# What Is an Investment Manager?

> **Definition**
>
> Investment managers handle financial planning, investing, and portfolio management activities.

## What Is an Investment Manager?

Investment managers are individuals or organizations who [handle activities related to financial planning](https://www.investopedia.com/articles/professionals/092515/career-advice-investment-banking-vsinvestment-management.asp), investing, and managing a portfolio for their clients.

From the day-to-day buying and selling of securities and assets to transaction settlement and performance measurement, investment managers oversee investments and act on behalf of their clients.

### Key Takeaways

*   Investment managers handle their clients' financial planning, investing, and portfolio management activities.
*   Investment managers help individuals or institutional investors.
*   They devise strategies and execute trades within a financial portfolio.
*   Investment management companies include BlackRock, Vanguard Group, and Fidelity.

## Roles and Responsibilities

Investment managers can be one-person offices to large firms with global offices. They follow market activity closely to help dictate investment decisions for their clients. They may meet with clients individually or with relevant financial team members at a company.

Client portfolios can include assets in market sectors such as technology, utilities, healthcare, or energy. Investment managers consistently strategize to expand client holdings. Their fee is often based on a percentage of client [assets under management](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/a/aum.asp) (AUM). An individual with a $5 million portfolio handled by an investment manager who charges 1.5 percent annually pays $75,000 in fees.

In 2022, 72% of managers increased the number of investment products for clients, and the largest investment management companies globally based on AUM were BlackRock with $10 trillion, The Vanguard Group with $8.5 trillion, and Fidelity Investments with $4.2 trillion.

## Investment Manager vs. Investment Adviser

An investment manager is one type of [investment adviser](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/r/ria.asp), an individual or company paid to provide advice about securities to their clients. Asset managers, investment counselors, investment managers, portfolio managers, and wealth managers are investment advisers.  

While they all provide tailored investment advice, investment advisers can manage investment portfolios, offer financial planning services, provide licensed brokerage services to buy or sell stocks, or a combination of all these services.  

> **Important**
>
> "Investment adviser" is a legal term for an individual or company registered with the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) or a state securities regulator.

## Skills and Qualifications

Investment managers commonly hold undergraduate degrees in business, statistics, finance, mathematics, or accounting and perhaps an [MBA](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/m/mba.asp) or professional certifications such as [Certified Financial Planner (CFP)](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/c/cfp.asp). Graduates may enter the industry as an investment analyst and move to a manager role with experience. Investment managers typically share the following skills:

*   Excellent communication skills
*   Ability to obtain and sustain a client's trust
*   Analytical skills to interpret market information
*   Ability to understand financial data
*   Work effectively under pressure

### $142,143

The average annual salary of an Investment Manager as of June 2024.

## How to Become an Investment Manager

Individuals interested in careers as investment managers should follow the same path as all regulated financial advisers:

*   Complete a bachelor's degree program in finance, accounting, or economics. An advanced degree, like an MBA, is often an asset for future promotions and salary increases.
*   Research job opportunities with banks, investment firms, and other financial institutions.
*   Take the [Series 65 exam](https://www.investopedia.com/articles/professionaleducation/11/intro-series-65-exam.asp) through the [Financial Industry Regulatory Authority (FINRA)](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/f/finra.asp). FINRA is a private institution that writes and enforces rules for registered brokers and broker-dealer firms in the United States.
*   Gain additional knowledge and training through certification programs such as Certified Financial Planner (CFP), or [Personal Financial Specialist (PFS)](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/p/personal-financial-specialist-pfs.asp#:~:text=Key%20Takeaways-,A%20Personal%20Financial%20Specialist%20%28PFS%29%20is%20a%20certification%20for%20certified,areas%20of%20personal%20financial%20planning.).
*   Register with the SEC based on the regulations for your location, the size of the portfolios you will manage, and your level of certification.

## Choosing an Investment Manager

The type of investment manager that investors choose depends on what stage they have reached in their financial planning process. A beginner investor may benefit by using a Certified Financial Planner (CFP) who can teach the basics of retirement planning. A seasoned investor interested in a wide range of securities may fare better with a [portfolio manager](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/p/portfoliomanager.asp).

Most investment managers outline their philosophy on their websites or in their disclosures. Data on investment returns and investment manager performance are often well-documented and ranked by media sites and financial watch groups.

Investors should consider fee structures when comparing investment managers. Fees and expenses typically include management fees, performance fees, custody fees, and commissions.  

## Is an Investment Manager the Same as an Advisor?

The term financial advisor (with the letter "o") is a generic term that refers to a broker or a registered representative. However, the term investment adviser (with the letter "e") is a legal term that refers to an individual or company that is registered with either the Securities and Exchange Commission or a state securities regulator. An investment manager is a type of legal financial adviser.

## Do You Need a CFA for Investment Management?

Certification as a [Chartered Financial Analyst (CFA)](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/c/cfa.asp) is not a legal requirement for investment managers, however, clients may prefer to work with an adviser who holds an industry-specific certification such as CFA, CFP, or [Chartered Investment Counselor (CIC](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/c/cic.asp)).

## What Is the Difference Between an Investment Manager and a Fund Manager?

Investment managers focus primarily on individual securities and bond investments while fund managers work with [mutual funds](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/m/mutualfund.asp) comprised of multiple securities and assets, often tailored to a particular market sector.

## The Bottom Line

Investment managers are individuals or members of organizations that advise clients through financial planning, investing, and portfolio management. They commonly hold undergraduate degrees in finance, mathematics, or accounting and may have professional certifications. An investment manager is a type of investment adviser and is regulated by the Securities and Exchange Commission.  

> **Article Sources**
>
> 1.  Willis Towers Watson. "[Top 500 Asset Managers Reach New $131 Trillion Record](https://www.wtwco.com/en-CA/News/2022/10/top-500-asset-managers-reach-new-us-dollar-131-trillion-record)."
>     
> 2.  FINRA. "[Investment Advisers](https://www.finra.org/investors/learn-to-invest/choosing-investment-professional/investment-advisers)."
>     
> 3.  Glassdoor. "[Investment Manager Salary](https://www.glassdoor.com/Salaries/investment-manager-salary-SRCH_KO0,18.htm)."
>     
> 4.  Indeed. "[How To Become a Registered Investment Adviser](https://www.indeed.com/career-advice/finding-a-job/how-to-become-registered-investment-advisor)."