Document ID: /roh_data/filtered/swiss_laws_in_ROHinterleaved.jsonl.gz/12

This text was translated from EN into Rumantsch Grischun.

input-en101English is not an official language of the Swiss Confederation. This translation is provided for information purposes only and has no legal force.Federal Constitution of the Swiss Confederationof 18 April 1999 (Status as of 3 March 2024)PreambleIn the name of Almighty God!The Swiss People and the Cantons,mindful of their responsibility towards creation,resolved to renew their alliance so as to strengthen liberty, democracy, independence and peace in a spirit of solidarity and openness towards the world,determined to live together with mutual consideration and respect for their diversity,conscious of their common achievements and their responsibility towards future generations,and in the knowledge that only those who use their freedom remain free, and that the strength of a people is measured by the well-being of its weakest members,adopt the following Constitution: Adopted by the popular vote on 18 April 1999 (FedD of 18 Dec. 1998, FCD of 11 Aug. 1999; AS 1999 2556; BBl 1997 I 1, 1999 162 5986).Title 1  General ProvisionsArt. 1 The Swiss ConfederationThe People and the Cantons of Zurich, Bern, Lucerne, Uri, Schwyz, Obwalden and Nidwalden, Glarus, Zug, Fribourg, Solothurn, Basel Stadt and Basel Landschaft, Schaffhausen, Appenzell Ausserrhoden and Appenzell Innerrhoden, St. Gallen, Graubünden, Aargau, Thurgau, Ticino, Vaud, Valais, Neuchâtel, Geneva, and Jura form the Swiss Confederation.Art. 2 Aims The Swiss Confederation shall protect the liberty and rights of the people and safeguard the independence and security of the country. It shall promote the common welfare, sustainable development, internal cohesion and cultural diversity of the country. It shall ensure the greatest possible equality of opportunity among its citizens. It is committed to the long term preservation of natural resources and to a just and peaceful international order.Art. 3 CantonsThe Cantons are sovereign except to the extent that their sovereignty is limited by the Federal Constitution. They exercise all rights that are not vested in the Confederation.Art. 4 National languagesThe National Languages are German, French, Italian, and Romansh.Art. 5 Rule of law All activities of the state are based on and limited by law. State activities must be conducted in the public interest and be proportionate to the ends sought. State institutions and private persons shall act in good faith. The Confederation and the Cantons shall respect international law.Art. 5a SubsidiarityThe principle of subsidiarity must be observed in the allocation and performance of state tasks. Adopted by the popular vote on 28 Nov. 2004, in force since 1 Jan. 2008 (FCD of 3 Oct. 2003, FCD of 26 Jan. 2005, FCD of 7 Nov. 2007; AS 2007 5765; BBl 2002 2291, 2003 6591, 2005 951).Art. 6 Individual and collective responsibilityAll individuals shall take responsibility for themselves and shall, according to their abilities, contribute to achieving the tasks of the state and society.Title 2  Fundamental Rights, Citizenship and Social GoalsChapter 1  Fundamental RightsArt. 7 Human dignityHuman dignity must be respected and protected.Art. 8 Equality before the law Every person is equal before the law. No person may be discriminated against, in particular on grounds of origin, race, gender, age, language, social position, way of life, religious, ideological, or political convictions, or because of a physical, mental or psychological disability. Men and women have equal rights. The law shall ensure their equality, both in law and in practice, most particularly in the family, in education, and in the workplace. Men and women have the right to equal pay for work of equal value. The law shall provide for the elimination of inequalities that affect persons with disabilities.Art. 9 Protection against arbitrary conduct and principle of good faithEvery person has the right to be treated by state authorities in good faith and in a non-arbitrary manner.Art. 10 Right to life and to personal freedom Every person has the right to life. The death penalty is prohibited. Every person has the right to personal liberty and in particular to physical and mental integrity and to freedom of movement. Torture and any other form of cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment are prohibited.Art. 10a Ban on covering the face* No person may cover their face in public spaces or in places that are accessible to the public or where services are offered to anyone wishing to partake of them; the ban does not apply to places of worship. No person may force another person to cover their face on the grounds of their sex. The law shall provide for exceptions. These may only be justified on the grounds of health, safety, weather conditions or local custom. Adopted by the popular vote on 7 March 2021, in force since 7 March 2021  (FedD of 19 June 2020, FCD of 31 May 2021 – AS 2021 310; BBl 2017 6447;  2019 2913; 2020 5507; 2021 1185). With transitional provision.Art. 11 Protection of children and young people Children and young people have the right to the special protection of their integrity and to the encouragement of their development. They may personally exercise their rights to the extent that their power of judgement allows.Art. 12 Right to assistance when in needPersons in need and unable to provide for themselves have the right to assistance and care, and to the financial means required for a decent standard of living.Art. 13 Right to privacy Every person has the right to privacy in their private and family life and in their home, and in relation to their mail and telecommunications. Every person has the right to be protected against the misuse of their personal data.Art. 14 Right to marry and to have a familyThe right to marry and to have a family is guaranteed.Art. 15 Freedom of religion and conscience Freedom of religion and conscience is guaranteed. Every person has the right to choose freely their religion or their philosophical convictions, and to profess them alone or in community with others. Every person has the right to join or to belong to a religious community, and to follow religious teachings. No person may be forced to join or belong to a religious community, to participate in a religious act, or to follow religious teachings.Art. 16 Freedom of expression and of information Freedom of expression and of information is guaranteed. Every person has the right freely to form, express, and impart their opinions. Every person has the right freely to receive information to gather it from generally accessible sources and to disseminate it.Art. 17 Freedom of the media Freedom of the press, radio and television and of other forms of dissemination of features and information by means of public telecommunications is guaranteed. Censorship is prohibited. The protection of sources is guaranteed.Art. 18 Freedom to use any languageThe freedom to use any language is guaranteed.Art. 19 Right to basic educationThe right to an adequate and free basic education is guaranteedArt. 20 Academic freedomFreedom of research and teaching is guaranteed.Art. 21 Freedom of artistic expressionFreedom of artistic expression is guaranteed.Art. 22 Freedom of assembly Freedom of assembly is guaranteed. Every person has the right to organise meetings and to participate or not to participate in meetings.Art. 23 Freedom of association Freedom of association is guaranteed. Every person has the right to form, join or belong to an association and to participate in the activities of an association. No person may be compelled to join or to belong to an association.Art. 24 Freedom of domicile Swiss citizens have the right to establish their domicile anywhere in the country. They have the right to leave or to enter Switzerland.Art. 25 Protection against expulsion, extradition and deportation Swiss citizens may not be expelled from Switzerland and may only be extradited to a foreign authority with their consent. Refugees may not be deported or extradited to a state in which they will be persecuted. No person may be deported to a state in which they face the threat of torture or any other form of cruel or inhumane treatment or punishment.Art. 26 Guarantee of ownership The right to own property is guaranteed. The compulsory purchase of property and any restriction on ownership that is equivalent to compulsory purchase shall be compensated in full.Art. 27 Economic freedom Economic freedom is guaranteed. Economic freedom includes in particular the freedom to choose an occupation as well as the freedom to pursue a private economic activity.Art. 28 Right to form professional associations Employees, employers and their organisations have the right to join together in order to protect their interests, to form associations and to join or not to join such associations. Disputes must wherever possible be resolved through negotiation or mediation. Strikes and lock outs are permitted if they relate to employment relations and if they do not contravene any requirements to preserve peaceful employment relations or to conduct conciliation proceedings. The law may prohibit certain categories of person from taking strike action.Art. 29 General procedural guarantees Every person has the right to equal and fair treatment in judicial and administrative proceedings and to have their case decided within a reasonable time. Each party to a case has the right to be heard. Any person who does not have sufficient means has the right to free legal advice and assistance unless their case appears to have no prospect of success. If it is necessary in order to safeguard their rights, they also have the right to free legal representation in court.Art. 29a Guarantee of access to the courtsIn a legal dispute, every person has the right to have their case determined by a judicial authority. The Confederation and the Cantons may by law preclude the determination by the courts of certain exceptional categories of case.  Adopted by the popular vote on 12 March 2000, in force since 1 Jan. 2007 (FedD of 8 Oct. 1999, FCD of 17 May 2000, FedD of 8 March 2005; AS 2002 3148, 2006 1059; BBl 1997 I 1, 1999 8633, 2000 2990, 2001 4202).Art. 30 Judicial proceedings Any person whose case falls to be judicially decided has the right to have their case heard by a legally constituted, competent, independent and impartial court. Ad hoc courts are prohibited. Unless otherwise provided by law, any person against whom civil proceedings have been raised has the right to have their case decided by a court within the jurisdiction in which they reside. Unless the law provides otherwise, court hearings and the delivery of judgments shall be in public.Art. 31 Deprivation of liberty No person may be deprived of their liberty other than in the circumstances and in the manner provided for by the law. Any person deprived of their liberty has the right to be notified without delay and in a language they can understand of the reasons for their detention and of their rights. They must be given the opportunity to exercise their rights, in particular, the right to have their next-of-kin informed. Any person in pre-trial detention has the right to be brought before a court without delay. The court decides whether the person must remain in detention or be released. Any person in pre-trial detention has the right to have their case decided within a reasonable time. Any person who has been deprived of their liberty by a body other than a court has the right to have recourse to a court at any time. The court shall decide as quickly as possible on the legality of their detention.Art. 32 Criminal proceedings Every person is presumed innocent until they have been found guilty by a legally enforceable judgment. Every accused person has the right to be notified as quickly and comprehensively as possible of the charge brought against them. They must be given the opportunity to assert their rights to a proper defence. Every convicted person has the right to have their conviction reviewed by a higher court, with the exception of cases in which the Federal Supreme Court sits at first instance.Art. 33 Right of petition Every person has the right, without prejudice, to petition the authorities. The authorities must acknowledge receipt of such petitions.Art. 34 Political rights Political rights are guaranteed. The guarantee of political rights protects the freedom of the citizen to form an opinion and to give genuine expression to his or her will.Art. 35 Upholding of fundamental rights Fundamental rights must be upheld throughout the legal system. Whoever acts on behalf of the state is bound by fundamental rights and is under a duty to contribute to their implementation. The authorities shall ensure that fundamental rights, where appropriate, apply to relationships among private persons.Art. 36 Restrictions on fundamental rights Restrictions on fundamental rights must have a legal basis. Significant restrictions must have their basis in a federal act. The foregoing does not apply in cases of serious and immediate danger where no other course of action is possible. Restrictions on fundamental rights must be justified in the public interest or for the protection of the fundamental rights of others. Any restrictions on fundamental rights must be proportionate. The essence of fundamental rights is sacrosanct.Chapter 2 Citizenship and Political RightsArt. 37 Citizenship Any person who is a citizen of a commune and of the Canton to which that commune belongs is a Swiss citizen. No person may be given preferential treatment or suffer prejudice because of their citizenship. The foregoing does not apply to regulations on political rights in citizens’ communes and corporations or to participation in the assets thereof, unless cantonal legislation provides otherwise.Art. 38 Acquisition and deprivation of citizenship The Confederation shall regulate the acquisition and deprivation of citizenship by birth, marriage or adoption. It shall also regulate the deprivation of Swiss citizenship on other grounds, together with the reinstatement of citizenship. It shall legislate on the minimum requirements for the naturalisation of foreign nationals by the Cantons and grant naturalisation permits. It shall enact simplified regulations on the naturalisation of:a. third generation immigrants;b. stateless children. Adopted by the popular vote on 12 Feb. 2017, in force since 12 Feb. 2017 (FedD of  30 Sept. 2016, FCD of 13 April 2017 – AS 2017 2643; BBl 2015 769 1327, 2017 3387).Art. 39 Exercise of political rights The Confederation shall regulate the exercise of political rights in federal matters, and the Cantons shall regulate their exercise at cantonal and communal matters. Political rights are exercised in the commune in which a citizen resides, although the Confederation and the Cantons may provide for exceptions. No person may exercise their political rights contemporaneously in more than one Canton. A Canton may provide that a person newly registered as a resident may exercise the right to vote in cantonal and communal matters only after a waiting period of a maximum of three months of permanent settlement.Art. 40 The Swiss abroad The Confederation shall encourage relations among the Swiss abroad and their relations with Switzerland. It may support organisations that pursue this objective. It shall legislate on the rights and obligations of the Swiss abroad, in particular in relation to the exercise of political rights in the Confederation, the fulfilment of the obligation to perform military or alternative service, welfare support and social security.Chapter 3 Social ObjectivesArt. 41 The Confederation and the Cantons shall, as a complement to personal responsibility and private initiative, endeavour to ensure that:a. every person has access to social security;b. every person has access to the health care that they require;c. families are protected and encouraged as communities of adults and children;d. every person who is fit to work can earn their living by working under fair conditions;e. any person seeking accommodation for themselves and their family can find suitable accommodation on reasonable terms;f. children and young people as well as persons of employable age can obtain an education and undergo basic and advanced training in accordance with their abilities;g. children and young people are encouraged to develop into independent and socially responsible people and are supported in their social, cultural and political integration and in leading healthy lives. The Confederation and Cantons shall endeavour to ensure that every person is protected against the economic consequences of old-age, invalidity, illness, accident, unemployment, maternity, being orphaned and being widowed. They shall endeavour to achieve these social objectives within the scope of their constitutional powers and the resources available to them. No direct right to state benefits may be established on the basis of these social objectives. Adopted by the popular vote on 13 Feb. 2022, in force since 13 Feb. 2022 (FedD of  1 Oct. 2021, FCD of 11 April 2022 – AS 2022 241; BBl 2019 6883; 2020 7049; 2021 2315; 2022 895).Title 3  Confederation, Cantons and CommunesChapter 1  Relations between the Confederation and the CantonsSection 1  Duties of the Confederation and the CantonsArt. 42 Duties of the Confederation The Confederation shall fulfil the duties that are assigned to it by Federal Constitution. ... Repealed by the popular vote on 28 Nov. 2004, with effect from 1 Jan. 2008 (FedD of 3 Oct. 2003, FCD of 26 Jan. 2005, FCD of 7 Nov. 2007; AS 2007 5765; BBl 2002 2291, 2003 6591, 2005 951).Art. 43 Duties of the CantonsThe Cantons decide on the duties that they must fulfil within the scope of their powers.Art. 43a Principles for the allocation and fulfilment of state tasks The Confederation only undertakes tasks that the Cantons are unable to perform or which require uniform regulation by the Confederation. The collective body that benefits from a public service bears the costs thereof. The collective body that bears the costs of a public service may decide on the nature of that service. Universally provided services must made be available to every person in a comparable manner. State tasks must be fulfilled economically and in accordance with demand. Adopted by the popular vote on 28 Nov. 2004, in force since 1 Jan. 2008 (FCD of  3 Oct 2003, FCD of 26 Jan. 2005, FCD of 7 Nov. 2007; AS 2007 5765; BBl 2002 2291, 2003 6591, 2005 951).Section 2  Cooperation between the Confederation and the CantonsArt. 44 Principles The Confederation and the Cantons shall support each other in the fulfilment of their duties and shall generally cooperate with each other. They owe each other a duty of consideration and support. They shall provide each other with administrative assistance and mutual judicial assistance. Disputes between Cantons or between Cantons and the Confederation shall wherever possible be resolved by negotiation or mediation.Art. 45 Participation in federal decision-making In the cases specified by the Federal Constitution, the Cantons shall participate in the federal decision making process, and in particular in the legislative process. The Confederation shall inform the Cantons of its intentions fully and in good time. It shall consult the Cantons where their interests are affected.Art. 46 Implementation of federal law The Cantons shall implement federal law in accordance with the Federal Constitution and federal legislation. The Confederation and the Cantons may together agree that the Cantons should achieve specific goals in the implementation of federal law and may to this end conduct programmes that receive financial support from the Confederation. The Confederation shall allow the Cantons all possible discretion to organise their own affairs and shall take account of cantonal particularities. Adopted by the popular vote on 28 Nov. 2004, in force since 1 Jan. 2008 (FCD of  3 Oct 2003, FCD of 26 Jan. 2005, FCD of 7 Nov. 2007; AS 2007 5765; BBl 2002 2291, 2003 6591, 2005 951). Adopted by the popular vote on 28 Nov. 2004, in force since 1 Jan. 2008 (FCD of  3 Oct 2003, FCD of 26 Jan. 2005, FCD of 7 Nov. 2007; AS 2007 5765; BBl 2002 2291, 2003 6591, 2005 951).Art. 47 Autonomy of the Cantons The Confederation shall respect the autonomy of the Cantons. It shall leave the Cantons sufficient tasks of their own and respect their organisational autonomy. It shall leave the Cantons with sufficient sources of finance and contribute towards ensuring that they have the financial resources required to fulfil their tasks. Adopted by the popular vote on 28 Nov. 2004, in force since 1 Jan. 2008 (FCD of  3 Oct 2003, FCD of 26 Jan. 2005, FCD of 7 Nov. 2007; AS 2007 5765; BBl 2002 2291, 2003 6591, 2005 951).Art. 48 Intercantonal agreements The Cantons may enter into agreements with each other and establish common organisations and institutions. In particular, they may jointly undertake tasks of regional importance together. The Confederation may participate in such organisations or institutions within the scope of its powers. Agreements between Cantons must not be contrary to the law, to the interests of the Confederation or to the rights of other Cantons. The Confederation must be notified of such agreements. The Cantons may by intercantonal agreement authorise intercantonal bodies to issue legislative provisions that implement an intercantonal agreement, provided the agreement:a. has been approved under the same procedure that applies to other legislation;b. determines the basic content of the provisions. The Cantons shall comply with intercantonal law. Adopted by the popular vote on 28 Nov. 2004, in force since 1 Jan. 2008 (FCD of  3 Oct 2003, FCD of 26 Jan. 2005, FCD of 7 Nov. 2007; AS 2007 5765; BBl 2002 2291, 2003 6591, 2005 951). Adopted by the popular vote on 28 Nov. 2004, in force since 1 Jan. 2008 (FCD of  3 Oct 2003, FCD of 26 Jan. 2005, FCD of 7 Nov. 2007; AS 2007 5765; BBl 2002 2291, 2003 6591, 2005 951).Art. 48a Declaration of general application and requirement of participation At the request of interested Cantons, the Confederation may declare intercantonal agreements to be generally binding or require Cantons to participate in intercantonal agreements in the following fields:a. the execution of criminal penalties and measures;b. school education in the matters specified in Article 62 paragraph 4;c. cantonal institutions of higher education;d. cultural institutions of supra-regional importance;e. waste management;f.  waste water treatment;g. urban transport;h. advanced medical science and specialist clinics;i. institutions for the rehabilitation and care of invalids. A declaration of general application is made in the form of a federal decree. The law shall specify the requirements for a declaration of general application and for a participation requirement and regulate the procedure. Adopted by the popular vote on 28 Nov. 2004, in force since 1 Jan. 2008 (FCD of  3 Oct 2003, FCD of 26 Jan. 2005, FCD of 7 Nov. 2007; AS 2007 5765; BBl 2002 2291, 2003 6591, 2005 951). Adopted by the popular vote on 21 May 2006, in force since 21 May 2006 (FedD of 16 Dec. 2005, FCD of 27 July 2006; AS 2006 3033; BBl 2005 5479 5547 7273,  2006 6725). Adopted by the popular vote on 21 May 2006, in force since 21 May 2006 (FedD of 16 Dec. 2005, FCD of 27 July 2006; AS 2006 3033; BBl 2005 5479 5547 7273,  2006 6725).Art. 49 Precedence of and compliance with federal law Federal law takes precedence over any conflicting provision of cantonal law. The Confederation shall ensure that the Cantons comply with federal law.Section 3  CommunesArt. 50 The autonomy of the communes is guaranteed in accordance with cantonal law. The Confederation shall take account in its activities of the possible consequences for the communes. In doing so, it shall take account of the special position of the cities and urban areas as well as the mountain regions.Section 4  Federal GuaranteesArt. 51 Cantonal constitutions Each Canton shall adopt a democratic constitution. This requires the approval of the People and must be capable of being revised if the majority of those eligible to vote so request. Each cantonal constitution shall require the guarantee of the Confederation. The Confederation shall guarantee a constitution provided it is not contrary to federal law.Art. 52 Constitutional order The Confederation shall protect the constitutional order of the Cantons. It shall intervene when public order in a Canton is disrupted or under threat and the Canton in question is not able to maintain order alone or with the aid of other Cantons.Art. 53 Number and territory of the Cantons The Confederation shall protect the existence and territory of the Cantons. Any change in the number of Cantons requires the consent of the citizens and the Cantons concerned together with the consent of the People and the Cantons. Any change in territory between Cantons requires the consent both of the Cantons concerned and of their citizens as well as the approval of the Federal Assembly in the form of a Federal Decree. Inter-cantonal boundary adjustments may be made by agreement between the Cantons concerned.Chapter 2  PowersSection 1  Relations with Foreign StatesArt. 54 Foreign relations Foreign relations are the responsibility of the Confederation. The Confederation shall ensure that the independence of Switzerland and its welfare is safeguarded; it shall in particular assist in the alleviation of need and poverty in the world and promote respect for human rights and democracy, the peaceful co-existence of peoples as well as the conservation of natural resources. It shall respect the powers of the Cantons and protect their interests.Art. 55 Participation of the Cantons in foreign policy decisions The Cantons shall be consulted on foreign policy decisions that affect their powers or their essential interests. The Confederation shall inform the Cantons fully and in good time and shall consult with them. The views of the Cantons are of particular importance if their powers are affected. In such cases, the Cantons shall participate in international negotiations in an appropriate manner.Art. 56 Relations between the Cantons and foreign states A Canton may conclude treaties with foreign states on matters that lie within the scope of its powers. Such treaties must not conflict with the law or the interests of the Confederation, or with the law of any other Cantons. The Canton must inform the Confederation before concluding such a treaty. A Canton may deal directly with lower ranking foreign authorities; in other cases, the Confederation shall conduct relations with foreign states on behalf of a Canton.Section 2  Security, National Defence, Civil DefenceArt. 57 Security The Confederation and the Cantons shall within the scope of their powers ensure the security of the country and the protection of the population. They shall coordinate their efforts in the area of internal security.Art. 58 Armed forces Switzerland shall have armed forces. In principle, the armed forces shall be organised as a militia. The armed forces serve to prevent war and to maintain peace; they defend the country and its population. They shall support the civilian authorities in safeguarding the country against serious threats to internal security and in dealing with exceptional situations. Further duties may be provided for by law. The deployment of the armed forces is the responsibility of the Confederation. Adopted by the popular vote on 28 Nov. 2004, in force since 1 Jan. 2008 (FCD of  3 Oct 2003, FCD of 26 Jan. 2005, FCD of 7 Nov. 2007; AS 2007 5765; BBl 2002 2291, 2003 6591, 2005 951).Art. 59 Military service and alternative service Every Swiss man is required to do military service. Alternative civilian service shall be provided for by law. Military service is voluntary for Swiss women. Any Swiss man who does not do military or alternative service is liable to pay a tax. This tax is levied by the Confederation and assessed and collected by the Cantons. The Confederation shall legislate for fair compensation for loss of income. Persons who suffer damage to their health or lose their lives while doing military or alternative civilian service are entitled to appropriate support from the Confederation, whether for themselves or for their next of kin.Art. 60 Armed forces organisation, training and equipment Armed forces legislation, together with the organisation, training and equipment of the armed forces, is the responsibility of the Confederation. ... The Confederation may, in return for appropriate compensation, take over the running of cantonal military installations Repealed by the popular vote on 28 Nov. 2004, with effect from 1 Jan. 2008 (FCD  of 3 Oct 2003, FCD of 26 Jan. 2005, FCD of 7 Nov. 2007; AS 2007 5765;  BBl 2002 2291, 2003 6591, 2005 951).Art. 61 Civil defence The legislation on the civil defence of persons and property against the effects of armed conflicts is the responsibility of the Confederation. The Confederation shall legislate on the deployment of civil defence units in the event of disasters and emergencies. It may declare civil defence service to be compulsory for men. For women, such service is voluntary. The Confederation shall legislate on fair compensation for loss of income. Persons who suffer damage to their health or lose their lives while doing civil defence service are entitled to appropriate support from the Confederation, whether for themselves or for their next of kin.Section 3  Education, Research and CultureArt. 61a Swiss Education Area The Confederation and the Cantons shall, within the scope of their powers, jointly ensure the high quality and accessibility of the Swiss Education Area. They shall coordinate their efforts and ensure their cooperation through joint administrative bodies and other measures. They shall ensure in the fulfilment of their duties that general and vocational courses of study achieve equal recognition in society. Adopted by the popular vote on 21 May 2006, in force since 21 May 2006 (FedD of 16 Dec. 2005, FCD of 27 July 2006; AS 2006 3033; BBl 2005 5479 5547 7273,  2006 6725).  Revised by the Editing Committee of the Federal Assembly, Art. 58 para. 1 ParlA (SR 171.10).Art. 62 School education* The Cantons are responsible for the system of school education. They shall ensure the provision of an adequate basic education that is available to all children. Basic education is mandatory and is managed or supervised by the state. At state schools it is free of charge. The Cantons shall ensure that adequate special needs education is provided to all children and young people with disabilities up to the age of 20. Where harmonisation of school education is not achieved by means of coordination in the areas of school entry age and compulsory school attendance, the duration and objectives of levels of education, and the transition for one level to another, as well as the recognition of qualifications, the Confederation shall issue regulations to achieve such harmonisation. The Confederation shall regulate the start of the school year. The Cantons shall participate in the drafting of federal legislation on school education that affects cantonal responsibilities, and special account shall be taken of their opinions. With transitional provision. Adopted by the popular vote on 21 May 2006, in force since 21 May 2006 (FedD of 16 Dec. 2005, FCD of 27 July 2006; AS 2006 3033; BBl 2005 5479 5547 7273,  2006 6725). Adopted by the popular vote on 28 Nov. 2004, in force since 1 Jan. 2008 (FCD of  3 Oct 2003, FCD of 26 Jan. 2005, FCD of 7 Nov. 2007; AS 2007 5765; BBl 2002 2291, 2003 6591, 2005 951). Adopted by the popular vote on 21 May 2006, in force since 21 May 2006 (FedD of 16 Dec. 2005, FCD of 27 July 2006; AS 2006 3033; BBl 2005 5479 5547 7273,  2006 6725). Adopted by the popular vote on 21 May 2006, in force since 21 May 2006 (FedD of 16 Dec. 2005, FCD of 27 July 2006; AS 2006 3033; BBl 2005 5479 5547 7273,  2006 6725). Adopted by the popular vote on 21 May 2006, in force since 21 May 2006 (FedD of 16 Dec. 2005, FCD of 27 July 2006; AS 2006 3033; BBl 2005 5479 5547 7273,  2006 6725).Art. 63 Vocational and professional education and training The Confederation shall issue regulations on vocational and professional education and training. It shall encourage the provision of a diverse and accessible range of courses in vocational and professional education and training. Adopted by the popular vote on 21 May 2006, in force since 21 May 2006 (FedD of 16 Dec. 2005, FCD of 27 July 2006; AS 2006 3033; BBl 2005 5479 5547 7273,  2006 6725).Art. 63a Higher education institutions The Confederation shall manage the Federal Institutes of Technology. It may establish, take over or manage additional universities and other higher education institutions. It shall support the cantonal universities and may make financial contributions to other higher education institutions that it recognises. The Confederation and the Cantons are jointly responsible for the coordination and guarantee of quality in Swiss higher education. In fulfilling this responsibility, they shall take account of the autonomy of the universities and the various bodies responsible for them and ensure the equal treatment of institutions with the same functions. In order to fulfil their duties, the Confederation and the Cantons shall enter into agreements and delegate certain powers to joint administrative authorities. The law shall regulate the powers that may be delegated, and determine the principles governing the organisation of and procedures for coordination. If the Confederation and the Cantons fail to reach their common goals by means of coordination, the Confederation shall issue regulations on levels of studies and the transition from one level to another, on postgraduate education and on the recognition of institutions and qualifications. In addition, the Confederation may impose standard funding principles for subsidising of universities, and may make subsidies contingent on universities sharing particularly cost-intensive activities. Adopted by the popular vote on 21 May 2006, in force since 21 May 2006 (FedD of 16 Dec. 2005, FCD of 27 July 2006; AS 2006 3033; BBl 2005 5479 5547 7273,  2006 6725).Art. 64 Research The Confederation shall promote scientific research and innovation. It may make its support conditional in particular on quality assurance and coordination being guaranteed. It may establish, take over or run research institutes. Adopted by the popular vote on 21 May 2006, in force since 21 May 2006 (FedD of 16 Dec. 2005, FCD of 27 July 2006; AS 2006 3033; BBl 2005 5479 5547 7273,  2006 6725). Adopted by the popular vote on 21 May 2006, in force since 21 May 2006 (FedD of 16 Dec. 2005, FCD of 27 July 2006; AS 2006 3033; BBl 2005 5479 5547 7273,  2006 6725).Art. 64a Continuing education and training The Confederation shall specify principles governing continuing education and training. It may promote continuing education and training. The law shall specify the fields of and the criteria for such promotion. Adopted by the popular vote on 21 May 2006, in force since 21 May 2006 (FedD of 16 Dec. 2005, FCD of 27 July 2006; AS 2006 3033; BBl 2005 5479 5547 7273,  2006 6725).Art. 65 Statistics The Confederation shall compile the necessary statistical data on the status and trends in the population, the economy, society, education, research, the land and the environment in Switzerland. It may issue regulations on the harmonisation and maintenance of official registers in order to reduce the cost of compiling data. Adopted by the popular vote on 21 May 2006, in force since 21 May 2006 (FedD of 16 Dec. 2005, FCD of 27 July 2006; AS 2006 3033; BBl 2005 5479 5547 7273,  2006 6725).Art. 66 Education grants The Confederation may contribute to cantonal expenditure on grants provided to students at universities and higher education institutions. It may encourage the intercantonal harmonisation of education grants and lay down principles for the payment of education grants. It may also supplement cantonal measures while preserving cantonal autonomy in education matters by taking its own measures to promote education. Adopted by the popular vote on 21 May 2006, in force since 21 May 2006 (FedD of 16 Dec. 2005, FCD of 27 July 2006; AS 2006 3033; BBl 2005 5479 5547 7273,  2006 6725). Adopted by the popular vote on 21 May 2006, in force since 21 May 2006 (FedD of 16 Dec. 2005, FCD of 27 July 2006; AS 2006 3033; BBl 2005 5479 5547 7273,  2006 6725).Art. 67 Encouragement of children and young people In fulfilling their duties, the Confederation and Cantons shall take account of the special need of children and young people to receive encouragement and protection. The Confederation may supplement cantonal measures by supporting extra-curricular work with children and young people. Adopted by the popular vote on 21 May 2006, in force since 21 May 2006 (FedD of 16 Dec. 2005, FCD of 27 July 2006; AS 2006 3033; BBl 2005 5479 5547 7273,  2006 6725). Adopted by the popular vote on 21 May 2006, in force since 21 May 2006 (FedD of 16 Dec. 2005, FCD of 27 July 2006; AS 2006 3033; BBl 2005 5479 5547 7273,  2006 6725).Art. 67a Musical education The Confederation and Cantons shall encourage musical education, in particular that of children and young people. They shall endeavour within the scope of their powers to ensure high-quality music teaching in schools. If the Cantons are unable to harmonise the goals of music teaching in schools by means of coordination, the Confederation shall issue the required regulations. In consultation with the Cantons, the Confederation shall set out principles to help young people to engage in musical activities and to encourage musically gifted persons. Adopted by the popular vote on 23 Sept. 2012, in force since 23 Sept. 2012 (FedD of 15 March 2012, FCD of 29 Jan. 2013; AS 2013 435; BBl 2009 613, 2010 1, 2012 3443 6899, 2013 1135).Art. 68 Sport The Confederation shall encourage sport, and in particular education in sport. It shall operate a sports school. It may issue regulations on sport for young people and declare the teaching of sport in schools to be compulsory.Art. 69 Culture Cultural matters are a cantonal responsibility. The Confederation may support cultural activities of national interest as well as art and music, in particular in the field of education. In the fulfilment of its duties, it shall take account of the cultural and linguistic diversity of the country.Art. 70 Languages The official languages of the Confederation are German, French and Italian. Romansh is also an official language of the Confederation when communicating with persons who speak Romansh. The Cantons shall decide on their official languages. In order to preserve harmony between linguistic communities, the Cantons shall respect the traditional territorial distribution of languages and take account of indigenous linguistic minorities. The Confederation and the Cantons shall encourage understanding and exchange between the linguistic communities. The Confederation shall support the plurilingual Cantons in the fulfilment of their special duties. The Confederation shall support measures by the Cantons of Graubünden and Ticino to preserve and promote the Romansh and the Italian languages.Art. 71 Cinema The Confederation may encourage Swiss film production and film culture. It may issue regulations to promote the diversity and the quality of the cinematographic works that are offered.Art. 72 Church and state The regulation of the relationship between the church and the state is the responsibility of the Cantons. The Confederation and the Cantons may within the scope of their powers take measures to preserve public peace between the members of different religious communities. The construction of minarets is prohibited. Adopted by the popular vote on 29 Nov. 2009, in force since 29 Nov. 2009 (FedD of 12 June 2009, FCD of 5 May 2010; AS 2010 2161; BBl 2008 6851 7603, 2009 4381, 2010 3437).Section 4  Environment and Spatial PlanningArt. 73 Sustainable developmentThe Confederation and the Cantons shall endeavour to achieve a balanced and sustainable relationship between nature and its capacity to renew itself and the demands placed on it by the population.Art. 74 Protection of the environment The Confederation shall legislate on the protection of the population and its natural environment against damage or nuisance. It shall ensure that such damage or nuisance is avoided. The costs of avoiding or eliminating such damage or nuisance are borne by those responsible for causing it. The Cantons are responsible for the implementation of the relevant federal regulations, except where the law reserves this duty for the Confederation.Art. 75 Spatial planning The Confederation shall lay down principles on spatial planning. These principles are binding on the Cantons and serve to ensure the appropriate and economic use of the land and its properly ordered settlement. The Confederation shall encourage and coordinate the efforts of the Cantons and shall cooperate with them. Confederation and Cantons shall take account of the requirements of spatial planning in fulfilling their duties.Art. 75a National Land Survey The National Land Survey is the responsibility of the Confederation. The Confederation shall issue regulations on official surveying. It may issue regulations on the harmonisation of official information relating to the land. Adopted by the popular vote on 28 Nov. 2004, in force since 1 Jan. 2008 (FCD of  3 Oct 2003, FCD of 26 Jan. 2005, FCD of 7 Nov. 2007; AS 2007 5765; BBl 2002 2291, 2003 6591, 2005 951).Art. 75b Second homes* No more than 20 per cent of the total stock of residential units and the gross residential floor area in any commune may be used as second homes. The law shall require communes to publish their first home percentage plan and a detailed report on its implementation every year. Adopted by the popular vote on 11 March 2012, in force since 11 March 2012 (FedD of 17 June 2011, FCD of 20 June 2012; AS 2012 3627; BBl 2008 1113 8757, 2011 4825, 2012 6623). With transitional provision.Art. 76 Water The Confederation shall within the scope of its powers ensure the economic use and the protection of water resources and provide protection against the harmful effects of water. It shall lay down principles on the conservation and exploitation of water resources, the use of water for the production of energy and for cooling purposes, as well as on other measures affecting the water-cycle. It shall legislate on water protection, on ensuring appropriate residual flow, on hydraulic engineering and the safety of dams, and on measures that influence precipitation. The Cantons shall manage their water resources. They may levy charges for the use of water, subject to the limits imposed by federal legislation. The Confederation has the right to use water for its transport operations subject to payment of a charge and compensation. The Confederation, in consultation with the Cantons concerned, shall decide on rights to international water resources and the charges for them. If Cantons are unable to agree on rights to intercantonal water resources, the Confederation shall decide. The Confederation shall take account of the concerns of the Cantons where the water originates in fulfilling its duties.Art. 77 Forests The Confederation shall ensure that the forests are able to fulfil their protective, commercial and public amenity functions. It shall lay down principles on the protection of the forests. It shall encourage measures for the conservation of the forests.Art. 78 Protection of natural and cultural heritage The protection of natural and cultural heritage is the responsibility of the Cantons. In the fulfilment of its duties, the Confederation shall take account of concerns for the protection of natural and cultural heritage. It shall protect the countryside and places of architectural, historical, natural or cultural interest; it shall preserve such places intact if required to do so in the public interest. It may support efforts made for the protection of natural and cultural heritage and acquire or preserve properties of national importance by contract or through compulsory purchase. It shall legislate on the protection of animal and plant life and on the preservation of their natural habitats and their diversity. It shall protect endangered species from extinction. Moors and wetlands of special beauty and national importance shall be preserved. No buildings may be built on them and no changes may be made to the land, except for the construction of facilities that serve the protection of the moors or wetlands or their continued use for agricultural purposes.Art. 79 Fishing and huntingThe Confederation shall lay down principles on fishing and hunting and in particular on the preservation of the diversity of fish species, wild mammals and birds.Art. 80 Protection of animals The Confederation shall legislate on the protection of animals. It shall in particular regulate:a. the keeping and care of animals;b. experiments on animals and procedures carried out on living animals;c. the use of animals;d. the import of animals and animal products;e. the trade in animals and the transport of animals;f. the killing of animals. The enforcement of the regulations is the responsibility of the Cantons, except where the law reserves this to the Confederation.Section 5  Public Construction Works and TransportArt. 81 Public Construction WorksThe Confederation may in the interests of the country as a whole or a large part of it carry out and operate public construction works, or provide support for such construction works.Art. 81a Public transport The Confederation and the Cantons shall ensure that an adequate range of public transport services is provided on rail, roads, water and by cableway in all regions of the country. In doing so, appropriate account must be taken of the interests of rail freight transport. The costs of public transport shall be covered to an appropriate extent by the prices paid by users. Adopted by the popular vote on 9 Feb. 2014, in force since 1 Jan. 2016 (FedD of 20 June 2013, FCD of 13 May 2014, FCD of 2 June 2014, FCD of 6 June 2014;  AS 2015 645; BBl 2010 6637, 2012 1577, 2013 4725 6518, 2014 4113 4117).Art. 82 Road transport The Confederation shall legislate on road transport. It shall exercise oversight over roads of national importance; it may decide which transit roads must remain open to traffic. Public roads may be used free of charge. The Federal Assembly may authorise exceptions.Art. 83 Road infrastructure The Confederation and the cantons shall ensure that there is adequate road infrastructure in all regions of the country.2 The Confederation shall ensure the construction of a network of national highways and guarantee that they remain useable. It shall construct, operate and maintain the national highways. It shall bear the costs thereof. It may assign this task wholly or partly to public or private bodies or combined public-private bodies. Adopted by the popular vote on 12 Feb. 2017, in force since 1 Jan. 2018 (FedD of  30 Sept. 2016, FCD of 10 Nov. 2016 – AS 2017 6731; BBl 2015 2065, 2016 7587,  2017 3387).Art. 84 Alpine transit traffic* The Confederation shall protect the Alpine region from the negative effects of transit traffic. It shall limit the nuisance caused by transit traffic to a level that is not harmful to people, animals and plants or their habitats. Transalpine goods traffic shall be transported from border to border by rail. The Federal Council shall take the measures required. Exceptions are permitted only when there is no alternative. They must be specified in detail in a federal act. The capacity of the transit routes in the Alpine region may not be increased. This does not apply to by-pass roads that reduce the level of transit traffic in towns and villages. With transitional provisionArt. 85 Heavy vehicle charge* The Confederation may levy a capacity or mileage-related charge on heavy vehicle traffic where such traffic creates public costs that are not covered by other charges or taxes. The net revenue from the charge shall be used to cover the costs incurred in connection with overland transport. The Cantons are entitled to a share of the net revenue. In the assessment of the shares allocated, the particular consequences that levying the charge have for mountainous and remote regions shall be taken into account. With transitional provision Adopted by the popular vote on 9 Feb. 2014, in force since 1 Jan. 2016 (FedD of 20 June 2013, FCD of 13 May 2014, FCD of 2 June 2014, FCD of 6 June 2014;  AS 2015 645; BBl 2010 6637, 2012 1577, 2013 4725 6518, 2014 4113 4117).Art. 85a Charge for using the national highwaysThe Confederation shall levy a charge for the use of the national highways by motor vehicles and trailers that are not liable to pay the heavy vehicle charge. Adopted by the popular vote on 12 Feb. 2017, in force since 1 Jan. 2018 (FedD of  30 Sept. 2016, FCD of 10 Nov. 2016 – AS 2017 6731; BBl 2015 2065, 2016 7587,  2017 3387).Art. 86 Use of charges for tasks and costs in connection with road transport* A fund shall be set up to finance the national highways and contributions towards measures to improve the road transport infrastructure in cities and urban areas. The following monies shall be allocated to the fund:a. the net proceeds of the national highways charge in accordance with Article 85a;b. the net proceeds of the special consumption tax in accordance with Article 131 paragraph 1 letter d;c. the net proceeds of the surcharge in accordance with Article 131 paragraph 2 letter a;d. the net proceeds of the charge in accordance with Article 131 paragraph 2 letter b;e. a percentage of the net proceeds from the consumption tax on all motor fuels, with the exception of aviation fuels, in accordance with Article 131 paragraph 1 letter e; this shall amount to 9 per cent each of the net proceeds under letter c and 9 per cent of one half of the net proceeds of the consumption tax on all motor fuels, with the exception of aviation fuels, but no more than 310 million francs per year; the indexation of this amount shall be regulated by law;f. in general, 10 per cent of the net proceeds of consumption tax on all motor fuels, with the exception of aviation fuels, in accordance with Article 131 paragraph 1 letter e;g. the proceeds to cover additional expenditure on new sections of the national highways from the special finance programme in accordance with paragraph 3 letter g and from contributions made by the Cantons:h. other monies allocated by law in connection with road transport. A special finance programme shall be administered for the following tasks and costs in connection with road transport:a. contributions towards measures to promote combined transport and the transport of motor vehicles and drivers;b. contributions towards the cost of main roads;c. contributions towards protective structures to prevent natural disasters and measures to protect the environment and countryside from the effects of road traffic;d. general contributions towards the costs incurred by the Cantons for roads open to motor vehicles;e. contributions to Cantons without national highways;f. research and administration;g. contributions to the fund in accordance with paragraph 2 letter g. The special finance programme shall be allocated one half of the net proceeds of the consumption tax on all motor fuels, with the exception of aviation fuels, in accordance with Article 131 paragraph 1 letter e, under deduction of the monies under paragraph 2 letter e. Where the special finance programme has a proven need and in order to form appropriate reserves in the special finance programme, proceeds from the consumption tax in accordance with Article 131 paragraph 1 letter d shall be allocated to the special finance programme instead of the fund. Adopted by the popular vote on 12 Feb. 2017, in force since 1 Jan. 2018, para. 2 let. g and 3 let. g in force since 1 Jan. 2020 (FedD of 30 Sept. 2016, FCD of 10 Nov. 2016 – AS 2017 6731; BBl 2015 2065, 2016 7587, 2017 3387). With transitional provision.Art. 87 Railways and other modes of transport*The legislation on rail transport, cableways, shipping, aviation and space travel is the responsibility of the Confederation.  With transitional provisionArt. 87a Railway infrastructure* The Confederation shall bear the principal burden of financing railway infrastructure. Railway infrastructure shall be financed from a fund. The following resources shall be allocated to the fund:a. a maximum of two thirds of the revenue from the heavy vehicle charge under Article 85;b. the revenue from the increase in value added tax under Article 130 paragraph 3;c. 2.0 per cent of the receipts from the direct federal taxation of private individuals;d. 2,300 million francs each year from the general federal budget; the indexation of this amount shall be regulated by law. The Cantons shall participate appropriately in the financing of railway infrastructure. The details shall be regulated by law. The law may provide for additional financing from third parties. Adopted by the popular vote on 9 Feb. 2014, in force since 1 Jan. 2016 (FedD of 20 June 2013, FCD of 13 May 2014, FCD of 2 June 2014, FCD of 6 June 2014;  AS 2015 645; BBl 2010 6637, 2012 1577, 2013 4725 6518, 2014 4113 4117). With transitional provision.Art. 87b Use of charges for tasks and costs in connection with air trafficOne half of the net proceeds of the consumption tax on aviation fuels and the surcharge on the consumption tax on aviation fuels shall be used for the following tasks and costs in connection with air traffic:a. contributions towards environmental protection measures made necessary by air traffic;b. contributions towards security measures to protect against unlawful acts against air traffic, and in particular against terrorist attacks and the hijacking of aircraft, insofar as such measures are not the responsibility of national authorities;c. contributions towards measures to ensure a high technical level of safety in air traffic. Adopted by the popular vote on 12 Feb. 2017, in force since 1 Jan. 2018 (FedD of  30 Sept. 2016, FCD of 10 Nov. 2016 – AS 2017 6731; BBl 2015 2065, 2016 7587,  2017 3387).Art. 88 Footpaths, hiking trails and cycle paths The Confederation shall lay down principles with regard to the network of footpaths, hiking trails and cycle paths. It may support and coordinate measures by the cantons and third parties to construct and maintain such networks and to provide information about them. In doing so, it shall respect the powers of the cantons. It shall take account of these networks in the fulfilment of its duties. It shall replace paths and trails that it has to close. Adopted by the popular vote on 23 Sept. 2018, in force since 23 Sept. 2018 (FedD of  13 March 2018, FCD of 21 Jan. 2019 – AS 2019 525; BBl 2016 1791, 2017 5901,  2018 1859, 2019 1311).Section 6  Energy and CommunicationsArt. 89 Energy policy Within the scope of their powers, the Confederation and Cantons shall endeavour to ensure a sufficient, diverse, safe, economic and environmentally sustainable energy supply as well as the economic and efficient use of energy. The Confederation shall establish principles on the use of local and renewable energy sources and on the economic and efficient use of energy. The Confederation shall legislate on the use of energy by installations, vehicles and appliances. It shall encourage the development of energy technologies, in particular in the fields of saving energy and the renewable energy sources. The Cantons shall be primarily responsible for measures relating to the use of energy in buildings. The Confederation shall take account in its energy policy of the efforts made by the Cantons, the communes and the business community; it shall take account of the conditions in the individual regions of the country and the limitations of what is economically feasible.Art. 90 Nuclear energy*The Confederation is responsible for legislation in the field of nuclear energy.  With transitional provisionArt. 91 Transport of energy The Confederation shall legislate on the transport and the supply of electrical energy. The Confederation is responsible for legislation on transmission and distribution systems for the transport of liquid or gaseous fuels.Art. 92 Postal and telecommunications services The Confederation is responsible for postal and telecommunications services. The Confederation shall ensure the adequate, universal and reasonably priced provision of postal and telecommunications services in all regions of the country. The rates shall be fixed according to standard principles.Art. 93 Radio and television The Confederation is responsible for legislation on radio and television as well as on other forms of public broadcasting of features and information. Radio and television shall contribute to education and cultural development, to the free shaping of opinion and to entertainment. They shall take account of the particularities of the country and the needs of the Cantons. They shall present events accurately and allow a diversity of opinions to be expressed appropriately. The independence of radio and television as well as their autonomy in deciding on programming is guaranteed. Account must be taken of the role and duties of other media, in particular the press. Complaints about programmes may be submitted to an independent complaints authority.Section 7  The EconomyArt. 94 Principles of the economic system The Confederation and the Cantons shall abide by the principle of economic freedom. They shall safeguard the interests of the Swiss economy as a whole and, together with the private sector, shall contribute to the welfare and economic security of the population. They shall endeavour within the scope of their powers to create favourable general conditions for the private sector. Any divergence from the principle of economic freedom, and in particular measures designed to restrain competition, shall be permitted only if they are provided for in the Federal Constitution or based on cantonal monopoly rights.Art. 95 Professional activities in the private sector* The Confederation may legislate on professional activities in the private sector. It shall seek to create a unified Swiss economic area. It shall guarantee that persons with an academic qualification or with a federal or cantonal educational qualification or an educational qualification recognised by a Canton are able to practise their profession throughout Switzerland. For the protection of the economy, private property and shareholders, and to guarantee sustainable corporate governance, the law shall regulate Swiss companies limited by shares listed on stock exchanges in Switzerland or abroad in accordance with the following principles:a. the general meeting votes on an annual basis on the total amount of all remuneration (money and the value of benefits in kind) given to the board of directors, the executive board and the board of advisors. It elects on an annual basis the president of the board of directors, the individual members of the board of directors and the remuneration committee, and the independent representatives of voting rights. Pension funds vote in the interests of their insured members and disclose how they have voted. Shareholders may vote remotely online; they may not be represented by a governing officer of the company or by a custodian bank;b. the governing officers may not be given severance or similar payments, advance payments, bonuses for company purchases and sales, additional contracts as consultants to or employees of other companies in the group. The management of the company may not be delegated to a legal entity;c. the articles of association regulate the amount of credits, loans and pensions payable to governing officers, their profit-sharing and equity participation plans and the number of mandates they may accept outside the group, as well as the duration of employment contracts of members of the executive board;d. persons violating the provisions under letters a-c are liable to a custodial sentence not exceeding three years and to a monetary penalty not exceeding six times their annual remuneration. With transitional provision Adopted by the popular vote on 3 March 2013, in force since 3 March 2013 (FCD of 15 Nov. 2012 and 30 April 2013; AS 2013 1303; BBl 2006 8755, 2008 2577, 2009 299, 2012 9219, 2013 3129).Art. 96 Competition policy The Confederation shall legislate against the damaging effects in economic or social terms of cartels and other restraints on competition. It shall take measures:a. to prevent abuses in price maintenance by dominant undertakings and private and public law organisations;b. against unfair competition.Art. 97 Consumer protection The Confederation shall take measures to protect consumers. It shall legislate on the legal remedies available to consumer organisations. These organisations shall have the same rights under the federal legislation on unfair competition as professional and trade associations. The Cantons shall provide a conciliation procedure or a simple and rapid court procedure for claims of up to a certain sum. The Federal Council determines this sum.Art. 98 Banks and insurance companies The Confederation shall legislate on the banking and stock exchange system; in doing so, it shall take account of the special function and role of the cantonal banks. It may legislate on financial services in other fields. It shall legislate on private insurance.Art. 99 Monetary policy The Confederation is responsible for money and currency; the Confederation has the exclusive right to issue coins and banknotes. The Swiss National Bank, as an independent central bank, shall pursue a monetary policy that serves the overall interests of the country; it shall be administered with the cooperation and under the supervision of the Confederation. The Swiss National Bank shall create sufficient currency reserves from its revenues; part of these reserves shall be held in gold. A minimum of two thirds of the net profits made by the Swiss National Bank shall be allocated to the Cantons.Art. 100 Economic policy The Confederation shall take measures to achieve balanced economic development, and in particular to prevent and combat unemployment and inflation. It shall take account of economic development in individual regions of the country. It shall cooperate with the Cantons and the business community. In the field of money and banking, in foreign economic affairs and in the field of public finance, the Confederation may if necessary depart from the principle of economic freedom. The Confederation, the Cantons and the communes shall take account of the economic situation in their revenue and expenditure policies. To stabilise the economic situation, the Confederation may temporarily levy surcharges or grant rebates on federal taxes and duties. The accumulated funds must be held in reserve; following their release, direct taxes shall be individually refunded, and indirect taxes used to grant rebates or to create jobs. The Confederation may oblige businesses to accumulate reserves for the creation of jobs; it shall for this purpose grant tax concessions and may require the Cantons to do the same. Following the release of the reserves, businesses shall be free to decide how the funds are applied within the scope of the uses permitted by law.Art. 101 Foreign economic policy The Confederation shall safeguard the interests of the Swiss economy abroad. In special cases, it may take measures to protect the domestic economy. In doing so, it may if necessary depart from the principle of economic freedom.Art. 102 National economic supply* The Confederation shall ensure that the country is supplied with essential goods and services in the event of the threat of politico-military strife or war, or of severe shortages that the economy cannot by itself counteract. It shall take precautionary measures to address these matters. In exercising its powers under this Article, it may if necessary depart from the principle of economic freedom.  With transitional provisionArt. 103 Structural policy*The Confederation may support regions of the country that are under economic threat and promote specific economic sectors and professions, if reasonable self-help measures are insufficient to ensure their existence. In exercising its powers under this Article, it may if necessary depart from the principle of economic freedom.  With transitional provisionArt. 104 Agriculture The Confederation shall ensure that the agricultural sector, by means of a sustainable and market oriented production policy, makes an essential contribution towards:a. the reliable provision of the population with foodstuffs;b. the conservation of natural resources and the upkeep of the countryside;c. decentralised population settlement of the country. In addition to the self-help measures that can reasonably be expected in the agriculture sector and if necessary in derogation from the principle of economic freedom, the Confederation shall support farms that cultivate the land. The Confederation shall organise measures in such a manner that the agricultural sector fulfils its multi-functional duties. It has in particular the following powers and duties:a. supplementing revenues from agriculture by means of direct subsidies in order to achieve of fair and adequate remuneration for the services provided, subject to proof of compliance with ecological requirements;b. encouraging by means of economically advantageous incentives methods of production that are specifically near-natural and respectful of both the environment and livestock;c. legislating on declarations of origin, quality, production methods and processing procedures for foodstuffs;d. protecting the environment against the detrimental effects of the excessive use of fertilisers, chemicals and other auxiliary agents;e. at its discretion, encouraging agricultural research, counselling and education and subsidise investments;f. at its discretion, legislating on the consolidation of agricultural property holdings. For these purposes, the Confederation shall provide both funds earmarked for the agricultural sector and general federal funds.Art. 104a Food securityIn order to guarantee the supply of food to the population, the Confederation shall create the conditions required for:a.  safeguarding the basis for agricultural production, and agricultural land in particular;b.  food production that is adapted to local conditions and which uses natural resources efficiently;c.  an agriculture and food sector that responds to market requirements;d.  cross-border trade relations that contribute to the sustainable development of the agriculture and food sector;e.  using food in a way that conserves natural resources. Adopted by the popular vote on 24. Sept. 2017, in force since 24 Sept. 2017 (FedD of  14 March 2017, FCD of 30 Nov. 2017 – AS 2017 6735; BBl 2014 6135, 2015 5753,  2017 2495 7829).Art. 105 AlcoholThe legislation on the manufacture, import, rectification and sale of alcohol obtained by distillation is the responsibility of the Confederation. The Confederation shall in particular take account of the harmful effects of alcohol consumption.Art. 106 Gambling The Confederation shall legislate on gambling; in doing so it shall take account of cantonal interests. A licence from the Confederation is required in order to establish and operate a casino. In granting such a licence, the Confederation shall take account of regional circumstances. It shall levy a revenue-related tax on casinos; this tax must not exceed 80 per cent of the gross revenues from gambling. It shall be used to fund the Old-age, Survivors’ and Invalidity Insurance. The cantons are responsible for granting licences for and supervising the following:a. gambling activities that are available to an unlimited number of people, are offered at more than one location and which are based on the same random draw or a similar procedure; the foregoing does not apply to the jackpot systems in casinos;b. betting on sports;c. games of skill. Paragraphs 2 and 3 also apply to telecommunications-based gambling. The Confederation and the cantons shall take account of the dangers of gambling. They shall ensure that appropriate protection is provided through legislation and supervisory measures and in doing so shall take account of the different characteristics of the games and the form and location of the gambling opportunity offered. The cantons shall ensure that the net revenues from gambling in accordance with paragraph 3 letters a and b are used in their entirety for charitable purposes, in particular in the fields of culture, social projects and sport. The Confederation and the cantons shall coordinate their efforts to fulfil their tasks. To this end the law shall establish a joint body, one half of whose members shall be from the federal implementing bodies and the other half from the cantonal implementing bodies. Adopted by the popular vote on 11 March 2012, in force since 11 March 2012 (FedD of 29 Sept. 2011, FCD of 20 June 2012; AS 2012 3629; BBl 2009 7019, 2010 7961,  2012 6623).Art. 107 Weapons and war material The Confederation shall legislate against misuse of weapons and their accessories and ammunition. It shall legislate on the manufacture, procurement and sale of war material as well as the import, export and transit of such material.Section 8  Housing, Employment, Social Security and HealthArt. 108 Construction of housing and home ownership The Confederation shall encourage the construction of housing, the acquisition of the ownership of apartments and houses for the personal use of private individuals, as well as the activities of developers and organisations involved in the construction of public utility housing. It shall encourage in particular the acquisition and development of land for the construction of housing, increased efficiency in construction and the reduction of construction and housing costs. It may legislate on the development of land for housing construction and on increasing the efficiency of construction. In doing so, it shall take particular account of the interests of families, elderly persons, persons on low incomes and persons with disabilities.Art. 109 Landlord and tenant The Confederation shall legislate against abuses in tenancy matters, and in particular against unfair rents, as well as on the procedure for challenging unlawfully terminated leases and the limited extension of leases. It may legislate to declare framework leases to be generally applicable. Such leases may be declared generally applicable only if they take appropriate account of the justified interests of minorities and regional particularities, and respect the principle of equality before the law.Art. 110 Employment* The Confederation may legislate on:a. employee protection;b. relations between employer and employee, and in particular on common regulations on operational and professional matters;c. recruitment services;d. the declaration of collective employment agreements to be generally applicable. Collective employment agreements may be declared generally applicable only if they take appropriate account of the justified interests of minorities and regional particularities, and they respect the principle of equality before the law and the right to form professional associations. August 1 is the National Day of the Swiss Confederation. In terms of employment law, it is regarded as equivalent to a Sunday, with equivalent rights to pay. With transitional provisionArt. 111 Old-age, survivors’ and invalidity pension provision The Confederation shall take measures to ensure adequate financial provision for the elderly, surviving spouses and children, and persons with disabilities. These shall be based on three pillars, namely the Federal Old-age, Survivors’ and Invalidity Insurance, the occupational pension scheme and private pension schemes. The Confederation shall ensure that the Federal Old-age, Survivors’ and Invalidity Insurance and the occupational pension scheme are able to fulfil their purpose at all times. It may require the Cantons to exempt institutions of the Federal Old-age, Survivors’ and Invalidity Insurance and the occupational pension scheme from liability to pay tax and to grant insured persons and their employers tax relief on contributions and reversionary rights. In cooperation with the Cantons, it shall encourage private pension schemes, in particular through measures relating to taxation policy and the policy of promoting property ownership.Art. 112 Old-Age, Survivors’ and Invalidity Insurance* The Confederation shall legislate on the Old-Age, Survivors’ and Invalidity Insurance. In doing so, it shall adhere to the following principles:a. the insurance is compulsory;a. it provides cash and non-cash benefits;b. pensions must be sufficient to cover basic living expenses adequately;c. the maximum pension must not be more than twice the minimum pension;d. pensions must as a minimum be adjusted in line with price trends. The insurance is funded:a. through contributions from those insured, whereby employers must pay one half of the contributions payable by their employees;b. through subsidies from the Confederation. The subsidies from the Confederation may not exceed one half of the disbursements made under the scheme.. The subsidies from the Confederation shall in the first place be funded from the net proceeds of the tax on tobacco, the tax on distilled spirits and the tax on the revenues from gaming houses. ... With transitional provision. Adopted by the popular vote on 28 Nov. 2004, in force since 1 Jan. 2008 (FCD of 3 Oct. 2003, FCD of 26 Jan. 2005, FCD of 7 Nov. 2007; AS 2007 5765; BBl 2002 2291, 2003 6591, 2005 951). Adopted by the popular vote on 28 Nov. 2004, in force since 1 Jan. 2008 (FCD of 3 Oct. 2003, FCD of 26 Jan. 2005, FCD of 7 Nov. 2007; AS 2007 5765; BBl 2002 2291, 2003 6591, 2005 951). Adopted by the popular vote on 28 Nov. 2004, in force since 1 Jan. 2008 (FCD of 3 Oct. 2003, FCD of 26 Jan. 2005, FCD of 7 Nov. 2007; AS 2007 5765; BBl 2002 2291, 2003 6591, 2005 951). Repealed by the popular vote on 28 Nov. 2004, with effect from 1 Jan. 2008 (FCD of  3 Oct 2003, FCD of 26 Jan. 2005, FCD of 7 Nov. 2007; AS 2007 5765; BBl 2002 2291, 2003 6591, 2005 951).Art. 112a Supplementary benefits Confederation and Cantons shall pay supplementary benefits to people whose basic living expenses are not covered by benefits under the Old-age, Survivors and Invalidity Insurance. The law determines the extent of the supplementary benefits as well as the tasks and responsibilities of the Confederation and Cantons. Adopted by the popular vote on 28 Nov. 2004, in force since 1 Jan. 2008 (FCD of 3 Oct. 2003, FCD of 26 Jan. 2005, FCD of 7 Nov. 2007; AS 2007 5765; BBl 2002 2291, 2003 6591, 2005 951).Art. 112b Promoting the rehabilitation of people eligible for invalidity benefits* The Confederation shall encourage the rehabilitation of people eligible for invalidity benefits by providing cash and non-cash benefits. For this purpose, it may use resources from the Invalidity Insurance. The Cantons shall encourage the rehabilitation of people eligible for invalidity benefits, in particular through contributions to the construction and running of institutions that provide accommodation and work. The law determines the goals of rehabilitation and the principles and criteria. Adopted by the popular vote on 28 Nov. 2004, in force since 1 Jan. 2008 (FCD of  3 Oct 2003, FCD of 26 Jan. 2005, FCD of 7 Nov. 2007; AS 2007 5765; BBl 2002 2291, 2003 6591, 2005 951). With transitional provision.Art. 112c Aid for elderly people and people with disabilities* The Cantons shall provide for assistance and care in the home for elderly people and people with disabilities. The Confederation shall support national efforts for the benefit of elderly people and people with disabilities. For this purpose, it may use resources from the Old-age, Survivors and Invalidity Insurance. Adopted by the popular vote on 28 Nov. 2004, in force since 1 Jan. 2008 (FCD of  3 Oct 2003, FCD of 26 Jan. 2005, FCD of 7 Nov. 2007; AS 2007 5765; BBl 2002 2291, 2003 6591, 2005 951). With transitional provision.Art. 113 Occupational pension scheme* The Confederation shall legislate for an occupational pension scheme. In doing so, it shall adhere to the following principles:a. the occupational pension scheme, together with the Old-age, Survivors’ and Invalidity Insurance, enables the insured person to maintain his or her previous lifestyle in an appropriate manner.b. the occupational pension scheme is compulsory for employees; the law may provide for exceptions.c. employers shall insure their employees with a pension institution; if required, the Confederation shall make it possible for employees to be insured with a federal pension institution.d. self-employed persons may insure themselves on a voluntary basis with a pension institution.e. for specific groups of self-employed persons, the Confederation may declare the occupational pension scheme to be compulsory, either in general terms or for individual risks only. The occupation pension scheme is funded from the contributions of those insured, whereby employers must pay a minimum of one half of the contributions of their employees. Pension schemes must satisfy the minimum requirements under federal law; the Confederation may provide for national measures to resolve particular difficulties.  With transitional provisionArt. 114 Unemployment insurance The Confederation shall legislate on unemployment insurance. In doing so, it shall adhere to the following principles:a. the insurance guarantees appropriate compensation for loss of earnings and supports measures to prevent and combat unemployment;b. the insurance is compulsory for employees; the law may provide for exceptions;c. self-employed persons may insure themselves voluntarily. The insurance is funded by the contributions from those insured, whereby one half of the contributions of employees shall be paid by their employers. Confederation and Cantons shall provide subsidies in extraordinary circumstances. The Confederation may enact regulations on social assistance for the unemployed.Art. 115 Support for persons in needPersons in need shall be supported by their Canton of residence. The Confederation regulates exceptions and powers.Art. 116 Child allowances and maternity insurance In the fulfilment of its duties, the Confederation shall take account of the needs of families. It may support measures for the protection of families. It may issue regulations on child allowances and operate a federal family allowances compensation fund. It shall establish a maternity insurance scheme. It may also require persons who cannot benefit from that insurance to make contributions. The Confederation may declare participation in a family allowances compensation fund and the maternity insurance scheme to be compulsory, either in general terms or for individual sections of the population, and make its subsidies dependent on appropriate subsidies being made by the Cantons.Art. 117 Health and accident insurance The Confederation shall legislate on health and accident insurance. It may declare health and the accident insurance to be compulsory, either in general terms or for individual sections of the population.Art. 117a Primary medical care The Confederation and the Cantons shall within the scope of their powers ensure the adequate provision of high quality primary medical care that is accessible to all. They shall recognise and promote family medicine as an essential component of primary care. The Confederation shall legislate on:a. basic and continuing education and training for family medicine professions and the requirements for practising these professions;b. appropriate remuneration for family medicine services. Adopted by the popular vote on 18 May 2014, in force since 18 May 2014 (FedD of 19 Sept. 2013, FCD of 18 Aug. 2014; AS 2014 2769; BBl 2010 2939, 2011 7553,  2013 7347, 2014 6349).Art. 117b Nursing care* The Confederation and Cantons shall recognise and promote nursing care as an important component of health care and shall ensure that sufficient provision of high-quality nursing care is accessible to all. They ensure that a sufficient number of qualified nurses are available to meet the increasing demand and that persons working in nursing are deployed in accordance with their training and skills. Adopted by the popular vote on 28 Nov. 2021, in force since 28 Nov. 2021 (FedD of 18 June 2021, FCD of 11 April 2022 – AS 2022 240; BBl 2017 7724, 2018 7653, 2021 1488, 2022 894). With transitional provision.Art. 118 Health protection The Confederation shall, within the scope of its powers, take measures for the protection of health. It shall legislate on:a. the use of foodstuffs as well as therapeutic products, narcotics, organisms, chemicals and items that may be dangerous to health;b. the combating of communicable, widespread or particularly dangerous human and animal diseases; it shall in particular prohibit any form of advertising for tobacco products from reaching children and adolescents;*c. protection against ionising radiation. Adopted by the popular vote on 13 Feb. 2022, in force since 13 Feb. 2022 (FedD of 1 Oct. 2021, FCD of 11 April 2022 – AS 2022 241; BBl 2019 6883; 2020 7049; 2021 2315; 2022 895). With transitional provision.Art. 118a Complementary medicineThe Confederation and the Cantons shall within the scope of their powers ensure that consideration is given to complementary medicine.  Adopted by the popular vote on 17 May 2009, in force since 17 May 2009 (FedD of 3 Oct. 2008, FCD of 21 Oct. 2009; AS 2009 5325; BBl 2005 6001, 2006 7591,  2008 8229, 2009 7539).Art. 118b Research on human beings The Confederation shall legislate on research on human beings where this is required in order to protect their dignity and privacy. In doing so, it shall preserve the freedom to conduct research and shall take account of the importance of research to health and society. The Confederation shall adhere to the following principles in relation to biological and medical research involving human beings:a. It is a requirement for any research project that the participants or their legal representatives have given their informed consent. The law may provide for exceptions. A refusal is binding in every case.b. The risks and stress for the participants must not be disproportionate to the benefits of the research project.c. A research project involving persons lacking the capacity to consent may be conducted only if findings of equal value cannot be obtained from research involving persons who have the capacity to consent. If the research project is not expected to bring any immediate benefit to the persons lacking the capacity to consent, the risks and stress must be minimal.d. An independent assessment of the research project must have determined that the safety of the participants is guaranteed. Adopted by the popular vote on 7 March 2010, in force since 7 March 2010 (FedD of 25 Sept. 2009, FCD of 15 April 2010; AS 2010 1569; BBl 2007 6713, 2009 6649,  2010 2625).Art. 119 Reproductive medicine and gene technology involving human beings Human beings shall be protected against the misuse of reproductive medicine and gene technology. The Confederation shall legislate on the use of human reproductive and genetic material. In doing so, it shall ensure the protection of human dignity, privacy and the family and shall adhere in particular to the following principles:a. All forms of cloning and interference with the genetic material of human reproductive cells and embryos are unlawful.b. Non-human reproductive and genetic material may neither be introduced into nor combined with human reproductive material.c. The procedures for medically-assisted reproduction may be used only if infertility or the risk of transmitting a serious illness cannot otherwise be overcome, but not in order to conceive a child with specific characteristics or to further research; the fertilisation of human egg cells outside a woman’s body is permitted only under the conditions laid down by the law; no more human egg cells may be developed into embryos outside a woman’s body than are required for medically-assisted reproduction.d. The donation of embryos and all forms of surrogate motherhood are unlawful.e. The trade in human reproductive material and in products obtained from embryos is prohibited.f. The genetic material of a person may be analysed, registered or made public only with the consent of the person concerned or if the law so provides.g. Every person shall have access to data relating to their ancestry. Adopted by the popular vote on 14 June 2015, in force since 14 June 2015 (FedD of 12 Dec. 2014, FCD of 21 Aug. 2015; AS 2015 2887; BBl 2013 5853, 2014 9675,  2015 6313).Art. 119a Transplant medicine The Confederation shall legislate in the field of organ, tissue and cell transplants. In doing so, it shall ensure the protection of human dignity, privacy and health. It shall in particular lay down criteria for the fair allocation of organs. Any donation of human organs, tissue and cells must be free of charge. The trade in human organs is prohibited.  Adopted by the popular vote on 7 Feb. 1999, in force since 1 Jan 2000 (FedD of 26 June 1998, FCD of 23 March 1999; AS 1999 1341; BBl 1997 III 653, 1998 3473,  1999 2912 8768).Art. 120 Non-human gene technology* Human beings and their environment shall be protected against the misuse of gene technology. The Confederation shall legislate on the use of reproductive and genetic material from animals, plants and other organisms. In doing so, it shall take account of the dignity of living beings as well as the safety of human beings, animals and the environment, and shall protect the genetic diversity of animal and plant species.  With transitional provisionSection 9  Residence and Permanent Settlement of Foreign NationalsArt. 121 Legislation on foreign nationals and asylum*  The Confederation is responsible for legislation on entry to and exit from Switzerland, the residence and the permanent settlement of foreign nationals and on the granting of asylum. Foreign nationals may be expelled from Switzerland if they pose a risk to the security of the country. Irrespective of their status under the law on foreign nationals, foreign nationals shall lose their right of residence and all other legal rights to remain in Switzerland if they:a. are convicted with legal binding effect of an offence of intentional homicide, rape or any other serious sexual offence, any other violent offence such as robbery, the offences of trafficking in human beings or in drugs, or a burglary offence; orb. have improperly claimed social insurance or social assistance benefits. The legislature shall define the offences covered by paragraph 3 in more detail. It may add additional offences. Foreign nationals who lose their right of residence and all other legal rights to remain in Switzerland in accordance with paragraphs 3 and 4 must be deported from Switzerland by the competent authority and must be made subject to a ban on entry of from 5–15 years. In the event of reoffending, the ban on entry is for 20 years. Any person who fails to comply with the ban on entry or otherwise enters Switzerland illegally commits an offence. The legislature shall issue the relevant provisions. With transitional provision. Adopted by the popular vote on 9 Feb. 2014, in force since 9 Feb. 2014 (FedD of 27 Sept. 2013, FCD of 13 May 2014; AS 2014 1391; BBl 2011 6269, 2012 3869,  2013 291 7351, 2014 4117). Adopted by the popular vote on 28 Nov. 2010, in force since 28 Nov. 2010 (FedD of 18 June 2010, FCD of 17 March 2011; AS 2011 1199; BBl 2008 1927, 2009 5097,  2010 4241, 2011 2771). Adopted by the popular vote on 28 Nov. 2010, in force since 28 Nov. 2010 (FedD of 18 June 2010, FCD of 17 March 2011; AS 2011 1199; BBl 2008 1927, 2009 5097,  2010 4241, 2011 2771). Adopted by the popular vote on 28 Nov. 2010, in force since 28 Nov. 2010 (FedD of 18 June 2010, FCD of 17 March 2011; AS 2011 1199; BBl 2008 1927, 2009 5097,  2010 4241, 2011 2771). Adopted by the popular vote on 28 Nov. 2010, in force since 28 Nov. 2010 (FedD of 18 June 2010, FCD of 17 March 2011; AS 2011 1199; BBl 2008 1927, 2009 5097,  2010 4241, 2011 2771).Art. 121a Control of immigration* Switzerland shall control the immigration of foreign nationals autonomously. The number of residence permits for foreign nationals in Switzerland shall be restricted by annual quantitative limits and quotas. The quantitative limits apply to all permits issued under legislation on foreign nationals, including those related to asylum matters. The right to permanent residence, family reunification and social benefits may be restricted. The annual quantitative limits and quotas for foreign nationals in gainful employment must be determined according to Switzerland's general economic interests, while giving priority to Swiss citizens; the limits and quotas must include cross-border commuters. The decisive criteria for granting residence permits are primarily a application from an employer, ability to integrate, and adequate, independent means of subsistence. No international agreements may be concluded that breach this Article. The law shall regulate the details. Adopted by the popular vote on 9 Feb. 2014, in force since 9 Feb. 2014 (FedD of 27 Sept. 2013, FCD of 13 May 2014; AS 2014 1391; BBl 2011 6269, 2012 3869,  2013 291 7351, 2014 4117). With transitional provision.Section 10  Civil Law, Criminal Law, Weights and MeasuresArt. 122 Civil law The Confederation is responsible for legislation in the field of civil law and the law of civil procedure. The Cantons are responsible for the organisation of the courts and the administration of justice in civil matters, unless the law provides otherwise. Adopted by the popular vote on 12 March 2000, in force since 1 Jan. 2007 (FedD of 8 Oct. 1999, FCD of 17 May 2000, FedD of 8 March 2005; AS 2002 3148, 2006 1059; BBl 1997 I 1, 1999 8633, 2000 2990, 2001 4202).Art. 123 Criminal law The Confederation is responsible for legislation in the field of criminal law and the law of criminal procedure. The Cantons are responsible for the organisation of the courts, the administration of justice in criminal cases as well as for the execution of penalties and measures, unless the law provides otherwise. The Confederation may issue regulations on the execution of penalties and measures. It may grant subsidies to the Cantons for:a. the construction of penal institutions;b. improvements in the execution of penalties and measures;c. institutions that conduct educative measures for the benefit of children, adolescents and young adults. Adopted by the popular vote on 12 March 2000, in force since 1 April 2003 (FCD of 8 Oct. 1999, FCD of 17 May 2000, FCD of 24 Sept. 2002; AS 2002 3148; BBl 1997 I 1, 1999 8633, 2000 2990, 2001 4202). Adopted by the popular vote on 28 Nov. 2004, in force since 1 Jan. 2008 (FCD of  3 Oct 2003, FCD of 26 Jan. 2005, FCD of 7 Nov. 2007; AS 2007 5765; BBl 2002 2291, 2003 6591, 2005 951).Art. 123a If a sex offender or violent offender is regarded in the reports required for sentencing as being extremely dangerous and his or her condition assessed as untreatable, he or she must be incarcerated until the end of his or her life due to the high risk of reoffending. Early release and release on temporary licence are not permitted. Only if new scientific findings prove that the offender can be cured and thus no longer represents a danger to the public can new reports be drawn up. If the offender is released on the basis of these new reports, the authorities granting his or her release must accept liability if he reoffends. All reports assessing sex offenders or violent offenders must be drawn up by at least two experienced specialists who are independent of each other. The reports must take account of all the principles that are important for the assessment. Adopted by the popular vote on 8 Feb. 2004, in force since 8 Feb. 2004 (FedD of 20 June 2003, FCD of 21 April 2004; AS 2004 2341; BBl 2000 3336, 2001 3433,  2003 4434, 2004 2199).Art. 123b No time limit for the right to prosecute or for penalties for sexual or pornography offences involving prepubescent childrenThe right to prosecute sexual or pornography offences involving prepubescent children and the penalties for such offences is not subject to a time limit. Adopted by the popular vote on 30 Nov. 2008, in force since 30 Nov. 2008 (FedD of 13 June 2008, FCD of 23 Jan. 2009; AS 2009 471; BBl 2006 3657, 2007 5369,  2008 5245, 2009 605).Art. 123c Measure relating to sexual offences involving children or persons who are incapable of judgement or resistancePersons convicted of harming the sexual integrity of a child or of a dependent person shall permanently lose the right to carry on a profession or voluntary activity involving minors or dependent persons. Adopted by the popular vote on 18 May 2014, in force since 18 May 2014 (FCD of 20 Feb. 2014; AS 2014 2771; BBl 2009 7021, 2011 4435, 2012 8819, 2014 6349 1779).Art. 124 Victim supportThe Confederation and the Cantons shall ensure that persons who have suffered harm to their physical, mental or sexual integrity as the result of a criminal act receive support and are adequately compensated if they experience financial difficulties as a result of that criminal act.Art. 125 Weights and measuresThe Confederation is responsible for legislation on weights and measures.Chapter 3  Financial SystemArt. 126 Financial management The Confederation shall maintain its income and expenditure in balance over time. The ceiling for total expenditure that is to be approved in the budget is based on the expected income after taking account of the economic situation. Exceptional financial requirements may justify an appropriate increase in the ceiling in terms of paragraph 2. The Federal Assembly shall decide on any increase in accordance with Article 159 paragraph 3 letter c. If the total expenditure in the federal accounts exceeds the ceiling in terms of paragraphs 2 or 3, compensation for this additional expenditure must be made in subsequent years. The details are regulated by law.  Adopted by the popular vote on 2 Dec. 2001, in force since 2 Dec. 2001 (FedD of 22 June 2001, FCD of 4 Feb. 2002; AS 2002 241; BBl 2000 4653, 2001 2387 2878,  2002 1209).Art. 127 Principles of taxation The main structural features of any tax, in particular those liable to pay tax, the object of the tax and its assessment, are regulated by law. Provided the nature of the tax permits it, the principles of universality and uniformity of taxation as well as the principle of taxation according to ability to pay are applied. Intercantonal double taxation is prohibited. The Confederation shall take the measures required.Art. 128 Direct taxes* The Confederation may levy a direct tax:a. of a maximum of 11.5 per cent on the income of private individuals;b. of a maximum of 8.5 per cent of the net profit of legal entities;c. ... The Confederation, in fixing the taxation rates, shall take account of the burden of direct taxation imposed by the Cantons and communes. In relation to the tax on the income of private individuals, regular revisions shall be made to compensate for the consequences of an increased tax burden due to inflation. The tax is assessed and collected by the Cantons. A minimum of 17 per cent of the gross revenue from taxation is allocated to the Cantons. This share may be reduced to 15 per cent if the consequences of financial equalisation so require.  With transitional provision Adopted by the popular vote on 28 Nov. 2004, in force since 1 Jan. 2007 (FedD of 19 March 2004, FCD of 26 Jan. 2005, FCD of 2 Feb. 2006; AS 2006 1057;  BBl 2003 1531, 2004 1363, 2005 951). Repealed by the popular vote on 28 Nov. 2004, with effect from 1 Jan. 2007 (FedD of 19 March 2004, FCD of 26 Jan. 2005, FCD of 2 Feb. 2006; AS 2006 1057;  BBl 2003 1531, 2004 1363, 2005 951). Adopted by the popular vote on 28 Nov. 2004, in force since 1 Jan. 2008 (FCD of  3 Oct 2003, FCD of 26 Jan. 2005, FCD of 7 Nov. 2007; AS 2007 5765; BBl 2002 2291, 2003 6591, 2005 951).Art. 129 Tax harmonisation The Confederation shall set out principles on the harmonisation of the direct taxes imposed by the Confederation, the Cantons and the communes; it shall take account of the efforts towards harmonisation made by the Cantons. Harmonisation shall extend to tax liability, the object of the tax and the tax period, procedural law and the law relating to tax offences. Matters excluded from harmonisation shall include in particular tax scales, tax rates and tax allowances. The Confederation may issue regulations to prevent unjustified tax benefits.Art. 129a Special taxation of large corporate groups The Confederation may issue regulations for large corporate groups on being taxed in the market state and on a minimum rate of tax. In doing so, it shall be guided by international standards und model regulations. In order to safeguard the interests of the Swiss economy as a whole, it may derogate from:a. the principles of universality and uniformity of taxation and the principle of taxation according to ability to pay in accordance with Article 127 paragraph 2;b. the maximum tax rates in accordance with Article 128 paragraph 1; c. the regulations on enforcement in accordance with the first sentence of Article 128 paragraph 4;d. the matters excluded from tax harmonisation in accordance with the second sentence of Article 129 paragraph 2. Adopted by the popular vote on 18 June 2023, in force since 1 Jan. 2024  (FedD of 16 Dec. 2022, FCD of 12 April 2023, FCD of 28 Aug. 2023 – AS 2023 482; BBl 2022 1700; 2023 970, 2015).Art. 130 Value added tax The Confederation may levy value added tax on the supply of goods, on services, including goods and services for personal use, and on imports, at a standard rate of a maximum of 6.5 per cent and at a reduced rate of at least 2.0 per cent. The law may provide for the taxation of accommodation services at a rate between the reduced rate and the standard rate. If, due to demographic changes, the funding of the Old-Age, Survivors’ and Invalidity Insurance is no longer guaranteed, the standard rate may be increased by federal act by a maximum of 1 percentage point and the reduced rate by a maximum of 0.3 of a percentage point. In order to finance railway infrastructure, the rates shall be increased by 0.1 of a percentage point. In order to safeguard funding for the Old-Age and Survivors’ Insurance, the Federal Council shall raise the standard rate by 0.4 of a percentage point, and the reduced rate and special rate for accommodation services each by 0.1 of a percentage point, provided the principle of standardising the reference age for men and women in the Old-Age and Survivors’ Insurance is enshrined in law. The entire revenue from the increase in accordance with paragraph 3 shall be allocated to the Compensation Fund for the Old-Age and Survivors’ Insurance. 5 per cent of the non-earmarked revenues shall be used to reduce the health insurance premiums of persons on low incomes, unless an alternative method of assisting such persons is provided for by law. Adopted by the popular vote on 28 Nov. 2004, in force since 1 Jan. 2007 (FedD of 19 March 2004, FCD of 26 Jan. 2005, FCD of 2 Feb. 2006; AS 2006 1057;  BBl 2003 1531, 2004 1363, 2005 951). With transitional provision The legislature has made use of this power; see Art. 25 para. 4 of the Value Added Tax Act of 12 June 2009 (SR 641.20), under which the rate of value added tax amounts to 3.8% (special rate for accommodation services). The legislature has made use of this power; see Art. 25 para. 1 and 2 of the Value Added Tax Act of 12 June 2009 (SR 641.20) under which the rates of value added tax amounts to 8.1% (standard rate) and 2.6% (reduced rate). Adopted by the popular vote on 9 Feb. 2014, in force since 1 Jan. 2016 (FedD of 20 June 2013, FCD of 13 May 2014, FCD of 2 June 2014, FCD of 6 June 2014;  AS 2015 645; BBl 2010 6637, 2012 1577, 2013 4725 6518, 2014 4113 4117). Adopted by the popular vote on 25 Sept. 2022, in force since 1 Jan. 2024  (FedD of 17 Dec. 2021, FCD of 9 Dec. 2022, FCD of 20 Feb. 2023 – AS 2023 91; BBl 2019 6305; 2021 2991; 2023 486). Adopted by the popular vote on 25 Sept. 2022, in force since 1 Jan. 2024  (FedD of 17 Dec. 2021, FCD of 9 Dec. 2022, FCD of 20 Feb. 2023 – AS 2023 91; BBl 2019 6305; 2021 2991; 2023 486).Art. 131 Special consumption taxes* The Confederation may level special consumption taxes on:a. tobacco and tobacco products;b. distilled spirits;c. beer;d. automobiles and their parts;e. petroleum, other mineral oils, natural gas and products obtained by refining these resources, as well as on motor fuels. It may also levy:a. a surcharge on the consumption tax on motor fuels with the exception of aviation fuels;b. a charge that applies when motor vehicles are powered by means other than motor fuels in accordance with paragraph 1 letter e. If the monies are insufficient to carry out the tasks provided for under Article 87b in connection with air traffic, the Confederation shall levy a surcharge on the consumption tax on aviation fuels. The Cantons shall receive ten per cent of the net proceeds from the taxation of distilled spirits. These funds must be used to fight the causes and effects of substance addiction. With transitional provision Adopted by the popular vote on 12 Feb. 2017, in force since 1 Jan. 2018 (FedD of  30 Sept. 2016, FCD of 10 Nov. 2016 – AS 2017 6731; BBl 2015 2065, 2016 7587,  2017 3387). Adopted by the popular vote on 12 Feb. 2017, in force since 1 Jan. 2018 (FedD of  30 Sept. 2016, FCD of 10 Nov. 2016 – AS 2017 6731; BBl 2015 2065, 2016 7587,  2017 3387).Art. 132 Stamp duty and withholding tax The Confederation may levy a stamp duty on securities, on receipts for insurance premiums and on other commercial deeds; deeds relating to property and mortgage transactions are exempt from stamp duty. The Confederation may levy a withholding tax on income from moveable capital assets, on lottery winnings and on insurance benefits. 10 per cent of the tax revenue shall be allocated to the Cantons. Adopted by the popular vote on 28 Nov. 2004, in force since 1 Jan. 2008 (FCD of  3 Oct 2003, FCD of 26 Jan. 2005, FCD of 7 Nov. 2007; AS 2007 5765; BBl 2002 2291, 2003 6591, 2005 951).Art. 133 Customs dutiesThe Confederation is responsible for legislation on customs duties and other duties on the cross-border movement of goods.Art. 134 Exclusion of cantonal and communal taxationAnything that is declared by federal legislation to be subject to, or exempt from value added tax, special consumption taxes, stamp duty or withholding tax may not be made liable to similar taxes by the Cantons or communes.Art. 135 Equalisation of financial resources and burdens The Confederation shall issue regulations on the equitable equalisation of financial resources and burdens between the Confederation and the Cantons as well as among the Cantons. The equalisation of financial resources and burdens is intended in particular to:a. reduce the differences in financial capacity among the Cantons;b. guarantee the Cantons a minimum level of financial resources;c. compensate for excessive financial burdens on individual Cantons due to geo-topographical or socio-demographic factors;d. encourage intercantonal cooperation on burden equalisation;e. maintain the tax competitiveness of the Cantons by national and international comparison. The funds for the equalisation of financial resources shall be provided by those Cantons with a higher level of resources and by the Confederation. The payments made by those Cantons with a higher level of resources shall amount to a minimum of two thirds and a maximum of 80 per cent of the payments made by the Confederation. Adopted by the popular vote on 28 Nov. 2004, in force since 1 Jan. 2008 (FCD of  3 Oct 2003, FCD of 26 Jan. 2005, FCD of 7 Nov. 2007; AS 2007 5765; BBl 2002 2291, 2003 6591, 2005 951).Title 4  The People and the CantonsChapter 1  General ProvisionsArt. 136 Political rights All Swiss citizens over the age of eighteen, unless they lack legal capacity due to mental illness or mental incapacity, have political rights in federal matters. All citizens have the same political rights and duties. They may participate in elections to the National Council and in federal popular votes, and launch or sign popular initiatives and requests for referendums in federal matters.Art. 137 Political partiesThe political parties shall contribute to forming the opinion and will of the People.Chapter 2  Initiative and ReferendumArt. 138 Popular initiative requesting the total revision of the Federal Constitution Any 100,000 persons eligible to vote may within 18 months of the official publication of their initiative propose a total revision of the Federal Constitution. This proposal must be submitted to a vote of the People.  Adopted by the popular vote on 9 Feb. 2003, in force since 1 Aug. 2003 (FedD of 4 Oct. 2002, FCD of 25 March 2003, FedD of 19 June 2003; AS 2003 1949;  BBl 2001 4803 6080, 2002 6485, 2003 3111 3954 3960).Art. 139 Popular initiative requesting a partial revision of the Federal Constitution in specific terms Any 100,000 persons eligible to vote may within 18 months of the official publication of their initiative request a partial revision of the Federal Constitution. A popular initiative for the partial revision of the Federal Constitution may take the form of a general proposal or of a specific draft of the provisions proposed. If the initiative fails to comply with the requirements of consistency of form, and of subject matter, or if it infringes mandatory provisions of international law, the Federal Assembly shall declare it to be invalid in whole or in part. If the Federal Assembly is in agreement with an initiative in the form of a general proposal, it shall draft the partial revision on the basis of the initiative and submit it to the vote of the People and the Cantons. If the Federal Assembly rejects the initiative, it shall submit it to a vote of the People; the People shall decide whether the initiative should be adopted. If they vote in favour, the Federal Assembly shall draft the corresponding bill. An initiative in the form of a specific draft shall be submitted to the vote of the People and the Cantons. The Federal Assembly shall recommend whether the initiative should be adopted or rejected. It may submit a counter-proposal to the initiative. Adopted by the popular vote on 27 Sept. 2009, in force since 27 Sept. 2009 (FedD of 19 Dec. 2008, FCD of 1 Dec. 2009; AS 2009 6409; BBl 2008 2891 2907, 2009 13 8719).Art. 139a Adopted by the popular vote on 9 Feb. 2003 (FedD of 4 Oct. 2002, FCD of 25 March 2003; AS 2003 1949; BBl 2001 4803 6080, 2002 6485, 2003 3111). Repealed in the Popular Vote on 27 Sept. 2009, with effect from 27 Sept. 2009 (FedD of  19 Dec. 2008, FCD of 1 Dec. 2009; AS 2009 6409; BBl 2008 2891 2907, 2009 13 8719). This article in its version in the FedD of 4 Oct. 2002 never came into force.Art. 139b Procedure applicable to an initiative and counter-proposal The People vote on the initiative and the counter-proposal at the same time. The People may vote in favour of both proposals. In response to the third question, they may indicate the proposal that they prefer if both are accepted. If in response to the third question one proposal to amend the Constitution receives more votes from the People and the other more votes from the Cantons, the proposal that comes into force is that which achieves the higher sum if the percentage of votes of the People and the percentage of votes of the Cantons in the third question are added together. Adopted by the popular vote on 9 Feb. 2003, para. 2 und 3 in force since 1 Aug. 2003 (FedD of 4 Oct. 2002, FCD of 25 March 2003, FedD of 19 June 2003; AS 2003 1949; BBl 2001 4803 6080, 2002 6485, 2003 3111 3954 3960). Para. 1 in its version in the FedD of 4 Oct. 2002 never came into force. Adopted by the popular vote on 27 Sept. 2009, in force since 27 Sept. 2009 (FedD of 19 Dec. 2008, FCD of 1 Dec. 2009; AS 2009 6409; BBl 2008 2891 2907, 2009 13 8719).Art. 140 Mandatory referendum The following must be put to the vote of the People and the Cantons:a. amendments to the Federal Constitution;b. accession to organisations for collective security or to supranational communities;c. emergency federal acts that are not based on a provision of the Constitution and whose term of validity exceeds one year; such federal acts must be put to the vote within one year of being passed by the Federal Assembly. The following are submitted to a vote of the People:a.popular initiatives for a total revision of the Federal Constitution;a. ...b. popular initiatives for a partial revision of the Federal Constitution in the form of a general proposal that have been rejected by the Federal Assembly;c. the question of whether a total revision of the Federal Constitution should be carried out, in the event that there is disagreement between the two Councils. Adopted by the popular vote on 9 Feb. 2003 (FedD of 4 Oct. 2002, FCD of 25 March 2003; AS 2003 1949; BBl 2001 4803 6080, 2002 6485, 2003 3111). Repealed in the Popular Vote on 27 Sept. 2009, with effect from 27 Sept. 2009 (FedD of  19 Dec. 2008, FCD of 1 Dec. 2009; AS 2009 6409; BBl 2008 2891 2907, 2009 13 8719). This let. in its version of FedD of 4 Oct. 2002 never came into force. Adopted by the popular vote on 27 Sept. 2009, in force since 27 Sept. 2009 (FedD of 19 Dec. 2008, FCD of 1 Dec. 2009; AS 2009 6409; BBl 2008 2891 2907, 2009 13 8719).Art. 141 Optional referendum If within 100 days of the official publication of the enactment any 50,000 persons eligible to vote or any eight Cantons request it, the following shall be submitted to a vote of the People:a. federal acts;b. emergency federal acts whose term of validity exceeds one year;c. federal decrees, provided the Constitution or an act so requires;d. international treaties that:1. are of unlimited duration and may not be terminated,2. provide for accession to an international organisation,3. contain important legislative provisions or whose implementation requires the enactment of federal legislation. ... Adopted by the popular vote on 9 Feb. 2003, in force since 1 Aug. 2003 (FedD of  4 Oct. 2002, FCD of 25 March 2003, FedD of 19 June 2003; AS 2003 1949;  BBl 2001 4803 6080, 2002 6485, 2003 3111 3954 3960).  Adopted by the popular vote on 9 Feb. 2003, in force since 1 Aug. 2003 (FedD of  4 Oct. 2002, FCD of 25 March 2003, FedD of 19 June 2003; AS 2003 1949;  BBl 2001 4803 6080, 2002 6485, 2003 3111 3954 3960).  Repealed by the popular vote on 9 Feb. 2003, with effect from 1 Aug. 2003 (FedD of 4 Oct. 2002, FCD of 25. March 2003, FedD of 19 June 2003; AS 2003 1949;  BBl 2001 4803 6080, 2002 6485, 2003 3111 3954 3960).Art. 141a Implementation of international treaties If the decision on ratification of an international treaty is subject to a mandatory referendum, the Federal Assembly may incorporate in the decision on ratification the amendments to the Constitution that provide for the implementation of the treaty. If the decision on ratification of an international treaty is subject to an optional referendum, the Federal Assembly may incorporate in the decision on ratification the amendments to the law that provide for the implementation of the treaty.  Adopted by the popular vote on 9 Feb. 2003, in force since 1 Aug. 2003 (FedD of  4 Oct. 2002, FCD of 25 March 2003, FedD of 19 June 2003; AS 2003 1949;  BBl 2001 4803 6080, 2002 6485, 2003 3111 3954 3960).Art. 142 Required majorities Proposals that are submitted to the vote of the People are accepted if a majority of those who vote approve them. Proposals that are submitted to the vote of the People and Cantons are accepted if a majority of those who vote and a majority of the Cantons approve them. The result of a popular vote in a Canton determines the vote of the Canton. The Cantons of Obwalden, Nidwalden, Basel-Stadt, Basel-Landschaft, Appenzell Ausserrhoden and Appenzell Innerrhoden each have half a cantonal vote.Title 5  Federal AuthoritiesChapter 1  General ProvisionsArt. 143 Eligibility for electionAny person eligible to vote may be elected to the National Council, the Federal Council or the Federal Supreme Court.Art. 144 Incompatibility No member of the National Council, of the Council of States, of the Federal Council or judge of the Federal Supreme Court may at the same time be a member of any other of these bodies. No member of the Federal Council or full-time judges of the Federal Supreme Court may hold any other federal or cantonal office or undertake any other gainful economic activity. The law may provide for further forms of incompatibility.Art. 145 Term of officeThe members of the National Council and of the Federal Council as well as the Federal Chancellor are elected for a term of office of four years. Judges of the Federal Supreme Court have a term of office of six years.Art. 146 State liabilityThe Confederation shall be liable for damage or loss unlawfully caused by its organs in the exercise of official activities.Art. 147 Consultation procedureThe Cantons, the political parties and interested groups shall be invited to express their views when preparing important legislation or other projects of substantial impact as well as in relation to significant international treaties.Chapter 2  Federal AssemblySection 1  OrganisationArt. 148 Status Subject to the rights of the People and the Cantons, the Federal Assembly is the supreme authority of the Confederation. The Federal Assembly comprises two chambers, the National Council and the Council of States; both chambers shall be of equal standing.Art. 149 Composition and election of the National Council The National Council is composed of 200 representatives of the People. The representatives are elected directly by the People according to a system of proportional representation. A general election is held every four years. Each Canton constitutes an electoral constituency. The seats are allocated to the Cantons according to their relative populations. Each Canton has at least one seat.Art. 150 Composition and election of the Council of States The Council of States is composed of 46 representatives of the Cantons. The Cantons of Obwalden, Nidwalden, Basel-Stadt, Basel-Landschaft, Appenzell Ausserrhoden and Appenzell Innerrhoden each elect one representative; the other Cantons each elect two representatives. The Cantons determine the rules for the election of their representatives to the Council of States.Art. 151 Sessions The Councils convene in session regularly. The convening of sessions is governed by law. The Federal Council or one quarter of the members of either Council may request that the Councils be convened for an extraordinary session.Art. 152 PresidencyEach Council elects a President from its members for a term of one year, together with a first Vice-President and a second Vice-President. Re-election for the following year is not permitted.Art. 153 Parliamentary committees Each Council forms committees from its members. The law may provide for joint committees. The law may delegate specific powers, which may not be legislative in their nature, to committees. In order to fulfil their duties, the committees have the right to information and to inspect documents and the power to conduct investigations. The extent of such rights and powers is governed by the law.Art. 154 Parliamentary groupsThe members the Federal Assembly may form parliamentary groups.Art. 155 Parliamentary ServicesThe Federal Assembly has parliamentary services at its disposal. It may call on the services of offices of the Federal Administration. The details are regulated by law.Section 2  ProcedureArt. 156 Separate proceedings The proceedings of the National Council and Council of States take place separately. Decisions of the Federal Assembly require the agreement of both Chambers. Provision shall be made by the law to ensure that in the event of disagreement between the Councils decisions are made on:a. the validity or partial invalidity of a popular initiative;b. the implementation of a popular initiative in the form of a general proposal that has been adopted by the People;c. the implementation of a Federal Decree initiating a total revision of the Federal Constitution that has been approved by the People;d. the budget or any amendment to it. Adopted by the popular vote on 27 Sept. 2009, in force since 27 Sept. 2009 (FedD of 19 Dec. 2008, FCD of 1 Dec. 2009; AS 2009 6409; BBl 2008 2891 2907, 2009 13 8719). Adopted by the popular vote on 27 Sept. 2009, in force since 27 Sept. 2009 (FedD of 19 Dec. 2008, FCD of 1 Dec. 2009; AS 2009 6409; BBl 2008 2891 2907, 2009 13 8719).  Adopted by the popular vote on 9 Feb. 2003, lets. a and d in force since 1 Aug. 2003 (FedD of 4 Oct. 2002, FCD of 25 March 2003, FedD of 19 June 2003; AS 2003 1949; BBl 2001 4803 6080, 2002 6485, 2003 3111 3954 3960).Art. 157 Joint proceedings The National Council and Council of States hold joint proceedings as the United Federal Assembly under the presidency of the President of the National Council in order to:a. conduct elections;b. decide on conflicts of jurisdiction between the highest federal authorities;c. decide on applications for pardons. The United Federal Assembly also convenes for special events and to hear declarations made by the Federal Council.Art. 158 Public meetingsMeetings of the Councils are held in public. The law may provide for exceptions.Art. 159 Quorum and required majority The Councils are quorate if a majority of their members is present. Decisions are taken in both Chambers and in the United Federal Assembly by the majority of those who vote. However, the consent of an absolute majority of the members of each of the two Councils is required for:a. a declaration that a federal act is urgent;b. provisions on subsidies, guarantee credits or spending ceilings that involve new non-recurrent expenditure of more than 20 million francs or new recurrent expenditure of more than 2 million francs;c. an increase in overall expenditure in the case of extraordinary financial requirements in terms of Article 126 paragraph 3. The Federal Assembly may, by ordinance, adjust subsidies made in terms of paragraph 3 letter b in line with inflation.  Adopted by the popular vote on 2 Dec. 2001, in force since 2 Dec. 2001 (FedD of 22 June 2001, FCD of 4 Feb. 2002; AS 2002 241; BBl 2000 4653, 2001 2387 2878,  2002 1209).  Adopted by the popular vote on 2 Dec. 2001, in force since 2 Dec. 2001 (FedD of 22 June 2001, FCD of 4 Feb. 2002; AS 2002 241; BBl 2000 4653, 2001 2387 2878,  2002 1209).Art. 160 Right to submit initiatives and motions Any Council member, parliamentary group, parliamentary committee or Canton has the right to submit an initiative to the Federal Assembly. Council members and the Federal Council have the right to submit motions on business that is under discussion.Art. 161 Prohibition of voting instructions No member of the Federal Assembly may vote on the instructions of another person. Members must disclose their links to interest groups.Art. 162 Immunity The members of the Federal Assembly and the Federal Council as well as the Federal Chancellor may not be held liable for statements that they make in the Assembly or in its organs. The law may provide for further forms of immunity and extend its scope to include other persons.Section 3  PowersArt. 163 Form of Federal Assembly enactments The Federal Assembly shall enact provisions that establish binding legal rules in the form of federal acts or ordinances. Other enactments are promulgated in the form of a federal decree; a federal decree that is not subject to a referendum is known as a “simple federal decree”.Art. 164 Legislation All significant provisions that establish binding legal rules must be enacted in the form of a federal act. These include in particular fundamental provisions on:a. the exercise of political rights;b. the restriction of constitutional rights;c. the rights and obligations of persons;d. those liable to pay tax as well as the subject matter and assessment of taxes and duties;e. the duties and services of the Confederation;f. the obligations of the Cantons in relation to the implementation and enforcement of federal law;g. the organisation and procedure of the federal authorities. Legislative powers may be delegated by federal act unless this is prohibited by the Federal Constitution.Art. 165 Emergency legislation Federal acts whose coming into force cannot be delayed (emergency federal acts) may be declared urgent by an absolute majority of the members of each of the two Councils and be brought into force immediately. Such acts must be of limited duration. If a referendum is requested on an emergency federal act, the act must be repealed one year after being passed by the Federal Assembly if it has not in the meantime been approved by the People. An emergency federal act that does not have the Constitution as its basis must be repealed one year after being passed by the Federal Assembly if it has not in the meantime been approved by the People and the Cantons. Any such act must be of limited duration. An emergency federal act that is not approved in a popular vote may not be renewed.Art. 166 Foreign relations and international treaties The Federal Assembly shall participate in shaping foreign policy and supervise the maintenance of foreign relations. It shall approve international treaties, with the exception of those that are concluded by the Federal Council under a statutory provision or an international treaty.Art. 167 FinanceThe Federal Assembly determines the expenditure of the Confederation, adopt the budget and approve the federal accounts.Art. 168 Appointments The Federal Assembly elects the members of the Federal Council, the Federal Chancellor, the judges of the Federal Supreme Court and, in times of war, the Commander-in-Chief of the armed forces ("the General"). The law may authorise the Federal Assembly to make or confirm other appointments.Art. 169 Oversight The Federal Assembly exercises oversight over the Federal Council and the Federal Administration, the federal courts and other bodies entrusted with the tasks of the Confederation. Official secrecy does not apply in dealings with the special delegations of supervisory committees that are established under the law.Art. 170 Evaluation of effectivenessThe Federal Assembly shall ensure that federal measures are evaluated with regard to their effectiveness.Art. 171 Tasks of the Federal CouncilThe Federal Assembly may assign functions to the Federal Council. The details are regulated by law, and in particular the means by which the Federal Assembly may intervene in matters that fall within the remit of the Federal Council.Art. 172 Relations between the Confederation and the Cantons The Federal Assembly shall ensure the maintenance of good relations between the Confederation and the Cantons. It shall guarantee the cantonal constitutions. It shall decide whether to approve intercantonal agreements and treaties between Cantons and foreign countries where the Federal Council or a Canton raises an objection to any such treaty.Art. 173 Further duties and powers The Federal Assembly has the following additional duties and powers:a. Taking measures to safeguard external security and the independence and neutrality of Switzerland.b. Taking measures to safeguard internal security.c. If extraordinary circumstances require, issuing ordinances or simple federal decrees in order to fulfil its duties under letters (a) and (b).d. Regulating active service and mobilising the armed forces or sections thereof for this purpose.e. Taking measures to enforce federal law.f. Ruling on the validity of popular initiatives that meet the formal requirements.g. Participating in the general planning of state activities.h. Deciding on individual acts where a federal act expressly so provides.i. Deciding on conflicts of jurisdiction between the highest federal authorities.k. Issuing pardons and deciding on amnesties. The Federal Assembly also deals with matters that fall within the remit of the Confederation and are not the responsibility of any other authority. Other duties and powers may be delegated by law to the Federal Assembly.Chapter 3 Federal Council and Federal AdministrationSection 1  Organisation and ProcedureArt. 174 Federal CouncilThe Federal Council is the supreme governing and executive authority of the Confederation.Art. 175 Composition and election The Federal Council has seven members. The members of the Federal Council are elected by the Federal Assembly following each general election to the National Council. They are elected for a term of office of four years. Any Swiss citizen eligible for election to the National Council may be elected to the Federal Council. In electing the Federal Council, care must be taken to ensure that the various geographical and language regions of the country are appropriately represented.  Adopted by the popular vote on 7 Feb. 1999, in force since 1 Jan 2000 (FedD of  9 Oct. 1998, FCD of 2 March 1999; AS 1999 1239; BBl 1993 IV 554, 1994 III 1370, 1998 4800, 1999 2475 8768).  Adopted by the popular vote on 7 Feb. 1999, in force since 1 Jan 2000 (FedD of  9 Oct. 1998, FCD of 2 March 1999; AS 1999 1239; BBl 1993 IV 554, 1994 III 1370, 1998 4800, 1999 2475 8768).Art. 176 Presidency The President of the Confederation chairs the Federal Council. The President and the Vice-President of the Federal Council are elected by the Federal Assembly from the members of the Federal Council for a term of office of one year. Re-election for the following year is not permitted. The President may not be elected Vice-President for the following year.Art. 177 Principle of collegiality and allocation to departments The Federal Council reaches its decisions as a collegial body. For the purposes of preparation and implementation, the business of the Federal Council is allocated to its individual members according to department. Business may be delegated to and directly dealt with by departments or their subordinate administrative units; in such cases, the right to legal recourse is guaranteed.Art. 178 Federal Administration The Federal Council is in charge of the Federal Administration. It ensures that it is organised appropriately and that it fulfils its duties effectively. The Federal Administration is organised into Departments; each Department is headed by a member of the Federal Council. Administrative tasks may by law be delegated to public or private organisations, entities or persons that do not form part of the Federal Administration.Art. 179 Federal ChancelleryThe Federal Chancellery is the general administrative office of the Federal Council. It is headed by a Federal Chancellor.Section 2  PowersArt. 180 Government policy The Federal Council decides on the objectives of federal government policy and the means by which they should be achieved. It plans and coordinates state activities. It informs the general public fully and in good time about its activities, unless overriding public or private interests prevent this.Art. 181 Right to initiate legislationThe Federal Council submits drafts of Federal Assembly legislation to the Federal Assembly.Art. 182 Law-making and implementation of legislation The Federal Council enacts legislative provisions in the form of ordinances, provided it has the authority to do so under the Constitution or the law. It ensures the implementation of legislation, the resolutions of the Federal Assembly and the judgments of federal judicial authorities.Art. 183 Finances The Federal Council draws up the financial plan and the draft budget and prepare the federal accounts. It ensures orderly financial management.Art. 184 Foreign relations The Federal Council is responsible for foreign relations, subject to the right of participation of the Federal Assembly; it represents Switzerland abroad. It signs and ratifies international treaties. It submits them to the Federal Assembly for approval. Where safeguarding the interests of the country so requires, the Federal Council may issue ordinances and rulings. Ordinances must be of limited duration.Art. 185 External and internal security The Federal Council takes measures to safeguard external security, independence and neutrality of Switzerland. It takes measures to safeguard internal security. It may in direct application of this Article issue ordinances and rulings in order to counter existing or imminent threats of serious disruption to public order or internal or external security. Such ordinances must be limited in duration. In cases of emergency, it may mobilise the armed forces. Where it mobilises more than 4,000 members of the armed forces for active service or where the deployment of such troops is expected to last for more than three weeks, the Federal Assembly must be convened without delay.Art. 186 Relations between the Confederation and the Cantons The Federal Council is responsible for maintaining relations between the Confederation and the Cantons and collaborates with the latter. It may approve cantonal legislation when required to do so by federal law. It may object to treaties between Cantons or between Cantons and foreign countries. It ensures compliance with federal law, as well as the cantonal constitutions and cantonal treaties and takes the measures required to fulfil this duty.Art. 187 Further duties and powers The Federal Council also has the following duties and powers:a. Supervising the Federal Administration and the other bodies entrusted with federal duties.b. Reporting regularly to the Federal Assembly on the conduct of its business as well as on the situation in Switzerland.c. Making appointments that do not fall within the remit of other authorities.d. Dealing with appeals, where the law so provides. Other duties and powers may be delegated by law to the Federal Council.Chapter 4 Federal Supreme Court and other Judicial Authorities Adopted by the popular vote on 12 March 2000, in force since 1 Jan. 2007 (FedD of 8 Oct. 1999, FCD of 17 May 2000, FedD of 8 March 2005; AS 2002 3148, 2006 1059; BBl 1997 I 1, 1999 8633, 2000 2990, 2001 4202).Art. 188 Status The Federal Supreme Court is the supreme judicial authority of the Confederation. Its organisation and procedure are governed by law. The Federal Supreme Court has its own administration.Art. 189 Jurisdiction of the Federal Supreme Court The Federal Supreme Court hears disputes concerning violations of:a. federal law;b. international law;c. inter-cantonal law;d. cantonal constitutional rights;e. the autonomy of the communes and other cantonal guarantees in favour of public law corporations;f. federal and cantonal provisions on political rights. ... It hears disputes between the Confederation and Cantons or between Cantons. The jurisdiction of the Federal Supreme Court may be extended by law. Acts of the Federal Assembly or the Federal Council may not be challenged in the Federal Supreme Court. Exceptions may be provided for by law. Adopted by the popular vote on 9 Feb. 2003 (FedD of 4 Oct. 2002, FCD of 25 March 2003; AS 2003 1949; BBl 2001 4803 6080, 2002 6485, 2003 3111). Repealed in the Popular Vote on 27 Sept. 2009, with effect from 27 Sept. 2009 (FedD of  19 Dec. 2008, FCD of 1 Dec. 2009; AS 2009 6409; BBl 2008 2891 2907, 2009 13 8719). This paragraph in its version of FedD of 4 Oct. 2002 never came into force.Art. 190 Applicable lawThe Federal Supreme Court and the other judicial authorities apply the federal acts and international law.Art. 191 Access to the Federal Supreme Court Access to the Federal Supreme Court is guaranteed by law. For disputes that do not relate to a legal issue of fundamental importance, the law may stipulate a threshold for the amount in dispute. The law may exclude access to the Federal Supreme Court in relation to specific matters. The law may provide for a simplified procedure for appeals that are manifestly unfounded.Art. 191a Other federal judicial authorities The Confederation shall appoint a criminal court, which hears at first instance criminal cases that by law come under federal jurisdiction. The law may confer further powers on the Federal Criminal Court. The Confederation shall appoint judicial authorities to hear public law disputes that come under the jurisdiction of the Federal Administration. The law may provide for further federal judicial authorities.  Adopted by the popular vote on 12 March 2000, para. 1 in force since 1 April 2003, paras 2 and 3 in force since 1 Sept. 2005 (FedD of 8 Oct. 1999, FCD of 17 May 2000, FedD of 24 Sept. 2002; AS 2002 3148; BBl 1997 I 1, 1999 8633, 2000 2990, 2001 4202, 2005 1475). Art. 191b Cantonal judicial authorities The Cantons shall appoint judicial authorities to judge civil and public law disputes and criminal law cases. They may appoint joint judicial authorities.Art. 191c Independence of the judiciaryThe judicial authorities are independent in the exercise of their judicial powers and are bound only by the law.Title 6  Revision of the Federal Constitution and Transitional ProvisionsChapter 1  RevisionArt. 192 Principle The Federal Constitution may be totally or partially revised at any time. Unless the Federal Constitution and the legislation based on it provides otherwise, any revision of the Federal Constitution is made by the legislative process.Art. 193 Total revision A total revision of the Federal Constitution may be proposed by the People or by either of the two Councils or be decreed by the Federal Assembly. If the initiative emanates from the People or if the two Chambers are unable to agree, the People decide on whether a total revision should be carried out. If the People vote for a total revision, new elections shall be held to both Chambers. The mandatory provisions of international law must not be violated.Art. 194 Partial revision A partial revision of the Federal Constitution may be requested by the People or decreed by the Federal Assembly. The partial revision must respect the principle of cohesion of subject matter and must not violate mandatory provisions of international law. The popular initiative for partial revision must also respect the principle of consistency of form.Art. 195 CommencementThe totally or partly revised Federal Constitution comes into force when it is approved by the People and the Cantons.Chapter 2  Transitional ProvisionsArt. 196 Transitional provisions in terms of the Federal Decree of 18 December 1998 on a new Federal Constitution1. Transitional provision to Art. 84 (Transalpine transit traffic)The transfer of freight transit traffic from road to rail must be completed ten years after the adoption of the popular initiative for the protection of the alpine regions from transit traffic.2. Transitional provision to Art. 85 (Flat-rate heavy vehicle charge) The Confederation shall levy an annual charge for the use of roads that are open to general traffic on domestic and foreign motor vehicles and trailers that have a maximum permissible weight of over 3.5 tonnes. This charge amounts to:Fr.a. for trucks and articulated motor vehicles of– over 3.5 to 12 t 650– over 12 to 18 t2000– over 18 to 26 t3000– over 26 t4000b. for trailers of– over 3.5 to 8 t 650– over 8 to 10 t1500– over 10 t2000c. for coaches 650 The rates of the charge may be adjusted by federal act insofar as this is justified by the cost of road transport. In addition, the Federal Council may adjust by ordinance the tariff category above 12 t in accordance with paragraph 2 to comply with any amendments to the weight categories contained in the Road Traffic Act of 19 December 1958. For vehicles that are not on the road in Switzerland for the entire year, the Federal Council shall determine suitably graduated rates of the charge; it shall take account of the costs of collecting the charge. The Federal Council shall regulate the implementation of the charge. It may determine rates in terms of paragraph 2 for special categories of vehicle, exempt certain vehicles from the charge and issue special regulations, in particular for journeys in border areas. Such regulations must not result in vehicles registered abroad being treated more favourably than Swiss vehicles. The Federal Council may provide for fines in respect of contraventions. The Cantons shall collect the charge on vehicles registered in Switzerland. The charge may be limited or abolished by law. This provision applies until the Heavy Vehicle Charge Act of 19 December 1997 comes into force.3. Transitional provisions to Art. 86 (Use of charges for tasks and costs in connection with road transport), Art. 87 (Railways and other carriers) and Art. 87a (Railway infrastructure)  The major rail projects include the New Rail Link through the Alps (NRLA), RAIL 2000, the connection of Eastern and Western Switzerland to the European High Speed Rail Network as well as the improvement of noise protection along railway lines through active and passive measures. Until the interest payments and repayments on the advances made to the fund in accordance with Article 87a paragraph 2 have been made in full, the monies in accordance with Article 86 paragraph 2 letter e shall be allocated to the special finance programme for road transport in accordance with Article 86 paragraph 4 instead of the fund in accordance with Article 86 paragraph 2.In order to finance railway infrastructure and thereafter to finance the interest and repayments on the advances made to the fund in accordance with Article 87a paragraph 2, the Federal Council may use monies in accordance with paragraph 2 until 31 December 2018. The monies shall be calculated in accordance with Article 86 paragraph 2 letter e. The percentage in accordance with Article 86 paragraph 2 letter f applies from two years after this provision comes into force. Prior to that, it shall be 5 per cent. The financing of the major rail projects in accordance with paragraph 1 shall be carried out through the fund under Article 87a paragraph 2. The four major rail projects in terms of paragraph 1 shall be adopted by federal acts. Proof must be established of the necessity and readiness for implementation For each major project in its entirety. In the case of the NRLA project, each of the construction phases shall form the subject matter of a federal act. The Federal Assembly shall approve the required financing through guarantee credits. The Federal Council shall approve the construction phases and determine the time schedule. This provision applies until the conclusion of the construction work and of the financing (through repayment of the advances) of the major rail projects mentioned in paragraph 1.4. Transitional provision to Art. 90 (Nuclear energy)Until 23 September 2000, no general, construction, start-up or operating licences for new facilities for the production of nuclear energy may be granted.5. Transitional provision to Art. 95 (Private economic activity)Until the enactment of federal legislation, the Cantons must mutually recognise their education or training qualifications.6. Transitional provision to Art. 102 (National economic supply) The Confederation shall guarantee the national supply of bread grain and baking flour. This transitional provision remains in force until 31 December 2003 at the latest.7. Transitional provision to Art. 103 (Structural policy)For no more than ten years from the date on which the Constitution comes into force, the Cantons may retain existing regulations that make the opening of new businesses dependent on establishing a need, in order to guarantee the existence of important parts of a specific branch of the hotel and restaurant industry.8. ...9. Transitional provision to Art. 110 para. 3 (National Day of the Swiss Confederation) Until the amended federal legislation comes into force, the Federal Council shall regulate the details. The National Day of the Swiss Confederation shall not be included in the calculation of the number the public holidays in accordance with Article 18 paragraph 2 of the Employment Act of 13 March 1964.10. ...11. Transitional provision to Art. 113 (Occupational Pension Scheme)Insured persons who belong to the generation working at the time of the introduction of the occupational pension scheme and therefore do not contribute for the full period shall receive the statutory minimum benefits, according to their income, within 10 to 20 years of the Act coming into force.12. ...13. Transitional provision to Art. 128 (Duration of tax levy)The power to levy the direct federal tax shall be limited until the end of 2035.14. Transitional provision to Art. 130 (Value Added Tax) The power to levy value added tax is limited until the end of 2035. In order to guarantee the funding of invalidity insurance, the Federal Council shall raise the value added tax rates from 1 January 2011 until 31 December 2017 as follows: ... The revenue from the increase in rates in accordance with paragraph 2 will be allocated in full to the Compensation Fund for Invalidity Insurance. In order to secure the financing of railway infrastructure, the Federal Council shall raise the tax rates under Article 25 of the Value Added Tax Act of 12 June 2009 from 1 January 2018 by 0.1 of a percentage point, in the event of an extension of the time limit under paragraph 1 until 31 December 2030 at the latest. The entire revenue from the increase under paragraph 4 shall be allocated to the fund under Article 87a.15. ...16. ...  Adopted by the popular vote on 3 March 2002, in force since 3 March 2002 (FedD of 5 Oct. 2001, FCD of 26 April 2002; AS 2002 885; BBl 2000 2453, 2001 1183 5731, 2002 3690). SR 741.01 SR 641.81 Adopted by the popular vote on 12 Feb. 2017, in force since 1 Jan. 2018 (FedD of  30 Sept. 2016, FCD of 10 Nov. 2016 – AS 2017 6731; BBl 2015 2065, 2016 7587,  2017 3387). Adopted by the popular vote on 12 Feb. 2017, in force since 1 Jan. 2018 (FedD of  30 Sept. 2016, FCD of 10 Nov. 2016 – AS 2017 6731; BBl 2015 2065, 2016 7587,  2017 3387). Adopted by the popular vote on 12 Feb. 2017, in force since 1 Jan. 2018 (FedD of  30 Sept. 2016, FCD of 10 Nov. 2016 – AS 2017 6731; BBl 2015 2065, 2016 7587,  2017 3387). Adopted by the popular vote on 12 Feb. 2017, in force since 1 Jan. 2018 (FedD of  30 Sept. 2016, FCD of 10 Nov. 2016 – AS 2017 6731; BBl 2015 2065, 2016 7587,  2017 3387). Adopted by the popular vote on 9 Feb. 2014, in force since 1 Jan. 2016 (FedD of 20 June 2013, FCD of 13 May 2014, FCD of 2 June 2014, FCD of 6 June 2014;  AS 2015 645; BBl 2010 6637, 2012 1577, 2013 4725 6518, 2014 4113 4117). Art. 106 was revised on 11 March 2012. SR 822.11 Repealed by the popular vote on 28 Nov. 2004, with effect from 1 Jan. 2008 (FCD of  3 Oct 2003, FCD of 26 Jan. 2005, FCD of 7 Nov. 2007; AS 2007 5765; BBl 2002 2291, 2003 6591, 2005 951) Art. 126 was revised on 2 Dec. 2001. Adopted by the popular vote on 4 March 2018, in force since 1 Jan. 2021 (FedD of  16 June 2017, FCD of 13 Feb. 2019; AS 2019 769; BBl 2016 6221, 2017 4205, 2018 2761). Adopted by the popular vote on 28 Nov. 2004, in force since 1 Jan. 2007 (FedD of 19 March 2004, FCD of 26 Jan. 2005, FCD of 2 Feb. 2006; AS 2006 1057;  BBl 2003 1531, 2004 1363, 2005 951). Adopted by the popular vote on 27 Sept. 2009, in force since 1 Jan. 2011 (FedD of 13 June 2008 and of 12 June 2009, FCD of 7 Sept. 2010; AS 2010 3821; BBl 2005 4623, 2008 5241, 2009 4371 4377 4379 8719). Adopted by the popular vote on 4 March 2018, in force since 1 Jan. 2021 (FedD of  16 June 2017, FCD of 13 Feb. 2019; AS 2019 769; BBl 2016 6221, 2017 4205, 2018 2761). Adopted by the popular vote on 27 Sept. 2009, in force since 1 Jan. 2011 (FedD of 13 June 2008 and of 12 June 2009, FCD of 7 Sept. 2010; AS 2010 3821; BBl 2005 4623, 2008 5241, 2009 4371 4377 4379 8719). SR 641.20 Adopted by the popular vote on 9 Feb. 2014, in force since 1 Jan. 2016 (FedD of 20 June 2013, FCD of 13 May 2014, FCD of 2 June 2014, FCD of 6 June 2014;  AS 2015 645; BBl 2010 6637, 2012 1577, 2013 4725 6518, 2014 4113 4117). Adopted by the popular vote on 9 Feb. 2014, in force since 1 Jan. 2016 (FedD of 20 June 2013, FCD of 13 May 2014, FCD of 2 June 2014, FCD of 6 June 2014;  AS 2015 645; BBl 2010 6637, 2012 1577, 2013 4725 6518, 2014 4113 4117). Repealed by the popular vote on 4 March 2018, with effect from 1 Jan. 2021 (FedD of  16 June 2017, FCD of 13 Feb. 2019; AS 2019 769; BBl 2016 6221, 2017 4205, 2018 2761). Repealed by the popular vote on 28 Nov. 2004, with effect from 1 Jan. 2008 (FCD of  3 Oct 2003, FCD of 26 Jan. 2005, FCD of 7 Nov. 2007; AS 2007 5765; BBl 2002 2291, 2003 6591, 2005 951)Art. 197 Transitional provisions following the adoption of the Federal Constitution of 18 April 19991. Accession of Switzerland to the United Nations Switzerland shall accede to the United Nations. The Federal Council shall be authorised to submit an application to the Secretary General of the United Nations (UN) requesting Switzerland’s accession to the organisation, together with a declaration on the acceptance of the obligations contained in the UN Charter.2. Transitional provision to Art. 62 (School education)From the date on which the Federal Decree of 3 October 2003 on the New System of Financial Equalisation and the Allocation of Tasks between the Confederation and Cantons comes into force, the Cantons shall, until they have their own approved special-needs school strategies, but for a minimum of three years, assume responsibility for the current payments made by the Invalidity Insurance for special needs education (including the special needs pre-school education in accordance with Art. 19 of the Federal Act of 19 June 1959 on Invalidity Insurance).3. Transitional provision to Art. 83 (National highways)The Cantons shall construct the national highways listed in the Federal Decree of 21 June 1960 on the National Highway Network (in its version valid on the commencement of the Federal Decree of 3 Oct. 2003 on the New System of Financial Equalisation and the Allocation of Tasks between the Confederation and Cantons) in accordance with the regulations of and subject to the oversight of the Confederation. The Confederation and Cantons shall share the costs. The share of the costs borne by the individual Cantons shall be determined by the burden imposed on them by the national highways, their interest in these highways, and their financial capacity.4. Transitional provision to Art. 112b (Promoting the rehabilitation of people eligible for invalidity benefits)From the date on which the Federal Decree of 3 October 2003 on the New System of Financial Equalisation and the Allocation of Tasks between the Confederation and Cantons comes into force, the Cantons shall assume responsibility for the current payments made by the Invalidity Insurance to institutions, workshops and residential homes until they have an approved strategy on people with disabilities that also regulates the granting of cantonal contributions towards the construction and running of institutions that accept residents from outside the relevant canton, but for a minimum of three years.5. Transitional provision to Art. 112c (Aid for elderly people and people with disabilities)The current payments under Article 101 of the Federal Act of 20 December 1946 on the Old-Age and Survivors’ Insurance for assistance and care in the home for elderly people and people with disabilities shall continue to be paid by the Cantons until cantonal regulations on the financing of assistance and care in the home come into force.6.7. Transitional Provision to Art. 120 (Non-human gene technology)Swiss agriculture shall remain free of gene technology for a period of five years following the adoption of this constitutional provision. In particular, the following may neither be imported nor placed on the market:a. genetically modified plants that are capable of propagation, parts of plants and seeds that are intended for agricultural, horticultural or forestry use in the environment;b. genetically modified animals that are intended for the production of foodstuffs and other agricultural products.8. Transitional provision to Art. 121 (Residence and Permanent Settlement of Foreign Nationals)The legislature must define and add to the offences covered by Article 121 paragraph 3 and issue the criminal provisions relating to illegal entry in accordance with Article 121 paragraph 6 within five years of the adoption of Article 121 paragraphs 3–6 by the People and the Cantons.9. Transitional provision to Art. 75b (Second homes) If the relevant legislation does not come into force within two years of the adoption of Article 75b, the Federal Council shall issue the required implementing provisions on construction, sale and recording in the land register by ordinance. Building permits for second homes granted between 1 January of the year following the adoption of Article 75b and the date on which the implementing provisions come into force shall be null and void.10. Transitional provision to Art. 95 para. 3Until the statutory provisions come into force, the Federal Council shall issue the required implementing provisions within one year of the adoption of Article 95 paragraph 3 by the People and the Cantons.11. Transitional provision to Art. 121a (Control of immigration) International agreements that contradict Article 121a must be renegotiated and amended within three years of its adoption by the People and the Cantons. If the implementing legislation for Article 121a has not come into force within three years of its adoption by the People and the Cantons, the Federal Council shall issue temporary implementing provisions in the form of an ordinance.12. Transitional provision to Art. 10a (Ban on covering the face)The implementing legislation for Article 10a must be drawn up within two years of its adoption by the People and the Cantons.13. Transitional provision to Art. 117b (Nursing care) The Confederation shall, within the scope of its powers, enact implementing provisions on:a. specifying the nursing services that may be provided by nurses and paid for by social insurance:1. on the nurse’s own initiative,2. as instructed by a doctor;b. the appropriate remuneration for the nursing services;c. employment conditions that meet the requirements of persons working in nursing care;d. opportunities for the professional development of persons working in nursing care. The Federal Assembly shall approve the statutory implementing provisions within four years of the adoption of Article 117b by the People and Cantons. Before the statutory implementing provisions come into force, the Federal Council shall, within eighteen months of the adoption of Article 117b by the People and Cantons, take effective measures in order to address the shortage of qualified nursing staff.14. Transitional provision to Art. 118 para. 2 let. b (Health protection)The Federal Assembly shall approve the statutory implementing provisions within three years of the adoption of Article 118 paragraph 2 letter b by the People and Cantons.15. Transitional provision to Art. 129a (Special taxation of large corporate groups) Until the statutory provisions come into force, the Federal Council may issue the required regulations on the minimum rate of tax for large corporate groups. In doing so, it shall observe the following principles:a. The regulations apply to the business units of any multinational corporate group that achieves a consolidated annual turnover of 750 million euros.b. If the total tax payable by the business units in Switzerland or in another tax jurisdiction fall below the minimum tax payable at a rate of 15 per cent of the relevant profits, the Confederation shall levy a supplementary tax to compensate for the difference between the effective tax rate and the minimum tax rate.c. Relevant taxes are in particular the direct taxes indicated in the income statement of the business units.d. The relevant profit of a business unit is the profit or loss calculated for the consolidated financial statements of the group of companies in accordance with a recognised accounting standard before eliminating transactions between the business units and after taking other adjustments into account; profits and losses from international shipping are not taken into account.e. The effective tax rate in a tax jurisdiction is calculated by dividing the sum of the relevant taxes payable by all business units in this tax jurisdiction by the sum of the relevant profits of these business units.f. The supplementary tax for a tax jurisdiction is calculated by multiplying the profit surplus by the supplementary tax rate.g. The profit surplus in a tax jurisdiction is the sum of the relevant profits of all business units in this tax jurisdiction after the permitted deduction for tangible assets and labour costs.h. The supplementary tax rate for a tax jurisdiction corresponds to the positive difference between 15 per cent and the effective tax rate.i. In the event of under-taxation in Switzerland, the supplementary tax is levied on the domestic business units in proportion to the extent to which they have contributed to the under-taxation.j. In the event of under-taxation in another tax jurisdiction, the supplementary tax is primarily levied on the principal domestic business unit and secondarily on all domestic business units. The Federal Council may issue supplementary regulations on implementing the minimum rate of tax, in particular on:a. taking account of the specific company circumstances;b. whether the supplementary tax may be deducted as an expense for the purpose of federal and cantonal income taxes;c. the procedure and rights of appeal;d. the criminal provisions in accordance with other criminal provisions of tax law;e. the transitional arrangements. Where the Federal Council deems it necessary in order to implement the minimum rate of tax, it may derogate from the principles set out in paragraph 2. It may declare international model regulations and related sets of rules to be applicable. It may delegate these powers to the Federal Department of Finance. The regulations on the supplementary tax shall be enforced by the cantons under the supervision of the Federal Tax Administration. The Federal Council may provide for the reimbursement of the administrative costs incurred in enforcing these regulations. The cantons to which the business units belong for tax purposes are entitled to 75 per cent of the gross revenue from the supplementary tax. The cantons shall take appropriate account of the communes. The gross revenue from the supplementary tax from profit tax-exempt activities of federal, cantonal and communal business units, shall be paid to the collective body concerned. The cantonal share of the gross revenue from the supplementary tax shall be recognised as additional tax revenue in the context of the equalisation of financial resources and burdens. If the Federal Council makes use of its power in paragraph 1, it shall submit the statutory provisions on the minimum taxation of large multinational corporate groups to Parliament within six years of the ordinance coming into force. The Confederation shall use its share of the gross revenue from the supplementary tax, after deducting its additional expenditure for the equalisation of financial resources and burdens caused by the supplementary tax, to further promote Switzerland's attractiveness as a business location.16. Transitional provision to Art. 112 (Old-Age, Survivors’ and Invalidity Insurance) Persons in receipt of a retirement pension are entitled to an annual additional payment amounting to one twelfth of their annual pension. Entitlement to the annual additional payment arises at the latest at the start of the second calendar year following the adoption of this provision by the People and the Cantons. The law shall ensure that the annual additional payment does not lead to a reduction in supplementary benefits nor to the loss of entitlement to such benefits.Commencement Date: 1 January 2000 Adopted by the popular vote on 3 March 2002, in force since 3 March 2002 (FedD of 5 Oct. 2001, FCD of 26 April 2002; AS 2002 885; BBl 2000 2453, 2001 1183 5731, 2002 3690). SR 0.120 Adopted by the popular vote on 28 Nov. 2004, in force since 1 Jan. 2008 (FCD of  3 Oct 2003, FCD of 26 Jan. 2005, FCD of 7 Nov. 2007; AS 2007 5765; BBl 2002 2291, 2003 6591, 2005 951). AS 2007 5765 SR 831.20 Article 83 has now been revised. Adopted by the popular vote on 28 Nov. 2004, in force since 1 Jan. 2008 (FCD of 3 Oct 2003, FCD of 26 Jan. 2005, FCD of 7 Nov. 2007;  AS 2007 5765; BBl 2002 2291, 2003 6591, 2005 951). SR 725.113.11 AS 2007 5765 Adopted by the popular vote on 28 Nov. 2004, in force since 1 Jan. 2008 (FCD of  3 Oct 2003, FCD of 26 Jan. 2005, FCD of 7 Nov. 2007; AS 2007 5765; BBl 2002 2291, 2003 6591, 2005 951). AS 2007 5765 Adopted by the popular vote on 28 Nov. 2004, in force since 1 Jan. 2008 (FCD of  3 Oct 2003, FCD of 26 Jan. 2005, FCD of 7 Nov. 2007; AS 2007 5765; BBl 2002 2291, 2003 6591, 2005 951). SR 831.10 This number has no provision. Adopted by the popular vote on 27 Nov. 2005, in force since 27 Nov. 2005 (FedD of 17 June 2005, FCD of 19 Jan. 2006; AS 2006 89; BBl 2003 6903, 2004 4937, 2005 4039, 2006 1061). Adopted by the popular vote on 28 Nov. 2010, in force since 28 Nov. 2010 (FedD of 18 June 2010, FCD of 17 March 2011; AS 2011 1199; BBl 2008 1927, 2009 5097,  2010 4241, 2011 2771). Adopted by the popular vote on 11 March 2012, in force since 11 March 2012 (FedD of 17 June 2011, FCD of 20 June 2012; AS 2012 3627; BBl 2008 1113 8757, 2011 4825, 2012 6623). Adopted by the popular vote on 3 March 2013, in force since 3 March 2013 (FCD of 15 Nov. 2012 und 30 April 2013; AS 2013 1303; BBl 2006 8755, 2008 2577, 2009 299, 2012 9219, 2013 3129). Adopted by the popular vote on 9 Feb. 2014, in force since 9 Feb. 2014 (FedD of 27 Sept. 2013, FCD of 13 May 2014; AS 2014 1391; BBl 2011 6269, 2012 3869,  2013 291 7351, 2014 4117). Adopted by the popular vote on 7 March 2021, in force since 7 March 2021  (FedD of 19 June 2020, FCD of 31 May 2021 – AS 2021 310; BBl 2017 6447;  2019 2913; 2020 5507; 2021 1185). Adopted by the popular vote on 28 Nov. 2021, in force since 28 Nov. 2021 (FedD of 18 June 2021, FCD of 11 April 2022 – AS 2022 240; BBl 2017 7724, 2018 7653, 2021 1488, 2022 894). Adopted by the popular vote on 13 Feb. 2022, in force since 13 Feb. 2022 (FedD of  1 Oct. 2021, FCD of 11 April 2022 – AS 2022 241; BBl 2019 6883; 2020 7049; 2021 2315; 2022 895). Adopted by the popular vote on 18 June 2023, in force since 1 Jan. 2024  (FedD of 16 Dec. 2022, FCD of 12 April 2023, FCD of 28 Aug. 2023 – AS 2023 482; BBl 2022 1700; 2023 970, 2015). Adopted by the popular vote on 3 March 2024, in force since 3 March 2024  (FedD of 17 March 2023, FCD of 7 May 2024 – AS 2024 197; BBl 2021 1505; 2022 1485; 2023 781; 2024 996). FedD of 28 Sept. 1999 (AS 1999 2555; BBl 1999 7922).Final Provisions of the Federal Decree of 18 December 1998II The Federal Constitution of the Swiss Confederation of 29 May 1874 is repealed. The following provisions of the Federal Constitution, which must be re-enacted as statute law, continue to apply until the corresponding statutory provisions come into force:a. Art. 32 para. 6Hawking and other forms of itinerant sale of spirits are prohibited.b. Art. 36 para. 1 first sentence, 2 second–last sentence and 4 second sentence For the use of first and second class national highways, the Confederation shall levy an annual charge of 40 francs on each Swiss and foreign motor vehicle and trailer with a total weight not exceeding 3.5 tonnes. ... ... The Federal Council may exempt specific vehicles from the charge and issue special regulations, in particular for journeys made in border areas. Such regulations must not result in vehicles registered abroad being treated more favourably than Swiss vehicles. The Federal Council may impose fines for contraventions of the regulations. The Cantons shall collect the charge for vehicles registered in Switzerland and monitor compliance of all vehicles with the regulations. ... The charge may be extended by federal act to further categories of vehicle that are not liable to pay the heavy vehicle charge.c. Art. 121 para. 1, 2 and para. 3 first and second sentence If the Federal Assembly decides to submit a counter-proposal, voters shall be asked three questions on the same ballot paper. Each voter has the unrestricted right to state:1. whether he or she prefers the popular initiative to the existing law;2. whether he or she prefers the counter-proposal to the existing law;3. which of the two proposals should come into force in the event that the People and the Cantons prefer both proposals to the existing law. The absolute majority shall be calculated separately for each question. Unanswered questions shall not be taken into consideration. If both the popular initiative and the counter-proposal are accepted, the result of the third question shall be decisive. The proposal that receives the greater number of votes from the People and from the Cantons on this question shall come into force. ...IIIThe Federal Assembly shall adapt amendments to the Federal Constitution of 29 May 1874 to the new Federal Constitution as regards their form. The decree issued to this effect shall not be subject to a referendum.IV This Decree must be submitted to a vote of the People and the Cantons. The Federal Assembly shall determine its commencement date. [BS 1 3; AS 1949 1511; 1951 606; 1957 1027; 1958 362, 768, 770; 1959 224, 912;  1961 476; 1962 749, 1637, 1804; 1964 97; 1966 1672; 1969 1249; 1970 1649; 1971 325, 905, 907; 1972 1481, 1484; 1973 429, 1051, 1455; 1974 721; 1975 1205; 1976 713, 715, 2003; 1977 807, 1849, 2228, 2230; 1978 212, 484, 1578; 1979 678; 1980 380; 1981 1243, 1244; 1982 138; 1983 240, 444; 1984 290; 1985 150, 151, 658, 659, 1025, 1026, 1648;  1987 282, 1125; 1988 352; 1991 246, 247, 1122; 1992 1578, 1579; 1993 3040, 3041;  1994 258, 263, 265, 267, 1096, 1097, 1099, 1101; 1995 1455; 1996 1490, 1491, 1492, 2502; 1998 918, 2031; 1999 741, 743, 1239, 1341] Art. 105. Art. 86 para. 2. See now: Art. 139b.

input-rm101 Rumantsch è ina lingua naziunala, ma ina lingua parzialmain uffiziala da la Confederaziun, numnadamain en la correspundenza cun persunas da lingua rumantscha. La translaziun d’in decret federal serva a l’infurmaziun, n’ha dentant nagina validitad legala.Constituziun federala da la Confederaziun svizradals 18 d’avrigl 1999 (versiun dals 3 da mars 2024)PreambelEn num da Dieu il Tutpussant!Il pievel svizzer ed ils chantuns,en lur responsabladad envers la creaziun,cun l’intenziun da renovar la lia, per mantegnair la libertad e la democrazia, l’independenza e la pasch en solidaritad ed avertadad vers il mund,cun la voluntad da viver lur varietad en l’unitad en toleranza e respect vicendaivel,conscients da las prestaziuns communablas e da la responsabladad envers las generaziuns futuras,savend che liber è be quel che dovra sia libertad e che la fermezza dal pievel sa mesira vi dal bainstar dals flaivels,sa dattan la sequenta constituziun: Acceptà en la votaziun dal pievel dals 18 d’avr. 1999 (COF dals 18 da dec. 1998, COCF dals 11 d’avust 1999 – AS 1999 2556; BBl 1997 I 1; 1999 162, 5986).1. titel Disposiziuns generalasArt. 1 Confederaziun svizraIl pievel svizzer ed ils chantuns Turitg, Berna, Lucerna, Uri, Sviz, Sursilvania e Sutsilvania, Glaruna, Zug, Friburg, Soloturn, Basilea-Citad e Basilea-Champagna, Schaffusa, Appenzell Dadens ed Appenzell Dador, Son Gagl, Grischun, Argovia, Turgovia, Tessin, Vad, Vallais, Neuchâtel, Genevra e Giura furman la Confederaziun svizra.Art. 2 Intent La Confederaziun svizra protegia la libertad ed ils dretgs dal pievel e mantegna l’independenza e la segirezza dal pajais. Ella promova la prosperitad communabla, il svilup persistent, la coesiun interna e la varietad culturala dal pajais. Ella procura per in’egualitad da schanzas uschè gronda sco pussaivel tranter las burgaisas ed ils burgais. Ella s’engascha per il mantegniment persistent da las basas natiralas da la vita e contribuescha ad in urden internaziunal paschaivel e gist.Art. 3 ChantunsIls chantuns èn suverans, sche lur suveranitad na vegn betg limitada da la Constituziun federala; els exerciteschan tut ils dretgs che n’èn betg attribuids a la Confederaziun.Art. 4 Linguas naziunalasLas linguas naziunalas èn il tudestg, il franzos, il talian ed il rumantsch.Art. 5 Princips da l’activitad dal stadi da dretg Il dretg è la basa ed il limit da l’activitad dal stadi. L’activitad dal stadi sto esser en l’interess public ed en proporziun a l’intent. Ils organs dal stadi e las persunas privatas ageschan tenor la buna fai. La Confederaziun ed ils chantuns resguardan il dretg internaziunal.Art. 5a SubsidiaritadTar l’attribuziun e tar l’adempliment d’incumbensas dal stadi sto vegnir resguardà il princip da la subsidiaritad. Acceptà en la votaziun dal pievel dals 28 da nov. 2004, en vigur dapi il 1. da schan. 2008 (COF dals 3 d’oct. 2003, COCF dals 26 da schan. 2005, COCF dals 7 da nov. 2007 – AS 2007 5765; BBl 2002 2291; 2003 6591; 2005 951).Art. 6 Responsabladad individuala e socialaMintga persuna porta la responsabladad per sasezza e contribuescha tenor sias pussaivladads ad ademplir las incumbensas en il stadi ed en la societad.2. titel Dretgs fundamentals, dretgs dals burgais e finamiras socialas1. chapitel Dretgs fundamentalsArt. 7 Dignitad umanaLa dignitad da l’uman è da respectar e da proteger.Art. 8 Egualitad giuridica Tuts umans èn eguals avant la lescha. Nagin na dastga vegnir discriminà, particularmain betg pervia da l’origin, da la razza, da la schlattaina, da la vegliadetgna, da la lingua, da la posiziun sociala, da la moda da viver, da la persvasiun religiusa, filosofica u politica u pervia d’in impediment corporal, spiertal u psichic. Um e dunna han ils medems dretgs. La lescha procura per lur egualitad giuridica ed effectiva, spezialmain en quai che pertutga la famiglia, la scolaziun e la lavur. Um e dunna han il dretg da la medema paja per ina lavur equivalenta. La lescha prevesa mesiras per eliminar ils dischavantatgs da persunas impedidas.Art. 9 Protecziun cunter arbitrariadad e mantegniment da la buna faiMintga persuna ha il dretg da vegnir tractada dals organs dal stadi senza arbitrariadad e tenor la buna fai.Art. 10 Dretg da la vita e da la libertad Mintga uman ha il dretg da la vita. La paina da mort è scumandada. Mintga uman ha il dretg da la libertad persunala, particularmain da l’integritad corporala e spiertala e da la libertad da sa mover. La tortura e mintg’autra sort da tractament e chasti crudaivel, inuman u degradant èn scumandadas.Art. 10a Scumond da cuvrir l’atgna fatscha* Nagin na dastga cuvrir sia fatscha en il spazi public ed en lieus accessibels publicamain ubain en lieus, nua ch’i vegnan purschids servetschs che pon da princip vegnir duvrads da tuts; il scumond na vala betg per lieus sacrals. Nagin na dastga sfurzar ina persuna da cuvrir sia fatscha pervia da sia schlattaina. La lescha prevesa excepziuns. Quellas cumpiglian exclusivamain motivs da la sanadad, da la segirezza, da las cundiziuns climaticas e dals usits indigens. Acceptà en la votaziun dal pievel dals 7 da mars 2021, en vigur dapi ils 7 da mars 2021 (COF dals 19 da zer. 2020, COCF dals 31 da matg 2021 – AS 2021 310; BBl 2017 6447; 2019 2913; 2020 5507; 2021 1185). Cun disposiziun transitorica.Art. 11 Protecziun dals uffants e giuvenils Uffants e giuvenils han il dretg d’ina protecziun particulara da lur integritad e d’ina promoziun da lur svilup. Els fan diever da lur dretgs en il rom da lur capacitad da giuditgar.Art. 12 Dretg d’agid en situaziuns da basegnTgi ch’è en ina situaziun da basegn e n’è betg abel d’avair quità per sasez ha il dretg da quel agid, quell’assistenza e quels meds ch’èn indispensabels per in’existenza degna d’in uman.Art. 13 Protecziun da la sfera privata Mintga persuna ha il dretg dal respect da sia vita privata e da famiglia, da sia abitaziun sco er da sia correspundenza e da ses traffic da posta e da telecommunicaziun. Mintga persuna ha il dretg d’esser protegida cunter l’abus da sias datas persunalas.Art. 14 Dretg da matrimoni e famigliaIl dretg da matrimoni e famiglia è garantì.Art. 15 Libertad da cretta e conscienza La libertad da cretta e conscienza è garantida. Mintga persuna ha il dretg da tscherner libramain sia religiun e sia persvasiun filosofica e da las confessar individualmain u en cuminanza cun auters. Mintga persuna ha il dretg da sa participar ad ina cuminanza religiusa u d’appartegnair ad ina tala e da suandar in’instrucziun religiusa. Nagin na dastga vegnir sfurzà da sa participar ad ina cuminanza religiusa u d’appartegnair ad ina tala, d’ademplir in’acziun religiusa u da suandar ina instrucziun religiusa.Art. 16 Libertad d’opiniun e d’infurmaziun La libertad d’opiniun e d’infurmaziun è garantida. Mintga persuna ha il dretg da furmar, d’exprimer e da derasar libramain sia opiniun. Mintga persuna ha il dretg da retschaiver libramain infurmaziuns, da sa procurar quellas or da funtaunas generalmain accessiblas e da las derasar.Art. 17 Libertad da las medias La libertad da la pressa, dal radio e da la televisiun sco er d’autras furmas da derasaziun publica da producziuns ed infurmaziuns tras meds da telediffusiun è garantida. La censura è scumandada. Il secret da redacziun è garantì.Art. 18 Libertad da linguaLa libertad da lingua è garantida.Art. 19 Dretg d’instrucziun da scola fundamentalaIl dretg d’instrucziun suffizienta e gratuita da scola fundamentala è garantì.Art. 20 Libertad da la scienzaLa libertad da l’instrucziun e perscrutaziun scientifica è garantida.Art. 21 Libertad da l’artLa libertad da l’art è garantida.Art. 22 Libertad da reuniun La libertad da reuniun è garantida. Mintga persuna ha il dretg d’organisar radunanzas, da prender part a radunanzas u da star davent da talas.Art. 23 Libertad d’associaziun La libertad d’associaziun è garantida. Mintga persuna ha il dretg da furmar associaziuns, da sa participar u d’appartegnair a talas u da far part da las activitads d’associaziuns. Nagin na dastga vegnir sfurzà da sa participar u d’appartegnair ad in’associaziun.Art. 24 Libertad da domicil Svizras e Svizzers han il dretg da sa domiciliar en tge lieu dal pajais ch’els vulan. Els han il dretg d’abandunar la Svizra u da returnar en Svizra.Art. 25 Protecziun cunter l’expulsiun, l’extradiziun ed il repatriament Svizras e Svizzers na dastgan betg vegnir expulsads da la Svizra; els dastgan vegnir extradids ad in’autoritad estra be cun lur consentiment. Fugitivs na dastgan betg vegnir repatriads u extradids en in stadi nua ch’els vegnan persequitads. Nagin na dastga vegnir repatrià en in stadi nua che smanatscha tortura u in’autra sort da tractament u chasti crudaivel ed inuman.Art. 26 Garanzia da la proprietad La proprietad è garantida. Expropriaziuns e restricziuns da la proprietad sumegliantas ad in’expropriaziun vegnan indemnisadas cumplainamain.Art. 27 Libertad economica La libertad economica è garantida. Ella cumpiglia particularmain la tscherna libra da la professiun sco er l’access liber ad in’activitad da gudogn da l’economia privata ed a l’execuziun libra da quella.Art. 28 Libertad sindicala Las lavurantas ed ils lavurants, las patrunas ed ils patruns sco er lur organisaziuns han il dretg da s’alliar per proteger lur interess, da furmar associaziuns e da sa participar u da star davent da talas. Dispitas èn da reglar tenor pussaivladad sin via da tractativas u da mediaziun.Il dretg da chauma ed il dretg d’exclusiun èn admess, sch’els pertutgan las relaziuns da lavur e na s’opponan betg a las obligaziuns da mantegnair la pasch da la lavur u da manar tractativas da mediaziun. La lescha po scumandar la chauma a tschertas categorias da persunas.Art. 29 Garanzias generalas da procedura Mintga persuna ha, en proceduras davant instanzas giudizialas ed administrativas, il dretg d’in tractament egual e gist sco er d’in giudicament entaifer in termin commensurà. Las partidas han il dretg d’attenziun giuridica. Mintga persuna che na dispona betg dals meds necessaris ha il dretg d’ina procedura gratuita, sche sia dumonda da dretg ha ina schanza da success. Uschenavant che quai è necessari per mantegnair ses dretgs, ha ella ultra da quai il dretg d’ina assistenza gratuita d’in defensur.Art. 29a Garanzia da la via giudizialaEn cas da dispitas giuridicas ha mintga persuna il dretg da vegnir giuditgada tras in’autoritad giudiziala. En cas excepziunals pon la Confederaziun ed ils chantuns excluder tras lescha il giudicament giudizial. Acceptà en la votaziun dal pievel dals 12 da mars 2000, en vigur dapi il 1. da schan. 2007 (COF dals 8 d’oct. 1999, COCF dals 17 da matg 2000, COF dals 8 da mars 2005 –AS 2002 3148; 2006 1059; BBl 1997 I 1; 1999 8633; 2000 2990; 2001 4202).Art. 30 Proceduras giudizialas Mintga persuna, da la quala ina chaussa sto vegnir giuditgada en ina procedura giudiziala, ha il dretg d’ina dretgira stabilida da la lescha, cumpetenta, independenta e nunpartischanta. Dretgiras d’excepziun èn scumandadas. La persuna, cunter la quala i vegn purtà in plant civil, ha il dretg che la chaussa vegnia giuditgada da la dretgira da ses lieu da domicil. La lescha po prevair in’autra instanza giudiziala. La debatta giudiziala e la pronunzia da la sentenzia èn publicas. La lescha po prevair excepziuns.Art. 31 Privaziun da la libertadIna persuna dastga vegnir privada da la libertad sulettamain en ils cas previs da la lescha sezza e mo en la furma prescritta en quella. Mintga persuna che vegn privada da la libertad ha il dretg da vegnir infurmada immediat ed en ina lingua chapaivla davart ils motivs da la privaziun da la libertad e davart ses dretgs. Ella sto avair la pussaivladad da far valair ses dretgs. Ella ha oravant tut il dretg da laschar orientar ses confamigliars pli stretgs. Mintga persuna messa en arrest d’inquisiziun ha il dretg da vegnir manada immediat avant ina derschadra u in derschader. La derschadra u il derschader decida, sche la persuna vegn tegnida vinavant en arrest u sch’ella vegn laschada libra. Mintga persuna en arrest d’inquisiziun ha il dretg d’ina sentenzia entaifer in termin commensurà. Mintga persuna che vegn privada da la libertad senza l’ordra d’ina dretgira, ha da tut temp il dretg d’appellar ad ina dretgira. Quella decida uschè speditivamain sco pussaivel davart la legalitad da la privaziun da la libertad.Art. 32 Procedura penala Mintga persuna vala sco innocenta fin che la condemnaziun ha vigur legala. Mintga persuna accusada ha il dretg da vegnir infurmada uschè spert ed uschè detagliadamain sco pussaivel davart las inculpaziuns cunter ella. Ella sto avair la pussaivladad da far valair ils dretgs da defensiun, dals quals ella ha il dretg. Mintga persuna sentenziada ha il dretg da far examinar la sentenzia d’ina dretgira superiura. Resalvads èn ils cas, en ils quals il Tribunal federal decida sco suletta instanza.Art. 33 Dretg da petiziun Mintga persuna ha il dretg d’inoltrar petiziuns a las autoritads; quai na dastga betg chaschunar dischavantatgs ad ella. Las autoritads han da prender conuschientscha da las petiziuns.Art. 34 Dretgs politics Ils dretgs politics èn garantids. La garanzia dals dretgs politics protegia la furmaziun libra da la voluntad e la votaziun nunfalsifitgada.Art. 35 Effect dals dretgs fundamentals Ils dretgs fundamentals ston avair in effect sin l’entir urden giuridic. Tgi che ha d’exequir incumbensas statalas, ha da respectar ils dretgs fundamentals ed è obligà da contribuir che quels vegnian realisads. Las autoritads procuran ch’ils dretgs fundamentals daventian er efficazis tranter persunas privatas, uschenavant ch’els èn adattads per quest intent.Art. 36 Restricziuns dals dretgs fundamentals Restricziuns dals dretgs fundamentals dovran ina basa legala. Restricziuns engrevgiantas ston esser previsas en la lescha sezza. Exceptads èn cas d’in privel serius, direct che n’è betg d’evitar en autra maniera. Restricziuns da dretgs fundamentals ston esser giustifitgadas tras in interess public u tras la protecziun da dretgs fundamentals da terzas persunas. Restricziuns da dretgs fundamentals ston esser en proporziun. Il cuntegn essenzial dals dretgs fundamentals è inviolabel.2. chapitel Dretg da burgais e dretgs politicsArt. 37 Dretgs da burgais Burgaisa svizra u burgais svizzer è tgi che posseda il dretg da burgais d’ina vischnanca ed il dretg da burgais dal chantun. Nagin na dastga vegnir privilegià u pregiuditgà pervia da ses dretgs da burgais. Exceptadas èn prescripziuns davart ils dretgs politics en vischnancas da burgais e corporaziuns sco er davart la participaziun a la facultad da talas, uschenavant che la legislaziun chantunala na prevesa nagut auter.Art. 38 Acquist e perdita dals dretgs da burgais La Confederaziun regla l’acquist e la perdita dals dretgs da burgais tras derivanza, maridaglia ed adopziun. Ella regla ultra da quai la perdita dal dretg da burgais svizzer per auters motivs sco er la renatiralisaziun. La Confederaziun decretescha prescripziuns minimalas davart la natiralisaziun da persunas estras tras ils chantuns e dat la permissiun da natiralisaziun. Ella facilitescha la natiralisaziun da:a. persunas estras da la terza generaziun;b. uffants senza naziunalitad. Acceptà en la votaziun dal pievel dals 12 da favr. 2017, en vigur dapi ils 12 da favr. 2017 (COF dals 30 da sett. 2016, COCF dals 13 d’avr. 2017 – AS 2017 2643; BBl 2015 769, 1327; 2017 3387).Art. 39 Diever dals dretgs politics La Confederaziun regla il diever dals dretgs politics en fatgs federals, ils chantuns reglan quel en fatgs chantunals e communals. Ins fa diever dals dretgs politics al lieu da domicil. La Confederaziun ed ils chantuns pon prevair excepziuns. Nagin na dastga far diever da ses dretgs politics en pli ch’in chantun. Ils chantuns pon prevair che novs immigrads obtegnan il dretg da votar en fatgs chantunals e communals pir suenter in termin da spetga da maximalmain trais mais suenter la domiciliaziun.Art. 40 Svizras e Svizzers a l’exteriur La Confederaziun promova las relaziuns da las Svizras e dals Svizzers a l’exteriur in tranter l’auter e cun la Svizra. Ella po sustegnair organisaziuns che persequiteschan questa finamira. La Confederaziun decretescha prescripziuns davart ils dretgs e duairs da las Svizras e dals Svizzers a l’exteriur, oravant tut davart il diever dals dretgs politics en la Confederaziun, l’adempliment dal duair da prestar servetsch militar u da cumpensaziun, il sustegn da persunas en basegn sco er en il sectur da las assicuranzas socialas.3. chapitel Finamiras socialasArt. 41 Cumplettond la responsabladad persunala e l’iniziativa privata s’engaschan la Confederaziun ed ils chantuns per che:a. mintga persuna haja part da la segirezza sociala;b. mintga persuna obtegnia la tgira necessaria per sia sanadad;c. famiglias vegnian protegidas e promovidas sco cuminanzas da creschids ed uffants;d. persunas ablas da lavurar possian segirar lur existenza tras ina lavur ch’ellas exequeschan sut cundiziuns commensuradas;e. persunas che tschertgan abitaziuns possian chattar per els e per lur famiglia in’abitaziun adattada per cundiziuns acceptablas;f. uffants e giuvenils sco er persunas en la vegliadetgna da lavur possian giudair ina scolaziun ed instrucziun sco er ina furmaziun supplementara tenor lur abilitads;g. uffants e giuvenils vegnian promovids en lur svilup a persunas independentas e socialmain responsablas e vegnian sustegnids en lur integraziun sociala, culturala e politica sco er per che lur sanadad vegnia promovida. La Confederaziun ed ils chantuns s’engaschan che mintga persuna saja assicurada cunter las consequenzas economicas da vegliadetgna, invaliditad, malsogna, accident, dischoccupaziun, maternitad, dal daventar orfen, vaiv u vaiva. Els sa stentan da cuntanscher las finamiras socialas en il rom da lur cumpetenzas constituziunalas e da lur meds disponibels. Da las finamiras socialas na pon ins betg deducir dretgs directs da prestaziuns dal stadi. Acceptà en la votaziun dal pievel dals 13 da favr. 2022, en vigur dapi ils 13 da favr. 2022 (COF dal 1. d’oct. 2021, COCF dals 11 d’avr. 2022 – AS 2022 241; BBl 2019 6883; 2020 7049; 2021 2315; 2022 895).3. titel Confederaziun, chantuns e vischnancas1. chapitel Relaziun tranter la Confederaziun ed ils chantuns1. partiziun Incumbensas da la Confederaziun e dals chantunsArt. 42 Incumbensas da la Confederaziun La Confederaziun ademplescha las incumbensas che la vegnan attribuidas da la Constituziun federala. ... Abolì en la votaziun dal pievel dals 28 da nov. 2004, cun effect dapi il 1. da schan. 2008 (COF dals 3 d’oct. 2003, COCF dals 26 da schan. 2005, COCF dals 7 da nov. 2007 – AS 2007 5765; BBl 2002 2291; 2003 6591; 2005 951).Art. 43 Incumbensas dals chantunsIls chantuns determineschan tge incumbensas ch’els accumpleschan en il rom da lur cumpetenzas.Art. 43a Princips per attribuir ed ademplir incumbensas dal stadi La Confederaziun surpiglia mo las incumbensas che surpassan las pussaivladads dals chantuns u che dovran ina regulaziun unitara tras la Confederaziun. La communitad che profitescha d’ina prestaziun dal stadi porta ils custs da questa prestaziun. La communitad che porta ils custs d’ina prestaziun dal stadi po decider davart questa prestaziun. Las prestaziuns da basa ston esser accessiblas a tut las persunas en moda cumparegliabla. Las incumbensas dal stadi ston vegnir ademplidas a moda raziunala ed adequata als basegns. Acceptà en la votaziun dal pievel dals 28 da nov. 2004, en vigur dapi il 1. da schan. 2008 (COF dals 3 d’oct. 2003, COCF dals 26 da schan. 2005, COCF dals 7 da nov. 2007 – AS 2007 5765; BBl 2002 2291; 2003 6591; 2005 951).2. partiziun Collavuraziun da la Confederaziun e dals chantunsArt. 44 Princips La Confederaziun ed ils chantuns sustegnan in l’auter tar l’adempliment da lur incumbensas ed els collavuran ensemen. Els concedan in a l’auter respect ed assistenza. Els prestan in a l’auter assistenza administrativa e giudiziala. Dispitas tranter ils chantuns u tranter chantuns e la Confederaziun vegnan sche pussaivel regladas tras tractativas u mediaziuns.Art. 45 Cooperaziun al process da furmaziun da la voluntad da la Confederaziun Ils chantuns coopereschan en il rom da la Constituziun federala a la furmaziun da la voluntad da la Confederaziun, oravant tut tar la legislaziun. La Confederaziun infurmescha ils chantuns ad ura e detagliadamain davart ses projects; ella consultescha ils chantuns, sche lur interess èn pertutgads. Art. 46 Realisaziun dal dretg federal Ils chantuns realiseschan il dretg federal en il rom da la Constituziun federala e da las leschas. La Confederaziun ed ils chantuns pon fixar communablamain ch’ils chantuns cuntanschian tschertas finamiras tar la realisaziun dal dretg federal e ch’els exequeschian per quest intent programs che la Confederaziun sustegna finanzialmain. La Confederaziun lascha als chantuns ina libertad creativa uschè gronda sco pussaivel e tegna quint da lur particularitads chantunalas. Acceptà en la votaziun dal pievel dals 28 da nov. 2004, en vigur dapi il 1. da schan. 2008 (COF dals 3 d’oct. 2003, COCF dals 26 da schan. 2005, COCF dals 7 da nov. 2007 – AS 2007 5765; BBl 2002 2291; 2003 6591; 2005 951). Acceptà en la votaziun dal pievel dals 28 da nov. 2004, en vigur dapi il 1. da schan. 2008 (COF dals 3 d’oct. 2003, COCF dals 26 da schan. 2005, COCF dals 7 da nov. 2007 – AS 2007 5765; BBl 2002 2291; 2003 6591; 2005 951).Art. 47 Autonomia dals chantuns La Confederaziun protegia l’autonomia dals chantuns. Ella lascha als chantuns suffizientamain atgnas incumbensas e respecta lur autonomia d’organisaziun. Ella als lascha funtaunas da finanziaziun suffizientas e contribuescha ch’els disponian dals meds finanzials necessaris per ademplir lur incumbensas. Acceptà en la votaziun dal pievel dals 28 da nov. 2004, en vigur dapi il 1. da schan. 2008 (COF dals 3 d’oct. 2003, COCF dals 26 da schan. 2005, COCF dals 7 da nov. 2007 – AS 2007 5765; BBl 2002 2291; 2003 6591; 2005 951).Art. 48 Contracts interchantunals Ils chantuns pon far contracts tranter els ed er crear organisaziuns ed instituziuns communablas. Els pon oravant tut ademplir communablamain incumbensas d’interess regiunal. La Confederaziun po sa participar a tals projects en il rom da sias cumpetenzas. Ils contracts interchantunals na dastgan betg cuntrafar al dretg ed als interess da la Confederaziun e n’er betg als dretgs d’auters chantuns. Els èn da communitgar a la Confederaziun. Tras in contract interchantunal pon ils chantuns autorisar organs interchantunals da decretar disposiziuns cun normas da dretg che realiseschan in contract interchantunal, premess ch’il contract:a. saja vegnì approvà tenor la medema procedura che vala per la legislaziun;b. fixeschia ils princips directivs da las disposiziuns. Ils chantuns resguardan il dretg interchantunal. Acceptà en la votaziun dal pievel dals 28 da nov. 2004, en vigur dapi il 1. da schan. 2008 (COF dals 3 d’oct. 2003, COCF dals 26 da schan. 2005, COCF dals 7 da nov. 2007 – AS 2007 5765; BBl 2002 2291; 2003 6591; 2005 951). Acceptà en la votaziun dal pievel dals 28 da nov. 2004, en vigur dapi il 1. da schan. 2008 (COF dals 3 d’oct. 2003, COCF dals 26 da schan. 2005, COCF dals 7 da nov. 2007 – AS 2007 5765; BBl 2002 2291; 2003 6591; 2005 951).Art. 48a Decleraziun cun vigur lianta ed obligaziun da participaziun Sin dumonda da chantuns interessads po la Confederaziun declerar contracts interchantunals sco generalmain liants u obligar tscherts chantuns da sa participar a contracts interchantunals en ils suandants champs d’incumbensas:a. execuziun da chastis e da mesiras;b. fatgs da scola areguard ils secturs numnads en l’artitgel 62 alinea 4;c. scolas autas chantunalas;d. indrizs culturals d’impurtanza surregiunala;e. economisaziun da rument;f. sereneras;g. traffic d’aglomeraziun;h. medischina da perfecziun e clinicas spezialas;i. instituziuns per l’integraziun e per l’assistenza d’invalids. La decleraziun cun vigur lianta succeda per regla en furma d’in conclus federal. La lescha fixescha las premissas per la decleraziun cun vigur lianta e per l’obligaziun da participaziun e regla la procedura. Acceptà en la votaziun dal pievel dals 28 da nov. 2004, en vigur dapi il 1. da schan. 2008 (COF dals 3 d’oct. 2003, COCF dals 26 da schan. 2005, COCF dals 7 da nov. 2007 – AS 2007 5765; BBl 2002 2291; 2003 6591; 2005 951). Acceptà en la votaziun dal pievel dals 21 da matg 2006, en vigur dapi ils 21 da matg 2006 (COF dals 16 da dec. 2005, COCF dals 27 da fan. 2006 – AS 2006 3033; BBl 2005 5479, 5547, 7273; 2006 6725). Acceptà en la votaziun dal pievel dals 21 da matg 2006, en vigur dapi ils 21 da matg 2006 (COF dals 16 da dec. 2005, COCF dals 27 da fan. 2006 – AS 2006 3033; BBl 2005 5479, 5547, 7273; 2006 6725).Art. 49 Precedenza ed observaziun dal dretg federal Il dretg federal è superiur al dretg chantunal cuntrari. La Confederaziun surveglia ch’ils chantuns observian il dretg federal.3. partiziun VischnancasArt. 50 L’autonomia da las vischnancas è garantida en il rom dal dretg chantunal. La Confederaziun resguarda en sias acziuns ils effects pussaivels sin las vischnancas. Ella resguarda latiers la situaziun particulara da las citads e da las aglomeraziuns sco er da las regiuns muntagnardas.4. partiziun Garanzias federalasArt. 51 Constituziuns chantunalas Mintga chantun sa procura ina constituziun democratica. Quella dovra il consentiment dal pievel e sto vegnir revedida, sch’ina maioritad da las votantas e dals votants pretenda quai. Las constituziuns chantunalas dovran l’approvaziun da la Confederaziun. Quella dat la garanzia, sch’ellas n’èn betg cuntrarias al dretg federal.Art. 52 Urden constituziunal La Confederaziun protegia l’urden constituziunal dals chantuns. Ella intervegn, sche l’urden en in chantun è disturbà u smanatschà e sch’il chantun pertutgà na po betg proteger sez ses urden e n’er betg cun l’agid d’auters chantuns.Art. 53 Existenza e territori dals chantuns La Confederaziun protegia l’existenza ed il territori dals chantuns. Midadas vi da l’existenza dals chantuns dovran il consentiment dals votants e dals chantuns pertutgads e suenter er il consentiment dal pievel e dals chantuns. Midadas da territori tranter ils chantuns dovran il consentiment dals votants e dals chantuns pertutgads sco er l’approvaziun tras l’Assamblea federala en furma d’in conclus federal. Cun contracts tranter els pon ils chantuns reglar rectificaziuns da cunfins.2. chapitel Cumpetenzas1. partiziun Relaziuns cun l’exteriurArt. 54 Affars exteriurs Ils affars exteriurs èn chaussa da la Confederaziun. La Confederaziun s’engascha per mantegnair l’independenza da la Svizra e per sia prosperitad; ella contribuescha oravant tut a mitigiar la miseria e la povradad en il mund, a respectar ils dretgs umans ed a promover la democrazia, a la convivenza paschaivla dals pievels sco er a mantegnair il fundament natiral da la vita. La Confederaziun respecta las cumpetenzas dals chantuns e defenda lur interess.Art. 55 Cooperaziun dals chantuns a decisiuns da la politica exteriura Ils chantuns coopereschan tar la preparaziun da decisiuns da la politica exteriura che pertutgan lur cumpetenzas u lur interess essenzials. La Confederaziun infurmescha ils chantuns ad ura e detagliadamain e consultescha els. Las posiziuns dals chantuns èn da muntada particulara, sch’els èn pertutgads en lur cumpetenzas. En quests cas coopereschan ils chantuns a moda adattada a las tractativas internaziunalas.Art. 56 Relaziuns dals chantuns cun l’exteriur Ils chantuns pon far contracts cun l’exteriur en ils secturs da lur cumpetenzas. Quests contracts na dastgan betg cuntrafar ni al dretg ed als interess da la Confederaziun ni als dretgs d’auters chantuns. Ils chantuns han d’infurmar la Confederaziun avant la conclusiun dals contracts. Ils chantuns pon avair contact direct cun autoritads estras subordinadas; en ils ulteriurs cas succedan las relaziuns dals chantuns cun l’exteriur tras l’intermediaziun da la Confederaziun.2. partiziun Segirezza, defensiun naziunala, protecziun civilaArt. 57 Segirezza La Confederaziun ed ils chantuns procuran en il rom da lur cumpetenzas per la segirezza dal pajais e per la protecziun da la populaziun. Els coordineschan lur stentas sin il sectur da la segirezza interna.Art. 58 Armada La Svizra ha in’armada. Questa è organisada tenor il princip da milissa. L’armada serva per impedir guerras e gida a mantegnair la pasch; ella defenda il pajais e sia populaziun. Ella sustegna las autoritads civilas en cas da resistenza cunter grondas smanatschas da la segirezza interna ed en cas d’autras situaziuns extraordinarias. La lescha po prevair ulteriuras incumbensas. Las acziuns da l’armada èn chaussa da la Confederaziun. Acceptà en la votaziun dal pievel dals 28 da nov. 2004, en vigur dapi il 1. da schan. 2008 (COF dals 3 d’oct. 2003, COCF dals 26 da schan. 2005, COCF dals 7 da nov. 2007 – AS 2007 5765; BBl 2002 2291; 2003 6591; 2005 951).Art. 59 Servetsch militar e servetsch da cumpensaziun Mintga Svizzer è obligà da far servetsch militar. La lescha prevesa in servetsch civil da cumpensaziun. Per dunnas svizras è il servetsch militar facultativ. Svizzers che na prestan ni servetsch militar ni servetsch da cumpensaziun, han da pajar ina taxa. Quella vegn pretendida da la Confederaziun e fixada ed incassada dals chantuns. La Confederaziun decretescha prescripziuns davart la cumpensaziun commensurada da la perdita da gudogn. Persunas che prestan servetsch militar u servetsch da cumpensaziun e pateschan donn vi da la sanadad u perdan la vita, han per els u per lur confamigliars il dretg d’in sustegn commensurà da la Confederaziun.Art. 60 Organisaziun, instrucziun ed equipament da l’armada La legislaziun militara sco er l’organisaziun, l’instrucziun e l’equipament da l’armada suttastattan a la Confederaziun. ... La Confederaziun po surpigliar indrizs militars dals chantuns cunter ina indemnisaziun commensurada. Abolì en la votaziun dal pievel dals 28 da nov. 2004, cun effect dapi il 1. da schan. 2008 (COF dals 3 d’oct. 2003, COCF dals 26 da schan. 2005, COCF dals 7 da nov. 2007 – AS 2007 5765; BBl 2002 2291; 2003 6591; 2005 951).Art. 61 Protecziun civila La legislaziun davart la protecziun civila da persunas e bains cunter las consequenzas da conflicts armads è chaussa da la Confederaziun. La Confederaziun decretescha prescripziuns davart l’engaschament da la protecziun civila en cas da catastrofas e da situaziuns d’urgenza. Ella po declerar il servetsch da protecziun sco obligatoric per ils umens. Per las dunnas è quest servetsch facultativ. La Confederaziun decretescha prescripziuns davart la cumpensaziun commensurada da la perdita dal gudogn. Persunas che pateschan donn vi da la sanadad u che perdan la vita ademplind il servetsch da protecziun, han per els u per lur confamigliars il dretg d’in sustegn commensurà da la Confederaziun.3. partiziun Scolaziun, perscrutaziun e culturaArt. 61a Spazi da furmaziun svizzer En il rom da lur cumpetenzas procuran la Confederaziun ed ils chantuns communablamain per in’auta qualitad e permeabilitad dal spazi da furmaziun svizzer. La Confederaziun ed ils chantuns coordineschan lur sforzs e garanteschan lur collavuraziun tras organs communabels e tras autras mesiras. Ademplind lur incumbensas s’engaschan la Confederaziun ed ils chantuns che las vias da furmaziun generala e da furmaziun professiunala chattian ina renconuschientscha equivalenta en la societad. Acceptà en la votaziun dal pievel dals 21 da matg 2006, en vigur dapi ils 21 da matg 2006 (COF dals 16 da dec. 2005, COCF dals 27 da fan. 2006 – AS 2006 3033; BBl 2005 5479, 5547, 7273; 2006 6725). Rectifitgà da la Cumissiun da redacziun da l’AF (art. 58 al. 1 LParl; SR 171.10).Art. 62 Fatgs da scola* Ils chantuns èn cumpetents per ils fatgs da scola. Els procuran per ina instrucziun fundamentala suffizienta ch’è averta a tut ils uffants. L’instrucziun fundamentala è obligatorica ed è suttamessa a la direcziun u a la surveglianza dal stadi. L’instrucziun fundamentala a las scolas publicas è gratuita. Ils chantuns procuran per ina scolaziun speziala suffizienta da tut ils uffants e giuvenils impedids, maximalmain fin al 20avel anniversari. Sch’i na dat nagina armonisaziun dals fatgs da scola en ils secturs da la vegliadetgna da cumenzar la scola, da l’obligaziun d’ir a scola, da la durada e da las finamiras dals stgalims da furmaziun, dals passadis d’in stgalim a l’auter sco er da la renconuschientscha da diploms, decretescha la Confederaziun las prescripziuns necessarias. La Confederaziun regla il cumenzament da l’onn da scola. Tar la preparaziun da decrets federals che concernan la cumpetenza dals chantuns vegn attribuì in pais spezial a la cooperaziun dals chantuns. Cun disposiziun transitorica. Acceptà en la votaziun dal pievel dals 21 da matg 2006, en vigur dapi ils 21 da matg 2006 (COF dals 16 da dec. 2005, COCF dals 27 da fan. 2006 – AS 2006 3033; BBl 2005 5479, 5547, 7273; 2006 6725). Acceptà en la votaziun dal pievel dals 28 da nov. 2004, en vigur dapi il 1. da schan. 2008 (COF dals 3 d’oct. 2003, COCF dals 26 da schan. 2005, COCF dals 7 da nov. 2007 – AS 2007 5765; BBl 2002 2291; 2003 6591; 2005 951). Acceptà en la votaziun dal pievel dals 21 da matg 2006, en vigur dapi ils 21 da matg 2006 (COF dals 16 da dec. 2005, COCF dals 27 da fan. 2006 – AS 2006 3033; BBl 2005 5479, 5547, 7273; 2006 6725). Acceptà en la votaziun dal pievel dals 21 da matg 2006, en vigur dapi ils 21 da matg 2006 (COF dals 16 da dec. 2005, COCF dals 27 da fan. 2006 – AS 2006 3033; BBl 2005 5479, 5547, 7273; 2006 6725). Acceptà en la votaziun dal pievel dals 21 da matg 2006, en vigur dapi ils 21 da matg 2006 (COF dals 16 da dec. 2005, COCF dals 27 da fan. 2006 – AS 2006 3033; BBl 2005 5479, 5547, 7273; 2006 6725).Art. 63 Furmaziun professiunala La Confederaziun decretescha prescripziuns davart la furmaziun professiunala. Ella promova la diversitad e la permeabilitad da la purschida en il sectur da la furmaziun professiunala. Acceptà en la votaziun dal pievel dals 21 da matg 2006, en vigur dapi ils 21 da matg 2006 (COF dals 16 da dec. 2005, COCF dals 27 da fan. 2006 – AS 2006 3033; BBl 2005 5479, 5547, 7273; 2006 6725).Art. 63a Scolas autas La Confederaziun maina las scolas politecnicas federalas. Ella po stabilir, surpigliar u manar ulteriuras scolas autas ed autras instituziuns dal sectur da las scolas autas. Ella sustegna las scolas autas chantunalas e po pajar contribuziuns ad autras instituziuns dal sectur da las scolas autas ch’ella ha renconuschì. La Confederaziun ed ils chantuns procuran communablamain per la coordinaziun e per la garanzia da la qualitad en ils fatgs da las scolas autas da la Svizra. En quest connex resguardan la Confederaziun ed ils chantuns l’autonomia da las scolas autas e lur differentas instituziuns purtadras e fan attenziun da tractar en moda eguala instituziuns cun incumbensas egualas. Per ademplir lur incumbensas fan la Confederaziun ed ils chantuns contracts e delegheschan tschertas cumpetenzas ad organs communabels. La lescha regla las cumpetenzas che pon vegnir delegadas a quests organs e fixescha ils princips da l’organisaziun e las proceduras da la coordinaziun. Sche la Confederaziun ed ils chantuns na cuntanschan betg las finamiras communablas tras coordinaziun, decretescha la Confederaziun prescripziuns davart ils stgalims da studi, davart ils passadis d’in stgalim a l’auter, davart la furmaziun supplementara e davart la renconuschientscha d’instituziuns e da diploms. Ultra da quai po la Confederaziun liar il sustegn da las scolas autas a princips da finanziaziun unitars e far depender il sustegn da la repartiziun da las incumbensas tranter las scolas autas en secturs che chaschunan custs spezialmain auts. Acceptà en la votaziun dal pievel dals 21 da matg 2006, en vigur dapi ils 21 da matg 2006 (COF dals 16 da dec. 2005, COCF dals 27 da fan. 2006 – AS 2006 3033; BBl 2005 5479, 5547, 7273; 2006 6725).Art. 64 Perscrutaziun La Confederaziun promova la perscrutaziun scientifica e l’innovaziun. Ella po far depender la promoziun particularmain da la cundiziun che la qualitad e la coordinaziun sajan garantidas. Ella po fabritgar, surpigliar u manar centers da perscrutaziun. Acceptà en la votaziun dal pievel dals 21 da matg 2006, en vigur dapi ils 21 da matg 2006 (COF dals 16 da dec. 2005, COCF dals 27 da fan. 2006 – AS 2006 3033; BBl 2005 5479, 5547, 7273; 2006 6725). Acceptà en la votaziun dal pievel dals 21 da matg 2006, en vigur dapi ils 21 da matg 2006 (COF dals 16 da dec. 2005, COCF dals 27 da fan. 2006 – AS 2006 3033; BBl 2005 5479, 5547, 7273; 2006 6725).Art. 64a Furmaziun supplementara La Confederaziun fixescha ils princips davart la furmaziun supplementara. Ella po promover la furmaziun supplementara. La lescha fixescha ils secturs ed ils criteris. Acceptà en la votaziun dal pievel dals 21 da matg 2006, en vigur dapi ils 21 da matg 2006 (COF dals 16 da dec. 2005, COCF dals 27 da fan. 2006 – AS 2006 3033; BBl 2005 5479, 5547, 7273; 2006 6725).Art. 65 Statistica La Confederaziun rimna las datas statisticas necessarias davart il stadi ed il svilup da la populaziun, da l’economia, da la societad, da la furmaziun, da la perscrutaziun, dal territori e da l’ambient en Svizra. Ella po decretar prescripziuns davart l’armonisaziun e la direcziun da registers uffizials per limitar ils sforzs per las retschertgas. Acceptà en la votaziun dal pievel dals 21 da matg 2006, en vigur dapi ils 21 da matg 2006 (COF dals 16 da dec. 2005, COCF dals 27 da fan. 2006 – AS 2006 3033; BBl 2005 5479, 5547, 7273; 2006 6725).Art. 66 Contribuziuns da furmaziun La Confederaziun po conceder als chantuns contribuziuns a lur custs per contribuziuns da scolaziun a studentas ed a students da scolas autas e d’autras instituziuns dal sectur da la furmaziun superiura. Ella po promover l’armonisaziun interchantunala da las contribuziuns da scolaziun e fixar princips per pajar talas. Ella po ultra da quai prender atgnas mesiras per promover la furmaziun; quai succeda sco cumplettaziun da las mesiras chantunalas e resguardond la suveranitad chantunala da scola. Acceptà en la votaziun dal pievel dals 21 da matg 2006, en vigur dapi ils 21 da matg 2006 (COF dals 16 da dec. 2005, COCF dals 27 da fan. 2006 – AS 2006 3033; BBl 2005 5479, 5547, 7273; 2006 6725). Acceptà en la votaziun dal pievel dals 21 da matg 2006, en vigur dapi ils 21 da matg 2006 (COF dals 16 da dec. 2005, COCF dals 27 da fan. 2006 – AS 2006 3033; BBl 2005 5479, 5547, 7273; 2006 6725).Art. 67 Promoziun d’uffants e da giuvenils Tar l’adempliment da lur incumbensas tegnan la Confederaziun ed ils chantuns quint dals basegns spezials da promoziun e protecziun dals uffants e giuvenils. En cumplettaziun da mesiras chantunalas po la Confederaziun sustegnair la lavur cun uffants e cun giuvenils ordaifer la scola. Acceptà en la votaziun dal pievel dals 21 da matg 2006, en vigur dapi ils 21 da matg 2006 (COF dals 16 da dec. 2005, COCF dals 27 da fan. 2006 – AS 2006 3033; BBl 2005 5479, 5547, 7273; 2006 6725). Acceptà en la votaziun dal pievel dals 21 da matg 2006, en vigur dapi ils 21 da matg 2006 (COF dals 16 da dec. 2005, COCF dals 27 da fan. 2006 – AS 2006 3033; BBl 2005 5479, 5547, 7273; 2006 6725).Art. 67a Furmaziun musicala La Confederaziun ed ils chantuns promovan la furmaziun musicala, particularmain tar uffants e giuvenils. En il rom da lur cumpetenzas s’impegnan els per ina instrucziun musicala d’auta qualitad en las scolas. Sch’ils chantuns n’èn betg buns da coordinar ina armonisaziun da las finamiras da la furmaziun en las scolas, prenda la Confederaziun las directivas necessarias.  En cooperaziun cun ils chantuns determinescha la Confederaziun princips per l’access da la giuventetgna al far musica e per la promoziun da talents musicals. Acceptà en la votaziun dal pievel dals 23 da sett. 2012, en vigur dapi ils 23 da sett. 2012 (COF dals 15 da mars 2012, COCF dals 29 da schan. 2013 – AS 2013 435; BBl 2009 613; 2010 1; 2012 3443, 6899; 2013 1135).Art. 68 Sport La Confederaziun promova il sport, oravant tut la scolaziun. Ella maina ina scola da sport. Ella po decretar prescripziuns davart il sport da giuvenils e declerar sco obligatorica l’instrucziun da sport en scola.Art. 69 Cultura Ils chantuns èn responsabels per il sectur da la cultura. La Confederaziun po sustegnair stentas culturalas ch’èn d’interess per l’entira Svizra e po promover l’art e la musica, oravant tut sin il sectur da la scolaziun. Tar l’adempliment da sias incumbensas prenda ella resguard da la varietad culturala e linguistica dal pajais.Art. 70 Linguas Las linguas uffizialas da la Confederaziun èn il tudestg, il franzos ed il talian. En il contact cun persunas da lingua rumantscha è er il rumantsch lingua uffiziala da la Confederaziun. Ils chantuns determineschan lur linguas uffizialas. Per mantegnair l’enclegientscha tranter las cuminanzas linguisticas, respectan els la cumposiziun linguistica istorica e resguardan las minoritads linguisticas tradiziunalas. La Confederaziun ed ils chantuns promovan la communicaziun ed il barat tranter las cuminanzas linguisticas. La Confederaziun sustegna ils chantuns plurilings tar l’adempliment da lur incumbensas spezialas. La Confederaziun sustegna mesiras dals chantuns Grischun e Tessin per mantegnair e promover la lingua rumantscha e taliana.Art. 71 Film La Confederaziun po promover la producziun svizra da films e la cultura da film. Ella po decretar prescripziuns per promover la varietad e la qualitad da la purschida da films.Art. 72 Baselgia e stadi Ils chantuns èn cumpetents per reglar la relaziun tranter baselgia e stadi. La Confederaziun ed ils chantuns pon prender mesiras en il rom da lur cumpetenzas per mantegnair la pasch publica tranter ils commembers da las differentas cuminanzas religiusas. Igl è scumandà da construir minarets. Acceptà en la votaziun dal pievel dals 29 da nov. 2009, en vigur dapi ils 29 da nov. 2009 (COF dals 12 da zer. 2009, COCF dals 5 da matg 2010 – AS 2010 2161; BBl 2008 6851, 7603; 2009 4381; 2010 3437).4. partiziun Ambient e planisaziun dal territoriArt. 73 PersistenzaLa Confederaziun ed ils chantuns han en mira ina relaziun equilibrada persistenta tranter la natira e sia capacitad da regeneraziun d’ina vart e da sia utilisaziun tras l’uman da l’autra vart.Art. 74 Protecziun da l’ambient La Confederaziun decretescha prescripziuns davart la protecziun da l’uman e da ses ambient natiral cunter effects nuschaivels u mulestus. Ella procura che tals effects vegnian impedids. Ils custs per l’impediment e per la dismessa van a quint dals chaschunaders. Ils chantuns èn cumpetents per l’execuziun da las prescripziuns, sche la lescha na la resalva betg a la Confederaziun.Art. 75 Planisaziun dal territori La Confederaziun fixescha ils princips per ina planisaziun dal territori. Questa è chaussa dals chantuns e serva a l’utilisaziun cunvegnenta ed economica dal terren ed a l’urbanisaziun ordinada dal pajais. La Confederaziun promova e coordinescha las stentas dals chantuns e collavura cun quels. Ademplind lur incumbensas prendan la Confederaziun ed ils chantuns resguard dals basegns da la planisaziun dal territori.Art. 75a Mesiraziun La mesiraziun naziunala è chaussa da la Confederaziun. La Confederaziun decretescha prescripziuns davart la mesiraziun uffiziala. Ella po decretar prescripziuns davart l’armonisaziun d’infurmaziuns uffizialas che concernan il funs ed il terren. Acceptà en la votaziun dal pievel dals 28 da nov. 2004, en vigur dapi il 1. da schan. 2008 (COF dals 3 d’oct. 2003, COCF dals 26 da schan. 2005, COCF dals 7 da nov. 2007 – AS 2007 5765; BBl 2002 2291; 2003 6591; 2005 951).Art. 75b Abitaziuns secundaras* La quota d’abitaziuns secundaras è limitada a maximalmain 20 pertschient da l’effectiv total d’unitads d’abitar e da la surfatscha d’auzada brutta che vegn utilisada per intents d’abitar en ina vischnanca. La lescha oblighescha las vischnancas da publitgar mintga onn lur plan da quotas d’emprimas abitaziuns ed il stadi detaglià da sia execuziun. Acceptà en la votaziun dal pievel dals 11 da mars 2012, en vigur dapi ils 11 da mars 2012 (COF dals 17 da zer. 2011, COCF dals 20 da zer. 2012 – AS 2012 3627; BBl 2008 1113, 8757; 2011 4825; 2012 6623). Cun disposiziun transitorica.Art. 76 Auas La Confederaziun procura en il rom da sias cumpetenzas per in’utilisaziun spargnusa e la protecziun da las resursas d’aua sco er per il cumbat cunter las consequenzas nuschaivlas da l’aua. Ella fixescha ils princips davart il mantegniment e l’utilisaziun da las resursas d’aua, davart il diever da las auas per producir energia e per intents da sfradentar sco er davart autras intervenziuns en la circulaziun da l’aua. Ella decretescha prescripziuns davart la protecziun da las auas, la garanzia da la quota commensurada da l’aua restanta, las construcziuns en connex cun las auas, la segirezza dals implants da serra e davart las influenzas da las precipitaziuns atmosfericas. Ils chantuns disponan da las resursas d’aua. En il rom da la legislaziun federala pon els incassar taxas per l’utilisaziun da las auas. La Confederaziun ha il dretg d’utilisar las auas per sias interpresas da transport; ella paja per quest intent ina taxa ed ina indemnisaziun. Davart ils dretgs vi da resursas d’aua internaziunalas e davart las taxas colliadas cun quests dretgs decida la Confederaziun cun agid dals chantuns pertutgads. Sche plirs chantuns na pon betg sa cunvegnir davart ils dretgs vi da resursas d’aua interchantunalas, decida la Confederaziun. Ademplind sias incumbensas resguarda la Confederaziun ils interess dals chantuns dals quals deriva l’aua.Art. 77 Guaud La Confederaziun procura ch’il guaud possia ademplir sias funcziuns da protecziun, da niz e da recreaziun. Ella fixescha ils princips per la protecziun dal guaud. Ella promova las mesiras per il mantegniment dal guaud.Art. 78 Protecziun da la natira e da la patria Per la protecziun da la natira e da la patria èn cumpetents ils chantuns. Ademplind sias incumbensas resguarda la Confederaziun ils interess da la protecziun da la natira e da la patria. Ella ha quità da cuntradas, da maletgs dal lieu, da lieus istorics sco er da monuments da natira e da cultura; ella mantegna quels en lur furma integrala, sche l’interess public pretenda quai. Ella po sustegnair las stentas da la protecziun da la natira e da la patria ed acquistar u segirar tras contract u tras expropriaziun objects da muntada per l’entira Svizra. Ella decretescha prescripziuns per la protecziun da la fauna e flora e per mantegnair lur spazis da viver en la varietad natirala. Ella protegia las spezias periclitadas da l’extincziun. Palids e cuntradas da palì da bellezza particulara e da muntada per l’entira Svizra èn protegidas. En quellas na dastgan vegnir construids nagins stabiliments, ed igl è er scumandà da far midadas dal terren. Ina excepziun èn installaziuns che servivan gia avant a la protecziun u a l’utilisaziun agricula da las palids e da las cuntradas da palì.Art. 79 Pestga e chatschaLa Confederaziun fixescha ils princips per l’execuziun da la pestga e da la chatscha, spezialmain per mantegnair la varietad da las spezias da peschs, dals mamifers selvadis e dals utschels.Art. 80 Protecziun dals animals La Confederaziun decretescha prescripziuns davart la protecziun dals animals. Ella regla particularmain:a. il tegnair e tgirar animals;b. ils experiments cun animals e las intervenziuns vi da l’animal viv;c. il niz d’animals;d. l’import d’animals e da products d’animals;e. il commerzi cun animals ed ils transports d’animals;f. il mazzar animals. Ils chantuns èn cumpetents per l’execuziun da las prescripziuns, sche la lescha na resalva betg quella a la Confederaziun.5. partiziun Ovras publicas e trafficArt. 81 Ovras publicasLa Confederaziun po realisar e metter en funcziun ovras publicas u sustegnair lur realisaziun en l’interess da l’entir pajais u d’ina gronda part da quel.Art. 81a Traffic public La Confederaziun ed ils chantuns procuran per ina purschida suffizienta da traffic public sin via, sin l’aua, cun la viafier e cun telefericas en tut las regiuns dal pajais. En quest connex stoi vegnir tegnì quint en moda adequata dal transport da rauba cun la viafier. Ils custs dal traffic public vegnan cuvrids per ina part cunvegnenta tras ils pretschs pajads da las utilisadras e dals utilisaders dal traffic public. Acceptà en la votaziun dal pievel dals 9 da favr. 2014, en vigur dapi il 1. da schan. 2016 (COF dals 20 da zer. 2013, COCF dals 13 da matg 2014, COCF dals 2 da zer. 2014, COCF dals 6 da zer. 2014 – AS 2015 645; BBl 2010 6637; 2012 1577; 2013 4725, 6518; 2014 4113, 4117).Art. 82 Traffic sin via La Confederaziun decretescha prescripziuns davart il traffic sin via. Ella exequescha la surveglianza suprema da las vias d’impurtanza per l’entira Svizra; ella po fixar tgeninas vias da transit che ston esser avertas per il traffic. Il diever da las vias publicas è gratuit. L’Assamblea federala po permetter excepziuns.Art. 83 Infrastructura stradala La Confederaziun ed ils chantuns procuran per ina infrastructura stradala suffizienta en tut las regiuns dal pajais. La Confederaziun garantescha la realisaziun e l’utilisabladad d’ina rait da vias naziunalas. Ella construescha, maina e mantegna las vias naziunalas. Ella surpiglia ils custs respectivs. Ella po delegar questas incumbensas cumplettamain u parzialmain a purtaders publics, privats u maschadads. Acceptà en la votaziun dal pievel dals 12 da favr. 2017, en vigur dapi il 1. da schan. 2018 (COF dals 30 da sett. 2016, COCF dals 10 da nov. 2016 – AS 2017 6731; BBl 2015 2065; 2016 7587; 2017 3387).Art. 84 Transit da las Alps* La Confederaziun protegia il territori da las Alps da las consequenzas negativas dal traffic da transit. Ella limitescha las grevezzas tras il traffic da transit per ch’ellas na sajan betg nuschaivlas ni per ils umans, ni per ils animals, ni per las plantas e n’er betg per lur spazis da viver. Il traffic da martganzia transalpin da cunfin a cunfin succeda cun la viafier. Il Cussegl federal prenda las mesiras necessarias. Excepziuns èn be admissiblas, sch’ellas èn indispensablas. Ellas ston vegnir definidas pli detagliadamain en ina lescha. La capacitad da las vias da transit en il territori da las Alps na dastga betg vegnir augmentada. Questa restricziun na vala betg per vias da sviament che distgargian ils lieus dal traffic da transit. Cun disposiziun transitorica.Art. 85 Taxa sin il traffic da camiuns pesants* La Confederaziun po incassar sin il traffic da camiuns pesants ina taxa dependenta da la prestaziun e dal consum da carburant, uschenavant ch’il traffic da camiuns pesants chaschuna custs a la generalitad che n’èn betg cuvrids d’autras prestaziuns u taxas. Il retgav net che resulta da la taxa vegn duvrà per cuvrir ils custs che stattan en connex cun il traffic terrester. Ils chantuns vegnan participads al retgav net. Tar la calculaziun da las parts èn da resguardar particularmain ils effects da la taxa sin las regiuns muntagnardas e periferas. Cun disposiziun transitorica. Acceptà en la votaziun dal pievel dals 9 da favr. 2014, en vigur dapi il 1. da schan. 2016 (COF dals 20 da zer. 2013, COCF dals 13 da matg 2014, COCF dals 2 da zer. 2014, COCF dals 6 da zer. 2014 – AS 2015 645; BBl 2010 6637; 2012 1577; 2013 4725, 6518; 2014 4113, 4117).Art. 85a Taxa per l’utilisaziun da las vias naziunalasLa Confederaziun incassescha ina taxa per l’utilisaziun da las vias naziunalas cun vehichels a motor e cun chars annexs che n’èn betg suttamess a la taxa sin il traffic da camiuns pesants. Acceptà en la votaziun dal pievel dals 12 da favr. 2017, en vigur dapi il 1. da schan. 2018 (COF dals 30 da sett. 2016, COCF dals 10 da nov. 2016 – AS 2017 6731; BBl 2015 2065; 2016 7587; 2017 3387).Art. 86 Impundaziun da taxas per incumbensas ed expensas en connex cun il traffic sin via* Las vias naziunalas sco er las contribuziuns a mesiras per meglierar l’infrastructura da traffic en citads ed aglomeraziuns en connex cun il traffic sin via vegnan finanziadas sur in fond. Al fond vegnan assegnads ils suandants meds finanzials:a. il retgav net da la taxa per l’utilisaziun da las vias naziunalas tenor l’artitgel 85a;b. il retgav net da la taglia speziala da consum tenor l’artitgel 131 alinea 1 litera d;c. il retgav net dal supplement tenor l’artitgel 131 alinea 2 litera a;d. il retgav net da la taxa tenor l’artitgel 131 alinea 2 litera b;e. ina part dal retgav net da la taglia da consum sin tut ils carburants, cun excepziun dals carburants d’aviatica, tenor l’artitgel 131 alinea 1 litera e; la part importa 9 pertschient dals meds finanzials tenor la litera c e 9 pertschient da la mesadad dal retgav net da la taglia da consum sin tut ils carburants, cun excepziun dals carburants d’aviatica, maximalmain però 310 milliuns francs per onn; la lescha regla l’indexaziun da quest import;f. per regla 10 pertschient dal retgav net da la taglia da consum sin tut ils carburants, cun excepziun dals carburants d’aviatica, tenor l’artitgel 131 alinea 1 litera e;g. ils retgavs da la finanziaziun speziala tenor l’alinea 3 litera g e da contribuziuns dals chantuns per cumpensar custs supplementars che resultan da l’integraziun da novs trajects en la rait da vias naziunalas;h. ulteriurs meds finanzials assegnads tras la lescha che stattan en connex cun il traffic sin via. Per las suandantas incumbensas ed expensas en connex cun il traffic sin via vegn manada ina finanziaziun speziala:a. las contribuziuns a mesiras per promover il traffic cumbinà ed il transport da vehichels a motor accumpagnads;b. las contribuziuns als custs per las vias principalas;c. las contribuziuns ad ovras da protecziun cunter forzas da la natira ed a mesiras da la protecziun da l’ambient e da la cuntrada che daventan necessarias pervia dal traffic sin via;d. las contribuziuns generalas als custs dals chantuns per vias ch’èn avertas per il traffic da vehichels a motor;e. las contribuziuns als chantuns senza vias naziunalas;f. la perscrutaziun e l’administraziun;g. las contribuziuns al fond tenor l’alinea 2 litera g. A la finanziaziun speziala vegn bunifitgada la mesadad dal retgav net da la taglia da consum sin tut ils carburants, cun excepziun dals carburants d’aviatica, tenor l’artitgel 131 alinea 1 litera e minus ils meds finanzials tenor l’alinea 2 litera e. Sch’il basegn è cumprovà en la finanziaziun speziala e sch’i duai vegnir furmada ina retenziun adequata en la finanziaziun speziala, ston ils retgavs da la taglia da consum tenor l’artitgel 131 alinea 1 litera d vegnir assegnads a la finanziaziun speziala empè al fond. Acceptà en la votaziun dal pievel dals 12 da favr. 2017, en vigur dapi il 1. da schan. 2018, al. 2 lit. g e 3 lit. g en vigur dapi il 1. da schan. 2020 (COF dals 30 da sett. 2016, COCF dals 10 da nov. 2016 – AS 2017 6731; BBl 2015 2065; 2016 7587; 2017 3387). Cun disposiziun transitorica.Art. 87 Viafiers ed ulteriurs meds da traffic*La legislaziun davart il traffic da viafier, las pendicularas, la navigaziun sco er davart l’aviatica e l’astronautica è chaussa da la Confederaziun. Cun disposiziun transitorica.Art. 87a Infrastructura da viafier* La Confederaziun surpiglia la chargia principala da la finanziaziun da l’infrastructura da viafier. L’infrastructura da viafier vegn finanziada sur in fond. Al fond vegnan attribuids ils suandants meds finanzials:a. maximalmain dus terzs dal retgav che resulta da la taxa sin il traffic da camiuns pesants tenor l’artitgel 85;b. il retgav che resulta da l’augment da la taglia sin la plivalur tenor l’artitgel 130 alinea 3;c. 2,0 pertschient da las entradas che resultan da la taglia federala directa da las persunas natiralas;d. 2300 milliuns francs per onn da las finanzas federalas generalas; la lescha regla l’indexaziun da quest import. Ils chantuns sa participeschan en moda adequata a la finanziaziun da l’infrastructura da viafier. La lescha regla ils detagls. La lescha po prevair ina finanziaziun cumplementara tras terzas persunas. Acceptà en la votaziun dal pievel dals 9 da favr. 2014, en vigur dapi il 1. da schan. 2016 (COF dals 20 da zer. 2013, COCF dals 13 da matg 2014, COCF dals 2 da zer. 2014, COCF dals 6 da zer. 2014 – AS 2015 645; BBl 2010 6637; 2012 1577; 2013 4725, 6518; 2014 4113, 4117). Cun disposiziun transitorica.Art. 87b Impundaziun da taxas per incumbensas ed expensas en connex cun il traffic aviaticLa mesadad dal retgav net da la taglia da consum sin carburants d’aviatica ed il supplement sin la taglia da consum sin ils carburants d’aviatica vegnan utilisads per las suandantas incumbensas ed expensas en connex cun il traffic aviatic:a. las contribuziuns a mesiras da la protecziun da l’ambient che daventan necessarias pervia dal traffic aviatic;b. las contribuziuns a mesiras da segirezza per proteger il traffic aviatic cunter acts illegals, en spezial attentats terroristics e rapiments, uschenavant che questas mesiras n’èn betg chaussa d’autoritads statalas;c. las contribuziuns a mesiras per promover in aut nivel da segirezza tecnica en il traffic aviatic. Acceptà en la votaziun dal pievel dals 12 da favr. 2017, en vigur dapi il 1. da schan. 2018 (COF dals 30 da sett. 2016, COCF dals 10 da nov. 2016 – AS 2017 6731; BBl 2015 2065; 2016 7587; 2017 3387).Art. 88 Sendas, vias da viandar e vias da velo La Confederaziun fixescha ils princips per raits da sendas, da vias da viandar e da vias da velo. Ella po sustegnair e coordinar mesiras dals chantuns e da terzas persunas per crear e mantegnair talas raits sco er concernent l’infurmaziun davart questas raits. En quest connex respecta ella las cumpetenzas dals chantuns. Ademplind sias incumbensas resguarda ella talas raits. Ella remplazza vias ch’ella ha d’eliminar. Acceptà en la votaziun dal pievel dals 23 da sett. 2018, en vigur dapi ils 23 da sett. 2018 (COF dals 13 da mars 2018, COCF dals 21 da schan. 2019 – AS 2019 525; BBl 2016 1791; 2017 5901; 2018 1859; 2019 1311).6. partiziun Energia e communicaziunArt. 89 Politica d’energia La Confederaziun ed ils chantuns s’engaschan en il rom da lur cumpetenzas per in provediment d’energia suffizient, diversifitgà, segir, economic ed ecologicamain acceptabel sco er per in consum d’energia spargnus e raziunal. La Confederaziun fixescha ils princips per l’utilisaziun da l’energia indigena e regenerabla e per in consum d’energia spargnus e raziunal. La Confederaziun decretescha prescripziuns davart il consum d’energia da stabiliments, vehichels ed apparats. Ella promova il svilup da tecnicas d’energia, spezialmain en ils secturs dal spargnar energia e da las energias regenerablas. Per mesiras che pertutgan il consum d’energia en edifizis èn cumpetents oravant tut ils chantuns. La Confederaziun tegna quint en sia politica d’energia da las stentas dals chantuns e da las vischnancas sco er da l’economia; ella resguarda las relaziuns en las singulas regiuns dal pajais e quai ch’è economicamain supportabel.Art. 90 Energia nucleara*La legislaziun sin il champ da l’energia nucleara è chaussa da la Confederaziun. Cun disposiziun transitorica.Art. 91 Transport d’energia La Confederaziun decretescha prescripziuns davart il transport e la furniziun da l’energia electrica. La legislaziun davart conducts da bischens per transportar carburants u combustibels liquids u en furma da gas è chaussa da la Confederaziun.Art. 92 Posta e telecommunicaziun Ils fatgs da posta e telecommunicaziun èn chaussa da la Confederaziun. La Confederaziun procura per in provediment suffizient ed ad in pretsch raschunaivel da servetschs da posta e da telecommunicaziun en tut las parts dal pajais. Las tariffas vegnan fixadas tenor princips unitars.Art. 93 Radio e televisiun La legislaziun davart radio e televisiun sco er davart autras furmas da telediffusiun publica da represchentaziuns ed infurmaziuns suttastat a la Confederaziun. Il radio e la televisiun contribueschan a la furmaziun ed al svilup cultural, a la furmaziun libra da l’opiniun sco er al divertiment. Els resguardan las atgnadads dal pajais ed ils basegns dals chantuns. Els preschentan ils eveniments a moda correcta ed reflecteschan adequatamain la diversitad da las opiniuns. L’independenza dal radio e da la televisiun sco er l’autonomia en la furmaziun dals programs èn garantidas. Igl è da prender resguard da la situaziun e dals pensums d’autras medias, oravant tut da la pressa. Protestas concernent programs pon vegnir inoltradas ad ina instanza da recurs independenta per il giudicament.7. partiziun EconomiaArt. 94 Princips da l’urden economic La Confederaziun ed ils chantuns sa tegnan al princip da la libertad economica. Els defendan ils interess da l’economia svizra cumplessiva e contribueschan cun l’economia privata a la prosperitad ed a la segirezza economica da la populaziun. En il rom da lur cumpetenzas procuran els per cundiziuns da basa favuraivlas per l’economia privata. Divergenzas dal princip da la libertad economica, surtut er mesiras che sa drizzan cunter la concurrenza, èn be admessas, sch’ellas èn previsas en la Constituziun federala u fundadas tras dretgs da regals chantunals.Art. 95 Activitad da gudogn en l’economia privata* La Confederaziun po decretar prescripziuns davart l’activitad da gudogn en l’economia privata. Ella procura per in spazi economic omogen en Svizra. Ella garantescha che persunas cun ina scolaziun scientifica u cun in diplom d’ina scola federala, chantunala u renconuschì d’in chantun possian exequir lur professiun en l’entira Svizra. Per proteger l’economia publica, la proprietad privata ed ils acziunaris ed er en il senn d’ina gestiun persistenta d’interpresas definescha la lescha directivas per las societads d’aczias svizras, quotadas en Svizra u a l’exteriur, tenor ils princips suandants:a. La radunanza generala votescha mintga onn davart la summa totala da las remuneraziuns (daners e valur da las prestaziuns materialas) per il cussegl d’administraziun, per la direcziun generala e per il cussegl consultativ. Ella elegia mintga onn il president dal cussegl d’administraziun e mintga singul commember dal cussegl d’administraziun e da la cumissiun da remuneraziun sco er in represchentant independent da las persunas cun il dretg da votar. Las cassas da pensiun voteschan en l’interess da lur persunas assicuradas e rendan transparent co ch’ellas han votà. Ils acziunaris pon votar electronicamain sin distanza; els na pon betg vegnir represchentads d’in commember d’in organ da la societad u d’in depositari.b. Ils commembers dals organs da la societad na survegnan naginas indemnisaziuns da partenza u autras indemnisaziuns, naginas remuneraziuns anticipadas, naginas premias per cumpras e venditas d’interpresas e nagins contracts supplementars da consulenza u da lavur cun societads da la medema gruppa. La gestiun da la societad na dastga betg vegnir delegada ad ina persuna giuridica.c. Ils statuts regleschan l’import dals credits, emprests e rentas als commembers dals organs da la societad, sco er lur plans da reussida, ils plans da participaziun, il dumber permiss da mandats ordaifer il concern sco er la durada dals contracts da lavur dals commembers da la direcziun generala.d. La violaziun da las disposiziuns tenor las literas a–c vegn sancziunada cun in chasti da detenziun fin a trais onns e cun in chasti pecuniar fin a sis remuneraziuns annualas. Cun disposiziun transitorica. Acceptà en la votaziun dal pievel dals 3 da mars 2013, en vigur dapi ils 3 da mars 2013 (COF dals 15 da nov. 2012 e dals 30 d’avr. 2013 – AS 2013 1303; BBl 2006 8755; 2008 2577; 2009 299; 2012 9219; 2013 3129).Art. 96 Politica da concurrenza La Confederaziun decretescha prescripziuns cunter consequenzas economicamain u socialmain nuschaivlas da cartels e d’autras restricziuns da la concurrenza. Ella prenda mesiras:a. per impedir abus en la furmaziun dals pretschs tras interpresas ed organisaziuns da dretg privat u da dretg public cun ina posiziun dominanta sin il martgà;b. cunter la concurrenza illoiala.Art. 97 Protecziun da consumentas e consuments La Confederaziun prenda mesiras per proteger las consumentas ed ils consuments. Ella decretescha prescripziuns davart ils meds giuridics che stattan a disposiziun a las organisaziuns dals consuments. Sin il sectur da la legislaziun federala davart la concurrenza illoiala han questas organisaziuns ils medems dretgs sco las federaziuns professiunalas ed economicas. Ils chantuns prevesan per dispitas fin ad ina tscherta valur ina procedura da mediaziun u ina procedura giudiziala simpla e speditiva. Il Cussegl federal fixescha il limit da la valur en lita.Art. 98 Bancas ed assicuranzas La Confederaziun decretescha prescripziuns davart las bancas e la bursa; latiers tegna ella quint da l’incumbensa e da la situaziun speziala da las bancas chantunalas. Ella po decretar prescripziuns davart prestaziuns da servetsch finanzialas sin auters secturs. Ella decretescha prescripziuns davart las assicuranzas privatas.Art. 99 Politica monetara  Ils fatgs monetars suttastattan a la Confederaziun; ella suletta ha il dretg d’emetter munaida e bancnotas. La Banca naziunala svizra fa sco banca centrala independenta ina politica monetara che serva als interess generals dal pajais; ella vegn administrada cun la cooperaziun e sut la surveglianza da la Confederaziun. La Banca naziunala svizra furma ord ses retgavs reservas monetaras suffizientas; ina part da questas reservas vegn fatga cun aur. Il retgav net da la Banca naziunala svizra va per almain dus terzs als chantuns.Art. 100 Politica da conjunctura La Confederaziun prenda mesiras per segirar in svilup equilibrà da la conjunctura, particularmain per prevegnir e cumbatter la dischoccupaziun e la chareschia. Ella resguarda il svilup economic da las singulas regiuns dal pajais. Ella collavura cun ils chantuns e cun l’economia. En ils fatgs monetars e da credit, en l’economia exteriura e sin il sectur da las finanzas publicas po ella divergiar dal princip da la libertad economica, sche quai è necessari. La Confederaziun, ils chantuns e las vischnancas resguardan la situaziun da la conjunctura en lur politica d’entradas e d’expensas. Per stabilisar la conjunctura po la Confederaziun incassar temporarmain supplements u conceder rabats sin taxas e taglias previsas dal dretg federal. Ils meds incassads en questa maniera èn da bloccar. Suenter ch’els vegnan dads liber, vegnan taxas e taglias directas restituidas individualmain, las taxas e taglias indirectas vegnan duvradas per conceder rabats u per procurar lavur. La Confederaziun po obligar las interpresas da furmar reservas per procurar lavur; ella conceda per la paja levgiaments da taglias e po er obligar ils chantuns da far il medem. Suenter che questas reservas èn vegnidas dadas libras decidan las interpresas libramain davart lur diever en il rom dals intents previs da la lescha.Art. 101 Politica d’economia da l’exteriur La Confederaziun defenda ils interess da l’economia svizra en l’exteriur. En cas spezials po ella prender mesiras per proteger l’economia indigena. Sch’i fa da basegn po ella divergiar dal princip da la libertad economica.Art. 102 Provediment dal pajais* La Confederaziun segirescha il provediment dal pajais cun bains e servetschs necessaris per viver en cas da smanatschas da la politica da pussanza u da guerras sco er en situaziuns da grevas mancanzas che l’economia na po betg dumagnar be cun agens meds. Ella prenda las mesiras preventivas. Sch’i fa da basegn po ella divergiar dal princip da la libertad economica. Cun disposiziun transitorica.Art. 103 Politica da structura*La Confederaziun po sustegnair regiuns dal pajais economicamain smanatschadas sco er promover branschas economicas e professiuns, sche mesiras raschunaivlas da l’agen agid na bastan betg per segirar lur existenza. Sch’i fa basegn po ella divergiar dal princip da la libertad economica. Cun disposiziun transitorica.Art. 104 Agricultura La Confederaziun procura che l’agricultura prestia cun ina producziun persistenta ed orientada vers il martgà ina contribuziun essenziala per:a. in provediment segir da la populaziun;b. il mantegniment da la basa da viver natirala e per la tgira d’ina cuntrada cultivada;c. l’urbanisaziun decentralisada dal pajais. Cumplettond l’agen agid ch’ins po pretender da l’agricultura e, sche necessari er divergiond dal princip da la libertad economica, promova la Confederaziun ils manaschis purils che cultiveschan il terren. Ella fixescha mesiras per che l’agricultura possia ademplir sias incumbensas multifaras. Ella ha particularmain las sequentas cumpetenzas ed incumbensas:a. Ella cumplettescha l’entrada dals purs cun pajaments directs per realisar ina indemnisaziun commensurada per las prestaziuns furnidas, cun la premissa ch’ina prestaziun ecologica saja cumprovada.b. Ella promova furmas da producziun cun impuls economics avantagius che resguardan spezialmain la natira, l’ambient ed ils animals.c. Ella decretescha prescripziuns concernent la decleraziun da l’origin, da la qualitad, da la metoda da producziun e da la procedura d’elavuraziun per victualias.d. Ella protegia l’ambient da donns chaschunads dal diever exagerà da fertilisaders, da chemicalias e d’autras materias auxiliaras.e. Ella po promover la perscrutaziun, la cussegliaziun e la scolaziun agricula ed er prestar agids d’investiziun.f. Ella po decretar prescripziuns per consolidar la proprietad funsila dals purs. Ella metta a disposiziun per quest intent meds finanzials liads a l’intent dal sectur agricul e meds generals da la Confederaziun.Art. 104a Segirezza alimentaraPer garantir il provediment da la populaziun cun victualias stgaffescha la Confederaziun premissas per:a. la garanzia da la basa per la producziun agricula, en spezial il terren cultivabel;b. ina producziun da victualias ch’è adattada a las cundiziuns localas e che dovra las resursas en moda effizienta;c. in’agricultura ed in’economia alimentara ch’èn orientadas al martgà;d. relaziuns commerzialas transcunfinalas che gidan a sviluppar en moda persistenta l’agricultura e l’economia alimentara;e. in diever da victualias che spargna resursas. Acceptà en la votaziun dal pievel dals 24 da sett. 2017, en vigur dapi ils 24 da sett. 2017 (COF dals 14 da mars 2017, COCF dals 30 da nov. 2017 – AS 2017 6735; BBl 2014 6135; 2015 5753; 2017 2495, 7829).Art. 105 AlcoholLa legislaziun davart la fabricaziun, l’import, la purificaziun e la vendita da vinars suttastat a la Confederaziun. Ella tegna particularmain quint dals effects nuschaivels dal consum d’alcohol.Art. 106 Gieus per daners La Confederaziun decretescha prescripziuns davart ils gieus per daners, tegnend quint dals interess dals chantuns. Per installar e per manar bancas da gieu è necessaria ina concessiun da la Confederaziun. Tar la surdada da concessiuns resguarda la Confederaziun las cundiziuns regiunalas. Ella incassescha ina taxa sin bancas da gieu che dependa dal retgav; la taxa na dastga betg surpassar 80 pertschient dal retgav brut da gieu. Questa taxa è destinada a l’assicuranza per vegls, survivents ed invaliditad. Ils chantuns èn cumpetents per permetter e per survegliar:a. ils gieus per daners accessibels ad in dumber illimità da persunas en plirs lieus ed en ils quals i vegn tratg la sort u procedì en moda sumeglianta; exceptads èn ils sistems da jackpot da las bancas da gieu;b. las scumessas da sport;c. ils gieus d’inschign. Ils alineas 2 e 3 vegnan er applitgads per ils gieus per daners purschids a basa da la telecommunicaziun. La Confederaziun ed ils chantuns tegnan quint dals privels en connex cun ils gieus per daners. Tras la legislaziun e tras mesiras da surveglianza garanteschan els ina protecziun adequata, resguardond en quest connex las differentas caracteristicas dals gieus sco er la furma ed il lieu da la purschida. Ils chantuns garanteschan ch’ils retgavs nets dals gieus tenor l’alinea 3 literas a e b vegnian duvrads dal tuttafatg per intents d’utilitad publica, en spezial en ils secturs da la cultura, dals fatgs socials e dal sport. La Confederaziun ed ils chantuns sa coordineschan per ademplir lur incumbensas. Perquai stgaffescha la lescha in organ cuminaivel che sa cumpona mintgamai per la mesadad da commembers dals organs executivs da la Confederaziun e dals chantuns. Acceptà en la votaziun dal pievel dals 11 da mars 2012, en vigur dapi ils 11 da mars 2012 (COF dals 29 da sett. 2011, COCF dals 20 da zer. 2012 – AS 2012 3629; BBl 2009 7019; 2010 7961; 2012 6623).Art. 107 Armas e material da guerra La Confederaziun decretescha prescripziuns cunter il diever abusiv d’armas, d’accessoris d’armas e da muniziun. Ella decretescha prescripziuns davart la fabricaziun, l’acquist e la vendita sco er davart l’import, l’export ed il transit da material da guerra.8. partiziun Abitar, lavur, segirezza sociala e sanadadArt. 108 Promoziun da la construcziun d’abitaziuns e da la proprietad d’abitaziuns La Confederaziun promova la construcziun d’abitaziuns ed er l’acquist da proprietad d’abitaziuns e da chasas destinadas al diever persunal da privats sco er l’activitad da purtaders ed organisaziuns per la construcziun d’abitaziuns d’util public. Ella promova oravant tut l’acquist e l’avertura da terren per la construcziun d’abitaziuns, la raziunalisaziun e la reducziun dals pretschs per la construcziun d’abitaziuns sco er la reducziun dals custs d’abitar. Ella po decretar prescripziuns davart l’avertura da terren per la construcziun d’abitaziuns e davart la raziunalisaziun da la construcziun. Ella resguarda particularmain ils interess da famiglias, d’attempads, da persunas basegnusas e d’impedids.Art. 109 Fatgs da fittanza La Confederaziun po decretar prescripziuns cunter ils abus en ils fatgs da fittanza, surtut cunter tschains da fittanza abusivs, sco er davart la pussaivladad da protestar cunter disditgas abusivas e davart la prolungaziun limitada da relaziuns da fittanza. Ella po decretar prescripziuns davart la decleraziun cun vigur lianta da contracts da fittanza generals. Tals contracts dastgan be vegnir declerads sco generalmain liants, sch’els tegnan quint a moda commensurada dals interess motivads da minoritads sco er da las differenzas regiunalas e sch’els na pregiuditgeschan betg l’egualitad da dretg.Art. 110 Lavur* La Confederaziun po decretar prescripziuns davart:a. la protecziun da las lavurantas e dals lavurants;b. la relaziun tranter patruns e lavurants, particularmain davart la reglamentaziun communabla da dumondas da manaschi e fatgs professiunals;c. l’intermediaziun da lavur;d. la decleraziun cun vigur lianta da contracts da lavur collectivs. Contracts da lavur collectivs dastgan vegnir declerads sco generalmain liants, sch’els tegnan quint a moda commensurada dals interess motivads da minoritads sco er da las differenzas regiunalas e sch’els na pregiuditgeschan betg la libertad sindicala. Il 1. d’avust è il di da la festa naziunala. Concernent il dretg da lavur è el egual a las dumengias ed è pajà. Cun disposiziun transitorica.Art. 111 Prevenziun per vegls, survivents ed invalids La Confederaziun prenda mesiras per ina prevenziun suffizienta per vegls, survivents ed invalids. Quella sa basa sin trais pitgas, numnadamain sin l’assicuranza federala per vegls, survivents ed invalids, sin la prevenziun professiunala e sin la prevenziun individuala.La Confederaziun procura che l’assicuranza per vegls, survivents ed invalids sco er la prevenziun professiunala possian ademplir lur intents permanentamain. Ella po obligar ils chantuns da liberar da la taglia las instituziuns da l’assicuranza federala per vegls, survivents ed invalids sco er da la prevenziun professiunala e conceder als assicurads ed a lur patrunas e patruns levgiaments da taglia sin contribuziuns e dretgs ch’els pon pretender. En collavuraziun cun ils chantuns promova ella la prevenziun individuala, particularmain cun mesiras da la politica fiscala e da la politica da proprietad.Art. 112 Assicuranza da vegls, survivents ed invalids* La Confederaziun decretescha prescripziuns davart l’assicuranza da vegls, survivents ed invalids.  Ella observa ils suandants princips:a. L’assicuranza è obligatorica.a. Ella conceda prestaziuns finanzialas e materialas.b. Las rentas han da cuvrir commensuradamain il basegn d’existenza.c. La renta maximala correspunda sin il pli al dubel da la renta minimala.d. Las rentas vegnan adattadas almain da tut al svilup dals pretschs. L’assicuranza vegn finanziada:a. tras contribuziuns dals assicurads; latiers pajan las patrunas ed ils patruns la mesadad da las contribuziuns per lur lavurantas e lavurants;b. tras prestaziuns da la Confederaziun. Las prestaziuns da la Confederaziun muntan sin il pli la mesadad da las expensas. Las prestaziuns da la Confederaziun vegnan cuvridas en emprima lingia ord il retgav net da la taglia sin tubac, da la taglia sin vinars e da la taxa sin bancas da gieus. ... Cun disposiziun transitorica. Acceptà en la votaziun dal pievel dals 28 da nov. 2004, en vigur dapi il 1. da schan. 2008 (COF dals 3 d’oct. 2003, COCF dals 26 da schan. 2005, COCF dals 7 da nov. 2007 – AS 2007 5765; BBl 2002 2291; 2003 6591; 2005 951). Acceptà en la votaziun dal pievel dals 28 da nov. 2004, en vigur dapi il 1. da schan. 2008 (COF dals 3 d’oct. 2003, COCF dals 26 da schan. 2005, COCF dals 7 da nov. 2007 – AS 2007 5765; BBl 2002 2291; 2003 6591; 2005 951). Acceptà en la votaziun dal pievel dals 28 da nov. 2004, en vigur dapi il 1. da schan. 2008 (COF dals 3 d’oct. 2003, COCF dals 26 da schan. 2005, COCF dals 7 da nov. 2007 – AS 2007 5765; BBl 2002 2291; 2003 6591; 2005 951). Abolì en la votaziun dal pievel dals 28 da nov. 2004, cun effect dapi il 1. da schan. 2008 (COF dals 3 d’oct. 2003, COCF dals 26 da schan. 2005, COCF dals 7 da nov. 2007 – AS 2007 5765; BBl 2002 2291; 2003 6591; 2005 951).Art. 112a Prestaziuns supplementaras La Confederaziun ed ils chantuns pajan prestaziuns supplementaras a persunas, tar las qualas las prestaziuns da l’assicuranza per vegls, survivents ed invalids na cuvran betg il basegn d’existenza. La lescha fixescha la dimensiun da las prestaziuns supplementaras sco er las incumbensas e las cumpetenzas da la Confederaziun e dals chantuns. Acceptà en la votaziun dal pievel dals 28 da nov. 2004, en vigur dapi il 1. da schan. 2008 (COF dals 3 d’oct. 2003, COCF dals 26 da schan. 2005, COCF dals 7 da nov. 2007 – AS 2007 5765; BBl 2002 2291; 2003 6591; 2005 951).Art. 112b Promoziun da l’integraziun d’invalids* La Confederaziun promova l’integraziun d’invalids cun pajar prestaziuns finanzialas e materialas. Per quest intent po ella utilisar ils meds da l’assicuranza d’invalids. Ils chantuns promovan l’integraziun d’invalids, spezialmain tras contribuziuns vi da la construcziun e vi da la gestiun d’instituziuns che servan ad abitar ed a lavurar. La lescha fixescha las finamiras, ils princips ed ils criteris da l’integraziun. Acceptà en la votaziun dal pievel dals 28 da nov. 2004, en vigur dapi il 1. da schan. 2008 (COF dals 3 d’oct. 2003, COCF dals 26 da schan. 2005, COCF dals 7 da nov. 2007 – AS 2007 5765; BBl 2002 2291; 2003 6591; 2005 951). Cun disposiziun transitorica.Art. 112c Agid als attempads ed als impedids* Ils chantuns procuran per l’agid e per la tgira dals attempads e dals impedids a chasa. La Confederaziun sustegna stentas per tut la Svizra en favur dals attempads e dals impedids a chasa. Per quest intent po ella impunder meds finanzials da l’assicuranza da vegls, survivents ed invalids. Acceptà en la votaziun dal pievel dals 28 da nov. 2004, en vigur dapi il 1. da schan. 2008 (COF dals 3 d’oct. 2003, COCF dals 26 da schan. 2005, COCF dals 7 da nov. 2007 – AS 2007 5765; BBl 2002 2291; 2003 6591; 2005 951). Cun disposiziun transitorica.Art. 113 Prevenziun professiunala* La Confederaziun decretescha prescripziuns davart la prevenziun professiunala. Ella observa ils suandants princips:a. La prevenziun professiunala pussibilitescha ensemen cun l’assicuranza da vegls, survivents ed invalids da mantegnair il nivel da viver anteriur a moda commensurada.b. La prevenziun professiunala è obligatorica per lavurantas e lavurants; la lescha po prevair excepziuns.c. Las patrunas ed ils patruns assicureschan lur lavurantas e lavurants tar ina instituziun da prevenziun; sche necessari dat la Confederaziun ad els la pussaivladad d’assicurar las lavurantas ed ils lavurants tar ina instituziun da prevenziun federala.d. Persunas cun gudogn independent pon s’assicurar voluntarmain tar ina instituziun da prevenziun.e. Per tschertas gruppas da persunas cun gudogn independent po la prevenziun professiunala vegnir declerada sco obligatorica, saja quai generalmain u per singulas ristgas. La prevenziun professiunala vegn finanziada tras las contribuziuns dals assicurads; latiers pajan las patrunas ed ils patruns almain la mesadad da las contribuziuns da lur lavurantas e lavurants. Las instituziuns da prevenziun ston satisfar a las pretensiuns minimalas dal dretg federal; per la schliaziun d’incumbensas spezialas po la Confederaziun prevair mesiras applitgablas en tut la Svizra. Cun disposiziun transitorica.Art. 114 Assicuranza da dischoccupads La Confederaziun decretescha prescripziuns davart l’assicuranza da dischoccupads. Ella observa ils suandants princips:a. L’assicuranza conceda ina cumpensaziun commensurada da l’acquist e sustegna mesiras destinadas per impedir e cumbatter la dischoccupaziun.b. La participaziun è obligatorica per lavurantas e lavurants; la lescha po prevair excepziuns.c. Persunas cun gudogn independent pon s’assicurar voluntarmain. L’assicuranza vegn finanziada tras las contribuziuns dals assicurads; latiers pajan las patrunas e patruns la mesadad da las contribuziuns per lur lavurantas e lavurants. La Confederaziun ed ils chantuns furneschan prestaziuns finanzialas en cas da relaziuns extraordinarias. La Confederaziun po decretar prescripziuns davart il provediment dals dischoccupads.Art. 115 Sustegniment da persunas basegnusasPersunas basegnusas vegnan sustegnidas da lur chantun da domicil. La Confederaziun regla las excepziuns e las cumpetenzas.Art. 116 Supplements da famiglias ed assicuranza da maternitad Ademplind sias incumbensas resguarda la Confederaziun ils basegns da la famiglia. Ella po sustegnair mesiras per la protecziun da la famiglia. Ella po decretar prescripziuns davart ils supplements da famiglia e manar ina cassa federala da cumpensaziun. Ella instituescha in’assicuranza da maternitad. Er persunas che na pon betg giudair las prestaziuns da l’assicuranza pon vegnir obligadas da pajar contribuziuns. La Confederaziun po declerar sco obligatorica la participaziun a cassas da cumpensaziun per famiglias e l’assicuranza da maternitad, saja quai generalmain u per singulas gruppas da la populaziun; ella po far dependentas sias prestaziuns da prestaziuns commensuradas dals chantuns.Art. 117 Assicuranza da malsauns e cunter accidentsLa Confederaziun decretescha prescripziuns davart l’assicuranza da malsauns e cunter accidents. Ella po declerar sco obligatorica l’assicuranza da malsauns e cunter accidents, saja quai generalmain u per singulas gruppas da la populaziun.Art. 117a Provediment medicinal da basa En il rom da lur cumpetenzas procuran la Confederaziun ed ils chantuns che tuts hajan access ad in provediment medicinal da basa suffizient e d’auta qualitad. Els renconuschan e promovan la medischina da famiglia sco cumponenta essenziala da quest provediment da basa. La Confederaziun decretescha prescripziuns davart:a. la scolaziun e la furmaziun supplementara per professiuns dal provediment medicinal da basa e las pretensiuns per pratitgar questas professiuns;b. l’indemnisaziun adequata da las prestaziuns da la medischina da famiglia. Acceptà en la votaziun dal pievel dals 18 da matg 2014, en vigur dapi ils 18 da matg 2014 (COF dals 19 da sett. 2013, COCF dals 18 d’avust 2014 – AS 2014 2769; BBl 2010 2939; 2011 4435; 2013 7347; 2014 6349).Art. 117b Tgira* La Confederaziun ed ils chantuns renconuschan e promovan la tgira sco element impurtant dal provediment da la sanadad e procuran che tuts hajan access ad ina tgira suffizienta e d’auta qualitad. Ella ed els garanteschan ch’i dettia in dumber suffizient da tgirunzas e tgirunzs diplomads per il basegn pli e pli grond e che las persunas che lavuran en la tgira vegnian incaricadas confurm a lur scolaziun e confurm a lur cumpetenzas. Acceptà en la votaziun dal pievel dals 28 da nov. 2021, en vigur dapi ils 28 da nov. 2021 (COF dals 18 da zer. 2021, COCF dals 11 d’avr. 2022 – AS 2022 240; BBl 2017 7724; 2018 7653; 2021 1488; 2022 894). Cun disposiziun transitorica.Art. 118 Protecziun da la sanadad En il rom da sias cumpetenzas prenda la Confederaziun mesiras per proteger la sanadad. Ella decretescha prescripziuns davart:a. la manipulaziun da victualias sco er da medicaments, meds narcotics, organissems, chemicalias ed objects che pon periclitar la sanadad;b. il cumbat cunter malsognas d’umans u d’animals transmissiblas e fitg derasadas u privlusas; ella scumonda particularmain reclama da tut gener per products da tubac, che cuntanscha uffants e giuvenils;*c. la protecziun cunter radis ionisants. Acceptà en la votaziun dal pievel dals 13 da favr. 2022, en vigur dapi ils 13 da favr. 2022 (COF dal 1. d’oct. 2021, COCF dals 11 d’avr. 2022 – AS 2022 241; BBl 2019 6883; 2020 7049; 2021 2315; 2022 895). Cun disposiziun transitorica.Art. 118a Medischina cumplementaraEn il rom da lur cumpetenzas procuran la Confederaziun ed ils chantuns ch’i vegnia tegnì quint da la medischina cumplementara. Acceptà en la votaziun dal pievel dals 17 da matg 2009, en vigur dapi ils 17 da matg 2009 (COF dals 3 d’oct. 2008, COCF dals 21 d’oct. 2009 – AS 2009 5325; BBl 2005 6001; 2006 7591; 2008 8229; 2009 7539).Art. 118b Perscrutaziun vi da l’uman La Confederaziun decretescha prescripziuns davart la perscrutaziun vi da l’uman, uschenavant che la protecziun da sia dignitad e da sia persunalitad pretendan quai. En quest connex preserva ella la libertad da la perscrutaziun e tegna quint da l’impurtanza da la perscrutaziun per la sanadad e per la societad. Per la perscrutaziun biologica e medicinala vi da l’uman resguarda ella ils princips suandants:a. mintga project da perscrutaziun premetta che la persuna che sa participescha a quest project u che la persuna ch’è autorisada tenor lescha da far quai haja dà ses consentiment suenter esser vegnida infurmada suffizientamain. La lescha po prevair excepziuns. Ina refusa è en mintga cas lianta;b. ils ristgs e las grevezzas per la persuna che sa participescha ad in project da perscrutaziun na dastgan betg star en ina disproporziun cun il niz che resulta da quest project;c. in project da perscrutaziun dastga vegnir realisà cun persunas incapablas da giuditgar sulettamain, sche enconuschientschas equivalentas na pon betg vegnir cuntanschidas cun persunas capablas da giuditgar. Sch’il project da perscrutaziun na lascha betg spetgar in niz direct per las persunas incapablas da giuditgar, dastgan ils ristgs e las grevezzas esser mo minimals;d. ina examinaziun independenta dal project da perscrutaziun sto confermar che la protecziun da las persunas che sa participeschan a quest project è garantida. Acceptà en la votaziun dal pievel dals 7 da mars 2010, en vigur dapi ils 7 da mars 2010 (COF dals 25 da sett. 2009, COCF dals 15 d’avr. 2010 – AS 2010 1569; BBl 2007 6713; 2009 6649; 2010 2625).Art. 119 Medischina da reproducziun e tecnologia da gens sin il sectur uman L’uman è protegì dal diever abusiv da la medischina da reproducziun e da la tecnologia da gens. La Confederaziun decretescha prescripziuns davart il tractament da schermenza e dal patrimoni genetic da l’uman. Ella procura per la protecziun da la dignitad dals umans, da la persunalitad e da la famiglia ed observa particularmain ils suandants princips:a. Tuts geners da clonar ed intervenziuns en il patrimoni genetic da cellas sexualas e d’embrios èn scumandads.b. Schermenzas e patrimonis genetics na umans na dastgan betg vegnir transferids en schermenzas umanas u vegnir unids cun quellas.c. Las proceduras da reproducziun cun agid da la medischina dastgan be vegnir applitgadas, sche la sterilitad u il privel dal transferiment d’ina greva malsogna na po betg vegnir eliminà autramain, dentant betg per obtegnair tschertas qualitads tar l’uffant u per far perscrutaziuns; la fructificaziun da cellas d’ov umanas ordaifer il corp da la dunna è permessa be sut las cundiziuns fixadas da la lescha; ordaifer il corp da la dunna dastg’ins sviluppar mo tantas cellas d’ov umanas ad embrios sco quai ch’ins dovra per la reproducziun cun agid da la medischina.d. La donaziun d’embrios e tuts geners da maternitads fittadas èn scumandads.e. Cun schermenzas umanas e cun products ord embrios na dastga betg vegnir fatg commerzi.f. Il patrimoni genetic d’ina persuna dastga sulettamain vegnir analisà, registrà u palesà, sche la persuna pertutgada dat il consentiment u sche la lescha prescriva quai.g. Mintga persuna ha access a las datas davart ses origin genetic. Acceptà en la votaziun dal pievel dals 14 da zer. 2015, en vigur dapi ils 14 da zer. 2015 (COF dals 12 da dec. 2014, COCF dals 21 d’avust 2015 – AS 2015 2887; BBl 2013 5853; 2014 9675; 2015 6313).Art. 119a Medischina da transplantaziun La Confederaziun decretescha prescripziuns sin il sectur da la transplantaziun d’organs, tessids e cellas. Ella procura en quest connex per la protecziun da la dignitad umana, da la persunalitad e da la sanadad. Ella fixescha oravant tut ils criteris per in’attribuziun gista dals organs. La donaziun d’organs, da tessids e da cellas d’umans è gratuita. Il commerzi cun organs umans è scumandà. Acceptà en la votaziun dal pievel dals 7 da favr. 1999, en vigur dapi il 1. da schan 2000 (COF dals 26 da zer. 1998, COCF dals 23 da mars 1999 – AS 1999 1341; BBl 1997 III 653; 1998 3473; 1999 2912, 8768).Art. 120 Tecnologia da gens en il sectur betg uman* L’uman e ses ambient èn protegids dal diever abusiv da la tecnologia da gens. La Confederaziun decretescha prescripziuns davart il tractament da la schermenza e dal patrimoni genetic d’animals, da plantas ed d’auters organissems; ella tegna quint da la dignitad da las creatiras sco er da la segirezza dals umans, dals animals e da l’ambient e protegia la varietad genetica da las spezias dals animals e da las plantas. Cun disposiziun transitorica.9. partiziun Dimora e domicil da persunas estrasArt. 121 Legislaziun en il sectur da las persunas estras e dals fatgs d’asil*  La legislaziun davart l’entrada, la partenza, la dimora ed il domicil da persunas estras sco er davart la concessiun d’asil suttastat a la Confederaziun. Las persunas estras pon vegnir expulsadas da la Svizra, sch’ellas pericliteschan la segirezza dal pajais. Ellas perdan lur dretg da dimora sco er las pretensiuns da dretg che stattan en connex cun lur dimora en Svizra, independentamain da lur status tenor il dretg da persunas estras, sch’ellas:a. èn vegnidas sentenziadas cun vigur legala pervia d’in delict da mazzament intenziunà, pervia d’ina violaziun u pervia d’in auter delict sexual grev, pervia d’in auter delict da violenza sco rapina, pervia da commerzi cun umans, pervia da commerzi cun drogas u pervia d’in delict d’infracziun; ub. han retratg en moda abusiva prestaziuns da las assicuranzas socialas u da l’agid social. Il legislatur precisescha ils causals tenor l’alinea 3. El po cumplettar la glista cun ulteriurs causals. Las persunas estras che perdan – tenor ils alineas 3 e 4 – lur dretg da dimora sco er tut las pretensiuns da dretg che stattan en connex cun lur dimora en Svizra ston vegnir expulsadas da l’autoritad cumpetenta or da la Svizra e ston vegnir chastiadas cun in scumond d’entrar en Svizra da 5 fin 15 onns. En cas da repetiziun sto il scumond d’entrar en Svizra vegnir fixà a 20 onns. Tgi che violescha il scumond d’entrar en Svizra u tgi ch’entra en autra moda u maniera illegalmain en Svizra, è culpabel. Il legislatur decretescha las disposiziuns correspundentas. Cun disposiziun transitorica. Acceptà en la votaziun dal pievel dals 9 da favr. 2014, en vigur dapi ils 9 da favr. 2014 (COF dals 27 da sett. 2013, COCF dals 13 matg 2014 – AS 2014 1391; BBl 2011 6269; 2012 3869; 2013 291, 7351; 2014 4117). Acceptà en la votaziun dal pievel dals 28 da nov. 2010, en vigur dapi ils 28 da nov. 2010 (COF dals 18 da zer. 2010, COCF dals 17 mars 2011 – AS 2011 1199; BBl 2008 1927; 2009 5097; 2010 4241; 2011 2771). Acceptà en la votaziun dal pievel dals 28 da nov. 2010, en vigur dapi ils 28 da nov. 2010 (COF dals 18 da zer. 2010, COCF dals 17 mars 2011 – AS 2011 1199; BBl 2008 1927; 2009 5097; 2010 4241; 2011 2771). Acceptà en la votaziun dal pievel dals 28 da nov. 2010, en vigur dapi ils 28 da nov. 2010 (COF dals 18 da zer. 2010, COCF dals 17 mars 2011 – AS 2011 1199; BBl 2008 1927; 2009 5097; 2010 4241; 2011 2771). Acceptà en la votaziun dal pievel dals 28 da nov. 2010, en vigur dapi ils 28 da nov. 2010 (COF dals 18 da zer. 2010, COCF dals 17 mars 2011 – AS 2011 1199; BBl 2008 1927; 2009 5097; 2010 4241; 2011 2771).Art. 121a Regulaziun da l’immigraziun* La Svizra regla en moda autonoma l’immigraziun da persunas estras. Il dumber da permissiuns a persunas estras per la dimora en Svizra vegn limità cun dumbers maximals e cun contingents annuals. Ils dumbers maximals valan per tut las permissiuns dal dretg da persunas estras inclusiv ils fatgs d’asil. Il dretg da survegnir ina dimora durabla, da pudair reunir la famiglia e da survegnir prestaziuns socialas po vegnir limità. Ils dumbers maximals ed ils contingents annuals per persunas estras cun activitad da gudogn ston s’orientar tenor ils interess economics globals da la Svizra, respectond il princip da priorisar las Svizras ed ils Svizzers. En quest connex ston vegnir resguardadas las cunfinarias ed ils cunfinaris. Ils criteris decisivs per conceder permissiuns da dimora èn en spezial la dumonda d’in patrun, l’abilitad da s’integrar ed ina basa d’existenza suffizienta ed independenta. I na dastgan vegnir fatgs nagins contracts internaziunals che cuntrafan a quest artitgel. La lescha regla ils detagls. Acceptà en la votaziun dal pievel dals 9 da favr. 2014, en vigur dapi ils 9 da favr. 2014 (COF dals 27 da sett. 2013, COCF dals 13 matg 2014 – AS 2014 1391; BBl 2011 6269; 2012 3869; 2013 291, 7351; 2014 4117). Cun disposiziun transitorica.10. partiziun Dretg civil, dretg penal, metrologiaArt. 122 Dretg civil La legislaziun concernent il dretg civil ed il dretg da process civil suttastat a la Confederaziun. Ils chantuns èn cumpetents per l’organisaziun da las dretgiras e la giurisdicziun en fatgs civils, uschenavant che la lescha na prevesa nagut auter. Acceptà en la votaziun dal pievel dals 12 da mars 2000, en vigur dapi il 1. da schan. 2007 (COF dals 8 d’oct. 1999, COCF dals 17 da matg 2000, COF dals 8 da mars 2005 – AS 2002 3148; 2006 1059; BBl 1997 I 1; 1999 8633; 2000 2990; 2001 4202).Art. 123 Dretg penal La legislaziun concernent il dretg penal ed il dretg da process penal suttastat a la Confederaziun. Ils chantuns èn cumpetents per l’organisaziun da las dretgiras, la giurisdicziun en fatgs penals sco er per l’execuziun penala e l’execuziun da mesiras, uschenavant che la lescha na prevesa nagut auter. La Confederaziun po decretar prescripziuns davart l’execuziun da chastis e da mesiras. Ella po conceder contribuziuns als chantuns per:a. la construcziun da stabiliments;b. meglieraziuns da l’execuziun da chastis e da mesiras;c. instituziuns ch’exequeschan mesiras educativas en favur d’uffants, giuvenils e giuvens creschids. Acceptà en la votaziun dal pievel dals 12 da mars 2000, en vigur dapi il 1. d’avr. 2003 (COF dals 8 d’oct. 1999, COCF dals 17 da matg 2000, COF dals 24 da sett. 2002 – AS 2002 3148; BBl 1997 I 1; 1999 8633; 2000 2990; 2001 4202). Acceptà en la votaziun dal pievel dals 28 da nov. 2004, en vigur dapi il 1. da schan. 2008 (COF dals 3 d’oct. 2003, COCF dals 26 da schan. 2005, COCF dals 7 da nov. 2007 – AS 2007 5765; BBl 2002 2291; 2003 6591; 2005 951).Art. 123a Sch’in delinquent sexual u violent vegn resguardà sco extremamain privlus e considerà sco indifferent a la terapia en las expertisas ch’èn necessarias per la sentenzia giudiziala, sto el vegnir internà a vita duranta, pervia da la gronda ristga da recidiva. Relaschada anticipada e congedi èn exclus. Novas expertisas pon vegnir fatgas mo, sche novas enconuschientschas scientificas cumprovan ch’il delinquent po vegnir guarì e ch’el na represchenta alura betg pli in privel per la publicitad. L’autoritad ch’ha dismess l’internament sin fundament da questas novas expertisas sto surpigliar la responsabladad per ina recidiva dal delinquent. Tut las expertisas necessarias per giuditgar ils delinquents sexuals e violents ston vegnir fatgas duas spezialists independents vicendaivlamain e cun experientscha, e quai resguardond tut ils elements impurtants per il giudicament. Acceptà en la votaziun dal pievel dals 8 da favr. 2004, en vigur dapi ils 8 da favr. 2004 (COF dals 20 da zer. 2003, COCF dals 21 d’avr. 2004 – AS 2004 2341; BBl 2000 3336; 2001 3433; 2003 4434; 2004 2199).Art. 123b Nunscadenza da la persecuziun penala e dal chasti tar delicts sexuals e pornografics vi d’uffants avant lur pubertadLa persecuziun da delicts sexuals u pornografics vi d’uffants che n’èn betg anc en la pubertad ed il chasti per tals delicts na scadan betg. Acceptà en la votaziun dal pievel dals 30 da nov. 2008, en vigur dapi ils 30 da nov. 2008 (COF dals 13 da zer. 2008, COCF dals 23 da schan. 2009 – AS 2009 471; BBl 2006 3657; 2007 5369; 2008 5245; 2009 605).Art. 123c Mesira suenter delicts sexuals cun uffants u cun persunas inablas da sa defender u da giuditgarTgi ch’è vegnì sentenzià, perquai ch’el ha violà l’integritad sexuala d’in uffant u d’ina persuna dependenta, perda definitivamain il dretg da pratitgar in’activitad professiunala u onurara cun persunas minorennas u dependentas. Acceptà en la votaziun dal pievel dals 18 da matg 2014, en vigur dapi ils 18 da matg 2014 (COCF dals 20 da favr. 2014 – AS 2014 2771; BBl 2009 7021; 2011 4435; 2012 8819; 2014 6349, 1779).Art. 124 Agid a victimasConfederaziun e chantuns procuran che persunas ch’èn vegnidas pregiuditgadas tras in delict en lur integritad corporala, psichica u sexuala, obtegnian agid e vegnian er indemnisadas commensuradamain, sch’ellas èn vegnidas en difficultads economicas pervia dal delict.Art. 125 MetrologiaLa legislaziun davart la metrologia è chaussa da la Confederaziun.3. chapitel Urden da finanzasArt. 126 Gestiun da las finanzas La Confederaziun tegna en equiliber a lunga vista sias expensas ed entradas. L’import maximal da las expensas cumplessivas ch’èn d’approvar en il preventiv sa drizza tenor las entradas stimadas, resguardond la situaziun economica. En cas d’in basegn extraordinari da pajaments po vegnir augmentà commensuradamain l’import maximal tenor l’alinea 2. Davart in augment concluda l’Assamblea federala tenor l’artitgel 159 alinea 3 litera c. Sche las expensas cumplessivas che sa mussan en il quint dal stadi surpassan l’import maximal tenor l’alinea 2 u 3, èn las expensas supplementaras da cumpensar durant ils onns sequents. La lescha regla ils detagls. Acceptà en la votaziun dal pievel dals 2 da dec. 2001, en vigur dapi ils 2 da dec. 2001 (COF dals 22 da zer. 2001, COCF dals 4 da favr. 2002 – AS 2002 241; BBl 2000 4653; 2001 2387, 2878; 2002 1209).Art. 127 Princips da l’imposiziun da taglia La furmaziun da las taglias, particularmain il circul dals pajataglia, l’object da la taglia e la calculaziun da quella, è da reglar en ses princips en la lescha sezza. Uschenavant ch’il gener da taglia permetta quai, èn d’observar oravant tut ils princips da la generalitad e da la regularitad da l’imposiziun da taglia sco er il princip da l’imposiziun tenor la capacitad economica. L’imposiziun dubla da taglia tranter ils chantuns è scumandada. La Confederaziun prenda las mesiras necessarias.Art. 128 Taglias directas* La Confederaziun po incassar ina taglia directa:a. da maximalmain 11,5 pertschient sin l’entrada da persunas natiralas;b. da maximalmain 8,5 pertschient sin il retgav net da las persunas giuridicas;c. ... Fixond las tariffas resguarda la Confederaziun las grevezzas fiscalas da las taglias directas dals chantuns e da las vischnancas. Tar la taglia sin l’entrada da las persunas natiralas vegnan gulivadas periodicamain las consequenzas da la progressiun fraida. La taglia vegn fixada ed incassada dals chantuns. Dal retgav brut da taglia van almain 17 pertschient als chantuns. Questa procentuala po vegnir reducida fin a 15 pertschient, sch’ils effects da la gulivaziun da finanzas pretendan quai. Cun disposiziun transitorica. Acceptà en la votaziun dal pievel dals 28 da nov. 2004, en vigur dapi il 1. da schan. 2007 (COF dals 19 da mars 2004, COCF dals 26 da schan. 2005, COCF dals 2 da favr. 2006 – AS 2006 1057; BBl 2003 1531; 2004 1363; 2005 951). Abolì en la votaziun dal pievel dals 28 da nov. 2004, cun effect dapi il 1. da schan. 2007 (COF dals 19 da mars 2004, COCF dals 26 da schan. 2005, COCF dals 2 da favr. 2006 – AS 2006 1057; BBl 2003 1531; 2004 1363; 2005 951). Acceptà en la votaziun dal pievel dals 28 da nov. 2004, en vigur dapi il 1. da schan. 2008 (COF dals 3 d’oct. 2003, COCF dals 26 da schan. 2005, COCF dals 7 da nov. 2007 – AS 2007 5765; BBl 2002 2291; 2003 6591; 2005 951).Art. 129 Armonisaziun da taglia La Confederaziun fixescha ils princips da l’armonisaziun da las taglias directas da la Confederaziun, dals chantuns e da las vischnancas; ella resguarda las stentas dals chantuns per in’armonisaziun da taglia. L’armonisaziun s’extenda a l’obligaziun da pajar taglia, a l’object ed a la fixaziun temporara da las taglias, al dretg da procedura ed al dretg penal fiscal. Exclus da l’armonisaziun èn particularmain las tariffas da taglia, ils pes da taglia ed ils imports libers da la taglia. La Confederaziun po decretar prescripziuns cunter la concessiun d’avantatgs fiscals nungiustifitgads.Art. 129a Imposiziun speziala da las grondas gruppas d’interpresas Per las grondas gruppas d’interpresas po la Confederaziun decretar prescripziuns davart ina imposiziun en il stadi dal martgà e davart ina imposiziun minimala. Per quest intent sa basa ella sin standards e sin models da prescripziuns internaziunals. Per defender ils interess da l’economia svizra po ella divergiar:a. dals princips da la generalitad e da la regularitad da l’imposiziun sco er dal princip da l’imposiziun sin basa da la capacitad economica tenor l’artitgel 127 alinea 2;b. da las tariffas da taglia maximalas tenor l’artitgel 128 alinea 1; c. da las prescripziuns davart l’execuziun tenor l’artitgel 128 alinea 4 emprima frasa;d. da las excepziuns da l’armonisaziun da taglia tenor l’artitgel 129 alinea 2 segunda frasa. Acceptà en la votaziun dal pievel dals 18 da zer. 2023, en vigur dapi il 1. da schan. 2024 (COF dals 16 da dec. 2022, COCF dals 12 d’avr. 2023, COCF dals 28 d’avust 2023 – AS 2023 482; BBl 2022 1700; 2023 970, 2015).Art. 130 Taglia sin la plivalur* La Confederaziun po incassar ina taglia sin la plivalur cun ina taxa normala da maximalmain 6,5 pertschient ed ina taxa reducida d’almain 2,0 pertschient sin furniziuns d’objects e sin prestaziuns da servetsch inclusiv per agen diever sco er sin imports. La lescha po fixar per la taxaziun da las prestaziuns dal sectur d’alloschament ina taxa tranter la taxa reducida e la taxa normala. Sche la finanziaziun da l’assicuranza per vegls, survivents ed invalids n’è betg pli garantida pervia dal svilup da la structura da vegliadetgna, po la taxa normala vegnir auzada cun ina lescha federala per maximalmain 1 pertschient e la taxa reducida per maximal 0,3 pertschient. Per finanziar l’infrastructura da viafier vegnan augmentadas las tariffas per 0,1 puncts procentuals. Per garantir la finanziaziun da l’assicuranza per vegls e survivents augmenta il Cussegl federal la tariffa normala per 0,4 puncts procentuals sco er la tariffa reducida e la tariffa speziala per prestaziuns d’alloschament per mintgamai 0,1 puncts procentuals, premess ch’il princip da l’unificaziun da la vegliadetgna da referenza da las dunnas e dals umens en l’assicuranza per vegls e survivents vegnia francà en la lescha. Il retgav da l’augment tenor l’alinea 3 vegn attribuì cumplainamain al Fond da cumpensaziun da l’assicuranza per vegls e survivents. 5 pertschient dal retgav betg lià ad in intent vegn impundì per la reducziun da las premias en l’assicuranza da malsauns a favur da las classas d’entradas bassas, sch’i na vegn betg fixada tras la lescha in’autra utilisaziun per distgargiar las classas d’entradas bassas. Acceptà en la votaziun dal pievel dals 28 da nov. 2004, en vigur dapi il 1. da schan. 2007 (COF dals 19 da mars 2004, COCF dals 26 da schan. 2005, COCF dals 2 da favr. 2006 – AS 2006 1057; BBl 2003 1531; 2004 1363; 2005 951). Cun disposiziun transitorica. Dapi il 1. da schan. 2024 importa la taxa speziala per prestaziuns dal sectur d’alloschament 3,8 % (art. 25 al. 4 da la LF dals 12 da zer. 2009 davart la taglia sin la plivalur – SR 641.20). Dapi il 1. da schan. 2024 importan las taxas da la taglia sin la plivalur 8,1 % (taxa normala) e 2,6 % (taxa reducida) (art. 25 al. 1 e 2 da la LF dals 12 da zer. 2009 davart la taglia sin la plivalur – SR 641.20). Acceptà en la votaziun dal pievel dals 9 da favr. 2014, en vigur dapi il 1. da schan. 2016 (COF dals 20 da zer. 2013, COCF dals 13 da matg 2014, COCF dals 2 da zer. 2014, COCF dals 6 da zer. 2014 – AS 2015 645; BBl 2010 6637; 2012 1577; 2013 4725, 6518; 2014 4113, 4117). Acceptà en la votaziun dal pievel dals 25 da sett. 2022, en vigur dapi il 1. da schan. 2024 (COF dals 17 da dec. 2021, COCF dals 9 da dec. 2022, COCF dals 20 da favr. 2023 – AS 2023 91; BBl 2019 6305; 2021 2991; 2023 486). Acceptà en la votaziun dal pievel dals 25 da sett. 2022, en vigur dapi il 1. da schan. 2024 (COF dals 17 da dec. 2021, COCF dals 9 da dec. 2022, COCF dals 20 da favr. 2023 – AS 2023 91; BBl 2019 6305; 2021 2991; 2023 486).Art. 131 Taglias spezialas da consum* La Confederaziun po incassar taglias spezialas da consum sin:a. tubac e products da tubac;b. vinars;c. biera;d. automobils e lur elements;e. petroli, auters ielis minerals, gas natiral ed ils products che vegnan gudagnads a chaschun da lur elavuraziun, sco er sin carburants. Ultra da quai po ella incassar:a. in supplement sin la taglia da consum sin tut ils carburants, cun excepziun dals carburants d’aviatica;b. ina taxa, sch’i vegnan duvrads per il vehichel a motor auters meds da propulsiun ch’ils carburants tenor l’alinea 1 litera e. Sch’ils meds finanzials na bastan betg per ademplir las incumbensas en connex cun il traffic aviatic ch’èn previsas en l’artitgel 87b, incassescha la Confederaziun in supplement sin la taglia da consum sin ils carburants d’aviatica. Ils chantuns obtegnan 10 pertschient dal retgav net or da l’imposiziun da taglia sin vinars. Quests meds èn d’applitgar per cumbatter ils motivs e las consequenzas dal consum da substanzas che chaschunan dependenza. Cun disposiziun transitorica. Acceptà en la votaziun dal pievel dals 12 da favr. 2017, en vigur dapi il 1. da schan. 2018 (COF dals 30 da sett. 2016, COCF dals 10 da nov. 2016 – AS 2017 6731; BBl 2015 2065; 2016 7587; 2017 3387). Acceptà en la votaziun dal pievel dals 12 da favr. 2017, en vigur dapi il 1. da schan. 2018 (COF dals 30 da sett. 2016, COCF dals 10 da nov. 2016 – AS 2017 6731; BBl 2015 2065; 2016 7587; 2017 3387).Art. 132 Taglia da bul e taglia anticipada La Confederaziun po incassar ina taglia da bul sin vaglias, quittanzas da premias d’assicuranza e sin auters documents dal traffic commerzial; exclus da la taglia èn documents en connex cun fatgs funsils u ipotecars. La Confederaziun po incassar ina taglia anticipada sin il retgav da facultads moviblas da chapital, sin gudogns da lottaria sco er sin prestaziuns d’assicuranzas. 10 pertschient dal retgav da taglia van als chantuns. Acceptà en la votaziun dal pievel dals 28 da nov. 2004, en vigur dapi il 1. da schan. 2008 (COF dals 3 d’oct. 2003, COCF dals 26 da schan. 2005, COCF dals 7 da nov. 2007 – AS 2007 5765; BBl 2002 2291; 2003 6591; 2005 951).Art. 133 DazisLa legislaziun davart ils dazis ed autras taxas sin la martganzia che va suror ils cunfins suttastat a la Confederaziun.Art. 134 Exclusiun da taglias chantunalas e communalasQuai che la legislaziun federala inditgescha sco object da la taglia sin la plivalur, da las taglias spezialas da consum, da la taglia da bul e da la taglia anticipada u quai ch’ella declera sco liber da taglias, na dastga betg vegnir engrevgià dals chantuns e da las vischnancas cun taglias sumegliantas.Art. 135 Gulivaziun da finanzas e da grevezzas La Confederaziun decretescha prescripziuns davart ina gulivaziun da finanzas e da grevezzas commensurada tranter la Confederaziun ed ils chantuns sco er tranter ils chantuns. La gulivaziun da finanzas e da grevezzas duai spezialmain:a. reducir las differenzas tranter ils chantuns areguard la capacitad finanziala;b. garantir als chantuns resursas finanzialas minimalas;c. gulivar grevezzas finanzialas sproporziunadas dals chantuns chaschunadas da lur cundiziuns geologicas, topograficas u socio-demograficas;d. promover la collavuraziun interchantunala cun gulivar las grevezzas;e. mantegnair la cumpetitivitad fiscala dals chantuns sin plaun naziunal ed internaziunal. Ils meds per la gulivaziun da las resursas vegnan mess a disposiziun dals chantuns cun bleras resursas e da la Confederaziun. Las prestaziuns dals chantuns cun bleras resursas muntan almain a dus terzs e maximal ad 80 pertschient da las prestaziuns da la Confederaziun. Acceptà en la votaziun dal pievel dals 28 da nov. 2004, en vigur dapi il 1. da schan. 2008 (COF dals 3 d’oct. 2003, COCF dals 26 da schan. 2005, COCF dals 7 da nov. 2007 – AS 2007 5765; BBl 2002 2291; 2003 6591; 2005 951).4. titel Pievel e chantuns1. chapitel Disposiziuns generalasArt. 136 Dretgs politics Tut las Svizras e tut ils Svizzers che han accumplì il 18avel onn e che n’èn betg mess sut avugà pervia da malsogna u flaivlezza da spiert, disponan dals dretgs politics en fatgs federals. Tuts han ils medems dretgs e duairs politics. Els pon sa participar a las elecziuns dal Cussegl naziunal ed a las votaziuns federalas e dastgan lantschar e suttascriver iniziativas dal pievel e referendums en fatgs federals.Art. 137 Partidas politicasLas partidas politicas gidan a furmar l’opiniun e la voluntad dal pievel.2. chapitel Iniziativa e referendumArt. 138 Iniziativa dal pievel per ina revisiun totala da la Constituziun federala 100 000 votantas e votants pon proponer, aifer 18 mais dapi la publicaziun uffiziala da lur iniziativa, ina revisiun totala da la Constituziun federala. Questa proposta è da suttametter al pievel per la votaziun. Acceptà en la votaziun dal pievel dals 9 da favr. 2003, en vigur dapi il 1. d’avust 2003 (COF dals 4 d’oct. 2002, COCF dals 25 da mars 2003, COF dals 19 da zer. 2003 – AS 2003 1949; BBl 2001 4803, 6080; 2002 6485; 2003 3111, 3954, 3960).Art. 139 Iniziativa dal pievel per ina revisiun parziala da la Constituziun federala 100 000 votantas e votants pon pretender ina revisiun parziala da la Constituziun federala, e quai entaifer 18 mais dapi la communicaziun uffiziala da lur iniziativa. L’iniziativa dal pievel per ina revisiun parziala da la Constituziun federala po avair la furma d’ina proposta generala u d’in sboz elavurà. Sche l’iniziativa violescha l’unitad da la furma, l’unitad da la materia u disposiziuns obligantas dal dretg internaziunal, vegn ella declerada sco cumplettamain u parzialmain nunvalaivla da l’Assamblea federala. Sche l’Assamblea federala va d’accord cun ina iniziativa en furma d’ina proposta generala, elavura ella la revisiun parziala en il senn da l’iniziativa e la suttametta a la votaziun dal pievel e dals chantuns. Sch’ella refusa l’iniziativa, suttametta ella questa a la votaziun dal pievel; il pievel decida, sch’igl è da dar suatientscha a l’iniziativa. Sch’il pievel accepta l’iniziativa, elavura l’Assamblea federala in project correspundent. Ina iniziativa en furma d’in sboz elavurà vegn suttamessa a la votaziun dal pievel e dals chantuns. L’Assamblea federala recumonda d’acceptar u da refusar l’iniziativa. Ella po confruntar l’iniziativa cun ina cuntraproposta. Acceptà en la votaziun dal pievel dals 27 da sett. 2009, en vigur dapi ils 27 da sett. 2009 (COF dals 19 da dec. 2008, COCF dal 1. da dec. 2009 – AS 2009 6409; BBl 2008 2891, 2907; 2009 13, 8719).Art. 139a Acceptà en la votaziun dal pievel dals 9 da favr. 2003 (COF dals 4 d’oct. 2002, COCF dals 25 da mars 2003 – AS 2003 1949; BBl 2001 4803, 6080; 2002 6485; 2003 3111). Abolì en la votaziun dal pievel dals 27 da sett. 2009, cun effect dapi ils 27 da sett. 2009 (COF dals 19 da dec. 2008, COCF dal 1. da dec. 2009 – AS 2009 6409; BBl 2008 2891, 2907; 2009 13, 8719). Quest art. n’è mai entrà en vigur en la versiun dal COF dals 4 d’oct. 2002.Art. 139b Procedura en cas da la votaziun davart ina iniziativa cun ina cuntraproposta  Las votantas ed ils votants decidan il medem mument davart l’iniziativa e davart la cuntraproposta. Els pon acceptar domadus projects en votaziun. En la dumonda decisiva pon els inditgar, a qual project ch’els dessan la preferenza en il cas che domadus vegnan acceptads. Cur ch’ina midada da la constituziun vegn acceptada, ma che in project obtegna en la dumonda decisiva la maioritad da las vuschs dal pievel e l’auter la maioritad da las vuschs dals chantuns, alura entra en vigur quel project, tar il qual la summa da la procentuala da las vuschs dal pievel e da las vuschs dals chantuns en la dumonda decisiva è pli auta. Acceptà en la votaziun dal pievel dals 9 da favr. 2003, entrada en vigur dals al. 2 e 3 il 1. d’avust 2003 (COF dals 4 d’oct. 2002, COCF dals 25 da mars 2003, COF dals 19 da zer. 2003 – AS 2003 1949; BBl 2001 4803, 6080; 2002 6485; 2003 3111, 3954, 3960). L’al. 1 n’è mai entrà en vigur en la versiun dal COF dals 4 d’oct. 2002. Acceptà en la votaziun dal pievel dals 27 da sett. 2009, en vigur dapi ils 27 da sett. 2009 (COF dals 19 da dec. 2008, COCF dal 1. da dec. 2009 – AS 2009 6409; BBl 2008 2891, 2907; 2009 13, 8719).Art. 140 Referendum obligatoric Al pievel ed als chantuns vegnan preschentadas per la votaziun:a. las midadas da la Constituziun federala;b. la participaziun ad organisaziuns per la segirezza collectiva u a cuminanzas supranaziunalas;c. las leschas federalas decleradas sco urgentas che n’han nagina basa constituziunala e che han ina durada da validitad che surpassa in onn; talas leschas federalas ston vegnir preschentadas per la votaziun entaifer in onn suenter l’acceptaziun tras l’Assamblea federala. Al pievel vegnan suttamessas per la votaziun:a. las iniziativas dal pievel per ina revisiun totala da la Constituziun federala;a. ...b. las iniziativas dal pievel per ina revisiun parziala da la Constituziun federala en furma d’ina proposta generala, las qualas èn vegnidas refusadas da l’Assamblea federala;c. la dumonda, sch’i saja da realisar ina revisiun totala da la Constituziun federala, en cas ch’ils dus cussegls n’èn betg da la medema opiniun. Acceptà en la votaziun dal pievel dals 9 da favr. 2003 (COF dals 4 d’oct. 2002, COCF dals 25 da mars 2003 – AS 2003 1949; BBl 2001 4803, 6080; 2002 6485; 2003 3111). Abolì en la votaziun dal pievel dals 27 da sett. 2009, cun effect dapi ils 27 da sett. 2009 (COF dals 19 da dec. 2008, COCF dal 1. da dec. 2009 – AS 2009 6409; BBl 2008 2891, 2907; 2009 13, 8719). Questa lit. n’è mai entrà en vigur en la versiun dal COF dals 4 d’oct. 2002. Acceptà en la votaziun dal pievel dals 27 da sett. 2009, en vigur dapi ils 27 da sett. 2009 (COF dals 19 da dec. 2008, COCF dal 1. da dec. 2009 – AS 2009 6409; BBl 2008 2891, 2907; 2009 13, 8719).Art. 141 Referendum facultativ Sche 50 000 votantas e votants u otg chantuns pretendan aifer 100 dis dapi la publicaziun uffiziala in votaziun davart in decret, alura vegnan suttamess a la votaziun dal pievel:a. leschas federalas;b. leschas federalas decleradas sco urgentas cun ina durada da validitad che surpassa in onn;c. conclus federals, sche la constituziun u la lescha prevesan quai;d. contracts internaziunals che1. èn da durada illimitada e nunvisabels,2. prevesan la participaziun ad in’organisaziun internaziunala,3. cuntegnan disposiziuns impurtantas che fixeschan normas da dretg u da las qualas la realisaziun pretenda il decret da leschas federalas. ... Acceptà en la votaziun dal pievel dals 9 da favr. 2003, en vigur dapi il 1. d’avust 2003 (COF dals 4 d’oct. 2002, COCF dals 25 da mars 2003, COF dals 19 da zer. 2003 – AS 2003 1949; BBl 2001 4803, 6080; 2002 6485; 2003 3111, 3954, 3960). Acceptà en la votaziun dal pievel dals 9 da favr. 2003, en vigur dapi il 1. d’avust 2003 (COF dals 4 d’oct. 2002, COCF dals 25 da mars 2003, COF dals 19 da zer. 2003 – AS 2003 1949; BBl 2001 4803, 6080; 2002 6485; 2003 3111, 3954, 3960). Abolì en la votaziun dal pievel dals 9 da favr. 2003, cun effect dapi il 1. d’avust 2003 (COF dals 4 d’oct. 2002, COCF dals 25 da mars 2003, COF dals 19 da zer. 2003 – AS 2003 1949; BBl 2001 4803, 6080; 2002 6485; 2003 3111, 3954, 3960).Art. 141a Realisaziun da contracts internaziunals Sch’il conclus d’approvaziun d’in contract internaziunal è suttamess al referendum obligatoric, po l’Assamblea federala integrar en quel las midadas constituziunalas che servan a la realisaziun dal contract. Sch’il conclus d’approvaziun d’in contract internaziunal è suttamess al referendum facultativ, po l’Assamblea federala integrar en quel las midadas legalas che servan a la realisaziun dal contract. Acceptà en la votaziun dal pievel dals 9 da favr. 2003, en vigur dapi il 1. d’avust 2003 (COF dals 4 d’oct. 2002, COCF dals 25 da mars 2003, COF dals 19 da zer. 2003 – AS 2003 1949; BBl 2001 4803, 6080; 2002 6485; 2003 3111, 3954, 3960).Art. 142 Maioritads necessarias Ils projects suttamess a la votaziun dal pievel èn acceptads, sch’els obtegnan la maioritad da las vuschs da las votantas e dals votants (maioritad dal pievel). Ils projects suttamess a la votaziun dal pievel e dals chantuns èn acceptads, sch’els obtegnan la maioritad dal pievel e la maioritad dals chantuns. Il resultat da la votaziun dal pievel en il chantun vala sco vusch dal chantun. Ils chantuns Sursilvania, Sutsilvania, Basilea-Citad, Basilea-Champagna, Appenzell Dador ed Appenzell Dadens han mintgamai ina mesa vusch da chantun.5. titel Las autoritads federalas1. chapitel Disposiziuns generalasArt. 143 ElegibladadEn il Cussegl naziunal, en il Cussegl federal ed en il Tribunal federal èn elegibels tut las votantas e tut ils votants.Art. 144 Incumpatibilitads Ils commembers dal Cussegl naziunal, dal Cussegl dals chantuns, dal Cussegl federal e dal Tribunal federal na pon betg appartegnair a medem temp ad in’autra autoritad. Ils commembers dal Cussegl federal e las derschadras ed ils derschaders dal Tribunal federal en uffizi cumplain na dastgan betg ademplir in’autra funcziun da la Confederaziun u d’in chantun e na dastgan exequir nagin’activitad da gudogn. La lescha po prevair ulteriuras incumpatibilitads.Art. 145 Durada d’uffiziIls commembers dal Cussegl naziunal e dal Cussegl federal sco er la chanceliera u il chancelier da la Confederaziun vegnan elegids per quatter onns. Ils commembers dal Tribunal federal vegnan elegids per ina durada da sis onns.Art. 146 Responsabladad dal stadiLa Confederaziun è responsabla per ils donns che ses organs chaschunan encunter il dretg exequind lur activitads uffizialas.Art. 147 Procedura da consultaziunIls chantuns, las partidas politicas ed ils circuls interessads vegnan envidads da prender posiziun tar la preparaziun da decrets impurtants e d’auters projects da gronda muntada sco er tar impurtants contracts da dretg internaziunal.2. chapitel Assamblea federala1. partiziun OrganisaziunArt. 148 Posiziun L’Assamblea federala exequescha la pussanza suprema da la Confederaziun, cun la resalva dals dretgs dal pievel e dals chantuns. L’Assamblea federala sa cumpona da duas chombras, dal Cussegl naziunal e dal Cussegl dals chantuns; las duas chombras han las medemas cumpetenzas.Art. 149 Cumposiziun ed elecziun dal Cussegl naziunal Il Cussegl naziunal sa cumpona da 200 deputads dal pievel. Ils deputads vegnan elegids dal pievel en in’elecziun directa tenor il princip dal proporz. Mintga quatter onns ha lieu in’elecziun per la renovaziun totala. Mintga chantun furma in circul electoral. Ils mandats vegnan repartids sin ils chantuns tenor il dumber da la populaziun. Mintga chantun ha il dretg d’almain in mandat.Art. 150 Cumposiziun ed elecziun dal Cussegl dals chantuns Il Cussegl dals chantuns sa cumpona dals 46 deputads dals chantuns. Ils chantuns Sursilvania, Sutsilvania, Basilea-Citad, Basilea-Champagna, Appenzell dador ed Appenzell dadens elegian mintgamai ina deputada u in deputà; ils auters chantuns elegian mintgamai dus deputads. L’elecziun en il Cussegl dals chantuns vegn reglada dals chantuns.Art. 151 Sessiuns Ils cussegliers sa radunan regularmain a sessiuns. La lescha regla la convocaziun a las sessiuns. Ils cussegliers vegnan convocads a sessiuns extraordinarias, sch’in quart dals commembers d’in cussegl u sch’il Cussegl federal pretendan quai.Art. 152 PresidiMintga cussegl elegia or da ses mez in president sco er l’emprim ed il segund vicepresident per la durada d’in onn. Ina reelecziun per l’onn proxim è exclusa.Art. 153 Cumissiuns parlamentaras Mintga cussegl instituescha cumissiuns or da ses mez. La lescha po prevair cumissiuns communablas. La lescha po attribuir a tschertas cumissiuns singulas cumpetenzas che n’èn betg da natira legislativa. Per ademplir lur incumbensas han las cumissiuns il dretg d’infurmaziun, d’invista e d’inquisiziun. Lur dimensiun vegn reglada da la lescha.Art. 154 FracziunsIls commembers da l’Assamblea federala pon furmar fracziuns.Art. 155 Servetschs dal parlamentL’Assamblea federala dispona dals servetschs dal parlament. Ella po consultar posts da servetsch da l’administraziun federala. La lescha regla ils detagls.2. partiziun ProceduraArt. 156 Deliberaziun separada Il Cussegl naziunal ed il Cussegl dals chantuns delibereschan separadamain. Las decisiuns da l’Assamblea federala pretendan la concordanza dals dus cussegls. La lescha prevesa disposiziuns per garantir ch’i dettia – en cas da divergenzas tranter las duas chombras – cunvegnas davart:a. la valaivladad u la nunvalaivladad parziala d’ina iniziativa dal pievel;b. la realisaziun d’ina iniziativa dal pievel ch’è vegnida acceptada dal pievel en furma d’ina proposta generala;c. la realisaziun d’in conclus federal ch’il pievel ha approvà per iniziar ina revisiun totala da la Constituziun federala;d. il preventiv u in supplement a tal. Acceptà en la votaziun dal pievel dals 27 da sett. 2009, en vigur dapi ils 27 da sett. 2009 (COF dals 19 da dec. 2008, COCF dal 1. da dec. 2009 – AS 2009 6409; BBl 2008 2891, 2907; 2009 13, 8719). Acceptà en la votaziun dal pievel dals 27 da sett. 2009, en vigur dapi ils 27 da sett. 2009 (COF dals 19 da dec. 2008, COCF dal 1. da dec. 2009 – AS 2009 6409; BBl 2008 2891, 2907; 2009 13, 8719). Acceptà en la votaziun dal pievel dals 9 da favr. 2003, entrada en vigur da las lit. a e d il 1. d’avust 2003 (COF dals 4 d’oct. 2002, COCF dals 25 da mars 2003, COF dals 19 da zer. 2003 – AS 2003 1949; BBl 2001 4803, 6080; 2002 6485; 2003 3111, 3954, 3960).Art. 157 Deliberaziun communabla Il Cussegl naziunal ed il Cussegl dals chantuns delibereschan communablamain sco Assamblea federala plenara sut la direcziun da la presidenta u dal president dal Cussegl naziunal per:a. far elecziuns;b. decider davart conflicts da cumpetenza tranter las autoritads supremas da la Confederaziun;c. pronunziar grazias. L’Assamblea federala plenara sa raduna ultra da quai per d’occasiuns spezialas e per prender enconuschientscha da decleraziuns dal Cussegl federal.Art. 158 Publicitad da las sedutasLas sedutas dals cussegls èn publicas. La lescha po prevair excepziuns.Art. 159 Quorum e maioritad necessaria Ils cussegls pon deliberar valaivlamain, sche la maioritad da lur commembers è preschenta. En ils dus cussegls ed en l’Assamblea federala plenara decida la maioritad dals cussegliers. Il consentiment da la maioritad dals commembers da mintgin dals dus cussegls dovran dentant:a. la decleraziun d’urgenza da leschas federalas;b. las disposiziuns da subvenziun sco er credits impegnativs e limits da pajaments che han per consequenza novas expensas unicas da pli che 20 milliuns francs u novas expensas periodicas da pli che 2 milliuns francs;c. l’augment da las expensas cumplessivas en cas d’in basegn extraordinari da pajaments tenor l’artitgel 126 alinea 3. Cun in’ordinaziun po l’Assamblea federala adattar a la chareschia ils imports tenor l’alinea 3 litera b. Acceptà en la votaziun dal pievel dals 2 da dec. 2001, en vigur dapi ils 2 da dec. 2001 (COF dals 22 da zer. 2001, COCF dals 4 da favr. 2002 – AS 2002 241; BBl 2000 4653; 2001 2387, 2878; 2002 1209). Acceptà en la votaziun dal pievel dals 2 da dec. 2001 (COF dals 22 da zer. 2001, COCF dals 4 da favr. 2002 – AS 2002 241; BBl 2000 4653; 2001 2387, 2878; 2002 1209).Art. 160 Dretg d’iniziativa e dretg da proposta Mintga commember dals cussegls, mintga fracziun, mintga cumissiun parlamentara e mintga chantun ha il dretg d’inoltrar iniziativas a l’Assamblea federala. Ils commembers dals cussegls ed il Cussegl federal han il dretg da far propostas tar in affar en consultaziun.Art. 161 Scumond d’instrucziuns Ils commembers da l’Assamblea federala vuschan senza instrucziuns. Els preschentan publicamain lur relaziuns cun gruppas d’interess.Art. 162 Immunitad Ils commembers da l’Assamblea federala e dal Cussegl federal sco er la chanceliera federala u il chancelier federal na pon betg vegnir fatgs responsabels giuridicamain per lur expectoraziuns en ils cussegls ed en lur organs. La lescha po prevair ulteriuras furmas d’immunitad ed extender quellas sin ulteriuras persunas.3. partiziun CumpetenzasArt. 163 Furma dals decrets da l’Assamblea federala L’Assamblea federala decretescha disposiziuns legalas en la furma da leschas federalas u d’ordinaziuns. Ils ulteriurs decrets vegnan fatgs en furma da conclus federals. In conclus federal che n’è betg suttamess al referendum è in conclus federal simpel.Art. 164 Legislaziun Tut las disposiziuns legalas impurtantas èn da decretar en la furma d’ina lescha federala. Latiers tutgan spezialmain las disposiziuns fundamentalas davart:a. il diever dals ils dretgs politics;b. las restricziuns da dretgs constituziunals;c. ils dretgs e las obligaziuns da persunas;d. il circul dals contribuents sco er l’object e la calculaziun da taxas;e. las incumbensas e las prestaziuns da la Confederaziun;f. las obligaziuns dals chantuns tar la realisaziun e l’execuziun dal dretg federal;g. l’organisaziun e la procedura da las autoritads federalas. Cumpetenzas legislativas pon vegnir attribuidas tras lescha federala, sche quai na vegn betg exclus da la Constituziun federala.Art. 165 Legislaziun en cas d’urgenza Ina lescha federala che na supporta betg in retardament per entrar en vigur po vegnir declerada urgenta da la maioritad da mintga cussegl e vegnir messa en vigur immediatamain. Sia validitad è da limitar temporalmain. Sche la votaziun dal pievel vegn pretendida pertutgant ina lescha federala declerada urgenta, perda la lescha sia vigur in onn suenter l’acceptaziun tras l’Assamblea federala, sch’ella na vegn betg acceptada dal pievel entaifer quest termin. Ina lescha federala declerada urgenta che n’ha betg ina basa constituziunala perda sia vigur in onn suenter l’acceptaziun tras l’Assamblea federala, sch’ella na vegn betg acceptada dal pievel e dals chantuns entaifer quest termin. Sia validitad è da limitar temporalmain. Ina lescha federala declerada urgenta che n’è betg vegnida acceptada en la votaziun dal pievel na po betg vegnir renovada.Art. 166 Relaziuns cun l’exteriur e contracts internaziunals L’Assamblea federala sa participescha a la furmaziun da la politica exteriura e surveglia la tgira da las relaziuns cun l’exteriur. Ella approva ils contracts internaziunals, cun excepziun dals contracts ch’il Cussegl federal ha la cumpetenza da concluder sin basa da la lescha u d’in contract internaziunal.Art. 167 FinanzasL’Assamblea federala concluda las expensas da la Confederaziun, fixescha il preventiv ed approva il quint dal stadi.Art. 168 Elecziuns L’Assamblea federala elegia ils commembers dal Cussegl federal, la chanceliera federala u il chancelier federal, las derschadras ed ils derschaders dal Tribunal federal sco er il general. La lescha po autorisar l’Assamblea federala da far u da legalisar ulteriuras elecziuns.Art. 169 Surveglianza suprema L’Assamblea federala ha la surveglianza suprema sur dal Cussegl federal e l’administraziun federala, las dretgiras federalas ed ils auters purtaders d’incumbensas da la Confederaziun. L’obligaziun da mantegnair il secret professiunal na pon ins betg opponer a las delegaziuns spezialas da las cumissiuns da surveglianza previsas da la lescha.Art. 170 Examinaziun da l’efficacitadL’Assamblea federala procura per l’examinaziun da l’efficacitad da las mesiras da la Confederaziun.Art. 171 Incumbensas al Cussegl federalL’Assamblea federala po dar incumbensas al Cussegl federal. La lescha regla ils detagls, oravant tut ils instruments, cun ils quals l’Assamblea federala po influenzar il sectur da cumpetenza dal Cussegl federal.Art. 172 Relaziuns tranter la Confederaziun ed ils chantuns L’Assamblea federala procura per la tgira da las relaziuns tranter la Confederaziun ed ils chantuns. Ella garantescha las constituziuns chantunalas. Ella approva ils contracts dals chantuns tranter els e cun l’exteriur, sch’il Cussegl federal u in chantun fan protesta.Art. 173 Ulteriuras incumbensas e cumpetenzas L’Assamblea federala ha ultra da quai las sequentas incumbensas e cumpetenzas:a. Ella prenda mesiras per mantegnair la segirezza externa, l’independenza e la neutralitad da la Svizra.b. Ella prenda mesiras per mantegnair la segirezza interna.c. Sche circumstanzas extraordinarias pretendan quai, po ella decretar ordinaziuns u conclus federals simpels per ademplir las incumbensas tenor las letras a e b.d. Ella cumonda il servetsch activ e mobilisescha per quest intent l’armada u parts da questa.e. Ella prenda mesiras per realisar il dretg federal.f. Ella decida davart la valaivladad d’iniziativas dal pievel reussidas.g. Ella cooperescha tar las planisaziuns impurtantas da l’activitad dal stadi.h. Ella decida davart singuls acts, sch’ina lescha federala prevesa quai explicitamain.i. Ella decida en conflicts da cumpetenzas tranter las autoritads federalas supremas.k. Ella decida en dumondas da grazia e davart l’amnestia.L’Assamblea federala tracta ultra da quai fatschentas che stattan en la cumpetenza da la Confederaziun e che n’èn betg attribuidas ad in’autra autoritad. La lescha po attribuir ulteriuras incumbensas e cumpetenzas a l’Assamblea federala.3. chapitel Cussegl federal ed administraziun federala1. partiziun Organisaziun e proceduraArt. 174 Cussegl federalIl Cussegl federal è l’autoritad directiva ed executiva suprema da la Confederaziun.Art. 175 Cumposiziun ed elecziun Il Cussegl federal sa cumpona da set commembers. Ils commembers dal Cussegl federal vegnan elegids da l’Assamblea federala suenter mintga renovaziun totala dal Cussegl naziunal. Ils commembers dal Cussegl federal vegnan elegids da l’Assamblea federala or da tut ils burgais svizzers ch’èn elegibels sco commembers dal Cussegl naziunal per la durada da quatter onns. Latiers sto vegnir procurà che las regiuns dal pajais e las regiuns linguisticas vegnian represchentadas adequatamain. Acceptà en la votaziun dal pievel dals 7 da favr. 1999, en vigur dapi il 1. da schan. 2000 (COF dals 9 d’oct. 1998, COCF dals 2 da mars 1999 – AS 1999 1239; BBl 1993 IV 554; 1994 III 1370; 1998 4800; 1999 2475, 8768). Acceptà en la votaziun dal pievel dals 7 da favr. 1999, en vigur dapi il 1. da schan. 2000 (COF dals 9 d’oct. 1998, COCF dals 2 da mars 1999 – AS 1999 1239; BBl 1993 IV 554; 1994 III 1370; 1998 4800; 1999 2475, 8768).Art. 176 Presidi La presidenta u il president da la Confederaziun presidiescha il Cussegl federal. La presidenta u il president da la Confederaziun e la vicepresidenta u il vicepresident dal Cussegl federal vegnan elegids da l’Assamblea federala or dals commembers dal Cussegl federal per ina perioda d’in onn. La reelecziun per l’onn proxim è exclusa. La presidenta u il president da la Confederaziun na po betg vegnir elegì sco vicepresidenta u sco vicepresident per l’onn proxim.Art. 177 Princip colleghial e departamental Il Cussegl federal decida sco collegi. Per la preparaziun e l’execuziun vegnan las fatschentas dal Cussegl federal repartidas sin ils singuls commembers tenor departaments. Als departaments u a las unitads administrativas suttamessas ad els vegnan surdadas las fatschentas per in’execuziun autonoma; la protecziun giuridica sto esser garantida.Art. 178 Administraziun federala Il Cussegl federal dirigia l’administraziun federala. El procura per in’organisaziun cunvegnenta ed in adempliment correct e tenor plan da las incumbensas. L’administraziun federala è dividida en departaments; mintgin da quels vegn dirigì d’in commember dal Cussegl federal. Incumbensas administrativas pon vegnir surdadas tras la lescha ad organisaziuns e persunas da dretg public u da dretg privat che stattan ordaifer l’administraziun federala.Art. 179 Chanzlia federalaLa Chanzlia federala è il post da stab general dal Cussegl federal. Ella vegn dirigida d’ina chanceliera u d’in chancelier.2. partiziun CumpetenzasArt. 180 Politica guvernamentala Il Cussegl federal determinescha las finamiras ed ils meds da sia politica guvernamentala. El planisescha e coordinescha las activitads dal stadi. El infurmescha la publicitad a temp e detagliadamain davart sia activitad, uschenavant ch’i na s’opponan betg interess publics u privats predominants.Art. 181 Dretg d’iniziativaIl Cussegl federal suttametta a l’Assamblea federala ils sbozs per ses decrets.Art. 182 Legislaziun ed execuziun Il Cussegl federal decretescha disposiziuns legalas en furma d’ordinaziuns, sch’el è autorisà da la constituziun u da la lescha. El procura per l’execuziun da la legislaziun, dals conclus da l’Assamblea federala e da las sentenzias da las autoritads giudizialas da la Confederaziun.Art. 183 Finanzas Il Cussegl federal elavura il plan da finanzas ed il preventiv e prepara il quint dal stadi. El procura per in’economia da finanzas correcta.Art. 184 Relaziuns cun l’exteriur Il Cussegl federal s’occupa da las fatschentas cun l’exteriur, resguardond ils dretgs da cooperaziun da l’Assamblea federala; el represchenta la Svizra vers l’exteriur. El suttascriva ils contracts e ratifitgescha quels. El suttametta quels a l’Assamblea federala per l’approvaziun. Il Cussegl federal po decretar ordinaziuns e disposiziuns, sche quai è necessari per mantegnair ils interess dal pajais. Ordinaziuns èn da limitar temporalmain.Art. 185 Segirezza externa ed interna Il Cussegl federal prenda mesiras per mantegnair la segirezza externa, l’independenza e la neutralitad da la Svizra. El prenda mesiras per mantegnair la segirezza interna. Sa basond directamain sin quest artitgel, po el decretar ordinaziuns e disposiziuns per cumbatter grevs disturbis gia succedids u imminents che smanatschan l’urden public u la segirezza interna u externa. Talas ordinaziuns èn da limitar temporalmain. En cas urgents po el mobilisar truppas. Sch’el mobilisescha dapli che 4000 members da l’armada per il servetsch activ u sch’ins po presumar che quest engaschament duria dapli che trais emnas, sto vegnir convocada immediatamain l’Assamblea federala.Art. 186 Relaziuns tranter la Confederaziun ed ils chantuns Il Cussegl federal tgira las relaziuns da la Confederaziun cun ils chantuns e collavura cun quels. El approva ils decrets dals chantuns là nua che l’execuziun dal dretg federal pretenda quai. El po protestar cunter contracts dals chantuns tranter els u cun l’exteriur. El surveglia ch’il dretg federal e las constituziuns chantunalas sco er ils contracts dals chantuns vegnian observads e prenda las mesiras necessarias.Art. 187 Ulteriuras incumbensas e cumpetenzas Il Cussegl federal ha ultra da quai las suandantas incumbensas e cumpetenzas:a. El surveglia l’administraziun federala ed instituziuns incumbensadas da la Confederaziun.b. El rapporta regularmain a l’Assamblea federala davart sia gestiun e davart il stadi da la Svizra.c. El fa las elecziuns che na cumpetan betg ad in’autra autoritad.d. El tracta recurs, sche la lescha prevesa quai. La lescha po surdar al Cussegl federal ulteriuras incumbensas e cumpetenzas.4. chapitel Tribunal federal ed autras autoritads giudizialas Acceptà en la votaziun dal pievel dals 12 da mars 2000, en vigur dapi il 1. da schan. 2007 (COF dals 8 d’oct. 1999, COCF dals 17 da matg 2000, COF dals 8 da mars 2005 – AS 2002 3148; 2006 1059; BBl 1997 I 1; 1999 8633; 2000 2990; 2001 4202).Art. 188 Status dal Tribunal federal Il Tribunal federal è l’autoritad giudiziala suprema da la Confederaziun. La lescha regla l’organisaziun e la procedura. Il tribunal è autonom.Art. 189 Cumpetenzas dal Tribunal federal Il Tribunal federal giuditgescha dispitas pervia da violaziun:a. dal dretg federal;b. dal dretg internaziunal;c. dal dretg interchantunal;d. da dretgs chantunals constituziunals;e. da l’autonomia communala e d’autras garanzias dals chantuns en favur da corporaziuns da dretg public;f . da disposiziuns federalas e chantunalas davart ils dretgs politics. ... El giuditgescha dispitas tranter la Confederaziun ed ils chantuns u tranter chantuns. La lescha po motivar ulteriuras cumpetenzas dal Tribunal federal. Acts da l’Assamblea federala e dal Cussegl federal na pon betg vegnir contestads tar il Tribunal federal. La lescha fixescha las excepziuns. Acceptà en la votaziun dal pievel dals 9 da favr. 2003 (COF dals 4 d’oct. 2002, COCF dals 25 da mars 2003 – AS 2003 1949; BBl 2001 4803, 6080; 2002 6485; 2003 3111). Abolì en la votaziun dal pievel dals 27 da sett. 2009, cun effect dapi ils 27 da sett. 2009 (COF dals 19 da dec. 2008, COCF dal 1. da dec. 2009 – AS 2009 6409; BBl 2008 2891, 2907; 2009 13, 8719). Quest al. n’è mai entrà en vigur en la versiun dal COF dals 4 d’oct. 2002.Art. 190 Dretg decisivLeschas federalas ed il dretg internaziunal èn decisivs per il Tribunal federal e per las autras autoritads incaricadas d’applitgar il dretg.Art. 191 Access al Tribunal federal La lescha garantescha l’access al Tribunal federal. Per dispitas che na pertutgan betg ina dumonda da dretg d’impurtanza fundamentala po ella prevair in limit da la valur en lita. Per tscherts champs spezials po la lescha excluder l’access al Tribunal federal. Per recurs evidentamain nunfundads po la lescha prevair ina procedura simplifitgada.Art. 191a Ulteriuras autoritads giudizialas da la Confederaziun La Confederaziun instituescha in tribunal penal; quest giuditgescha en emprima instanza cas penals che la lescha attribuescha a la giurisdicziun da la Confederaziun. La lescha po motivar ulteriuras cumpetenzas dal Tribunal penal federal. La Confederaziun instituescha autoritads giudizialas per giuditgar dispitas dal dretg public or da la sfera da cumpetenza da l’administraziun federala. La lescha po prevair ulteriuras autoritads giudizialas da la Confederaziun. Acceptà en la votaziun dal pievel dals 12 da mars 2000, entrada en vigur da l’al. 1 il 1. d’avr. 2003, entrada en vigur dals al. 2 e 3 il 1. da sett. 2005 (COF dals 8 d’oct. 1999, COCF dals 17 da matg 2000, COF dals 24 da sett. 2002 e dals 2 da mars 2005 – AS 2002 3148; 2005 1475; BBl 1997 I 1; 1999 8633; 2000 2990; 2001 4202; 2004 4787).Art. 191b Autoritads giudizialas dals chantuns Ils chantuns institueschan autoritads giudizialas per giuditgar dispitas dal dretg civil e dal dretg public sco er da cas penals. Els pon instituir autoritads giudizialas communablas.Art. 191c Independenza giudizialaLas autoritads giudizialas èn independentas en lur activitad da giurisdicziun ed obligadas sulettamain al dretg.6. titel Revisiun da la Constituziun federala e da las disposiziuns transitoricas1. chapitel RevisiunArt. 192 Princip La Constituziun federala po vegnir revedida da tut temp entiramain u parzialmain. Là nua che la Constituziun federala e la legislaziun che sa basa sin ella na fixeschan betg insatge auter, succeda la revisiun sin via legislativa.Art. 193 Revisiun totala La revisiun totala da la Constituziun federala po vegnir proponida dal pievel u dad in dals dus cussegls u po vegnir concludida da l’Assamblea federala. Sche l’iniziativa vegn dal pievel u sch’ils dus cussegls na van betg d’accord, decida il pievel, sch’i saja da realisar ina revisiun totala. Sch’il pievel accepta ina revisiun totala, vegnan domadus cussegls elegids da nov. Las disposiziuns obligantas dal dretg internaziunal na dastgan betg vegnir violadas.Art. 194 Revisiun parziala Ina revisiun parziala da la Constituziun federala po vegnir pretendida dal pievel u vegnir concludida da l’Assamblea federala. Ina revisiun parziala da la Constituziun federala sto mantegnair l’unitad da la materia e na dastga betg violar disposiziuns obligantas dal dretg internaziunal. Ina iniziativa dal pievel per ina revisiun parziala da la Constituziun federala sto ultra da quai mantegnair l’unitad da la furma.Art. 195 Entrada en vigurLa Constituziun federala revedida entiramain u parzialmain va en vigur suenter ch’ella è vegnida acceptada dal pievel e dals chantuns.2. chapitel Disposiziuns transitoricasArt. 196 Disposiziuns transitoricas da la Constituziun federala dals 18 da december 1998 davart ina nova Constituziun federala1. Disposiziun transitorica tar l’art. 84 (Transit da las Alps)Il transferiment dal transport da rauba da transit sin la viafier sto esser terminà 10 onns suenter l’acceptaziun da l’iniziativa dal pievel per proteger il territori da las Alps dal traffic da transit.2. Disposiziun transitorica tar l’art. 85 (Pauschala sin il traffic da camiuns pesants) La Confederaziun incassescha ina taxa annuala sin ils vehichels a motor svizzers ed esters e sin ils chars annexs cun ina paisa totala da mintgamai pli che 3,5 tonnas per duvrar las vias ch’èn avertas per il traffic general. Questa taxa importa:fr.a. per camiuns e camiuns-tracturs– da pli che 3,5 fin 12 tonnas  650– da pli che 12 fin 18 tonnas2000– da pli che 18 fin 26 tonnas3000– da pli che 26 tonnas4000b. per chars annexs– da pli che 3,5 fin 8 tonnas  650– da pli che 8 fin 10 tonnas1500– da pli che 10 tonnas2000c. per autocars  650 Las tariffas da la taxa pon vegnir adattadas cun ina lescha federala, sch’ils custs dal traffic sin las vias giustifitgeschan quai. Ultra da quai po il Cussegl federal adattar cun in’ordinaziun las categorias da tariffas a partir da 12 tonnas tenor l’alinea 2 a midadas eventualas da las categorias da paisa en la Lescha federala dals 19 da december 1958 davart il traffic sin via. Il Cussegl federal fixescha tariffas graduadas correspundentamain per vehichels che n’èn betg en circulaziun en Svizra durant l’entir onn; el resguarda las expensas per l’incassament. Il Cussegl federal regla l’execuziun. El po fixar tariffas per categorias particularas da vehichels tenor il senn da l’alinea 2, liberar tscherts vehichels da la taxa e prender mesiras particularas, spezialmain per viadis en il cirquit dals cunfins. Vehichels immatriculads a l’exteriur na dastgan tras quai betg esser privilegiads envers vehichels svizzers. Il Cussegl federal po prevair multas per violaziuns dal dretg. Ils chantuns incasseschan la taxa per ils vehichels immatriculads en Svizra. Da questa taxa po vegnir desistì entiramain u parzialmain cun disposiziuns legalas. Questa disposiziun vala fin a l’entrada en vigur da la Lescha dals 19 da december 1997 davart il traffic cun camiuns pesants.3. Disposiziuns transitoricas tar l’art. 86 (Impundaziun da taxas per incumbensas ed expensas en connex cun il traffic sin via), tar l’art. 87 (Viafiers ed ulteriurs meds da traffic) e tar l’art. 87a (Infrastructura da viafier) Ils gronds projects da viafier cumpiglian la nova viafier transversala da las Alps (NVTA), la VIAFIER 2000, la colliaziun da la Svizra da l’ost e dal vest a la rait da viafier europeica d’auta prestaziun sco er la meglieraziun da las mesiras da protecziun cunter la canera lung ils trajects da viafier cun mesiras activas e passivas. Fin che la tschainsida e la restituziun dal pajament anticipà dal fond tenor l’artitgel 87a alinea 2 n’è betg terminada, vegnan ils meds finanzials tenor l’artitgel 86 alinea 2 litera e assegnads a la finanziaziun speziala dal traffic sin via tenor l’artitgel 86 alinea 4 empè al fond tenor l’artitgel 86 alinea 2. Il Cussegl federal po utilisar ils meds finanzials tenor l’alinea 2 fin ils 31 da december 2018 per finanziar l’infrastructura da viafier e suenter per tschainsir e per restituir il pajament anticipà dal fond tenor l’artitgel 87a alinea 2. Ils meds finanzials vegnan calculads tenor l’artitgel 86 alinea 2 litera e. La procentuala tenor l’artitgel 86 alinea 2 litera f vala suenter 2 onns dapi l’entrada en vigur da questa disposiziun. Avant importa ella 5 pertschient. Ils gronds projects da viafier tenor l’alinea 1 vegnan finanziads sur il fond tenor l’artitgel 87a alinea 2. Ils quatter gronds projects da viafier tenor l’alinea 1 vegnan decretads en furma da leschas federalas. Per mintga grond project cumplessiv èn da cumprovar il basegn e la realisabilitad. Tar il project da la NVTA furman las singulas fasas da construcziun ina part da la lescha federala. L’Assamblea federala conceda ils meds finanzials necessaris cun credits d’impegn. Il Cussegl federal approva las etappas da construcziun e fixescha il plan da termins. Questa disposiziun vala fin al mument da la terminaziun da las lavurs da construcziun e da la finanziaziun (restituziun dals pajaments anticipads) dals gronds projects da viafier menziunads en l’alinea 1.4. Disposiziun transitorica tar l’art. 90 (Energia nucleara)Fin ils 23 da settember 2000 na vegn betg dà permissiuns generalas, da construcziun, da metter en funcziun u da manaschi per novs implants per producir energia nucleara.5. Disposiziun transitorica tar l’art. 95 (Activitad da gudogn en l’economia privata)Fin al decret d’ina legislaziun federala èn ils chantuns obligads da renconuscher vicendaivlamain ils attestats finals da scolaziun.6. Disposiziun transitorica tar l’art. 102 (Provediment dal pajais) La Confederaziun garantescha il provediment dal pajais cun granezza da paun e farina per far paun. Questa disposiziun transitorica resta en vigur fin il pli tard ils 31 da december 2003.7. Disposiziun transitorica tar l’art. 103 (Politica da structura)Ils chantuns pon mantegnair durant maximalmain 10 onns a partir da l’entrada en vigur da la constituziun las reglamentaziuns existentas che fan dependenta l’avertura da manaschis dal basegn per garantir l’existenza da parts considerablas d’in tschert rom da hotellaria.8. ...9. Disposiziun transitorica tar l’art. 110 al. 3 (Di da la festa naziunala) Il Cussegl federal regla ils detagls fin che la legislaziun federala midada va en vigur. Il di da la festa naziunala na vegn betg quintà tar il dumber dals firads tenor l’artitgel 18 alinea 2 da la Lescha da lavur dals 13 da mars 1964.10. ...11. Disposiziun transitorica tar l’art. 113 (Prevenziun professiunala)Assicurads ch’appartegnan a la generaziun d’entrada e na disponan per quest motiv betg dal temp da contribuziun cumplain, duain obtegnair la protecziun minimala prescritta da la lescha e quai mintgamai tenor l’autezza da lur entrada da gudogn entaifer 10 fin 20 onns suenter l’entrada en vigur da la lescha.12. ...13. Disposiziun transitorica tar l’art. 128 (Durada da l’imposiziun da taglia)La taglia federala directa po vegnir incassada fin la fin da l’onn 2035.14. Disposiziun transitorica tar l’art. 130 (Taglia sin la plivalur) La taglia sin la plivalur po vegnir incassada fin la fin da l’onn 2035. Per garantir la finanziaziun da l’assicuranza d’invaliditad auza il Cussegl federal las tariffas da la taglia sin la plivalur dal 1. da schaner 2011 fin ils 31 da december 2017 sco suonda: ... Il retgav che resulta da l’augment tenor l’alinea 2 vegn attribuì cumplainamain al fond da cumpensaziun da l’assicuranza d’invaliditad. Per garantir la finanziaziun da l’infrastructura da viafier auza il Cussegl federal las tariffas da taglia tenor l’artitgel 25 da la Lescha federala dals 12 da zercladur 2009 davart la taglia sin la plivalur a partir dal 1. da schaner 2018 per 0,1 puncts procentuals, sch’il termin tenor l’alinea 1 vegn prolungà fin maximalmain ils 31 da december 2030. Il retgav che resulta da l’augment tenor l’alinea 4 vegn attribuì cumplainamain al fond tenor l’artitgel 87a.15. ...16. ... Acceptà en la votaziun dal pievel dals 3 da mars 2002, en vigur dapi ils 3 da mars 2002 (COF dals 5 d’oct. 2001, COCF dals 26 d’avr. 2002 – AS 2002 885; BBl 2000 2453; 2001 1183, 5731; 2002 3690). SR 741.01 SR 641.81 Acceptà en la votaziun dal pievel dals 12 da favr. 2017, en vigur dapi il 1. da schan. 2018 (COF dals 30 da sett. 2016, COCF dals 10 da nov. 2016 – AS 2017 6731; BBl 2015 2065; 2016 7587; 2017 3387). Acceptà en la votaziun dal pievel dals 12 da favr. 2017, en vigur dapi il 1. da schan. 2018 (COF dals 30 da sett. 2016, COCF dals 10 da nov. 2016 – AS 2017 6731; BBl 2015 2065; 2016 7587; 2017 3387). Acceptà en la votaziun dal pievel dals 12 da favr. 2017, en vigur dapi il 1. da schan. 2018 (COF dals 30 da sett. 2016, COCF dals 10 da nov. 2016 – AS 2017 6731; BBl 2015 2065; 2016 7587; 2017 3387). Acceptà en la votaziun dal pievel dals 12 da favr. 2017, en vigur dapi il 1. da schan. 2018 (COF dals 30 da sett. 2016, COCF dals 10 da nov. 2016 – AS 2017 6731; BBl 2015 2065; 2016 7587; 2017 3387). Acceptà en la votaziun dal pievel dals 9 da favr. 2014, en vigur dapi il 1. da schan. 2016 (COF dals 20 da zer. 2013, COCF dals 13 da matg 2014, COCF dals 2 da zer. 2014, COCF dals 6 da zer. 2014 – AS 2015 645; BBl 2010 6637; 2012 1577; 2013 4725, 6518; 2014 4113, 4117). Dapi ils 11 da mars 2012 ha l’art. 106 ina nova versiun. SR 822.11 Abolì en la votaziun dal pievel dals 28 da nov. 2004, cun effect dapi il 1. da schan. 2008 (COF dals 3 d’oct. 2003, COCF dals 26 da schan. 2005, COCF dals 7 da nov. 2007 – AS 2007 5765; BBl 2002 2291; 2003 6591; 2005 951). Dapi ils 2 da dec. 2001 ha l’art. 126 ina nova versiun. Acceptà en la votaziun dal pievel dals 4 da mars 2018, en vigur dapi il 1. da schan. 2021 (COF dals 16 da zer. 2017, COCF dals 13 da favr. 2019 – AS 2019 769; BBl 2016 6221; 2017 4205; 2018 2761). Acceptà en la votaziun dal pievel dals 28 da nov. 2004, en vigur dapi il 1. da schan. 2007 (COF dals 19 da mars 2004, COCF dals 26 da schan. 2005, COCF dals 2 da favr. 2006 – AS 2006 1057; BBl 2003 1531; 2004 1363; 2005 951). Acceptà en la votaziun dal pievel dals 27 da sett. 2009, en vigur dapi il 1. da schan. 2011 (COF dals 13 da zer. 2008 e dals 12 da zer. 2009, COCF dals 7 da sett. 2010 – AS 2010 3821; BBl 2005 4623; 2008 5241; 2009 4371, 4377, 4379, 8719). Acceptà en la votaziun dal pievel dals 4 da mars 2018, en vigur dapi il 1. da schan. 2021 (COF dals 16 da zer. 2017, COCF dals 13 da favr. 2019 – AS 2019 769; BBl 2016 6221; 2017 4205; 2018 2761). Acceptà en la votaziun dal pievel dals 27 da sett. 2009, en vigur dapi il 1. da schan. 2011 (COF dals 13 da zer. 2008 e dals 12 da zer. 2009, COCF dals 7 da sett. 2010 – AS 2010 3821; BBl 2005 4623; 2008 5241; 2009 4371, 4377, 4379, 8719). SR 641.20 Acceptà en la votaziun dal pievel dals 9 da favr. 2014, en vigur dapi il 1. da schan. 2016 (COF dals 20 da zer. 2013, COCF dals 13 da matg 2014, COCF dals 2 da zer. 2014, COCF dals 6 da zer. 2014 – AS 2015 645; BBl 2010 6637; 2012 1577; 2013 4725, 6518; 2014 4113, 4117). Acceptà en la votaziun dal pievel dals 9 da favr. 2014, en vigur dapi il 1. da schan. 2016 (COF dals 20 da zer. 2013, COCF dals 13 da matg 2014, COCF dals 2 da zer. 2014, COCF dals 6 da zer. 2014 – AS 2015 645; BBl 2010 6637; 2012 1577; 2013 4725, 6518; 2014 4113, 4117). Abolì en la votaziun dal pievel dals 4 da mars 2018, cun effect dapi il 1. da schan. 2021 (COF dals 16 da zer. 2017, COCF dals 13 da favr. 2019 – AS 2019 769; BBl 2016 6221; 2017 4205; 2018 2761). Abolì en la votaziun dal pievel dals 28 da nov. 2004, cun effect dapi il 1. da schan. 2008 (COF dals 3 d’oct. 2003, COCF dals 26 da schan. 2005, COCF dals 7 da nov. 2007 – AS 2007 5765; BBl 2002 2291; 2003 6591; 2005 951).Art. 197 Disposiziuns transitoricas suenter l’acceptaziun da la Constituziun federala dals 18 d’avrigl 19991. Adesiun da la Svizra a l’ONU La Svizra aderescha a l’Organisaziun da las Naziuns Unidas. Il Cussegl federal vegn autorisà da drizzar al secretari general da l’Organisaziun da las Naziuns Unidas (ONU) ina dumonda da la Svizra da vegnir recepida en questa organisaziun ed in’explicaziun davart l’adempliment da las obligaziuns cuntegnidas en la Charta da las Naziuns Unidas.2. Disposiziun transitorica tar l’art. 62 (Fatgs da scola)A partir da l’entrada en vigur dal conclus federal dals 3 d’october 2003 davart la refurma da la gulivaziun da finanzas e da la repartiziun da las incumbensas tranter la Confederaziun ed ils chantuns surpiglian ils chantuns las prestaziuns da fin uss da l’assicuranza d’invalids vi da la scolaziun speziala (inclusiv l’educaziun prescolara pedagogic-curativa tenor l’artitgel 19 da la Lescha federala dals 19 da zercladur 1959 davart l’assicuranza d’invalids), fin ch’els disponan da concepts da scolaziun speziala ch’èn approvads dal chantun, almain dentant durant trais onns.3. Disposiziun transitorica tar l’art. 83 (Vias naziunalas)Ils chantuns construeschan las vias naziunalas ch’èn enumeradas en il conclus federal dals 21 da zercladur 1960 davart la rait da las vias naziunalas (stadi tar l’entrada en vigur dal conclus federal dals 3 d’october 2003 davart la refurma da la gulivaziun da finanzas e da la repartiziun da las incumbensas tranter la Confederaziun ed ils chantuns) tenor las prescripziuns e sut la surveglianza suprema da la Confederaziun. La Confederaziun ed ils chantuns portan communablamain ils custs. La part dals custs dals singuls chantuns sa drizza tenor la grevezza che las vias naziunalas muntan per els, tenor lur interess per talas vias e tenor lur capacitad finanziala.4. Disposiziun transitorica tar l’art. 112b (Promoziun da l’integraziun d’invalids)A partir da l’entrada en vigur dal conclus federal dals 3 d’october 2003 davart la refurma da la gulivaziun da finanzas e da la repartiziun da las incumbensas tranter la Confederaziun ed ils chantuns surpiglian ils chantuns las prestaziuns da fin uss da l’assicuranza d’invalids vi da stabiliments, chasas da dimora e lavuratoris, fin ch’els disponan da concepts approvads dal chantun en favur dals invalids, che reglan la concessiun da contribuziuns vi da la construcziun e vi da la gestiun d’instituziuns che dattan accoglientscha a persunas extrachantunalas, almain dentant durant trais onns.5. Disposiziuns transitoricas tar l’art. 112c (Agid als attempads ed als impedids)Las prestaziuns da fin uss tenor l’artitgel 101 da la Lescha federala dals 20 da december 1946 davart l’assicuranza per vegls e survivents per l’agid e per la tgira dals attempads e dals impedids a chasa vegnan pajadas vinavant dals chantuns fin a l’entrada en vigur d’ina regulaziun chantunala da finanziaziun per l’agid e per la tgira a chasa.6.7. Disposiziun transitorica tar l’art. 120 (Tecnologia da gens en il sectur betg uman)L’agricultura svizra n’utilisescha nagins organissems modifitgads geneticamain durant tschintg onns suenter che questa disposiziun constituziunala è vegnida acceptada. En spezial na dastgan ni vegnir importads ni vegnir mess en circulaziun:a. plantas, parts da plantas e semenza modifitgadas geneticamain ch’èn ablas da sa multiplitgar e ch’èn destinadas per vegnir utilisadas or en il liber tar l’agricultura, tar l’orticultura u tar la selvicultura;b. animals modifitgads geneticamain ch’èn destinads per la producziun da victualias e d’auters products agriculs.8. Disposiziun transitorica tar l’art. 121 (Dimora e domicil da persunas estras)Il legislatur sto definir ed agiuntar ils causals tenor artitgel 121 alinea 3 e decretar las prescripziuns penalas davart l’entrada illegala tenor artitgel 121 alinea 6 entaifer maximalmain 5 onns dapi l’acceptanza da l’artitgel 121 alineas 3–6 tras il pievel ed ils chantuns.9. Disposiziun transitorica tar l’art. 75b (Abitaziuns secundaras) Sche la legislaziun correspundenta n’entra betg en vigur entaifer dus onns suenter che l’artitgel 75b è vegnì acceptà, decretescha il Cussegl federal in’ordinaziun cun las disposiziuns executivas necessarias davart la construcziun, davart la vendita e davart l’inscripziun en il register funsil. Permissiuns da construcziun per abitaziuns secundaras, che vegnan concedidas tranter il 1. da schaner da l’onn che suonda l’acceptaziun da l’artitgel 75b e la data che las disposiziuns executivas entran en vigur, èn nunvalaivlas.10. Disposiziun transitorica tar l’art. 95 al. 3Fin che las disposiziuns legalas entran en vigur, decretescha il Cussegl federal las disposiziuns executivas necessarias entaifer in onn suenter che l’alinea 3 da l’artitgel 95 è vegnì acceptà dal pievel e dals chantuns.11. Disposiziun transitorica tar l’art. 121a (Regulaziun da l’immigraziun) Contracts internaziunals che s’opponan a l’artitgel 121a ston vegnir tractads da nov ed adattads entaifer 3 onns suenter ch’el è vegnì acceptà tras il pievel ed ils chantuns. Sche la legislaziun executiva n’è betg anc entrada en vigur 3 onns suenter che l’artitgel 121a è vegnì acceptà tras il pievel ed ils chantuns, decretescha il Cussegl federal per quest termin a maun d’ina ordinaziun las disposiziuns executivas transitoricas.12. Disposiziun transitorica tar l’art 10a (Scumond da cuvrir l’atgna fatscha)La legislaziun executiva tar l’artitgel 10a sto vegnir elavurada entaifer 2 onns suenter che quel è vegnì acceptà dal pievel e dals chantuns.13. Disposiziun transitorica tar l’art. 117b (Tgira) En il rom da sias cumpetenzas decretescha la Confederaziun disposiziuns executivas concernent:a. la fixaziun da las prestaziuns da tgira che vegnan furnidas da tgirunzas e tgirunzs sin donn e cust da las assicuranzas socialas:1. en atgna responsabladad,2. sin ordinaziun d’ina media u d’in medi;b. l’indemnisaziun adequata da las prestaziuns da tgira;c. las cundiziuns da lavur adattadas a las pretensiuns per las persunas che lavuran en la tgira;d. las pussaivladads dal svilup professiunal da las persunas che lavuran en la tgira. L’Assamblea federala deliberescha las disposiziuns executivas legalas entaifer 4 onns suenter l’acceptaziun da l’artitgel 117b tras il pievel ed ils chantuns. Fin che las disposiziuns executivas legalas entran en vigur prenda il Cussegl federal – entaifer 18 mais suenter l’acceptaziun da l’artitgel 117b tras il pievel ed ils chantuns – mesiras efficazias per eliminar la mancanza da tgirunzas e tgirunzs diplomads.14. Disposiziun transitorica tar l’art. 118 al. 2 lit. b (Protecziun da la sanadad)L’Assamblea federala deliberescha las disposiziuns executivas legalas entaifer 3 onns suenter l’acceptaziun da l’artitgel 118 alinea 2 litera b tras il pievel ed ils chantuns.15. Disposiziuns transitoricas tar l’art. 129a(Imposiziun speziala da las grondas gruppas d’interpresas) Fin a l’entrada en vigur da las disposiziuns legalas po il Cussegl federal decretar las prescripziuns necessarias pertutgant l’imposiziun minimala da las grondas gruppas d’interpresas. El observa ils suandants princips:a. las prescripziuns vegnan applitgadas per las unitads da fatschenta d’ina gruppa d’interpresas multinaziunala che cuntanscha ina svieuta annuala consolidada da 750 milliuns euros;b. sche las taglias decisivas da las unitads da fatschenta en Svizra u en in’autra suveranitad fiscala sutpassan tut en tut l’imposiziun minimala cun la tariffa da 15 pertschient dals gudogns decisivs, incassescha la Confederaziun ina taglia cumplementara per gulivar la differenza tranter la tariffa da taglia effectiva e la tariffa da taglia minimala;c. las taglias decisivas èn particularmain las taglias directas cudeschadas en il quint economic da las unitads da fatschenta;d. il gudogn decisiv d’ina unitad da fatschenta è il gudogn u la perdita ch’è vegnì eruì tenor in standard da rendaquint renconuschì per il quint annual consolidà da la gruppa d’interpresas avant l’eliminaziun da las transacziuns tranter las unitads da fatschenta e suenter la consideraziun d’autras correcturas; ils gudogns e las perditas dal traffic maritim internaziunal na vegnan betg resguardads;e. la tariffa da taglia effectiva per ina suveranitad fiscala vegn calculada cun divider la summa da las taglias decisivas da tut las unitads da fatschenta situadas en questa suveranitad fiscala tras la summa dals gudogns decisivs da questas unitads da fatschenta;f. la taglia cumplementara per ina suveranitad fiscala vegn calculada cun multiplitgar il surpli dal gudogn cun la tariffa da la taglia cumplementara;g. il surpli dal gudogn en ina suveranitad fiscala è la summa dals gudogns decisivs da tut las unitads da fatschenta situadas en questa suveranitad fiscala, suenter la deducziun admessa per las valurs da facultad materialas e per ils custs da salari;h. la tariffa da la taglia cumplementara per ina suveranitad fiscala correspunda a la differenza positiva tranter 15 pertschient e la tariffa da taglia effectiva;i. en cas d’ina imposiziun pli bassa en Svizra vegn la taglia cumplementara messa a quint a las unitads da fatschenta svizras en proporziun da la dimensiun da lur cunresponsabladad per l’imposiziun pli bassa;j. en cas d’ina imposiziun pli bassa en in’autra suveranitad fiscala vegn la taglia cumplementara messa a quint en emprima lingia a l’unitad da fatschenta suprema svizra ed en segunda lingia a tut las unitads da fatschenta svizras. Il Cussegl federal po decretar prescripziuns cumplementaras per realisar l’imposiziun minimala, particularmain davart:a. l’observanza da relaziuns spezialas da las interpresas;b. la pussaivladad da deducir la taglia cumplementara sco custs tar las taglias federalas e chantunalas sin il gudogn;c. la procedura ed ils meds legals;d. las disposiziuns penalas a norma da l’ulteriur dretg penal fiscal;e. las regulaziuns transitoricas. Sch’il Cussegl federal considerescha che quai saja necessari per realisar l’imposiziun minimala, po el divergiar dals princips tenor l’alinea 2. El po declerar che models da prescripziuns internaziunals e reglamentaziuns respectivas sajan applitgabels. El po er surdar questas cumpetenzas al Departament federal da finanzas. Las disposiziuns davart la taglia cumplementara vegnan exequidas dals chantuns sut la surveglianza da l’Administraziun federala da taglia. Il Cussegl federal po prevair ina indemnisaziun per ils custs administrativs che resultan tras l’execuziun da questas disposiziuns. Il retgav brut da la taglia cumplementara va per 75 pertschient a favur dals chantuns, en ils quals las unitads da fatschenta èn obligadas da pajar taglia. Ils chantuns tegnan quint commensuradamain da las vischnancas. Il retgav brut da la taglia cumplementara sin las activitads betg suttamessas a la taglia sin il gudogn da las unitads da fatschenta da la Confederaziun, dals chantuns e da las vischnancas, va a favur da la communitad respectiva. La cumpart chantunala dal retgav brut da la taglia cumplementara vegn considerada sco entrada fiscala supplementara en il rom da la gulivaziun da finanzas e da grevezzas. Sch’il Cussegl federal fa valair sia cumpetenza tenor l’alinea 1, suttametta el al parlament las disposiziuns legalas davart l’imposiziun minimala da las grondas gruppas d’interpresas entaifer 6 onns suenter l’entrada en vigur da l’ordinaziun. Suenter la deducziun dals custs supplementars per la gulivaziun da finanzas e da grevezzas dovra la Confederaziun sia cumpart dal retgav brut da la taglia cumplementara per rinforzar la promoziun da l’attractivitad economica da la Svizra.16. Disposiziun transitorica tar l’art. 112(Assicuranza da vegls, survivents ed invalids) Persunas che retiran ina renta da vegliadetgna han il dretg d’in supplement annual en l’autezza d’in dudeschavel da lur renta annuala. Il dretg dal supplement annual nascha il pli tard a partir dal cumenzament dal segund onn chalendar che suonda l’acceptaziun da questa disposiziun tras il pievel e tras ils chantuns. La lescha procura ch’il supplement annual na chaschunia ni ina reducziun da las prestaziuns supplementaras ni ina perdita dal dretg da questas prestaziuns.Data da l’entrada en vigur: 1. da schaner 2000 Acceptà en la votaziun dal pievel dals 3 da mars 2002, en vigur dapi ils 3 da mars 2002 (COF dals 5 d’oct. 2001, COCF dals 26 d’avr. 2002 – AS 2002 885; BBl 2000 2453; 2001 1183, 5731; 2002 3690). SR 0.120 Acceptà en la votaziun dal pievel dals 28 da nov. 2004, en vigur dapi il 1. da schan. 2008 (COF dals 3 d’oct. 2003, COCF dals 26 da schan. 2005, COCF dals 7 da nov. 2007 – AS 2007 5765; BBl 2002 2291; 2003 6591; 2005 951). AS 2007 5765 SR 831.20 L’art. 83 ha ussa ina nova versiun. Acceptà en la votaziun dal pievel dals 28 da nov. 2004, en vigur dapi il 1. da schan. 2008 (COF dals 3 d’oct. 2003, COCF dals 26 da schan. 2005, COCF dals 7 da nov. 2007 – AS 2007 5765; BBl 2002 2291; 2003 6591; 2005 951). SR 725.113.11 AS 2007 5765 Acceptà en la votaziun dal pievel dals 28 da nov. 2004, en vigur dapi il 1. da schan. 2008 (COF dals 3 d’oct. 2003, COCF dals 26 da schan. 2005, COCF dals 7 da nov. 2007 – AS 2007 5765; BBl 2002 2291; 2003 6591; 2005 951). AS 2007 5765 Acceptà en la votaziun dal pievel dals 28 da nov. 2004, en vigur dapi il 1. da schan. 2008 (COF dals 3 d’oct. 2003, COCF dals 26 da schan. 2005, COCF dals 7 da nov. 2007 – AS 2007 5765; BBl 2002 2291; 2003 6591; 2005 951). SR 831.10 Questa cifra n'è betg vegnida duvrada. Acceptà en la votaziun dal pievel dals 27 da nov. 2005, en vigur dapi ils 27 da nov. 2005 (COF dals 17 da zer. 2005, COCF dals 19 da schan. 2006 – AS 2006 89; BBl 2003 6903; 2004 4937; 2005 4039; 2006 1061). Acceptà en la votaziun dal pievel dals 28 da nov. 2010, en vigur dapi ils 28 da nov. 2010 (COF dals 18 da zer. 2010, COCF dals 17 da mars 2011 – AS 2011 1199; BBl 2008 1927; 2009 5097; 2010 4241; 2011 2771). Acceptà en la votaziun dal pievel dals 11 da mars 2012, en vigur dapi ils 11 da mars 2012 (COF dals 17 da zer. 2011, COCF dals 20 da zer. 2012 – AS 2012 3627; BBl 2008 1113, 8757; 2011 4825; 2012 6623). Acceptà en la votaziun dal pievel dals 3 da mars 2013, en vigur dapi ils 3 da mars 2013 (COF dals 15 da nov. 2012 e dals 30 d’avr. 2013 – AS 2013 1303; BBl 2006 8755; 2008 2577; 2009 299; 2012 9219; 2013 3129). Acceptà en la votaziun dal pievel dals 9 da favr. 2014, en vigur dapi ils 9 da favr. 2014 (COF dals 27 da sett. 2013, COCF dals 13 matg 2014 – AS 2014 1391; BBl 2011 6269; 2012 3869; 2013 291, 7351; 2014 4117). Acceptà en la votaziun dal pievel dals 7 da mars 2021, en vigur dapi ils 7 da mars 2021 (COF dals 19 da zer. 2020, COCF dals 31 da matg 2021 – AS 2021 310; BBl 2017 6447; 2019 2913; 2020 5507; 2021 1185). Acceptà en la votaziun dal pievel dals 28 da nov. 2021, en vigur dapi ils 28 da nov. 2021 (COF dals 18 da zer. 2021, COCF dals 11 d’avr. 2022 – AS 2022 240; BBl 2017 7724; 2018 7653; 2021 1488; 2022 894). Acceptà en la votaziun dal pievel dals 13 da favr. 2022, en vigur dapi ils 13 da favr. 2022 (COF dal 1. d’oct. 2021, COCF dals 11 d’avr. 2022 – AS 2022 241; BBl 2019 6883; 2020 7049; 2021 2315; 2022 895). Acceptà en la votaziun dal pievel dals 18 da zer. 2023, en vigur dapi il 1. da schan. 2024 (COF dals 16 da dec. 2022, COCF dals 12 d’avr. 2023, COCF dals 28 d’avust 2023 – AS 2023 482; BBl 2022 1700; 2023 970, 2015). Acceptà en la votaziun dal pievel dals 3 da mars 2024, en vigur dapi ils 3 da mars 2024 (COF dals 17 da mars 2023, COCF dals 7 da matg 2024 – AS 2024 197; BBl 2021 1505; 2022 1485; 2023 781; 2024 996). COF dals 28 da sett. 1999 (AS 1999 2555; BBl 1999 7922).Disposiziuns finalas dal Conclus federal dals 18 da december 1998 davart ina nova Constituziun federalaII La Constituziun federala da la Confederaziun svizra dals 29 da matg 1874 vegn abrogada. Las sequentas disposiziuns da la Constituziun federala ch’èn da transferir en il dretg legal valan vinavant fin al mument che las disposiziuns legalas correspundentas entran en vigur:a. Art. 32 al. 6Il commerzi ambulant cun bavrondas alcoholicas sco er la vendita ambulanta da talas èn scumandads.b. Art. 36 al.1 emprima construcziun, 2 segunda–davosa construcziun e 4 segunda construcziun La Confederaziun incassa sin vehichels e chars annexs svizzers cun ina paisa totala fin a mintgamai 3,5 tonnas ina taxa annuala da 40 francs per il diever da las vias naziunalas d’emprima e segunda classa. ... ... Il Cussegl federal po liberar tscherts vehichels da la taxa e prender reglamentaziuns spezialas, oravant tut per viadis en ils territoris da cunfins. Tras quai na dastgan ils vehichels immatriculads a l’ester betg vegnir privilegiads envers ils vehichels svizzers. Il Cussegl federal po prevair multas per ils surpassaments. Ils chantuns incassan la taxa per ils vehichels immatriculads en Svizra e surveglian l’observaziun da las prescripziuns tar tut ils vehichels. ... La lescha po extender la taxa sin ulteriuras categorias da vehichels che na suttastattan betg a la taxa per il traffic da camiuns pesants.c. Art. 121al. 1, 2 ed al. 3 emprima e segunda construcziun Decida l’Assamblea federala ina cuntraproposta, vegnan preschentads als votants sin il medem cedel da votar trais dumondas. Mintga votant po declerar senza restricziun:1. sch’el preferescha l’iniziativa dal pievel al dretg en vigur;2. sch’el preferescha la cuntraproposta al dretg en vigur;3. tgenin dals dus projects che duai entrar en vigur, sche pievel e chantuns duessan dar la preferenza a domadus projects avant il dretg en vigur. La maioritad absoluta vegn eruida separadamain per mintga dumonda. Dumondas senza resposta na vegnan betg consideradas. Sche tant l’iniziativa sco er la cuntraproposta vegnan acceptadas, decida il resultat da la dumonda decisiva. I entra en vigur il project che cuntanscha dapli vuschs dal pievel e dals chantuns tar questa dumonda. ...IIIMidadas da la Constituziun federala dals 29 da matg 1874 vegnan adattadas formalmain a la nova Constituziun federala tras l’Assamblea federala. La decisiun correspundenta na suttastat betg al referendum.IV Quest conclus vegn suttamess a la votaziun dal pievel e dals chantuns. L’Assamblea federala determinescha l’entrada en vigur.. [BS 1 3; AS 1949 1511; 1951 60; 1957 1027; 1958 362, 768, 770; 1959 224, 912; 1961 476; 1962 749, 1637, 1804; 1964 97; 1966 1672; 1969 1249; 1970 1649; 1971 325, 905, 907; 1972 1481, 1484; 1973 429, 1051, 1455; 1974 721; 1975 1205; 1976 713, 715; 2003; 1977 807, 1849, 2228, 2230; 1978 212, 484, 1578; 1979 678; 1980 380; 1981 1243, 1244; 1982 138; 1983 240, 444; 1984 290; 1985 150, 151, 658, 659, 1025, 1026, 1648; 1987 282, 1125; 1988 352; 1991 246, 247, 1122; 1992 1578, 1579; 1993 3040, 3041; 1994 258, 263, 265, 267, 1096, 1097, 1099, 1101; 1995 1455; 1996 1490, 1491, 1492, 2502; 1998 918; 2031; 1999 741, 743, 1239, 1341] Art. 105 Art. 86 al. 2 Guardar ussa: art. 139b.