Torrential rainfall from Hurricane Alex and remains, followed by daily peltings of rain across the front range of the Sierra Madre Oriental, and concluding with the remnants of Tropical Depression Number 2 dropped perhaps 50 or more inches of rain across Coahuila Province, Mexico, which flowed steadily through the Rio Grande basin, requiring a series of planned flood control actions to mitigate the possibility of severe river flooding across the Lower and Middle Rio Grande Valley. Severe flooding in Monterrey, Nuevo Leon, M��xico from June 30th through July 2nd, from an estimated 30 inches of rain in this area was a portent of future impacts on the Rio Grande during the weeks to come.
Releases of water from reservoirs behind dams on both sides of the border began soon after the heaviest rains from Alex ended. On July 4th, releases began at the Marte R. Gomez Reservoir, flowing into Mexican Floodways but also toward the Rio Grande bordering Starr and western Hidalgo County. On July 5th, water levels had increased sufficiently at Amistad Dam, located much farther upstream near Del Rio, Texas, to begin releases down the river. By the 7th, with waters from Amistad having created major flooding in and near Laredo, Falcon Reservoir, located along the Rio Grande including Starr and Zapata County, began releasing water. The initial rate of 15,000 cubic feet per second (cfs) was initially within capacity of the United States side of the flood control system, and the expectation for a potentially critical flood area between Falcon and Anzalduas Reservoir just upstream from Mission (Hidalgo County) was high water, but little if any flooding.
That would quickly change on July 8th, when releases from Falcon Dam were more than doubled to 39,700 cfs (1125 cubic meters per second, cms). Soon after, the river surged to major flood levels in Starr and extreme western Hidalgo County, where the river widened significantly and flooded rangeland, as well as several small communities along its banks, during the weekend of July 10th and 11th. By July 14th, outflow from Falcon Dam was raised to 60,000 cfs (1700 cms) in order to relieve pressure on the dam from the reservoir pool, which had risen steadily above flood stage of 301.2 feet during the morning of July 12th . This release rate would continue until July 27th, followed by gradually reduced rates over the next several days. By August 2nd, releases were brought down to 30,000 cfs.
In all, major flooding continued for nearly a month, starting at 730 AM CDT on July 9th and continuing through August 3rd! Flood conditions (50 feet or higher) continued a few days beyond, with levels dropping below flood stage on August 10th at 330 am CDT. In total, the river was in flood at Rio Grande City, and at points immediately upstream in Starr County, from the afternoon of July 8th through the early morning of August 10th, 33 days in total!
A number of small communities along the Rio Grande west of the Lower Rio Grande Valley Flood Control System were impacted by the now sprawling river for most of July, soon after the large releases began at Falcon International Reservoir. These included locations from Starr County immediately downstream of the dam, extending along the river to the Hidalgo County line.   Voluntary and mandatory evacuations were ordered for a number of threatened communities; as of this writing, no fatalities had been reported directly from the high waters.  There were dozens of water rescues on the river through the period, many of them transmigrants attempting to cross from Mexico into Texas.
On August 3rd, President Obama declared most counties in the Rio Grande Valley a Major Disaster, eligible for federal funding to assist with the longer term recovery. Deep South Texas Counties included Starr and Zapata (due to flooding). Property and Crop damages from the flood in Starr and Zapata Counties will ultimately total over $50 million when all assessments are completed. As of July 29th, property damage estimates in Starr County had reached $37 million; additional property damage values had not been received from Zapata County. Crops planted in flood zones were destroyed by the long duration of nutrient rich waters.  As of September 17th, FEMA had approved more than $8.3 million in state and federal grants for Texans affected by the flooding.  The value will likely rise as assessments continue across Starr, Zapata and Webb County, which will likely take most of the disbursements.

Flood in STARR, TEXAS
From 08-JUL-10 13:20:00 to 31-JUL-10 23:59:00 (CST-6)
Location: FALCON HGTS
Flood cause: Planned Dam Release
Property damage: 37.00M
Crop damage: 500.00K
Reported by: River/Stream Gage

Incredible rainfall estimated to be more than 50 inches in around 10 days' time between June 30th and July 9th across the front range and peaks of the Sierra Madre Oriental in Coahuila Province, Mexico, ultimately flowed through the entire Lower Rio Grande basin for much of the summer of 2010. The rare and extreme event rapidly produced major flooding along the river in Starr County, the result of planned dam releases from Falcon International Reservoir, which lasted for nearly a month, beginning on July 9th and continuing through August 3rd.
Releases of water from reservoirs behind dams on both sides of the border began soon after the heaviest rains from Alex ended. On July 4th, releases began at the Marte R. Gomez Reservoir, flowing into Mexican Floodways but also toward the Rio Grande bordering Starr and western Hidalgo County. On July 5th, water levels had increased sufficiently at Amistad Dam, located much farther upstream near Del Rio, Texas, to begin releases down the river. By the 7th, with waters from Amistad having created major flooding in and near Laredo, Falcon Reservoir, located along the Rio Grande including Starr and Zapata County, began releasing water.
The initial rate of 15,000 cubic feet per second (cfs) was initially within capacity of the United States side of the flood control system, and the expectation for a potentially critical flood area between Falcon and Anzalduas Reservoir just upstream from Mission (Hidalgo County) was high water, but little if any flooding. That would quickly change on July 8th, when releases from Falcon Dam were more than doubled to 39,700 cfs (1125 cubic meters per second, cms). Soon after these releases were increased,the river quickly rose from just above flood stage (50 feet) at Rio Grande City to above major flood stage (53 feet) on July 9th.  The time it took to rise from flood stage (1320 CST July 8th) to above major flood (630 AM July 9th) was a little more than 17 hours.
By July 14th, outflow from Falcon Dam was raised to 60,000 cfs (1700 cms) in order to relieve pressure on the dam from the reservoir pool, which had risen steadily above conservation stage of 301.2 feet at 822 AM CST July 12th.  This release rate would both raise and swell the Rio Grande downstream; reports from local emergency management noted the river up to 2 miles wide in some spots. Prior to the peak outflow, the river crested at 57.63 feet at 6 AM July 11th, the second highest level ever recorded.  A secondary peak occurred five days later - 57.31 feet at 4 PM CST July 16th.
All this water would continue to remain high and spread, and hundreds, of structures were impacted during the event.  The city of La Grulla was under mandatory evacuation by July 15th as increasing water levels and currents threatened more of the community than earlier in the week; these orders would continue until July 22nd when the waters began to recede slowly. As a precautionary measure in the city of Roma, three small subdivisions located in the low lying areas and along the bank just south of the Port of Entry were placed under mandatory evacuation. These included De La Cruz sub-division about (20 to 25 homes), Campo Verde (4 homes), and Garza sub-division (1 home).  By July 22nd, the flooding in Starr County had impacted 178 homes/businesses, including 65 in La Grulla and 39 in Roma.  166 families required temporary housing.  Preliminary damages to highways and bridges in Starr County was at $19 million; preliminary public and private property estimates were listed at an additional $18 million.  Agricultural damage was also notable in flooded areas.  Full accounting of both crop and property damage will be available during autumn, 2010.