# Irs Publication 550: What It Is, How It Works

> **Definition**
>
> IRS Publication 550 outlines the tax treatment of investment income and expenses, including what’s deductible and how to report gains and losses.

## What Is IRS Publication 550?

[IRS Publication 550](https://www.irs.gov/publications/p550) is a document published by the [Internal Revenue Service (IRS)](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/i/irs.asp) that provides information on how investment income and expenses are to be treated when filing taxes. IRS Publication 550 explains what investment expenses are [deductible](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/d/deductible.asp) when gains and losses from the sale of investment property are to be reported and what type of investments are considered taxable.﻿﻿

## Understanding IRS Publication 550

Investors who purchase U.S. property from a foreign individual or firm may be required to withhold income taxes. In addition, U.S. citizens must report income earned on foreign investments, even if a Form 1099 was not issued. This is explained in more detail in IRS Publication 515.﻿﻿ Special tax rules apply to employees who exercise stock options. More information is provided in IRS Publication 525.﻿﻿

## What's In IRS Publication 550?

This is one of the agency's most complex topics, covering information on the tax treatment of investment income and expenses. It includes information on the tax treatment of [investment income](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/i/investmentincome.asp) and expenses for individual shareholders of [mutual funds](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/m/mutualfund.asp) or other regulated investment companies, such as money market funds, according to the IRS.﻿﻿

It also explains what investment income is taxable and what investment expenses are deductible. It explains when and how to show these items on your tax return. There's information on how to determine and report gains and losses on the disposition of investment property. Another key section regards property trades and [tax shelters](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/t/taxshelter.asp).﻿﻿

The publication has a handy table that shows where to report various types of investment income on each type of return. Originally this included [1040](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/1/1040.asp), 1040A, and 1040EZ; however, the latter two forms are no longer available.

Interest income is covered in detail, including money market funds, certificates of deposit, penalties for early withdrawal, gifts for opening accounts, interest on insurance dividends, prepaid insurance premiums, U.S. obligations, interest on tax refunds, installment sale proceeds, interest on insurance contracts, how to treat usurious interest, interest on frozen deposits, below-market loans, foreign interest, U.S. Savings Bonds, educational savings bonds, bonds sold between interest dates, U.S. Treasury Bills and Notes, State or Local Government Obligations, mortgage revenue bonds, and Original Issue Discount (OID).﻿﻿

Treatment of dividends is covered, including ordinary dividends, the most common type of distribution from a corporation or a mutual fund. Qualified dividends are covered, which are subject to the same 0%, 15%, or 20% maximum tax rate that applies to net capital gain. Capital gain distributions, which are paid or credited to your account by mutual funds and real estate investment trusts (REITs), are covered in detail.﻿﻿

> **Article Sources**
>
> 1.  Internal Revenue Service. "[About Publication 550, Investment Income and Expenses](https://www.irs.gov/forms-pubs/about-publication-550)." Accessed Jan. 31, 2020.
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> 2.  Internal Revenue Service. "[Publication 515: Withholding of Tax on Nonresident Aliens and Foreign Entities](https://www.irs.gov/pub/irs-pdf/p515.pdf)," Page 3. Accessed Jan. 31, 2020.
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> 3.  Internal Revenue Service. "[Publication 525: Taxable and Nontaxable Income](https://www.irs.gov/pub/irs-pdf/p525.pdf)," Page 11. Accessed March 31, 2020.
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> 4.  Internal Revenue Service. "[Publication 550 Investment Income and Expenses (Including Capital Gains and Losses)](https://www.irs.gov/pub/irs-pdf/p550.pdf)," Page 2. Accessed Jan. 31, 2020.
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> 5.  Internal Revenue Service. "[Publication 550 Investment Income and Expenses (Including Capital Gains and Losses)](https://www.irs.gov/pub/irs-pdf/p550.pdf)," Pages 5–12. Accessed Jan. 31, 2020.
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> 6.  Internal Revenue Service. "[Publication 550 Investment Income and Expenses (Including Capital Gains and Losses)](https://www.irs.gov/pub/irs-pdf/p550.pdf)," Pages 19, 20–21. Accessed Jan. 31, 2020.