# Understanding Disruptive Technology: Examples and Investment Strategies

## What Is Disruptive Technology?

Disruptive technology reshapes industries by offering superior solutions that replace outdated systems. From e-commerce to ride-sharing apps, learn how innovations like blockchain are transforming business landscapes. Explore the strategies needed to invest wisely in these groundbreaking technologies.

### Key Takeaways

*   Disruptive technology refers to innovations that significantly change how consumers, industries, or businesses operate, often supplanting older processes.  
    
*   The concept was introduced by Clayton Christensen, who explained how startups could use disruptive technology to gain industry presence.  
    
*   Investing in disruptive technology can be risky, as adoption may take years or may not happen, as seen with the Segway.  
    
*   Blockchain technology, known for powering Bitcoin, is an example of a disruptive technology with significant implications for financial institutions.  
    
*   Exchange-traded funds (ETFs) like the ALPS Disruptive Technologies ETF offer exposure to various disruptive technologies, including fintech and artificial intelligence.

![Disruptive Technology](https://www.investopedia.com/thmb/5mhAdAXB0Cut17oWqWIX1W3HANo=/1500x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/disruptive-technology.asp-final-50564c66b819471192ab7fbc88d07ae7.png)

*— Investopedia / NoNo Flores*

## Understanding Disruptive Technology: Concepts and Impact 

Clayton Christensen introduced the idea of disruptive technologies in a 1995 Harvard Business Review article. Christensen later expanded on the topic in _"T_he Innovator's Dilemma_"_, published in 1997. It has since become a buzzword in startup businesses that seek to create a product with mass appeal.

A startup with limited resources can disrupt technology by inventing a new way to complete a task. Established companies usually focus on small improvements rather than making revolutionary changes. They cater to their largest and most demanding customers.

This allows disruptive businesses to target neglected customer segments and establish a presence in the industry. Established companies often lack the flexibility to adapt quickly to new threats. That allows disruptors to move upstream over time and cannibalize more customer segments.

Disruptive technologies are difficult to prepare for because they can appear suddenly.

### Evaluating the Potential and Risks of Disruptive Technologies

Risk-taking companies might see disruptive technology's potential and enter new markets that can use it. These are the "[innovators](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/d/disruptive-innovation.asp)" of the technology adoption lifecycle. Other companies may take a more risk-averse position and adopt an innovation only after seeing how it performs for others.

Companies that fail to account for the effects of disruptive technology may find themselves losing market share to competitors that have discovered ways to integrate the technology.

### Blockchain: A Case Study in Disruptive Innovation 

Blockchain, the technology behind Bitcoin, is a decentralized ledger recording transactions between parties. It moves transactions from a centralized server-based system to a transparent cryptographic network. The technology uses peer-to-peer consensus to record and verify transactions, removing the need for manual verification.

> **Important**
>
> The automobile, electricity service, and television all were disruptive technologies in their own times.

Blockchain technology has enormous implications for financial institutions such as banks and stock brokerages. For example, a brokerage firm could execute peer-to-peer trade confirmations on the blockchain, removing the need for custodians and clearinghouses, which will reduce [financial intermediary](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/f/financialintermediary.asp) costs and dramatically expedite transaction times.

### Navigating Investments in Disruptive Technologies

Investing in companies developing or adopting disruptive technologies carries significant risk. Many products considered disruptive take years to be adopted by consumers or businesses, or are not adopted at all. The Segway electric vehicle was once touted as a disruptive technology until it wasn't.

Investors can access disruptive technology by investing in ETFs like the ALPS Disruptive Technologies ETF ([DTEC](https://www.investopedia.com/markets/quote?tvwidgetsymbol=dtec)). This fund invests in a variety of innovative areas such as the internet of things, cloud computing, fintech, robotics, and artificial intelligence.

## The Bottom Line

Disruptive technology fundamentally reshapes industries by introducing innovations that surpass the current systems, evident in historical examples like electricity and modern advancements such as blockchain. It often originates from startups targeting overlooked market segments, forcing established firms to adapt or face obsolescence. Although investing in disruptive technologies presents significant risks, opportunities exist through platforms like ETFs focused on emerging sectors. Investors should consider their risk tolerance and long-term potential when engaging with these innovations.  

> **Article Sources**
>
> 1.  Harvard Business Review. "[Disruptive Technologies: Catching the Wave](https://hbr.org/1995/01/disruptive-technologies-catching-the-wave)."
>     
> 2.  Clayton M. Christensen. "[The Innovator's Dilemma: When New Technologies Cause Great Firms to Fail](http://harmeh.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/Clayton-M.-Christensen-The-Innovators-Dilemma_-When-New-Technologies-Cause-Great-Firms-to-Fail-Management-of-Innovation-and-Change-Series-1997.pdf)." Harvard Business School Press, 1997.
>     
> 3.  ALPS. "[ALPS Disruptive Technologies ETF](https://www.alpsfunds.com/products/etf/DTEC)."