# Negotiated Dealing System (NDS): Definition, History, Membership

## What Is the Negotiated Dealing System (NDS)?

The Negotiated Dealing System, or NDS, is an electronic trading platform operated by the [Reserve Bank of India](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/r/rbi.asp) (RBI) to facilitate the issuing and exchange of government securities and other types of money market instruments.

The goal of the NDS was to reduce inefficiencies stemming from telephone orders and manual paperwork while increasing transparency for all market participants.  

### Key Takeaways

*   The Negotiated Dealing System (NDS) facilitates trading and dealing in Indian government securities.
*   The NDS order matching system (NDS-OM) features two levels of market participation.
*   Each member type has access to specific modules within the NDS-OM system.

## Understanding the Negotiated Dealing System

The Negotiated Dealing System was introduced in February 2002 to help the Reserve Bank of India, or RBI, enhance the dealings of [fixed-income](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/f/fixedincome.asp) investments. While the RBI owns the NDS, it is administered by the Clearing Corporation of India Ltd. (CCIL).

Prior to the NDS, the country's government securities market was primarily telephone-based, which meant that buyers and sellers had to place trades over the phone, submit physical Subsidiary General Ledger transfer forms, and issue checks for the [settlement of funds](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/c/cashsettlement.asp) to the Reserve Bank of India. These slow and inefficient procedures led to the development and implementation of the NDS.

In August 2005, the RBI introduced the Negotiated Dealing System - Order Matching system, or NDS-OM, an electronic, screen-based, anonymous, order-driven trading system for dealing in government securities. The system is designed to bring transparency to secondary market transactions while enabling members to place bids and offers directly on the NDS-OM screen.

## How the NDS Works

There are two types of NDS-OM members, including:

*   **Direct Members** - Direct members have current accounts with the RBI and can directly settle trades on NDS-OM.
*   **Indirect Members** - Indirect members do not have current accounts with the RBI and must settle through NDS-OM members that have direct accounts. Most foreign institutional investors have indirect access, while resident entities may have direct access.

Many other countries have similar electronic systems in place for managing government securities, money market accounts, and related securities to increase transparency and lower costs.

For more information about the Negotiated Dealing System, see the RBI's [Negotiated Dealing System Overview](https://rbidocs.rbi.org.in/rdocs/Publications/PDFs/NDSOM290410.pdf).

## NDS Modules

The Negotiated Dealing System consists of two modules, which are designed for different types of member institutions.

These modules include:

*   **Primary Market Module**: The RBI uses the primary auction platform for the auction of federal and state securities, as well as treasury bills. The platform enables participants to electronically submit their bids in primary auctions and receive allotment reports.
*   **Secondary Market Module**: Over-the-counter trading often happens over the phone, but everyone is required to report these trades using the NDS secondary market module. The data then flows to the Clearing Corporation of India Ltd. for clearing and settlement, which avoids the need for paper-based settlement processes.

> **Article Sources**
>
> 1.  Reserve Bank of India. "[Retail Participation by Demat Account Holders in the Government Securities Market: Access to NDS-OM Platform](https://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:xEK0nZNGBTAJ:https://www.rbi.org.in/scripts/FS_Notification.aspx%3FId%3D10533%26fn%3D6%26Mode%3D0+&cd=13&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=il)." Accessed Dec. 9, 2021.
>     
> 2.  CCIL. "[Milestones](https://www.ccilindia.com/AboutUs/Pages/MileStones1.aspx)." Accessed Dec. 9, 2021.
>     
> 3.  Reserve Bank of India. "[Negotiated Dealing System (NDS)](https://investopediaacademy.zendesk.com/attachments/token/xpoOCZ30qwepFF2pUSHGu49m6/?name=NDSOM290410.pdf)." Accessed Dec. 9, 2021.