# Business Process Outsourcing (BPO): What It Is, How It Works, and Its Benefits

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*Companies use BPO in two main areas: back-office and front-office operations. — Michela Buttignol / Investopedia*

> **Definition**
>
> Business process outsourcing (BPO) relies on third-party vendors or subcontractors for specific business operations.

## Business Process Outsourcing (BPO) Definition

Business process outsourcing (BPO) is a method of [subcontracting](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/s/subcontracting.asp) various business-related operations to third-party [vendors](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/v/vendor.asp).

BPO started in manufacturing to manage supply chains. It now spans various industries, including asset management, ecommerce, energy, healthcare, pharmaceuticals, and others.

Business process outsourcing has a dual focus on back-office and front-office operations to enhance efficiency, reduce costs, and leverage specialized expertise and advanced technology.

The growth of BPO has been driven by the adoption of advanced technologies like analytics and artificial intelligence (AI). In addition to the above benefits, BPO offers lower labor costs and political stability in offshore locations to companies, as well as operational flexibility.

### Key Takeaways

*   Business process outsourcing (BPO) involves sourcing business operations to specialized third-party vendors, enhancing efficiency and allowing companies to focus on core competencies.
*   The growth of BPO has extended into varied industries beyond manufacturing, such as healthcare, ecommerce, and energy, driven by the adoption of advanced technologies like AI and analytics.
*   Companies often choose BPO to benefit from lower labor costs and political stability in offshore locations while accessing expert technological resources and skills.
*   BPO can be categorized into three types: offshore outsourcing, nearshore outsourcing, and onshore outsourcing, each offering different geographical and cost benefits.
*   While BPO offers significant advantages in cost savings and operational flexibility, businesses must consider potential drawbacks such as data security risks and communication challenges.

## Exploring the Benefits and Uses of BPO

Many businesses, from small startups to large companies, opt to [outsource](https://www.investopedia.com/articles/personal-finance/082815/unintended-consequences-outsourcing.asp) various processes due to the availability of innovative services in today's highly competitive and dynamic business environment.

Companies use BPO in two main areas: [back-office](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/b/backoffice.asp) and [front-office](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/f/frontoffice.asp) operations. Back-office BPO includes outsourcing tasks like accounting, payment processing, information technology (IT) services, human resources (HR), compliance, and quality assurance to experts who ensure smooth operations. This approach may see the business leverage technological trends like cloud computing and AI, which improve efficiency and quality while reducing costs.

By contrast, front-office BPO tasks commonly include customer-related services such as tech support, sales, and marketing. These services help businesses improve customer experience and maintain a competitive edge in the market.

> **Important**
>
> The global business process outsourcing market was valued at $302.62 billion in 2024 and is projected to grow at a compound annual growth rate of 9.8% from 2025 to 2030.

## Key Factors to Consider in BPO

A company's BPO options depend on whether it outsources domestically or internationally.

BPO is known as "offshore outsourcing" when vendors are in different countries, like for customer support. One example is a U.S. company using an offshore BPO vendor in Singapore.

"Nearshore outsourcing" means outsourcing to a nearby country. For example, a U.S. company partnering with a BPO vendor in Canada falls under this category.

"Onshore outsourcing" or "domestic sourcing" is when BPO happens within the same country, even if the vendor is in another city or state.

BPO is often called information technology-enabled services (ITES) because it relies on technology and infrastructure that enables external companies to perform their roles efficiently.

## Why Businesses Choose BPO: Advantages and Strategic Benefits

Companies often choose BPO for its operational flexibility. By outsourcing non-core tasks, businesses can focus on core areas like customer relations and product innovation, gaining a competitive edge.

BPO also grants access to cutting-edge technological resources that might otherwise be out of reach. BPO partners continuously adopt the latest technologies and practices to improve their processes.

U.S. [corporate taxes](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/c/corporatetax.asp) are among the highest globally and could rise further with President Joe Biden's proposal to increase rates from 21% to 28%. Consequently, outsourcing to countries with lower taxes and labor costs becomes an effective cost-reduction strategy for American companies.

BPO provides quick reporting and improved productivity, and lets companies reallocate resources swiftly.

> **Fast Fact**
>
> Biden’s proposal to raise the federal corporate income tax rate from 21% to 28% would increase the United States’ combined state and federal corporate tax rate to 32%. This change would make the U.S. corporate tax rate nearly 50% higher than the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) average. Consequently, outsourcing operations to countries with lower taxes and labor costs would become a more attractive cost-reduction strategy for businesses.

## Challenges and Drawbacks of Using BPO

Though BPO offers benefits, it has downsides, too. A business that outsources its business processes may be prone to [data breaches](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/d/data-breach.asp) or communication issues that delay project completion. Additionally, businesses often underestimate the ongoing costs of BPO providers.

Another potential downside is customer backlash if outsourcing is perceived as compromising quality or negatively impacting domestic employment.

> **Fast Fact**
>
> BPO is a highly lucrative field: The estimated total pay for a Business Process Outsourcing professional in the United States is $205,756 per year, with an average salary of $125,808 per year.

## What Is the Goal of BPO, and What Are Its Types?

BPO is the abbreviation for business process outsourcing, which refers to when companies outsource business processes to a third-party (external) company. The primary goal is to cut costs, free up time, and focus on core aspects of the business. Two types of BPO are front-office and back-office. Back-office BPO entails the internal aspects of a business, such as payroll, inventory purchasing, and billing. Front-office BPO focuses on activities external to the company, such as marketing and customer service.

## What Are the Advantages of BPO?

There are numerous advantages to BPO. One of the primary advantages is that it lowers costs. Performing a certain job function internally costs a specific amount. BPO can reduce these costs by outsourcing this job to an external party, often in a less cost-intensive country, reducing the overall cost of performing that job function.

Other advantages include allowing a company to focus on core business functions that are critical to its success rather than on administrative tasks or other aspects of running a company that are not critical. BPO also helps with growth, particularly in global expansion. If a company is interested in opening an overseas branch or operating overseas, then utilizing a BPO company that has experience in the local industry and speaks the language is extremely beneficial.

## What Are the Types of BPO Companies?

There are three primary types of BPO companies. These are local outsourcing, offshore outsourcing, and nearshore outsourcing. Local outsourcing is a company in the same country as your business. Offshore outsourcing is a company that's in another country, and nearshore outsourcing is a company that's in a country not too far from your own.

## What Is a BPO Call Center?

A BPO call center manages incoming and outgoing customer calls for other businesses. It employs agents who can handle customer complaints or inquiries for multiple companies, often within a specific industry. For example, a call center agent may provide tech support for different vendors or manufacturers.

## The Bottom Line

The core advantages of business process outsourcing (BPO) include cost reduction, increased efficiency, and flexibility in business operations. These help companies focus on core competencies.

BPO has wide-ranging applications across industries like ecommerce, healthcare, and pharmaceuticals, demonstrating its versatility and growth potential.

Companies use business process outsourcing in two main areas: back-office and front-office operations. Back-office BPO involves internal business operations (billing, payroll, etc.), while front-office BPO focuses on external business activities (customer service, marketing, etc.).

BPO has three different types of outsourcing: nearshore, offshore, and onshore. Each offers different strategic benefits in terms of labor cost savings, operational expertise, and tax efficiency.

Challenges to business process outsourcing include communication hurdles, customer perceptions about outsourcing, and potential data security risks.

The BPO industry continues to expand, with almost 10% growth projected through 2030. This means that in our increasingly global economy, process outsourcing will remain relevant.

> **Article Sources**
>
> 1.  IBM. "[What Is Business Process Outsourcing (BPO)?](https://www.ibm.com/topics/business-process-outsourcing)"
>     
> 2.  Grand View Research. "[Business Process Outsourcing Market Size, Share & Trends Analysis Report By Service Type](https://www.grandviewresearch.com/industry-analysis/business-process-outsourcing-bpo-market) (Customer Services, Finance & Accounting), By Outsourcing Type, By Deployment, By End-use (IT and Telecommunication, BFSI), By Region, And Segment Forecasts, 2024–2030."
>     
> 3.  Grand View Research. "[Business Process Outsourcing Market (2025–2030)](https://www.grandviewresearch.com/industry-analysis/business-process-outsourcing-bpo-market)."
>     
> 4.  Cato Institute. "[President Biden Would Make the US a Tax Rate Outlier](https://www.cato.org/blog/biden-would-make-us-tax-rate-outlier#:~:text=Under%20current%20law%2C%20US%20income,percentage%20points%20above%20the%20average.)."
>     
> 5.  Glassdoor. "[How Much Does a Business Process Outsourcing Make?](https://www.glassdoor.com/Salaries/business-process-outsourcing-salary-SRCH_KO0,28.htm)"