# Understanding Dotcom Companies: Definition, History, and Key Examples

![Dotcom: A company that conducts business primarily through a website.](https://www.investopedia.com/thmb/2BdNgXpzrLNKxchtNM4IE2KKsz8=/1500x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/Dotcom-final-ea7aeaf97d5642b78c8f39b68e3677e3.png)

*— Investopedia / Zoe Hansen*

## What Is a Dotcom?

A dotcom company, recognized by its .com domain, conducts most of its business online. These companies emerged during the internet boom of the 1990s, driven by the groundbreaking shift to digital commerce. While some, like Amazon and eBay, succeeded post-crash, many others exploded and disappeared, contributing to the infamous dotcom bubble burst.

Alternatives to .com include .org for nonprofits, .edu for educational institutions, and .gov for government agencies.

New extensions are introduced periodically because the large number of .com sites makes it hard to find unique names. Some extensions reflect status: .io, meaning "input/output," is now popular among techies and gamers. The extension .info may be adopted to imply that a source is credible.

### Key Takeaways

*   A dotcom is a company that relies on the internet as the central part of its business operations.  
    
*   Dotcom companies rose to prominence during the late 1990s but often faced challenges due to a lack of sustainable business models.  
    
*   The dotcom bubble burst in 2001, leading to significant financial losses and a mild recession in several developed countries.  
    
*   Some dotcoms like Amazon and eBay became highly successful despite the market crash in the early 2000s.  
    
*   Dotcoms are primarily identified by the ".com" domain extension in their website URLs, signaling a commercial enterprise.

## How Dotcoms Operate in the Digital Economy

The dotcom business model requires an internet presence for the business to function; this is the primary component of its definition. Most or all of a dotcom company’s products or services are displayed, marketed, sold, and supported via the internet.

> **Important**
>
> The word dotcom once referred to any internet-based company. Dotcom now most often refers to an internet company created during the internet bubble of the 1990s.

## Rise and Fall: The Dotcom Bubble of the 1990s

The dotcoms took the world by storm in the late 1990s, with valuations rising faster than any other industry in recent memory. Any company with dotcom in its name could score a huge [valuation](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/v/valuation.asp) on the [stock market](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/s/stockmarket.asp), even if it lacked any profits or physical assets and couldn’t produce a coherent [business plan](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/b/business-plan.asp).

Many early dotcoms spent heavily on [marketing](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/m/marketing.asp) and [brand recognition](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/b/brand-recognition.asp) but less on their actual products or services.

Ultimately, the [dotcom bubble](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/d/dotcom-bubble.asp) burst in 2001 when investors grew tired of waiting for profits. A mild recession followed in the United States and other developed nations.

## Lessons Learned: Case Studies From the Dotcom Crash

Pets.com, a site for pet products, became a symbol of the dotcom crash. In January 2000, the company spent over $2 million on a Super Bowl ad. Late that year, the company reported losses of approximately $147 million for the first three quarters. While the stock price had peaked at $14 a share early in the year, prices fell to below $1 after the losses were made public. The business did not survive.

Pseudo.com focused on internet broadcasting and livestreaming services. Poor business practices ultimately resulted in the failure of the dotcom, and the site never became profitable.

There were success stories, too: Companies founded during the dotcom boom include [Amazon](https://www.investopedia.com/how-amazon-makes-money-4587523).com, founded in 1994; [eBay](https://www.investopedia.com/articles/markets/042815/how-ebay-makes-its-money-ebay.asp).com, founded in 1995, and IMDB.com, founded in 1990.

## How Do Dotcoms Get Their Name?

Dotcoms get their name from the uniform resource locator (URL) or domain name that customers enter to visit a website. The .com at the end of the URL stands for commercial.

## What Does a Dotcom Require?

The primary component of the dotcom business model is an internet presence. Most, if not all, of a dotcom company’s products or services are displayed, marketed, sold, and supported via the internet.

## What Was the Dotcom Bubble?

The dotcom bubble was a rapid rise in U.S. technology stock equity valuations fueled by investments in internet-based companies during a [bull market](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/b/bullmarket.asp) in the late 1990s. The value of equity markets grew exponentially during this period. The bubble burst in 2001, with equities entering a [bear market](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/b/bearmarket.asp).

## The Bottom Line

Dotcoms, or dot-com companies, conduct business primarily through their websites, making the Internet their central operational component. While initially synonymous with any internet-based business, the term now often describes companies that emerged during the 1990s' dotcom boom.

This period saw rapid valuations based on potential rather than profits, leading to an eventual market correction. Successful dotcoms like Amazon and eBay showcase the model's potential for innovation and market impact, despite the challenges many companies faced during the dotcom bubble burst.  

> **Article Sources**
>
> 1.  Finextra Research. “[Why .io Is the Cool New Domain](https://www.finextra.com/blogposting/15244/why-io-is-the-cool-new-domain#:~:text=to%20be%20considered.-,.,an%20abbreviation%20for%20Input%2FOutput.).”
>     
> 2.  Campaign. “[History of Advertising: No. 147: Pets.com’s Sock Puppet](https://www.campaignlive.co.uk/article/history-advertising-no-147-petscoms-sock-puppet/1364077).”