# Comprehensive Guide to Property Management: Definitions, Roles, Types & Duties

![Property Management](https://www.investopedia.com/thmb/tWiGOreXT5lYrbKXEKJhVstl8EU=/1500x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/property-management.asp-final-18ee5785bd5b419fbb3732b0afa859c8.png)

*— Investopedia / Ryan Oakley*

> **Definition**
>
> Property management is the oversight and maintenance of real estate properties by third-party contractors.

## What Is Property Management?

Property management is the daily oversight of residential, commercial, or industrial real estate by a third-party contractor. Generally, [property managers](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/p/property-manager.asp) take responsibility for day-to-day repairs and ongoing maintenance, security, and upkeep of properties.

They often work for owners of investment properties like apartment complexes, private home communities, shopping centers, and industrial parks. Their main roles are to manage routine tasks delegated to them by the owners and to preserve the value of the properties that they manage while generating [income](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/i/income.asp).

### Key Takeaways

*   Property managers take on responsibilities such as tenant screening, leasing, rent collection, and maintenance, allowing owners to focus on their investment portfolio without engaging in day-to-day property operations.  
    
*   Different types of properties require specialized management, ranging from residential and commercial to industrial and special-purpose properties, each with unique needs and challenges.  
    
*   Property management companies must comply with state and local laws, which means property managers often need to be licensed, ensuring they operate within regulatory requirements.  
    
*   Owners of rental properties involved in affordable housing programs rely on property managers to navigate complex regulatory guidelines, underscoring the necessity for expertise in property management.  
    
*   Hiring a property manager can be beneficial when the cost of management services is less than the opportunity cost of managing the properties oneself, making it a potentially worthwhile investment for property owners.

## Insights into Property Management

Property developers generally want to move on to the next project as soon as each one is completed. Even if they continue to hold [title](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/t/title.asp) to the property, they prefer to delegate the day-to-day operations to an outside company.

The responsibilities of a property manager generally involve the following:

*   Screening potential tenants
*   Drafting, signing, and renewing [leases](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/l/lease.asp) on behalf of property owners
*   Collecting [rent](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/r/rent-expense.asp)
*   Maintenance of properties, including landscaping and snow removal
*   Arranging for necessary repairs to properties
*   Setting up and adhering to budgets for property maintenance
*   Understanding state and national landlord-tenant laws and regulations
*   Marketing properties
*   Supervising other employees
*   Handling taxes

These companies must follow state and local landlord-tenant laws and regulations.  
Owners pay property managers either a [fee](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/f/fee.asp) or a percentage of the rent the property generates.

## Different Property Management Categories

Just as property comes in many types, so do property managers. Some firms specialize in managing specific property types, while others handle a variety of properties. A huge range of property types can be managed.

### Residential Property Management

Residential property managers are typically hired for rental properties, and they manage the rental process. They can be hired to manage:

*   Single-family homes
*   Vacation rentals
*   Multifamily homes
*   Town houses
*   Condominiums
*   Apartments
*   Manufactured homes
*   [Real estate-owned (REO) properties](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/r/realestateowned.asp)

### Commercial Property Management

[Commercial property owners have different needs from those who own residential property](https://www.investopedia.com/commercial-vs-residential-real-estate-investing-8414678). Commercial property management can apply to:

*   Public accommodations like hotels 
*   Retail properties like malls, restaurants, and gas stations
*   Office properties like real estate brokerages or doctors’ offices
*   Co-working spaces where professionals rent work space by the day or the hour

### Industrial Property Management

Industrial properties that can benefit from management include:

*   Heavy manufacturing facilities such as automotive plants and steel mills
*   Light manufacturing factories such as food packaging
*   Warehouses
*   Distribution facilities

### Special-Purpose Property Management

There are also numerous types of property that don’t fit neatly into the categories above, but that require management nonetheless. These include:

*   Theaters
*   Sports arenas
*   Resorts
*   Senior care facilities
*   Schools and universities
*   Places of worship

## Identifying the Need for a Property Manager

Several types of property owners can benefit from the services that property managers offer.

For example, landlords hire property management firms for various reasons. Some may have multiple rental properties in their portfolios and lack the time or expertise to maintain the properties and deal with individual tenants. Some owners only have an interest in owning rental properties and earning profits from them. When this is the case, they hire professional property managers. [Absentee landlords](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/a/absentee-landlord.asp) also make use of property management services. Some companies cater to individual landlords renting out single properties, like vacation homes.

Property owners in [affordable housing](https://www.investopedia.com/articles/mortgages-real-estate/10/affordable-housing.asp) programs often use property management services since these properties face complex federal guidelines needing specialized expertise. Certain [real estate](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/r/realestate.asp) brokers also operate as property managers. For example, a [broker](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/b/broker.asp) in a resort town may provide buyer and seller agent services as well as property management services. When this is the case, the real estate broker lists, shows, leases, and maintains vacation rentals for a number of property owners.

> **Important**
>
> Property managers are different from community managers, who deal with common areas rather than individual units and don’t necessarily deal directly with landlords.

## Important Considerations for Property Management

Property management licensing requirements vary by state. Most states require property management companies to be licensed by the local real estate board, so property owners need to make sure that the firms they hire are properly licensed.

For instance, property managers in Florida are required to have [real estate broker’s licenses](https://www.investopedia.com/articles/professionals/042313/getting-your-real-estate-license.asp) to operate in the state. That’s because some of their responsibilities are deemed real estate activity. Holding a real estate broker’s license allows property managers to list rental properties in the [multiple listing service (MLS)](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/m/multiple-listing-service-mls.asp) and to market the properties by standard real estate marketing methods. Holding a real estate broker’s license also allows the property management company to place a real estate board lockbox on a property’s door so that other licensed agents can show the property.

Florida also requires property managers to hold a broker’s license if they deal with rentals or leases and receive a [commission](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/c/commission.asp) for their services. However, property managers who own the properties they manage in the state don't need a license.

Managers in Massachusetts don’t require a broker’s license. That’s because certain duties considered to be real estate activities, such as listing and leasing properties, may be secondary to the main duties performed by the property manager.

## Is a property manager worth it?

It depends. Managing property can be costly and take a lot of time. If the cost of a property manager is less than the [opportunity cost](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/o/opportunitycost.asp) of managing properties yourself, it’s probably a good investment. However, this is an equation that every investor will have to work through for themselves.

## Who benefits from hiring a property manager?

Any property manager who doesn’t want to deal with the day-to-day management of property can potentially benefit from property management. This can include a residential property owner who doesn’t want the headaches of dealing with tenants, or commercial property owners who prefer others to source and manage tenants, leases, and maintenance.

## Are property managers regulated?

Yes. Property management licensing requirements vary by state, but most states require property management companies to be licensed by the local real estate board. Property owners should make sure that the firms they hire are properly licensed.

## The Bottom Line

Property management is the oversight of real estate by a third party, normally a professional property manager or property management company. Their work is important for maintaining the value of different types of property: residential, commercial, industrial, and property for special purposes.

Every state has its own laws regulating the activities of property managers, so it’s important for property owners to check that potential property managers are properly licensed for their state. Although the service can be expensive, the benefits of property management often outweigh the costs.

> **Article Sources**
>
> 1.  All Property Management. “[Property Management Laws by State](https://www.allpropertymanagement.com/resources/property-management-laws/).”
>     
> 2.  All Property Management. “[Property Management Laws in Florida](https://www.allpropertymanagement.com/resources/property-management-laws/florida/).”
>     
> 3.  All Property Management. “[Property Management Laws in Massachusetts](https://www.allpropertymanagement.com/resources/property-management-laws/massachusetts/).”