# Equated Monthly Installment (EMI): How It Works, Formula, Examples

![Equated Monthly Installment (EMI): A fixed payment made by a borrower to a lender on a specified date each month.](https://www.investopedia.com/thmb/r7iT16s_ZSkrVegem8zkAs4BIg4=/1500x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/equated_monthly_installment.asp-final-59c0e9a5533f485dabac3cefb6694ed4.png)

*— Investopedia / Julie Bang*

## What Is an Equated Monthly Installment (EMI)?

An equated monthly installment (EMI) offers borrowers a predictable, fixed payment plan that simplifies loan repayment. Each month, the [borrower](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/p/prime-borrower.asp) pays a consistent amount that covers both the interest and [principal](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/p/principal.asp), ensuring the loan is fully paid off by the end of the term. This structure is widely used in mortgages, auto loans, and student loans, providing a straightforward way for borrowers to manage their financial commitments over several years.

### Key Takeaways

*   An Equated Monthly Installment (EMI) involves making fixed payments each month to pay off a loan over a set period, covering both principal and interest, common in mortgages, auto loans, and student loans.
*   EMIs simplify budgeting for borrowers, offering a predictable payment schedule, while [lenders](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/l/lender.asp) benefit from a consistent income stream from loan interest.
*   There are two main methods to calculate EMI: the flat-rate method, which uses the original principal for interest calculation, and the reducing-balance method, which recalculates based on the remaining principal, often saving borrowers money over time.
*   Using the reducing-balance method can be more cost-effective, as the interest is recalculated on the remaining loan balance rather than the original loan amount, unlike the flat-rate calculation.
*   EMI plans on credit cards work similarly to loans, reducing your available credit limit by the purchase cost and deducting the EMI each month until the debt is cleared.

## Understanding How EMIs Function in Loans

EMIs differ from variable payment plans, in which the borrower can pay higher amounts at his or her discretion. In EMI plans, borrowers are usually only allowed one fixed payment amount each month.

The benefit of an EMI for borrowers is that they know precisely how much money they will need to pay toward their loan each month, which can [make personal budgeting easier](https://www.investopedia.com/articles/pf/06/budgeting.asp). Lenders benefit from EMIs because they provide a steady and predictable income from interest.

The EMI can be calculated using either the flat-rate method or the reducing-balance (also known as the reduce-balance) method.

### Calculating EMIs: Methods and Formulas

The EMI flat-rate formula is calculated by adding together the principal loan amount and the interest on the principal and dividing the result by the number of periods multiplied by the number of months.

The EMI reducing-balance method is calculated using this formula:

> EMI = P \* \[( r \* (1 + r)^n)) / ((1 + r)^n - 1)\]

> **where:**

> P = Principal amount borrowed

> r = Periodic monthly interest rate

> n = Total number of monthly payments

## Real-World EMI Calculation Examples

To demonstrate how EMI works, let's walk through a calculation of it, using both methods. Assume an individual takes out a mortgage to buy a new home. The principal amount is $500,000, and the loan terms include an interest rate of 3.5% for 10 years.

Using the flat-rate method to calculate the EMI, the homeowner's monthly payments come out to $5,625, or ($500,000 + ($500,000 x 10 x 0.035)) / (10 x 12).

Using the EMI reducing-balance method, monthly payments would be approximately $4,944.29, or $500,000 \* \[(0.0029 \* (1 + 0.0029)^120) / ((1 + 0.0029)^120 - 1)\].

Note that in the EMI flat-rate calculation, the principal loan amount remains constant throughout the 10-year mortgage period. This suggests that the EMI reducing-balance method may be a better option because the dwindling loan principal also [shrinks the amount of interest due.](https://www.investopedia.com/articles/pf/07/acceleratedpayments.asp) In the flat-rate method, each interest charge is calculated based on the original loan amount, even though the loan balance outstanding is gradually being paid down.  

> **Tip**
>
> The reducing-balance method is often more economical for borrowers.

## What Does EMI Stand For?

In finance, EMI stands for equated monthly installment, meaning regular payments that settle a loan over time with fixed amounts.

## How Is EMI calculated?

There are two ways to calculate EMI: the flat-rate method and the reducing-balance (or reduce-balance) method. Both take into account the loan principal, the loan interest rate, and the term of the loan in their calculations.

## How Is EMI Deducted from a Credit Card?

As soon as you purchase something on a credit card with an EMI option (that is, doesn't demand payment in full each month), your card's available credit limit is reduced by the total cost of the goods or service. The EMI on credit cards then works much like a home loan or a personal loan: You pay back the principal and interest each month, gradually reducing your debt over time until you pay it off in full. EMI is deducted from a credit card using the reduce-balance method.

## Is EMI Good or Bad?

EMI is neither inherently good nor bad—unless you consider borrowing and accruing debt bad, and paying for things in full the only "good" option. In terms of borrowing options, EMI does have its good points, though. Because it divides the debt into the same fixed payments each month, it helps borrowers budget their finances and keep in mind their outstanding obligations. They know how much they have to pay, and how long it will take them to settle their debt in full.