Document ID: /roh_data/filtered/swiss_laws_in_ROHinterleaved.jsonl.gz/77

This text was translated from EN into Rumantsch Grischun.

input-en312.0 English is not an official language of the Swiss Confederation. This translation is provided for information purposes only, has no legal force and may not be relied on in legal proceedings.Swiss Criminal Procedure Code(Criminal Procedure Code, CrimPC)of 5 October 2007 (Status as of 1 July 2024)The Federal Assembly of the Swiss Confederation,on the basis of Article 123 paragraph 1 of the Federal Constitution, and having considered the Federal Council Dispatch dated 21 December 2005,decrees: SR 101 BBl 2006 1085Title 1 Scope of Application and PrinciplesChapter 1 Scope of Application and the Administration of Criminal JusticeArt. 1 Scope of application This Code regulates the prosecution and adjudication by the federal and cantonal criminal justice authorities of offences under federal law. The procedural regulations contained in other federal acts are reserved.Art. 2 Administration of criminal justice The administration of criminal justice is the responsibility solely of the authorities specified by law. Criminal proceedings may be conducted and concluded only in the forms provided for by law.Chapter 2 Principles of Criminal Procedure LawArt. 3 Respect for human dignity and requirement of fairness The criminal justice authorities shall respect the dignity of the persons affected by the proceedings at all stages of the proceedings. They shall in particular comply with:a. the principle of good faith;b. the requirement not to abuse the rights of others;c. the requirement to treat all persons involved in the proceedings equally and fairly and to grant them the right to a fair hearing;d. the prohibition, when taking evidence, of using methods that violate human dignity.Art. 4 Independence The criminal justice authorities are independent in applying the law and bound solely by the law. Statutory powers to issue directives to the prosecution authorities under Article 14 are reserved.Art. 5 Principle of expeditiousness The criminal justice authorities shall commence criminal proceedings immediately and conclude them without unjustified delay. Where an accused is in detention, the proceedings shall be conducted as a matter of urgency.Art. 6 Principle of substantive truth The criminal justice authorities shall investigate ex officio all the circumstances relevant to the assessment of the criminal act and the accused. They shall investigate incriminating and exculpating circumstances with equal care.Art. 7 Obligation to prosecute The criminal justice authorities are obliged to commence and conduct proceedings that fall within their jurisdiction where they are aware of or have grounds for suspecting that an offence has been committed. The cantons may provide:a. for the exclusion or limitation of criminal liability for statements made in the cantonal parliament by the members of their legislative and judicial authorities and of their governments;b. that the prosecution of members of their authorities responsible for the execution of sentences and measures and judicial authorities for felonies or misdemeanours committed while in office be made subject to the authorisation of a non-judicial authority.Art. 8 Waiving prosecution The public prosecutor and courts shall waive prosecution if the federal law so permits, in particular subject to the requirements of Articles 52, 53 and 54 of the Swiss Criminal Code (SCC). Unless it is contrary to the private claimant's overriding interests, they shall also waive prosecution if:a. the offence is of negligible importance in comparison with the other offences with which the accused is charged as regards the expected sentence or measure;b. any additional penalty imposed in combination with the sentence in the final judgment would be negligible;c. an equivalent sentence imposed abroad would have to be taken into account when imposing a sentence for the offence prosecuted. Unless it is contrary to the private claimant's overriding interests, the public prosecutor and courts may waive the prosecution if the offence is already being prosecuted by a foreign authority or the prosecution has been assigned to such an authority. In such cases, they shall issue an order stating that no proceedings are being taking or that the ongoing proceedings have been abandoned. SR 311.0Art. 9 Principle of no judgment without a charge An offence may only be judicially assessed if the public prosecutor has brought a related charge against a specific person in the competent court based on precisely described circumstances. The foregoing paragraph does not apply to proceedings relating to summary penalty orders and contraventions.Art. 10 Presumption of innocence and assessment of evidence Every person is presumed to be innocent until they have been convicted in a judgment that is final and legally binding. The court shall be free to interpret the evidence in accordance with the views that it forms over the entire proceedings. Where there is insurmountable doubt as to whether the factual requirements of alleged offence have been fulfilled, the court shall proceed on the assumption that the circumstances more favourable to the accused occurred.Art. 11 Prohibition of double jeopardy No person who has been convicted or acquitted in Switzerland by a final legally binding judgment may be prosecuted again for the same offence. The foregoing paragraph does not apply to proceedings that have been waived or abandoned and to the review of a case.Title 2 Criminal Justice AuthoritiesChapter 1 PowersSection 1 General ProvisionsArt. 12 Prosecution authoritiesThe prosecution authorities are:a. the police;b. the public prosecutor;c. the authorities responsible for prosecuting contraventions.Art. 13 CourtsThe following bodies have judicial powers in criminal proceedings:a. the compulsory measures court;b. the court of first instance;c. the objections court;d. the court of appeal.Art. 14 Titles and organisation of the criminal justice authorities The Confederation and the cantons shall determine their own criminal justice authorities and the titles that they use. They shall regulate the composition, organisation and powers of the criminal justice authorities and the appointment of their members, unless this Code or other federal acts regulate the same in full. They may establish the offices of a chief public prosecutor or attorney general. They may establish two or more similar criminal justice authorities and specify the local or material jurisdiction of each; exempted therefrom are the objections court and the court of appeal. They shall regulate the supervision of their criminal justice authorities.Section 2 Prosecution AuthoritiesArt. 15 Police The activities of the federal, cantonal and communal police in prosecution matters are governed by this Code. The police investigate offences on their own initiative, in response to reports from members of the public and from authorities, and on the instructions of the public prosecutor; in doing so, they are subject to the supervision and the directives of the public prosecutor. Where criminal proceedings are pending before a court, the court may issue the police with instructions and assignments.Art. 16 Public prosecutor The public prosecutor is responsible for the uniform exercise of the state's right to punish criminal conduct. It conducts preliminary proceedings, pursues offences within the scope of the investigation, and where applicable brings charges and acts as prosecutor.Art. 17 Authorities responsible for prosecuting contraventions The Confederation and the cantons may delegate the prosecution and adjudication of contraventions to administrative authorities. Where contraventions are committed in connection with a felony or misdemeanour, they shall be prosecuted by the public prosecutor and judged by the courts at the same time as the more serious offence.Section 3 CourtsArt. 18 Compulsory measures court The compulsory measures court is responsible for ordering the accused's remand or preventive detention and, where this Code so provides, for ordering or approving additional compulsory measures. Members of the compulsory measures court may not sit as judge at the trial in the same case.Art. 19 Court of first instance The court of first instance assesses, as the first instance, all offences that do not fall within the jurisdiction of other authorities. The Confederation and the cantons may provide that the court of first instance comprise one judge sitting alone to assess:a. contraventions;b. felonies and misdemeanours, with exception of those for which the public prosecutor demands a custodial sentence of more than two years, indefinite incarceration in terms of Article 64 SCC, treatment in terms of Article 59 SCC or, in the case of suspended sanctions to be revoked simultaneously, a deprivation of liberty of more than two years. Amended by No I of the FA of 17 June 2022, in force since 1 Jan. 2024  (AS 2023 468; BBl 2019 6697). SR 311.0Art. 20 Objections authority The objections court rules on objections against the procedural acts and decisions not subject to formal appeal:a. of the courts of first instance;b. of the police, the public prosecutor and the authorities responsible for prosecuting contraventions;c. of the compulsory measures court in the cases provided for by this Code. The Confederation and the cantons may assign the powers of the objections court to the court of appeal.Art. 21 Court of appeal The court of appeal decides on:a. appeals against judgments of the courts of first instance;b. applications for the review of a case. Any person who has acted as a member of the objections court may not sit as a member of the court of appeal in the same case. Any person who has acted as a member of the court of appeal in a specific case may not act as a judge reviewing the same case.Chapter 2 Material JurisdictionSection 1 Extent of Federal and Cantonal JurisdictionArt. 22 Cantonal jurisdictionThe cantonal criminal justice authorities shall prosecute and judge offences under federal law, subject to the statutory exceptions.Art. 23 Federal jurisdiction in general The following offences in the SCC are subject to federal jurisdiction:a. the offences in Titles One and Four and Articles 140, 156, 189 and 190 insofar as they are committed against persons protected by international law, members of the Federal Council, the Federal Chancellor or judges of the Federal Courts, members the Federal Assembly, the Federal Attorney General or the Deputy Attorneys General;b. the offences in Articles 137–141, 144, 160 and 172insofar as they relate to premises, archives or documents of diplomatic missions and consulates;c. the taking of hostages in terms of Article 185 in order to exert duress on federal or foreign authorities;d. felonies and misdemeanours under Article 224–226;e. the felonies and misdemeanours in Title Ten relating to coinage, paper money and banknotes, official stamps and other federal marks, weights and measures;f. the felonies and misdemeanours in Title Eleven insofar as they relate to official federal documents, with the exception of driving licences and receipts for postal money transfers; not included are vignettes for using first and second class national highways;g. the offences in Title Twelve and Twelve as well as Article 264k;h. the offences in Article 260 and in Titles Thirteen to Fifteen and in Title Seventeen, provided they are directed against the Confederation, the authorities of the Confederation, the will of the People in federal elections, popular votes, requests for a referendum or initiatives, against federal powers or against the administration of federal justice;i. the felonies and misdemeanours in Title Sixteen;j. the offences in Titles Eighteen and Nineteen insofar as they are committed by a member of an authority or an employee of the Confederation or against the Confederation;k. the contraventions in Articles 329 and 331;l. political felonies and misdemeanours that are the cause or consequence of unrest that gives rise to armed federal intervention. The regulations contained in special federal acts on the jurisdiction of the Federal Criminal Court are reserved. SR 311.0 Amended by Annex No II 7 of the Criminal Justice Authorities Act of 19 March 2010, in force since 1 Jan. 2011 (AS 2010 3267; BBl 2008 8125). Amended by Annex No II 1 of the Fixed Penalties Act of 18 March 2016, in force since  1 Jan. 2018 (AS 2017 6559; BBl 2015 959). Amended by No I 3 of the FA of 18 June 2010 on the Amendment of Federal Legislation in Implementation of the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court, in force since 1 Jan. 2011 (AS 2010 4963; BBl 2008 3863). Amended by No I 12 of the FA of 17 Dec. 2021 on the Harmonisation of Sentencing Policy, in force since 1 July 2023 (AS 2023 259; BBl 2018 2827).Art. 24 Federal jurisdiction in the case of organised crime, terrorist offences and white-collar crime Federal jurisdiction further applies to the offences in Articles 260, 260, 260, 305, 305 and 322–322 SCC as well as the felonies associated with a criminal or terrorist organisation as defined in Article 260 SCC, if the offences:a. have to substantial extent been committed abroad;b. have been committed in two or more cantons with no single canton being the clear focus of the criminal activity. In the case of felonies under Titles Two and Eleven of the SCC, the Office of the Attorney General of Switzerland may open an investigation if:a. the requirements of paragraph 1 are fulfilled; andb. no cantonal criminal justice authority is dealing with the case or if the competent cantonal criminal justice authority requests the Office of the Attorney General of Switzerland to take over the case. The opening of an investigation in accordance with paragraph 2 establishes federal jurisdiction. Amended by Annex No II 3 of the FedD of 25 Sept. 2020 on the Approval and Implementation of the Council of Europe Convention on the Prevention of Terrorism and its Additional Protocol and the Strengthening of Criminal Justice Instruments for combating Terrorism and Organised Crime, in force since 1 July 2021 (AS 2021 360; BBl 2018 6427). SR 311.0 Amended by Annex No II 3 of the FedD of 25 Sept. 2020 on the Approval and Implementation of the Council of Europe Convention on the Prevention of Terrorism and its Additional Protocol and the Strengthening of Criminal Justice Instruments for combating Terrorism and Organised Crime, in force since 1 July 2021 (AS 2021 360; BBl 2018 6427).Art. 25 Delegation to the cantons The Office of the Attorney General of Switzerland may assign a criminal case subject to federal jurisdiction in terms of Article 23 to the cantonal authorities for investigation and adjudication or, by way of exception, for assessment only. Exempted therefrom are criminal cases in terms of Article 23 paragraph 1 letter g. In minor cases, it may also assign a criminal case subject to federal jurisdiction in terms of Article 24 to the cantonal authorities for investigation and adjudication.Art. 26 Multiple jurisdiction If the offence was committed in two or more cantons or abroad or if offenders, co-offenders, or participants are domiciled or habitually resident in different cantons, the Office of the Attorney General of Switzerland shall decide which canton investigates and adjudicates the case. If a criminal case is subject to both federal and cantonal jurisdiction, the Office of the Attorney General of Switzerland may instruct the proceedings to be combined and dealt with by the federal authorities or the cantonal authorities. Jurisdiction established in accordance with paragraph 2 continues to apply even if that part of the proceedings that established jurisdiction has been abandoned. Where delegation in accordance with this Chapter is an option, the public prosecutors of the Confederation and the cantons shall provide each other with their respective files. Once the decision is made, the files shall be passed to the authority that must investigate and adjudicate the case.Art. 27 Jurisdiction over the initial enquiries Where a case is subject to federal jurisdiction, the matter is urgent and the federal criminal justice authorities are not yet involved, the police enquiries and the investigation may also be conducted by the cantonal authorities that have local jurisdiction under the rules on place of jurisdiction. The Office of the Attorney General of Switzerland must be notified immediately; the case must be transferred to the OAG or referred for a decision in terms of Articles 25 or 26 as soon as possible. In the case of offences that have been committed wholly or partly in two or more cantons or abroad and for which federal or cantonal jurisdiction has not yet been established, the federal criminal justice authorities may conduct the initial enquiries.Art. 28 ConflictsIn the event of conflicts between the Office of the Attorney General of Switzerland and cantonal criminal justice authorities, the Federal Criminal Court shall decide.Section 2 Jurisdiction where two or more Offences coincideArt. 29 Principle of unity of proceedings Offences shall be prosecuted and adjudicated together where:a. one person is accused of two or more offences; orb. the case involves co-offending or participation. Where one or more of multiple offences are subject to federal jurisdiction or multiple offences have been committed in different cantons and by two or more persons, Articles 25 and 33–38 take precedence.Art. 30 ExceptionsThe public prosecutor and the courts may separate or combine criminal proceedings for practical reasons.Chapter 3 Place of JurisdictionSection 1 PrinciplesArt. 31 Place of jurisdiction of the place of commission The authorities of the locus of criminal act was committed have jurisdiction to prosecute and adjudicate the offence. If it is only the outcome of the offence that occurs in Switzerland, the authorities at the place where it occurs have jurisdiction. Where the offence is committed in two or more places or if the outcome occurs in two or more places, the authorities in the place where the initial prosecution procedures are carried out have jurisdiction. Where an accused has committed two or more felonies, misdemeanours or contraventions in the same locus, the various proceedings shall be combined.Art. 32 Place of jurisdiction for offences committed abroad or at an unknown location Where an offence was committed abroad or if the place of commission cannot be established, the authorities of the place where the accused is domiciled or habitually resident has jurisdiction to prosecute and adjudicate the offence. If the accused is neither domiciled nor habitually resident in Switzerland, the authorities at his or her place of origin have jurisdiction; in the absence of a place of origin, the authorities of the place where the accused was found have jurisdiction. In the absence of a place of jurisdiction in accordance with paragraphs 1 and 2, authorities of the Canton requesting extradition have jurisdiction.Section 2 Special JurisdictionArt. 33 Place of jurisdiction in the case of two or more participants The participants in an offence shall be prosecuted and adjudicated by the same authorities as the principal offender. If an offence has been committed by two or more co-offenders, the authorities of the place where the initial prosecution procedures were carried out have jurisdiction.Art. 34 Place of jurisdiction where two or more offences are committed at different loci Where an accused has committed two or more offences at different loci, the authorities of the place where the offence that carries the most severe penalty was committed have jurisdiction to prosecute and adjudicate all offences. Where two or more offences carry the same penalty, the authorities of the place where the initial prosecution procedures were carried out have jurisdiction. Where charges have already been brought in a participant canton in respect of one of the offences at the time of the procedure to establish jurisdiction in accordance with Articles 39–42, the proceedings shall be conducted separately. Where a person is sentenced by different courts to two or more similar penalties, the court that has imposed the most severe penalty shall on application impose a cumulative sentence on the convicted person.Art. 35 Place of jurisdiction for offences via the media In the case of an offence under Article 28 SCC committed in Switzerland, the authorities of the place where the media undertaking has its registered office have jurisdiction. If the author is known and if he or she is domiciled or habitually resident in Switzerland, the authorities at the domicile or the place of habitual residence have jurisdiction. In such a case, the proceedings shall be conducted where the initial prosecution procedures were carried out. In the case of offences prosecuted only on complaint, the complainant may choose between the two places of jurisdiction. Where no place of jurisdiction is established by paragraphs 1 or 2, the authorities of the place where the media product is broadcast have jurisdiction. If broadcasting takes place in two or more places, the authorities of the place where the initial prosecution procedures were carried out have jurisdiction. SR 311.0Art. 36 Place of jurisdiction in the case of Debt Enforcement and Bankruptcy offences and criminal proceedings against corporate undertakings In the case of offences in accordance with Articles 163–171 SCC, the authorities at the domicile, place of habitual residence or registered office of the debtor have jurisdiction responsible. For criminal proceedings against a corporate undertaking in terms of Article 102 SCC, the authorities at the registered office of the undertaking have jurisdiction. The foregoing also applies if a person acting for the undertaking is also being prosecuted for the same offence. In the absence of a place of jurisdiction in accordance with paragraphs 1 and 2, jurisdiction is established in accordance with Articles 31–35. SR 311.0 Amended by No I 12 of the FA of 17 Dec. 2021 on the Harmonisation of Sentencing Policy, in force since 1 July 2023 (AS 2023 259; BBl 2018 2827).Art. 37 Place of jurisdiction for separate forfeiture proceedings Separate forfeiture proceedings (Art. 376–378) must be carried out in the place where the items or assets to be forfeited are located. If the items or assets to be forfeited are located in two or more cantons and if they are connected to the same offence or offender, the authorities of the place where the forfeiture proceedings were initiated has jurisdiction.Art. 38 Establishing an alternative place of jurisdiction The public prosecutors may by mutual agreement establish a place of jurisdiction other than that provided for in Articles 31–37 if this is justified by the focus of the criminal activity, the personal circumstances of the accused or other just cause. In order to safeguard the procedural rights of a party, after charges have been filed, the cantonal objections court may on application from that party or ex officio transfer the adjudication to another court of first instance in the same canton with material jurisdiction in derogation from the rules on place of jurisdiction in this Chapter.Section 3 Procedure for Establishing JurisdictionArt. 39 Verification of and agreement on jurisdiction  The criminal justice authorities shall verify their jurisdiction ex officio and if necessary transfer the case to the competent authority. Where two or more criminal justice authorities have local jurisdiction, the public prosecutors concerned shall notify each other immediately of the essential elements of the case and endeavour to reach agreement as soon as possible.Art. 40 Conflicts of jurisdiction In the event of a dispute over jurisdiction between criminal justice authorities in the same canton, the Office of the Chief Cantonal Prosecutor or Cantonal Attorney General shall decide or, if there is no such office, the cantonal objections court. In the event of a dispute over jurisdiction between criminal justice authorities in different cantons, the public prosecutor of the canton that was first to deal with the matter shall submit the issue immediately, and in every case before bringing charges, to the Federal Criminal Court for decision. The authority competent to decide on the place of jurisdiction may specify a place of jurisdiction other than that provided for in Articles 31–37 if this is required due to the focus of the criminal activity or the personal circumstances of the accused or if there is other just cause. Amended by No I of the FA of 17 June 2022, in force since 1 Jan. 2024  (AS 2023 468; BBl 2019 6697).Art. 41 Contesting the place of jurisdiction  If a party wishes to contest the jurisdiction of the authority conducting the criminal proceedings, he or she must immediately request the authority to transfer the case to the competent criminal justice authority. The parties may file an objection within 10 days with the authority responsible for the decision on the place of jurisdiction in terms of Article 40 against the decision on the place of jurisdiction (Art. 39 para. 2) made by the public prosecutors concerned. If the public prosecutors have agreed on an alternative place of jurisdiction (Art. 38 para. 1), only the party whose request under paragraph 1 is rejected has the right to file an objection.Art. 42 Common provisions Until a binding decision is made on the place of jurisdiction, the first authority to deal with the case shall carry out any measures that cannot be delayed. If necessary, the authority responsible for the decision on the place of jurisdiction shall designate the authority that must provisionally deal with the matter. Persons who have been arrested shall only be transferred to the authorities of other cantons when a binding decision on jurisdiction has been made. A place of jurisdiction established in accordance with Articles 38–41 may be changed only if good cause has subsequently arisen before charges have been brought.Chapter 4 Domestic Mutual AssistanceSection 1 General ProvisionsArt. 43 Scope of application and definition The provisions this Chapter regulate mutual assistance in criminal matters provided by federal and cantonal authorities to public prosecutors, authorities responsible for prosecuting contraventions and federal and cantonal courts. In relation to the police, these provisions apply to the extent that the police are acting on instructions from public prosecutors, authorities responsible for prosecuting contraventions and courts. Direct mutual assistance between police authorities at federal and cantonal levels and between two or more cantonal police authorities is permitted provided it does not relate to compulsory measures that fall within the exclusive competence of the public prosecutor or the court. Mutual assistance is deemed to be any measure requested by an authority within the scope of their competence in ongoing criminal proceedings.Art. 44 Obligation to provide mutual assistanceThe federal and cantonal authorities are obliged to provide mutual assistance in respect of offences being prosecuted and adjudicated under federal law in application of this Code. The correction by the Federal Assembly Drafting Committee dated 10 Nov. 2014, published on 25 Nov. 2014 relates only to the French text (AS 2014 4071).Art. 45 Support The cantons shall, to the extent that it is required and possible, provide the criminal justice authorities of the Confederation and other cantons with rooms in which to carry out their official duties and for the accommodation of persons detained pending trial. At the request of the federal criminal justice authorities, the cantons shall take the measures required to guarantee the security of the official duties of these authorities.Art. 46 Direct communication The authorities shall communicate directly with each other. Requests for mutual assistance may be filed in the language of the requesting or the requested authority. If there is any uncertainty as to which authority has jurisdiction, the requesting authority shall file the request for mutual assistance with the highest public prosecutor of the requested Canton or of the Confederation. This service shall pass the request on to the relevant office. Details of the competent local Swiss justice authority for mutual assistance requests may be obtained from the following website: www.elorge.admin.chArt. 47 Costs Mutual assistance is provided free of charge. The Confederation shall reimburse the cantons the costs of support as defined in Article 45 that it has caused them to incur. Notice shall be given to the requesting canton or the Confederation of any costs that have arisen in order that they may be charged to the parties liable to pay costs. The requesting canton or the Confederation shall bear any obligations to pay compensation arising from mutual assistance measures.Art. 48 Disputes The objections court in the relevant canton shall make a final decision on any dispute over mutual assistance between authorities of the same canton. The Federal Criminal Court decides on conflicts between federal and cantonal authorities as well as between authorities of different cantons.Section 2 Procedural Acts at the Request of the Confederation or of another CantonArt. 49 Principles The federal and cantonal public prosecutors and courts may request the criminal justice authorities of other cantons or of the Confederation to carry out procedural acts. The requested authority shall not examine whether the requested procedural acts are admissible or equitable. The authorities of the requesting Canton or of the Confederation have jurisdiction to hear appeals against mutual assistance measures. Only the implementation of the mutual assistance measures may be contested before the authorities of the requested Canton or of the Confederation.Art. 50 Request for compulsory measures The requesting authority shall request that a person be arrested with a written warrant for an enforced appearance (Art. 208). If possible, the requested authority shall hand over the arrested persons within 24 hours. Applications for other compulsory measures must include a brief notice of the grounds. In cases of urgency, notice of the grounds may be provided later.Art. 51 Right to participate The parties, their legal agents and the requesting authority may participate in the requested procedural acts, insofar as this Code provides therefor. If participation is possible, the requested authority shall notify the requesting authority, the parties and their legal agents as to where and when the procedural act will be carried out.Section 3 Procedural Acts in another CantonArt. 52 Principles Federal and cantonal public prosecutors, authorities responsible for prosecuting contraventions and courts are entitled to order and carry out any of the procedural acts specified in this Code directly in another canton. Prior notice shall be given to the public prosecutor of the canton in which the procedural act is to be carried out. In cases of urgency, subsequent notice is possible. No notice is required for obtaining information and for requesting the handover of files. The costs of the procedural acts and any related obligations to pay compensation shall be borne by the Confederation or the canton carrying out the act; it may charge the costs to the parties in accordance with Articles 426 and 427.Art. 53 Using the services of the policeIf the requesting authority requires the support of the police in order to carry out a procedural act, it shall make the relevant request to the public prosecutor of the requested Canton, which shall issue the necessary instructions to the local police.Chapter 5 International Mutual AssistanceArt. 54 Scope of Application of this CodeThe provision of international mutual assistance and the mutual assistance proceedings are governed by this Code only to the extent that other federal acts and international agreements make no provision therefor.Art. 55 Jurisdiction in general Where a canton is involved in a case of international mutual assistance, the public prosecutor has jurisdiction. During the main proceedings, the courts may themselves submit requests for mutual assistance. The powers of the authorities responsible for the execution of sentences and measures are reserved. Where federal law assigns mutual assistance duties to a judicial authority, the objections court has jurisdiction. Where a canton dealing with a request for mutual assistance from abroad carries out procedural acts in other cantons, the provisions on domestic mutual assistance apply. The cantons shall regulate any additional procedures. Amended by No I of the FA of 17 June 2022, in force since 1 Jan. 2024  (AS 2023 468; BBl 2019 6697).Art. 55a Jurisdiction of the compulsory measures courtIf a Swiss prosecution authority files a request for mutual assistance in respect of a compulsory measure abroad and if the State requested for mutual assistance requires a court decision, the compulsory measures court is responsible for approving the measure. Inserted by No I of the FA of 17 June 2022, in force since 1 Jan. 2024  (AS 2023 468; BBl 2019 6697). Chapter 6 RecusalArt. 56 Grounds for recusalA person acting for a criminal justice authority shall recuse him- or herself if he or she:a. has a personal interest in the case;b. has acted in another capacity in the same case, and in particular as a member of an authority, as the legal agent for a party, as an expert witness, or as a witness;c. is married to, or living in a registered partnership or cohabiting with a party, his or her legal agent or a person who has acted as a member of the lower court;d. is related to a party by birth or by marriage directly or collaterally up to and including the third degree;e. is related to the legal agent of a party or of a person who acted in the same case as a member of the lower court directly or collaterally up to and including the second degree;f. may not be impartial for other reasons, in particular due to friendship or enmity with a party or his or her legal agent.Art. 57 Duty to notifyWhere a person acting for a criminal justice authority has grounds for recusal, that person shall notify the director of proceedings in good time.Art. 58 Recusal request by a party If a party requests that a person acting for a criminal justice authority be recuse him- or herself, the party must submit the relevant application to the director of proceedings as soon as he or she becomes aware of the grounds for recusal; the circumstances justifying recusal must be credibly substantiated. The person concerned shall respond to the application.Art. 59 Decision If grounds for recusal in terms of Article 56 letter a or f are claimed or if a person acting for a criminal justice authority opposes a party application for recusal based on Article 56 letters b–e, the following authorities shall decide without taking additional evidence:a. the public prosecutor if matter relates to the police;b. the objections court if the matter relates to the public prosecutor, the authorities responsible for prosecuting contraventions or the courts of first instance;c. the court of appeal if the matter relates to the objections court or individual members of the court of appeal;d. the Federal Criminal Court if the matter relates to an entire cantonal court of appeal. The decision shall be issued in writing and with a statement of reasons. Until the decision is issued, the person concerned shall continue to exercise his office. If the application is approved, the procedural costs are borne by the Confederation or the canton. If it is rejected or was clearly submitted too late or vexatious, the costs are borne by the applicant. Amended by No I of the FA of 17 June 2022, in force since 1 Jan. 2024  (AS 2023 468; BBl 2019 6697). Amended by No II 3 of the FA of 17 March 2017 (Creation of an Appeals Chamber in the Federal Criminal Court), in force since 1 Jan. 2019 (AS 2017 5769; BBl 2013 7109,  2016 6199).Art. 60 Consequences of violating the recusal regulations Where a person subject to recusal has participated in official acts, these acts must be annulled and repeated if so requested by a party within 5 days of becoming aware of the decision on recusal. Evidence that cannot be taken again may be taken into consideration by the criminal justice authority. If the ground for recusal comes to light only after conclusion of the proceedings, the provisions on the review of cases apply.Chapter 7 Director of Proceedings Revised by the Federal Assembly Drafting Committee (Art. 58 para. 1 ParlA; SR 171.10).Art. 61 JurisdictionThe persons responsible for directing the proceedings are:a. until proceedings are abandoned or charges are brought: the public prosecutor;b. in contravention proceedings: the authority responsible for prosecuting contraventions;c. in court proceedings before a panel of judges: the president of the court concerned;d. in court proceedings before one judge sitting alone: the judge.Art. 62 General duties The director of proceedings makes the arrangements required to guarantee the lawful and orderly conduct of the proceedings. In court proceedings before a panel of judges, the director of proceedings holds all the powers that are not reserved to the court.Art. 63 Measures to ensure order in court The director of proceedings shall ensure security, quiet and order during the hearings. The director of proceedings may warn any person who disrupts the hearings or breaches the rules of respectable behaviour. In the event of any repetition, he or she may deny them the right to speak, order them to leave the court and if necessary have them held in police custody until the conclusion of the hearing. He or she may order that the court be cleared. The director of proceedings may request the assistance of the police at the place where the proceedings are being held. If a party is excluded from the court, the proceedings shall nevertheless be continued.Art. 64 Disciplinary measures The director of proceedings may order a person who disrupts the hearings, breaches the rules of respectable behaviour or disregards orders directing proceedings to pay a fixed penalty fine of up to 1000 francs. Fixed penalty fines imposed by the public prosecutor and the courts of first instance may be challenged before the objections court within 10 days. Its decision is final.Art. 65 Right of appeal against orders directing proceedings issued by the court Orders directing proceedings issued by the court may only be challenged when the final judgment is issued. If the director of proceedings in a court with a panel of judges has issued orders directing proceedings before the trial, the court may amend or revoke such orders ex officio or on request.Chapter 8 General Procedural RegulationsSection 1 Requirement of Oral Proceedings; LanguageArt. 66 Requirement of oral proceedingsProceedings before the criminal justice authorities shall be conducted orally unless this Code provides for written proceedings.Art. 67 Language of the proceedings The Confederation and the cantons shall determine the languages to be used by their criminal justice authorities in proceedings. The cantonal criminal justice authorities shall carry out all procedural acts in the languages that they use in proceedings; the director of proceedings may permit exceptions.Art. 68 Translation and interpretation Where a party to the proceedings does not understand the language of the proceedings or is unable to express him- or herself adequately, the director of proceedings shall appoint an interpreter. In minor or urgent cases, the director of proceedings may, if the person concerned consents, dispense with appointing an interpreter provided the director of proceedings and the clerk of court have an adequate command of the foreign language concerned. Even if he or she has a defence lawyer, the accused shall be notified in a language that he or she understands, either orally or in writing, of at least the essential content of the most important procedural acts. There is no right to have all procedural acts and files translated in full. Files that are not submissions made by parties shall, if required, be translated in writing or orally translated for the record of proceedings. A person of the same sex must be appointed to translate questions to be put to the victim of a sexual offence where the victim so requests and it is possible without causing an unreasonable delay to the proceedings. The provisions on expert witnesses (Art. 73, 105, 182–191) apply mutatis mutandis to translators and interpreters.Section 2 Public ProceedingsArt. 69 Principles Proceedings before the court of first instance and the court of appeal, together with the oral passing of judgments and decrees of these courts shall, with the exception of the judges' deliberations, be conducted in public. If the parties to such cases have waived their right to the public passing of judgment, or if a summary penalty order is issued, interested persons may inspect the judgments and summary penalty orders. The following proceedings are not conducted in public:a. preliminary proceedings, with the exception of public announcements made by the criminal justice authorities;b. proceedings before the compulsory measures court;c. proceedings before the objections court and, in cases where they are conducted in writing, before the court of appeal;d. summary penalty order proceedings. Public hearings are open to all members of the public; however, persons under 16 years of age shall only be admitted with the permission of the director of proceedings.Art. 70 Restrictions on and exclusion of public access The court may completely or partly exclude members of the public from court hearings if:a. public safety or order or the legitimate interests of a person involved, and in particular the victim, so require;b. too many members of the public wish access to the court. If members of the public are excluded, the accused, the victim and private claimants may each be accompanied by a maximum of three confidants. Subject to specific requirements, the court may allow court reporters and additional persons with a legitimate interest access to proceedings that are private in accordance with paragraph 1. If members of the public are excluded, the court shall pass judgement at a public hearing or shall if required inform the public of the outcome of the proceedings in another suitable manner. Art. 71 Video and audio recordings It is not permitted to make video or audio recordings within the court building or to make such recordings of procedural acts carried out outside the court building. Persons infringing the foregoing paragraph may be liable to a fixed penalty fine in accordance with Article 64 paragraph 1. Unauthorised recordings may be confiscated.Art. 72 Court reportingThe Confederation and the cantons may regulate the accreditation and rights and obligations of court reporters.Section 3 Confidentiality, Information to the Public, Communications to AuthoritiesArt. 73 Duty of confidentiality Members of criminal justice authorities, their employees and experts appointed by criminal justice authorities shall treat as confidential information that comes to their knowledge in the exercise of their official duties. The director of proceedings may require private claimants and other persons involved in the proceedings and their legal agents, under caution as to Article 292 SCC, to maintain confidentiality with regard to the proceedings and the persons concerned if the object of the proceedings or a private interest so requires. A time limit must be placed on this obligation. SR 311.0Art. 74 Provision of information to the public The public prosecutor, the courts and, with the consent of the courts, the police may provide the public with information on pending proceedings where this is required:a. so that the public may assist in enquiries into offences or in locating suspects;b. to warn or reassure the public;c. to correct inaccurate reports or rumours;d. due to the special importance of a case. The police may also inform the public on their own initiative about accidents and offences without naming the persons involved. When providing information to the public, the presumption of innocence and the personal privacy of the persons concerned must be observed. In cases involving a victim, authorities and private individuals may only identify the victim or provide information that enables his or her identification outside public court proceedings if:a. the assistance of the public in enquiries into a felony or in tracing suspects is required; orb. the victim or his or her survivors consent.Art. 75 Communications with other authorities Where an accused is serving a sentence or subject to a criminal measure, the criminal justice authorities shall inform the authorities responsible for the execution of sentences or measures of any new criminal proceedings and any decisions issued. The criminal justice authorities shall inform the social services and child and adult protection authorities of any criminal proceedings that have been initiated and of any decisions in criminal proceedings if this is required for the protection of an accused or a person suffering harm or his or her next-of-kin. If they establish in the prosecution of offences in which minors are involved that further measures are required, they shall inform the child protection authorities immediately. The director of proceedings shall notify the Defence Group of pending criminal proceedings against members of the armed forces or potential conscripts if there are serious indications or other evidence that the person concerned could use a firearm to harm themselves or other persons. The Confederation and the cantons may require or authorise the criminal justice authorities to make further communications to authorities.Amended by Annex No 2 of the FA of 15 Dec. 2017 (Child Protection), in force since  1 Jan. 2019 (AS 2018 2947; BBl 2015 3431).Amended by Annex No 2 of the FA of 15 Dec. 2017 (Child Protection), in force since  1 Jan. 2019 (AS 2018 2947; BBl 2015 3431). Inserted by No I 2 of the FA of 25 Sept. 2015 on Improving the Exchange of Information between Authorities in relation to Weapons, (AS 2016 1831; BBl 2014 303). Amended by Annex No 3 of the FA of 18 March 2016, in force since 1 Jan. 2018 (AS 2016 4277,  2017 2297; BBl 2014 6955).Section 4 RecordsArt. 76 General Provisions The statements of the parties, the oral decisions of the authorities and any other procedural acts that are not carried out in writing shall be recorded. The clerk of court, the director of proceedings and, where applicable, the interpreter or translator shall confirm the accuracy of the record. The director of proceedings is responsible for ensuring that procedural acts are completely and correctly recorded. He or she may order that an audio or video recording of all or part of a procedural act be made, in addition to its being recorded in writing. He or she shall give those present advance notice of such a recording.Art. 77 Records of proceedingsThe records of proceedings contain details of all the essential procedural acts and in particular provide information on:a. the nature, place, date and time of the procedural acts;b. the names of the participant members of authorities, the parties, their legal agents and any other persons present;c. the applications of the parties;d. the caution given regarding the rights and obligations of the persons examined;e. the statements made by the persons examined;f. the course of events in the proceedings, the instructions given by the criminal justice authority and compliance with the formal requirements for the individual procedural acts;g. the files and other evidence submitted by the persons involved in the proceedings or otherwise produced in the criminal proceedings;h. the decisions and the grounds therefor, unless these are separately included in the files.Art. 78 Records of hearings in general The statements of the parties, witnesses, persons providing information and expert witnesses shall be recorded as they are made. The record is made in the language of the proceedings, but important statements must if possible be recorded in the language in which the person examined makes them. Decisive questions and answers shall be recorded verbatim. The director of proceedings may permit the person examined to dictate his or her own statements. On conclusion of the examination hearing, the record shall be read out to the person examined or given to him or her to read. Once aware of its content, the person examined must sign the record and initial each page. If he or she refuses to read or sign the record, the refusal and reasons given for doing so shall be noted in the record. ... In the case of hearings by means of video conference, the person examined shall make an oral declaration that he or she understands the content of the record instead of signing and initialling the same. The declaration shall be noted in the record. If records written by hand are not easily legible or if the statements have been recorded in shorthand, a legible copy shall be prepared immediately. Notes shall be preserved until the conclusion of the proceedings. Amended by No I of the FA of 17 June 2022, in force since 1 Jan. 2024  (AS 2023 468; BBl 2019 6697). Inserted by No I 2 of the FA of 28 Sept. 2012 (Transcription Regulations) (AS 2013 851; BBl 2012 5707 5719). Repealed by No I of the FA of 17 June 2022, with effect from 1 Jan. 2024 (AS 2023 468; BBl 2019 6697). Amended by No I 2 of the FA of 28 Sept. 2012 (Transcription Regulations), in force since 1 May 2013 (AS 2013 851; BBl 2012 5707 5719).Art. 78a Transcripts of recordings of examination hearingsIf an examination hearing is recorded using technical aids, the following derogations from the general rules (Art. 78) apply:a. Instead of making a continuous written transcript of the examination, the transcript may be made after the examination based on the recording, but in principle within seven days of the examination.b. The examining authority may dispense with reading the transcript back to the person examined and or giving that person the transcript to read and sign.c. The recordings of the examination shall be placed in the case files immediately. Inserted by No I of the FA of 17 June 2022, in force since 1 Jan. 2024  (AS 2023 468; BBl 2019 6697).Art. 79 Corrections Obvious errors shall be corrected by the director of proceedings and the clerk of court; the director of proceedings shall thereafter notify the parties of the corrections. The director of proceedings shall decide on requests to have the records corrected. Corrections, alterations, deletions and additions shall be certified by the clerk of court and the director of proceedings. Any alterations to the content shall be made in such a manner that the original record remains recognisable.Section 5 DecisionsArt. 80 Form Decisions that determine substantive criminal or civil issues, together with individual subsequent decisions and individual forfeiture decisions, are issued in the form of a judgment. Other decisions, if made by an authority comprising a panel of judges, are issued in the form of a decree, or if they are made by a single person, in the form of a ruling. The provisions on summary penalty order procedures are reserved. Decisions are issued in writing and contain a statement of the grounds. They are signed by the director of proceedings and the clerk of court and are served on the parties. Simple decrees and rulings directing proceedings do not require to be issued in any specific form or to contain a statement of grounds; they are noted in the case records and notified to the parties in a suitable manner. First and second sentences amended by No I of the FA of 17 June 2022, in force since 1 Jan. 2024 (AS 2023 468; BBl 2019 6697).Art. 81 Content of final judgments Judgments and other decisions concluding proceedings contain:a. an introduction;b. a statement of the grounds;c.  conclusions;d. if subject to appeal: instructions on appellate remedies. The introduction contains:a. details of the criminal justice authority and its members who participated in making the decision;b. the date of the decision;c. sufficient details of the parties and of their legal agents;d. in the case of judgments, the final submissions made by the parties. The statement of the grounds contains:a. in the case of judgments: an appraisal of the factual and legal issues relating to the conduct incriminating the accused, and an explanation of why any sanctions or incidental legal orders were imposed and the decision on costs or compensation;b. in the case of other decisions concluding proceedings: the reasons for concluding the proceedings. The conclusions contain:a. details of the statutory provisions;b. in the case of judgments: the verdict and decisions on related sanctions, costs and compensation and any civil claims;c. in the case of other decisions concluding proceedings: the order concluding the proceedings;d. the subsequent decisions of the court;e. the decision on the incidental legal orders;f. the details of the persons and authorities who are to receive a copy of the decision or of the conclusions.Art. 82 Limitations to the duty to state grounds The court of first instance shall dispense with a written statement of the grounds if it:a. states the grounds for the judgment orally; andb. it does not impose a custodial sentence of more than two years, indefinite incarceration under Article 64 SCC, treatment in terms of Article 59 SCC or, in the case of suspended sanctions to be revoked simultaneously, a deprivation of liberty of more than two years. The court shall provide the parties retrospectively with a written judgment stating the grounds if:a. a party requests the same within 10 days of service of the conclusions;b. a party files an appeal. If it is only the private claimant who requests a written judgment stating the grounds or who appeals, the court shall provide a statement of grounds only to the extent that this relates to the criminal conduct to the prejudice of the private claimant and to his or her civil claims. In the appellate proceedings, the court may refer to the grounds stated by the lower court in its appraisal of the factual and the legal issues in the case. Amended by No I of the FA of 17 June 2022, in force since 1 Jan. 2024  (AS 2023 468; BBl 2019 6697). SR 311.0Art. 83 Explanation and correction of decisions If the conclusions to the decision are unclear, contradictory or incomplete, or if they are inconsistent with the grounds, the criminal justice authority that made the decision shall explain or correct the decision on the application of a party or on its own initiative. The application must be submitted in writing, indicating the matters that are contested or the amendment that are requested. The criminal justice authority shall allow the other parties the opportunity to comment on the application. Notice of the explanation for or corrections to the decision shall be given to the parties.Section 6 Notice and Service of DecisionsArt. 84 Notice of decisions If the proceedings are public, the court shall give notice of the judgment orally on conclusion of its deliberations and state the grounds in brief. The court shall provide the parties with a written copy of the conclusions at the end of the trial or serve it on the parties within 5 days. If the court is unable to issue the judgment immediately, it shall do so as soon as possible and give notice of the judgment in rearranged hearing. If in such an event the parties waive their right to have the judgment issued publicly, the court shall serve the conclusions of the judgment on them immediately after it has been reached. If the court has to state grounds for the judgment, it shall serve the judgment with a full statement of grounds on the accused and the public prosecutor within 60 days, or by way of exception 90 days. The other parties shall be served only with those parts of the judgment in which their applications are mentioned. The criminal justice authority shall give notice of simple decrees or rulings directing proceedings to the parties in writing or orally. Notice of decisions shall be given to other authorities in accordance with federal and cantonal law, notice of appeal decisions shall also be given to the lower court, and notice of legally binding decisions shall if necessary be given to the authorities responsible for the execution of sentences and measures and to the authorities responsible for the register of convictions.Art. 85 Form and service of communications The criminal justice authorities shall issue communications in writing, unless this Code provides otherwise. Service shall be effected by registered mail or in any other way provided confirmation of receipt is obtained, and in particular by personal service by the police It is effected if the delivery is accepted by addressee or by an employee thereof or a person living in the same household who is at least 16 years old, unless the law enforcement authority has instructed that delivery be made to the addressee in person. It is also deemed to be effected:a. in the case of a delivery by registered mail that is not collected: on the seventh day following the unsuccessful attempt at service, provided the person is expecting the delivery;b. in the case of personal service, if the addressee refuses to accept service and this is recorded by the messenger: on the day of refusal.Art. 86 Electronic service With the consent of the person concerned, communications may be served electronically. They must bear an electronic signature in accordance with the Federal Act of 18 March 2016 on Electronic Signatures. The Federal Council shall regulate:a. the signature to be used;b. the format for communications and their attachments;c. the method of transmission;d. the point in time at which the communication is deemed to have been served. Amended by Annex No II 7 of the FA of 18 March 2016 on Electronic Signatures, in force since 1 Jan. 2017 (AS 2016 4651; BBl 2014 1001). SR 943.03Art. 87 Address for service Communications must be served on addressees at their domicile, their habitual place of residence or their registered office. Parties and legal agents whose domicile, habitual place of residence or registered office is abroad must provide an address for service in Switzerland; provisions of international agreements under which communications may be served directly are reserved. Communications address to parties who have appointed a legal agent are validly served if sent to the agent. Where a party is required to appear personally at a hearing or must personally carry out a procedural act, the related communication shall be served directly on that party. A copy shall be sent to the legal agent.Art. 88 Public notice Service shall be effected by publication in an official gazette designated by the Confederation or the canton where:a. the whereabouts of the addressee are unknown and cannot be ascertained despite making reasonable enquiries;b. service is impossible or would lead to exceptional inconvenience;c. a party or his or her legal agent with domicile, habitual residence or registered office abroad has failed to provide an address for service in Switzerland. Service is deemed to be effected on the day of publication. In the case of final judgments, only the conclusions of the judgment shall be published. Decisions to take no proceedings and summary penalty orders are deemed to be served without publication being required.Section 7 Time Limits and DeadlinesArt. 89 General Provisions Statutory time limits may not be extended. There are no court holidays in criminal proceedings.Art. 90 Commencement and calculation of time limits Time limits that are triggered by a communication or the occurrence of an event begin to run from the following day. If the time limit is due to expire on a Saturday, a Sunday or a public holiday recognised under federal or cantonal law, it shall expire on the next working day. The matter shall be determined by the law of the canton in which the party or his or her legal agent is resident or has its registered office. Amended by Annex No II 7 of the Criminal Justice Authorities Act of 19 March 2010, in force since 1 Jan. 2011 (AS 2010 3267; BBl 2008 8125).Art. 91 Compliance with time limits The time limit is complied with if the procedural act is carried out to the satisfaction of the competent authority on the day of expiry at the latest. Submissions must be delivered on the day of expiry of the time limit at the latest to the criminal justice authority or handed for delivery to SwissPost, a Swiss diplomatic or consular representation or, in the case of persons in custody, the governor of the institution. In case of electronic submission, the relevant time for compliance with a time limit is that at which the receipt is issued that confirms that all the steps have been completed that the party must carry out for transmission. The time limit is also deemed to be complied with if the submission is received by a Swiss authority not competent in the matter on the day of expiry at the latest. This authority shall pass the submission on immediately to the competent criminal justice authority. The time limit for making a payment to a criminal justice authority is complied with if the amount due is handed to SwissPost or is debited from a postal or bank account in Switzerland in favour of the criminal justice authority on the day of expiry at the latest. Amended by Annex No II 7 of the FA of 18 March 2016 on Electronic Signatures, in force since 1 Jan. 2017 (AS 2016 4651; BBl 2014 1001).Art. 92 Extension of time limits and postponement of hearingsThe authorities may extend time limits and postpone hearings ex officio or in response to an application. The application must be made before the expiry of the time limit and be adequately justified.Art. 93 DefaultA party is in default if he or she fails to carry out a procedural act in time or fails to appear for a hearing.Art. 94 New time limit Where a party has failed to comply with a time limit and has thus incurred a significant and irremediable loss of rights, he or she may request that a new time limit be fixed; in doing so he or she must credibly show that he or she was not at fault for the failure to comply with the time limit. The application must be made in writing with a statement of reasons and submitted within 30 days of the reason for default ceasing to apply to the authority before which the relevant procedural act should have been carried out. The relevant procedural act must be carried out within the same time limit. The application only has suspensive effect if the competent authority grants the same. The criminal justice authority shall decide on the application in written proceedings. Paragraphs 1–4 apply mutatis mutandis in the event of failure to attend a hearing. If a new hearing is granted, the director of proceedings shall fix a new date. The provisions on proceedings in absentia are reserved.Section 8 Data ProcessingArt. 95 Obtaining personal data Personal data must be obtained from the person concerned or with that person's knowledge unless the proceedings would be otherwise be prejudiced or unreasonable inconvenience or expense would be incurred. If personal data is obtained without the knowledge of the person concerned, that person must be notified thereof immediately. Where overriding public or private interests so require, notification may be dispensed with or postponed.Art. 95a Processing of personal dataWhen processing personal data, the competent criminal justice authorities shall ensure that they make a distinction, as far as possible:a. between the different categories of data subjects;b. between personal data based on facts and personal data based on personal assessments. Inserted by No II 3 of the FA of 28 Sept. 2018 on the implementation of Directive (EU) 2016/680 on the protection of natural persons with regard to the processing of personal data by competent authorities for the purposes of the prevention, investigation, detection or prosecution of criminal offences or the execution of criminal penalties, in force since 1 March 2019 (AS 2019 625; BBl 2017 6941).Art. 96 Disclosure and use in pending criminal proceedings The criminal justice authority may disclose personal data from pending proceedings for use in other pending proceedings if it is anticipated that the data may provide essential information. The foregoing paragraph does not apply to:a. articles 14 and 20 of the Federal Act of 21 March 1997 on Measures to Safeguard Internal Security;a. articles 19 and 20 of the Intelligence Service Act of 25 September 2015;b. the regulations of the Federal Act of 13 June 2008 on the Federal Police Information Systems;c. the regulations of the Federal Act of 7 October 1994 on the Central Offices of the Federal Criminal Police. Amended by No I of the FA of 17 June 2022, in force since 1 Jan. 2024  (AS 2023 468; BBl 2019 6697). SR 120 Inserted by No I of the FA of 17 June 2022, in force since 1 Jan. 2024  (AS 2023 468; BBl 2019 6697). SR 121 SR 361 SR 360 Amended by Annex 2 No I 1 let. a of the FA of 13 June 2008 on the Federal Police Information Systems, in force since 1 Jan. 2011 (AS 2008 4989; BBl 2006 5061).Art. 97 Rights to information in the case of pending proceedingsAs long as proceedings are pending, the parties and the other participants in the proceedings have, in accordance with their right to inspect case documents, the right to information on personal data relating to them that has been processed.Art. 98 Correction of data Where personal data proves to be incorrect, the relevant criminal justice authorities shall correct it immediately. They shall immediately notify authorities to which they have transmitted, made available or disclosed the data of the corrections. Amended by No II 3 of the FA of 28 Sept. 2018 on the implementation of Directive (EU) 2016/680 on the protection of natural persons with regard to the processing of personal data by competent authorities for the purposes of the prevention, investigation, detection or prosecution of criminal offences or the execution of criminal penalties, in force since 1 March 2019 (AS 2019 625; BBl 2017 6941).Art. 99 Processing and retention of personal data after conclusion of the proceedings After conclusion of the proceedings, the processing of personal data, procedures and legal protection are governed by the provisions of federal and cantonal data protection law. The period of retention of personal data after conclusion of proceedings is governed by Article 103. The provisions of the Federal Act of 7 October 1994 on the Central Offices of the Federal Criminal Police, the Federal Act of 13 June 2008 on the Federal Police Information Systems and the provisions of this Code on identifying documents and DNA profiles are reserved. SR 360 SR 361 Amended by Annex 2 No I 1 let. a of the FA of 13 June 2008 on the Federal Police Information Systems, in force since 1 Jan. 2011 (AS 2008 4989; BBl 2006 5061).Section 9 Management, Inspection and Retention of Case FilesArt. 100 File management A case file shall be opened for each criminal case. This file shall contain:a. the records of proceedings and examination hearings;b. the documents complied by the criminal justice authority;c. the documents submitted by the parties. The director of proceedings shall ensure the systematic filing of documents and sequential indexing; in simple cases, an index is not required.Art. 101 Inspection of case documents in pending proceedings The parties may inspect the documents relating to the criminal proceedings at the latest following the first interview with the accused and the gathering of the other most important evidence by the public prosecutor; Article 108 is reserved. Other authorities may inspect the case documents if they need to do so for the purposes of pending civil, criminal or administrative proceedings and inspection is not contrary to any overriding public or private interests. Third parties may inspect the case documents if they claim to have an academic or other legitimate interest in doing so and inspection is not contrary to any overriding public or private interests.Art. 102 Procedure relating to applications to inspect case documents The director of proceedings decides on whether case documents may be inspected. He or she shall take the measures required to prevent abuses and delays and to protect legitimate interests in confidentiality. The case documents must be inspected at the offices of the relevant criminal justice authority or those of another criminal justice authority in mutual assistance proceedings. Normally they shall be delivered to other authorities or the legal agents for the parties. Any person who is entitled to inspect case documents may request copies thereof for a fee.Art. 103 Retention of case documents The case documents must be preserved at least until conclusion of the time limits for prosecution and for the execution of the sentence have expired. The foregoing paragraph does not apply to original documents included in the case file; they must be returned to the persons entitled thereto against written acknowledgement of receipt as soon as the criminal case has been decided by a final judgment.Title 3 Parties and Other Persons involved in the ProceedingsChapter 1 General ProvisionsSection 1 Definition and StatusArt. 104 Parties Parties are:a. the accused;b. the private claimant;c. at the trial and in appellate proceedings: the public prosecutor. The Confederation and the cantons may grant full or limited party rights to other authorities that are required to safeguard public interests.Art. 105 Other persons involved in the proceedings Other persons involved in the proceedings are:a. persons suffering harm;b. the person who has reported the offence;c. witnesses;d. persons providing information;e. expert witnesses;f. third parties who have suffered detriment due to procedural acts. If the rights of persons involved in the proceedings named in paragraph 1 are directly affected, they shall, in order to safeguard their interests, be entitled to the procedural rights of a party.Art. 106 Capacity to act The party may validly carry out procedural acts only if he or she has the capacity to act. A person lacking the capacity to act shall be represented by his or her statutory representative. A person with capacity of judgement who lacks the capacity to act may, in addition to his or her legal agent, exercise procedural rights that are of a highly personal nature.Art. 107 Right to a fair hearing The parties have the right to a fair hearing; in particular, they have the right:a. to inspect case documents;b. to participate in procedural actsc. to appoint a legal agent;d. to comment on the case and on the proceedings;e. to request that further evidence be taken. The criminal justice authorities shall notify parties who are unaware of the law of their rights.Art. 108 Restriction of the right to a fair hearing The criminal justice authorities may restrict the right to a fair hearing if:a. there is justified suspicion that a party is abusing his or her rights;b. this is required for the safety of persons or to safeguard public or private interests in preserving confidentiality. Restrictions in relation to legal agents are only permitted if the legal agent gives personal cause for imposing a restriction. Restrictions must be limited in time or to individual procedural acts. If the reason for imposing the restriction continues to apply, the criminal justice authorities may base their decisions on files that have not been disclosed to a party only if that party has been informed of the essential content thereof. If the reason for the restriction has ceased to apply, the right to a fair hearing must be granted in a suitable form retrospectively.Section 2 Procedural Acts by the PartiesArt. 109 Submissions The parties may make submissions to the director of proceedings at any time, subject to the specific provisions thereon in this Code. The director of proceedings shall examine the submissions and give the other parties the opportunity to comment.Art. 110 Form Submissions may be made in writing or orally on record. Written submissions must be dated and signed. In the case of electronic submission, the submission and its enclosures must bear a qualified electronic signature in accordance with the Federal Act of 18 March 2016 on Electronic Signatures. The Federal Council shall regulate:a. the format for submissions and their attachments;b. the method of transmission;c. the requirements for requesting the submission of documents in paper form in the event of technical problems. Procedural acts are not otherwise subject to any formal requirements unless this Code provides otherwise. The director of proceedings may reject illegible, incomprehensible, improper or incoherent submissions; they shall fix a deadline for the revision of the submission and give notice that the submission if not revised, will not be considered. SR 943.03 Amended by Annex No II 7 of the FA of 18 March 2016 on Electronic Signatures, in force since 1 Jan. 2017 (AS 2016 4651; BBl 2014 1001).Chapter 2 The AccusedArt. 111 Definition For the purposes of this Code, the accused is a person suspected, accused of or charged with an offence in a report of a criminal offence, a criminal complaint or in a procedural act carried out by a criminal justice authority. The rights and the obligations of an accused also apply to persons in respect of whom it is intended to bring new proceedings following abandonment or a judgment in accordance with Article 323 or Articles 410–415.Art. 112 Criminal proceedings against corporate undertakings In criminal proceedings against a corporate undertaking, the undertaking shall be represented by a single person who has unlimited authority to represent the undertaking in private law matters. If the undertaking fails to appoint such a representative within a reasonable time, the director of proceedings shall decide which of the persons authorised to represent the undertaking in private law matters will represent the undertaking in the criminal proceedings. If a criminal investigation is opened against the person representing the undertaking in the criminal proceedings in respect of the same or related circumstances, the undertaking must appoint another representative. If necessary, the director of proceedings shall appoint another person to represent the undertaking in accordance with paragraph 2, or if no one is available, a suitable third party. If proceedings are brought against a natural person and an undertaking in respect of the same or related circumstances, the two proceedings may be combined.Art. 113 Status The accused may not be compelled to incriminate him or herself. In particular, the accused is entitled to refuse to make a statement or to cooperate in the criminal proceedings. He or she must however submit to the compulsory measures provided for by the law. The proceedings continue irrespective of whether the accused cooperates.Art. 114 Fitness to plead An accused is fit to plead if he or she is physically and mentally capable of understanding the proceedings. In the event of temporary unfitness to plead, procedural acts that cannot be delayed shall be carried out in the presence of the defence. If the accused remains unfit to plead, the criminal proceedings shall be suspended or abandoned. The special provisions on proceedings against an accused who is not legally responsible due to a mental disorder are reserved.Chapter 3 Persons suffering Harm, Victims and Private ClaimantsSection 1 Persons suffering HarmArt. 115 A person suffering harm is a person whose rights have been directly violated by the offence. A person entitled to file a criminal complaint is deemed in every case to be a person suffering harm.Section 2 VictimsArt. 116 Definitions A victim is a person suffering harm whose physical, sexual or mental integrity has been directly and adversely affected by the offence. Relatives of the victim are his or her spouse, children and parents, and persons closely related to him or her in a similar way.Art. 117 Status Victims have special rights, in particular:a. the right to protection of personal privacy (Art. 70 para. 1 let. a, 74 para. 4, 152 para. 1);b. the right to be accompanied by a confidant (Art. 70 para. 2, 152 para. 2);c. the right to protective measures (Art. 152–154);d. the right to remain silent (Art. 169 para. 4);e. the right to information (Art. 305 and 330 para. 3);f. the right to a special composition of the court (Art. 335 para. 4);g. the right to receive the decision or the summary penalty order in case in which they are the victim from the court or from the public prosecutor free of charge, unless they expressly waive this right. In the case of victims under the age of 18, additional special provisions protecting personal privacy apply, in particular relating to:a. restrictions on confrontation hearings with the accused (Art. 154 para. 4);b. special protective measures during examination hearings (Art. 154 para. 2–4);c. abandonment of the proceedings (Art. 319 para. 2). If relatives of a victim file civil claims, they are entitled to the same rights as the victim. Inserted by No I of the FA of 17 June 2022, in force since 1 Jan. 2024  (AS 2023 468; BBl 2019 6697).Section 3 Private ClaimantsArt. 118 Definition and requirements A private claimant is a person suffering harm who expressly declares that he or she wishes to participate in the criminal proceedings as a criminal or civil claimant. The filing of a criminal complaint is regarded as being equivalent to such a declaration. The declaration must be made to a criminal justice authority by the end of the preliminary proceedings at the latest. If a person suffering harm has not made a declaration of his or her own volition, so the public prosecutor shall advise the person of this possibility after opening the preliminary proceedings.Art. 119 Form and content of the declaration A person suffering harm may submit a written declaration in writing or make the declaration orally on record. In the declaration the person suffering harm may do either or both of the following:a. request the prosecution and punishment of the person responsible for the offence (a criminal complaint);b. file private law claims based on the offence (a civil claim).Art. 120 Waiver and withdrawal The person suffering harm may at any time declare either in writing or orally on record that he or she waives his or her rights. The waiver is final. Unless the waiver is expressly limited, it shall be deemed to cover both the criminal and the civil proceedings.Art. 121 Legal successors If the person suffering harm dies without waiving his or her procedural rights as a private claimant, such rights pass to his or her relatives as defined in Article 110 paragraph 1 SCC in accordance with their ranking under the law of succession. Any person who by law acquires the rights as a claimant of a person suffering harm does so only in respect of the civil claim and has only those procedural rights that relate directly to the assertion of the civil claim. SR 311.0Section 4 Civil ClaimsArt. 122 General Provisions The person suffering harm may bring civil claims based on the offence as a private claimant in the criminal proceedings. The relatives of the victim have the same right provided they bring their own civil claims against the accused. The civil proceedings become pending when a declaration in accordance with Article 119 paragraph 2 letter b is made. If a private claimant withdraws the civil claim before the end of the trial before the court of first instance, they may file the claim again in civil proceedings.Art. 123 Quantification and statement of the grounds The civil claim must if possible be quantified in the declaration made in accordance with Article 119 and a brief statement of the grounds must be provided, detailing the relevant evidence. The quantification and statement of the grounds must be provided within the period stipulated by the director of proceedings in accordance with Article 331 paragraph 2. Amended by No I of the FA of 17 June 2022, in force since 1 Jan. 2024  (AS 2023 468; BBl 2019 6697).Art. 124 Jurisdiction and procedure The court hearing the criminal case shall judge the civil claim regardless of the amount involved. The accused shall be given the opportunity to respond to the civil claim in the main proceedings before the court of first instance at the latest. If the accused accepts the civil claim, this shall be placed on record and recorded in the decision concluding the proceedings.Art. 125 Security for the claims against the private claimant A private claimant, with the exception of the victim, must on application by the accused lodge security in respect of the accused's probable costs arising from the civil claim if:a. he or she is not domiciled or has no registered office in Switzerland;b. he or she appears to be insolvent, in particular if bankruptcy proceedings have been opened or composition proceedings are ongoing or if certificates of loss have been issued;c. for other reasons, there is reason to fear that the accused's claim could be seriously jeopardised or frustrated. The director of proceedings for the court shall decide on the application. He or she shall determine the amount of security and fix a time limit for its payment. The security may be paid in cash or take the form of a guarantee from a bank permanently established in Switzerland. It may be retrospectively increased, reduced or revoked. Amended by No I of the FA of 17 June 2022, in force since 1 Jan. 2024  (AS 2023 468; BBl 2019 6697).Art. 126 Decision The court decides on pending civil claims in the event that it:a. convicts the accused;b. acquits the accused and the court is in a position to make a decision. The civil claim shall be referred for civil proceedings if:a. the criminal proceedings are abandoned;a. it cannot be settled under the summary penalty order procedure;a. the criminal proceedings are abandoned or concluded by means of the summary penalty order procedure;b. the private claimant has failed to justify or quantify the claim sufficiently;c. the private claimant has failed to lodge security in respect of the claim;d. the accused has been acquitted but the court is not in a position to make a decision. If a full assessment of the civil claim would cause unreasonable expense and inconvenience, the court may make a decision in principle on the civil claim and refer it for civil proceedings. If possible, the court shall rule on minor claims itself. In cases involving the victim, the court may firstly decide solely on guilt and the penalty; thereafter the director of proceedings shall, following a further hearing of the parties, rule as a judge sitting alone on the civil claim, irrespective of its amount. Amended by No I of the FA of 17 June 2022, in force since 1 Jan. 2024  (AS 2023 468; BBl 2019 6697). Inserted by No I of the FA of 17 June 2022, in force since 1 Jan. 2024  (AS 2023 468; BBl 2019 6697).Chapter 4 Legal AgentsSection 1 PrinciplesArt. 127 The accused, the private claimant and the other persons involved in the proceedings may appoint a legal agent to safeguard their interests. The parties may appoint two or more persons as legal agent provided this does not unreasonably delay the proceedings. In such a case, they must designate one agent as the principal agent, who is authorised to carry out acts of representation before the criminal justice authorities and whose domicile is deemed to be the sole address for service. The legal agent may act for two or more persons involved in the proceedings, subject to the restrictions laid down by law and in their professional code of practice. The parties may appoint any person who has the capacity to act, is of unblemished reputation and is trustworthy; the restrictions of the law governing the legal profession are reserved.  The defence of the accused is reserved to lawyers who are authorised under the Lawyers Act of 23 June 2000 to represent parties in court; the foregoing is subject to derogating cantonal provisions on the defence in proceedings relating to contraventions. SR 935.61Section 2 Defence LawyersArt. 128 StatusA defence lawyer is obliged to act solely in the interests the accused, subject to the restrictions laid down by law and in the professional code of practice.Art. 129 Right to choose a defence lawyer The accused is entitled, in any criminal proceedings and at any stage of the proceedings either to instruct a legal agent as defined in Article 127 paragraph 5 to conduct his or her defence (right to choose a defence lawyer) or, subject to Article 130, to conduct his or her own defence. The accused shall exercise his or her right to choose a defence lawyer by executing a written power of attorney or making a declaration on record.Art. 130 Mandatory appointment of a defence lawyerA defence lawyer must be appointed to represent the accused if:a. the period on remand including the period when under arrest has exceeded 10 days;b. the offence concerned carries a custodial sentence of more than one year or a custodial measure or may result in expulsion from Switzerland;c. the accused is unable to safeguard his or her interests in the proceedings adequately due to his or her physical or mental condition or for other reasons, and his or her statutory representative is unable to do so either;d. the prosecuting lawyer is appearing in person before the court of first instance or the court of appeal;e. accelerated proceedings (Art. 358–362) are being conducted.  Amended by Annex No 5 of the FA of 20 March 2015 (Implementation of Art. 121  para. 3–6 Federal Constitution on the expulsion of foreign nationals convicted of certain criminal offences), in force since 1 Oct. 2016 (AS 2016 2329; BBl 2013 5975).Art. 131 Ensuring the mandatory appointment of the defence lawyer Where the mandatory appointment of a defence lawyer is required, the director of proceedings shall ensure that a defence lawyer is appointed immediately. If the requirements for the mandatory appointment of a defence lawyer are met on instigation of the preliminary proceedings, the defence lawyer must be appointed before the first examination by the public prosecutor or by the police on behalf of the public prosecutor. In cases where the mandatory appointment of a defence lawyer is clearly required but evidence is obtained before a defence lawyer is appointed, the evidence obtained is only admissible if the accused waives the right to have the evidence taken again. Amended by No I of the FA of 17 June 2022, in force since 1 Jan. 2024  (AS 2023 468; BBl 2019 6697). Amended by No I of the FA of 17 June 2022, in force since 1 Jan. 2024  (AS 2023 468; BBl 2019 6697).Art. 132 Duty defence lawyer The director of proceedings shall appoint a duty defence lawyer if:a. in the event of the mandatory appointment of a defence lawyer:1. the accused, despite being requested to do so by the director of proceedings, fails to appoint a defence lawyer of choice, or2. the defence lawyer of choice has been dismissed or has resigned and the accused fails to appoint a new defence lawyer of choice within the time limit set;b. the accused lacks the necessary financial means and requires a defence lawyer to safeguard of his or her interests. A defence lawyer is required to safeguard the interests of the accused in particular if the matter is not a minor case and the case involves factual or legal issues that the accused is not qualified to deal with alone. A case is no longer regarded as minor if it is probable that a custodial sentence of more than 4 months or a monetary penalty of more than 120 daily penalty units may be imposed on conviction. Amended by Annex No 3 of the FA of 19 June 2015 (Amendments to the Law of Criminal Sanctions), in force since 1 Jan. 2018 (AS 2016 1249; BBl 2012 4721).Art. 133 Appointment of the duty defence lawyer The duty defence lawyer is appointed by the person acting as director of proceedings at the relevant stage of the proceedings. The Confederation and cantons may delegate the choice of the duty defence lawyer to another authority or to a third party. In choosing the duty defence lawyer, the lawyer’s suitability and if possible the wishes of the accused shall be taken into account. Inserted by No I of the FA of 17 June 2022, in force since 1 Jan. 2024  (AS 2023 468; BBl 2019 6697). Amended by No I of the FA of 17 June 2022, in force since 1 Jan. 2024  (AS 2023 468; BBl 2019 6697).Art. 134 Dismissal and change of duty defence lawyer If there is no longer any reason to have a duty defence lawyer, the director of proceedings shall dismiss the lawyer. If the mutual trust between the accused and his or her duty defence lawyer is seriously compromised or the provision of an effective defence is no longer guaranteed for other reasons, the director of proceedings shall appoint another person as the duty defence lawyer.Art. 135 Duty defence lawyer's fees The duty defence lawyer shall be paid in accordance with the table of legal fees applicable in the Confederation or in the canton in which the criminal proceedings were conducted. The public prosecutor or the court passing judgment shall determine the fees at the end of the proceedings. If the mandate continues for a long period or if there is another reason why it is not appropriate to wait for the end of the proceedings, the duty defence lawyer may receive advance payments in amounts fixed by the director of proceedings. The duty defence lawyer may contest the decision on fees using the appellate remedy that is admissible against the final decision. If the accused is ordered to pay procedural costs, he or she must repay the fees to the Confederation or the canton, as soon as his or her financial circumstances permit. The rights of the Confederation or of the canton are subject to a time limit of 10 years from the time when the decision becomes legally binding. Amended by No I of the FA of 17 June 2022, in force since 1 Jan. 2024  (AS 2023 468; BBl 2019 6697). Amended by No I of the FA of 17 June 2022, in force since 1 Jan. 2024  (AS 2023 468; BBl 2019 6697). Amended by No I of the FA of 17 June 2022, in force since 1 Jan. 2024  (AS 2023 468; BBl 2019 6697).Section 3 Legal Aid for the Private Claimant and the Victim Amended by No I of the FA of 17 June 2022, in force since 1 Jan. 2024  (AS 2023 468; BBl 2019 6697).Art. 136 Requirements The director of proceedings shall on request grant full or partial legal aid:a. to the private claimants to assert their civil claims if they do not have the required financial resources and the civil proceedings do not appear to be without any prospect of success;b. to the victim to assert his or her criminal complaint if he or she does not have the required financial resources and the criminal complaint does not appear to be without any prospect of success. Legal aid includes:a. relief from the requirement to make an advance payment or to provide security in respect of costs;b. relief from the requirement to pay procedural costs;c. the appointment of a legal representative if this is necessary to safeguard the rights of the private claimants or the victim. A new application must be made for legal aid in appeal proceedings. Amended by No I of the FA of 17 June 2022, in force since 1 Jan. 2024  (AS 2023 468; BBl 2019 6697). Amended by No I of the FA of 17 June 2022, in force since 1 Jan. 2024  (AS 2023 468; BBl 2019 6697). Inserted by No I of the FA of 17 June 2022, in force since 1 Jan. 2024  (AS 2023 468; BBl 2019 6697).Art. 137 Appointment, dismissal and changeThe appointment, dismissal and change of the legal representative are governed by Articles 133 and 134 mutatis mutandis.Art. 138 Fees and allocation of costs The legal representative's fees are governed by Article 135 mutatis mutandis; the final judgment on who must pay the costs of the legal representative and of any procedural acts in respect of which relief has been granted from making an advance payment to cover costs remains reserved. The victim and his or her relatives are not subject to any obligation to repay the costs of legal aid. If the private claimants are awarded procedural and legal costs to be paid by the accused, the portion of these costs covered by legal aid must be refunded to the Confederation or to the canton. Inserted by No I of the FA of 17 June 2022, in force since 1 Jan. 2024  (AS 2023 468; BBl 2019 6697).Title 4 EvidenceChapter 1 General ProvisionsSection 1 Taking Evidence and Admissibility of EvidenceArt. 139 Principles In order to establish the truth, the criminal justice authorities shall use all the legally admissible evidence that is relevant in accordance with the latest scientific findings and experience. No evidence shall be led on matters that are irrelevant, obvious, known to the criminal justice authority or already adequately proven in law.Art. 140 Prohibited methods of taking evidence The use of coercion, violence, threats, promises, deception and methods that may compromise the ability of the person concerned to think or decide freely are prohibited when taking evidence. Such methods remain unlawful even if the person concerned consents to their use.Art. 141 Admissibility of unlawfully obtained evidence Evidence obtained in violation of Article 140 is not admissible under any circumstances. The foregoing also applies where this Code declares evidence to be inadmissible. Evidence that criminal justice authorities have obtained by criminal methods or by violating regulations on admissibility is inadmissible unless it is essential that it be admitted in order to secure a conviction for a serious offence. Evidence that has been obtained in violation of administrative regulations is admissible. Where evidence that is inadmissible under paragraph 1or 2 has made it possible to obtain additional evidence, such evidence is only admissible if it would have been possible to obtain it even if the previous evidence not been obtained. Records relating to inadmissible evidence shall be removed from the case documents, held in safekeeping until a final judgment has concluded the proceedings, and then destroyed. Amended by No I of the FA of 17 June 2022, in force since 1 Jan. 2024  (AS 2023 468; BBl 2019 6697).Section 2 Examination HearingsArt. 142 Criminal justice authority conducting the examination hearing Examination hearings are conducted by the public prosecutor, the authorities responsible for prosecuting contraventions and the courts. The Confederation and the cantons shall decide on the extent to which the employees of these authorities are permitted to conduct examination hearings. The police may question accused persons and persons providing information. The Confederation and the cantons may determine which police officers may question witnesses on behalf of the public prosecutor.Art. 143 Conduct of the examination hearing At the start of the examination hearing, the person being questioned shall, in a language they can understand:a. be asked for his or her personal details;b. be advised of the subject matter of the criminal proceedings and of the capacity in which he or she is being interviewed;c. be informed in full of his or her rights and obligations. A note must be made in the record that the provisions of paragraph 1 have been complied with. The criminal justice authority may make further enquiries in relation to the identity of the person being questioned. It shall invite the person being questioned to comment on the subject matter of the examination hearing. It shall endeavour by means of clearly formulated questions and contentions to obtain comprehensive statements and to clarify any contradictions. The person being questioned shall make his or her statement on the basis of his or her recollections. He or she may make use of written documents with the consent of the director of proceedings; these documents shall be added to the case documents on conclusion of the examination hearing. Persons with speech or hearing difficulties shall be questioned in writing or with the assistance of a suitably qualified person.Art. 144 Examination hearing by video conference The public prosecutor and the courts may conduct an examination hearing by video conference if a personal appearance by the person being questioned is not possible or is only possible with unreasonable trouble and expense. An audio and video recording shall be made of the examination hearing.Art. 145 Written reportsThe criminal justice authority may invite a person being questioned to provide a written report instead of or in addition to holding an examination hearing.Art. 146 Examination of two or more persons and confrontation hearings The persons being questioned shall be questioned separately. The criminal justice authorities may arrange for persons, including those who have the right to refuse to give evidence, to confront each other. The special rights of the victim are reserved. They may require persons who have been questioned who will probably be required to confront other persons after the conclusion of the examination hearing to remain at the place of the proceedings until the confrontation hearing is held. The director of proceedings may temporarily exclude a person from the hearing if:a. there is a conflict of interest; orb. the person must still be questioned in the proceedings as a witness, a person providing information or as an expert witness.Section 3 Rights to Participate in the Taking of EvidenceArt. 147 General provisions Parties have the right to be present when the public prosecutor and the courts are taking evidence and to put questions to persons who have been questioned. The presence of the defence lawyer at examination hearings conducted by the police is governed by Article 159. Persons exercising a right to participate do not have the right to request that the taking of evidence be postponed. A party or his or her legal agent may request that evidence be taken again if the legal agent or the party without a legal agent is prevented from participating for good cause. Evidence need not be taken again if it would involve unreasonable trouble and expense and the right of the party to a fair hearing, and in particular the right to ask questions, can be taken into account in another way. Evidence obtained in violation of this Article is inadmissible against a party who was not present when it was taken.Art. 148 In mutual assistance proceedings If evidence is taken abroad in execution of a request for mutual assistance, the right of the parties to participate is satisfied if they:a. are permitted to submit questions to be asked by the requested foreign authority;b. are permitted to inspect the record once the request for mutual assistance has been executed; andc. are permitted to submit written supplementary questions. Article 147 paragraph 4 applies.Section 4 Protective MeasuresArt. 149 General provisions If there are grounds to assume that a witness, a person providing information, an accused person, an expert witness or a translator or interpreter, or a person related to him or her in terms of Article 168 paragraphs 1–3 could be exposed to a serious danger to life and limb or any other serious prejudice by participating in the proceedings, the director of proceedings shall take the appropriate protective measures in response to an application or ex officio. The director of proceedings may also suitably restrict the procedural rights of the parties, in particular by:a. ensuring anonymity;b. conducting examination hearings while excluding parties or the public;c. establishing personal details while excluding parties or the public;d. modifying the appearance or voice of the person requiring protection or screening the person from the court;e. limiting rights to inspect case documents. The director of proceedings may permit the person requiring protection to be accompanied by a legal agent or a confidant. If a person under the age of 18 is interviewed as a witness or person providing information, the director of proceedings may order further protective measures in accordance with Article 154 paragraphs 2 and 4. The director of proceedings shall ensure in the case of all protective measures that the right of the parties to a fair hearing is respected and in particular that the accused's rights to a proper defence are respected. If the person requiring protection has been assured that his or her anonymity will be preserved, the director of proceedings shall take appropriate measures to prevent any confusion or mistaken identity.Art. 150 Assurance of anonymity The director of proceedings may give an assurance to the person requiring protection that his or her anonymity will be preserved. The public prosecutor shall submit its assurance to the compulsory measures court within 30 days for approval; in doing so, it must specify all the details required to assess the legality of the measure. ... If the compulsory measures court declines to approve the measure, any evidence already obtained subject to the assurance of anonymity shall be inadmissible. An assurance of anonymity that has been approved or granted is binding on all criminal justice authorities involved in the case. The person requiring protection may waive the requirement of anonymity at any time. The public prosecutor and the director of proceedings in the court shall revoke the assurance if there is clearly no longer a need for protection. Second sentence repealed by No I of the FA of 17 June 2022, with effect from  1 Jan. 2024 (AS 2023 468; BBl 2019 6697).Art. 151 Measures to protect undercover investigators Undercover investigators who have been given an assurance that their anonymity will be preserved have the following rights:a. to have their true identity withheld throughout the entire proceedings and after their conclusion from everyone other than the judges of the courts hearing the case;b. to have no details as to their true identity recorded in the case documents. The director of proceedings shall take the required protective measures.Art. 152 General measures to protect victims The criminal justice authorities shall safeguard the personal privacy of the victim at every stage of the proceedings. The victim may be accompanied at all procedural hearings by a confidant in addition to his or her legal agent. The criminal justice authorities shall ensure that the victim does not encounter the accused if the victim so requests. In such a case, they shall take account of the accused's right to a fair hearing in some other way. In particular, they may question the victim while applying protective measures in accordance with Article 149 paragraph 2 letters b and d. A confrontation hearing may be ordered if:a. the accused's right to a fair hearing cannot be guaranteed in any other way; orb. the hearing is essential for the purpose of the prosecution.Art. 153 Special measures to protect victims of sexual offences Victims of sexual offences may ask to be questioned by a person of the same sex. A confrontation hearing with the accused may be ordered against the wishes of the victim only if the accused's right to a fair hearing cannot be guaranteed in any other way.Art. 154 Special measures to protect child victims A victim is a child within the meaning of this Article if he or she is under 18 years of age at the time of the examination hearing or confrontation hearing. The first examination hearing with the child must take place as quickly as possible. The authority may exclude the confidant from the proceedings if this person could exert a decisive influence on the child. If it is evident that the examination hearing or the confrontation hearing could be a serious psychological burden for the child, the following rules apply:a. A confrontation hearing with the accused may be ordered only if the child expressly requests the confrontation hearing or the accused's right to a fair hearing cannot be guaranteed in any other way.b. The child may not normally be interviewed more than twice during the entire proceedings.c. A second interview shall take place only if parties were unable to exercise their rights at the first interview or the examination hearing is essential in the interests of the enquiries or of the child. If possible, the child should be questioned by the same person who conducted the first interview.d. Examination hearings shall be conducted in the presence of a specialist by an investigating officer specifically trained for this purpose. Unless a confrontation hearing is held, audio and video recordings shall be made of the examination hearing.e. The parties shall exercise their rights through the person asking the questions.f. The person asking the questions and the specialist shall record their special observations in a report. If it is apparent that the presence of the accused at the examination hearing could cause a serious psychological burden to the child despite protective measures, the accused may be excluded from the examination hearing, provided his or her right to a fair hearing can be guaranteed in a different way. Exclusion does not apply to the defence lawyer; however, suitable protective measures shall be taken to prevent a serious psychological burden to the child. Inserted by No I of the FA of 17 June 2022, in force since 1 Jan. 2024  (AS 2023 468; BBl 2019 6697). Inserted by No I of the FA of 17 June 2022, in force since 1 Jan. 2024  (AS 2023 468; BBl 2019 6697).Art. 155 Measures to protect persons with mental disorders Examination hearings with persons with mental disorders shall be limited to essential matters; additional examination hearings shall be avoided. The director of proceedings may arrange for specialist criminal or social services authorities to conduct the examination hearing or request that family members, other confidants or expert witnesses attend the examination hearing.Art. 156 Measures to protect persons outside the proceedingsThe Confederation and the cantons may take measures to protect persons outside the proceedings.Chapter 2 Examination Hearings with the AccusedArt. 157 Principle The criminal justice authorities may question the accused at any stage of the criminal proceedings in relation to the offences of which he or she is accused. In doing so, they shall give the accused the opportunity to make a comprehensive statement in relation to these offences.Art. 158 Caution administered at the first interview At the start of the first interview, the police or public prosecutor shall advise the accused in a language that he or she understands:a. that preliminary proceedings have been commenced against him or her, and of the offences that are the subject of the proceedings;b. that he or she is entitled to remain silent and may refuse to cooperate in the proceedings;c. that he or she is entitled to appoint a defence lawyer or if appropriate to request the assistance of a duty defence lawyer;d. that he or she may request the assistance of an interpreter. Evidence obtained at an examination hearing conducted without the foregoing caution is inadmissible.Art. 159 Police examination hearings during enquiries In the case of police examination hearings, the accused has the right for his or her defence lawyer to be present and allowed to ask questions. In the case of police examination hearings of a person who has been arrested, the person also is entitled to communicate freely with his or her defence lawyer. The examination hearing may not be postponed to allow time for the foregoing rights to be exercised.Art. 160 Examination hearing with an accused who has admitted the offenceIf the accused has admitted committing the offence, the public prosecutor and court shall assess the credibility of the admission and request the accused to provide more precise details of the circumstances of the offence.Art. 161 Investigation of personal circumstances at the preliminary proceedings stageThe public prosecutor shall question the accused with regard to his or her personal circumstances only if it is expected that the accused will be charged or issued with a summary penalty order or if it is essential for other reasons.Chapter 3 WitnessesSection 1 General ProvisionsArt. 162 DefinitionA witness is a person not involved in committing an offence who can make a statement that may assist in the investigation of an offence and who is not a person providing information.Art. 163 Capacity and duty to testify A person has the capacity to testify if he or she is over the age of 15 and has the required mental capacity with regard to the subject matter of the examination hearing. Every person with the capacity to testify is obliged to make a statement and to tell the truth, subject to the provisions on rights to refuse to testify.Art. 164 Enquiries relating to witnesses Enquiries may be made into the previous conduct and the personal circumstances of a witness only if this is relevant to an assessment of his or her credibility. If there are doubts as to the mental capacity of a witness or if there are indications of a mental disorder, the director of proceedings may order an outpatient examination of the witness if this is justified by the importance of the criminal proceedings and of the witnesses testimony.Art. 165 Witness's duty of confidentiality The authority conducting the examination hearing may require a witness subject to advising him or her of the penalties under Article 292 SCC to treat the planned or completed interview and its subject matter as confidential. This obligation shall be made subject to a time limit. The order may be combined with the witness's summons. SR 311.0Art. 166 Interview with the person suffering harm The person suffering harm shall be interviewed as a witness. The right to interview the person suffering harm as a person providing information in accordance with Article 178 is reserved.Art. 167 CompensationA witness is entitled to appropriate compensation for loss of income and expenses.Section 2 Rights to Refuse to TestifyArt. 168 Right to refuse to testify due to a personal relationship The following persons may refuse to testify:a. the accused's spouse or the person who cohabits with the accused;b. anyone who has a child with the accused;c. anyone who is related to the accused in direct line or by marriage;d. the accused's siblings and stepsiblings and the spouse of a sibling or stepsibling;e. the siblings and stepsiblings of the accused's spouse, and the spouse of such a sibling or stepsibling;f. the accused's foster parents, foster children and foster siblings;g. a person appointed to act as guardian or deputy for the accused. The right to refuse to testify under paragraph 1 letters a and f remains valid if the marriage is dissolved or if in the case of a foster family, the foster relationship no longer applies. A registered partnership is deemed equivalent to marriage. The right to refuse to testify ceases to apply if:a. the criminal proceedings concern an offence under Articles 111–113, 122, 124, 140, 184, 185, 187, 189, 190 or 191 SCC; andb. the criminal act was directed at a person to whom the witness in accordance with paragraphs 1–3 is related.Amended by Annex No 2 of the FA of 15 Dec. 2017 (Child Protection), in force since  1 Jan. 2019 (AS 2018 2947; BBl 2015 3431). Art. 4–11 of the Ordinance of 19 Oct. 1977 on the Placement of Children in Foster Care and for Adoption (SR 211.222.338). Amended by No III of the FA of 30 Sept. 2011, in force since 1 July 2012  (AS 2012 2575; BBl 2010 5651 5677). SR 311.0Art. 169 Right to refuse to testify for personal protection or to protect closely related persons A person may the refuse to testify if he or she would incriminate him or herself by testifying such that he or she:a. could be found guilty of an offence;b. could be held liable under the civil law and the interest in protection outweighs the interest in prosecution. The right to refuse to testify also applies if the person by testifying would incriminate a closely related person as defined in Article 168 paragraphs 1–3; Article 168 paragraph 4 remains reserved. A person may refuse to testify if by testifying he or she or a closely related person as defined in Article 168 paragraphs 1–3 would be exposed to a considerable risk to life and limb or other serious detriment that cannot be prevented by taking protective measures. A victim of a sexual offence may in every case refuse to answer questions that relate to his or her private domain.Art. 170 Right to refuse to testify due to official secrecy Public officials as defined in Article 110 paragraph 3 SCC and their auxiliaries as well as members of authorities and their auxiliaries may refuse to testify on secret matters communicated to them in their official capacity or which have come to their knowledge in the exercise of their office or their auxiliary activity. They must testify if they a. are subject to a duty to report; orb. have been given written authorisation to do so by their superior. The superior shall grant authorisation to testify if the interest in establishing the truth outweighs the interest in preserving secrecy. SR 311.0 Amended by Annex 1 No 8 of the Information Security Act of 18 Dec. 2020, in force since 1 Jan. 2023 (AS 2022 232, 750; BBl 2017 2953). Amended by No I of the FA of 17 June 2022, in force since 1 Jan. 2024  (AS 2023 468; BBl 2019 6697).Art. 171 Right to refuse to testify due to professional confidentiality Members of the clergy, lawyers, defence lawyers, notaries, patent attorneys, doctors, dentists, pharmacists, psychologists, nurses, physiotherapists, occupational therapists, midwives, dieticians, optometrists, osteopaths and assistants to such persons may refuse to testify in relation to confidential matters that have been confided to them or come to their knowledge in the course of their professional work. They must testify if they:a. are subject to a duty to report; orb. are relieved of their duty of confidentiality in terms of Article 321 number 2 SCC by the person to whom the confidential information pertains or through the written consent of the competent authority.  The criminal justice authority shall also respect professional confidentiality in cases where the person entrusted with confidential information is relieved of the duty of confidentiality but he or she establishes that the interest of the person to whom the confidential information pertains outweighs the interest in establishing the truth. The provisions of the Lawyers Act of 23 June 2000 are reserved. Amended by Annex No 1 of the FA of 16 Dec. 2022 on Promoting Training in the Nursing Profession, in force since 1 July 2024 (AS 2024 212; BBl 2022 1498). SR 311.0 SR 935.61Art. 172 Protection of journalists' sources Persons involved professionally in the publication of information in the editorial section of a medium that appears periodically, together with their auxiliary personnel may refuse to testify as to the identity of the author or as to the content and sources of their information. They must testify if:a. the testimony is required to save a person from immediate danger to life and limb;b. without the testimony one of the following offences will not be solved or a person suspected of committing such an offence may not be apprehended:1. homicide offences in terms of Articles 111–113 SCC,2. felonies carrying a custodial sentence of at least 3 years,3. offences in terms of Articles 187, 189, 190, 191, 197 paragraph 4, 260, 260, 260, 305, 305 and 322–322 SCC,4. offences in terms of Article 19 number 2 of the Narcotics Act of 3 October 1951 (NarcA). SR 311.0 Amended by Annex No II 3 of the FedD of 25 Sept. 2020 on the Approval and Implementation of the Council of Europe Convention on the Prevention of Terrorism and its Additional Protocol and the Strengthening of Criminal Justice Instruments for combating Terrorism and Organised Crime, in force since 1 July 2021 (AS 2021 360; BBl 2018 6427). Amended by No I of the FA of 17 June 2022, in force since 1 Jan. 2024  (AS 2023 468; BBl 2019 6697). SR 812.121Art. 173 Right to refuse to testify due to other duties of confidentiality Any person who is required to preserve professional confidentiality in accordance with any of the following provisions must testify only if the interest in establishing the truth outweighs the interest in preserving confidentiality:a. Article 321 SCC;b. Article 139 paragraph 3 of the Civil Code;c. Article 2 of the Federal Act of 9 October 1981 on Pregnancy Advisory Centres;d. Article 11 of the Victim Support Act of 23 March 2007;e. Article 3c paragraph 4 NarcA;f. ... Persons entrusted with other confidential information protected by law are required to testify. The director of proceedings may relieve them of the duty to testify if they are able to establish that the interest in preserving confidentiality outweighs the interest in establishing the truth. SR 311.0 SR 210. This Art. has now been repealed. SR 857.5 Amended by Annex No II 7 of the Criminal Justice Authorities Act of 19 March 2010, in force since 1 Jan. 2011 (AS 2010 3267; BBl 2008 8125). SR 312.5 Amended by No I of the FA of 17 June 2022, in force since 1 Jan. 2024  (AS 2023 468; BBl 2019 6697). SR 812.121 Inserted by Annex No 2 of the Healthcare Occupations Act of 30 Sept. 2016  (AS 2020 57; BBl 2015 8715). Repealed by Annex No 1 of the FA of 16 Dec. 2022 on Promoting Training in the Nursing Profession, with effect from 1 July 2024  (AS 2024 212; BBl 2022 1498).Art. 174 Decision on permitting a person to refuse to testify The decision on whether to allow a person to refuse to testify is made by:a. the authority conducting the examination hearing in the preliminary proceedings;b. the court after charges have been brought. The witness may request a review by the objections court immediately after receiving notification of the decision. Until the objections court makes its decision, the witness is entitled to refuse to testify.Art. 175 Exercise of the right to refuse to testify The witness may invoke his or her right to refuse to testify at any time or revoke his or her waiver of that right. Statements made by a witness after being cautioned with regard to the right to refuse to testify may be admitted as evidence if the witness subsequently exercises the right to refuse to testify or revokes a waiver of the right to refuse to testify.Art. 176 Unlawful refusal to testify Any person who refuses to testify without having the right to do so may be liable to a fixed penalty fine and may be required to pay the costs and compensation incurred as a result of such refusal. If a person who is obliged to testify insists on refusing to do so, he or she will again be requested to testify and cautioned as to the penalties under Article 292 SCC. In the event of continued refusal, criminal proceedings shall be commenced. SR 311.0Section 3 Examination Hearings with WitnessesArt. 177 The authority conducting the examination hearing shall caution the witness at the beginning of each hearing with regard to the obligations to testify and to tell the truth and advise the witness of the penalties for perjury in terms of Article 307 SCC. If no caution is given, the examination hearing is invalid. The authority conducting the examination hearing shall question each witness at the beginning of the first hearing as to his or her relationship with the parties and as to other circumstances that may be relevant to the witness's credibility. It shall caution the witness as to the rights to refuse to testify as soon as it becomes apparent through questioning or the files that such rights apply. If no caution is given and the witness subsequently exercises the right to refuse to testify, the examination hearing is inadmissible. SR 311.0Chapter 4 Persons providing InformationArt. 178 DefinitionThe following persons may be interviewed as persons providing information:a. a person who has given notice that he or she is a private claimant;b. a person who is under the age of 15 at the time of the examination hearing;c. a person who due to limited mental capacity is not able to understand the subject matter of the examination hearing;d. a person who is not an accused but who cannot be excluded as the perpetrator of or as a participant in the offence under investigation or another related offence;e. a person who is a co-accused who must be interviewed with regard to an offence of which he or she is not personally accused;f. a person who is the accused in other proceedings relating to an offence connected with the offence under investigation;g. a person who has been or could be designated as the representative of a corporate entity in criminal proceedings against that entity, as well as his or her employees.Art. 179 Persons providing information at police examination hearings The police shall question any person who is not a suspect in the capacity of a person providing information. The foregoing is subject to the right to question a person as a witness in accordance with Article 142 paragraph 2.Art. 180 Status Persons providing information in terms of Article 178 letters b–g have the right to remain silent; they are subject to the provisions on examination hearings with the accused, mutatis mutandis. A private claimant (Art. 178 let. a) is obliged to testify before the public prosecutor, before the courts and before the police if they interview the claimant on behalf of the public prosecutor. In addition, the provisions on witnesses apply mutatis mutandis, with exception of Article 176.Art. 181 Examination hearing The criminal justice authorities shall caution persons providing information at the beginning of the examination hearing with regard to their obligation to testify or their right to remain silent or right to refuse to testify. They shall caution persons providing information who are obliged to testify or who declare that they are prepared to testify with regard to the possible penalties for false accusation, of misleading judicial authorities and of assisting offenders.Chapter 5 Authorised ExpertsArt. 182 Requirements for requesting the services of an expert witnessThe public prosecutor and courts shall request the services of one or more expert witnesses if they do not have the specialist knowledge and skills required to determine or assess the facts of the case.Art. 183 Requirements for the expert witness Any natural person with the required specialist knowledge and skills in the relevant field may be appointed as an expert witness. The Confederation and the cantons may provide for the retention of permanent or official expert witnesses for specific fields. Authorised experts are subject to the grounds for recusal in terms of Article 56.Art. 184 Appointment and instructions The director of proceedings shall appoint the expert witness. The director of proceedings shall provide written instructions; these shall contain:a. the personal details of the expert witness;b. if applicable, notice that the expert witness may instruct others to assist in preparing the report subject to his or her supervision;c. the precisely formulated questions;d. the deadline for completing the report;e. reference to the duty of confidentiality that applies to the expert witness and any assistants;f. a reference to the penalties for perjury by an expert witness in terms of Article 307 SCC. The director of proceedings shall give the parties prior opportunity to comment on the expert witness and on the questions and to submit their own applications. The director of proceedings may dispense with this requirement in relation to laboratory tests, in particular where they relate to determining the blood-alcohol concentration or the level of purity of substances, proof of the presence of narcotics in the blood or the preparation of a DNA profile. Together with the instructions, they shall provide the expert witness with the documents and items required to prepare the report. They may revoke their instructions at any time and appoint new expert witnesses if this is in the interests of the criminal case. They may request an estimate of the costs before issuing the instructions. If a private claimant requests an expert report, the director of proceedings may make instructing an expert witness dependent on the private claimant making an advance payment to cover costs. SR 311.0Art. 185 Preparation of the report The expert witness is personally responsible for the expert report. The director of proceedings may request the expert witness to attend procedural hearings and authorise the expert to put questions to the person being questioned. If the expert witness is of the view that documents must be added to the case files, he or she shall make the relevant application to the director of proceedings. The expert witness may conduct simple enquiries that are closely connected to his or her assignment and for this purpose may request persons to cooperate. These persons must comply with the instructions. If they refuse, they may be brought before the expert witness by the police. In relation to enquiries by the expert witness, the accused and, to the extent of their right to refuse to testify, persons who have the right to remain silent or to refuse to testify may refuse to cooperate. The expert witness shall caution the persons concerned with regard to such rights at the start of his or her enquiries.Art. 186 In-patient assessment The public prosecutor or courts may have an accused admitted to hospital if this is required in order to prepare a medical report. The public prosecutor shall apply to the compulsory measures court for the accused to be admitted to hospital unless the accused is already on remand. The compulsory measures court shall decide on the matter in written proceedings. If an in-patient assessment proves necessary during the court proceedings, the court concerned shall decide on the matter in written proceedings. The time spent in hospital shall be taken into account in the sentence. In addition, the in-patient assessment is governed by mutatis mutandis by the regulations on remand and preventive detention. Second sentence amended by No I of the FA of 17 June 2022, in force since 1 Jan. 2024 (AS 2023 468; BBl 2019 6697). Amended by No I of the FA of 17 June 2022, in force since 1 Jan. 2024  (AS 2023 468; BBl 2019 6697).Art. 187 Form of the expert report The expert witness shall prepare an expert report in writing. If additional persons are involved in the preparation of the report, their names and the contribution that they made to the preparation of the report must be specified. The director of proceedings may order the expert report to be given orally or that a written report be explained or added to orally; in such an event, the regulations on witness examination hearings apply.Art. 188 Right of the parties to commentThe director of proceedings shall notify the parties of the content of the written expert report and allow them time in which to comment thereon.Art. 189 Additions and improvements to the reportThe director of proceedings shall ex officio or at the request of a party arrange for the expert report to be added to or improved by the same expert witness or shall appoint additional expert witnesses if:a. the expert report is incomplete or unclear;b. two or more expert witnesses diverge considerably in their conclusions; orc. there are doubts as to the accuracy of the expert report.Art. 190 FeesThe expert witness is entitled to an appropriate fee.Art. 191 Neglect of dutyIf an expert witness fails to fulfil his obligations or does not do so in time, the director of proceedings may:a. impose a fixed penalty fine;b. revoke their instructions without paying the expert a fee for any work carried out.Chapter 6 Material EvidenceArt. 192 Items of evidence The criminal justice authorities shall add all items of evidence in their original form to the case file. Copies shall be made of official documents and other records if this is sufficient for the purposes of the proceedings. If necessary, the copies must be certified. The parties may inspect items of evidence in accordance with the regulations on the inspection of files.Art. 193 Inspection The public prosecutor, the courts and, in minor cases, the police shall make an on-site inspection of all items, locations and processes that are important in assessing the circumstances but which are not immediately available as items of evidence. Every person concerned must tolerate the inspection and allow the participants the required access. If it is necessary to enter houses, dwellings or other premises that are not generally accessible, the authorities shall comply with the regulations applicable to the search of premises. A record shall be made of inspections by means of video or audio recordings, plans, drawings or descriptions, or by some other method. The director of proceedings may order that:a. other procedural acts be relocated to the place where the inspection is being carried out;b. the inspection is combined with a reconstruction of the criminal act or with a confrontation hearing; in such an event, the accused, the witnesses and the persons providing information are obliged to take part, subject to their right to remain silent.Art. 194 Consultation of case files The public prosecutor and the courts shall consult files relating to other proceedings if this is required to prove the circumstances of the case or to assess the guilt of the accused. Administrative and judicial authorities shall make their files available for inspection unless there is an overriding public or private interest in preserving confidentiality. Conflicts between authorities of the same canton shall be decided by the objections court of the canton concerned, and conflicts between authorities of different cantons or between cantonal and federal authorities shall be decided by the Federal Criminal Court.Art. 195 Obtaining reports and information The criminal justice authorities shall obtain official reports and medical certificates relating to matters that may be of significance in the criminal proceedings. In order to establish the personal circumstances of the accused, the public prosecutor and courts information shall obtain information on the accused's criminal record and reputation and other relevant reports from public offices and members of the public.Title 5 Compulsory MeasuresChapter 1 General ProvisionsArt. 196 DefinitionCompulsory measures are procedural acts carried out by the criminal justice authorities that restrict the fundamental rights of the persons concerned and which serve:a. to secure evidence;b. to ensure that persons attend the proceedings;c. to guarantee the execution of the final judgment.Art. 197 Principles Compulsory measures may be taken only if:a. they are permitted by law;b. there is reasonable suspicion that an offence has been committed;c. the aims cannot be achieved by less stringent measuresd. the seriousness of the offence justifies the compulsory measure. Particular caution must be taken when carrying out compulsory measures that restrict the fundamental rights of persons not accused of an offence.Art. 198 Competence Compulsory measures may be ordered by:a. the public prosecutor;b. the courts, or in cases of urgency, their director of proceedings;c. the police in cases specifically provided for by law. The Confederation and the cantons may restrict the powers of the police to order or carry out compulsory measures to police officers of a specific rank or function.Art. 199 Notice of the order Where a compulsory measure must be ordered in writing and need not be kept secret, the persons directly concerned shall be given a copy of the warrant and of any record relating to its execution against confirmation of receipt.Art. 200 Use of forceForce may be used as a last resort when carrying out compulsory measures; any force used must be reasonable.Chapter 2  Summonses, Enforced Appearances and Tracing of Wanted Persons or PropertySection 1 SummonsesArt. 201 Form and content A summons shall be issued in writing by the public prosecutor, the authorities responsible for prosecuting contraventions and the courts. It contains:a. the name of the criminal justice authority issuing the summons and the persons who will carry out the procedural act;b. the name of the person summoned and the capacity in which it is intended that person should participate in the procedural act;c. the reason for the summons if the aim of the investigation permits such information to be disclosed;d. the place, date and time of appearance;e. notice of the requirement to appear personally;f. a caution as to the legal consequences of the failure to appear without excuse;g. the date on which the summons was issued;h. the signature of the person issuing the summons.Art. 202 Time limit Summonses shall be served:a. in the preliminary proceedings: at least 3 days before the procedural act is due to take place;b. in proceedings in court: at least 10 days before the procedural act is due to take place. Public summonses shall be published at least one month before the procedural act is due to take place. When deciding on the date of the procedural act, appropriate account shall be taken of the availability of the persons being summoned.Art. 203 Exceptions A summons may be issued in a form other than that prescribed and subject to shorter time limits:a. in cases of urgency; orb. with the consent the person being summoned. Any person who is present at the place of the procedural act or in detention may be questioned immediately and without the issue of a summons.Art. 204 Safe conduct If persons who are abroad must be summoned, the public prosecutor or the persons conducting the court proceedings may guarantee their safe conduct. Persons who have been guaranteed safe conduct may not be arrested or made subject to other measures restricting their liberty in Switzerland due to acts or convictions from the period prior to their departure. Safe conduct may be subject to conditions. In this case, the persons concerned must be informed that the right to safe conduct expires if they fail to comply with the conditions thereof.Art. 205 Duty to appear, circumstances preventing appearance and failure to appear Any person summoned by a criminal justice authority must comply with the summons. Any person who is prevented from complying with a summons must inform the authority issuing the summons immediately; he or she must give reasons for his or her inability to appear and if possible provide documentary evidence thereof. A summons may be revoked if there is good cause. The revocation of the summons takes effect when the person summoned has been informed thereof. Any person who, without an acceptable reason, fails to comply with a summons from a public prosecutor, authority responsible for prosecuting contraventions or a court or who appears late shall be liable to a fixed penalty fine and may also be brought before the authority concerned by the police. The foregoing paragraph does not apply to the provisions on proceedings in absentia.Art. 206 Police summonses In the course of police enquiries, the police may summon persons for the purposes of questioning, establishing their identity or for other identification procedures without the requirement to comply with special formalities or time limits. Any person who fails to comply with a police summons may be brought before the authority concerned on the basis of a warrant issued by the public prosecutor provided the person summoned has been issued with a written warning that this measure may be taken.Section 2 Appearance enforced by the PoliceArt. 207 Requirements and competence A person may be brought before an authority by the police if:a. he or she has failed to comply with a summons;b. there are specific indications that he or she will not comply with a summons;c. in proceedings relating to a felony or misdemeanour, his or her immediate appearance is essential in the interests of the procedure;d. there is a strong suspicion that he or she has committed a felony or misdemeanour and there is reason to believe that there are grounds for the person's detention. An enforced appearance shall be ordered by the director of proceedings.Art. 208 Form of the order An enforced appearance is ordered in the form of a written warrant. In cases of urgency, it may be ordered orally; it must however be confirmed subsequently in writing. The warrant shall contain the same details as a summons and also the express authorisation for the police to use force and to enter buildings, dwellings and other spaces not generally accessible if this is necessary in order to implement the warrant.Art. 209 Procedure The police shall make every effort to protect the persons concerned when executing a warrant for an enforced appearance. They shall show the person concerned the warrant for the enforced appearance and bring him or her before the relevant authority immediately or at the time specified for the appearance. The authority shall inform the person concerned immediately and in a language they can understand of the reason for the enforced appearance, carry out the procedural act and release the person immediately thereafter unless the authority is applying for his or her remand or preventive detention.Section 3 Tracing of Wanted Persons or PropertyArt. 210 Principles The public prosecutor, authorities responsible for prosecuting contraventions and courts may order the tracing of persons whose whereabouts are unknown and who are required to appear in the proceedings. In cases of urgency, the police may themselves order that a wanted person be traced. A warrant (arrest warrant) may be issued for an accused person to be arrested and brought before the authorities if there is a strong suspicion that he or she has committed a felony or misdemeanour and there is reason to believe that there are grounds for the person's detention. Unless the public prosecutor, the authority responsible for prosecuting contraventions or the court orders otherwise, the police are responsible for tracing wanted persons. Paragraphs 1 and 3 apply mutatis mutandis to the tracing of items and assets. In preliminary proceedings, the police may themselves order the tracing of items and assets. Amended by No I of the FA of 17 June 2022, in force since 1 Jan. 2024  (AS 2023 468; BBl 2019 6697). Amended by No I of the FA of 17 June 2022, in force since 1 Jan. 2024  (AS 2023 468; BBl 2019 6697).Art. 211 Assistance from the public The public may be requested to assist in tracing wanted persons or property. The Confederation and the cantons may issue provisions in accordance with which members of the public may be rewarded for assisting in the successful tracing of wanted persons or property.Chapter 3 Deprivation of Liberty, Remand and Preventive DetentionSection 1 General ProvisionsArt. 212 Principles An accused person shall remain at liberty. He or she may be subjected to compulsory measures involving deprivation of liberty only in accordance with the provisions of this Code. Compulsory measures involving deprivation of liberty must be revoked as soon as:a. their requirements are no longer fulfilled;b. the term of the measure specified by this Code or by a court has expired; orc. alternative measures achieve the same purpose. Remand and preventive detention may not be of longer duration than the anticipated custodial sentence.Art. 213 Access to premises If it is necessary to enter houses, dwellings or other rooms that are not generally accessible in order to stop or arrest a person, the provisions on searching premises must be complied with. If there is a risk in any delay, the police may enter premises without a search warrant.Art. 214 Notification If a person is arrested, or placed on remand or in preventive detention, the relevant criminal justice authority shall immediately notify:a. his or her next-of-kin;b. if so requested, his or her employer or the relevant embassy or consulate. No notification shall be given if this is precluded by the purpose of the investigation or the person concerned expressly so requests. Where an arrested person is subject to a compulsory measure involving the deprivation of his or her liberty and a dependant suffers difficulties as a result, the criminal justice authority shall notify the relevant social services authorities. The victim shall be informed of the accused being placed in or released from remand or preventive detention, the ordering of an alternative measure under Article 237 paragraph 2 letter c or g, or if the accused absconds, unless he or she has expressly requested not to be informed. Such information may not be provided if it would expose the accused to a serious danger. Amended by Annex No 1 of the FA of 13 Dec. 2013 on Activity Prohibition Orders and Contact Prohibition and Exclusion Orders, in force since 1 Jan. 2015 (AS 2014 2055; BBl 2012 8819).Section 2 Police Powers to Stop and of PursuitArt. 215 Police power to stop For the purpose of investigating an offence, the police may stop a person and if necessary bring that person to the police station in order to:a. establish the person's identity;b. question the person briefly;c. establish whether he or she has committed an offence;d. establish whether the person or items in his or her possession are being traced. They may require the person they have stopped to:a. provide their personal details;b. produce identity documents;c. produce property in his or her possession;d. open containers or vehicles. They may request members of the public to assist them to stop persons. If there are specific indications that an offence is being committed or persons suspected of an offence are located at a specific place, the police may cordon off the location and stop the person located there.Art. 216 Pursuit The police are entitled in cases of urgency to pursue and stop a suspect on the territory of another commune, another canton and, if international agreements so permit, another country. If the person stopped is then arrested, he or she shall be handed over immediately to the competent authority at the place where he or she was stopped.Section 3 ArrestArt. 217 By the police The police are obliged to arrest a person and bring that person to the police station if:a. they have caught the person in the act of committing a felony or misdemeanour or they have encountered the person immediately after he or she has committed such an offence;b. the person is subject to an arrest warrant. They may arrest a person and bring him or her to the police station if, based on enquiries or other reliable information, the person is suspected of committing a felony or misdemeanour. They may arrest a person and bring him or her to the police station if they have caught the person in the act of committing a contravention or they have encountered the person immediately after he or she has committed such an offence in the event that:a. the person refuses to provide his or her personal details;b. the person does not live in Switzerland and fails to provide security for payment of the anticipated fine immediately;c. the arrest is necessary in order to prevent the person from committing further contraventions.Art. 218 By private individuals Where there is insufficient time to obtain police assistance, members of the public have the right to arrest a person if:a. they have caught the person in the act of committing a felony or misdemeanour or they have the person immediately after he or she has committed such an offence; orb. the public have been requested to assist in tracing of the person concerned. When making an arrest, private individuals may only use force in accordance with Article 200. Arrested persons must be handed over to the police as quickly as possible.Art. 219 Police procedure The police shall establish the identity of the arrested person immediately after the arrest, inform him or her of the reason for the arrest in a language the person can understand and caution the person as to his or her rights under Article 158. Thereafter, they shall inform the public prosecutor immediately of the arrest. They shall then question the arrested person in accordance with Article 159 on the suspected offences and carry out appropriate investigations immediately in order to substantiate or rebut the allegations and any other grounds for detention. If investigations reveal that there are no grounds for detention or such reasons no longer apply, they shall release the arrested person immediately. If the investigations confirm the suspicions and any grounds for detention, they shall hand the person over to the public prosecutor immediately. Release or handover shall in any case take place at the latest within 24 hours; if the person was stopped before the arrest, then the period while stopped shall be taken into account when calculating the time limit. If the police have provisionally arrested a person in accordance with Article 217 paragraph 3, the person may only be held for more than 3 hours if a corresponding order is given by a police officer authorised to do so by the Confederation or the canton.Section 4 Remand and Preventive Detention: General ProvisionsArt. 220 Definitions Remand begins when it is ordered by the compulsory measures court and ends with the receipt by the court of first instance of the indictment, the accelerated commencement of a custodial sanction or with the accused's release during the investigation. Preventive detention is the period of detention between the time of receipt by the court of first instance of the indictment and the issue of a final judgment, the commencement of a custodial sanction, the enforcement of an expulsion order, or the accused's release. Amended by Annex No 5 of the FA of 20 March 2015 (Implementation of Art. 121 para. 3–6 Federal Constitution on the expulsion of foreign nationals convicted of certain criminal offences), in force since 1 Oct. 2016 (AS 2016 2329; BBl 2013 5975).Art. 221 Requirements Remand and preventive detention are only permitted if there is a strong suspicion that the accused has committed a felony or misdemeanour and there is a serious concern that the accused:a. will evade criminal proceedings or the anticipated sanction by absconding;b. will influence people or tamper with evidence in order to compromise efforts to establish the truth; orc. will pose a considerable and immediate risk to the safety of others by committing felonies or serious misdemeanours as he or she has already committed similar offences. Remand and preventive detention are permitted by way of exception if:a. there is a strong suspicion that the accused has committed a felony or misdemeanour that has seriously harmed a person’s physical, mental or sexual integrity; andb. there is a serious and immediate risk that the accused will commit a similar serious felony. Detention is also permitted if there is a serious and immediate risk that a person will carry out a threat to commit a serious felony. Amended by No I of the FA of 17 June 2022, in force since 1 Jan. 2024  (AS 2023 468; BBl 2019 6697). Inserted by No I of the FA of 17 June 2022, in force since 1 Jan. 2024  (AS 2023 468; BBl 2019 6697). Amended by No I of the FA of 17 June 2022, in force since 1 Jan. 2024  (AS 2023 468; BBl 2019 6697).Art. 222 Appellate remediesOnly the detainee may contest decisions ordering, extending or ending his or her remand or preventive detention before the objections court, subject to Article 233. Amended by No I of the FA of 17 June 2022, in force since 1 Jan. 2024  (AS 2023 468; BBl 2019 6697).Art. 223 Communications with the defence in detention proceedings The defence lawyer may be present in detention proceedings when the accused is interviewed or when other evidence is being gathered. The accused may at any time communicate privately with his or her defence lawyer in writing or orally in proceedings before the public prosecutor or the courts relating to detention.Section 5 RemandArt. 224 Remand proceedings before the public prosecutor The public prosecutor shall question the accused immediately and give the accused the opportunity to make a statement regarding the suspected offence and the grounds for remand. It shall immediately record all evidence that may substantiate or rebut the suspicions and the grounds for detention provided such evidence is readily available. If the suspicions and the grounds for remand are confirmed, the public prosecutor shall immediately apply to the compulsory measures court, but at the latest within 48 hours of the arrest, for the accused to be remanded or for an alternative measure. It shall file its application in writing, with a brief statement of reasons and the most relevant files. If the public prosecutor decides against applying for remand, it shall order the accused's immediate release. If it applies for an alternative measure, it shall take the required preventive measures.Art. 225 Detention proceedings before the compulsory measures court On receipt of the application from the public prosecutor, the compulsory measures court shall immediately arrange a private hearing with the public prosecutor, the accused and his or her defence lawyer; it may require the public prosecutor to participate. If so requested, it shall permit the accused and the defence to inspect the files in its possession before the hearing. Any person who is permitted not to attend the hearing may submit applications in writing or make reference to earlier submissions. The compulsory measures court shall gather all the immediately available evidence that may substantiate or rebut the suspicions or the grounds for detention. If the accused expressly waives the right to a hearing, the compulsory measures court may decide in written proceedings on the basis of the application made by the public prosecutor and the submissions made by the accused. Amended by No I of the FA of 17 June 2022, in force since 1 Jan. 2024  (AS 2023 468; BBl 2019 6697).Art. 226 Decision of the compulsory measures court The compulsory measures court decides immediately, but at the latest within 48 hours of receipt of the application. It shall give immediate notice of its decision to the public prosecutor, the accused and his or her defence lawyer orally, or, if they are absent, in writing. It shall then provide them with a brief written statement of the grounds. If it orders the accused to be remanded, it shall inform the accused that he or she may file an application for release from remand at any time. In its decision it may:a. stipulate a maximum term for remand;b. instruct the public prosecutor to carry out specific investigative activities;c. order alternative measures to remand. If it decides not to order the accused to be remanded, the accused shall be released immediately.Art. 227 Application to extend the period of remand If the period on remand ordered by the compulsory measures court expires, the public prosecutor may file an application to extend the period of remand. If the compulsory measures court has not limited the period of remand, the application must be filed before the accused has spent 3 months on remand. The public prosecutor shall file a written application stating the grounds with the compulsory measures court 4 days at the latest before the expiry of the period of remand, together with the most relevant files. The compulsory measures court shall give the accused and his or her defence lawyer the opportunity to inspect the files in its possession and to respond to the application in writing within 3 days. It may order the provisional continuation of remand pending its decision. The compulsory measures court shall decide at the latest within 5 days of receipt of the response or the expiry of the time limit mentioned in paragraph 3 above. It may instruct the public prosecutor to carry out specific investigative activities, or order an alternative measure. The proceedings are normally conducted in writing, but the compulsory measures court may order a hearing, which shall be held in private. An extension of the period on remand may be granted for a maximum of 3 months, or in exceptional cases for a maximum of 6 months.Art. 228 Application for release from remand The accused may apply to the public prosecutor at any time in writing or orally on record for release from remand, subject to paragraph 5 below. The application must be accompanied by a brief statement of grounds. If the public prosecutor grants the application, it shall release the accused from remand immediately. If it does not wish to grant the application, it shall pass the same together with the files no later than 3 days after receipt to the compulsory measures court accompanied by a statement of its opinion. The compulsory measures court shall send the opinion to the accused and his or her defence lawyer and allow them 3 days to respond. The compulsory measures court shall decide at the latest within 5 days of receiving the response or of the expiry of the time limit mentioned in paragraph 3 above. If the accused expressly waives the right to a hearing, the decision may be issued in written proceedings. Article 226 paragraphs 2–5 also applies mutatis mutandis. The compulsory measures court may in its decision specify a time limit of a maximum of one month within which the accused is not permitted to file a further application for release.Section 6 Preventive DetentionArt. 229 Decision to order preventive detention In cases where the accused has already been on remand, an application for preventive detention is filed in writing by the public prosecutor and the decision on whether to order preventive detention is taken by the compulsory measures court. Where grounds for detention arise only after charges have been brought, the director of proceedings in the court of first instance shall conduct detention proceedings in analogous application of Article 224 and shall request the compulsory measures court to order preventive detention. The proceedings before the compulsory measures court are governed by:a. Articles 225 and 226 mutatis mutandis where the accused has not been on remand;b. Article 227 mutatis mutandis where the accused has already been on remand.Art. 230 Release from preventive detention during the proceedings before the court of first instance  The accused and the public prosecutor may file an application for release from detention during the proceedings before the court of first instance. The application must be submitted to the director of proceedings in the court of first instance. If the director of proceedings grants the application, he or she shall release the accused from detention immediately. If the director of proceedings does not wish to grant the application, it shall be passed on to the compulsory measures court for a decision to be made. The director of proceedings in the court of first instance may also order the accused to be released from detention provided the public prosecutor consents. If the public prosecutor does not consent, the compulsory measures court decides. The provisions of Article 228 also apply mutatis mutandis.Art. 231 Preventive detention following the judgment of the court of first instance  The court of first instance shall decide in its judgment whether a person convicted should be placed or should remain in preventive detention:a. in order to ensure that a sentence or measure is duly executed;b. with a view to appellate proceedings. If an accused in detention is acquitted and the court of first instance orders his or her release, the public prosecutor may:a. apply to the court of first instance for the release to be combined with measures, giving notice of the penalties under Article 292 SCC, in order to ensure that the person released attends the appellate proceedings. The person released and the public prosecutor may contest decisions on the measures ordered before the objections court;b. apply to the court of first instance for the director of appellate proceedings to order the continuation of preventive detention if there is a serious and immediate risk to the safety of others as the result of a felony or serious misdemeanour. In such a case, the person concerned shall remain in detention until the director of appellate proceedings makes a decision. The director of appellate proceedings shall decide on the application made by the public prosecutor within 5 days of the application being filed. If the objections withdrawn, the court of first instance shall decide on how the period spent in detention following the judgment will be taken into account. SR 311.0 Amended by No I of the FA of 17 June 2022, in force since 1 Jan. 2024  (AS 2023 468; BBl 2019 6697).Art. 232 Preventive detention during proceedings before the court of appeal If grounds for detention arise only during proceedings before the court of appeal, the director of appellate proceedings shall order the person to be placed in detention to be brought before the court immediately in order to a fair hearing. A decision shall be made within 48 hours of the hearing; their decision is final.Art. 233 Application for release from detention during proceedings before the court of appealThe director of appellate proceedings shall decide on an application for release from detention within 5 days; the decision is final.Section 7 Execution of Remand and Preventive DetentionArt. 234 Detention centre Remand and preventive detention is normally carried out in detention centres reserved for this purpose and which are otherwise used only for the execution of short custodial sentences. If it is advisable for medical reasons, the relevant cantonal authority may arrange for the detainee to be admitted to a hospital or psychiatric hospital.Art. 235 Conditions of detention The detainee's personal freedom may not be more strictly limited than is required for the purpose of detention or for order and security in the detention centre. Contact between the detainee and other persons requires authorisation from the director of proceedings. Visits shall if necessary be supervised. The director of proceedings shall inspect incoming and outgoing post, with the exception of correspondence with the supervisory and criminal justice authorities. During preventive detention, the director of proceedings may delegate this task to the public prosecutor. The detainee may communicate freely with his or her defence lawyer without the content of communications being inspected. If there is justified suspicion that this right is being abused, the director of proceedings may with approval of the compulsory measures court restrict free communication for a limited period, provided prior notice is given to the detainee and the defence lawyer of the restrictions. The cantons shall regulate the rights and obligations of persons in custody, their rights to legal redress, disciplinary measures and the supervision of detention centres.Art. 236 Accelerated execution of sentences and measures The director of proceedings may authorise the accused to begin a custodial sentence or custodial measure in advance of the anticipated date, provided the status of the proceedings permit this and unless this conflicts with the purpose of the accused's remand or preventive detention. If the charges have already been filed, the director of proceedings shall consult the public prosecutor. The Confederation and the cantons may provide that the execution of a measure in advance of the anticipated date requires the consent of the authorities responsible for its execution. On admission to a penal institution, the accused begins his or her sentence or measure; from this point the accused is governed by the relevant regime. Amended by No I of the FA of 17 June 2022, in force since 1 Jan. 2024  (AS 2023 468; BBl 2019 6697). Amended by No I of the FA of 17 June 2022, in force since 1 Jan. 2024  (AS 2023 468; BBl 2019 6697).Section 8 Alternative MeasuresArt. 237 General Provisions The relevant court shall order one or more lenient measures instead of remand or preventive detention if such measures achieve the same result as detention. Alternative measures include in particular:a. the payment of money bail;b. the surrendering of a passport or identity papers;c. the requirement to stay or not to stay in a specific place or in a specific house;d. the requirement to report to a public office at regularly intervals;e. the requirement to do a regular job;f. the requirement to undergo medical treatment or a medical examination;g. the prohibition of making contact with specific persons. In order to monitor such alternative measures, the court may order the use of technical devices and that they be securely fastened to the person being monitored. The ordering of alternative measures and appeals against such measures are governed mutatis mutandis by the regulations on remand and preventive detention. The court may revoke the alternative measures at any time, or order other alternative measures or the accused's remand or preventive detention if new circumstances so require or if the accused fails to fulfil the requirements stipulated.Art. 238 Payment of money bail Where there is a risk that the accused may abscond, the relevant court may order payment of a sum of money in order to ensure that the accused appears for all procedural acts or to begin a custodial sanction. The amount of the bail payment is assessed on the basis of the seriousness of the offences of which the accused is suspected and of the accused's personal circumstances. The payment of money bail may be made in cash or by means of a guarantee issued by a bank or insurance company permanently established in Switzerland.Art. 239 Return of the bail payment The bail payment shall be returned if:a. the grounds for detention no longer apply;b. the criminal proceedings are concluded by a final judgment of abandonment or acquittal;c. the accused has begun a custodial sanction. Before the bail payment made by the accused is returned, any monetary penalties, fines, costs and compensation that have been imposed on the accused may be deducted from it. The authority before which the case is pending or was last pending shall decide on the return of the bail payment.Art. 240 Forfeiture of the bail payment If the accused absconds during the proceedings or the execution of a custodial sanction, the bail payment shall be forfeited to the Confederation or to the canton whose court ordered the same. If a third party made the bail payment, the forfeiture may be waived if the third party provides the authorities with information in good time to enable the accused to be apprehended. The authority before which the case is pending or was last pending shall decide on the forfeiture of the bail payment. A forfeited bail payment shall be used in analogous application of Article 73 SCC to cover the claims of persons suffering harm and, if a surplus remains, to cover the monetary penalties, fines and the procedural costs. Any surplus still remaining shall pass to the Confederation or the canton. SR 311.0Chapter 4 Searches and ExaminationsSection 1 General ProvisionsArt. 241 Authorisation Searches shall be authorised by written warrant. In cases of urgency, they may be authorised orally, but this must be confirmed subsequently in writing. The warrant shall indicate:a. the persons, premises, items or records or recordings to be searched or searched for;b. the purpose of the measure;c. the authorities or persons authorised to conduct the measure. If there is a risk in any delay, the police may authorise the manual search of body orifices and body cavities and carry out searches without a warrant; they shall inform competent criminal justice authority about the search immediately. The police may search a person who has been stopped or arrested person, in particular in order to guarantee the safety of other persons.Art. 242 Conduct of searches The authorities or persons carrying out the search shall take suitable safety precautions in order to achieve the aim of the measure. They may prohibit persons from leaving during a search.Art. 243 Accidental finds Forensic evidence or items found that are not connected with the offence under investigation but which appears to relate to a different offence shall be secured. The items shall be handed over with a report thereon to the director of proceedings, who shall decide on the further course of action.Section 2 Searches of PremisesArt. 244 Principle Houses, dwellings and other rooms not generally accessible may only be searched with the consent the proprietor. The proprietor's consent is not required if it is suspected that on the premises:a. there are wanted persons;b. there is forensic evidence or items or assets that must be seized;c. offences are being committed.Art. 245 Conduct of searches The persons authorised to carry out the search shall produce the search warrant at the start of the search. Proprietors of premises being searched who are present must remain on the premises during the search. If they are absent, if possible an adult family member or another suitable person must remain present.Section 3 Search of Records and RecordingsArt. 246 PrincipleDocuments, audio, video and other recordings, data carriers and equipment for processing and storing information may be searched if it is suspected that they contain information that is liable to seizure.Art. 247 Conduct The holder may comment before a search on the content of records. Experts may be called in to examine the content of records, and in particular to identify records with protected content. The holder may provide the criminal justice authority with copies of records and printouts of stored information if this is sufficient for the purpose of the proceedings.Art. 248 Sealing of evidence If the holder claims that, in view of Article 264, specific records or other items may not be seized, criminal justice authority shall place the same under seal. The holder must make the request within three days of the items being secured. During this period and following any sealing, the criminal justice authority shall neither inspect nor use the records or items. If the criminal justice authority establishes that the holder is not the same person as the proprietor, it shall give the proprietor the opportunity to request sealing within three days. Unless the criminal justice authority files a request for the removal of the seals within 20 days, the sealed records and property shall be returned to the holder. Amended by No I of the FA of 17 June 2022, in force since 1 Jan. 2024  (AS 2023 468; BBl 2019 6697).Art. 248a Responsibility and procedure for removing seals If the criminal justice authority files a request for the removal of the seals, the following are responsible for the decision:a. in preliminary proceedings and in proceedings before the court of first instance: the compulsory measures court;b. in other cases: the director of proceedings in the court before which the case is pending. If, after receiving the request for the removal of seals, the court establishes that the holder is not the same person as the proprietor, it shall inform the proprietor of the sealing. On request, it shall permit the proprietor to inspect the case files. The court shall allow the proprietor a non-extendable period of 10 days, within which to object to the request for the removal of seals and state to what extent he or she wishes to maintain the sealing. Failure to respond is deemed equivalent to the withdrawing the request for sealing. If the matter is ready for a decision to be made, the court shall issue a final decision within 10 days of receipt of the response in written proceedings. Otherwise, the court shall within 30 days of receipt of the response arrange a private hearing with the public prosecutor and the proprietor. The proprietor must credibly explain why and to what extent the seals should not be removed from the records or items. The court shall issue its decision immediately; the decision is final. The court may:a. call in an expert in order to examine the content of records and items, be granted access to the same or to guarantee their integrity;b.  designate police officers as experts in order that they are granted access to the content of the records and items or guarantee their integrity. If the proprietor fails to attend the hearing without providing an excuse and if they do not arrange to be represented either, the request for sealing is deemed to have been withdrawn. If the public prosecutor fails to attend, the court shall decide in its absence. Inserted by No I of the FA of 17 June 2022, in force since 1 Jan. 2024  (AS 2023 468; BBl 2019 6697).Section 4 Searches of Persons and PropertyArt. 249 PrinciplePersons and property may only be searched without consent if it is suspected that forensic evidence or items or assets that must be seized may be found.Art. 250 Conduct Searching persons includes the examination of clothing, items carried by the person concerned, containers and vehicles, the surface of the body and visible body orifices and body cavities. Searches of a person's genital area shall be carried out by a person of the same gender or by a doctor, unless the measure cannot be delayed.Section 5 Examination of PersonsArt. 251 Principle An examination of a person includes an examination of their physical or mental condition. The accused may be questioned in order to:a. establish the facts of the case;b. establish whether the he or she had the mental capacity to be held criminally liable, is fit to plead and to withstand detention. Interventions in the physical integrity of the accused may be ordered provided they do not cause particular pain or any risk to health. Examinations and interventions in the physical integrity of persons other than the accused are only permitted without consent if they are essential in order to properly investigate an offence under Articles 111–113, 122, 124, 140, 184, 185, 187, 189, 190 or 191 SCC. SR 311.0 Amended by No III of the FA of 30 Sept. 2011, in force since 1 July 2012  (AS 2012 2575; BBl 2010 5651 5677).Art. 251a Alcohol breath test, blood and urine testIn order to establish fitness to drive, the police may:a. conduct an alcohol breath test;b. take a blood sample and order its analysis in cases in which federal law prescribes a blood test;c. order the taking and analysis of a urine sample. Inserted by No I of the FA of 17 June 2022, in force since 1 Jan. 2024  (AS 2023 468; BBl 2019 6697).Art. 252 Conduct of physical examinationsExaminations of persons and interventions in their physical integrity shall be carried out by a doctor or another medical specialist.Section 6 Examination of Dead BodiesArt. 253 Unnatural deaths If there are indications that a death did not occur naturally, and in particular indications of an offence, or if the body is unidentified, the public prosecutor shall order an examination of the body to be carried out by a specialist doctor in order to establish the cause of death or to identify the body. If, after the examination of the body, there is no evidence that an offence has been committed and if identity is established, the public prosecutor shall release the body for the funeral. The public prosecutor shall otherwise order the body to be secured and further tests, and if necessary an autopsy to be carried out by an institute for forensic medicine. It may order the body or parts thereof to be retained for as long as required for the purpose of the investigation. The cantons shall decide persons in the medical profession are required to report unnatural deaths to the criminal justice authorities.Art. 254 ExhumationIf it appears necessary in for the proper investigation of an offence, the exhumation of a body or the opening of an urn containing its ashes may be ordered.Chapter 5 DNA AnalysisSection 1 DNA Profiles Inserted by Annex 1 No 2 of the FA of 17 Dec. 2021, in force since 1 Aug. 2023  (AS 2023 309; BBl 2021 44).Art. 255 General requirements In order to investigate the felony or misdemeanour that is the subject of the proceedings, a sample may be taken to create a DNA profile of:a. the accused;b. other persons, in particular victims or persons entitled to be present at the place of commission, insofar as this is necessary to distinguish their biological material from that of the accused;c. deceased persons;d. biological material relevant to the offence. A sample may be taken from and a DNA profile created of the accused if there are specific indications that the accused could have committed further felonies or misdemeanours. The police may order:a. a sample to be taken from persons by non-invasive methods;b. the creation of a DNA profile from biological material relevant to the offence. If it is only possible to create the Y-DNA profile from biological material relevant to the offence, the public prosecutor may when investigating a felony order its comparison with data in the information system in accordance with Article 10 of the DNA Profiles Act of 20 June 2003. Amended by No I of the FA of 17 June 2022, in force since 1 Jan. 2024  (AS 2023 468; BBl 2019 6697). Inserted by No I of the FA of 17 June 2022, in force since 1 Jan. 2024  (AS 2023 468; BBl 2019 6697). SR 363 Inserted by Annex 1 No 2 of the FA of 17 Dec. 2021, in force since 1 Aug. 2023  (AS 2023 309; BBl 2021 44).Art. 256 Mass testing In an investigation into a felony, the compulsory measures court may at the request of the public prosecutor order that samples be taken to create DNA profiles from persons who display specific characteristics established as being relevant to the commission of the offence. The group of persons to be investigated may be more strictly defined by means of phenotyping in accordance with Article 258b. If the profile comparison in accordance with paragraph 1 does not produce a match, the compulsory measures court may, at the request of the public prosecutor, order that a familial relationship with the person to whom forensic evidence pertains be used as a basis for further investigations. Amended by Annex 1 No 2 of the FA of 17 Dec. 2021, in force since 1 Aug. 2023  (AS 2023 309; BBl 2021 44).Art. 257 Convicted personsThe court may in its judgment order that a sample be taken to create a DNA profile from persons convicted of a felony or a misdemeanour if there are specific indications that the convicted person could commit further felonies or misdemeanours. Amended by No I of the FA of 17 June 2022, in force since 1 Jan. 2024  (AS 2023 468; BBl 2019 6697).Art. 258 Taking samplesWhere invasive methods are used to take samples, the sample shall be taken by a doctor or another medical specialist.Art. 258a Familial searchesIn order to investigate a felony under Articles 111−113, 118 paragraph 2, 122, 124, 140, 156 numbers 2−4, 182, 184, 185, 187, 189 paragraphs 1 and 3, 190 paragraphs 1 and 3, 191, 260 or 264−264l SCC, a familial DNA search may be ordered in accordance with Article 2a of the DNA Profiles Act of 20 June 2003, provided the investigative measures up to that point have been unsuccessful or the investigation would otherwise have no prospect of success or would be made disproportionately more difficult. Inserted by Annex 1 No 2 of the FA of 17 Dec. 2021, in force since 1 Aug. 2023  (AS 2023 309; BBl 2021 44). SR 311.0 SR 363Section 2 Phenotyping Inserted by Annex 1 No 2 of the FA of 17 Dec. 2021, in force since 1 Aug. 2023  (AS 2023 309; BBl 2021 44).Art. 258b PhenotypingPhenotyping in accordance with Article 2b of the DNA Profiles Act of 20 June 2003 may be ordered when investigating felonies under the following Articles: Articles 111−113, 118 paragraph 2, 122, 124, 140, 156 numbers 2−4, 182, 184, 185, 187, 189 paragraphs 1 and 3, 190 paragraphs 1 and 3, 191, 260 or 264−264l SCC. Inserted by Annex 1 No 2 of the FA of 17 Dec. 2021, in force since 1 Aug. 2023  (AS 2023 309; BBl 2021 44). SR 363 SR 311.0Art. 259 Application of the DNA Profiles ActThe DNA Profiles Act of 20 June 2003 also applies. SR 363Chapter 6  Recording Identification Data, Handwriting and Voice SamplesArt. 260 Recording identification data When recording identification data, the physical characteristics of a person shall be noted and prints taken of parts of the body. The police, the public prosecutor and the courts, or in cases of urgency the director of proceedings may order the recording of identifying data. The recording of identifying data shall be ordered in a written warrant, with a brief statement of the reasons. In cases of urgency, it may be ordered orally, but must subsequently be confirmed and explained in writing. If the person concerned refuses to accept the police order, the public prosecutor shall decide.Art. 261 Retention and use of identifying documents Documents that identify the accused may be retained outside the case file and, in the event of a reasonable suspicion that a new offence has been committed, may also be used:a.until the expiry the time limits for the deletion of DNA profiles in accordance with Articles 16–18 of the DNA Profiles Act of 20 June 2003; orb. in the event of a conviction for a contravention: for five years from the date of the judgment, provided the judgment is final. Documents identifying persons other than the accused must be destroyed as soon as the proceedings against the accused have been concluded or abandoned or it has been decided not to bring proceedings. If it becomes clear before the expiry of the time limits under paragraph 1 that there is no longer any interest in retaining or using the identifying documents, they shall be destroyed. Amended by Annex 1 No 5 of the Criminal Records Register Act of 17 June 2016, in force since 23 Jan. 2023 (AS 2022 600; BBl 2014 5713). SR 363 Amended by Annex 1 No 2 of the FA of 17 Dec. 2021, in force since 1 Aug. 2023  (AS 2023 309; BBl 2021 44).Art. 262 Handwriting and voice samples Accused persons, witnesses and persons providing information may be required to provide handwriting or voice samples for comparison with other such samples. Any person who refuses to provide such a sample may be issued with a fixed penalty fine. The foregoing does not apply to the accused and, where such rights apply, persons who have the right to remain silent or to refuse to testify.Chapter 7 SeizureArt. 263 Principle Items and assets belonging to an accused or to a third party may be seized if it is expected that the items or assets:a. will be used as evidence;b. will be used as security for procedural costs, monetary penalties, fines or compensation;c. will have to be returned to the persons suffering harm;d. will have to be forfeited;e. will be used to cover compensation claims made by the State in accordance with Article 71 SCC. Seizure shall be ordered on the basis of a written warrant containing a brief statement of the grounds. In urgent cases, seizure may be ordered orally, but the order must thereafter be confirmed in writing. Where there is a risk in any delay, the police or members of the public may provisionally seize items or assets on behalf of the public prosecutor or the courts. Inserted by No I of the FA of 17 June 2022, in force since 1 Jan. 2024  (AS 2023 468; BBl 2019 6697). SR 311.0Art. 264 Restrictions The following items may not be seized irrespective of their location and of when they were created:a. documents used in communications between the accused and his or her defence lawyer;b. personal records and correspondence belonging to the accused if the interest in protecting his or her privacy outweighs the interest in prosecution;c. items and documents used in communications between the accused and persons who may refuse to testify in accordance with Articles 170–173 and who are not accused of an offence relating to the same case;d. items and documents used in communications between another person and his or her lawyer provided the lawyer is entitled to represent clients before Swiss courts in accordance with the Lawyers Act of 23 June 2000 and is not accused an offence relating to the same case. The restrictions in accordance with paragraph 1 do not apply to items and assets that must be seized with a view to their return to the person suffering harm or their forfeiture. If the holder of items or assets claims that their seizure is not permitted, the criminal justice authorities shall proceed in accordance with the regulations on the sealing of evidence. Amended by No I 6 of the FA of 28 Sept. 2012 on the Amendment of Procedural Provisions on Professional Confidentiality for Lawyers, in force since 1 May 2013  (AS 2013 847; BBl 2011 8181). Inserted by No I 6 of the FA of 28 Sept. 2012 on the Amendment of Procedural Provisions on Professional Confidentiality for Lawyers, in force since 1 May 2013  (AS 2013 847; BBl 2011 8181). SR 935.61 Amended by No I of the FA of 17 June 2022, in force since 1 Jan. 2024  (AS 2023 468; BBl 2019 6697).Art. 265 Duty to hand over items or assets The holder is obliged to hand over items or assets that should be seized. The following persons are not required to hand over items or assets:a. the accused;b. persons who have the right to remain silent or to refuse to testify, to the extent that that right applies;c. corporate undertakings, if by handing over items they could incriminate themselves such that they:1. could be held liable under criminal law or2. could be held liable under civil law and if their interest in protection outweighs the interest in prosecution. The criminal justice authority may demand that the person obliged to hand over items or assets does so, may fix a deadline, and notify him or her that in the event of non-compliance the penalties mentioned in Article 292 SCC or a fixed penalty fine may be imposed. Compulsory measures are only permitted if the person concerned refuses to hand over the items or assets or if it may be assumed that a demand to hand over the items or assets may prejudice the success of the measure. SR 311.0Art. 266 Procedure The criminal justice authority ordering seizure shall confirm that it has received the property and assets seized or handed over in the seizure order or in a separate receipt. It shall draw up a list and safeguard the property and assets appropriately. If immovable property is seized, an inhibition shall be ordered; this shall be recorded in the Land Register. The seizure of a debt shall be notified to the debtor, who shall be advised that repayment to the creditor will not settle the debt. Property that is subject to rapid depreciation or requires expensive maintenance, as well as securities or other assets with a stock exchange or market price may be sold immediately in accordance with the Federal Act of 11 April 1889 on Debt Enforcement and Bankruptcy (DEBA). The proceeds shall be seized. The Federal Council shall regulate the investment of seized assets. Amended by No I of the FA of 17 June 2022, in force since 1 Jan. 2024  (AS 2023 468; BBl 2019 6697).  SR 281.1Art. 267 Decision on seized property and assets If the grounds for seizure no longer apply, the public prosecutor or court shall revoke the seizure order and hand over the property or assets to the person entitled to them. Where it is undisputed that a person has as a direct result of the offence been deprived of an item of property or an asset belonging to him or her, the criminal justice authority shall return the property or asset to the person entitled to it before the conclusion of the proceedings. Unless the order to seize an item of property or an asset has already been revoked, a decision on its return to the entitled person, its use to cover costs or its forfeiture in shall be made in the final judgment. If two or more persons lay claim to an item of property or an asset in respect of which the seizure order is to be revoked, the court may decide on the issue. The criminal justice authority may award property or assets to a person and set the other claimants a time limit within which to raise a civil action. If at the time when the seizure order is revoked the identity of the person entitled to the property or assets is unknown, the public prosecutor or the court shall give public notice that the property or assets are available to be claimed. If no one makes a claim within five years of notice being given, the seized property and assets shall pass to the canton or to the Confederation.Art. 268 Seizure to cover costs Assets belonging to the accused may be seized to the extent that is anticipated to be required to cover:a. procedural costs and compensation;b. monetary penalties and fines. The criminal justice authority shall take account of the financial circumstances of the accused and his or her family when deciding on seizure. Exempted from seizure are assets that may not be seized in accordance with Articles 92–94 DEBA. SR 281.1Chapter 8 Covert Surveillance MeasuresSection 1 Surveillance of Post and TelecommunicationsArt. 269 Requirements The public prosecutor may arrange for post and telecommunications to be monitored if:a. there is a strong suspicion that an offence listed in paragraph 2 has been committed;b. the seriousness of the offence justifies surveillance; andc. investigative activities carried out so far have been unsuccessful or the enquiries would otherwise have no prospect of success or be made unreasonably complicated. Surveillance may be ordered in the investigation of the offences under the following Articles:a. SCC: Articles 111–113, 115, 118 paragraph 2, 122, 124, 127, 129, 135, 138–140, 143, 144 paragraph 3, 144 number 1 paragraph 2 and number 2 paragraph 2, 146–148, 156, 157 number 2, 158 number 1 paragraph 3 and number 2, 160, 163 number 1, 180, 181, 182–185, 187, 188, 189–191, 193, 193a, 195–197, 220, 221 paragraphs 1 and 2, 223 number 1, 224 paragraph 1, 226–226, 227 number 1 paragraph 1, 228 number 1 paragraph 1, 230, 231 number 1, 232 number 1, 233 number 1, 234 paragraph 1, 237 number 1, 240 paragraph 1, 242, 244, 251 number 1, 258, 259 paragraph 1, 260–260, 261, 264–267, 271, 272 number 2, 273, 274 number 1 paragraph 2, 285, 301, 303 number 1, 305, 305 number 2, 310, 312, 314, 317 number 1, 319, 322, 322 and 322;b. Foreign Nationals and Integration Act of 16 December 2005: Articles 116 paragraph 3 and 118 paragraph 3;c. Federal Act of 22 June 2001 on the Hague Convention on Adoption and on Measures to Protect Children in International Adoption Cases: Article 24;d. War Material Act of 13 December 1996: Articles 33 paragraph 2 and 34–35b;e. Nuclear Energy Act of 21 March 2003: Articles 88 paragraphs 1 and 2, 89 paragraphs 1 and 2 and 90 paragraph 1;f. NarcA: Articles 19 number 1 second sentence and number 2, and 20 number 1 second sentence;g. Environmental Protection Act of 7 October 1983: Article 60 paragraph 1 letters g–i as well as m and o;h. Goods Control Act of 13 December 1996: Article 14 paragraph 2;i. Sport Promotion Act of 17 June 2011: Article 22 paragraphs 2 and 25a paragraph 3;j. Financial Market Infrastructure Act of 19 June 2015: Articles 154 and 155;k. Weapons Act of 20 June 1997: Article 33 paragraph 3;l. Medicinal Products Act of 15 December 2000: Article 86 paragraphs 2 and 3;m. Gambling Act of 29 September 2017: Article 130 paragraph 2 for the offences under Article 130 paragraph 1 letter a;n. Intelligence Service Act of 25 September 2015: Article 74 paragraph 4. If the adjudication an offence subject to military jurisdiction is assigned to the jurisdiction of the civil courts, the surveillance of post and telecommunications may also be ordered in the investigation of the offences under Article 70 paragraph 2 of the Military Criminal Procedure Code of 23 March 1979. Amended by Annex No 2 of the FA of 16 June 2023 on a Revision of the Law on Sex Offences, in force since 1 July 2024 (AS 2024 27; BBl 2018 2827; 2022 687, 1011). SR 311.0 Amended by Annex No II 7 of the Criminal Justice Authorities Act of 19 March 2010, in force since 1 Jan. 2011 (AS 2010 3267; BBl 2008 8125). Title amended on 1 Jan. 2019 in application of Art. 12 para. 2 of the Publications Act of 18 June 2004 (SR 170.512). This change has been made throughout the text. SR 142.20 SR 211.221.31 Amended by No II of the FA of 16 March 2012, in force since 1 Feb. 2013 (AS 2013 295; BBl 2011 5905). SR 514.51 SR 732.1 Amended by No I of the FA of 17 June 2022, in force since 1 Jan. 2024  (AS 2023 468; BBl 2019 6697). SR 812.121 SR 814.01 SR 946.202 Inserted by Art. 34 No 2 of the Sport Promotion Act of 17 June 2011 (AS 2012 3953; BBl 2009 8189). Amended by Annex No II 2 of the Gambling Act of 29 Sept. 2017, in force since 1 Jan. 2019 (AS 2018 5103; BBl 2015 8387). SR 415.0 Inserted by No II 4 of the FA of 28 Sept. 2012 (AS 2013 1103; BBl 2011 6873). Amended by Annex No 4 of the Financial Market Infrastructure Act of 19 June 2015, in force since 1 Jan. 2016 (AS 2015 5339; BBl 2014 7483). SR 958.1 Inserted by Annex No II 1 of the FA of 18 March 2016 on the Surveillance of Postal and Telecommunications Traffic, in force since 1 March 2018  (AS 2018 117; BBl 2013 2683). SR 514.54 Inserted by Annex No 1 of the FD of 29 Sept. 2017 (Medicrime Convention), in force since 1 Jan. 2019 (AS 2018 4771; BBl 2017 3135). SR 812.21 Inserted by Annex No II 2 of the Gambling Act of 29 Sept. 2017, in force since  1 Jan. 2019 (AS 2018 5103; BBl 2015 8387). SR 935.51 Inserted by Annex No II 3 of the FedD of 25 Sept. 2020 on the Approval and Implementation of the Council of Europe Convention on the Prevention of Terrorism and its Additional Protocol and the Strengthening of Criminal Justice Instruments for combating Terrorism and Organised Crime, in force since 1 July 2021 (AS 2021 360; BBl 2018 6427). SR 121 SR 322.1Art. 269 Use of special technical devices for the surveillance of telecommunications The public prosecutor may order the use of special technical devices for the surveillance of telecommunications in order to listen to or record conversations, identify a person or property or determine their location if:a. the requirements of Article 269 are met;b. previous telecommunications surveillance measures under Article 269 have been unsuccessful or surveillance with these measures would be futile or disproportionately difficult;c. the authorisation required under telecommunications law has been obtained to use these devices at the time of use.  The public prosecutor shall keep statistics on the use of these forms of surveillance. The Federal Council shall regulate the details. Inserted by Annex No II 1 of the FA of 18 March 2016 on the Surveillance of Postal and Telecommunications Traffic, in force since 1 March 2018  (AS 2018 117; BBl 2013 2683).Art. 269 Use of special software for the surveillance of telecommunications The public prosecutor may order the introduction of special software into a data processing system in order to intercept and recover the content of communications and telecommunications metadata in unencrypted form provided:a. the conditions of Article 269 paragraphs 1 and 3 are met;b. the proceedings relate to an offence listed in Article 286 paragraph 2;c. previous telecommunications surveillance measures under Article 269 have been unsuccessful or surveillance with these measures would be futile or disproportionately difficult. In the surveillance order, the public prosecutor shall specify:a. the desired data types; andb. the non-public spaces that may have to be entered in order to introduce special software into the relevant data processing system. Data not covered by paragraph that is collected when using such software must be destroyed immediately. No use may be made of information obtained from such data.  The public prosecutor shall keep statistics on these forms of surveillance. The Federal Council shall regulate the details. Inserted by Annex No II 1 of the FA of 18 March 2016 on the Surveillance of Postal and Telecommunications Traffic, in force since 1 March 2018 (AS 2018 117; BBl 2013 2683).Art. 269 Requirements applicable to special software for the surveillance of telecommunications The only special software that may be used is that which records the surveillance unalterably and without interruption. The record forms part of the case files. The recovery of data from the data processing system under surveillance to the relevant criminal justice authority must take place securely. The criminal justice authority shall ensure that the source code can be checked in order to verify that the software has only legally permitted functions. Inserted by Annex No II 1 of the FA of 18 March 2016 on the Surveillance of Postal and Telecommunications Traffic, in force since 1 March 2018 (AS 2018 117; BBl 2013 2683).Art. 270 Subject matter of surveillanceThe post and telecommunications of the following persons may be monitored:a. the accused;b. third parties if there is reason to believe based on specific information that:1. the accused uses the postal address or the telecommunications service of the third party, or2. the third party receives certain communications on behalf of the accused or passes on communications from the accused to another person. Amended by Annex No II 1 of the FA of 18 March 2016 on the Surveillance of Postal and Telecommunications Traffic, in force since 1 March 2018 (AS 2018 117; BBl 2013 2683). Amended by Annex No II 1 of the FA of 18 March 2016 on the Surveillance of Postal and Telecommunications Traffic, in force since 1 March 2018 (AS 2018 117; BBl 2013 2683).Art. 271 Preservation of professional confidentiality When monitoring a person belonging to one of the professions mentioned in Articles 170–173, the court must ensure that information that is relevant to the enquiries or the reason why this person is being monitored is separated from information that is relevant, in order to guarantee that no professional secrets come to the knowledge of the criminal justice authority. The separated data must be destroyed immediately; it may not be evaluated. Information under paragraph 1 need not be separated beforehand if:a. there is a strong suspicion that the person subject to professional confidentiality is guilty of an offence; andb. there are specific reasons justifying the direct interception of communications. In the surveillance of other persons, as soon as it is established that they have links with a person mentioned in Articles 170–173, information on communication with the person must be separated in accordance with paragraph 1. Information in respect of which a person mentioned in Articles 170–173 may refuse to testify must be removed from the case documents and destroyed immediately; it may not be evaluated. Amended by Annex No II 1 of the FA of 18 March 2016 on the Surveillance of Postal and Telecommunications Traffic, in force since 1 March 2018 (AS 2018 117; BBl 2013 2683).Art. 272 Duty to obtain authorisation and general authorisation The surveillance of post and telecommunications requires the authorisation of the compulsory measures court. If enquiries reveal that the person under surveillance is changing his or her telecommunications service regularly, the compulsory measures court may by way of exception authorise the surveillance of all identified services used by the person under surveillance for telecommunications so that authorisation is not required in each individual case (general authorisation). The public prosecutor shall submit a report to the compulsory measures court for approval every month and on conclusion of the surveillance. If during the surveillance of a service in terms of a general authorisation, measures are required to protect professional confidentiality and such measures are not mentioned in the general authorisation, an application for authorisation for the individual surveillance operation concerned must be submitted to the compulsory measures court. Amended by Annex No II 1 of the FA of 18 March 2016 on the Surveillance of Postal and Telecommunications Traffic, in force since 1 March 2018 (AS 2018 117; BBl 2013 2683). Amended by Annex No II 1 of the FA of 18 March 2016 on the Surveillance of Postal and Telecommunications Traffic, in force since 1 March 2018  (AS 2018 117; BBl 2013 2683).Art. 273 Subscriber information, location identification and technical transmission features If there is a strong suspicion that a felony or misdemeanour has been committed, and if the requirements of Article 269 paragraph 1 letters b and c are met, the public prosecutor may request the following metadata:a. metadata relating to telecommunications in accordance with Article 8 letter b of the Federal Act of 18 March 2016 on the Surveillance of Postal and Telecommunications Traffic (SPTA) by the accused, a third party in accordance with Article 270 letter b of this Code or a person suffering harm; b. metadata relating to post in accordance with Article 19 paragraph 1 letter b SPTA to or from the accused or a third party in accordance with Article 270 letter b of this Code. The order requires the approval of the compulsory measures court. The information mentioned in paragraph 1 may be requested irrespective of the duration of surveillance and for the 6 months prior to the date of the request. Amended by Annex No II 1 of the FA of 18 March 2016 on the Surveillance of Postal and Telecommunications Traffic, in force since 1 March 2018  (AS 2018 117; BBl 2013 2683). Amended by Annex 2 No 2 of the FA of 17 June 2022, in force since 1 Jan. 2024  (AS 2023 468; BBl 2019 6697). SR 780.1 Amended by No I of the FA of 17 June 2022, in force since 1 Jan. 2024  (AS 2023 468; BBl 2019 6697).Art. 274 Authorisation procedure The public prosecutor shall submit the following documents to the compulsory measures court within 24 hours of surveillance or the release of information being ordered:a. the order;b. a statement of the reasons and the case documents relevant for authorisation. The compulsory measures court shall decide and provide a brief statement of the reasons within 5 days of the surveillance or the release of information being ordered. It may grant authorisation subject to a time limit or other conditions, or request further information or investigations. The compulsory measures court shall give notice of the decision immediately to the public prosecutor and to the Post and Telecommunications Surveillance Bureau in terms of Article 3 SPTA. The authorisation shall expressly state:a. which measures must be taken to protect professional confidentiality;b. whether non-public spaces may be entered in order to introduce special software into the relevant data processing system. The compulsory measures court shall grant authorisation for a maximum of 3 months. The authorisation may be extended on one or more occasions for a maximum of 3 months at a time. If an extension is required, the public prosecutor shall file an application for the extension, stating the reasons therefor, before expiry of the current authorisation. SR 780.1 Amended by Annex No II 1 of the FA of 18 March 2016 on the Surveillance of Postal and Telecommunications Traffic, in force since 1 March 2018 (AS 2018 117; BBl 2013 2683). Amended by Annex No II 1 of the FA of 18 March 2016 on the Surveillance of Postal and Telecommunications Traffic, in force since 1 March 2018 (AS 2018 117; BBl 2013 2683).Art. 275 Conclusion of surveillance The public prosecutor shall stop surveillance immediately if:a. the requirements are no longer fulfilled; orb. the authorisation or its extension is refused. In cases under paragraph 1 letter a, the public prosecutor shall notify the compulsory measures court that surveillance has been concluded.Art. 276 Results not required Records of authorised surveillance operations that are not required for criminal proceedings shall be stored separately from the case documents and destroyed immediately on conclusion of the proceedings. Postal items may be retained for as long as this is necessary for the criminal proceedings; they must be released to the addressee as soon as the status of the proceedings permits.Art. 277 Use of the results of unauthorised surveillance operations Documents and data carriers obtained in unauthorised surveillance activities must be destroyed immediately. Postal items must be delivered to the addressee immediately. The results of unauthorised surveillance operations may not be used.Art. 278 Accidental finds If in the course of surveillance operations offences other than those specified in the surveillance order come to light, these findings may be used against the accused provided surveillance would have been permitted in the investigation of the offences concerned. If offences come to light during surveillance operations in terms of Articles 35 and 36 SPTA, the findings may be used subject to the requirements specified in paragraphs 2 and 3. Findings relating to offences committed by a person who is not named as a suspect in the surveillance order may be used if the requirements for the surveillance of this person are fulfilled. In cases under paragraphs 1, 1 and 2, the public prosecutor shall order surveillance immediately and begin the authorisation procedure. Records that may not be used as accidental finds must be stored separately from the case documents and destroyed on conclusion of the proceedings. Any findings made in a surveillance operation may be used to trace wanted persons. SR 780.1 Inserted by Annex No II 7 of the Criminal Justice Authorities Act of 19 March 2010  (AS 2010 3267; BBl 2008 8125). Amended by Annex No II 1 of the FA of 18 March 2016 on the Surveillance of Postal and Telecommunications Traffic, in force since  1 March 2018 (AS 2018 117; BBl 2013 2683). Amended by Annex No II 7 of the Criminal Justice Authorities Act of 19 March 2010, in force since 1 Jan. 2011 (AS 2010 3267; BBl 2008 8125).Art. 279 Notice The public prosecutor shall notify the suspect under surveillance and third parties under surveillance in terms of Article 270 letter b of the reason for and form and duration of the surveillance operation on conclusion of the preliminary proceedings at the latest. With the consent of the compulsory measures court, notice may be deferred or dispensed with if:a. the findings are not used as evidence in court proceedings; andb. deferring or dispensing with notice is necessary to protect overriding public or private interests. Persons whose post or telecommunications have been under surveillance or who have used a postal address or telecommunications service that has been under surveillance may file an objection under Articles 393–397. The period for filing the objection begins on receipt of the notice. Amended by Annex No II 1 of the FA of 18 March 2016 on the Surveillance of Postal and Telecommunications Traffic, in force since 1 March 2018 (AS 2018 117; BBl 2013 2683).Section 2 Surveillance using Technical Surveillance DevicesArt. 280 Permitted useThe public prosecutor may use technical surveillance devices in order to:a. listen to or record words spoken in private;b. observe or record events in private or not generally accessible places;c. establish the whereabouts of persons or property.Art. 281 Requirements and conduct Devices may only be used in relation to a suspect. Premises or vehicles of third parties may only be monitored if there is reason to believe on the basis of specific information that a suspect is present on those premises or using that vehicle. Use of devices may not be ordered in order to:a. record as evidence in court proceedings events involving an accused who is in custody;b. monitor premises or vehicles of a third party who belongs to one of the professions mentioned in Articles 170–173. The use of technical surveillance devices is otherwise governed by Articles 269–279.Section 3 ObservationArt. 282 Requirements The public prosecutor and, in the enquiries, the police may covertly observe persons and property in generally accessible locations and make image or sound recordings while doing so if:a. there is reason to believe on the basis of specific information that felonies or misdemeanours have been committed; andb. the enquiries would otherwise have no prospect of success or be made unreasonably complicated. Where observation activities ordered by the police have been conducted for one month, their continuation requires authorisation by the public prosecutor.Art. 283 Notice The public prosecutor shall notify the persons directly concerned by observation activities of the reason for and form and duration of the observation activities on conclusion of the preliminary proceedings at the latest. Notice may be deferred or dispensed with if:a. the findings are not used as evidence in court proceedings; andb. deferring or dispensing with notice is necessary to protect overriding public or private interests.Section 4 Surveillance of Banking TransactionsArt. 284 PrincipleIn order to investigate felonies or misdemeanours, the compulsory measures court may, at the request of the public prosecutor, order the surveillance of transactions between a suspect and a bank or bank-type institution.Art. 285 Conduct If the compulsory measures court authorises the application, it shall issue the bank or bank-type institution with written instruction on:a. the information and documents to be providedb. the secrecy measures to be taken. The bank or bank-type institution is not required to provide information or documents if in doing so it would incriminate itself to the extent that:a. it could be convicted of a criminal offence; orb. it could be held liable under civil law and if the interest to be protected outweighs the interest in prosecution. The account holder shall be notified of the measure after it has been carried out in accordance with of Article 279 paragraphs 1 and 2. Persons whose banking transactions have been monitored may file an objection in accordance with Articles 393–397. The period for filing the objection begins on receipt of the notice.Section 5 Undercover Investigations Originally before Art. 286.Art. 285a DefinitionIn an undercover investigation, police officers or persons temporarily appointed to carry out police duties make contact with persons under false pretences by using a false identity (cover) supported by documents with the aim of gaining the trust of those persons and infiltrating a criminal environment in order to investigate particularly serious offences. Inserted by No I of the FA of 14 Dec. 2012 on Undercover Investigations and Enquiries, in force since 1 May 2013 (AS 2013 1051; BBl 2012 5591 5609).Art. 286 Requirements The public prosecutor may order an undercover investigation if:a. it is suspected that an offence listed in paragraph 2 has been committed;b. the seriousness of the offence justifies the covert investigation; andc. previous investigative activities have been unsuccessful or the enquiries would otherwise have no prospect of success or be made unreasonably complicated. An undercover investigation is permitted in respect of offences under the following Articles:a. SCC: Articles 111–113, 122, 124, 129, 135, 138–140, 143 paragraph 1, 144 paragraph 3, 144 number 1 paragraph 2 and number 2 paragraph 2, 146 paragraphs 1 and 2, 147 paragraphs 1 and 2, 148, 156, 160, 182–185, 187, 188, 189, 191, 193, 193a, 195, 196, 197 paragraphs 3–5, 221 paragraphs 1 and 2, 223 number 1, 224 paragraph 1, 226, 226, 227 number 1 paragraph 1, 228 number 1 paragraph 1, 230, 231 number 1, 232 number 1, 233 number 1, 234 paragraph 1, 237 number 1, 240 paragraph 1, 242, 244 paragraph 2, 251 number 1, 260–260, 264–267, 271, 272 number 2, 273, 274 number 1 paragraph 2, 301, 305 number 2, 310, 322, 322 and 322;b. Foreign Nationals and Integration Act of 16. December 2005: Articles 116 paragraph 3 and 118 paragraph 3;c. Federal Act of 22. June 2001 on the Hague Convention on Adoption and on Measures to Protect Children in International Adoption Cases: Article 24;d. War Material Act of 13 December 1996: Articles 33 paragraph 2 and 34–35b;e. Nuclear Energy Act of 21 March 2003: Articles 88 paragraphs 1 and 2, 89 paragraphs 1 and 2 and 90 paragraph 1;f. NarcA: Articles 19 number 1 second sentence and number 2, and 20 number 1 second sentence;g. Goods Control Act of 13 December 1996: Article 14 paragraph 2;h. Sport Promotion Act of 17 June 2011: Articles 22 paragraph 2 and 25a paragraph 3;i. Weapons Act of 20 June 1997: Article 33 paragraph 3;j. Medicinal Products Act of 15 December 2000: Article 86 paragraphs 2 and 3;k. Gambling Act of 29 September 2017: Article 130 paragraph 2 for the offences under Article 130 paragraph 1 letter a;l. Intelligence Service Act of 25 September 2015: Article 74 paragraph 4. If the adjudication an offence subject to military jurisdiction is assigned to the jurisdiction of the civil courts, an undercover investigation may also be ordered in respect of offences under Article 70 paragraph 2 of the Military Criminal Procedure Code of 23 March 1979. Amended by Annex No 2 of the FA of 16 June 2023 on a Revision of the Law on Sex Offences, in force since 1 July 2024 (AS 2024 27; BBl 2018 2827; 2022 687, 1011). SR 311.0 Amended by Annex No II 7 of the Criminal Justice Authorities Act of 19 March 2010, in force since 1 Jan. 2011 (AS 2010 3267; BBl 2008 8125). SR 142.20 SR 211.221.31 Amended by No II of the FA of 16 March 2012, in force since 1 Feb. 2013  (AS 2013 295;  BBl 2011 5905). SR 514.51 SR 732.1 Amended by No I of the FA of 17 June 2022, in force since 1 Jan. 2024  (AS 2023 468; BBl 2019 6697). SR 812.121 SR 946.202 Inserted by Art. 34 No 2 of the Sport Promotion Act of 17 June 2012 (AS 2012 3953; BBl 2009 8189). Amended by Annex No II 2 of the Gambling Act of 29 Sept. 2017, in force since 1 Jan. 2019 (AS 2018 5103; BBl 2015 8387). SR 415.0 Inserted by Annex No II 1 of the FA of 18 March 2016 on the Surveillance of Postal and Telecommunications Traffic, in force since 1 March 2018 (AS 2018 117; BBl 2013 2683). SR 514.54 Inserted by Annex No 1 of the FD of 29 Sept. 2017 (Medicrime Convention), in force since 1 Jan. 2019 (AS 2018 4771; BBl 2017 3135). SR 812.21 Inserted by Annex No II 2 of the Gambling Act of 29 Sept. 2017, in force since  1 Jan. 2019 (AS 2018 5103; BBl 2015 8387). SR 935.51 Inserted by Annex No II 3 of the FedD of 25 Sept. 2020 on the Approval and Implementation of the Council of Europe Convention on the Prevention of Terrorism and its Additional Protocol and the Strengthening of Criminal Justice Instruments for combating Terrorism and Organised Crime, in force since 1 July 2021 (AS 2021 360; BBl 2018 6427). SR 121 SR 322.1Art. 287 Requirements for the persons deployed The following persons may be deployed as undercover investigators:a. members of a Swiss or foreign police force;b. persons employed temporarily on police duties even if they have not received police training. Only members of a police force may be deployed as command staff. If members of a foreign police force are deployed, they are normally led by their regular commander.Art. 288 Cover and guarantee of anonymity The police shall provide undercover investigators with a cover. The public prosecutor may guarantee to undercover investigators that their true identity will not be revealed even if they appear in court proceedings as a person providing information or as a witness. It may guarantee to undercover investigators that their true identity will not be disclosed even if they appear in court proceedings as persons providing information or witnesses. If undercover investigators commit an offence while deployed, the compulsory measures court shall decide on the identity under which criminal proceedings are brought. Amended by No I of the FA of 14 Dec. 2012 on Undercover Investigations and Enquiries, in force since 1 May 2013 (AS 2013 1051; BBl 2012 5591 5609). Amended by No I of the FA of 14 Dec. 2012 on Undercover Investigations and Enquiries, in force since 1 May 2013 (AS 2013 1051; BBl 2012 5591 5609).Art. 289 Authorisation procedure The deployment of an undercover investigator requires the authorisation of the compulsory measures court. The public prosecutor shall submit the following documents to the compulsory measures court within 24 hours of ordering the undercover investigation:a. the order;b. a statement of the reasons and the case documents relevant for authorisation. The compulsory measures court shall decide and provide a brief statement of the reasons within 5 days of the undercover investigation being ordered. It may grant authorisation subject to a time limit or other conditions, or request further information or investigations. The authorisation shall expressly state whether it is permitted:a. to produce or alter official documents in order to create or maintain a cover;b. to guarantee anonymity;c. to deploy persons with no police training. The compulsory measures court shall grant authorisation for a maximum of 12 months. Authorisation may be extended on one or more occasions for a maximum of 6 months at a time. If an extension is required, the public prosecutor shall file an application for the extension, stating the reasons therefor, before expiry of the current authorisation. If authorisation is not granted or no authorisation has been obtained, the public prosecutor shall terminate deployment immediately. All records must be destroyed immediately. Findings made by means of the undercover investigation may not be used.Art. 290 Briefing before deploymentThe public prosecutor shall brief the commanding officer and the undercover investigator before deployment.Art. 291 Commanding officer During deployment, the undercover investigator is subject to the direct instructions of the commanding officer. During deployment, any contact between the public prosecutor and the undercover investigator shall take place exclusively via the commanding officer. The commanding officer has the following duties in particular:a. he or she shall brief the undercover investigator in detail and continuously on the assignment and powers and on how to deal with the cover story.b. he or she shall instruct and advise the undercover investigator and continually assess the risk situation.c. he or she shall keep a written record of oral reports made by the undercover investigator and a full dossier on the operation.d. he or she shall inform the public prosecutor regularly and in full on the operation.Art. 292 Duties of undercover investigators Undercover investigators shall carry out their operation in accordance their duties and in line with their instructions. They shall report to their commanding officer regularly and in full on their activities and their findings.Art. 293 Scope of influence permitted Undercover investigators may not generally encourage others to commit offences or incite persons already willing to commit offences to commit more serious offences. They must limit their activities to substantiating an existing decision to commit an offence. Their activities may only be of minor significance in the decision to commit a specific offence. If required in order to bring about the main transaction, they may make trial purchases or provide evidence of their ability to pay. If the undercover investigator exceeds the remit of the authorised operation, the court must take due account of this in assessing the sentence imposed on the person subject to the investigator's influence, or may dispense with imposing any sentence.Art. 294 No criminal liabilityProvided undercover investigators are acting in the course of an authorised undercover investigation, they shall not be held criminally liable under the following provisions:a. in relation to the prosecution of pornography involving minors or sexual acts with minors: under Article 197 paragraphs 4 and 5 SCC, provided the items or performances do not contain genuine sexual acts with minors;b. in relation to the prosecution of offences under the NarcA: under Articles 19 and 20–22 NarcA. Amended by No I of the FA of 17 June 2022, in force since 1 Jan. 2024  (AS 2023 468; BBl 2019 6697). SR 311.0 SR 812.121Art. 295 Money for simulated transactions At the request of the public prosecutor, the Confederation may provide sums of money via the National Bank in the required amounts, forms and denominations for the purpose of simulated transactions and to provide evidence of an ability to pay. The request must be submitted to the Federal Office of Police together with a summary of the facts of the case. The public prosecutor shall take the precautions required to protect the money provided. In the event of loss, the Confederation or the canton to which public prosecutor belongs is liable.Art. 296 Accidental finds Where evidence of an offence other than that named in the investigation order comes to light in the course of an undercover investigation, the evidence may be used provided the ordering of a covert investigation would have been permitted in order to investigate the offence newly disclosed. The public prosecutor shall order an undercover investigation immediately and begin the authorisation procedure.Art. 297 Conclusion of the operation The public prosecutor shall terminate the operation immediately if:a. the requirements are no longer met;b. authorisation or an extension thereof is refused; orc. the undercover investigator or the commanding officer fails to follow instructions or fails to carry out his or her duties in some other way, in particular by wilfully providing false information to the public prosecutor. In cases under paragraph 1 letters a and c, the public prosecutor shall notify the compulsory measures court of the termination of the operation. When terminating an operation, it must be ensured that neither the undercover investigator nor any third parties involved in the investigation are exposed to any avoidable risks.Art. 298 Notice The public prosecutor shall give notice to the accused at the latest on conclusion of the preliminary proceedings that he or she has been the subject of an undercover investigation. Notice may be deferred or dispensed with, subject to the consent of the compulsory measures court, if:a. the findings are not used as evidence; andb. deferring or dispensing with notice is necessary to protect overriding public or private interests. Persons who have been the subject of an undercover investigation may file an objection in accordance with Articles 393–397. The period for filing the objection begins on receipt of notice of the investigation.Section 5a Undercover Enquiries Inserted by No I of the FA of 14 Dec. 2012 on Undercover Investigations and Enquiries, in force since 1 May 2013 (AS 2013 1051; BBl 2012 5591 5609).Art. 298a Definition In undercover enquiries, police officers deployed for short periods in such a way that their true identity and function remains concealed attempt to investigate felonies and misdemeanours and to do so enter into or pretend that they wish to enter into fictitious transactions. Undercover agents are not provided with a cover within the meaning of Article 285a. Their true identity and function are disclosed in the case files and at hearings. Art. 298b Requirements The public prosecutor and, during police enquiries, the police may order undercover enquiries if:a. it is suspected that a felony or misdemeanour has been committed; and b. previous enquiries or investigations have been unsuccessful or the enquiries would otherwise have little prospect of success or would be made disproportionately more complex.  If undercover enquiries ordered by the police have been carried out for one month, the public prosecutor must approve their continuation.Art. 298c Requirements for the persons deployed and conduct Article 287 applies mutatis mutandis to the persons deployed. The deployment of persons in accordance with Article 287 paragraph 1 letter b is not permitted.  Articles 291–294 apply by analogy to the status, duties and obligations of the undercover agents and their commanding officers.Art. 298d Termination and notification The police unit or public prosecutor responsible shall terminate the undercover enquiries immediately if: a. the requirements therefor are no longer met;b. public prosecutor fails to approve the continuation of enquiries ordered by the police; orc. the undercover agent or commanding officer does not follow instruction or fails to fulfil his or her obligations in another way, in particular by providing the public prosecutor with false information or attempting to influence the target person in an unlawful manner. The police shall notify the public prosecutor of the termination of undercover enquiries.  When terminating undercover enquiries, care should be taken to ensure that the undercover agent is not exposed to any avoidable risk.  Notification of undercover enquiries is governed by Article 298 paragraphs 1 and 3 mutatis mutandis.Title 6 Preliminary ProceedingsChapter 1 General ProvisionsArt. 299 Definition and purpose The preliminary proceedings comprise the police enquiries and the investigation by the public prosecutor. In the preliminary proceedings, based on the suspicion that an offence has been committed, enquiries shall be carried out and evidence gathered in order to establish whether:a. a summary penalty order should be issued to the accused;b. charges should be brought against the accused;c. the proceedings should be abandoned.Art. 300 Commencement Preliminary proceedings commence when:a. enquiries are begun by the police;b. an investigation is opened by the public prosecutor. The commencement of preliminary proceedings may not be contested unless the accused claims it constitutes a violation of the rule against double jeopardy.Art. 301 Right to report an offence Any person is entitled to report an offence to a criminal justice authority in writing or orally. The person filing the report may request the criminal justice authority to provide confirmation of a report made orally on record. The criminal justice authority shall if requested notify the person making the report of whether criminal proceedings are being commenced and how they are proceeding. A person making a report who has neither suffered loss nor injury nor is a private claimant has no further procedural rights. Inserted by No I of the FA of 17 June 2022, in force since 1 Jan. 2024  (AS 2023 468; BBl 2019 6697).Art. 302 Duty to report The criminal justice authorities are obliged to report to the competent authority all offences that have come to light or that have been reported to them in the course of their official activities, unless they themselves are responsible for prosecuting the offence. The Confederation and the cantons shall regulate the duty to report of members of other authorities. The duty to report ceases to apply for persons who have the right to remain silent or to refuse to testify in accordance with Articles 113 paragraph 1, 168, 169 and 180 paragraph 1.Art. 303 Offences prosecuted on complaint or with official authorisation In the case of offences that are prosecuted only on complaint or with official authorisation, preliminary proceedings shall be commenced only if a criminal complaint has been made or authorisation granted. The competent authority may act to secure evidence beforehand where this cannot be delayed.Art. 303a Provision of security in the case of offences against personal honour In the case of offences against personal honour, the public prosecutor may require the complainant to provide security for possible costs and compensation with a certain period. If security is not provided within this period, the criminal complaint is deemed to be withdrawn. Inserted by No I of the FA of 17 June 2022, in force since 1 Jan. 2024  (AS 2023 468; BBl 2019 6697).Art. 304 Form of the criminal complaint A criminal complaint must be submitted in writing or made orally and noted down in an official record. It must be made to the police, the public prosecutor or the authority responsible for prosecuting contraventions. Where a person waives the right to file a complaint or withdraws a complaint, the same form is required.Art. 305 Information and referral for the victim The police and the public prosecutor shall inform the victim in full at their first examination hearing of his or her rights and obligations in the criminal proceedings. They shall at the same time inform the victim of:a. the addresses and services provided by victim counselling services;b. the possibility of claiming various victim support benefits;c. the time limit for the filing claims for compensation and satisfaction;d. the right under Article 92a SCC to request information on the decisions and circumstances of the execution of penalties and measure in relation to the offender. If the victim agrees, they shall pass his or her name and address on to a counselling service. Paragraphs 1–3 also apply mutatis mutandis to the relatives of the victim. Confirmation that the provisions this Article have been complied with must be recorded in the case file. Amended by Annex No II 7 of the Criminal Justice Authorities Act of 19 March 2010, in force since 1 Jan. 2011 (AS 2010 3267; BBl 2008 8125). Amended by No I 3 of the FA of 26 Sept. 2014 on Victims’ Right to Information, in force since 1 Jan. 2016 (AS 2015 1623; BBl 2014 889 913). Amended by No I 3 of the FA of 26 Sept. 2014 on Victims’ Right to Information, in force since 1 Jan. 2016 (AS 2015 1623; BBl 2014 889 913). Inserted by No I 3 of the FA of 26 Sept. 2014 on Victims’ Right to Information, in force since 1 Jan. 2016 (AS 2015 1623; BBl 2014 889 913).Chapter 2 Police EnquiriesArt. 306 Duties of the police The police shall in the course of their enquiries establish the facts relevant to an offence on the basis of reports, instructions from the public prosecutor or their findings. They must in particular:a. secure and evaluate forensic and other evidence;b. identify and interview persons suffering harm and suspects;c. if necessary, stop and arrest or attempt to trace suspects. Their activities are governed by the regulations on investigations, evidence and compulsory measures, subject to the special provisions of this Code.Art. 307 Cooperation with the public prosecutor The police shall inform the public prosecutor immediately of serious offences and other serious incidents. The federal and cantonal public prosecutors may issue more detailed provisions on this duty to provide information. The public prosecutor may issue instructions and assignments to the police at any time or take over the conduct of the proceedings. In the cases under paragraph 1, it shall if possible conduct the first essential examination hearings itself. The police shall record all their findings and the measures they have taken in written reports and pass these on conclusion of their enquiries together with the reports of offences, transcripts of examination hearings, other files and property and assets that have been seized directly to the public prosecutor. They may dispense with making a report if:a. there is clearly no need for the public prosecutor to take further proceedings; andb. no compulsory measures or other formal enquiries have been carried out.Chapter 3 Investigation by the Public ProsecutorSection 1 Duties of the Public ProsecutorArt. 308 Definition and purpose of the investigation In the investigation, the public prosecutor shall clarify the factual and legal aspects of the case in order that it may conclude the preliminary proceedings. If it is anticipated that charges will be brought or a summary penalty order issued, it shall clarify the personal circumstances of the accused. If charges are to be brought, the investigation must provide the court with the basic information required to assess the guilt of the accused and to impose a sentence.Art. 309 Opening the investigation The public prosecutor shall open an investigation if:a. there is a reasonable suspicion that an offence has been committed based on the information and reports from the police, the complaint or its own findings;b. it intends to order compulsory measures;c. it has received information from the police in terms of Article 307 paragraph 1. It may return police reports and criminal complaints that do not contain clear indications that an offence has been committed to the police so that they may carry out additional enquiries. It shall open the investigation by issuing a ruling in which it shall name the accused and the offence that he or she is suspected of committing. The ruling need not contain a statement of reasons or be made public. It is non-contestable. The public prosecutor may not open an investigation if it immediately issues a no-proceedings order or a summary penalty order.Art. 310 No-proceedings order The public prosecutor shall rule that no proceedings be taken as soon as it is established on the basis of the complaint or the police report that:a. the elements of the offence concerned or the procedural requirements have clearly not been fulfilled;b. there are procedural impediments;c. there should be no prosecution for the reasons stated in Article 8. The procedure is otherwise governed by the provisions on abandoning proceedings.Section 2 Conduct of the InvestigationArt. 311 Gathering of evidence and extending the investigation The public prosecutors shall gather the evidence themselves. The Confederation and the cantons shall decide on the extent to which they may delegate specific investigative activities to their staff. The public prosecutor may extend the investigation to include additional persons or offences. Article 309 paragraph 3 applies.Art. 312 Assignments given by the public prosecutor to the police The public prosecutor may instruct the police to carry out additional enquiries after the investigation has been opened. It shall issue written instructions, or in cases of urgency oral instructions, that limit the enquiries to clearly defined issues. In the case of examination hearings carried out by the police on behalf of the public prosecutor, the persons involved in the proceedings have the procedural rights that they would be accorded in the case of examination hearings by the public prosecutor.Art. 313 Taking evidence for civil claims The public prosecutor shall gather the evidence required to assess the civil claim provided the proceedings are not unduly extended or delayed thereby. It may the make the gathering of evidence that primarily serves to further the civil claim conditional on an advance payment by the private claimant to cover costs.Art. 314 Suspension The public prosecutor may suspend an investigation, in particular if:a. the identity of the offender or his or her whereabouts is unknown is or there are other temporary procedural impediments;b. the outcome of the criminal proceedings depends on other proceedings and it seems appropriate to await their conclusion;c. private settlement proceedings are ongoing and it seems appropriate to await their outcome;d. a decision on the substance of the case depends on how the consequences of the offence develop. In the case of paragraph 1 letter c, the period of suspension shall be limited to 3 months; it may be extended on one occasion by a further 3 months. Before suspending proceedings, the public prosecutor shall gather any evidence that is at risk of being lost. If the identity of the offender or his or her whereabouts is unknown, it shall order that he or she be traced. The public prosecutor shall give notice of the suspension to the accused, the private claimant and the victims. The procedure is otherwise governed by the provisions on the abandonment of proceedings.Art. 315 Resumption of proceedings The public prosecutor shall resume a suspended investigation ex officio if the grounds for suspension no longer apply. A decision to resume proceedings may not be contested.Section 3 Private SettlementsArt. 316 Where the proceedings relate to an offence that is prosecuted only on complaint, the public prosecutor may summon the complainant and the accused to a hearing with the aim of achieving a settlement. If the complainant fails to attend, the complaint is deemed to have been withdrawn. If consideration is being given to an exemption from any penalty because reparation has been made in accordance with Article 53 SCC, the public prosecutor shall invite the person suffering harm and the accused to a hearing with the aim of agreeing on reparation. If an agreement is reached, this shall be placed on record and signed by those involved. The public prosecutor shall then abandon the proceedings. If the accused fails to attend a hearing in accordance with paragraphs 1 or 2 or if no agreement is reached, the public prosecutor shall immediately proceed with the investigation. In cases where it is justified, it may require the complainant to provide security for costs and compensation within ten days. SR 311.0Section 4 Conclusion of the InvestigationArt. 317 Final examination hearingIn extensive and complex preliminary proceedings, the public prosecutor shall question the accused again in a final examination hearing before concluding the investigation and request the accused to comment on the findings.Art. 318 Conclusion If the public prosecutor regards the investigation as completed, it shall issue a summary penalty order or give written notice to those parties whose address is known of the imminent conclusion of the investigation and inform them whether it is intended to bring charges or abandon the proceedings. At the same time, it shall allow the parties a period within which to submit requests for further evidence to be taken. It shall give written notice to persons suffering harm whose address is known but who have not yet been informed of their rights that it intends to conclude the proceedings by issuing a summary penalty order, bringing charges or abandoning the proceedings, and allow them a period within which they may give notice that they wish to become a private claimant and request that evidence be taken. It may reject requests for further evidence to be taken only if the evidence involves matters that are irrelevant, obvious, known to the criminal justice authority or already satisfactorily proven in legal terms. The decision shall be issued in writing and with a brief statement of the grounds. Requests for further evidence to be taken that are refused may be made again in the main proceedings. Notice in accordance with paragraphs 1 and 1 and decisions in accordance with paragraph 2 are non-contestable. Inserted by No I of the FA of 17 June 2022, in force since 1 Jan. 2024  (AS 2023 468; BBl 2019 6697). Amended by No I of the FA of 17 June 2022, in force since 1 Jan. 2024  (AS 2023 468; BBl 2019 6697).Chapter 4 Abandoning Proceedings and Bringing ChargesSection 1 Abandoning ProceedingsArt. 319 Grounds The public prosecutor shall order the complete or partial abandonment of the proceedings if:a. no suspicions are substantiated that justify bringing charges;b. the conduct does not fulfil the elements of an offence;c. grounds justifying the conduct mean that it does not constitute an offence;d. it is impossible to fulfil the procedural requirements or procedural impediments have arisen;e. a statutory regulation applies that permit the public prosecutor to dispense with bringing charges or imposing a penalty. It may also abandon the proceedings by way of exception if:a. this is essential in the interests of a victim who was under the age of 18 at the time of the offence and this interest clearly overrides the interest of the state in a prosecution; andb. the victim or in the event that the victim lacks legal capacity, his or her legal agent consents to the abandonment.Art. 320 Ruling abandoning proceedings The form and general content of the ruling abandoning proceedings are governed by Articles 80 and 81. The public prosecutor shall revoke existing compulsory measures in the ruling abandoning proceedings. It may order the forfeiture of property and assets. Civil claims are not addressed in the ruling abandoning proceedings. A private claimant may take civil action after the ruling becomes legally binding. A legally binding ruling abandoning proceedings is equivalent to a final verdict of acquittal.Art. 321 Notice The public prosecutor shall give notice of the ruling abandoning proceedings to:a. the parties;b. the victim;c. the other persons involved in the proceedings affected by the ruling;d. any other authorities designated by the cantons provided they have a right of appeal. The foregoing is subject to the express waiver of any person involved in the proceedings. Articles 84–88 are otherwise applicable mutatis mutandis.Art. 322 Approval and rights of appeal The Confederation and the cantons may stipulate that the ruling abandoning proceedings be approved by the Office of the Chief Cantonal Prosecutor. The parties may contest the ruling abandoning proceedings with the objections court within 10 days. If the ruling abandoning proceedings includes a decision on forfeiture, a rejection may be filed against that decision. The rejection procedure is governed by the provisions on summary penalty orders. A court decision shall be issued in the form of a decree or a ruling. Inserted by No I of the FA of 17 June 2022, in force since 1 Jan. 2024  (AS 2023 468; BBl 2019 6697).Art. 323 Reopening of proceedings The public prosecutor shall order the reopening of proceedings that have been abandoned by a legally-binding ruling if it obtains new evidence or information that:a. indicates that the accused is guilty of a criminal offence; andb. does not result from the previous files. It shall give notice of the reopening of proceedings to the persons and authorities that previously received notice of the abandonment.Section 2 Bringing ChargesArt. 324 Principles The public prosecutor shall bring charges in the competent court if, based on the results of the investigation, it regards the grounds for suspicion as sufficient and it is not competent to issue a summary penalty order. The bringing of charges is non-contestable.Art. 325 Content of the indictment The indictment shall indicate:a. the place and the date;b. the public prosecutor bringing the charges;c. the court competent to hear the charges;d. the accused and his or her defence lawyer;e. the person suffering harm;f. as briefly but precisely as possible: the acts that the accused is alleged to have committed with details of the locus, date, time, nature and consequences of their commission;g. the offences that are in the opinion of the public prosecutor constituted by these acts with details of the applicable statutory provisions. The public prosecutor may bring alternative charges or secondary charges for the event that the main charges are dismissed.Art. 326 Further information and applications The public prosecutor shall provide the court with the following details and make the following applications unless they are already included in the indictment:a. the private claimant and any civil claims;b. the compulsory measures ordered;c. the seized property and assets;d. the costs incurred in the investigation;e. if deemed necessary, its application for preventive detention;f. its applications for sanctions or notice that these applications will be made at the trial;g. its applications for subsequent judicial decisions;h. its request to receive a summons to the trial. If the public prosecutor is not personally represented in court, it may attach a final report to the indictment that explains the circumstances of the case, which also contains comments on the assessment of evidence.Art. 327 Service of the indictment The public prosecutor shall immediately serve the indictment together with any final report:a. on the accused, provided his or her whereabouts is known;b. on the private claimant;c. on the victim;d. on the competent court, together with the files and the seized property and assets. If the public prosecutor applies for an order of preventive detention, when filing the relevant application, it shall also serve a copy of the indictment on the compulsory measures court.Title 7 Main Proceedings of First InstanceChapter 1  Pending Status, Preparation for the Trial, General Provisions on the TrialArt. 328 Pending status On receipt of the indictment, the proceedings become pending before the court. When the proceedings become pending, authority over the proceedings passes to the court.Art. 329 Examination of the indictment; suspension and abandonment of the proceedings The director of proceedings shall examine whether:a. the indictment and the files have been presented in the proper manner;b. the procedural requirements are fulfilled;c. there are any procedural impediments. If it is determined in this examination or later in the proceedings that a judgment cannot be issued at this time, the court shall suspend the proceedings. If required, it shall return the indictment to the public prosecutor for amendment or correction. The court shall decide whether a suspended case remains pending before it. If it is permanently impossible to issue a judgment, the court shall abandon the proceedings after granting the parties and other third parties adversely affected by abandonment the right to a fair hearing. Article 320 applies mutatis mutandis. If the proceedings are only abandoned in relation to specific charges on the indictment abandoned, the abandonment order may be issued with the judgment.Art. 330 Preparation for the trial If the charges are to be considered, the director of proceedings shall immediately issue the orders required for the trial to be conducted. In the case of courts with a panel of judges, the director of proceedings shall circulate the files. The director of proceedings shall inform the victim of his or her rights, unless the prosecution authorities have already done so; Article 305 applies mutatis mutandis.Art. 331 Scheduling the trial The director of proceedings shall decide on the evidence that may be taken at the trial. He or she shall notify the parties of the composition of the court and what evidence is to be presented. The director of proceedings shall at the same time set a deadline within which the parties must submit and justify requests for further evidence to be taken; when doing so, he or she shall notify the parties of the potential effect on costs and compensation of delayed requests for further evidence to be taken. He or she shall set the same deadline for the private claimants in order to quantify and justify their civil claim. If the director of proceedings rejects a request for further evidence to be taken, he or she shall notify the parties of this and give a brief statement of the grounds. Rejection is non-contestable, but rejected requests for further evidence to be taken may be submitted again at the trial. The director of proceedings shall fix a date, time and place for the trial and summon the parties, together with the witnesses, persons providing information and expert witnesses who are to be questioned. He or she shall make a final decision on applications for postponement that are submitted before the start of the trial. Second sentence inserted by No I of the FA of 17 June 2022, in force since 1 Jan. 2024  (AS 2023 468; BBl 2019 6697).Art. 332 Preliminary hearings The director of proceedings may summon the parties to a preliminary hearing in order to settle organisational issues. The director of proceedings may summon the parties to discuss a private settlement in accordance with Article 316. If it is expected that it will not be possible to take certain evidence in the trial, the director of proceedings may take that evidence prior to the trial, entrust the task to a delegate of the court or in cases of urgency to the public prosecutor, or arrange for the evidence to be taken through mutual assistance procedures. The parties shall be given the opportunity to participate if evidence is taken in this way.Art. 333 Amending and adding charges The court shall allow the public prosecutor the opportunity to amend the charges if in its view the circumstances outlined in the indictment could constitute a different offence but the indictment does not meet the statutory requirements. If further offences by the accused come to light during the main proceedings, the court may permit the public prosecutor to add charges to the indictment. Additions are not permitted if the proceedings would be made unduly complex or this would affect the jurisdiction of the court or if a case involves co-offending or participation. In these cases, the public prosecutor shall commence preliminary proceedings. The court may only base its judgment on a charge that has been amended or added to if the party rights of the accused and the private claimant have been observed. If necessary, it shall adjourn the trial.Art. 334 Transfer If the court concludes that in proceedings pending before it a sentence or measure must be considered that exceeds its competence, it shall transfer the case at the latest following the party submissions to the competent court. This court shall conduct its own procedure for taking evidence. The decision to transfer the case to another court is non-contestable.Chapter 2 Conduct of the TrialSection 1 Court and Persons involved in the ProceedingsArt. 335 Composition of the court The court shall sit for the entire duration of the trial in the composition required by law and in the presence of a clerk of court. If a judge becomes unable to attend during the trial, the entire trial shall be held again unless the parties waive this requirement. The director of proceedings may order that from the outset a substitute member of the court participates in the hearing in order to replace a member of the court if necessary. If the court is hearing a case involving sexual offences, if so requested by the victim at least one of its members must be of the same gender as the victim. Where the court comprises one judge sitting alone, this rule need not be applied if the case involves victims of both genders.Art. 336 Accused, duty defence lawyer and mandatory defence lawyer The accused must attend the trial in person if:a. the case involves a felony or misdemeanour; orb. the director of proceedings orders a personal appearance. Duty defence lawyers and the mandatory defence lawyers must attend the trial in person. The director of proceedings may dispense with the requirement for the accused to attend in person at the accused's request if the accused shows good cause and his or her presence is not required. If the accused fails to attend without being excused, the regulations on proceedings in absentia apply. If a duty defence lawyer or mandatory defence lawyer fails to attend, the hearing shall be postponed.Art. 337 Public prosecutor The public prosecutor may submit written applications to the court or be represented by a prosecutor in court. It is neither bound by the legal assessment nor by the applications set out in the indictment. If it requests a custodial sentence of more than one year or a custodial measure, it must be represented in court by a prosecutor. The director of proceedings may require the public prosecutor to be represented by a prosecutor in other cases if he or she regards it as necessary. If the public prosecutor is not present at the trial, despite being required to be represented, the trial shall be postponed.Art. 338 Private claimant and third parties The director of proceedings may dispense with the requirements for a private claimant to attend at the claimant's request if his or her presence is not required. A third party affected by an application for forfeiture is not required to appear in person. If a private claimant or a third party affected by an application for forfeiture does not appear in person, he or she may be represented or submit written applications.Section 2 Commencement of the TrialArt. 339 Opening; Preliminary and supplementary issues The director of proceedings shall open the trial, announce the composition of the court and establish whether the persons summoned are present. The court and the parties may then raise preliminary issues in particular relating to:a. the competence of the charge;b. procedural requirements;c. procedural impediments;d. the files and the evidence taken;e. the admission of the public to the hearing;f. the division of the hearing. The court decides immediately on the preliminary issues after granting the parties present the right to a fair hearing. If the parties raise supplementary issues during the trial, the court shall deal with these in the same way as preliminary issues. The court may adjourn the trial at any time in order to deal with preliminary or supplementary issues, and to add to or have the public prosecutor add to the files or the evidence.Art. 340 Continuation of the hearing The fact that any preliminary issues have been dealt with has the following consequences:a. the trial must be conducted to its completion without unnecessary interruptions;b. the charge may no longer be withdrawn and, subject to Article 333, may no longer be amended;c. parties required to attend may only leave the venue for the hearing with the consent of the court; if a party leaves the venue for the hearing, the hearing shall nevertheless continue. After any preliminary issues have been dealt with, the director of proceedings shall announce the applications made by the public prosecutor, unless the parties dispense with this requirement.Section 3 Procedure for Taking EvidenceArt. 341 Examination hearings The director of proceedings or a member of the court that they have appointed shall conduct the examination hearings. The other members of the court and the parties may request the director of proceedings to ask supplementary questions or request their authorisation to ask them themselves. At the start of the beginning of the procedure for taking evidence, the director of proceedings shall question the accused in detail on his or her personal circumstances, on the charge and on the results of the preliminary proceedings.Art. 342 Division of the trial At the request of the accused or the public prosecutor or ex officio, the trial may be divided into two parts; in this event, it may be stipulated that:a. in the first part of the proceedings only the offence and the issue of the accused's guilt will be considered, and that in the second the consequences of conviction or acquittal shall be considered; orb. in the first part of the proceedings only the offence will be considered and in the second the issue of the accused's guilt together with the consequences of conviction or acquittal will be considered. The following are responsible for the decision:a. until the trial is opened: the director of proceedings;b. after the trial is opened: the court. If the director of proceedings rejects the request for the trial to be divided into two parts, he or she shall notify the parties of this and provide a brief statement of the grounds. The request may be filed again at the trial. The decision on the division of the trial is non-contestable. In the event of the division of the proceedings, the personal circumstances of the accused may only be considered in the trial in the event of that the accused is found guilty, unless that the accused's personal circumstances are of significance in assessing the objective facts of the case or the state of mind of the accused. The verdict shall be given following the deliberations, but it may only be contested in conjunction with the entire judgment. Inserted by No I of the FA of 17 June 2022, in force since 1 Jan. 2024  (AS 2023 468; BBl 2019 6697). Inserted by No I of the FA of 17 June 2022, in force since 1 Jan. 2024  (AS 2023 468; BBl 2019 6697).Art. 343 Taking of evidence The court shall take new evidence and add to evidence already taken that is incomplete. It shall take evidence again that was not taken in the proper manner in the preliminary proceedings. It shall take evidence again that was taken in the proper manner in the preliminary proceedings if direct knowledge of the evidence appears necessary in order to reach a decision.Art. 344 Differences in legal assessmentIf the court intends to make an assessment of the legal aspects of the case that differs from that of public prosecutor in the indictment, it shall give notice of this to the parties present and give them the opportunity to comment.Art. 345 Conclusion of the procedure for taking evidenceBefore concluding the procedure for taking evidence, the court shall give the parties the opportunity to submit additional requests for further evidence to be taken.Section 4 Party Submissions and Conclusion of the Party HearingArt. 346 Party submissions On conclusion of the procedure for taking evidence, the parties shall present and justify their applications. The parties shall make their submissions in the following order:a. the public prosecutor;b. the private claimant;c. third parties affected by an application for forfeiture (Art. 69–73 SCC);d. the accused or his or her defence lawyer. The parties have the right to make a second party submission. SR 311.0Art. 347 Conclusion of the party hearing The accused is entitled to have the last word on conclusion of the party submissions. The director of proceedings shall then declare the party hearing closed.Section 5 JudgmentArt. 348 Deliberations on the judgment The court shall retire on conclusion of the party hearing in order to deliberate on the judgment in private. The clerk of court shall participate in an advisory capacity.Art. 349 Additional evidenceIf the court is not yet in a position to issue a judgment in the case, it may decide to take additional evidence and the reopen the party hearing.Art. 350 Latitude in assessing the charge; Basis for the judgment The court is bound by the facts of the case set out in the indictment but not by the legal assessment of the case therein. It shall take account of the evidence taken in the preliminary proceedings and main proceedings.Art. 351 Decision on and notice of the judgment If the court is able to decide on the substance of the charge, it shall reach a verdict, and a decision on the sanctions and other consequences. It shall reach its decision on all points of the judgment by a simple majority. Each member is obliged to vote. It shall give notice of its judgment in accordance with the provisions of Article 84.Title 8 Special ProceduresChapter 1 Summary Penalty Order Procedure, Contravention ProcedureSection 1  Summary Penalty Order ProcedureArt. 352 Requirements If the accused has accepted responsibility for the offence in the preliminary proceedings or if his or her responsibility has otherwise been satisfactorily established, the public prosecutor shall issue a summary penalty order if, having taken account of any suspended sentence or parole order that must be revoked, it regards any of the following sentences as appropriate:a. a fine;b. a monetary penalty of no more than 180 daily penalty units;c. ...d. a custodial sentence of no more than 6 months. Any of these sentences may be combined with a measure in accordance with Articles 66 and 67e–73 SCC. Sentences in accordance with paragraph 1 letters b–d may be combined with each other provided the total sentence imposed corresponds to a custodial sentence of no more than 6 months. A fine may always be combined with any another sentence. Repealed by Annex No 3 of the FA of 19 June 2015 (Amendments to the Law of Criminal Sanctions), with effect from 1 Jan. 2018 (AS 2016 1249; BBl 2012 4721). SR 311.0 Amended by Annex No 5 of the FA of 20 March 2015 (Implementation of Art. 121 para. 3–6 Federal Constitution on the expulsion of foreign nationals convicted of certain criminal offences), in force since 1 Oct. 2016 (AS 2016 2329; BBl 2013 5975).Art. 352a Examination hearingIf it is anticipated that the summary penalty order will involve custodial sentence that must be served immediately, the public prosecutor shall conduct a hearing to examine the accused. Inserted by No I of the FA of 17 June 2022, in force since 1 Jan. 2024  (AS 2023 468; BBl 2019 6697).Art. 353 Content and notice of the summary penalty order The summary penalty order contains:a. the name of the authority issuing the order;b. the name of the accused;c. a description of the act committed by the accused;d. the offence constituted by the act;e. the sanction;f. notice of the revocation of a suspended sanction or of parole with a brief statement of the reasons;f. the date on which any DNA profile created must be deleted;g. the costs and compensation due;h. details of any seized property or assets that are to be released or forfeited;i. reference to the possibility of rejecting the order and the consequences of failing to reject the order;j. place and date of issue;k. the signature of the person issuing the order. The public prosecutor may decide on the civil claims in the summary penalty order procedure provided the accused has accepted the claims or provided:a. the claims may be assessed without taking further evidence; andb. the amount claimed does not exceed 30 000 francs. Immediate written notice of the summary penalty order shall be given to persons and authorities who are entitled to reject the order. Inserted by Annex 1 No 2 of the FA of 17 Dec. 2021, in force since 1 Aug. 2023  (AS 2023 309; BBl 2021 44). Amended by No I of the FA of 17 June 2022, in force since 1 Jan. 2024  (AS 2023 468; BBl 2019 6697).Art. 354 Rejection A written rejection of the summary penalty order may be filed with the public prosecutor within 10 days by:a. the accused;a. the private claimants;b. other affected persons;c. if so provided, the Office of the Attorney General of Switzerland or of the canton in federal or cantonal proceedings respectively. A private claimant may not contest the sanction imposed in a summary penalty order. A rejection other than that made by the accused must be accompanied by a statement of grounds. Unless a valid rejection is filed, the summary penalty order becomes a final judgment. Inserted by No I of the FA of 17 June 2022, in force since 1 Jan. 2024  (AS 2023 468; BBl 2019 6697). Inserted by No I of the FA of 17 June 2022, in force since 1 Jan. 2024  (AS 2023 468; BBl 2019 6697).Art. 355 Procedure for rejection If a rejection is filed, the public prosecutor shall gather the additional evidence required to assess the rejection. If the person filing the rejection fails to attend an examination hearing without an excuse despite being served with a summons, the rejection is deemed to have been withdrawn. After taking the evidence, the public prosecutor shall decide to either:a. stand by the summary penalty order;b. abandon the proceedings;c. issue a new summary penalty order;d. bring charges in the court of first instance.Art. 356 Procedure before the court of first instance If the public prosecutor decides to stand by the summary penalty order, it shall send the files immediately to the court of first instance for the conduct of the main proceedings. The summary penalty order constitutes the indictment. The court of first instance shall decide on the validity of the summary penalty order and its rejection. The rejection may be withdrawn at any time prior to the conclusion of the party submissions. If the person filing the rejection fails to attend the trial without excuse or being represented, the rejection is deemed to have been withdrawn. If the summary penalty order is invalid, the court shall revoke it and refer the case back to the public prosecutor for new preliminary proceedings to be conducted. If the rejection relates only to costs and compensation or other incidental legal orders, so the court shall decide in written proceedings, unless the person filing the rejection expressly requests a hearing. If summary penalty orders have been issued to two or more persons in relation to the same act, Article 392 applies mutatis mutandis.Section 2 Contravention ProceedingsArt. 357 The administrative authorities appointed to prosecute and adjudicate contraventions have the powers of the public prosecutor. The procedure is governed mutatis mutandis by the regulations on the summary penalty order procedure. If elements of the contravention have not been fulfilled, so the authority responsible for prosecuting contraventions shall abandon the proceedings by issuing a ruling with a brief statement of the reasons. If in the view of the authority responsible for prosecuting contraventions the facts of the case constitute a felony or misdemeanour, it shall refer the case to the public prosecutor.Chapter 2 Accelerated ProceedingsArt. 358 Principles At any time prior to bringing charges, the accused may request the public prosecutor to conduct accelerated proceedings provided the accused admits the matters essential to the legal appraisal of the case and recognises, if only in principle, the civil claims. Accelerated proceedings are not an option in cases where the public prosecutor requests a custodial sentence of more than five years.Art. 359 Opening proceedings The decision of the public prosecutor on whether to conduct accelerated proceedings is final. The ruling need not contain a statement of reasons. The public prosecutor shall notify the parties that accelerated proceedings are to be conducted and shall set the private claimant a time limit of 10 days to file civil claims and request the reimbursement of costs incurred in the proceedings.Art. 360 Indictment The indictment shall contain:a. the details required in accordance with Articles 325 and 326;b. details of the sentence;c. details of any measures;d. instructions related to the imposition of a suspended sentence;e. the revocation of suspended sentences or parole;f. the arrangements made with regard to the civil claims filed by the private claimant;g. the details on costs and compensation;h. notice to the parties that by consenting to the indictment, they waive their rights to ordinary proceedings and their rights of appeal. The public prosecutor shall serve the indictment on the parties. The parties must declare within ten days whether they consent to the indictment or not. Consent is irrevocable. If a private claimant fails to give written notice rejecting the indictment within the deadline set, he or she is deemed to have consented to it. If the parties consent, the public prosecutor shall pass the indictment with the files to the court of first instance. If any party rejects the indictment, the public prosecutor shall conduct ordinary preliminary proceedings.Art. 361 Trial The court of first instance shall conduct a trial. At the trial, the court shall question the accused and establish whether:a. he or she admits the matters on which the charges are based; andb. this admission corresponds to the circumstances set out in the files. If necessary, the court shall also question other parties present. No procedure for taking evidence shall be conducted.Art. 362 Judgment or rejection of application The court shall be free to decide whether:a. the conduct of accelerated proceedings is lawful and reasonable;b. the indictment is consistent with the outcome of the trial and with the files; andc. the requested sanctions are equitable. If the requirements for a judgment in the accelerated proceedings are fulfilled, the court shall issue a judgment that sets out the offences, sanctions and civil claims contained in the indictment, together with a brief statement of reasons for the fulfilment of the requirements for the accelerated proceedings. If the requirements for a judgment in the accelerated proceedings are not fulfilled, the court shall return the files to the public prosecutor so that ordinary preliminary proceedings may be conducted. The court shall give notice of its decision not to issue a judgment both orally and by issuing written conclusions. This decision is non-contestable. Following a decision not to issue a judgment in accelerated proceedings, statements made by the parties for the purpose of the accelerated proceedings may not be used in any subsequent ordinary proceedings. The sole grounds for appeal against a judgment in accelerated proceedings are that a party did not consent to the indictment or that the judgment does not correspond to the indictment.Chapter 3 Procedure for Separate Subsequent Court DecisionsArt. 363 Jurisdiction The court that issued the first instance judgment shall also take any separate subsequent decisions delegated to a judicial authority unless the Confederation or cantons provide otherwise. If the public prosecutor issued the decision in summary penalty order proceedings or the authority responsible for prosecuting contraventions issued the decision in contravention proceedings, these authorities shall also take the subsequent decisions. The Confederation and the cantons shall specify the authorities responsible for making subsequent decisions that are not made by the court.Art. 364 Procedure The competent authority shall begin proceedings to issue a subsequent judicial decision ex officio unless federal law provides otherwise. It shall submit the relevant files and its application to the court. In all other cases, the person convicted or any other entitled persons may request proceedings be initiated by filing a written and justified application. The court shall examine whether the requirements for the subsequent judicial decision are fulfilled, and shall, if necessary, add to the files or arrange for further enquiries to be carried out by the police. It shall give the persons and authorities concerned the opportunity to comment on the intended decision and to submit applications. The proceedings before the court (Art. 363 para. 1) shall otherwise be governed mutatis mutandis by the provisions on the trial at first instance; Article 390 applies mutatis mutandis to the written procedure. Inserted by No I of the FA of 17 June 2022, in force since 1 Jan. 2024  (AS 2023 468; BBl 2019 6697).Art. 364a Preventive detention with a view to a separate subsequent court decision The authority responsible for initiating the proceedings to issue a separate decision ex officio may order the arrest of the convicted person if it is seriously to be expected that:a. the person will be ordered to serve a custodial sanction; andb. the person:1. will attempt to evade serving the sanction, or2. will commit a further felony or serious misdemeanour. The procedure is governed by analogy by Articles 222–228. The competent authority shall submit the relevant files and its application to the court responsible for the separate subsequent decision as quickly as possible. Inserted by No I of the FA of 25 Sept. 2020 (Preventive Detention in the Procedure for Separate Subsequent Decisions), in force since 1 March 2021 (AS 2021 75; BBl 2019 6697).Art. 364b Preventive detention during the court proceedings The director of proceedings may order the arrest of the convicted person subject to the requirements of Article 364a paragraph 1. It shall conduct detention proceedings by analogous application of Article 224 and request the compulsory measures court or the director of appellate proceedings to order preventive detention. The procedure is governed by analogy by Articles 225 and 226. If preventive detention has already been ordered, the procedure is governed by analogy by Article 227. Articles 222 and 230–233 also apply by analogy. Inserted by No I of the FA of 25 Sept. 2020 (Preventive Detention in the Procedure for Separate Subsequent Decisions), in force since 1 March 2021 (AS 2021 75; BBl 2019 6697).Art. 365 Decision The court shall decide based on the files. It may also order a hearing. It shall issue its decision in writing with a brief statement of reasons. If a hearing has been held, it shall make an immediate oral announcement of its decision. The court’s decision may be contested by appeal. Inserted by No I of the FA of 17 June 2022, in force since 1 Jan. 2024  (AS 2023 468; BBl 2019 6697).Chapter 4 Procedure in the Absence of the AccusedSection 1 Requirements and ConductArt. 366 Requirements If an accused who has been duly summoned fails to appear before the court of first instance, the court shall fix a new hearing and summon the person again or arrange for him or her to be brought before the court. It shall take evidence where this cannot be delayed. If the accused fails to appear for the re-arranged trial or if it is not possible to bring him or her before the court, the trial may be held in the absence of the accused. The court may also suspend the proceedings. If the accused is suffering from a voluntarily induced unfitness to plead or if he or she refuses to be brought from detention to the trial, the court may conduct proceedings immediately in absentia. Proceedings in absentia may only be held if:a. the accused has previously had adequate opportunity in the proceedings to comment on the offences of which he or she is accusedb. sufficient evidence is available to reach a judgment without the presence of the accused.Art. 367 Conduct and decision The parties and the defence shall be permitted to make party submissions. The court shall reach its judgment based on the evidence taken in the preliminary proceedings and the main proceedings. On conclusion of the party submissions the court may issue a judgment or suspend the proceedings until the accused appears in court in person. Proceedings in absentia are otherwise governed by the provisions on the main proceedings at first instance.Section 2 Re-assessmentArt. 368 Application for a re-assessment If it is possible to serve the judgment in absentia personally, the person convicted shall be notified that he or she has 10 days to make a written or oral application to the court that issued the judgment for it to re-assess the case. In the application, the person convicted must briefly explain why he or she was unable to appear at the trial. The court shall reject the application if the person convicted was duly summoned, but failed to appear at the trial without excuse.Art. 369 Procedure If it is probable that the requirements for a re-assessment will be met, the director of proceedings shall fix a new trial. At this hearing, the court shall decide on the application for re-assessment and shall if applicable reach a new judgment. The appeal courts shall suspend any appellate proceedings raised by other parties. The director of proceedings shall decide before the trial on granting suspensive effect and on preventive detention. If the convicted person again fails to appear for the trial, the judgment in absentia shall remain valid. The application for re-assessment may be withdrawn at any time prior to the conclusion of the party hearing subject to the payment of costs and compensation.Art. 370 New judgment The court shall issue a new judgment, which is subject to the customary rights of appeal. When the new judgment becomes legally binding, the judgment in absentia, and appeal against the same and decisions already taken in the appellate proceedings become void.Art. 371 Relationship to an appeal Within the applicable time limit, a person convicted may file an appeal against the judgment in absentia in addition to or instead of the application for re-assessment. The person convicted must be notified of this possibility in accordance with Article 368 paragraph 1. An appeal shall only be considered if the application for re-assessment has been rejected.Chapter 5 Separate Measures ProceduresSection 1 Good Behaviour Bond OrderArt. 372 Requirements and jurisdiction If it is not competent to order a good behaviour bond in terms of Article 66 SCC in the course of the criminal proceedings against the accused, separate proceedings shall be held. If the accused is in detention due to a risk that he or she will commit a threatened felony or misdemeanour or that he or she will commit that felony or misdemeanour again, a good behaviour bond order is not competent. The application to begin separate proceedings must be submitted to the public prosecutor in the place where the threat was made or the intention was expressed to commit the offence again. SR 311.0Art. 373 Procedure The public prosecutor shall question the persons involved and then pass the files to the compulsory measures court. The court shall order the measures mentioned in Article 66 SCC. The person concerned may file an objection against an order of detention with the objections court. The person threatened has the same rights as a private claimant. He or she may where this is justified be required to lodge security for the costs of the proceedings and for compensation. The person alleged to have made the threat has the rights of an accused. Where money bail in accordance with Article 66 paragraph 3 SCC is forfeited to the state, a ruling thereon shall be issued in application of Article 240. If a person threatens immediate danger, the public prosecutor may place this person provisionally in detention or take other protective measures. The public prosecutor shall bring the person immediately before the competent compulsory measures court; this court shall decide on whether to order detention. SR 311.0Section 2 Procedure where the Accused is not legally responsible because of a Mental DisorderArt. 374 Requirements and procedure If an accused is not legally responsible because of a mental disorder and if the application of Article 19 paragraph 4 or 263 SCC is not an option, the public prosecutor shall make a written application to the court of first instance for a measure in accordance with Articles 59–61, 63, 64, 67 or 67b or 67e SCC, without abandoning the proceedings beforehand due to the accused not being legally responsible because of a mental disorder. The court of first instance may in consideration of the accused's state of health or to protect the accused's privacy:a. conduct the proceedings in the absence of the accused;b. exclude the public from the proceedings. It shall give any private claimant the opportunity to comment on the application made by the public prosecutor and on his or her civil claim. The provisions on the main proceedings at first instance otherwise apply. SR 311.0 Amended by Annex No 1 of the FA of 13 Dec. 2013 on Activity Prohibition Orders and Contact Prohibition and Exclusion Orders, in force since 1 Jan. 2015 (AS 2014 2055; BBl 2012 8819).Art. 375 Decision The court shall order the measures requested or other measures if it is satisfied that the accused committed the act but is not legally responsible due to a mental disorder and that measure is required. It shall decide on any civil claims at the same time. The order in respect of the measure and the decision on the civil claims are issued in a judgment. If the court is satisfied that the accused has the mental capacity to be legally responsible or that he or she committed the offences while lacking such mental capacity, it shall reject the application made by the public prosecutor. When this decision becomes legally binding, the preliminary proceedings against the accused shall be continued.Section 3 Separate Forfeiture ProceedingsArt. 376 RequirementsSeparate forfeiture proceedings are conducted if a decision must be made on the forfeiture of property or assets outside of criminal proceedings.Art. 377 Procedure Property or assets that will probably be forfeited in separate proceedings shall be seized. If the requirements for forfeiture are fulfilled the public prosecutor shall order their forfeiture in a forfeiture order; it shall give the person concerned the opportunity to respond. If the requirements are not fulfilled, it shall order the abandonment of the proceedings and return the property or assets to the entitled person. The rejection procedure is governed by the provisions on summary penalty orders. Any decision made by the court shall be issued in the form of a judgment. The court’s decision may be contested by appeal. Second sentence amended by No I of the FA of 17 June 2022, in force since 1 Jan. 2024 (AS 2023 468; BBl 2019 6697). Third sentence inserted by No I of the FA of 17 June 2022, in force since 1 Jan. 2024  (AS 2023 468; BBl 2019 6697).Art. 378 Use for the benefit of the person suffering harmThe public prosecutor or the court shall also decide on the applications made by the person suffering harm for the forfeited property or assets to be used for his or her benefit. Article 267 paragraphs 3–6 applies mutatis mutandis.Title 9 Appellate RemediesChapter 1 General ProvisionsArt. 379 Applicable regulationsAppellate proceedings are governed mutatis mutandis by the general provisions of this Code, unless this Title provides otherwise.Art. 380 Final or non-contestable decisionsWhere this Code provides that a decision is final or non-contestable, there is no appellate remedy in respect of that decision under this Code.Art. 381 Rights of the public prosecutor The public prosecutor may seek an appellate remedy for the benefit or to the detriment of an accused or a person convicted. If the Confederation or cantons provide for a chief prosecutor or an attorney general, they shall specify which public prosecutor is entitled to seek an appellate remedy. They shall specify which authorities may seek an appellate remedy in contravention proceedings. ... Repealed by No I of the FA of 17 June 2022, with effect from 1 Jan. 2024  (AS 2023 468; BBl 2019 6697).Art. 381a Rights of federal authoritiesFederal authorities may seek an appellate remedy in respect of cantonal decisions if federal law provides that they must be notified of the decision. Inserted by No I of the FA of 17 June 2022, in force since 1 Jan. 2024  (AS 2023 468; BBl 2019 6697).Art. 382 Rights of other parties Any party with a legitimate interest in the quashing or amendment of a decision may seek an appellate remedy. A private claimant may not contest a decision on a sanction that has been imposed. In the event of the death of the accused, the person convicted or a private claimant the next-of-kin in terms of Article 110 paragraph 1 SCC and in accordance with their ranking under the law of succession may seek an appellate remedy or continue the appellate proceedings provided their legitimate interests are affected. SR 311.0Art. 383 Payment of security The director of appellate proceedings may require the private claimant to lodge security within of a time limit to cover any costs and compensation. Article 136 remains reserved. If the security is not paid in time, the appellate authority shall not consider the appellate remedy.Art. 384 Commencement of the period for requesting the appellate remedyThe period for requesting an appellate remedy begins:a. in the case of a judgment: with the handover or service of the conclusions;b. in the case of other decisions: with the service of the decision;c. in the case of a procedural act not subject to written notice: when the recipient is informed of it.Art. 385 Statement of the grounds and form If this Code requires that the appellate remedy be accompanied by a statement of the grounds, the person or the authority seeking the appellate remedy must indicate precisely:a. which points of the decision are contested;b. what grounds there are for reaching a different decision;c. what evidence they wish to adduce in support of the appellate remedy. If the submission fails to satisfy these requirements, the appellate authority shall return the same and fix a short additional period within which it may be amended. If the submission still fails to satisfy the requirements after this additional period, the appellate authority shall not consider the appellate remedy. The incorrect designation of an appellate remedy does not adversely affect its validity.Art. 386 Waiver and withdrawal Any person with a right to seek an appellate remedy may waive this right by making a written or oral declaration to the authority issuing the decision on receiving notice of the contestable decision. Any person who has requested an appellate remedy may withdraw the same:a. in oral proceedings: before the conclusion of the party hearings;b. in written proceedings: before the conclusion of the exchange of submissions and any amendments to the evidence or files. Waiver and withdrawal are final unless the party has been induced to make his or her declaration by deception, an offence or incorrect official information.Art. 387 Suspensive effectAppellate remedies have no suspensive effect, subject to any provisions of this Code that provide otherwise or orders issued by the director of appellate proceedings.Art. 388 Jurisdiction of the director of proceedings over measures directing proceedings and interim measures and decisions not to consider the substance of the case The director of appellate proceedings shall take the required measures directing proceedings and interim measures that cannot be delayed. He or she may in particular:a. instruct the public prosecutor to take evidence where this cannot be delayed;b. order detention;c. appoint a duty defence lawyer. He or she shall decide not to consider the substance of:a. clearly inadmissible appellate remedies;b. appellate remedies that are clearly based on insufficient grounds;c. appellate remedies that are querulant or vexatious. Amended by No I of the FA of 17 June 2022, in force since 1 Jan. 2024  (AS 2023 468; BBl 2019 6697). Inserted by No I of the FA of 17 June 2022, in force since 1 Jan. 2024  (AS 2023 468; BBl 2019 6697).Art. 389 Additional evidence The appellate proceedings are based on the evidence that was taken in the preliminary proceedings and in the main proceedings before the court of first instance. Evidence taken by the court of first instance shall only be taken again if:a. rules on evidence have been infringed;b. the evidence taken was incomplete;c. the files on the evidence taken appear to be unreliable. The appellate authority shall take the required additional evidence ex officio or at the request of a party.Art. 390 Written procedure Any person who wishes to seek an appellate remedy for which this Code stipulates a written procedure must file the relevant petition. If the appellate remedy is not obviously inadmissible or unjustified, the director of proceedings shall send the petition to the other parties and the lower court to obtain their response. If the petition cannot be sent to a party or if a party fails to respond, the proceedings shall nevertheless be continued. The appellate authority shall if necessary order a second exchange of written submissions. It shall make its decision by way of circulation or by deliberating in camera based on the files and any additional evidence taken. It may order a hearing ex officio at the request of a party.Art. 391 Decision In making its decision, the appellate authority is not bound by:a. the grounds put forward by the parties;b. the applications made by the parties unless it is considering civil claims. It may not amend decisions to the prejudice of an accused or person convicted if the appeal was filed solely for that person's benefit. However, it may impose a more severe penalty where facts have come to light that the court of first instance could not have known. It may not amend decisions on civil matters to the prejudice of a private claimant if this is the only person to request an appellate remedy.Art. 392 Extending the application of successful appellate remedies Where only certain individual suspects or person convicted in the same proceedings have requested an appellate remedy and if this appellate remedy is granted, the contested decision shall also be quashed or amended in favour of the persons who did not request an appellate remedy if:a. the appellate authority assessed the facts of the case differently; andb. their considerations area also relevant to the other parties. Before making their decision, the appellate authority shall if necessary hear the accused or person convicted who have not requested an appellate remedy, the public prosecutor and the private claimant.Chapter 2 ObjectionsArt. 393 Admissibility and grounds An objection is admissible against:a. the rulings and the procedural acts of the police, public prosecutor and authorities responsible for prosecuting contraventions;b. the rulings, decrees and procedural acts of courts of first instance, with the exception of decisions directing proceedings;c. decisions of the compulsory measures court, unless this Code provides that they are final. An objection may contest:a. an infringement of the law, including exceeding and abusing discretionary powers, the denial of justice and unjustified delay;b. an incomplete or incorrect assessment of the circumstances of the case;c. a decision that is inequitable. Amended by No I 3 of the FA of 16 June 2023 on a Revision of the Law on Sex Offences, in force since 1 July 2024 (AS 2024 27; BBl 2018 2827; 2022 687, 1011).Art. 394 Inadmissibility of the objectionAn objection is not permitted:a. if an appeal is admissible;b. against the rejection of requests for further evidence to be taken by the public prosecutor or the authority responsible for prosecuting contraventions, if the application may be filed again before the court of first instance without legal disadvantage.Art. 395 Objections court with a panel of judgesIf the objections court is a court with a panel of judges, the director of proceedings shall decide on the objection alone if it has the following subject matter:a. contraventions only;b. the financial consequences of a decision where the amount in dispute is no more than 5000 francs.Art. 396 Form and time limit An objection against decisions issued in writing or orally must be filed within 10 days in writing and with a statement of grounds with the objections court. There is no time limit for filing an objection alleging a denial of justice or unjustified delay.Art. 397 Procedure and decision An objection shall be dealt with by written proceedings. If the authority upholds the objection, it shall make a new decision or quash the contested decision and refer the case back to the lower court for a new decision. If it upholds an objection to a ruling abandoning proceedings, it may issue instructions to the public prosecutor or the authority responsible for prosecuting contraventions on the continuation of the proceedings. If it holds that there has been a denial of justice or unjustified delay, it may issue instructions to the authority concerned and set time limits for its compliance. The objections court shall decide within six months. Inserted by No I of the FA of 17 June 2022, in force since 1 Jan. 2024  (AS 2023 468; BBl 2019 6697).Chapter 3 AppealsSection 1 General ProvisionsArt. 398 Admissibility and grounds An appeal is permitted against judgments of courts of first instance that conclude the proceedings in their entirety or in part, and against individual subsequent court decisions and individual forfeiture decisions. The court of appeal may review the judgment comprehensively on all contested points. An appeal may contest:a. an infringement of the law, including exceeding and abusing discretionary powers, the denial of justice and unjustified delay;b. an incomplete or incorrect assessment of the circumstances of the case;c. a decision that is inequitable. Where the trial before the court of first instance considered contraventions only, the appeal may only claim that the judgment contains errors in law or that the assessment of the circumstances was clearly incorrect or based on an infringement of the law. New averments and evidence may not be raised. If the appeal is limited to civil matters, the first instance judgment shall only be reviewed to the extent permitted by the civil procedure law applicable at the place of jurisdiction. Amended by No I of the FA of 17 June 2022, in force since 1 Jan. 2024  (AS 2023 468; BBl 2019 6697).Art. 399 Notice of intention to appeal and appeal petition Notice of intention to appeal must be given in writing or orally to the court of first instance within 10 days of the issuing of the judgment. When it has drawn up the written judgment stating the grounds, the court of first instance shall transmit the notice together with the files to the court of appeal. The party that has given notice of intention to appeal shall file a written appeal petition with the court of appeal within 20 days of receiving the written judgment stating the grounds. In the petition, he or she must indicate:a. whether he or she is contesting the judgment in its entirety or only in part;b. which changes to the judgment issued by the court of first instance judgment it is requesting; andc. what requests for further evidence to be taken it is making. If a person is only contesting part of the judgment, he or she must indicate in the appeal petition which of the following parts the appeal is limited to:a. the verdict, and which verdict if there is more than one offence;b. the sentence imposed;c. the measures ordered;d. the civil claim or individual civil claims;e. the incidental effects of the judgment;f. the award of costs, compensation or satisfaction;g. the subsequent judicial decisions.Art. 400 Preliminary examination If it is not clear from the appeal petition whether the first instance judgment is being contested in its entirety or only in part, the director of appeal proceedings shall request the party to clarify the petition and set a time limit for that purpose. The director of proceedings shall send a copy of the appeal petition to the other parties immediately. Within 20 days of receipt of the appeal petition, the other parties may:a. make a written application for the dismissal of the appeal without considering its substance; the application contain with a statement of the grounds;b. declare their intention to file a cross-appeal.Art. 401 Cross-appeal Cross-appeals are governed mutatis mutandis by Article 399 paragraphs 3 and 4. They are not limited to the scope of the main appeal, unless it relates solely to the civil aspect of the judgment. If the main appeal is withdrawn or dismissed without its substance being considered, the cross-appeal also lapses.Art. 402 Effect of the appealAn appeal has suspensive effect with regard to the matters contested.Section 2 ProcedureArt. 403 Decision to consider the substance of the appeal The court of appeal shall decide in written proceedings whether it should consider the substance of the appeal where the director of proceedings or a party claims:a. the notice of intention to appeal or appeal petition was filed too late or is inadmissible;b. the appeal is inadmissible under Article 398;c. procedural requirements have not been fulfilled or there are procedural impediments. It shall give the parties opportunity to comment. If it decides not to consider the substance of the appeal, it shall give notice of its decision and the grounds therefor to the parties. The director of proceedings shall otherwise and without any further formalities make the required arrangements for conducting the appeal proceedings.Art. 404 Extent of consideration The court of appeal shall consider only the contested points in the first instance judgment. It may also consider points not contested for the benefit of the accused in order to prevent an unlawful or unfair decision from being made.Art. 405 Oral procedure The oral appeal hearing is governed by the provisions on the trial in first instance. If the accused or the private claimant filed the appeal or cross-appeal, the director of proceedings shall summon him or her to the appeal hearing. In simple cases, he or she may, if requested, be granted dispensation not to attend and be permitted to submit and justify their applications in writing. The director of proceedings shall summon the public prosecutor to the hearing:a. in the cases mentioned in Article 337 paragraphs 3 and 4;b. if the public prosecutor has filed the appeal or the cross-appeal. If the public prosecutor is not summoned, it may submit written applications and a written statement of the grounds or appear personally in court.Art. 406 Written procedure The court of appeal may deal with the appeal in written proceedings if:a. its decision relates solely to legal issues;b. only the civil aspect is being contested;c. the subject matter of the judgment of the court of first instance is a contravention and the appeal does not request a conviction for a felony or misdemeanour;d. only an award of costs, compensation or satisfaction is being contested;e. only measures under Article 66–73 SCC are being contested. With the consent the parties, the director of proceedings may also order written proceedings if:a. the presence the accused is not required;b. the appeal relates to the decision of a judge sitting alone. The director of proceedings shall fix a time limit within which the party filing the appeal must submit a written statement of the grounds. The subsequent proceedings are governed by Article 390 paragraphs 2–4. SR 311.0Art. 407 Default by the parties The appeal or cross-appeal is deemed to have been withdrawn if the party that has filed it:a. fails without excuse to attend or to arrange to be represented at the oral appeal hearing;b. fails to file any written submissions; orc. cannot be summoned. If the public prosecutor or the private claimant has filed an appeal against the verdict or the sentence and the accused fails without excuse to attend the hearing, so proceedings in absentia shall be held. If the private claimant has limited his or her appeal to the civil aspect and the accused fails without excuse to attend the hearing, the court of appeal shall decide as on the basis of the findings made in the trial before the court of first instance and the other files.Section 3 Appeal DecisionArt. 408 New judgment If the court of appeal decides to consider the substance of the appeal, it shall issue a new judgment which replaces the first instance judgment. The court of appeal shall decide within twelve months. Inserted by No I of the FA of 17 June 2022, in force since 1 Jan. 2024  (AS 2023 468; BBl 2019 6697).Art. 409 Quashing the judgment and remitting the case If the proceedings in the first instance were so seriously flawed that they cannot be rectified by the appeal proceedings, the court of appeal shall quash the contested judgment and remit the case to the court of first instance so that it may conduct a re-trial and issue a new judgment. The court of appeal shall decide which procedural acts must be repeated or carried out. The court of first instance is bound by the interpretation of law made by the court of appeal in the decree remitting the case and by the instruction issued in accordance with paragraph 2.Chapter 4 ReviewArt. 410 Admissibility of and grounds for a review Any person who is adversely affected by a legally binding final judgment, a summary penalty order, a subsequent judicial decision or a decision in separate proceedings on measures may request a review of the case if:a. new circumstances that arose before the decision or new evidence have come to light that are likely to lead to an acquittal, a considerably reduced or more severe penalty for the convicted person or the conviction of an acquitted person;b. the decision is irreconcilably contradictory to a subsequent criminal judgment relating to the same set of circumstances;c. it has been proven in other criminal proceedings that the result of proceedings was influenced by a criminal offence; a conviction is not required; if it is not possible to conduct criminal proceedings, proof may be adduced in another way. The review of a case due to a violation of the Convention of 4 November 1950 for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms (ECHR) may be requested if:a. the European Court of Human Rights has held in a final judgment (Art. 44 ECHR) that the ECHR or its Protocols have been violated or the case has been concluded by means of a friendly settlement (Art. 39 ECHR);b. the consequences the violation cannot be compensated for by the payment of compensation; andc. the review of a case is necessary in order to redress the violation. The review of a case for the benefit of the person convicted may also be requested after the case becomes time-barred. Is the review of a case is limited to civil claims, it shall be admissible only if the civil procedure law applicable at the place of jurisdiction would allow a review of a case. SR 0.101 Amended by Annex No 3 of the FA of 1 Oct. 2021, in force since 1 July 2022  (AS 2022 289; BBl 2021 300, 889).Art. 411 Form and time limit Applications for the review of a case must be submitted to the court of appeal in writing and include a statement of the grounds. The application must indicate and substantiate the grounds for the review. Applications in terms of Article 410 paragraph 1 letter b and 2 must be filed within 90 days of receiving notice of the decision concerned. In other cases, applications for the review of a case are not subject to a time limit.Art. 412 Preliminary examination and decision to consider the substance of the case The court of appeal shall conduct a preliminary examination of the application for a review in written proceedings. If the application is clearly in admissible or unjustified or if an application on the same grounds has already been made and rejected, the court shall not consider the substance of the case. The court shall otherwise request the other parties and the lower court to comment in writing. It shall decide on the required additions to the evidence and files as well as on interim measures, unless this is the responsibility of the director of proceedings in accordance with Article 388.Art. 413 Decision If the court of appeal rejects the grounds for a review put forward, it shall dismiss the application for a review and cancel any interim measures. If the court of appeal accepts the grounds for a review put forward, it shall quash the contested decision in its entirety or in part and:a. remit the case to the authority that it designates for reconsideration and a new judgment; orb. make a new decision itself, provided the state of the files so permits. In the event that it remits the case, it shall decide on the extent to which the grounds for a review accepted nullify the legality and enforceability of the contested decision and at what stage the proceedings should be resumed. It may order the accused to be placed temporarily or to remain in preventive detention, if the relevant requirements are fulfilled.Art. 414 New proceedings If the court of appeal has remitted the case to the public prosecutor, the public prosecutor shall decide whether to raise a new prosecution, to issue a summary penalty order or to abandon the proceedings. If it has remitted the case to a court, the court shall take any additional evidence required and, following a trial, shall issue a new judgment.Art. 415 Consequences of the new decision If the new decision imposes a higher sentence on the accused, the portion of the original sentence already served shall be taken into account. If the accused is acquitted or a more lenient sentence is imposed or if the proceedings are abandoned, any fines or monetary penalties that have been overpaid shall be refunded. Claims made by the accused for compensation or satisfaction are governed by Article 436 paragraph 4. If a conviction is overturned and an acquittal imposed, the accused or, following his or her death, his or her next-of-kin may demand that the new decision be published.Title 10 Procedural Costs, Compensation and SatisfactionChapter 1 General ProvisionsArt. 416 Scope of applicationThe provisions of this Title apply to all procedures under this Code.Art. 417 Liability to pay costs for procedural defaultIn the event of failure to comply with procedural requirements or any other form of procedural default, the criminal justice authority may require the party responsible for the default to pay procedural costs and compensation regardless of the outcome of the proceedings.Art. 418 Participation of more than one person and liability of third parties If more than one person is liable to pay costs, the costs shall be imposed proportionately. Where two or more persons are jointly responsible for costs being incurred, the criminal justice authority may order that the persons concerned be held jointly and severally liable to pay the costs. It may require third parties in accordance with the civil law principles of liability to bear the costs jointly and severally with the accused.Art. 419 Liability to pay costs of persons not legally responsible due to a mental disorder If the proceedings are abandoned or result in an acquittal because the accused is not legally responsible due to a mental disorder, the costs may be imposed on the accused if this appears reasonable in all the circumstances.Art. 420 Legal actionThe Confederation or the canton may take legal action against persons who wilfully or through gross negligence lead it to incur costs by:a. causing proceedings to be instituted;b. make the proceedings considerably more complicated;c. bringing about a decision that is overturned in review proceedings.Art. 421 Decision on costs The criminal justice authority shall decide who is to bear any costs in the final judgment. It may make an advance decision in:a. interim decisions;b. decisions on the partial abandonment of the proceedings;c. decisions on appeals against interim and abandonment decisions.Chapter 2 Procedural CostsArt. 422 Definition The procedural costs comprise the charges that cover fees and outlays in a specific criminal case. Outlays are in particular:a. the cost of the duty defence lawyer and legal aid representative;b. the cost of translations;c. the cost of expert reports;d. the cost incurred by involving other authorities;e. postage, telephone and similar expenses.Art. 423 Principles The procedural costs shall be borne by the Confederation or the canton that conducts the proceedings, unless otherwise provided in this Code. and  ... Repealed by Annex No II 7 of the Criminal Justice Authorities Act of 19 March 2010, with effect from 1 Jan. 2011 (AS 2010 3267; BBl 2008 8125).Art. 424 Calculation and fees The Confederation and the cantons shall issue regulations on the calculation of procedural costs and shall stipulate the fees. They may stipulate flat-rate fees for simple cases that also cover the outlays.Art. 425 Deferment and remissionThe criminal justice authority may defer its claim to procedural costs or, taking account of the financial circumstances of the person liable to pay, reduce or remit the sum due.Art. 426 Liability to pay costs of the accused and parties to separate measures proceedings The accused shall bear the procedural costs if he or she is convicted. Exempted therefrom are the costs of the duty defence lawyer; Article 135 paragraph 4 is reserved. If the proceedings are abandoned or the accused acquitted, all or part of the procedural costs may be imposed on the accused if he or she has unlawfully or culpably caused the proceedings to be initiated or has obstructed their conduct. The accused shall not bear the procedural costs that:a. the Confederation or the canton has incurred through unnecessary or flawed procedural acts;b. are incurred for translations that were necessary because the accused speaks a foreign language. The accused shall bear the costs of the private claimant's legal aid representative only if he or she has the financial means to do so. The provisions of this Article apply mutatis mutandis to parties to separate measures procedures if they are unsuccessful.Art. 427 Liability to pay costs of the private claimant and the complainant The private claimant may be ordered to pay procedural costs incurred as a result of his or her applications on civil matters if:a. the proceedings are abandoned or the accused is acquitted;b. the private claimant withdraws the civil claim before the conclusion of the trial before the court of first instance;c. the civil proceedings are dismissed or remitted to the civil courts. In the case of offences prosecuted only on complaint, procedural costs may be imposed on the complainant where he or she has wilfully or through gross negligence brought about the proceedings or has obstructed their conduct, or on the private claimant where:a. the proceedings are abandoned or the accused is acquitted; andb. the accused is not liable to pay costs in terms of Article 426 paragraph 2. If the complainant withdraws the criminal complaint as part of a settlement arranged by the public prosecutor, the Confederation or the canton shall normally bear the procedural costs. An agreement between the complainant and the accused on who is to bear the costs in the event that the criminal complaint is withdrawn requires the approval of the authority that orders the case to be abandoned. The agreement may not prejudice the Confederation or the canton.Art. 428 Allocation of costs in appellate proceedings The costs of the appellate proceedings are borne by the parties according to whether they are successful or not. An appellant is also regarded as unsuccessful if the appeal is dismissed without its substance being considered or if the appeal is withdrawn. Where an appellant secures a more favourable decision, he or she may be ordered to pay costs if:a. the appeal is successful due to circumstances that became apparent for the first time in the appellate proceedings; orb. only minor changes are made to the contested decision. If the appellate authority itself issues a new decision, it shall also review the ruling on costs issued by the lower court. If it quashes a decision and remits the case to the lower for a new decision, the Confederation or the canton shall bear the costs of the appellate proceedings, if the appellate authority so decides, those of the lower court. If an application for a review is approved, the criminal justice authority that must subsequently deal with the case shall decide at its discretion on the costs of the first proceedings.Chapter 3 Compensation and SatisfactionSection 1 AccusedArt. 429 Rights If the accused is wholly or partly acquitted or if the proceedings against the accused are abandoned, he or she is entitled to:a. compensation in accordance with the table of legal fees for expenditure incurred in the appropriate exercise of his or her procedural rights, whereby the compensation awarded shall correspond to the fee in the table of legal fees for a private defence;b. compensation for the financial losses that he or she incurs due to the required participation in the criminal proceedings;c. satisfaction for particularly serious violations of his or her personal circumstances, in particular due to deprivation of liberty. The criminal justice authority shall examine the claim ex officio. It may require the accused to quantify and substantiate the claim. If the accused has appointed a defence lawyer of his or her choice, the defence lawyer shall have an exclusive right to the compensation under paragraph 1 letter a, subject to any accounts to be settled with the client. The defence lawyer may contest the decision on compensation using the appellate remedy admissible against the final decision. Amended by No I of the FA of 17 June 2022, in force since 1 Jan. 2024  (AS 2023 468; BBl 2019 6697). Inserted by No I of the FA of 17 June 2022, in force since 1 Jan. 2024  (AS 2023 468; BBl 2019 6697).Art. 430 Reduction or refusal of compensation or satisfaction The criminal justice authority may reduce the compensation or satisfaction or refuse to pay if:a. the accused has unlawfully and culpably brought about the proceedings or has obstructed their conduct;b. the private claimant is required to pay compensation to the accused; orc. the accused's expenditure is negligible. In the appellate proceedings, compensation and satisfaction may be further reduced if the requirements of Article 428 paragraph 2 are fulfilled.Art. 431 Compensation and satisfaction for unlawfully applied compulsory measures and detention for an excessive period If compulsory measures have been applied to the accused unlawfully, the criminal justice authority shall award the accused appropriate compensation and satisfaction. There is a right to compensation and satisfaction in relation to remand and preventive detention if the permitted period of detention is exceeded and the excessive deprivation of liberty cannot be not accounted for in sanctions imposed in respect of other offences. The right under paragraph 2 ceases to apply if the accused:a. is sentenced to a monetary penalty, community service or a fine and the equivalent alternative custodial sentence would not be substantially shorter than the time spent on remand or in preventive detention;b. receives a suspended custodial sentence the length of which exceeds the time spent on remand or in preventive detention. Amended by No I of the FA of 17 June 2022, in force since 1 Jan. 2024  (AS 2023 468; BBl 2019 6697).Art. 432 Rights in relation to the private claimant and the complainant The accused, if acquitted, is entitled to appropriate compensation from the private claimant in respect of expenditure incurred in relation to the civil claim. If the accused is acquitted of an offence prosecuted only on complaint, the complainant may be required to compensate the accused for expenditure incurred in the proper exercise of his or her procedural rights, provided the complainant has brought about the proceedings wilfully or through gross negligence or has obstructed their conduct.Section 2 Private Claimant and Third PartiesArt. 433 Private claimant The private claimant is entitled to appropriate compensation from the accused for costs incurred in the proceedings if:a. the claim is successful; orb. the accused is liable to pay costs in terms of Article 426 paragraph 2. The private claimant must submit his or her compensation claim to the criminal justice authority, and quantify and substantiate the same. If he or she fails to fulfil this obligation, the criminal justice authority shall not consider the claimArt. 434 Third parties Third parties have the right to appropriate compensation for losses that are not otherwise covered and to satisfaction if they have incurred losses as a result of procedural acts or in providing support to the criminal justice authorities. Article 433 paragraph 2 applies mutatis mutandis. A decision shall be made on the claims in the final judgment. In clear cases, the public prosecutor may issue a decision in the preliminary proceedings.Section 3 Special ProvisionsArt. 435 Time limitsClaims for compensation and satisfaction against the Confederation or the canton must be filed within 10 years of the date on which the decision becomes legally binding.Art. 436 Compensation and satisfaction in appellate proceedings Claims for compensation and satisfaction in appellate proceedings are governed by Articles 429–434. Where the accused is neither fully nor partly acquitted and the proceedings are not abandoned but the accused is successful on other points, he or she is entitled to appropriate compensation for his or her expenditure. If the appellate authority quashes a decision in accordance with Article 409, the parties are entitled to appropriate compensation for their expenditure in the appellate proceedings and that part of the proceedings before the court of first instance that related to the quashed decision. An accused who is acquitted or receives a reduced sentence following a review of the case is entitled to appropriate compensation for his or her expenditure in the review proceedings. He or she is also entitled to satisfaction and compensation for time spent in custody, provided this deprivation of liberty cannot be not accounted for in sanctions imposed in respect of other offences.Title 11 Legal Effect and Execution of Decisions in Criminal ProceedingsChapter 1 Legal EffectArt. 437 Entry into force Judgments and other decisions concluding proceedings against which an appellate remedy may be requested under this Code become legally binding when:a. the period for requested appellate remedy has expired and no request has been made;b. the entitled person declares that he or she is waiving his or her right to an appellate remedy or withdrawing an appellate remedy already requested;c. the appellate authority decides not to consider the substance of the appellate remedy or to reject it. The decision becomes legally binding with retrospective effect from the day on which the decision was issued. Decisions that are not subject to the right to an appellate remedy under this Code become legally binding on being issued.Art. 438 Notification of legal effect The criminal justice authority that has issued a decision shall note the date on which it becomes legally binding in the files or in the judgment. If the parties have been notified that an appellate remedy has been requested, they shall also be notified of the date on which the judgment becomes legally binding. If there is a dispute over whether or when a decision has become legally binding, the authority that has issued the decision shall rule on the matter. An objection may be filed against the ruling on the legally binding effect of the decision.Chapter 2 Enforcement of Decisions in Criminal ProceedingsArt. 439 Execution of sentences and measures The Confederation and the cantons shall determine the authorities responsible for the execution of sentences and measures as well as the relevant procedure; special regulations in this Code and in the SCC are reserved. The executive authority shall issue an execution order. Legally-binding custodial sentences and custodial measures must be executed immediately:a. if there is a risk of absconding;b. if there is a serious risk to the public; orc. if there is no guarantee that the purpose of the measure will otherwise be fulfilled. In order to implement the execution order, the executive authority may arrest the person convicted, issue a warrant for his or her arrest or request his or her extradition. SR 311.0Art. 440 Preventive detention The executive authority may place the person convicted in preventive detention to ensure that the sentence or the measure is executed, provided any one of the requirements in Article 439 paragraph 3 is met. It shall submit the case within 5 days of the person's detention:a. to the court that imposed the sentence or measure that is to be executed;b. in the case of summary penalty orders, to the compulsory measures court at the place where the public prosecutor issued the summary penalty order. The court shall decide on whether the person convicted remains in detention until the commencement of the sentence or measure. The court that ordered preventive detention has jurisdiction over applications for release from detention. Amended by No I of the FA of 17 June 2022, in force since 1 Jan. 2024  (AS 2023 468; BBl 2019 6697). Amended by No I of the FA of 17 June 2022, in force since 1 Jan. 2024  (AS 2023 468; BBl 2019 6697). Inserted by No I of the FA of 17 June 2022, in force since 1 Jan. 2024  (AS 2023 468; BBl 2019 6697).Art. 441 Time limit for enforcement Sentences that are time-barred may not be enforced. The executive authority shall verify ex officio whether the sentence is time barred. The person convicted may contest the planned execution of a time-barred sentence or measure before the objections court of the canton of execution. This authority shall also decide on whether the appeal has suspensive effect. If the person convicted is made to serve a time-barred custodial sanction, he or she shall be entitled to compensation and satisfaction in analogous application of Article 431.Art. 442 Enforcement of decisions on procedural costs and other financial payments Procedural costs, monetary penalties, fines and other financial payments to be made in connection with criminal proceedings shall be collected in accordance with the provisions of the DEBA. Claims in respect of procedural costs must be filed within 10 years of the date on which the decision on costs becomes legally binding. Default interest amounts to 5 per cent. The Confederation and the cantons shall determine the authorities that collect financial payments. The criminal justice authorities may set off their claims in respect of procedural costs against the claims to compensation of the party liable to pay arising from the same criminal proceedings and against seized assets. SR 281.1Art. 443 Enforcement of criminal judgments on civil mattersInsofar as the judgment relates to civil claims, it shall be enforced in accordance with the civil procedure law applicable at the place of execution and the DEBA. SR 281.1Art. 444 Official noticesThe Confederation and the cantons shall determine the authorities that must issue official notices.Title 12 Final ProvisionsChapter 1 Implementing ProvisionsArt. 445The Federal Council and, insofar as they are responsible, the cantons shall issue the provisions required to implement this Code.Chapter 2 Amendment of LegislationArt. 446 Repeal and amendment of current legislation The repeal and the amendment of current legislation are regulated in Annex 1. The Federal Assembly may amend by ordinance provisions of federal acts that are contradictory to this Code but which have not been formally amended herein.Art. 447 Coordination provisionsThe coordination of provisions of other enactments with this Code is regulated in Annex 2.Chapter 3 Transitional ProvisionsSection 1 General Procedural ProvisionsArt. 448 Applicable law Proceedings that are pending when this Code comes into force shall be continued in accordance with the new law unless the following provisions provide otherwise. Procedural acts that were ordered or carried out before this Code came into force shall remain valid.Art. 449 Jurisdiction Proceedings that are pending when this Code comes into force shall be continued by the competent authorities under the new law unless the following provisions provide otherwise. Conflicts on jurisdiction between authorities of the same canton shall be decided by the objections court of the canton concerned and conflicts between the authorities of different cantons or between cantonal and federal authorities shall be decided by the Federal Criminal Court.Section 2 Main Proceedings of First Instance and Special ProceedingsArt. 450 Main proceedings of first instanceIf the trial has already begun when this Code comes into force, it shall be continued in accordance with the previous law in the previously competent court of first instance.Art. 451 Separate subsequent court decisionsAfter this Code comes into force, separate subsequent court decisions shall be made by the criminal justice authority that would have been responsible for the first instance judgment under this Code.Art. 452 Proceedings in absentia Applications for re-assessment following a judgment in absentia that are pending when this Code comes into force shall be considered in accordance with the previous law. Applications for re-assessment following a judgment in absentia under the previous law that are made after this Code comes into force shall be considered in accordance with the law that is more favourable to the applicant. The new law applies to the re-assessment. The court that would have been responsible for the judgment in absentia in accordance with this Code has jurisdiction.Section 3 Appellate ProceedingsArt. 453 Decisions made before this Code comes into force If a decision was made before this Code comes into force, an appellate remedy against it shall be judged in accordance with the previous law by the authorities competent under the previous law. If proceedings are remitted by the appellate authority or the Federal Supreme Court for re-assessment, the new law applies. The re-assessment shall be carried out by the authority that would have been responsible for the quashed decision in accordance with this Code.Art. 454 Decision made after this Code comes into force  Appellate remedies against first instance decisions that are made after this Code comes into force are governed by the new law. Appellate remedies against first instance decisions of higher courts that are made in accordance with the previous law after this Code comes into force are governed by the previous law.Section 4 Rejections of Summary Penalty Orders; Private ProsecutionsArt. 455 Rejections of summary penalty ordersRejections of summary penalty orders are governed by Article 453 mutatis mutandis.Art. 456 Private prosecutionsPrivate prosecutions under the previous cantonal law that are pending before a court of first instance when this Code comes into force shall be continued to the conclusion of first instance proceedings in accordance with the previous law by the court that was competent under the previous law.Section 5 Transitional Provision to the Amendment of 28 September 2012 Inserted by No I 2 of the FA of 28 Sept. 2012 (Transcription Regulations), in force since 1 May 2013 (AS 2013 851; BBl 2012 5707 5719).Art. 456aIn proceedings that are pending when the Amendment of 28 September 2012 to this Code comes into force, the new law applies to examination hearings from the date on which the Amendment comes into force.Chapter 4 Referendum and CommencementArt. 457 This Code is subject to an optional referendum. The Federal Council shall determine the commencement date.Commencement date: 1 January 2011 FCD of 31 March 2010.Annex 1(Art. 446 para. 1)Repeal and Amendment of Current LegislationIThe following Federal Acts are repealed:1. Federal Act of 15 June 1934 on the Administration of Federal Criminal Justice;2. Federal Act of 20 June 2003 on Covert Investigations.IIThe federal acts below are amended as follows:... [BS 3 303; AS 1971 777 No III 4; 1974 1857 Annex No 2; 1978 688 Art. 88 No 4; 1979 1170; 1992 288 Annex No 15, 2465 Annex No 2; 1993 1993; 1997 2465 Annex No 7; 2000 505 No I 3, 2719 No II 3, 2725 No II; 2001 118 No I 3, 3071 No II 1, 3096 Annex No 2, 3308; 2003 2133 Annex No 9; 2004 1633 No I 4; 2005 5685 Annex  No 19; 2006 1205 Annex No 10; 2007 6087; 2008 1607 Annex No 1, 4989 Annex 1  No 6, 5463 Annex No 3; 2009 6605 Annex No II 3] [AS 2004 1409; 2006 2197 Annex No 29; 2007 5437 Annex No II 6; 2006 5437 Art. 2 No 2. AS 2010 1881 Annex 1 No I 2] The amendments may be consulted under AS 2010 1881.Annex 2(Art. 447)Coordination Provisions1.  Coordination of Article 305 paragraph 2 letter b of the Criminal Procedure Code with the new Victim Support ActThe new VSA came into force on 1 Jan. 2009.Irrespective of whether the new Victim Support Act of 23 March 2007 (new VSA) comes into force before or after the Criminal Procedure Code of 5 October 2007 (CPC), on commencement of whichever comes into force later or if both come into force at the same time, Article 305 paragraph 2 letter b CPC shall be amended as follows:...SR 312.52.  Coordination of Number 9 of Annex 1 with the new Victim Support ActIrrespective of whether the new VSA comes into force before or after the CPC, on commencement of whichever comes into force later or if both come into force at the same time Number 9 of Annex 1 of the CPC shall cease to have effect and the new VSA shall be amended in accordance with number 10 of Annex 1 of the CPC.3.  Coordination of the Military Criminal Procedure Code of 23 March 1979 (Annex 1 number 12) with the new VSA SR 322.1Irrespective of whether the new VSA comes into force before or after the CPC, on commencement of whichever comes into force later or if both come into force at the same time Articles 84a, 104 paragraph 3 and 118 paragraph 2 shall be amended by number 12 of the Annex 1 the CPC as follows:...

input-rm312.0Rumantsch è ina lingua naziunala, ma ina lingua parzialmain uffiziala da la Confederaziun, numnadamain en la correspundenza cun persunas da lingua rumantscha. La translaziun d’in decret federal serva a l’infurmaziun, n’ha dentant nagina validitad legala.Cudesch da procedura penala svizzer(Cudesch da procedura penala, CPP)dals 5 d’october 2007 (versiun dal 1. da fanadur 2024)L’Assamblea federala da la Confederaziun svizra,sa basond sin l’artitgel 123 alinea 1 da la Constituziun federala,suenter avair gì invista da la missiva dal Cussegl federal dals 21 da december 2005,concluda: SR 101 BBl 2006 10851. titel Champ d’applicaziun e princips1. chapitel Champ d’applicaziun ed execuziun da la giurisdicziun penalaArt. 1 Champ d’applicaziun Questa lescha regla la persecuziun ed il giudicament dals malfatgs tenor il dretg federal tras las autoritads penalas da la Confederaziun e dals chantuns. Las disposiziuns divergentas d’autras leschas federalas restan resalvadas.Art. 2 Execuziun da la giurisdicziun penala La giurisdicziun penala vegn exequida exclusivamain da las autoritads che vegnan designadas da la lescha. Las proceduras penalas pon vegnir exequidas e terminadas mo en las furmas previsas da la lescha.2. chapitel Princips dal dretg da procedura penalaArt. 3 Respect da la dignitad umana e princip da la procedura gista En tut ils stadis da la procedura respectan las autoritads penalas la dignitad da las persunas ch’èn pertutgadas da la procedura. Ellas resguardan cunzunt:a. il princip da la buna fai;b. il scumond da l’abus da dretg;c. la maxima da tractar en moda eguala e gista tut las persunas ch’èn participadas a la procedura e da las conceder l’attenziun giuridica;d. il scumond d’applitgar – per la registraziun da las cumprovas – metodas che violeschan la dignitad umana.Art. 4 Independenza Las autoritads penalas èn independentas en l’applicaziun dal dretg ed èn suttamessas mo al dretg. Las cumpetenzas legalas tenor l’artitgel 14 da dar instrucziuns a las autoritads da persecuziun penala restan resalvadas.Art. 5 Princip d’acceleraziun Las autoritads penalas prendan immediatamain per mauns las proceduras penalas e las mainan a fin senza retardaments nunmotivads. Sch’ina persuna inculpada è en arrest, ha la realisaziun da sia procedura la prioritad.Art. 6 Princip d’inquisiziun Las autoritads penalas sclereschan d’uffizi tut ils fatgs ch’èn relevants per giuditgar il malfatg e la persuna inculpada. Ellas retschertgan cun il medem quità las circumstanzas engrevgiantas e distgargiantas.Art. 7 Obligaziun da persecuziun En il rom da lur cumpetenza èn las autoritads penalas obligadas d’iniziar e da realisar ina procedura, sch’ellas survegnan enconuschientscha da malfatgs u d’indizis da malfatgs. Ils chantuns pon prevair che:a. la responsabladad penala dals commembers da lur autoritads legislativas e giudizialas sco er da lur regenzas vegnia exclusa u limitada per remartgas ch’els fan en il parlament chantunal;b. la persecuziun penala dals commembers da lur autoritads executivas e giudizialas pervia da crims u da delicts commess en uffizi vegnia subordinada a l’autorisaziun d’ina autoritad betg giudiziala.Art. 8 Renunzia a la persecuziun penala La procura publica e las dretgiras renunzian a la persecuziun penala, sch’il dretg federal prevesa quai, en spezial sut las premissas dals artitgels 52, 53 e 54 dal Cudesch penal (CP). Sche nagins interess predominants da l’accusader privat na s’opponan a quai, renunzian ellas ultra da quai ad ina persecuziun penala, sche:a. il malfatg n’ha – ultra dals auters malfatgs che vegnan renfatschads a la persuna inculpada – betg ina impurtanza essenziala per fixar il chasti u la mesira ch’è da spetgar;b. in chasti, che stuess vegnir pronunzià supplementarmain ad in chasti ch’è entrà en vigur, è previsiblamain irrelevant;c. i stuess vegnir imputà in chasti ch’è vegnì pronunzià a l’exteriur e che correspunda al chasti ch’è da spetgar per il malfatg persequità. Sche nagins interess predominants da l’accusader privat na s’opponan a quai, pon la procura publica e las dretgiras renunziar a la persecuziun penala, sch’il malfatg vegn gia persequità d’ina autoritad estra u sche la persecuziun vegn delegada ad ina tala. En quests cas disponan ellas che la procedura na vegnia betg averta u ch’ina procedura currenta vegnia messa ad acta. SR 311.0Art. 9 Princip d’accusaziun In malfatg po mo vegnir giuditgà davant dretgira, sche la procura publica ha fatg in’accusaziun tar la dretgira cumpetenta cunter ina tscherta persuna pervia d’in fatg circumscrit precisamain. La procedura da mandat penal e la procedura penala per surpassaments restan resalvadas.Art. 10 Presumziun d’innocenza ed appreziaziun da las cumprovas Uschè ditg ch’ina persuna n’è betg vegnida sentenziada cun vigur legala, vala ella sco innocenta. La dretgira appreziescha libramain las cumprovas sin basa da la persvasiun ch’ella tira or da l’entira procedura. Sch’i èn avant maun dubis insurmuntabels areguard l’adempliment da las premissas effectivas dal malfatg accusà, sa basa la dretgira sin ils fatgs ch’èn pli favuraivels per l’inculpà.Art. 11 Scumond da la persecuziun penala dubla Tgi ch’è vegnì sentenzià u acquittà en Svizra cun vigur legala, na dastga betg vegnir persequità danovamain pervia dal medem malfatg. Resalvadas restan la reavertura d’ina procedura messa ad acta u betg prendida per mauns sco er la revisiun.2. titel Autoritads penalas1. chapitel Cumpetenzas1. secziun Disposiziuns generalasArt. 12 Autoritads da persecuziun penalaAutoritads da persecuziun penala èn:a. la polizia;b. la procura publica;c. las autoritads penalas per surpassaments.Art. 13 DretgirasCumpetenzas giudizialas en la procedura penala han:a. la dretgira da mesiras repressivas;b. la dretgira d’emprima instanza;c. l’instanza da recurs;d. la dretgira d’appellaziun.Art. 14 Designaziun ed organisaziun da las autoritads penalas La Confederaziun ed ils chantuns fixeschan lur autoritads penalas e las designaziuns respectivas. Els reglan l’elecziun, la cumposiziun, l’organisaziun e las cumpetenzas da las autoritads penalas, nun che questa lescha u autras leschas federalas reglian definitivamain quests puncts. Els pon prevair procuras publicas superiuras u generalas. Cun excepziun da l’instanza da recurs e da la dretgira d’appellaziun pon els nominar pliras autoritads penalas dal medem tip; en quest cas fixeschan els la cumpetenza locala e materiala respectiva. Els reglan la surveglianza da lur autoritads penalas.2. secziun Autoritads da persecuziun penalaArt. 15 Polizia L’activitad da la polizia da la Confederaziun, dals chantuns e da las vischnancas en il rom da la persecuziun penala sa drizza tenor questa lescha. La polizia investighescha malfatgs sin atgna iniziativa, sin denunzia da persunas privatas e d’autoritads sco er per incumbensa da la procura publica; en quest connex è ella suttamessa a la surveglianza ed a las instrucziuns da la procura publica. Sch’in cas penal è pendent davant ina dretgira, po questa dretgira dar instrucziuns ed incumbensas a la polizia.Art. 16 Procura publica La procura publica è responsabla ch’il dretg statal da chastiar vegnia exequì en moda unitara. Ella maina la procedura preliminara, persequitescha malfatgs en il rom da l’inquisiziun, fa eventualmain l’accusaziun e represchenta l’accusaziun.Art. 17 Autoritads penalas per surpassaments La Confederaziun ed ils chantuns pon incumbensar autoritads administrativas da persequitar e da giuditgar surpassaments. Surpassaments ch’èn vegnids commess en connex cun in crim u cun in delict vegnan persequitads e giuditgads da la procura publica e da las dretgiras ensemen cun quest crim u cun quest delict.3. secziun DretgirasArt. 18 Dretgira da mesiras repressivas La dretgira da mesiras repressivas è cumpetenta per ordinar l’arrest d’inquisiziun e l’arrest da segirezza e – sche questa lescha prevesa quai – per ordinar u per approvar ulteriuras mesiras repressivas. Ils commembers da la dretgira da mesiras repressivas na pon betg esser derschaders specifics per il medem cas.Art. 19 Dretgira d’emprima instanza La dretgira d’emprima instanza giuditgescha en emprima instanza tut ils malfatgs che na tutgan betg a la cumpetenza d’autras autoritads. Sco dretgira d’emprima instanza pon la Confederaziun ed ils chantuns prevair in derschader singul per laschar giuditgar:a. surpassaments;b. crims e delicts, cun excepziun da quels, per ils quals la procura publica pretenda in chasti da detenziun da passa 2 onns, in internament tenor l’artitgel 64 CP, in tractament tenor l’artitgel 59 CP u – en cas che sancziuns cundiziunadas ston vegnir revocadas a medem temp – ina privaziun da la libertad da passa 2 onns. Versiun tenor la cifra I da la LF dals 17 da zer. 2022, en vigur dapi il 1. da schan. 2024 (AS 2023 468; BBl 2019 6697). SR 311.0Art. 20 Instanza da recurs L’instanza da recurs giuditgescha recurs cunter acts processuals sco er cunter decisiuns che n’èn betg suttamessas a l’appellaziun e ch’èn vegnidas prendidas:a. da las dretgiras d’emprima instanza;b. da la polizia, da la procura publica e da las autoritads penalas per surpassaments;c. da la dretgira da mesiras repressivas en ils cas ch’èn previs en questa lescha. La Confederaziun ed ils chantuns pon surdar las cumpetenzas da l’instanza da recurs a la dretgira d’appellaziun.Art. 21 Dretgira d’appellaziun La dretgira d’appellaziun decida davart:a. appellaziuns cunter sentenzias da las dretgiras d’emprima instanza;b. dumondas da revisiun. Tgi ch’è stà commember da l’instanza da recurs, na po betg esser commember da la dretgira d’appellaziun per il medem cas. Ils commembers da la dretgira d’appellaziun na pon betg esser derschaders da revisiun per il medem cas.2. chapitel Cumpetenza materiala1. secziun Cunfinaziun da la cumpetenza tranter la Confederaziun ed ils chantunsArt. 22 Giurisdicziun chantunalaLas autoritads penalas chantunalas persequiteschan e giuditgeschan ils malfatgs previs dal dretg federal; resalvadas restan las excepziuns legalas.Art. 23 Giurisdicziun federala en general A la giurisdicziun federala èn suttamess ils suandants malfatgs dal CP:a. ils malfatgs da l’emprim e dal quart titel sco er dals artitgels 140, 156, 189 e 190, uschenavant ch’els èn drizzads cunter persunas protegidas dal dretg internaziunal, cunter magistrats da la Confederaziun, cunter commembers da l’Assamblea federala, cunter il procuratur public federal u cunter ils suppleants dal procuratur public federal;b. ils malfatgs dals artitgels 137–141, 144, 160 e 172, uschenavant ch’els pertutgan localitads, archivs u documents da missiuns diplomaticas e da posts consulars;c. il rapiment d’ostagis tenor l’artitgel 185 per constrenscher autoritads da la Confederaziun u da l’exteriur;d. ils crims ed ils delicts dals artitgels 224–226;e. ils crims ed ils delicts dal dieschavel titel concernent la munaida, ils daners da palpiri e las bancnotas, las marcas da valur uffizialas ed autras marcas da la Confederaziun, las mesiras ed ils pais; exceptadas èn las vignettas per l’utilisaziun da las vias naziunalas d’emprima e da segunda classa;f. ils crims ed ils delicts da l’indeschavel titel, uschenavant ch’i sa tracta da documents da la Confederaziun, cun excepziun dals permiss da manischar e dals mussaments dal traffic da pajaments postals;g. ils malfatgs dal dudeschavel titel e dal dudeschavel titel sco er da l’artitgel 264k;h. ils malfatgs da l’artitgel 260 sco er dal tredeschavel fin al quindeschavel e dal deschsettavel titel, uschenavant ch’els èn drizzads cunter la Confederaziun, cunter las autoritads federalas, cunter la voluntad dal pievel en cas d’elecziuns, da votaziuns, da dumondas da referendum u d’iniziativa federalas, cunter la pussanza federala u cunter la giurisdicziun federala;i. ils crims ed ils delicts dal sedeschavel titel;j. ils malfatgs dal deschdotgavel e dal deschnovavel titel, uschenavant ch’els èn vegnids commess d’in commember d’ina autoritad u d’in emploià da la Confederaziun ubain cunter la Confederaziun;k. ils surpassaments dals artitgels 329 e 331;l. ils crims ed ils delicts politics, ch’èn il motiv u la consequenza da tumults che chaschunan ina intervenziun federala cun armas. Las prescripziuns davart la cumpetenza dal Tribunal penal federal ch’èn cuntegnidas en leschas federalas spezialas restan resalvadas. SR 311.0 Versiun tenor la cifra II 7 da l’agiunta da la LF dals 19 da mars 2010 davart l’organisaziun da las autoritads penalas, en vigur dapi il 1. da schan. 2011 (AS 2010 3267; BBl 2008 8125). Versiun tenor la cifra II 1 da l’agiunta da la LF dals 18 da mars 2016 davart las multas disciplinaras, en vigur dapi il 1. da schan. 2018 (AS 2017 6559; BBl 2015 959). Versiun tenor la cifra I 3 da la LF dals 18 da zer. 2010 davart la midada da leschas federalas per realisar il Statut da Roma da la Curt penala internaziunala, en vigur dapi il 1. da schan. 2011 (AS 2010 4963; BBl 2008 3863). Versiun tenor la cifra I 12 da la LF dals 17 da dec. 2021 davart l’armonisaziun dal rom penal, en vigur dapi il 1. da fan. 2023 (AS 2023 259; BBl 2018 2827).Art. 24 Giurisdicziun federala en cas da criminalitad organisada, da malfatgs terroristics e da criminalitad economica A la giurisdicziun federala suttastattan ultra da quai ils malfatgs tenor ils artitgels 260, 260, 260, 305, 305 e 322–322 CP sco er ils crims che vegnan commess d’ina organisaziun criminala u terroristica en il senn da l’artitgel 260 CP, sch’ils malfatgs:a. èn vegnids commess per gronda part a l’exteriur;b. èn vegnids commess en plirs chantuns, senza ch’i saja avant maun ina clera predominanza en in dals chantuns pertutgads. En cas da crims dal segund e da l’indeschavel titel dal CP po la Procura publica da la Confederaziun avrir ina inquisiziun, sche:a. las premissas da l’alinea 1 èn ademplidas; eb. nagina autoritad da persecuziun penala s’occupa da la chaussa u l’autoritad chantunala da persecuziun penala cumpetenta dumonda la Procura publica da la Confederaziun da surpigliar la procedura. L’avertura d’ina inquisiziun tenor l’alinea 2 stabilescha la giurisdicziun federala. Versiun tenor la cifra II 3 da l’agiunta dal COF dals 25 da sett. 2020 davart l’approvaziun e la realisaziun da la Convenziun dal Cussegl da l’Europa per la prevenziun dal terrorissem e da ses protocol supplementar sco er davart il rinforzament da l’instrumentari penal cunter il terrorissem e la criminalitad organisada, en vigur dapi il 1. da fan. 2021 (AS 2021 360; BBl 2018 6427). SR 311.0 Versiun tenor la cifra II 3 da l’agiunta dal COF dals 25 da sett. 2020 davart l’approvaziun e la realisaziun da la Convenziun dal Cussegl da l’Europa per la prevenziun dal terrorissem e da ses protocol supplementar sco er davart il rinforzament da l’instrumentari penal cunter il terrorissem e la criminalitad organisada, en vigur dapi il 1. da fan. 2021 (AS 2021 360; BBl 2018 6427).Art. 25 Delegaziun als chantuns La Procura publica da la Confederaziun po incumbensar las autoritads chantunalas da retschertgar e da giuditgar, excepziunalmain mo da giuditgar, ina chaussa penala che suttastat a la giurisdicziun federala tenor l’artitgel 23. Exceptadas èn chaussas penalas tenor ils artitgels 23 alinea 1 litera g. En cas simpels po ella er incumbensar las autoritads chantunalas da retschertgar e da giuditgar ina chaussa penala che suttastat a la giurisdicziun federala tenor l’artitgel 24.Art. 26 Cumpetenza multipla Sch’il malfatg è vegnì commess en plirs chantuns u a l’exteriur u sch’ils delinquents, ils cumplizis u ils participants han lur domicil u lur lieu da dimora usità en differents chantuns, decida la Procura publica da la Confederaziun, tge chantun che retschertga e giuditgescha la chaussa penala. Sch’ina chaussa penala suttastat tant a la giurisdicziun federala sco er a la giurisdicziun chantunala, po la Procura publica da la Confederaziun ordinar che las proceduras vegnian unidas e surdadas a las autoritads federalas u a las autoritads chantunalas. Ina cumpetenza ch’è vegnida stabilida tenor l’alinea 2 vala vinavant, er sche quella part da la procedura che ha stabilì la cumpetenza vegn messa ad acta. Sch’i vegn en dumonda ina delegaziun en il senn da quest chapitel, tramettan las procuras publicas da la Confederaziun e dals chantuns ina a l’autra las actas per prender invista da quellas. Suenter la decisiun van las actas a quella autoritad che ha da retschertgar e da giuditgar la chaussa.Art. 27 Cumpetenza per emprimas investigaziuns Sch’in cas suttastat a la giurisdicziun federala, sche la chaussa è urgenta e sche las autoritads penalas da la Confederaziun n’èn betg anc vegnidas activas, pon las investigaziuns polizialas vegnir exequidas er da las autoritads chantunalas che fissan cumpetentas tenor las reglas da la dretgira cumpetenta. La Procura publica da la Confederaziun sto vegnir orientada immediatamain; il cas sto vegnir surdà ad ella respectivamain vegnir suttamess a sia decisiun tenor ils artitgels 25 u 26 uschè prest sco pussaivel. En cas da malfatgs ch’èn vegnids commess dal tuttafatg u per part en plirs chantuns u a l’exteriur e per ils quals la cumpetenza da la Confederaziun u d’in chantun n’è betg anc clera, pon las autoritads penalas da la Confederaziun far emprimas investigaziuns.Art. 28 ConflictsConflicts tranter la Procura publica da la Confederaziun e las autoritads penalas chantunalas vegnan decidids dal Tribunal penal federal.2. secziun Cumpetenza en cas da coincidenza da plirs malfatgsArt. 29 Princip da l’unitad da la procedura Malfatgs vegnan persequitads e giuditgads cuminaivlamain:a. sch’ina persuna inculpada ha commess plirs malfatgs; ub. en cas da cumplicitad u da participaziun. Sch’i sa tracta da malfatgs che tutgan per part a la cumpetenza da la Confederaziun u ch’èn vegnids commess en differents chantuns e da pliras persunas, han ils artitgels 25 e 33–38 la precedenza.Art. 30 ExcepziunsPer motivs materials pon la procura publica e las dretgiras separar u unir proceduras penalas.3. chapitel Dretgira cumpetenta1. secziun PrincipsArt. 31 Dretgira cumpetenta dal lieu dal malfatg Cumpetentas per persequitar e per giuditgar in malfatg èn las autoritads dal lieu, nua ch’il malfatg è vegnì commess. Sche mo il lieu, nua che l’effect dal malfatg è vegnì cuntanschì, sa chatta en Svizra, èn cumpetentas las autoritads da quest lieu. Sch’il malfatg è vegnì commess en plirs lieus u sche ses effect è vegnì cuntanschì en plirs lieus, èn cumpetentas las autoritads dal lieu, nua ch’ils emprims acts da persecuziun èn vegnids prendids per mauns. Sch’ina persuna inculpada ha commess plirs crims, delicts u surpassaments en il medem lieu, vegnan unidas las proceduras.Art. 32 Dretgira cumpetenta en cas da malfatgs commess a l’exteriur u en cas d’intschertezza davart il lieu dal malfatg Sch’in malfatg è vegnì commess a l’exteriur u sch’il lieu dal malfatg na po betg vegnir eruì, èn las autoritads dal lieu, nua che la persuna inculpada ha ses domicil u sia dimora usitada, cumpetentas per la persecuziun e per il giudicament. Sche la persuna inculpada n’ha ni in domicil ni ina dimora usitada en Svizra, èn cumpetentas las autoritads dal lieu d’origin; sch’i manca er in lieu d’origin, èn cumpetentas las autoritads dal lieu, nua che la persuna inculpada è vegnida inscuntrada. Sch’i manca ina dretgira cumpetenta tenor ils alineas 1 e 2, èn cumpetentas las autoritads dal chantun che ha pretendì l’extradiziun.2. secziun Dretgiras cumpetentas spezialasArt. 33 Dretgira cumpetenta en cas da pliras persunas participadas Ils participants d’in malfatg vegnan persequitads e giuditgads da las medemas autoritads sco il delinquent. Sch’in malfatg è vegnì commess da plirs cumplizis, èn cumpetentas las autoritads dal lieu, nua ch’ils emprims acts da persecuziun èn vegnids prendids per mauns.Art. 34 Dretgira cumpetenta en cas da malfatgs commess en differents lieus Sch’ina persuna inculpada ha commess plirs malfatgs en differents lieus, èn las autoritads dal lieu, nua ch’il malfatg smanatschà cun il chasti il pli grev è vegnì commess, cumpetentas per persequitar e per giuditgar tut ils malfatgs. Sche plirs malfatgs èn smanatschads cun il medem chasti, èn cumpetentas las autoritads dal lieu, nua ch’ils emprims acts da persecuziun èn vegnids prendids per mauns. Sch’ina accusaziun pervia d’in dals malfatgs è gia vegnida fatga en in chantun pertutgà il mument che la procedura per fixar la dretgira cumpetenta tenor ils artitgels 39–42 vegn exequida, vegnan las proceduras manadas separadamain. Sch’ina persuna è vegnida sentenziada da differentas dretgiras a plirs chastis da medem gener, fixescha la dretgira che ha pronunzià il chasti il pli grev in chasti total sin dumonda da la persuna sentenziada.Art. 35 Dretgira cumpetenta en cas da malfatgs commess tras las medias En cas d’in malfatg ch’è vegnì commess en Svizra tenor l’artitgel 28 CP èn cumpetentas las autoritads dal lieu, nua che l’interpresa da medias ha sia sedia. Sche l’autur è enconuschent e sch’el ha il domicil u la dimora usitada en Svizra, èn er cumpetentas las autoritads dal domicil u dal lieu da dimora usità. En quest cas vegn la procedura realisada là, nua ch’ils emprims acts da persecuziun èn vegnids prendids per mauns. En cas da delicts che vegnan persequitads sin plant po la persuna petenta tscherner tranter las duas dretgiras cumpetentas. Sch’i manca ina dretgira cumpetenta tenor ils alineas 1 e 2, èn cumpetentas las autoritads dal lieu, nua ch’il product da medias è vegnì derasà. Sch’il product da medias è vegnì derasà en plirs lieus, èn cumpetentas las autoritads dal lieu, nua ch’ils emprims acts da persecuziun èn vegnids prendids per mauns. SR 311.0Art. 36 Dretgira cumpetenta en cas da delicts da scussiun e da concurs ed en cas da proceduras penalas cunter interpresas En cas da malfatgs tenor ils artitgels 163–171 CP èn cumpetentas las autoritads al domicil, al lieu da dimora usità u a la sedia dal debitur. Per proceduras penalas cunter l’interpresa tenor l’artitgel 102 CP èn cumpetentas las autoritads a la sedia da l’interpresa. Il medem vala, sche la procedura sa drizza – pervia dals medems fatgs – er cunter ina persuna che agescha per l’interpresa. Sch’i manca ina dretgira cumpetenta tenor ils alineas 1 e 2, vegn ella determinada tenor ils artitgels 31–35. SR 311.0 Versiun tenor la cifra I 12 da la LF dals 17 da dec. 2021 davart l’armonisaziun dal rom penal, en vigur dapi il 1. da fan. 2023 (AS 2023 259; BBl 2018 2827).Art. 37 Dretgira cumpetenta en cas da confiscaziuns independentas Confiscaziuns independentas (art. 376–378) ston vegnir fatgas al lieu, nua ch’i sa chattan ils objects u las valurs da facultad che duain vegnir confiscads. Sch’ils objects u las valurs da facultad che duain vegnir confiscads sa chattan en plirs chantuns e sch’i stattan en connex in cun l’auter pervia dal medem malfatg u pervia dals medems delinquents, èn cumpetentas las autoritads dal lieu, nua che la procedura da confiscaziun è vegnida iniziada l’emprim.Art. 38 Fixaziun d’ina autra dretgira cumpetenta Las procuras publicas pon fixar tranter ellas in’autra dretgira cumpetenta che quella ch’è previsa en ils artitgels 31–37, sche la part predominanta da l’activitad delictuala u las relaziuns persunalas da la persuna inculpada pretendan quai u sch’i èn avant maun auters motivs plausibels. Per mantegnair ils dretgs processuals d’ina partida po l’instanza da recurs dal chantun – sin dumonda da questa partida u d’uffizi e suenter avair fatg l’accusaziun – surdar il giudicament ad in’autra dretgira chantunala d’emprima instanza ch’è cumpetenta en chaussa, e quai en divergenza da las prescripziuns da quest chapitel davart la dretgira cumpetenta.3. secziun Procedura per fixar la dretgira cumpetentaArt. 39 Examinaziun da la cumpetenza e cunvegna Las autoritads penalas examineschan d’uffizi lur cumpetenza e tramettan sche necessari in cas al post cumpetent. Sche pliras autoritads penalas paran dad esser localmain cumpetentas, s’infurmeschan las procuras publicas pertutgadas immediatamain davart ils elements essenzials dal cas e sa stentan da sa cunvegnir uschè svelt sco pussaivel.Art. 40 Conflicts davart la dretgira cumpetenta Sch’i dat conflicts tranter las autoritads penalas dal medem chantun pervia da la dretgira cumpetenta, vegnan quels decidids da la procura publica superiura u generala u, sch’ina tala n’è betg previsa, da l’instanza da recurs da quest chantun. Sche las autoritads da persecuziun penala da differents chantuns n’arrivan betg da sa cunvegnir davart la dretgira cumpetenta, suttametta la procura publica dal chantun ch’è stà fatschentà l’emprim cun la chaussa la dumonda immediatamain, en mintga cas avant che far l’accusaziun, al Tribunal penal federal per laschar decider en chaussa. L’autoritad ch’è responsabla per decider davart la dretgira cumpetenta po fixar in’autra dretgira cumpetenta che quella ch’è previsa en ils artitgels 31–37, sche la part predominanta da l’activitad delictuala u las relaziuns persunalas da la persuna inculpada pretendan quai u sch’i èn avant maun auters motivs plausibels. Versiun tenor la cifra I da la LF dals 17 da zer. 2022, en vigur dapi il 1. da schan. 2024 (AS 2023 468; BBl 2019 6697).Art. 41 Contestaziun da la dretgira cumpetenta tras las partidas Sch’ina partida vul contestar la cumpetenza da l’autoritad che sa fatschenta cun la procedura penala, sto ella pretender immediatamain che quella surdettia il cas a l’autoritad penala cumpetenta. Cunter la decisiun che las procuras publicas pertutgadas han prendì areguard la dretgira cumpetenta (art. 39 al. 2) pon las partidas far recurs entaifer 10 dis tar l’autoritad ch’è responsabla tenor l’artitgel 40 per decider davart la dretgira cumpetenta. Sche las procuras publicas han fixà in’autra dretgira cumpetenta (art. 38 al. 1), po mo la partida, da la quala la pretensiun tenor l’alinea 1 è vegnida refusada, far recurs cunter questa decisiun.Art. 42 Disposiziuns cuminaivlas Fin che la dretgira cumpetenta n’è betg vegnida fixada definitivamain, vegnan las mesiras urgentas prendidas da l’autoritad ch’è sa fatschentada l’emprim cun la chaussa. L’autoritad ch’è responsabla per decider davart la dretgira cumpetenta desi-gnescha sche necessari quella autoritad che sto sa fatschentar ad interim cun la chaussa. Persunas arrestadas vegnan pir manadas davant las autoritads d’auters chantuns, cur che la cumpetenza è vegnida fixada definitivamain. Ina dretgira cumpetenta ch’è vegnida fixada tenor ils artitgels 38–41 po vegnir midada mo per novs motivs impurtants e mo avant che far l’accusaziun.4. chapitel Assistenza giudiziala naziunala1. secziun Disposiziuns generalasArt. 43 Champ d’applicaziun e noziun Las disposiziuns da quest chapitel reglan l’assistenza giudiziala en chaussas penalas da vart da las autoritads da la Confederaziun e dals chantuns a favur da las procuras publicas, da las autoritads penalas per surpassaments e da las dretgiras da la Confederaziun e dals chantuns. Per la polizia valan questas disposiziuns, uschenavant ch’ella è activa tenor las instrucziuns da las procuras publicas, da las autoritads penalas per surpassaments e da las dretgiras. L’assistenza giudiziala directa tranter las autoritads da polizia da la Confederaziun e dals chantuns sco er dals chantuns tranter els è admessa, sch’ella na concerna betg mesiras repressivas che dastgan vegnir pronunziadas mo da la procura publica u da la dretgira. Sco assistenza giudiziala vala mintga mesira che vegn dumandada d’ina autoritad en il rom da sia cumpetenza en ina procedura penala pendenta.Art. 44 Obligaziun da prestar assistenza giudizialaLas autoritads da la Confederaziun e dals chantuns èn obligadas da prestar assistenza giudiziala, sche malfatgs tenor il dretg federal vegnan persequitads e giuditgads en applicaziun da questa lescha. La correctura da la Cumissiun da redacziun da l’AF dals 10 da nov. 2014, publitgada ils 25 da nov. 2014, pertutga mo il text franzos (AS 2014 4071).Art. 45 Sustegn A las autoritads penalas da la Confederaziun e dals auters chantuns mettan ils chantuns – sche necessari e pussaivel – a disposiziun localitads per lur activitad uffiziala sco er per la collocaziun da praschuniers d’inquisiziun. Sin dumonda da las autoritads penalas da la Confederaziun prendan ils chantuns las mesiras necessarias per garantir la segirezza da l’activitad uffiziala da questas autoritads.Art. 46 Correspundenza directa Las autoritads han contact direct ina cun l’autra. Las dumondas d’assistenza giudiziala pon vegnir fatgas en la lingua da l’autoritad petenta u dumandada. En cas d’intschertezza davart l’autoritad cumpetenta drizza l’autoritad petenta la dumonda d’assistenza giudiziala a la procura publica suprema dal chantun dumandà u da la Confederaziun. Quella la trametta al post cumpetent. Sin la pagina www.elorge.admin.ch po vegnir intercurì tge autoritad giudiziala svizra ch’è cumpetenta nua per inoltrar dumondas d’agid uffizial.Art. 47 Custs L’assistenza giudiziala vegn prestada gratuitamain. La Confederaziun paja als chantuns ils custs ch’ella ha chaschunà per il sustegn en il senn da l’artitgel 45. Ils custs chaschunads vegnan annunziads al chantun petent respectivamain a la Confederaziun, per ch’els possian vegnir adossads a las partidas ch’èn sentenziadas da pajar ils custs. Las obligaziuns d’indemnisaziun che resultan tras mesiras d’assistenza giudiziala vegnan surpigliadas dal chantun petent u da la Confederaziun.Art. 48 Conflicts Ils conflicts davart l’assistenza giudiziala tranter las autoritads dal medem chantun vegnan decidids definitivamain da l’instanza da recurs da quest chantun. Ils conflicts tranter las autoritads da la Confederaziun e dals chantuns sco er tranter las autoritads da differents chantuns vegnan decidids dal Tribunal penal federal.2. secziun Acts processuals sin dumonda da la Confederaziun u d’in auter chantunArt. 49 Princips Las procuras publicas e las dretgiras da la Confederaziun e dals chantuns pon pretender da las autoritads penalas d’auters chantuns u da la Confederaziun ch’ellas exequeschian acts processuals. L’autoritad dumandada n’examinescha betg l’admissibladad e l’adequatezza dals acts processuals pretendids. Per tractar recurs cunter mesiras d’assistenza giudiziala èn cumpetentas las autoritads dal chantun petent u da la Confederaziun. Tar las autoritads dal chantun dumandà u da la Confederaziun po vegnir contestada mo l’execuziun da la mesira d’assistenza giudiziala.Art. 50 Dumonda da mesiras repressivas Cun agid d’in cumond en scrit da manar ina persuna davant ella dumonda l’autoritad petenta da prender en fermanza ina persuna (art. 208). L’autoritad dumandada maina sche pussaivel las persunas prendidas en fermanza entaifer 24 uras davant l’autoritad petenta. Las dumondas d’autras mesiras repressivas vegnan motivadas curtamain. En cas urgents po la motivaziun vegnir furnida pli tard.Art. 51 Dretg da participaziun Las partidas, lur assistents giuridics e l’autoritad petenta pon sa participar als acts processuals pretendids, sche questa lescha prevesa quai. Sch’ina participaziun è pussaivla, communitgescha l’autoritad dumandada il lieu e las uras da l’act processual a l’autoritad petenta, a las partidas ed a lur assistents giuridics.3. secziun Acts processuals en in auter chantunArt. 52 Princips Las procuras publicas, las autoritads penalas per surpassaments e las dretgiras dals chantuns e da la Confederaziun han il dretg d’ordinar e d’exequir directamain en in auter chantun tut ils acts processuals en il senn da questa lescha. La procura publica dal chantun, nua che l’act processual duai vegnir exequì, vegn infurmada ordavant. En cas urgents po ella vegnir infurmada posteriuramain. Per dumandar infurmaziuns e per far consegnar actas na dovri nagina infurmaziun. Ils custs dals acts processuals e las obligaziuns d’indemnisaziun che resultan tras quai vegnan surpigliads da la Confederaziun u dal chantun che exequescha quests acts; la Confederaziun u il chantun po adossar quests custs a las partidas a norma dals artitgels 426 e 427.Art. 53 Sustegn da la poliziaSche l’autoritad petenta dovra il sustegn da la polizia per exequir in act processual, drizza ella ina dumonda correspundenta a la procura publica dal chantun dumandà; quella dat las incumbensas necessarias a la polizia locala.5. chapitel Assistenza giudiziala internaziunalaArt. 54 Applitgabladad da questa leschaLa concessiun da l’assistenza giudiziala internaziunala e la procedura d’assistenza giudiziala sa drizzan mo tenor questa lescha, uschenavant che autras leschas federalas e contracts internaziunals na cuntegnan naginas disposiziuns en chaussa.Art. 55 Cumpetenza en general Sch’in chantun s’occupa d’in cas d’assistenza giudiziala internaziunala, è cumpetenta la procura publica. Durant la procedura principala pon las dretgiras far sezzas dumondas d’assistenza giudiziala. Las cumpetenzas da las autoritads d’execuziun penala restan resalvadas. Sch’il dretg federal attribuescha incumbensas da l’assistenza giudiziala ad in’autoritad giudiziala, è cumpetenta l’instanza da recurs. Sch’in chantun, che s’occupa d’ina dumonda d’assistenza giudiziala da l’exteriur, exequescha acts processuals en auters chantuns, èn applitgablas las disposiziuns davart l’assistenza giudiziala naziunala. Ils chantuns reglan l’ulteriura procedura. Versiun tenor la cifra I da la LF dals 17 da zer. 2022, en vigur dapi il 1. da schan. 2024 (AS 2023 468; BBl 2019 6697).Art. 55a Cumpetenza da la dretgira da mesiras repressivasSch’ina autoritad da persecuziun penala svizra fa ina dumonda d’assistenza giudiziala per ina mesira repressiva che duai vegnir exequida a l’exteriur e sch’il stadi dumandà pretenda ina decisiun d’ina dretgira, è la dretgira da mesiras repressivas cumpetenta per approvar la mesira. Integrà tras la cifra I da la LF dals 17 da zer. 2022, en vigur dapi il 1. da schan. 2024 (AS 2023 468; BBl 2019 6697). 6. chapitel RecusaziunArt. 56 Motivs da recusaziunIna persuna che lavura tar in’autoritad penala prenda recusaziun, sch’ella:a. ha in interess persunal vi da la chaussa;b. è stada participada a la medema chaussa en in’autra posiziun, en spezial sco commembra d’ina autoritad, sco assistenta giuridica d’ina partida, sco experta u sco perditga;c. è maridada, viva en partenadi registrà u maina facticamain ina communitad da vita cun ina partida, cun ses assistent giuridic u cun ina persuna ch’è stada participada a la medema chaussa sco commembra da l’instanza precedenta;d. è parenta u quinada cun ina partida en lingia directa u fin e cun il terz grad da la lingia laterala;e. è parenta u quinada en lingia directa u fin e cun il segund grad da la lingia laterala cun l’assistent giuridic d’ina partida u cun ina persuna ch’è stada participada a la medema chaussa sco commembra da l’instanza precedenta;f. pudess esser implitgada per auters motivs, en spezial pervia d’amicizia u d’inimicizia cun ina partida u cun ses assistent giuridic.Art. 57 Obligaziun d’annunziaSch’ina persuna che lavura tar in’autoritad penala ha in motiv da prender recusaziun, communitgescha ella quai a temp a la direcziun da la procedura.Art. 58 Dumonda da recusaziun d’ina partida Sch’ina partida vul pretender la recusaziun d’ina persuna che lavura tar in’autoritad penala, sto ella far senza retardament ina dumonda correspundenta a la direcziun da la procedura, uschespert ch’ella ha enconuschientscha dal motiv da recusaziun; ils fatgs che motiveschan la recusaziun ston vegnir fatgs valair vardaivlamain. La persuna pertutgada prenda posiziun davart la dumonda.Art. 59 Decisiun Sch’i vegn fatg valair in motiv da recusaziun tenor l’artitgel 56 litera a u f ubain sch’ina persuna che lavura tar in’autoritad penala s’oppona ad ina dumonda da recusaziun fatga d’ina partida sin basa da l’artitgel 56 literas b–e, decida senza ulteriura procedura da cumprova:a. la procura publica, sche la polizia è pertutgada;b. l’instanza da recurs, sche la procura publica, las autoritads penalas per surpassaments u las dretgiras d’emprima instanza èn pertutgadas;c. la dretgira d’appellaziun, sche l’instanza da recurs u singuls commembers da la dretgira d’appellaziun èn pertutgads;d. il Tribunal penal federal, sche l’entira dretgira d’appellaziun d’in chantun è pertutgada. La decisiun vegn prendida en scrit e sto vegnir motivada. Fin che la decisiun n’è betg vegnida prendida, exequescha la persuna pertutgada vinavant ses uffizi. Sche la dumonda vegn approvada, van ils custs da procedura a quint da la Confederaziun respectivamain dal chantun. Sche la dumonda vegn refusada u sch’ella è evidentamain retardada u da levsenn, van ils custs a quint da la persuna petenta. Versiun tenor la cifra I da la LF dals 17 da zer. 2022, en vigur dapi il 1. da schan. 2024 (AS 2023 468; BBl 2019 6697). Versiun tenor la cifra II 3 da la LF dals 17 da mars 2017 (installaziun d’ina chombra d’appellaziun al TPF), en vigur dapi il 1. da schan. 2019 (AS 2017 5769; BBl 2013 7109, 2016 6199).Art. 60 Consequenzas da la violaziun da prescripziuns da recusaziun Acts uffizials, als quals ina persuna che sto prender recusaziun è stada participada, ston vegnir abolids e repetids, sch’ina partida pretenda quai entaifer 5 dis dapi ch’ella ha survegnì enconuschientscha da la decisiun da recusaziun. Cumprovas che na pon betg pli vegnir registradas dastgan vegnir resguardadas da l’autoritad penala. Sch’il motiv da recusaziun vegn scuvrì pir suenter la terminaziun da la procedura, valan las disposiziuns davart la revisiun.7. chapitel Direcziun da la procedura Rectifitgà da la Cumissiun da redacziun da l’AF (art. 58 al. 1 LParl; SR 171.10).Art. 61 CumpetenzaLa procedura vegn manada:a. fin ch’ella vegn messa ad acta u fin a l’accusaziun: da la procura publica;b. en la procedura penala per surpassaments: da l’autoritad penala per surpassaments;c. en la procedura giudiziala davant dretgiras colleghialas: dal president da la dretgira respectiva;d. en proceduras giudizialas davant derschaders singuls: dal derschader.Art. 62 Incumbensas generalas La direcziun da la procedura prenda las mesiras necessarias per che la procedura vegnia exequida en moda ordinada e confurm a la lescha. En la procedura davant ina dretgira colleghiala ha ella tut las cumpetenzas che n’èn betg resalvadas a la dretgira.Art. 63 Mesiras polizialas durant la procedura La direcziun da la procedura procura per segirezza, per quietezza e per urden durant las tractativas. Ella po admonir persunas che disturban l’andament da las fatschentas u che violeschan las reglas da maniera. En cas da recidiva las po ella privar dal pled, spedir or da la sala da tractativa e sche necessari laschar metter en fermanza da la polizia fin a la fin da la tractativa. Ella po laschar rumir la sala da tractativa. Ella po pretender il sustegn da la polizia ch’è cumpetenta al lieu da l’act processual. Sch’ina partida vegn exclusa, vegni tuttina cuntinuà cun l’act processual.Art. 64 Mesiras disciplinaras La direcziun da la procedura po chastiar persunas che disturban l’andament da las fatschentas, che violeschan las reglas da maniera u che na resguardan betg ordinaziuns proceduralas, e quai cun ina multa disciplinara da fin 1000 francs. Multas disciplinaras da la procura publica e da las dretgiras d’emprima instanza pon vegnir contestadas entaifer 10 tar l’instanza da recurs. Quella decida definitivamain.Art. 65 Contestabladad d’ordinaziuns proceduralas da las dretgiras Ordinaziuns proceduralas da las dretgiras pon vegnir contestadas mo ensemen cun la decisiun finala. Sche la direcziun da la procedura d’ina dretgira colleghiala ha prendì mesiras proceduralas avant la tractativa principala, po la dretgira las midar u abolir d’uffizi u sin dumonda.8. chapitel Reglas generalas da procedura1. secziun Tractativa a bucca; linguaArt. 66 Tractativa a buccaLas proceduras davant las autoritads penalas vegnan manadas a bucca, nun che questa lescha prevesia da las manar en scrit.Art. 67 Lingua da procedura La Confederaziun ed ils chantuns fixeschan las linguas da procedura da lur autoritads penalas. Las autoritads penalas dals chantuns mainan tut ils acts processuals en lur linguas da procedura; la direcziun da la procedura po permetter excepziuns.Art. 68 Translaziuns Sch’ina persuna ch’è participada a la procedura na chapescha betg la lingua da procedura u n’è betg en cas da s’exprimer bain avunda en questa lingua, engascha la direcziun da la procedura in translatur. En cas simpels u urgents e cun il consentiment da la persuna pertutgada po ella desister d’in translatur, sch’ella ed il protocollist san bain avunda la lingua estra. Er sche la persuna inculpada vegn assistida d’in defensur, la vegn almain il cuntegn essenzial dals acts processuals ils pli impurtants communitgà a bucca u en scrit en ina lingua ch’ella chapescha. In dretg sin la translaziun cumpletta da tut ils acts processuals sco er da las actas n’exista betg. Las actas che na fan betg part da las inoltraziuns da las partidas vegnan sche necessari translatadas en scrit u – per mauns dal protocol – a bucca. Per translatar l’interrogaziun da la victima d’in malfatg cunter l’integritad sexuala sto vegnir engaschada ina persuna da la medema schlattaina, sche la victima pretenda quai e sche quai è pussaivel senza retardar nuncunvegnentamain la procedura. Per ils translaturs valan las disposiziuns davart ils experts (art. 73, 105, 182–191) confurm al senn.2. secziun PublicitadArt. 69 Princips Las tractativas davant la dretgira d’emprima instanza e davant la dretgira d’appellaziun sco er la communicaziun a bucca da sentenzias e da conclus da questas dretgiras èn publicas, cun excepziun da las deliberaziuns. Sche las partidas han renunzià en quests cas da laschar communitgar publicamain la sentenzia u sch’igl è vegnì pronunzià in mandat penal, pon las persunas interessadas prender invista da las sentenzias e dals mandats penals. Betg publicas n’èn:a. la procedura preliminara; resalvadas restan communicaziuns da las autoritads penalas a la publicitad;b. la procedura da la dretgira da mesiras repressivas;c. la procedura da l’instanza da recurs e – sch’ella vegn manada en scrit – la procedura da la dretgira d’appellaziun;d. la procedura da mandat penal. Las tractativas publicas èn accessiblas a tuts, a persunas sut 16 onns dentant mo cun la permissiun da la direcziun da la procedura.Art. 70 Restricziuns ed exclusiun da la publicitad La dretgira po excluder dal tuttafatg u per part la publicitad da tractativas giudizialas:a. sche la segirezza publica u l’urden public u interess degns da vegnir protegids d’ina persuna participada, en spezial da la victima, pretendan quai;b. en cas da grondas fullas. Sche la publicitad è exclusa, pon la persuna inculpada, la victima e l’accusader privat sa laschar accumpagnar da maximalmain trais persunas da confidenza. Sut tschertas cundiziuns po la dretgira permetter a rapportaders da dretgira ed ad ulteriuras persunas che han in interess giustifitgà d’assister a las tractativas betg publicas tenor l’alinea 1. Sche la publicitad è vegnida exclusa, communitgescha la dretgira la sentenzia en ina tractativa publica u orientescha la publicitad sche necessari en in’autra moda adequata davart il resultat da la procedura.Art. 71 Registraziuns visualas e sonoras Registraziuns visualas e sonoras entaifer l’edifizi da dretgira sco er registraziuns d’acts processuals ordaifer l’edifizi da dretgira èn scumandadas. Cuntravenziuns pon vegnir chastiadas cun ina multa disciplinara tenor l’artitgel 64 alinea 1. Registraziuns nunautorisadas pon vegnir sequestradas.Art. 72 Rapportaders da dretgiraLa Confederaziun ed ils chantuns pon reglar l’admissiun sco er ils dretgs e las obligaziuns dals rapportaders da dretgira.3. secziun Mantegniment dal secret, orientaziun da la publicitad, communicaziun ad autoritadsArt. 73 Obligaziun da mantegnair il secret Ils commembers da las autoritads penalas, lur collavuraturs sco er ils experts nominads da las autoritads penalas tegnan secret ils fatgs ch’els èn vegnids a savair durant lur activitad uffiziala. Renviond a l’artitgel 292 CP po la direcziun da la procedura obligar l’accusader privat, autras persunas participadas a la procedura e lur assistents giuridics da tegnair secret ils fatgs davart la procedura e davart las persunas pertutgadas, sche l’intent da la procedura u in interess privat pretenda quai. Questa obligaziun sto vegnir limitada areguard il temp. SR 311.0Art. 74 Orientaziun da la publicitad La procura publica, las dretgiras e – cun lur consentiment – la polizia pon orientar la publicitad davart proceduras pendentas, sche quai è necessari:a. per che la populaziun coopereschia al scleriment da malfatgs u a la tschertga da persunas suspectadas;b. per admonir u per quietar la populaziun;c. per rectifitgar annunzias faussas u famas;d. pervia da l’impurtanza speziala d’in cas penal. Ultra da quai po la polizia infurmar da sai anora la publicitad davart accidents e davart malfatgs senza numnar nums. Orientond la publicitad ston vegnir resguardads il princip da la presumziun d’innocenza ed ils dretgs persunals da las persunas pertutgadas. En cas, nua ch’ina victima è involvida, dastgan las autoritads e las persunas privatas mo publitgar – ordaifer ina procedura giudiziala publica – sia identitad ed infurmaziuns che permettan da l’identifitgar, sche:a. igl è necessari che la populaziun coopereschia al scleriment da crims u a la tschertga da persunas suspectadas;b. la victima respectivamain ses confamigliars survivents dattan il consentiment a la publicaziun.Art. 75 Communicaziun ad autras autoritads Sch’ina persuna inculpada sa chatta en l’execuziun da chastis u da mesiras, infurmeschan las autoritads penalas las autoritads executivas cumpetentas davart novas proceduras penalas e davart las decisiuns decretadas. Las autoritads penalas infurmeschan las autoritads socialas sco er las autoritads per la protecziun d’uffants e da creschids davart proceduras penalas iniziadas sco er davart decisiuns penalas, sche quai è necessari per proteger ina persuna inculpada u donnegiada ubain ses confamigliars. Sch’ellas persequiteschan malfatgs, als quals persunas minorennas èn involvidas, e constateschan che ulteriuras mesiras èn necessarias, infurmeschan ellas immediatmain las autoritads per la protecziun d’uffants. La direcziun da la procedura infurmescha la Gruppa da defensiun davart proceduras penalas pendentas cunter militars u cunter persunas obligadas da far la mustra, sch’i existan infurmaziuns u indizis serius che questas persunas pudessan periclitar sasezzas u terzas persunas cun in’arma da fieu. La Confederaziun ed ils chantuns pon obligar u autorisar las autoritads penalas da far ulteriuras communicaziuns a las autoritads.Versiun tenor la cifra 2 da l’agiunta da la LF dals 15 da dec. 2017 (protecziun d’uffants), en vigur dapi il 1. da schan. 2019 (AS 2018 2947; BBl 2015 3431).Versiun tenor la cifra 2 da l’agiunta da la LF dals 15 da dec. 2017 (protecziun d’uffants), en vigur dapi il 1. da schan. 2019 (AS 2018 2947; BBl 2015 3431). Integrà tras la cifra I 2 da la LF dals 25 da sett. 2015 davart meglieraziuns dal barat d’infurmaziuns tranter autoritads en quai che concerna armas (AS 2016 1831; BBl 2014 303). Versiun tenor la cifra 3 da l’agiunta da la LF dals 18 da mars 2016, en vigur dapi il 1. da schan. 2018 (AS 2016 4277, 2017 2297; BBl 2014 6955).4. secziun ProtocolsArt. 76 Disposiziuns generalas Las deposiziuns da las partidas, las decisiuns a bucca da las autoritads sco er tut ils auters acts processuals che na vegnan betg exequids en scrit, vegnan protocollads. Il protocollist, la direcziun da la procedura ed in eventual translatur conferman ch’il protocol saja correct. La direcziun da la procedura è responsabla ch’ils acts processuals vegnian protocollads en moda cumpletta e correcta. Ella po ordinar che tscherts acts processuals na vegnian betg mo protocollads en scrit, mabain er ch’i vegnian fatgas dal tuttafatg u per part registraziuns visualas u sonoras. Ella infurmescha ordavant las persunas preschentas.Art. 77 Protocols da procedurasIls protocols da proceduras cuntegnan tut ils acts processuals essenzials ed infurmeschan en spezial davart:a. il gener, il lieu, la data e las uras dals acts processuals;b. ils nums dals commembers da las autoritads che han cooperà als acts processuals, da las partidas, da lur assistents giuridics sco er da las ulteriuras persunas preschentas;c. las pretensiuns da las partidas;d. il fatg che las persunas interrogadas sajan vegnids infurmadas davart lur dretgs e davart lur obligaziuns;e. las deposiziuns da las persunas interrogadas;f. l’andament da la procedura, las ordinaziuns da l’autoritad penala sco er l’observaziun da las prescripziuns formalas ch’èn previsas per ils singuls acts processuals;g. las actas ed auters mussaments ch’èn vegnids inoltrads da las persunas participadas a la procedura u ch’èn vegnids procurads en autra moda en la procedura penala;h. las decisiuns e lur motivaziun, nun ch’in exemplar separà da talas vegnia agiuntà a las actas.Art. 78 Protocols d’interrogaziuns en general Las deposiziuns da las partidas, da las perditgas, dals infurmaturs e dals experts vegnan protocolladas cuntinuadamain. Ils protocols vegnan redigids en la lingua da procedura; las deposiziuns essenzialas ston dentant vegnir protocolladas uschenavant sco pussaivel en la lingua che la persuna interrogada ha discurrì. Dumondas e respostas decisivas vegnan protocolladas pled per pled. La direcziun da la procedura po permetter a la persuna interrogada da dictar sezza sia deposiziun. Suenter la terminaziun da l’interrogaziun vegn il protocol prelegì u dà da leger a la persuna interrogada. Suenter avair prendì enconuschientscha dal protocol sto ella suttascriver quel e visar quel sin mintga pagina. Sch’ella refusescha da leger tras u da suttascriver il protocol, vegnan la refusaziun ed ils motivs ch’ella inditgescha remartgads en il protocol. ... En cas d’interrogaziuns sur videoconferenza vegnan la suttascripziun e la visada remplazzadas tras la decleranza a bucca da la persuna interrogada ch’ella haja prendì enconuschientscha dal protocol. La decleranza vegn remartgada en il protocol. Sche protocols scrits a maun n’èn betg bain legibels u sche las deposiziuns èn vegnidas registradas stenograficamain, vegnan els immediatamain scrits giu da net. Las notizias vegnan conservadas fin a la terminaziun da la procedura. Versiun tenor la cifra I da la LF dals 17 da zer. 2022, en vigur dapi il 1. da schan. 2024 (AS 2023 468; BBl 2019 6697). Integrà tras la cifra I 2 da la LF dals 28 da sett. 2012 (prescripziuns da protocollaziun), en vigur dapi il 1. da matg 2013 (AS 2013 851; BBl 2012 5707 5719). Abolì tras la cifra I da la LF dals 17 da zer. 2022, cun effect dapi il 1. da schan. 2024 (AS 2023 468; BBl 2019 6697). Versiun tenor la cifra I 2 da la LF dals 28 da sett. 2012 (prescripziuns da protocollaziun), en vigur dapi il 1. da matg 2013 (AS 2013 851; BBl 2012 5707 5719).Art. 78a Protocols d’interrogaziuns en cas da registraziun da l’interrogaziunSche l’interrogaziun vegn registrada cun agid da meds tecnics, valan las suandantas divergenzas da las reglas generalas (art. 78):a. empè d’ina protocollaziun currenta durant l’interrogaziun po il protocol vegnir scrit er pir pli tard sin basa da la registraziun, da princip dentant entaifer 7 dis suenter l’interrogaziun;b. l’autoritad interroganta po desister da preleger il protocol a la persuna interrogada u da laschar leger, suttascriver e visar il protocol da la persuna interrogada;c. la registraziun da l’interrogaziun vegn agiuntada immediatamain a las actas. Integrà tras la cifra I da la LF dals 17 da zer. 2022, en vigur dapi il 1. da schan. 2024 (AS 2023 468; BBl 2019 6697).Art. 79 Rectificaziun Sbagls evidents vegnan rectifitgads da la direcziun da la procedura ensemen cun il protocollist; suenter infurmescha ella las partidas en chaussa. Davart las dumondas da rectifitgar il protocol decida la direcziun da la procedura. Las rectificaziuns, las midadas, las stritgadas e las integraziuns vegnan autentifitgadas dal protocollist e da la direcziun da la procedura. Las midadas dal cuntegn vegnan fatgas uschia che la protocollaziun oriunda resta visibla.5. secziun DecisiunsArt. 80 Furma Las decisiuns davart dumondas penalas e civilas specificas sco er las decisiuns posteriuras independentas e las decisiuns da confiscaziun independentas vegnan decretadas en furma d’ina sentenzia. Las autras decisiuns vegnan decretadas en furma d’in conclus, sch’ellas vegnan prendidas d’ina autoritad colleghiala, ed en furma d’ina disposiziun, sch’ellas vegnan prendidas d’ina persuna singula. Las disposiziuns da la procedura da mandat penal restan resalvadas. Las decisiuns vegnan decretadas en scrit e vegnan motivadas. Ellas vegnan suttascrittas da la direcziun da la procedura sco er dal protocollist e tramessas a las partidas. Disposiziuns e conclus procedurals simpels na ston ni vegnir redigids en ina furma speziala ni vegnir motivads; i vegnan remartgads en il protocol e communitgads en moda adequata a las partidas. Versiun da l’emprima e segunda frasa tenor la cifra I da la LF dals 17 da zer. 2022, en vigur dapi il 1. da schan. 2024 (AS 2023 468; BBl 2019 6697).Art. 81 Cuntegn da las decisiuns finalas Las sentenzias ed autras decisiuns che mainan a fin la procedura cuntegnan:a. ina introducziun;b. ina motivaziun;c. in dispositiv;d. sch’ellas èn contestablas: l’indicaziun dals meds legals. L’introducziun cuntegna:a. la designaziun da l’autoritad penala e da ses commembers che han cooperà a la decisiun;b. la data da la decisiun;c. ina designaziun suffizienta da las partidas e da lur assistents giuridics;d. en cas da sentenzias: las pretensiuns finalas da las partidas. La motivaziun cuntegna:a. en cas da sentenzias: l’appreziaziun effectiva e giuridica dal cumportament che vegn renfatschà a la persuna inculpada, la motivaziun da las sancziuns, da las consequenzas accessoricas sco er da las obligaziuns da surpigliar ils custs e las indemnisaziuns;b. en cas d’autras decisiuns che mainan a fin la procedura: ils motivs per manar a fin la procedura sco previs. Il dispositiv cuntegna:a. la designaziun da las disposiziuns legalas applitgadas;b. en cas da sentenzias: la decisiun davart la culpa e davart la sancziun, davart las obligaziuns da surpigliar ils custs e las indemnisaziuns sco er davart eventuals plants civils;c. en cas d’autras decisiuns che mainan a fin la procedura: l’ordinaziun da liquidar la procedura;d. las decisiuns giudizialas posteriuras;e. la decisiun davart las consequenzas accessoricas;f. la designaziun da las persunas e da las autoritads che survegnan ina copia da la decisiun u dal dispositiv.Art. 82 Restricziuns da l’obligaziun da motivaziun La dretgira d’emprima instanza renunzia ad ina motivaziun en scrit, sch’ella:a. motivescha a bucca la sentenzia; eb. na pronunzia betg in chasti da detenziun da passa 2 onns, in internament tenor l’artitgel 64 CP, in tractament tenor l’artitgel 59 CP u – en cas che sancziuns cundiziunadas ston vegnir revocadas a medem temp – ina privaziun da la libertad da passa 2 onns. La dretgira trametta posteriuramain ina sentenzia motivada a las partidas, sche:a. ina partida pretenda quai entaifer 10 dis suenter la consegna dal dispositiv;b. ina partida fa recurs. Sche mo l’accusader privat pretenda ina sentenzia motivada u sche mo el fa recurs, motivescha la dretgira la sentenzia mo uschenavant che quella sa referescha al cumportament chastiabel a disfavur da l’accusader privat ed a sias pretensiuns civilas. En la procedura da recurs po la dretgira renviar a la motivaziun da l’instanza precedenta per l’appreziaziun effectiva e giuridica dals fatgs accusads. Versiun tenor la cifra I da la LF dals 17 da zer. 2022, en vigur dapi il 1. da schan. 2024 (AS 2023 468; BBl 2019 6697). SR 311.0Art. 83 Explicaziun e rectificaziun da decisiuns Sch’il dispositiv d’ina decisiun n’è betg cler, sch’el è cuntradictoric u incumplet u sch’el stat en cuntradicziun cun la motivaziun, explitgescha u rectifitgescha l’autoritad penala che ha pronunzià la sentenzia la decisiun, e quai sin dumonda d’ina partida u d’uffizi. La dumonda sto vegnir inoltrada en scrit; las passaschas contestadas respectivamain las midadas giavischadas ston vegnir inditgadas. L’autoritad penala dat la pussaivladad a las autras partidas da s’exprimer davart la dumonda. La decisiun explitgada u rectifitgada vegn communitgada a las partidas.6. secziun Communicaziun da las decisiuns e consegnaArt. 84 Communicaziun da las decisiuns Sche la procedura è publica, communitgescha la dretgira a bucca la sentenzia suenter la deliberaziun da la sentenzia, motivond quella curtamain. La dretgira consegna il dispositiv da la sentenzia a las partidas a la fin da la tractativa principala u las trametta quest dispositiv entaifer 5 dis. Sche la dretgira na po betg pronunziar immediatamain la sentenzia, fa ella quai uschè prest sco pussaivel e communitgescha la sentenzia en ina nova tractativa principala. Sche las partidas renunzian en quest cas da laschar communitgar publicamain la sentenzia, las trametta la dretgira immediatamain il dispositiv suenter avair pronunzià la sentenzia. Sche la dretgira sto motivar la sentenzia, trametta ella entaifer 60 dis, excepziunalmain entaifer 90 dis, la sentenzia cumpletta e motivada a la persuna inculpada ed a la procura publica, a las autras partidas mo quellas parts da la sentenzia che concernan lur pretensiuns. L’autoritad penala communitgescha a las partidas en scrit u a bucca las disposiziuns ed ils conclus procedurals simpels. Las decisiuns ston vegnir communitgadas ad autras autoritads tenor las disposiziuns dal dretg federal e chantunal, las decisiuns da recurs er a l’instanza precedenta e las decisiuns ch’èn entradas en vigur sche necessari a las autoritads d’execuziun ed a las autoritads dal register penal.Art. 85 Furma da las communicaziuns e da la consegna Per lur communicaziuns dovran las autoritads penalas la furma scritta, nun che questa lescha fixeschia insatge auter. La consegna ha lieu tras spediziun postala recumandada u en autra moda cun confermar la recepziun, en spezial tras la polizia. La consegna vegn considerada sco succedida, sche la spediziun è vegnida recepida da l’adressat u d’ina persuna che ha almain 16 onns e ch’è emploiada u che viva en la medema chasada. Resalvadas restan ordinaziuns da las autoritads penalas da consegnar ina communicaziun persunalmain a l’adressat. Plinavant vegn la consegna considerada sco succedida:a. en cas d’ina spediziun postala recumandada che n’è betg vegnida retratga: il 7. di suenter ch’igl è vegnì empruvà da consegnar la spediziun senza success, sche la persuna stueva far quint cun ina consegna;b. en cas d’ina consegna persunala, sche l’adressat refusescha da recepir la spediziun e sche quai vegn attestà dal consegnader: il di da la refusaziun.Art. 86 Consegna electronica Cun il consentiment da la persuna pertutgada pon communicaziuns vegnir consegnadas sin via electronica. Ellas ston vegnir munidas cun ina signatura electronica tenor la Lescha federala dals 18 da mars 2016 davart la signatura electronica. Il Cussegl federal regla:a. la signatura che sto vegnir utilisada;b. il format da las communicaziuns e da sias agiuntas;c. la moda e maniera da la transmissiun;d. il mument, il qual la communicaziun vala sco consegnada. Versiun tenor la cifra II 7 da l’agiunta da la LF dals 18 da mars 2016 davart la signatura electronica, en vigur dapi il 1. da schan. 2017 (AS 2016 4651; BBl 2014 1001). SR 943.03Art. 87 Domicil da consegna Las communicaziuns ston vegnir tramessas als adressats a lur domicil, a lur lieu da dimora usità u a lur sedia. Las partidas ed ils assistents giuridics cun domicil, cun lieu da dimora usità u cun sedia a l’exteriur ston designar in domicil da consegna en Svizra; resalvadas restan cunvegnas sin basa da contracts internaziunals, tenor las qualas las communicaziuns pon vegnir tramessas directamain. Sche las partidas han nominà in assistent giuridic, vegnan las communicaziuns tramessas valaivlamain a quel. Sch’ina partida sto cumparair persunalmain ad ina tractativa u exequir sezza acts processuals, la vegn la communicaziun tramessa directamain. A l’assistent giuridic vegn tramessa ina copia.Art. 88 Publicaziun uffiziala La consegna ha lieu tras ina publicaziun en il fegl uffizial designà tras la Confederaziun u tras il chantun, sche:a. il lieu da dimora da l’adressat n’è betg enconuschent e na po betg vegnir eruì, malgrà retschertgas pretendiblas;b. ina consegna n’è betg pussaivla u fiss colliada cun malcumadaivladads extraordinarias;c. ina partida u ses assistent giuridic cun domicil, cun lieu da dimora usità u cun sedia a l’exteriur n’ha betg designà in domicil da consegna en Svizra. La consegna vegn considerada sco succedida il di da la publicaziun. Da decisiuns finalas vegn publitgà mo il dispositiv. Disposiziuns da sistida e mandats penals vegnan considerads sco consegnads er senza publicaziun.7. secziun Termins e datasArt. 89 Disposiziuns generalas Termins legals na pon betg vegnir prolungads. En la procedura penala na datti naginas vacanzas da dretgira.Art. 90 Cumenzament e calculaziun dals termins Termins che vegnan activads tras ina communicaziun u tras l’entrada d’in eveniment cumenzan a currer il di suenter. Sche l’ultim di dal termin è ina sonda, ina dumengia u in firà ch’è renconuschì tras il dretg federal u chantunal, finescha il termin l’emprim lavurdi suandant. Decisiv è il dretg dal chantun, en il qual la partida u ses assistent giuridic ha ses domicil u sia sedia. Versiun tenor la cifra II 7 da l’agiunta da la LF dals 19 da mars 2010 davart l’organisaziun da las autoritads penalas, en vigur dapi il 1. da schan. 2011 (AS 2010 3267; BBl 2008 8125).Art. 91 Observaziun da termins Il termin è observà, sche l’act processual vegn exequì tar l’autoritad cumpetenta il pli tard l’ultim di dal termin. Las inoltraziuns ston vegnir consegnadas a l’autoritad penala il pli tard l’ultim di dal termin u surdadas – per mauns da l’autoritad penala – a la Posta svizra u ad ina represchentanza svizra diplomatica u consulara u, en cas da persunas arrestadas, a la direcziun da l’instituziun. Per l’observaziun d’in termin en cas d’ina inoltraziun electronica è decisiv il mument, il qual vegn emessa la quittanza che conferma che la partida ha terminà tut ils pass ch’èn necessaris per la transmissiun. Il termin vala medemamain sco observà, sche l’inoltraziun entra il pli tard l’ultim di dal termin tar in’autoritad svizra betg cumpetenta. Quella trametta immediatamain vinavant l’inoltraziun a l’autoritad penala cumpetenta. Il termin per in pajament ad in’autoritad penala è observà, sche l’import è vegnì surdà a la Posta svizra u pajà sin in conto da posta u da banca en Svizra a favur da l’autoritad penala, e quai il pli tard l’ultim di dal termin. Versiun tenor la cifra II 7 da l’agiunta da la LF dals 18 da mars 2016 davart la signatura electronica, en vigur dapi il 1. da schan. 2017 (AS 2016 4651; BBl 2014 1001).Art. 92 Prolungaziun da termins e spustament da datasLas autoritads pon prolungar ils termins ch’ellas han fixà e spustar las datas da las tractativas, e quai d’uffizi u sin dumonda. La dumonda sto vegnir fatga avant la scadenza dal termin ed esser motivada suffizientamain.Art. 93 NegligientschaIna partida è negligenta, sch’ella n’exequescha betg in act processual entaifer il termin fixà u sch’ella na cumpara betg ad in termin.Art. 94 Restituziun Sch’ina partida ha negligì in termin e sche quai chaschunass per ella ina perdita da dretg considerabla e nunremplazzabla, po ella pretender la restituziun dal termin; per quest intent sto ella far valair vardaivlamain ch’ella na saja betg la culpa da la negligientscha. La dumonda da restituziun sto vegnir inoltrada en scrit e cun ina motivaziun a l’autoritad, tar la quala l’act processual negligì avess stuì vegnir exequì, e quai entaifer 30 dis suenter ch’il motiv da negligientscha è crudà davent. Entaifer il medem termin sto vegnir prendì suenter l’act processual negligì. La dumonda ha mo in effect suspensiv, sche l’autoritad cumpetenta conceda in tal. Davart la dumonda da restituziun decida l’autoritad penala en ina procedura en scrit. Ils alineas 1–4 valan confurm al senn en cas da datas negligidas. Sche la restituziun vegn concedida, fixescha la direcziun da la procedura ina nova data. Resalvadas restan las disposiziuns davart la procedura contumaziala.8. secziun Elavuraziun da datasArt. 95 Procuraziun da datas persunalas Las datas persunalas ston vegnir procuradas tar la persuna pertutgada u en ina moda ch’è visibla per ella, sche quai na periclitescha betg la procedura u na chaschuna betg in volumen da lavur sproporziunà. Sche la procuraziun da datas persunalas n’è betg stada visibla per la persuna pertutgada, sto ella vegnir infurmada immediatamain en chaussa. Per proteger interess publics u privats predominants po l’infurmaziun vegnir tralaschada u suspendida.Art. 95a Elavuraziun da datas persunalasElavurond datas persunalas guardan las autoritads penalas cumpetentas da distinguer uschè bain sco pussaivel:a. tranter las differentas categorias da persunas pertutgadas;b. tranter datas persunalas che sa basan sin fatgs e datas persunalas che sa basan sin valitaziuns persunalas. Integrà tras la cifra II 3 da la LF dals 28 da sett. 2018 davart la realisaziun da la directiva (UE) 2016/680 concernent la protecziun da persunas natiralas en connex cun l’elavuraziun da datas persunalas per la prevenziun, l’investigaziun, la scuvrida u la persecuziun da malfatgs u per l’execuziun penala, en vigur dapi il 1. da mars 2019 (AS 2019 625; BBl 2017 6941).Art. 96 Communicaziun ed utilisaziun en cas da proceduras penalas pendentas L’autoritad penala dastga communitgar datas persunalas d’ina procedura pendenta per utilisar quellas en in’autra procedura pendenta, sch’ins dastga supponer che las datas possian furnir infurmaziuns essenzialas. Resalvads restan:a. ils artitgels 14 e 20 da la Lescha federala dals 21 da mars 1997 davart mesiras per mantegnair la segirezza interna;a. ils artitgels 19 e 20 da la Lescha federala dals 25 da settember 2015 davart il servetsch d’infurmaziun;b. las prescripziuns da la Lescha federala dals 13 da zercladur 2008 davart ils sistems d’infurmaziun da polizia da la Confederaziun;c. las prescripziuns da la Lescha federala dals 7 d’october 1994 davart ils posts centrals da polizia criminala da la Confederaziun. Versiun tenor la cifra I da la LF dals 17 da zer. 2022, en vigur dapi il 1. da schan. 2024 (AS 2023 468; BBl 2019 6697). SR 120 Integrà tras la cifra I da la LF dals 17 da zer. 2022, en vigur dapi il 1. da schan. 2024 (AS 2023 468; BBl 2019 6697). SR 121 SR 361 SR 360 Versiun tenor la cifra I 1 lit. a da l’agiunta 2 da la LF dals 13 da zer. 2008 davart ils sistems d’infurmaziun da polizia da la Confederaziun, en vigur dapi il 1. da schan. 2011 (AS 2008 4989; BBl 2006 5061).Art. 97 Dretgs da survegnir infurmaziuns en cas da proceduras pendentasUschè ditg ch’ina procedura è pendenta, han las partidas e las autras persunas participadas a la procedura il dretg da vegnir infurmadas davart las datas persunalas che las concernan, e quai a norma da lur dretg da prender invista da las actas.Art. 98 Rectificaziun da datas Datas persunalas incorrectas vegnan rectifitgadas immediatamain da las autoritads penalas cumpetentas. Ellas infurmeschan immediatamain l’autoritad, la quala las ha transmess u mess a disposiziun questas datas u a la quala ellas han communitgà questas datas, che questas datas sajan vegnidas rectifitgadas. Versiun tenor la cifra II 3 da la LF dals 28 da sett. 2018 davart la realisaziun da la directiva (UE) 2016/680 concernent la protecziun da persunas natiralas en connex cun l’elavuraziun da datas persunalas per la prevenziun, l’investigaziun, la scuvrida u la persecuziun da malfatgs u per l’execuziun penala, en vigur dapi il 1. da mars 2019 (AS 2019 625; BBl 2017 6941).Art. 99 Elavuraziun e conservaziun da datas persunalas suenter la terminaziun da la procedura Suenter la terminaziun da la procedura sa drizzan l’elavuraziun da las datas persunalas, la procedura e la protecziun giuridica tenor las disposiziuns dal dretg da protecziun da datas da la Confederaziun e dals chantuns. La durada da la conservaziun da datas persunalas suenter la terminaziun d’ina procedura sa drizza tenor l’artitgel 103. Resalvadas restan las prescripziuns da la Lescha federala dals 7 d’october 1994 davart ils posts centrals da polizia criminala da la Confederaziun, da la Lescha federala dals 13 da zercladur 2008 davart ils sistems d’infurmaziun da polizia da la Confederaziun sco er las disposiziuns da questa lescha davart ils documents dal servetsch d’identificaziun e davart ils profils dal DNA. SR 360 SR 361 Versiun tenor la cifra I 1 lit. a da l’agiunta 2 da la LF dals 13 da zer. 2008 davart ils sistems d’infurmaziun da polizia da la Confederaziun, en vigur dapi il 1. da schan. 2011 (AS 2008 4989; BBl 2006 5061).9. secziun Gestiun, invista e conservaziun da las actasArt. 100 Gestiun da las actas Per mintga chaussa penala vegn manà in dossier. Quel cuntegna:a. ils protocols da proceduras e d’interrogaziuns;b. las actas rimnadas da l’autoritad penala;c. las actas inoltradas da las partidas. La direcziun da la procedura procura che las actas vegnian archivadas sistematicamain e ch’ellas vegnian registradas cuntinuadamain en ina glista; en cas simpels po ella desister d’ina glista.Art. 101 Invista da las actas en cas da proceduras pendentas Il pli tard suenter l’emprima interrogaziun da la persuna inculpada e suenter la registraziun da las ulteriuras cumprovas las pli impurtantas tras la procura publica pon las partidas prender invista da las actas; l’artitgel 108 resta resalvà. Autras autoritads pon prender invista da las actas, sch’ellas dovran quellas per elavurar proceduras civilas, penalas u administrativas pendentas e sche nagins interess publics u privats predominants na s’opponan a quai. Terzas persunas pon prender invista da las actas, sch’ellas pon far valair per quest intent in interess scientific u in auter interess degn da vegnir protegì e sche nagins interess publics u privats predominants na s’opponan a quai.Art. 102 Proceder en cas da dumondas da prender invista da las actas La direcziun da la procedura decida davart l’invista da las actas. Ella prenda las mesiras necessarias per impedir abus e retardaments e per proteger interess giustifitgads da mantegnair il secret. Da las actas stoi vegnir prendì invista a la sedia da l’autoritad penala respectiva u – sco assistenza giudiziala – tar in’autra autoritad penala. Ad autras autoritads sco er als assistents giuridics da las partidas vegnan ellas per regla tramessas. Tgi che ha il dretg da prender invista, po pretender ch’el survegnia – cunter ina taxa – copias da las actas.Art. 103 Conservaziun da las actas Las actas ston vegnir conservadas almain fin a la scadenza da la surannaziun da la persecuziun penala e da l’execuziun. Exceptads èn documents originals ch’èn vegnids prendids tar las actas; els ston vegnir returnads a las persunas autorisadas cunter ina quittanza, uschespert che la decisiun davart la chaussa penala è entrada en vigur.3. titel Partidas ed autras persunas participadas a la procedura1. chapitel Disposiziuns generalas1. secziun Noziun e posiziunArt. 104 Partidas Partidas èn:a. la persuna inculpada;b. l’accusader privat;c. en la procura principala ed en la procedura da recurs: la procura publica. La Confederaziun ed ils chantuns pon conceder dretgs da partida cumplains u limitads ad ulteriuras autoritads che han da defender interess publics.Art. 105 Autras persunas participadas a la procedura Autras persunas participadas a la procedura èn:a. la persuna donnegiada;b. la persuna che fa la denunzia;c. la perditga;d. l’infurmatur;e. l’expert;f. ina terza persuna ch’è engrevgiada tras acts processuals. Sch’ils dretgs da persunas, ch’èn participadas a la procedura e ch’èn numnadas en l’alinea 1, vegnan pertutgads directamain, han questas persunas ils dretgs processuals d’ina partida ch’èn necessaris per defender lur interess.Art. 106 Capacitad da processar Ina partida po mo exequir valaivlamain acts processuals, sch’ella è abla d’agir. Ina persuna inabla d’agir vegn represchentada tras ses represchentant legal. Ultra da ses represchentant legal po ina persuna ch’è abla da giuditgar, ma inabla d’agir, exequir quels dretgs processuals ch’èn da natira strictamain persunala.Art. 107 Dretg sin attenziun giuridica Las partidas han il dretg sin attenziun giuridica; en spezial pon ellas:a. prender invista da las actas;b. sa participar ad acts processuals;c. engaschar in assistent giuridic;d. s’exprimer davart la chaussa e davart la procedura;e. far propostas da cumprova. Sche las partidas n’han naginas enconuschientschas giuridicas, las rendan las autoritads penalas attentas a lur dretgs.Art. 108 Restricziuns da l’attenziun giuridica Las autoritads penalas pon restrenscher l’attenziun giuridica, sche:a. igl exista in suspect motivà ch’ina partida fetschia abus da ses dretgs;b. quai è necessari per garantir la segirezza da persunas u per defender ils interess publics u privats da mantegnair il secret. Restricziuns envers ils assistents giuridics èn mo admissiblas, sche l’assistent giuridic dat sez il motiv per la restricziun. Las restricziuns ston vegnir limitadas areguard il temp u areguard singuls acts processuals. Sch’il motiv da la restricziun exista vinavant, dastgan las autoritads penalas mo prender lur decisiuns sin basa dad actas che n’èn betg vegnidas communitgadas ad ina partida, uschenavant ch’il cuntegn essenzial da talas è vegnì rendì enconuschent a questa partida. Sch’il motiv da la restricziun è crudà davent, sto l’attenziun giuridica vegnir concedida posteriuramain en ina furma adequata.2. secziun Acts processuals da las partidasArt. 109 Inoltraziuns Las partidas pon suttametter da tut temp inoltraziuns a la direcziun da la procedura; resalvadas restan disposiziuns spezialas da questa lescha. La direcziun da la procedura examinescha las inoltraziuns e dat a las autras partidas la pussaivladad da prender posiziun.Art. 110 Furma Las inoltraziuns pon vegnir suttamessas en scrit u – per mauns dal protocol – a bucca. Las inoltraziuns en scrit ston vegnir datadas e suttascrittas. En cas d’ina consegna electronica sto l’inoltraziun vegnir munida cun ina signatura electronica qualifitgada tenor la Lescha federala dals 18 da mars 2016 davart la signatura electronica. Il Cussegl federal regla:a. il format da l’inoltraziun e da sias agiuntas;b. la moda e maniera da la transmissiun;c. las premissas, sut las qualas i po vegnir pretendì ch’ils documents vegnian anc tramess sin palpiri en cas da problems tecnics. Dal rest na suttastattan ils acts processuals a naginas prescripziuns formalas, nun che questa lescha fixeschia insatge auter. La direcziun da la procedura po refusar inoltraziuns illegiblas, nunchapiblas, nuncunvegnentas u bler memia extendidas; ella fixescha in termin per curreger l’inoltraziun e renda attent che l’inoltraziun na vegnia betg resguardada, sch’ella na vegn betg curregida. SR 943.03 Versiun tenor la cifra II 7 da l’agiunta da la LF dals 18 da mars 2016 davart la signatura electronica, en vigur dapi il 1. da schan. 2017 (AS 2016 4651; BBl 2014 1001).2. chapitel Persuna inculpadaArt. 111 Noziun Sco persuna inculpada vala quella persuna che vegn – sin basa d’ina denunzia penala, d’in plant penal u d’in act processual exequì tras in’autoritad penala – suspectada, inculpada u accusada d’avair commess in malfatg. Ils dretgs e las obligaziuns d’ina persuna inculpada valan er per persunas, da las qualas la procedura duai vegnir reaverta suenter ina sistida u suenter ina sentenzia en il senn da l’artitgel 323 u dals artitgels 410–415.Art. 112 Proceduras penalas cunter interpresas En ina procedura penala cunter ina interpresa vegn l’interpresa represchentada tras in’unica persuna ch’è autorisada da represchentar illimitadamain l’interpresa en fatschentas civilas. Sche l’interpresa na nominescha betg in tal represchentant entaifer in termin adequat, fixescha la direcziun da la procedura – or dal circul da las persunas ch’èn autorisadas da represchentar l’interpresa en fatschentas civilas – quella persuna che represchenta l’interpresa en la procedura penala. Sch’ina inquisiziun penala vegn averta cunter la persuna che represchenta l’interpresa en la procedura penala pervia dal medem fatg u pervia d’in fatg che ha in connex cun tal, sto l’interpresa designar in auter represchentant. Sche necessari fixescha la direcziun da la procedura in’autra persuna sco represchentanta tenor l’alinea 2 u, sch’ina tala na stat betg a disposiziun, ina terza persuna adattada. Sch’i vegnan manadas tant ina procedura cunter ina persuna natirala sco er ina procedura cunter ina interpresa pervia dal medem fatg u pervia d’in fatg che ha in connex cun tal, pon vegnir unidas las proceduras.Art. 113 Posiziun La persuna inculpada na sto betg far deposiziuns cunter sasezza. En spezial ha ella il dretg da refusar da far deposiziuns e da cooperar en la procedura penala. Ella sto dentant sa suttametter a las mesiras repressivas previsas da la lescha. Sche la persuna inculpada refusescha da cooperar, vegni tuttina cuntinuà cun la procedura.Art. 114 Capacitad da sa participar a las tractativas Ina persuna inculpada è abla da sa participar a las tractativas, sch’ella è corporalmain e spiertalmain en cas da suandar las tractativas. En cas d’incapacitad temporara da sa participar a las tractativas vegnan ils acts processuals urgents exequids en preschientscha da la defensiun. Sche l’incapacitad da sa participar a las tractativas dura vinavant, vegn la procedura penala suspendida u messa ad acta. Resalvadas restan las disposiziuns spezialas per proceduras cunter ina persuna inculpada ch’è penalmain irresponsabla.3. chapitel Persuna donnegiada, victima ed accusader privat1. secziun Persuna donnegiadaArt. 115 Sco persuna donnegiada vala quella persuna ch’è vegnida violada directamain en ses dretgs tras il malfatg. La persuna ch’è autorisada da purtar in plant penal vala en mintga cas sco persuna donnegiada.2. secziun VictimaArt. 116 Noziuns Sco victima vala la persuna donnegiada ch’è vegnida violada directamain en sia integritad corporala, sexuala u psichica tras il malfatg. Sco confamigliars da la victima valan ses conjugal, ses uffants e ses geniturs sco er persunas che han lioms sumegliants cun la victima.Art. 117 Posiziun La victima ha dretgs particulars, en spezial:a. il dretg sin protecziun da la persunalitad (art. 70 al. 1 lit. a, 74 al. 4, 152 al. 1);b. il dretg sin accumpagnament tras ina persuna da confidenza (art. 70 al. 2, 152 al. 2);c. il dretg sin mesiras da protecziun (art. 152–154);d. il dretg da refusar da far deposiziuns (art. 169 al. 4);e. il dretg da survegnir infurmaziuns (art. 305 e 330 al. 3);f. il dretg sin ina cumposiziun speziala da la dretgira (art. 335 al. 4);g. il dretg da survegnir gratuitamain da la dretgira u da la procura publica la decisiun u il mandat penal en il cas giuridic, en il qual ella è victima, nun ch’ella desistia explicitamain da quai. Sche la victima ha main che 18 onns, vegnan ultra da quai applitgadas las disposiziuns spezialas per proteger sia persunalitad, en spezial concernent:a. restricziuns a chaschun da la confruntaziun cun la persuna inculpada (art. 154 al. 4);b. mesiras da protecziun spezialas per interrogaziuns (art. 154 al. 2–4);c. la sistida da la procedura (art. 319 al. 2). Sch’ils confamigliars da la victima fan valair pretensiuns civilas, han els ils medems dretgs sco la victima. Integrà tras la cifra I da la LF dals 17 da zer. 2022, en vigur dapi il 1. da schan. 2024 (AS 2023 468; BBl 2019 6697).3. secziun Accusader privatArt. 118 Noziun e premissas Sco accusadra privata vala la persuna donnegiada che declera explicitamain ch’ella sa participeschia a la procedura penala sco accusadra penala u civila. Il plant penal ha il medem status giuridic sco questa decleranza. La decleranza sto vegnir fatga davant in’autoritad da persecuziun penala il pli tard fin a la terminaziun da la procedura preliminara. Sche la persuna donnegiada n’ha betg fatg da sai anora ina tala decleranza, la renda la procura publica attenta a questa pussaivladad suenter l’avertura da la procedura preliminara.Art. 119 Furma e cuntegn da la decleranza La persuna donnegiada po far sia decleranza en scrit u – per mauns dal protocol – a bucca. En questa decleranza po la persuna donnegiada, en moda cumulativa u alternativa:a. pretender che la persuna ch’è responsabla per il malfatg vegnia persequitada e chastiada (plant penal);b. far valair sin via d’adesiun pretensiuns da dretg privat che vegnan deducidas dal malfatg (plant civil).Art. 120 Renunzia e retratga La persuna donnegiada po declerar da tut temp en scrit u – per mauns dal protocol – a bucca ch’ella renunzia a ses dretgs. La renunzia è definitiva. Sche la renunzia na vegn betg restrenschida expressivamain, cumpiglia ella il plant penal ed il plant civil.Art. 121 Successiun da dretg Sche la persuna donnegiada mora senza avair renunzià a ses dretgs processuals sco accusader privat, vegnan ses dretgs transferids sin ils confamigliars en il senn da l’artitgel 110 alinea 1 CP tenor l’urden da la successiun d’ierta. Tgi ch’è entrà tras lescha en ils dretgs da la persuna donnegiada, è mo autorisà da purtar plant civil ed ha mo quels dretgs processuals che sa refereschan directamain a l’execuziun dal plant civil. SR 311.04. secziun Plant civilArt. 122 Disposiziuns generalas Pretensiuns civilas che resultan dal malfatg po la persuna donnegiada far valair sco accusader privat sin via d’adesiun en la procedura penala. Il medem dretg han er ils confamigliars da la victima, sch’els fan valair atgnas pretensiuns civilas envers la persuna inculpada. Il plant civil daventa pendent tras la decleranza tenor l’artitgel 119 alinea 2 litera b. Sche l’accusader privat retira ses plant civil avant la terminaziun da la tractativa principala d’emprima instanza, po el danovamain far valair il plant civil sin via civila.Art. 123 Quantificaziun e motivaziun La pretensiun che vegn fatga valair en il plant civil sto sche pussaivel vegnir quantifitgada en la decleranza tenor l’artitgel 119 e vegnir motivada curtamain en scrit, inditgond ils meds da cumprova appellads. La quantificaziun e la motivaziun ston vegnir preschentadas entaifer il termin che vegn fixà da la direcziun da la procedura tenor l’artitgel 331 alinea 2. Versiun tenor la cifra I da la LF dals 17 da zer. 2022, en vigur dapi il 1. da schan. 2024 (AS 2023 468; BBl 2019 6697).Art. 124 Cumpetenza e procedura La dretgira che sa fatschenta cun la chaussa penala giuditgescha la pretensiun civila senza resguardar la valur en dispita. La persuna inculpada survegn il pli tard en la procedura principala d’emprima instanza la pussaivladad da s’exprimer davart il plant civil. Sch’ella renconuscha il plant civil, vegn quai menziunà en il protocol ed en la decisiun che maina a fin la procedura.Art. 125 Cauziun per ils dretgs envers l’accusader privat L’accusader privat, cun excepziun da la victima, ha da prestar – sin dumonda da la persuna inculpada – ina cauziun per sias expensas presumtivas chaschunadas tras las pretensiuns davart l’aspect civil, sche:a. ses domicil u sia sedia n’è betg en Svizra;b. el para dad esser insolvent, en spezial sch’il concurs è vegnì declerà cunter el, sch’igl ha lieu ina procedura d’accumodament cunter el u sch’i èn avant maun attests da perdita;c. igl è da temair per auters motivs che la pretensiun da la persuna inculpada saja periclitada considerablamain u vegnia impedida intenziunadamain. Davart la pretensiun decida la direcziun da la procedura da la dretgira. Ella fixescha l’autezza da la cauziun sco er in termin per prestar la cauziun. La cauziun po vegnir pajada en daner blut u prestada tras ina garanzia d’ina banca u d’ina assicuranza domiciliada en Svizra. Pli tard po ella vegnir augmentada, reducida u annullada. Versiun tenor la cifra I da la LF dals 17 da zer. 2022, en vigur dapi il 1. da schan. 2024 (AS 2023 468; BBl 2019 6697).Art. 126 Decisiun La dretgira decida davart il plant civil ch’è vegnì purtà davant ella, sch’ella declera che la persuna inculpada:a. saja culpabla;b. saja libra ed ils fatgs èn madirs per la decisiun. Il plant civil vegn renvià a la giurisdicziun civila, sche:a. la procedura penala vegn messa ad acta;a. i na po betg vegnir decidì davart la procedura penala en la procedura da mandat penal;b. l’accusader privat n’ha betg motivà u quantifitgà suffizientamain ses plant;c. l’accusader privat na presta betg la cauziun per las pretensiuns da la persuna inculpada;d. la persuna inculpada vegn declerada libra, ma ils fatgs n’èn betg madirs per la decisiun. Sch’i chaschunass in volumen da lavur sproporziunà da giuditgar cumplettamain la pretensiun civila, po la dretgira decider il plant civil mo da princip ed al renviar dal rest a la giurisdicziun civila. Pretensiuns da pitschna valur vegnan sche pussaivel giuditgadas da la dretgira sezza. En cas, nua che victimas èn involvidas, po la dretgira giuditgar l’emprim mo la culpaivladad e l’aspect penal; suenter in’ulteriura tractativa da las partidas giuditgescha la direcziun da la procedura alura en cumpetenza da derschader singul il plant civil, e quai senza resguardar la valur en dispita. Versiun tenor la cifra I da la LF dals 17 da zer. 2022, en vigur dapi il 1. da schan. 2024 (AS 2023 468; BBl 2019 6697). Integrà tras la cifra I da la LF dals 17 da zer. 2022, en vigur dapi il 1. da schan. 2024 (AS 2023 468; BBl 2019 6697).4. chapitel Assistenza giuridica1. secziun PrincipsArt. 127 Per defender lur interess pon la persuna inculpada, l’accusader privat e las autras persunas ch’èn participadas a la procedura nominar in assistent giuridic. Las partidas pon nominar duas u dapli persunas sco assistentas giuridicas, sche quai na retardescha betg nuncunvegnentamain la procedura. En quest cas ston ellas designar ina da las assistentas giuridicas sco represchentanta principala ch’è autorisada d’exequir ils acts da represchentanza davant las autoritads penalas; ses domicil vala sco unica adressa da consegna. Entaifer ils limits da la lescha e da las reglas professiunalas po l’assistent giuridic defender en la medema procedura ils interess da pliras persunas participadas a la procedura. Sco assistent giuridic pon las partidas nominar mintga persuna fidabla ch’è abla d’agir e che ha ina buna reputaziun; resalvadas restan las restricziuns dal dretg d’advocats. La defensiun da la persuna inculpada è resalvada als advocats ch’èn autorisads da represchentar partidas davant autoritads giudizialas tenor la Lescha dals 23 da zercladur 2000 davart las advocatas ed ils advocats; resalvadas restan disposiziuns divergentas dals chantuns per la defensiun en la procedura penala per surpassaments. SR 935.612. secziun DefensiunArt. 128 PosiziunEntaifer il limits da la lescha e da las reglas professiunalas è la defensiun suttamessa mo als interess da la persuna inculpada.Art. 129 Defensiun privata En mintga procedura penala ed en mintga stadi da la procedura è la persuna inculpada autorisada da surdar sia defensiun ad in assistent giuridic en il senn da l’artitgel 127 alinea 5 (defensiun privata) u – cun resalva da l’artitgel 130 – da defender sasezza. Per exequir la defensiun privata vegni premess in plainpudair en scrit u ina decleranza protocollada da vart da la persuna inculpada.Art. 130 Defensiun obligatoricaLa persuna inculpada sto vegnir defendida, sche:a. l’arrest d’inquisiziun inclusiv in’arrestaziun provisorica ha durà passa 10 dis;b. ella sto far quint da vegnir chastiada cun in chasti da detenziun da passa 1 onn, cun ina mesira da detenziun u cun in’expulsiun;c. ella na po – pervia da ses stadi corporal u spiertal u per auters motivs – betg defender suffizientamain ses interess processuals e la represchentanza legala n’è betg en cas da far quai;d. la procura publica sa preschenta persunalmain davant la dretgira d’emprima instanza u davant la dretgira d’appellaziun;e. i vegn exequida ina procedura scursanida (art. 358–362). Versiun tenor la cifra 5 da l’agiunta da la LF dals 20 da mars 2015 (realisaziun da l’art. 121 al. 3–6 Cst. davart l’expulsiun da persunas estras criminalas), en vigur dapi il 1. d’oct. 2016 (AS 2016 2329; BBl 2013 5975).Art. 131 Procurar la defensiun obligatorica Sch’igl è avant maun in cas da defensiun obligatorica, guarda la direcziun da la procedura ch’ina defensiun vegnia nominada immediatamain. Sche las premissas d’ina defensiun obligatorica èn ademplidas, cura che la procedura vegn iniziada, stoi vegnir procurà per la defensiun avant l’emprima interrogaziun che vegn realisada da la procura publica u – per incumbensa da tala – da la polizia. Sche cumprovas èn vegnidas registradas avant ch’in defensur è vegnì nominà, e quai en cas, nua che la defensiun fiss stada visiblamain necessaria, èn questas cumprovas utilisablas mo, sche la persuna inculpada renunzia a la repetiziun da la registraziun da las cumprovas. Versiun tenor la cifra I da la LF dals 17 da zer. 2022, en vigur dapi il 1. da schan. 2024 (AS 2023 468; BBl 2019 6697). Versiun tenor la cifra I da la LF dals 17 da zer. 2022, en vigur dapi il 1. da schan. 2024 (AS 2023 468; BBl 2019 6697).Art. 132 Defensiun uffiziala La direcziun da la procedura ordinescha ina defensiun uffiziala, sche:a. en cas d’ina defensiun obligatorica:1. la persuna inculpada na fixescha betg ina defensiun privata malgrà l’intimaziun da la direcziun da la procedura,2. il mandat è vegnì prendì davent da la defensiun privata u la defensiun privata ha remess il mandat e la persuna inculpada n’ha betg fixà ina nova defensiun privata entaifer in tschert termin;b. la persuna inculpada n’ha betg ils meds finanzials necessaris e la defensiun s’impona per defender ses interess. Per defender ils interess da la persuna inculpada s’impona la defensiun en spezial, sch’i na sa tracta betg d’in cas da bagatella e sch’il cas penal porscha – en reguard effectiv u giuridic – difficultads che la persuna inculpada na fiss betg en cas da dumagnar suletta. In cas da bagatella n’è en mintga cas betg pli avant maun, sch’igl è da far quint cun in chasti da detenziun da passa 4 mais u cun in chasti pecuniar da passa 120 taxas per di. Versiun tenor cifra 3 da l’agiunta da la LF dals 19 da zer. 2015 (midada dal dretg da sancziuns), en vigur dapi il 1. da schan. 2018 (AS 2016 1249; BBl 2012 4721).Art. 133 Nominaziun da la defensiun uffiziala La defensiun uffiziala vegn nominada da la direcziun da la procedura ch’è cumpetenta en il stadi respectiv da la procedura. La Confederaziun ed ils chantuns pon delegar la tscherna da la defensiun uffiziala ad in’autra autoritad u a terzas persunas. Cun tscherner la defensiun uffiziala èsi da tegnair quint da sias qualificaziuns e, sche pussaivel, dals giavischs da la persuna inculpada. Integrà tras la cifra I da la LF dals 17 da zer. 2022, en vigur dapi il 1. da schan. 2024 (AS 2023 468; BBl 2019 6697). Versiun tenor la cifra I da la LF dals 17 da zer. 2022, en vigur dapi il 1. da schan. 2024 (AS 2023 468; BBl 2019 6697).Art. 134 Revocaziun e midada da la defensiun uffiziala Sch’il motiv per la defensiun uffiziala croda davent, revochescha la direcziun da la procedura il mandat. Sche la relaziun da confidenza tranter la persuna inculpada e sia defensiun uffiziala è disturbada considerablamain u sch’ina defensiun efficazia n’è betg pli garantida per auters motivs, surdat la direcziun da la procedura la defensiun uffiziala ad in’autra persuna.Art. 135 Indemnisaziun da la defensiun uffiziala La defensiun uffiziala vegn indemnisada tenor la tariffa d’advocats da la Confederaziun u da quel chantun, en il qual la procedura penala è vegnida manada. La procura publica u la dretgira sentenzianta fixescha l’indemnisaziun a la fin da la procedura. Sch’il mandat s’extenda sur in lung temp u sch’i n’è per auters motivs betg raschunaivel da spetgar fin la fin da la procedura, vegnan concedids pajaments anticipads a la defensiun uffiziala; la direcziun da la procedura fixescha l’autezza da quests pajaments anticipads. Cunter la decisiun d’indemnisaziun po la defensiun uffiziala prender il med legal ch’è admissibel cunter la decisiun finala. Sche la persuna inculpada vegn sentenziada da surpigliar ils custs da procedura, è ella obligada da restituir l’indemnisaziun a la Confederaziun u al chantun, uschespert che sias relaziuns economicas permettan quai. La pretensiun da la Confederaziun u dal chantun surannescha 10 onns suenter che la decisiun è entrada en vigur. Versiun tenor la cifra I da la LF dals 17 da zer. 2022, en vigur dapi il 1. da schan. 2024 (AS 2023 468; BBl 2019 6697). Versiun tenor la cifra I da la LF dals 17 da zer. 2022, en vigur dapi il 1. da schan. 2024 (AS 2023 468; BBl 2019 6697). Versiun tenor la cifra I da la LF dals 17 da zer. 2022, en vigur dapi il 1. da schan. 2024 (AS 2023 468; BBl 2019 6697).3. secziun Giurisdicziun gratuita per l’accusader privat e per la victima Versiun tenor la cifra I da la LF dals 17 da zer. 2022, en vigur dapi il 1. da schan. 2024 (AS 2023 468; BBl 2019 6697).Art. 136 Premissas Sin dumonda conceda la direcziun da la procedura dal tuttafatg u per part la giurisdicziun gratuita:a. a l’accusader privat per far valair sias pretensiuns civilas, sch’el n’ha betg ils meds finanzials necessaris e sch’il plant civil na para betg dad esser invan;b. a la victima per far valair ses plant penal, sch’ella n’ha betg ils meds finanzials necessaris e sch’il plant penal na para betg dad esser invan. La giurisdicziun gratuita cumpiglia:a. la liberaziun da la prestaziun da pajaments anticipads e da cauziuns;b. la liberaziun dals custs da procedura;c. la nominaziun d’in assistent giuridic, sche quai è necessari per defender ils dretgs da l’accusader privat u da la victima. En la procedura da meds legals sto la giurisdicziun gratuita vegnir dumandada da nov. Versiun tenor la cifra I da la LF dals 17 da zer. 2022, en vigur dapi il 1. da schan. 2024 (AS 2023 468; BBl 2019 6697). Versiun tenor la cifra I da la LF dals 17 da zer. 2022, en vigur dapi il 1. da schan. 2024 (AS 2023 468; BBl 2019 6697). Integrà tras la cifra I da la LF dals 17 da zer. 2022, en vigur dapi il 1. da schan. 2024 (AS 2023 468; BBl 2019 6697).Art. 137 Nominaziun, revocaziun e midadaLa nominaziun, la revocaziun e la midada da l’assistenza giudiziala sa drizzan confurm al senn tenor ils artitgels 133 e 134.Art. 138 Indemnisaziun e surpigliada dals custs L’indemnisaziun da l’assistent giuridic sa drizza confurm al senn tenor l’artitgel 135; resalvada resta la decisiun definitiva davart la surpigliada dals custs da l’assistent giuridic e da quels acts processuals, per ils quals il pajament anticipà era vegnì relaschà. La victima e ses confamigliars n’èn betg obligads da restituir ils custs da la giurisdicziun gratuita. Sch’ina indemnisaziun da process vegn concedida a l’accusader privat sin donn e cust da la persuna inculpada, va questa indemnisaziun a la Confederaziun respectivamain al chantun, e quai en la dimensiun dals custs per la giurisdicziun gratuita. Integrà tras la cifra I da la LF dals 17 da zer. 2022, en vigur dapi il 1. da schan. 2024 (AS 2023 468; BBl 2019 6697).4. titel Meds da cumprova1. chapitel Disposiziuns generalas1. secziun Registraziun ed utilisabladad da las cumprovasArt. 139 Princips Per chattar la vardad sa servan las autoritads penalas da tut ils meds da cumprova ch’èn adattads tenor il stadi da la scienza e da l’experientscha e ch’èn admissibels dal puntg da vista giuridic. Ils fatgs ch’èn irrelevants, evidents, enconuschents a l’autoritad penala u gia cumprovads en moda giuridicamain suffizienta n’èn betg object da la registraziun da cumprovas.Art. 140 Metodas scumandadas per registrar las cumprovas Meds da sforz, applicaziun da violenza, smanatschas, empermischuns, engions e meds che pon disturbar la capacitad da pensar u la libertad da la voluntad d’ina persuna n’èn betg permess per registrar las cumprovas. Talas metodas èn inadmissiblas er alura, sche la persuna pertutgada dat ses consentiment a lur applicaziun.Art. 141 Utilisabladad da cumprovas acquistadas en moda illegala Cumprovas ch’èn vegnidas registradas violond l’artitgel 140 na dastgan vegnir duvradas en nagin cas. Il medem vala, sche questa lescha designescha ina cumprova sco betg utilisabla. Cumprovas che autoritads penalas han registrà en moda chastiabla u violond prescripziuns da valaivladad na dastgan betg vegnir duvradas, nun che lur utilisabladad saja indispensabla per sclerir malfatgs grevs. Cumprovas ch’èn vegnidas registradas violond prescripziuns disciplinaras èn utilisablas. Sch’ina cumprova che na dastga betg vegnir duvrada tenor l’alinea 1 u 2 gidass a registrar in’ulteriura cumprova, dastga questa cumprova mo vegnir duvrada, sch’ella avess pudì vegnir registrada er senza la registraziun precedenta. Las annotaziuns davart cumprovas betg utilisablas vegnan allontanadas da las actas penalas conservadas separadamain, fin che la procedura è terminada cun vigur legala ed alura destruidas. Versiun tenor la cifra I da la LF dals 17 da zer. 2022, en vigur dapi il 1. da schan. 2024 (AS 2023 468; BBl 2019 6697).2. secziun InterrogaziunsArt. 142 Autoritad penala interroganta Interrogaziuns vegnan fatgas da la procura publica, da las autoritads penalas per surpassaments e da las dretgiras. La Confederaziun ed ils chantuns fixeschan, en tge dimensiun che collavuraturs da questas autoritads pon far interrogaziuns. La polizia po interrogar persunas inculpadas ed infurmaturs. La Confederaziun ed ils chantuns pon fixar appartegnents da la polizia che pon interrogar perditgas per incumbensa da la procura publica.Art. 143 Execuziun da l’interrogaziun Al cumenzament da l’interrogaziun vegn – en ina lingua ch’ella chapescha – la persuna che duai vegnir interrogada:a. dumandada davart sias persunalias;b. infurmada davart l’object da la procedura penala e davart la qualitad, en la quala ella vegn interrogada;c. sclerida en moda cumplessiva davart ses dretgs e davart sias obligaziuns. En il protocol stoi vegnir remartgà che las disposiziuns tenor l’alinea 1 sajan vegnidas observadas. L’autoritad penala po far ulteriuras retschertgas davart l’identitad da la persuna che duai vegnir interrogada. Ella envida la persuna che duai vegnir interrogada da s’exprimer davart l’object da l’interrogaziun. Cun dumondas e cun objecziuns ch’èn formuladas en moda clera tschertga ella da cumplettar las deposiziuns e da sclerir cuntradicziuns. La persuna che duai vegnir interrogada fa sias deposiziuns sin basa da sia memoria. Cun il consentiment da la direcziun da la procedura po ella duvrar documents en scrit; quels vegnan mess tar las actas cur che l’interrogaziun è terminada. Persunas cun impediments da discurrer e da l’udida vegnan interrogadas en scrit u cun agid d’ina persuna adattada.Art. 144 Interrogaziun per conferenza da video La procura publica e las dretgiras pon far ina interrogaziun per conferenza da video, sch’i n’è betg pussaivel u sch’igl è pussaivel mo cun gronds sforzs a la persuna che duai vegnir interrogada da cumparair persunalmain. Da l’interrogaziun vegnan fatgas tant registraziuns visualas sco er sonoras.Art. 145 Rapports en scritL’autoritad penala po envidar ina persuna che duai vegnir interrogada da dar giu in rapport en scrit empè da far l’interrogaziun u per cumplettar l’interrogaziun.Art. 146 Interrogaziun da pliras persunas e confruntaziuns Las persunas che duain vegnir interrogadas vegnan interrogadas separadamain. Las autoritads penalas pon confruntar persunas ina cun l’autra, inclusiv talas che han il dretg da refusar da far deposiziuns. Ils dretgs spezials da la victima restan resalvads. Ellas pon obligar persunas ch’èn vegnidas interrogadas e che ston probablamain vegnir confruntadas cun ulteriuras persunas a la terminaziun da la procedura da restar al lieu da l’act processual, fin che la confruntaziun po vegnir realisada. La direcziun da la procedura po excluder temporarmain ina persuna da la tractativa, sche:a. igl è avant maun ina collisiun d’interess; ub. questa persuna sto anc vegnir interrogada en la procedura sco perditga, sco infurmatura u sco experta.3. secziun Dretgs da sa participar a registraziuns da las cumprovasArt. 147 En general Las partidas han il dretg dad esser preschentas, cur che la procura publica e las dretgiras registreschan las cumprovas, e da tschentar dumondas a las persunas interrogadas. La preschientscha da la defensiun tar interrogaziuns da la polizia sa drizza tenor l’artitgel 159. Tgi che fa valair ses dretg da participaziun, na po betg deducir da quai il dretg da spustar la registraziun da las cumprovas. La partida u ses assistent giuridic po pretender che la registraziun da las cumprovas vegnia repetida, sche l’assistent giuridic u la partida senza assistent giuridic è – per motivs stringents – stada impedida da sa participar a la registraziun da las cumprovas. I po vegnir renunzià da repeter la registraziun da las cumprovas, sche quai fiss collià cun custs e cun sforzs sproporziunads e sch’i po vegnir tegnì quint en autra moda dal dretg da la partida da survegnir attenziun giuridica, en spezial dal dretg da pudair tschentar dumondas. Cumprovas ch’èn vegnidas registradas violond las disposiziuns da quest artitgel na dastgan betg vegnir duvradas a disfavur da la partida che n’è betg stada preschenta.Art. 148 En la procedura d’assistenza giudiziala Sche cumprovas vegnan registradas a l’exteriur en il rom d’ina dumonda d’assistenza giudiziala, è il dretg da participaziun da las partidas ademplì, sch’ellas:a. pon formular dumondas per mauns da l’autoritad estra dumandada;b. survegnan invista dal protocol suenter che la dumonda d’assistenza giudiziala ch’è liquidada è entrada; ec. pon tschentar en scrit dumondas cumplementaras. L’artitgel 147 alinea 4 è applitgabel.4. secziun Mesiras da protecziunArt. 149 En general Sch’i dat in motiv da supponer ch’ina perditga, in infurmatur, ina persuna inculpada, in expert u in translatur pudess – cooperond a la procedura – exponer sasez u ina persuna ch’è stat cun el en ina relaziun tenor l’artitgel 168 alineas 1–3 ad in privel considerabel per il corp e per la vita u ad in auter dischavantatg grev, prenda la direcziun da la procedura sin dumonda u d’uffizi las mesiras da protecziun adequatas. Per quest intent po la direcziun da la procedura restrenscher adequatamain ils dretgs processuals da las partidas, en spezial cun:a. garantir l’anonimitad;b. far interrogaziuns cun exclusiun da las partidas u da la publicitad;c. verifitgar las persunalias cun exclusiun da las partidas u da la publicitad;d. modifitgar la cumparsa u la vusch da la persuna che sto vegnir protegida u la mascrar cunter la vesida d’autras persunas;e. restrenscher l’invista da las actas. La direcziun da la procedura po permetter a la persuna che sto vegnir protegida da sa laschar accumpagnar d’in assistent giuridic u d’ina persuna da confidenza. Sch’ina persuna sut 18 onns vegn interrogada sco perditga u sco infurmatura, po la direcziun da la procedura ultra da quai ordinar mesiras da protecziun tenor l’artitgel 154 alineas 2 e 4. Tar tut las mesiras da protecziun procura la direcziun da la procedura che l’attenziun giuridica da las partidas, en spezial ils dretgs da defensiun da la persuna inculpada, sajan garantids. Sche l’observaziun da sia anonimitad è vegnida garantida a la persuna che sto vegnir protegida, prenda la direcziun da la procedura las mesiras ch’èn adattadas per impedir confusiuns u scumbigls da persunas.Art. 150 Garanzia da l’anonimitad La direcziun da la procedura po garantir l’anonimitad a la persuna che sto vegnir protegida. Entaifer 30 dis suttametta la procura publica la garanzia, ch’ella ha dà, a la dretgira da mesiras repressivas per l’approvaziun; per quest intent sto ella inditgar exactamain tut ils detagls ch’èn necessaris per giuditgar la legalitad. ... Sche la dretgira da mesiras repressivas refusescha l’approvaziun, na dastgan las cumprovas ch’èn gia vegnidas registradas cun l’anonimitad garantida betg vegnir duvradas. In’anonimitad ch’è vegnida approvada u concedida lia tut las autoritads penalas che han da far cun il cas. La persuna che sto vegnir protegida po renunziar da tut temp a sia anonimitad. La procura publica e la direcziun da la procedura da la dretgira revocheschan la garanzia, sch’il basegn da protecziun è evidentamain scrudà. Abolì la segunda frasa tras la cifra I da la LF dals 17 da zer. 2022, cun effect dapi il 1. da schan. 2024 (AS 2023 468; BBl 2019 6697).Art. 151 Mesiras per proteger agents secrets Agents secrets, als quals l’anonimitad è vegnida garantida, han il dretg che:a. lur vaira identitad vegnia tegnida secreta envers mintgin durant tut la procedura e cur ch’ella è terminada, cun excepziun dals commembers da las dretgiras che tractan il cas;b. naginas indicaziuns davart la vaira identitad na vegnian registradas en las actas da procedura. La direcziun da la procedura prenda las mesiras da protecziun necessarias.Art. 152 Mesiras generalas per proteger victimas Las autoritads penalas observan ils dretgs persunals da la victima sin tut ils stgalims da la procedura. Tar tut ils acts processuals po la victima sa laschar accumpagnar – ultra da ses assistent giuridic – d’ina persuna da confidenza. Las autoritads penalas eviteschan ina scuntrada da la victima cun la persuna inculpada, sche la victima pretenda quai. En quest cas tegnan ellas quint en autra moda dal dretg da la persuna inculpada sin attenziun giuridica. En spezial pon ellas interrogar la victima applitgond mesiras da protecziun tenor l’artitgel 149 alinea 2 literas b e d. Ina confruntaziun po vegnir ordinada, sche:a. il dretg da la persuna inculpada sin attenziun giuridica na po betg vegnir garantì en autra moda; ub. in interess predominant da la persecuziun penala la pretenda stringentamain.Art. 153 Mesiras spezialas per proteger victimas da malfatgs cunter l’integritad sexuala Victimas da malfatgs cunter l’integritad sexuala pon pretender da vegnir interrogadas d’ina persuna da la medema schlattaina. Ina confruntaziun cun la persuna inculpada dastga vegnir ordinada cunter la voluntad da la victima mo, sch’il dretg da la persuna inculpada sin attenziun giuridica na po betg vegnir garantì en autra moda.Art. 154 Mesiras spezialas per proteger uffants sco victimas Sco uffant en il senn da quest artitgel vala la victima ch’è pli giuvna che 18 onns il mument da l’interrogaziun u da la confruntaziun. L’emprima interrogaziun da l’uffant sto avair lieu uschè svelt sco pussaivel. L’autoritad po excluder la persuna da confidenza da la procedura, sche quella pudess influenzar l’uffant en moda determinanta. Sch’ins po percorscher che l’interrogaziun u la confruntaziun pudess chaschunar ina greva chargia psichica per l’uffant, valan las suandantas reglas:a. Ina confruntaziun cun la persuna inculpada dastga vegnir ordinada mo, sche l’uffant pretenda explicitamain la confruntaziun u sch’il dretg da la persuna inculpada sin attenziun giuridica na po betg vegnir garantì en autra moda.b. L’uffant na dastga per regla betg vegnir interrogà dapli che duas giadas durant tut la procedura.c. Ina segunda interrogaziun dastga vegnir fatga mo, sche las partidas n’han betg pudì exequir lur dretgs a chaschun da l’emprima interrogaziun u sch’ina tala è inevitabla en l’interess da las investigaziuns u da l’uffant. Sche pussaivel vegn la segunda interrogaziun fatga da quella persuna che ha fatg l’emprima interrogaziun.d. Las interrogaziuns vegnan fatgas d’in uffiziant d’interrogaziun ch’è vegnì scolà per quest intent en preschientscha d’in spezialist. Sch’i na vegn betg fatga ina confruntaziun, vegnan fatgas tant registraziuns visualas sco er sonoras da las interrogaziuns.e. Las partidas exequeschan lur dretgs tras la persuna che fa l’interrogaziun.f. La persuna che fa l’interrogaziun ed il spezialist menziuneschan lur observaziuns spezialas en in rapport. Sch’igl è previsibel che la preschientscha da la persuna inculpada a l’interrogaziun pudess chaschunar ina greva chargia psichica per l’uffant malgrà mesiras da protecziun, po la persuna inculpada vegnir exclusa da l’interrogaziun, uschenavant che ses dretg sin attenziun giuridica po vegnir garantì en autra moda. L’exclusiun na vala betg per la defensiun; i ston però vegnir prendidas mesiras da protecziun adequatas per evitar ina greva chargia psichica da l’uffant. Integrà tras la cifra I da la LF dals 17 da zer. 2022, en vigur dapi il 1. da schan. 2024 (AS 2023 468; BBl 2019 6697). Integrà tras la cifra I da la LF dals 17 da zer. 2022, en vigur dapi il 1. da schan. 2024 (AS 2023 468; BBl 2019 6697).Art. 155 Mesiras per proteger persunas cun in disturbi psichic Interrogaziuns da persunas cun in disturbi psichic vegnan restrenschidas a quai ch’è necessari; interrogaziuns multiplas vegnan evitadas. La direcziun da la procedura po incumbensar autoritads penalas u socialas cun l’interrogaziun u engaschar per l’interrogaziun confamigliars, autras persunas da confidenza u experts.Art. 156 Mesiras per proteger persunas ordaifer ina proceduraLa Confederaziun ed ils chantuns pon prevair mesiras per proteger persunas ordaifer ina procedura.2. chapitel Interrogaziun da la persuna inculpadaArt. 157 Princip Las autoritads penalas pon interrogar la persuna inculpada sin tut ils stgalims da la procedura penala davart ils malfatgs che la vegnan reproschads. En quest connex la dattan ellas la pussaivladad da s’exprimer en moda cumplessiva davart quests malfatgs.Art. 158 Infurmaziuns a chaschun da l’emprima interrogaziun La polizia u la procura publica renda attenta la persuna inculpada al cumenzament da l’emprima interrogaziun en ina lingua ch’ella chapescha che:a. i saja vegnida introducida ina procedura preliminara cunter ella e tge malfatgs ch’èn l’object da la procedura;b. ella possia refusar da far deposiziuns u da cooperar;c. ella haja il dretg da nominar ina defensiun u eventualmain da dumandar ina defensiun uffiziala;d. ella possia pretender in translatur. Sche questas infurmaziuns na vegnan betg dadas, na pon ils resultats da las interrogaziuns betg vegnir duvrads.Art. 159 Interrogaziuns polizialas en la procedura d’investigaziun A chaschun d’interrogaziuns polizialas ha la persuna inculpada il dretg che sia defensiun saja preschenta e possia tschentar dumondas. A chaschun d’interrogaziuns polizialas d’ina persuna ch’è arrestada provisoricamain ha quella ultra da quai il dretg da contactar libramain sia defensiun. Sche quests dretgs vegnan fatgs valair, na dat quai nagin dretg da spustar l’interrogaziun.Art. 160 Interrogaziun d’ina persuna inculpada confessantaSche la persuna inculpada confessa, examineschan la procura publica e la dretgira la credibladad da ses confess e la dumondan da descriver pli precisamain las circumstanzas dal malfatg.Art. 161 Scleriment da las relaziuns persunalas en la procedura preliminaraLa procura publica interroghescha la persuna inculpada davart sias relaziuns persunalas mo, sch’ins sto far quint cun in’accusaziun u cun in mandat penal u sche quai è necessari per auters motivs.3. chapitel Perditgas1. secziun Disposiziuns generalasArt. 162 NoziunIna perditga è ina persuna che n’è betg participada al malfatg, che po far deposiziuns che servan a sclerir il malfatg e che n’è betg infurmatura.Art. 163 Abilitad da dar perditga ed obligaziun da dar perditga Abla da dar perditga è ina persuna ch’è pli veglia che 15 onns e ch’è abla da giuditgar en quai che reguarda l’object da l’interrogaziun. Mintga persuna ch’è abla da dar perditga è obligada da dar perditga e da dir la vardad; resalvà resta il dretg da refusar da dar perditga.Art. 164 Scleriments davart la perditga La vita precedenta e las relaziuns persunalas d’ina perditga vegnan sclerids mo, uschenavant che quai è necessari per examinar sia credibladad. Sch’i dat dubis davart l’abilitad da giuditgar da la perditga u sch’i èn avant maun indizis per disturbis psichics, po la direcziun da la procedura ordinar in’expertisa ambulanta da la perditga, sche l’impurtanza da la procedura penala e da la testimonianza giustifitgescha quai.Art. 165 Obligaziun da la perditga da taschair Renviond a la smanatscha da chasti da l’artitgel 292 CP po l’autoritad interroganta obligar ina perditga da taschair davart l’interrogaziun intenziunada u realisada e davart ses object. L’obligaziun vegn limitada areguard il temp. Questa ordinaziun po vegnir colliada cun la citaziun da la perditga. SR 311.0Art. 166 Interrogaziun da la persuna donnegiada La persuna donnegiada vegn interrogada sco perditga. Resalvada resta l’interrogaziun sco infurmatura tenor l’artitgel 178.Art. 167 IndemnisaziunLa perditga ha il dretg da survegnir ina indemnisaziun adequata per la perdita da gudogn e per las expensas.2. secziun Dretgs da refusar da dar perditgaArt. 168 Dretg da refusar da dar perditga pervia da relaziuns persunalas Refusar da dar perditga pon:a. il conjugal da la persuna inculpada u tgi che maina facticamain ina communitad da vita cun quella;b. tgi che ha uffants cuminaivels cun la persuna inculpada;c. ils parents u ils quinads en lingia directa da la persuna inculpada;d. ils fragliuns ed ils mezs fragliuns da la persuna inculpada sco er il conjugal d’in fragliun u d’in mez fragliun;e. ils fragliuns ed ils mezs fragliuns da la persuna ch’è maridada cun la persuna inculpada sco er il conjugal d’in fragliun u d’in mez fragliun;f. ils geniturs da tgira, ils uffants confidads ed ils uffants tratgs si sco fragliuns da la persuna inculpada;g. la persuna nominada sco avugada u sco procuratura da la persuna inculpada. Il dretg da refusar da dar perditga tenor l’alinea 1 literas a ed f exista vinavant, er sche la lètg vegn schliada u sche la relaziun da tgira n’exista betg pli en ina famiglia da tgira. Il partenadi registrà ha il medem status sco la lètg. Il dretg da refusar da dar perditga scroda, sche:a. la procedura penala sa referescha ad in malfatg tenor ils artitgels 111–113, 122, 124, 140, 184, 185, 187, 189, 190 u 191 CP; eb. il malfatg è stà drizzà cunter ina persuna, cun la quala la perditga ha ina relaziun tenor ils alineas 1–3.Versiun tenor la cifra 2 da l’agiunta da la LF dals 15 da dec. 2017 (protecziun d’uffants), en vigur dapi il 1. da schan. 2019 (AS 2018 2947; BBl 2015 3431). Art. 4–11 da l’O dals 19 d’oct. 1977 davart la recepziun d’uffants per la tgira e per l’adopziun (SR 211.222.338). Versiun tenor la cifra III da la LF dals 30 da sett. 2011, en vigur dapi il 1. da fan. 2012 (AS 2012 2575; BBl 2010 5651 5677). SR 311.0Art. 169 Dretg da refusar da dar perditga per proteger sasez u per proteger ses proxims Ina persuna po refusar da dar perditga, sch’ella engrevgiass sasezza uschè ferm cun sia deposiziun ch’ella:a. pudess vegnir fatga responsabla tenor il dretg penal;b. pudess vegnir fatga responsabla tenor il dretg civil, e sche l’interess da protecziun predominescha l’interess da la persecuziun penala. Il dretg da refusar da dar perditga exista er alura, sche la persuna engrevgiass cun sia deposiziun ses proxims en il senn da l’artitgel 168 alineas 1–3; resalvà resta l’artitgel 168 alinea 4. Ina persuna po refusar da dar perditga, sch’ella sezza u sche ses proxims en il senn da l’artitgel 168 alineas 1–3 vegnan – pervia da sia deposiziun – smanatschada d’in privel considerabel per il corp e per la vita u d’in auter dischavantatg grev che na po betg vegnir impedì cun mesiras da protecziun. Ina victima d’in malfatg cunter l’integritad sexuala po refusar en mintga cas da respunder dumondas che pertutgan sia sfera intima.Art. 170 Dretg da refusar da dar perditga sin basa d’in secret d’uffizi Funcziunaris en il senn da l’artitgel 110 alinea 3 CP e lur persunas auxiliaras sco er commembers d’autoritads e lur persunas auxiliaras pon refusar da dar perditga davart secrets ch’als èn vegnids confidads en lur qualitad uffiziala u ch’els han percepì exequind lur uffizi u lur activitad auxiliara. Els ston far ina deposiziun, sch’els:a. èn suttamess ad in’obligaziun d’annunzia; ub. èn vegnids autorisads en scrit da lur autoritad superiura da far la deposiziun. L’autoritad superiura conceda l’autorisaziun da far la deposiziun, sche l’interess da chattar la vardad predominescha l’interess da mantegnair il secret. SR 311.0 Versiun tenor la cifra 8 da l’agiunta 1 da la Lescha dals 18 da dec. 2020 davart la segirezza da las infurmaziuns, en vigur dapi il 1. da schan. 2023 (AS 2022 232, 750; BBl 2017 2953). Versiun tenor la cifra I da la LF dals 17 da zer. 2022, en vigur dapi il 1. da schan. 2024 (AS 2023 468; BBl 2019 6697).Art. 171 Dretg da refusar da dar perditga sin basa d’in secret professiunal Spirituals, advocats, defensurs, notars, advocats da patenta, medis, dentists, chiropratichers, apotechers, psicologs, tgirunzs, fisioterapeuts, ergoterapeuts, spendreras, cussegliaders da nutriment, optometrists, osteopats sco er lur persunal auxiliar pon refusar da dar perditga davart secrets ch’als èn vegnids confidads pervia da lur professiun u ch’els han percepì exequind questa professiun. Els ston far ina deposiziun, sch’els:a. èn suttamess ad in’obligaziun d’annunzia; ub. èn vegnids deliberads tenor l’artitgel 321 alinea 2 CP da l’obligaziun da mantegnair il secret, e quai dal titular dal secret u en scrit dal post cumpetent. L’autoritad penala resguarda er il secret professiunal, sch’il titular dal secret è vegnì deliberà da l’obligaziun da mantegnair il secret, sch’el fa valair vardaivlamain che l’interess da mantegnair ses secret predomineschia l’interess da chattar la vardad. La Lescha dals 23 da zercladur 2000 davart las advocatas ed ils advocats resta resalvada. Versiun tenor la cifra 1 da l’agiunta da la LF dals 16 da dec. 2022 davart la promoziun da la scolaziun en il sectur da la tgira, en vigur dapi il 1. da fan. 2024 (AS 2024 212; BBl 2022 1498). SR 311.0 SR 935.61Art. 172 Protecziun da las funtaunas dals collavuraturs da las medias Persunas che s’occupan professiunalmain da la publicaziun d’infurmaziuns en la part redacziunala d’in medium che cumpara regularmain sco er lur persunal auxiliar pon refusar da dar perditga davart l’identitad d’in autur u davart il cuntegn e davart las funtaunas da lur infurmaziuns. Els ston far ina deposiziun, sche:a. la perditga è necessaria per salvar ina persuna d’in privel direct per il corp e per la vita;b. in dals suandants malfatgs na pudess betg vegnir sclerì e la persuna che vegn inculpada d’avair commess il malfatg na pudess betg vegnir tschiffada senza la perditga:1. delicts da mazzament en il senn dals artitgels 111–113 CP,2. crims ch’èn chastiabels cun in chasti da detenziun da dapli che 3 onns,3. malfatgs tenor ils artitgels 187, 189, 190, 191, 197 alinea 4, 260, 260, 260, 305, 305 e 322–322 CP,4. malfatgs tenor l’artitgel 19 alinea 2 da la Lescha da narcotics dals 3 d’october 1951 (LN). SR 311.0 Versiun tenor la cifra II 3 da l’agiunta dal COF dals 25 da sett. 2020 davart l’approvaziun e la realisaziun da la Convenziun dal Cussegl da l’Europa per la prevenziun dal terrorissem e da ses protocol supplementar sco er davart il rinforzament da l’instrumentari penal cunter il terrorissem e la criminalitad organisada, en vigur dapi il 1. da fan. 2021 (AS 2021 360; BBl 2018 6427). Versiun tenor la cifra I da la LF dals 17 da zer. 2022, en vigur dapi il 1. da schan. 2024 (AS 2023 468; BBl 2019 6697). SR 812.121Art. 173 Dretg da refusar da dar perditga en cas d’ulteriuras obligaziuns da mantegnair in secret Tgi che sto mantegnair secrets professiunals tenor ina da las suandantas disposiziuns, sto far sia deposiziun mo, sche l’interess da chattar la vardad predominescha l’interess da mantegnair il secret:a. artitgel 321 CP;b. artitgel 139 alinea 3 dal Cudesch civil svizzer;c. artitgel 2 da la Lescha federala dals 9 d’october 1981 davart ils posts da cussegliaziun per dumondas da gravidanza;d. artitgel 11 da la Lescha dals 23 da mars 2007 davart l’agid a victimas;e. artitgel 3c alinea 4 LN;f. ... Titulars d’auters secrets protegids tras lescha èn obligads da far ina deposiziun. La direcziun da la procedura als po deliberar da l’obligaziun da dar perditga, sch’els pon far valair vardaivlamain che l’interess da mantegnair il secret predomineschia l’interess da chattar la vardad. SR 311.0 SR 210. Quest art. è ussa abolì. SR 857.5 Versiun tenor la cifra II 7 da l’agiunta da la LF dals 19 da mars 2010 davart l’organisaziun da las autoritads penalas, en vigur dapi il 1. da schan. 2011 (AS 2010 3267; BBl 2008 8125). SR 312.5 Versiun tenor la cifra I da la LF dals 17 da zer. 2022, en vigur dapi il 1. da schan. 2024 (AS 2023 468; BBl 2019 6697). SR 812.121 Integrà tras la cifra 2 da l’agiunta da la LF dals 30 da sett. 2016 davart las professiuns da sanadad (AS 2020 57; BBl 2015 8715). Abolì tras la cifra 1 da l’agiunta da la LF dals 16 da dec. 2022 davart la promoziun da la scolaziun en il sectur da la tgira, cun effect dapi il 1. da fan. 2024 (AS 2024 212; BBl 2022 1498).Art. 174 Decisiun davart l’admissibladad dal dretg da refusar da dar perditga Davart l’admissibladad dal dretg da refusar da dar perditga decida:a. en la procedura preliminara: l’autoritad interroganta;b. suenter che l’accusaziun è vegnida fatga: la dretgira. La perditga po pretender immediatamain suenter che la decisiun è vegnida communitgada che l’instanza da recurs giuditgeschia la decisiun. Fin a la decisiun da l’instanza da recurs ha la perditga il dretg da refusar da dar perditga.Art. 175 Execuziun dal dretg da refusar da dar perditga La perditga po da tut temp far valair ses dretg da refusar da dar perditga u revocar sia renunzia da tal. Deposiziuns ch’ina perditga ha fatg suenter ch’ella è vegnida infurmada davart il dretg da refusar da dar perditga pon vegnir duvradas sco cumprova er en cas che la perditga fa valair pli tard ses dretg da refusar da dar perditga u revochescha la renunzia al dretg da refusar da dar perditga.Art. 176 Dretg da refusar da dar perditga nungiustifitgà Tgi che refusescha da dar perditga senza ch’el haja il dretg da far quai, po vegnir chastià cun ina multa disciplinara u po vegnir obligà da pajar ils custs e las indemnisaziuns ch’èn vegnids chaschunads tras sia refusaziun. Sche la perditga ch’è obligada da dar perditga insista sin sia refusaziun, vegn ella – renviond a l’artitgel 292 CP – intimada anc ina giada da far sia deposiziun. Sch’ella refusescha anc ina giada da dar perditga, vegn averta ina procedura penala. SR 311.03. secziun Interrogaziun da perditgasArt. 177 Al cumenzament da mintga interrogaziun renda l’autoritad interroganta attenta la perditga a las obligaziuns da dar perditga e da dir la vardad ed a la chastiabladad d’ina perditga faussa tenor l’artitgel 307 CP. Sche questa indicaziun vegn tralaschada, è l’interrogaziun nunvalaivla. Al cumenzament da l’emprima interrogaziun dumonda l’autoritad interroganta la perditga davart las relaziuns ch’ella ha cun las partidas sco er davart autras circumstanzas che pudessan esser impurtantas per sia credibladad. Ella renda attenta la perditga a ses dretgs da refusar da dar perditga, uschespert ch’ella vesa tals dretgs sin basa da l’interrogaziun u da las actas. Sche quest renviament vegn tralaschà e sche la perditga fa valair posteriuramain ses dretg da refusar da dar perditga, na po l’interrogaziun betg vegnir duvrada. SR 311.04. chapitel InfurmatursArt. 178 NoziunSco infurmatur vegn interrogà tgi che:a. è sa constituì sco accusader privat;b. n’ha anc betg cumplenì 15 onns il mument da l’interrogaziun;c. n’è betg en cas da chapir l’object da l’interrogaziun pervia da l’abilitad da giuditgar restrenschida;d. na po – senza esser sez inculpà – betg vegnir exclus sco delinquent u sco participant dal malfatg che duai vegnir sclerì u d’in auter malfatg che ha in connex cun quest malfatg;e. sto vegnir interrogà sco persuna cuninculpada davart in malfatg che na vegn betg incriminà ad ella sezza;f. è inculpà en in’autra procedura pervia d’in malfatg che stat en in connex cun il malfatg che duai vegnir sclerì;g. è vegnì u pudess vegnir designà sco represchentant da l’interpresa en ina procedura penala ch’è drizzada cunter questa interpresa, sco er ses collavuraturs.Art. 179 Infurmaturs tar interrogaziuns da la polizia La polizia interroghescha ina persuna sco infurmatura, sche quella na vegn betg en dumonda sco persuna inculpada. Resalvada resta l’interrogaziun sco perditga tenor l’artitgel 142 alinea 2.Art. 180 Posiziun Ils infurmaturs tenor l’artitgel 178 literas b–g n’èn betg obligads da far deposiziuns; per els valan confurm al senn las disposiziuns davart l’interrogaziun da persunas inculpadas. L’accusader privat (art. 178 lit. a) è obligà da far deposiziuns davant la procura publica, davant las dretgiras sco er davant la polizia che l’interroghescha per incumbensa da la procura publica. Dal rest èn applitgablas confurm al senn las disposiziuns davart las perditgas, cun excepziun da l’artitgel 176.Art. 181 Interrogaziun Al cumenzament da l’interrogaziun renda l’autoritad interroganta attent l’infurmatur a sia obligaziun da dar perditga u a ses dretgs da refusar da far deposiziuns u da dar perditga. Infurmaturs ch’èn obligads da far deposiziuns u che sa decleran pronts da far ina deposiziun renda ella attents a las consequenzas penalas pussaivlas, sch’ellas inculpeschan faussamain insatgi, sch’ellas mainan en errur la giustia u sch’ellas favuriseschan insatgi.5. chapitel ExpertsArt. 182 Premissas per consultar in expertLa procura publica e las dretgiras consulteschan in u plirs experts, sch’ellas n’han betg las enconuschientschas e las abilitads spezialas ch’èn necessarias per constatar u per giuditgar ils fatgs.Art. 183 Pretensiuns a l’expert Sco experts pon vegnir nominadas persunas natiralas che possedan las enconuschientschas e las abilitads spezialas necessarias en il sectur spezial respectiv. Per tscherts secturs pon la Confederaziun ed ils chantuns prevair experts permanents u experts uffizials. Per experts valan ils motivs da recusaziun tenor l’artitgel 56.Art. 184 Nominaziun ed incumbensa La direcziun da la procedura nominescha l’expert. Ella al conceda ina incumbensa en scrit; quella cuntegna:a. la designaziun da l’expert;b. eventualmain la remartga che l’expert possia engaschar ulteriuras persunas sut sia responsabladad per elavurar l’expertisa;c. las dumondas formuladas en moda precisa;d. il termin per consegnar l’expertisa;e. il renviament a l’obligaziun da l’expert e da sias eventualas persunas auxiliaras da mantegnair secret il cuntegn da l’incumbensa;f. il renviament a las consequenzas penalas d’ina expertisa faussa tenor l’artitgel 307 CP. La direcziun da la procedura dat ordavant la pussaivladad a las partidas da s’exprimer davart l’expert e davart las dumondas e da far atgnas propostas en chaussa. En cas d’analisas da labor po ella desister da quai, en spezial, sch’i sa tracta d’eruir la concentraziun d’alcohol en il sang u il grad da purezza da substanzas, da cumprovar narcotics en il sang u da far in profil dal DNA. Ensemen cun l’incumbensa surdat ella a l’expert las actas ed ils objects ch’èn necessaris per far l’expertisa. Ella po revocar da tut temp ina incumbensa e nominar novs experts, sche quai è en l’interess da la chaussa penala. Avant che conceder l’incumbensa po ella pretender in preventiv dals custs. Sche l’accusader privat pretenda in’expertisa, po la direcziun da la procedura colliar la concessiun da l’incumbensa cun la cundiziun che l’accusader privat prestia in pajament anticipà dals custs. SR 311.0Art. 185 Elavuraziun da l’expertisa L’expert è persunalmain responsabel per l’expertisa. La direcziun da la procedura po envidar l’expert ad acts processuals e l’autorisar da far dumondas a las persunas che duain vegnir interrogadas. Sche l’expert è da l’avis che las actas stoppian vegnir agiuntadas, fa el ina proposta correspundenta a la direcziun da la procedura. L’expert po far sez retschertgas simplas che stattan en in stretg connex cun l’incumbensa e convocar persunas per quest intent. Quellas ston dar suatientscha a la convocaziun. Sch’ellas refuseschan da cumparair, pon ellas vegnir manadas da la polizia davant l’expert. En cas da retschertgas tras l’expert pon la persuna inculpada ed – en la dimensiun da lur dretg da refusaziun – persunas che han il dretg da refusar da far deposiziuns u da dar perditga, refusar da cooperar u da far deposiziuns. Al cumenzament da la retschertga renda l’expert attentas las persunas pertutgadas a quest dretg.Art. 186 Ospitalisaziun per far in’expertisa La procura publica e las dretgiras pon ordinar l’ospitalisaziun d’ina persuna inculpada, sche quai è necessari per elavurar in’expertisa medicinala. La procura publica pretenda l’ospitalisaziun tar la dretgira da mesiras repressivas, sche la persuna inculpada respectiva na sa chatta betg gia en arrest d’inquisiziun. La dretgira da mesiras repressivas decida en chaussa en ina procedura en scrit. Sch’i sa mussa durant la procedura giudiziala ch’ina ospitalisaziun saja necessaria per obtegnair in’expertisa, decida la dretgira respectiva en chaussa en ina procedura en scrit. La dimora a l’ospital vegn messa a quint al chasti. Dal rest sa drizzan l’ospitalisaziun per far in’expertisa confurm al senn tenor las prescripziuns davart l’arrest d’inquisiziun e davart l’arrest da segirezza. Versiun da la segunda frasa tenor la cifra I da la LF dals 17 da zer. 2022, en vigur dapi il 1. da schan. 2024 (AS 2023 468; BBl 2019 6697). Versiun tenor la cifra I da la LF dals 17 da zer. 2022, en vigur dapi il 1. da schan. 2024 (AS 2023 468; BBl 2019 6697).Art. 187 Furma da l’expertisa L’expert consegna l’expertisa en scrit. Sche ulteriuras persunas èn stadas participadas a l’elavuraziun, ston vegnir numnads lur num sco er la funcziun ch’ellas avevan tar l’elavuraziun da l’expertisa. La direcziun da la procedura po ordinar che l’expertisa vegnia consegnada a bucca ubain ch’ina expertisa ch’è vegnida consegnada en scrit vegnia declerada u cumplettada a bucca; en quest cas èn applitgablas las prescripziuns davart l’interrogaziun da perditgas.Art. 188 Posiziun da las partidasLa direcziun da la procedura renda enconuschenta a las partidas l’expertisa ch’è vegnida consegnada en scrit e fixescha in termin per prender posiziun.Art. 189 Cumplettaziun e correctura da l’expertisaD’uffizi u sin dumonda d’ina partida lascha la direcziun da la procedura cumplettar u curreger l’expertisa dal medem expert u nominescha ulteriurs experts, sche:a. l’expertisa n’è betg cumpletta u betg clera;b. plirs experts divergeschan considerablamain in da l’auter en lur conclusiuns; uc. i dat dubis davart la correctadad da l’expertisa.Art. 190 IndemnisaziunL’expert ha il dretg da vegnir indemnisà en moda adequata.Art. 191 Negligientscha da las obligaziunsSch’in expert n’ademplescha betg sias obligaziuns u na las ademplescha betg a temp, po la direcziun da la procedura:a. chastiar el cun ina multa disciplinara;b. revocar l’incumbensa senza indemnisar la lavur ch’è vegnida prestada fin a quel mument.6. chapitel Meds da cumprova materialsArt. 192 Objects da cumprova Las autoritads penalas mettan ils originals dals objects da cumprova tar las actas, e quai en moda cumpletta. Da documents e d’ulteriuras registraziuns vegnan fatgas copias, sche quai basta per ils intents da la procedura. Las copias ston sche necessari vegnir legalisadas. En il rom da las prescripziuns davart l’invista da las actas pon las partidas prender invista dals objects da cumprovaArt. 193 Inspecziun La procura publica, las dretgiras ed, en cas simpels, la polizia inspecziuneschan al lieu objects, localitads ed andaments ch’èn impurtants per giuditgar ils fatgs, che na stattan però betg directamain a disposiziun sco objects da cumprova. Mintga persuna ha da tolerar l’inspecziun e da conceder l’access necessari als participants. Sch’i sto vegnir mess pe en chasas, en abitaziuns u en autras localitads che n’èn betg generalmain accessiblas, observan las autoritads las disposiziuns che valan per la perquisiziun da chasas. Cun agid da registraziuns visualas u sonoras, da plans, da dissegns u da descripziuns ubain en autra moda vegnan las inspecziuns documentadas per las actas. La direcziun da la procedura po ordinar che:a. auters acts processuals vegnian transferids al lieu da l’inspecziun;b. l’inspecziun vegnia colliada cun ina reconstrucziun dal malfatg u cun ina confruntaziun; en quest cas èn la persuna inculpada, las perditgas ed ils infurmaturs obligads da sa participar a questa inspecziun; lur dretgs da refusar da far deposiziuns restan resalvads.Art. 194 Utilisaziun d’actas d’autras proceduras La procura publica e las dretgiras pon duvrar actas d’autras proceduras, sche quai è necessari per cumprovar ils fatgs u per giuditgar la persuna inculpada. Autoritads administrativas e giudizialas mettan a disposiziun lur actas per laschar prender invista, nun che interess publics u privats da mantegnair il secret s’opponian a quai. Conflicts tranter autoritads dal medem chantun decida l’instanza da recurs dal chantun respectiv, tals tranter autoritads da differents chantuns u tranter autoritads chantunalas ed autoritads federalas il Tribunal penal federal.Art. 195 Dumonda da rapports e d’infurmaziuns Las autoritads penalas dumondan rapports uffizials ed attests dal medi davart andaments che pudessan avair ina impurtanza en la procedura penala. Per sclerir las relaziuns persunalas da la persuna inculpada dumondan la procura publica e las dretgiras infurmaziuns davart chastis precedents e davart la reputaziun e consulteschan ulteriurs rapports utils en chaussa d’uffizis e da persunas privatas.5. titel Mesiras repressivas1. chapitel Disposiziuns generalasArt. 196 NoziunMesiras repressivas èn acts processuals da las autoritads penalas che intervegnan en ils dretgs fundamentals da las persunas pertutgadas e che servan:a. a segirar cumprovas;b. a garantir la preschientscha da persunas durant la procedura;c. a garantir l’execuziun da la decisiun finala.Art. 197 Princips Mesiras repressivas pon vegnir prendidas mo, sche:a. ellas èn previsas da la lescha;b. igl è avant maun in suspect suffizient ch’i saja vegnì commess in malfatg;c. las finamiras che vegnan prendidas en mira cun talas na pon betg vegnir cuntanschidas cun mesiras main severas;d. l’impurtanza dal malfatg giustifitgescha la mesira repressiva. Mesiras repressivas che intervegnan en ils dretgs fundamentals da persunas betg inculpadas ston vegnir applitgadas cun retegnientschas spezialas.Art. 198 Cumpetenza Mesiras repressivas pon vegnir ordinadas:a. da la procura publica;b. da las dretgiras, en cas urgents la direcziun da la procedura;c. da la polizia en ils cas ch’èn previs da la lescha. La Confederaziun ed ils chantuns pon resalvar la cumpetenza da la polizia d’ordinar e da prender mesiras repressivas ad appartegnents da la polizia che han in tschert grad u ina tscherta funcziun.Art. 199 Communicaziun da l’ordinaziunSch’ina mesira repressiva sto vegnir ordinada en scrit e sch’ella na sto betg vegnir tegnida secreta, vegn consegnada a las persunas ch’èn pertutgadas directamain – cunter ina quittanza – ina copia dal cumond e d’in eventual protocol d’execuziun.Art. 200 Diever da violenzaPer far valair las mesiras repressivas dastga – sco ultim med – vegnir duvrada violenza; quella sto tegnair quint dal princip da proporziunalitad.2. chapitel Citaziun, cumparsa e tschertga da persunas1. secziun CitaziunArt. 201 Furma e cuntegn Las citaziuns da la procura publica, da las autoritads penalas per surpassaments e da las dretgiras vegnan decretadas en scrit. Ella cuntegnan:a. la designaziun da l’autoritad penala citanta e da las persunas che vegnan ad exequir l’act processual;b. la designaziun da la persuna citada e da la qualitad, en la quala ella duai sa participar a l’act processual;c. il motiv da la citaziun, nun che l’intent da l’inquisiziun scumondia questa infurmaziun;d. il lieu, la data e las uras che la persuna citada sto cumparair;e. il cumond da vegnir persunalmain;f. il renviament a las consequenzas giuridicas en cas d’ina absenza nunperstgisada;g. la data da l’emissiun da la citaziun;h. la suttascripziun da la persuna citanta.Art. 202 Termin Citaziuns vegnan consegnadas:a. en la procedura preliminara: almain 3 dis avant l’act processual;b. en la procedura davant dretgira: almain 10 dis avant l’act processual. Citaziuns publicas vegnan publitgadas almain 1 mais avant l’act processual. Cun fixar il termin vegni tegnì quint commensuradamain da la disponibladad da la persuna citada.Art. 203 Excepziuns Ina citaziun po vegnir decretada en in’autra furma che quella prescritta e cun termins pli curts:a. en cas urgents; ub. cun il consentiment da la persuna che duai vegnir citada, Tgi che sa chatta al lieu da l’act processual u en arrest, po vegnir interrogà immediatamain e senza citaziun.Art. 204 Accumpagnament liber Sch’i ston vegnir citadas persunas che sa chattan a l’exteriur, po la procura publica u la direcziun da la procedura garantir ad ellas in accumpagnament liber. Persunas, a las qualas è vegnì garantì in accumpagnament liber, na pon betg vegnir arrestadas u suttamessas ad autras mesiras che restrenschan la libertad en Svizra per acts u per condemnaziuns che dateschan dal temp avant ch’ellas èn partidas da la Svizra. L’accumpagnament liber po vegnir collià cun cundiziuns. En quest cas ston las persunas pertutgadas vegnir rendidas attentas al fatg che l’accumpagnament liber extinguia, sch’ellas cuntrafetschian a las cundiziuns ch’èn colliadas cun l’accumpagnament liber.Art. 205 Obligaziun da sa preschentar, impediment e negligientscha Tgi che vegn cità d’ina autoritad penala ha da dar suatientscha a la citaziun. Tgi ch’è impedì da dar suatientscha ad ina citaziun, sto communitgar quai immediatamain a l’autoritad citanta; el sto motivar ed – uschenavant che quai è pussaivel – cumprovar l’impediment. Per motivs impurtants po ina citaziun vegnir revocada. La revocaziun ha in effect pir, cur ch’ella è vegnida communitgada a la persuna citada. Tgi che na dat nunperstgisadamain betg suatientscha ad ina citaziun da la procura publica, da l’autoritad penala per surpassaments u da la dretgira u tgi che dat memia tard suatientscha ad ina tala citaziun, po vegnir chastià cun ina multa disciplinara e po ultra da quai vegnir manà da la polizia davant l’autoritad respectiva. Resalvadas restan las disposiziuns davart la procedura contumaziala.Art. 206 Citaziuns da vart da la polizia En la procedura poliziala d’investigaziun po la polizia citar persunas per las interrogar, per constatar lur identitad u per las suttametter ad in tractament dal servetsch d’identificaziun, e quai senza resguardar furmas spezialas e termins. Tgi che na dat betg suatientscha ad ina citaziun da vart da la polizia po vegnir manà davant l’autoritad cumpetenta, sche questa mesira è vegnida smanatschada en scrit a la persuna citada.2. secziun Mandat polizial da manar ina persuna davant in’autoritadArt. 207 Premissas e cumpetenza Ina persuna po vegnir manada da la polizia davant in’autoritad, sche:a. ella n’ha betg dà suatientscha ad ina citaziun;b. i sto vegnir supponì sin basa d’indizis concrets ch’ella na vegnia betg a dar suatientscha ad ina citaziun;c. igl è indispensabel ch’ella cumparia immediatamain – en cas da proceduras pervia da crims e pervia da delicts – en l’interess da la procedura;d. ella vegn suspectada urgentamain d’avair commess in crim u in delict ed i ston vegnir supponids motivs d’arrest. Ch’ina persuna vegnia manada davant in’autoritad vegn ordinà da la direcziun da la procedura.Art. 208 Furma da l’ordinaziun Sch’ina persuna duai vegnir manada davant in’autoritad, sto l’ordinaziun respectiva vegnir fatga en scrit. En cas urgents po ella vegnir fatga a bucca; ella sto dentant vegnir confermada posteriuramain en scrit. Il cumond cuntegna las medemas indicaziuns sco la citaziun ed ultra da quai explicitamain l’autorisaziun da la polizia da duvrar sche necessari violenza per exequir il cumond sco er da pudair metter pe en chasas, en abitaziuns ed en autras localitads che n’èn betg generalmain accessiblas.Art. 209 Proceder La polizia exequescha il cumond da manar ina persuna davant in’autoritad cun prender uschè bler resguard da la persuna pertutgada sco pussaivel. Ella preschenta a la persuna pertutgada il cumond da la manar davant in’autoritad e la maina davant l’autoritad respectiva, e quai immediatamain u sin il temp che vegn numnà en il cumond. L’autoritad infurmescha la persuna ch’è vegnida manada davant ella immediatamain ed en ina lingua che questa persuna chapescha davart il motiv, pertge ch’ella è vegnida manada davant ella, exequescha ils acts processuals e la relascha alura immediatamain, nun che l’autoritad pretendia l’ordinaziun da l’arrest d’inquisiziun u da l’arrest da segirezza.3. secziun Tschertga da persunasArt. 210 Princips La procura publica, las autoritads penalas per surpassaments e las dretgiras pon laschar publitgar persunas, da las qualas la dimora n’è betg enconuschenta e da las qualas la preschientscha en la procedura è necessaria, per eruir il lieu da dimora. En cas urgents po la polizia ordinar ina publicaziun da sai anor. Ina persuna inculpada po vegnir publitgada per l’arrestar e per la manar davant in’autoritad (cumond d’arrest), sch’ella vegn suspectada urgentamain d’avair commess in crim u in delict e sch’i ston vegnir supponids motivs d’arrest. Sche la procura publica, l’autoritad penala per surpassaments u la dretgira n’ordinescha nagut auter, è la polizia cumpetenta per far la publicaziun. Per la tschertga d’objects e da valurs da facultad valan ils alineas 1–3 tenor il senn. En la procedura preliminara po la polizia ordinar da sai anora la tschertga d’objects e da valurs da facultad. Versiun tenor la cifra I da la LF dals 17 da zer. 2022, en vigur dapi il 1. da schan. 2024 (AS 2023 468; BBl 2019 6697). Versiun tenor la cifra I da la LF dals 17 da zer. 2022, en vigur dapi il 1. da schan. 2024 (AS 2023 468; BBl 2019 6697).Art. 211 Cooperaziun da la publicitad La publicitad po vegnir supplitgada da cooperar tar la tschertga. La Confederaziun ed ils chantuns pon decretar disposiziuns, tenor las qualas persunas privatas pon vegnir remuneradas per avair cooperà cun success tar la tschertga.3. chapitel Privaziun da la libertad, arrest d’inquisiziun ed arrest da segirezza1. secziun Disposiziuns generalasArt. 212 Princips La persuna inculpada resta en libertad. Ella dastga vegnir suttamessa a mesiras repressivas da detenziun mo en il rom da las disposiziuns da questa lescha. Mesiras repressivas da detenziun ston vegnir abolidas, uschespert che:a. lur premissas n’èn betg pli ademplidasb. la durada, ch’è previsa da questa lescha u ch’è vegnida permessa d’ina dretgira, è scadida; uc. mesiras da cumpensaziun permettan da cuntanscher la medema finamira. L’arrest d’inquisiziun e l’arrest da segirezza na dastgan betg durar pli ditg ch’il chasti da detenziun previsibel.Art. 213 Metter pe en localitads Sch’igl è necessari – per fermar u per arrestar ina persuna – da metter pe en chasas, en abitaziuns u en autras localitads che n’èn betg generalmain accessiblas, ston vegnir observadas las disposiziuns davart la perquisiziun da chasas. Sch’i nascha in privel dal retard, po la polizia metter pe en localitads er senza in cumond da perquisiziun da la chasa.Art. 214 Infurmaziun Sch’ina persuna vegn arrestada provisoricamain u sch’ella vegn messa en arrest d’inquisiziun u en arrest da segirezza, infurmescha l’autoritad penala cumpetenta immediatamain:a. ses confamigliars;b. sin ses giavisch ses patrun u la represchentanza estra ch’è responsabla per ella. I vegn desistì d’infurmar las persunas e l’autoritad tenor l’alinea 1, sche l’intent d’inquisiziun scumonda quai u sche la persuna pertutgada refusescha quai explicitamain. Sche las mesiras repressivas da detenziun mettan en difficultads ina persuna ch’è dependenta da la persuna arrestada, infurmescha l’autoritad penala las autoritads socialas cumpetentas. La victima vegn orientada davart l’ordinaziun e davart l’annullaziun da l’arrest d’inquisiziun e da l’arrest da segirezza e davart ina mesira da cumpensaziun tenor l’artitgel 237 alinea 2 litera c u g sco er davart la fugia da la persuna inculpada, nun ch’ella haja renunzià explicitamain da vegnir orientada. L’autoritad po renunziar d’orientar davart l’annullaziun da l’arrest, sche la persuna inculpada vegniss exponida ad in privel serius tras questa infurmaziun. Versiun tenor la cifra I 1 da l’agiunta da la LF dals 13 da dec. 2013 davart il scumond d’activitad e davart il scumond da contact e d’areal, en vigur dapi il 1. da schan. 2015 (AS 2014 2055; BBl 2012 8819).2. secziun Fermanza poliziala e dretg da persecuziunArt. 215 Fermanza poliziala En l’interess dal scleriment d’in malfatg po la polizia fermar e sche necessari manar ina persuna al post da polizia per:a. constatar sia identitad;b. l’interrogar curtamain;c. sclerir, sch’ella ha commess in malfatg;d. sclerir, sch’ella u sche objects che sa chattan en ses possess vegnan tschertgads. Ella po obligar la persuna fermada:a. d’inditgar sias persunalias;b. da preschentar ils document d’identitad;c. da mussar las chaussas ch’ella maina cun sai;d. d’avrir recipients u vehichels. Ella po dumandar persunas privatas da la sustegnair per fermar ina persuna. Sch’i sto vegnir supponì sin basa d’indizis concrets ch’i vegnian commess malfatgs en in tschert lieu u ch’i sa trategnian là persunas inculpadas, po la polizia bloccar l’access a quest lieu e fermar las persunas che sa trategnan là.Art. 216 Dretg da persecuziun En cas urgents ha la polizia il dretg da persequitar ina persuna inculpada sin il territori d’ina autra vischnanca, d’in auter chantun ed, en il rom da contracts internaziunals, a l’exteriur e da la fermar là. Sche la persuna fermada duai alura vegnir arrestada, vegn ella surdada immediatamain a l’autoritad ch’è cumpetenta al lieu, nua che la persuna è vegnida fermada.3. secziun Arrestaziun provisoricaArt. 217 Tras la polizia La polizia è obligada d’arrestar provisoricamain e da manar al post da polizia ina persuna:a. ch’ella ha tschiffà en flagranti tar in crim u tar in delict u chattà immediatamain suenter ch’ella ha commess in crim u in delict;b. ch’è publitgada per l’arrestaziun. Ella po arrestar provisoricamain e manar al post da polizia ina persuna che vegn suspectada – sin basa d’investigaziuns u d’autras infurmaziuns fidadas – d’avair commess in crim u in delict. Ella po arrestar provisoricamain e manar al post da polizia ina persuna ch’ella ha tschiffà en flagranti tar in surpassament u ch’ella ha chattà immediatamain suenter ch’ella ha commess in surpassament, sche:a. la persuna na dat betg enconuschent sias persunalias;b. la persuna na viva betg en Svizra e na presta betg immediatamain ina cauziun per la multa previsa;c. l’arrestaziun è necessaria per impedir la persuna da commetter ulteriurs surpassaments.Art. 218 Tras persunas privatas Sche l’agid da la polizia na po betg vegnir obtegnì ad ura, han persunas privatas il dretg d’arrestar provisoricamain ina persuna, sche:a. ellas han tschiffà questa persuna en flagranti tar in crim u tar in delict u chattà immediatamain suenter ch’ella ha commess in crim u in delict;b. la publicitad è vegnida dumandada da cooperar tar la tschertga da questa persuna. Tar l’arrestaziun dastgan persunas privatas applitgar violenza mo a norma da l’artitgel 200. Persunas arrestadas ston vegnir surdadas a la polizia uschè svelt sco pussaivel.Art. 219 Proceder da la polizia Suenter l’arrestaziun constatescha la polizia immediatamain l’identitad da la persuna arrestada, infurmescha quella en ina lingua che quella chapescha davart ils motivs da l’arrestaziun e la renviescha en il senn da l’artitgel 158 a ses dretgs. Alura infurmescha ella immediatamain la procura publica davart l’arrestaziun. Suenter interroghescha ella la persuna arrestada – applitgond l’artitgel 159 – davart il suspect ch’è avant maun cunter ella e fa immediatamain ils scleriments ch’èn adattads per confermar u per refutar il suspect d’avair commess in malfatg ed ils ulteriurs motivs d’arrest. Sch’i resulta dals scleriments ch’ils motivs d’arrest n’existan betg u betg pli, lascha ella immediatamain liber la persuna arrestada. Sch’ils scleriments conferman il suspect d’avair commess in malfatg ed in motiv d’arrest, maina ella la persuna immediatamain davant la procura publica. La persuna arrestada vegn en mintga cas laschada libra u manada davant la procura publica il pli tard suenter 24 uras; sche la persuna è vegnida fermada avant ch’ella è vegnida arrestada, sto la durada da la fermanza vegnir attribuida a quest termin. Sche la polizia ha arrestà provisoricamain ina persuna en il senn da l’artitgel 217 alinea 3 e sche la persuna duai vegnir tegnida en fermanza pli ditg che 3 uras, sto quai vegnir ordinà d’appartegnents da la polizia che han l’autorisaziun da la Confederaziun u dal chantun per far quai.4. secziun Arrest d’inquisiziun ed arrest da segirezza: Disposiziuns generalasArt. 220 Noziuns L’arrest d’inquisiziun cumenza cun sia ordinaziun tras la dretgira da mesiras repressivas e finescha cun l’entrada da l’accusaziun tar la dretgira d’emprima instanza, cun il cumenzament anticipà d’ina sancziun da detenziun u cun la relaschada da la persuna inculpada durant l’inquisiziun. Sco arrest da segirezza vala l’arrest durant il temp tranter l’entrada da l’acta d’accusaziun tar la dretgira d’emprima instanza e la vigur legala da la sentenzia, il cumenzament d’ina sancziun da detenziun, l’execuziun da l’expulsiun u la relaschada. Versiun tenor la cifra 5 da l’agiunta da la LF dals 20 da mars 2015 (realisaziun da l’art. 121 al. 3–6 Cst. davart l’expulsiun da persunas estras criminalas), en vigur dapi il 1. d’oct. 2016 (AS 2016 2329; BBl 2013 5975).Art. 221 Premissas L’arrest d’inquisiziun e l’arrest da segirezza èn mo admissibels, sche la persuna vegn inculpada urgentamain d’avair commess in crim u in delict e sch’i sto vegnir temì seriusamain ch’ella:a. sa retiria tras fugia da la procedura penala u da la sancziun previsa;b. influenzeschia persunas e sfalsifitgeschia meds da cumprova per cumprometter uschia da chattar la vardad; uc. pericliteschia considerablamain e da maniera imminenta la segirezza d’autras persunas cun commetter crims u grevs delicts, suenter ch’ella ha commess gia pli baud malfatgs dal medem gener. L’arrest d’inquisiziun e l’arrest da segirezza èn excepziunalmain admissibels, sche:a. la persuna inculpada vegn suspectada urgentamain d’avair violà grevamain l’integritad fisica, psichica u sexuala d’ina persuna tras in crim u tras in grev delict; eb. igl exista in privel serius ed imminent che la persuna inculpada commettia in grev crim dal medem gener. L’arrest è er admess, sch’igl exista in privel serius ed imminent ch’ina persuna realiseschia propi sia smanatscha da commetter in grev crim. Versiun tenor la cifra I da la LF dals 17 da zer. 2022, en vigur dapi il 1. da schan. 2024 (AS 2023 468; BBl 2019 6697). Integrà tras la cifra I da la LF dals 17 da zer. 2022, en vigur dapi il 1. da schan. 2024 (AS 2023 468; BBl 2019 6697). Versiun tenor la cifra I da la LF dals 17 da zer. 2022, en vigur dapi il 1. da schan. 2024 (AS 2023 468; BBl 2019 6697).Art. 222 Meds legalsSulettamain la persuna arrestada po contestar decisiuns davart l’ordinaziun, davart la prolungaziun e davart l’annullaziun da l’arrest d’inquisiziun u da l’arrest da segirezza tar l’instanza da recurs. L’artitgel 233 resta resalvà. Versiun tenor la cifra I da la LF dals 17 da zer. 2022, en vigur dapi il 1. da schan. 2024 (AS 2023 468; BBl 2019 6697).Art. 223 Contacts cun la defensiun en la procedura d’arrest En la procedura d’arrest po la defensiun esser preschenta a las interrogaziuns da la persuna inculpada ed ad ulteriuras registraziuns da las cumprovas. En la procedura d’arrest davant la procura publica e davant las dretgiras po la persuna inculpada contactar da tut temp en scrit u a bucca la defensiun, e quai senza vegnir survegliada.5. secziun Arrest d’inquisiziunArt. 224 Procedura d’arrest davant la procura publica La procura publica interroghescha immediatamain la persuna inculpada e la dat la pussaivladad da s’exprimer davart il suspect d’avair commess in malfatg e davart ils motivs d’arrest. Ella retschertga immediatamain quellas cumprovas ch’èn adattadas e senz’auter disponiblas per confermar u per refutar il suspect d’avair commess in malfatg ed ils motivs d’arrest. Sch’il suspect d’avair commess in malfatg ed ils motivs d’arrest sa conferman, pretenda la procura publica immediatamain da la dretgira da mesiras repressivas, il pli tard dentant entaifer 48 uras dapi l’arrestaziun, d’ordinar l’arrest d’inquisiziun u ina mesira da cumpensaziun. Ella inoltrescha sia pretensiun en scrit, la motivescha curtamain ed agiunta las actas essenzialas. Sch’ella renunzia da pretender l’arrest, decretescha ella da laschar immediatamain liber la persuna arrestada. Sch’ella pretenda ina mesira da cumpensaziun, prenda ella las mesiras da segirezza necessarias.Art. 225 Procedura d’arrest davant la dretgira da mesiras repressivas La dretgira da mesiras repressivas fixescha immediatamain suenter l’entrada da la pretensiun da la procura publica ina tractativa betg publica cun la procura publica, cun la persuna inculpada e cun sia defensiun; ella po obligar la procura publica da sa participar a questa tractativa. Sin dumonda conceda ella a la persuna inculpada ed a la defensiun ordavant invista da las actas che stattan a sia disposiziun. Tgi che manca giustifitgadamain a la tractativa po inoltrar giavischs en scrit u renviar ad anteriuras inoltraziuns. La dretgira da mesiras repressivas retschertga las cumprovas ch’èn immediatamain disponiblas e ch’èn adattadas per confermar u per refutar il suspect d’avair commess in malfatg ubain ils motivs d’arrest. Sche la persuna inculpada renunzia explicitamain ad ina tractativa, po la dretgira da mesiras repressivas decider en ina procedura en scrit sin basa da la pretensiun da la procura publica e da las inoltraziuns da la persuna inculpada. Versiun tenor la cifra I da la LF dals 17 da zer. 2022, en vigur dapi il 1. da schan. 2024 (AS 2023 468; BBl 2019 6697).Art. 226 Decisiun da la dretgira da mesiras repressivas La dretgira da mesiras repressivas decida immediatamain, il pli tard però entaifer 48 uras dapi l’entrada da la pretensiun. Ella communitgescha immediatamain sia decisiun a la procura publica, a la persuna inculpada ed a sia defensiun a bucca u, en cas ch’els èn absents, en scrit. Alura las trametta ella ina curta motivaziun en scrit. Sch’ella ordinescha in arrest d’inquisiziun, renda ella attenta la persuna inculpada ch’ella possia far da tut temp ina dumonda da vegnir relaschada or da l’arrest. En sia decisiun po ella:a. fixar la durada maximala da l’arrest d’inquisiziun;b. incumbensar la procura publica d’exequir tscherts acts d’inquisiziun;c. ordinar mesiras da cumpensaziun empè da l’arrest d’inquisiziun. Sch’ella n’ordinescha betg l’arrest d’inquisiziun, vegn la persuna inculpada immediatamain laschada libra.Art. 227 Dumonda da prolungar l’arrest Sche la durada da l’arrest d’inquisiziun ch’è vegnida fixada da la dretgira da mesiras repressivas scada, po la procura publica far ina dumonda per prolungar l’arrest d’inquisiziun. Sche la dretgira da mesiras repressivas n’ha betg limità la durada da l’arrest d’inquisiziun, sto questa dumonda vegnir fatga avant che 3 mais d’arrest d’inquisiziun èn passads. La procura publica inoltrescha la dumonda motivada en scrit a la dretgira da mesiras repressivas il pli tard 4 dis avant la scadenza da la durada da l’arrest ed agiunta las actas essenzialas. La dretgira da mesiras repressivas dat a la persuna inculpada ed a sia defensiun la pussaivladad da prender invista da las actas che la stattan a disposiziun e da prender posiziun en scrit davart la dumonda entaifer 3 dis. Ella po ordinar che l’arrest d’inquisiziun vegnia prolungà provisoricamain, fin ch’ella ha prendì sia decisiun. La dretgira da mesiras repressivas decida il pli tard entaifer 5 dis suenter che la posiziun è entrada respectivamain suenter ch’il termin menziunà en l’alinea 3 è scadì. Ella po incumbensar la procura publica da far tscherts acts d’inquisiziun ubain ordinar mesiras da cumpensaziun. Per regla vegn la procedura fatga en scrit, ma la dretgira da mesiras repressivas po ordinar ina tractativa; quella n’è dentant betg publica. La prolungaziun da l’arrest d’inquisiziun vegn mintgamai permessa per maximalmain 3 mais, en cas excepziunals per maximalmain 6 mais.Art. 228 Dumonda da vegnir relaschà or da l’arrest La persuna inculpada po inoltrar tar la procura publica da tut temp ina dumonda da vegnir relaschada or da l’arrest, saja quai en scrit u – per mauns dal protocol – a bucca; resalvà resta l’alinea 5. La dumonda sto vegnir motivada curtamain. Sche la procura publica accepta la dumonda, relascha ella la persuna inculpada immediatamain da l’arrest. Sch’ella na vul betg acceptar la dumonda, transmetta ella quella – ensemen cun las actas e cun ina posiziun motivada – a la dretgira da mesiras repressivas, e quai il pli tard 3 dis suenter che la dumonda è entrada. La dretgira da mesiras repressivas trametta la posiziun a la persuna inculpada ed a sia defensiun e fixescha in termin da 3 dis per la replica. La dretgira da mesiras repressivas decida il pli tard entaifer 5 dis suenter che la replica è entrada respectivamain suenter ch’il termin menziunà en l’alinea 3 è scadì en ina tractativa betg publica. Sche la persuna inculpada renunzia explicitamain ad ina tractativa, po la decisiun er vegnir decretada en scrit. Dal rest è applitgabel l’artitgel 226 alineas 2–5 confurm al senn. En sia decisiun po la dretgira da mesiras repressivas fixar in termin da maximalmain 1 mais, durant il qual la persuna inculpada na po betg far ina dumonda da relaschada.6. secziun Arrest da segirezzaArt. 229 Decisiun davart l’ordinaziun da l’arrest da segirezza Sin ina dumonda en scrit da la procura publica decida la dretgira da mesiras repressivas davart l’ordinaziun da l’arrest da segirezza, sche la persuna inculpada sa chatta gia en arrest d’inquisiziun. Sch’i resultan motivs d’arrest pir suenter che l’accusaziun è vegnida fatga, fa la direcziun da la procedura da la dretgira d’emprima instanza – applitgond l’artitgel 224 confurm al senn – ina procedura d’arrest da segirezza e pretenda da la dretgira da mesiras repressivas d’ordinar l’arrest da segirezza. La procedura davant la dretgira da mesiras repressivas sa drizza:a. confurm al senn tenor ils artitgels 225 e 226, sche la persuna inculpada na sa chatta betg gia en arrest d’inquisiziun;b. confurm al senn tenor l’artitgel 227, sche la persuna inculpada sa chatta gia en arrest d’inquisiziun.Art. 230 Relaschada or da l’arrest da segirezza durant la procedura d’emprima instanza Durant la procedura d’emprima instanza pon la persuna inculpada e la procura publica far ina dumonda da vegnir relaschà respectivamain da relaschar or da l’arrest. La dumonda sto vegnir drizzada a la direcziun da la procedura da la dretgira d’emprima instanza. Sche la direcziun da la procedura accepta la dumonda, relascha ella la persuna inculpada immediatamain or da l’arrest. Sch’ella na vul betg acceptar la dumonda, la transferescha ella a la dretgira da mesiras repressivas per laschar decider. Cun il consentiment da la procura publica po la direcziun da la procedura da la dretgira d’emprima instanza er ordinar sezza la relaschada or da l’arrest. Sche la procura publica na dat betg ses consentiment, decida la dretgira da mesiras repressivas. Dal rest valan las disposiziuns da l’artitgel 228 confurm al senn.Art. 231 Arrest da segirezza suenter la sentenzia d’emprima instanza La dretgira d’emprima instanza decida en sia sentenzia, sch’ina persuna inculpada duai vegnir messa u tegnida en arrest da segirezza:a. per segirar l’execuziun dal chasti u da las mesiras;b. en vista a la procedura d’appellaziun. Sche la persuna inculpada ed arrestada vegn declerada per nunculpanta e sche la dretgira d’emprima instanza ordinescha da la laschar libra, po la procura publica:a. proponer a la dretgira d’emprima instanza da colliar la liberaziun cun mesiras, renviond a la smanatscha da chasti da l’artitgel 292 CP, per garantir che la persuna declerada per nunculpanta saja preschenta en la procedura d’appellaziun. La persuna declerada per nunculpanta e la procura publica pon contestar las decisiuns davart l’ordinaziun da mesiras tar l’instanza da recurs;b. proponer a la dretgira d’emprima instanza – per mauns da la direcziun da la procedura da la dretgira d’appellaziun – che l’arrest da segirezza vegnia cuntinuà, sch’igl exista in privel serius ed imminent che la persuna declerada per nunculpanta pericliteschia considerablamain e da maniera imminenta la segirezza d’autras persunas cun commetter crims u grevs delicts. En quest cas resta la persuna respectiva en arrest, fin che la direcziun da la procedura da la dretgira d’appellaziun ha prendì sia decisiun. Ella decida entaifer 5 dis suenter l’inoltraziun da la proposta da la procura publica. Sch’ina appellaziun vegn retratga, decida la dretgira d’emprima instanza, sche la durada da l’arrest suenter la sentenzia duai vegnir messa a quint. SR 311.0 Versiun tenor la cifra I da la LF dals 17 da zer. 2022, en vigur dapi il 1. da schan. 2024 (AS 2023 468; BBl 2019 6697).Art. 232 Arrest da segirezza durant ina procedura davant la dretgira d’appellaziun Sch’i resultan motivs d’arrest pir durant ina procedura davant la dretgira d’appellaziun, lascha la direcziun da la procedura da la dretgira d’appellaziun immediatamain manar davant sai la persuna che sto vegnir messa en arrest e la taidla. Ella decida entaifer 48 uras dapi che la persuna inculpada è vegnida manada davant ella; questa decisiun n’è betg contestabla.Art. 233 Dumonda da vegnir relaschà or da l’arrest durant ina procedura davant la dretgira d’appellaziunLa direcziun da la procedura da la dretgira d’appellaziun decida entaifer 5 dis davart dumondas da vegnir relaschà or da l’arrest; questa decisiun n’è betg contestabla.7. secziun Execuziun da l’arrest d’inquisiziun e da l’arrest da segirezzaArt. 234 Stabiliment d’arrest L’arrest d’inquisiziun e l’arrest da segirezza vegnan exequids per regla en stabiliments d’arrest ch’èn resalvads a quest intent e che servan ultra da quai mo a l’execuziun da chastis da detenziun curts. Sche quai è inditgà per motivs medicinals, po l’autoritad chantunala cumpetenta collocar la persuna arrestada en in ospital u en ina clinica psichiatrica.Art. 235 Execuziun da l’arrest La persuna arrestada na dastga betg vegnir restrenschida en sia libertad persunala dapli che quai ch’i vegn pretendì dal motiv da l’arrest sco er da l’urden e da la segirezza en il stabiliment d’arrest. Ils contacts tranter la persuna arrestada ed autras persunas ston vegnir permess da la direcziun da la procedura. Visitas han lieu sche necessari sut surveglianza. La direcziun da la procedura controllescha la posta che entra e che sorta, cun excepziun da la correspundenza cun autoritads da surveglianza e cun autoritads penalas. Durant l’arrest da segirezza po ella surdar questa incumbensa a la procura publica. La persuna arrestada po avair contact liber cun la defensiun, senza ch’il cuntegn vegnia controllà. Sch’igl exista in suspect motivà ch’i vegnia fatg abus da quai, po la direcziun da la procedura restrenscher – cun approvaziun da la dretgira da mesiras repressivas – il contact liber per in tschert temp; ella communitgescha la restricziun ordavant a la persuna arrestada ed a la defensiun. Ils chantuns reglan ils dretgs e las obligaziuns da las persunas arrestadas, lur pussaivladads da far recurs, las mesiras disciplinaras sco er la surveglianza sur dals stabiliments d’arrest.Art. 236 Execuziun anticipada da chastis e da mesiras La direcziun da la procedura po permetter a la persuna inculpada da cumenzar anticipadamain cun l’expiaziun da chastis u da mesiras da detenziun, sch’il stadi da la procedura permetta quai e sche l’intent da l’arrest d’inquisiziun u da l’arrest da segirezza na s’oppona betg a quai. Sche l’accusaziun è gia vegnida fatga, dat la direcziun da la procedura la pussaivladad a la procura publica da prender posiziun. La Confederaziun ed ils chantuns pon prescriver che l’execuziun anticipada da mesiras stoppia vegnir approvada da las autoritads d’execuziun. Cun entrar en il stabiliment d’execuziun cumenza la persuna inculpada cun l’expiaziun da ses chasti u da sia mesira; a partir da quest mument è ella suttamessa al reschim d’execuziun. Versiun tenor la cifra I da la LF dals 17 da zer. 2022, en vigur dapi il 1. da schan. 2024 (AS 2023 468; BBl 2019 6697). Versiun tenor la cifra I da la LF dals 17 da zer. 2022, en vigur dapi il 1. da schan. 2024 (AS 2023 468; BBl 2019 6697).8. secziun Mesiras da cumpensaziunArt. 237 Disposiziuns generalas Empè da l’arrest d’inquisiziun u da l’arrest da segirezza ordinescha la dretgira cumpetenta ina u pliras mesiras main severas, sch’ellas adempleschan la medema finamira sco l’arrest. Mesiras da cumpensaziun èn en spezial:a. la prestaziun d’ina cauziun;b. la bloccada da documents d’identitad e d’autras scrittiras;c. la cundiziun u il scumond da sa trategnair en in tschert lieu u en ina tscherta chasa;d. la cundiziun da s’annunziar regularmain tar in uffizi;e. la cundiziun da pratitgar ina lavur regulara;f. la cundiziun da sa suttametter ad in tractament medicinal u ad ina controlla;g. il scumond d’avair contact cun tschertas persunas. Per survegliar talas mesiras da cumpensaziun po la dretgira ordinar ch’i vegnian duvrads apparats tecnics e che quels vegnian fixads vi da la persuna che sto vegnir survegliada. L’ordinaziun e la contestaziun da mesiras da cumpensaziun sa drizzan confurm al senn tenor las prescripziuns davart l’arrest d’inquisiziun e davart l’arrest da segirezza. La dretgira po revocar da tut temp las mesiras da cumpensaziun, ordinar autras mesiras da cumpensaziun ubain l’arrest d’inquisiziun u l’arrest da segirezza, sche novas circumstanzas pretendan quai u sche la persuna inculpada n’ademplescha betg las cundiziuns che l’èn vegnidas imponidas.Art. 238 Prestaziun d’ina cauziun Sch’igl exista il privel che la persuna inculpada fugia, po la dretgira cumpetenta prescriver ch’i vegnia pajà in import en daners per segirar che la persuna inculpada saja da tut temp preschenta als acts processuals u sa suttamettia ad ina sancziun da detenziun. La cauziun sa drizza tenor la grevezza dals acts chastiabels che vegnan renfatschads a la persuna inculpada e tenor sias relaziuns persunalas. La cauziun po vegnir pajada en daner blut u tras ina garanzia d’ina banca u d’ina assicuranza domiciliada en Svizra.Art. 239 Restituziun da la cauziun La cauziun vegn deliberada, sche:a. il motiv da l’arrest è crudà davent;b. la procedura penala è vegnida terminada cun vigur legala tras ina sistida u tras in acquittament;c. la persuna inculpada ha cumenzà ad expiar la sancziun da detenziun. Sche la cauziun pajada da la persuna inculpada vegn restituida, po ella vegnir duvrada per pajar ils chastis pecuniars, las multas, ils custs e las indemnisaziuns ch’èn vegnids imponids a la persuna inculpada. Davart la deliberaziun decida l’autoritad, davant la quala la chaussa è pendenta u è stada pendenta sco ultim.Art. 240 Scadenza da la cauziun Sch’ina persuna inculpada sa sustira da la procedura u da l’execuziun d’ina mesira da detenziun, scroda la cauziun a la Confederaziun u al chantun, dal qual la dretgira l’ha ordinà. Sch’ina terza persuna ha pajà la cauziun, po l’autoritad desister d’al laschar scrudar, sche la terza persuna ha dà ad ura las infurmaziuns che avessan pussibilità da tschiffar la persuna inculpada. Davart la scrudada da la cauziun decida l’autoritad, davant la quala la chaussa è pendenta u è stada pendenta sco ultim. Ina cauziun scrudada vegn duvrada – applitgond tenor il senn l’artitgel 73 CP – per cuvrir las pretensiuns da las persunas donnegiadas ed, en cas ch’i resta in surpli, per cuvrir ils chastis pecuniars, las multas ed ils custs da procedura. In eventual ulteriur surpli scroda a la Confederaziun u al chantun. SR 311.04. chapitel Perquisiziuns ed inspecziuns1. secziun Disposiziuns generalasArt. 241 Ordinaziun Perquisiziuns ed inspecziuns vegnan ordinadas en in cumond en scrit. En cas urgents pon ellas vegnir ordinadas a bucca; ellas sto dentant vegnir confermadas posteriuramain en scrit. Il cumond designescha:a. las persunas, las localitads, ils objects u las registraziuns che ston vegnir perquirids u inspectads;b. l’intent da la mesira;c. las autoritads u las persunas ch’èn incumbensadas da far las perquisiziuns u las inspecziuns. Sch’i resulta in privel dal retard, po la polizia ordinar che las chavorgias e las averturas betg visiblas dal corp vegnian inspectadas e far senza cumond perquisiziuns; ella infurmescha immediatamain en chaussa l’autoritad penala cumpetenta. La polizia po perquirir ina persuna fermada u arrestada, en spezial per garantir la segirezza da persunas.Art. 242 Realisaziun Las autoritads u las persunas ch’èn incumbensadas da realisar las mesiras fan las preparativas da segirezza ch’èn adattadas per cuntanscher las finamiras da las mesiras. Ellas pon scumandar a persunas da s’allontanar durant la perquisiziun u durant l’inspecziun.Art. 243 Chats casuals Fastizs u objects ch’èn vegnids scuvrids casualmain e che na stattan betg en in connex cun il malfatg che sto vegnir sclerì, che renvieschan dentant ad in auter malfatg, vegnan mess en salv. Ils objects vegnan transferids a la direcziun da la procedura ensemen cun in rapport; quella decida davart l’ulteriur proceder.2. secziun Perquisiziun da chasasArt. 244 Princip Chasas, abitaziuns ed autras localitads che n’èn betg generalmain accessiblas dastgan vegnir perquiridas mo cun il consentiment da la persuna autorisada. Il consentiment da la persuna autorisada n’è betg necessaria, sch’i sto vegnir supponì che:a. persunas tschertgadas sajan preschentas;b. fastizs dal malfatg ubain objects e valurs da facultad che ston vegnir sequestrads sajan avant maun;c. i vegnian commess malfatgs.Art. 245 Realisaziun Las persunas ch’èn incumbensadas da far la perquisiziun mussan al cumenzament da la mesira il cumond da perquirir la chasa. Ils possessurs preschents da las localitads che ston vegnir perquiridas ston assister a la perquisiziun da la chasa. Sch’els èn absents, sto sche pussaivel vegnir clamà in commember maioren da la famiglia u in’autra persuna adattada.3. secziun Perquisiziun da registraziunsArt. 246 PrincipDocuments, registraziuns sonoras, registraziuns visualas ed autras registraziuns, purtaders da datas sco er indrizs per elavurar e per arcunar infurmaziuns dastgan vegnir perquirids, sch’i sto vegnir supponì ch’els cuntegnian infurmaziuns ch’èn suttamessas a la sequestraziun.Art. 247 Realisaziun Il possessur po ordavant prender posiziun davart il cuntegn da las registraziuns. Per controllar il cuntegn da las registraziuns, en spezial per zavrar registraziuns che han in cuntegn protegì, pon vegnir engaschads spezialists. Il possessur po metter a disposiziun a l’autoritad penala copias da registraziuns e stampats d’infurmaziuns arcunadas, sche quai basta per la tractativa.Art. 248 Sigillaziun Sch’il possessur fa valair che tschertas registraziuns u tscherts objects na dastgian betg vegnir sequestrads sin basa da l’artitgel 264, als sigillescha l’autoritad penala. Il possessur sto far la dumonda entaifer 3 dis suenter che las registraziuns ed ils objects èn vegnids mess en segirezza. Durant quest termin e suenter in’eventuala sigillaziun na dastga l’autoritad penala ni examinar ni utilisar las registraziuns ed ils objects. Uschespert che l’autoritad penala constatescha ch’il possessur n’è betg la persuna che ha il dretg da las registraziuns u dals objects, dat l’autoritad penala la pussaivladad a questa persuna da pretender la sigillaziun entaifer 3 dis. Sche l’autoritad penala na fa betg ina dumonda da dissigillar questas registraziuns e quests objects entaifer 20 dis, vegnan las registraziuns ed ils objects sigillads returnads al possessur. Versiun tenor la cifra I da la LF dals 17 da zer. 2022, en vigur dapi il 1. da schan. 2024 (AS 2023 468; BBl 2019 6697).Art. 248a Cumpetenza da dissigillaziun e procedura Sche l’autoritad penala fa ina dumonda da dissigillaziun, èn las suandantas autoritads cumpetentas per la decisiun:a. en la procedura preliminara ed en la procedura davant la dretgira d’emprima instanza: la dretgira da mesiras repressivas;b. en ils auters cas: la direcziun da la procedura da la dretgira, davant la quala il cas è pendent. Sche la dretgira constatescha, suenter l’entrada da la dumonda da dissigillaziun, ch’il possessur n’è betg la persuna che ha il dretg da las registraziuns u dals objects, infurmescha ella questa persuna davart la sigillaziun. Sin dumonda dat la dretgira a la persuna autorisada il dretg da prender invista da las actas. La dretgira dat a la persuna autorisada in termin betg prolungabel da 10 dis per far valair objecziuns cunter la dumonda da dissigillaziun e per s’exprimer, en tge dimensiun ch’ella vul mantegnair la sigillaziun. Sche la persuna autorisada tascha, vala quai sco retratga da la dumonda da sigillaziun. Sche la chaussa è madira per la sentenzia, decida la dretgira definitivamain en ina procedura en scrit entaifer 10 dis suenter l’entrada da la posiziun. Cas cuntrari fixescha ella, entaifer 30 dis suenter l’entrada da la posiziun, ina tractativa betg publica cun la procura publica e cun la persuna autorisada. La persuna autorisada sto render vardaivels ils motivs, pertge ed en tge dimensiun che las registraziuns u ils objects na dastgan betg vegnir dissigillads. La dretgira decida immediatamain; la decisiun è definitiva. La dretgira po:a. consultar in expert per laschar examinar il cuntegn da las registraziuns e dals objects, per survegnir access a tals e per garantir lur integritad;b. designar appartegnents da la polizia sco experts per survegnir access al cuntegn da las registraziuns e dals objects e per garantir lur integritad. Sche la persuna autorisada na cumpara nunperstgisadamain betg a la tractativa e sch’ella na sa lascha er betg represchentar, vala sia dumonda da sigillaziun sco retratga. Sche la procura publica na cumpara betg, decida la dretgira en absenza da tala. Integrà tras la cifra I da la LF dals 17 da zer. 2022, en vigur dapi il 1. da schan. 2024 (AS 2023 468; BBl 2019 6697).4. secziun Perquisiziun da persunas e d’objectsArt. 249 PrincipPersunas ed objects dastgan vegnir perquirids senza consentiment mo, sch’i sto vegnir supponì che fastizs dal malfatg u objects e valurs da facultad che ston vegnir sequestrads possian vegnir chattads.Art. 250 Realisaziun La perquisiziun da persunas cumpiglia la controlla da la vestgadira, dals objects, dals recipients e dals vehichels che las persunas han cun sai, da la surfatscha dal corp sco er da las averturas dal corp e da las chavorgias dal corp visiblas. Perquisiziuns che pertutgan las parts intimas da las persunas pertutgadas vegnan fatgas da persunas da la medema schlattaina u d’in medi, nun che la mesira na supportia nagin retard.5. secziun Inspecziuns da persunasArt. 251 Princip L’inspecziun d’ina persuna cumpiglia l’inspecziun da ses stadi corporal u spiertal. La persuna inculpada po vegnir inspectada per:a. constatar ils fatgs;b. sclerir, sch’ella è abla da surpigliar la responsabladad per il malfatg, da suandar las tractativas e d’expiar l’arrest. Intervenziuns en l’integritad corporala da la persuna inculpada pon vegnir ordinadas, sch’ellas na chaschunan betg dolurs spezialas e na pericliteschan betg la sanadad. Envers ina persuna betg inculpada èn inspecziuns ed intervenziuns en l’integritad corporala cunter sia voluntad ultra da quai mo admessas, sch’ellas èn indispensablas per sclerir in malfatg tenor ils artitgels 111–113, 122, 124, 140, 184, 185, 187, 189, 190 u 191 CP. SR 311.0 Versiun tenor la cifra III da la LF dals 30 da sett. 2011, en vigur dapi il 1. da fan. 2012 (AS 2012 2575; BBl 2010 5651 5677).Art. 251a Analisa da l’alcohol en il flad, dal sang e da l’urinPer constatar l’inabilitad da manischar po la polizia:a. analisar l’alcohol en il flad;b. ordinar la prelevaziun e l’analisa dal sang, en ils cas ch’il dretg federal prescriva in’analisa dal sang;c. ordinar la prelevaziun e l’analisa da l’urin. Integrà tras la cifra I da la LF dals 17 da zer. 2022, en vigur dapi il 1. da schan. 2024 (AS 2023 468; BBl 2019 6697).Art. 252 Realisaziun vi dal corpInspecziuns da persunas ed intervenziuns en l’integritad corporala vegnan fatgas d’in medi u d’ina autra persuna medicinala spezialisada.6. secziun Inspecziun da barasArt. 253 Mortoris extraordinaris Sch’i dat en cas d’in mortori indizis per ina mort betg natirala, en spezial per in malfatg, u sche l’identitad da la bara n’è betg enconuschenta, ordinescha la procura publica ina inspecziun da la bara tras in medi expert per sclerir la moda e maniera da la mort u per identifitgar la bara. Sch’i na resultan tras l’inspecziun da la bara nagins indizis per in malfatg e sche l’identitad da la persuna morta è clera, deliberescha la procura publica la bara per la sepultura. Cas cuntrari ordinescha la procura publica da metter en segirezza la bara e da far ulteriuras inspecziuns tras ina instituziun da la medischina legala, sche necessari in’autopsia. Ella po retegnair la bara u parts da la bara, uschenavant che l’intent da l’inspecziun pretenda quai. Ils chantuns fixeschan tge persunas medicinalas ch’èn obligadas d’annunziar mortoris extraordinaris a las autoritads penalas.Art. 254 ExhumaziunSch’i para dad esser necessari per sclerir in malfatg, po vegnir ordinà ch’ina bara sepulida vegnia exhumada u ch’ina urna da tschendra vegnia averta.5. chapitel Analisas dal DNA1. secziun Profil dal DNA Integrà tras la cifra 2 da l’agiunta 1 da la LF dals 17 da dec. 2021, en vigur dapi il 1. d’avust 2023 (AS 2023 309; BBl 2021 44).Art. 255 Premissas en general Per sclerir il crim u il delict ch’è l’object da la procedura, po vegnir prendida in’emprova e fatg in profil dal DNA:a. da la persuna inculpada;b. d’autras persunas, en spezial da victimas u da persunas che dastgan entrar en il lieu dal malfatg, uschenavant che quai è necessari per distinguer il material biologic che deriva dad ellas da tal da la persuna inculpada;c. da persunas mortas;d. da material biologic ch’è relevant per il malfatg. Da la persuna inculpada po er vegnir prendida in’emprova e fatg in profil dal DNA, sch’ins sto supponer sin basa d’indizis concrets, ch’ella pudess avair commess ulteriurs crims u delicts. La polizia po ordinar che:a. emprovas vegnian prendidas da persunas en moda betg invasiva;b. in profil dal DNA vegnia fatg or da material biologic ch’è relevant per il malfatg. Sch’il material biologic ch’è relevant per il malfatg permetta da crear mo il profil dal DNA dal cromosom Y, po la procura publica ordinar, per sclerir il crim, che quest profil vegnia cumpareglià en il sistem d’infurmaziun tenor l’artitgel 10 da la Lescha dals 20 da zercladur 2003 davart ils profils dal DNA. Versiun tenor la cifra I da la LF dals 17 da zer. 2022, en vigur dapi il 1. da schan. 2024 (AS 2023 468; BBl 2019 6697). Integrà tras la cifra I da la LF dals 17 da zer. 2022, en vigur dapi il 1. da schan. 2024 (AS 2023 468; BBl 2019 6697). SR 363 Integrà tras la cifra 2 da l’agiunta 1 da la LF dals 17 da dec. 2021, en vigur dapi il 1. d’avust 2023 (AS 2023 309; BBl 2021 44).Art. 256 Examinaziuns extendidas Sin dumonda da la procura publica po la dretgira da mesiras repressivas ordinar, per sclerir in crim, ch’i vegnian prendidas emprovas e ch’i vegnian creads profils dal DNA da persunas cun tschertas caracteristicas ch’èn vegnidas constatadas areguard la commessa dal malfatg. Il circul da las persunas che duain vegnir examinadas, po vegnir reducì anc pli fitg tras ina fenotipisaziun tenor l’artitgel 258b. Sche la cumparegliaziun dal profil tenor l’alinea 1 na mussa nagina concordanza, po la dretgira da mesiras repressivas ordinar sin proposta da la procura publica, ch’i vegnia examinà, sco basa per las ulteriuras investigaziuns, sch’igl è avant maun ina relaziun da parentella cun il donatur dals fastizs. Versiun tenor la cifra 2 da l’agiunta 1 da la LF dals 17 da dec. 2021, en vigur dapi il 1. d’avust 2023 (AS 2023 309; BBl 2021 44).Art. 257 Tar persunas sentenziadasEn sia sentenzia po la dretgira ordinar ch’i vegnia prendida in’emprova e fatg in profil dal DNA d’ina persuna ch’è sentenziada pervia d’in crim u d’in delict, sch’ins sto supponer sin basa d’indizis concrets, ch’ella pudess commetter ulteriurs crims u delicts. Versiun tenor la cifra I da la LF dals 17 da zer. 2022, en vigur dapi il 1. da schan. 2024 (AS 2023 468; BBl 2019 6697).Art. 258 Realisaziun da las emprovasEmprovas invasivas vegnan prendidas d’in medi u d’ina autra persuna medicinala spezialisada.Art. 258a Tschertga da relaziuns da parentellaPer sclerir in crim tenor ils artitgels 111–113, 118 alinea 2, 122, 124, 140, 156 cifras 2–4, 182, 184, 185, 187, 189 alineas 1 e 3, 190 alineas 1 e 3, 191, 260 u 264–264l CP po vegnir ordinada ina tschertga da relaziuns da parentella tenor l’artitgel 2a da la Lescha dals 20 da zercladur 2003 davart ils profils dal DNA, sche las mesiras d’examinaziun gia prendidas n’han gì nagin success u sche las investigaziuns fissan uschiglio invanas u vegnissan engrevgiadas sproporziunadamain. Integrà tras la cifra 2 da l’agiunta 1 da la LF dals 17 da dec. 2021, en vigur dapi il 1. d’avust 2023 (AS 2023 309; BBl 2021 44). SR 311.0 SR 3632. secziun Fenotipisaziun Integrà tras la cifra 2 da l’agiunta 1 da la LF dals 17 da dec. 2021, en vigur dapi il 1. d’avust 2023 (AS 2023 309; BBl 2021 44).Art. 258b FenotipisaziunLa fenotipisaziun tenor l’artitgel 2b da la Lescha dals 20 da zercladur 2003 davart ils profils dal DNA po vegnir ordinada per sclerir ils crims ch’èn enumerads en ils artitgels 111–113, 118 alinea 2, 122, 124, 140, 156 cifras 2–4, 182, 184, 185, 187, 189 alineas 1 e 3, 190 alineas 1 e 3, 191, 260 u 264–264l CP. Integrà tras la cifra 2 da l’agiunta 1 da la LF dals 17 da dec. 2021, en vigur dapi il 1. d’avust 2023 (AS 2023 309; BBl 2021 44). SR 363 SR 311.0Art. 259 Applitgabladad da la Lescha davart ils profils dal DNADal rest vegn applitgada la Lescha dals 20 da zercladur 2003 davart ils profils dal DNA. SR 3636. chapitel Registraziun da segns distinctivs, emprovas da la scrittira e registraziuns da la vuschArt. 260 Registraziun dal servetsch d’identificaziun Tar la registraziun dal servetsch d’identificaziun vegnan constatads segns caracteristics dal corp d’ina persuna e prendidas improntas da parts dal corp. La polizia, la procura publica e las dretgiras, en cas urgents la direcziun da la procedura, pon ordinar las registraziuns dal servetsch d’identificaziun. La registraziun dal servetsch d’identificaziun vegn ordinada cun in cumond en scrit che cuntegna ina curta motivaziun. En cas urgents po ella vegnir ordinada a bucca; ella sto dentant vegnir confermada e motivada posteriuramain en scrit. Sche la persuna pertutgada refusescha da sa suttametter a las ordinaziuns da la polizia, decida la procura publica.Art. 261 Conservar e duvrar documents dal servetsch d’identificaziun Documents dal servetsch d’identificaziun davart la persuna inculpada dastgan vegnir conservads ordaifer il dossier d’actas e dastgan vegnir duvrads, sch’igl exista in suspect suffizient che la persuna commettia in nov delict:a. fin a la scadenza dals termins per stizzar ils profils dal DNA tenor ils artitgels 16–18 da la Lescha dals 20 da zercladur 2003 davart ils profils dal DNA; ub. en cas d’ina condemnaziun pervia d’in surpassament: durant 5 onns a partir da la data da la sentenzia, sche quella ha survegnì forza legala. Documents dal servetsch d’identificaziun davart persunas betg inculpadas ston vegnir destruids, uschespert che la procedura cunter la persuna inculpada è terminada u sistida ubain uschespert ch’igl è vegnì decidì da betg avrir la procedura. Sche l’interess da conservar u da duvrar ils documents dal servetsch d’identificaziun n’è evidentamain betg pli avant maun avant la scadenza dals termins tenor l’alinea 1, ston els vegnir destruids. Versiun tenor la cifra 5 da l’agiunta 1 da la LF dals 17 da zer. 2016 davart il register penal, en vigur dapi ils 23 da schan. 2023 (AS 2022 600; BBl 2014 5713). SR 363 Versiun tenor la cifra 2 da l’agiunta 1 da la LF dals 17 da dec. 2021, en vigur dapi il 1. d’avust 2023 (AS 2023 309; BBl 2021 44).Art. 262 Emprovas da la scrittira e da la vusch Persunas inculpadas, perditgas sco er infurmaturs pon vegnir obligads da dar in’emprova da lur scrittira u da lur vusch per far cumparegliaziuns da scrittira u da vusch. Persunas che refuseschan da dar talas emprovas pon vegnir chastiadas cun ina multa disciplinara. Exceptadas da quai èn la persuna inculpada ed, en la dimensiun da lur dretg da refusar la cooperaziun, persunas che han il dretg da refusar da far deposiziuns u da dar perditga.7. chapitel SequestraziunArt. 263 Princip Objects e valurs da facultad d’ina persuna inculpada u d’ina terza persuna pon vegnir sequestrads, sch’igl è probabel ch’ils objects e las valurs da facultad:a. vegnian duvrads sco meds da cumprova;b. vegnian duvrads per segirar custs da procedura, chastis pecuniars, multas ed indemnisaziuns;c. stoppian vegnir restituids a las persunas donnegiadas;d. stoppian vegnir confiscads;e. vegnian duvrads per cuvrir pretensiuns d’indemnisaziun dal stadi tenor l’artitgel 71 CP. La sequestraziun sto vegnir ordinada cun in cumond en scrit che cuntegna ina curta motivaziun. En cas urgents po ella vegnir ordinada a bucca; ella sto dentant vegnir confermada posteriuramain en scrit. Sch’i resulta in privel dal retard, pon la polizia u persunas privatas metter provisoricamain en segirezza objects u valurs da facultad per mauns da la procura publica u da las dretgiras. Integrà tras la cifra I da la LF dals 17 da zer. 2022, en vigur dapi il 1. da schan. 2024 (AS 2023 468; BBl 2019 6697). SR 311.0Art. 264 Restricziuns Betg vegnir sequestrads na dastgan, independentamain dal lieu, nua ch’els sa chattan, ed independentamain dal mument ch’els èn vegnids stgaffids:a. documents dal contact da la persuna inculpada cun sia defensiun;b. registraziuns persunalas e la correspundenza privata da la persuna inculpada, sche l’interess da proteger sia persunalitad predominescha l’interess da la persecuziun penala;c. objects e documents dal contact da la persuna inculpada cun persunas che pon refusar da dar perditga tenor ils artitgels 170–173 e che n’èn betg inculpadas sezzas en connex cun la medema chaussa;d. objects e documents dal contact d’ina autra persuna cun ses advocat, uschenavant che l’advocat è autorisà da represchentar partidas davant dretgiras svizras tenor la Lescha dals 23 da zercladur 2000 davart las advocatas ed ils advocats ed uschenavant ch’el n’è betg inculpà sez en connex cun la medema chaussa. Las restricziuns tenor l’alinea 1 na valan betg per objects e per valurs da facultad che ston vegnir sequestrads per als restituir a la persuna donnegiada u per als confiscar. Sch’il possessur fa valair ch’ina sequestraziun d’objects u da valurs da facultad na saja betg admessa, procedan las autoritads penalas tenor las prescripziuns davart la sigillaziun. Versiun tenor la cifra I 6 da la LF dals 28 da sett. 2012 davart l’adattaziun da disposiziuns da procedura concernent il secret professiunal dals advocats, en vigur dapi il 1. da matg 2013 (AS 2013 847; BBl 2011 8181). Integrà tras la cifra I 6 da la LF dals 28 da sett. 2012 davart l’adattaziun da disposiziuns da procedura concernent il secret professiunal dals advocats, en vigur dapi il 1. da matg 2013 (AS 2013 847; BBl 2011 8181). SR 935.61 Versiun tenor la cifra I da la LF dals 17 da zer. 2022, en vigur dapi il 1. da schan. 2024 (AS 2023 468; BBl 2019 6697).Art. 265 Obligaziun da consegna Il possessur è obligà da consegnar objects e valurs da facultad che duain vegnir sequestrads. Nagina obligaziun da consegna n’han:a. la persuna inculpada;b. persunas che han il dretg da refusar da far deposiziuns u da dar perditga, en la dimensiun da quest dretg;c. interpresas, sch’ellas engrevgiassan sasezzas tras la consegna uschè ferm ch’ellas:1. pudessan vegnir fatgas responsablas tenor il dretg penal, u2. pudessan vegnir fatgas responsablas tenor il dretg civil, e sche l’interess da protecziun predominescha l’interess da la persecuziun penala. L’autoritad penala po intimar la persuna ch’è obligada a la consegna da consegnar ils objects u las valurs da facultad, la po fixar in termin e la po render attenta, en cas ch’ella n’observa betg quest termin, a la smanatscha da chasti da l’artitgel 292 CP u a la pussaivladad d’ina multa disciplinara. Mesiras repressivas èn mo admessas, sche la consegna è vegnida refusada u sch’ins sto far quint che l’intimaziun da consegnar ils objects u las valurs da facultad ruinass l’intent da la mesira. SR 311.0Art. 266 Realisaziun L’autoritad penala ordinanta conferma en il cumond da sequestraziun u en ina quittanza separada la retschavida dals objects e da las valurs da facultad sequestrads u consegnads. Ella fa ina glista e conserva ils objects e las valurs da facultad en moda adequata. Sch’i vegnan sequestrads bains immobigliars, vegn ordinada ina bloccada dal register funsil; quella vegn menziunada en il register funsil. La sequestraziun d’ina pretensiun vegn communitgada al debitur cun l’infurmaziun ch’in pajament al creditur n’annulleschia betg l’obligaziun. Objects, dals quals la valur sa reducescha svelt u che pretendan in mantegniment fitg char, sco er vaglias ed autras valurs che han in pretsch da bursa u in pretsch da martgà pon vegnir duvrads immediatamain tenor las disposiziuns da la Lescha federala dals 11 d’avrigl 1889 davart la scussiun ed il concurs (LSC). Il retgav vegn sequestrà. Il Cussegl federal regla, co che valurs da facultad sequestradas vegnan investidas. Versiun tenor la cifra I da la LF dals 17 da zer. 2022, en vigur dapi il 1. da schan. 2024 (AS 2023 468; BBl 2019 6697).  SR 281.1Art. 267 Decisiun davart ils objects e davart las valurs da facultad sequestradas Sch’il motiv per la sequestraziun è crudà davent, annullescha la procura publica u la dretgira la sequestraziun e restituescha ils objects u las valurs da facultad a la persuna autorisada. Sch’igl è incontestà ch’ina tscherta persuna è vegnida privada directamain tras il malfatg d’in object u d’ina valur da facultad, restituescha l’autoritad penala quest object u questa valur da facultad a la persuna autorisada, e quai avant che la procedura è terminada. Sche la sequestraziun d’in object u d’ina valur da facultad n’è betg vegnida abolida ordavant, stoi vegnir decidì en la decisiun finala davart sia restituziun a la persuna autorisada, davart sia utilisaziun per cuvrir ils custs u davart sia confiscaziun. Sche pliras persunas fan valair in dretg vi d’objects u vi da valurs da facultad, dals quals la sequestraziun sto vegnir abolida, po la dretgira decider en chaussa. L’autoritad penala po assegnar ils objects u las valurs da facultad ad ina persuna e fixar in termin per ils ulteriurs pretendents per purtar plants civils. Sche las persunas che han in dretg sin objects u sin valurs da facultad n’èn betg enconuschentas il mument che la sequestraziun da quests objects u da questas valurs da facultad vegn abolida, publitgescha la procura publica u la dretgira uffizialmain ils objects u las valurs da facultad per ch’ils dretgs possian vegnir annunziads. Sche nagin na fa valair in dretg entaifer 5 onns dapi la publicaziun, crodan ils objects e las valurs da facultad al chantun u a la Confederaziun.Art. 268 Sequestraziun per cuvrir ils custs Da la facultad da la persuna inculpada poi vegnir sequestrà uschè bler sco ch’igl è probablamain necessari per cuvrir:a. ils custs da procedura e las indemnisaziuns;b. ils chastis pecuniars e las multas. En cas d’ina sequestraziun prenda l’autoritad penala resguard da las relaziuns d’entrada e da facultad da la persuna inculpada e da sia famiglia. Exceptadas da la sequestraziun èn las valurs da facultad che n’èn betg impegnablas tenor ils artitgels 92–94 LSC. SR 281.18. chapitel Mesiras da surveglianza secretas1. secziun Surveglianza dal traffic da posta e da telecommunicaziunArt. 269 Premissas La procura publica po laschar survegliar il traffic da posta e da telecommunicaziun, sche:a. igl exista in suspect serius ch’i saja vegnì commess in dals malfatgs ch’èn menziunads en l’alinea 2;b. la grevezza dal malfatg giustifitgescha la surveglianza; ec. ils acts d’inquisiziun d’enfin ussa n’han gì nagin success u las investigaziuns fissan uschiglio invanas u vegnissan engrevgiadas sproporziunadamain. Ina surveglianza dastga vegnir ordinada per persequitar ils malfatgs ch’èn enumerads en ils suandants artitgels:a. CP: artitgels 111–113, 115, 118 alinea 2, 122, 124, 127, 129, 135, 138–140, 143, 144 alinea 3, 144 cifra 1 alinea 2 e cifra 2 alinea 2, 146–148, 156, 157 cifra 2, 158 cifra 1 alinea 3 e cifra 2, 160, 163 cifra 1, 180–185, 187, 188, 189–191, 193, 193a, 195–197, 220, 221 alineas 1 e 2, 223 cifra 1, 224 alinea 1, 226–226, 227 cifra 1 alinea 1, 228 cifra 1 alinea 1, 230, 231, 232 cifra 1, 233 cifra 1, 234 alinea 1, 237 cifra 1, 240 alinea 1, 242, 244, 251 cifra 1, 258, 259 alinea 1, 260–260, 261, 264–267, 271, 272 cifra 2, 273, 274 cifra 1 alinea 2, 285, 301, 303 cifra 1, 305, 305 cifra 2, 310, 312, 314, 317 cifra 1, 319, 322, 322 e 322;b. Lescha federala dals 16 da december 2005 davart las persunas estras e l’integraziun: artitgels 116 alinea 3 e 118 alinea 3;c. Lescha federala dals 22 da zercladur 2001 tar la Convenziun da Den Haag davart las adopziuns e davart las mesiras per proteger l’uffant en adopziuns internaziunalas: artitgel 24;d. Lescha federala dals 13 da december 1996 davart il material da guerra: artitgels 33 alinea 2 e 34–35b;e. Lescha federala dals 21 da mars 2003 davart l’energia nucleara: artitgels 88 alineas 1 e 2, 89 alineas 1 e 2 e 90 alinea 1;f. LN: artitgels 19 alinea 2 e 20 alinea 2;g. Lescha federala dals 7 d’october 1983 davart la protecziun da l’ambient: artitgel 60 alinea 1 literas g–i sco er m ed o;h. Lescha dals 13 da december 1996 davart la controlla da bains: artitgel 14 alinea 2;i. Lescha dals 17 da zercladur 2011 per promover il sport: artitgels 22 alinea 2 e 25a alinea 3;j. Lescha da las infrastructuras da finanzas dals 19 da zercladur 2015: artitgels 154 e 155;k. Lescha d’armas dals 20 da zercladur 1997: artitgel 33 alinea 3;l. Lescha dals 15 da december 2000 davart ils products terapeutics: artitgel 86 alineas 2 e 3;m. Lescha da gieus per daners dals 29 da settember 2017: artitgel 130 alinea 2 per ils malfatgs tenor l’artitgel 130 alinea 1 litera a;n. Lescha federala dals 25 da settember 2015 davart il servetsch d’infurmaziun: artitgel 74 alinea 4. Sch’il giudicament d’in malfatg ch’è suttamess a la giurisdicziun militara vegn surdà a la giurisdicziun civila, po la surveglianza dal traffic da posta e da telecommunicaziun er vegnir ordinada per persequitar ils malfatgs che vegnan enumerads en l’artitgel 70 alinea 2 da la Procedura penala militara dals 23 da mars 1979. Versiun tenor la cifra 2 da l’agiunta da la LF dals 16 da zer. 2023 davart la revisiun dal dretg penal sexual, en vigur dapi il 1. da fan. 2024 (AS 2024 27; BBl 2018 2827; 2022 687, 1011). SR 311.0 Versiun tenor la cifra II 7 da l’agiunta da la LF dals 19 da mars 2010 davart l’organisaziun da las autoritads penalas, en vigur dapi il 1. da schan. 2011 (AS 2010 3267; BBl 2008 8125). SR 142.20 Il titel è vegnì adattà per il 1. da schan. 2019 applitgond l’art. 12 al. 2 da la LF dals 18 da zer. 2004 davart las publicaziuns uffizialas (SR 170.512). Questa adattaziun è vegnida fatga en tut il text. SR 211.221.31 Versiun tenor la cifra II da la LF dals 16 da mars 2012, en vigur dapi il 1. da favr. 2013 (AS 2013 295; BBl 2011 5905). SR 514.51 SR 732.1 Versiun tenor la cifra I da la LF dals 17 da zer. 2022, en vigur dapi il 1. da schan. 2024 (AS 2023 468; BBl 2019 6697). SR 812.121 SR 814.01 SR 946.202 Integrà tras l’art. 34 cifra 2 da la LF dals 17 da zer. 2011 per promover il sport (AS 2012 3953; BBl 2009 8189). Versiun tenor la cifra II 2 da l’agiunta da la LF dals 29 da sett. 2017 davart gieus per daners, en vigur dapi il 1. da schan. 2019 (AS 2018 5103; BBl 2015 8387). SR 415.0 Integrà tras la cifra II 4 da la LF dals 28 da sett. 2012 (AS 2013 1103; BBl 2011 6873). Versiun tenor la cifra 4 da l’agiunta da la LF dals 19 da zer. 2015 da las infrastructuras da finanzas, en vigur dapi il 1. da schan. 2016 (AS 2015 5339; BBl 2014 7483). SR 958.1 Integrà tras la cifra II 1 da l’agiunta da la LF dals 18 da mars 2016 davart la surveglianza da la posta e da la telecommunicaziun, en vigur dapi il 1. da mars 2018 (AS 2018 117; BBl 2013 2683). SR 514.54 Integrà tras la cifra 1 da l’agiunta dal COF dals 29 da sett. 2017 (Convenziun Medicrime), en vigur dapi il 1. da schan. 2019 (AS 2018 4771; BBl 2017 3135). SR 812.21 Integrà tras la cifra II 2 da l’agiunta da la LF dals 29 da sett. 2017 davart gieus per daners, en vigur dapi il 1. da schan. 2019 (AS 2018 5103; BBl 2015 8387). SR 935.51 Integrà tras la cifra II 3 da l’agiunta dal COF dals 25 da sett. 2020 davart l’approvaziun e la realisaziun da la Convenziun dal Cussegl da l’Europa per la prevenziun dal terrorissem e da ses protocol supplementar sco er davart il rinforzament da l’instrumentari penal cunter il terrorissem e la criminalitad organisada, en vigur dapi il 1. da fan. 2021 (AS 2021 360; BBl 2018 6427). SR 121 SR 322.1Art. 269 Applicaziun d’apparats tecnics spezials per survegliar il traffic da telecommunicaziun La procura publica po ordinar l’applicaziun d’apparats tecnics spezials per survegliar il traffic da telecommunicaziun, per tadlar u per registrar discurs ubain per identifitgar u per localisar ina persuna u ina chaussa, sche:a. las premissas da l’artitgel 269 èn ademplidas;b. las mesiras vertentas per survegliar il traffic da telecommunicaziun tenor l’artitgel 269 èn restadas senza success, u la surveglianza fiss invana u vegniss engrevgiada sproporziunadamain cun questas mesiras;c. las permissiuns necessarias tenor il dretg da telecommunicaziun per applitgar quests apparats èn avant maun il mument da l’applicaziun.  La procura publica maina ina statistica davart questas surveglianzas. Il Cussegl federal regla ils detagls. Integrà tras la cifra II 1 da l’agiunta da la LF dals 18 da mars 2016 davart la surveglianza da la posta e da la telecommunicaziun, en vigur dapi il 1. da mars 2018 (AS 2018 117; BBl 2013 2683).Art. 269 Applicaziun da programs d’informatica spezials per survegliar il traffic da telecommunicaziun La procura publica po ordinar l’introducziun da programs d’informatica spezials en in sistem d’elavuraziun da datas per tschiffar e per transferir il cuntegn da la communicaziun e las metadatas dal traffic da communicaziun en furma nuncodada, sche:a. las cundiziuns da l’artitgel 269 alineas 1 e 3 èn ademplidas;b. i sa tracta da la persecuziun d’in malfatg numnà en l’artitgel 286 alinea 2;c. las mesiras vertentas per survegliar il traffic da telecommunicaziun tenor l’artitgel 269 èn restadas senza success, u la surveglianza fiss invana u vegniss engrevgiada sproporziunadamain cun questas mesiras. En l’ordinaziun da la surveglianza designescha la procura publica:a. ils tips da datas giavischadas; eb. las localitads betg publicas, en las qualas igl è eventualmain necessari d’entrar per introducir programs d’informatica spezials en il sistem d’elavuraziun da datas respectiv. Sch’i vegnan rimnadas – tras l’applicaziun da tals programs d’informatica – datas betg menziunadas en l’alinea 1, ston questas datas vegnir destruidas immediatamain. Enconuschientschas obtegnidas tras talas datas na dastgan betg vegnir utilisadas. La procura publica maina ina statistica davart questas surveglianzas. Il Cussegl federal regla ils detagls. Integrà tras la cifra II 1 da l’agiunta da la LF dals 18 da mars 2016 davart la surveglianza da la posta e da la telecommunicaziun, en vigur dapi il 1. da mars 2018 (AS 2018 117; BBl 2013 2683).Art. 269 Pretensiuns envers ils programs d’informatica spezials per survegliar il traffic da telecommunicaziun I dastgan vegnir applitgads mo programs d’informatica spezials che protocolleschan la surveglianza en moda cumpletta e nunmidabla. Il protocol tutga tar las actas da procedura. Las datas dal sistem d’elavuraziun da datas surveglià vegnan transferidas en moda protegida fin tar l’autoritad da persecuziun penala responsabla. L’autoritad da persecuziun penala procura ch’il code da funtauna possia vegnir examinà per pudair verifitgar ch’il program disponia mo da las funcziuns admessas tras lescha. Integrà tras la cifra II 1 da l’agiunta da la LF dals 18 da mars 2016 davart la surveglianza da la posta e da la telecommunicaziun, en vigur dapi il 1. da mars 2018 (AS 2018 117; BBl 2013 2683).Art. 270 Object da la surveglianzaI dastgan vegnir survegliads il traffic da posta e da telecommunicaziun da las suandantas persunas:a. da la persuna inculpada;b. da terzas persunas, sch’i sto vegnir supponì sin basa da tscherts fatgs che:1. la persuna inculpada sa servia da l’adressa postala u dal servetsch da telecommunicaziun da la terza persuna, u2. la terza persuna prendia en consegna tschertas communicaziuns per la persuna inculpada u transmettia ad in’ulteriura persuna communicaziuns che derivan da tala. Versiun tenor la cifra II 1 da l’agiunta da la LF dals 18 da mars 2016 davart la surveglianza da la posta e da la telecommunicaziun, en vigur dapi il 1. da mars 2018 (AS 2018 117; BBl 2013 2683). Versiun tenor la cifra II 1 da l’agiunta da la LF dals 18 da mars 2016 davart la surveglianza da la posta e da la telecommunicaziun, en vigur dapi il 1. da mars 2018 (AS 2018 117; BBl 2013 2683).Art. 271 Protecziun da secrets professiunals Sch’ina persuna che appartegna ad ina gruppa professiunala che vegn menziunada en ils artitgels 170–173 vegn survegliada, ston infurmaziuns che na stattan betg en connex cun l’object da las investigaziuns e cun il motiv, per il qual questa persuna vegn survegliada, vegnir zavradas sut la direcziun d’ina dretgira. En quest connex na dastga l’autoritad da persecuziun penala betg survegnir enconuschientscha da secrets professiunals. Las datas zavradas ston vegnir destruidas immediatamain; ellas na dastgan betg vegnir evaluadas. Infurmaziuns tenor l’alinea 1 na ston betg vegnir zavradas ordavant, sche:a. igl exista in suspect serius ch’il titular dal secret professiunal haja sez commess in malfatg; eb. motivs spezials pretendan quai. Sche autras persunas vegnan survegliadas, ston infurmaziuns davart la communicaziun cun ina persuna menziunada en ils artitgels 170–173 vegnir zavradas tenor l’alinea 1, uschespert ch’igl è cler che quellas communitgeschan cun questa persuna. Infurmaziuns, davart las qualas ina persuna menziunada en ils artitgels 170–173 po refusar da dar perditga, ston vegnir zavradas da las actas da procedura e destruidas immediatamain; ellas na dastgan betg vegnir evaluadas. Versiun tenor la cifra II 1 da l’agiunta da la LF dals 18 da mars 2016 davart la surveglianza da la posta e da la telecommunicaziun, en vigur dapi il 1. da mars 2018 (AS 2018 117; BBl 2013 2683).Art. 272 Obligaziun d’approvaziun e permissiun generala La surveglianza dal traffic da posta e da telecommunicaziun sto vegnir approvada da la dretgira da mesiras repressivas. Sch’i resulta da las investigaziuns che la persuna da survegliar mida en intervals svelts il servetsch da telecommunicaziun, po la dretgira da mesiras repressivas permetter excepziunalmain la surveglianza da tut ils servetschs identifitgads, sur ils quals la persuna da survegliar liquidescha sia telecommunicaziun, senza ch’i stoppia vegnir dada in’approvaziun per mintga singul cas (permissiun generala). La procura publica suttametta a la dretgira da mesiras repressivas in rapport per l’approvaziun, e quai mintga mais e suenter ch’ina surveglianza è terminada. Sche la surveglianza d’in servetsch en il rom d’ina permissiun generala pretenda ch’i vegnian prendidas mesiras per proteger secrets professiunals e sche questas mesiras n’èn betg cuntegnidas en la permissiun generala, sto questa surveglianza particulara vegnir suttamessa a la dretgira da mesiras repressivas per l’approvaziun. Versiun tenor la cifra II 1 da l’agiunta da la LF dals 18 da mars 2016 davart la surveglianza da la posta e da la telecommunicaziun, en vigur dapi il 1. da mars 2018 (AS 2018 117; BBl 2013 2683). Versiun tenor la cifra II 1 da l’agiunta da la LF dals 18 da mars 2016 davart la surveglianza da la posta e da la telecommunicaziun, en vigur dapi il 1. da mars 2018 (AS 2018 117; BBl 2013 2683).Art. 273 Identificaziun dals utilisaders, localisaziun e caracteristicas tecnicas dal traffic Sch’igl exista in suspect urgent ch’in crim, in delict u in surpassament saja vegnì commess e sche las premissas tenor l’artitgel 269 alinea 1 literas b e c èn ademplidas, po la procura publica pretender:a. las metadatas dal traffic da telecommunicaziun tenor l’artitgel 8 litera b da la Lescha federala dals 18 da mars 2016 davart la surveglianza da la correspundenza postala e dal traffic da telecommunicaziun (LSPT) da la persuna inculpada, d’ina terza persuna tenor l’artitgel 270 litera b da questa lescha u d’ina persuna donnegiada;b. las metadatas dal traffic postal tenor l’artitgel 19 alinea 1 litera b LSPT da la persuna inculpada u d’ina terza persuna tenor l’artitgel 270 litera b da questa lescha. L’ordinaziun sto vegnir approvada da la dretgira da mesiras repressivas. Infurmaziuns tenor l’alinea 1 pon vegnir pretendidas independentamain da la durada da la surveglianza e retroactivamain fin a 6 mais. Versiun tenor la cifra II 1 da l’agiunta da la LF dals 18 da mars 2016 davart la surveglianza da la posta e da la telecommunicaziun, en vigur dapi il 1. da mars 2018 (AS 2018 117; BBl 2013 2683). Versiun tenor la cifra 2 da l’agiunta 2 da la LF dals 17 da zer. 2022, en vigur dapi il 1. da schan. 2024 (AS 2023 468, BBl 2019 6697). SR 780.1 Versiun tenor la cifra I da la LF dals 17 da zer. 2022, en vigur dapi il 1. da schan. 2024 (AS 2023 468; BBl 2019 6697).Art. 274 Procedura d’approvaziun La procura publica inoltrescha ils suandants documents a la dretgira da mesiras repressivas entaifer 24 uras dapi che la surveglianza è vegnida ordinada u dapi che infurmaziuns èn vegnidas pretendidas:a. l’ordinaziun;b. la motivaziun e las actas da procedura ch’èn impurtantas per dar l’approvaziun. Cun ina curta motivaziun decida la dretgira da mesiras repressivas entaifer 5 dis dapi che la surveglianza è vegnida ordinada u dapi che infurmaziuns èn vegnidas pretendidas. Ella po conceder l’approvaziun provisoricamain u cun cundiziuns u pretender ina cumplettaziun da las actas u ulteriurs scleriments. La dretgira da mesiras repressivas communitgescha immediatamain sia decisiun a la procura publica sco er al servetsch da surveglianza dal traffic da posta e da telecommunicaziun tenor l’artitgel 3 LSPT. L’approvaziun inditgescha explicitamain:a. tge mesiras che ston vegnir prendidas per proteger secrets professiunals;b. sch’igl è permess d’entrar en localitads betg publicas per introducir programs d’informatica spezials en il sistem d’elavuraziun da datas respectiv cun l’intent da survegliar il traffic da telecommunicaziun. La dretgira da mesiras repressivas conceda l’approvaziun per maximalmain 3 mais. L’approvaziun po vegnir prolungada ina u pliras giadas, mintgamai maximalmain per 3 mais. Sch’ina prolungaziun è necessaria, fa la procura publica ina dumonda da prolungaziun motivada avant che la durada permessa è scadida. SR 780.1 Versiun tenor la cifra II 1 da l’agiunta da la LF dals 18 da mars 2016 davart la surveglianza da la posta e da la telecommunicaziun, en vigur dapi il 1. da mars 2018 (AS 2018 117; BBl 2013 2683). Versiun tenor la cifra II 1 da l’agiunta da la LF dals 18 da mars 2016 davart la surveglianza da la posta e da la telecommunicaziun, en vigur dapi il 1. da mars 2018 (AS 2018 117; BBl 2013 2683).Art. 275 Terminaziun da la surveglianza La procura publica terminescha immediatamain la surveglianza, sche:a. las premissas n’èn betg pli ademplidas; ub. l’approvaziun u la prolungaziun vegn refusada. En cas da l’alinea 1 litera a communitgescha la procura publica a la dretgira da mesiras repressivas che la surveglianza saja terminada.Art. 276 Resultats betg duvrads Las registraziuns che derivan da surveglianzas permessas e che n’èn betg necessarias per la procedura penala vegnan conservadas en moda separada da las actas da procedura e vegnan destruidas immediatamain suenter che la procedura è terminada. Spediziuns postalas dastgan vegnir messas en segirezza uschè ditg sco che quai è necessari per la procedura penala; ellas ston vegnir restituidas als adressats, uschespert ch’il stadi da la procedura permetta quai.Art. 277 Utilisabladad da resultats da surveglianzas betg approvadas Documents e purtaders da datas che derivan da surveglianzas betg approvadas ston vegnir destruids immediatamain. Spediziuns postalas ston vegnir restituidas immediatamain als adressats. Enconuschientschas ch’èn vegnidas gudagnadas tras la surveglianza na dastgan betg vegnir duvradas.Art. 278 Chats casuals Sche la surveglianza maina a la glisch auters malfatgs che quels che vegnan enumerads en l’ordinaziun da surveglianza, dastgan las enconuschientschas vegnir duvradas cunter la persuna inculpada, sch’ina surveglianza avess dastgà vegnir ordinada per persequitar quests malfatgs. Sch’i vegnan scuvrids malfatgs en il rom d’ina surveglianza tenor ils artitgels 35 e 36 LSPT, dastgan questas enconuschientschas vegnir duvradas sut las premissas dals alineas 2 e 3. Enconuschientschas da malfatgs d’ina persuna che na vegn betg suspectada en l’ordinaziun da surveglianza d’avair commess malfatgs pon vegnir duvradas, sche las premissas per survegliar questa persuna èn ademplidas. En cas tenor ils alineas 1, 1 e 2 ordinescha la procura publica immediatamain la surveglianza ed iniziescha la procedura d’approvaziun. Registraziuns che na dastgan betg vegnir duvradas sco chats casuals ston vegnir conservads en moda separada da las actas da procedura e ston vegnir destruidas suenter che la procedura è terminada. Per tschertgar ina persuna dastgan vegnir duvradas tut las enconuschientschas d’ina surveglianza. SR 780.1 Integrà tras la cifra II 7 da l’agiunta da la LF dals 19 da mars 2010 davart l’organisaziun da las autoritads penalas (AS 2010 3267; BBl 2008 8125). Versiun tenor la cifra II 1 da l’agiunta da la LF dals 18 da mars 2016 davart la surveglianza da la posta e da la telecommunicaziun, en vigur dapi il 1. da mars 2018 (AS 2018 117; BBl 2013 2683). Versiun tenor la cifra II 7 da l’agiunta da la LF dals 19 da mars 2010 davart l’organisaziun da las autoritads penalas, en vigur dapi il 1. da schan. 2011 (AS 2010 3267; BBl 2008 8125).Art. 279 Communicaziun Il pli tard a la terminaziun da la procedura preliminara communitgescha la procura publica a la persuna inculpada survegliada ed a terzas persunas ch’èn vegnidas survegliadas tenor l’artitgel 270 litera b il motiv, il gener e la durada da la surveglianza. Cun il consentiment da la dretgira da mesiras repressivas po questa communicaziun vegnir suspendida u tralaschada, sche:a. las enconuschientschas na vegnan betg duvradas per motivs da cumprova; eb. la suspensiun u la tralaschada è necessaria per proteger interess publics u privats predominants. Persunas, da las qualas il traffic da posta u da telecommunicaziun è vegnì surveglià u las qualas han cunduvrà l’adressa postala survegliada u il servetsch da telecommunicaziun surveglià, pon far recurs tenor ils artitgels 393–397. Il termin da recurs cumenza a currer il mument che la communicaziun è vegnida retschavida. Versiun tenor la cifra II 1 da l’agiunta da la LF dals 18 da mars 2016 davart la surveglianza da la posta e da la telecommunicaziun, en vigur dapi il 1. da mars 2018 (AS 2018 117; BBl 2013 2683).2. secziun Surveglianza cun apparats da surveglianza tecnicsArt. 280 Intent da l’applicaziunLa procura publica po far diever d’apparats da surveglianza tecnics per:a. tadlar u registrar il pled che na vegn betg discurrì publicamain;b. observar u registrar andaments a lieus betg publics u a lieus che n’èn betg generalmain accessibels;c. constatar il lieu da persunas u da chaussas.Art. 281 Premissa e realisaziun L’applicaziun dastga vegnir ordinada mo envers la persuna inculpada. Localitads u vehichels da terzas persunas dastgan vegnir survegliads mo, sch’i sto vegnir supponì sin basa da tscherts fatgs che la persuna inculpada sa trategnia en questas localitads u dovria quest vehichel. L’applicaziun na dastga betg vegnir ordinada per:a. registrar – per motivs da cumprova – andaments, vi dals quals è participada ina persuna inculpada ch’expiescha in chasti da detenziun;b. survegliar localitads u vehichels d’ina terza persuna che appartegna ad ina da las gruppas professiunalas che vegnan menziunadas en ils artitgels 170–173. Dal rest sa drizza l’applicaziun d’apparats da surveglianza tecnics tenor ils artitgels 269–279.3. secziun ObservaziunArt. 282 Premissas La procura publica ed, en la procedura d’investigaziun, la polizia pon observar secretamain persunas e chaussas a lieus ch’èn generalmain accessibels e far latiers registraziuns sonoras e visualas, sche:a. i sto vegnir supponì sin basa d’indizis concrets che crims u delicts sajan vegnids commess; eb. las investigaziuns fissan uschiglio invanas u vegnissan engrevgiadas en moda sproporziunada. Sch’ina observaziun ch’è vegnida ordinada da la polizia ha durà 1 mais, sto sia cuntinuaziun vegnir approvada da la procura publica.Art. 283 Communicaziun Il pli tard a la terminaziun da la procedura preliminara communitgescha la procura publica a las persunas ch’èn stadas pertutgadas directamain d’ina observaziun il motiv, il gener e la durada da l’observaziun. Questa communicaziun vegn suspendida u tralaschada, sche:a. las enconuschientschas na vegnan betg duvradas per motivs da cumprova; eb. la suspensiun u la tralaschada è necessaria per proteger interess publics u privats predominants.4. secziun Surveglianza da relaziuns bancarasArt. 284 PrincipPer sclerir crims u delicts po la dretgira da mesiras repressivas ordinar – sin dumonda da la procura publica – la surveglianza da relaziuns tranter ina persuna inculpada ed ina banca ubain in institut sumegliant.Art. 285 Realisaziun Sche la dretgira da mesiras repressivas approvescha questa dumonda, dat ella en scrit directivas a la banca u a l’institut sumegliant:a. tge infurmaziuns e tge documents che ston vegnir furnids;b. tge mesiras per tegnair secret questa surveglianza che ston vegnir prendidas. La banca u l’institut sumegliant na sto furnir naginas infurmaziuns u nagins documents, sch’ella engrevgiass sasezza talmain cun furnir questas infurmaziuns u quests documents:a. ch’ella pudess vegnir fatga responsabla tenor il dretg penal; ub. ch’ella pudess vegnir fatga responsabla tenor il dretg civil, e sche l’interess da protecziun predominescha l’interess da la persecuziun penala. Las persunas che han il dretg da disponer dal conto vegnan infurmadas posteriuramain – a norma da l’artitgel 279 alineas 1 e 2 – davart la surveglianza. Persunas, da las qualas il traffic cun la banca è vegnì surveglià, pon far recurs tenor ils artitgels 393–397. Il termin da recurs cumenza a currer il mument che la communicaziun è vegnida retschavida.5. secziun Investigaziun secreta Oriundamain avant l’art. 286.Art. 285a NoziunIna investigaziun secreta è dada, sche appartegnents da la polizia u persunas ch’èn engaschadas temporarmain per ademplir incumbensas da la polizia nuan contacts cun persunas cun agid d’ina faussa identitad ch’è attestada tras documents (identitad fictiva) e cun agid d’in cumportament engianant, cun la finamira da stabilir ina relaziun da confidenza e d’entrar en in ambient criminal per sclerir malfatgs spezialmain grevs. Integrà tras la cifra I da la LF dals 14 da dec. 2012 davart la retschertga e l’investigaziun secreta, en vigur dapi il 1. da matg 2013 (AS 2013 1051; BBl 2012 5591 5609).Art. 286 Premissas La procura publica po ordinar ina investigaziun secreta, sche:a. igl exista in suspect ch’i saja vegnì commess in dals malfatgs ch’èn menziunads en l’alinea 2;b. la grevezza dal malfatg giustifitgescha l’investigaziun secreta; ec. ils acts d’inquisiziun d’enfin ussa n’han gì nagin success u las investigaziuns fissan uschiglio invanas u vegnissan engrevgiadas sproporziunadamain. L’investigaziun secreta po vegnir applitgada per persequitar ils malfatgs ch’èn enumerads en ils suandants artitgels:a. CP: artitgels 111–113, 122, 124, 129, 135, 138–140, 143 alinea 1, 144 alinea 3, 144 cifra 1 alinea 2 e cifra 2 alinea 2, 146 alineas 1 e 2, 147 alineas 1 e 2, 148, 156, 160, 182–185, 187, 188, 189–191, 193, 193a, 195, 196, 197 alineas 3–5, 221 alineas 1 e 2, 223 cifra 1, 224 alinea 1, 226, 226, 227 cifra 1 alinea 1, 228 cifra 1 alinea 1, 230, 231, 232 cifra 1, 233 cifra 1, 234 alinea 1, 237 cifra 1, 240 alinea 1, 242, 244 alinea 2, 251 cifra 1, 260–260, 264–267, 271, 272 cifra 2, 273, 274 cifra 1 alinea 2, 301, 305 cifra 2, 310, 322, 322 e 322;b. Lescha federala dals 16 da december 2005 davart las persunas estras e l’integraziun: artitgels 116 alinea 3 e 118 alinea 3;c. Lescha federala dals 22 da zercladur 2001 tar la Convenziun da Den Haag davart las adopziuns e davart las mesiras per proteger l’uffant en adopziuns internaziunalas: artitgel 24d. Lescha federala dals 13 da december 1996 davart il material da guerra: artitgels 33 alinea 2 e 34–35b;e. Lescha federala dals 21 da mars 2003 davart l’energia nucleara: artitgels 88 alineas 1 e 2, 89 alineas 1 e 2 e 90 alinea 1;f. LN: artitgels 19 alinea 2 e 20 alinea 2;g. Lescha dals 13 da december 1996 davart la controlla da bains: artitgel 14 alinea 2;h. Lescha dals 17 da zercladur 2011 per promover il sport: artitgels 22 alinea 2 e 25a alinea 3;i. Lescha d’armas dals 20 da zercladur 1997: artitgel 33 alinea 3;j. Lescha dals 15 da december 2000 davart ils products terapeutics: artitgel 86 alineas 2 e 3;k. Lescha da gieus per daners dals 29 da settember 2017: artitgel 130 alinea 2 per ils malfatgs tenor l’artitgel 130 alinea 1 litera a;l. Lescha federala dals 25 da settember 2015 davart il servetsch d’infurmaziun: artitgel 74 alinea 4. Sch’il giudicament d’in malfatg ch’è suttamess a la giurisdicziun militara vegn surdà a la giurisdicziun civila, po l’investigaziun secreta er vegnir ordinada per persequitar ils malfatgs che vegnan enumerads en l’artitgel 70 alinea 2 da la Procedura penala militara dals 23 da mars 1979. Versiun tenor la cifra 2 da l’agiunta da la LF dals 16 da zer. 2023 davart la revisiun dal dretg penal sexual, en vigur dapi il 1. da fan. 2024 (AS 2024 27; BBl 2018 2827; 2022 687, 1011). SR 311.0 Versiun tenor la cifra II 7 da l’agiunta da la LF dals 19 da mars 2010 davart l’organisaziun da las autoritads penalas, en vigur dapi il 1. da schan. 2011 (AS 2010 3267; BBl 2008 8125). SR 142.20 SR 211.221.31 Versiun tenor la cifra II da la LF dals 16 da mars 2012, en vigur dapi il 1. da favr. 2013 (AS 2013 295; BBl 2011 5905). SR 514.51 SR 732.1 Versiun tenor la cifra I da la LF dals 17 da zer. 2022, en vigur dapi il 1. da schan. 2024 (AS 2023 468; BBl 2019 6697). SR 812.121 SR 946.202 Integrà tras l’art. 34 cifra 2 da la LF dals 17 da zer. 2011 per promover il sport (AS 2012 3953; BBl 2009 8189). Versiun tenor la cifra II 2 da l’agiunta da la LF dals 29 da sett. 2017 davart gieus per daners, en vigur dapi il 1. da schan. 2019 (AS 2018 5103; BBl 2015 8387). SR 415.0 Integrà tras la cifra II 1 da l’agiunta da la LF dals 18 da mars 2016 davart la surveglianza da la posta e da la telecommunicaziun, en vigur dapi il 1. da mars 2018 (AS 2018 117; BBl 2013 2683). SR 514.54 Integrà tras la cifra 1 da l’agiunta dal COF dals 29 da sett. 2017 (Convenziun Medicrime), en vigur dapi il 1. da schan. 2019 (AS 2018 4771; BBl 2017 3135). SR 812.21 Integrà tras la cifra II 2 da l’agiunta da la LF dals 29 da sett. 2017 davart gieus per daners, en vigur dapi il 1. da schan. 2019 (AS 2018 5103; BBl 2015 8387). SR 935.51 Integrà tras la cifra II 3 da l’agiunta dal COF dals 25 da sett. 2020 davart l’approvaziun e la realisaziun da la Convenziun dal Cussegl da l’Europa per la prevenziun dal terrorissem e da ses protocol supplementar sco er davart il rinforzament da l’instrumentari penal cunter il terrorissem e la criminalitad organisada, en vigur dapi il 1. da fan. 2021 (AS 2021 360; BBl 2018 6427). SR 121 SR 322.1Art. 287 Pretensiuns envers las persunas incaricadas Sco investigaturs secrets pon vegnir incaricads:a. appartegnents d’in corp da polizia svizzer u ester;b. persunas che vegnan engaschadas temporarmain per incumbensas polizialas, er sch’ellas na disponan betg d’ina scolaziun poliziala. Sco persunas directivas dastgan vegnir incaricadas mo appartegnents d’in corp da polizia. Sche appartegnents d’in corp da polizia ester vegnan incaricads, vegnan els per regla manads da lur persuna directiva vertenta.Art. 288 Identitad fictiva e garanzia da l’anonimitad Ad investigaturs secrets dat la polizia ina identitad fictiva. La procura publica po garantir ad investigaturs secrets che lur vaira identitad na vegnia er alura betg tradida, sch’els cumparan en ina procedura giudiziala sco infurmaturs u sco perditgas. Sche investigaturs secrets commettan in malfatg durant lur incarica, decida la dretgira da mesiras repressivas, sut tge identitad che la procedura penala vegn manada. Versiun tenor la cifra I da la LF dals 14 da dec. 2012 davart la retschertga e l’investigaziun secreta, en vigur dapi il 1. da matg 2013 (AS 2013 1051; BBl 2012 5591 5609). Versiun tenor la cifra I da la LF dals 14 da dec. 2012 davart la retschertga e l’investigaziun secreta, en vigur dapi il 1. da matg 2013 (AS 2013 1051; BBl 2012 5591 5609).Art. 289 Procedura d’approvaziun L’incarica d’in investigatur secret sto vegnir approvada da la dretgira da mesiras repressivas. La procura publica inoltrescha ils suandants documents a la dretgira da mesiras repressivas entaifer 24 uras dapi che l’investigaziun secreta è vegnida pretendida:a. l’ordinaziun;b. la motivaziun e las actas da procedura ch’èn necessarias per dar l’approvaziun. Cun ina curta motivaziun decida la dretgira da mesiras repressivas entaifer 5 dis dapi che l’investigaziun secreta è vegnida pretendida. Ella po conceder l’approvaziun provisoricamain u cun cundiziuns u pretender ina cumplettaziun da las actas u ulteriurs scleriments. L’approvaziun inditgescha explicitamain, sch’igl è permess:a. da far u da midar documents per crear u per mantegnair ina identitad fictiva;b. da garantir l’anonimitad;c. d’incaricar persunas che na disponan betg d’ina scolaziun poliziala. L’approvaziun vegn concedida per maximalmain 12 mais. Ella po vegnir prolungada ina u pliras giadas, mintgamai maximalmain per 6 mais. Sch’ina prolungaziun è necessaria, fa la procura publica ina dumonda da prolungaziun motivada avant che la durada permessa è scadida. Sch’ina approvaziun na vegn concedida u sche l’approvaziun n’è betg vegnida dumandada, terminescha la procura publica immediatamain l’incarica. Tut las registraziuns ston vegnir destruidas immediatamain. Enconuschientschas ch’èn vegnidas gudagnadas tras l’investigaziun secreta na dastgan betg vegnir duvradas.Art. 290 Instrucziun avant l’intervenziunLa procura publica instruescha la persuna directiva sco er l’investigatur secret avant il cumenzament da l’intervenziun.Art. 291 Persuna directiva Durant sia intervenziun è l’investigatur secret suttamess directamain a la cumpetenza da la persuna directiva da decretar directivas. Durant l’intervenziun vegn il contact tranter la procura publica e l’investigatur secret stabilì sulettamain sur la persuna directiva. La persuna directiva ha en spezial las suandantas incumbensas:a. ella instruescha detagliadamain e permanentamain l’investigatur secret davart l’incumbensa e davart las cumpetenzas sco er davart la moda e maniera co ch’el duai ir enturn cun sia identitad fictiva;b. ella maina ed assista l’investigatur secret e giuditgescha permanentamain ils ristgs da la situaziun;c. ella fixescha en scrit ils rapports a bucca da l’investigatur secret e maina in dossier cumplet da l’intervenziun;d. ella infurmescha permanentamain e cumplettamain la procura publica davart l’intervenziun.Art. 292 Obligaziuns da l’investigatur secret Investigaturs secrets exequeschan lur intervenziun en il rom da las instrucziuns confurm a l’obligaziun. Els rapporteschan permanentamain e cumplettamain a la persuna directiva davart lur activitad e davart lur constataziuns.Art. 293 Limits da l’intervenziun admissibla Ils investigaturs secrets na dastgan betg encuraschar ina terza persuna da commetter in malfatg u incitar ella da commetter in malfatg pli grev. Lur intervenziun duai sa restrenscher a la concretisaziun d’ina decisiun existenta da commetter in malfatg. Lur activitad dastga esser mo d’ina impurtanza subordinada per la decisiun da commetter in malfatg concret. Sche quai è necessari per instradar la fatschenta principala, dastgan els far acquists d’emprova u documentar lur capacitad economica. Sch’in investigatur secret surpassa ils limits da l’intervenziun admissibla, sto quai vegnir resguardà commensuradamain cun fixar la dimensiun dal chasti, u igl è da desister da dar in chasti.Art. 294 NunchastiabladadUschenavant che investigaturs secrets ageschan en il rom d’ina investigaziun secreta approvada, n’èn els betg chastiabels tenor las suandantas disposiziuns:a. en il rom da la persecuziun da pornografia cun persunas minorennas u d’acts sexuals cun persunas minorennas: tenor l’artitgel 197 alineas 4 e 5 CP, uschenavant ch’ils objects u las preschentaziuns na cuntegnan betg acts sexuals reals cun persunas minorennas;b. en il rom da la persecuziun da delicts cunter la LN: tenor ils artitgels 19 e 20–22 LN. Versiun tenor la cifra I da la LF dals 17 da zer. 2022, en vigur dapi il 1. da schan. 2024 (AS 2023 468; BBl 2019 6697). SR 311.0 SR 812.121Art. 295 Daners da preschentaziun Sin dumonda da la procura publica po la Confederaziun metter a disposiziun sur la Banca naziunala ils imports en daners ch’èn necessaris per far ina fatschenta fictiva e per documentar la capacitad economica, e quai en la quantitad necessaria ed en la moda giavischada. La dumonda sto vegnir drizzada a l’Uffizi federal da polizia e sto cuntegnair ina curta preschentaziun dals fatgs. La procura publica prenda las mesiras ch’èn necessarias per proteger ils daners ch’èn vegnids mess a disposiziun. Sch’els van a perder, stat buna la Confederaziun u il chantun, al qual appartegna la procura publica.Art. 296 Chats casuals Resultats d’ina investigaziun secreta che mainan a la glisch auters malfatgs che quels che vegnan enumerads en l’ordinaziun da l’investigaziun secreta dastgan vegnir duvrads, sch’ina investigaziun secreta avess dastgà vegnir ordinada per persequitar ils malfatgs ch’èn vegnids chattads da nov. La procura publica ordinescha immediatamain l’investigaziun secreta ed iniziescha la procedura d’approvaziun.Art. 297 Terminaziun da l’intervenziun La procura publica terminescha immediatamain l’intervenziun, sche:a. las premissas n’èn betg pli ademplidas;b. l’approvaziun u la prolungaziun vegn refusada; uc. l’investigatur secret u la persuna directiva n’observa betg las instrucziuns u n’ademplescha betg sias obligaziuns en autra moda, en spezial cun dar intenziunadamain infurmaziuns faussas a la procura publica. En ils cas tenor l’alinea 1 literas a e c communitgescha ella la terminaziun da l’intervenziun a la dretgira da mesiras repressivas. Terminond l’intervenziun stoi vegnir dà attenziun che ni l’investigatur secret ni terzas persunas ch’èn vegnidas involvidas en l’investigaziun vegnian exposts a privels evitabels.Art. 298 Communicaziun Il pli tard a la terminaziun da la procedura preliminara communitgescha la procura publica a la persuna inculpada ch’igl haja dà ina investigaziun secreta cunter ella. Cun il consentiment da la dretgira da mesiras repressivas po questa communicaziun vegnir suspendida u tralaschada, sche:a. las enconuschientschas na vegnan betg duvradas per motivs da cumprova; eb. la suspensiun u la tralaschada è necessaria per proteger interess publics u privats predominants. Persunas, cunter las qualas igl è vegnida fatga ina investigaziun secreta, pon far recurs tenor ils artitgels 393–397. Il termin da recurs cumenza a currer il mument che la communicaziun è vegnida retschavida.5a. secziun Retschertga secreta Integrà tras la cifra I da la LF dals 14 da dec. 2012 davart la retschertga e l’investigaziun secreta, en vigur dapi il 1. da matg 2013 (AS 2013 1051; BBl 2012 5591 5609).Art. 298a Noziun Ina retschertga secreta è dada, sche appartegnents da la polizia emprovan da sclerir crims e delicts en il rom da curtas acziuns, uschia che lur vaira identitad e funcziun n’èn betg visiblas, e sch’els fan en quest connex en spezial fatschentas fictivas u dattan da crair da vulair far talas fatschentas. Retschertgaders secrets na survegnan betg ina identitad fictiva en il senn da l’artitgel 285a. Lur vaira identitad e funcziun vegnan rendidas enconuschentas en las actas da procedura ed a chaschun d’interrogaziuns.Art. 298b Premissas La procura publica ed – en proceduras d’investigaziun – la polizia pon ordinar ina retschertga secreta, sche:a. igl exista in suspect ch’in crim u in delict saja vegnì commess; eb. las acziuns da retschertga e d’investigaziun d’enfin ussa n’han gì nagin success u sche las retschertgas fissan uschiglio invanas u vegnissan engrevgiadas sproporziunadamain. Sch’ina retschertga secreta ch’è vegnida ordinada da la polizia ha durà 1 mais, dovri l’approvaziun da la procura publica per pudair cuntinuar cun la retschertga secreta.Art. 298c Pretensiuns envers las persunas incaricadas e realisaziun Per las pretensiuns envers las persunas incaricadas vala l’artitgel 287 tenor il senn. L’engaschament da persunas tenor l’artitgel 287 alinea 1 litera b è exclus. Per la posiziun, per las incumbensas e per las obligaziuns dals retschertgaders secrets e da las persunas directivas valan ils artitgels 291–294 tenor il senn.Art. 298d Finiziun e communicaziun La polizia u la procura publica che ha ordinà la retschertga secreta terminescha immediatamain quella, sche:a. las premissas n’èn betg pli ademplidas;b. la procura publica refusescha l’approvaziun da la cuntinuaziun da la retschertga secreta en cas che quella era vegnida ordinada da la polizia; uc. il retschertgader secret u la persuna directiva n’observa betg las instrucziuns u n’ademplescha betg sias obligaziuns en autra moda, en spezial cun dar intenziunadamain infurmaziuns faussas a la procura publica u cun empruvar d’influenzar en moda inadmissibla la persuna en mira. La polizia communitgescha a la procura publica che la retschertga secreta saja finida. Cun finir la retschertga secreta stoi vegnir guardà ch’il retschertgader secret na vegnia betg exponì ad in privel evitabel. Per la communicaziun da la retschertga secreta vala l’artitgel 298 alineas 1 e 3 tenor il senn.6. titel Procedura preliminara1. chapitel Disposiziuns generalasArt. 299 Noziun ed intent La procedura preliminara consista da la procedura d’investigaziun da la polizia e da l’inquisiziun da la procura publica. Partind dal suspect ch’in malfatg saja vegnì commess vegnan fatgas retschertgas e rimnadas cumprovas en la procedura preliminara per constatar, sche:a. i stoppia vegnir decretà in mandat penal cunter ina persuna inculpada;b. ina persuna inculpada stoppia vegnir accusada;c. la procedura stoppia vegnir sistida.Art. 300 Iniziaziun La procedura preliminara vegn iniziada:a. da l’activitad d’investigaziun da la polizia;b. da l’avertura d’ina inquisiziun tras la procura publica. L’iniziaziun da la procedura preliminara na po betg vegnir contestada, nun che la persuna inculpada fetschia valair ch’il scumond da la persecuziun penala dubla saja vegnì violà.Art. 301 Dretg da denunzia Mintga persuna ha il dretg da denunziar en scrit u a bucca malfatgs tar in’autoritad da persecuziun penala. Il denunziant po pretender da l’autoritad da persecuziun penala ina conferma da la denunzia, sche tala è vegnida fatga a bucca per mauns d’in protocol. Sin dumonda dal denunziant communitgescha l’autoritad da persecuziun penala, sch’ina procedura penala è vegnida iniziada e co ch’ella vegn liquidada. Il denunziant che n’è ni donnegià ni accusader privat n’ha nagins ulteriurs dretgs processuals. Integrà tras la cifra I da la LF dals 17 da zer. 2022, en vigur dapi il 1. da schan. 2024 (AS 2023 468; BBl 2019 6697).Art. 302 Obligaziun da denunzia Las autoritads penalas èn obligadas da denunziar a l’autoritad cumpetenta tut ils malfatgs ch’ellas han constatà durant lur activitad uffiziala u ch’èn vegnids annunziads ad ellas, nun ch’ellas sajan sezzas cumpetentas per persequitar quests malfatgs. La Confederaziun ed ils chantuns reglan l’obligaziun da denunzia dals commembers d’autras autoritads. L’obligaziun da denunzia na concerna betg persunas che han – tenor ils artitgels 113 alinea 1, 168, 169 e 180 alinea 1 – il dretg da refusar da far deposiziuns u da dar perditga.Art. 303 Delicts che vegnan persequitads sin plant e delicts che vegnan persequitads sin autorisaziun En cas da malfatgs che vegnan persequitads mo sin plant u mo sin autorisaziun, vegn ina procedura preliminara iniziada pir, suenter ch’il plant è vegnì purtà u suenter che l’autorisaziun è vegnida concedida. L’autoritad cumpetenta po prender gia ordavant las mesiras da segirezza urgentas.Art. 303a Cauziun en cas da violaziuns da l’onur En cas da violaziuns da l’onur po la procura publica obligar la persuna petenta da prestar entaifer in tschert termin ina cauziun per eventuals custs e per eventualas indemnisaziuns. Sche la cauziun na vegn betg prestada entaifer il termin fixà, vala il plant penal sco retratg. Integrà tras la cifra I da la LF dals 17 da zer. 2022, en vigur dapi il 1. da schan. 2024 (AS 2023 468; BBl 2019 6697).Art. 304 Furma dal plant penal Il plant penal sto vegnir purtà en scrit u dà a protocol tar la polizia, tar la procura publica u tar l’autoritad penala per surpassaments. La renunzia e la retratga dal plant penal ston vegnir fatgas en la medema furma.Art. 305 Infurmaziun da la victima ed annunzia La polizia e la procura publica infurmeschan la victima – mintgamai a chaschun da l’emprima interrogaziun – en moda cumplessiva davart ses dretgs e davart sias obligaziuns en la procura penala. Cun la medema chaschun infurmeschan ellas ultra da quai davart:a. las adressas e las incumbensas dals posts da cussegliaziun per victimas;b. la pussaivladad da profitar da differentas prestaziuns da l’agid a victimas;c. il termin per inoltrar dumondas d’indemnisaziun e da reparaziun;d. il dretg tenor l’artitgel 92a CP da pretender infurmaziuns davart las decisiuns ed ils fatgs concernent l’execuziun da chastis e da mesiras da la persuna sentenziada. Ellas communitgeschan il num e l’adressa da la victima ad in post da cussegliaziun, sche la victima è perencletga cun quai. Ils alineas 1–3 vegnan applitgads confurm al senn per ils confamigliars da la victima. L’observaziun da las disposiziuns da quest artitgel sto vegnir protocollada. Versiun tenor la cifra II 7 da l’agiunta da la LF dals 19 da mars 2010 davart l’organisaziun da las autoritads penalas, en vigur dapi il 1. da schan. 2011 (AS 2010 3267; BBl 2008 8125). Versiun tenor la cifra I 3 da la LF dals 26 da sett. 2014 davart il dretg da la victima da survegnir infurmaziuns, en vigur dapi il 1. da schan. 2016 (AS 2015 1623; BBl 2014 889 913). Versiun tenor la cifra I 3 da la LF dals 26 da sett. 2014 davart il dretg da la victima da survegnir infurmaziuns, en vigur dapi il 1. da schan. 2016 (AS 2015 1623; BBl 2014 889 913). Integrà tras la cifra I 3 da la LF dals 26 da sett. 2014 davart il dretg da la victima da survegnir infurmaziuns, en vigur dapi il 1. da schan. 2016 (AS 2015 1623; BBl 2014 889 913).2. chapitel Procedura poliziala d’investigaziunArt. 306 Incumbensas da la polizia En la procedura d’investigaziun constatescha la polizia sin basa da denunzias, d’ordinaziuns da la procura publica u d’atgnas constataziuns ils fatgs ch’èn relevants per il malfatg. En spezial sto ella:a. metter en segirezza ed evaluar fastizs e cumprovas;b. eruir ed interrogar persunas donnegiadas e persunas suspectadas;c. sche quai è necessari, fermar ed arrestar persunas suspectadas u las tschertgar. Pratitgond sias activitads sa drizza ella tenor las prescripziuns davart l’inquisiziun, davart ils meds da cumprova e davart las mesiras repressivas; resalvadas restan disposiziuns spezialas da questa lescha.Art. 307 Collavuraziun cun la procura publica La polizia infurmescha immediatamain la procura publica davart malfatgs grevs sco er davart auters eveniments gravants. Las procuras publicas da la Confederaziun e dals chantuns pon decretar directivas pli detagliadas davart questa obligaziun d’infurmar. La procura publica po da tut temp dar directivas ed incumbensas a la polizia u surpigliar la procedura. En ils cas tenor l’alinea 1 fa ella sezza las emprimas interrogaziuns essenzialas, sche quai è pussaivel. La polizia fixescha permanentamain sias constataziuns e las mesiras ch’ella ha prendì en rapports en scrit e transferescha quels, sche sias investigaziuns èn terminadas, ensemen cun las accusaziuns, cun ils protocols, cun ulteriuras actas sco er cun objects e cun valurs da facultads sequestradas immediatamain a la procura publica. Ella po desister da la rapportaziun, sche:a. i na dat evidentamain nagin motiv per la procura publica da far ulteriurs pass en la procedura; eb. i n’èn vegnidas prendidas naginas mesiras repressivas u fatgs naginas autras investigaziuns formalisadas.3. chapitel Inquisiziun tras la procura publica1. secziun Incumbensas da la procura publicaArt. 308 Noziun ed intent da l’inquisiziun En l’inquisiziun sclerescha la procura publica realmain e legalmain ils fatgs uschenavant, ch’ella po terminar la procura preliminara. Sch’ins sto far quint cun in’accusaziun u cun il decret d’in mandat penal, sclerescha ella las relaziuns persunalas da la persuna inculpada. Sche la persuna inculpada duai vegnir accusada, ha l’inquisiziun da furnir a la dretgira la basa essenziala per giuditgar la culpa e per fixar il chasti.Art. 309 Avertura La procura publica avra ina inquisiziun, sche:a. i resulta in suspect suffizient tras las infurmaziuns e tras ils rapports da la polizia, tras la denunzia penala u tras sias atgnas constataziuns;b. ella ordinescha mesiras repressivas;c. ella è vegnida infurmada da la polizia en il senn da l’artitgel 307 alinea 1. Rapports da la polizia e denunzias penalas, dals quals i na resorta betg cleramain il suspect concernent la commessa dal malfatg po ella returnar a la polizia per far investigaziuns cumplementaras. Ella avra l’inquisiziun en ina disposiziun; en quella numna ella la persuna inculpada ed il malfatg che vegn incriminà a la persuna inculpada. La disposiziun na sto betg vegnir motivada e communitgada. Ella na po betg vegnir contestada. La procura publica renunzia a l’avertura, sch’ella decretescha immediatamain ina disposiziun da betg avrir l’inquisiziun penala ubain in mandat penal.Art. 310 Disposiziun da betg avrir l’inquisiziun penala La procura publica decretescha ina disposiziun da betg avrir l’inquisiziun penala, uschespert ch’igl è cler sin basa da la denunzia penala u dal rapport da la polizia che:a. ils causals penals en dumonda u las premissas da process n’èn evidentamain betg ademplids;b. i èn avant maun impediments da la procedura;c. i sto vegnir renunzià ad ina persecuziun penala per ils motivs ch’èn numnads en l’artitgel 8. Dal rest sa drizza la procedura tenor las disposiziuns davart la sistida d’ina procedura.2. secziun Far l’inquisiziunArt. 311 Registraziun da las cumprovas ed extensiun da l’inquisiziun Ils procuraturs publics fan sezs la registraziun da las cumprovas. La Confederaziun ed ils chantuns decidan, en tge dimensiun ch’els pon transferir singuls acts d’inquisiziun a lur collavuraturs. La procura publica po extender l’inquisiziun sin ulteriuras persunas u sin ulteriurs malfatgs. L’artitgel 309 alinea 3 è applitgabel.Art. 312 Incumbensas da la procura publica a la polizia La procura publica po incumbensar la polizia da far investigaziuns cumplementaras, er suenter che la procedura è vegnida averta. Per quai la dat ella directivas en scrit, en cas urgents a bucca, che sa restrenschan a scleriments circumscrits concretamain. En cas d’interrogaziuns che la polizia fa per incumbensa da la procura publica han las persunas ch’èn participadas a la procedura ils medems dretgs processuals, sco cur ch’ellas vegnan interrogadas da la procura publica.Art. 313 Registraziuns da las cumprovas en connex cun plants civils La procura publica registrescha las cumprovas ch’èn necessarias per giuditgar il plant civil, nun che la procedura vegnia extendida u retardada tras quai en moda essenziala. La registraziun da las cumprovas che servan en emprima lingia a far valair il plant civil po ella colliar cun la cundiziun ch’ils accusaders privats prestian in pajament anticipà dals custs.Art. 314 Suspensiun La procura publica po suspender ina inquisiziun, en spezial, sche:a. il delinquent u sia dimora n’è betg enconuschent u igl existan auters impediments temporars da la procedura;b. il resultat da la procedura penala dependa d’ina autra procedura ed i para dad esser inditgà da spetgar sin il resultat da tala;c. ina procedura d’enclegientscha è pendenta ed i para dad esser inditgà da spetgar sin il resultat da tala;d. ina decisiun en chaussa dependa da l’ulteriur svilup da las consequenzas dal malfatg. En cas da l’alinea 1 litera c è la suspensiun limitada a 3 mais; ella po vegnir prolungada ina giada per 3 mais. Avant la suspensiun registrescha la procura publica las cumprovas ch’èn periclitadas d’ir a perder. Sch’il delinquent u sche sia dimora n’è betg enconuschent, iniziescha ella sia tschertga. La procura publica communitgescha la suspensiun a la persuna inculpada, a l’accusader privat sco er a la victima. Dal rest sa drizza la procedura tenor las disposiziuns davart la sistida d’ina procedura.Art. 315 Represa La procura publica prenda d’uffizi puspè per mauns ina inquisiziun suspendida, sch’il motiv da la suspensiun è crudà davent. La represa n’è betg contestabla.3. secziun EnclegientschaArt. 316 Uschenavant che delicts, che vegnan persequitads sin plant, èn l’object da la procedura, po la procura publica citar la persuna petenta e la persuna inculpada ad ina tractativa cun la finamira da cuntanscher in’enclegientscha. Sche la persuna petenta na cumpara betg, vala il plant penal sco retratg. Sch’i vegn en dumonda ina liberaziun dal chasti pervia da reparaziun tenor l’artitgel 53 CP, envida la procura publica la persuna donnegiada e la persuna inculpada ad ina tractativa cun l’intent da cuntanscher ina reparaziun. Sch’i vegn cuntanschida ina reconciliaziun, sto quella vegnir fixada en il protocol e suttascritta dals participants. Alura sistescha la procura publica la procedura. Sche la persuna inculpada na cumpara betg ad ina tractativa tenor l’alinea 1 u 2 u sch’i na vegn betg cuntanschida ina reconciliaziun, prenda la procura publica immediatamain per mauns l’inquisiziun. En cas motivads po ella obligar la persuna petenta da prestar entaifer 10 dis ina cauziun per ils custs e per las indemnisaziuns. SR 311.04. secziun Terminaziun da l’inquisiziunArt. 317 Interrogaziun finalaEn proceduras preliminaras voluminusas e cumplitgadas interroghescha la procura publica la persuna inculpada – avant che terminar l’inquisiziun – anc ina giada en ina interrogaziun finala e la dat la pussaivladad da prender posiziun davart ils resultats.Art. 318 Terminaziun Sche la procura publica resguarda l’inquisiziun sco cumpletta, decretescha ella in mandat penal u annunzia la terminaziun previsa en scrit a las partidas che han in domicil enconuschent e las communitgescha, sch’ella vul far l’accusaziun u sch’ella vul sistir la procedura. Il medem mument fixescha ella in termin per las partidas per far propostas da cumprova. A las persunas donnegiadas cun domicil enconuschent, che n’èn anc betg vegnidas infurmadas davart lur dretgs, communitgescha la procura publica en scrit, ch’ella veglia decretar in mandat penal, far in’accusaziun u terminar la procedura tras ina sistida; la procura publica dat ad ellas in termin per sa constituir sco accusaders privats e per preschentar propostas da cumprova. Propostas da cumprova po ella refusar mo, sch’i vegn pretendì tras talas da registrar las cumprovas davart fatgs ch’èn irrelevants, evidents, enconuschents a l’autoritad penala u gia cumprovads en moda giuridicamain suffizienta. La decisiun vegn decretada en scrit e sto vegnir motivada curtamain. Propostas da cumprova refusadas pon vegnir inoltradas danovamain en la procedura principala. Communicaziuns tenor ils alineas 1 ed 1 sco er decisiuns tenor l’alinea 2 n’èn betg contestablas. Integrà tras la cifra I da la LF dals 17 da zer. 2022, en vigur dapi il 1. da schan. 2024 (AS 2023 468; BBl 2019 6697). Versiun tenor la cifra I da la LF dals 17 da zer. 2022, en vigur dapi il 1. da schan. 2024 (AS 2023 468; BBl 2019 6697).4. chapitel Sistida da la procedura ed accusaziun1. secziun Sistida da la proceduraArt. 319 Motivs La procura publica dispona la sistida cumpletta u parziala da la procedura, sche:a. nagin suspect che giustifitgescha in’accusaziun n’è confermà;b. nagin causal penal n’è ademplì;c. motivs da giustificaziun fan ch’in causal penal n’è betg applitgabel;d. premissas da process na pon definitivamain betg vegnir ademplidas u impediments en il process èn resultads;e. i po – tenor la prescripziun legala – vegnir renunzià ad ina persecuziun penala u ad in chasti. Ella po sistir la procedura excepziunalmain er, sche:a. l’interess d’ina victima che aveva main che 18 onns il mument, ch’il malfatg è vegnì commess, pretenda quai stringentamain e quest interess predominescha evidentamain l’interess dal stadi vi d’ina persecuziun penala; eb. la victima u – en cas ch’ella n’è betg abla da giuditgar – sia represchentanza legala approvescha la sistida.Art. 320 Disposiziun da sistida La furma ed il cuntegn general da la disposiziun da sistida sa drizzan tenor ils artitgels 80 ed 81. En la disposiziun da sistida abolescha la procura publica mesiras repressivas existentas. Ella po ordinar la sequestraziun d’objects e da valurs da facultad. En la disposiziun da sistida na vegnan tractads nagins plants civils. La via civila è averta a l’accusader privat a partir dal mument che la disposiziun da sistida è entrada en vigur. Ina disposiziun da sistida cun vigur legala correspunda ad ina decisiun finala d’acquittament.Art. 321 Communicaziun La procura publica communitgescha la disposiziun da sistida:a. a las partidas;b. a la victima;c. a las autras persunas ch’èn participadas a la procedura e ch’èn pertutgadas da la disposiziun;d. eventualmain ad autras autoritads che vegnan designadas dals chantuns, sch’ellas han il dretg da far recurs. Resalvada resta la renunzia explicita d’ina persuna ch’è participada a la procedura. Dal rest èn applitgabels ils artitgels 84–88 confurm al senn.Art. 322 Approvaziun e meds legals La Confederaziun ed ils chantuns pon fixar che la disposiziun da sistida stoppia vegnir approvada da la procura publica superiura u da la procura publica generala. Las partidas pon contestar la disposiziun da sistida entaifer 10 dis davant l’instanza da recurs. Cunter ina decisiun da confiscaziun che vegn decretada en il rom da la disposiziun da sistida, poi vegnir fatg protesta. La procedura da protesta sa drizza tenor las disposiziuns davart il mandat penal. In’eventuala decisiun da la dretgira vegn decretada en furma d’in conclus u d’ina disposiziun. Integrà tras la cifra I da la LF dals 17 da zer. 2022, en vigur dapi il 1. da schan. 2024 (AS 2023 468; BBl 2019 6697).Art. 323 Reavertura La procura publica dispona la reavertura d’ina procedura ch’è vegnida terminada en moda legalmain valaivla tras ina disposiziun da sistida, sch’ella survegn enconuschientscha da meds da cumprova u da fatgs novs che:a. pledan per ina responsabladad penala da la persuna inculpada; eb. na resultan betg da las actas da la procedura terminada. Ella communitgescha la reavertura a quellas persunas ed a quellas autoritads, a las qualas ella aveva gia communitgà la sistida.2. secziun AccusaziunArt. 324 Princips La procura publica fa l’accusaziun davant la dretgira cumpetenta, sch’ella resguarda – sin basa da l’inquisiziun – ils motivs da suspect sco suffizients e sch’ella na po betg decretar in mandat penal. L’accusaziun n’è betg contestabla.Art. 325 Cuntegn da l’acta d’accusaziun L’acta d’accusaziun numna:a. il lieu e la data;b. la procura publica che fa l’accusaziun;c. la dretgira, a la quala l’accusaziun sa drizza;d. la persuna inculpada e sia defensiun;e. la persuna donnegiada;f. uschè curt, ma uschè precis sco pussaivel: ils malfatgs che vegnan reproschads a la persuna inculpada, il lieu, la data, las uras, il gener e las consequenzas dals malfatgs commess;g. ils causals penals che la procura publica resguarda sco ademplids, cun indicaziun da las disposiziuns legalas applitgablas. La procura publica po far in’accusaziun alternativa u – en cas che sia accusaziun principala vegn sbittada – in’accusaziun eventuala.Art. 326 Ulteriuras indicaziuns e pretensiuns La procura publica fa a la dretgira las suandantas indicaziuns e las suandantas pretensiuns, nun che quellas resultian gia da l’acta d’accusaziun:a. l’accusader privat sco er ses plants civils eventuals;b. las mesiras repressivas ordinadas;c. ils objects sequestrads e las valurs da facultad sequestradas;d. ils custs d’inquisiziun resultads;e. sia eventuala pretensiun d’ordinar l’arrest da segirezza;f. sias pretensiuns davart las sancziuns u l’annunzia che questas pretensiuns vegnian fatgas en la tractativa principala;g. sias pretensiuns per decisiuns giudizialas posteriuras;h. sia dumonda da vegnir citada a la tractativa principala. Sche la procura publica na sa preschenta betg persunalmain davant dretgira, po ella – per declerar ils fatgs – agiuntar a sia accusaziun in rapport final che cuntegna er explicaziuns concernent l’appreziaziun da las cumprovas.Art. 327 Consegna da l’accusaziun La procura publica transmetta immediatamain l’acta d’accusaziun sco er in eventual rapport final:a. a la persuna inculpada, da la quala il lieu da dimora è enconuschent;b. a l’accusader privat;c. a la victima;d. a la dretgira cumpetenta ensemen cun las actas sco er cun ils objects sequestrads e cun las valurs da facultad sequestradas. Sche la procura publica pretenda che l’arrest da segirezza vegnia ordinà, transmetta ella in exemplar da l’acta d’accusaziun – ensemen cun la dumonda correspundenta – er a la dretgira da mesiras repressivas.7. titel Procedura principala d’emprima instanza1. chapitel Litispendenza, preparaziun da la tractativa principala, disposiziuns generalas per la tractativa principalaArt. 328 Litispendenza La procedura daventa pendenta davant dretgira cun l’entrada da l’acta d’accusaziun. Il mument che la litispendenza cumenza passan las cumpetenzas en la procedura a la dretgira.Art. 329 Examinaziun da l’accusaziun; suspender e metter ad acta la procedura La direcziun da la procedura examinescha, sche:a. l’accusaziun e las actas èn vegnidas elavuradas confurm a l’urden;b. las premissas da process èn ademplidas;c. i èn avant maun impediments da la procedura. Sch’i resulta da questa examinaziun u pli tard durant la procedura ch’ina sentenzia na po anc betg vegnir decretada, suspenda la dretgira la procedura. Sche necessari, refusescha la dretgira l’accusaziun per mauns da la procura publica per la cumplettar u rectifitgar. La dretgira decida, sch’in cas suspendì resta pendent davant ella. Sch’ina sentenzia na po definitivamain betg vegnir decretada, metta la dretgira ad acta la procedura suenter ch’ella ha concedì l’attenziun giuridica a las partidas ed ad ulteriuras terzas persunas ch’èn engrevgiadas tras quai. L’artitgel 320 è applitgabel confurm al senn. Sche la procedura duai vegnir messa ad acta mo en singuls puncts d’accusaziun, po questa decisiun vegnir decretada ensemen cun la sentenzia.Art. 330 Preparaziun da la tractativa principala Sch’i sto vegnir entrà en l’accusaziun, prenda la direcziun da la procedura immediatamain las disposiziuns necessarias per exequir la tractativa principala. En cas da dretgiras colleghialas lascha la direcziun da la procedura circular las actas. La direcziun da la procedura infurmescha la victima davart ses dretgs, nun che las autoritads da persecuziun penala hajan gia fatg quai; l’artitgel 305 è applitgabel confurm al senn.Art. 331 Fixaziun da la tractativa principala La direcziun da la procedura fixescha, tge cumprovas che vegnan registradas en la tractativa principala. Ella infurmescha las partidas davart la cumposiziun da la dretgira e communitgescha, tge cumprovas che vegnan registradas. A medem temp fixescha ella in termin per las partidas per preschentar e per motivar propostas da cumprova; en quest connex renda ella attentas las partidas a l’obligaziun da surpigliar custs ed indemnisaziuns, sch’ellas preschentan ed argumenteschan memia tard las propostas da cumprova. Per l’accusader privat fixescha ella il medem termin per quantifitgar e per motivar ses plant civil. Sche la direcziun da la procedura refusescha propostas da cumprova, communitgescha ella quai a las partidas cun ina curta motivaziun. La refusaziun n’è betg contestabla, propostas da cumprova refusadas pon però vegnir preschentadas da nov en la tractativa principala. La direcziun da la procedura fixescha la data, las uras ed il lieu da la tractativa principala e citescha las partidas, las perditgas, ils infurmaturs sco er ils experts che duain vegnir interrogads. Ella decida definitivamain davart dumondas da spustar la tractativa principala ch’entran avant che quella ha cumenzà. Integrà la segunda frasa tras la cifra I da la LF dals 17 da zer. 2022, en vigur dapi il 1. da schan. 2024 (AS 2023 468; BBl 2019 6697).Art. 332 Tractativas preliminaras La direcziun da la procedura po citar las partidas ad ina tractativa preliminara per reglar dumondas organisatoricas. A norma da l’artitgel 316 po ella citar las partidas a tractativas d’enclegientscha. Sche la registraziun da cumprovas n’è previsiblamain betg pussaivla en la tractativa principala, la po la direcziun da la procedura exequir precedentamain, la surdar ad ina delegaziun da la dretgira, en cas urgents la delegar a la procura publica ubain incumbensar in’assistenza giudiziala per quest intent. Las partidas ston survegnir la pussaivladad da sa participar a talas registraziuns da las cumprovas.Art. 333 Midada ed extensiun da l’accusaziun La dretgira dat a la procura publica la pussaivladad da midar l’accusaziun, sch’ella è da l’avis ch’ils fatgs descrits en l’acta d’accusaziun pudessan ademplir in auter causal penal, ma l’acta d’accusaziun na correspunda betg a las pretensiuns legalas. Sch’i vegnan enconuschents novs malfatgs da la persuna inculpada durant la procedura principala, po la dretgira permetter a la procura publica d’extender l’accusaziun. In’extensiun è exclusa, sche la procedura vegniss tras quai cumplitgada sur la mesira u sche la cumpetenza da la dretgira midass ubain sch’i sa tracta d’in cas da cumplicitad u da participaziun al malfatg. En quests cas iniziescha la procura publica ina procedura preliminara. La dretgira dastga sa basar en sia sentenzia sin in’accusaziun midada u extendida mo, sch’ils dretgs da partida da la persuna inculpada e da l’accusader privat vegnan defendids. En cas da basegn interrumpa ella per quai la tractativa principala.Art. 334 Surdada Sche la dretgira vegn a la conclusiun ch’ina procedura ch’è pendenta davant ella haja per consequenza in chasti u ina mesira che surpassa sia cumpetenza da sentenzia, surdat ella il cas il pli tard suenter la terminaziun dals pledoyers a la dretgira cumpetenta. Quella exequescha in’atgna procedura da cumprova. La decisiun da surdada è incontestabla.2. chapitel Execuziun da la tractativa principala1. secziun Dretgira e persunas participadas a la proceduraArt. 335 Cumposiziun da la dretgira La dretgira sa raduna durant l’entira tractativa principala tenor la lescha ed en preschientscha d’in actuar. Sch’in derschader croda davent durant la tractativa principala, vegn repetida l’entira tractativa principala, nun che las partidas renunzian a quai. La direcziun da la procedura po ordinar ch’in suppleant da la dretgira prendia part dal bel cumenzament da las tractativas per remplazzar sche necessari in commember da la dretgira. Sche la dretgira sto giuditgar malfatgs cunter l’integritad sexuala, sto ella cumpigliar – sin giavisch da la victima – almain ina persuna da la medema schlattaina sco la victima. En cas da derschaders singuls poi vegnir divergià da questa regulaziun, sch’i èn participadas victimas da tuttas duas schlattainas.Art. 336 Persuna inculpada, defensiun uffiziala e defensiun obligatorica La persuna inculpada sto sa participar persunalmain a la tractativa principala, sche:a. i vegnan tractads crims u delicts; ub. la direcziun da la procedura ordinescha sia participaziun persunala. La defensiun uffiziala e la defensiun obligatorica ston sa participar persunalmain a la tractativa principala. La direcziun da la procedura po dispensar la persuna inculpada sin sia dumonda da sa participar persunalmain a la tractativa, sche quella fa valair motivs impurtants e sche sia preschientscha n’è betg necessaria. Sche la persuna inculpada resta absenta senza sa perstgisar, èn applitgablas las prescripziuns davart la procedura contumaziala. Sche la defensiun uffiziala u la defensiun obligatorica resta absenta, vegn la tractativa spustada.Art. 337 Procura publica La procura publica po far propostas en scrit a la dretgira u sa preschentar persunalmain davant dretgira. Ella n’è liada ni vi da l’appreziaziun giuridica fatga en l’acta d’accusaziun ni vi da las pretensiuns fatgas en quella. Sch’ella pretenda in chasti da detenziun da passa 1 onn u ina mesira da detenziun, sto ella represchentar persunalmain l’accusaziun davant dretgira. La direcziun da la procedura po obligar la procura publica er en auters cas da represchentar persunalmain l’accusaziun davant dretgira, sch’ella è da l’avis che quai saja necessari. Sche la procura publica na cumpara betg a la tractativa principala, malgrà ch’ella fiss obligada da far quai, vegn la tractativa spustada.Art. 338 Accusader privat e terzas persunas La direcziun da la procedura po dispensar l’accusader privat sin sia dumonda da sa participar persunalmain a la tractativa, sche sia preschientscha n’è betg necessaria. La terza persuna ch’è pertutgada d’ina confiscaziun pretendida è libra da sa participar persunalmain a la tractativa. Sche l’accusader privat u la terza persuna ch’è pertutgada d’ina confiscaziun pretendida na sa participescha betg persunalmain a la tractativa, po el u ella sa laschar represchentar u far propostas en scrit.2. secziun Cumenzament da la tractativa principalaArt. 339 Avertura; dumondas pregiudizialas e dumondas intermediaras La direcziun da la procedura avra la tractativa principala, communitgescha la cumposiziun da la dretgira e constatescha la preschientscha da las persunas citadas. Suenter pon la dretgira e las partidas far dumondas pregiudizialas, en spezial concernent:a. la valaivladad da l’accusaziun;b. las premissas da process;c. ils impediments da la procedura;d. las actas e las cumprovas registradas;e. la publicitad da la tractativa;f. la divisiun da la tractativa. La dretgira decida immediatamain davart las dumondas pregiudizialas, suenter ch’ella ha concedì l’attenziun giuridica a las partidas preschentas. Sche las partidas fan dumondas intermediaras durant la tractativa principala, las tracta la dretgira sco dumondas pregiudizialas. Per tractar dumondas pregiudizialas u dumondas intermediaras po la dretgira spustar da tut temp la tractativa principala per cumplettar las actas u las cumprovas ubain per als laschar cumplettar tras la procura publica.Art. 340 Cuntinuaziun da la tractativa Il fatg che eventualas dumondas pregiudizialas èn vegnidas tractadas, ha per consequenza che:a. la tractativa principala sto vegnir manada a fin senza interrupziuns nunnecessarias;b. l’accusaziun na po betg pli vegnir retratga e midada, cun resalva da l’artitgel 333;c. partidas ch’èn obligadas dad esser preschentas dastgan bandunar il lieu da la tractativa mo pli cun il consentiment da la dretgira; sch’ina partida banduna il lieu da la tractativa, vegn la tractativa tuttina cuntinuada. Suenter che eventualas dumondas pregiudizialas èn vegnidas tractadas, communitgescha la direcziun da la procedura las pretensiuns da la procura publica, nun che las partidas renunzian a quai.3. secziun Procedura da cumprovaArt. 341 Interrogaziuns La direcziun da la procedura ubain in commember da la dretgira che la direcziun da la procedura ha fixà fa las interrogaziuns. Ils ulteriurs commembers da la dretgira e las partidas pon laschar far la direcziun da la procedura dumondas cumplementaras ubain pon las far sezs cun l’autorisaziun da la direcziun da la procedura. Al cumenzament da la procedura da cumprova fa la direcziun da la procedura dumondas detagliadas a la persuna inculpada davart sia persuna, davart l’accusaziun e davart ils resultats da la procedura preliminara.Art. 342 Divisiun da la tractativa principala Sin dumonda da la persuna inculpada u da la procura publica ubain d’uffizi po la tractativa principala vegnir dividida en duas parts; en quest connex poi vegnir fixà il suandant:a. en in’emprima part da la procedura vegn tractada mo la dumonda concernent ils fatgs e la culpabilitad, en ina segunda part las consequenzas d’ina sentenzia da culpabilitad u d’in acquittament; ub. en in’emprima part da la procedura vegn tractada mo la dumonda concernent ils fatgs ed en ina segunda part la culpabilitad sco er las consequenzas d’ina sentenzia da culpabilitad u d’in acquittament. Per la decisiun è cumpetenta:a. fin a l’avertura da la tractativa principala: la direcziun da la procedura;b. suenter l’avertura da la tractativa principala: la dretgira. Sche la direcziun da la procedura refusa la dumonda da divider la tractativa principala en duas parts, communitgescha ella quai a las partidas cun ina curta motivaziun. La dumonda po vegnir fatga danovamain en la tractativa principala. La decisiun davart la divisiun da la tractativa principala è incontestabla. Sch’ina tractativa principala vegn dividida en duas parts, dastgan las relaziuns persunalas d’ina persuna inculpada esser object da la tractativa principala mo en cas d’ina sentenzia da culpabilitad, nun che quellas hajan ina impurtanza per la dumonda davart il causal objectiv u subjectiv. Las decisiuns davart la dumonda concernent ils fatgs e davart la culpabilitad vegnan communitgadas suenter la deliberaziun, dastgan dentant vegnir contestadas pir cun l’entira sentenzia. Integrà tras la cifra I da la LF dals 17 da zer. 2022, en vigur dapi il 1. da schan. 2024 (AS 2023 468; BBl 2019 6697). Integrà tras la cifra I da la LF dals 17 da zer. 2022, en vigur dapi il 1. da schan. 2024 (AS 2023 468; BBl 2019 6697).Art. 343 Administraziun da las cumprovas La dretgira registrescha novas cumprovas e cumplettescha cumprovas incumplettas. Ella registrescha anc ina giada cumprovas che n’èn betg vegnidas registradas confurm a l’urden en la procedura preliminara. Ella registrescha anc ina giada cumprovas ch’èn vegnidas registradas confurm a l’urden en la procedura preliminara, sche l’enconuschientscha directa dal med da cumprova para dad esser necessari per pronunziar la sentenzia.Art. 344 Appreziaziun giuridica divergentaSche la dretgira vul divergiar da l’appreziaziun giuridica dals fatgs che la procura publica ha formulà en l’acta d’accusaziun, communitgescha ella quai a las partidas preschentas e las dat la pussaivladad da prender posiziun en chaussa.Art. 345 Terminaziun da la procedura da cumprovaAvant che la procedura da cumprova vegn terminada, dat la dretgira a las partidas la pussaivladad da far ulteriuras propostas da cumprova.4. secziun Pledoyers e terminaziun da las tractativas da las partidasArt. 346 Pledoyers Suenter che la tractativa da cumprova è terminada, fan e motiveschan las partidas lur pretensiuns. Ils pledoyers han lieu en la suandanta successiun:a. procura publica;b. accusader privat;c. terzas persunas ch’èn pertutgadas d’ina confiscaziun pretendida (art. 69–73 CP);d. persuna inculpada ubain sia defensiun. Las partidas han il dretg da far in segund pledoyer. SR 311.0Art. 347 Terminaziun da las tractativas da las partidas Suenter la terminaziun dals pledoyers ha la persuna inculpada il dretg sin l’ultim pled. Suenter declera la direcziun da la procedura che las tractativas da las partidas sajan terminadas.5. secziun SentenziaArt. 348 Tractativa da la sentenzia La dretgira sa retira suenter la terminaziun da las tractativas da las partidas per deliberar la sentenzia davos portas serradas. L’actuar sa participescha cun vusch consultativa.Art. 349 Cumplettaziun da cumprovasSch’il cas n’è anc betg madir per la sentenzia, decida la dretgira da cumplettar las cumprovas e da reavrir las tractativas da las partidas.Art. 350 Caracter liant da l’accusaziun; basa da la sentenzia La dretgira è liada vi dals fatgs che vegnan descrits en l’accusaziun, dentant betg vi da l’appreziaziun giuridica fatga en quella. La dretgira resguarda las cumprovas ch’èn vegnidas registradas en la procedura preliminara ed en la procedura principala.Art. 351 Pronunzia e communicaziun da la sentenzia Sche la dretgira po decider en chaussas materialas davart l’accusaziun, pronunzia ella ina sentenzia areguard la culpabilitad, areguard las sancziuns ed areguard las ulteriuras consequenzas. Ella pronunzia sia sentenzia en tut ils puncts cun ina maioritad simpla. Mintga commember è obligà da votar. Ella pronunzia sia sentenzia tenor las disposiziuns da l’artitgel 84.8. titel Proceduras spezialas1. chapitel Procedura da mandat penal, procedura penala per surpassaments1. secziun Procedura da mandat penalArt. 352 Premissas Sche la persuna inculpada ha confessà ils fatgs durant la procedura preliminara u sche quels èn sclerids suffizientamain en in’autra moda, decretescha la procura publica il mandat penal, sch’ella – considerond in chasti cundiziunà u ina relaschada cundiziunada che po eventualmain vegnir revocà – è da l’avis ch’in dals suandants chastis saja suffizient:a. ina multa;b. in chasti pecuniar da maximalmain 180 taxas per di;c. ...d. in chasti da detenziun da maximalmain 6 mais. Mintgin da quests chastis po vegnir cumbinà cun ina mesira tenor ils artitgels 66 e 67e–73 CP. Ils chastis tenor l’alinea 1 literas b–d pon vegnir cumbinads in cun l’auter, sch’il chasti total pronunzià correspunda ad in chasti da detenziun da maximalmain 6 mais. Ina cumbinaziun cun ina multa è adina pussaivla. Abolì tras la cifra 3 da l’agiunta da la LF dals 19 da zer. 2015 (midadas dal dretg da sancziuns), cun effect dapi il 1. da schan. 2018 (AS 2016 1249; BBl 2012 4721). SR 311.0 Versiun tenor la cifra 5 da l’agiunta da la LF dals 20 da mars 2015 (realisaziun da l’art. 121 al. 3–6 Cst. davart l’expulsiun da persunas estras criminalas), en vigur dapi il 1. d’oct. 2016 (AS 2016 2329; BBl 2013 5975).Art. 352a InterrogaziunSch’igl è da spetgar ch’il mandat penal haja per consequenza in chasti da detenziun ch’è d’expiar, interroghescha la procura publica la persuna inculpada. Integrà tras la cifra I da la LF dals 17 da zer. 2022, en vigur dapi il 1. da schan. 2024 (AS 2023 468; BBl 2019 6697).Art. 353 Cuntegn e communicaziun dal mandat penal Il mandat penal cuntegna:a. la designaziun da l’autoritad disponenta;b. la designaziun da la persuna inculpada;c. ils fatgs che vegnan incriminads a la persuna inculpada;d. ils causals penals che vegnan ademplids tras quai;e. la sancziun;f. la menziun – motivada curtamain – da la revocaziun d’ina sancziun u d’ina relaschada cundiziunada;f. il termin per stizzar in eventual profil dal DNA;g. l’obligaziun da surpigliar custs ed indemnisaziuns;h. la designaziun d’objects e da valurs da facultad sequestrads che vegnan deliberads u confiscads;i. il renviament a la pussaivladad da far protesta ed a las consequenzas d’ina protesta tralaschada;j. il lieu e la data da l’emissiun dal mandat penal;k. la suttascripziun da la persuna che emetta il mandat penal; En la procedura da mandat penal po la procura publica decider davart pretensiuns civilas, sche quellas èn renconuschidas da la persuna inculpada u sche:a. igl è pussaivel da las giuditgar senza registrar ulteriuras cumprovas; eb. la valur en dispita na surpassa betg 30 000 francs. Il mandat penal vegn communitgà immediatamain en scrit a las persunas ed a las autoritads che han il dretg da far protesta. Integrà tras la cifra 2 da l’agiunta 1 da la LF dals 17 da dec. 2021, en vigur dapi il 1. d’avust 2023 (AS 2023 309; BBl 2021 44). Versiun tenor la cifra I da la LF dals 17 da zer. 2022, en vigur dapi il 1. da schan. 2024 (AS 2023 468; BBl 2019 6697).Art. 354 Protesta Cunter il mandat penal pon far protesta en scrit tar la procura publica entaifer 10 dis:a. la persuna inculpada;a. l’accusader privat;b. ulteriuras persunas pertutgadas;c. sche previs, la procura publica superiura u generala da la Confederaziun u dal chantun pertutgà mintgamai en la procedura federala u chantunala. L’accusader privat na po betg contestar in mandat penal areguard la sancziun pronunziada. Las protestas ston vegnir motivadas, cun excepziun da la protesta da la persuna inculpada. Senza ina protesta valaivla daventa il mandat penal ina sentenzia cun vigur legala. Integrà tras la cifra I da la LF dals 17 da zer. 2022, en vigur dapi il 1. da schan. 2024 (AS 2023 468; BBl 2019 6697). Integrà tras la cifra I da la LF dals 17 da zer. 2022, en vigur dapi il 1. da schan. 2024 (AS 2023 468; BBl 2019 6697).Art. 355 Procedura en cas da protesta Sch’i vegn fatg ina protesta, administrescha la procura publica las ulteriuras cumprovas ch’èn necessarias per giuditgar la protesta. Sch’in protestader na cumpara nunperstgisadamain betg a l’interrogaziun – e quai malgrà la citaziun – vala sia protesta sco retratga. Suenter avair administrà las cumprovas decida la procura publica, sch’ella:a. insista sin il mandat penal;b. metta ad acta la procedura;c. decretescha in nov mandat penal;d. fa in’accusaziun tar la dretgira d’emprima instanza.Art. 356 Procedura davant la dretgira d’emprima instanza Sche la procura publica decida d’insister sin il mandat penal, surdat ella immediatamain las actas a la dretgira d’emprima instanza per exequir la procedura principala. Il mandat penal vala sco acta d’accusaziun. La dretgira d’emprima instanza decida davart la valaivladad dal mandat penal e da la protesta. La protesta po vegnir retratga fin a la terminaziun dals pledoyers. Sch’il protestader na cumpara nunperstgisadamain betg a la tractativa principala e sch’el na sa lascha er betg represchentar, vala sia protesta sco retratga. Sch’il mandat penal è nunvalaivel, l’annullescha la dretgira e surdat il cas a la procura publica per exequir ina nova procedura preliminara. Sche la protesta sa referescha mo als custs ed a las indemnisaziuns ubain ad ulteriuras consequenzas accessoricas, decida la dretgira en ina procedura en scrit, nun ch’il protestader pretendia expressivamain ina tractativa. Sch’i èn vegnids decretads cunter pliras persunas mandats penals che sa refereschan als medems fatgs, è applitgabel l’artitgel 392 confurm al senn.2. secziun Procedura penala per surpassamentsArt. 357 Las autoritads administrativas che vegnan incaricadas per la persecuziun e per il giudicament da surpassaments han las cumpetenzas da la procura publica. La procedura sa drizza confurm al senn tenor las prescripziuns davart la procedura da mandat penal. Sch’il causal da surpassament n’è betg ademplì, metta l’autoritad penala per surpassaments ad acta la procedura cun ina disposiziun motivada curtamain. Sch’ils fatgs che duain vegnir giuditgads èn chastiabels sco crims u delicts tenor l’avis da l’autoritad penala per surpassaments, surdat ella il cas a la procura publica.2. chapitel Procedura scursanidaArt. 358 Princips Fin a l’accusaziun po la persuna inculpada dumandar la procura publica d’exequir la procedura scursanida, sch’ella confessa ils fatgs essenzials per l’appreziaziun giuridica e sch’ella renconuscha almain da princip las pretensiuns civilas. La procedura scursanida è exclusa, sche la procura publica pretenda in chasti da detenziun da passa 5 onns.Art. 359 Iniziaziun La procura publica decida definitivamain davart l’execuziun da la procedura scursanida. La disposiziun na sto betg vegnir motivada. La procura publica communitgescha a las partidas l’execuziun da la procedura scursanida e dat a l’accusader privat in termin da 10 dis per annunziar pretensiuns civilas e pretensiuns d’indemnisar custs da procedura necessaris.Art. 360 Acta d’accusaziun L’acta d’accusaziun cuntegna:a. las indicaziuns tenor ils artitgels 325 e 326;b. il chasti;c. las mesiras;d. las directivas, en cas ch’i vegn concedida in’execuziun cundiziunada dal chasti;e. la revocaziun da sancziuns cundiziunadas u da relaschadas or da l’execuziun da sancziuns;f. la regulaziun davart las pretensiuns civilas da l’accusader privat;g. l’obligaziun da surpigliar custs ed indemnisaziuns;h. l’infurmaziun che las partidas desistian d’ina procedura ordinaria sco er da far protesta cun lur consentiment a l’acta d’accusaziun. La procura publica communitgescha l’acta d’accusaziun a las partidas. Quellas ston declerar entaifer 10 dis, sch’ellas acceptan u refuseschan l’acta d’accusaziun. L’acceptaziun è irrevocabla. Sche l’accusader privat na refusescha betg l’acta d’accusaziun en scrit entaifer il termin, vala quella sco acceptada. Sche las partidas acceptan l’acta d’accusaziun, surdat la procura publica quella ensemen cun las ulteriuras actas a la dretgira d’emprima instanza. Sch’ina partida n’accepta betg l’acta d’accusaziun, exequescha la procura publica ina procedura preliminara ordinaria.Art. 361 Tractativa principala La dretgira d’emprima instanza exequescha ina tractativa principala. A chaschun da la tractativa principala interroghescha la dretgira la persuna inculpada e constatescha, sche:a. ella accepta ils fatgs, sin ils quals l’accusaziun sa basa; eb. questa decleraziun correspunda al stadi da las actas. La dretgira interroghescha – sche necessari – er las ulteriuras partidas preschentas. Ina procedura da cumprova n’ha betg lieu.Art. 362 Sentenzia u refusaziun La dretgira decida libramain, sche:a. l’execuziun da la procedura scursanida è legala e cunvegnenta;b. l’accusaziun correspunda al resultat da la tractativa principala ed a las actas; ec. las sancziuns pretendidas èn adequatas. Sche las premissas per pronunziar ina sentenzia en ina procedura scursanida èn ademplidas, integrescha la dretgira ils causals penals, las sancziuns e las pretensiuns civilas da l’acta d’accusaziun en la sentenzia. L’adempliment da las premissas per la procedura scursanida vegnan motivadas summaricamain. Sche las premissas per ina sentenzia en la procedura scursanida n’èn betg ademplidas, refusescha la dretgira las actas per mauns da la procura publica per exequir ina procedura preliminara ordinaria. La dretgira communitgescha sia refusaziun a las partidas a bucca ed en scrit en il dispositiv. Questa decisiun n’è betg contestabla. Las decleraziuns che las partidas han fatg en vista a la procedura scursanida, n’èn betg utilisablas en ina procedura ordinaria che ha lieu suenter la refusaziun d’ina sentenzia en la procedura scursanida. Cun l’appellaziun cunter ina sentenzia en la procedura scursanida po ina partida mo far valair ch’ella n’haja betg acceptà l’acta d’accusaziun u che la sentenzia na correspundia betg a l’acta d’accusaziun.3. chapitel Procedura en cas da decisiuns posteriuras independentas da la dretgiraArt. 363 Cumpetenza La dretgira che pronunzia la sentenzia d’emprima instanza prenda er las decisiuns posteriuras independentas ch’èn vegnidas delegadas ad in’autoritad giudiziala, nun che la Confederaziun u ils chantuns fixeschian insatge auter. La procura publica che ha decidì en la procedura da mandat penal ubain l’autoritad penala per surpassaments che ha decidì en la procedura penala per surpassaments prenda er las decisiuns posteriuras. Per decisiuns posteriuras che n’èn betg chaussa da la dretgira, fixeschan la Confederaziun ed ils chantuns l’autoritad cumpetenta.Art. 364 Procedura L’autoritad cumpetenta iniziescha d’uffizi la procedura per decretar ina decisiun giudiziala posteriura, nun ch’il dretg federal fixeschia insatge auter. Ella inoltrescha las actas correspundentas sco er sia pretensiun a la dretgira. En ils ulteriurs cas pon la persuna sentenziada u autras persunas autorisadas pretender cun ina dumonda motivada en scrit d’iniziar la procedura. La dretgira examinescha, sche las premissas per ina decisiun giudiziala posteriura èn ademplidas, e cumplettescha – sche necessari – las actas u lascha far la polizia ulteriuras retschertgas. Ella dat a las persunas ed a las autoritads pertutgadas la pussaivladad da s’exprimer davart la decisiun previsa e da far pretensiuns. Per la procedura davant la dretgira (art. 363 al. 1) valan dal rest analogamain las disposiziuns davart la procedura principala d’emprima instanza; per la procedura en scrit vegn applitgà analogamain l’artitgel 390. Integrà tras la cifra I da la LF dals 17 da zer. 2022, en vigur dapi il 1. da schan. 2024 (AS 2023 468; BBl 2019 6697).Art. 364a Arrest da segirezza en vista ad ina decisiun independenta posteriura da la dretgira  L’autoritad ch’è responsabla per introducir la procedura per pronunziar ina decisiun independenta posteriura po laschar arrestar la persuna sentenziada, sch’i sto vegnir fatg quint seriusamain che:a. l’execuziun d’ina sancziun che privescha da la libertad vegnia ordinada cunter la persuna; eb. la persuna:1. sa sustiria da l’execuziun, u2. commettia danovamain in crim u in grev delict. La procedura sa drizza analogamain tenor ils artitgels 222–228. L’autoritad cumpetenta inoltrescha uschè svelt sco pussaivel las actas correspundentas e sia proposta a la dretgira ch’è cumpetenta per la decisiun independenta posteriura. Integrà tras la cifra I da la LF dals 25 da sett. 2020 (arrest da segirezza en proceduras independentas posteriuras), en vigur dapi il 1. da mars 2021 (AS 2021 75; BBl 2019 6697).Art. 364b Arrest da segirezza durant la procedura giudiziala La direcziun da la procedura po laschar arrestar la persuna sentenziada sut las premissas da l’artitgel 364a alinea 1. Applitgond l’artitgel 224 tenor il senn maina ella ina procedura d’arrest e propona a la dretgira da mesiras repressivas respectivamain a la direcziun da la procedura da la dretgira d’appellaziun d’ordinar l’arrest da segirezza. La procedura sa drizza analogamain tenor ils artitgels 225 e 226. Sch’in arrest da segirezza è gia vegnì pronunzià, sa drizza la procedura analogamain tenor l’artitgel 227. Dal rest valan ils artitgels 222 e 230–233 tenor il senn. Integrà tras la cifra I da la LF dals 25 da sett. 2020 (arrest da segirezza en proceduras independentas posteriuras), en vigur dapi il 1. da mars 2021 (AS 2021 75; BBl 2019 6697).Art. 365 Decisiun La dretgira decida sin basa da las actas. Ella po er ordinar ina tractativa. Ella pronunzia sia sentenzia en scrit e la motivescha curtamain. Sch’ina tractativa ha gì lieu, communitgescha ella immediatamain sia decisiun a bucca. La decisiun da la dretgira po vegnir contestada cun appellaziun. Integrà tras la cifra I da la LF dals 17 da zer. 2022, en vigur dapi il 1. da schan. 2024 (AS 2023 468; BBl 2019 6697).4. chapitel Procedura contumaziala1. secziun Premissas ed execuziunArt. 366 Premissas Sch’ina persuna inculpada ch’è vegnida citada confurm a l’urden na cumpara betg a la tractativa principala d’emprima instanza, fixescha la dretgira ina nova tractativa e citescha puspè la persuna inculpada u la lascha manar davant dretgira. Ella registrescha las cumprovas che na cumportan nagin retard. Sche la persuna inculpada na cumpara betg a la tractativa principala ch’è vegnida fixada da nov ubain sch’ella na po betg vegnir manada davant dretgira, po la tractativa principala vegnir exequida en sia absenza. La dretgira po er suspender la procedura. Sche la persuna inculpada è sezza sa fatga incapabla da sa participar a las tractativas u sch’ella refusescha da vegnir manada or da l’arrest davant dretgira per la tractativa principala, po la dretgira exequir immediatamain ina procedura contumaziala. Ina procedura contumaziala po mo avair lieu, sche:a. la persuna inculpada ha gì fin lura avunda pussaivladads en la procedura da s’exprimer davart ils malfatgs che la vegnan reproschads; eb. la chargia da cumprovas permetta ina sentenzia contumaziala.Art. 367 Execuziun e decisiun Las partidas e la defensiun vegnan autorisadas da far lur pledoyers. La dretgira giuditgescha sin fundament da las cumprovas ch’èn vegnidas registradas en la procedura preliminara ed en la procedura principala. Suenter la terminaziun dals pledoyers po la dretgira pronunziar ina sentenzia u suspender la procedura, fin che la persuna inculpada cumpara persunalmain davant dretgira. Dal rest sa drizza la procedura contumaziala tenor las disposiziuns davart la procedura principala d’emprima instanza.2. secziun Nov giudicamentArt. 368 Dumonda per in nov giudicament Sche la sentenzia contumaziala po vegnir tramessa persunalmain a la persuna sentenziada, vegn ella rendida attenta ch’ella po pretender en scrit u a bucca entaifer 10 dis in nov giudicament tar la dretgira che ha pronunzià la sentenzia. En la dumonda sto la persuna sentenziada motivar curtamain, pertge ch’ella n’ha betg pudì sa participar a la tractativa principala. La dretgira refusescha la dumonda, sche la persuna sentenziada n’è nunperstgisadamain betg cumparida a la tractativa principala, malgrà ch’ella è vegnida citada confurm a l’urden.Art. 369 Procedura Sche las premissas per in nov giudicament èn previsiblamain ademplidas, fixescha la direcziun da la procedura ina nova tractativa principala. A chaschun da questa tractativa decida la dretgira davart la dumonda per in nov giudicament e pronunzia eventualmain ina nova sentenzia. Las instanzas da recurs suspendan las proceduras da meds legals che autras partidas han inizià. La direcziun da la procedura decida fin a la tractativa principala davart la concessiun d’in effect suspensiv sco er davart l’arrest da segirezza. Sche la persuna sentenziada na cumpara puspè nunperstgisadamain betg a la tractativa principala, resta la sentenzia contumaziala valaivla. La dumonda per in nov giudicament po vegnir retratga fin a la fin da las tractativas da las partidas; la persuna sentenziada è obligada da surpigliar custs ed indemnisaziuns.Art. 370 Nova sentenzia La dretgira pronunzia ina nova sentenzia. Cunter quella pon vegnir prendids ils meds legals usitads. Cun l’entrada en vigur da la nova sentenzia scadan la sentenzia contumaziala, ils meds legals ch’èn vegnids prendids cunter quella e las decisiuns ch’èn gia vegnidas decretadas en la procedura da meds legals.Art. 371 Relaziun tar l’appellaziun Fin ch’il termin d’appellaziun n’è betg anc scadì, po la persuna sentenziada ultra u empè da far ina dumonda per in nov giudicament er far appellaziun cunter la sentenzia contumaziala. Ella sto vegnir infurmada davart questa pussaivladad en il senn da l’artitgel 368 alinea 1. In’appellaziun vegn mo tractada, sche la dumonda per in nov giudicament è vegnida refusada.5. chapitel Procedura da mesiras independenta1. secziun Ordinaziun da la cauziun preventivaArt. 372 Premissas e cumpetenza Sch’ina cauziun preventiva tenor l’artitgel 66 CP na po betg vegnir ordinada cunter ina persuna inculpada en il rom da la procedura penala, ha lieu ina procedura independenta. Sche la persuna inculpada è arrestada pervia dal privel da repeter u da commetter in malfatg, na vegn betg ordinada ina cauziun preventiva. La dumonda d’iniziar la procedura independenta sto vegnir inoltrada tar la procura publica dal lieu, nua che la smanatscha è vegnida pronunziada u l’intenziun da repeter il malfatg è vegnida exprimida. SR 311.0Art. 373 Procedura La procura publica interroghescha las persunas participadas e transmetta silsuenter las actas a la dretgira da mesiras repressivas. Quella ordinescha las mesiras numnadas en l’artitgel 66 CP. Cunter l’ordinaziun da l’arrest po la persuna pertutgada far recurs tar l’instanza da recurs. La persuna smanatschada ha ils medems dretgs sco l’accusader privat. En cas motivads po ella vegnir obligada da prestar ina cauziun per ils custs da la procedura e per indemnisaziuns. La persuna smanatschanta ha ils dretgs d’ina persuna inculpada. Sche la prestaziun d’ina cauziun tenor l’artitgel 66 alinea 3 CP croda al stadi, vegni disponì en chaussa applitgond l’artitgel 240. Sch’i smanatscha in privel direct d’ina persuna, po la procura publica arrestar questa persuna ad interim ubain prender autras mesiras da protecziun. La procura publica maina immediatamain la persuna a la dretgira da mesiras repressivas cumpetenta; quella decida davart l’ordinaziun da l’arrest. SR 311.02. secziun Procedura per persunas inculpadas penalmain irresponsablasArt. 374 Premissas e procedura Sch’ina persuna inculpada è penalmain irresponsabla e sche l’applicaziun dals artitgels 19 alinea 4 u 263 CP na vegn betg en dumonda, pretenda la procura publica en scrit da la dretgira d’emprima instanza ch’ella prendia ina mesira tenor ils artitgels 59–61, 63, 64, 67, 67b u 67e CP, senza ch’ella mettia l’emprim ad acta la procedura pervia d’irresponsabladad penala. Resguardond il stadi da sanadad da la persuna inculpada ubain per proteger la persunalitad da quella po la dretgira d’emprima instanza:a. manar la tractativa en absenza da la persuna inculpada;b. excluder la publicitad da las tractativas. Ella dat a l’accusader privat la pussaivladad da s’exprimer davart la pretensiun da la procura publica e davart il plant civil. Dal rest valan las disposiziuns davart la procedura principala d’emprima instanza. SR 311.0 Versiun tenor la cifra I 1 da l’agiunta da la LF dals 13 da dec. 2013 davart il scumond d’activitad e davart il scumond da contact e d’areal, en vigur dapi il 1. da schan. 2015 (AS 2014 2055; BBl 2012 8819).Art. 375 Decisiun La dretgira ordinescha la mesira pretendida u autras mesiras, sch’ella è da l’avis ch’ils delinquents e l’irresponsabladad penala sajan cumprovads e che la mesira saja necessaria. A medem temp decida ella davart las pretensiuns civilas ch’èn vegnidas fatgas valair. L’ordinaziun da la mesira e la decisiun davart las pretensiuns civilas vegnan decretadas en ina sentenzia. Sche la dretgira è da l’avis che la persuna inculpada saja penalmain responsabla u responsabla per ils malfatgs ch’ella ha commess en il stadi da l’irresponsabladad penala, refusescha ella la pretensiun da la procura publica. Cun l’entrada en vigur da questa decisiun vegn cuntinuada la procedura preliminara cunter la persuna inculpada.3. secziun Procedura da confiscaziun independentaArt. 376 PremissasIna procedura da confiscaziun independenta vegn exequida, sch’i sto vegnir decidì davart la confiscaziun d’objects u da valurs da facultad ordaifer ina procedura penala.Art. 377 Procedura Objects u valurs da facultad che ston probablamain vegnir confiscads en ina procedura independenta vegnan sequestrads. Sche las premissas per ina confiscaziun èn ademplidas, ordinescha la procura publica la confiscaziun cun in cumond da confiscaziun; ella dat a la persuna pertutgada la pussaivladad da prender posiziun. Sche las premissas n’èn betg ademplidas, dispona ella da metter ad acta la procedura e da restituir ils objects u las valurs da facultad a la persuna autorisada. La procedura da protesta sa drizza tenor las disposiziuns davart il mandat penal. In’eventuala decisiun da la dretgira vegn decretada en furma d’ina sentenzia. La decisiun da la dretgira po vegnir contestada cun appellaziun. Versiun da la segunda frasa tenor la cifra I da la LF dals 17 da zer. 2022, en vigur dapi il 1. da schan. 2024 (AS 2023 468; BBl 2019 6697). Integrà la terza frasa tras la cifra I da la LF dals 17 da zer. 2022, en vigur dapi il 1. da schan. 2024 (AS 2023 468; BBl 2019 6697).Art. 378 Utilisaziun a favur da la persuna donnegiadaLa procura publica u la dretgira decida er davart las pretensiuns da la persuna donnegiada d’utilisar ils objects confiscads e las valurs da facultad confiscadas a sia favur. L’artitgel 267 alineas 3–6 è applitgabel confurm al senn.9. titel Meds legals1. chapitel Disposiziuns generalasArt. 379 Prescripziuns applitgablasLa procedura da meds legals sa drizza confurm al senn tenor las disposiziuns generalas da questa lescha, nun che quest titel cuntegnia disposiziuns spezialas.Art. 380 Decisiuns definitivas u incontestablasCunter ina decisiun che questa lescha declera sco definitiva u incontestabla n’è admess nagin med legal tenor questa lescha.Art. 381 Legitimaziun da la procura publica La procura publica po prender in med legal a favur u a disfavur da la persuna inculpada u sentenziada. Sche la Confederaziun u ils chantuns prevesan ina procura publica superiura u generala, fixeschan els, tge procura publica ch’è autorisada da prender meds legals. Els reglan, tge autoritads che pon prender meds legals en la procedura penala per surpassaments. ... Abolì tras la cifra I da la LF dals 17 da zer. 2022, cun effect dapi il 1. da schan. 2024 (AS 2023 468; BBl 2019 6697).Art. 381a Legitimaziun da las autoritads federalasLas autoritads federalas pon recurrer cunter decisiuns chantunalas, sch’il dretg federal prevesa che las decisiuns vegnian communitgadas ad ellas. Integrà tras la cifra I da la LF dals 17 da zer. 2022, en vigur dapi il 1. da schan. 2024 (AS 2023 468; BBl 2019 6697).Art. 382 Legitimaziun da las ulteriuras partidas Mintga partida che ha in interess legitim d’annullar u da midar ina decisiun, po prender in med legal. L’accusader privat na po betg contestar ina decisiun areguard la sancziun pronunziada. Suenter la mort da la persuna inculpada u sentenziada ubain da l’accusader privat pon ils confamigliars prender in med legal en il senn da l’artitgel 110 alinea 1 CP tenor l’urden da la successiun d’ierta ubain cuntinuar cun la procedura da meds legals, uschenavant che lur interess legitims èn pertutgads. SR 311.0Art. 383 Prestaziun da cauziun La direcziun da la procedura da l’instanza da recurs po obligar l’accusader privat da prestar entaifer in tschert termin ina cauziun per eventuals custs e per eventualas indemnisaziuns. L’artitgel 136 resta resalvà. Sche la cauziun na vegn betg prestada entaifer il termin fixà, na tracta l’instanza da recurs betg il med legal.Art. 384 Cumenzament dal terminIl termin per meds legals cumenza:a. en cas d’ina sentenzia: cun la surdada u cun la consegna dal dispositiv en scrit;b. en cas d’autras decisiuns: cun la consegna da la decisiun;c. en cas ch’in act processual na vegn betg communitgà en scrit: cun l’enconuschientscha.Art. 385 Motivaziun e furma Sche questa lescha pretenda ch’il med legal vegnia motivà, sto la persuna u l’autoritad che prenda il med legal inditgar exactamain:a. tge aspect da la decisiun ch’ella contesta;b. tge motivs che dumondan in’autra decisiun;c. a tge meds da cumprova ch’ella sa referescha. Sche l’inoltraziun n’ademplescha betg questas pretensiuns, la refusescha l’instanza da recurs per mauns da l’autur per la curreger entaifer in curt termin supplementar. Sche l’inoltraziun n’ademplescha er suenter il termin supplementar betg las pretensiuns, n’entra l’instanza da recurs betg en il med legal. La designaziun incorrecta d’in med legal n’ha nagin effect sin sia valaivladad.Art. 386 Renunzia e retratga Tgi ch’è autorisà da prender in med legal po renunziar a quest dretg, declerond quai en scrit u a bucca a l’autoritad che decida, e quai suenter che la decisiun contestabla è vegnida communitgada. Tgi che ha prendì in med legal po retrair quel:a. en cas da proceduras a bucca: fin a la terminaziun da las tractativas da las partidas;b. en cas da proceduras en scrit: fin a la terminaziun da la correspundenza e d’eventualas cumplettaziuns da cumprovas u da las actas. La renunzia e la retratga èn definitivas, nun che la partida haja fatg sia decleraziun pervia d’in engion, pervia d’in malfatg u pervia d’ina infurmaziun incorrecta d’ina autoritad.Art. 387 Effect suspensivIls meds legals n’han nagin effect suspensiv; resalvadas restan disposiziuns divergentas da questa lescha u ordinaziuns da la direcziun da la procedura da l’instanza da recurs.Art. 388 Cumpetenza da la direcziun da la procedura per mesiras proceduralas e preventivas sco er per decisiuns da betg entrar en chaussa La direcziun da la procedura da l’instanza da recurs prenda las mesiras proceduralas e preventivas ch’èn urgentas e necessarias. En spezial po ella:a. incumbensar la procura publica da registrar cumprovas urgentas;b. ordinar l’arrest;c. nominar ina defensiun uffiziala. Ella decida da betg entrar en:a. meds legals evidentamain inadmissibels;b. meds legals che na cuntegnan evidentamain betg ina motivaziun suffizienta;c. meds legals querulatorics u giuridicamain abusivs. Versiun tenor la cifra I da la LF dals 17 da zer. 2022, en vigur dapi il 1. da schan. 2024 (AS 2023 468; BBl 2019 6697). Integrà tras la cifra I da la LF dals 17 da zer. 2022, en vigur dapi il 1. da schan. 2024 (AS 2023 468; BBl 2019 6697).Art. 389 Cumplettaziun da cumprovas La procedura da meds legals sa basa sin las cumprovas ch’èn vegnidas registradas en la procedura preliminara ed en la procedura principala d’emprima instanza. L’administraziun da las cumprovas da la dretgira d’emprima instanza vegn mo repetida, sche:a. prescripziuns davart las cumprovas èn vegnidas violadas;b. la registraziun da las cumprovas è stada incumpletta;c. las actas davart la registraziun da las cumprovas paran dad esser dubitaivlas. L’instanza da recurs registrescha d’uffizi u sin dumonda d’ina partida las cumprovas supplementaras ch’èn necessarias.Art. 390 Procedura en scrit Tgi che vul prender in med legal, per il qual questa lescha prescriva ina procedura en scrit, sto inoltrar in’acta da recurs. Sch’il med legal n’è betg evidentamain inadmissibel u nunmotivà, trametta la direcziun da la procedura l’acta da recurs a las ulteriuras partidas ed a l’instanza precedenta per prender posiziun. Sche l’acta da recurs na po betg vegnir consegnada u sch’i na vegn betg prendì posiziun, vegn tuttina cuntinuada la procedura. L’instanza da meds legals ordinescha – sche necessari – ina segunda correspundenza. Ella prenda sia decisiun sin via circulara u en ina tractativa betg publica sin basa da las actas e da l’administraziun da las cumprovas supplementaras. Ella po ordinar ina tractativa d’uffizi u sin dumonda d’ina partida.Art. 391 Decisiun Tar sia decisiun n’è l’instanza da meds legals betg liada vi da:a. las motivaziuns da las partidas;b. las pretensiuns da las partidas, nun ch’ella giuditgeschia plants civils. Ella na dastga betg midar decisiuns a disfavur da la persuna inculpada u sentenziada, sch’il med legal è vegnì prendì mo a favur da quella. Resalvà resta in chasti pli sever pervia da fatgs che la dretgira d’emprima instanza na pudeva betg enconuscher. Ella na dastga betg midar decisiuns davart l’aspect civil a disfavur da l’accusader privat, sche mo quel ha fatg in recurs.Art. 392 Extensiun da l’effect da l’approvaziun d’in recurs Sche mo singulas da las persunas ch’èn inculpadas u sentenziadas en la medema procedura prendan in med legal e sche quel vegn approvà, vegn la decisiun contestada annullada u midada er a favur da quels che n’han betg fatg recurs, sche:a. l’instanza da recurs giuditgescha ils fatgs en moda differenta; eb. lur consideraziuns constattan er per las autras persunas participadas. Avant che prender sia decisiun consultescha l’instanza da recurs – sche necessari – las persunas inculpadas u sentenziadas che n’han betg prendì in med legal sco er la procura publica e l’accusader privat.2. chapitel RecursArt. 393 Admissibladad e motivs da recurs Il recurs è admissibel cunter:a. las disposiziuns ed ils acts processuals da la polizia, da la procura publica e da las autoritads penalas per surpassaments;b. las disposiziuns ed ils conclus sco er ils acts processuals da las dretgiras d’emprima instanza, cun excepziun da decisiuns proceduralas;c. las decisiuns da la dretgira da mesiras repressivas, uschenavant ch’ellas na valan, tenor questa lescha, betg sco definitivas. Cun il recurs pon vegnir contestadas:a. violaziuns da dretg, inclusiv il surpassament e l’abus dal liber appreziar, la snegaziun da dretg e la retardada da dretg;b. la constataziun incumpletta u fallada dals fatgs;c. l’inadequatezza. Versiun tenor la cifra I 3 da la LF dals 16 da zer. 2023 davart la revisiun dal dretg penal sexual, en vigur dapi il 1. da fan. 2024 (AS 2024 27; BBl 2018 2827; 2022 687, 1011).Art. 394 Exclusiun dal recursIl recurs è inadmissibel:a. sche l’appellaziun è pussaivla;b. cunter la refusaziun da propostas da cumprova tras la procura publica u tras l’autoritad penala per surpassaments, sche la proposta po vegnir repetida davant la dretgira d’emprima instanza senza ch’i resultia in dischavantatg giuridic.Art. 395 Dretgira colleghiala sco instanza da recursSch’ina dretgira colleghiala è l’instanza da recurs, giuditgescha la direcziun da la procedura da quella suletta davart il recurs, sche quel cuntegna:a. exclusivamain surpassaments;b. las consequenzas accessoricas economicas d’ina decisiun en cas d’in import dispitaivel da maximalmain 5000 francs.Art. 396 Furma e termin Il recurs cunter decisiuns ch’èn vegnidas communitgadas en scrit u a bucca sto vegnir inoltrà entaifer 10 dis en scrit e cun ina motivaziun tar l’instanza da recurs. Recurs pervia da snegaziun da dretg u retardada da dretg n’èn betg liads vi d’in termin.Art. 397 Procedura e decisiun Il recurs vegn tractà en ina procedura en scrit. Sche l’autoritad approvescha il recurs, prenda ella ina nova decisiun u annullescha la decisiun contestada e la refusescha per mauns da l’instanza precedenta per prender ina nova decisiun. Sch’ella approvescha il recurs cunter ina disposiziun da metter ad acta la procedura, po ella dar directivas a la procura publica u a l’autoritad penala per surpassaments per l’ulteriur andament da la procedura. Sch’ella constatescha ina snegaziun da dretg u ina retardada da dretg, po ella dar directivas a l’autoritad respectiva e fixar termins per observar quellas. L’instanza da recurs decida entaifer 6 mais. Integrà tras la cifra I da la LF dals 17 da zer. 2022, en vigur dapi il 1. da schan. 2024 (AS 2023 468; BBl 2019 6697).3. chapitel Appellaziun1. secziun Disposiziuns generalasArt. 398 Admissibladad e motivs d’appellaziun L’appellaziun è admissibla cunter sentenzias da dretgiras d’emprima instanza, cun las qualas la procedura è vegnida terminada per part u dal tuttafatg, sco er cunter decisiuns posteriuras independentas da la dretgira e cunter decisiuns da confiscaziun independentas. La dretgira d’appellaziun po examinar en moda cumplessiva tut ils aspects contestads da la sentenzia. Cun l’appellaziun pon vegnir constestadas:a. violaziuns da dretg, inclusiv il surpassament e l’abus dal liber appreziar, la snegaziun da dretg e la retardada da dretg;b. la constataziun incumpletta u fallada dals fatgs;c. l’inadequatezza. Sche la procedura principala d’emprima instanza ha tractà exclusivamain surpassaments, poi vegnir fatg valair cun l’appellaziun mo che la sentenzia haja mancanzas giuridicas ubain che la constataziun dals fatgs saja evidentamain fallada u sa basia sin ina snegaziun da dretg. I na pon betg vegnir preschentadas novas pretensiuns u novas cumprovas. Sche l’appellaziun sa restrenscha a l’aspect civil, vegn la sentenzia d’emprima instanza examinada mo, uschenavant ch’il dretg da procedura civila ch’è applitgabel a la dretgira cumpetenta prevesa quai. Versiun tenor la cifra I da la LF dals 17 da zer. 2022, en vigur dapi il 1. da schan. 2024 (AS 2023 468; BBl 2019 6697).Art. 399 Annunzia da l’appellaziun e decleraziun d’appellaziun L’appellaziun sto vegnir annunziada a la dretgira d’emprima instanza en scrit u a bucca per il protocol entaifer 10 dis suenter che la sentenzia è vegnida communitgada. Suenter che la dretgira d’emprima instanza ha motivà la sentenzia, transmetta ella l’annunzia ensemen cun las actas a la dretgira d’appellaziun. La partida che ha annunzià l’appellaziun inoltrescha ina decleraziun d’appellaziun en scrit a la dretgira d’appellaziun, e quai entaifer 20 dis suenter la consegna da la sentenzia motivada. Ella sto inditgar en quella:a. sch’ella contesta l’entira sentenzia u sulettamain tschertas parts da quella;b. tge midadas da la sentenzia d’emprima instanza ch’ella pretenda; ec. tge propostas da cumprova ch’ella fa. Tgi che contesta mo tschertas parts da la sentenzia, sto inditgar liantamain en la decleraziun d’appellaziun, a tgeninas da las suandantas parts che l’appellaziun sa restrenscha:a. a l’aspect penal, eventualmain concernent singuls acts;b. a la calculaziun dal chasti;c. a l’ordinaziun da mesiras;d. a la pretensiun civila u a singulas pretensiuns civilas;e. a las consequenzas accessoricas da la sentenzia;f. a l’obligaziun da surpigliar custs ed indemnisaziuns sco er a l’obligaziun da reparar il donn;g. a las decisiuns giudizialas posteriuras.Art. 400 Examinaziun preliminara En cas che la decleraziun d’appellaziun n’inditgescha betg definitivamain, sche l’entira sentenzia d’emprima instanza vegn contestada ubain mo tschertas parts da quella, pretenda la direcziun da la procedura da la dretgira d’appellaziun da la partida ch’ella preciseschia sia decleraziun e fixescha per quai in termin. La direcziun da la procedura transmetta a las ulteriuras partidas immediatamain ina copia da la decleraziun d’appellaziun. Entaifer 20 dis suenter avair retschavì la decleraziun d’appellaziun pon las ulteriuras partidas inoltrar en scrit:a. ina pretensiun da betg entrar en chaussa; la pretensiun sto esser motivada;b. ina decleraziun d’appellaziun adesiva.Art. 401 Appellaziun adesiva L’appellaziun adesiva sa drizza confurm al senn tenor l’artitgel 399 alineas 3 e 4. Ella n’è betg restrenschida al cuntegn da l’appellaziun principala, nun che quella sa refereschia exclusivamain a l’aspect civil da la sentenzia. Sche l’appellaziun vegn retratga u sch’i na vegn betg entrà en quella, scada er l’appellaziun adesiva.Art. 402 Effect da l’appellaziunL’appellaziun ha in effect suspensiv areguard ils aspects contestads.2. secziun ProceduraArt. 403 Entrada La dretgira d’appellaziun decida en ina sentenzia en scrit, sch’i duai vegnir entrà en l’appellaziun, en cas che la direcziun da la procedura u ina partida fa valair che:a. l’annunzia u la decleraziun d’appellaziun saja retardada u inadmissibla;b. l’appellaziun saja inadmissibla en il senn da l’artitgel 398;c. i manchian las premissas da process u i dettia impediments da process. Ella dat a las partidas la pussaivladad da prender posiziun. Sch’ella n’entra betg en l’appellaziun, communitgescha ella a las partidas la decisiun motivada da betg entrar en chaussa. Cas cuntrari decretescha la direcziun da la procedura immediatamain las ordinaziuns necessarias per exequir l’ulteriura procedura d’appellaziun.Art. 404 Dimensiun da l’examinaziun La dretgira d’appellaziun examinescha mo ils aspects contestads da la sentenzia d’emprima instanza. A favur da la persuna inculpada po ella er examinar aspects che n’èn betg vegnids contestads, per impedir decisiuns illegalas u malgistas.Art. 405 Procedura a bucca La tractativa d’appellaziun a bucca sa drizza tenor las disposiziuns davart la tractativa principala d’emprima instanza. Sche la persuna inculpada u l’accusader privat ha declerà l’appellaziun u l’appellaziun adesiva, citescha la direcziun da la procedura la persuna inculpada u l’accusader privat a la tractativa d’appellaziun. En cas simpels po la direcziun da la procedura als dispensar sin lur dumonda da la participaziun u als permetter d’inoltrar e da motivar lur pretensiuns en scrit. La direcziun da la procedura citescha la procura publica a la tractativa:a. en ils cas ch’èn previs en l’artitgel 337 alineas 3 e 4;b. sche la procura publica ha declerà l’appellaziun u l’appellaziun adesiva. Sche la procura publica n’è betg vegnida citada, po ella far pretensiuns en scrit ed inoltrar ina motivaziun en scrit ubain sa preschentar persunalmain davant dretgira.Art. 406 Procedura en scrit La dretgira d’appellaziun po tractar l’appellaziun en ina procedura en scrit, sche exclusivamain:a. dumondas giuridicas ston vegnir decididas;b. l’aspect civil è vegnì contestà;c. surpassaments èn cuntegnids en la sentenzia d’emprima instanza e l’appellaziun na pretenda betg ina sentenzia da culpabilitad pervia d’in delict u pervia d’in crim;d. l’obligaziun da surpigliar custs ed indemnisaziuns sco er l’obligaziun da reparar il donn èn vegnidas contestadas;e. mesiras en il senn dals artitgels 66–73 CP èn vegnidas contestadas. Cun il consentiment da las partidas po la direcziun da la procedura ultra da quai ordinar la procedura en scrit, sche:a. la preschientscha da la persuna inculpada n’è betg necessaria;b. l’appellaziun cuntegna sentenzias d’in derschader singul. La direcziun da la procedura fixescha in termin per la partida che ha declerà l’appellaziun per inoltrar ina motivaziun en scrit. La procedura che suonda sa drizza tenor l’artitgel 390 alineas 2–4. SR 311.0Art. 407 Negligientscha da las partidas L’appellaziun u l’appellaziun adesiva vala sco retratga, sche la partida che l’ha declerada:a. resta absenta da la tractativa d’appellaziun a bucca senza sa perstgisar e na sa lascha er betg represchentar;b. na fa betg ina inoltraziun en scrit; uc. na po betg vegnir citada. Sche la procura publica u l’accusader privat ha declerà l’appellaziun cunter la culpaivladad u cunter l’aspect penal e sche la persuna inculpada resta nunperstgisadamain absenta da la tractativa, ha lieu ina procedura contumaziala. Sche l’accusader privat ha restrenschì sia appellaziun a l’aspect civil e sche la persuna inculpada resta nunperstgisadamain absenta da la tractativa, decida la dretgira d’appellaziun sin basa dals resultats da la tractativa principala d’emprima instanza e sin basa da las ulteriuras actas.3. secziun Decisiun d’appellaziunArt. 408 Nova sentenzia Sche la dretgira d’appellaziun entra en l’appellaziun, pronunzia ella ina nova sentenzia che remplazza la sentenzia d’emprima instanza. La dretgira d’appellaziun decida entaifer 12 mais. Integrà tras la cifra I da la LF dals 17 da zer. 2022, en vigur dapi il 1. da schan. 2024 (AS 2023 468; BBl 2019 6697).Art. 409 Annullaziun e refusaziun Sche la procedura d’emprima instanza ha mancanzas essenzialas che na pon betg vegnir eliminadas en la procedura d’appellaziun, annullescha la dretgira d’appellaziun la sentenzia contestada e refusescha la chaussa per mauns da la dretgira d’emprima instanza per exequir ina nova tractativa principala e per pronunziar ina nova sentenzia. La dretgira d’appellaziun decida, tge acts processuals che ston vegnir repetids u cumplettads. La dretgira d’emprima instanza è liada vi da las concepziuns giuridicas che vegnan represchentadas en il conclus da refusaziun da la dretgira d’appellaziun sco er vi da las directivas tenor l’alinea 2.4. chapitel RevisiunArt. 410 Admissibladad e motivs da revisiun Tgi ch’è engrevgià tras ina sentenzia legalmain valaivla, tras in mandat penal, tras ina decisiun giudiziala posteriura u tras ina decisiun en la procedura da mesiras independenta, po pretender la revisiun, sche:a. i èn avant maun novs fatgs ch’èn succedids avant la decisiun u novs meds da cumprova ch’èn adattads per acquittar, per pronunziar in chasti considerablamain pli moderà u considerablamain pli sever per la persuna sentenziada u per sentenziar la persuna acquittada;b. la decisiun stat en ina cuntradicziun incumpatibla cun ina decisiun penala posteriura che pertutga ils medems fatgs;c. i sa mussa en in’autra procedura penala ch’il resultat da la procedura è vegnì influenzà tras in malfatg; ina sentenzia n’è betg necessaria; sche la procedura penala na po betg vegnir exequida, po la cumprova vegnir procurada en moda differenta. La revisiun pervia da la violaziun da la Convenziun dals 4 da november 1950 per la protecziun dals dretgs umans e da las libertads fundamentalas (CEDU) po vegnir pretendida, sche:a. il Tribunal europeic dals dretgs umans ha constatà en ina sentenzia definitiva (art. 44 CEDU) che la CEDU u ils protocols latiers sajan vegnids violads, u ha terminà il cas tras ina cunvegna amicabla (art. 39 CEDU);b. ina indemnisaziun n’è betg adattada per cumpensar las consequenzas da la violaziun; ec. la revisiun è necessaria per eliminar la violaziun. La revisiun a favur da la persuna sentenziada po vegnir pretendida er suenter che la surannaziun è entrada. La revisiun che sa restrenscha als aspects civils è admissibla mo, sch’il dretg da procedura civila ch’è applitgabel a la dretgira cumpetenta permettess ina revisiun. SR 0.101 Versiun tenor la cifra 3 da l’agiunta da la LF dal 1. d’oct. 2021, en vigur dapi il 1. da fan. 2022 (AS 2022 289; BBl 2021 300, 889).Art. 411 Furma e termin Las dumondas da revisiun ston vegnir inoltradas en scrit e cun ina motivaziun tar la dretgira d’appellaziun. En la dumonda ston vegnir designads e cumprovads ils motivs da revisiun, als quals i vegn sa referì. Dumondas tenor l’artitgel 410 alinea 1 cifra b ed alinea 2 ston vegnir fatgas entaifer 90 dis suenter l’enconuschientscha da la decisiun respectiva. En ils ulteriurs cas n’èn dumondas da revisiun betg liadas vi da termins.Art. 412 Examinaziun preliminara ed entrada La dretgira d’appellaziun fa in’examinaziun provisorica da la dumonda da revisiun en ina procedura en scrit. Sche la dumonda è evidentamain inadmissibla ubain nunmotivada u sche la dumonda è vegnida fatga e refusada pli baud cun ils medems arguments, n’entra la dretgira betg en chaussa. Cas cuntrari envida ella las ulteriuras partidas e l’instanza precedenta da prender posiziun en scrit. Ella concluda las cumplettaziuns da cumprovas e da las actas sco er mesiras preventivas, nun che la direcziun da la procedura saja cumpetenta en chaussa tenor l’artitgel 388.Art. 413 Decisiun Sche la dretgira d’appellaziun è da l’avis ch’ils motivs da revisiun ch’èn vegnids fatgs valair na sajan betg dads, refusescha ella la dumonda da revisiun ed annullescha eventualas mesiras preventivas. Sche la dretgira d’appellaziun è da l’avis ch’ils motivs da revisiun ch’èn vegnids fatgs valair sajan dads, annullescha ella la decisiun contestada per part u dal tuttafatg e:a. refusescha la chaussa per mauns da l’autoritad ch’ella designescha per la laschar tractar e giuditgar da nov; ub. prenda sezza ina nova decisiun, sch’il stadi da las actas permetta quai. En cas d’ina refusaziun decida ella, en tge dimensiun ch’ils motivs da revisiun elimineschan la vigur legala e l’executabilitad da la decisiun contestada ed en tge stadi che la procedura sto vegnir reaverta. Ella po metter provisoricamain u laschar la persuna inculpada en arrest da segirezza, sche las premissas èn ademplidas.Art. 414 Nova procedura En cas che la dretgira d’appellaziun ha refusà la chaussa per mauns da la procura publica, decida quella, sch’i sto vegnir fatga ina nova accusaziun, decretà in mandat penal ubain messa ad acta la procedura. Sch’ella ha refusà la chaussa per mauns d’ina dretgira, cumplettescha quella las cumprovas necessarias e pronunzia ina nova sentenzia suenter avair exequì ina tractativa principala.Art. 415 Consequenzas d’ina nova decisiun Sche la persuna inculpada vegn sentenziada en ina nova decisiun ad in chasti pli sever, la vegnan mess a quint chastis gia expiads. Sche la persuna inculpada vegn acquittada u sch’ella survegn in chasti pli moderà ubain sche la procedura vegn messa ad acta, la vegnan restituids las multas u ils chastis pecuniars ch’ella ha gia pajà. Il dretg da la persuna inculpada da survegnir indemnisaziuns ubain reparaziuns dal donn sa drizzan tenor l’artitgel 436 alinea 4. Sche l’acquittament remplazza ina sentenzia, pon la persuna inculpada ubain – suenter sia mort – ses confamigliars pretender la publicaziun da la nova decisiun.10. titel Custs da procedura, indemnisaziun e reparaziun1. chapitel Disposiziuns generalasArt. 416 Champ d’applicaziunLas disposiziuns da quest titel valan per tut las proceduras tenor questa lescha.Art. 417 Adossament dals custs en cas d’acts processuals cun mancanzasEn cas da negligientscha ed en cas d’auters acts processuals cun mancanzas po l’autoritad penala adossar ils custs da procedura e las indemnisaziuns a la persuna participada a la procedura che l’ha chaschunada, e quai independentamain dal resultat da la procedura.Art. 418 Participaziun da pliras persunas e responsabladad da terzas persunas Sche pliras persunas participadas èn obligadas da surpigliar ils custs, vegnan quels adossads proporziunalmain ad ellas. L’autoritad penala po ordinar che las persunas ch’èn obligadas da surpigliar ils custs stettian bunas solidaricamain per ils custs ch’ellas han chaschunà cuminaivlamain. Ella po obligar terzas persunas e la persuna inculpada da surpigliar solidaricamain ils custs confurm als princips da responsabladad dal dretg civil.Art. 419 Adossament dals custs a persunas ch’èn penalmain irresponsablasSche la procedura è vegnida messa ad acta pervia d’irresponsabladad penala da la persuna inculpada u sche tala è vegnida acquittada per quest motiv, la pon vegnir adossads ils custs, sche quai para dad esser gist en vista a tut las circumstanzas.Art. 420 RegressPer ils custs ch’els han stuì surpigliar pon la Confederaziun u il chantun prender regress sin persunas che han, intenziunadamain u per greva negligientscha:a. chaschunà l’iniziaziun da la procedura;b. difficultà considerablamain la procedura;c. chaschunà ina decisiun ch’era vegnida annullada en la procedura da revisiun.Art. 421 Decisiun da custs L’autoritad penala fixescha las obligaziuns da surpigliar ils custs en la decisiun finala. Ella po anticipar questa fixaziun en:a. decisiuns intermediaras;b. decisiuns davart la sistida parziala da la procedura;c. decisiuns davart meds legals cunter decisiuns intermediaras e cunter disposiziuns da sistida da la procedura.2. chapitel Custs da proceduraArt. 422 Noziun Ils custs da procedura sa cumponan da las taxas che servan a cuvrir ils custs e da las spesas en il cas penal concret. Spesas èn particularmain:a. ils custs per la defensiun uffiziala e per l’assistenza giudiziala gratuita;b. ils custs per translaziuns;c. ils custs per expertisas;d. ils custs per la cooperaziun d’autras autoritads;e. las spesas da posta e da telefon e spesas sumegliantas.Art. 423 Princips Ils custs da procedura vegnan surpigliads da la Confederaziun u dal chantun che ha manà la procedura; disposiziuns divergentas da questa lescha restan resalvadas. e  ... Abolì tras la cifra II 7 da l’agiunta da la LF dals 19 da mars 2010 davart l’organisaziun da las autoritads penalas, cun effect dapi il 1. da schan. 2011 (AS 2010 3267; BBl 2008 8125).Art. 424 Calculaziun e taxas La Confederaziun ed ils chantuns reglan la calculaziun dals custs da procedura e fixeschan las taxas. Per cas simpels pon els fixar taxas pauschalas che cuvran er las spesas.Art. 425 Prorogaziun e relaschL’autoritad penala po prorogar pretensiuns che resultan da custs da procedura; ella po er reducir u relaschar las pretensiuns resguardond las relaziuns economicas da la persuna ch’è obligada da surpigliar ils custs.Art. 426 Adossament dals custs a la persuna inculpada ed a la partida en la procedura da mesiras independenta La persuna inculpada surpiglia ils custs da procedura, sch’ella vegn condemnada. Exceptads èn ils custs per la defensiun uffiziala, resalvà resta l’artitgel 135 alinea 4. Sche la procedura vegn messa ad acta u sche la persuna inculpada vegn acquittada, la pon ils custs da procedura vegnir adossads dal tuttafatg u parzialmain, en cas ch’ella ha chaschunà illegalmain u culpaivlamain l’iniziaziun da la procedura u en cas ch’ella ha difficultà sia realisaziun. La persuna inculpada na surpiglia betg ils custs da procedura che:a. la Confederaziun u il chantun ha chaschunà tras acts processuals nunnecessaris u fallids;b. èn resultads per translaziuns ch’èn stadas necessarias, perquai che la persuna inculpada era d’ina lingua estra. Ils custs per l’assistenza giudiziala gratuita da l’accusader privat surpiglia la persuna inculpada mo, sch’ella sa chatta en bunas relaziuns economicas. Las disposiziuns da quest artitgel valan confurm al senn per la partida en la procedura da mesiras independenta, sche la decisiun vegn prendida a sia disfavur.Art. 427 Adossament dals custs a l’accusader privat ed a la persuna petenta Ils custs da procedura ch’èn vegnids chaschunads da l’accusader privat tras sias dumondas davart l’aspect civil al pon vegnir adossads, sche:a. la procedura è vegnida messa ad acta u la persuna inculpada è vegnida acquittada;b. l’accusader privat retira il plant civil avant la terminaziun da la tractativa principala d’emprima instanza;c. il plant civil vegn refusà ubain renvià a la giurisdicziun civila. En cas da delicts che vegnan persequitads sin plant pon ils custs da procedura vegnir adossads a la persuna petenta, sch’ella ha chaschunà da levsenn u per greva negligientscha che la procedura è vegnida iniziada ubain ha difficultà sia realisaziun, u alura a l’accusader privat, sche:a. la procedura è vegnida messa ad acta u la persuna inculpada è vegnida acquittada; eb. la persuna inculpada n’è betg obligada da surpigliar ils custs tenor l’artitgel 426 alinea 2. Sche la persuna petenta retira il plant penal en il rom d’ina enclegientscha ch’è vegnida intermediada da la procura publica, surpiglia per regla la Confederaziun u il chantun ils custs da procedura. Ina cunvegna tranter la persuna petenta e la persuna inculpada davart l’adossament dals custs, sch’il plant penal vegn retratg, sto vegnir approvada da l’autoritad che dispona da la metter ad acta. La cunvegna na dastga betg dischavantagiar la Confederaziun u il chantun.Art. 428 Adossament dals custs en la procedura da meds legals Ils custs da la procedura da meds legals vegnan adossads a las partidas tut tenor sch’ellas han gudagnà u pers. Ina partida vala er sco perdenta vala er quella partida, sche retira il recurs u sch’i na vegn betg entrà en ses recurs. Sch’ina partida che ha fatg recurs obtegna ina decisiun pli favuraivla per ella, pon ils custs da procedura vegnir adossads ad ella, sche:a. las premissas per gudagnar èn vegnidas creadas pir en la procedura da meds legals; ub. la decisiun contestada vegn modifitgada mo minimalmain. Sche l’instanza da recurs prenda sezza ina nova decisiun, dispona ella en quella er davart la regulaziun dals custs ch’è vegnida prendida da l’instanza precedenta. Sch’ella annullescha ina decisiun e sch’ella returna la chaussa a l’instanza precedenta per laschar prender ina nova decisiun, surpiglia la Confederaziun u il chantun ils custs da la procedura da meds legals e, tenor appreziar da l’instanza da recurs, quels da l’instanza precedenta. Sch’ina dumonda da revisiun vegn approvada, decida l’autoritad penala, che sto disponer davart la liquidaziun da la chaussa penala, tenor ses appreziar davart ils custs da l’emprima procedura.3. chapitel Indemnisaziun e reparaziun1. secziun Persuna inculpadaArt. 429 Pretensiuns Sche la persuna inculpada vegn acquittada per part u dal tuttafatg u sche la procedura cunter ella vegn messa ad acta, ha ella il dretg:a. d’ina indemnisaziun fixada tenor la tariffa d’advocats per ils custs impundids per ademplir adequatamain ses dretgs processuals; en connex cun la tariffa d’advocats na vegni betg differenzià tranter l’indemnisaziun concedida ed ils onuraris per la defensiun privata;b. d’ina indemnisaziun da las perditas economicas ch’èn resultadas ad ella pervia da sia participaziun necessaria a la procedura penala;c. d’ina reparaziun per violaziuns spezialmain grevas da sias relaziuns persunalas, cunzunt en cas da privaziun da la libertad. L’autoritad penala examinescha d’uffizi il dretg. Ella po envidar la persuna inculpada da quantifitgar e da cumprovar sias pretensiuns. Sche la persuna inculpada ha incumbensà in defensur privat cun sia defensiun, ha sulettamain il defensur il dretg d’ina indemnisaziun tenor l’alinea 1 litera a, sut la resalva da la facturaziun cun ses client. Cunter la decisiun d’indemnisaziun po il defensur prender il med legal ch’è admissibel cunter la decisiun finala. Versiun tenor la cifra I da la LF dals 17 da zer. 2022, en vigur dapi il 1. da schan. 2024 (AS 2023 468; BBl 2019 6697). Integrà tras la cifra I da la LF dals 17 da zer. 2022, en vigur dapi il 1. da schan. 2024 (AS 2023 468; BBl 2019 6697).Art. 430 Reducziun u refusaziun da l’indemnisaziun u da la reparaziun L’autoritad penala po reducir u refusar l’indemnisaziun u la reparaziun, sche:a. la persuna inculpada ha chaschunà illegalmain u culpaivlamain l’iniziaziun da la procedura u ha difficultà sia realisaziun;b. l’accusader privat sto indemnisar la persuna inculpada; uc. ils custs da la persuna inculpada èn minimals. En la procedura da meds legals pon ultra da quai vegnir reducidas indemnisaziuns e reparaziuns, sche las premissas da l’artitgel 428 alinea 2 èn ademplidas.Art. 431 Indemnisaziun e reparaziun pervia da mesiras repressivas applitgadas illegalmain e pervia d’in arrest da durada excessiva Sch’i èn vegnidas applitgadas illegalmain mesiras repressivas envers la persuna inculpada, la consegna l’autoritad penala ina indemnisaziun ed ina reparaziun adequata. En cas d’in arrest d’inquisiziun e da segirezza po vegnir fatg valair il dretg, sche la durada da l’arrest admissibla è surpassada e sche la privaziun excessiva da la libertad na po betg vegnir quintada tar las sancziuns pronunziadas pervia d’auters malfatgs. Il dretg tenor l’alinea 2 scroda, sche la persuna inculpada:a. vegn sentenziada ad in chasti pecuniar, a lavur d’utilitad publica u ad ina multa, che fiss – convertì – in chasti da detenziun che na fiss betg essenzialmain pli curt che l’arrest d’inquisiziun e da segirezza expià;b. vegn sentenziada ad in chasti da detenziun cundiziunà, dal qual la durada surpassa l’arrest d’inquisiziun e da segirezza expià. Versiun tenor la cifra I da la LF dals 17 da zer. 2022, en vigur dapi il 1. da schan. 2024 (AS 2023 468; BBl 2019 6697).Art. 432 Dretgs envers l’accusader privat ed envers la persuna petenta La persuna inculpada gudagnanta ha il dretg da pretender ina indemnisaziun adequata da l’accusader privat per ils custs ch’èn vegnids chaschunads tras las propostas davart l’aspect civil. Sche la partida inculpada gudogna en l’aspect penal en cas da delicts che vegnan persequitads sin plant, pon la persuna petenta, uschenavant che quella ha chaschunà da levsenn u per greva negligientscha che la procedura è vegnida iniziada u uschenavant ch’ella ha difficultà sia realisaziun, ubain l’accusader privat vegnir obligads da restituir a la persuna inculpada ils custs per l’execuziun adequata da ses dretgs processuals.2. secziun Accusader privat e terzas persunasArt. 433 Accusader privat La persuna inculpada sto indemnisar adequatamain l’accusader privat per las spesas necessarias ch’el ha gì en la procedura, sche:a. el gudogna; ub. la persuna inculpada è obligada da surpigliar ils custs tenor l’artitgel 426 alinea 2. L’accusader privat sto dumandar, quantifitgar e cumprovar tar l’autoritad penala sia pretensiun d’indemnisaziun. Sch’el n’ademplescha betg questa obligaziun, n’entra l’autoritad penala betg en la dumonda.Art. 434 Terzas persunas Terzas persunas han il dretg d’ina restituziun adequata da lur donn che n’è betg garantì d’ina autra moda sco er d’ina reparaziun, sch’ellas han subì donn tras acts processuals u cun sustegnair autoritads penalas. L’artitgel 433 alinea 2 è applitgabel confurm al senn. Davart ils dretgs stoi vegnir decidì en il rom da la decisiun finala. En cas clers po la procura publica decider en chaussa gia en la procedura preliminara.3. secziun Disposiziuns spezialasArt. 435 SurannaziunPretensiuns d’indemnisaziun e da reparaziun envers la Confederaziun u envers il chantun suranneschan suenter 10 onns dapi l’entrada en vigur da la decisiun.Art. 436 Indemnisaziun e reparaziun en la procedura da meds legals Ils dretgs sin indemnisaziun e sin reparaziun en la procedura da meds legals sa drizzan tenor ils artitgels 429–434. Sche la persuna inculpada na vegn betg acquittada dal tuttafatg u per part e sche la procedura na vegn betg messa ad acta, ma sche la persuna inculpada gudogna en auters puncts, ha ella il dretg sin ina indemnisaziun adequata per sias spesas. Sche l’instanza da meds legals annullescha ina decisiun tenor l’artitgel 409, han las partidas il dretg d’ina indemnisaziun adequata per lur spesas en la procedura da meds legals ed en la part annullada da la procedura d’emprima instanza. La persuna inculpada che vegn acquittada u che survegn in chasti main sever suenter ina revisiun, ha il dretg sin ina indemnisaziun adequata per sias spesas en la procedura da revisiun. Ella ha plinavant il dretg sin ina reparaziun e sin ina indemnisaziun per la privaziun da la libertad ch’ella ha subì, nun che questa privaziun da la libertad possia vegnir quintada tar las sancziuns pronunziadas pervia d’auters malfatgs.11. titel Vigur legala ed execuziun da las decisiuns penalas1. chapitel Vigur legalaArt. 437 Entrada Sentenzias ed autras decisiuns che mainan a fin la procedura, cunter las qualas i po vegnir fatg recurs tenor questa lescha, entran en vigur legala, sche:a. il termin per far recurs è scadì senza esser vegnì duvrà;b. la persuna autorisada declera ch’ella desistia d’in recurs u retiria in recurs ch’ella ha prendì;c. l’instanza da recurs n’entra betg en il med legal u al refusescha. La vigur legala cumenza retroactivamain quel di che la decisiun è vegnida prendida. Decisiuns, cunter las qualas i n’è admess nagin med legal tenor questa lescha, entran en vigur legala cur ch’ellas vegnan prendidas.Art. 438 Constataziun L’autoritad penala che ha prendì ina decisiun inscriva il cumenzament da la vigur legala en las actas u en la sentenzia. Sch’igl è vegnì communitgà a las partidas ch’in med legal saja vegnì prendì, las vegn er communitgà il cumenzament da la vigur legala da la sentenzia. Sch’il cumenzament da la vigur legala è dispitaivel, decida quella autoritad en chaussa che ha prendì la decisiun. Cunter la decisiun davart la vigur legala poi vegnir fatg recurs.2. chapitel Execuziun da las decisiuns penalasArt. 439 Execuziun da chastis e da mesiras La Confederaziun ed ils chantuns determineschan las autoritads ch’èn cumpetentas per l’execuziun da chastis e da mesiras sco er da la procedura correspundenta; regulaziuns spezialas en questa lescha ed en il CP restan resalvadas. L’autoritad executiva decretescha in cumond d’execuziun. Chastis e mesiras da detenziun cun vigur legala ston vegnir exequids immediatamain:a. en cas da privel da fugia;b. en cas d’ina periclitaziun considerabla da la publicitad; uc. sche l’intent da las mesiras na po betg vegnir ademplì autramain. Per exequir il cumond d’execuziun po l’autoritad executiva arrestar la persuna sentenziada, la laschar publitgar u pretender sia extradiziun. SR 311.0Art. 440 Arrest da segirezza Per segirar l’execuziun dal chasti u da la mesira po l’autoritad executiva metter la persuna sentenziada en arrest da segirezza, sch’ina da las premissas tenor l’artitgel 439 alinea 3 è ademplida. Ella suttametta il cas entaifer 5 dis dapi l’arrestaziun:a. a la dretgira che ha pronunzià il chasti u la mesira che sto vegnir exequida;b. en cas da mandats penals a la dretgira da mesiras repressivas al lieu da la procura publica che ha decretà il mandat penal. La dretgira decida, sche la persuna sentenziada resta arrestada fin al cumenzament dal chasti u da la mesira. Per dumondas da vegnir relaschà da l’arrest è cumpetenta la dretgira che ha ordinà l’arrest da segirezza. Versiun tenor la cifra I da la LF dals 17 da zer. 2022, en vigur dapi il 1. da schan. 2024 (AS 2023 468; BBl 2019 6697). Versiun tenor la cifra I da la LF dals 17 da zer. 2022, en vigur dapi il 1. da schan. 2024 (AS 2023 468; BBl 2019 6697). Integrà tras la cifra I da la LF dals 17 da zer. 2022, en vigur dapi il 1. da schan. 2024 (AS 2023 468; BBl 2019 6697).Art. 441 Surannaziun da l’execuziun Ils chastis surannads na dastgan betg vegnir exequids. L’autoritad executiva examinescha d’uffizi, sch’il chasti è surannà. La persuna sentenziada po contestar l’execuziun smanatschanta d’in chasti surannà u d’ina mesira surannada tar l’instanza da recurs dal chantun executiv. Questa instanza decida er davart l’effect suspensiv dal recurs. Sche la persuna sentenziada ha expià ina sancziun da detenziun surannada, ha ella il dretg sin ina indemnisaziun e sin ina reparaziun, applitgond l’artitgel 431 confurm al senn.Art. 442 Execuziun da decisiuns davart ils custs da procedura e davart ulteriuras prestaziuns finanzialas Custs da procedura, chastis pecuniars, multas ed ulteriuras prestaziuns finanzialas che ston vegnir furnidas en connex cun ina procedura penala vegnan incassadas tenor las disposiziuns da la LSC. Pretensiuns che resultan da custs da procedura suranneschan 10 onns suenter l’entrada en vigur da la decisiun da custs. Il tschains da retard importa 5 pertschient. La Confederaziun ed ils chantuns determineschan, tge autoritads che incasseschan las prestaziuns finanzialas. Las autoritads penalas pon metter a quint lur pretensiuns che resultan da custs da procedura cun ils dretgs sin indemnisaziun da la partida che sto pajar da la medema procedura penala sco er cun valurs da facultad sequestradas. SR 281.1Art. 443 Execuziun da las sentenzias penalas davart l’aspect civilUschenavant che la sentenzia pertutga pretensiuns civilas, vegn ella exequida tenor il dretg da procedura civila che vala al lieu da l’execuziun sco er tenor la LSC. SR 281.1Art. 444 Publicaziuns uffizialasLa Confederaziun ed ils chantun fixeschan las autoritads che ston far publicaziuns uffizialas.12. titel Disposiziuns finalas1. chapitel Disposiziuns executivasArt. 445Il Cussegl federal ed, uschenavant ch’els èn cumpetents per quai, ils chantuns decreteschan las disposiziuns executivas ch’èn necessarias per exequir questa lescha.2. chapitel Adattaziun da leschasArt. 446 Aboliziun e midada dal dretg vertent L’aboliziun e la midada dal dretg vertent vegnan regladas en l’agiunta 1. L’Assamblea federala po adattar tras in’ordinaziun disposiziuns en leschas federalas che cuntrafan a questa lescha, ma che n’èn betg vegnidas midadas formalmain.Art. 447 Disposiziuns da coordinaziunLa coordinaziun da disposiziuns d’auters decrets cun las disposiziuns da questa lescha vegn reglada en l’agiunta 2.3. chapitel Disposiziuns transitoricas1. secziun Disposiziuns generalas da proceduraArt. 448 Dretg applitgabel Proceduras ch’èn pendentas il mument da l’entrada en vigur da questa lescha, vegnan cuntinuadas tenor il dretg nov, nun che las disposiziuns qua sutvart prevesian insatge auter. Acts processuals ch’èn vegnids ordinads u exequids avant l’entrada en vigur da questa lescha, restan valaivels.Art. 449 Cumpetenza Proceduras ch’èn pendentas il mument da l’entrada en vigur da questa lescha vegnan cuntinuadas da las autoritads ch’èn cumpetentas tenor il dretg nov, nun che las disposiziuns qua sutvart prevesian insatge auter. Conflicts davart la cumpetenza tranter autoritads dal medem chantun decida l’instanza da recurs dal chantun respectiv, tals tranter autoritads da differents chantuns u tranter autoritads chantunalas e federalas il Tribunal penal federal.2. secziun Procedura principala d’emprima instanza e proceduras spezialasArt. 450 Proceduras principalas d’emprima instanzaSche la procedura principala è gia iniziada il mument da l’entrada en vigur da questa lescha, vegn ella cuntinuada tenor il dretg vertent, tras la dretgira d’emprima instanza ch’è stada cumpetenta fin ussa.Art. 451 Decisiuns giudizialas independentas e posteriurasDecisiuns independentas e posteriuras vegnan prendidas – suenter l’entrada en vigur da questa lescha – da l’autoritad penala che fiss stada cumpetenta tenor questa lescha per la sentenzia d’emprima instanza.Art. 452 Procedura contumaziala Dumondas per in nov giudicament suenter ina sentenzia contumaziala, ch’èn pendentas il mument da l’entrada en vigur da questa lescha, vegnan giuditgadas tenor il dretg vertent. Dumondas per in nov giudicament suenter ina sentenzia contumaziala tenor il dretg vertent, che vegnan fatgas suenter l’entrada en vigur da questa lescha, vegnan giuditgadas tenor il dretg ch’è pli favuraivel per la persuna petenta. Per il nov giudicament vala il dretg nov. Cumpetenta è la dretgira che fiss stada cumpetenta tenor questa lescha per la sentenzia contumaziala.3. secziun Procedura da meds legalsArt. 453 Decisiuns prendidas avant l’entrada en vigur da questa lescha Sch’ina decisiun è vegnida prendida avant l’entrada en vigur da questa lescha, vegnan ils meds legals cunter questa decisiun giuditgads tenor il dretg vertent tras l’autoritad ch’è stada cumpetenta fin ussa. Sch’ina procedura vegn refusada da l’instanza da recurs u dal Tribunal federal per laschar far in nov giudicament, vegn applitgà il dretg nov. Il nov giudicament vegn fatg tras l’autoritad che fiss stada cumpetenta tenor questa lescha per la decisiun annullada.Art. 454 Decisiuns prendidas suenter l’entrada en vigur da questa lescha Per ils meds legals cunter decisiuns d’emprima instanza che vegnan prendidas suenter l’entrada en vigur da questa lescha vala il dretg nov. Per meds legals cunter decisiuns d’emprima instanza ch’èn vegnidas prendidas tenor il dretg vertent tras instanzas giudizialas superiuras suenter l’entrada en vigur da questa lescha, vala il dretg vertent.4. secziun Protestas cunter mandats penals; procedura da plant penal privataArt. 455 Protestas cunter mandats penalsPer protestas cunter mandats penals vala l’artitgel 453 confurm al senn.Art. 456 Procedura da plant penal privataProceduras da plant penal privatas tenor il dretg chantunal vertent, ch’èn pendentas tar ina dretgira d’emprima instanza il mument da l’entrada en vigur da questa lescha, vegnan cuntinuadas tenor il dretg vertent tras la dretgira ch’è stada cumpetenta fin ussa, fin che la procedura d’emprima instanza è terminada.5. secziun Disposiziun transitorica da la midada dals 28 da settember 2012 Integrà tras la cifra I 2 da la LF dals 28 da sett. 2012 (prescripziuns da protocollaziun), en vigur dapi il 1. da matg 2013 (AS 2013 851; BBl 2012 5707 5719).Art. 456aEn proceduras ch’èn pendentas il mument che la midada dals 28 da settember 2012 da questa lescha entra en vigur, vegnan las interrogaziuns regladas tenor il dretg nov a partir dal mument da l’entrada en vigur.4. chapitel Referendum ed entrada en vigurArt. 457 Questa lescha è suttamessa al referendum facultativ. Il Cussegl federal fixescha l’entrada en vigur.Entrada en vigur: 1. da schaner 2011 COCF dals 31 da mars 2010.Agiunta 1(art. 446 al. 1)Aboliziun e midada dal dretg vertentILas leschas federalas qua sutvart vegnan abolidas:1. Lescha federala dals 15 da zercladur 1934 davart la procedura penala2. Lescha federala dals 20 da zercladur 2003 davart l’investigaziun secretaIILas leschas federalas qua sutvart vegnan midadas sco suonda:... [BS 3 303; AS 1971 777 cifra III 4; 1974 1857 agiunta cifra 2; 1978 688 art. 88 cifra 4; 1979 1170; 1992 288 agiunta cifra 15, 2465 agiunta cifra 2; 1993 1993; 1997 2465 agiunta cifra 7; 2000 505 cifra I 3, 2719 cifra II 3, 2725 cifra II; 2001 118 cifra I 3, 3071 cifra II 1, 3096 agiunta cifra 2, 3308; 2003 2133 agiunta cifra 9; 2004 1633 cifra I 4; 2005 5685 agiunta cifra 19; 2006 1205 agiunta cifra 10; 2007 6087; 2008 1607 agiunta cifra 1, 4989 agiunta 1 cifra 6, 5463 agiunta cifra 3; 2009 6605 agiunta cifra II 3] [AS 2004 1409; 2006 2197 agiunta cifra 29; 2007 5437 agiunta cifra II 6; 2006 5437 art. 2 cifra 2. AS 2010 1881 agiunta 1 cifra I 2] Las midadas pon vegnir consultadas sut AS 2010 1881.Agiunta 2(art. 447)Disposiziuns da coordinaziun1.  Coordinaziun da l’artitgel 305 alinea 2 litera b dal Cudesch da procedura penala svizzer cun la nova Lescha federala davart l’agid a victimas da delictsLa nova LAVi è entrada en vigur il 1. da schan. 2009.Independentamain dal fatg, sche la nova Lescha federala dals 23 da mars 2007 davart l’agid a victimas da delicts (nova LAVi) u sch’il Cudesch da procedura penala svizzer dals 5 d’october 2007 (CPP) entra en vigur sco emprim, vegn midà l’artitgel 305 alinea 2 litera b CPP – tras la lescha che entra en vigur pli tard u en cas che las duas leschas entran en vigur a medem temp – sco suonda:...SR 312.52.  Coordinaziun da la cifra 9 da l’agiunta 1 cun la nova LAViIndependentamain dal fatg, sche la nova LAVi u sch’il CPP entra en vigur sco emprim, daventa obsoleta la cifra 9 da l’agiunta 1 dal CPP – tras la lescha che entra en vigur pli tard u en cas che las duas leschas entran en vigur a medem temp – e la nova LAVi vegn midada tenor la cifra 10 da l’agiunta 1 dal CPP.3.  Coordinaziun da la Procedura penala militara dals 23 da mars 1979 (agiunta 1 cifra 12) cun la nova LAVi SR 322.1Independentamain dal fatg, sche la nova LAVi u sch’il CPP entra en vigur sco emprim, vegnan midads ils artitgels 84a, 104 alinea 3 e 118 alinea 2 tenor la cifra 12 da l’agiunta 1 dal CPP – tras la lescha che entra en vigur pli tard u en cas che las duas leschas entran en vigur a medem temp – sco suonda:...