# What Is the Arms Index (TRIN), and How Do You Calculate It?

> **Definition**
>
> The Arms index, also called the short-term trading index (TRIN) is a technical analysis indicator that compares the number of advancing and declining stocks (AD Ratio) to advancing and declining volume (AD volume).

## What Is the Arms Index (TRIN)?

The Arms index, also called the short-term trading index (TRIN) is a technical analysis indicator that compares the number of advancing and declining stocks (AD Ratio) to advancing and declining volume (AD volume). It's used to gauge overall market sentiment.

Richard W. Arms, Jr. invented the TRIN in 1967, and it measures the relationship between market supply and demand. It serves as a predictor of future price movements in the market, primarily on an intraday basis. It does this by generating overbought and oversold levels, which indicate when the index (and the majority of stocks in it) will change direction.

### Key Takeaways

*   If AD Volume creates a higher ratio than the AD Ratio, TRIN will be below one.
*   If AD Volume has a lower ratio than AD Ratio, TRIN will be above one.
*   A TRIN reading below one typically accompanies a strong price advance, since the strong volume in the rising stocks helps fuel the rally.
*   A TRIN reading above one typically accompanies a strong price decline, since the strong volume in the decliners helps fuel the selloff.
*   The Arms Index moves opposite the price trajectory of the Index. As discussed above, a strong price rally will see TRIN move to lower levels. A falling index will see TRIN push higher.

![Image](https://www.investopedia.com/thmb/kE7d2w_tu64hS_vBru5l6bfL5dA=/1500x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/dotdash_INV-final-Arms-Index-TRIN-July-2021-01-4fda14fb8abd47e2b4c33fa046e7567c.jpg)

*— Image by Sabrina Jiang © Investopedia 2021*

## Formula for Arms Index (TRIN)

﻿ $\begin{aligned} &\text{TRIN}\ =\ \frac{\text{Advancing Stocks/Declining Stocks}}{\text{Advancing Volume/Declining Volume}}\\ &\textbf{where:}\\ & \begin{aligned} \text{Advancing Stocks}\ =\ &\text{Number of stocks that are higher}\\ &\text{on the day}\end{aligned}\\ &\begin{aligned} \text{Declining Stocks}\ =\ &\text{Number of stocks that are lower}\\ &\text{on the day}\end{aligned}\\ &\begin{aligned} \text{Advancing Volume}\ =\ &\text{Total volume of all advancing}\\ &\text{stocks}\end{aligned}\\ &\begin{aligned}\text{Declining Volume}\ =\ &\text{Total volume of all declining}\\ &\text{stocks}\end{aligned} \end{aligned}$﻿

## How to Calculate the Arms Index (TRIN)

TRIN is provided in many charting applications. To calculate by hand, use the following steps.

1.  At set intervals, such as every five minutes or daily (or whatever interval is chosen), find the AD Ratio by dividing the number of advancing stocks by the number of declining stocks.
2.  Divide total advancing volume by total declining volume to get AD Volume.
3.  Divide the AD Ratio by AD Volume.
4.  Record the result and plot on a graph.
5.  Repeat the calculation at the next chosen time interval.
6.  Connect multiple data points to form a graph and see how the TRIN moves over time.

## What Does the Arms Index (TRIN) Tell You?

The Arms index seeks to provide a more dynamic explanation of overall movements in the composite value of stock exchanges, such as the NYSE or NASDAQ, by analyzing the strength and [breadth](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/m/market_breadth.asp) of these movements.

An index value of 1.0 indicates that the ratio of AD Volume is equal to the AD Ratio. The market is said to be in a neutral state when the index equals 1.0, since the up volume is evenly distributed over the advancing issues and the down volume is evenly distributed over the declining issues.

Many analysts believe that the Arms Index provides a [bullish](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/b/bull.asp) signal when it's less than 1.0, since there's more volume in the average up stock than the average down stock. In fact, some analysts have found that the long-term equilibrium for the index is below 1.0, potentially confirming that there is a bullish bias to the stock market.

On the other hand, a reading of greater than 1.0 is typically seen as a [bearish](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/b/bear.asp) signal, since there's more volume in the average down stock than the average up stock.

The farther away from 1.00 the Arms Index value is, the greater the contrast between buying and selling on that day. A value that exceeds 3.00 indicates an oversold market and that bearish sentiment is too dramatic. This could mean an upward reversal in prices/index is coming.

Conversely, a TRIN value that dips below 0.50 may indicate an overbought market and that bullish sentiment is overheating.

Traders look not only at the value of the indicator but also at how it changes throughout the day. They look for extremes in the index value for signs that the market may soon change directions.

## The Difference Between the Arms Index (TRIN) and the Tick Index (TICK)

TRIN compares the number of advancing and declining stocks to the volume of both advancing and declining stocks. The [Tick index](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/t/tickindex.asp) compares the number of stocks making an [uptick](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/u/uptick.asp) to the number of stocks making a [downtick](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/d/downtick.asp). The Tick Index is used to gauge intraday sentiment. The Tick Index does not factor in volume, but extreme readings still signal potentially overbought or oversold conditions.

> **Warning**
>
> Don't confuse the TRIN index for the share price of Trinity Capital (TRIN).

## Limitations of Using the Arms Index (TRIN)

The Arms Index has a few mathematical peculiarities that traders and investors should be aware of when using it. Since the index emphasizes volume, inaccuracies arise when there isn't as much advancing volume in advancing issues as expected. This may not be a typical situation, but it's a situation that can arise and could [potentially make the indicator unreliable](https://www.investopedia.com/articles/economics/11/flaws-in-market-indicators.asp).

Here are two examples of instances where problems may occur:

*   Suppose that a very bullish day occurs where there are twice as many advancing issues as declining issues and twice as much advancing volume as declining volume. Despite the very bullish trading, the Arms Index would yield only a neutral value of (2/1)/(2/1) = 1.0, suggesting that the index's reading may not be entirely accurate.
*   Suppose that another bullish scenario occurs where there are three times as many advancing issues as declining issues and twice as much advancing volume than declining volume. In this case, the Arms Index would actually yield a bearish (3/1)/(2/1) = 1.5 reading, again suggesting an inaccuracy.

One way to solve this problem would be to separate the two components of the indicator into issues and volume instead of using them in the same equation. For instance, advancing issues divided by declining issues could show one trend, while advancing volume over declining volume could show a separate trend. These ratios are called the advance/decline ratio and [upside/downside ratio](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/u/upsidedownsideratio.asp), respectively. Both of these could be compared to tell the market's true story.

## How Do You Use the TRIN Indicator?

Investors use the TRIN indicator to gauge the overall sentiment of the market. A high TRIN indicates that falling stocks are trading at a greater volume than rising stocks, suggesting that the market is overall headed downwards. A low TRIN indicates that rising stocks have a greater volume than falling stocks. This index can be used to predict future price movements.

## What Is the Tick Index?

The Tick index measures relative market movements, similar to the TRIN. The Tick index measures the number of stocks trading on an uptick, compared to the number of stocks on a downtick. Unlike TRIN, it does not account for the trading volume.

## What Is a Good TRIN Ratio?

A TRIN index below 1.0 is usually a bullish sign, indicating that the market is advancing. However, it is important to understand the peculiarities of the TRIN formula because there are some circumstances where it can generate false signals.

## The Bottom Line

The Arms Index, also known as the TRIN, is part of the galaxy of technical indicators used to measure and predict the movements of the stock market. This indicator reflects the market as a whole, and is used to predict when the overall sentiment of market participants is becoming bullish or bearish. As with other technical indicators, it is most effective when combined with other analytical tools.  

> **Article Sources**
>
> 1.  Nasdaq. "[Arms Index](https://www.nasdaq.com/glossary/a/arms-index)."
>     
> 2.  Google Finance. "[Trinity Capital Inc](https://www.google.com/finance/quote/TRIN:NASDAQ?hl=en)."