# National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER): Meaning, Role

## What Is the National Bureau of Economic Research?

The National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER) is a private, non-profit, non-partisan research organization with an aim is to promote a greater understanding of how the economy works. It disseminates economic research among public policymakers, business professionals, and the academic community.

### Key Takeaways

*   The NBER is a private, non-profit research organization.
*   The focus areas for its research are: new statistical measurements, estimating quantitative models of economic behavior, assessing the effects of public policy on the U.S. economy, and projecting the effect of alternative policy proposals.
*   NBER's research papers are produced quickly and released as "working papers." They function as talking points among economists interested in new developments within their field.

## Understanding National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER)

Hundreds of the nation's leading scholars in economics and business are also NBER researchers who focus on four types of empirical research: developing new statistical measurements, estimating quantitative models of economic behavior, assessing the effects of public policies on the U.S. economy, and projecting the effects of alternative policy proposals. As of 2021, thirty-eight current or past NBER board members and research affiliates have been awarded the [Nobel Prize in Economics](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/n/nobel-memorial-prize-in-economic-sciences.asp).

According to the organization, "The National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER) is a private, nonpartisan organization that facilitates cutting-edge investigation and analysis of major economic issues. It disseminates research findings to academics, public and private-sector decision-makers, and the public by posting more than 1,200 working papers and convening more than 120 scholarly conferences each year."

> **Important**
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> The NBER officially declared an end to the economic expansion in February of 2020 as the U.S. fell into a recession during that year's economic crisis.

## ﻿Role of NBER In Modern Economics

The more than 1,600 economists who are NBER researchers are the leading scholars in their fields. Most NBER-affiliated researchers are either Faculty Research Fellows (FRFs) or Research Associates (RAs). Faculty Research Fellows are typically junior scholars. Research Associates, whose appointments are approved by the NBER Board of Directors, hold tenured positions at their home institutions.

The NBER is supported by research grants from government agencies and private foundations, by investment income, and by contributions from individuals and corporations.

The group took in $32 million for the year ended June 30, 2020, according to its financial statement.

The economist Paul Krugman, writing in the New York Times, said NBER is "best described, I’d say, as the old-boy network of economics made flesh. There are a couple of NBER offices, but they’re small; what the organization mainly consists of is its associates and what they do. In many sub-fields of economics, just about anyone well-known in the profession is an NBER research associate; it’s normal for these associates to release new research as NBER working papers.

The function of these papers, in turn, is to get research out quickly so other economists can discuss it (which includes criticizing it). For working economists, the NBER WP series provides what amounts to one-stop shopping for new developments in their field."

> **Article Sources**
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> 1.  National Bureau of Economic Research. "[About the NBER](https://www.nber.org/about-nber)." Accessed Oct. 22, 2021.
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> 2.  The Statesman's Yearbook. "[National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER)](https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-1-349-68398-7_158)." Accessed Oct. 22, 2021.
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> 3.  National Bureau of Economic Research. "[Nobel Laureates](https://www.nber.org/nber-news/nobel-laureates)." Accessed Oct. 22, 2021.
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> 4.  National Bureau of Economic Research. "[Business Cycle Dating Committee Announcement June 8, 2020](https://www.nber.org/news/business-cycle-dating-committee-announcement-june-8-2020)." Accessed Oct. 22, 2021.
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> 5.  National Bureau of Economic Research. "[Summary Statements for the Fiscal Year Ended June 30th, 2020](https://www.nber.org/sites/default/files/2020-11/FY2020FinancialsSummary_0.pdf)." Accessed Oct. 22, 2021.
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> 6.  The New York Times. "[Understanding the NBER](https://krugman.blogs.nytimes.com/2013/04/22/understanding-the-nber)." Accessed Oct. 22, 2021.