# What Is a Chartered Accountant (CA) and What Do They Do?

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*The specific requirements to become a CA may vary depending on the country and the professional entity you are pursuing. — Investopedia / Mira Norian*

> **Definition**
>
> A chartered accountant (CA) is a financial professional who is qualified to execute certain accounting procedures outside of the United States.

## What Is a Chartered Accountant (CA)?

A chartered accountant (CA) is an international financial professional qualification that demonstrates an individual has the knowledge and skills to execute certain accounting procedures. It also refers to an [accounting](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/a/accounting.asp) designation granted internationally to individuals in countries outside of the United States. This designation is the same as the [certified public accountant (CPA)](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/c/cpa.asp) designation in the United States.

CAs work in four main areas: applied finance, financial accounting and reporting, management accounting, and taxation. Their responsibilities may include filing taxes and auditing financial statements.

### Key Takeaways

*   Chartered accountants are financial professionals who execute accounting procedures.
*   The CA designation is granted to accounting professionals internationally, in countries outside of the United States.
*   In the U.S., a certified public accountant (CPA) is the designation equivalent to a chartered accountant (CA).
*   Chartered accountants (CAs) typically focus on one of the following areas: audit and assurance, financial accounting and reporting, management accounting, and applied finance or taxation.
*   Some chartered accountant institutions have reciprocity agreements with the U.S., allowing them to work as CPAs if they pass certain exams.

## Duties and Responsibilities of Chartered Accountants (CAs)

Chartered accountants (CAs) earn their designation based on the rules and regulations of the country in which they work. CAs work for organizations, businesses, governments, and individuals in both the private and public sectors. They generally focus on one of four areas:

*   Applied finance
*   [Financial accounting](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/f/financialaccounting.asp) and reporting
*   Management accounting
*   [Taxation](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/t/taxation.asp)

Depending on their area of focus, CAs may handle one aspect of a company's business, such as auditing financial statements. Others may oversee all of a company's accounting needs, or they may work as freelancers who handle accounting matters for multiple clients. CAs are qualified to file a business's [tax returns](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/t/taxreturn.asp), audit [financial statements](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/f/financial-statements.asp) and business practices, and offer advisory services to clients.

> **Important**
>
> Chartered accountants (CAs) in countries around the world and CPAs in the United States perform very similar tasks on a day-to-day basis.

## How to Become a Chartered Accountant (CA)

Different countries impose different rules and regulations for earning the designation of a CA. However, CAs usually need a university degree in a related field, such as math, accounting, or [finance](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/f/finance.asp). Special coursework may also be required to get certified.

For example, prospective accountants in New Zealand must complete a recognized academic program, such as a three-year bachelor's degree or an accredited master's degree covering accounting and business topics. Candidates must then complete a practical experience program before they enroll in and complete a CA program. These programs train candidates in modern [accounting methods](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/a/accountingmethod.asp).

In Canada, people who wish to become chartered professional accountants must complete an undergraduate degree with coursework in business and accounting areas. They can then enroll in a professional education program for chartered professional accountants.

> **Fast Fact**
>
> Chartered accountants claim to be the first accounting group to form a professional body, in 1854 in Scotland. There are now many organizations that CAs belong to across the world, including the Institute of Chartered Accountants in England and Wales ICAEW) and the Canadian Institute of Chartered Accountants (CICA).

## Job Outlook and Salary for CAs

The job outlook for chartered accountants depends on the country where they are employed. In general, there is a strong demand for CAs because of the skills they possess, including analytical and technical skills, communication skills, time management, and problem-solving.

In Canada, the median hourly salary for CAs was $38.46 in 2024. The period between 2022 and 2031 is expected to see 88,000 new jobs in this field.  

The [Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS)](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/b/bls.asp) in the United States combines accountants and auditors into a single category. The job growth is expected to be 6% between 2023 and 2033, which is considered faster than average, and 91,400 additional jobs are expected to be created during this 10-year period. The median annual salary was $79,880 in 2023.  

## Chartered Accountant (CA) vs. Certified Public Accountant (CPA)

The main difference between CAs and certified public accountants is that the CPA is a designation used in the United States, while CA is used in many other countries. The CPA abbreviation can refer to different types of accounting professionals in different parts of the world. For example, in Canada, a CPA is a chartered professional accountant; in Australia, a CPA is a certified practicing accountant.

Members of Chartered Professional Accountants Canada, Chartered Accountants Australia and New Zealand, and Chartered Accountants Ireland have a [reciprocity agreement](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/r/reciprocal-statutes.asp) with the United States. If these CA professionals pass a test, their qualifications can transfer and they may work as CPAs in the United States.

## What's the Difference Between a Chartered Accountant and a Certified Public Accountant?

The primary difference between chartered accountants (CAs) and certified public accountants (CPAs) is that these designations are used in different parts of the world. They perform many of the same functions. Professionals with these designations work in the public and private sector for corporations, individuals, governments, and organizations. They are responsible for filing taxes, applied finance, auditing and financial reporting, and management accounting. In some countries, CAs can pass a test to work in the United States as CPAs.

## How Do I Become a Chartered Accountant (CA)?

The requirements to become a chartered accountant depend on the country where you live. But, in most cases, you must have at least an undergraduate degree in a related field—such as accounting or finance—and you must complete special coursework to get your designation or certification. Work experience also helps; if you have the opportunity to do an internship, don't pass up the chance.

## What Is the Job Outlook for Accountants and How Much Do They Earn?

According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics, accountants earned an average of $79,880 annually in 2023. The industry is expected to grow 6% between 2023 and 2033 and add 91,400 jobs during that time.

## The Bottom Line

Demand for accountants is strong and steady, and there are several different career paths available for those interested in a career in this field, including becoming a chartered accountant (CA). CAs have different certifications, depending on the country where they work. In general, their job responsibilities are similar to those of certified public accountants (CPAs) in the U.S. You can find work as a CA in the public or private sector, and they are employed by businesses, governments, individual taxpayers, and organizations around the world.

> **Article Sources**
>
> 1.  Western Governors University. "[Chartered Accountant Career Guide](https://www.wgu.edu/career-guide/business/chartered-accountant-career.html)."
>     
> 2.  Chartered Accountants Australia New Zealand. "[CA Program Academic Entry Requirements & CA ANZ Accredited Courses](https://www.charteredaccountantsanz.com/become-a-member/entry-requirements/chartered-accountant/recognised-qualifications)."
>     
> 3.  Job Bank Government of Canada. "[Chartered Professional Accountant, Chartered Accountant (CPA, CA) in Canada](https://www.jobbank.gc.ca/marketreport/summary-occupation/121/ca)."
>     
> 4.  Maryville University. "[History of Accounting: How It’s Evolved Over Time](https://online.maryville.edu/blog/history-of-accounting/)."
>     
> 5.  U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. "[Accountants and Auditors](https://www.bls.gov/ooh/business-and-financial/accountants-and-auditors.htm)."