Document ID: /roh_data/filtered/swiss_laws_in_ROHinterleaved.jsonl.gz/63

This text was translated from EN into Rumantsch Grischun.

input-en272English is not an official language of the Swiss Confederation. This translation is provided for information purposes only and has no legal force.Swiss Civil Procedure Code(Civil Procedure Code, CPC)of 19 December 2008 (Status as of 1 September 2023)The Federal Assembly of the Swiss Confederation,based on Article 122 paragraph 1 of the Federal Constitution,and having considered the Federal Council Dispatch of 28 June 2006,decrees: SR 101 BBl 2006 7221Part 1 General ProvisionsTitle 1 Subject Matter and Scope of ApplicationArt. 1 Subject matterThis Code governs the proceedings before the cantonal authorities for:a. contentious civil matters;b. court orders in non-contentious matters;c. court orders in matters of debt enforcement and bankruptcy law;d. arbitration.Art. 2 International mattersThe provisions of international treaties and of the Federal Act of 18 December 1987 on Private International Law (PILA) are reserved. RS 291Art. 3 Organisation of the courts and the conciliation authoritiesThe organisation of the courts and the conciliation authorities is in the competence of the cantons, unless the law provides otherwise.Title 2 Jurisdiction of the Courts and RecusalChapter 1 Material Jurisdiction and Functional JurisdictionArt. 4 Principles Cantonal law governs the material jurisdiction and functional jurisdiction of the courts, unless the law provides otherwise. If the material jurisdiction depends on the value in dispute, such value is calculated according to this Code.Art. 5 Court of sole cantonal instance The cantonal law designates the court that has jurisdiction as sole cantonal instance for:a. disputes in connection with intellectual property rights, including disputes concerning the nullity, ownership, licensing, transfer and violation of such rights;b. cartel law disputes;c. disputes on the use of a business name;d. disputes under the Unfair Competition Act of 19 December 1986 if the amount in dispute exceeds 30,000 francs or if the Confederation exercises its right to file an action;e. disputes under the Nuclear Energy Public Liability Act of 13 June 2008;f. claims against the Confederation;g. disputes relating to the instigation and conduct of a special investigation in accordance with Articles 697c–697h of the Code of Obligations (CO);h. disputes under the Collective Investment Schemes Act of 23 June 2006, the Financial Market Infrastructure Act of 19 June 2015 and the Financial Institutions Act of 15 June 2018;i. disputes under the Coat of Arms Protection Act of 21 June 2013, the Federal Act of 25 March 1954 on the Protection of the Emblem and Name of the Red Cross and the Federal Act of 15 December 1961 on the Protection of the Names and Emblems of the United Nations Organization and other Intergovernmental Organisations. This court is also competent to order interim measures before an action is pending. SR 241 Amended by Annex 2 No 1, in force since 1 Jan. 2022 (AS 2010 1739; BBl 2006 7221; AS 2022 43; BBl 2007 5397). SR 732.44 Amended by Annex No 3 of the FA of 19 June 2020 (Company Law), in force since  1 Jan. 2023 (AS 2020 4005; 2022 109; BBl 2017 399). SR 220 Amended by Annex No II 4 of the Financial Institutes Act of 15 June 2018, in force since 1 Jan. 2020 (AS 2018 5247, 2019 4631; BBl 2015 8901). SR 951.31 SR 958.1 SR 954.1 Inserted by Annex 3 No II 3 of the Coat of Arms Protection Act of 21 June 2013, in force since 1 Jan. 2017 (AS 2015 3679; BBl 2009 8533). SR 232.21 SR 232.22 SR 232.23Art. 6 Commercial Court The cantons may designate a special court that has jurisdiction as sole cantonal instance for commercial disputes (Commercial Court). A dispute is considered commercial, if:a. it concerns the commercial activity of at least one party;b. the decision is subject to an objection in civil matters to the Federal Supreme Court; andc. the parties are registered in the Swiss Commercial Registry or in an equivalent foreign registry. If only the defendant is registered in the Swiss Commercial Register or in an equivalent foreign register, but all the other conditions are met, the plaintiff may choose between the Commercial Court and the ordinary court. The cantons may also assign to the Commercial Court:a. the disputes mentioned in Article 5 paragraph 1;b. the disputes relating to the law of commercial companies and cooperatives. The Commercial Court is also competent to order interim measures before an action is pending.Art. 7 Disputes concerning insurance supplementary to social health insuranceThe cantons may designate a court that has jurisdiction as sole cantonal instance for disputes relating to insurance supplementary to social health insurance under the Federal Act of 18 March 1994 on Health Insurance. SR 832.10Art. 8 Direct action before the higher court If in a financial dispute the value in dispute is at least CHF 100,000, the plaintiff may, with the consent of the defendant, file its action directly before the higher court. This court decides as the sole cantonal instance.Chapter 2 Territorial Jurisdiction Section 1 General ProvisionsArt. 9 Mandatory jurisdiction A place of jurisdiction is mandatory only if the law expressly so provides. Parties may not derogate from a mandatory place of jurisdiction.Art. 10 Domicile and registered office Unless this Code provides otherwise, the following court has jurisdiction:a. for actions against a natural person: the court at the person's domicile;b. for actions against legal entities, public corporations and institutions as well as general partnerships and limited partnerships: the court at the location of their registered office;c. for actions against the Confederation: the Supreme Court of the Canton of Bern or the supreme court of the canton where the plaintiff's domicile, registered office or habitual residence is located;d. for actions against a canton: a court in the canton's capital. Domicile is determined in accordance with the Civil Code (CC). Article 24 CC does not apply. SR 210Art. 11 Residence If the defendant has no domicile, the court at his or her habitual residence has jurisdiction. A habitual residence is the place where a person lives for a certain period of time, even if that period is limited from the outset. If the defendant has no habitual residence, the court at his or her last known place of residence has jurisdiction.Art. 12 EstablishmentFor actions arising out of the commercial or professional activity of an establishment or branch, the court at the defendant's domicile or registered office or at the location of the establishment has jurisdiction.Art. 13 Interim measuresUnless the law provides otherwise, the following court has mandatory jurisdiction to order interim measures:a. the court that has jurisdiction to decide the main action; orb. the court at the place where the measure is to be enforced.Art. 14 Counterclaim A counterclaim may be filed in the court that has jurisdiction over the main action, provided the counterclaim has a factual connection with the main action. This place of jurisdiction subsists even if the main action is dismissed for whatever reason.Art. 15 Joinder of parties and joinder of actions If an action is directed against two or more defendants, the court that has jurisdiction with regard to one defendant has jurisdiction with regard to all defendants unless jurisdiction is based solely on an agreement on jurisdiction. If two or more actions that are factual connected are raised against one and the same defendant, each court that has jurisdiction over any one of the actions has jurisdiction over all of them.Art. 16 Third party actionThe court that has jurisdiction to decide the main action also decides on the third party action.Art. 17 Agreement on jurisdiction Unless the law provides otherwise, the parties may agree on which court has jurisdiction over an existing or future dispute arising from a particular legal relationship. Unless the agreement provides otherwise, the action may only be brought before agreed court. The agreement must be in writing or in any other form allowing it to be evidenced by text.Art. 18 Acceptance by appearanceUnless the law provides otherwise, the seised court has jurisdiction if the defendant enters an appearance on the merits without objecting to the court's jurisdiction.Art. 19 Non-contentious mattersUnless the law provides otherwise, the court or authority at the domicile or registered office of the applicant has mandatory jurisdiction over non-contentious matters.Section 2 Law of PersonsArt. 20 Protection of personal privacy and data protectionThe court at the domicile or registered office of either of the parties has jurisdiction to decide on:a. actions based on an invasion of the personal privacy;b. requests for a right of reply;c. actions for name protection and actions challenging a name change;d. actions and requests under the Data Protection Act of 25 September 2020 (FADP). Amended by Annex 1 No II 24 of the Data Protection Act of 25 Sept. 2020, in force since 1 Sept. 2023 (AS 2022 491; BBl 2017 6941). SR 235.1Art. 21 Declaration of death and declaration of presumed deathThe court at the last known domicile of the missing person has mandatory jurisdiction over applications relating to a declaration of death or declaration of presumed death (Art. 34 to 38 CC). SR 210Art. 22 Modification of the civil registerFor actions concerning the modification of the civil register, the court of the district in which the entry to be modified was made or should have been made has mandatory jurisdiction.Section 3 Family LawArt. 23 Applications and actions based on marital law The court at the domicile of either of the parties has mandatory jurisdiction over applications and actions based on marital law as well as applications for interim measures. The court at the domicile of the debtor has mandatory jurisdiction over applications for separation of property by the supervisory authority in debt enforcement and bankruptcy matters.Art. 24 Applications and actions in registered partnership mattersThe court at the domicile of one of the parties has mandatory jurisdiction over applications and actions in matters of registered partnerships as well as requests for interim measures.Art. 25 Actions relating to parent-child relationshipsThe court at the domicile of one of the parties has mandatory jurisdiction over actions to declare or contest a parent-child relationship.Art. 26 Actions for maintenance and assistanceThe court at the domicile of either of the parties has mandatory jurisdiction over separate actions claiming maintenance brought by children against their parents or for actions against relatives with an obligation to provide assistance.Art. 27 Claims of the unmarried motherThe court at the domicile of either of the parties has mandatory jurisdiction over the claims of the unmarried mother.Section 4 Law of Succession Art. 28 The court at the last domicile of the deceased has jurisdiction over actions under the law of succession as well as actions for the division of the marital property on the death of a spouse or a registered partner. The authorities at the last domicile of the deceased have mandatory jurisdiction over measures in connection with succession. If death did not occur at the domicile, the authorities at the place of death shall notify the authorities at the place of domicile and take the necessary measures to ensure the conservation of the assets situated at the place of death. Independent actions for the allocation on death of an agricultural enterprise or agricultural land may also be brought before the court at the place where the property is located.Section 5 Property LawArt. 29 Immovable property The court at the place where a property is or should be recorded in the land register has jurisdiction to decide on:a. actions in rem;b. actions against the community of condominium owners;c. actions for the registration of statutory charges on immovable property. Other actions relating to immovable property rights may also be brought before the court at the domicile or registered office of the defendant. If an action concerns multiple properties or if a property is recorded in the land register of several districts, the court where the largest property or the largest part of the property is situated has jurisdiction. In non-contentious matters relating to immovable property rights, the court at the place where the property is or should be recorded in the land register has mandatory jurisdiction.Art. 30 Chattels For actions relating to rights in rem or possession of chattels or claims secured by charges on chattels, the court at the domicile or registered office of the defendant or at the place where the item is located has jurisdiction. In non-contentious matters, the court at the domicile or registered office of the applicant or with the court at the place where the item is located has mandatory jurisdiction.Section 6 Actions in ContractArt. 31 PrincipleThe court at the domicile or registered office of the defendant or at the place where the characteristic performance must be rendered has jurisdiction over actions related to contracts.Art. 32 Consumer contracts The following court has jurisdiction in disputes concerning consumer contracts:a. for actions brought by the consumer: the court at the domicile or registered office of one of the parties;b. for actions brought by the supplier: the court at the domicile of the defendant. Consumer contracts are contracts on supplies for ordinary consumption intended for the personal use of the consumer or his family and offered by the other party in the course of its professional or commercial activity.Art. 33 Tenancy and lease of immovable propertyThe court at the place where the immovable property is situated has jurisdiction to decide actions based on a contract for the tenancy or lease of immovable property.Art. 34 Employment Law The court at the domicile or registered office of the defendant or where the employee normally carries out his or her work has jurisdiction to decide actions relating to employment law. If a job applicant or an employee brings an action based on the Recruitment Act of 6 October 1989, the court at the place of the business establishment of the recruitment or hiring agent with whom the contract was concluded also has jurisdiction. SR 823.11Art. 35 Waiver of statutory jurisdiction The following persons may not waive the jurisdiction provided for in Articles 32 to 34, whether in by advance agreement or by entering appearance:a. the consumer;b. the tenant or lessee of a residential or business property;c. the farmer in case of agricultural farm leases;d. the person seeking employment or the employee. The conclusion of an agreement on jurisdiction after the emergence of the dispute is reserved.Section 7 Actions in TortArt. 36 PrincipleThe court at the domicile or registered office of the aggrieved person or the defendant, or where the act occurred or had its effect has jurisdiction over actions in tort.Art. 37 Damages for unjustified interim measuresThe court at the domicile or registered office of the defendant or at the place where the measures have been ordered has jurisdiction to decide actions for damages resulting from unjustified interim measures.Art. 38 Motor vehicle and bicycle accidents The court at the domicile or registered office of the defendant or at the place of the accident has jurisdiction to decide actions resulting from motor vehicle and bicycle accidents. Actions against the Swiss National Bureau of Insurance (Art. 74 of the Road Traffic Act of 19 December 1958; RTA) or against the Swiss National Guarantee Fund (Art. 76 RTA) may also be brought before the court at the place of any branch of such institutions. SR 741.01Art. 38a Nuclear damage In the case of actions arising from nuclear incidents, the court in the canton where the incident took place has mandatory jurisdiction.  If there is any uncertainty as to which canton this is, the court in the canton where the nuclear installation of the liable proprietor is located has mandatory jurisdiction. If two or more courts have jurisdiction in accordance with these rules, the court in the canton that is most closely linked to the incident and which is most seriously affected by it has mandatory jurisdiction. Inserted by Annex 2 No 1, in force since 1 Jan. 2022  (AS 2010 1739; BBl 2006 7221; AS 2022 43; BBl 2007 5397).Art. 39 Incidental civil claimThe competence of the criminal court to decide incidental civil actions is reserved.Section 8 Commercial LawArt. 40 Company law and the commercial register The court at the domicile or registered office of the defendant or the court at the registered office of the company has jurisdiction to decide actions concerning liability in company law. The court at the last registered office of the deleted legal entity has mandatory jurisdiction over the reinstatement of a deleted legal entity in the commercial register. Amended by Annex No 2 of the FA of 17 March 2017 (Commercial Register Law), in force since 1 Jan. 2021 (AS 2020 957; BBl 2015 3617). Inserted by Annex No 2 of the FA of 17 March 2017 (Commercial Register Law), in force since 1 Jan. 2021 (AS 2020 957; BBl 2015 3617).Art. 41 Repealed by No II 1 of the FA of 28 Sept. 2012, with effect from 1 May 2013  (AS 2013 1103; BBl 2011 6875).Art. 42 Mergers, demergers, transformations, transfers of assets and liabilitiesThe court at the registered office of one of the involved entities has jurisdiction to decide actions relating to the Mergers Act of 3 October 2003. SR 221.301Art. 43 Cancellation of securities and insurance policies, injunction against payment The court at the registered office of the company has mandatory jurisdiction to declare the cancellation of shares. The court at the place where the immovable property is recorded in the land register has mandatory jurisdiction to declare the cancellation of mortgage instruments. The court at the domicile or registered office of the debtor has mandatory jurisdiction to declare the cancellation of other securities and insurance policies. The court at the place of payment has mandatory jurisdiction to issue injunctions against payment under a bill of exchange or cheque and to declare their cancellation.Art. 44 Bonds The place of jurisdiction for the authorisation to convene a creditors' meeting is governed by Article 1165 CO. SR 220Art. 45 Collective investment schemesThe court at the registered office of the concerned licence holder has mandatory jurisdiction to decide on actions brought by the investors or the representative of the community of investors.Section 9 Debt Enforcement and Bankruptcy LawArt. 46The place of jurisdiction for actions under the Federal Act of 11 April 1889 on Debt Enforcement and Bankruptcy (DEBA) is determined by this chapter unless the DEBA provides for a place of jurisdiction. SR 281.1Chapter 3 RecusalArt. 47 Grounds for recusal Judges and judicial officers shall recuse themselves if:a. they have a personal interest in the case;b. they have acted in the same case in another capacity, in particular as member of an authority, legal agent, expert witness, witness or mediator;c. they are or were married to, or live or lived in a registered partnership or co-habit with a party or his or her representative or a person who has acted in the same case as a member of the lower court;d. they are related to a party by birth or marriage in direct line or in collateral line up to the third degree;e. they are related by birth or marriage in direct line or in collateral line up to the second degree to the representative of a party or a person who has acted in the same case as a member of the lower court;f. they may not be impartial for other reasons, notably due to friendship or enmity with a party or his or her representative. Involvement in the following, in particular, is in itself no reason for recusal:a. the decision on legal aid;b. the conciliation proceedings;c. the setting aside of an objection under Articles 80 to 84 DEBA;d. the ordering of interim measures;e. proceedings for protection of the marital union. SR 281.1Art. 48 Duty to provide informationThe judge or judicial officer concerned shall make a timely disclosure of any possible reason for recusal and shall recuse him- or herself voluntarily if he or she considers that such reason exists.Art. 49 Application for recusal A party that wishes to challenge a judge or judicial officer must file the corresponding application as soon as it has become aware of the reason for recusal. It must show credibly the facts that justify the challenge. The judge or judicial officer concerned shall respond to the application.Art. 50 Decision If the reason given for recusal is disputed, the court shall decide. The decision may be challenged by objection.Art. 51 Consequences of violating the regulations on recusal Procedural acts in which a person obliged to recuse him- or herself has participated must be annulled and repeated if a party so requests within 10 days of becoming aware of the reason for recusal. If the taking of evidence cannot be repeated, the relevant evidence may be taken into consideration by the deciding court. If a reason for recusal is detected only after the close of the proceedings, the provisions on review apply.Title 3 Procedural Principles and Procedural RequirementsChapter 1 Procedural Principles Art. 52 Acting in good faithAll those who participate in proceedings must act in good faith.Art. 53 Right to be heard The parties have the right to be heard. They have in particular the right to consult the case files and to obtain copies thereof provided this does not conflict with overriding public or private interests.Art. 54 Publicity Hearings and any oral passing of judgment shall be conducted in public. The decisions are made accessible to the public. Cantonal law determines whether the deliberations are public. Proceedings may be held completely or partially in camera when required by public interest or by the legitimate interests of a person involved. Family law proceedings are not conducted in public.Art. 55 Principles of production of evidence and of ex-officio investigation The parties must present the court with the facts in support of their case and submit the related evidence. Statutory provisions relating to the ex-officio establishment of facts and taking of evidence are reserved.Art. 56 Court's duty to enquireIf a party's submissions are unclear, contradictory, ambiguous or manifestly incomplete, and the court shall give the party the opportunity to clarify or complete the submission by asking appropriate questions.Art. 57 Ex-officio application of the lawThe court applies the law ex-officio.Art. 58 Principles of non ultra petita and ex-officio assessment The court may not award a party anything more than or different from what the party has requested, nor less than what the opposing party has acknowledged. The statutory provisions under which the court is not bound by the parties' requests are reserved.Chapter 2 Procedural RequirementsArt. 59 Principle The court shall consider an action or application provided the procedural requirements are satisfied. Procedural requirements are in particular the following:a. the plaintiff or applicant has a legitimate interest;b. the court has subject matter and territorial jurisdiction;c. the parties have the capacity to be a party and the capacity to take legal action;d. the case is not the subject of pending proceedings elsewhere;e. the case is not already the subject of a legally-binding decision;f. the advance and security for costs have been paid.Art. 60 Verification of compliance with the procedural requirementsThe court shall examine ex-officio whether the procedural requirements are satisfied.Art. 61 Arbitration agreementIf the parties have concluded an arbitration agreement relating to an arbitrable dispute, the seised court shall declines jurisdiction unless:a. the defendant has made an appearance without reservation;b. the court holds that the arbitration agreement is manifestly invalid or unenforceable; orc. the arbitral tribunal cannot be constituted for reasons that are manifestly attributable to the defendant in the arbitration proceedings.Title 4 Pendency and Effects of Withdrawal of the ActionArt. 62 Start of pendency A case becomes pending when an application for conciliation, an action, an application, or a joint request for divorce is filed. Confirmation of receipt of such submissions shall be issued to the parties.Art. 63 Pendency where the court has no jurisdiction or the procedure is incorrect If a submission that has been withdrawn or rejected due to lack of jurisdiction is filed again with the competent conciliation authority or court within one month of withdrawal or the declaration of non-admissibility, the date of the first filing is deemed to be the date of pendency. The same applies if the claim was not filed under the proper procedure. The special statutory deadlines for filing actions under the DEBA are reserved. SR 281.1Art. 64 Effects of pendency The pendency of an action has in particular the following effects:a the subject matter of the dispute may not be made pending elsewhere between the same parties;b. the territorial jurisdiction of the court is maintained. When compliance with statutory deadline under private law depends on the date of the statement of claim, of raising an action or of another act initiating legal proceedings, the relevant moment is that of pendency in accordance with this Code.Art. 65 Effects of withdrawalAny person who withdraws an action before the competent court may not bring proceedings again against the same party on the same subject matter if the court has already served the statement of claim on the defendant and the defendant does not consent to its withdrawal.Title 5 Parties and Participation of Third PartiesChapter 1 Capacity to be a Party and Capacity to take Legal ActionArt. 66 Capacity to be a partyThe capacity to be a party is subject to legal capacity or the qualification as a party by virtue of federal law.Art. 67 Capacity to take legal action Any person who has the capacity to act has the capacity to take legal action. A person without capacity to act may act through his legal representative. Provided a person without the capacity to act has the capacity to consent, he or she may:a. independently exercise those rights conferred by virtue of his or her personality;b. temporarily take the acts necessary in cases of imminent danger.Chapter 2 Representation of the PartiesArt. 68 Representation by agreement Any person who has capacity to take legal action may choose to be represented in proceedings. The following persons are allowed to act as professional representatives:a. in all proceedings: lawyers admitted to represent parties before Swiss courts under the Lawyers Act of 23 June 2000;b. before the conciliation authorities, in financial disputes under the simplified procedure and in cases under the summary procedure: licensed administrators and legal agents if provided for by cantonal law;c. in cases under the summary procedure in accordance with Article 251 of this Code: professional representatives under Article 27 DEBA;d. before the special courts for tenancy matters and for employment matters: professionally qualified representatives if provided for by cantonal law. The representative must prove his or her authority by power of attorney. The court may order the personal appearance of a represented party. SR 935.61 SR 281.1Art. 69 Inability to appear If a party is manifestly unable to appear, the court may invite that party to appoint a representative. If the party does not comply within the set deadline, a representative shall be appointed by the court. The court shall notify the Adult and Child Protection Authority if protective measures are deemed necessary. Amended by Annex 2 No 3 of the FA of 19 Dec. 2008, in force since 1 Jan. 2013  (AS 2010 1739, 2011 725; BBl 2006 7221 7001).Chapter 3 Joinder of PartiesArt. 70 Mandatory joinder If two or more persons are in a legal relationship that calls for one single decision with effect for all of them, they must jointly appear as plaintiffs or be sued as joint defendants. Procedural measures duly taken by one of the joint parties are likewise effective for the others, with the exception of challenging a decision.Art. 71 Voluntary joinder Two or more persons whose rights and duties result from similar circumstances or legal grounds may jointly appear as plaintiffs or be sued as joint defendants. Voluntary joinder is excluded if the individual cases are subject to different types of procedure. Each of the joint parties may proceed independently from the others.Art. 72 Joint representationThe joint parties may appoint a joint representative, failing which service is made to each party individually.Chapter 4 Third Party InterventionSection 1 Principal InterventionArt. 73 Any person who claims to have a better right in the object of a dispute, to the total or partial exclusion of both parties, may bring a claim directly against both parties in the court in which the dispute is pending in first instance. The court may either suspend the proceedings until the case of the principal intervenor is finally concluded, or join the two cases.Section 2 Accessory InterventionArt. 74 PrincipleAny person who shows a credible legal interest in having a pending dispute decided in favour of one of the parties may intervene at any time as an accessory party and for this purpose submit to the court an intervention application.Art. 75 Application The application for intervention shall indicate the reasons for intervention and the party in whose favour the intervention is made. The court decides on the application after hearing the parties. The decision may be challenged by way of objection.Art. 76 Rights of the Intervenor The intervenor may carry out any procedural acts in support of the principal party, provided they are permitted at the relevant stage of the proceedings; he or she may in particular make use of any offensive or defensive measures and also seek appellate remedies. The procedural acts of the intervenor shall not be taken into consideration in the proceedings if they are contradictory to those of the principal party.Art. 77 Effect of interventionA result that is unfavourable to the principal party is effective against the intervenor, unless:a. the state of the proceedings at the moment of intervention or the acts or omissions of the principal party have prevented the intervenor from making use of offensive or defensive measures; orb. the principal party has failed, wilfully or through gross negligence, to make use of offensive or defensive measures of which the intervenor was not aware.Chapter 5 Third Party Notice and Third Party ActionSection 1 Third Party NoticeArt. 78 Principles A party may notify a third party of the dispute if, in the event of being unsuccessful, he or she might take recourse against or be subject to recourse by a third party. The notified third party may also give notice of the dispute.Art. 79 Standing of the third party The notified third party may:a. intervene in favour of the notifying principal party, without further conditions; orb. proceed in place of the notifying principal party, with the consent of the latter. If the notified third party refuses to intervene or does not answer the notification, the proceedings shall continue without considering the third party.Art. 80 Effects of noticeArticle 77 applies by analogy.Section 2 Third Party ActionArt. 81 Principles The notifying party may assert the rights that he or she believes he or she will have against the notified third party in the event that he or she is unsuccessful in the court that is dealing with the main action. The notified third party may not bring a further third party action. The third party action is not admissible under the simplified or summary procedures. Art. 82 Procedure The request for the third party action to be admitted must be made with the answers or the reply in the main proceedings. The notifying party shall set out the prayers to be raised against the third party together with a brief statement of the grounds. The court shall give the opposing party and the third party the opportunity to respond. If the third party action is admitted, the court shall determine the time and extent of the related exchange of written submissions, subject to Article 125. The decision to admit the third party action may be challenged by way of objection.Chapter 6 Substitution of a PartyArt. 83 If the object in dispute is alienated in the course of the proceedings, the acquirer may take up the proceedings in place of the alienating party. The substitute party is liable for the entire costs of the proceedings. The retiring party is jointly and severally liable for the costs incurred until the substitution. In justified cases, the substituting party must, if so requested by the opposing party, provide security to guarantee the enforcement of the decision. In the absence of alienation of the object in dispute, the substitution of a party is permitted only with the consent of the opposing party; special legal provisions on the legal succession are reserved.Title 6 ActionsArt. 84 Action for performance By filing an action for performance, the plaintiff demands that the defendant be ordered to do, refrain from doing or tolerate something.  In an action for the payment of money, the amount must be specified.Art. 85 Action for an unquantified debt If it is impossible or unreasonable to quantify the amount of the debt at the start of the proceedings, the plaintiff may bring an action for an unquantified debt. However, the plaintiff must indicate a minimal amount as a provisional value in dispute. Once evidence is taken or the required information furnished by the defendant, the plaintiff must quantify the debt claim as soon as he or she is able to do so. The seised court maintains competence even if the value in dispute exceeds its material jurisdiction.Art. 86 Partial actionIf a claim is divisible, an action for part of the claim may be brought.Art. 87 Action to modify a legal relationshipBy filing an action to modify a legal relationship, the plaintiff demands the creation, modification or dissolution of a specific right or legal relationship.Art. 88 Action for a declaratory judgmentBy filing an action for a declaratory judgment, the plaintiff demands that the court establish that a right or legal relationship exists or does not exist.Art. 89 Group action Associations and other organisations of national or regional importance that are authorised by their articles of association to protect the interests of a certain group of individuals may bring an action in their own name for a violation of the personality of the members of such group. They may request the court:a. to prohibit an imminent violation;b. to put an end to an ongoing violation;c. to establish the unlawful character of a violation if the latter continues to have a disturbing effect. Special legal provisions on group actions are reserved.Art. 90 Combination of actionsThe plaintiff may combine two or more claims against the same party in one action, if:a. they are within the material jurisdiction of the same court; andb. they are subject to the same type of procedure.Title 7 Value in DisputeArt. 91 Principle The value in dispute is determined by the prayers for relief. Interest, costs of the ongoing proceedings or a possible publication of the decision and the value of possible subsidiary claims are not taken into account. If the prayers for relief do not specify a sum of money, the court shall determine the value in dispute if the parties are unable to reach an agreement or if the information they provide is manifestly incorrect.Art. 92 Recurring usage or services Recurring usage or services have the value of the capital they represent. If the duration of the recurring usage or services is unknown or indefinite, the annual usage or services multiplied by twenty is deemed to be the value of the capital; in case of a life annuity, the amount of the capital corresponds to the actual cash value.Art. 93 Joinder of parties and joinder of actions In the event of the voluntary joinder of parties or joinder of actions, the values of the claims are added together insofar as they are not mutually exclusive. In case of permissive joinder of parties, the type of procedure for each claim is maintained despite the addition of their values.Art. 94 Counterclaim In the case of an action and counterclaim, the value in dispute is determined by the action with the higher value. For the purpose of determining the costs, the values of the action and the counterclaim are added together insofar as they are not mutually exclusive.Title 8 Costs and Legal AidChapter 1 Procedural CostsArt. 95 Definitions The procedural costs include:a. the court costs;b. the party costs. The court costs include:a. the fee for the conciliation proceedings;b. the fee for the decision (judgment fee);c. the costs of taking evidence;d. the costs of translation;e. the costs of representation for a child (Art. 299 and 300). The party costs include:a. the reimbursement of necessary outlays;b. the costs for professional representation;c. in justified cases: reasonable compensation for personal efforts if a party is not professionally represented.Art. 96 TariffsThe cantons set the tariffs for the procedural costs.Art. 97 Advice on procedural costsThe court shall advise a party without legal representation on the costs to be expected and on legal aid.Art. 98 Advance payment of costsThe court may demand that the plaintiff make an advance payment up to the amount of the expected court costs.Art. 99 Security for party costs At the request of the defendant, the plaintiff must provide security for party costs:a. if he or she has no residence or registered office in Switzerland;b. if he or she appears to be insolvent, notably if he or she has been declared bankrupt or is involved in ongoing composition proceedings or if certificates of unpaid debts have been issued;c. if he or she owes costs from prior proceedings; ord. if for other reasons there seems to be a considerable risk that the compensation will not be paid. In the case of mandatory joinder, security must be provided only if each party fulfils one of the above mentioned conditions. No security need be provided:a. in simplified proceedings, with the exception of financial disputes under Article 243 paragraph 1;b. in divorce proceedings;c. in summary proceedings, with the exception of the proceedings in clear cases (Art. 257); d. in proceedings relating to a dispute under the FADP. Inserted by Annex 1 No II 24 of the Data Protection Act of 25 Sept. 2020, in force since 1 Sept. 2023 (AS 2022 491; BBl 2017 6941). SR 235.1Art. 100 Nature and amount of security Security may be provided in cash or in the form of a guarantee from a bank with a branch in Switzerland or from an insurance company authorised to operate in Switzerland. The court may subsequently order the increase, reduction or return of the security.Art. 101 Provision of advance and security The court sets a deadline for the provision of the advance and the security. It may order interim measures before the security is provided. If the advance or security is not provided even within a period of grace, the action or application shall be declared inadmissible.Art. 102 Advance for taking of evidence Each party shall advance the costs for taking the evidence that he or she requires. If the parties offer the same evidence, each party shall advance half of the costs. If one party fails to pay an advance, the other party may do so, failing which the evidence shall not be taken. Matters in which the court must establish the facts ex officio are reserved.Art. 103 Appellate remedyDecisions relating to advances of costs and security may be challenged by way of objection.Chapter 2 Allocation and Settlement of Procedural CostsArt. 104 Decision on costs As a general rule, the court decides on the procedural costs in the final decision. Where an interim decision is made (Art. 237), the procedural costs incurred up to that point may be allocated. The decision on the procedural costs for interim measures may be deferred until the final decision on the merits. If a case is referred back to a lower court, the higher court may leave it to the lower court to allocate the costs of the appellate proceedings.Art. 105 Determination and allocation of costs The court costs are determined and allocated ex officio. The court awards party costs according to the tariffs (Art. 96). The parties may submit a statement of costs.Art. 106 General principles of allocation The costs are charged to the unsuccessful party. If an action is not admitted by the court or if it is withdrawn, the plaintiff is deemed to be the unsuccessful party; in case of acceptance of the claim it is the defendant. If no party entirely is successful, the costs are allocated in accordance with the outcome of the case. If three or more persons are participating in the proceedings as principal parties or accessory parties, the court shall determine each party's share of the costs. It may hold the parties jointly and severally liable.Art. 107 Discretionary allocation The court may diverge from the general principles of allocation and allocate the costs at its own discretion:a. if an action has been upheld in principle but not the full amount claimed, and if the amount of the award was determined at the court's discretion or if the claim was difficult to quantify;b. if a party was caused to litigate in good faith;c. in family law proceedings;d. in proceedings relating to a registered partnership;e. if the proceedings are dismissed as groundless and the law does not provide otherwise;f. if there are other extraordinary circumstances that would result in an allocation according to the outcome of the case being inequitable. In the event of the dismissal of actions under company law for performance to the company, the court may at its discretion apportion the procedural costs between the company and the plaintiff. Court costs that are not attributable to any party or third party may be charged to the canton if equitable. Inserted by Annex No 2 of the FA of 17 March 2017 (Commercial Register Law), in force since 1 Jan. 2021 (AS 2020 957; BBl 2015 3617).Art. 108 Unnecessary costsUnnecessary costs are charged to the party that caused them.Art. 109 Allocation in the event of a settlement If a case is settled in court, the costs are charged to the parties according to the terms of the settlement. The costs are allocated according to Articles 106–108:a if the settlement does not provide for the allocation of costs; orb. if, in terms of the settlement, the costs are charged solely to a party that has been granted legal aid.Art. 110 Appellate remedyThe decision on costs may be separately challenged by way of objection only.Art. 111 Recovery of costs The court costs are set off against the advances paid by the parties. The balance is collected from the person liable to pay. The party liable to pay shall reimburse the other party his or her advances and shall pay the other party the party costs awarded. The provisions on legal aid are reserved.Art. 112 Deferment, waiver, prescription and interest  The court may defer or, in the event of permanent lack of means, waive the court costs. The debt prescribes ten years after the close of proceedings. The default interest is 5 percent.Chapter 3 Special Provisions on CostsArt. 113 Conciliation proceedings No party costs are awarded in conciliation proceedings. Payment by the canton of legal agents under the legal aid system is reserved. No court costs are charged in disputes:a. relating to the Gender Equality Act of 24 March 1995;b. relating to the Disability Discrimination Act of 13 December 2002;c. relating to the rental and lease of residential and business property or the lease of agricultural property;d. relating to an employment contract or the Recruitment Act of 6 October 1989 up to an amount in dispute of 30,000 francs;e. relating to the Participation Act of 17 December 1993;f. relating to insurance supplementary to the social health insurance under the Federal Act of 18 March 1994 on Health Insurance;g. under the FADP. SR 151.1 SR 151.3 SR 823.11 SR 822.14 SR 832.10 Inserted by Annex 1 No II 24 of the Data Protection Act of 25 Sept. 2020, in force since 1 Sept. 2023 (AS 2022 491; BBl 2017 6941). SR 235.1Art. 114 Litigation proceedingsIn litigation proceedings, no court costs are charged in disputes:a. relating to the Gender Equality Act of 24 March 1995;b. relating to the Disability Discrimination Act of 13 December 2002;c. relating to an employment contract or the Recruitment Act of 6 October 1989 up to an amount in dispute of 30,000 francs;d. relating to the Participation Act of 17 December 1993;e. relating to insurance supplementary to the social health insurance under the Federal Act of 18 March 1994 on Health Insurance;f. because of violence, threats or harassment under Article 28b CC or relating to electronic monitoring under Article 28c CC;g. under the FADP. SR 151.1 SR 151.3 SR 823.11 SR 822.14 SR 832.10 Inserted by No I 2 of the FA of 14 Dec. 2018 on Improving the Protection of Persons Affected by Violence, in force since 1 July 2020 (AS 2019 2273; BBl 2017 7307). SR 210 Inserted by Annex 1 No II 24 of the Data Protection Act of 25 Sept. 2020, in force since 1 Sept. 2023 (AS 2022 491; BBl 2017 6941). SR 235.1Art. 115 Obligation to bear costs Court costs may also be charged in cost-free proceedings to a party who proceeds in a vexatious manner or in bad faith. In the case of litigation relating to Article 114 letter f, court costs may also be charged to the unsuccessful party if an injunction pursuant to Article 28b CC or electronic monitoring pursuant to Article 28c CC is ordered against them. SR 210 Inserted by No I 2 of the FA of 14 Dec. 2018 on Improving the Protection of Persons Affected by Violence, in force since 1 July 2020 (AS 2019 2273; BBl 2017 7307).Art. 116 Exemption under cantonal law The cantons may provide for further exemptions from procedural costs. Exemptions from costs that the canton provides for itself, its communes or other corporations under public cantonal law also apply to the Confederation.Chapter 4 Legal AidArt. 117 EntitlementA person is entitled to legal aid if:a. he or she does not have sufficient financial resources; andb. his or her case does not seem devoid of any chances of success.Art. 118 Extent Legal aid comprises:a. an exemption from the obligation to pay advances and provide security;b. an exemption from court costs;c. the appointment by the court of a legal agent under the legal aid system if this is necessary to protect the rights of the party concerned, and in particular if the opposing party is represented by a legal agent; the legal agent under the legal aid system may be appointed prior to the court hearing in order to prepare the proceedings. Legal aid may be granted for all or part of the case. The grant of legal aid does not relieve the party concerned from paying party costs to the opposing party.Art. 119 Application and procedure The application for legal aid may be made before or after an action becomes pending. The applicant must disclose his or her financial circumstances including income and assets and state his or her position on the merits of the case and the evidence he or she intends to produce. He or she may name a preferred legal agent in the application. The court shall decide on the application in summary proceedings. The opposing party may be heard, and must be heard if legal aid is to cover security for party costs. In exceptional circumstances, legal aid may be granted with retrospective effect. A new application for legal aid must be made in appellate proceedings. No court costs are charged for proceedings relating to the granting of legal aid, except in cases of bad faith or vexatious conduct.Art. 120 Revocation of legal aidThe court shall revoke legal aid if the conditions are no longer fulfilled or if it comes to light that they never were fulfilled.Art. 121 Appellate remedyThe decision by which legal aid is refused or revoked in full or in part may be challenged by way of objection.Art. 122 Recovery of costs If a party with legal aid is unsuccessful, the costs shall be settled as follows:a. the legal agent under the legal aid system shall be adequately remunerated by the canton;b. the court costs shall be charged to the canton;c. the opposing party shall have its advances refunded;d. the party with legal aid must pay party costs to the opposing party. If the party with legal aid is successful, the legal agent under the legal aid system shall be adequately remunerated by the canton where compensation from the opposing party is irrecoverable or likely to be irrecoverable. By paying the remuneration, the canton becomes entitled to enforce the claim for costs.Art. 123 Reimbursement A party must reimburse the legal aid received as soon as he or she is in a position to do so. The canton's claim prescribes 10 years after the close of proceedings.Title 9 Director of Proceedings, Procedural Acts and DeadlinesChapter 1 Director of proceedingsArt. 124 Principles The court is the director of proceedings. It issues the required procedural rulings to enable the proceedings to be prepared and conducted efficiently. The role of director of proceedings may be delegated to one of the members of the court. The court may at any time attempt to achieve an agreement between the parties.Art. 125 Simplification of proceedingsIn order to simplify the proceedings, the court may, in particular:a. limit the proceedings to individual issues or prayers for relief;b. order the separation of jointly filed actions;c. order the joinder of separately filed actions;d. separate the counterclaim from the main proceedings.Art. 126 Suspension of proceedings The court may suspend proceedings if appropriate. The proceedings may be suspended in particular if the decision depends on the outcome of other proceedings. Suspension may be challenged by way of objection.Art. 127 Transfer of connected cases If factually connected cases are pending before different courts, the subsequently seised court may transfer the case to the court seised first if that court agrees to take over. The transfer may be challenged by way of objection.Art. 128 Procedural discipline and vexatious conduct Any person who violates decency in court or disrupts the course of the proceedings shall be liable to a reprimand or a disciplinary fine not exceeding 1,000 francs. In addition, the court may exclude the person concerned from the hearing. The court may request the assistance of the police to enforce its orders. In the event of bad faith or vexatious conduct, the parties and their representatives shall be liable to a disciplinary fine not exceeding 2,000 francs, and in the event of a repetition not exceeding 5,000 francs. The disciplinary fine may be challenged by way of objection.Chapter 2 Forms of Procedural Acts Section 1 Language of the ProceedingsArt. 129The proceedings shall be held in the official language of the canton in which the case is heard. Cantons that recognise two or more official languages shall regulate their use in the proceedings.Section 2 Party SubmissionsArt. 130 Form Submissions must be filed with the court in the form of paper documents or electronically. They must be signed. In the case of electronic submission, the submission and its enclosures must bear a qualified electronic signature in accordance with the Federal Act of 18 March 2016 on Electronic Signatures. The Federal Council shall regulate:a. the format for submissions and their attachments;b. the method of transmission;c. the requirements for requesting the submission of documents in paper form in the event of technical problems. Amended by Annex No II 5 of the FA of 18 March 2016 on Electronic Signatures, in force since 1 Jan. 2017 (AS 2016 4651; BBl 2014 1001). SR 943.03Art. 131 Number of copiesSubmissions and their attachments in paper form must be filed once for the court and once for each opposing party, failing which the court may set a period of grace or make the copies at the defaulting party's expense.Art. 132 Defective, querulous and abusive submissions The court shall set a deadline for rectifying formal defects such as a missing signature or missing power of attorney. In the event of default, the submission is not taken into consideration. The same applies to submissions that are illegible, improper, incomprehensible or incoherent. Querulous or abusive submissions are returned to the sender without further formalities.Section 3 SummonsArt. 133 ContentThe summons contains:a. the name and address of the summoned party;b. the matter in dispute and the parties;c. the capacity in which the party is summoned;d. the place, date and time of the appearance;e. the procedural act to which the party is summoned;f. the consequences of default;g. the date of the summons and the seal of the court.Art. 134 TimingUnless the law provides otherwise, the summons must be sent out at least 10 days prior to the date of appearance.Art. 135 Postponement of appearanceIf there is good reason, the court may postpone the date of an appearance. It may do so:a. ex officio; orb. if a request to do so is made before the date.Section 4 Service of ProcessArt. 136 Documents to be servedThe court shall serve the persons concerned in particular with:a. the summons;b. rulings and decisions;c. the submissions of the opposing party.Art. 137 Service to a representativeIf a party is represented, service is made to the representative.Art. 138 Form The summons, rulings and decisions are served by registered mail or by other means against confirmation of receipt. Service is accomplished when the document has been received by the addressee or one of his or her employees or a person of at least 16 years of age living in the same household, unless the court instructs that a document must be served personally on the addressee. Service is also deemed to have been effected:a. in the case of a registered letter that has not been collected: on the seventh day after the failed attempt to serve it provided the person had to expect such service;b. in the case of personal service if the addressee refuses to accept service and if such refusal is recorded by the bearer: on the day of refusal. Other documents may be served by regular mail.Art. 139 Electronic service With the consent of the person concerned, summonses, rulings and decisions may be served electronically. They must bear an electronic signature in accordance with the Federal Act of 18 March 2016 on Electronic Signatures. The Federal Council regulates:a. the signature to be used;b. the format for summonses, rulings and decisions and their attachments;c. the method of transmission;d. the point in time at which the summons, ruling or decision is deemed to have been served. Amended by Annex No II 5 of the FA of 18 March 2016 on Electronic Signatures, in force since 1 Jan. 2017 (AS 2016 4651; BBl 2014 1001). SR 943.03Art. 140 Domicile for serviceThe court may instruct parties with domicile or registered office abroad to provide a domicile for service in Switzerland.Art. 141 Public notice Service shall be effected by notice in the official gazette of the canton or in the Swiss Official Gazette of Commerce where:a. the whereabouts of the addressee are unknown and cannot be ascertained despite making reasonable enquiries;b. service is impossible or would lead to exceptional inconvenience;c. if a party with domicile or registered office abroad has not provided a domicile for service in Switzerland despite being instructed to do so by the court. Service is deemed accomplished on the day of publication.Chapter 3 Limitation Periods, Default and RestitutionSection 1 Limitation PeriodsArt. 142 Computation Limitation periods triggered by a communication or the occurrence of an event starting on the following day. If a limitation period is measured in months, it expires on the same date of the last month as the date of the month in which the period started to run. In the absence of such a date, the period expires on the last day of the month. If the last day of a limitation period is a Saturday, a Sunday or a public holiday recognised by federal or cantonal law at the location of the court, the period expires on the following working day.Art. 143 Compliance Submissions must be filed no later than the last day of the limitation period, either by filing with the court or by handing over to Swiss Post or a diplomatic mission or consular office of Switzerland for forwarding on to the court. In case of electronic submission, the relevant time for compliance with a deadline is that at which the receipt is issued that confirms that all the steps have been completed that the party must carry out for transmission. Payment to the court is made within the deadline if the funds are handed over to Swiss Post in favour of the court or debited from a postal or bank account in Switzerland no later than on the last day of the limitation period. Amended by Annex No II 5 of the FA of 18 March 2016 on Electronic Signatures, in force since 1 Jan. 2017 (AS 2016 4651; BBl 2014 1001).Art. 144 Extension Statutory limitation periods may not be extended. Limitation periods set by the court may be extended for good reason if the request to do so is made before the period expires.Art. 145 Suspension of limitation periods Statutory limitation periods or periods set by the court shall be suspended:a. from the seventh day before Easter up to and including the seventh day after Easter;b. from 15 July up to and including 15 August;c. from 18 December up to and including 2 January. The suspension does not apply:a. in conciliation proceedings;b. in summary proceedings. Parties must be made aware of the exceptions provided in paragraph 2 above. The provisions of the DEBA on debt enforcement holidays and suspension are reserved. SR 281.1Art. 146 Effects of suspension If service is effected during suspension, the limitation period starts to run on the first day following the end of the suspension. No hearings are held in court during the suspension period, unless the parties agree otherwise.Section 2 Default and RestitutionArt. 147 Default and consequences of default A party is in default if he or she fails to accomplish a procedural act within the set limitation period or does not appear when summoned to appear. The proceedings shall continue without the act defaulted on unless the law provides otherwise. The court shall draw the parties' attention to the consequences of default.Art. 148 Restitution The court may on application grant a period of grace or summon the parties again for a new appearance provided the defaulting party shows credibly that he or she was not responsible for the default or was responsible only to a minor extent. The application must be submitted within 10 days of the day when the cause of default has ceased to apply. If notice of a decision has been given to the parties, restitution may be requested only within six months after the decision has come into force.Art. 149 Restitution procedureThe court shall invite the opposing party to comment on the application and shall issue a final decision.Title 10 EvidenceChapter 1 General ProvisionsArt. 150 Subject of evidence Evidence is required to prove facts that are legally relevant and disputed. Evidence may also be required to prove common practice, local usages and, in financial disputes, foreign law.Art. 151 Known factsEvidence is not required in support of publicly known facts, facts known to the court and commonly accepted rules of experience.Art. 152 Right to evidence Each party is entitled to have the court accept the evidence that he or she offers in the required form and time. Illegally obtained evidence shall be considered only if there is an overriding interest in finding the truth.Art. 153 Taking of evidence ex officio The court takes evidence ex officio whenever it must ascertain the facts ex officio. It may take evidence ex officio if serious doubts exist as to the truth of an undisputed fact.Art. 154 Ruling on evidenceBefore evidence is taken, the court issues the necessary rulings. They indicate, in particular, the admissible evidence and, for each fact, which party has the burden of proof or counter-proof. Rulings on evidence may be changed or amended any time.Art. 155 Taking of evidence The taking of evidence may be delegated to one or more members of the court. A party may, for good cause, request that the evidence be taken by the court that decides the case. The parties have the right to participate in the taking of evidence.Art. 156 Safeguarding legitimate interestsThe court shall take appropriate measures to ensure that taking evidence does not infringe the legitimate interests of any parties or third party, such as business secrets.Art. 157 Free assessment of evidenceThe court forms its opinion based on its free assessment of the evidence taken.Art. 158 Precautionary taking of evidence The court shall take evidence at any time if:a. the law grants the right to do so; orb. the applicant shows credibly that the evidence is at risk or that it has a legitimate interest. The provisions regarding interim measures apply.Art. 159 Management bodies of a legal entityIf a legal entity is party to proceedings, its management bodies are deemed to be parties when taking evidence.Chapter 2 Duty to Cooperate and Right to RefuseSection 1 General ProvisionsArt. 160 Duty to cooperate Parties and third parties have a duty to cooperate in the taking of evidence. In particular, they have the duty:a. to make a truthful deposition as a party or a witness;b. to produce the physical records, with the exception of documents forming correspondence between a party or a third party and a lawyer who is entitled to act as a professional representative, or with a patent attorney as defined in Article 2 of the Patent Attorney Act of 20 March 2009;c. to allow an examination of their person or property by an expert. The court has free discretion to decide on the duty of minors to cooperate. It shall take account of the child's welfare. Third parties that are under a duty to cooperate are entitled to reasonable compensation. Amended by No I 4 of the FA of 28 Sept. 2012 on the Amendment of Procedural Provisions on Lawyers' Professional Secrecy, in force since 1 May 2013 (AS 2013 847; BBl 2011 8181). SR 935.62 Amended by Annex 2 No 3 of the FA of 19 Dec. 2008, in force since 1 Jan. 2013  (AS 2010 1739, 2011 725; BBl 2006 7221 7001).Art. 161 Advice The court shall advise the parties and third parties of their duty to cooperate, the right to refuse to cooperate and the consequences of default. The court may not consider the evidence taken if parties or third parties have not been advised of their right to refuse to cooperate unless the person concerned consents or his or her refusal would not have been justified.Art. 162 Justified refusal to cooperateThe court may not infer from a party's or third party's legitimate refusal to cooperate that the alleged fact is proven.Section 2 The Parties' Right to RefuseArt. 163 Right to refuse A party may refuse to cooperate if:a. the taking of evidence would expose a close associate as defined in Article 165 to criminal prosecution or civil liability;b. the disclosure of a secret would be an offence under Article 321 of the Swiss Criminal Code (SCC); the foregoing does not apply to auditors; Article 166 paragraph 1 letter b third subset applies by analogy. Other confidants entrusted with legally protected secrets may refuse to cooperate if they credibly demonstrate that the interest in keeping the secret outweighs the interest in finding the truth. SR 311.0Art. 164 Unjustified refusalIf a party refuses to cooperate without valid reasons, the court shall take this into account when appraising the evidence.Section 3 Third Parties' Right to RefuseArt. 165 Absolute right to refuse The following persons have the right to refuse to cooperate:a. any person who is or was married to or cohabits with a party;b. any person who has a child with a party;c. any person who is related to a party by birth or marriage in direct line or collaterally up to the third degree;d. the foster parents, foster children and foster siblings of a party;e. the person appointed guardian or deputy for a party. A registered partnership is deemed equivalent to marriage. Step-siblings are deemed equivalent to siblings. Amended by Annex 2 No 3 of the FA of 19 Dec. 2008, in force since 1 Jan. 2013  (AS 2010 1739, 2011 725; BBl 2006 7221 7001).Art. 166 Limited right to refuse Any third party may refuse to cooperate:a. in establishing facts that would expose him or her or a close associate as defined in Article 165 to criminal prosecution or civil liability;b. to the extent that the revelation of a secret would be an offence by virtue of Article 321 SCC; auditors excepted; however, with the exception of lawyers and clerics, third parties must cooperate if they are subject to a disclosure duty or if they have been released from duty of secrecy, unless they show credibly that the interest in keeping the secret takes precedence over the interest in finding the truth;c. in establishing facts that have been confided in him or her in his or her official capacity as public official as defined in Article 110 paragraph 3 SCC or as a member of a public authority, or facts that have come to his or her attention in exercising his or her office or while carrying out an auxiliary activity for a public official or an authority; he or she must cooperate if he or she is subject to a disclosure duty or if he or she has been authorised to testify by his or her superior authority;d. when asked to testify as an ombudsperson, marriage or family counsellor or mediator on facts that have come to his or her attention in the course of his or her activities;e. when asked in his or her capacity as professional or auxiliary person engaged in the publication of information in the editorial part of a periodical to reveal the identity of the author or the content or source of his or her information. The confidants of other legally protected secrets may refuse to cooperate if they show credibly that the interest in keeping the secret outweighs the interest in establishing the truth. The special provisions of social security law concerning the disclosure of data are reserved. SR 311.0 Amended by Annex 1 No 5 of the Information Security Act of 18 Dec. 2020, in force since 1 Jan. 2023 (AS 2022 232, 750; BBl 2017 2953). Amended by Annex No 2 of the FA of 20 March 2015 (Child Maintenance), in force since 1 Jan. 2017 (AS 2015 4299; BBl 2014 529).Art. 167 Unjustified refusal If a third party refuses to cooperate without justification, the court may:a. impose a disciplinary fine up to 1,000 francs;b. threaten sanctions under Article 292 SCC;c. order the use of compulsory measures;d. charge the third party the costs caused by the refusal. The default of a third party has the same consequences as refusing to cooperate without a valid reason. The third party may challenge the court's order by way of objection. SR 311.0Chapter 3 EvidenceSection 1 Admissible EvidenceArt. 168 The following evidence is admissible:a. testimony;b. physical records;c. inspection;d. expert opinion;e. written statements;f. questioning and statements of the parties. The provisions relating to matters of children in family law proceedings are reserved.Section 2 TestimonyArt. 169 Subject matterAny person who is not a party may testify on matters that he or she has directly witnessed.Art. 170 Summons Witnesses are summoned by the court. The court may allow the parties to bring along witnesses without a summons. A witness may be questioned at his or her place of residence. The parties must be notified thereof in advance.Art. 171 Form of statement A witness shall be cautioned as to the requirement to tell the truth before being questioned; if at least 14 years of age, the witness shall also be advised of the criminal consequences of perjury (Art. 307 SCC). The court shall question each witness individually with no other witnesses present; the foregoing is subject to the provisions on confrontation. The witness must testify without notes; the court may authorise the use of written documents. The court shall exclude witnesses from the remainder of the hearing as long as they have not been released from being a witness. SR 311.0Art. 172 Content of statement The court shall ask witnesses:a. to state their particulars;b. to describe their personal relationship with the parties and other circumstances that may be relevant to the credibility of their testimony;c. to state the facts of the case as they have observed them.Art. 173 Additional questionsThe parties may request that additional questions be put to the witness, or, with the consent of the court, they may themselves ask such questions.Art. 174 ConfrontationWitnesses may be confronted with each other or with the parties.Art. 175 Testimony of an expert witnessIf a witness has special expertise, the court may also ask him or her questions about his or her assessment of the facts of the case.Art. 176 Transcript The essential details of the statement shall be placed on record, which is then read out or given to the witness to read and thereafter signed by the witness. Additional questions requested by the parties that have been rejected are also recorded if a party so requests. In addition, the statement may be recorded on tape, by video or by other appropriate technical aids. If statements are recorded during a hearing using technical aids in accordance with 2, the court or the examining member of the court may dispense with reading the transcript back to the person examined and or giving that person the transcript to read and sign. The recordings are placed in the case files together with the transcript. Amended by No I 1 of the FA of 28 Sept. 2012 (Transcription Regulations), in force since 1 May 2013 (AS 2013 851; BBl 2012 5707 5719). Inserted by No I 1 of the FA of 28 Sept. 2012 (Transcription Regulations), in force since 1 May 2013 (AS 2013 851; BBl 2012 5707 5719).Section 3 Physical RecordsArt. 177 DefinitionThe following are considered to be physical records: papers, drawings, plans, photos, films, audio recordings, electronic files and the like that are suitable to prove legally significant facts.Art. 178 AuthenticityThe party invoking a physical record must prove its authenticity if this is disputed by the opposing party; the opposing party must give adequate grounds for disputing authenticity.Art. 179 Evidentiary force of public registers and official recordsPublic registers and official records are conclusive evidence of the facts stated therein, unless their content is proven to be incorrectArt. 180 Production of physical records A copy of the physical record may be produced in place of the original. The court or a party may request that the original or an officially certified copy be produced if there is justified doubt as to the authenticity of the physical record. If parts of a lengthy physical record are cited as evidence, those parts must be highlighted.Section 4 InspectionArt. 181 Procedure At the request of a party or ex officio, the court may conduct an inspection in order to see the facts for itself or for a better understanding of the case. The court may summon witnesses or experts to the inspection. The object of the inspection must be brought to court if it can be moved without difficulty.Art. 182 RecordA record must be kept of the inspection. If appropriate, the record shall include plans, drawings, photographs and other technical resources.Section 5 Expert OpinionArt. 183 Principles At the request of a party or ex officio, the court may obtain an opinion from one or more experts. The court must hear the parties first. The same grounds apply for the recusal of experts as apply to judges and judicial officers. If the court relies on the special expertise of one of its members, it must inform the parties so that they may comment.Art. 184 Rights and obligations of the expert The expert must tell the truth and must submit his or her opinion within the set deadline. The court shall caution the expert as to the criminal consequences of perjury by an expert witness in terms of Article 307 SCC and of a breach of official secrecy under Article 320 SCC as well as the consequences of default or failure to perform the mandate adequately. The expert is entitled to a fee. The decision of the court on the fee may be challenged by way of objection. SR 311.0Art. 185 Mandate The court shall instruct the expert and shall submit the relevant questions to him, either in writing or orally at the hearing. The court shall give the parties the opportunity to respond to the questions to be put to the expert and to propose that they be modified or supplemented. The court shall provide the expert with the necessary files and set a deadline for submitting the opinion.Art. 186 Enquiries by the expert With the authorisation of the court, the expert may carry out his or her own enquiries. He or she must disclose the results of the enquiries in the opinion. At the request of a party or ex officio, the court may order that the expert's enquiries be carried out again in accordance with the rules on taking evidence.Art. 187 Submission of the opinion The court may order that the expert submits his or her opinion in writing or presents it orally. It may also summon the expert to the hearing in order to explain his or her written opinion. An orally presented opinion must be placed on record in accordance with Article 176. If two or more experts have been mandated, each one shall submit a separate opinion, unless the court decides otherwise. The court shall give the parties the opportunity to ask for explanations or to put additional questions.Art. 188 Default and inadequate performance If the expert does not submit his or her opinion on time, the court may revoke the mandate and instruct another expert. If an opinion is incomplete, unclear or insufficiently reasoned, the court may at the request of a party or ex officio order that the opinion be completed or explained, or it may call in another expert.Art. 189 Arbitrator's opinion The parties may agree to obtain an arbitrator's opinion on the matters in dispute. Article 17 paragraph 2 governs the form of the agreement. The court is bound by the arbitrator's opinion with regard to the facts established therein provided:a. the parties are free to dispose of the legal relationship;b. no grounds for recusal existed against the expert arbitrator; andc. the opinion has been stated in an impartial manner and is not manifestly incorrect.Section 6 Written InformationArt. 190 The court may obtain information in writing from official authorities. It may obtain information in writing from private persons if the formal examination of a witness seems unnecessary.Section 7 Examination of the Parties and Giving EvidenceArt. 191 Examination of the parties The court may question one or both parties on the relevant facts of the case. Before the examination, the parties shall be cautioned that they must tell the truth and advised that if they wilfully lie, they may be liable to a disciplinary fine not exceeding 2,000 francs or, in the event of repeated lying, not exceeding 5,000 francs.Art. 192 Giving evidence The court may ex officio order one or both parties to give evidence subject to criminal penalties for failure to do so. Before giving evidence, the parties shall be cautioned that they must tell the truth and advised of the criminal consequences of perjury (Art. 306 SCC). SR 311.0Art. 193 RecordArticle 176 applies by analogy to the record of the examination of the parties and the evidence given.Title 11 Mutual Assistance between Swiss CourtsArt. 194 Principle Courts are obliged to provide mutual assistance. They shall correspond directly with each other. The Swiss judicial authority with geographical jurisdiction for mutual assistance requests can be ascertained via the following website: www.elorge.admin.chArt. 195 Procedural acts in another cantonAny court may carry out necessary procedural acts directly in another canton; in particular, it may hold hearings and take evidence there.Art. 196 Mutual assistance The court may request mutual assistance. The request may be made in the official language of either the requesting or the requested court. The requested court shall notify the requesting court and the parties of the place and time of the procedural act. The requested court may demand the reimbursement of its outlays.Part 2 Special ProvisionsTitle 1 Attempt at ConciliationChapter 1 Scope of Application and Conciliation AuthorityArt. 197 PrincipleLitigation shall be preceded by an attempt at conciliation before a conciliation authority.Art. 198 ExceptionsConciliation proceedings are not held:a.in summary proceedings;a. in proceedings on violence, threats or harassment pursuant to Article 28b CC or on electronic monitoring pursuant to Article 28c CC;b. in proceedings on civil status;b. in proceedings on child maintenance and other child-related issues if a parent has requested the child protection authority to intervene before the proceedings (Art. 298b and 298d CC);c. in divorce proceedings;d. in proceedings for the dissolution or annulment of a registered partnership;e. for the following actions arising from the DEBA:1. action for release from a debt (Art. 83 para. 2 DEBA),2. action for a declaratory judgment (Art. 85a DEBA),3. third party action (Art. 106-109 DEBA),4. action for participation (Art. 111 DEBA),5. third party actions and actions by the bankrupt estate (Art. 242 DEBA),6. action to challenge the schedule of claims (Art. 148 and 250 DEBA),7. action to ascertain new assets (Art. 265a DEBA),8. action for the recovery of items that are subject to the right of retention (Art. 284 DEBA);f. in disputes for which a court of sole cantonal instance has jurisdiction pursuant to Articles 5 and 6;g. for principal intervention, counterclaim and third-party actions;h. if the court has set a deadline for filing the action. Inserted by No I 2 of the FA of 14 Dec. 2018 on Improving the Protection of Persons Affected by Violence, in force since 1 July 2020 (AS 2019 2273; BBl 2017 7307). SR 210 Inserted by Annex No 2 of the FA of 20 March 2015 (Child Maintenance), in force since 1 Jan. 2017 (AS 2015 4299; BBl 2014 529). SR 210 Amended by No II of the FA of 25 Sept. 2015 (Professional Representation in Enforcement Proceedings), in force since 1 Jan. 2018 (AS 2016 3643; BBl 2014 8669). SR 281.1Art. 199 Waiver of conciliation In financial disputes with a value in dispute of at least 100,000 francs, the parties may mutually agree to waive any attempt at conciliation. The plaintiff may unilaterally waive conciliation:a. if the defendant's registered office or domicile is abroad;b. if the defendant's residence is unknown;c. in disputes under the Gender Equality Act of 24 March 1995. SR 151.1Art. 200 Joint conciliation authorities In disputes relating to the tenancy and lease of residential and business property, the conciliation authority shall comprise a chairperson and an equal number of representatives of each of the parties. In disputes under the Gender Equality Act of 24 March 1995, the conciliation authority shall comprise a chairperson and an equal number of representatives of the employer and employee and of the public and private sectors; the genders must be equally represented.  SR 151.1Art. 201 Tasks of the conciliation authority The conciliation authority shall attempt to reconcile the parties in an informal manner. If it helps to resolve the dispute, a settlement may also include contentious matters that are not part of the proceedings. In the disputes mentioned in Article 200, the conciliation authority also provides legal advice to the parties.Chapter 2 Conciliation ProceedingsArt. 202 Initiation Proceedings are initiated by an application for conciliation. The application may be filed in the forms provided for by Article 130 or orally for the record before the conciliation authority. The application for conciliation must identify the opposing party and include the prayers for relief and a description of the matter in dispute. The conciliation authority shall serve the opposing party with the application immediately and at the same time summon the parties to a hearing. In the disputes mentioned in Article 200, it may as an exception order the exchange of written submissions if it is considering a proposed judgment under Article 210 or a decision under Article 212.Art. 203 Hearing The hearing must take place within two months of receipt of the application or the end of the exchange of written submissions. The conciliation authority shall consider the physical records presented to it and may conduct an inspection. If it is considering a proposed judgment under Article 210 or a decision under Article 212, it may also take other evidence unless this will substantially delay the proceedings. The hearing is not public. In the disputes mentioned in Article 200, the conciliation authority may allow full or partial public access to the hearings if there is a public interest. With the consent of the parties, the conciliation authority may hold additional hearings. The duration of the proceedings must not exceed twelve months.Art. 204 Personal appearance The parties must appear in person at the conciliation hearing. They may be accompanied by legal agent or a confidant. The following persons are exempt from appearing in person and may send a representative:a. persons domiciled outside the canton or abroad;b. persons prevented from appearing due to illness or age or for other good cause;c. in the disputes mentioned in Article 243, an employee as the delegate of the employer or insurer and the property manager as delegate of the landlord, provided the persons so delegated are authorised in writing to conclude a settlement. The opposing party must be notified in advance of the representation.Art. 205 Confidentiality of proceedings The statements of the parties may not be recorded or used subsequently in court proceedings. The use of the statements in the case of a proposed judgment or a decision by the conciliation authority is reserved.Art. 206 Default If the plaintiff is in default, the application for conciliation is deemed to have been withdrawn; the proceedings shall be dismissed as groundless. If the defendant is in default, the conciliation authority shall proceed as if no agreement has been achieved (Art. 209–212). If both parties are in default, the proceedings shall be dismissed as groundless.Art. 207 Costs of conciliation proceedings The costs of the conciliation proceedings are charged to the plaintiff:a. if the application is withdrawn;b. if the proceedings are dismissed due to default;c. if an authorisation to proceed is granted. If an action is filed, the costs of the conciliation proceedings become part of the action.Chapter 3 Agreement and Authorisation to ProceedArt. 208 Agreement between the parties If an agreement is reached, the conciliation authority shall place on record the terms of the settlement, the acceptance of the claim or the unconditional withdrawal of the action, and have the record signed by the parties. Each party receives a copy of the record. The settlement, acceptance or unconditional withdrawal shall have the effect of a binding decision.Art. 209 Authorisation to proceed If no agreement is reached, the conciliation authority records this fact and grants authorisation to proceed:a. to the landlord in cases where a rent increase is challenged;b. to the plaintiff in all other cases. The authorisation to proceed contains:a. the names and addresses of the parties and their representatives, if any;b. the plaintiff's prayers for relief, a description of the matter in dispute, and any counterclaim;c. the date of the initiation of the conciliation proceedings;d. the decision on the costs of the conciliation proceedings;e. the date of the authorisation to proceed;f. the seal of the conciliation authority. The plaintiff is entitled to file the action in court within three months of authorisation to proceed being granted.  The deadline is 30 days in disputes over the tenancy and lease of residential and business property or the lease of agricultural property. Other statutory or judicial filing deadlines are reserved.Chapter 4 Proposed Judgment and DecisionArt. 210 Proposed judgment The conciliation authority may submit a proposed judgment to the parties:a. in disputes under the Gender Equality Act of 24 March 1995;b. in disputes relating to the tenancy and lease of residential and business property or the lease of agricultural property if they concern the deposit of rent, protection against abusive rent, protection against termination, or the extension of the rental relationship;c. in other financial disputes, if the value in dispute does not exceed 5,000 francs. The proposed judgment may contain a short statement of grounds; otherwise, Article 238 applies by analogy. SR 151.1Art. 211 Effects The proposed judgment is deemed to be accepted and has the effect of a binding decision if none of the parties rejects it within 20 days of written notification to the parties. The rejection needs no statement of grounds. After receiving the rejection, the conciliation authority shall grant authorisation to proceed:a. to the rejecting party in matters under Article 210 paragraph 1 letter b;b. to the plaintiff in all other cases. If in matters under Article 210 paragraph 1 letter b the action is not filed in time, the proposed judgment is deemed to be accepted and has the effect of a binding decision. The parties must be advised in the proposed judgment of its effects in accordance with paragraphs 1 to 3 above.Art. 212 Decision In financial disputes with a value in dispute not exceeding 2,000 francs, the conciliation authority may render a decision on the merits if the plaintiff so requests. The proceedings are oral.Title 2 MediationArt. 213 Mediation instead of conciliation If all the parties so request, the conciliation proceedings shall be replaced by mediation. The request must be made in the application for conciliation or at the conciliation hearing. The conciliation authority shall grant authorisation to proceed if it is notified by one of the parties that mediation has failed.Art. 214 Mediation during court proceedings The court may recommend mediation to the parties at any time. The parties may at any time make a joint request for mediation. The court proceedings remain suspended until the request is withdrawn by one of the parties or until the court is notified of the end of the mediation.Art. 215 Organisation and conduct of mediationThe parties are responsible for organising and conducting the mediation.Art. 216 Relationship with court proceedings Mediation proceedings are confidential and kept separate from the conciliation authority and the court. The statements of the parties may not be used in court proceedings.Art. 217 Approval of an agreementThe parties may jointly request that the agreement reached through mediation be approved. An approved agreement has the same effect as a legally binding decision.Art. 218 Costs of mediation The parties shall bear the costs of mediation. In matters of child law, the parties are entitled to cost-free mediation if:a. they do not have the necessary financial resources; andb. the court recommends mediation. Cantonal law may provide for further exemptions from costs. Amended by Annex No 2 of the FA of 20 March 2015 (Child Maintenance), in force since 1 Jan. 2017 (AS 2015 4299; BBl 2014 529).Title 3 Ordinary ProceedingsChapter 1 Scope of ApplicationArt. 219The provisions of this Title apply to ordinary proceedings and, by analogy, to all other proceedings, unless the law provides otherwise.Chapter 2 Exchange of Written Submissions and Preparation for the Main Hearing Art. 220 InitiationThe ordinary proceedings are initiated by filing the statement of claim.Art. 221 Statement of claim The statement of claim contains:a. the designation of the parties and their representatives, if any;b. the prayers for relief;c. a statement of the value in dispute;d. the allegations of fact;e. notice of the evidence offered for each allegation of fact;f. the date and signature. The following must be filed together with the statement of claim:a. a power of attorney where a party is represented;b. the authorisation to proceed or the declaration that conciliation is being waived, if applicable;c. the available physical records to be offered in evidence;d. a list of the evidence offered. The statement of claim may include a statement of legal grounds.Art. 222 Statement of defence The court shall serve the defendant with the statement of claim and at the same time set a deadline for filing a written statement of defence. Article 221 applies to the statement of defence by analogy. The defendant must state therein which of the plaintiff's factual allegations are accepted and which are disputed. The court may order that the statement of defence be limited to specific issues or prayers (Art. 125). It shall serve the plaintiff with the statement of defence.Art. 223 Failure to file a statement of defence If the statement of defence is not filed within the deadline, the court shall allow the defendant a short period of grace. If the statement of defence is not filed by the end of the period of grace, the court shall make a final decision provided the court is in a position to make a decision. Otherwise, it shall summon the parties to the main hearing.Art. 224 Counterclaim The defendant may file a counterclaim in the statement of defence if the claim made by the defendant is subject to the same type of procedure as the main action. If the value of the counterclaim exceeds the material jurisdiction of the court, the court shall transfer both claims to the court with greater material jurisdiction. If a counterclaim is filed, the court shall set a deadline for the plaintiff to file a written defence. The plaintiff may not answer the counterclaim with a counterclaim.Art. 225 Second exchange of written submissionsThe court shall order a second exchange of written submissions if the circumstances so require.Art. 226 Instruction hearing  The court may hold instruction hearings at any time during the proceedings. Instruction hearings are held to discuss the matter in dispute in an informal manner, to complete the facts, to attempt to reach an agreement and to prepare for the main hearing. The court may take evidence.Art. 227 Amendment of the statement of claim An amendment of the statement of claim is admissible if the new or amended claim is subject to the same type of procedure and:a. a factual connection exists between the new or amended claim and the original claim; orb. if the opposing party consents to the amendment of the statement of claim. If the value of the amended action exceeds the material jurisdiction of the court, the court shall transfer the case to a court with greater material jurisdiction. A limitation of the action is permitted at any time; the seised court retains jurisdiction. Chapter 3 Main Hearing Art. 228 Opening party submissions Following the opening of the main hearing, the parties shall present their applications and state the grounds therefor. The court shall give them the opportunity to make a reply and rejoinder.Art. 229 New facts and evidence New facts and new evidence are admissible at the main hearings only if presented immediately and:a. if they occurred after the exchange of written submissions or after the last instruction hearing (proper nova); orb. if they existed before the close of the exchange of written submissions or before the last instruction hearing but could not have been submitted despite reasonable diligence (improper nova). If there was neither a second round of written submissions nor an instruction hearing, new facts and new evidence may be submitted without limitation at the beginning of the main hearing. Where the court must establish the facts ex officio, new facts and new evidence are admitted until the court begins its deliberations. Amended by No II of the FA of 25 Sept. 2015 (Professional Representation in Enforcement Proceedings), in force since 1 Jan. 2018 (AS 2016 3643; BBl 2014 8669).Art. 230 Amendment of the statement of claim An amendment of the statement of claim at the main hearings is admissible only if:a. the conditions under Article 227 paragraph 1 are fulfilled; andb. the amendment is based on new facts or new evidence. Article 227 paragraphs 2 and 3 apply. Amended by No II of the FA of 25 Sept. 2015 (Professional Representation in Enforcement Proceedings), in force since 1 Jan. 2018 (AS 2016 3643; BBl 2014 8669).Art. 231 Taking of evidenceAfter the party submissions, the court takes the evidence.Art. 232 Closing submissions After the evidence is taken, the parties may comment on the result of the evidence and on the merits of the case. The plaintiff speaks first. The court shall allow the parties the opportunity for a second round of submissions. The parties may jointly dispense with oral closing submissions and request the submission of written party submissions. The court shall set a deadline for the same.Art. 233 Dispensing with the main hearing The parties may jointly agree to dispense with the main hearing.Art. 234 Failure to attend the main hearing In the event that a party fails to attend the main hearing, the court shall consider the submissions made in accordance with this Code. Moreover, and subject to Article 153, it may rely on the representations of the party present and on the information on file. If both parties fail to attend, the proceedings are dismissed as groundless. The court costs are shared equally between the parties.Chapter 4 RecordsArt. 235 The court keeps a record of each hearing. This includes in particular:a. the place and time of the hearing;b. the composition of the court;c. the presence of the parties and their representatives;d. the prayers for relief, applications and declarations made on record by the parties;e. the court's rulings;f. the signature of the clerk. Statements relating to the facts of the case are placed on record unless they are already included in their written submissions. In addition, they may be recorded on tape, by video, or by other appropriate technical means. The court decides on applications for rectification of the record.Chapter 5 DecisionArt. 236 Final decision If the court is in a position to make a decision, it shall close the proceedings by deciding not to consider the merits or by making a decision on the merits. The court decides by majority. At the request of the successful party, the court shall order enforcement measures.Art. 237 Interim decision The court may issue an interim decision if a higher court could issue a contrary decision that would put an immediate end to the proceedings and thereby allow a substantial saving of time or costs. The interim decision may be challenged separately; it may not be challenged later together with the final decision.Art. 238 ContentThe decision contains:a. the designation and the composition of the court;b the place and date of the decision;c. the designation of the parties and their representatives;d. the conclusions;e. the persons and authorities to be served with the decision;f. instructions on appellate remedies unless the parties have waived their right to seek the same;g. the grounds for the decision, if applicable;h. the seal of the court.Art. 239 Notice to the parties and statement of grounds The court may give notice of the decision to the parties without providing a written statement of the grounds:a. at the main hearing, by handing over the written conclusions to the parties and giving an oral summary of the grounds;b. by serving the parties with the conclusions. A written statement of the grounds must be provided if one of the parties so requests within 10 days of the notice being given of the decision. If no statement of grounds is requested, the parties are deemed to have waived their right to challenge the decision by appeal or objection. The above is subject to the provisions of the Federal Supreme Court Act of 17 June 2005 on notice of decisions that may be referred to the Federal Supreme Court. SR 173.110Art. 240 Notice and publication of the decisionIf so provided by the law or if it serves enforcement, the decision shall be published or notice shall be given to the authorities and third parties concerned.Chapter 6 Close of Proceedings without DecisionArt. 241 Settlement, acceptance, withdrawal If notice of a settlement, acceptance of the claim or withdrawal of the action is placed on record in court, the parties must sign the record. A settlement, acceptance of the claim or withdrawal of the action has the same effect as a binding decision. The court shall dismiss the proceedings.Art. 242 Proceedings made groundless for other reasonsIf for any other reasons the proceedings end without a decision, the proceedings shall be dismissed.Title 4 Simplified ProceedingsArt. 243 Scope of application Simplified proceedings apply in financial disputes with a value in dispute not exceeding 30,000 francs. They apply regardless of the amount in dispute in the case of:a. disputes under the Gender Equality Act of 24 March 1995;b. disputes concerning violence, threats or stalking pursuant to Article 28b CC or concerning electronic monitoring pursuant to Article 28c CC;c. disputes concerning the tenancy and lease of residential and business property or the lease of agricultural property if they concern the deposit of rent, protection against abusive rent, protection against termination, or the extension of the rental relationship;d. disputes concerning the right of access to personal data under Article 25 FADP; e. disputes concerning the Participation Act of 17 December 1993;f. disputes concerning insurance supplementary to the social health insurance under the Federal Act of 18 March 1994 on Health Insurance. The simplified proceedings do not apply to disputes before the court of sole cantonal instance in accordance with Articles 5 and 8 and before the Commercial Court in accordance with Article 6. Amended by No I 2 of the FA of 14 Dec. 2018 on Improving the Protection of Persons Affected by Violence, in force since 1 July 2020 (AS 2019 2273; BBl 2017 7307). SR 151.1 Amended by No I 2 of the FA of 14 Dec. 2018 on Improving the Protection of Persons Affected by Violence, in force since 1 July 2020 (AS 2019 2273; BBl 2017 7307). SR 210 Amended by Annex 1 No II of the Data Protection Act of 25 Sept. 2020, in force since 1 Sept. 2023 (AS 2022 491; BBl 2017 6941). SR 235.1 SR 822.14 SR 832.10Art. 244 Simplified statement of claim The statement of claim may be filed in the forms provided for by Article 130 or orally on record before the court. It shall contain:a. the designation of the parties;b. the prayers for relief;c. a description of the matter in dispute;d. a statement of the value in dispute, if necessary;e. the date and signature. A statement of the grounds for the claim is not necessary. The following must be filed together with the statement of claim:a. a power of attorney in case of representation;b. the authorisation to proceed or the declaration that conciliation has been waived;c. the available physical records.Art. 245 Summons to a hearing and statement of defence If no grounds are stated for the action, the court shall serve the defendant with the statement of claim and summon the parties to a hearing. If the grounds for the action are stated, the court shall first set a deadline for the defendant to file a written response to the claim.Art. 246 Procedural rulings The court shall make the required procedural rulings so that if possible the matter may be concluded at the first hearing. If the circumstances so require, the court may order an exchange of written submissions and hold instruction hearings.Art. 247 Establishment of facts By asking the appropriate questions, the court shall cause the parties to complete inadequate submissions and to designate the evidence. In the following cases, the court shall establish the facts ex officio:a. in matters under Article 243 paragraph 2;b. if the value in dispute does not exceed 30,000 francs:1. in other disputes concerning the tenancy and lease of residential and business property or the lease of agricultural property,2. in other employment law disputes.Title 5 Summary ProceedingsChapter 1 Scope of ApplicationArt. 248 PrincipleSummary proceedings may be brought:a. in the cases designated by law;b. for legal protection in clear cases;c. for court injunctions;d. for interim measures;e. for non-contentious matters.Art. 249 Civil CodeSummary proceedings may be brought in particular in the following cases:a. Law of persons:1. fixing a time limit for legal transactions by minors or persons subject to a general deputyship (Art. 19a CC),2. right of reply (Art. 28l CC),3. declaration of presumed death (Art. 35–38 CC),4. rectification of the civil status registry (Art. 42 CC);b. ...c. Law of succession:1. acceptance of an oral will (Art. 507 CC),2. provision of security when inheriting from a person presumed dead (Art. 546 CC),3. deferring the division of the estate and ordering measures to secure the claims of the co-heirs towards an insolvent heir (Art. 604 para. 2 and 3 CC);d. Property law:1. measures to preserve the value and the serviceability of an object in joint property (Art. 647 para. 2 no. 1 CC),2. registration of real titles in case of extraordinary adverse possession (Art. 662 CC),3. dismissal of an objection to the disposal of a condominium unit (Art. 712c para. 3 CC),4. appointment and removal of the condominium administrator (Art. 712q and 712r CC),5. provisional registration of statutory mortgages (Art. 712i, 712d, 779k and 837–839 CC),6. setting a deadline to provide security and order the dispossession in case of usufruct (Art. 760 and 762 CC),7. ordering the liquidation of debts in a usufructuary estate (Art. 766 CC),8. measures in favour of the creditor to protect the value of the real estate security interest (Art. 808 para. 1 and 2 and Art. 809–811 CC),9. appointing an authorised agent on the issue of a mortgage certificate (Art. 850 para. 3 CC),10. cancellation of a mortgage certificate (Art. 856 and 865 CC),11. noting of restrictions on powers of disposal and provisional entries in disputed cases (Art. 960 para. 1 sec. 1, 961 para. 1 sec. 1 and 966 para. 2 CC). Amended by Annex 2 No 3 of the FA of 19 Dec. 2008, in force since 1 Jan. 2013  (AS 2010 1739, 2011 725; BBl 2006 7221 7001). SR 210 Repealed by Annex 2 No 3 of the FA of 19 Dec. 2008, with effect from 1 Jan. 2013  (AS 2010 1739, 2011 725; BBl 2006 7221 7001). Amended by No II 3 of the FA of 11 Dec. 2009 (Register Mortgage Certificate and other amendments to Property Law), in force since 1 Jan. 2012 (AS 2011 4637; BBl 2007 5283). Amended by No II 3 of the FA of 11 Dec. 2009 (Register Mortgage Certificate and other amendments to Property Law), in force since 1 Jan. 2012 (AS 2011 4637; BBl 2007 5283).Art. 250 Code of ObligationsSummary proceedings may be brought in particular in the following cases:a. General provisions:1. deposit of an expired power of attorney with the court (Art. 36 para. 1 CO),2. setting a reasonable deadline to provide security (Art. 83 para. 2 CO),3. deposit and sale of an object for the event of an obligee's default (Art. 92 para. 2 and 93 para. 2 CO),4. authorisation for performance by a third party (Art. 98 CO),5. setting a time limit to perform a contract (Art. 107 para. 1 CO),6. deposit of an amount in dispute (Art. 168 para. 1 CO);b. Specific contracts:1. designation of an expert to verify the calculation of the profit share or commissions (Art. 322a para. 2 and 322c para. 2 CO),2. setting a deadline to provide security in the event that a salary is at risk (Art. 337a CO),3. setting a time limit in the case of non-contractual performance of work (Art. 366 para. 2 CO),4. appointment of an expert to inspect the work (Art. 367 CO),5. setting a time limit for the publication of a new edition of a literary or artistic work (Art. 383 para. 3 CO),6. return of an object held by an official receiver (Art. 480 CO),7. assessing the extent of cover by pledge in the case of joint and several surety (Art. 496 para. 2 CO),8. abandonment of debt enforcement proceedings against the guarantor furnishing real security (Art. 501 para. 2 CO),9. provision of security by the principal debtor and release from liability (Art. 506 CO);c. Company law and the commercial register:1. provisional withdrawal of the authority to represent (Art 565 para. 2, 603 and 767 para. 1 CO),2. appointment of a joint representative (Art. 690 para. 1, 764 para. 2, 792 sec. 1 and 847 para. 4 CO),3. appointment, dismissal and replacement of liquidators (Art. 583 para. 2, 619, 740, 741, 770, 826 para. 2 and 913 CO),4. sale at an overall sale price and modalities of sale of immovable property (Art. 585 para. 3 and 619 CO),5. appointment of an expert to verify the profit and loss account and the balance sheet of the limited partnership (Art. 600 para. 3 CO),6. allowing a period of time in the case of insufficient number of members or lack of corporate bodies (Art. 731b, 819, 908 and 941a CO),7. ordering the disclosure of information to creditors, shareholders and members of a limited liability company and to members of a cooperative (Art. 697b, 802 para. 4, 857 para. 3 and 958e CO),8. a special investigation (Art. 697c–697h CO),9. convening a general meeting, putting an item on the agenda, tabling motions with short explanations in the invitation to the general meeting (Art. 699 para. 5, 699b para. 4, 805 para. 5 nos 2 and 3 and 881 para. 3 CO),10. designation of a representative of the company or the cooperative in the event of a resolution of the general meeting being challenged by the management (Art. 706a para. 2, 808c and 891 para. 1 CO),11. appointment and removal of the auditors (Art. 731b, 819 and 908 CO),12. deposit of amounts of claims in case of liquidation (Art. 744, 770, 826 para. 2 and 913 CO),13. removal of the directors and auditors of a cooperative (Art. 890 para. 2 CO),14. reinstatement of a deleted legal entity in the commercial register (Art. 935 CO),15. ordering the dissolution of the company and its liquidation in accordance with the provisions on bankruptcy (Art. 731b, 819 und 908 CO);d. Securities law:1. cancellation of securities (Art. 981 CO),2. prohibition of paying a bill of exchange and deposit of the amount payable under the bill (Art. 1072 CO),3. lapse of the authority conferred by the creditors meeting on the representative of the community of creditors (Art. 1162 para. 4 CO),4. convening a creditors meeting on the application by the bond creditors (Art. 1165 para. 3 and 4 CO). SR 220 Corrected by the Federal Assembly Drafting Committee (Art. 58 para. 1 ParlA –  SR 171.10). Amended by Annex No 2 of the FA of 17 March 2017 (Commercial Register Law), in force since 1 Jan. 2021 (AS 2020 957; BBl 2015 3617). Amended by No II of the FA of 25 Sept. 2015 (Professional Representation in Enforcement Proceedings), in force since 1 Jan. 2018 (AS 2016 3643; BBl 2014 8669). Amended by Annex No 3 of the FA of 19 June 2020 (Company Law), in force since  1 Jan. 2023 (AS 2020 4005; 2022 109; BBl 2017 399). Amended by Annex No 3 of the FA of 19 June 2020 (Company Law), in force since  1 Jan. 2023 (AS 2020 4005; 2022 109; BBl 2017 399). Amended by Annex No 3 of the FA of 19 June 2020 (Company Law), in force since  1 Jan. 2023 (AS 2020 4005; 2022 109; BBl 2017 399). Amended by Annex No 3 of the FA of 19 June 2020 (Company Law), in force since  1 Jan. 2023 (AS 2020 4005; 2022 109; BBl 2017 399). Amended by Annex No 3 of the FA of 19 June 2020 (Company Law), in force since  1 Jan. 2023 (AS 2020 4005; 2022 109; BBl 2017 399). Amended by No II of the FA of 25 Sept. 2015 (Professional Representation in Enforcement Proceedings), in force since 1 Jan. 2018 (AS 2016 3643; BBl 2014 8669). Inserted by Annex No 2 of the FA of 17 March 2017 (Commercial Register Law), in force since 1 Jan. 2021 (AS 2020 957; BBl 2015 3617). Inserted by Annex No 3 of the FA of 19 June 2020 (Company Law), in force since  1 Jan. 2023 (AS 2020 4005; 2022 109, 110; BBl 2017 399).Art. 251 Debt Enforcement and Bankruptcy Act of 11 April 1889Summary proceedings may be brought in particular in the following cases:a. decisions made in matters of clearance to proceed, bankruptcy, attachment and composition;b. admission of a belated objection (Art. 77 para. 3 DEBA) and of the objection in the enforcement of bills of exchange (Art. 181 DEBA);c. revocation or suspension of the debt collection proceedings (Art. 85 DEBA);d. decision on the existence of new assets (Art. 265a para. 1–3 DEBA);e. ordering the separation of property (Art. 68b DEBA). SR 281.1Art. 251a Federal Act of 18 December 1987 on Private International LawSummary proceedings may be brought in particular in the following cases:a. appointing and replacing members of an arbitral tribunal (Art. 179 para. 2–5 PILA);b. challenging and removing a member of an arbitral tribunal (Art. 180a para. 2 and Art. 180b para. 2 PILA);c. obtaining assistance from the state court in enforcing interim measures (Art. 183 para. 2 PILA) and in taking evidence (Art. 184 para. 2 PILA);d. obtaining other forms of assistance from the state court in the arbitration proceedings (Art. 185 PILA);e. obtaining assistance from the state court in the case of foreign arbitration proceedings (Art. 185a PILA);f. depositing the award and certifying its enforceability (Art. 193 PILA);g. acknowledging and executing foreign awards (Art. 194 PILA). Inserted by Annex No 2 of the FA of 19 June 2020, in force since 1 Jan. 2021  (AS 2020 4179; BBl 2018 7163). SR 291Chapter 2 Procedure and DecisionArt. 252 Application An application must be made to initiate proceedings. The application must be filed in accordance with Article 130; in simple or urgent cases, it may be filed orally on record.Art. 253 AnswerIf the request does not seem obviously inadmissible or unfounded, the court shall give the opposing party the opportunity to comment orally or in writing.Art. 254 Evidence Evidence must be provided in the form of physical records. Other evidence is admissible in the following cases:a. if the taking of evidence does not substantially delay the proceedings;b. if required by the purpose of the proceedings; orc. if the court must establish the facts ex officio.Art. 255 Principle of ex-officio investigationThe court establishes the facts ex officio:a. in matters of bankruptcy and composition;b. in non-contentious matters.Art. 256 Decision The court may dispense with a hearing and decide on the basis of the case files, unless the law provides otherwise. If an order in a non-contentious matter retrospectively proves incorrect, it may be cancelled or modified ex officio or on request, provided this does not conflict with the law or the principle of legal certainty.Chapter 3 Clear CasesArt. 257 The court shall declare the case admissible under the summary procedure where:a. the facts are undisputed or immediately provable; andb. the legal situation is clear. The case is subject to the principle of ex-officio assessment. If the case is not admissible under the foregoing procedure, the court does not consider the case.Chapter 4 Court InjunctionArt. 258 Principle Any person who holds title to immovable property may request the court to prohibit any trespass on the property and, on request, to impose a fine not exceeding 2,000 francs on any person who violates the injunction. The injunction may be temporary or indefinite. The applicant must prove his or her real title by means of physical records and credibly show a current or imminent trespass.Art. 259 NoticeNotice of the injunction must be published and affixed to the property in an easily visible sign.Art. 260 Opposition Any person who is not prepared to recognise the injunction may file an opposition with the court within 30 days of notice thereof being given by publication and at the property. The opposition needs no statement of grounds. Opposition renders the injunction ineffective towards the opposing person. In order to validate the injunction, an action must be filed in court.Chapter 5 Interim Measures and Protective LetterSection 1 Interim MeasuresArt. 261 Principle The court shall order the interim measures required provided the applicant shows credibly that:a. a right to which he or she is entitled has been violated or a violation is anticipated; andb. the violation threatens to cause not easily reparable harm to the applicant. The court may refrain from ordering interim measures if the opposing party provides appropriate security.Art. 262 Subject matterThe court may order any interim measure suitable to prevent the imminent harm, in particular:a. an injunction;b. an order to remedy an unlawful situation;c. an order to a register authority or to a third party;d. performance in kind;e. the payment of a sum of money in the cases provided by the law.Art. 263 Measures ordered before the action becomes pendingIf the principal action is not yet pending, the court shall set a deadline within which the applicant must file his or her action, subject to the ordered measure becoming automatically ineffective in the event of default.Art. 264 Security and damages The court may make the interim measure conditional on the payment of security by the applicant if it is anticipated that the measures may cause loss or damage to the opposing party. The applicant is liable for any loss or damage caused by unjustified interim measures. If the applicant proves, however, that he or she applied for the measures in good faith, the court may reduce the damages or entirely release the applicant from liability. The security must be released once it is established that no action for damages will be filed; in case of uncertainty, the court shall set a deadline for filing the action.Art. 265 Ex-parte interim measures  In cases of special urgency, and in particular where there is a risk that the enforcement of the measure will be frustrated, the court may order the interim measure immediately and without hearing the opposing party. At the same time, the court shall summon the parties to a hearing, which must take place immediately, or set a deadline for the opposing party to comment in writing. Having heard the opposing party, the court shall decide on the application immediately. Before ordering interim measures, the court may ex officio order the applicant to provide security.Art. 266 Measures against the mediaThe court may order interim measures against periodically published media only if:a. the imminent violation of rights may cause the applicant a particularly serious disadvantage;b. the violation is obviously not justified; andc. the measure does not seem disproportionate.Art. 267 EnforcementThe court that orders the interim measure shall also take the required enforcement measures.Art. 268 Modification and revocation The interim measures may be modified or revoked if the circumstances have changed or if the measures have proven unjustified. The measures become automatically ineffective when the decision on the merits comes into force. The court may order their continuation if it serves the enforcement of the decision or if the law so provides.Art. 269 ReservationThe following provisions are reserved:a. the provisions of the DEBA on protective measures when enforcing monetary claims;b. the provisions of the CC on protective measures in succession;c. the provisions of the Patents Act of 25 June 1954 on the action relating to the granting of a licence. SR 281.1 SR 210 SR 232.14Section 2 Protective Letter Art. 270 Any person who has reason to believe that an ex-parte interim measure, an attachment under Articles 271–281 DEBA or any other measure against him or her will be applied for without prior hearing, may set out his or her position in advance by filing a protective letter. The opposing party shall be served with the protective letter only if he or she initiates the relevant proceedings. The protective letter becomes ineffective six months after it is filed. SR 281.1 Amended by Art. 3 No 1 of the FD of 11 Dec. 2009 (Adoption and Implementation of the Lugano Convention), in force since 1 Jan. 2011 (AS 2010 5601; BBl 2009 1777).Title 6 Special Proceedings in Marital LawChapter 1 Summary ProceedingsArt. 271 Scope of ApplicationSubject to Articles 272 and 273, summary procedure applies to measures for protection of the marital union, and in particular to:a. the measures under Articles 172–179 CC;b. the extension of a spouse's power to represent the marital union (Art. 166 para. 2 sec. 1 CC);c. the authorisation of a spouse to dispose of the family home (Art. 169 para. 2 CC);d. the duty of a spouse to provide information on his or her income, assets and debts (Art. 170 para. 2 CC);e. the separation of property and the reinstatement of the prior property regime (Art. 185, 187 para. 2, 189 and 191 CC);f. the obligation of spouses to cooperate in drawing up an inventory (Art. 195a CC);g. the determination of payment deadlines and the provision of security between the spouses outside proceedings on the division of the marital property (Art. 203 para. 2, 218, 235 para. 2 and 250 para. 2 CC);h. the spouse's consent to the renunciation or acceptance of an inheritance (Art. 230 para. 2 CC);i. directions to debtors and the provision of security for post-matrimonial maintenance outside proceedings on post-matrimonial maintenance (Art. 132 CC). SR 210Art. 272 Principle of ex-officio investigationThe court establishes the facts ex officio.Art. 273 Procedure The court shall hold a hearing. It may dispense with the hearing only if the parties' submissions indicate that the facts are clear or undisputed. The parties must appear in person if the court does not exempt them for reasons of illness or age or for other good cause. The court shall attempt to find an agreement between the parties.Chapter 2 Divorce Proceedings Section 1 General Provisions Art. 274 InitiationDivorce proceedings are initiated by submitting a joint request for divorce or by filing an action for divorce.Art. 275 Suspension of the common householdEach spouse has the right to suspend the common household for the duration of the divorce proceedings.Art. 276 Interim measures The court shall order the necessary interim measures. The provisions concerning measures for protection of the marital union apply by analogy. Interim measures ordered by the court for the protection of the marital union shall be continued. The divorce court has jurisdiction to modify or revoke them. The court may also order interim measures after the dissolution of the marriage if proceedings relating to the effects of the divorce continue.Art. 277 Establishment of facts The principle of production of evidence applies in proceedings concerning the dissolution of the marital property regime and post-marital maintenance. If the court establishes that physical records required to decide the financial consequences of the divorce are missing, it shall order the parties to produce such documents. The court shall otherwise establish the facts ex officio.Art. 278 Personal appearanceThe parties must appear in person at the hearing unless the court exempts them for reasons of illness or age or for other good cause.Art. 279 Approval of the agreement The court shall approve the agreement on the effects of the divorce if it is persuaded that the spouses have concluded the agreement of their own volition and after careful reflection, and that the agreement is clear, complete and not manifestly inequitable; the provisions on occupational pensions are reserved. The agreement is valid only when it has been approved by the court. It must be included in the conclusions to the decision.Art. 280 Agreement on occupational pension benefits The court shall approve an agreement on the equitable division of claims to the occupational pensions provided:a. the spouses have agreed on the equitable division and its modalities;b. the spouses provide confirmation from the occupational pension schemes concerned on the practicability of the arrangement and of the amount of the entitlements or pensions; andc. the court is persuaded that the agreement conforms to the law. The court shall inform the pension schemes concerned about the relevant parts of the final decision, including the details required in order to transfer of the agreed amounts. The decision is binding on the pension schemes. If the spouses agree not to divide their pensions equally or if they decline to divide their pensions, the court shall examine ex officio whether appropriate financial security for age or invalidity remains guaranteed. Amended by Annex No 2 of the FA of 19 June 2015 (Equitable Division of Pensions on Divorce), in force since 1 Jan. 2017 (AS 2016 2313; BBl 2013 4887). Amended by Annex No 2 of the FA of 19 June 2015 (Equitable Division of Pensions on Divorce), in force since 1 Jan. 2017 (AS 2016 2313; BBl 2013 4887). Amended by Annex No 2 of the FA of 19 June 2015 (Equitable Division of Pensions on Divorce), in force since 1 Jan. 2017 (AS 2016 2313; BBl 2013 4887). Amended by Annex No 2 of the FA of 19 June 2015 (Equitable Division of Pensions on Divorce), in force since 1 Jan. 2017 (AS 2016 2313; BBl 2013 4887).Art. 281 Failure to agree on an equitable division of pensions In the absence of an agreement, and if the relevant entitlements and pensions have been determined, the court shall decide on the apportionment of the shares according to the provisions of the CC and the Vested Benefits Act of 17 December 1993 (VBA) (Art. 122 and 123 CC in conjunction with Art. 22–22f VBA), determine the amount to be transferred and set a deadline for the pension funds concerned to confirm the practicability of the planned arrangement. Article 280 paragraph 2 applies by analogy. In other cases in which no agreement is reached, after the final decision on the apportionment of the shares, the court shall refer the matter to the competent court under the VBA, advising it in particular of:a. the decision on the apportionment of the shares;b. the date of marriage and the date of divorce;c. the pension funds against which the spouses are likely to have entitlements, and the amount of these entitlements;d. the occupational pension funds that pay the spouses pensions, the amount of those pensions and the shares of the pensions paid. Amended by Annex No 2 of the FA of 19 June 2015 (Equitable Division of Pensions on Divorce), in force since 1 Jan. 2017 (AS 2016 2313; BBl 2013 4887). SR 210 SR 831.42 Amended by Annex No 2 of the FA of 19 June 2015 (Equitable Division of Pensions on Divorce), in force since 1 Jan. 2017 (AS 2016 2313; BBl 2013 4887). Amended by Annex No 2 of the FA of 19 June 2015 (Equitable Division of Pensions on Divorce), in force since 1 Jan. 2017 (AS 2016 2313; BBl 2013 4887). Amended by Annex No 2 of the FA of 19 June 2015 (Equitable Division of Pensions on Divorce), in force since 1 Jan. 2017 (AS 2016 2313; BBl 2013 4887). Amended by Annex No 2 of the FA of 19 June 2015 (Equitable Division of Pensions on Divorce), in force since 1 Jan. 2017 (AS 2016 2313; BBl 2013 4887).Art. 282 Maintenance payments The agreement or decision fixing the maintenance payments must indicate:a. the portions of the income and the assets of each spouse that have been taken into account;b. the amount allocated to the spouse and to each child;c. the amount necessary to assure the proper maintenance of the entitled spouse, if a subsequent increase in the pension is reserved;d. whether and to what extent the pension will be adjusted to changes in living costs. If the maintenance payment for the spouse is challenged, the appellate court may also reassess the maintenance payments for the children, even if they are not challenged.Art. 283 Unity of decision The court rules on the effects of the divorce in the divorce judgment. Where there is good cause, the division of the marital property may be referred to separate proceedings. The equitable division of claims to occupational pension assets may be referred in their entirety to separate proceedings if claims to pension assets abroad are involved and a decision can be obtained in the state concerned on their equitable division. The court may suspend the separate proceedings until the foreign decision has been taken; it may already determine the shares on division. Inserted by Annex No 2 of the FA of 19 June 2015 (Equitable Division of Pensions on Divorce), in force since 1 Jan. 2017 (AS 2016 2313; BBl 2013 4887).Art. 284 Adjusting the binding effects of divorce The conditions and the material jurisdiction for adjusting a decision are governed by Articles 124e paragraph 2, 129 and 134 CC. Non-contentious modifications may be agreed in a simple written agreement, subject to the provisions of the CC concerning matters relating to children (Art. 134 para. 3 CC). The provisions on the divorce action apply by analogy to the proceedings for contentious modifications. SR 210 Amended by Annex No 2 of the FA of 19 June 2015 (Equitable Division of Pensions on Divorce), in force since 1 Jan. 2017 (AS 2016 2313; BBl 2013 4887).Section 2 Divorce at Joint RequestArt. 285 Submission in the case of comprehensive agreementThe joint submission of the spouses contains:a. the names and addresses of the spouses and details of their representatives, if any;b. the joint divorce request;c. the comprehensive agreement on the effects of the divorce;d. the joint applications with regard to the children;e. the necessary documents;f. the date and signatures.Art. 286 Submission in the case of partial agreement In their submission, the spouses must apply for the court to rule on the effects of divorce on which they have not reached an agreement. Each spouse may submit his or her justified application on the effects of the divorce that are not part of the agreement. Otherwise Article 285 applies by analogy.Art. 287 Hearing of the partiesIf the submission is complete, the court shall summon the parties to a hearing. The conduct of the hearing is governed by the provisions of the CC. Amended by No II of the FA of 25 Sept. 2009 (Period for reflection in Divorce Proceedings on Joint Application), in force since 1 Jan. 2011 (AS 2010 281 1861; BBl 2008 1959 1975). SR 210Art. 288 Continuation of the proceedings and decision If the conditions for a divorce at joint request are fulfilled, the court shall decree the divorce and approve the agreement. If the effects of the divorce remain disputed, the proceedings shall be continued with regard to these effects under adversarial procedure. The court may assign the roles of plaintiff and defendant. If the requirements for divorce at joint request are not met, the court shall reject the joint request for divorce and at the same time set a deadline to each spouse for the filing of a divorce action. The proceedings remain pending during this period and any interim measures continue to apply. Amended by No II of the FA of 25 Sept. 2009 (Period for reflection in Divorce Proceedings on Joint Application), in force since 1 Jan. 2011 (AS 2010 281 1861; BBl 2008 1959 1975). Amended by No II of the FA of 25 Sept. 2009 (Period for reflection in Divorce Proceedings on Joint Application), in force since 1 Jan. 2011 (AS 2010 281 1861; BBl 2008 1959 1975).Art. 289 Appellate remediesThe divorce may only be contested by appeal on the grounds of lack of intent. Section 3 Action for DivorceArt. 290 Filing the actionAn action for divorce may be filed without a written statement of the grounds. It shall contain:a. the names and addresses of the spouses and the designation of their representatives, if any;b. the prayer for relief requesting the divorce and an indication of the grounds (Art. 114 or 115 CC);c. the prayers for relief concerning the financial effects of the divorce;d. the prayers for relief concerning the children;e. the necessary documents;f. the date and signatures. SR 210Art. 291 Conciliation hearing The court shall summon the parties to a hearing and establish whether there are grounds for divorce. If grounds for divorce are established, the court shall attempt to secure an agreement between the spouses with regard to the effects of the divorce. If grounds for divorce are not established or if an agreement cannot be reached, the court shall set a deadline for the plaintiff to submit a written statement of grounds for the action. In the event of default, the proceedings shall be dismissed as groundless.Art. 292 Change to divorce at joint request The proceedings shall continue according to the provisions on divorce at joint request if the spouses:a. have been separated for less than two years at the time the case becomes pending; andb. agree to the divorce. If the grounds for divorce claimed are established, no change to proceedings for divorce at joint request is made.Art. 293 Amendment of the actionA divorce action may be changed to a separation action at any time prior to the court beginning its deliberations on the decision.Section 4 Actions for Annulment and SeparationArt. 294 The procedure for actions for annulment and for separation is governed by analogy by the provisions on actions for divorce. An action for separation may be transformed into an action for divorce at any time prior to the court beginning deliberations on the decision.Title 7 Proceedings relating to Children in Family Law MattersChapter 1 General ProvisionsArt. 295 PrincipleIndependent actions are decided in simplified proceedings.Art. 296 Principles of ex-officio investigation and assessment The court shall investigate the facts ex officio. The parties and third parties must cooperate in the tests required to establish paternity provided such tests not pose a danger to their health. The provisions concerning the parties' and third parties' right to refuse are not applicable. The court decides without being bound by the requests of the parties.Art. 297 Hearing of the parents and mediation The court hears the parents in person when ruling on matters relating to a child. The court may ask the parents to attempt mediation.Art. 298 Hearing the child The child is heard in person and in an appropriate way by the court or by a third party appointed for this purpose, to the extent that the child's age or other good cause does not preclude a hearing. Only the information that is relevant for the decision is placed on record. This information shall be communicated to the parents or the child's welfare agent. A child who has the capacity to consent may contest the refusal to grant a hearing by filing an objection.Art. 299 Appointing a representative for the child  If necessary, the court shall appoint a person experienced in welfare and legal matters to act as welfare agent for the child. The court shall consider appointing a representative in particular if:a. the parents submit different applications regarding:1. allocation of parental responsibility,2. allocation of residence,3. important questions concerning their personal relations with the child,4. sharing responsibilities for care,5. maintenance payments; b. the child protection authority or one of the parents so requests;c. based on hearing with the parents or the child or based on other reasons, the court:1. has serious doubts about the parents' joint applications relating to the issues listed under letter a, or2. is considering ordering measures for the protection of the child. If the child with the capacity to consent so requests, a representative must be appointed. The child may challenge the rejection of his or her request by filing an objection. Amended by Annex No 2 of the FA of 20 March 2015 (Child Maintenance), in force since 1 Jan. 2017 (AS 2015 4299; BBl 2014 529). Amended by Annex 2 No 3 of the FA of 19 Dec. 2008, in force since 1 Jan. 2013 (AS 2010 1739, 2011 725; BBl 2006 7221 7001). Amended by Annex No 2 of the FA of 20 March 2015 (Child Maintenance), in force since 1 Jan. 2017 (AS 2015 4299; BBl 2014 529). Amended by Annex No 2 of the FA of 20 March 2015 (Child Maintenance), in force since 1 Jan. 2017 (AS 2015 4299; BBl 2014 529).Art. 300 Competence of the representativeThe child's representative may file applications and appellate remedies to the extent they concern:a.the allocation of the parental responsibility;b.the allocation of residence;c.important questions of personal relations;d.sharing responsibilities for care;e.maintenance payments;f. measures for the protection of the child. Amended by Annex No 2 of the FA of 20 March 2015 (Child Maintenance), in force since 1 Jan. 2017 (AS 2015 4299; BBl 2014 529).Art. 301 Notice of the decisionNotice is the decision is given:a. to the parents;b. to the child, if he or she is at least 14 years old;c. to the welfare agent, if any, to the extent the decision concerns the following issues:1. the allocation of the parental responsibility,2. the allocation of residence,3. important questions of personal relations,4. sharing responsibilities for care,5. maintenance payments,6. measures for the protection of the child. Amended by Annex No 2 of the FA of 20 March 2015 (Child Maintenance), in force since 1 Jan. 2017 (AS 2015 4299; BBl 2014 529).Art. 301a Maintenance paymentsIf maintenance payments are agreed in a maintenance agreement or in the decision, the agreement or decision must indicate:a. the income and assets of each parent on which the agreement or decision is based;b. the amount determined for each child;c. any shortfall in the amount to cover the reasonable maintenance of each child;d. whether and to what extent the maintenance payments are modified to reflect changes in living costs. Inserted by Annex No 2 of the FA of 20 March 2015 (Child Maintenance), in force since 1 Jan. 2017 (AS 2015 4299; BBl 2014 529).Chapter 2 Summary Procedure: Scope of Application Amended by Annex No 2 of the FA of 20 March 2015 (Child Maintenance), in force since 1 Jan. 2017 (AS 2015 4299; BBl 2014 529).Art. 302 ... Summary procedure applies in particular in the case of:a. decisions under the Hague Convention of 25 October 1980 on the Civil Aspects of International Child Abduction and under the European Convention of 20 May 1980 on Recognition and Enforcement of Decisions concerning Custody of Children and on Restoration of Custody of Children;b. the payment of a special financial contribution to cover unforeseen extraordinary needs of the child (Art. 286 para. 3 CC);c. notice to debtors and the provision of security for child support outside proceedings on the parents' maintenance obligations (Art. 291 and 292 CC). The provisions of the Federal Act of 21 December 2007 on International Child Abduction and the Hague Conventions on the Protection of Children and Adults are reserved. Repealed by Annex No 2 of the FA of 20 March 2015 (Child Maintenance), with effect from 1 Jan. 2017 (AS 2015 4299; BBl 2014 529). SR 0.211.230.02 SR 0.211.230.01 SR 210 SR 211.222.32Chapter 3 Maintenance and Paternity Actions Amended by Annex No 2 of the FA of 20 March 2015 (Child Maintenance), in force since 1 Jan. 2017 (AS 2015 4299; BBl 2014 529).Art. 303 Interim measures If paternity is established, the defendant may be ordered to deposit or advance appropriate amounts for the maintenance of the child. If the action for maintenance has been filed together with the paternity action, the defendant must, at the plaintiff's request:a. deposit the costs for the birth and the suitable contributions towards the maintenance of mother and child provided paternity has been shown credibly;b. make suitable contributions towards the maintenance of the child support provided must be assumed and the assumption cannot be refuted by immediately available evidence.Art. 304 Jurisdiction The court that has jurisdiction to decide the paternity action shall also decide on the deposit, the advance payment, the disbursement of deposited amounts and the refund of advances. In the case of an action for maintenance, the court shall also decide on parental responsibility and other child-related issues. Inserted by Annex No 2 of the FA of 20 March 2015 (Child Maintenance), in force since 1 Jan. 2017 (AS 2015 4299; BBl 2014 529).Title 8 Proceedings relating to Same-Sex Partnerships Chapter 1 Summary ProcedureArt. 305 Scope of applicationSummary procedure applies in particular to:a. the determination of monetary contributions to the maintenance of the partnership and the notice to debtors (Art. 13 para. 2 and 3 of the Same-Sex Partnerships Act of 18 June 2004, SSPA),b. the authorisation of a partner to dispose of the common home (Art. 14 para. 2 SSPA),c. the expansion and revocation of a partner's power to represent the partnership (Art. 15 para. 2 lt. a and para. 4 SSPA),d. the obligation of a partner to provide information on his or her income, assets and debts (Art. 16 para. 2 SSPA),e. the determination, adjustment or cancellation of monetary contributions and the regulation of the use of the home and the household effects (Art. 17 para. 2 and 4 SSPA),f. the obligation of the partners to cooperate in taking an inventory (Art. 20 para. 1 SSPA),g. the restriction of a partner's power to dispose of certain assets (Art. 22 para. 1 SSPA),h. the granting of deadlines for the repayment of debts between the partners (Art. 23 para. 1 SSPA). Amended by No II of the FA of 25 Sept. 2015 (Professional Representation in Enforcement Proceedings), in force since 1 Jan. 2018 (AS 2016 3643; BBl 2014 8669). SR 211.231Art. 306 ProcedureArticles 272 and 273 apply by analogy to the procedure.Chapter 2 Dissolution and Annulment of Same-Sex PartnershipsArt. 307The provisions concerning the divorce proceedings apply by analogy to the dissolution and annulment of same-sex partnerships.Chapter 3 Proceedings relating to Children in connection with Same-Sex Partnerships Inserted by Annex No 2 of the FA of 17 June 2016 (Adoption), in force since  1 Jan. 2018 (AS 2017 3699; BBl 2015 877).Art. 307aWhere a person has adopted the minor child of his or her registered partner, Articles 295–302 apply by analogy.Title 9 Appellate RemediesChapter 1 AppealSection 1 Decisions that may be contested and Grounds for AppealArt. 308 Decisions that may be contested An appeal is admissible against:a. final and interim decisions of first instance;b. decisions of first instance on interim measures. In financial matters, an appeal is admissible only if the value of the claim in the most recent prayers for relief is at least 10,000 francs.Art. 309 ExceptionsAn appeal is not admissible:a. against decisions of the enforcement court;b. in the following matters under the DEBA:1. revocation of the stay of enforcement (Art. 57d DEBA),2. admission of a time-barred objection (Art. 77 para. 3 DEBA),3. clearance to proceed (Art. 80–84 DEBA),4. revocation or suspension of the debt enforcement proceedings (Art. 85 DEBA),5. admission of the objection in the collection of bills of exchange (Art. 181 DEBA),6. attachment (Art. 272 and 278 DEBA);7. decisions falling under the jurisdiction of the bankruptcy or composition court under the DEBA. SR 281.1 Amended by Art. 3 No 1 of the FD of 11 Dec. 2009 (Approval and Implementation of the Lugano Convention), in force since 1 Jan. 2011 (AS 2010 5601; BBl 2009 1777). Inserted by Art. 3 No 1 of the FD of 11 Dec. 2009 (Approval and Implementation of the Lugano Convention), in force since 1 Jan. 2011 (AS 2010 5601; BBl 2009 1777).Art. 310 Grounds for appealThe appeal may be filed on grounds of:a. incorrect application of the law;b. incorrect establishment of the facts.Section 2 Appeals, Answers to the Appeal and Cross AppealsArt. 311 Filing of appeal The appeal must be filed in writing and with a statement of the grounds with the appellate court within 30 days of service of a decision and grounds therefor or the subsequent service of the statement of grounds (Art. 239). The appealed decision must be appended to with the appeal.Art. 312 Answer to the appeal The appellate court serves the appeal on the opposing party for its written comments, unless the appeal is obviously inadmissible or obviously unfounded. An answer to the appeal must be filed within 30 days.Art. 313 Cross appeal The opposing party may file a cross appeal together with the answer to the appeal. The cross appeal lapses if:a. the appellate court declares the principal appeal inadmissible;b. the principal appeal is dismissed because it is obviously unfounded;c. the principal appeal is withdrawn before the beginning of deliberations.Art. 314 Summary proceedings If the decision was rendered in summary proceedings, the deadline for filing the appeal and the answer to appeal is in each case 10 days. A cross appeal is not admissible.Section 3 Effects and Procedure of an AppealArt. 315 Suspensive effect The legal effect and enforceability of those parts of the contested decision to which the applications in the appeal relate shall be suspended. The appellate court may authorise early enforcement. If necessary, it shall order protective measures or the provision of security. Suspensive effect may not be revoked when the appeal is against a judgment for modification of legal relationships. The appeal does not have suspensive effect if it is filed against a decision on:a. the right of reply;b. interim measures. The enforcement of interim measures may be suspended in extraordinary circumstances if the party concerned is threatened with not easily reparable harm.Art. 316 Procedure before the appellate court The appellate court may hold a hearing or decide on the basis of the case files. It may order a second exchange of written submissions. It may take evidence.Art. 317 New facts and new evidence; Amendment of claim New facts and new evidence are considered only if:a. they are submitted immediately; andb. they could not have been submitted in the first instance despite reasonable diligence. The amendment of the claim is admissible only if:a. the conditions under Article 227 paragraph 1 are fulfilled; and b. the amendment is based on new facts or new evidence. Amended by No II of the FA of 25 Sept. 2015 (Professional Representation in Enforcement Proceedings), in force since 1 Jan. 2018 (AS 2016 3643; BBl 2014 8669).Art. 318 Decision The appellate court may:a. confirm the challenged decision;b. make a new decision; orc. remit the case to the first instance if:1. an essential part of the claim was not considered, or2. essential issues of fact must still be established. The appellate court shall give notice of its decision to the parties with a written statement of grounds. If the appellate court makes a new decision, it shall also decide on the costs at first instance.Chapter 2 Objections Art. 319 Object of objectionAn objection is admissible against:a. final and interim decisions and decisions on interim measures of first instance that are not subject to appeal;b. other decisions and procedural rulings of first instance:1. in the cases provided by the law,2. if they threaten to cause not easily reparable harm;c. undue delay by the court.Art. 320 Grounds for an objectionAn objection is admissible on the following grounds:a. incorrect application of the law;b. obviously incorrect establishment of the facts.Art. 321 Filing an objection The objection must be filed in writing and with a statement of grounds with the appellate court within 30 days of service of a decision and grounds therefor or of the subsequent service of the statement of the grounds (Art. 239). If the objection is against a decision taken in summary proceedings or against a procedural ruling, it must be filed within 10 days unless the law provides otherwise. The contested decision or procedural ruling must be enclosed if it has been served on the party. The objection on the grounds of undue delay may be filed at any time.Art. 322 Answer to the objection The appellate court serves the objection on the opposing party so that he or she may comment in writing thereon, unless the objection is obviously inadmissible or obviously unfounded. The answer to the objection must be filed within the same period as applies to the objection.Art. 323 Cross objectionsCross objections are not admissible.Art. 324 Comments of the lower court The appellate court may invite the lower court to comment.Art. 325 Suspensive effect The objection does not suspend the legal effect and enforceability of the contested decision. The appellate court may suspend the enforceability of the contested decision. If necessary, it shall order protective measures or the provision of security.Art. 326 New applications, new facts and new evidence New applications, new allegations of fact and new evidence are not admissible. Special provisions of law are reserved.Art. 327 Procedure and decision The appellate court shall request the case files from the lower court. It may decide on the basis of the case files. In the event that it upholds the objection, the appellate court shall:a. set aside the decision or the procedural ruling and remit the case to the lower court; orb. make a new decision provided the appellate court is in the position to make a decision. If an objection of undue delay is upheld, the appellate court may set a deadline within which the lower court must deal with the case. The appellate court shall give notice of its decision to the parties together with a written statement of grounds.Art. 327a Enforcement declaration under the Lugano Convention If the objection is against a decision of the enforcement court under Articles 38 to 52 of the Lugano Convention of 30 October 2007 on Jurisdiction and the Enforcement of Judgments in Civil and Commercial Matters, the appellate court shall freely examine the grounds for refusal provided in the Convention. The objection has suspensive effect. Protective measures, in particular attachments under Article 271 paragraph 1 number 6 DEBA, are reserved. The deadline for filing the objection against the enforcement declaration is governed by Article 43 paragraph 5 of the Convention. Inserted by Art. 3 No 1 of the FD of 11 Dec. 2009 (Approval and Implementation of the Lugano Convention), in force since 1 Jan. 2011 (AS 2010 5601; BBl 2009 1777).SR 0.275.12 SR 281.1Chapter 3 ReviewArt. 328 Grounds for review A party may request the court that has decided as final instance to review the final decision if:a. the party subsequently discovers significant facts or decisive evidence that could not have been submitted in the earlier proceedings, excluding facts and evidence that arose after the decision;b. criminal proceedings have established that the decision was influenced to the detriment of the party concerned by a felony or misdemeanour, even if no one has been convicted by the criminal court; if criminal proceedings are not possible, proof may be provided in some other manner;c. it is claimed that the acceptance, withdrawal or settlement of the claim is invalid. A review on the grounds of a violation of the European Convention on Human Rights of 4 November 1950 (ECHR) may be requested if:a. the European Court of Human Rights has determined in a final judgment (Art. 44 ECHR) that the ECHR or its protocols have been violated, or the case has been concluded by means of a friendly settlement (Art. 39 ECHR);b. compensation is not an appropriate remedy for the effects of the violation; andc. the review is necessary to remedy the violation. SR 0.101 Amended by Annex No 2 of the FA of 1 Oct. 2021, in force since 1 July 2022  (AS 2022 289; BBl 2021 300, 889).Art. 329 Deadlines and form An application for a review must be filed in writing with a statement of the grounds within 90 days of the discovery of the grounds for review. The right to request a review expires 10 years after the decision comes into force, except in cases under Article 328 paragraph 1 letter b.Art. 330 Response by the opposing partyThe court shall serve the application for the review on the opposing party so that he or she may respond, unless the request is obviously inadmissible or obviously unfounded.Art. 331 Suspensive effect A request for a review does not suspend the legal effect and enforceability of the decision. The court may suspend the enforceability of the contested decision. If necessary, it shall order protective measures or the provision of security.Art. 332 Decision on the review applicationThe decision on the application for review may be challenged by way of objection.Art. 333 New decision on the merits If the court upholds the request for a review, it shall quash its earlier decision and make a new one. In the new decision, the court shall also decide on the costs of the earlier proceedings. It shall give notice of its decision to the parties together with a written statement of grounds.Chapter 4 Explanation and RectificationArt. 334 If the conclusions of the decision are unclear, contradictory or incomplete, or if they do not correspond with the statement of grounds, the court shall ex officio or at the request of a party provide an explanation or rectification of the decision. The request must indicate the relevant parts and the requested changes. Articles 330 and 331 apply by analogy. The court does not require the parties to comment when correcting typographical or arithmetical errors. The decision on the request for explanation or rectification may be contested by objection. Notice of the explained or rectified decision shall be given to the parties.Title 10 EnforcementChapter 1 Enforcement of Decisions Art. 335 Scope of application Decisions are enforced according to the provisions of this chapter. If a decision relates to the payment of money or provision of security, it is enforced according to the provisions of the DEBA. The recognition, the declaration of enforceability and the enforcement of foreign decisions are governed by this chapter, unless an international treaty or the PILA provides otherwise. SR 281.1 SR 291Art. 336 Enforceability A decision is enforceable, if:a. it is legally binding and the court has not suspended its enforcement (Art. 325 para. 2 and 331 para. 2); orb. it is not yet legally binding, but its early enforcement has been authorised. The court that has made the decision on enforceability shall certify the enforceability of the decision on request.Art. 337 Direct enforcement If the court making the decision has already ordered the necessary enforcement measures (Art. 236 para. 3), the decision may be directly enforced. The unsuccessful party may ask the enforcement court to suspend enforcement; Article 341 applies by analogy.Art. 338 Request for enforcement If the decision may not be directly enforced, a request for enforcement must be submitted to the enforcement court. The applicant must establish that the requirements for enforcement apply and produce the necessary physical records.Art. 339 Jurisdiction and procedure Mandatory jurisdiction to order the measures of enforcement or to suspend the enforcement lies with the court:a. at the domicile or registered office of the unsuccessful party;b. at the place where the measures are to be taken; orc. at the place where the decision to be enforced was made. The court decides in summary proceedings.Art. 340 Protective measuresThe enforcement court may order protective measures, if necessary without hearing the opposing party beforehand. Amended by Art. 3 No 1 of the FD of 11 Dec. 2009 (Approval and Implementation of the Lugano Convention), in force since 1 Jan. 2011 (AS 2010 5601; BBl 2009 1777).Art. 341 Examination of enforceability and hearing the unsuccessful party The enforcement court shall examine enforceability ex officio. It shall allow the unsuccessful party a brief period within which to file its comments. On the merits, the unsuccessful party may only argue that matters preventing the enforcement of the decision have occurred since notice thereof was given, such as extinction, deferment, prescription or forfeiture of the right to due performance. Extinction and deferment must be proven by physical records.Art. 342 Enforcement of conditional performance or performance subject to counter-performanceDecisions providing for conditional performance or performance that is subject to counter-performance may not be enforced until the enforcement court has determined that the condition is fulfilled or that the counter-performance has been duly offered, rendered, or guaranteed.Art. 343 Obligation to act, refrain from acting or to tolerate  If the decision provides for an obligation to act, refrain from acting or to tolerate something, the enforcement court may:a. issue a threat of criminal penalty under Article 292 SCC;b. impose a disciplinary fine not exceeding 5,000 francs;c. impose a disciplinary fine not exceeding 1,000 francs for each day of non-compliance;d. order a compulsory measure such as taking away a movable item or vacating immovable property; or e. order performance by a third party. If the decision contains an injunction under Article 28b CC, the enforcement court may at the request of the applicant order electronic monitoring in accordance with Article 28c CC. The unsuccessful party and third parties must provide the required information and tolerate the required searches. The person entrusted with enforcement may request the assistance of the competent authorities. SR 311.0 SR 210 Inserted by No I 2 of the FA of 14 Dec. 2018 on Improving the Protection of Persons Affected by Violence, in force since 1 Jan. 2022 (AS 2019 2273; BBl 2017 7307).Art. 344 Declaration of intent If the decision relates to a declaration of intent, the enforceable decision takes the place of the declaration. If the declaration concerns a public register, such as the land register or the commercial register, the court making the decision shall issue the required instructions to the registrar.Art. 345 Damages and conversion into money The prevailing party may demand:a. damages if the unsuccessful party does not follow the orders of the court;b. conversion of the performance due into the payment of money. The enforcement court shall determine the relevant amount.Art. 346 Appellate remedy for third parties Third parties may contest enforcement decisions by filing an objection if the decision affects their rights.Chapter 2 Enforcement of Official RecordsArt. 347 EnforceabilityOfficial records relating to any type of performance may be enforced in the same way as judicial decisions if:a. the obligee expressly declares in the record that he or she accepts direct enforcement;b. the legal ground for the performance due is mentioned in the record; andc. the performance due is:1. sufficiently specified in the record,2. accepted in the record by the obligee, and 3. due.Art. 348 ExceptionsOfficial records are not directly enforceable if they concern performance:a. under the Gender Equality Act of 24 March 1995;b. arising from the tenancy and lease of residential and business property or the lease of agricultural property;c. under the Participation Act of 17 December 1993;d. arising from employment relations or under the Recruitment Act of 6 October 1989;e. arising from consumer contracts (Art. 32). SR 151.1 SR 822.14 SR 823.11Art. 349 Records relating to performance in moneyAn enforceable record relating to performance in money is deemed to be a title setting aside an objection under Articles 80 and 81 DEBA. SR 281.1Art. 350 Records relating to other forms of performance If the enforcement of a record relating to another form of performance is sought, at the request of the obligor the notary public shall serve the obligee with a certified copy of the record, setting a deadline of 20 days for performance. The obligor receives a copy of the notification. If performance is not rendered within the deadline, the obligor may submit a request for enforcement to the enforcement court.Art. 351 Proceedings before the enforcement court The obligee may contest his or her obligation to render performance only if the objection raised can be immediately proven. If a declaration of intent is owed, the decision of the enforcement court takes the place of the declaration. The enforcement court shall issue the required instructions in accordance with Article 344 paragraph 2.Art. 352 Judicial reviewThe judicial review of the performance due is reserved in every case. In particular the obligee may at any time file a claim for a declaratory judgment that the obligation does not or no longer exists or that it has been suspended.Part 3 ArbitrationTitle 1 General Provisions Art. 353 Scope of application The provisions of this Part apply to the proceedings before arbitral tribunals based in Switzerland, unless the provisions of the Twelfth Chapter of the PILA apply. The parties may exclude the application of this Part by making a declaration to this effect in the arbitration agreement or a subsequent agreement, and instead agree that the provisions of the Twelfth Chapter of the PILA apply. The declaration must be in the form specified in Article 358. SR 291 Amended by Annex No 2 of the FA of 19 June 2020, in force since 1 Jan. 2021  (AS 2020 4179; BBl 2018 7163).Art. 354 ArbitrabilityAny claim over which the parties may freely dispose may be the object of an arbitration agreement.Art. 355 Location of the arbitral tribunal The location of the arbitral tribunal shall be determined by the parties or by the body they have designated. If no location is determined, the arbitral tribunal itself determine its location. If neither the parties nor the designated body nor the arbitral tribunal determine the location, the ordinary court that would have jurisdiction to decide the matter in the absence of an arbitration agreement shall decide. If several ordinary courts have jurisdiction, the location of the arbitral tribunal shall be the location of the ordinary court first seised by virtue of Article 356. Unless the parties have agreed otherwise, the arbitral tribunal may hold hearings, take evidence and deliberate at any other location.Art. 356 Competent ordinary courts The canton in which the arbitral tribunal is located shall designate a superior court that shall have jurisdiction:a. to decide on objections and applications for review;b. to receive the arbitral award on deposit and to certify its enforceability. The canton where the arbitral tribunal is located shall designate a different court or a differently composed court to have jurisdiction as the sole instance for:a. the appointment, challenge, removal and replacement of the arbitrators;b. the extension of the arbitral tribunal's term of office;c. supporting the arbitral tribunal in all its procedural acts. The competent ordinary court decides in summary proceedings other than in cases under paragraph 1 letter a. Inserted by Annex No 2 of the FA of 19 June 2020, in force since 1 Jan. 2021  (AS 2020 4179; BBl 2018 7163).Title 2 Arbitration Agreement and Arbitration Clause Amended by Annex No 2 of the FA of 19 June 2020, in force since 1 Jan. 2021  (AS 2020 4179; BBl 2018 7163).Art. 357 Arbitration agreement The arbitration agreement may relate to existing or future disputes arising from a specific legal relationship. The validity of the agreement may not be disputed on the ground that the main contract is invalid.Art. 358 Form The arbitration agreement must be done in writing or in any other form allowing it to be evidenced by text. The provisions of this Part apply by analogy to arbitration clauses in unilateral transactions or in articles of association. Inserted by Annex No 2 of the FA of 19 June 2020, in force since 1 Jan. 2021  (AS 2020 4179; BBl 2018 7163).Art. 359 Challenging the arbitral tribunal's jurisdiction If the validity of the arbitration agreement, its content, its scope or the proper constitution of the arbitral tribunal is challenged before the arbitral tribunal, the tribunal shall decide on its own jurisdiction by way of an interim decision or in the final award on the merits. An objection to the arbitral tribunal on the grounds of lack of jurisdiction must be raised prior to any defence on the merits.Title 3 Constitution of the Arbitral TribunalArt. 360 Number of arbitrators The parties may freely agree on the number of arbitrators. In the absence of an agreement, the arbitral tribunal shall comprise three members. If the parties have agreed on an even number of arbitrators, it is presumed that an additional arbitrator must be appointed as the chairperson.Art. 361 Appointment by the parties The members of the arbitral tribunal shall be appointed as agreed by the parties. In the absence of any agreement, each party shall appoint the same number of arbitrators; the arbitrators shall then unanimously elect another person as chairperson. If an arbitrator is designated by his or her function, the holder of that function who accepts the mandate is deemed to be appointed. In matters relating to the tenancy and lease of residential property, only the conciliation authority may be appointed as arbitral tribunal.Art. 362 Appointment by the ordinary court If the arbitration agreement provides no other body for the appointment, or if such body does not appoint the members within a reasonable time, the ordinary court competent under Article 356 paragraph 2 shall proceed with the appointment at the request of one of the parties if:a. the parties cannot agree on the appointment of the single arbitrator or the chairperson;b. a party fails to designate his or her arbitrator within 30 days from being requested to do so; orc. the appointed arbitrators cannot agree on the appointment of the chairperson within 30 days from their appointment. In case of a multi-party arbitration, the ordinary court competent under Article 356 paragraph 2 may appoint all the arbitrators. If an ordinary court is designated to appoint an arbitrator, it must proceed with the appointment unless a summary examination shows that no arbitration agreement exists between the parties.Art. 363 Duty to disclose A person asked to take the office of an arbitrator must disclose immediately any circumstances that might raise reasonable doubts about his or her independence or impartiality. This duty continues throughout the proceedings.Art. 364 Acceptance of office The arbitrators shall confirm acceptance of their office. The arbitral tribunal is constituted only when all the arbitrators have accepted their office.Art. 365 Secretary The arbitral tribunal may appoint a secretary. Articles 363 paragraph 1 and 367 to 369 apply by analogy.Art. 366 Term of office The parties may limit the term of office in the arbitration agreement or in a subsequent agreement. The term of office within which the arbitral tribunal must issue its award may be extended:a. by agreement of the parties;b. at the request of a party or of the arbitral tribunal: by the ordinary court with jurisdiction under Article 356 paragraph 2.Title 4 Challenge, Removal and Replacement of ArbitratorsArt. 367 Rejection of an arbitrator A member of the arbitral tribunal may be challenged:a. if he or she lacks the qualifications required by the parties;b. if there is a ground for challenge in accordance with the rules of arbitration adopted by the parties; orc. if there is reasonable doubt as to his or her independence or impartiality. A party may challenge an arbitrator whom that party has appointed or in whose appointment that party has participated only if the grounds for the challenge came to the attention of the party concerned after the appointment despite exercising due diligence. Notice of the reason for the challenge must be given to the arbitral tribunal and the opposing party immediately. Amended by Annex No 2 of the FA of 19 June 2020, in force since 1 Jan. 2021  (AS 2020 4179; BBl 2018 7163).Art. 368 Challenging the arbitral tribunal A party may challenge the arbitral tribunal if an opposing party has exerted a predominant influence on the appointment of its members. Notice of the challenge must be given to the arbitral tribunal and the opposing party immediately. The new arbitral tribunal is constituted according to the procedure specified in Articles 361 and 362. The parties may appoint the members of the challenged arbitral tribunal again as arbitrators.Art. 369 Challenge procedure The parties may freely agree on the challenge procedure. Unless the parties have agreed otherwise and if the arbitration proceedings have not yet been concluded, written notice of the challenge stating the grounds must be given to the challenged member of the arbitral tribunal and the other members of the arbitral tribunal within 30 days of the date on which the challenging party becomes aware of the grounds for the challenge or could have become aware thereof had it exercised due diligence. The challenging party may within 30 days of filing the challenge request a decision by the body designated by the parties or, if no such body has been designated, by the state court that has jurisdiction under Article 356 paragraph 2. Unless the parties have agreed otherwise, the arbitral tribunal may continue with the arbitration during the challenge procedure and make an award without excluding the challenged arbitrator. The decision on the challenge may be contested only once the first arbitral award has been made. Amended by Annex No 2 of the FA of 19 June 2020, in force since 1 Jan. 2021  (AS 2020 4179; BBl 2018 7163). Amended by Annex No 2 of the FA of 19 June 2020, in force since 1 Jan. 2021  (AS 2020 4179; BBl 2018 7163).Art. 370 Removal Any member of the arbitral tribunal may be removed by a written agreement of the parties. If a member of the arbitral tribunal is unable to fulfil his or her duties within due time or with due care, unless the parties have agreed otherwise, he or she may be removed at a party's request by the body designated by the parties or, if no such body has been designated, by the ordinary court that has jurisdiction under Article 356 paragraph 2. Article 369 paragraph 5 applies to the challenge of the removal. Amended by Annex No 2 of the FA of 19 June 2020, in force since 1 Jan. 2021  (AS 2020 4179; BBl 2018 7163).Art. 371 Replacement of an arbitrator If an arbitrator must be replaced, the same procedure as for appointment applies, unless the parties agree or have agreed otherwise. If replacement cannot be effected in this way, the new arbitrator shall be nominated by the ordinary court that has jurisdiction under Article 356 paragraph 2 unless the arbitration agreement excludes this possibility or becomes ineffective on the retirement of an arbitrator. In the absence of an agreement between the parties, the newly constituted arbitral tribunal shall decide on the extent to which procedural acts in which the replaced arbitrator has participated must repeated. The deadline within which the arbitral tribunal must issue its award is not suspended during the replacement procedure.Title 5 Arbitration ProceedingsArt. 372 Pendency Arbitration proceedings become pending:a. when a party seises the arbitral tribunal designated in the arbitration agreement; orb. if no arbitral tribunal is designated in the arbitration agreement: when a party initiates the procedure to constitute the arbitral tribunal or the preceding conciliation proceedings agreed by the parties. If identical actions between the same parties are submitted before an ordinary court and an arbitral tribunal, the last seised court shall suspend the proceedings until the first seised court has decided on its competence.Art. 373 General rules of procedure The parties may regulate the arbitration procedure:a. themselves;b. by referring to a set of arbitration rules;c. according to a procedural law of their choice. If the parties have not regulated the procedure, it is determined by the arbitral tribunal. The chairperson of the arbitral tribunal may decide on certain procedural questions if he or she is authorised to do so by the parties or by the other members of the tribunal. The arbitral tribunal must guarantee the equal treatment of the parties and their right to be heard in adversarial proceedings. Each party may act through a representative. An objection to a breach of the rules of procedure must be filed immediately after it has been recognised or would have been recognisable had due diligence been exercised, otherwise it may not subsequently be claimed that the rules were breached. Amended by Annex No 2 of the FA of 19 June 2020, in force since 1 Jan. 2021  (AS 2020 4179; BBl 2018 7163).Art. 374 Interim measures, security and damages The ordinary court or, unless the parties have otherwise agreed, the arbitral tribunal may at the request of a party order interim measures, including measures to protect the evidence. If the person concerned does not comply with the measure ordered by the arbitral tribunal, the tribunal or a party may apply to the ordinary court for it to issue the necessary orders; if the application is made by a party, it requires the consent of the arbitral tribunal. The arbitral tribunal or the ordinary court may make the interim measures conditional on the payment of security if it is anticipated that the measures may cause harm to the other party. The applicant is liable for the harm caused by unjustified interim measures. If he or she proves, however, that the application for the measures was made in good faith, the arbitral tribunal or the ordinary court may reduce the damages or relieve the applicant entirely from liability. The aggrieved party may assert his or her claim in the pending arbitration. The security must be released once it is established that no claim for damages will be filed; where there is uncertainty, the court shall set a deadline for filing the action.Art. 375 Taking of evidence and participation of the ordinary court  The arbitral tribunal takes the evidence itself. If the taking of evidence or any other procedural act requires the assistance of the official authorities, the arbitral tribunal may request the participation of the ordinary court that has jurisdiction under Article 356 paragraph 2. With the consent of the arbitral tribunal, the same may also be requested by a party. The members of the arbitral tribunal may participate in the procedural acts of the ordinary court and may ask questions.Art. 376 Joinder of parties, joinder of actions and participation of third parties Arbitration may be initiated by or against joint parties if:a. all the parties are connected among themselves by one or more corresponding arbitration agreements; andb. the asserted claims are identical or factually connected. Factually connected claims between the same parties may be joined in the same arbitration proceedings if they are the subject of corresponding arbitration agreements between these parties. The intervention of a third party and the joinder of a person notified as a party to an action require an arbitration agreement between the third party and the parties to the dispute and are subject to the consent of the arbitral tribunal.Art. 377 Set-off and counterclaim The arbitral tribunal has jurisdiction to decide the set-off defence, even if the claim to be set off does not fall within the scope of the arbitration agreement or is subject to another arbitration agreement or an agreement on jurisdiction. The counterclaim is admissible if it concerns a claim that is covered by a corresponding arbitration agreement between the parties.Art. 378 Advance of costs The arbitral tribunal may order the advance of the presumed costs of the proceedings and may make the proceedings conditional on the payment of the advance. Unless the parties have agreed otherwise, the arbitral tribunal determines the amount to be paid by each party. If one party does not pay the required advance, the other party may advance the entire costs or withdraw from the arbitration. In the latter case, the party withdrawing may initiate new arbitration proceedings for the same matter or proceed before the ordinary court.Art. 379 Security for party costsIf the plaintiff appears to be insolvent, the arbitral tribunal may at the defendant's request order that security be provided by a certain deadline for the probable party costs due by the defendant. Article 378 paragraph 2 applies by analogy. Art. 380 Legal aidLegal aid is excluded.Title 6 Arbitral AwardArt. 381 Applicable law The arbitral tribunal decides:a. according to the rules of law chosen by the parties; orb. based on equity, if the parties have authorised it to do so. In the absence of such choice or authorisation, it shall decide according to the law that an ordinary court would apply.Art. 382 Deliberations and decision All members of the arbitral tribunal must participate in the deliberations and decisions. If an arbitrator refuses to participate in a deliberation or a decision, the others may deliberate or decide without him or her, unless the parties have agreed otherwise. The award is determined by a majority decision, unless the parties have agreed otherwise. If no majority is reached, the award is determined by the chairperson.Art. 383 Interim and partial awardsUnless the parties have agreed otherwise, the arbitral tribunal may limit the proceedings to certain questions or prayers for relief.Art. 384 Content of the award The award contains details of:a. the composition of the arbitral tribunal;b. the location where the arbitral tribunal sits;c. the parties and their representatives;d. the parties' prayers for relief or, if none, the question to be decided;e. unless the parties have explicitly dispensed with this requirement: a statement of the facts, the legal considerations and, if applicable, the considerations in equity;f. the conclusions on the award on the merits, as well as the amount and allocation of the costs and party costs;g. the date of the award. The award must be signed; the signature of the chairperson suffices.Art. 385 Agreement between the partiesIf the parties settle their dispute in the course of the arbitral proceedings, the arbitral tribunal shall on request record the agreement in the form of an award.Art. 386 Notice and deposit Each party is served with notice of the award. Each party may at his or her own expense deposit a copy of the award with the ordinary court that has jurisdiction under Article 356 paragraph 1. At the request of a party, this court shall certify the award as enforceable.Art. 387 Effect of the awardOnce notice of the award has been given to the parties, it has the effect of a legally-binding and enforceable judicial decision.Art. 388 Correction, explanation and amendment of the award Either party may apply to the arbitral tribunal to:a. correct typographical and arithmetical errors in the award;b. explain specific parts of the award;c. or issue a supplementary award in relation to claims made in the arbitration proceedings that were not considered in the award. The application must be made to the arbitral tribunal within 30 days from the discovery of the error or the parts of the award that need to be explained or amended, but no later than one year from receiving notice of the award. The application does not affect the deadlines for filing appeals. A new period for filing an appeal in relation to the corrected, explained or supplemented part of the award begins from the date on which notice of the correction, explanation or supplement is given. Amended by Annex No 2 of the FA of 19 June 2020, in force since 1 Jan. 2021  (AS 2020 4179; BBl 2018 7163).Title 7 Appellate RemediesChapter 1 ObjectionsArt. 389 Objection to the Federal Supreme Court An arbitral award is subject to objection to the Federal Supreme Court. The procedure is governed by the Federal Supreme Court Act of 17 June 2005, unless otherwise provided in this Chapter. SR 173.110Art. 390 Objection to the cantonal court By express declaration in the arbitration agreement or in a subsequent agreement, the parties may agree that the arbitral award may be contested by way of objection to the cantonal court that has jurisdiction under Article 356 paragraph 1. The procedure is governed by Articles 319 to 327, unless otherwise provided in this Chapter. The decision of the cantonal court is final.Art. 391 SubsidiarityAn objection is only admissible after the means of arbitral appeal provided for in the arbitration agreement are exhausted.Art. 392 Challengeable awardsAn objection is admissible against:a. partial and final awards;b. interim awards on the grounds listed in Article 393 letters a and b.Art. 393 Grounds for objectionAn arbitral award may be contested on the following grounds:a. the single arbitrator was appointed or the arbitral tribunal composed in an irregular manner;b. the arbitral tribunal wrongly declared itself to have or not to have jurisdiction;c. the arbitral tribunal decided issues that were not submitted to it or failed to decide on a prayer for relief; d. the principles of equal treatment of the parties or the right to be heard were violated;e. the award is arbitrary in its result because it is based on findings that are obviously contrary to the facts as stated in the case files or because it constitutes an obvious violation of law or equity;f. the costs and compensation fixed by the arbitral tribunal are obviously excessive.Art. 394 Remit for rectification or amendmentAfter hearing the parties, the appellate court may remit the award to the arbitral tribunal, setting a deadline to rectify or amend it.Art. 395 Decision If the award is not remitted to the arbitral tribunal or if it is not rectified or amended by the tribunal within the set deadline, the appellate court shall decide and, if the objection is approved, shall set aside the award. If the award is set aside, the arbitral tribunal shall make a new award consistent with the considerations taken into account in the decision to remit the case. If the tribunal is no longer complete, Article 371 applies. Setting aside may be limited to certain parts of the award if the other parts do not depend on them. If the arbitral award is contested on the grounds that the compensation and costs are obviously excessive, the appellate court may itself decide on them. Second sentence inserted by Annex No 2 of the FA of 19 June 2020, in force since  1 Jan. 2021 (AS 2020 4179; BBl 2018 7163).Chapter 2 ReviewArt. 396 Grounds for review A party may request the ordinary court that has jurisdiction under Article 356 paragraph 1 to review an arbitral award if: a. the party subsequently discovers significant facts or decisive evidence that could not have been submitted in the earlier proceedings, excluding facts and evidence that arose after the arbitral award was made;b. criminal proceedings have established that the arbitral award was influenced to the detriment of the party concerned by a felony or misdemeanour, even if no one is convicted by a criminal court; if criminal proceedings are not possible, proof may be provided in some other manner;c. it is claimed that the acceptance, withdrawal or settlement of the claim is invalid;d. a ground for challenge under Article 367 paragraph 1 letter c only came to light after conclusion of the arbitration proceedings despite exercising due diligence and no other legal remedy is available. The review on the grounds of a violation of the ECHR may be requested if: a. the European Court of Human Rights has determined in a final judgment (Art. 44 ECHR) that the ECHR or its protocols have been violated, or the case has been concluded by means of a friendly settlement (Art. 39 ECHR);b. compensation is not an appropriate remedy for the effects of the violation; andc. the review is necessary to remedy the violation. Inserted by Annex No 2 of the FA of 19 June 2020, in force since 1 Jan. 2021  (AS 2020 4179; BBl 2018 7163). SR 0.101 Amended by Annex No 2 of the FA of 1 Oct. 2021, in force since 1 July 2022  (AS 2022 289; BBl 2021 300, 889).Art. 397 Deadlines The request for review must be filed within 90 days of discovery of the grounds for review. The right to request for a review expires 10 years after the award comes into force, except in cases under Article 396 paragraph 1 letter b.Art. 398 ProcedureThe procedure is governed by Articles 330 to 331.Art. 399 Remit to the arbitral tribunal If the court approves the request for review, it shall set aside the arbitral award and remit the case to the arbitral tribunal for a new decision. If the arbitral tribunal is no longer complete, Article 371 applies.Part 4 Final ProvisionsTitle 1 Implementation Art. 400 Principles The Federal Council shall issue the implementing provisions. It provides forms for court records and party submissions. The forms for the parties must be designed in a way that they can be completed by persons who are not legally trained. The Federal Council may delegate responsibility for issuing administrative and technical regulations to the Federal Office of Justice.Art. 401 Pilot projects The cantons may carry out pilot projects with the consent of the Federal Council. The Federal Council may delegate competence for the approval of such projects to the Federal Office of Justice.Title 2 Amendment of LegislationArt. 402 Repeal and amendment of current legislationThe repeal and amendment of existing legislation is dealt with in Annex 1.Art. 403 Coordination provisionsThe coordination of this Code with provisions of other enactments is dealt with in Annex 2.Title 3 Transitional ProvisionsChapter 1 Transitional Provisions of 19 December 2008 Inserted by No I 1 of the FA of 28 Sept. 2012 (Transcription Regulations), in force since 1 May 2013 (AS 2013 851; BBl 2012 5707 5719).Art. 404 Continued application of the previous law Proceedings that are pending when this Code comes into force are governed by the previous procedural law until the close of the proceedings before the respective instance. Territorial jurisdiction is governed by the new law. However, jurisdiction conferred under the previous law continues.Art. 405 Appellate remedies Appellate remedies are governed by the law in force when notice of the decision is given to the parties. The review of a decision notified under the previous law is governed by the new law.Art. 406 Agreement on jurisdictionThe validity of an agreement on jurisdiction is governed by the law in force at the time of conclusion of the agreement.Art. 407 Arbitration The validity of arbitration agreements concluded before the commencement of this Code is governed by the law that favours the agreement. Arbitration proceedings that are pending on the commencement of this Code are governed by the previous law. The parties may, however, agree on the application of the new law. Appellate remedies are governed by the law in force when notice of the arbitral award is given to the parties. Judicial proceedings under Article 356 that are pending on the commencement of this Code are governed by the previous law.Chapter 2 Transitional Provision to the Amendment of 28 September 2012 Inserted by No I 1 of the FA of 28 Sept. 2012 (Transcription Regulations), in force since 1 May 2013 (AS 2013 851; BBl 2012 5707 5719).Art. 407aIn proceedings that are pending when the Amendment of 28 September 2012 to this Code comes into force, the new law applies to procedural acts from the date on which the Amendment comes into forceChapter 3 Transitional Provision to the Amendment of 20 March 2015 Inserted by Annex No 2 of the FA of 20 March 2015 (Child Maintenance), in force since 1 Jan. 2017 (AS 2015 4299; BBl 2014 529).Art. 407b The new law applies to proceedings that are pending when the Amendment of 20 March 2015 comes into force.  New prayers for relief that are filed as a result of the change in the law applicable are permitted; uncontested parts of a decision remain binding unless they are so closely materially connected with prayers for relief that have yet to be judged that it is reasonable to judge the entire matter.Chapter 4 Transitional Provision to the Amendment of 19 June 2015 Inserted by Annex No 2 of the FA of 19 June 2015 (Equitable Division of Pensions on Divorce), in force since 1 Jan. 2017 (AS 2016 2313; BBl 2013 4887).Art. 407c The new law applies to divorce proceedings that are pending when the Amendment of 19 June 2015 comes into force.  New prayers for relief that are filed as a result of the change in the law applicable are permitted; uncontested parts of a decision remain binding unless they are so closely materially connected with prayers for relief that have yet to be judged that it is reasonable to judge the entire matter.Chapter 5 Transitional Provision to the Amendment of 14 December 2018 Inserted by No I 2 of the FA of 14 Dec. 2018 on Improving the Protection of Persons Affected by Violence, in force since 1 July 2020 (AS 2019 2273; BBl 2017 7307).Art. 407dThe new law applies to proceedings pending when the amendment of 14 December 2018 comes into force.Chapter 6 Transitional Provision to the Amendment of 25 September 2020 Inserted by Annex 1 No II of the Data Protection Act of 25 Sept. 2020, in force since 1 Sept. 2023 (AS 2022 491; BBl 2017 6941).Art. 407eThe new law applies to proceedings pending when the amendment of 25 September 2020 comes into force.Title 4 Referendum and CommencementArt. 408 This Code is subject to an optional referendum. The Federal Council shall determine the commencement date.Commencement Date: 1 January 2011 FCD of 31 March 2010.Annex 1(Art. 402)Repeal and Amendment of Current LegislationI.  Repeal of current legislationThe Civil Jurisdiction Act of 24 March 2000 is repealed. [AS 2000 2355, 2004 2617 Annex No 3, 2005 5685 Annex No 14, 2006 5379  Annex No II 2]II.  Amendment of current legislationThe federal acts below are amended as follows:... The amendments may be consulted under AS 2010 1739.Annex 2(Art. 403)Coordination Provisions1.  Coordination of the Civil Procedure Code with the new Nuclear Energy Public Liability ActIrrespective of whether the Nuclear Energy Public Liability Act of 13 June 2008 (new NEPLA) or the Civil Procedure Code of 19 December 2008 (CPC) comes into force first, on commencement of the enactment that comes into force later or if both enactments come into force on the same date, the CPC shall be amended as follows: ... SR 732.44; BBl 2008 5339 The amendments may be consulted under AS 2010 1739.2.  Coordination of Number 19 of Annex 1 with the new NEPLAIrrespective of whether the new NEPLAor the CPC comes into force first, on commencement of the enactment that comes into force later or if both enactments come into force on the same date, Number 19 of Annex 1 of the CPC ceases to apply and the new NEPLA shall be amended in accordance with Number 20 of Annex 1 of the CPC. SR 732.44; BBl 2008 53393.  Coordination with the Amendment of the Civil Code (CC) of 19 December 2008 (Protection of Adults, Law of Persons and Law on Children) Irrespective of whether the amendment of the CC of 19 December 2008 (protection of adults, law of persons and law on children) of the CPC comes into force first, on commencement of the enactment that comes into force later or if both enactments come into force on the same date, the CPC shall be amended as follows:... SR 210; BBl 2009 141 The amendments may be consulted under AS 2010 1739.

input-rm272 Rumantsch è ina lingua naziunala, ma ina lingua parzialmain uffiziala da la Confederaziun, numnadamain en la correspundenza cun persunas da lingua rumantscha. La translaziun d’in decret federal serva a l’infurmaziun, n’ha dentant nagina validitad legala.Cudesch da procedura civila svizzer(Cudesch da procedura civila, CPC)dals 19 da december 2008 (versiun dal 1. da settember 2023)L’Assamblea federala da la Confederaziun svizra,sa basond sin l’artitgel 122 alinea 1 da la Constituziun federala, suenter avair gì invista da la missiva dal Cussegl federal dals 28 da zercladur 2006,concluda: SR 101 BBl 2006 72211. part Disposiziuns generalas1. titel Object e champ d’applicaziunArt. 1 ObjectQuesta lescha regla la procedura davant las instanzas chantunalas per:a. chaussas civilas dispitaivlas;b. ordinaziuns giudizialas da la giurisdicziun voluntara;c. fatschentas giudizialas dal dretg da scussiun e da concurs;d. la giurisdicziun da cumpromiss.Art. 2 Relaziuns internaziunalasLas disposiziuns dal dretg da contracts internaziunals e las disposiziuns da la Lescha federala dals 18 da december 1987 davart il dretg internaziunal privat (LDIP) restan resalvadas. SR 291Art. 3 Organisaziun da las dretgiras e da las autoritads da mediaziunL’organisaziun da las dretgiras e da las autoritads da mediaziun è chaussa dals chantuns, nun che questa lescha disponia insatge auter.2. titel Cumpetenza da las dretgiras e recusaziun1. chapitel Cumpetenza materiala e funcziunalaArt. 4 Princips Il dretg chantunal regla la cumpetenza materiala e funcziunala da las dretgiras, nun che questa lescha disponia insatge auter. Sche la cumpetenza materiala dependa da la valur en dispita, vegn quella calculada tenor questa lescha.Art. 5 Suletta instanza chantunala Il dretg chantunal designescha la dretgira ch’è cumpetenta sco suletta instanza chantunala per:a. dispitas en connex cun la proprietad intellectuala, inclusiv las dispitas che concernan la nullitad, la titularitad, il licenziament, il transferiment e la violaziun da tals dretgs;b. dispitas dal dretg da cartels;c. dispitas davart l’utilisaziun d’ina firma;d. dispitas tenor la Lescha federala dals 19 da december 1986 davart la concurrenza illoiala, sche la valur en dispita importa passa 30 000 francs u sche la Confederaziun fa diever da ses dretg da purtar plant;e. dispitas tenor la Lescha federala dals 13 da zercladur 2008 davart la responsabladad civila per l’energia nucleara;f. plants cunter la Confederaziun;g. dispitas davart l’introducziun e la realisaziun d’ina controlla speziala tenor ils artitgels 697c–697h dal Dretg d’obligaziuns (DO);h. dispitas tenor la Lescha dals 23 da zercladur 2006 davart las investiziuns collectivas, tenor la Lescha dals 19 da zercladur 2015 da las infrastructuras da finanzas e tenor la Lescha federala dals 15 da zercladur 2018 davart ils instituts da finanzas;i. dispitas tenor la Lescha dals 21 da zercladur 2013 davart la protecziun da las vopnas, tenor la Lescha federala dals 25 da mars 1954 davart la protecziun da l’emblem e dal num da la Crusch Cotschna e tenor la Lescha federala dals 15 da december 1961 davart la protecziun dals nums e dals emblems da l’Organisaziun da las Naziuns Unidas e d’autras organisaziuns interguvernamentalas. Questa instanza è er cumpetenta per ordinar mesiras preventivas avant l’entrada da la litispendenza d’in plant. SR 241 Versiun tenor la cifra 1 da l’agiunta 2, en vigur dapi il 1. da schan. 2022 (AS 2010 1739; BBl 2006 7221; AS 2022 43; BBl 2007 5397). SR 732.44 Versiun tenor la cifra 3 da l’agiunta da la LF dals 19 da zer. 2020 (dretg d’aczias), en vigur dapi il 1. da schan. 2023 (AS 2020 4005; 2022 109; BBl 2017 399).SR 220 Versiun tenor la cifra II 4 da l’agiunta da la LF dals 15 da zer. 2018 davart ils instituts da finanzas, en vigur dapi il 1. da schan. 2020 (AS 2018 5247, 2019 4631; BBl 2015 8901). SR 951.31 SR 958.1 SR 954.1 Integrà tras la cifra II 3 da l’agiunta 3 da la Lescha da las vopnas dals 21 da zer. 2013 davart la protecziun, en vigur dapi il 1. da schan. 2017 (AS 2015 3679; BBl 2009 8533). SR 232.21 SR 232.22 SR 232.23Art. 6 Dretgira commerziala Ils chantuns pon designar ina dretgira spezialisada ch’è cumpetenta sco suletta instanza chantunala per dispitas dal dretg commerzial (dretgira commerziala). I sa tracta d’ina dispita dal dretg commerzial, sche:a. l’activitad commerziala d’almain ina partida è pertutgada;b. ins po far recurs en chaussas civilas tar il Tribunal federal cunter la decisiun; ec. las partidas èn inscrittas en il register svizzer da commerzi u en in register ester cumparegliabel. Sche mo la partida accusada è inscritta en il register svizzer da commerzi u en in register ester cumparegliabel, ma sche las ulteriuras premissas èn ademplidas, po la partida accusanta tscherner tranter la dretgira commerziala e la dretgira ordinaria. Ultra da quai pon ils chantuns attribuir a la dretgira commerziala:a. las dispitas tenor l’artitgel 5 alinea 1;b. las dispitas che concernan il dretg da societads commerzialas e d’associaziuns. La dretgira commerziala è er cumpetenta per ordinar mesiras preventivas avant l’entrada da la litispendenza d’in plant.Art. 7 Dretgira per dispitas che resultan tras assicuranzas supplementaras a l’assicuranza da malsauns socialaIls chantuns pon designar ina dretgira ch’è cumpetenta sco suletta instanza chantunala per dispitas che resultan tras assicuranzas supplementaras a l’assicuranza da malsauns sociala tenor la Lescha federala dals 18 da mars 1994 davart l’assicuranza da malsauns. SR 832.10Art. 8 Plant direct davant la dretgira superiura Sche la valur en dispita d’ina dispita dal dretg patrimonial importa almain 100 000 francs, po la partida accusanta sa drizzar directamain a la dretgira superiura, sche la partida accusada è d’accord. Questa dretgira decida sco suletta instanza chantunala.2. chapitel Cumpetenza locala1. secziun Disposiziuns generalasArt. 9 Cumpetenza stringenta Ina dretgira cumpetenta è mo stringenta, sche quai vegn prescrit explicitamain da la lescha. D’ina dretgira cumpetenta stringenta na pon las partidas betg divergiar.Art. 10 Domicil e sedia Uschenavant che questa lescha na dispona nagut auter, è cumpetenta:a. la dretgira a ses domicil per plants cunter ina persuna natirala;b. la dretgira a sia sedia per plants cunter ina persuna giuridica, cunter instituziuns e cunter corporaziuns dal dretg public sco er cunter societads collectivas e commanditaras;c. la dretgira superiura dal chantun Berna u la dretgira superiura da quel chantun, en il qual la partida accusanta ha ses domicil, sia sedia u sia dimora usitada, per plants cunter la Confederaziun;d. ina dretgira a la chapitala dal chantun per plants cunter in chantun. Il domicil sa determinescha tenor il Cudesch civil svizzer (CCS). L’artitgel 24 CCS n’è betg applitgabel. SR 210Art. 11 Lieu da dimora Sche la partida accusada n’ha betg in domicil, è cumpetenta la dretgira en ses lieu da dimora usità. Il lieu da dimora usità è là, nua che la persuna viva durant in temp pli lung, er sche la durada da la dimora è limitada gia d’emprim ennà. Sche la partida accusada n’ha betg in lieu da dimora usità, è cumpetenta la dretgira en ses ultim lieu da dimora enconuschent.Art. 12 Fatschenta e filialaPer plants che resultan tras la gestiun d’ina fatschenta commerziala u professiunala u d’ina filiala è cumpetenta la dretgira al domicil u a la sedia da la partida accusada u la dretgira al lieu da la filiala.Art. 13 Mesiras preventivasUschenavant che questa lescha na dispona nagut auter, è stringentamain cumpetenta per ordinar mesiras preventivas:a. la dretgira ch’è cumpetenta per la chaussa principala; ub. la dretgira dal lieu, nua che la mesira duai vegnir exequida.Art. 14 Cuntraplant A la dretgira che ha la cumpetenza locala per il plant principal pon ins inoltrar in cuntraplant, sche quel stat en in connex material cun il plant principal. Questa dretgira resta cumpetenta, er sch’il plant principal scroda per in motiv u l’auter.Art. 15 Litisconsorzi ed accumulaziun da plants Sch’il plant sa drizza cunter plirs litisconsorts, è la dretgira ch’è cumpetenta per ina partida accusada, cumpetenta per tut las partidas accusadas, uschenavant che questa cumpetenza na sa basa betg mo sin ina cunvegna davart la dretgira cumpetenta. Sche pliras pretensiuns cunter ina partida accusada stattan en in connex material, è mintga dretgira ch’è cumpetenta per ina da las pretensiuns, cumpetenta per tut las autras pretensiuns.Art. 16 Plant sin denunzia da la dispitaPer il plant sin denunzia da la dispita è cumpetenta la dretgira dal process principal.Art. 17 Cunvegna davart la dretgira cumpetenta Las partidas pon fixar ina dretgira cumpetenta per ina dispita giuridica existenta u futura davart pretensiuns che resultan tras ina tscherta relaziun giuridica, nun che questa lescha disponia insatge auter. Sche la cunvegna na dispona nagut auter, po il plant vegnir inoltrà sulettamain a la dretgira cumpetenta fixada. La cunvegna sto vegnir fatga en scrit u en in’autra furma che permetta da la cumprovar a maun d’in text.Art. 18 Acceptaziun taciturnaUschenavant che questa lescha na dispona nagut auter, daventa la dretgira appellada cumpetenta, cur che la partida accusada s’exprima en chaussa senza far resalvas davart la cumpetenza.Art. 19 Giurisdicziun voluntaraEn chaussas da la giurisdicziun voluntara è stringentamain cumpetenta la dretgira u l’autoritad al domicil u a la sedia da la partida petenta, nun che questa lescha disponia insatge auter.2. secziun Dretg da persunasArt. 20 Protecziun da la persunalitad e protecziun da datasLa dretgira al domicil u a la sedia d’ina da las partidas è cumpetenta per:a. plants che resultan tras la violaziun da la persunalitad;b. dumondas concernent il dretg da replica;c. plants sin protecziun dal num e sin contestaziun d’ina midada dal num;d. plants e dumondas tenor la Lescha federala dals 25 da settember 2020 davart la protecziun da datas (LPD). Versiun tenor la cifra II 24 da l’agiunta 1 da la LF dals 25 da sett. 2020 davart la protecziun da datas, en vigur dapi il 1. da sett. 2023 (AS 2022 491; BBl 2017 6941). SR 235.1Art. 21 Decleranza da mort e da spariziunPer dumondas che concernan ina decleranza da mort u da spariziun (art. 34 fin 38 CCS) è stringentamain cumpetenta la dretgira a l’ultim domicil enconuschent da la persuna sparida. SR 210Art. 22 Rectificaziun dal register dal stadi civilPer plants che concernan ina rectificaziun dal register dal stadi civil è stringentamain cumpetenta la dretgira da quel circul d’uffizi, en il qual la documentaziun è vegnida rectifitgada u avess stuì vegnir rectifitgada.3. secziun Dretg da famigliaArt. 23 Inoltraziuns e plants dal dretg matrimonial Per dumondas e per plants dal dretg matrimonial sco er per dumondas d’ordinar mesiras preventivas è stringentamain cumpetenta la dretgira al domicil d’ina partida. Per dumondas da l’autoritad da surveglianza en fatgs da scussiun d’ordinar la separaziun dals bains è stringentamain cumpetenta la dretgira al domicil dal debitur.Art. 24 Inoltraziuns e plants concernent il partenadi registràPer dumondas e per plants concernent il partenadi registrà sco er per dumondas d’ordinar mesiras preventivas è stringentamain cumpetenta la dretgira al domicil d’ina partida.Art. 25 Constataziun e contestaziun da la relaziun da figlialanzaPer plants sin constataziun e sin contestaziun da la relaziun da figlialanza è stringentamain cumpetenta la dretgira al domicil d’ina da las partidas.Art. 26 Plants sin mantegniment e sin sustegnPer plants independents dals uffants sin mantegniment e sin sustegn cunter lur geniturs e per plants sin obligaziun da sustegn cunter parents è stringentamain cumpetenta la dretgira al domicil d’ina da las partidas.Art. 27 Pretensiuns da mammas betg maridadasPer pretensiuns da mammas betg maridadas è stringentamain cumpetenta la dretgira al domicil d’ina da las partidas.4. secziun Dretg d’iertaArt. 28 Per plants dal dretg d’ierta sco er per plants sin liquidaziun dals bains matrimonials en cas da mort d’in conjugal u d’in partenari registrà è cumpetenta la dretgira a l’ultim domicil dal testader. Per mesiras en connex cun la successiun d’ierta è stringentamain cumpetenta l’autoritad a l’ultim domicil dal testader. Sch’il testader n’è betg mort a ses domicil, infurmescha l’autoritad dal lieu da la mort l’autoritad dal domicil e prenda las mesiras necessarias per segirar las valurs da facultad al lieu da la mort. Plants independents sin attribuziun d’in manaschi u d’in bain immobigliar agricul tenor il dretg d’ierta pon er vegnir inoltrads al lieu, nua che l’object sa chatta.5. secziun Dretgs realsArt. 29 Bains immobigliars La dretgira al lieu, nua ch’il bain immobigliar è vegnì inscrit u stuess vegnir inscrit en il register funsil, è cumpetenta per:a. plants reals;b. plants cunter la cuminanza dals proprietaris en condomini;c. plants sin constituziun da dretgs da pegn legals. Auters plants che sa refereschan a dretgs vi da bains immobigliars pon er vegnir inoltrads a la dretgira al domicil u a la sedia da la partida accusada. Sch’in plant sa referescha a plirs bains immobigliars u sch’il bain immobigliar è vegnì inscrit en il register funsil en plirs circuls, è cumpetenta la dretgira en quel lieu, nua ch’il bain immobigliar cun la surfatscha la pli gronda u nua che la surfatscha la pli gronda dal bain immobigliar sa chatta. En chaussas da la giurisdicziun voluntara che sa refereschan a dretgs vi da bains immobigliars è stringentamain cumpetenta la dretgira en quel lieu, nua ch’il bain immobigliar è vegnì inscrit u stuess vegnir inscrit en il register funsil.Art. 30 Chaussas moviblas Per plants che concernan dretgs reals, il possess da chaussas moviblas e pretensiuns garantidas tras in pegn movibel è cumpetenta la dretgira al domicil u a la sedia da la partida accusada u la dretgira al lieu, nua che la chaussa sa chatta. En chaussas da la giurisdicziun voluntara è stringentamain cumpetenta la dretgira al domicil u a la sedia da la partida petenta u la dretgira al lieu, nua che la chaussa sa chatta.6. secziun Plants che resultan tras contractsArt. 31 PrincipPer plants che resultan tras contracts è cumpetenta la dretgira al domicil u a la sedia da la partida accusada u la dretgira al lieu, nua che la prestaziun caracteristica sto vegnir furnida.Art. 32 Contracts cun consuments Per dispitas che resultan tras contracts cun consuments è cumpetenta:a. la dretgira al domicil u a la sedia d’ina da las partidas per plants dal consument;b. la dretgira al domicil da la partida accusada per plants da l’offerent. Sco contracts cun consuments valan contracts davart prestaziuns dal consum usità ch’èn destinadas als basegns persunals u famigliars dal consument e che vegnan purschidas da l’autra partida en il rom da sia activitad professiunala u commerziala.Art. 33 Locaziun e fittanza da chaussas immoviblasPer plants che resultan tras la locaziun e tras la fittanza da chaussas immoviblas è cumpetenta la dretgira al lieu, nua che la chaussa sa chatta.Art. 34 Dretg da lavur Per plants dal dretg da lavur è cumpetenta la dretgira al domicil u a la sedia da la partida accusada u la dretgira al lieu, nua ch’il lavurant exequescha per ordinari sia lavur. Per plants che vegnan inoltrads d’ina persuna che tschertga ina plazza e d’in lavurant sin basa da la Lescha federala dals 6 d’october 1989 davart l’intermediaziun da lavur e l’emprest da persunal è ultra da quai cumpetenta la dretgira al lieu da la sedia da la fatschenta da l’intermediatur u da l’emprestader. SR 823.11Art. 35 Renunzia a las dretgiras cumpetentas tenor la lescha Betg renunziar gia ordavant u tras acceptaziun taciturna a las dretgiras cumpetentas tenor ils artitgels 32 fin 34 na pon:a. il consument;b. il locatari u il fittadin da locals d’abitar u da fatschenta;c. il fittadin agricul;d. la persuna che tschertga ina plazza u il lavurant. Resalvada resta la conclusiun d’ina cunvegna davart la dretgira cumpetenta suenter l’entrada da la dispita.7. secziun Plants che resultan d’acziuns scumandadasArt. 36 PrincipPer plants che resultan d’acziuns scumandadas è cumpetenta la dretgira al domicil u a la sedia da la persuna donnegiada u da la partida accusada ubain la dretgira al lieu da l’acziun u da l’eveniment.Art. 37 Indemnisaziun dal donn en cas da mesiras preventivas nungiustifitgadasPer plants sin indemnisaziun dal donn che resultan tras mesiras preventivas nungiustifitgadas è cumpetenta la dretgira al domicil u a la sedia da la partida accusada u la dretgira al lieu, nua che la mesira preventiva era vegnida ordinada.Art. 38 Accidents da vehichels a motor e da velos Per plants che resultan tras accidents da vehichels a motor e da velos è cumpetenta la dretgira al domicil u a la sedia da la partida accusada u la dretgira al lieu da l’accident. Per plants cunter il biro naziunal d’assicuranza (art. 74 da la Lescha federala dals 19 da december 1958 davart il traffic sin via; LTV) u cunter il fond naziunal da garanzia (art. 76 LTV) è ultra da quai cumpetenta la dretgira al lieu d’ina filiala da questas instituziuns. SR 741.01Art. 38a Donns nuclears Per plants che resultan tras accidents nuclears è stringentamain cumpetenta la dretgira da quel chantun, nua che l’accident ha gì lieu. Sche quest chantun na po betg vegnir definì cun tschertezza, è stringentamain cumpetenta la dretgira da quel chantun, nua che l’implant nuclear dal possessur responsabel è situà. Sch’i existan pliras dretgiras cumpetentas tenor questas reglas, è stringentamain cumpetenta la dretgira da quel chantun che ha il liom il pli stretg cun l’accident e ch’è pertutgà il pli fitg da las consequenzas da l’accident. Integrà tras la cifra 1 da l’agiunta 2, en vigur dapi il 1. da schan. 2022 (AS 2010 1739; BBl 2006 7221; AS 2022 43; BBl 2007 5397).Art. 39 Plant d’adesiunPer giuditgar plants civils che vegnan fatgs valair sin via d’adesiun resta resalvada la cumpetenza da la dretgira penala.8. secziun Dretg da commerziArt. 40 Dretg da societads e register da commerzi Per plants da responsabladad che resultan tras il dretg da societads è cumpetenta la dretgira al domicil u a la sedia da la partida accusada u la dretgira a la sedia da la societad. Per reinscriver in’unitad giuridica stizzada en il register da commerzi è stringentamain cumpetenta la dretgira a l’ultima sedia inscritta da l’unitad giuridica stizzada. Versiun tenor la cifra 2 da l’agiunta da la LF dals 17 da mars 2017 (dretg dal register da commerzi), en vigur dapi il 1. da schan. 2021 (AS 2020 957; BBl 2015 3617). Integrà tras la cifra 2 da l’agiunta da la LF dals 17 da mars 2017 (dretg dal register da commerzi), en vigur dapi il 1. da schan. 2021 (AS 2020 957; BBl 2015 3617).Art. 41 Abolì tras la cifra II 1 da la LF dals 28 da sett. 2012, cun effect dapi il 1. da matg 2013 (AS 2013 1103; BBl 2011 6873).Art. 42 Fusiuns, partiziuns, transfurmaziuns e transferiments da facultadPer plants che sa basan sin la Lescha da fusiun dals 3 d’october 2003 è cumpetenta la dretgira a la sedia d’in dals subjects giuridics participads. SR 221.301Art. 43 Annullaziun da vaglias e da polissas d’assicuranza; scumond da pajament Per annullar titels da participaziun è stringentamain cumpetenta la dretgira a la sedia da la societad. Per annullar titels da pegn immobigliar è stringentamain cumpetenta la dretgira al lieu, nua ch’il bain immobigliar è vegnì inscrit en il register funsil. Per annullar las ulteriuras vaglias e las polissas d’assicuranza è stringentamain cumpetenta la dretgira al domicil u a la sedia dal debitur. Per pronunziar e per annullar scumonds da pajament che resultan tras cambialas e tras schecs è stringentamain cumpetenta la dretgira al lieu dal pajament.Art. 44 Obligaziuns d’emprestLa cumpetenza locala per l’autorisaziun da convocar la radunanza dals crediturs sa drizza tenor l’artitgel 1165 DO. SR 220Art. 45 Investiziuns collectivasPer plants dals investiders sco er dal represchentant da la cuminanza dals investiders è stringentamain cumpetenta la dretgira a la sedia dal titular da la permissiun pertutgà.9. secziun Dretg da scussiun e da concursArt. 46Per plants tenor la Lescha federala dals 11 d’avrigl 1889 davart la scussiun ed il concurs (LSC) vegn la cumpetenza locala determinada tenor quest chapitel, nun che la LSC prevesia ina dretgira cumpetenta. SR 281.13. chapitel RecusaziunArt. 47 Motivs da recusaziun Ina persuna giudiziala prenda recusaziun, sch’ella:a. ha in interess persunal vi da la chaussa;b. è stada participada a la medema chaussa en in’autra posiziun, en spezial sco commembra d’ina autoritad, sco assistenta giuridica, sco experta, sco perditga u sco mediatura extragiudiziala;c. è u era maridada, viva u ha vivì en partenadi registrà u maina facticamain ina communitad da vita cun ina partida, cun ses represchentant u cun ina persuna ch’è stada participada a la medema chaussa sco commembra da l’instanza precedenta;d. è parenta u quinada cun ina partida en lingia directa u fin e cun il terz grad da la lingia laterala;e. è parenta u quinada en lingia directa u en il segund grad da la lingia laterala cun il represchentant d’ina partida u cun ina persuna ch’è stada participada a la medema chaussa sco commembra da l’instanza precedenta;f. pudess esser implitgada per auters motivs, en spezial pervia d’amicizia u d’inimicizia cun ina partida u cun ses represchentant. Nagin motiv da recusaziun per sasez n’è en spezial la cooperaziun:a. a la decisiun davart la giurisdicziun gratuita;b. a la procedura da mediaziun;c. a l’avertura da dretg tenor ils artitgels 80 fin 84 LSC;d. a l’ordinaziun da mesiras preventivas;e. a la procedura per la protecziun da la lètg. SR 281.1Art. 48 Obligaziun d’annunziaLa persuna giudiziala pertutgada annunzia a temp in eventual motiv da recusaziun e prenda recusaziun da sai anor, sch’ella è da l’avis ch’il motiv saja avant maun.Art. 49 Dumonda da recusaziun Ina partida che vul refusar ina persuna giudiziala sto far immediatamain ina dumonda correspundenta a la dretgira, e quai uschespert ch’ella ha survegnì enconuschientscha dal motiv da recusaziun. Ils fatgs che motiveschan la recusaziun ston vegnir fatgs valair vardaivlamain. La persuna giudiziala pertutgada prenda posiziun davart la dumonda.Art. 50 Decisiun Sch’i vegn contestà in motiv da recusaziun ch’ina partida fa valair, decida la dretgira. Cunter la decisiun pon ins far recurs.Art. 51 Consequenzas da la violaziun da las prescripziuns da recusaziun Acts uffizials, als quals ina persuna che sto prender recusaziun è stada participada, ston vegnir abolids e repetids, sch’ina partida pretenda quai entaifer 10 dis dapi ch’ella ha survegnì enconuschientscha dal motiv da recusaziun. Mesiras da cumprova che na pon betg vegnir repetidas dastgan vegnir resguardadas da la dretgira. Sch’il motiv da recusaziun vegn scuvrì pir suenter la finiziun da la procedura, valan las disposiziuns davart la revisiun.3. titel Princips da procedura e premissas per in process1. chapitel Princips da proceduraArt. 52 Agir en buna faiTut las persunas participadas a la procedura ston agir en buna fai.Art. 53 Attenziun giuridica Las partidas han il dretg d’attenziun giuridica. En spezial pon ellas prender invista da las actas e laschar far copias, nun che interess publics u privats predominants s’opponian a quai.Art. 54 Publicitad da la procedura Las tractativas ed in’eventuala communicaziun da la sentenzia a bucca èn publicas. Las decisiuns vegnan rendidas accessiblas a la publicitad. Il dretg chantunal determinescha, sche la tractativa da la sentenzia è publica. La publicitad po vegnir exclusa per part u dal tuttafatg, sche l’interess public u sche l’interess degn da vegnir protegì d’ina persuna pertutgada pretenda quai. Las proceduras dal dretg da famiglia n’èn betg publicas.Art. 55 Princip da tractativa e d’inquisiziun Las partidas ston preschentar a la dretgira ils fatgs ch’èn la basa da lur dumondas ed inditgar ils meds da cumprova. Resalvadas restan disposiziuns legalas davart la constataziun dals fatgs e davart la registraziun uffiziala da las cumprovas.Art. 56 Interrogaziun tras la dretgiraSch’ils arguments d’ina partida èn obscurs, cuntradictorics, intscherts u evidentamain incumplets, dat la dretgira a questa partida la pussaivladad da sclerir e da cumplettar ses arguments a maun da dumondas correspundentas.Art. 57 Dretg applitgà d’uffiziLa dretgira applitgescha d’uffizi il dretg.Art. 58 Princip da disposiziun e maxima uffiziala La dretgira na dastga betg attribuir ad ina partida dapli u insatge auter che quai ch’ella pretenda e betg pli pauc che quai che la cuntrapartida ha renconuschì. Resalvadas restan disposiziuns legalas, tenor las qualas la dretgira n’è betg liada vi da las propostas da las partidas.2. chapitel Premissas per in processArt. 59 Princip La dretgira entra en in plant u en ina dumonda, sche las premissas per in process èn ademplidas. Questas premissas èn en spezial las suandantas:a. la partida accusanta u petenta ha in interess degn da vegnir protegì;b. la dretgira ha la cumpetenza materiala e locala;c. las partidas èn capablas dad esser partida e da processar;d. la chaussa n’è betg pendenta davant in’autra autoritad;e. la chaussa n’è betg anc vegnida decidida cun vigur legala;f. il pajament anticipà e la segirezza per ils custs da process èn vegnids prestads.Art. 60 Examinaziun da las premissas per in processLa dretgira examinescha d’uffizi, sche las premissas per in process èn ademplidas.Art. 61 Cunvegna da cumpromissSche las partidas han fatg ina cunvegna da cumpromiss davart ina chaussa dispitaivla che po vegnir suttamessa ad in cumpromiss, refusescha la dretgira statala appellada sia cumpetenza, nun che:a. la partida accusada haja acceptà la procedura senza resalvas;b. la dretgira constateschia che la cunvegna da cumpromiss saja evidentamain nunvalaivla u betg ademplibla; uc. la dretgira da cumpromiss na possia betg vegnir nominada per motivs che ston evidentamain vegnir attribuids a la partida accusada en la procedura da cumpromiss.4. titel Litispendenza e consequenzas da la retratga dal plantArt. 62 Cumenzament da la litispendenza Tras l’inoltraziun d’ina dumonda da mediaziun, d’in plant, d’ina dumonda u d’ina dumonda cuminaivla da divorzi cumenza la litispendenza. A las partidas vegn confermada l’entrada d’in plant u d’ina dumonda.Art. 63 Litispendenza en cas che la cumpetenza manca ed en cas ch’il tip da procedura è fauss Sch’in plant, ch’è vegnì retratg u refusà per mancanza da cumpetenza, vegn purtà da nov davant l’autoritad da mediaziun u davant la dretgira cumpetenta entaifer 1 mais dapi la retratga u dapi la decisiun da betg entrar en chaussa, vala la data da l’emprima inoltraziun sco mument da l’entrada da la litispendenza. Il medem vala, sch’in plant n’è betg vegnì inoltrà cun la dretga procedura. Resalvads restan ils termins legals spezials per purtar plant tenor la LSC. SR 281.1Art. 64 Effects da la litispendenza La litispendenza ha en spezial ils suandants effects:a. tranter las medemas partidas na po l’object da dispita betg vegnir fatg pendent davant in’autra autoritad;b. la cumpetenza locala vegn mantegnida. Per observar in termin legal dal dretg privat che sa basa sin il mument ch’il plant è vegnì deponì u inoltrà u che sa basa sin in auter act che iniziescha la procedura, è decisiva la litispendenza tenor questa lescha.Art. 65 Consequenzas da la retratga dal plantTgi che retira in plant tar la dretgira cumpetenta, na po betg pli manar in segund process cunter la medema partida davart il medem object da dispita, sche la dretgira ha gia tramess il plant a la partida accusada e sche quella n’accepta betg la retratga.5. titel Partidas e participaziun da terzas persunas1. chapitel Capacitad d’esser partida e da processarArt. 66 Capacitad d’esser partidaCapabel d’esser partida è tgi ch’è capabel da giudair dretgs u tgi che dastga sa preschentar sco partida tenor il dretg federal.Art. 67 Capacitad da processar Capabel da processar è, tgi ch’è abel d’agir. Per tgi che n’è betg abel d’agir agescha sia represchentanza legala. Uschenavant ch’ina persuna inabla d’agir è abla da giuditgar, po ella:a. far diever independentamain da ses dretgs che sa basan sin sia persunalitad;b. prender sezza las mesiras provisoricas necessarias, sch’i resulta in privel dal retard.2. chapitel Represchentanza da las partidasArt. 68 Represchentanza contractuala Mintga partida ch’è capabla da processar po sa laschar represchentar en il process. Da represchentar professiunalmain las partidas èn autorisads:a. en tut las proceduras: advocats ch’èn autorisads da represchentar partidas davant dretgiras svizras tenor la Lescha dals 23 da zercladur 2000 davart las advocatas ed ils advocats;b. davant l’autoritad da mediaziun, en dispitas dal dretg patrimonial en la procedura simplifitgada sco er en chaussas da la procedura summarica: curaturs patentads sco er agents da dretg, uschenavant ch’il dretg chantunal prevesa quai;c. en chaussas da la procedura summarica tenor l’artitgel 251 da questa lescha: represchentants professiunals tenor l’artitgel 27 LSC;d. davant dretgiras da locaziun e da lavur: represchentants cun las qualificaziuns professiunalas, uschenavant ch’il dretg chantunal prevesa quai. Il represchentant sto sa legitimar tras in plainpudair. La dretgira po ordinar ch’ina partida represchentada stoppia sa preschentar persunalmain davant dretgira. SR 935.61 SR 281.1Art. 69 Incapacitad d’ina partida Sch’ina partida è evidentamain incapabla da processar sezza, la po la dretgira intimar d’incumbensar in represchentant. Sche la partida na dat betg suatientscha a questa intimaziun, nominescha la dretgira in represchentant per ella. La dretgira infurmescha l’autoritad da protecziun da creschids e d’uffants, sch’ella è da l’avis che mesiras da protecziun sajan inditgadas. Versiun tenor l’agiunta 2 cifra 3 da la LF dals 19 da dec. 2008, en vigur dapi il 1. da schan. 2013 (AS 2010 1739; BBl 2006 7221; AS 2011 725; BBl 2006 7001).3. chapitel LitisconsorziArt. 70 Litisconsorzi necessari Sche pliras persunas èn participadas ad ina relaziun giuridica e sch’i po vegnir decidì davart questa relaziun mo cun effect per tuttas, ston ellas accusar u vegnir accusadas cuminaivlamain. Ils acts processuals ch’in dals litisconsorts exequescha a temp han in effect er sin ils litisconsorts negligents; exceptà da quai è l’inoltraziun da meds legals.Art. 71 Litisconsorzi simpel Sch’i duain vegnir giuditgads dretgs ed obligaziuns che sa basan sin fatgs u sin motivs giuridics sumegliants, pon pliras persunas accusar u vegnir accusadas cuminaivlamain. Il litisconsorzi simpel è exclus, sch’il medem tip da procedura n’è betg applitgabel per ils singuls plants. Mintga litisconsort po manar il process independentamain dals auters litisconsorts.Art. 72 Represchentanza cuminaivlaIls litisconsorts pon designar in represchentant cuminaivel, uschiglio vegnan ils documents consegnads a mintga singul litisconsort.4. chapitel Intervenziun1. secziun Intervenziun principalaArt. 73 Tgi che pretenda d’avair in meglier dretg vi da l’object da dispita, ch’excluda per part u dal tuttafatg omaduas partidas, po purtar plant cunter omaduas partidas davant la dretgira tar la quala il process è pendent en emprima instanza. La dretgira po ubain sistir il process, fin ch’il plant da l’intervenient principal è liquidà cun vigur legala, ubain unir las proceduras.2. secziun Intervenziun accessoricaArt. 74 PrincipTgi che fa valair vardaivlamain in interess giuridic ch’ina dispita pendenta vegnia decidida a favur d’ina da las partidas, po intervegnir da tut temp en il process sco partida secundara e suttametter a la dretgira ina dumonda d’intervenziun per quest intent.Art. 75 Dumonda La dumonda d’intervenziun cuntegna il motiv da l’intervenziun e la designaziun da la partida, a favur da la quala i vegn intervegnì. La dretgira decida davart la dumonda suenter avair tadlà las partidas. Cunter la decisiun pon ins far recurs.Art. 76 Dretgs da l’intervenient Per sustegnair la partida principala po l’intervenient exequir tut ils acts processuals ch’èn admissibels tenor il stadi da la procedura, en spezial far valair tut ils meds d’attatga e da defensiun ed er inoltrar meds legals. Sch’ils acts processuals da l’intervenient stattan en cuntradicziun cun ils acts processuals da la partida principala, na vegnan els betg considerads en il process.Art. 77 Effects da l’intervenziunSch’il resultat dal process è disfavuraivel per la partida principala, ha quai er in effect sin l’intervenient, cun excepziun dals suandants cas:a. l’intervenient è stà impedì da far valair meds d’attatga u da defensiun causa il stadi dal process al mument da sia intervenziun ubain causa acts u omissiuns da la partida principala; ub. la partida principala n’ha – intenziunadamain u per greva negligientscha – betg fatg valair meds d’attatga u da defensiun che l’intervenient n’enconuscha betg.5. chapitel Convocaziun en ina dispita e delegaziun d’ina dispita1. secziun Convocaziun simpla en ina dispitaArt. 78 Princips Ina partida che vul recurrer ad ina terza persuna en cas ch’ella perda il process u che tema las pretensiuns d’ina terza persuna, po convocar questa terza persuna e delegar ad ella il process. La terza persuna convocada po da sia vart delegar la dispita ad autras persunas.Art. 79 Posiziun dal convocà Il convocà po:a. intervegnir senza ulteriuras premissas a favur da la partida che l’ha delegà la dispita; ub. manar il process empè da la partida che l’ha delegà la dispita, sche quella dat ses consentiment ch’el fetschia quai. Sch’el refusescha l’intervenziun u na respunda betg, vegn il process cuntinuà senza prender resguard dad el.Art. 80 Effects da la delegaziun da la dispitaL’artitgel 77 vala confurm al senn.2. secziun Delegaziun d’ina dispitaArt. 81 Princips La partida che deleghescha la dispita po far valair ils dretgs ch’ella crai d’avair cunter il convocà en la dispita davant la dretgira ch’è fatschentada cun il plant principal. Il convocà na po da sia vart betg delegar la dispita ad autras persunas. En la procedura simplifitgada ed en la procedura summarica n’è il plant sin denunzia da la dispita betg admissibel.Art. 82 Procedura L’admissiun dal plant sin denunzia da la dispita sto vegnir dumandada cun la resposta al plant u cun la replica en il process principal. Las pretensiuns giuridicas che la partida denunzianta ha l’intenziun da far cunter il denunzià ston vegnir numnadas e motivadas curtamain. La dretgira dat la pussaivladad da prender posiziun a la cuntrapartida sco er al denunzià. Sch’il plant sin denunzia da la dispita vegn admess, fixescha la dretgira il mument e la dimensiun da la correspundenza respectiva; l’artitgel 125 resta resalvà. Cunter la decisiun davart l’admissiun dal plant pon ins far recurs.6. chapitel Midada da partidaArt. 83 Sche l’object da dispita vegn alienà durant il process, po l’acquistader entrar en il process empè da l’alienader. La partida entranta stat buna per tut ils custs da process. Per ils custs da process ch’èn resultads fin a la midada da la partida stat buna solidaricamain la partida che sorta. En cas motivads sto la partida entranta prestar – sin dumonda da la cuntrapartida – ina garanzia per l’execuziun da la decisiun. Senza alienaziun da l’object da dispita è ina midada da partida mo permessa cun il consentiment da la cuntrapartida; resalvadas restan disposiziuns legalas spezialas davart la successiun da dretg.6. titel PlantsArt. 84 Plant sin condemnaziun ad ina prestaziun Cun il plant sin condemnaziun ad ina prestaziun pretenda la partida accusanta che la partida accusada vegnia condemnada da far, da tralaschar u da tolerar insatge. Sch’i vegn pretendì ch’i vegnia pajada ina summa da daners, sto quella vegnir quantifitgada.Art. 85 Plant sin ina pretensiun betg quantifitgada Sch’i n’è betg pussaivel u betg pretendibel che la partida accusanta quantifitgeschia sia pretensiun gia al cumenzament dal process, po ella inoltrar in plant sin ina pretensiun betg quantifitgada. Ella sto dentant inditgar ina valur minimala che vala sco valur en dispita provisorica. Suenter la finiziun da la procedura da cumprova u suenter la furniziun da las infurmaziuns necessarias tras la partida accusada sto la partida accusanta quantifitgar sia pretensiun uschespert ch’ella è en cas da far quai. La dretgira appellada resta cumpetenta, er sche la valur en dispita surpassa la cumpetenza materiala.Art. 86 Plant parzialSch’ina pretensiun è divisibla, po er vegnir inoltrà in plant mo sin ina part da la pretensiun.Art. 87 Plant constitutivCun in plant constitutiv pretenda la partida accusanta la constituziun, la midada u l’aboliziun d’in tschert dretg u d’ina tscherta relaziun giuridica.Art. 88 Plant da constataziunCun in plant da constataziun pretenda la partida accusanta ch’i vegnia constatà davant dretgira, sch’in dretg u ina relaziun giuridica exista u betg.Art. 89 Plant collectiv Las uniuns e las autras organisaziuns d’impurtanza naziunala u regiunala, ch’èn autorisadas sin basa da lur statuts da defender ils interess da tschertas gruppas da persunas, pon purtar plant en agen num sin violaziun da la persunalitad dals commembers da questas gruppas da persunas. Cun il plant collectiv pon ins pretender:a. da scumandar ina violaziun smanatschanta;b. d’eliminar ina violaziun existenta;c. da constatar l’illegalitad d’ina violaziun, sche quella irritescha vinavant. Disposiziuns legalas spezialas davart il plant collectiv restan resalvadas.Art. 90 Accumulaziun da plantsLa partida accusanta po unir en in plant pliras pretensiuns cunter la medema partida, sche:a. la medema dretgira ha la cumpetenza materiala en chaussa; eb. il medem tip da procedura è applitgabel.7. titel Valur en dispitaArt. 91 Princip La valur en dispita vegn determinada tras la pretensiun giuridica. Ils tschains ed ils custs da la procedura currenta u d’ina eventuala publicaziun da la decisiun sco er ulteriuras pretensiuns eventualas na vegnan betg resguardads. En cas che la pretensiun giuridica na cuntegna betg ina summa da daners determinada, fixescha la dretgira la valur en dispita, sche las partidas n’arrivan betg da sa cunvegnir davart quest punct u sche lur indicaziuns èn evidentamain faussas.Art. 92 Utilisaziuns e prestaziuns periodicas Sco valur d’utilisaziuns u da prestaziuns periodicas vala la valur dal chapital. En cas d’ina durada intscherta u illimitada vala l’import da l’utilisaziun u da la prestaziun dad 1 onn, multiplitgà cun ventg, sco valur da chapital, en cas da rentas vitalizias la valur en daners.Art. 93 Litisconsorzi simpel ed accumulaziun da plants En cas d’in litisconsorzi simpel e d’ina accumulaziun da plants vegnan adidas las pretensiuns che vegnan fatgas valair, nun ch’ellas excludian ina l’autra. En cas d’in litisconsorzi simpel vegn mantegnì il tip da procedura, er sche la valur en dispita vegn adida.Art. 94 Cuntraplant Sch’in cuntraplant s’oppona al plant, vegn la valur en dispita determinada tras la pretensiun giuridica pli auta. Per determinar ils custs da process vegnan adidas las valurs en dispita, nun ch’il plant ed il cuntraplant excludian in l’auter.8. titel Custs da process e giurisdicziun gratuita1. chapitel Custs da processArt. 95 Noziuns Custs da process èn:a. ils custs da dretgira;b. l’indemnisaziun da la partida. Custs da dretgira èn:a. las pauschalas per la procedura da mediaziun;b. las pauschalas per la decisiun (taxa da decisiun);c. ils custs per la registraziun da las cumprovas;d. ils custs per la translaziun;e. ils custs per la represchentanza da l’uffant (art. 299 e 300). Sco indemnisaziun da la partida vala:a. l’indemnisaziun da las expensas necessarias;b. ils custs d’ina represchentanza professiunala;c. en cas motivads: ina indemnisaziun adequata per malcumadaivladads, sch’ina partida n’ha betg gì in represchentant professiunal.Art. 96 TariffasIls chantuns fixeschan las tariffas per ils custs da process.Art. 97 Infurmaziun davart ils custs da processSch’ina partida n’è betg represchentada tras in advocat, l’infurmescha la dretgira davart l’autezza presumtiva dals custs da process sco er davart la giurisdicziun gratuita.Art. 98 Pajament anticipà dals custsLa dretgira po pretender da la partida accusanta in pajament anticipà fin a l’autezza dals custs da dretgira presumtivs.Art. 99 Garanzia per l’indemnisaziun da la partida Sin dumonda da la partida accusada sto la partida accusanta prestar ina garanzia per l’indemnisaziun da la partida accusada, sche:a. ses domicil u sia sedia n’è betg en Svizra;b. ella para dad esser insolventa, en spezial sch’il concurs è vegnì declerà cunter ella, sch’igl ha lieu ina procedura d’accumodament cunter ella u sch’i èn avant maun attests da perdita;c. ella sto anc pajar custs da process anteriurs; ud. auters motivs pericliteschan considerablamain l’indemnisaziun da la partida. En cas d’in litisconsorzi necessari sto la segirezza vegnir prestada mo, sch’ina da las premissas è avant maun tar tut ils litisconsorts. Segirezzas na ston betg vegnir prestadas:a. en la procedura simplifitgada, cun excepziun da las dispitas dal dretg patrimonial tenor l’artitgel 243 alinea 1;b. en la procedura da divorzi;c. en proceduras summaricas, cun excepziun da la protecziun giuridica en cas clers (art. 257);d. en proceduras pervia d’ina dispita tenor la LPD. Integrà tras la cifra II 24 da l’agiunta 1 da la LF dals 25 da sett. 2020 davart la protecziun da datas, en vigur dapi il 1. da sett. 2023 (AS 2022 491; BBl 2017 6941). SR 235.1Art. 100 Gener ed autezza da la garanzia La garanzia po vegnir prestada en daners ubain cun pajar in garanzia tar ina banca domiciliada en Svizra u tar ina societad d’assicuranzas ch’è admessa al commerzi en Svizra. La dretgira po augmentar, reducir u abolir posteriuramain la segirezza che sto vegnir prestada.Art. 101 Prestaziun dal pajament anticipà e da la garanzia La dretgira fixescha in termin per prestar il pajament anticipà e la garanzia. Mesiras preventivas po ella ordinar gia avant che la garanzia vegnia prestada. Sch’il pajament anticipà u la garanzia na vegn er betg prestà entaifer in termin prolungà, n’entra la dretgira betg en il plant u en la dumonda.Art. 102 Pajament anticipà per la registraziun da las cumprovas Mintga partida sto pajar ordavant las expensas da la dretgira che resultan tras la registraziun da las cumprovas che la partida ha dumandà. Sche las partidas dumondan il medem med da cumprova, sto mintga partida pajar ordavant la mesadad da las expensas. Sch’ina partida na paja betg ordavant ses custs, po l’autra partida far quai; cas cuntrari na vegnan las cumprovas betg registradas. Resalvadas restan dispitas, en las qualas la dretgira sto examinar d’uffizi ils fatgs.Art. 103 Meds legalsCunter las decisiuns davart la prestaziun da pajaments anticipads e da garanzia pon ins far recurs.2. chapitel Repartiziun e liquidaziun dals custs da processArt. 104 Decisiun davart ils custs da process Davart ils custs da process decida la dretgira per regla en la decisiun finala. En cas d’ina decisiun intermediara (art. 237) pon vegnir repartids ils custs da process ch’èn resultads fin a quest mument. Davart ils custs da process da mesiras preventivas po vegnir decidì ensemen cun la chaussa principala. En ina decisiun da refusaziun po l’instanza superiura surlaschar a l’instanza precedenta da reparter ils custs da process da la procedura da meds legals.Art. 105 Fixaziun e repartiziun dals custs da process Ils custs da dretgira vegnan fixads e repartids d’uffizi. L’indemnisaziun da la partida vegn concedida da la dretgira tenor las tariffas (art. 96). Las partidas pon inoltrar ina nota dals custs.Art. 106 Princips da repartiziun Ils custs da process vegnan adossads a la partida perdenta. Sch’i na vegn betg entrà en chaussa e sch’il plant vegn retratg, vala la partida accusanta sco partida perdenta; sch’il plant vegn renconuschì, è la partida accusada la partida perdenta. Sche ni l’ina ni l’autra partida n’ha gudagnà cumplettamain, vegnan ils custs da process repartids tenor il resultat da la procedura. Sche pliras persunas èn participadas al process sco partidas principalas u secundaras, fixescha la dretgira la part dals custs da process che mintgina sto surpigliar. Ella po er decider che mintgina stoppia star buna solidaricamain.Art. 107 Repartiziun tenor agen giudicat La dretgira po divergiar dals princips da repartiziun e reparter ils custs da process tenor agen giudicat:a. sch’il plant è vegnì approvà da princip, dentant betg en l’autezza da la pretensiun, e sche questa autezza è stada dependenta dal giudicat da la dretgira u sch’igl è stà difficil da quantifitgar la pretensiun;b. sch’ina partida ha gì motivs da buna fai da manar il process;c. en proceduras dal dretg da famiglia;d. en proceduras concernent il partenadi registrà;e. sche la procedura è vegnida stritgada pervia da mancanza d’object e sche questa lescha na dispona nagut auter;f. sch’i dat autras circumstanzas spezialas che laschan parair inadequata ina repartiziun tenor il resultat da la procedura. Sch’in plant dal dretg da societads che pretenda ina prestaziun a la societad vegn refusà, po la dretgira reparter ils custs da process tenor agen giudicat sin la societad e sin la partida accusanta. Per motivs d’adequatezza po la dretgira adossar al chantun ils custs da dretgira che ni ina partida ni terzas persunas n’han chaschunà. Integrà tras la cifra 2 da l’agiunta da la LF dals 17 da mars 2017 (dretg dal register da commerzi), en vigur dapi il 1. da schan. 2021 (AS 2020 957; BBl 2015 3617).Art. 108 Custs da process nunnecessarisIls custs da process nunnecessaris ston vegnir pajads da quel ch’als chaschuna.Art. 109 Repartiziun en cas d’accord En cas d’in accord giudizial surpiglia mintga partida ils custs da process confurm a l’accord. Ils custs vegnan repartids tenor ils artitgels 106 fin 108, sche:a. l’accord na cuntegna nagina regulaziun; ub. la regulaziun prendida disfavurisescha unilateralmain la partida, a la quala è vegnida concedida la giurisdicziun gratuita.Art. 110 Meds legalsLa decisiun da custs è contestabla en moda independenta mo cun in recurs.Art. 111 Liquidaziun dals custs da process Ils custs da dretgira vegnan cumpensads cun ils pajaments anticipads che las partidas han prestà. La summa restanta va a quint da la partida ch’è sentenziada da pajar ils custs. La partida ch’è sentenziada da pajar ils custs sto restituir a l’autra partida ils pajaments anticipads prestads e pajar l’indemnisaziun che la dretgira ha concedì a la partida. Resalvadas restan las disposiziuns davart la giurisdicziun gratuita.Art. 112 Prorogaziun, relasch, scadenza e tschains dals custs da dretgira Per pajar ils custs da dretgira po vegnir concedì in termin da prorogaziun ed en cas da basegnusadad permanenta pon ils custs da dretgira vegnir relaschads. Las pretensiuns scadan 10 onns suenter la finiziun da la procedura. Il tschains da retard importa 5 pertschient.3. chapitel Regulaziuns spezialas areguard ils custsArt. 113 Procedura da mediaziun En la procedura da mediaziun na vegnan concedidas naginas indemnisaziuns da las partidas. Resalvada resta l’indemnisaziun d’in assistent giuridic gratuit tras il chantun. Nagins custs da dretgira na vegnan concedids en dispitas:a. tenor la Lescha d’egualitad dals 24 da mars 1995;b. tenor la Lescha dals 13 da december 2002 davart l’egualitad da persunas cun impediments;c. che resultan tras la locaziun e tras la fittanza da locals d’abitar e da fatschenta sco er tras la fittanza agricula;d. che resultan tras la relaziun da lavur sco er tenor la Lescha dals 6 d’october 1989 davart l’intermediaziun da lavur fin ad ina valur en dispita da 30 000 francs;e. tenor la Lescha da participaziun dals 17 da december 1993;f. che resultan tras assicuranzas supplementaras a l’assicuranza da malsauns sociala tenor la Lescha federala dals 18 da mars 1994 davart l’assicuranza da malsauns;g. tenor la LPD. SR 151.1 SR 151.3 SR 823.11 SR 822.14 SR 832.10 Integrà tras la cifra II 24 da l’agiunta 1 da la LF dals 25 da sett. 2020 davart la protecziun da datas, en vigur dapi il 1. da sett. 2023 (AS 2022 491; BBl 2017 6941). SR 235.1Art. 114 Procedura da decisiunEn la procedura da decisiun na vegnan concedids nagins custs da dretgira en dispitas:a. tenor la Lescha d’egualitad dals 24 da mars 1995;b. tenor la Lescha dals 13 da december 2002 davart l’egualitad da persunas cun impediments;c. che resultan tras la relaziun da lavur sco er tenor la Lescha dals 6 d’october 1989 davart l’intermediaziun da lavur fin ad ina valur en dispita da 30 000 francs;d. tenor la Lescha da participaziun dals 17 da december 1993;e. che resultan tras assicuranzas supplementaras a l’assicuranza da malsauns sociala tenor la Lescha federala dals 18 da mars 1994 davart l’assicuranza da malsauns;f. pervia da violenza, smanatschas u persecuziuns tenor l’artitgel 28b CCS u concernent la surveglianza electronica tenor l’artitgel 28c CCS;g. tenor la LPD. SR 151.1 SR 151.3 SR 823.11 SR 822.14 SR 832.10 Integrà tras la cifra I 2 da la LF dals 14 da dec. 2018 davart la meglieraziun da la protecziun da victimas da violenza, en vigur dapi il 1. da fan. 2020 (AS 2019 2273; BBl 2017 7307). SR 210 Integrà tras la cifra II 24 da l’agiunta 1 da la LF dals 25 da sett. 2020 davart la protecziun da datas, en vigur dapi il 1. da sett. 2023 (AS 2022 491; BBl 2017 6941). SR 235.1Art. 115 Obligaziun da surpigliar ils custs En cas da process che vegnan manads da mala fai u da levsenn pon ils custs da dretgira vegnir adossads ad ina partida er en proceduras gratuitas. En cas da dispitas tenor l’artitgel 114 litera f pon ils custs da dretgira vegnir adossads a la partida che ha pers, sch’i vegn ordinà in scumond cunter ella tenor l’artitgel 28b CCS u ina surveglianza electronica tenor l’artitgel 28c CCS. SR 210 Integrà tras la cifra I 2 da la LF dals 14 da dec. 2018 davart la meglieraziun da la protecziun da victimas da violenza, en vigur dapi il 1. da fan. 2020 (AS 2019 2273; BBl 2017 7307).Art. 116 Liberaziun dals custs tenor il dretg chantunal Ils chantuns pon conceder ulteriuras liberaziuns dals custs da process. Liberaziuns ch’in chantun conceda a sasez, a sias vischnancas ed ad autras corporaziuns da dretg chantunal valan er per la Confederaziun.4. chapitel Giurisdicziun gratuitaArt. 117 DretgIna persuna ha il dretg sin la giurisdicziun gratuita, sche:a. ella n’ha betg ils meds finanzials necessaris; eb. sia pretensiun giuridica na para betg dad esser invana.Art. 118 Dimensiun La giurisdicziun gratuita cumpiglia:a. la liberaziun da la prestaziun da pajaments anticipads e da garanzias;b. la liberaziun dals custs da dretgira;c. la nominaziun giudiziala d’in assistent giuridic, sche quai è necessari per defender ils dretgs, en spezial sche la cuntrapartida è represchentada tras in advocat; l’assistent giuridic po vegnir nominà gia per la preparaziun dal process. La giurisdicziun gratuita po vegnir concedida per part u cumplainamain. Ella na liberescha betg da pajar ina indemnisaziun a la cuntrapartida.Art. 119 Dumonda e procedura La dumonda da giurisdicziun gratuita po vegnir fatga avant u suenter l’entrada da la litispendenza. Il petent sto infurmar davart sias entradas e facultads e s’exprimer tant davart la chaussa sco er davart sias cumprovas. En la dumonda po el designar il num da l’assistent giuridic giavischà. La dretgira decida davart la dumonda en ina procedura summarica. La cuntrapartida po vegnir tadlada. Ella sto adina vegnir tadlada, sche la giurisdicziun gratuita duai cumpigliar la prestaziun da la segirezza per l’indemnisaziun da la partida. Excepziunalmain po la giurisdicziun gratuita vegnir concedida retroactivamain. En la procedura da meds legals sto la giurisdicziun gratuita vegnir dumandada da nov. Cun excepziun da mala fai e da levsenn na vegnan incassads nagins custs da dretgira en la procedura da giurisdicziun gratuita.Art. 120 Retratga da la giurisdicziun gratuitaLa dretgira retira la giurisdicziun gratuita, sche las premissas per tala n’existan betg pli u n’han mai existì.Art. 121 Meds legalsCunter la decisiun che refusescha u che retira per part u cumplainamain la giurisdicziun gratuita pon ins far recurs.Art. 122 Liquidaziun dals custs da process Sche la partida, a la quala la giurisdicziun gratuita è vegnida concedida, perda, vegnan ils custs da process liquidads sco suonda:a. l’assistent giuridic gratuit vegn indemnisà adequatamain tras il chantun;b. ils custs da dretgira van a quint dal chantun;c. a la cuntrapartida vegnan restituids ils pajaments anticipads prestads;d. la partida, a la quala la giurisdicziun gratuita è vegnida concedida, sto pajar l’indemnisaziun a la cuntrapartida. Sche la partida, a la quala la giurisdicziun gratuita è vegnida concedida, gudogna e sche l’indemnisaziun da la partida n’è betg u probablamain betg incassabla, vegn l’assistent giuridic gratuit indemnisà adequatamain tras il chantun. Cun il pajament va la pretensiun al chantun.Art. 123 Restituziun Ina partida, a la quala la giurisdicziun gratuita è vegnida concedida, sto pajar enavos quella, uschespert ch’ella è en cas da far quai. Il dretg dal chantun scada 10 onns suenter la fin da la procedura.9. titel Direcziun dal process, agir processual e termins1. chapitel Direcziun dal processArt. 124 Princips La dretgira maina il process. Ella decretescha las disposiziuns processualas necessarias per preparar e per realisar la procedura en moda speditiva. La direcziun dal process po vegnir delegada ad in commember da la dretgira. La dretgira po empruvar da tut temp da chattar ina cunvegna tranter las partidas.Art. 125 Simplificaziun dal processPer simplifitgar il process po la dretgira en spezial:a. restrenscher la procedura a singulas dumondas u pretensiuns giuridicas;b. separar plants ch’èn vegnids inoltrads cuminaivlamain;c. unir plants ch’èn vegnids inoltrads independentamain;d. separar in cuntraplant da la procedura principala.Art. 126 Sistida da la procedura La dretgira po sistir la procedura, sche l’opportunitad pretenda quai. La procedura po vegnir sistida en spezial, sche la decisiun dependa dal resultat d’ina autra procedura. Cunter la sistida pon ins far recurs.Art. 127 Surdada en cas da proceduras connexas En cas che plants, che stattan en in connex material in cun l’auter, èn pendents tar differentas dretgiras, po la dretgira ch’è vegnida appellada pli tard surdar il plant ch’è pendent tar ella a la dretgira ch’è vegnida appellada sco emprima, sche quella è d’accord cun quai. Cunter la surdada pon ins far recurs.Art. 128 Disciplina en la procedura e process da levsenn Tgi che violescha las reglas da maniera u disturba l’andament da la procedura davant dretgira, vegn chastià cun ina reprimanda u cun ina multa disciplinara fin a 1000 francs. Ultra da quai po la dretgira ordinar che questa persuna vegnia exclusa da la tractativa. Per exequir sias ordinaziuns po la dretgira clamar la polizia. En cas da process che vegnan manads da mala fai u da levsenn pon las partidas e lur represchentants vegnir chastiads cun ina multa disciplinara fin a 2000 francs ed en cas da repetiziun fin a 5000 francs. Cunter la multa disciplinara pon ins far recurs.2. chapitel Furmas da l’agir processual1. secziun Lingua da proceduraArt. 129La procedura vegn manada en la lingua uffiziala dal chantun cumpetent. En cas da pliras linguas uffizialas reglan ils chantuns il diever da las linguas.2. secziun Inoltraziuns da las partidasArt. 130 Furma Las inoltraziuns ston vegnir consegnadas a la dretgira sin palpiri u sin via electronica. Ellas ston vegnir suttascrittas. En cas d’ina consegna electronica sto l’inoltraziun vegnir munida cun ina signatura electronica qualifitgada tenor la Lescha federala dals 18 da mars 2016 davart la signatura electronica. Il Cussegl federal regla:a. il format da l’inoltraziun e da sias agiuntas;b. la moda e maniera da la transmissiun;c. las premissas, sut las qualas i po vegnir pretendì ch’ils documents vegnian anc tramess sin palpiri en cas da problems tecnics. Versiun tenor la cifra II 5 da l’agiunta da la LF dals 18 da mars 2016 davart la signatura electronica, en vigur dapi il 1. da schan. 2017 (AS 2016 4651; BBl 2014 1001). SR 943.03Art. 131 DumberEn cas d’ina inoltraziun sin via electronica stoi esser avant maun in exemplar da l’inoltraziun e da las agiuntas per la partida ed in exemplar da l’inoltraziun e da las agiuntas per mintga cuntrapartida; cas cuntrari po la dretgira ubain fixar in termin posteriur per furnir quai ubain far las copias necessarias sin donn e cust da la partida.Art. 132 Inoltraziuns manglusas, querulantas e giuridicamain abusivas Mancanzas, sco la mancanza da la suttascripziun u dal plainpudair, ston vegnir curregidas entaifer in termin che vegn fixà da la dretgira. Cas cuntrari na vegn l’inoltraziun betg considerada. Il medem vala per inoltraziuns illegiblas, nuncunvegnentas, nunchapiblas u bler memia extendidas. Inoltraziuns querulantas e giuridicamain abusivas vegnan tramessas enavos al speditur senza commentari.3. secziun Citaziun giudizialaArt. 133 CuntegnLa citaziun cuntegna:a. il num e l’adressa da la persuna citada;b. l’object dal process e las partidas;c. la qualitad, en la quala la persuna vegn citada;d. il lieu, la data e las uras che la persuna citada sto cumparair;e. l’act processual, al qual la persuna vegn citada;f. las consequenzas da la negligientscha;g. la data da la citaziun e la suttascripziun da la dretgira.Art. 134 TerminLa citaziun sto vegnir tramessa almain 10 dis avant il termin da l’audiziun, nun che questa lescha disponia insatge auter.Art. 135 Spustament dal termin d’audiziunLa dretgira po spustar il termin d’audiziun per motivs suffizients:a. d’uffizi; ub. sche quai vegn dumandà avant il termin.4. secziun Consegna giudizialaArt. 136 Documents da consegnarA las persunas pertutgadas trametta la dretgira en spezial:a. citaziuns;b. disposiziuns e decisiuns;c. inoltraziuns da la cuntrapartida.Art. 137 En cas da represchentanzaSch’ina partida vegn represchentada, vegnan ils documents tramess al represchentant.Art. 138 Furma Citaziuns, disposiziuns e decisiuns vegnan consegnadas per posta recumandada u confirmond la recepziun en autra moda. La consegna vegn considerada sco succedida, sche la spediziun è vegnida recepida da l’adressat u d’ina persuna che ha almain 16 onns e ch’è emploiada u che viva en la medema chasada. Resalvadas restan ordinaziuns da la dretgira da consegnar in document persunalmain a l’adressat. Plinavant vegn la consegna considerada sco succedida:a. en cas d’ina spediziun postala recumandada che n’è betg vegnida retratga: il 7. di suenter ch’igl è vegnì empruvà da consegnar la spediziun senza success, sche la persuna stueva far quint cun ina consegna;b. en cas d’ina consegna persunala, sche l’adressat refusescha da recepir la spediziun e sche quai vegn attestà dal consegnader: il di da la refusa. Autras spediziuns po la dretgira consegnar per posta normala.Art. 139 Consegna electronica Cun il consentiment da la persuna pertutgada pon citaziuns, disposiziuns e decisiuns vegnir consegnadas sin via electronica. Ellas ston vegnir munidas cun ina signatura electronica tenor la Lescha federala dals 18 da mars 2016 davart la signatura electronica. Il Cussegl federal regla:a. la signatura che sto vegnir utilisada;b. il format da las citaziuns, da las disposiziuns e da las decisiuns sco er da lur agiuntas;c. la moda e maniera da la transmissiun;d. il mument, il qual la citaziun, la disposiziun u la decisiun vala sco consegnada. Versiun tenor la cifra II 5 da l’agiunta da la LF dals 18 da mars 2016 davart la signatura electronica, en vigur dapi il 1. da schan. 2017 (AS 2016 4651; BBl 2014 1001). SR 943.03Art. 140 Domicil da consegnaA partidas cun domicil u cun sedia a l’exteriur po la dretgira ordinar da designar in domicil da consegna en Svizra.Art. 141 Publicaziun uffiziala La consegna vegn fatga tras ina publicaziun en il Fegl uffizial chantunal u en il Fegl uffizial svizzer da commerzi, sche:a. il lieu da dimora da l’adressat n’è betg enconuschent e na po betg vegnir eruì, malgrà retschertgas pretendiblas;b. ina consegna n’è betg pussaivla u fiss colliada cun malcumadaivladads extraordinarias;c. ina partida cun domicil u cun sedia a l’exteriur n’ha – cuntrari a l’ordinaziun da la dretgira – betg designà in domicil da consegna en Svizra. La consegna vegn considerada sco succedida il di da la publicaziun.3. chapitel Periodas da scadenza, negligientscha e restituziun1. secziun Periodas da scadenzaArt. 142 Cumenzament e calculaziun Periodas da scadenza che dependan d’ina communicaziun u d’in eveniment, cumenzan il di suenter. Sche la perioda da scadenza è calculada en mais, finescha ella l’ultim mais, e quai quel di che ha la medema cifra sco il di che la perioda da scadenza ha cumenzà. Sch’il di correspundent manca, finescha il termin l’ultim di dal mais. Sche l’ultim di d’ina perioda da scadenza è ina sonda, ina dumengia u in firà renconuschì en il lieu da dretgira tras il dretg federal u chantunal, finescha il termin il proxim lavurdi.Art. 143 Observaziun Las inoltraziuns ston vegnir consegnadas a la dretgira il pli tard l’ultim di da la perioda da scadenza u surdadas – per mauns da la dretgira – a la Posta svizra u ad ina represchentanza svizra diplomatica u consulara. Per l’observaziun d’in termin en cas d’ina inoltraziun electronica è decisiv il mument, il qual vegn emessa la quittanza che conferma che la partida ha terminà tut ils pass ch’èn necessaris per la transmissiun. La perioda da scadenza per in pajament a la dretgira è observada, sche l’import è vegnì surdà a la Posta svizra u pajà sin in conto da posta u da banca en Svizra a favur da la dretgira, e quai il pli tard l’ultim di da la perioda da scadenza. Versiun tenor la cifra II 5 da l’agiunta da la LF dals 18 da mars 2016 davart la signatura electronica, en vigur dapi il 1. da schan. 2017 (AS 2016 4651; BBl 2014 1001).Art. 144 Prolungaziun Las periodas legalas na pon betg vegnir prolungadas. Per motivs suffizients pon las periodas giudizialas da scadenza vegnir prolungadas, sche la dretgira vegn dumandada da far quai avant la fin da la perioda da scadenza.Art. 145 Interrupziun da las periodas da scadenza Las periodas da scadenza legalas e giudizialas vegnan interruttas:a. dal 7. di avant Pasca fin e cun il 7. di suenter Pasca;b. dals 15 da fanadur fin e cun ils 15 d’avust;c. dals 18 da december fin e cun ils 2 da schaner. Questa interrupziun da las periodas da scadenza na vala betg per:a. la procedura da mediaziun;b. la procedura summarica. Las partidas ston vegnir rendidas attentas a las excepziuns tenor l’alinea 2. Resalvadas restan las disposiziuns da la LSC davart las vacanzas da scussiun e davart il moratori. SR 281.1Art. 146 Effects da l’interrupziun Sche la consegna ha lieu durant ina interrupziun, cumenza la perioda da scadenza il 1. di suenter la fin da l’interrupziun. Durant l’interrupziun da la perioda da scadenza n’han lieu naginas tractativas giudizialas, nun che las partidas sajan d’accord cun quai.2. secziun Negligientscha e restituziunArt. 147 Negligientscha e consequenzas Ina partida è negligenta, sch’ella n’exequescha betg in act processual entaifer il termin fixà u sch’ella na cumpara betg ad in termin. La procedura vegn cuntinuada senza l’act negligì, nun che questa lescha disponia insatge auter. La dretgira renda attentas las partidas a las consequenzas da la negligientscha.Art. 148 Restituziun Sin dumonda d’ina partida negligenta po la dretgira conceder in termin posteriur u citar la partida ad in nov termin, sch’ella fa valair vardaivlamain ch’ella n’haja nagina culpa u mo ina pitschna culpa da la negligientscha. La dumonda sto vegnir inoltrada entaifer 10 dis suenter ch’il motiv da negligientscha è scrudà. Sch’ina decisiun è vegnida communitgada, po la restituziun vegnir pretendida mo entaifer 6 mais dapi che la decisiun è entrada en vigur.Art. 149 Procedura da restituziunLa dretgira dat a la cuntrapartida la pussaivladad da prender posiziun e decida alura definitivamain.10. titel Cumprova1. chapitel Disposiziuns generalasArt. 150 Object da la cumprova L’object da la cumprova èn fatgs dispitaivels, giuridicamain relevants. L’object da la cumprova pon er esser l’isanza, l’isanza locala, ed – en dispitas dal dretg patrimonial – il dretg ester.Art. 151 Fatgs enconuschentsFatgs notorics ed enconuschents a la dretgira sco er experientschas generalmain renconuschidas na dovran nagina cumprova.Art. 152 Dretg d’inoltrar cumprovas Mintga partida ha il dretg che la dretgira acceptia las cumprovas adattadas ch’ella inoltrescha en moda formalmain correcta ed entaifer il termin fixà. Cumprovas acquistadas en moda illegala vegnan resguardads mo, sche l’interess da chattar la vardad predominescha.Art. 153 Cumprovas registradas d’uffizi La dretgira registrescha d’uffizi las cumprovas, sch’ils fatgs ston vegnir cumprovads d’uffizi. Ella po registrar d’uffizi las cumprovas, sch’i dat dubis considerabels ch’in fatg betg dispitaivel saja correct.Art. 154 Decrets areguard las cumprovasAvant che las cumprovas vegnan acceptadas, ston vegnir formulads ils decrets necessaris areguard las cumprovas. En quels vegnan surtut numnadas las cumprovas admessas ed i vegn fixà, per tge fatgs che mintga partida sto furnir cumprovas e cuntraprovas. Il decret areguard las cumprovas po adina vegnir midà u cumplettà.Art. 155 Examinaziun da las cumprovas L’examinaziun da las cumprovas po vegnir delegada ad in u a plirs commembers da la dretgira. Per motivs impurtants po ina partida pretender che la dretgira sentenzianta examineschia las cumprovas. Las partidas han il dretg da sa participar a l’examinaziun da las cumprovas.Art. 156 Protecziun d’interess degns da vegnir protegidsSche l’examinaziun da las cumprovas periclitescha ils interess degns da vegnir protegids d’ina partida u da terzas persunas, sco en spezial ses secrets da fatschenta, prenda la dretgira las mesiras necessarias.Art. 157 Liber giudicat a basa da las cumprovasLa dretgira fa sias conclusiuns giuditgond libramain las cumprovas.Art. 158 Cumprovas preventivas La dretgira examinescha da tut temp las cumprovas, sche:a. la lescha conceda in dretg correspundent; ub. la partida petenta fa valair vardaivlamain che las cumprovas èn periclitadas u ch’i dat in interess degn da vegnir protegì. I vegnan applitgadas las disposiziuns davart las mesiras preventivas.Art. 159 Organs d’ina persuna giuridicaSch’ina persuna giuridica è partida, vegnan ses organs tractads en la procedura da cumprova sco ina partida.2. chapitel Obligaziun da cooperar e dretg da refusar la cooperaziun1. secziun Disposiziuns generalasArt. 160 Obligaziun da cooperar Las partidas e terzas persunas èn obligadas da cooperar a la registraziun da las cumprovas. En spezial ston ellas:a. dir la vardad sco partidas u sco perditgas;b. consegnar documents; exceptads da quai èn documents or dal contact d’ina partida u d’ina terza persuna cun in advocat ch’è autorisà da represchentar professiunalmain la partida u la persuna u cun in advocat da patenta en il senn da l’artitgel 2 da la Lescha federala dals 20 da mars 2009 davart las advocatas ed ils advocats da patenta;c. tolerar ch’experts fan ina inspecziun da lur persuna u da lur proprietad. Davart l’obligaziun da cooperar d’ina persuna minorenna decida la dretgira tenor ses agen bainparair. Ella resguarda il bainstar da l’uffant. Terzas persunas ch’èn obligadas da cooperar han il dretg da vegnir indemnisadas adequatamain. Versiun tenor la cifra I 4 da la LF dals 28 da sett. 2012 davart l’adattaziun da disposiziuns da procedura concernent il secret professiunal dals advocats, en vigur dapi il 1. da matg 2013 (AS 2013 847; BBl 2011 8181). SR 935.62 Versiun tenor l’agiunta 2 cifra 3 da la LF dals 19 da dec. 2008, en vigur dapi il 1. da schan. 2013 (AS 2010 1739; BBl 2006 7221; AS 2011 725; BBl 2006 7001).Art. 161 Infurmaziun La dretgira infurmescha las partidas e terzas persunas davart l’obligaziun da cooperar, davart il dretg da refusar la cooperaziun e davart las consequenzas da la negligientscha. Sch’ella tralascha l’infurmaziun davart il dretg da refusar la cooperaziun, dastga ella mo resguardar las cumprovas registradas, sche la persuna pertutgada dat ses consentiment u sche la refusa fiss stada nungiustifitgada.Art. 162 Cooperaziun refusada giustifitgadamainSch’ina partida u ina terza persuna refusescha giustifitgadamain la cooperaziun, na dastga la dretgira trair naginas conclusiuns areguard il fatg che sto vegnir cumprovà.2. secziun Dretg da las partidas da refusar la cooperaziunArt. 163 Dretg da refusa Ina partida po refusar la cooperaziun, sch’ella:a. exponiss in da ses proxims en il senn da l’artitgel 165 ad ina persecuziun penala u a la responsabladad civila;b. sa faschess chastiabla pervia da la violaziun d’in secret tenor l’artitgel 321 dal Cudesch penal (CP); exceptads èn ils revisurs; l’artitgel 166 alinea 1 litera b, terza part, vala tenor il senn. Persunas che portan auters secrets ch’èn protegids tras la lescha pon refusar la cooperaziun, sch’ellas fan valair vardaivlamain che l’interess da tegnair secret predominescha l’interess da chattar la vardad. SR 311.0Art. 164 Refusa nungiustifitgadaSch’ina partida refusescha nungiustifitgadamain la cooperaziun, vegn quai resguardà da la dretgira cun giuditgar las cumprovas.3. secziun Dretg da terzas persunas da refusar la cooperaziunArt. 165 Dretg cumplessiv da refusar la cooperaziun Refusar mintga cooperaziun po:a. tgi ch’è u era maridà cun ina partida u maina facticamain ina communitad da vita cun ina partida;b. tgi che ha uffants cuminaivels cun ina partida;c. tgi ch’è parent u quinà cun ina partida en lingia directa u fin e cun il terz grad da la lingia laterala;d. ils geniturs da tgira, ils uffants confidads ed ils uffants tratgs si sco fragliuns d’ina partida;e. la persuna nominada per l’avugadia u per la curatella d’ina partida. Il partenadi registrà ha il medem status sco la lètg. Ils mezs fragliuns han il medem status sco ils fragliuns. Versiun tenor l’agiunta 2 cifra 3 da la LF dals 19 da dec. 2008, en vigur dapi il 1. da schan. 2013 (AS 2010 1739; BBl 2006 7221; AS 2011 725; BBl 2006 7001).Art. 166 Dretg limità da refusar la cooperaziun Ina terza persuna po refusar la cooperaziun:a. sch’i sa tracta da constatar fatgs ch’exponissan ella sezza u in da ses proxims en il senn da l’artitgel 165 ad ina persecuziun penala u a la responsabladad civila;b. sch’ella sa faschess chastiabla pervia da la violaziun d’in secret tenor l’artitgel 321 CP; exceptads èn ils revisurs; cun excepziun dals advocats e dals spirituals ston terzas persunas dentant cooperar, sch’ellas èn suttamessas ad in’obligaziun d’annunzia u sch’ellas èn vegnidas liberadas da l’obligaziun da tegnair secret, nun ch’ellas fetschian valair vardaivlamain che l’interess da tegnair secret predomineschia l’interess da chattar la vardad.c. sch’i sa tracta da constatar fatgs ch’èn vegnids confidads ad ella sco funcziunaria en il senn da l’artitgel 110 alinea 3 CP u sco commembra d’ina autoritad en sia funcziun uffiziala, ubain fatgs, dals quals ella ha survegnì enconuschientscha exequind ses uffizi u exequind sia activitad auxiliara per in funcziunari u per in’autoritad; ella sto dar pled e fatg, sch’ella è suttamessa ad in’obligaziun d’annunzia u sch’ella è vegnida autorisada da sia autoritad superiura da dar pled e fatg;d. sch’ella stuess dar pled e fatg sco mediatura publica, sco cussegliadra da lètg u da famiglia u sco mediatura extragiudiziala davart fatgs ch’ella è vegnida a savair en il rom da l’activitad respectiva;e. sch’i sa tracta da constatar l’identitad da l’autur u il cuntegn e las funtaunas da sias infurmaziuns, en cas ch’ella s’occupa en moda professiunala u sco persuna auxiliara cun la publicaziun d’infurmaziuns en la part redacziunala d’in medium che cumpara periodicamain. Persunas che portan auters secrets ch’èn protegids tras la lescha pon refusar la cooperaziun, sch’ellas fan valair vardaivlamain che l’interess da tegnair secret predominescha l’interess da chattar la vardad. Resalvadas restan las disposiziuns spezialas dal dretg d’assicuranza sociala davart la communicaziun da datas. SR 311.0 Versiun tenor la cifra 5 da l’agiunta 1 da la Lescha dals 18 da dec. 2020 davart la segirezza da las infurmaziuns, en vigur dapi il 1. da schan. 2023 (AS 2022 232, 750; BBl 2017 2953). Versiun tenor la cifra 2 da l’agiunta da la LF dals 20 da mars 2015 (mantegniment dals uffants), en vigur dapi il 1. da schan. 2017 (AS 2015 4299; BBl 2014 529).Art. 167 Refusa nungiustifitgada Sche la terza persuna refusescha nungiustifitgadamain la cooperaziun, po la dretgira:a. ordinar ina multa disciplinara fin a 1000 francs;b. pronunziar la smanatscha da chasti tenor l’artitgel 292 CP;c. ordinar la realisaziun per forza;d. adossar ils custs da process ch’èn resultads tras la refusa. La negligientscha da la terza persuna ha las medemas consequenzas sco sch’ella refusass nungiustifitgadamain la cooperaziun. Cunter l’ordinaziun giudiziala po la terza persuna far recurs. SR 311.03. chapitel Cumprovas1. secziun Cumprovas admissiblasArt. 168 Sco cumprovas admissiblas valan:a. la perditga;b. documents;c. l’inspecziun;d. expertisas;e. infurmaziuns en scrit;f. l’interrogaziun da las partidas e la deposiziun da cumprova. Resalvadas restan las disposiziuns davart ils interess dals uffants en chaussas dal dretg da famiglia.2. secziun Dar perditgaArt. 169 ObjectTgi che n’è betg ina partida dal process, po dar perditga davart fatgs percepids directamain.Art. 170 Citaziun Las perditgas vegnan citadas da la dretgira. La dretgira po permetter a las partidas da sa preschentar cun perditgas betg citadas. Las perditgas pon vegnir interrogadas al lieu da lur dimora. Las partidas ston vegnir infurmadas a temp en chaussa.Art. 171 Furma da l’interrogaziun Avant l’interrogaziun vegn la perditga admonida da dir la vardad; sch’ella ha cumplenì il 14. onn da vegliadetgna, vegn ella plinavant infurmada davart las consequenzas penalas d’ina faussa perditga (art. 307 CP). La dretgira interroghescha mintga perditga individualmain ed en absenza da las autras perditgas; resalvada resta la confruntaziun. La perditga sto s’exprimer libramain; la dretgira la po permetter da duvrar notizias en scrit. La dretgira excluda perditgas da l’ulteriura tractativa, uschè ditg ch’ellas n’èn betg relaschadas dal banc da perditga. SR 311.0Art. 172 Cuntegn da l’interrogaziunLa dretgira interroghescha las perditgas davart:a. lur persunalias;b. lur relaziuns persunalas cun las partidas dal process sco er autras circumstanzas che pon esser impurtantas per la credibladad da lur deposiziun;c. las observaziuns ch’ellas han fatg en connex cun la chaussa.Art. 173 Dumondas cumplementarasLas partidas dal process pon pretender che la dretgira tschentia dumondas cumplementaras u pon tschentar sezzas talas dumondas cun la permissiun da la dretgira.Art. 174 ConfruntaziunLas perditgas pon vegnir confruntadas cun autras perditgas e cun las partidas dal process.Art. 175 Perditga tras in expertAd ina perditga cun enconuschientschas spezialas po la dretgira er tschentar dumondas davart ses giudicament dals fatgs.Art. 176 Protocol Il cuntegn essenzial da las deposiziuns vegn protocollà, prelegì a la perditga u laschà leger da la perditga ed alura suttascrit da la perditga. Sch’ina partida pretenda quai, vegnan er protocolladas dumondas cumplementaras da las partidas ch’èn vegnidas refusadas. Supplementarmain pon las deposiziuns vegnir registradas sin bindel magnetic, sin video u cun auters meds tecnics adattads. Sche las deposiziuns vegnan registradas durant ina tractativa cun meds auxiliars tecnics tenor l’alinea 2, po la dretgira u il commember interrogant da la dretgira desister da preleger il protocol a la persuna interrogada u da laschar leger la persuna interrogada il protocol e da laschar suttascriver quel. Las registraziuns vegnan agiuntadas a las actas e conservadas ensemen cun il protocol. Versiun tenor la cifra I 1 da la LF dals 28 da sett. 2012 (prescripziuns da protocollaziun), en vigur dapi il 1. da matg 2013 (AS 2013 851; BBl 2012 5707 5719). Integrà tras la cifra I 1 da la LF dals 28 da sett. 2012 (prescripziuns da protocollaziun), en vigur dapi il 1. da matg 2013 (AS 2013 851; BBl 2012 5707 5719).3. secziun DocumentsArt. 177 NoziunSco documents valan per exempel scrittiras, dissegns, plans, fotografias, films, registraziuns sonoras, datotecas electronicas ed ulteriur material adattà per cumprovar fatgs giuridicamain relevants.Art. 178 AutenticitadIna partida che sa referescha ad in document sto cumprovar l’autenticitad da quest document, sche l’autenticitad vegn contestada da l’autra partida; la contestaziun sto vegnir motivada suffizientamain.Art. 179 Forza da cumprova da registers e da documents publicsIls registers ed ils documents publics cumprovan cumplainamain ils fatgs ch’els attestan, uschè ditg che l’incorrectadad da lur cuntegn n’è betg cumprovada.Art. 180 Inoltraziun Il document po vegnir inoltrà sco copia. La dretgira u ina partida po pretender ch’i vegnia inoltrà l’original u ina copia legalisada uffizialmain, sch’igl existan dubis motivads davart l’autenticitad. En cas da documents voluminus sto vegnir inditgada la part relevanta per la registraziun da las cumprovas.4. secziun InspecziunArt. 181 Realisaziun Sin dumonda d’ina partida u d’uffizi po la dretgira far ina inspecziun per constatar directamain ils fatgs u per survegnir ina meglra survista da la chaussa. La dretgira po envidar perditgas ed experts a l’inspecziun. L’object da l’inspecziun sto vegnir purtà davant dretgira, sche quai è pussaivel senza dischavantatgs.Art. 182 ProtocolL’inspecziun sto vegnir protocollada. Eventualmain vegn il protocol cumplettà cun plans, cun dissegns, cun fotografias u cun auters meds tecnics.5. secziun ExpertisaArt. 183 Princips Sin dumonda d’ina partida u d’uffizi po la dretgira incumbensar in u plirs experts da far in’expertisa. L’emprim taidla ella las partidas dal process. Per ils experts valan ils medems motivs da recusaziun sco per las persunas giudizialas. La dretgira sto infurmar las partidas dal process davart sia atgna savida spezialisada, per che quellas possian prender posiziun en chaussa.Art. 184 Dretgs ed obligaziuns da l’expert L’expert è obligà da dir la vardad e sto furnir sia expertisa entaifer il termin fixà. La dretgira renda attent l’expert a la chastiabladad d’ina faussa expertisa tenor l’artitgel 307 CP e da la violaziun dal secret d’uffizi tenor l’artitgel 320 CP sco er a las consequenzas da la negligientscha e d’in adempliment manglus da l’incumbensa. L’expert ha il dretg da vegnir indemnisà. Cunter la decisiun giudiziala davart l’indemnisaziun pon ins far recurs. SR 311.0Art. 185 Incumbensa La dretgira instruescha l’expert ed al tschenta – en scrit u a bucca en la tractativa – las dumondas ch’el ha da sclerir. A las partidas dal process dat la dretgira la chaschun da s’exprimer davart las dumondas e da proponer midadas u cumplettaziuns. La dretgira metta a disposiziun a l’expert las actas necessarias e fixescha in termin per furnir l’expertisa.Art. 186 Scleriments da l’expert Cun il consentiment da la dretgira po l’expert fa agens scleriments. Quels ston vegnir preschentads en l’expertisa. Sin dumonda d’ina partida u d’uffizi po la dretgira anc far ina giada ils scleriments tenor las reglas da la procedura da cumprova.Art. 187 Furniziun da l’expertisa La dretgira po ordinar che l’expertisa vegnia furnida a bucca u en scrit. Ultra da quai po ella ordinar che l’expert explitgeschia en la tractativa sia expertisa redigida en scrit. In’expertisa a bucca sto vegnir protocollada analogamain a l’artitgel 176. Sche plirs experts èn vegnids incumbensads, furnescha mintgin dad els in’expertisa, nun che la dretgira disponia insatge auter. La dretgira dat la chaschun a las partidas da laschar explitgar l’expertisa u da tschentar dumondas cumplementaras.Art. 188 Negligientscha e mancanzas Sche l’expert na furnescha betg l’expertisa entaifer il termin fixà, po la dretgira revocar l’incumbensa ed incumbensar in auter expert. Sin dumonda d’ina partida u d’uffizi po la dretgira cumplettar u laschar explitgar in’expertisa incumpletta, nunclera u motivada nunsuffizientamain ubain consultar in auter expert.Art. 189 Expertisa da cumpromiss Las partidas pon fixar da procurar in’expertisa da cumpromiss davart fatgs dispitaivels. Per la furma da la cunvegna vala l’artitgel 17 alinea 2. La dretgira è liada tras ils fatgs che vegnan constatads en l’expertisa da cumpromiss, sche:a. las partidas pon disponer libramain davart la relaziun giuridica;b. i n’eran avant maun nagins motivs da recusaziun cunter la persuna incumbensada; ec. l’expertisa da cumpromiss è vegnida redigida senza favurisar ina partida e n’è evidentamain betg faussa.6. secziun Infurmaziun en scritArt. 190 La dretgira po dumandar infurmaziuns en scrit dals uffizis. Ella po dumandar infurmaziuns en scrit da persunas privatas, sch’i na para betg dad esser necessari d’interrogar perditgas.7. secziun Interrogaziun da las partidas e deposiziun da cumprovaArt. 191 Interrogaziun da las partidas La dretgira po interrogar ina u tuttas duas partidas davart ils fatgs giuridicamain relevants. Avant l’interrogaziun vegnan las partidas admonidas da dir la vardad e rendidas attentas ch’ellas pon vegnir chastiadas cun ina multa disciplinara fin a 2000 francs ed en cas da repetiziun fin a 5000 francs, sch’ellas din aposta manzegnas.Art. 192 Deposiziun da cumprova Smanatschond sancziuns penalas po la dretgira obligar d’uffizi ina u tuttas duas partidas da dar pled e fatg. Avant che dar pled e fatg vegnan las partidas admonidas da dir la vardad e rendidas attentas a las consequenzas penalas d’ina faussa deposiziun (art. 306 CP). SR 311.0Art. 193 ProtocolPer protocollar l’interrogaziun da las partidas e la deposiziun da cumprova vala l’artitgel 176 confurm al senn.11. titel Assistenza giudiziala tranter dretgiras svizrasArt. 194 Princip Las dretgiras èn obligadas da prestar assistenza giudiziala ina a l’autra. Ellas communitgeschan directamain ina cun l’autra. L’autoritad giudiziala svizra cumpetenta tut tenor il lieu per dumondas d’assistenza giudiziala pon ins eruir sin la pagina d’internet www.elorge.admin.ch.Art. 195 Acts processuals exequids directamain en in auter chantunMintga dretgira po exequir directamain e sezza ils acts processuals necessaris er en in auter chantun; en spezial po ella tegnair sesidas e registrar cumprovas.Art. 196 Assistenza giudiziala La dretgira po dumandar assistenza giudiziala. La dumonda d’assistenza giudiziala po vegnir redigida en la lingua uffiziala dal chantun petent u dal chantun dumandà. La dretgira dumandada infurmescha la dretgira petenta e las partidas davart il lieu e davart las uras da l’act processual. La dretgira dumandada po pretender ina indemnisaziun per sias expensas.2. part Disposiziuns spezialas1. titel Emprova da mediaziun1. chapitel Champ d’applicaziun ed autoritad da mediaziunArt. 197 PrincipLa procedura da decisiun vegn precedida d’ina emprova da mediaziun davant in’autoritad da mediaziun.Art. 198 ExcepziunsLa procedura da mediaziun scroda:a. en la procedura summarica;a. en cas da plants pervia da violenza, smanatschas u persecuziuns tenor l’artitgel 28b CCS u concernent la surveglianza electronica tenor l’artitgel 28c CCS;b. en cas da plants davart il stadi civil d’ina persuna;b. en cas da plants davart il mantegniment da l’uffant e davart ulteriuras dumondas concernent ils uffants, sch’in genitur ha appellà a l’autoritad per la protecziun d’uffants avant il plant (art. 298b e 298d CCS);c. en la procedura da divorzi;d. en la procedura concernent la schliaziun e concernent la decleranza da nunvalaivladad dal partenadi registrà;e. en cas da plants concernent la LSC:1. plant sin abgiudicaziun dal debit (art. 83 al. 2 LSC),2. plant da constataziun (art. 85a LSC),3. plant d’opposiziun (art. 106 fin 109 LSC),4. plant da participaziun (art. 111 LSC),5. plant sin revendicaziun da terzas persunas e sin revendicaziun da la massa (art. 242 LSC),6. plant da collocaziun (art. 148 e 250 LSC),7. plant sin constataziun d’ina nova facultad (art. 265a LSC),8. plant sin restituziun d’objects da retenziun (art. 284 LEF);f. en cas da dispitas, per las qualas è cumpetenta – tenor ils artitgels 5 e 6 da questa lescha – in’unica instanza chantunala;g. en cas da l’intervenziun principala, dal cuntraplant e dal plant sin denunzia da la dispita;h. sche la dretgira ha fixà in termin per in plant. Integrà tras la cifra I 2 da la LF dals 14 da dec. 2018 davart la meglieraziun da la protecziun da victimas da violenza, en vigur dapi il 1. da fan. 2020 (AS 2019 2273; BBl 2017 7307). SR 210 Integrà tras la cifra 2 da l’agiunta da la LF dals 20 da mars 2015 (mantegniment dals uffants), en vigur dapi il 1. da schan. 2017 (AS 2015 4299; BBl 2014 529). Versiun tenor la cifra II da la LF dals 25 da sett. 2015 (represchentanza professiunala en la procedura d’execuziun sfurzada), en vigur dapi il 1. da schan. 2018 (AS 2016 3643; BBl 2014 8669). SR 281.1Art. 199 Renunzia a la procedura da mediaziun En cas da dispitas dal dretg patrimonial cun ina valur en dispita d’almain 100 000 francs pon las partidas renunziar cuminaivlamain da far la procedura da mediaziun. La partida che porta plant po renunziar da sia vart a la procedura da mediaziun:a. sche la partida accusada ha sia sedia u ses domicil a l’exteriur;b. sch’il lieu da dimora da la partida accusada n’è betg enconuschent;c. en dispitas tenor la Lescha d’egualitad dals 24 da mars 1995. SR 151.1Art. 200 Autoritads da mediaziun pariteticas En cas da dispitas che resultan tras la locaziun e tras la fittanza da localitads d’abitar e da fatschenta sa cumpona l’autoritad da mediaziun d’in parsura e d’ina represchentanza paritetica. En cas da dispitas tenor la Lescha d’egualitad dals 24 mars 1995 consista l’autoritad da mediaziun d’in parsura e d’ina represchentanza paritetica da la vart dal patrun e da la vart da la persuna emploiada sco er dal sectur public e dal sectur privat; las schlattainas ston esser represchentadas en moda paritetica. SR 151.1Art. 201 Incumbensas da l’autoritad da mediaziun L’autoritad da mediaziun emprova da conciliar las partidas en ina tractativa senza formalitads. Sche quai serva a terminar la dispita, pon vegnir integradas en in accord er dumondas dispitaivlas tranter las partidas cuntraversas che n’han da far nagut cun la procedura. En las fatschentas tenor l’artitgel 200 è l’autoritad da mediaziun er il post da cussegliaziun per dumondas da dretg.2. chapitel Procedura da mediaziunArt. 202 Iniziaziun La procedura vegn iniziada da la dumonda da mediaziun. Quella po vegnir inoltrada en las furmas tenor l’artitgel 130 u dada a protocol a bucca a l’autoritad da mediaziun. En la dumonda da mediaziun ston vegnir designads la cuntrapartida, la pretensiun giuridica e l’object da dispita. L’autoritad da mediaziun trametta immediatamain la dumonda da mediaziun a la cuntrapartida e citescha il medem mument las partidas a la mediaziun. En las fatschentas tenor l’artitgel 200 po ella disponer, uschenavant ch’ina proposta da sentenzia tenor l’artitgel 210 u ina decisiun tenor l’artitgel 212 vegn en dumonda, ch’i vegnia procedì excepziunalmain per correspundenza.Art. 203 Tractativa La tractativa sto vegnir fatga entaifer 2 mais suenter che la dumonda è entrada u lura suenter che la correspundenza è terminada. L’autoritad da mediaziun prenda invista d’eventuals documents e po far ina inspecziun. Uschenavant ch’ina proposta da sentenzia tenor l’artitgel 210 u ina decisiun tenor l’artitgel 212 vegn en dumonda, po ella er examinar las ulteriuras cumprovas, sche quai na retardescha betg essenzialmain la procedura. La tractativa n’è betg publica. En las fatschentas tenor l’artitgel 200 po l’autoritad da mediaziun admetter la publicitad per part u dal tuttafatg, sch’igl exista in interess public. Cun il consentiment da las partidas po l’autoritad da mediaziun far ulteriuras tractativas. La procedura sto vegnir terminada il pli tard suenter 12 mais.Art. 204 Preschientscha persunala Las partidas ston esser preschentas persunalmain a la tractativa da mediaziun. Ellas pon sa laschar accumpagnar d’ina assistenza giuridica u d’ina persuna da confidenza. Betg esser preschent persunalmain, respectivamain sa laschar represchentar dastga, tgi che:a. ha ses domicil en in auter chantun u a l’exteriur;b. è impedì pervia da malsogna, pervia da vegliadetgna u pervia d’auters motivs impurtants;c. deleghescha – en dispitas tenor l’artitgel 243 – sco patrun respectivamain sco assicurader ina persuna emploiada u sco locatur l’administraziun d’immobiglias cun ina autorisaziun en scrit da far in accord. La cuntrapartida sto vegnir orientada ordavant davart la represchentanza.Art. 205 Confidenzialitad da la procedura Deposiziuns da las partidas na dastgan ni vegnir protocolladas ni vegnir duvradas pli tard en la procedura da decisiun. Resalvada resta l’utilisaziun da las deposiziuns en cas che l’autoritad da mediaziun propona ina sentenzia u prenda ina decisiun.Art. 206 Negligientscha En cas d’ina negligientscha da la partida accusanta vala la dumonda da mediaziun sco retratga; la procedura vegn stritgada pervia da mancanza d’object. En cas d’ina negligientscha da la partida accusada proceda l’autoritad da mediaziun sco sch’i n’avess dà nagina cunvegna (art. 209 fin 212). En cas d’ina negligientscha da tuttas duas partidas vegn la procedura stritgada pervia da mancanza d’object.Art. 207 Custs da la procedura da mediaziun Ils custs da la procedura da mediaziun vegnan adossads a la partida accusanta:a. sch’ella retira la dumonda da mediaziun;b. sche la procedura vegn stritgada pervia da negligientscha;c. sche la permissiun da purtar plant vegn concedida. Sch’il plant vegn inoltrà, vegnan ils custs adossads a la chaussa principala.3. chapitel Cunvegna e permissiun da purtar plantArt. 208 Consens da las partidas Sch’i dat in consens, fa l’autoritad da mediaziun in protocol da l’accord, da l’acceptanza dal plant u da la retratga senza resalvas e lascha suttascriver quel da las partidas. Mintga partida survegn in exemplar dal protocol. In accord, l’acceptanza dal plant u ina retratga senza resalvas correspundan ad ina decisiun legalmain valaivla.Art. 209 Permissiun da purtar plant Sch’i na dat betg in consens, constatescha l’autoritad da mediaziun quai en il protocol e conceda la permissiun da purtar plant:a. en cas d’ina contestaziun d’augments dal tschains da locaziun e dal tschains da fittanza: al locatur u a l’affittader;b. en ils ulteriurs cas: a la partida accusanta. La permissiun da purtar plant cuntegna:a. ils nums e las adressas da las partidas e d’eventualas represchentanzas:b. la pretensiun giuridica da la partida accusanta cun l’object da dispita e cun in eventual cuntraplant;c. la data da l’iniziaziun da la procedura da mediaziun;d. la disposiziun davart ils custs da la procedura da mediaziun;e. la data da la permissiun da purtar plant;f. la suttascripziun da l’autoritad da mediaziun. Sche la permissiun da purtar plant è vegnida averta, permetta ella durant 3 mais d’inoltrar il plant a la dretgira. En cas da dispitas che resultan tras la locaziun e tras la fittanza da localitads d’abitar e da fatschenta sco er tras la fittanza agricula importa il termin da purtar plant 30 dis. Resalvads restan ulteriurs termins legals spezials e giuridics per purtar plant.4. chapitel Proposta da sentenzia e decisiunArt. 210 Proposta da sentenzia L’autoritad da mediaziun po proponer ina sentenzia a las partidas en:a. dispitas tenor la Lescha d’egualitad dals 24 da mars 1995.b. dispitas che resultan tras la locaziun e tras la fittanza da locals d’abitar e da fatschenta sco er tras la fittanza agricula, uschenavant ch’i èn pertutgads il deposit da tschains da locaziun e da fittanza, la protecziun cunter tschains da locaziun e da fittanza abusivs, la protecziun cunter la disditga u la prolungaziun da la relaziun da locaziun e da fittanza;c. las ulteriuras dispitas dal dretg patrimonial fin ad ina valur en dispita da 5000 francs. La proposta da sentenzia po cuntegnair ina curta motivaziun; dal rest vala l’artitgel 238 confurm al senn. SR 151.1Art. 211 Effects La proposta da sentenzia vala sco acceptada ed ha l’effect d’ina decisiun legalmain valaivla, sche nagina partida na la refusescha entaifer 20 dis dapi la communicaziun en scrit. La refusa na sto betg vegnir motivada. Suenter che la refusa è entrada, consegna l’autoritad da mediaziun la permissiun da purtar plant:a. en las fatschentas tenor l’artitgel 210 alinea 1 litera b: a la partida refusanta;b. en ils ulteriurs cas: a la partida accusanta. Sch’il plant en las fatschentas tenor l’artitgel 210 alinea 1 litera b na vegn betg inoltrà a temp, vala la proposta da sentenzia sco renconuschida ed ella ha l’effect d’ina decisiun legalmain valaivla. En la proposta da sentenzia ston las partidas vegnir rendidas attentas als effects tenor ils alineas 1 fin 3.Art. 212 Decisiun Dispitas dal dretg patrimonial fin ad ina valur en dispita da 2000 francs po decider l’autoritad da mediaziun, sche la partida accusanta fa ina proposta correspundenta. La procedura vegn fatga a bucca.2. titel Mediaziun extragiudizialaArt. 213 Mediaziun extragiudiziala empè d’ina procedura da mediaziun Sin proposta da tut las partidas vegn fatga ina mediaziun extragiudiziala empè d’ina procedura da mediaziun. La proposta sto vegnir fatga en la dumonda da mediaziun u a la tractativa da mediaziun. Sch’ina partida communitgescha a l’autoritad da mediaziun che la mediaziun extragiudiziala haja fatg naufragi, vegn emessa la permissiun da purtar plant.Art. 214 Mediaziun extragiudiziala en la procedura da decisiun La dretgira po adina recumandar a las partidas da far ina mediaziun extragiudiziala. Las partidas pon adina proponer cuminaivlamain a la dretgira da conceder ad ellas ina mediaziun extragiudiziala. La procedura giudiziala resta sistida fin ch’ina partida revochescha la proposta u fin ch’i vegn communitgà che la mediaziun extragiudiziala saja terminada.Art. 215 Organisaziun e realisaziun da la mediaziun extragiudizialaL’organisaziun e la realisaziun da la mediaziun extragiudiziala è chaussa da las partidas.Art. 216 Relaziun envers la procedura giudiziala La mediaziun extragiudiziala è independenta da l’autoritad da mediaziun e da la dretgira ed è confidenziala. Las deposiziuns da las partidas na dastgan betg vegnir duvradas en la procedura giudiziala.Art. 217 Approvaziun d’in accordLas partidas pon pretender cuminaivlamain che l’accord cuntanschì en la mediaziun extragiudiziala, vegnia approvà. L’accord approvà correspunda ad ina decisiun legalmain valaivla.Art. 218 Custs da la mediaziun extragiudiziala Las partidas portan ils custs da la mediaziun extragiudiziala. En fatschentas dal dretg dals uffants han las partidas il dretg sin ina mediaziun extragiudiziala gratuita, sche:a. ils meds finanzials necessaris las mancan; eb. la dretgira recumonda da far ina mediaziun extragiudiziala. Il dretg chantunal po prevair ulteriuras reducziuns dals custs. Versiun tenor la cifra 2 da l’agiunta da la LF dals 20 da mars 2015 (mantegniment dals uffants), en vigur dapi il 1. da schan. 2017 (AS 2015 4299; BBl 2014 529).3. titel Procedura ordinaria1. chapitel Champ d’applicaziunArt. 219Las disposiziuns da quest titel valan per la procedura ordinaria sco er – confurm al senn – per tut las autras proceduras, nun che questa lescha disponia insatge auter.2. chapitel Correspundenza e preparaziun da la tractativa principalaArt. 220 CumenzamentLa procedura ordinaria cumenza cun inoltrar il plant.Art. 221 Plant Il plant cuntegna:a. la denominaziun da las partidas dal process e d’eventualas represchentanzas;b. la pretensiun giuridica;c. l’indicaziun da la valur en dispita;d. las pretensiuns davart il fatg;e. la denominaziun da las cumprovas tar ils fatgs pretendids;f. la data e la suttascripziun. Cun il plant ston vegnir inoltradas las suandantas agiuntas:a. in plainpudair en cas d’ina represchentanza;b. eventualmain la permissiun da purtar plant u la decleranza ch’i vegnia renunzià a la procedura da mediaziun;c. ils documents disponibels che duain servir sco cumprovas;d. ina glista da las cumprovas. Il plant po cuntegnair ina motivaziun giuridica.Art. 222 Resposta al plant La dretgira trametta il plant a la partida accusada e fixescha il medem mument in termin per respunder en scrit il plant. Per respunder il plant vala l’artitgel 221 confurm al senn. La partida accusada sto explitgar tgeninas da las pretensiuns davart il fatg da la partida accusanta che vegnan renconuschidas u refusadas. La dretgira po ordinar a la partida accusada da restrenscher la resposta al plant a singulas dumondas u a singulas pretensiuns giuridicas (art. 125). Ella trametta la resposta al plant a la partida accusanta.Art. 223 Resposta al plant negligida Sche la partida accusada negligescha da dar la resposta al plant, la conceda la dretgira ina curta prolungaziun dal termin. Sche quest termin scada senza ch’el saja vegnì duvrà, prenda la dretgira ina decisiun finala, premess che la fatschenta saja madira per la sentenzia. Cas cuntrari citescha ella las partidas a la tractativa principala.Art. 224 Cuntraplant En la resposta al plant po la partida accusada purtar cuntraplant, sche la pretensiun che vegn fatga valair sto vegnir giuditgada tenor il medem tip da procedura sco il plant principal. Sche la valur en dispita dal cuntraplant surpassa la cumpetenza materiala da la dretgira, sto quella transferir tuts dus plants a la dretgira che ha ina cumpetenza materiala pli auta. Sch’i vegn fatg in cuntraplant, fixescha la dretgira in termin per la partida accusanta per dar resposta en scrit. I n’è betg admess da far in cuntraplant cunter in cuntraplant.Art. 225 Segunda correspundenzaSche las relaziuns pretendan quai, po la dretgira ordinar ina segunda correspundenza.Art. 226 Audienzas d’instrucziun La dretgira po da tut temp far audienzas d’instrucziun. Las audienzas d’instrucziun servan a discutar libramain l’object da dispita, a cumplettar ils fatgs, ad empruvar da chattar in accord ed a preparar la tractativa principala. La dretgira po examinar cumprovas.Art. 227 Midada dal plant Igl è admissibel da midar in plant, sche la pretensiun midada u nova sto vegnir giuditgada tenor il medem tip da procedura e:a. sch’ella stat en in connex material cun la pretensiun vertenta;b. sche la cuntrapartida va d’accord cun quai. Sche la valur en dispita dal plant midà surpassa la cumpetenza materiala da la dretgira, sto quella transferir il process a la dretgira che ha ina cumpetenza materiala pli auta. Igl è adina pussaivel da limitar il plant; la dretgira appellada resta cumpetenta.3. chapitel Tractativa principalaArt. 228 Emprims pleds da las partidas Suenter l’avertura da la tractativa principala fan las partidas lur propostas e las motiveschan. La dretgira dat la pussaivladad da far ina replica e da far ina duplica.Art. 229 Novs fatgs e novas cumprovas En la tractativa principala vegnan resguardads novs fatgs e novas cumprovas mo pli, sch’els vegnan preschentads senza retard e:a. sch’els èn resultads pir suenter che la correspundenza è stada terminada u suenter l’ultima audienza d’instrucziun (novums autentics); ub. sch’els èn stads avant maun gia avant che la correspundenza è stada terminada u avant l’ultima audienza d’instrucziun, ma n’han betg pudì vegnir preschentads pli baud malgrà la premura che po vegnir pretendida (novums nunautentics). Sch’i n’ha gì lieu ni ina segunda correspundenza ni in’audienza d’instrucziun, pon vegnir preschentads illimitadamain novs fatgs e novs meds da cumprova al cumenzament da la tractativa principala. Sche la dretgira sto sclerir d’uffizi ils fatgs, resguarda ella novs fatgs e novs meds da cumprova fin a la tractativa da la sentenzia. Versiun tenor la cifra II da la LF dals 25 da sett. 2015 (represchentanza professiunala en la procedura d’execuziun sfurzada), en vigur dapi il 1. da schan. 2018 (AS 2016 3643; BBl 2014 8669).Art. 230 Midada dal plant En la tractativa principala èsi admess da midar il plant mo, sche:a. las premissas tenor l’artitgel 227 alinea 1 èn dadas; eb. la midada dal plant sa basa sin novs fatgs u sin novas cumprovas. L’artitgel 227 alineas 2 e 3 è applitgabel. Versiun tenor la cifra II da la LF dals 25 da sett. 2015 (represchentanza professiunala en la procedura d’execuziun sfurzada), en vigur dapi il 1. da schan. 2018 (AS 2016 3643; BBl 2014 8669).Art. 231 Examinaziun da las cumprovasSuenter ils pleds da las partidas examinescha la dretgira las cumprovas.Art. 232 Pleds finals Suenter che l’examinaziun da las cumprovas è terminada pon las partidas prender posiziun davart il resultat da las cumprovas e davart la chaussa. La partida accusanta pleda sco emprima. La dretgira dat la pussaivladad a las partidas da far in segund pled. Las partidas pon renunziar cuminaivlamain als pleds finals orals e pretender d’inoltrar en scrit ils pleds da las partidas. La dretgira fixescha in termin per quai.Art. 233 Renunzia a la tractativa principalaLas partidas pon renunziar cuminaivlamain a la tractativa principala.Art. 234 Negligientscha a la tractativa principala En cas d’ina negligientscha d’ina partida, resguarda la dretgira las inoltraziuns ch’èn vegnidas fatgas a norma da questa lescha. Dal rest po ella basar sia decisiun – cun resalva da l’artitgel 153 – sin las actas sco er sin ils motivs e sin ils arguments da la partida preschenta. En cas d’ina negligientscha da tuttas duas partidas vegn la procedura annullada pervia da mancanza d’object. Ils custs da dretgira vegnan adossads a las partidas mintgamai per la mesadad.4. chapitel ProtocolArt. 235 La dretgira fa in protocol da mintga tractativa. Quel cuntegna en spezial:a. il lieu ed il temp da la tractativa;b. la cumposiziun da la dretgira;c. la preschientscha da las partidas e da lur represchentanzas;d. las pretensiuns giuridicas, las propostas e las decleranzas da process da las partidas;e. las disposiziuns da la dretgira;f. la suttascripziun da la persuna che fa il protocol. Las explicaziuns che concernan ils fatgs ston vegnir protocolladas tenor lur cuntegn essenzial, nun ch’ellas sajan gia cuntegnidas en ils documents da las partidas. Supplementarmain pon ellas vegnir registradas sin bindel magnetic, sin video u cun auters meds tecnics adattads. Davart las dumondas per curreger il protocol decida la dretgira.5. chapitel DecisiunArt. 236 Decisiun finala Sche la procedura è madira per la sentenzia, vegn ella terminada tras ina decisiun u tras ina decisiun da betg entrar en chaussa. La dretgira giuditgescha sin basa d’ina decisiun da maioritad. Sin proposta da la partida gudagnanta decretescha ella mesiras d’execuziun.Art. 237 Decisiun intermediara La dretgira po prender ina decisiun intermediara, sch’i po vegnir cuntanschida uschia immediatamain ina decisiun finala pervia d’in giudicament divergent tras l’instanza superiura e sch’i po vegnir realisà uschia in respargn considerabel da temp u da custs. La decisiun intermediara sto vegnir contestada en moda independenta; ina contestaziun posteriura ensemen cun la decisiun finala è exclusa.Art. 238 CuntegnLa decisiun cuntegna:a. la denominaziun e la cumposiziun da la dretgira;b. il lieu e la data da la decisiun;c. la denominaziun da las partidas e da lur represchentanza;d. il dispositiv da la sentenzia;e. las indicaziuns da las persunas e da las autoritads, a las qualas la decisiun sto vegnir communitgada;f. ina indicaziun dals meds legals, nun che las partidas hajan renunzià als meds legals;g. eventualmain ils motivs, sin ils quals la decisiun sa basa;h. la suttascripziun da la dretgira.Art. 239 Communicaziun e motivaziun La dretgira po communitgar sia decisiun senza ina motivaziun en scrit:a. en la tractativa principala cun surdar il dispositiv en scrit a las partidas cun ina curta motivaziun a bucca;b. cun consegnar il dispositiv a las partidas. Ina motivaziun en scrit sto vegnir furnida posteriuramain, sch’ina partida pretenda quai entaifer 10 dis suenter la communicaziun da la decisiun. Sch’i na vegn betg pretendì ina motivaziun, vala quai sco renunzia da contestar la decisiun tras appellaziun u tras recurs. Resalvadas restan las disposiziuns da la Lescha federala dals 17 da zercladur 2005 davart il Tribunal federal concernent la communicaziun da decisiuns, cunter las qualas i po vegnir recurrì tar il Tribunal federal. SR 173.110Art. 240 Communicaziun e publicaziun da la sentenziaSche la lescha prevesa quai u sche quai serva a l’execuziun, vegn la decisiun communitgada ad autoritads u a terzas persunas pertutgadas ubain publitgada.6. chapitel Terminaziun da la procedura senza decisiunArt. 241 Accord, acceptanza dal plant, retratga dal plant Sch’i vegn dà a protocol davant dretgira in accord, in’acceptanza dal plant u ina retratga dal plant, ston las partidas suttascriver il protocol. In accord, in’acceptanza dal plant u ina retratga dal plant correspundan ad ina decisiun legalmain valaivla. La dretgira annullescha la procedura.Art. 242 Ina procedura che ha pers ses object per auters motivsSche la procedura vegn terminada per auters motivs senza ina decisiun, vegn ella annullada.4. titel Procedura simplifitgadaArt. 243 Champ d’applicaziun La procedura simplifitgada vala per dispitas dal dretg patrimonial fin ad ina valur en dispita da 30 000 francs. Ella vala senza resguardar la valur en dispita en cas da dispitas:a. tenor la Lescha d’egualitad dals 24 da mars 1995;b. pervia da violenza, smanatschas u persecuziuns tenor l’artitgel 28b CCS u concernent la surveglianza electronica tenor l’artitgel 28c CCS;c. che resultan tras la locaziun e tras la fittanza da locals d’abitar e da fatschenta sco er tras la fittanza agricula, uschenavant ch’i èn pertutgads il deposit da tschains da locaziun e da fittanza, la protecziun cunter tschains da locaziun e da fittanza abusivs, la protecziun cunter la disditga u la prolungaziun da la relaziun da locaziun u da fittanza;d. per far valair il dretg d’infurmaziun tenor l’artitgel 25 LPD;e. tenor la Lescha da participaziun dals 17 da december 1993;f. che resultan tras assicuranzas supplementaras a l’assicuranza da malsaunas sociala tenor la Lescha federala dals 18 da mars 1994 davart l’assicuranza da malsauns. Ella na vegn betg applitgada per dispitas davant l’unica instanza chantunala tenor ils artitgels 5 ed 8 e davant la dretgira commerziala tenor l’artitgel 6. Versiun tenor la cifra I 2 da la LF dals 14 da dec. 2018 davart la meglieraziun da la protecziun da victimas da violenza, en vigur dapi il 1. da fan. 2020 (AS 2019 2273; BBl 2017 7307). SR 151.1 Versiun tenor la cifra I 2 da la LF dals 14 da dec. 2018 davart la meglieraziun da la protecziun da victimas da violenza, en vigur dapi il 1. da fan. 2020 (AS 2019 2273; BBl 2017 7307). SR 210 Versiun tenor la cifra II 24 da l’agiunta 1 da la LF dals 25 da sett. 2020 davart la protecziun da datas, en vigur dapi il 1. da sett. 2023 (AS 2022 491; BBl 2017 6941). SR 235.1 SR 822.14 SR 832.10Art. 244 Plant simplifitgà Il plant po vegnir inoltrà en las furmas tenor l’artitgel 130 u dà a protocol a bucca a la dretgira. El cuntegna:a. la denominaziun da las partidas;b. la pretensiun giuridica;c. la denominaziun da l’object da dispita;d. sche necessari l’indicaziun da la valur en dispita;e. la data e la suttascripziun. Ina motivaziun dal plant n’è betg necessaria. Sco agiuntas ston vegnir inoltrads:a. in plainpudair en cas d’ina represchentanza;b. la permissiun da purtar plant u la decleranza ch’i vegnia renunzià a la procedura da mediaziun;c. ils documents disponibels che duain servir sco meds da cumprova.Art. 245 Citaziun a la tractativa e prender posiziun Sch’il plant na cuntegna betg ina motivaziun, al trametta la dretgira a la partida accusada e citescha il medem mument las partidas a la tractativa. Sch’il plant cuntegna ina motivaziun, fixescha la dretgira l’emprim in termin per la partida accusada per ch’ella possia prender posiziun en scrit.Art. 246 Disposiziuns processualas La dretgira prenda las disposiziuns ch’èn necessarias per che la chaussa en dispita possia vegnir liquidada sche pussaivel a l’emprim termin. Sche las relaziuns pretendan quai, po la dretgira ordinar ina correspundenza e far audienzas d’instrucziun.Art. 247 Constataziun dals fatgs Cun dumondas correspundentas cuntanscha la dretgira che las partidas cumpletteschian indicaziuns nunsuffizientas concernent ils fatgs e designeschian las cumprovas. La dretgira constatescha d’uffizi ils fatgs:a. en las fatschentas tenor l’artitgel 243 alinea 2;b. fin ad ina valur en dispita da 30 000 francs:1. en las ulteriuras dispitas che resultan tras la locaziun e tras la fittanza da locals d’abitar e da fatschenta sco er tras la fittanza agricula,2. en las ulteriuras dispitas dal dretg da lavur.5. titel Procedura summarica1. chapitel Champ d’applicaziunArt. 248 PrincipLa procedura summarica è applitgabla:a. en ils cas ch’èn fixads da la lescha;b. per la protecziun giuridica en cas evidents;c. per il scumond giudizial;d. per las mesiras preventivas;e. per las fatschentas da la giurisdicziun voluntara.Art. 249 Cudesch civil svizzerLa procedura summarica vala en spezial per las suandantas fatschentas:a. dretg da persunas:1. la fixaziun d’in termin per approvar fatschentas giuridicas d’ina persuna minorenna u d’ina persuna che stat sut curatella cumplessiva (art. 19a CCS),2. il dretg da far ina replica (art. 28l CCS),3. la decleranza da spariziun (art. 35 fin 38 CCS),4. la correctura d’ina inscripziun en il register dal stadi civil (art. 42 CCS);b. ...c. dretg d’ierta:1. prender en consegna in testament a bucca (art. 507 CCS),2. la garanzia en cas da l’ertar d’ina persuna sparida (art. 546 CCS),3. il spustament da la partiziun d’ierta e la segirezza dals dretgs dals cunertavels envers ertavels insolvents (art. 604 al. 2 e 3 CCS);d. dretgs reals:1. las mesiras per mantegnair la valur e l’utilitad da la chaussa en cas da cumproprietad (art. 647 al. 2 cifra 1 CCS),2. l’inscripziun da dretgs reals vi da bains immobigliars en cas d’in acquist tras giudida extraordinari (art. 662 CCS),3. l’aboliziun dal dretg da far protesta cunter las disposiziuns davart in plaun (art. 712c al. 3 CCS),4. la nominaziun e la revocaziun da l’administratur en cas d’ina proprietad en condomini (art. 712q e 712r CCS),5. l’inscripziun provisorica da dretgs da pegn legals (art. 712i, 779d, 779k ed 837 fin 839 CCS),6. la fixaziun d’in termin per la garanzia en cas da la giudida ed en cas da la retratga dal possess (art. 760 e 762 CCS),7. l’ordinaziun da la liquidaziun dals debits da la facultad da giudida (art. 766 CCS),8. las mesiras a favur dal creditur da pegn per garantir il pegn immobigliar (art. 808 al. 1 e 2 sco er art. 809 fin 811 CCS),9. l’ordinaziun davart la represchentanza en cas d’ina brev ipotecara (art. 850 al. 3 CCS),10. l’annullaziun d’ina brev ipotecara (art. 856 e 865 CCS),11. la prenotaziun da restricziuns dal dretg da disponer ed inscripziuns provisoricas en il register funsil en cas da dispita (art. 960 al. 1 cifra 1, 961 al. 1 cifra 1 e 966 al. 2 CCS). Versiun tenor l’agiunta 2 cifra 3 da la LF dals 19 da dec. 2008, en vigur dapi il 1. da schan. 2013 (AS 2010 1739; BBl 2006 7221; AS 2011 725; BBl 2006 7001). SR 210 Abolì tras l’agiunta 2 cifra 3 da la LF dals 19 da dec. 2008, cun effect dapi il 1. da schan. 2013 (AS 2010 1739; BBl 2006 7221; AS 2011 725; BBl 2006 7001). Versiun tenor la cifra II 3 da la LF dals 11 da dec. 2009 (brev ipotecara registrada ed ulteriuras midadas en ils dretgs reals), en vigur dapi il 1. da schan. 2012 (AS 2011 4637; BBl 2007 5283). Versiun tenor la cifra II 3 da la LF dals 11 da dec. 2009 (brev ipotecara registrada ed ulteriuras midadas en ils dretgs reals), en vigur dapi il 1. da schan. 2012 (AS 2011 4637; BBl 2007 5283).Art. 250 Dretg d’obligaziunsLa procedura summarica vala en spezial per las suandantas fatschentas:a. part generala:1. il deposit tar la dretgira d’in plainpudair extinguì (art. 36 al. 1 DO),2. la fixaziun d’in termin adequat per la garanzia (art. 83 al. 2 DO),3. il deposit e la vendita da la chaussa debitada en cas d’in retard dal creditur (art. 92 al. 2 e 93 al. 2 DO),4. l’autorisaziun da far la prestaziun (art. 98 DO),5. la fixaziun d’in termin per ademplir il contract (art. 107 al. 1 DO),6. il deposit d’ina summa dispitaivla (art. 168 al. 1 DO);b. singulas relaziuns contractualas:1. la designaziun d’in expert per la controlla posteriura dal resultat da la fatschenta u dal rendaquint da provisiun (art. 322a al. 2 e 322c al. 2 DO),2. la fixaziun d’in termin per prestar ina garanzia, sch’il salari è periclità (art. 337a DO),3. la fixaziun d’in termin en cas d’ina execuziun da la lavur cuntraria al contract (art. 366 al. 2 DO),4. la designaziun d’in expert per examinar l’ovra (art. 367 DO),5. la fixaziun d’in termin per ina nova ediziun d’ina ovra litterara u artistica (art. 383 al. 3 DO),6. la restituziun da la chaussa depositada a chaschun d’in sequester (art. 480 DO),7. il giudicament da la garanzia dal pegn immobigliar en cas d’ina garanzia solidarica (art. 496 al. 2 DO),8. la suspensiun da la scussiun cunter il garant en cas da prestaziuns da garanzias realas (art. 501 al. 2 DO),9. la segirezza dal debitur principal e la liberaziun da la garanzia (art. 506 DO);c. dretg da societads e register da commerzi:1. la retratga provisorica da l’autorisaziun da represchentanza (art. 565 al. 2, 603 e 767 al. 1 DO),2. la designaziun da la represchentanza cuminaivla (art. 690 al. 1, 764 al. 2, 792 cifra 1 ed 847 al. 4 DO),3. la nominaziun, la revocaziun ed il remplazzament da liquidaturs (art. 583 al. 2, 619, 740, 741, 770, 826 al. 2 e 913 DO),4. la vendita per in pretsch da cumpra global ed il gener da l’alienaziun da bains immobigliars (art. 585 al. 3 e 619 DO),5. la designaziun da l’expert per controllar il quint da gudogn e da perdita sco er la bilantscha da la societad commanditara (art. 600 al. 3 DO),6. la fixaziun d’in termin en cas d’in dumber nunsuffizient da commembers u en cas ch’ils organs necessaris mancan (art. 731b, 819, 908 e 941a DO),7. l’ordinaziun da dar infurmaziuns als crediturs sco er als acziunaris, als commembers d’ina societad cun responsabladad limitada ed als associads (art. 697b, 802 al. 4, 857 al. 3 e 958e DO),8. la controlla speziala (art. 697c–697h DO),9. la convocaziun da la radunanza generala, la tractandaziun d’in object da tractativa e l’integraziun da propostas e da curtas motivaziuns en l’invitaziun a la radunanza generala (art. 699 al. 5, 699b al. 4, 805 al. 5 cifra 2 e 3 ed 881 al. 3 DO),10. la designaziun d’ina represchentanza da la societad u da l’associaziun, sche conclus da la radunanza generala vegnan contestads da l’administraziun (art. 706a al. 2, 808c ed 891 al. 1 DO),11. la nominaziun e la revocaziun dal post da revisiun (art. 731b, 819 e 908 DO),12. il deposit d’imports pretendids en cas d’ina liquidaziun (art. 744, 770, 826 al. 2 e 913 DO),13. la revocaziun da l’administraziun e dal post da revisiun da l’associaziun (art. 890 al. 2 DO),14. la reinscripziun d’ina unitad giuridica stizzada en il register da commerzi (art. 935 DO),15.l’ordinaziun da dissolver la societad e da liquidar la societad tenor las prescripziuns davart il concurs (art. 731b, 819 e 908 DO);d. dretg da vaglias:1. l’annullaziun da vaglias (art. 981 DO),2. il scumond da pajar ina cambiala ed il deposit da la summa da la cambiala (art. 1072 DO),3. l’extincziun dal plainpudair che la radunanza dals crediturs ha dà ad in represchentant en cas d’obligaziuns d’emprest (art. 1162 al. 4 DO),4. la convocaziun d’ina radunanza dals crediturs che vegn pretendida dals crediturs d’emprest (art. 1165 al. 3 e 4 DO). SR 220 Rectifitgà da la cumissiun da redacziun da l’AF (art. 58 al. 1 LParl; SR 171.10). Versiun tenor la cifra 2 da l’agiunta da la LF dals 17 da mars 2017 (dretg dal register da commerzi), en vigur dapi il 1. da schan. 2021 (AS 2020 957; BBl 2015 3617). Versiun tenor la cifra II da la LF dals 25 da sett. 2015 (represchentanza professiunala en la procedura d’execuziun sfurzada), en vigur dapi il 1. da schan. 2018 (AS 2016 3643; BBl 2014 8669). Versiun tenor la cifra 3 da l’agiunta da la LF dals 19 da zer. 2020 (dretg d’aczias), en vigur dapi il 1. da schan. 2023 (AS 2020 4005; 2022 109; BBl 2017 399). Versiun tenor la cifra 3 da l’agiunta da la LF dals 19 da zer. 2020 (dretg d’aczias), en vigur dapi il 1. da schan. 2023 (AS 2020 4005; 2022 109; BBl 2017 399). Versiun tenor la cifra 3 da l’agiunta da la LF dals 19 da zer. 2020 (dretg d’aczias), en vigur dapi il 1. da schan. 2023 (AS 2020 4005; 2022 109; BBl 2017 399). Versiun tenor la cifra 3 da l’agiunta da la LF dals 19 da zer. 2020 (dretg d’aczias), en vigur dapi il 1. da schan. 2023 (AS 2020 4005; 2022 109; BBl 2017 399). Versiun tenor la cifra 3 da l’agiunta da la LF dals 19 da zer. 2020 (dretg d’aczias), en vigur dapi il 1. da schan. 2023 (AS 2020 4005; 2022 109; BBl 2017 399). Versiun tenor la cifra II da la LF dals 25 da sett. 2015 (represchentanza professiunala en la procedura d’execuziun sfurzada), en vigur dapi il 1. da schan. 2018 (AS 2016 3643; BBl 2014 8669). Integrà tras la cifra 2 da l’agiunta da la LF dals 17 da mars 2017 (dretg dal register da commerzi), en vigur dapi il 1. da schan. 2021 (AS 2020 957; BBl 2015 3617). Integrà tras la cifra 3 da l’agiunta da la LF dals 19 da zer. 2020 (dretg d’aczias), en vigur dapi il 1. da schan. 2023 (AS 2020 4005; 2022 109, 110; BBl 2017 399).Art. 251 Lescha federala dals 11 d’avrigl 1889 davart la scussiun ed il concursLa procedura summarica vala en spezial per las suandantas fatschentas:a. las decisiuns che vegnan prendidas da la dretgira da l’avertura da dretg, da la dretgira da concurs, da la dretgira d’arrest e da la dretgira da moratori;b. la permissiun da l’opposiziun posteriura (art. 77 al. 3 LSC) e da l’opposiziun en la scussiun da cambialas (art. 181 LSC);c. l’aboliziun u la sistida da la scussiun (art. 85 LSC);d. la decisiun che nova facultad è avant maun (art. 265a al. 1 fin 3 LSC);e. l’ordinaziun da la separaziun dals bains (art. 68b LSC). SR 281.1Art. 251a Lescha federala dals 18 da december 1987 davart il dretg internaziunal privatLa procedura summarica vala en spezial per las suandantas fatschentas:a. la nominaziun ed il remplazzament da commembers da la dretgira da cumpromiss (art. 179 al. 2–5 LDIP);b. la refusa e la revocaziun d’in commember da la dretgira da cumpromiss (art. 180a al. 2 ed art. 180b al. 2 LDIP);c. la cooperaziun da la dretgira statala a la realisaziun da mesiras preventivas (art. 183 al. 2 LDIP) ed a l’examinaziun da las cumprovas (art. 184 al. 2 LDIP);d. l’ulteriura cooperaziun da la dretgira statala a la procedura da cumpromiss (art. 185 LDIP);e. la cooperaziun da la dretgira statala a proceduras da cumpromiss estras (art. 185a LDIP);f. il deposit da la decisiun da cumpromiss e l’emissiun d’ina decleranza d’executabilitad (art. 193 LDIP);g. la renconuschientscha e l’execuziun da decisiuns da cumpromiss estras (art. 194 LDIP). Integrà tras la cifra 2 da l’agiunta da la LF dals 19 da zer. 2020, en vigur dapi il 1. da schan. 2021 (AS 2020 4179; BBl 2018 7163). SR 2912. chapitel Procedura e decisiunArt. 252 Dumonda La procedura vegn iniziada d’ina dumonda. La dumonda sto vegnir fatga en las furmas tenor l’artitgel 130; en cas simpels u en cas urgents po ella vegnir dada a protocol a bucca davant dretgira.Art. 253 PosiziunSche la dumonda na para betg dad esser evidentamain inadmissibla u evidentamain nunmotivada, dat la dretgira a la cuntrapartida la pussaivladad da prender posiziun a bucca u en scrit.Art. 254 Cumprovas Las cumprovas ston vegnir fatgas tras documents. Autras cumprovas èn mo admissiblas:a. sch’ellas na retardeschan betg considerablamain la procedura;b. sche l’intent da la procedura pretenda quai; uc. sche la dretgira sto constatar d’uffizi ils fatgs.Art. 255 Princip d’inquisiziunLa dretgira constatescha d’uffizi ils fatgs:a. sch’ella ha da decider sco dretgira da concurs u sco dretgira da moratori;b. en cas d’ordinaziuns da la giurisdicziun voluntara.Art. 256 Decisiun La dretgira po renunziar ad ina tractativa e decider sin basa da las actas, nun che questa lescha disponia insatge auter. Sch’i sa mussa posteriuramain ch’ina ordinaziun da la giurisdicziun voluntara n’è betg stada correcta, po ella vegnir abolida u midada d’uffizi u sin proposta, nun che questa lescha u la segirezza giuridica s’opponian a quai.3. chapitel Protecziun giuridica en cas clersArt. 257 La dretgira conceda ina protecziun giuridica en la procedura summarica, sche:a. ils fatgs èn incontestads u cumprovabels immediatamain; eb. la situaziun giuridica è clera. Questa protecziun giuridica è exclusa, sche la fatschenta suttastat a la maxima uffiziala. Sche questa protecziun giuridica na po betg vegnir concedida, n’entra la dretgira betg en la dumonda.4. chapitel Scumond giudizialArt. 258 Princip Tgi che ha in dretg real vi d’in bain immobigliar po pretender davant dretgira ch’ella scumondia mintga disturbi dal possess e ch’ina cuntravenziun vegnia chastiada, sin denunzia, cun ina multa da fin 2000 francs. Quest scumond po esser fixà per in temp limità u per in temp illimità. Il petent sto cumprovar ses dretg real cun documents e sto far valair vardaivlamain ch’in disturbi exista u smanatscha.Art. 259 PublicaziunIl scumond sto vegnir communitgà publicamain e sto vegnir plazzà sin il bain immobigliar en in lieu bain visibel.Art. 260 Protesta Tgi che na vul betg renconuscher il scumond sto far protesta tar la dretgira entaifer 30 dis dapi sia publicaziun e dapi ses plazzament sin il bain immobigliar. La protesta na sto betg vegnir motivada. La protesta fa ch’il scumond na vala betg per la persuna che ha fatg la protesta. Per far valair il scumond stoi vegnir purtà plant davant dretgira.5. chapitel Mesiras preventivas e document da protecziun1. secziun Mesiras preventivasArt. 261 Princip La dretgira prenda las mesiras preventivas necessarias, sche la partida petenta fa valair vardaivlamain, che:a. in dretg ch’ella ha è violà u ch’igl è da temair ina violaziun; eb. da questa violaziun la smanatscha in dischavantatg ch’è difficil da puspè vegnir fatg bun. Sche la cuntrapartida dat ina garanzia adequata, po la dretgira desister da prender mesiras preventivas.Art. 262 CuntegnIna mesira preventiva po esser mintga ordinaziun giudiziala ch’è adattada da gidar ad evitar il dischavantatg smanatschant, en spezial:a. in scumond;b. in’ordinaziun per eliminar in stadi illegal;c. ina instrucziun ad in uffizi da registraziun u ad ina terza persuna;d. ina prestaziun materiala;e. il pajament d’in import da daners en ils cas fixads da la lescha.Art. 263 Mesiras avant la litispendenzaSch’il plant en la chaussa principala n’è betg anc pendent, fixescha la dretgira in termin per la partida petenta per inoltrar il plant, smanatschond che la mesira ordinada scrodia senz’auter, sch’il termin scadia senza ch’el saja vegnì duvrà.Art. 264 Garanzia ed indemnisaziun dal donn Sch’igl è da temair ch’i dettia in donn per la cuntrapartida, po la dretgira decider che mesiras preventivas vegnian ordinadas, sche la partida petenta presta ina garanzia. La partida petenta stat buna per il donn che resulta d’ina mesira preventiva nungiustifitgada. Ma sch’ella cumprova ch’ella ha fatg sia dumonda en buna fai, po la dretgira reducir l’obligaziun d’indemnisaziun u la liberar dal tuttafatg da tala. Ina garanzia prestada sto vegnir dada libra, cur ch’igl è cler ch’i na vegn inoltrà nagin plant sin indemnisaziun dal donn; en cas d’intschertezza fixescha la dretgira in termin per purtar plant.Art. 265 Mesiras superprovisoricas Sch’igl è spezialmain urgent, oravant tut en cas d’in privel d’impediment, po la dretgira ordinar la mesira preventiva immediatamain e senza tadlar la cuntrapartida. Ordinond la mesira preventiva citescha la dretgira las partidas ad ina audienza che sto avair lieu immediatamain u fixescha in termin per la cuntrapartida per ch’ella possia prender posiziun en scrit. Suenter avair tadlà la cuntrapartida decida la dretgira immediatamain davart la dumonda. La dretgira po obligar d’uffizi la partida petenta da prestar ordavant ina garanzia.Art. 266 Mesiras cunter las mediasCunter las medias che cumparan periodicamain dastga la dretgira ordinar ina mesira preventiva mo:a. sche la violaziun da dretg che smanatscha la partida petenta po chaschunar in dischavantatg spezialmain grev per ella;b. sch’i n’è evidentamain betg avant maun in motiv che giustifitgass la violaziun; ec. sche la mesira na para betg dad esser sproporziunada.Art. 267 ExecuziunLa dretgira che ordinescha la mesira preventiva prenda er las mesiras d’execuziun necessarias.Art. 268 Midada ed aboliziun Sche las circumstanzas èn sa midadas u sche las mesiras preventivas sa mussan posteriuramain dad esser nungiustifitgadas, pon ellas vegnir midadas u abolidas. Cun l’entrada en vigur da la decisiun en la chaussa principala scrodan las mesiras tras lescha. La dretgira po ordinar che las mesiras valian vinavant, sche quai serva a l’execuziun u sche la lescha prevesa quai.Art. 269 ResalvaResalvadas restan las disposiziuns:a. da la LSC concernent mesiras da segirezza tar l’execuziun da pretensiuns en daners;b. dal CCS concernent las disposiziuns da garanzia dal dretg d’ierta;c. da la Lescha da patentas dals 25 da zercladur 1954 concernent il plant sin concessiun da la licenza. SR 281.1 SR 210 SR 232.142. secziun Document da protecziunArt. 270 Tgi che ha motiv da supponer ch’i vegnia pretendì – senza al tadlar ordavant – d’ordinar ina mesira superprovisorica, in arrest tenor ils artitgels 271 fin 281 LSC u in’autra mesira cunter el, po preschentar preventivamain ses puntg da vista en in document da protecziun. Il document da protecziun vegn communitgà a la cuntrapartida mo, sche quella iniziescha la procedura correspundenta. Il document da protecziun na sto betg pli vegnir resguardà 6 mais suenter ch’el è vegnì inoltrà. SR 281.1 Versiun tenor l’art. 3 cifra 1 dal COF dals 11 da dec. 2009 (approvaziun e realisaziun da la Cunvegna da Lugano), en vigur dapi il 1. da schan. 2011 (AS 2010 5601; BBl 2009 1777).6. titel Proceduras spezialas dal dretg matrimonial1. chapitel Fatschentas da la procedura summaricaArt. 271 Champ d’applicaziunLa procedura summarica po vegnir applitgada – cun resalva dals artitgels 272 e 273 – per mesiras per proteger la cuminanza conjugala, en spezial per:a. las mesiras tenor ils artitgels 172 fin 179 CCS;b. l’extensiun da l’autorisaziun da represchentar in conjugal per la cuminanza conjugala (art. 166 al. 2 cifra 1 CCS);c. l’autorisaziun d’in conjugal da disponer da l’abitaziun da la famiglia (art. 169 al. 2 CCS);d. l’obligaziun dals conjugals da dar infurmaziuns davart las entradas, davart la facultad e davart ils debits (art. 170 al. 2 CCS);e. l’ordinaziun da la separaziun dals bains ed il reprender da l’anteriur urden dals bains (art. 185, 187 al. 2, 189 e 191 CCS);f. l’obligaziun d’in conjugal da cooperar a far in inventari (art. 195a CCS);g. la determinaziun da termins da pajament e da garanzias tranter conjugals ordaifer in process davart la liquidaziun dals bains matrimonials (art. 203 al. 2, 218, 235 al. 2 e 250 al. 2 CCS);h. il consentiment d’in conjugal da refusar u d’acceptar ina ierta (art. 230 al. 2 CCS);i. l’avis als debiturs e la garanzia dal mantegniment suenter il divorzi ordaifer in process davart il mantegniment suenter il divorzi (art. 132 CCS). SR 210Art. 272 Princip d’inquisiziunLa dretgira constatescha d’uffizi ils fatgs.Art. 273 Procedura La dretgira realisescha ina tractativa a bucca. A quella po ella renunziar mo, sch’ils fatgs èn clers u incontestads sin basa da las inoltraziuns da las partidas. Las partidas ston cumparair persunalmain, nun che la dretgira las dispenseschia pervia da malsogna, pervia da vegliadetgna u per auters motivs impurtants. La dretgira sa stenta da chattar in consens tranter las partidas.2. chapitel Procedura da divorzi1. secziun Disposiziuns generalasArt. 274 IniziaziunLa procedura da divorzi vegn iniziada cun inoltrar ina dumonda cuminaivla da divorzi u cun in plant da divorzi.Art. 275 Aboliziun da la chasada cuminaivlaSuenter l’entrada da la litispendenza po mintga conjugal abolir la chasada cuminaivla per la durada da la procedura da divorzi.Art. 276 Mesiras preventivas La dretgira prenda las mesiras preventivas necessarias. Las disposiziuns davart las mesiras per la protecziun da la cuminanza conjugala èn applitgablas tenor il senn. Mesiras che la dretgira per la protecziun da la lètg ha ordinà valan vinavant. Per abolir u per midar quellas è cumpetenta la dretgira da divorzi. La dretgira po ordinar mesiras preventivas er, sche la lètg è schliada e sche la procedura davart las consequenzas dal divorzi dura però anc.Art. 277 Constataziun dals fatgs Per la liquidaziun dals bains matrimonials e per il mantegniment suenter il divorzi vala il princip da tractativa. Sche la dretgira constatescha ch’i mancan documents ch’èn necessaris per giuditgar las consequenzas patrimonialas dal divorzi, ordinescha ella a las partidas d’inoltrar quels posteriuramain. Dal rest constatescha la dretgira d’uffizi ils fatgs.Art. 278 Preschientscha persunalaLas partidas ston esser preschentas persunalmain a las tractativas, nun che la dretgira las dispenseschia pervia da malsogna, pervia da vegliadetgna u per auters motivs impurtants.Art. 279 Approvaziun da la cunvegna La dretgira approvescha la cunvegna davart las consequenzas dal divorzi, sch’ella è persvadida ch’ils conjugals hajan fatg ella da libra voluntad e suenter madira reflexiun e ch’ella saja clera, cumpletta e betg evidentamain inadequata; resalvadas restan las disposiziuns davart il provediment professiunal. La cunvegna va pir en vigur, cur che la dretgira l’ha approvada. Ella sto vegnir integrada en il dispositiv da la decisiun.Art. 280 Cunvegna davart il provediment professiunal La dretgira approvescha ina cunvegna davart la gulivaziun da las pretensiuns dal provediment professiunal, sche:a. ils conjugals èn s’accordads davart la gulivaziun sco er davart sia realisaziun;b. ils conjugals preschentan ina conferma da las instituziuns dal provediment professiunal participadas davart la realisabladad da la regulaziun fixada e davart l’autezza dals dabuns u da las rentas; ec. la dretgira è sa persvadida che la cunvegna correspunda a la lescha. La dretgira communitgescha a las instituziuns participadas ils puncts da la sentenzia valaivla che las concernan, inclusiv las indicaziuns necessarias per assegnar l’import fixà. La decisiun è lianta per las instituziuns. Sch’ils conjugals sa cunvegnan da divergiar da la partiziun mez a mez u da desister da la cumpensaziun dal provediment professiunal, controllescha la dretgira d’uffizi, sch’in provediment adequat da vegliadetgna e d’invaliditad resta garantì. Versiun tenor la cifra 2 da l’agiunta da la LF dals 19 da zer. 2015 (cumpensaziun dal provediment professiunal en cas da divorzi), en vigur dapi il 1. da schan. 2017 (AS 2016 2313; BBl 2013 4887). Versiun tenor la cifra 2 da l’agiunta da la LF dals 19 da zer. 2015 (cumpensaziun dal provediment professiunal en cas da divorzi), en vigur dapi il 1. da schan. 2017 (AS 2016 2313; BBl 2013 4887). Versiun tenor la cifra 2 da l’agiunta da la LF dals 19 da zer. 2015 (cumpensaziun dal provediment professiunal en cas da divorzi), en vigur dapi il 1. da schan. 2017 (AS 2016 2313; BBl 2013 4887). Versiun tenor la cifra 2 da l’agiunta da la LF dals 19 da zer. 2015 (cumpensaziun dal provediment professiunal en cas da divorzi), en vigur dapi il 1. da schan. 2017 (AS 2016 2313; BBl 2013 4887).Art. 281 Mancanza d’ina cunvegna davart la cumpensaziun dal provediment professiunal Sch’i na reussescha betg da far ina cunvegna, ma sch’ils dabuns e las rentas èn clers, decida la dretgira tenor las prescripziuns dal CCS e da la Lescha dals 17 da december 1993 davart la libra circulaziun (LFLP) davart la proporziun da la partiziun (art. 122–124e CCS en cumbinaziun cun art. 22–22f LFLP), fixescha l’import che sto vegnir assegnà e sa procura – fixond in termin – tar las instituziuns participadas dal provediment professiunal la conferma che la regulaziun ch’è vegnida prendida en mira è realisabla. L’artitgel 280 alinea 2 vala tenor il senn. En ils ulteriurs cas nua ch’i na reussescha betg da far ina cunvegna, assegna la dretgira, apaina che la decisiun davart la proporziun da la partiziun è entrada en vigur, d’uffizi la chaussa en dispita a la dretgira ch’è cumpetenta per quai tenor la LFLP e la communitgescha en spezial:a. la decisiun davart la proporziun da la partiziun;b. la data da la maridaglia e la data dal divorzi;c. las instituziuns dal provediment professiunal, nua ch’ils conjugals han previsiblamain dabuns, e l’autezza da quests dabuns;d. las instituziuns dal provediment professiunal che pajan rentas als conjugals, l’autezza da questas rentas e las parts da rentas concedidas. Versiun tenor la cifra 2 da l’agiunta da la LF dals 19 da zer. 2015 (cumpensaziun dal provediment professiunal en cas da divorzi), en vigur dapi il 1. da schan. 2017 (AS 2016 2313; BBl 2013 4887). SR 210 SR 831.42 Versiun tenor la cifra 2 da l’agiunta da la LF dals 19 da zer. 2015 (cumpensaziun dal provediment professiunal en cas da divorzi), en vigur dapi il 1. da schan. 2017 (AS 2016 2313; BBl 2013 4887). Versiun tenor la cifra 2 da l’agiunta da la LF dals 19 da zer. 2015 (cumpensaziun dal provediment professiunal en cas da divorzi), en vigur dapi il 1. da schan. 2017 (AS 2016 2313; BBl 2013 4887). Versiun tenor la cifra 2 da l’agiunta da la LF dals 19 da zer. 2015 (cumpensaziun dal provediment professiunal en cas da divorzi), en vigur dapi il 1. da schan. 2017 (AS 2016 2313; BBl 2013 4887). Versiun tenor la cifra 2 da l’agiunta da la LF dals 19 da zer. 2015 (cumpensaziun dal provediment professiunal en cas da divorzi), en vigur dapi il 1. da schan. 2017 (AS 2016 2313; BBl 2013 4887).Art. 282 Contribuziuns da mantegniment La cunvegna u la decisiun che fixescha contribuziuns da mantegniment sto inditgar:a. tge entradas e tge facultad da mintga conjugal ch’èn vegnidas resguardadas per la calculaziun;b. tge import che vegn attribuì al conjugal ed a mintga uffant;c. tge import che manca per cuvrir il mantegniment duì dal conjugal sustegnì, sch’i vegn resalvà d’augmentar posteriuramain la renta;d. sche ed en tge dimensiun che la renta vegn adattada a las midadas dals custs da viver. Sche la contribuziun da mantegniment per il conjugal vegn contestada, po l’instanza da recurs giuditgar da nov er las contribuziuns da mantegniment per ils uffants che n’èn betg vegnidas contestadas.Art. 283 Unitad da la decisiun En la decisiun davart il divorzi decida la dretgira er davart sias consequenzas. Per motivs impurtants po la liquidaziun dals bains matrimonials vegnir attribuida ad ina procedura separada. La gulivaziun da pretensiuns dal provediment professiunal po vegnir attribuida sco unitad ad ina procedura separada, sch’i èn pertutgadas pretensiuns da provediment a l’exteriur e sche la gulivaziun permetta d’effectuar ina decisiun en il stadi respectiv. La dretgira po suspender la procedura separada, fin che la decisiun da l’exteriur è avant maun; ella po gia fixar la proporziun da la partiziun. Integrà tras la cifra 2 da l’agiunta da la LF dals 19 da zer. 2015 (cumpensaziun dal provediment professiunal en cas da divorzi), en vigur dapi il 1. da schan. 2017 (AS 2016 2313; BBl 2013 4887).Art. 284 Midada da consequenzas dal divorzi decididas cun vigur legala Las premissas e la cumpetenza materiala per midar la decisiun sa drizzan tenor ils artitgels 124e alinea 2, 129 e 134 CCS. Midadas betg dispitaivlas pon las partidas fixar en ina simpla furma scritta; resalvadas restan las disposiziuns dal CCS concernent las dumondas d’uffants (art. 134 al. 3 CCS). Per proceduras davart midadas dispitaivlas valan las disposiziuns davart il plant da divorzi confurm al senn. SR 210 Versiun tenor la cifra 2 da l’agiunta da la LF dals 19 da zer. 2015 (cumpensaziun dal provediment professiunal en cas da divorzi), en vigur dapi il 1. da schan. 2017 (AS 2016 2313; BBl 2013 4887).2. secziun Divorzi sin dumonda cuminaivlaArt. 285 Inoltraziun en cas d’ina cunvegna cumplettaL’inoltraziun cuminaivla dals conjugals cuntegna:a. ils nums e las adressas dals conjugals sco er la designaziun d’eventualas represchentanzas;b. la dumonda cuminaivla da divorzi;c. la cunvegna cumpletta davart las consequenzas dal divorzi;d. las propostas cuminaivlas areguard ils uffants;e. ils mussaments necessaris;f. la data e las suttascripziuns.Art. 286 Inoltraziun en cas d’ina cunvegna parziala En l’inoltraziun han ils conjugals da far la proposta che la dretgira giuditgeschia las consequenzas dal divorzi davart las qualas els n’èn betg perina. Mintga conjugal po far propostas motivadas davart las consequenzas dal divorzi dispitaivlas. Dal rest vala l’artitgel 285 tenor il senn.Art. 287 Audiziun da las partidasSche l’inoltraziun è cumpletta, citescha la dretgira las partidas ad in’audiziun. Quella sa drizza tenor las disposiziuns dal CCS. Versiun tenor la cifra II da la LF dals 25 da sett. 2009 (temp da reflexiun en la procedura da divorzi sin dumonda cuminaivla), en vigur dapi il 1. da schan. 2011 (AS 2010 281 1861; BBl 2008 1959 1975). SR 210Art. 288 Cuntinuaziun da la procedura e decisiun Sche las premissas per in divorzi sin dumonda cuminaivla èn ademplidas, pronunzia la dretgira il divorzi ed approvescha la cunvegna. Sche consequenzas dal divorzi èn restadas dispitaivlas, vegn la procedura cuntinuada en moda cuntradictorica concernent questas consequenzas. La dretgira po reparter las rollas da las partidas. Sche las premissas per in divorzi sin dumonda cuminaivla n’èn betg ademplidas, refusescha la dretgira la dumonda cuminaivla da divorzi e fixescha il medem mument in termin per mintga conjugal per inoltrar in plant da divorzi. Durant quest termin resta la procedura pendenta ed eventualas mesiras preventivas valan vinavant. Versiun tenor la cifra II da la LF dals 25 da sett. 2009 (temp da reflexiun en la procedura da divorzi sin dumonda cuminaivla), en vigur dapi il 1. da schan. 2011 (AS 2010 281 1861; BBl 2008 1959 1975). Versiun tenor la cifra II da la LF dals 25 da sett. 2009 (temp da reflexiun en la procedura da divorzi sin dumonda cuminaivla), en vigur dapi il 1. da schan. 2011 (AS 2010 281 1861; BBl 2008 1959 1975).Art. 289 Meds legalsIl divorzi da la lètg po vegnir contestà cun appellaziun mo pervia da mancanzas da voluntad.3. secziun Plant da divorziArt. 290 Inoltraziun dal plantIl plant da divorzi po vegnir inoltrà senza ina motivaziun en scrit. El cuntegna:a. ils nums e las adressas dals conjugals sco er la designaziun d’eventualas represchentanzas;b. la pretensiun giuridica che la lètg stoppia vegnir divorziada sco er la designaziun dal motiv dal divorzi (art. 114 u 115 CCS);c. las pretensiuns giuridicas areguard las consequenzas patrimonialas dal divorzi;d. las pretensiuns giuridicas areguard ils uffants;e. ils mussaments necessaris;f. la data e las suttascripziuns. SR 210Art. 291 Tractativa da cunvegna La dretgira citescha ils conjugals ad ina tractativa e sclerescha, sch’il motiv dal divorzi è avant maun. Sch’il motiv dal divorzi è segir, emprova la dretgira da cuntanscher tranter ils conjugals ina cunvegna davart las consequenzas dal divorzi. Sch’il motiv dal divorzi n’è betg segir u sch’i na reussescha betg da cuntanscher ina cunvegna, fixescha la dretgira in termin per la partida accusanta per inoltrar posteriuramain ina motivaziun en scrit dal plant. Sch’il termin na vegn betg observà, vegn il plant stritgà pervia da mancanza d’object.Art. 292 Midada al divorzi sin dumonda cuminaivla La procedura vegn cuntinuada tenor las prescripziuns davart il divorzi sin dumonda cuminaivla, sch’ils conjugals:a. n’han betg vivì en moda separada dapi almain 2 onns, cur che la litispendenza entra; eb. van d’accord cun il divorzi. Sch’il motiv che vegn fatg valair per il divorzi è segir, na datti nagina midada al divorzi sin dumonda cuminaivla.Art. 293 Midada dal plantIl plant da divorzi po vegnir midà en in plant da separaziun fin al mument che la tractativa da la sentenzia cumenza.4. secziun Plant sin nunvalaivladad da la lètg e plant da separaziunArt. 294 La procedura en cas da plants sin nunvalaivladad da la lètg e da plants da separaziun sa drizza tenor il senn segund las prescripziuns davart il plant da divorzi. In plant da separaziun po vegnir midà en in plant da divorzi fin al mument che la tractativa da la sentenzia cumenza.7. titel Interess dals uffants en fatschentas dal dretg da famiglia1. chapitel Disposiziuns generalasArt. 295 PrincipPer plants independents vala la procedura simplifitgada.Art. 296 Princip d’inquisiziun e maxima uffiziala La dretgira eruescha d’uffizi ils fatgs. Per sclerir la derivanza han las partidas e terzas persunas da cooperar tar examinaziuns ch’èn necessarias e senza privel per la sanadad. Las disposiziuns davart ils dretgs da refusa da las partidas e da terzas persunas n’èn betg applitgablas. La dretgira decida independentamain davart las dumondas da las partidas.Art. 297 Audiziun dals geniturs e mediaziun extragiudiziala Avant che prender mesiras concernent in uffant, taidla la dretgira persunalmain ils geniturs. La dretgira po intimar ils geniturs d’empruvar da far ina mediaziun extragiudiziala.Art. 298 Audiziun da l’uffant L’uffant vegn tadlà persunalmain en moda adattada da la dretgira u d’ina terza persuna incumbensada, nun che sia vegliadetgna u auters motivs impurtants pledian cunter quai. En il protocol da l’audiziun vegnan menziunads mo ils resultats ch’èn essenzials per la decisiun. Ils geniturs ed il procuratur vegnan infurmads davart quests resultats. L’uffant ch’è abel da giuditgar po contestar cun recurs la refusa da l’audiziun.Art. 299 Ordinaziun d’ina represchentanza da l’uffant La dretgira ordinescha sche necessari la represchentanza da l’uffant e designescha sco procuratur ina persuna che ha experientscha en dumondas dal provediment e dal dretg. Ella examinescha, sch’ella duai ordinar la represchentanza, en spezial sche:a. ils geniturs fan differentas propostas areguard:1. l’attribuziun da la tgira genituriala,2. l’attribuziun da la surveglianza,3. dumondas impurtantas da la relaziun persunala cun l’uffant,4. la repartiziun da l’assistenza,5. la contribuziun da mantegniment;b. l’autoritad da protecziun d’uffants u in genitur dumonda ina represchentanza;c. ella fa valair sa basond sin l’audiziun dals geniturs u da l’uffant ubain per auters motivs:1. dubis considerabels, sche las dumondas cuminaivlas dals geniturs areguard las dumondas tenor la litera a èn adequatas, u2. ponderaziuns da decretar mesiras per la protecziun da l’uffant. Sche l’uffant ch’è abel da giuditgar fa la dumonda d’ina represchentanza, sto quella vegnir ordinada. L’uffant po contestar cun recurs, sche la represchentanza na vegn betg ordinada. Versiun tenor la cifra 2 da l’agiunta da la LF dals 20 da mars 2015 (mantegniment dals uffants), en vigur dapi il 1. da schan. 2017 (AS 2015 4299; BBl 2014 529). Versiun tenor l’agiunta 2 cifra 3 da la LF dals 19 da dec. 2008, en vigur dapi il 1. da schan. 2013 (AS 2010 1739; BBl 2006 7221; AS 2011 725; BBl 2006 7001).. Versiun tenor la cifra 2 da l’agiunta da la LF dals 20 da mars 2015 (mantegniment dals uffants), en vigur dapi il 1. da schan. 2017 (AS 2015 4299; BBl 2014 529). Versiun tenor la cifra 2 da l’agiunta da la LF dals 20 da mars 2015 (mantegniment dals uffants), en vigur dapi il 1. da schan. 2017 (AS 2015 4299; BBl 2014 529).Art. 300 Cumpetenzas da la represchentanzaLa represchentanza da l’uffant po far dumondas e far diever da meds legals, uschenavant ch’i sa tracta da las suandantas fatschentas:a. l’attribuziun da la tgira genituriala;b. l’attribuziun da la surveglianza;c. dumondas impurtantas da la relaziun persunala cun l’uffant;d. la repartiziun da l’assistenza;e. la contribuziun da mantegniment;f. las mesiras da protecziun da l’uffant. Versiun tenor la cifra 2 da l’agiunta da la LF dals 20 da mars 2015 (mantegniment dals uffants), en vigur dapi il 1. da schan. 2017 (AS 2015 4299; BBl 2014 529).Art. 301 Communicaziun da la decisiunIna decisiun vegn communitgada:a. als geniturs;b. a l’uffant che ha cumplenì il 14. onn da vegliadetgna;c. eventualmain al procuratur, uschenavant ch’i sa tracta d’ina da las suandantas dumondas:1. l’attribuziun da la tgira genituriala.2. l’attribuziun da la surveglianza,3. dumondas impurtantas da la relaziun persunala cun l’uffant,4. la repartiziun da l’assistenza,5. la contribuziun da mantegniment,6. las mesiras da protecziun da l’uffant. Versiun tenor la cifra 2 da l’agiunta da la LF dals 20 da mars 2015 (mantegniment dals uffants), en vigur dapi il 1. da schan. 2017 (AS 2015 4299; BBl 2014 529).Art. 301a Contribuziuns da mantegnimentSch’i vegnan fixadas contribuziuns da mantegniment en il contract da mantegniment u en la decisiun, stoi vegnir inditgà:a. tge entradas e tge facultad da mintga genitur che vegnan resguardadas per la calculaziun;b. tge import ch’è destinà a mintga uffant;c. tge import che manca per cuvrir il mantegniment duì da mintga uffant;d. sche ed en tge dimensiun che las contribuziuns da mantegniment vegnan adattadas a las midadas dals custs da viver. Integrà tras la cifra 2 da l’agiunta da la LF dals 20 da mars 2015 (mantegniment dals uffants), en vigur dapi il 1. da schan. 2017 (AS 2015 4299; BBl 2014 529).2. chapitel Procedura summarica: champ d’applicaziun Versiun tenor la cifra 2 da l’agiunta da la LF dals 20 da mars 2015 (mantegniment dals uffants), en vigur dapi il 1. da schan. 2017 (AS 2015 4299; BBl 2014 529).Art. 302 ... La procedura summarica è en spezial applitgabla per:a. decisiuns tenor la Convenziun da Den Haag dals 25 d’october 1980 davart ils aspects civils dal rapiment internaziunal d’uffants e tenor la Convenziun europeica dals 20 da matg 1980 davart la renconuschientscha e l’execuziun da decisiuns areguard il dretg da tgira dals uffants e davart il restabiliment dal dretg da tgira;b. il pajament d’ina contribuziun speziala en cas da basegns spezials imprevis da l’uffant (art. 286 al. 3 CCS);c. l’avis als debiturs e la garanzia dal mantegniment dals uffants suenter il divorzi ordaifer in process davart l’obligaziun da mantegniment suenter il divorzi dals geniturs (art. 291 e 292 CCS). Resalvadas èn las disposiziuns da la Lescha federala dals 21 da december 2007 davart il rapiment internaziunal d’uffants e davart las Convenziuns da Den Haag concernent la protecziun d’uffants e da persunas creschidas. Abolì tras la cifra 2 da l’agiunta da la LF dals 20 da mars 2015 (mantegniment dals uffants), cun effect dapi il 1. da schan. 2017 (AS 2015 4299; BBl 2014 529). SR 0.211.230.02 SR 0.211.230.01 SR 210 SR 211.222.323. chapitel Plant sin mantegniment e plant da paternitad Versiun tenor la cifra 2 da l’agiunta da la LF dals 20 da mars 2015 (mantegniment dals uffants), en vigur dapi il 1. da schan. 2017 (AS 2015 4299; BBl 2014 529).Art. 303 Mesiras preventivas Sche la relaziun da figlialanza è clera, po l’accusà vegnir obligà da depositar u da pajar provisoricamain contribuziuns adequatas al mantegniment da l’uffant. Sch’il plant sin mantegniment è vegnì inoltrà ensemen cun il plant da paternitad, sto l’accusà sin dumonda da la partida accusanta:a. depositar ils custs da la pagliola e contribuziuns adequatas al mantegniment da la mamma e da l’uffant, sche la paternitad è vegnida fatga valair vardaivlamain;b. pajar contribuziuns adequatas al mantegniment da l’uffant, sche la paternitad po vegnir presumada e sche questa presumziun resta valaivla er suenter ch’ils meds da cumprova èn vegnids preschentads immediatamain.Art. 304 Cumpetenza La dretgira ch’è cumpetenta per giuditgar il plant decida davart il deposit, davart il pajament provisoric, davart il sbursament da contribuziuns depositadas e davart la restituziun da pajaments provisorics. En cas d’in plant sin mantegniment decida la dretgira er davart la tgira genituriala e davart las ulteriuras dumondas concernent ils uffants. Integrà tras la cifra 2 da l’agiunta da la LF dals 20 da mars 2015 (mantegniment dals uffants), en vigur dapi il 1. da schan. 2017 (AS 2015 4299; BBl 2014 529).8. titel Proceduras en cas d’in partenadi registrà1. chapitel Fatschentas da la procedura summaricaArt. 305 Champ d’applicaziunLa procedura summarica è en spezial applitgabla per:a. la fixaziun da contribuziuns en daners per il mantegniment ed ordinaziun a la debitura u al debitur (art. 13 al. 2 e 3 da la Lescha da partenadi dals 18 da zercladur 2004, LPart);b. l’autorisaziun d’ina partenaria u d’in partenari da disponer da l’abitaziun cuminaivla (art. 14 al. 2 LPart);c. l’extensiun e la retratga da l’autorisaziun da represchentanza d’ina partenaria u d’in partenari per la cuminanza (art. 15 al. 2 lit. a e 4 LPart);d. l’obligaziun da la partenaria u dal partenari da dar infurmaziuns davart las entradas, davart la facultad e davart ils debits (art. 16 al. 2 LPart);e. la fixaziun, l’adattaziun u l’aboliziun da las contribuziuns en daners e la regulaziun da l’utilisaziun da l’abitaziun e da la rauba da chasa (art. 17 al. 2 e 4 LPart);f. l’obligaziun d’ina partenaria u d’in partenari da cooperar tar l’inventarisaziun (art. 20 al. 1 LPart);g. la restricziun da l’autorisaziun d’ina partenaria u d’in partenari da disponer da tschertas valurs da facultad (art. 22 al. 1 LPart);h. la concessiun da termins per pajar ils debits tranter las partenarias ed ils partenaris (art. 23 al. 1 LPart). Versiun tenor la cifra II da la LF dals 25 da sett. 2015 (represchentanza professiunala en la procedura d’execuziun sfurzada), en vigur dapi il 1. da schan. 2018 (AS 2016 3643; BBl 2014 8669). SR 211.231Art. 306 ProceduraPer la procedura valan ils artitgels 272 e 273 tenor il senn.2. chapitel Schliaziun e nunvalaivladad dal partenadi registràArt. 307Per la procedura per schliar e per declerar sco nunvalaivel il partenadi registrà valan las disposiziuns davart la procedura da divorzi tenor il senn.3. chapitel Dumondas d’uffants en proceduras concernent il partenadi registrà Integrà tras la cifra 2 da l’agiunta da la LF dals 17 da zer. 2016 (adopziun), en vigur dapi il 1. da schan. 2018 (AS 2017 3699; BBl 2015 877).Art. 307aSch’ina persuna ha adoptà l’uffant minoren da ses partenari registrà, valan ils artitgels 295–302 tenor il senn.9. titel Meds legals1. chapitel Appellaziun1. secziun Decisiuns contestablas e motivs d’appellaziunArt. 308 Decisiuns contestablas Cun appellaziun pon vegnir contestads:a. decisiuns finalas e decisiuns intermediaras d’emprima instanza;b. decisiuns d’emprima instanza davart mesiras preventivas. En fatschentas dal dretg patrimonial è l’appellaziun mo admissibla, sche la valur en dispita da las pretensiuns giuridicas mantegnidas sco ultimas importa almain 10 000 francs.Art. 309 ExcepziunsL’appellaziun è inadmissibla:a. cunter decisiuns da la dretgira d’execuziun;b. en las suandantas fatschentas da la LSC:1. aboliziun dal moratori (art. 57d LSC),2. permissiun d’ina opposiziun posteriura (art. 77 LSC),3. avertura da dretg (art. 80 fin 84 LSC),4. aboliziun u sistida da la scussiun (art. 85 LSC),5. permissiun da l’opposiziun en la scussiun da cambialas (art. 185 LSC),6. arrest (art. 272 e 278 LSC),7. decisiuns che tutgan tenor LSC en la cumpetenza da la dretgira da concurs u da la dretgira da moratori. SR 281.1 Versiun tenor l’art. 3 cifra 1 dal COF dals 11 da dec. 2009 (approvaziun e realisaziun da la Cunvegna da Lugano), en vigur dapi il 1. da schan. 2011 (AS 2010 5601; BBl 2009 1777). Integrà tras l’art. 3 cifra 1 dal COF dals 11 da dec. 2009 (approvaziun e realisaziun da la Cunvegna da Lugano), en vigur dapi il 1. da schan. 2011 (AS 2010 5601; BBl 2009 1777).Art. 310 Motivs d’appellaziunCun appellaziun pon ins far valair:a. in’applicaziun fallada dal dretg;b. constataziun fallada dals fatgs.2. secziun Appellaziun, resposta a l’appellaziun ed appellaziun adesivaArt. 311 Inoltraziun da l’appellaziun L’appellaziun sto vegnir inoltrada en scrit e cun ina motivaziun a l’instanza da recurs entaifer 30 dis suenter la consegna da la decisiun motivada respectivamain suenter la consegna posteriura da la motivaziun da la decisiun (art. 239). La decisiun contestada sto vegnir agiuntada.Art. 312 Resposta a l’appellaziun L’instanza da recurs trametta l’appellaziun a la cuntrapartida per ch’ella possia prender posiziun en scrit, nun che l’appellaziun saja evidentamain inadmissibla u evidentamain nunmotivada. Il termin per dar resposta a l’appellaziun importa 30 dis.Art. 313 Appellaziun adesiva En sia resposta a l’appellaziun po la cuntrapartida far in’appellaziun adesiva. L’appellaziun adesiva scroda, sche:a. l’instanza da recurs n’entra betg en l’appellaziun;b. l’appellaziun vegn refusada sco evidentamain nunmotivada;c. l’appellaziun vegn retratga avant ch’il tractament da la sentenzia ha cumenzà.Art. 314 Procedura summarica Cunter ina decisiun ch’è vegnida decretada en la procedura summarica importa il termin per inoltrar l’appellaziun e per la resposta a l’appellaziun mintgamai 10 dis. L’appellaziun adesiva n’è betg admissibla.3. secziun Effects e proceduras da l’appellaziunArt. 315 Effect suspensiv L’appellaziun blochescha la vigur legala e l’executabilitad da la decisiun contestada en la dimensiun da las dumondas. L’instanza da recurs po permetter l’execuziun anticipada. En cas da basegn ordinescha ella che mesiras da segirezza vegnian prendidas u ch’ina garanzia vegnia prestada. Sche l’appellaziun sa drizza cunter ina decisiun da concepziun, na po l’effect suspensiv betg vegnir retratg. Nagin effect suspensiv n’ha l’appellaziun cunter decisiuns davart:a. il dretg da far ina replica;b. mesiras preventivas. L’execuziun da mesiras preventivas po vegnir suspendida excepziunalmain, sche la partida pertutgada vegn smanatschada d’in dischavantatg quasi irreparabel.Art. 316 Proceduras davant l’instanza da recurs L’instanza da recurs po realisar ina tractativa u decider sin basa da las actas. Ella po ordinar ina segunda correspundenza. Ella po examinar cumprovas.Art. 317 Novs fatgs, novs meds da cumprova e midada dal plant Novs fatgs e novs meds da cumprova vegnan resguardads mo pli, sch’els:a. vegnan preschentads senza retard; eb. n’han betg gia pudì vegnir preschentads davant l’emprima instanza malgrà la premura pretendibla. Igl è mo pli admess da midar il plant, sche:a. las premissas tenor l’artitgel 227 alinea 1 èn dadas; eb. la midada dal plant sa basa sin novs fatgs u sin novas cumprovas. Versiun tenor la cifra II da la LF dals 25 da sett. 2015 (represchentanza professiunala en la procedura d’execuziun sfurzada), en vigur dapi il 1. da schan. 2018 (AS 2016 3643; BBl 2014 8669).Art. 318 Decisiun L’instanza da recurs po:a. confermar la decisiun contestada;b. decider da nov; uc. refusar la chaussa per mauns da l’emprima instanza, sche:1. ina part essenziala dal plant n’è betg vegnida giuditgada, u2. ils fatgs ston vegnir cumplettads en parts essenzialas. L’instanza da recurs communitgescha sia decisiun cun ina motivaziun en scrit. Sche l’instanza da recurs prenda ina nova decisiun, decida ella er davart ils custs da la procedura d’emprima instanza.2. chapitel RecursArt. 319 Object contestàCun recurs pon vegnir contestads:a. decisiuns finalas d’emprima instanza, decisiuns intermediaras e decisiuns davart mesiras preventivas cunter las qualas i na po betg vegnir fatga in’appellaziun;b. autras decisiuns d’emprima instanza e disposiziuns processualas:1. en ils cas ch’èn fixads da la lescha,2. sch’i smanatscha pervia dad ellas in dischavantatg quasi irreparabel;c. en ils cas d’ina retardada da dretg.Art. 320 Motivs da recursCun il recurs pon vegnir fatgas valair:a. in’applicaziun fallada dal dretg;b. ina constataziun evidentamain fallada dals fatgs.Art. 321 Inoltraziun dal recurs Il recurs sto vegnir inoltrà en scrit e cun ina motivaziun a l’instanza da recurs entaifer 30 dis suenter la consegna da la decisiun motivada ubain suenter la consegna posteriura da la motivaziun da la decisiun (art. 239). Sch’i vegn recurrì cunter ina decisiun ch’è vegnida decretada en la procedura summarica u cunter ina disposiziun processuala, importa il termin da recurs 10 dis, nun che questa lescha disponia insatge auter. La decisiun contestada u la disposiziun processuala contestada sto vegnir agiuntada, uschenavant che la partida la ha en mauns. Cunter la retardada dal dretg pon ins far recurs da tut temp.Art. 322 Resposta al recurs L’instanza da recurs trametta il recurs a la cuntrapartida per ch’ella possia prender posiziun en scrit, nun ch’il recurs saja evidentamain inadmissibel u evidentamain nunmotivà. Per la resposta al recurs vala il medem termin sco per il recurs.Art. 323 Recurs successivIn recurs successiv è exclus.Art. 324 Posiziun da l’instanza precedentaL’instanza da recurs po supplitgar l’instanza precedenta da prender posiziun.Art. 325 Effect suspensiv Il recurs na blochescha betg la vigur legala e l’executabilitad da la decisiun contestada. L’instanza da recurs po suspender l’execuziun. En cas da basegn ordinescha ella che mesiras da segirezza vegnian prendidas u ch’ina garanzia vegnia prestada.Art. 326 Novas dumondas, novs fatgs e novs meds da cumprova Novas dumondas, novas pretensiuns davart ils fatgs e novs meds da cumprova èn exclus. Disposiziuns spezialas da la lescha restan resalvadas.Art. 327 Procedura e decisiun L’instanza da recurs dumonda las actas da l’instanza precedenta. Ella po decider sin basa da las actas. Uschenavant ch’ella approvescha il recurs:a. abolescha ella la decisiun u la disposiziun processuala e returna la chaussa a l’instanza precedenta; ub. decida ella da nov, sche la chaussa è madira per la sentenzia. Sch’il recurs pervia da retardada dal dretg vegn approvà, po l’instanza da recurs fixar a l’instanza precedenta in termin per tractar la chaussa. L’instanza da recurs communitgescha sia decisiun cun ina motivaziun en scrit.Art. 327a Decleranza d’executabilitad tenor la Cunvegna da Lugano  Sch’il recurs sa drizza cunter ina decisiun da la dretgira d’execuziun tenor ils artitgels 38 fin 52 da la Cunvegna dals 30 d’october 2007 davart la cumpetenza giudiziala e la renconuschientscha e l’execuziun da decisiuns en chaussas civilas e commerzialas (Cunvegna da Lugano), examinescha l’instanza da recurs ils motivs da refusa ch’èn previs en la Cunvegna da Lugano cun tutta cogniziun. Il recurs ha in effect suspensiv. Mesiras da segirezza, en spezial l’arrest tenor l’artitgel 271 alinea 1 cifra 6 LSC èn resalvadas. Il termin dal recurs cunter la decleranza d’executabilitad sa drizza tenor l’artitgel 43 alinea 5 da la Cunvegna da Lugano. Integrà tras l’art. 3 cifra 1 dal COF dals 11 da dec. 2009 (approvaziun e realisaziun da la Cunvegna da Lugano), en vigur dapi il 1. da schan. 2011 (AS 2010 5601; BBl 2009 1777).SR 0.275.12 SR 281.13. chapitel RevisiunArt. 328 Motivs da revisiun Ina partida po pretender ina revisiun da la decisiun legalmain valaivla davant la dretgira che ha decidì sco ultima instanza en chaussa, sche:a. ella scuvra posteriuramain fatgs relevants u chatta meds da cumprova decisivs ch’ella n’ha betg pudì preschentar en la procedura precedenta; exclus èn fatgs e meds da cumprova ch’èn resultads pir suenter la decisiun;b. ina procedura penala ha mussà che la decisiun era vegnida influenzada tras in crim u tras in delict a disfavur da la partida respectiva; ina condemnaziun tras la dretgira penala n’è betg necessaria; sche la procedura penala na po betg vegnir realisada, po la cumprova vegnir procurada en autra moda;c. i vegn fatg valair che la renconuschientscha dal plant, la retratga dal plant u l’accord giudizial n’hajan betg effect. La revisiun pervia d’ina violaziun da la Convenziun europeica dals dretgs umans dals 4 da november 1950 (CEDU) po vegnir pretendida, sche:a. il Tribunal europeic dals dretgs umans ha constatà en ina sentenzia definitiva (art. 44 CEDU) che la CEDU u ils protocols latiers sajan vegnids violads, u ha terminà il cas tras ina cunvegna amicabla (art. 39 CEDU);b. ina indemnisaziun n’è betg adattada per egualisar las consequenzas da la violaziun; ec. la revisiun è necessaria per eliminar la violaziun. SR 0.101 Versiun tenor la cifra 2 da l’agiunta da la LF dal 1. d’oct. 2021, en vigur dapi il 1. da fan. 2022 (AS 2022 289; BBl 2021 300, 889).Art. 329 Dumonda da revisiun e termins da revisiun La dumonda da revisiun sto vegnir inoltrada en scrit e cun motivaziun entaifer 90 dapi ch’il motiv da revisiun è vegnì scuvrì. Suenter la scadenza da 10 onns dapi che la decisiun è entrada en vigur na po la revisiun betg pli vegnir pretendida, danor en il cas da l’artitgel 328 alinea 1 litera b.Art. 330 Posiziun da la cuntrapartidaLa dretgira trametta la dumonda da revisiun a la cuntrapartida per prender posiziun, nun che la dumonda saja evidentamain inadmissibla u evidentamain nunmotivada.Art. 331 Effect suspensiv La dumonda da revisiun na blochescha betg la vigur legala e l’executabilitad da la decisiun. La dretgira po suspender l’execuziun. En cas da basegn ordinescha ella che mesiras da segirezza vegnian prendidas u ch’ina garanzia vegnia prestada.Art. 332 Decisiun davart la dumonda da revisiunCunter la decisiun davart la dumonda da revisiun pon ins far recurs.Art. 333 Nova decisiun en chaussa Sche la dretgira approvescha la dumonda da revisiun, abolescha ella sia decisiun precedenta e decida da nov. En la nova decisiun decida ella er davart ils custs da la procedura precedenta. Ella communitgescha sia decisiun cun ina motivaziun en scrit.4. chapitel Explicaziun e rectificaziunArt. 334 Sch’il dispositiv n’è betg cler, sch’el è incoerent u incumplet u sch’el stat en cuntradicziun cun la motivaziun, explitgescha u rectifitgescha la dretgira sia decisiun sin dumonda d’ina partida u d’uffizi. En la dumonda ston vegnir inditgadas las parts crititgadas e las midadas giavischadas. Ils artitgels 330 e 331 valan tenor il senn. En cas da la rectificaziun da sbagls redacziunals e da sbagls calculatorics po la dretgira renunziar da dumandar las partidas da prender posiziun. Cunter ina decisiun davart la dumonda d’explicaziun e da rectificaziun pon ins far recurs. La decisiun explitgada u rectifitgada vegn communitgada a las partidas.10. titel Execuziun1. chapitel Execuziun da decisiunsArt. 335 Champ d’applicaziun Las decisiuns vegnan exequidas tenor las disposiziuns da quest chapitel. Sche la decisiun ordinescha in pajament en daners u la prestaziun d’ina garanzia, vegn ella exequida tenor las disposiziuns da la LSC. La renconuschientscha, la decleranza d’executabilitad e l’execuziun da decisiuns estras sa drizzan tenor quest chapitel, nun ch’in contract internaziunal u la LDIP fixeschia insatge auter. SR 281.1 SR 291Art. 336 Executabilitad Ina decisiun è exequibla, sch’ella:a. è legalmain valaivla e la dretgira n’ha betg suspendì l’execuziun (art. 325 al. 2 e 331 al. 2); ub. n’è anc betg legalmain valaivla, l’execuziun anticipada è dentant vegnida permessa. Sin giavisch attesta la dretgira che ha prendì la decisiun, la quala sto vegnir exequida, che tala saja exequibla.Art. 337 Execuziun directa Sche la dretgira sentenzianta ha gia ordinà mesiras d’execuziun concretas (art. 236 al. 3), po la decisiun vegnir exequida directamain. La partida che ha pers po dumandar la dretgira d’execuziun da sistir l’execuziun, l’artitgel 341 vala tenor il senn.Art. 338 Dumonda d’execuziun Sche la decisiun na po betg vegnir exequida directamain, sto vegnir inoltrada ina dumonda d’execuziun a la dretgira d’execuziun. La partida petenta sto preschentar las premissas da l’executabilitad ed agiuntar ils documents necessaris.Art. 339 Cumpetenza e procedura Stringentamain cumpetenta per ordinar mesiras d’execuziun e per sistir l’execuziun è la dretgira:a. al domicil u a la sedia da la partida che ha pers;b. al lieu, nua che las mesiras ston vegnir prendidas; uc. al lieu, nua che la decisiun, che sto vegnir exequida, è vegnida prendida. La dretgira decida en la procedura summarica.Art. 340 Mesiras da segirezzaLa dretgira d’execuziun po ordinar mesiras da segirezza, en cas da basegn senza tadlar ordavant la cuntrapartida. Versiun tenor l’art. 3 cifra 1 dal COF dals 11 da dec. 2009 (approvaziun e realisaziun da la Cunvegna da Lugano), en vigur dapi il 1. da schan. 2011 (AS 2010 5601; BBl 2009 1777).Art. 341 Examinaziun da l’executabilitad e posiziun da la partida che ha pers La dretgira d’execuziun examinescha d’uffizi l’executabilitad. Ella fixescha in curt termin per la partida che ha pers per prender posiziun. Materialmain po la partida che ha pers remartgar ch’i sajan entrads fatgs dapi la communicaziun da la decisiun, che s’opponan a l’execuziun, sco en spezial l’amortisaziun, la prorogaziun, la surannaziun u la scadenza da la prestaziun debitada. L’amortisaziun e la prorogaziun ston vegnir cumprovadas tras documents.Art. 342 Execuziun d’ina prestaziun cundiziunada u d’ina prestaziun che dependa d’ina cuntraprestaziunLa decisiun davart ina prestaziun cundiziunada u davart ina prestaziun che dependa d’ina cuntraprestaziun po vegnir exequida pir, cur che la dretgira d’execuziun ha constatà che la premissa è entrada u che la cuntraprestaziun è vegnida purschida, prestada u garantida en moda suffizienta.Art. 343 Obligaziun da far, da tralaschar u da tolerar insatge Sche la decisiun pretenda in’obligaziun da far, da tralaschar u da tolerar insatge, po la dretgira d’execuziun ordinar:a. ina smanatscha da chasti tenor l’artitgel 292 CP;b. ina multa disciplinara fin a 5000 francs;c. ina multa disciplinara fin a 1000 francs per mintga di che l’obligaziun n’è betg vegnida ademplida;d. ina mesira repressiva sco la confiscaziun d’ina chaussa movibla u sco la rumida d’in bain immobigliar; ue. in’execuziun d’uffizi. Sche la decisiun cuntegna in scumond tenor l’artitgel 28b CCS, po la dretgira d’execuziun ordinar – sin dumonda dal petent – ina surveglianza electronica tenor l’artitgel 28c CCS. La partida che ha pers e terzas persunas ston dar las infurmaziuns necessarias e tolerar las perquisiziuns necessarias. La persuna che sto far l’execuziun po pretender l’agid da las autoritads cumpetentas. SR 311.0 SR 210 Integrà tras la cifra I 2 da la LF dals 14 da dec. 2018 davart la meglieraziun da la protecziun da victimas da violenza, en vigur dapi il 1. da schan. 2022 (AS 2019 2273; BBl 2017 7307).Art. 344 Deposiziun d’ina decleranza da voluntad Sche la decisiun pretenda ch’ina decleranza da voluntad vegnia fatga, vegn la decleranza remplazzada tras la decisiun executabla. Sche la decleranza pertutga in register public sco il register funsil ed il register da commerzi, dat la dretgira sentenzianta las instrucziuns necessarias a la persuna che maina il register.Art. 345 Indemnisaziun dal donn e transfurmaziun en daners La partida che ha gudagnà po pretender:a. ina indemnisaziun dal donn, sche la partida che ha pers n’ademplescha betg las ordinaziuns giudizialas;b. la transfurmaziun da la prestaziun debitada en ina prestaziun en daners. La dretgira d’execuziun fixescha l’import correspundent.Art. 346 Meds legals da terzas persunasTerzas persunas, da las qualas ils dretgs èn pertutgads d’ina decisiun d’execuziun, pon recurrer cunter questa decisiun.2. chapitel Execuziun da documents publicsArt. 347 ExecutabilitadDocuments publics davart prestaziuns da tut gener pon vegnir exequids sco decisiuns, sche:a. la partida obligada ha declerà expressivamain en il document ch’ella renconuschia l’execuziun directa;b. il motiv giuridic da la prestaziun debitada è numnà en il document; ec. la prestaziun debitada:1. è definida suffizientamain en il document,2. è renconuschida en il document da la partida obligada, e3. sto vegnir prestada.Art. 348 ExcepziunsBetg directamain exequibels èn documents davart prestaziuns:a. tenor la Lescha d’egualitad dals 24 da mars 1995;b. che resultan tras la locaziun e tras la fittanza da locals d’abitar e da fatschenta sco er tras la fittanza agricula;c. tenor la Lescha da participaziun dals 17 da december 1993;d. che resultan tras la relaziun da lavur e tenor la Lescha davart l’intermediaziun da lavur dals 6 d’october 1989;e. che resultan tras contracts cun consuments (art. 32). SR 151.1 SR 822.14 SR 823.11Art. 349 Document davart ina prestaziun en danersIl document exequibel davart ina prestaziun en daners vala sco titel definitiv per iniziar la procedura da dretg tenor ils artitgels 80 ed 81 LSC. SR 281.1Art. 350 Document davart in’autra prestaziun Sch’in document davart in’autra prestaziun sto vegnir exequì, consegna il funcziunari da documentaziun – sin dumonda da la partida autorisada – ina copia legalisada dal document a la partida obligada e fixescha in termin da 20 dis per ch’ella possia ademplir la prestaziun. La partida autorisada survegn ina copia da la consegna. Sch’il termin d’adempliment è scadì senza ch’el saja vegnì duvrà, po la partida autorisada far ina dumonda d’execuziun a la dretgira d’execuziun.Art. 351 Procedura davant la dretgira d’execuziun La partida obligada po far valair objecziuns cunter l’obligaziun d’ademplir la prestaziun mo, sch’ella po cumprovar immediatamain questas objecziuns. Sch’ella sto depositar ina decleranza da voluntad, vegn la decleranza remplazzada tras la decisiun da la dretgira d’execuziun. La dretgira dat las ordinaziuns necessarias tenor l’artitgel 344 alinea 2.Art. 352 Giudicament giudizialIl giudicament giudizial da la prestaziun debitada resta resalvà en mintga cas. En spezial po la partida obligada purtar da tut temp plant sin constataziun ch’il dretg n’exista betg u betg pli ubain ch’el n’è betg u betg pli prorogà.3. part Giurisdicziun da cumpromiss1. titel Disposiziuns generalasArt. 353 Champ d’applicaziun Las disposiziuns da questa part valan per proceduras davant dretgiras da cumpromiss cun sedia en Svizra, sche las disposiziuns dal 12. chapitel da la LDIP n’èn betg applitgablas. Las partidas pon excluder la valaivladad da questa part tras ina decleranza en la cunvegna da cumpromiss u en ina cunvegna posteriura e fixar l’applicaziun da las disposiziuns dal 12. chapitel da la LDIP sco lianta. La decleranza sto avair la furma tenor l’artitgel 358. SR 291 Versiun tenor la cifra 2 da l’agiunta da la LF dals 19 da zer. 2020, en vigur dapi il 1. da schan. 2021 (AS 2020 4179; BBl 2018 7163).Art. 354 Object d’ina procedura da cumpromissL’object d’ina procedura da cumpromiss po esser mintga pretensiun, da la quala las partidas pon disponer libramain.Art. 355 Sedia da la dretgira da cumpromiss La sedia da la dretgira da cumpromiss vegn fixada da las partidas u da l’organ ch’ellas han incumbensà. Sche la sedia na vegn betg fixada, designescha la dretgira da cumpromiss sezza sia sedia. Sche ni las partidas ni l’organ ch’ellas han incumbensà ni la dretgira da cumpromiss na designeschan la sedia, è la sedia al lieu da la dretgira statala che fiss cumpetenta per giuditgar la chaussa en cas ch’ina cunvegna da cumpromiss mancass. Sche pliras dretgiras statalas èn cumpetentas, ha la dretgira da cumpromiss sia sedia al lieu da quella dretgira statala che vegn appellada sco emprima applitgond l’artitgel 356. Sche las partidas n’han betg fixà insatge auter, po la dretgira da cumpromiss far sesidas, examinar las cumprovas e deliberar er en mintga auter lieu.Art. 356 Dretgiras statalas cumpetentas Il chantun, en il qual la sedia da la dretgira da cumpromiss sa chatta, designescha ina dretgira superiura ch’è cumpetenta per:a. recurs e dumondas da revisiun;b. prender en consegna la sentenzia da cumpromiss per archivar ella e per confermar sia executabilitad. In’autra dretgira u ina dretgira d’ina autra cumposiziun ch’è vegnida designada dal chantun da la sedia da la dretgira da cumpromiss è sco suletta instanza cumpetenta per:a. nominar, refusar, relaschar e remplazzar ils derschaders da cumpromiss;b. prolungar la perioda d’uffizi da la dretgira da cumpromiss;c. sustegnair la dretgira da cumpromiss en connex cun ils acts processuals. Cun excepziun da l’alinea 1 litera a decida la dretgira statala cumpetenta en la procedura summarica. Integrà tras la cifra 2 da l’agiunta da la LF dals 19 da zer. 2020, en vigur dapi il 1. da schan. 2021 (AS 2020 4179; BBl 2018 7163).2. titel Cunvegna da cumpromiss e clausula da cumpromiss Versiun tenor la cifra 2 da l’agiunta da la LF dals 19 da zer. 2020, en vigur dapi il 1. da schan. 2021 (AS 2020 4179; BBl 2018 7163).Art. 357 Cunvegna da cumpromiss La cunvegna da cumpromiss po sa referir tant a dispitas existentas sco er a dispitas futuras che resultan d’ina tscherta relaziun giuridica. La valaivladad da la cunvegna da cumpromiss na po betg vegnir contestada cun il motiv ch’il contract principal saja nunvalaivel.Art. 358 Furma La cunvegna da cumpromiss sto vegnir fatga en scrit u en in’autra furma che permetta da la cumprovar a maun d’in text. Per clausulas da cumpromiss ch’èn previsas en acts giuridics unilaterals u en statuts, valan las disposiziuns da questa part tenor il senn. Integrà tras la cifra 2 da l’agiunta da la LF dals 19 da zer. 2020, en vigur dapi il 1. da schan. 2021 (AS 2020 4179; BBl 2018 7163).Art. 359 Contestaziun da la cumpetenza da la dretgira da cumpromiss Sche la valaivladad da la cunvegna da cumpromiss, ses cuntegn, sia impurtanza u la constituziun correcta da la dretgira da cumpromiss vegnan contestads davant la dretgira da cumpromiss, decida quella en chaussa cun ina decisiun intermediara u en la decisiun davart la chaussa principala. L’objecziun da l’incumpetenza da la dretgira da cumpromiss sto vegnir fatga avant ch’entrar en la chaussa principala.3. titel Constituziun da la dretgira da cumpromissArt. 360 Dumber da commembers Las partidas pon fixar libramain il dumber da commembers da la dretgira da cumpromiss. Sch’ina tala cunvegna manca, è il dumber da commembers 3. Sche las partidas han fixà in dumber pèr, vegni presumà ch’ina persuna supplementara vegnia nominada sco president.Art. 361 Nominaziun tras las partidas Ils commembers da la dretgira da cumpromiss vegnan nominads sco ch’igl è vegnì fixà tranter las partidas. Sch’ina tala cunvegna manca, nominescha mintga partida il medem dumber da commembers; quels elegian unanimamain in president. Sch’in derschader da cumpromiss vegn designà tenor sia funcziun, vala quella persuna sco nominada che occupa questa funcziun il mument ch’ella accepta l’uffizi. En las dispitas che resultan tras la locaziun e tras la fittanza d’abitaziuns pon las partidas designar mo l’autoritad da mediaziun sco dretgira da cumpromiss.Art. 362 Nominaziun tras la dretgira statala Sche la cunvegna da cumpromiss na prevesa betg in auter organ per la nominaziun u sche quest organ na nominescha betg ils commembers entaifer in termin adequat, fa la dretgira statala ch’è cumpetenta tenor l’artitgel 356 alinea 2 la nominaziun sin proposta d’ina partida, sche:a. las partidas na pon betg s’accordar davart la nominaziun dal derschader singul da cumpromiss u dal president;b. ina partida na nominescha betg ils commembers ch’ella sto designar entaifer 30 dis dapi ch’ella è vegnida intimada da far quai; uc. ils derschaders da cumpromiss na s’accordan betg – entaifer 30 dis suenter lur nominaziun – davart l’elecziun d’in president. En cas d’ina chaussa da cumpromiss che cumpiglia pliras partidas po la dretgira statala ch’è cumpetenta tenor l’artitgel 356 alinea 2 nominar tut ils commembers. Sche la nominaziun vegn surdada ad ina dretgira statala, sto quella far la nominaziun, nun ch’ina examinaziun summarica mussia che las partidas n’han nagina cunvegna da cumpromiss.Art. 363 Obligaziun da transparenza Ina persuna che vegn proponida sco derschadra da cumpromiss sto annunziar immediatamain, sch’i dat fatgs che pudessan svegliar dubis legitims davart sia independenza u davart sia imparzialitad. Questa obligaziun vala durant l’entira procedura.Art. 364 Acceptaziun da l’uffizi Ils derschaders da cumpromiss conferman l’acceptaziun da l’uffizi. La dretgira da cumpromiss è constituida pir, cur che tut ils commembers han acceptà l’uffizi.Art. 365 Secretariat La dretgira da cumpromiss po instituir in secretariat. Ils artitgels 363 alinea 1 ed ils artitgels 367 fin 369 valan tenor il senn.Art. 366 Perioda d’uffizi En la cunvegna da cumpromiss u en ina cunvegna posteriura pon las partidas limitar la perioda d’uffizi da la dretgira da cumpromiss. La perioda d’uffizi, entaifer la quala la dretgira da cumpromiss sto pronunziar la sentenzia da cumpromiss, po vegnir prolungada en ils suandants cas:a. tras ina cunvegna tranter las partidas;b. sin proposta d’ina partida u da la dretgira da cumpromiss tras ina decisiun da la dretgira statala ch’è cumpetenta tenor l’artitgel 356 alinea 2.4. titel Refusa, revocaziun e remplazzament dals commembers da la dretgira da cumpromissArt. 367 Refusa d’in commember In commember da la dretgira da cumpromiss po vegnir refusà en ils suandants cas:a. el na correspunda betg a las pretensiuns fixadas da las partidas;b. igl è avant maun in motiv da refusa ch’è previs en l’urden da procedura che las partidas han fixà; uc. i dat dubis legitims davart sia independenza u imparzialitad. Ina partida po refusar in commember ch’ella ha nominà u dal qual ella ha sustegnì la nominaziun, mo per motivs ch’ella è vegnida a savair, malgrà l’attenziun necessaria, pir suenter la nominaziun. Il motiv da refusa sto vegnir communitgà immediatamain a la dretgira da cumpromiss ed a l’autra partida. Versiun tenor la cifra 2 da l’agiunta da la LF dals 19 da zer. 2020, en vigur dapi il 1. da schan. 2021 (AS 2020 4179; BBl 2018 7163).Art. 368 Refusa da la dretgira da cumpromiss Ina partida po refusar la dretgira da cumpromiss, sche l’autra partida ha exercità ina influenza predominanta sin la nominaziun dals commembers. La refusa sto vegnir communitgada immediatamain a la dretgira da cumpromiss ed a l’autra partida. La nova dretgira da cumpromiss vegn constituida en la procedura tenor ils artitgels 361 e 362. Las partidas han il dretg da puspè nominar sco derschaders da cumpromiss commembers da la dretgira da cumpromiss ch’èn vegnids refusads.Art. 369 Procedura da refusa Las partidas pon fixar libramain la procedura da refusa. Sch’ellas n’han fixà nagut auter e sche la procedura da cumpromiss n’è betg terminada, sto la dumonda da refusa vegnir drizzada en scrit e cun motivaziun al commember refusà e vegnir communitgada als ulteriurs commembers entaifer 30 dis suenter che la partida petenta ha survegnì enconuschientscha dal motiv da refusa u avess pudì survegnir enconuschientscha da quest motiv cun l’attenziun necessaria. Entaifer 30 dis suenter l’inoltraziun da la dumonda da refusa po la partida petenta pretender ina decisiun da l’organ designà da las partidas u, sch’in tal organ n’è betg vegnì designà, da la dretgira statala ch’è cumpetenta tenor l’artitgel 356 alinea 2. Sche las partidas n’han fixà nagut auter, po la dretgira da cumpromiss cuntinuar durant la procedura da refusa fin a la sentenzia da cumpromiss cun la procedura, senza excluder las persunas refusadas. La decisiun davart la refusa po vegnir contestada mo ensemen cun in recurs cunter l’emprima sentenzia da cumpromiss. Versiun tenor la cifra 2 da l’agiunta da la LF dals 19 da zer. 2020, en vigur dapi il 1. da schan. 2021 (AS 2020 4179; BBl 2018 7163). Versiun tenor la cifra 2 da l’agiunta da la LF dals 19 da zer. 2020, en vigur dapi il 1. da schan. 2021 (AS 2020 4179; BBl 2018 7163).Art. 370 Revocaziun Mintga commember da la dretgira da cumpromiss po vegnir revocà tras ina cunvegna en scrit da las partidas. Sch’in commember da la dretgira da cumpromiss n’è betg en cas d’ademplir sias incumbensas entaifer in termin adequat u cun il quità necessari e sche las partidas n’han fixà nagut auter, po el vegnir revocà sin proposta d’ina partida tras l’organ designà da las partidas u, sch’in tal organ n’è betg vegnì designà, tras la dretgira statala ch’è cumpetenta tenor l’artitgel 356 alinea 2. Per la contestaziun d’ina tala decisiun vala l’artitgel 369 alinea 5. Versiun tenor la cifra 2 da l’agiunta da la LF dals 19 da zer. 2020, en vigur dapi il 1. da schan. 2021 (AS 2020 4179; BBl 2018 7163).Art. 371 Remplazzament d’in commember da la dretgira da cumpromiss Sch’in commember da la dretgira da cumpromiss sto vegnir remplazzà, vala la medema procedura sco per sia nominaziun, nun che las partidas hajan fixà u fixeschian insatge auter. Sch’el na po betg vegnir remplazzà en questa moda, vegn il nov commember nominà tras la dretgira statala ch’è cumpetenta tenor l’artitgel 356 alinea 2, nun che la cunvegna da cumpromiss excludia questa pussaivladad u che la dretgira da cumpromiss scrodia tras l’extrada d’in commember. Sche las partidas na pon betg sa cunvegnir, decida la dretgira da cumpromiss ch’è sa constituida da nov tge acts processuals, als quals il commember remplazzà ha collavurà, che ston vegnir repetids. La procedura da remplazzament na suspenda betg il termin, entaifer il qual la dretgira da cumpromiss sto pronunziar sia sentenzia da cumpromiss.5. titel Procedura da cumpromissArt. 372 Litispendenza La procedura da cumpromiss è pendenta:a. uschespert ch’ina partida appellescha a la dretgira da cumpromiss ch’è designada en la cunvegna da cumpromiss; ub. sche la cunvegna na designescha nagina dretgira da cumpromiss: uschespert ch’ina partida iniziescha la procedura per constituir la dretgira da cumpromiss u la procedura da mediaziun precedenta ch’è vegnida fixada da las partidas. Sche plants che pertutgan il medem object da dispita e las medemas partidas vegnan inoltrads ad ina dretgira statala ed ad ina dretgira da cumpromiss, suspenda la dretgira ch’è vegnida appellada sco ultima la procedura, fin che la dretgira appellada sco emprima ha decidì davart la cumpetenza.Art. 373 Reglas generalas da procedura Las partidas pon:a. reglar sezzas la procedura da cumpromiss;b. reglar la procedura da cumpromiss tras in renviament ad in urden da procedura da cumpromiss;c. suttametter la procedura da cumpromiss ad in dretg da procedura da lur tscherna. Sche las partidas n’han betg reglà la procedura, vegn quella fixada da la dretgira da cumpromiss. Il president da la dretgira da cumpromiss po decider sulet davart singulas dumondas da procedura, sche las partidas u ils auters commembers da la dretgira da cumpromiss l’han autorisà da far quai. La dretgira da cumpromiss sto garantir il tractament egual da las partidas e lur dretg sin attenziun giuridica e realisar ina procedura cuntradictorica. Mintga partida po sa laschar represchentar. Cuntravenziuns cunter las reglas da procedura ston vegnir contestadas immediatamain, suenter ch’ellas èn vegnidas enconuschentas u fissan stadas d’enconuscher cun l’attenziun necessaria; uschiglio na pon ellas betg pli vegnir fatgas valair pli tard. Versiun tenor la cifra 2 da l’agiunta da la LF dals 19 da zer. 2020, en vigur dapi il 1. da schan. 2021 (AS 2020 4179; BBl 2018 7163).Art. 374 Mesiras preventivas, segirezza ed indemnisaziun dal donn La dretgira statala ubain, sche las partidas n’han fixà nagut auter, la dretgira da cumpromiss po ordinar sin dumonda d’ina partida mesiras preventivas inclusiv mesiras per segirar cumprovas. Sche la persuna pertutgada na sa suttametta betg voluntarmain ad ina mesira ch’è vegnida ordinada da la dretgira da cumpromiss, dat la dretgira statala ils cumonds necessaris, e quai sin dumonda da la dretgira da cumpromiss u d’ina partida; sche la proposta vegn fatga d’ina partida, sto ella dumandar il consentiment da la dretgira da cumpromiss. Sch’igl è da temair ch’i resultia in donn per l’autra partida, po la dretgira da cumpromiss u la dretgira statala obligar il petent da prestar ina segirezza per ch’ella possia ordinar mesiras preventivas. La partida petenta stat buna per il donn che resulta d’ina mesira preventiva nungiustifitgada. Ma sch’ella cumprova ch’ella ha fatg sia dumonda en buna fai, po la dretgira reducir l’obligaziun d’indemnisaziun u la liberar dal tuttafatg da tala. La partida donnegiada po far valair il dretg en la procedura da cumpromiss pendenta. Ina garanzia prestada sto vegnir dada libra, cur ch’igl è cler ch’i na vegn inoltrà nagin plant sin indemnisaziun dal donn; en cas d’intschertezza fixescha la dretgira da cumpromiss in termin per purtar plant.Art. 375 Examinaziun da las cumprovas e cooperaziun da la dretgira statala La dretgira da cumpromiss examinescha sezza las cumprovas. Sch’ina assistenza giudiziala statala è necessaria per l’examinaziun da las cumprovas u per la realisaziun d’auters acts da la dretgira da cumpromiss, po la dretgira da cumpromiss – tenor l’artitgel 356 alinea 2 – dumandar la cooperaziun da la dretgira statala ch’è cumpetenta. Cun il consentiment da la dretgira da cumpromiss po far quai er ina partida. Ils commembers da la dretgira da cumpromiss pon prender part als acts processuals da la dretgira statala e far dumondas.Art. 376 Litisconsorzi, accumulaziun da plants e participaziun da terzas persunas Ina procedura da cumpromiss po vegnir introducida da u cunter litisconsorts, sche:a. tut las partidas èn colliadas tranter ellas tras ina u tras pliras cunvegnas da cumpromiss concordantas; eb. ils dretgs che vegnan fatgs valair èn identics u han in connex material. Las pretensiuns che han in connex material tranter las medemas partidas pon vegnir giuditgadas en la medema procedura da cumpromiss, sch’ellas èn l’object da cunvegnas da cumpromiss concordantas da questas partidas. L’intervenziun d’ina terza persuna e la participaziun d’in denunzià premettan ina cunvegna da cumpromiss tranter la terza persuna e las partidas en dispita e basegnan il consentiment da la dretgira da cumpromiss.Art. 377 Cumpensaziun e cuntraplant La dretgira da cumpromiss po giuditgar l’objecziun da cumpensaziun che vegn fatga d’ina partida, schebain che la pretensiun, per la quala vegn dumandada la cumpensaziun na pertutga betg la cunvegna da cumpromiss u schebain ch’igl exista per ella in’autra cunvegna da cumpromiss u ina cunvegna davart la dretgira cumpetenta. In cuntraplant è admissibel, sch’el pertutga ina chaussa dispitaivla ch’è suttamessa ad ina cunvegna da cumpromiss concordanta da las partidas.Art. 378 Pajament anticipà dals custs La dretgira da cumpromiss po pretender in pajament anticipà per ils custs da procedura presumptivs e far depender la realisaziun da la procedura da quest pajament. Sche las partidas n’han fixà nagut auter, fixescha ella l’import che mintga partida sto pajar anticipadamain. Sch’ina partida na presta betg il pajament anticipà che vegn pretendì dad ella, po l’autra partida ubain pajar anticipadamain tut ils custs ubain renunziar a la procedura da cumpromiss. Sch’ella renunzia a la procedura da cumpromiss, po ella iniziar ina nova procedura da cumpromiss u purtar plant davant la dretgira statala per questa chaussa.Art. 379 Garanzia d’indemnisaziun da la partidaSche la partida accusanta para dad esser insolventa, po la dretgira da cumpromiss disponer – sin proposta da la partida accusada – che l’indemnisaziun presumptiva da la partida insolventa sto vegnir garantida entaifer in tschert termin. Per la partida accusada vala l’artitgel 378 alinea 2 tenor il senn.Art. 380 Giurisdicziun gratuitaLa giurisdicziun gratuita è exclusa.6. titel Sentenzia da cumpromissArt. 381 Dretg applitgabel La dretgira da cumpromiss decida:a. tenor las reglas da dretg che las partidas han tschernì; ub. tenor duaivladad, sch’ella è vegnida autorisada da las partidas da far quai. Sch’ina tala tscherna u ina tala autorisaziun manca, decida ella tenor il dretg ch’ina dretgira statala applitgass.Art. 382 Tractativa e votaziun A tractativas ed a votaziuns ston cooperar tut ils commembers da la dretgira da cumpromiss. Sch’in commember refusescha da sa participar ad ina tractativa u ad ina votaziun, pon ils ulteriurs commembers tractar e decider senza el, nun che las partidas hajan fixà insatge auter. La dretgira da cumpromiss pronunzia la sentenzia da cumpromiss cun la maioritad da las vuschs da ses commembers, nun che las partidas hajan fixà insatge auter. Sch’i na resulta betg ina maioritad da las vuschs, pronunzia il president la sentenzia da cumpromiss.Art. 383 Sentenzias da cumpromiss intermediaras e parzialasSche las partidas n’han betg fixà insatge auter, po la dretgira da cumpromiss limitar la procedura a singulas dumondas ed a singulas pretensiuns giuridicas.Art. 384 Cuntegn da la sentenzia da cumpromiss La sentenzia da cumpromiss cumpiglia:a. la cumposiziun da la dretgira da cumpromiss;b. l’indicaziun da la sedia da la dretgira da cumpromiss;c. la designaziun da las partidas e da lur represchentanza;d. las pretensiuns giuridicas da las partidas u – sch’i mancan las propostas – ina circumscripziun da la dumonda dispitaivla;e. sche las partidas n’han betg renunzià a quai: la preschentaziun dals fatgs, ils motivs giuridics da la decisiun ed eventualmain las consideraziuns da la duaivladad;f. il dispositiv en chaussa sco er l’import e la repartiziun dals custs da procedura e da l’indemnisaziun da la partida;g. la data da la sentenzia da cumpromiss. La sentenzia da cumpromiss sto vegnir suttascritta; la suttascripziun dal president basta.Art. 385 Cunvegna da las partidasSche las partidas liquideschan la dispita durant la procedura da cumpromiss, fixescha la dretgira da cumpromiss – sin proposta – la cunvegna, e quai en furma d’ina sentenzia da cumpromiss.Art. 386 Consegna e deposit da la sentenzia da cumpromiss A mintga partida sto vegnir consegnà in exemplar da la sentenzia da cumpromiss. Mintga partida po deponer, sin agens custs, in exemplar da la sentenzia da cumpromiss tar la dretgira statala ch’è cumpetenta tenor l’artitgel 356 alinea 1. Sin proposta d’ina partida emetta questa dretgira ina decleranza d’executabilitad.Art. 387 Effects da la sentenzia da cumpromissTras la communicaziun ha la sentenzia da cumpromiss l’effect d’ina decisiun giudiziala legalmain valaivla ed executabla.Art. 388 Rectificaziun, explicaziun e cumplettaziun da la sentenzia da cumpromiss Mintga partida po dumandar la dretgira da cumpromiss da:a. rectifitgar sbagls redacziunals e calculatorics en la sentenzia da cumpromiss;b. explitgar tschertas parts da la sentenzia da cumpromiss;c. pronunziar ina sentenzia da cumpromiss cumplementara davart pretensiuns ch’èn bain vegnidas fatgas valair en la procedura da cumpromiss, ma che n’èn betg vegnidas tractadas en la sentenzia da cumpromiss. La proposta sto vegnir fatga entaifer 30 dis dapi ch’il sbagl è vegnì scuvrì ubain dapi che las parts che basegnan explicaziuns e cumplettaziuns èn vegnidas pertschavidas, il pli tard dentant entaifer 1 onn dapi la consegna da la sentenzia da cumpromiss. La proposta na suspenda betg ils termins da recurs. Areguard la part da la sentenzia da cumpromiss ch’è vegnida rectifitgada, explitgada u cumplettada cumenza il termin da recurs da nov. Versiun tenor la cifra 2 da l’agiunta da la LF dals 19 da zer. 2020, en vigur dapi il 1. da schan. 2021 (AS 2020 4179; BBl 2018 7163).7. titel Meds legals1. chapitel RecursArt. 389 Recurs tar il Tribunal federal La sentenzia da cumpromiss è suttamessa al recurs tar il Tribunal federal. Per la procedura valan las disposiziuns da la Lescha federala dals 17 da zercladur 2005 davart il Tribunal federal, sche quest chapitel na fixescha nagut auter. SR 173.110Art. 390 Recurs tar la dretgira chantunala Tras ina decleranza explicita en la cunvegna da cumpromiss u en ina cunvegna posteriura pon las partidas fixar ch’ins po far recurs cunter la sentenzia da cumpromiss tar la dretgira chantunala ch’è cumpetenta tenor l’artitgel 356 alinea 1. Per la procedura valan ils artitgels 319 fin 327, sche quest chapitel na fixescha nagut auter. La dretgira chantunala decida definitivamain.Art. 391 SubsidiaritadIl recurs è admissibel pir suenter ch’ils meds legals da cumpromiss previs en la cunvegna da cumpromiss èn consumads.Art. 392 Sentenzias da cumpromiss contestablasContestablas èn:a. mintga sentenzia da cumpromiss parziala u finala;b. ina sentenzia da cumpromiss intermediara per ils motivs menziunads en l’artitgel 393 literas a e b.Art. 393 Motivs da recursIna sentenzia da cumpromiss po vegnir contestada mo, sche:a. il derschader singul da cumpromiss è vegnì nominà en moda irregulara u sche la dretgira da cumpromiss è vegnida cumponida en moda irregulara;b. la dretgira da cumpromiss è sa declerada nungiustifitgadamain per cumpetenta u per incumpetenta;c. la dretgira da cumpromiss ha decidì davart puncts dispitaivels che n’èn betg vegnids suttamess ad ella, u sch’ella n’ha betg giuditgà tschertas pretensiuns giuridicas;d. il princip dal tractament egual da las partidas u il princip da l’attenziun giuridica èn vegnids violads;e. il resultat è arbitrar, perquai ch’el sa basa sin constataziuns dals fatgs che cuntrafan evidentamain a las actas u perquai ch’el sa basa sin ina violaziun evidenta dal dretg u da la duaivladad;f. las indemnisaziuns e las expensas che la dretgira da cumpromiss ha fixà per ses commembers èn evidentamain excessivas.Art. 394 Refusaziun per rectifitgar u per cumplettar la sentenzia da cumpromissSuenter avair tadlà las partidas po l’instanza da recurs refusar la sentenzia da cumpromiss per mauns da la dretgira da cumpromiss e fixar in termin per rectifitgar e per cumplettar la sentenzia da cumpromiss.Art. 395 Decisiun Sch’ina sentenzia da cumpromiss na vegn betg refusada a la dretgira da cumpromiss u na vegn betg rectifitgada u cumplettada da tala a temp, decida l’instanza da recurs davart il recurs ed abolescha la sentenzia da cumpromiss, il mument ch’ella approvescha il recurs. Sche la sentenzia da cumpromiss vegn abolida, decida la dretgira da cumpromiss da nov a norma da las consideraziuns en la decisiun da refusaziun. Sch’ella n’è betg pli cumpletta, vegn applitgà l’artitgel 371. L’aboliziun po vegnir restrenschida a singulas parts da la sentenzia da cumpromiss, sche las autras parts na dependan betg da quellas. Sche la sentenzia da cumpromiss vegn contestada, perquai che las indemnisaziuns e las expensas dals derschaders da cumpromiss èn evidentamain excessivas, po l’instanza recurs decider sezza davart questas summas. Integrà la segunda frasa tras la cifra 2 da l’agiunta da la LF dals 19 da zer. 2020, en vigur dapi il 1. da schan. 2021 (AS 2020 4179; BBl 2018 7163).2. chapitel RevisiunArt. 396 Motivs da revisiun Ina partida po pretender la revisiun da la sentenzia da cumpromiss tar la dretgira statala ch’è cumpetenta tenor l’artitgel 356 alinea 1, sche:a. ella vegn a savair posteriuramain fatgs relevants u chatta meds da cumprova decisivs ch’ella n’ha betg pudì preschentar en la procedura precedenta; exclus èn fatgs e meds da cumprova ch’èn resultads pir suenter la sentenzia da cumpromiss;b. ina procedura penala ha mussà che la sentenzia da cumpromiss era vegnida influenzada tras in crim u tras in delict a disfavur da la partida respectiva; ina condemnaziun tras la dretgira penala n’è betg necessaria; sch’ina procedura penala n’è betg pussaivla, po la cumprova vegnir procurada sin in’autra via;c. i vegn fatg valair che la renconuschientscha dal plant, la retratga dal plant u l’accord tras la dretgira da cumpromiss n’hajan nagin effect;d. in motiv da refusa tenor l’artitgel 367 alinea 1 litera c è vegnì scuvrì, malgrà l’attenziun necessaria, pir suenter la terminaziun da la procedura da cumpromiss e nagins auters meds legals na stattan a disposiziun. La revisiun pervia d’ina violaziun da la CEDU po vegnir pretendida, sche:a. il Tribunal europeic dals dretgs umans ha constatà en ina sentenzia definitiva (art. 44 CEDU) che la CEDU u ils protocols latiers sajan vegnids violads, u ha terminà il cas tras ina cunvegna amicabla (art. 39 CEDU);b. ina indemnisaziun n’è betg adattada per cumpensar las consequenzas da la violaziun; ec. la revisiun è necessaria per eliminar la violaziun. Integrà tras la cifra 2 da l’agiunta da la LF dals 19 da zer. 2020, en vigur dapi il 1. da schan. 2021 (AS 2020 4179; BBl 2018 7163). SR 0.101 Versiun tenor la cifra 2 da l’agiunta da la LF dal 1. d’oct. 2021, en vigur dapi il 1. da fan. 2022 (AS 2022 289; BBl 2021 300, 889).Art. 397 Termins La dumonda da revisiun sto vegnir inoltrada entaifer 90 dis dapi ch’il motiv da revisiun è vegnì scuvrì. Suenter la scadenza da 10 onns dapi che la sentenzia da cumpromiss è entrada en vigur na po la revisiun betg pli vegnir pretendida, danor en il cas da l’artitgel 396 alinea 1 litera b.Art. 398 ProceduraPer la procedura valan ils artitgels 330 e 331.Art. 399 Refusaziun a la dretgira da cumpromiss Sche la dretgira approvescha la dumonda da revisiun, abolescha ella la sentenzia da cumpromiss e refusescha la chaussa a la dretgira da cumpromiss per laschar giuditgar da nov. Sche la dretgira da cumpromiss n’è betg pli cumpletta, vegn applitgà l’artitgel 371.4. part Disposiziuns finalas1. titel ExecuziunArt. 400 Princips Il Cussegl federal decretescha las disposiziuns executivas. El metta a disposiziun formulars per ils documents da dretgira e per las inoltraziuns da las partidas. Ils formulars ch’èn destinads a las inoltraziuns da las partidas ston vegnir concepids uschia ch’els pon vegnir emplenids er d’ina partida che n’ha betg enconuschientschas giuridicas. El po incaricar l’Uffizi federal da giustia da decretar prescripziuns administrativas e tecnicas.Art. 401 Projects da pilot Cun l’approvaziun dal Cussegl federal pon ils chantuns realisar projects da pilot. Il Cussegl federal po surdar a l’uffizi federal da giustia la cumpetenza d’approvar ils projects da pilot.2. titel Adattaziun da leschasArt. 402 Aboliziun e midada dal dretg vertentL’aboliziun e la midada dal dretg vertent vegnan regladas en l’agiunta 1.Art. 403 Disposiziuns da coordinaziunLa coordinaziun da las disposiziuns d’auters decrets cun las disposiziuns da questa lescha vegn reglada en l’agiunta 2.3. titel Disposiziuns transitoricas1. chapitel Disposiziuns transitoricas dals 19 da december 2008 Integrà tras la cifra I 1 da la LF dals 28 da sett. 2012 (prescripziuns da protocollaziun), en vigur dapi il 1. da matg 2013 (AS 2013 851; BBl 2012 5707 5719).Art. 404 Applitgabladad dal dretg vertent Per proceduras ch’èn pendentas il mument da l’entrada en vigur da questa lescha vala il dretg da procedura vertent, fin che la procedura davant l’instanza pertutgada è terminada. La cumpetenza locala sa drizza tenor il dretg nov. Ina cumpetenza existenta tenor il dretg vegl vegn mantegnida.Art. 405 Meds legals Per ils meds legals vala il dretg ch’è en vigur il mument da la communicaziun da la decisiun. Per la revisiun da decisiuns ch’èn vegnidas communitgadas tenor il dretg vertent, vala il dretg nov.Art. 406 Cunvegna davart la dretgira cumpetentaLa valaivladad d’ina cunvegna davart la dretgira cumpetenta vegn definida tenor quel dretg che valeva il mument ch’ella è vegnida fixada.Art. 407 Giurisdicziun da cumpromiss La valaivladad da cunvegnas da cumpromiss ch’èn vegnidas fixadas avant l’entrada en vigur da questa lescha vegn giuditgada tenor il dretg il pli favuraivel. Per proceduras da cumpromiss ch’èn pendentas il mument da l’entrada en vigur da questa lescha vala il dretg vertent. Las partidas pon dentant fixar ch’il dretg nov vegnia applitgà. Per ils meds legals vala il dretg ch’è en vigur il mument da la communicaziun da la sentenzia da cumpromiss. Per proceduras ch’èn pendentas il mument da l’entrada en vigur da questa lescha davant las dretgiras statalas ch’èn cumpetentas tenor l’artitgel 356 vala il dretg vertent.2. chapitel Disposiziun transitorica da la midada dals 28 da settember 2012 Integrà tras la cifra I 1 da la LF dals 28 da sett. 2012 (prescripziuns da protocollaziun), en vigur dapi il 1. da matg 2013 (AS 2013 851; BBl 2012 5707 5719).Art. 407aEn proceduras ch’èn pendentas il mument che la midada dals 28 da settember 2012 da questa lescha entra en vigur, vegnan ils acts processuals reglads tenor il dretg nov a partir dal mument da l’entrada en vigur.3. chapitel Disposiziun transitorica da la midada dals 20 da mars 2015 Integrà tras la cifra 2 da l’agiunta da la LF dals 20 da mars 2015 (mantegniment dals uffants), en vigur dapi il 1. da schan. 2017 (AS 2015 4299; BBl 2014 529).Art. 407b Per proceduras ch’èn pendentas il mument da l’entrada en vigur da la midada dals 20 da mars 2015 vala il dretg nov. Novas pretensiuns giuridicas che vegnan iniziadas tras la midada dal dretg applitgabel èn admissiblas; las parts d’ina decisiun che na vegnan betg contestadas restan liantas, uschenavant ch’ellas n’èn betg colliadas materialmain en moda uschè stretga cun pretensiuns giuridicas che ston anc vegnir giuditgadas, ch’i sto vegnir fatg raschunaivlamain in giudicament cumplessiv.4. chapitel Disposiziun transitorica da la midada dals 19 da zercladur 2015 Integrà tras la cifra 2 da l’agiunta da la LF dals 19 da zer. 2015 (cumpensaziun dal provediment professiunal en cas da divorzi), en vigur dapi il 1. da schan. 2017 (AS 2016 2313; BBl 2013 4887).Art. 407c En proceduras da divorzi ch’èn pendentas il mument da l’entrada en vigur da la midada dals 19 da zercladur 2015 vala il dretg nov. Novas pretensiuns giuridicas che vegnan iniziadas tras la midada dal dretg applitgabel èn admissiblas; las parts da la sentenzia che na vegnan betg contestadas restan liantas, uschenavant ch’ellas n’èn betg colliadas materialmain en moda uschè stretga cun pretensiuns giuridicas che ston anc vegnir giuditgadas, ch’i sto vegnir fatg raschunaivlamain in giudicament cumplessiv.5. chapitel Disposiziun transitorica da la midada dals 14 da december 2018 Integrà tras la cifra I 2 da la LF dals 14 da dec. 2018 davart la meglieraziun da la protecziun da victimas da violenza, en vigur dapi il 1. da fan. 2020 (AS 2019 2273; BBl 2017 7307).Art. 407dPer proceduras ch’èn pendentas il mument da l’entrada en vigur da la midada dals 14 da december 2018 vala il dretg nov.6. chapitel: Disposiziun transitorica da la midada dals 25 da settember 2020 Integrà tras la cifra II 24 da l’agiunta 1 da la LF dals 25 da sett. 2020 davart la protecziun da datas, en vigur dapi il 1. da sett. 2023 (AS 2022 491; BBl 2017 6941).Art. 407ePer proceduras ch’èn pendentas il mument da l’entrada en vigur da la midada dals 25 da settember 2020 vala il dretg nov.4. titel Referendum ed entrada en vigurArt. 408 Questa lescha è suttamessa al referendum facultativ. Il Cussegl federal fixescha l’entrada en vigur.Data da l’entrada en vigur: 1. da schaner 2011 COCF dals 31 da mars 2010.Agiunta 1(art. 402)Aboliziun e midada dal dretg vertentI.  Aboliziun dal dretg vertentLa Lescha federala dals 24 da mars 2000 davart la cumpetenza en chaussas civilas vegn abolida. [AS 2000 2355; 2004 2617 agiunta cifra 3; 2005 5685 agiunta cifra 14; 2006 5379 agiunta cifra II 2]II.  Midada dal dretg vertentLas leschas federalas qua sutvart vegnan midadas sco suonda:... Las midadas pon vegnir consultadas en la AS 2010 1739.Agiunta 2(art. 403)Disposiziuns da coordinaziun1.  Coordinaziun dal Cudesch da procedura civila svizzer cun la nova Lescha federala davart la responsabladad civila per l’energia nuclearaIndependentamain dal fatg, sche la Lescha federala dals 13 da zercladur 2008 davart la responsabladad civila per l’energia nucleara (nova LRCN) u sch’il Cudesch da procedura civila svizzer dals 19 da december 2008 (CPC) entra en vigur sco emprim, vegn midà il CPC – tras la lescha che entra en vigur pli tard u en cas che las duas leschas entran en vigur a medem temp – sco suonda:... SR 732.44; en vigur dapi il 1. da schan. 2022, publitgà ils 27 da schan. 2022 (AS 2022 43). Las midadas pon vegnir consultadas en la AS 2010 1739.2.  Coordinaziun da la cifra 19 da l’agiunta 1 cun la nova LRCNIndependentamain dal fatg, sche la nova LRCN u sch’il CPC entra en vigur sco emprim, vegn midada la cifra 19 da l’agiunta 1 dal CPC – tras la lescha che entra en vigur pli tard u en cas che las duas leschas entran en vigur a medem temp – e la nova LRCN vegn midada tenor la cifra 20 da l’agiunta 1 dal CPC. SR 732.44; en vigur dapi il 1. da schan. 2022, publitgà ils 27 da schan. 2022 (AS 2022 43).3.  Coordinaziun cun la midada dals 19 da december 2008 dal CCS (protecziun da creschids, dretg da persunas e dretg dals uffants)Independentamain dal fatg, sche la midada dals 19 da december 2008 dal CCS (protecziun da creschids, dretg da persunas e dretg dals uffants) u sch’il Cudesch da procedura civila svizzer (CPC) entra en vigur sco emprim, vegn midà il CPC – tras la lescha che entra en vigur pli tard u en cas che las duas leschas entran en vigur a medem temp – sco suonda:... SR 210 Las midadas pon vegnir consultadas en la AS 2010 1739..