sweetapricity/bridgedeck-noaa huggingface dataset:
A low tracked into Prince William Sound on Dec 12 as it rotated around a deep upper-level trough centered over Western Alaska. Snow spread west from the Copper Basin as the trough became northwest-southeast oriented. Out west, the upper-level trough contributed to a strong push of cold air across the Bering Sea, which lead to blowing snow with widespread snow showers across the Alaska Peninsula.

Winter Weather in ANCHORAGE, ALASKA
From 12-DEC-23 10:16:00 to 12-DEC-23 21:11:00 (AKST-9)
Property damage: 0.00K
Crop damage: 0.00K
Reported by: NWS Employee

NWS employee measured 6 of snow located 3 miles east of office over a 9 hour period. Storm totals: 9.9 Strawberry and Northwood, 9-11 inches in southeast Anchorage. 11-14 inches on the Anchorage upper hillside. 8.8 inches in Eagle River. Information from LSRs.

Winter Weather in EAST TURNAGAIN ARM, ALASKA
From 12-DEC-23 10:16:00 to 12-DEC-23 16:57:00 (AKST-9)
Property damage: 0.00K
Crop damage: 0.00K
Reported by: ASOS

The observation at PATO: 8:53am W 7G25 and ended at 12:53pm.

Winter Weather in WESTERN PRINCE WILLIAM SOUND, ALASKA
From 12-DEC-23 08:33:00 to 12-DEC-23 12:03:00 (AKST-9)
Property damage: 0.00K
Crop damage: 0.00K
Reported by: Mesonet

Whittier MAWS reported visibility one half mile or lower with winds gusting in excess of 31 knots (36 mph) on the morning of December 12 through shortly after noon. Similar visibilities were observed at Portage Glacier during the same time period.

Winter Weather in ALASKA PENINSULA, ALASKA
From 12-DEC-23 12:05:00 to 12-DEC-23 16:20:00 (AKST-9)
Property damage: 0.00K
Crop damage: 0.00K
Reported by: ASOS

The Cold Bay ASOS reported visibility one half mile or less with winds gusting as high as 45 knots (52 mph) during a period of snow showers during the afternoon of December 12. Blizzard-like conditions were observed at times in Cold Bay and King Cove.

Blizzard in BRISTOL BAY, ALASKA
From 13-DEC-23 11:05:00 to 13-DEC-23 16:10:00 (AKST-9)
Property damage: 0.00K
Crop damage: 0.00K
Reported by: AWOS

Convective snow showers induced by cold air passing over the relatively warm sea surface temperatures of the Bering Sea led to a five hour period of blizzard conditions recorded at the Port Heiden AWOS on December 13, during which winds gusted as high as 37 knots (43 mph). This was preceded by intermittent periods of blizzard-like conditions on December 12 and into the morning of December 13, caused by the showery nature of the snowfall. Observations to the north and south along the Alaska Peninsula did not show visibility drop below 3/4 mile.
Severe drought conditions continued during the month however enough rainfall fell towards the middle to end of the month to improve conditions back to moderate drought. Moderate (D1) drought and Abnormally Dry (D0) conditions continued in some locations while much of the remainder of the area saw the removal of all drought conditions. The primary impacts of the drought occurred in the agricultural communities. Farm and stock ponds continued to see impacts along with ground water levels and reservoirs.

Drought in BOURBON, KANSAS
From 01-DEC-23 00:00:00 to 31-DEC-23 23:59:00 (CST-6)
Property damage: 0.00K
Crop damage: 4.80M
Reported by: Drought Monitor

Enough rain fell towards the middle to end of the month to improve conditions back to Moderate (D1) Drought. Farm and stock ponds continued to see impacts along with ground water levels and reservoirs. Crop loss estimates notated in this month encompass losses from initial drought development in the spring of 2023.
A mix of light snow and mist was reported by automated weather observation stations in southwest Wisconsin on the morning of December 5th, 2023. A slide off accident was reported along Vernon County Road V in Hillsboro, WI (Vernon County).

Winter Weather in VERNON, WISCONSIN
From 05-DEC-23 12:00:00 to 05-DEC-23 12:15:00 (CST-6)
Property damage: 0.00K
Crop damage: 0.00K
Reported by: Law Enforcement

A mix of light snow and mist was reported by automated weather observation stations in southwest Wisconsin on the morning of December 5th, 2023. A slide off accident was reported by the Vernon County Sherriff's Office along Vernon County Road V in Hillsboro, WI. The automobile left the roadway while attempting a turn, crashing into a residential garage. The lone vehicle occupant sustained serious injuries.
High winds developed in and near the Front Range Foothills.  Peak wind gusts included:  91 mph, 3 miles southeast of Tolland; 88 mph, 4 miles north-northwest of White Ranch Open Space; and 81 mph near Brainard Lake.  Other noteable gusts included 74 mph near Berthoud Pass, 72 mph near Pinecliffe, and 69 mph at the junction of highways 93 and 72.

High Wind in LARIMER & BOULDER COUNTIES BETWEEN 6000 & 9000 FEET, COLORADO
From 10-DEC-23 05:55:00 to 10-DEC-23 08:15:00 (MST-7)
Magnitude: 70.00 MG
Reported by: Mesonet

A peak wind gust to 81 mph occurred near Brainard Lake.

High Wind in JEFFERSON & W DOUGLAS COUNTIES ABOVE 6000 FEET / GILPIN / CLEAR CREEK / NE PARK COUNTIES BELOW 9000 FEET, COLORADO
From 10-DEC-23 05:55:00 to 10-DEC-23 08:15:00 (MST-7)
Magnitude: 79.00 MG
Reported by: AWOS

A peak wind gust to 91 mph occurred near Tolland, with gust up to 88 mph near White Ranch Open Space.
A wildfire began from lightning in the Gunnison National Forest, 11 miles southwest of Crested Butte, Colorado.

Wildfire in WEST ELK AND SAWATCH MOUNTAINS, COLORADO
From 01-DEC-23 00:00:00 to 02-DEC-23 09:35:00 (MST-7)
Property damage: 2.00M
Crop damage: 0.00K
Reported by: Law Enforcement

The Lowline Fire started in late July from lightning in the Gunnison National Forest, 11 miles southwest of Crested Butte, Colorado. The fire grew to 1,999 acres before it was contained in early December.
An area of low pressure moved along the Atlantic seaboard bringing widespread rainfall amounts of 1.5 to 4 inches. This resulted in numerous creeks, streams, and rivers reaching minor to moderate flood stage. Numerous roads were closed in areas as well.

Flood in DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA, DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA
From 17-DEC-23 11:38:00 to 18-DEC-23 09:00:00 (EST-5)
Location: WALTER REED
Flood cause: Heavy Rain
Property damage: 0.00K
Crop damage: 0.00K
Reported by: 911 Call Center

Rock Creek/Sherrill Drive along Rock Creek reached minor flood stage, cresting around 8.24 feet at 12:45 AM. Rock Creek at Sherrill Drive remained above flood stage through 9:00 AM. Joyce Road along Rock Creek reached minor flood stage, cresting around 7.10 feet at 1:05 AM. Rock Creek at Joyce Road remained above flood stage through 6:00 AM.
As precipitation wound down across northwest Colorado on the afternoon of the 14th, clearing skies and trapped low level moisture led to the development of dense fog along the Yampa River Basin.

Dense Fog in CENTRAL YAMPA RIVER BASIN, COLORADO
From 14-DEC-23 19:00:00 to 15-DEC-23 06:00:00 (MST-7)
Property damage: 0.00K
Crop damage: 0.00K
Reported by: ASOS

Dense fog was observed across the Lower Yampa River Basin, including at the Craig-Moffat County Airport where visibility was reduced to less than one quarter of a mile for several hours. The AWOS at Hayden - Yampa Valley Airport also reported several hours of visibility less than one quarter of a mile during the period.

Dense Fog in UPPER YAMPA RIVER BASIN, COLORADO
From 14-DEC-23 19:00:00 to 15-DEC-23 06:00:00 (MST-7)
Property damage: 0.00K
Crop damage: 0.00K
Reported by: AWOS

Dense fog was observed across the Upper Yampa River basin, including at the Steamboat Springs Airport - Bob Adams Field AWOS where visibility was reduced to less than one quarter of a mile.
A low pressure system earlier in the week brough widespread rain and snow to the valleys of southwest Colorado. In the wake of this system, clearing skies and colder temperatures combined with the moisture provided by the recent precipitation to create dense fog in the area.

Dense Fog in ANIMAS RIVER BASIN, COLORADO
From 15-DEC-23 22:00:00 to 16-DEC-23 06:00:00 (MST-7)
Property damage: 0.00K
Crop damage: 0.00K
Reported by: ASOS

Dense fog was observed throughout the Animas River Basin, including at the Durango - La Plata County Airport where visibility was reduced to less than one quarter of a mile for several hours. Various Colorado Department of Transportation Webcams along the US Highway 160 corridor also showed areas of dense fog in the zone.

Dense Fog in FOUR CORNERS / UPPER DOLORES RIVER BASIN, COLORADO
From 15-DEC-23 22:00:00 to 16-DEC-23 06:00:00 (MST-7)
Property damage: 0.00K
Crop damage: 0.00K
Reported by: ASOS

Dense fog was observed across the Four Corners region and into the Upper Dolores River Basin, including at the Cortez - Montezuma County Airport where visibility was reduced to less than one quarter of a mile for several hours.
As inversions set up across many of the valleys of eastern Utah and western Colorado, the dense snowpack present in the Four Corners region continued to provide extra moisture beneath the inversion layer, leading to prolonged periods of dense fog.

Dense Fog in FOUR CORNERS / UPPER DOLORES RIVER BASIN, COLORADO
From 16-DEC-23 21:00:00 to 18-DEC-23 12:00:00 (MST-7)
Property damage: 0.00K
Crop damage: 0.00K
Reported by: ASOS

Dense fog once again formed in the Four Corners and Upper Dolores Basin of southwestern Colorado on the evening of December 16th, but unlike previous events this dense fog did not lift for almost two days. The ASOS located at the Cortez - Montezuma County Airport reported visibilities reduced to less than one quarter of a mile for several hours during this period.
As inversions set up across many of the valleys of eastern Utah and western Colorado, the dense snowpack present in the Four Corners region continued to provide extra moisture beneath the inversion layer, leading to prolonged periods of dense fog.

Dense Fog in SOUTHEAST UTAH, UTAH
From 16-DEC-23 21:00:00 to 18-DEC-23 16:00:00 (MST-7)
Property damage: 0.00K
Crop damage: 0.00K
Reported by: Department of Highways

Dense fog was observed across Southeast Utah, mainly using Utah Department of Transportation Webcams and satellite imagery. The dense fog that resulted in this event was part of the same pool that led the Cortez - Montezuma County Airport ASOS in Cortez, CO to report visibilities reduced to less than one quarter of a mile.
A burst of heavy wet snow and gusty winds led to difficult travel and a few reports of wind damage during the afternoon and evening hours of March 3rd. Snow accumulations ranged between 4 and 10 inches.

Heavy Snow in HILLSDALE, MICHIGAN
From 03-MAR-23 14:00:00 to 03-MAR-23 23:00:00 (EST-5)
Property damage: 0.00K
Crop damage: 0.00K
Reported by: CoCoRaHS

Heavy wet snow, wind gusts of 30 to 50 mph, and visibilities reduced to less than a quarter of a mile at times created difficult travel. There were a few reports of power outages and wind damage. Storm total snow accumulations generally ranged between 8 and 10 inches across the county, with thundersnow and snowfall rates in excess of 1 inch per hour at times. There was a report of 10.0 inches of snow 6 miles east-northeast of Jonesville.

Heavy Snow in BRANCH, MICHIGAN
From 03-MAR-23 14:00:00 to 03-MAR-23 23:00:00 (EST-5)
Property damage: 0.00K
Crop damage: 0.00K
Reported by: Public

Heavy wet snow, wind gusts of 30 to 50 mph, and visibilities reduced to less than a quarter of a mile at times created difficult travel. There were a few reports of power outages and wind damage. Storm total snow accumulations generally ranged between 7 and 9 inches across the county, with thundersnow and snowfall rates in excess of 1 inch per hour at times. There was a report of 8.5 inches of snow in Kinderhook.

Heavy Snow in ST. JOSEPH, MICHIGAN
From 03-MAR-23 14:00:00 to 03-MAR-23 23:00:00 (EST-5)
Property damage: 0.00K
Crop damage: 0.00K
Reported by: Public

Heavy wet snow, wind gusts of 30 to 50 mph, and visibilities reduced to less than a quarter of a mile at times created difficult travel. There were a few reports of power outages and wind damage. Storm total snow accumulations generally ranged between 5 and 8 inches across the county, with thundersnow and snowfall rates in excess of 1 inch per hour at times. There was a report of 6.7 inches of snow in Constantine.

Heavy Snow in CASS, MICHIGAN
From 03-MAR-23 14:00:00 to 03-MAR-23 23:00:00 (EST-5)
Property damage: 0.00K
Crop damage: 0.00K
Reported by: Public

Heavy wet snow, wind gusts of 30 to 50 mph, and visibilities reduced to less than a quarter of a mile at times created difficult travel. There were a few reports of power outages and wind damage. Storm total snow accumulations generally ranged between 4 and 7 inches across the county, with thundersnow and snowfall rates in excess of 1 inch per hour at times.
Strong winds in the upper levels of the atmosphere remained over New Mexico December 3rd. A segment of these stronger winds were able to reach the surface in western Guadalupe County in the late morning to early afternoon. Two mesonet stations recorded peak gusts of 62 and 67 mph.

High Wind in GUADALUPE COUNTY, NEW MEXICO
From 03-DEC-23 11:30:00 to 03-DEC-23 14:55:00 (MST-7)
Magnitude: 58.00 MG
Reported by: Mesonet

A mesonet station southeast of Vaughn measured a peak gust of 67 mph. Gusts of 58 mph or higher were measured consistently during this time frame.

High Wind in GUADALUPE COUNTY, NEW MEXICO
From 03-DEC-23 10:00:00 to 03-DEC-23 10:05:00 (MST-7)
Magnitude: 54.00 MG
Reported by: Mesonet

A mesonet station near Thompson Cattle Ranch measured a peak gust of 62 mph.
A strong section of the jetstream overrode the Central Mountain Chain of New Mexico on December 8th. A portion of these winds were able to reach sections of the highlands immediately east of the Central Mountain Chain. The Las Vegas Airport ASOS and a mesonet station in southwestern Guadalupe County both measured peak gusts of 58 mph. Thankfully no damage was reported.

High Wind in NORTHEAST HIGHLANDS, NEW MEXICO
From 08-DEC-23 14:55:00 to 08-DEC-23 14:57:00 (MST-7)
Magnitude: 50.00 MG
Property damage: 0.00K
Crop damage: 0.00K
Reported by: ASOS

The Las Vegas ASOS measured a peak gust of 58 mph.

High Wind in NORTHEAST HIGHLANDS, NEW MEXICO
From 08-DEC-23 17:23:00 to 08-DEC-23 17:25:00 (MST-7)
Magnitude: 50.00 MG
Property damage: 0.00K
Crop damage: 0.00K
Reported by: ASOS

The Las Vegas ASOS measured a peak gust of 58 mph.

High Wind in GUADALUPE COUNTY, NEW MEXICO
From 08-DEC-23 13:05:00 to 08-DEC-23 13:07:00 (MST-7)
Magnitude: 50.00 MG
Property damage: 0.00K
Crop damage: 0.00K
Reported by: Mesonet

The SE Vaughn mesonet measured a peak gust of 58 mph.
A strong area of low pressure moved through on December 27-28, dropping 1 to 2 inches of rainfall. The runoff from the rain plus the full moon resulted in elevated tidal levels on the Delaware River, where some moderate coastal flooding was observed.

Coastal Flood in LOWER BUCKS, PENNSYLVANIA
From 28-DEC-23 14:00:00 to 28-DEC-23 20:00:00 (EST-5)
Property damage: 0.00K
Crop damage: 0.00K
Reported by: Broadcast Media

Widespread roadway flooding occurred in the tidal communities of lower Bucks County. The tide gauge at Burlington reached 10.49 feet MLLW.

Coastal Flood in PHILADELPHIA, PENNSYLVANIA
From 28-DEC-23 14:00:00 to 28-DEC-23 20:00:00 (EST-5)
Property damage: 0.00K
Crop damage: 0.00K
Reported by: Broadcast Media

Widespread roadway flooding occurred in the tidal areas of Philadelphia. The tide at Bridesburg reached 9.55 feet MLLW.
A strong area of low pressure moved through on December 27-28, dropping 1 to 2 inches of rainfall. The runoff from the rain plus the full moon resulted in elevated tidal levels on the Delaware River, where some moderate coastal flooding was observed.

Coastal Flood in NORTHWESTERN BURLINGTON, NEW JERSEY
From 28-DEC-23 14:00:00 to 28-DEC-23 20:00:00 (EST-5)
Property damage: 0.00K
Crop damage: 0.00K
Reported by: Broadcast Media

Widespread roadway flooding occurred in the tidal communities of northwestern Burlington County. The tide gauge at Burlington reached 10.49 feet MLLW.

Coastal Flood in CAMDEN, NEW JERSEY
From 28-DEC-23 14:00:00 to 28-DEC-23 20:00:00 (EST-5)
Property damage: 0.00K
Crop damage: 0.00K
Reported by: Broadcast Media

Widespread roadway flooding occurred in the tidal communities of Camden County. The tide gauge at Bridesburg (Philadelphia) reached 9.55 feet MLLW.
A strong synoptic system brought widespread heavy rainfall and some flooding to the region. As the system departed, cold advection began and changed the rain over to snow from northwest to southeast. Across the Pocono Plateau (especially above 1,500 feet), snowfall accumulations of 3 to 5 inches were observed. Some light snowfall accumulations up to 1 inch also occurred in the typical higher elevation locations of eastern Pennsylvania and northern New Jersey. 5 inches of snow was measured at High Point in New Jersey, but all other measurements were less than 1 inch.

Winter Weather in MONROE, PENNSYLVANIA
From 11-DEC-23 00:00:00 to 11-DEC-23 07:00:00 (EST-5)
Property damage: 0.00K
Crop damage: 0.00K
Reported by: CoCoRaHS

Rain changed to snow early during the morning of the 11th and continued until near daybreak. Snowfall measurements ranged from 1.0 inch at Canadensis to 4.8 inches 1 mile north of Mount Pocono. Totals across the Pocono Plateau were generally 3 to 5 inches. Only a non-measurable trace was observed at East Stroudsburg.

Winter Weather in CARBON, PENNSYLVANIA
From 11-DEC-23 03:00:00 to 11-DEC-23 06:00:00 (EST-5)
Property damage: 0.00K
Crop damage: 0.00K
Reported by: CoCoRaHS

Rain changed to snow early during the morning of the 11th and continued until near daybreak. Snowfall measurements ranged from 0.2 inches at Jim Thorpe to 4.6 inches 2 miles WNW north of Lake Harmony. Totals across the Pocono Plateau were generally 3 to 5 inches.
An area of low pressure passing over the region resulted in strong onshore flow and a push of water onshore and up the Delaware Bay and Delaware River, where moderate coastal flooding was observed.

Coastal Flood in LOWER BUCKS, PENNSYLVANIA
From 18-DEC-23 10:00:00 to 18-DEC-23 16:00:00 (EST-5)
Property damage: 0.00K
Crop damage: 0.00K
Reported by: Broadcast Media

Widespread roadway flooding occurred in the tidal communities of northwestern Burlington County. The tide gauge at Burlington reached 11.01 feet MLLW, and the tide gauge at Newbold (Bucks County, Pennsylvania) reached 11.74 feet MLLW.

Coastal Flood in PHILADELPHIA, PENNSYLVANIA
From 18-DEC-23 04:00:00 to 18-DEC-23 12:00:00 (EST-5)
Property damage: 0.00K
Crop damage: 0.00K
Reported by: Broadcast Media

Widespread roadway flooding occurred in the tidal areas of Philadelphia. The tide gauge at the US Coast Guard Station reached 9.59 feet MLLW.

Coastal Flood in DELAWARE, PENNSYLVANIA
From 18-DEC-23 04:00:00 to 18-DEC-23 12:00:00 (EST-5)
Property damage: 0.00K
Crop damage: 0.00K
Reported by: Broadcast Media

Widespread roadway flooding occurred in the tidal communities of Delaware County. The tide gauge at the US Coast Guard Station in Philadelphia reached 9.59 feet MLLW and tide gauge at Marcus Hook reached 8.72 feet MLLW.
Severe drought continued through the entire month of December for 3 counties of northeastern MO and 3 counties of central MO.

Drought in ADAIR, MISSOURI
From 01-DEC-23 00:00:00 to 31-DEC-23 23:59:00 (CST-6)
Reported by: Drought Monitor

Severe drought continued through all of December 2023 for portions of Adair County.

Drought in SCHUYLER, MISSOURI
From 01-DEC-23 00:00:00 to 31-DEC-23 23:59:00 (CST-6)
Reported by: Drought Monitor

Extreme drought continued through all of December 2023 for Schuyler County.

Drought in PUTNAM, MISSOURI
From 01-DEC-23 00:00:00 to 31-DEC-23 23:59:00 (CST-6)
Reported by: Drought Monitor

Severe drought continued through all of December 2023 for the eastern half of Putnam County.

Drought in COOPER, MISSOURI
From 01-DEC-23 00:00:00 to 31-DEC-23 23:59:00 (CST-6)
Reported by: Drought Monitor

Severe drought continued through all of December 2023 for Cooper County.

Drought in HOWARD, MISSOURI
From 01-DEC-23 00:00:00 to 31-DEC-23 23:59:00 (CST-6)
Reported by: Drought Monitor

Severe drought continued through all of December 2023 in Howard County.

Drought in PETTIS, MISSOURI
From 01-DEC-23 00:00:00 to 31-DEC-23 23:59:00 (CST-6)
Reported by: Drought Monitor

Severe drought continued through all of December 2023 in Pettis County.
Severe drought continued for most of Atchison and Leavenworth Counties in far eastern Kansas for most of December 2023.

Drought in ATCHISON, KANSAS
From 01-DEC-23 00:00:00 to 26-DEC-23 00:00:00 (CST-6)
Reported by: Drought Monitor

Severe drought continued for most of Atchison County in far eastern Kansas for most of December 2023.

Drought in LEAVENWORTH, KANSAS
From 01-DEC-23 00:00:00 to 26-DEC-23 00:00:00 (CST-6)
Reported by: Drought Monitor

Severe drought continued for most of Leavenworth County in far eastern Kansas for most of December 2023.
A strong low pressure system moved across the northern Bering Sea resulting in heavy snow, strong winds, blowing snow, and blizzard conditions to areas along the West Coast from the Y-K Delta to the Bering Sea Coast and St. Lawrence Island.

High Wind in ST. LAWRENCE ISLAND, ALASKA
From 08-DEC-23 01:24:00 to 09-DEC-23 01:43:00 (AKST-9)
Magnitude: 72.00 MG
Property damage: 0.00K
Crop damage: 0.00K
Reported by: C-MAN Station

The Gambell Marine Exchange C-MAN station (GBXA2) reported high winds in excess of 60 mph. A peak wind gust of 83 mph was reported.

Blizzard in BERING STRAIT COAST, ALASKA
From 07-DEC-23 00:11:00 to 07-DEC-23 07:55:00 (AKST-9)
Property damage: 0.00K
Crop damage: 0.00K
Reported by: AWOS

The Teller (PATE) AWOS reported wind gusts of up to 64 mph. Blizzard conditions accompanied the strong winds for a number of hours.
A front moving north across the Interior and Brooks Range produced heavy snow across the southern slopes of the Brooks Range and portions of the Upper Koyukuk Valley.

Heavy Snow in SOUTH SLOPES OF THE CENTRAL BROOKS RANGE, ALASKA
From 26-DEC-23 00:00:00 to 26-DEC-23 07:00:00 (AKST-9)
Property damage: 0.00K
Crop damage: 0.00K
Reported by: COOP Observer

The Wiseman (WSMA2) COOP observer reported a 24 hour snowfall amount of 8 inches.

Heavy Snow in DALTON HIGHWAY SUMMITS, ALASKA
From 26-DEC-23 00:00:00 to 26-DEC-23 07:30:00 (AKST-9)
Property damage: 0.00K
Crop damage: 0.00K
Reported by: Department of Highways

Department of Transportation reported between 6 and 8 inches of snow on roadways.

Heavy Snow in CENTRAL BROOKS RANGE, ALASKA
From 26-DEC-23 00:00:00 to 26-DEC-23 12:00:00 (AKST-9)
Property damage: 0.00K
Crop damage: 0.00K
Reported by: Department of Highways

Department of Transportation reported 9 inches of snowfall at 6 am at Atigun Pass with another 3 inches of snow by noon, for a storm total of 12 inches.