# Underwriters Laboratories (UL): Meaning, Overview, History

## What Is Underwriters Laboratories?

Underwriters Laboratories (UL) is a global safety science company, the largest and oldest independent testing laboratory in the United States. Underwriters Laboratories tests the latest products and technologies for safety before they are marketed around the world. It tests 22 billion different products annually, ranging from consumer electronics, alarms and security equipment, to lasers, medical devices, and robotics.

Founded in 1894, Underwriters Laboratories offers its services in five strategic areas, from product safety, environment, life and health, university, and verification services. 

The company employs over 14,000 people who live in 40 countries. As of 2021, those employees are led by CEO Jennifer Scanlon. In 2012, Underwriters Laboratories created a for-profit subsidiary, UL LLC.

### Key Takeaways

*   Underwriters Laboratories (UL) is a global not-for-profit safety science company that employs over 14,000 people who live in 40 countries.
*   UL is the largest and oldest independent testing laboratory in the United States, founded in 1894.
*   Underwriters Laboratories is funded by grants, document licensing, and the fees it charges manufacturers of products submitted for certification.

## Understanding Underwriters Laboratories (UL)

Underwriters Laboratories is a non-profit organization funded by the fees it charges manufacturers of products submitted for certification. UL charges fees for the initial evaluation process, as well as ongoing maintenance fees for follow-up service. While UL is a profitable enterprise, that profit is filtered back into the business, as profit is not a stated goal of the company.

UL's operations are global in scope, with customers in more than 143 countries. Twenty-two billion UL Marks appear annually on products, while 8.5 million consumers in Asia, Europe, and North America are annually reached by UL with safety messages.

### History of Underwriters Laboratories

The start of Underwriters Laboratories can be traced back to the widely-attended World’s Fair, held in Chicago in 1890. At the fair, UL’s founder, William Henry Merrill, Jr., a graduate of the MIT electrical engineering program, was working at his assigned post with the Boston Board of Fire Underwriters to assess for any fire risks with all of the new construction going on for the fairgrounds.

At the fair, Merrill, Jr. meets many insurance underwriters and proposes his idea to create an electrical testing laboratory. The [underwriters](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/u/underwriter.asp) agree that it is a good idea and both Western Insurance Union and the Chicago Underwriters Association give Merrill, Jr. funding to form what will soon become the Underwriters Electrical Bureau.

Eventually, that first Bureau became the Electrical Bureau of the National Board of Fire Underwriters. It set its mission, even back then, on promoting safe working and living conditions for people. In 1895, the organization hired its first employees.

The Bureau was officially operating with three staff members and a [budget](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/b/budget.asp) of $3,000 annually. In 1901, the organization officially became Underwriters Laboratories and established headquarters in Illinois.

Founder Merrill, Jr. became the manager of UL and a new president, Henry Clay Eddy, was named. In 1903, the UL began establishing its first set of safety standards, beginning with tin-clad fire doors.

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> 1.  UL. "[Marks and Labels](https://marks.ul.com/about/)." Accessed Oct. 10, 2021.
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> 2.  UL. "[Industries](https://www.ul.com/services/testing/emc-testing)." Accessed Oct. 10, 2021.
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> 3.  UL. "[History](https://www.ul.com/about/history)." Accessed Oct. 10, 2021.
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> 5.  UL. "[Leadership](https://www.ul.com/about/leadership)." Accessed Oct. 10, 2021.
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> 6.  U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission. "[Entity Change to UL LLC](https://www.nrc.gov/docs/ML1134/ML113460925.pdf)." Accessed Oct. 10, 2021.
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> 7.  UL. "[About Us](https://ul.org/about)." Accessed Oct. 10, 2021.
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> 8.  UL. "[Company Information](https://www.ul.com/media-center/company-information)." Accessed Oct. 10, 2021.
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> 9.  UL. "[Be Safe Buy Real: A Global Consumer Anti-Counterfeiting Campaign](https://ul.org/what-we-do/anti-counterfeiting/be-safe-buy-real-underwriters-laboratories-world-anti-counterfeiting-initiative)." Accessed Oct. 10, 2021.
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> 10.  UL. "[History](https://www.ul.com/about/history)." Accessed Oct. 10, 2021.