# Series 65 Exam Guide: Key Topics and Passing Tips

![Mixed group of millennial aged friends discuss investing and cryptocurrency trading](https://www.investopedia.com/thmb/4XkX-6m7mW8EnfB2ir1VY8Du5DQ=/1500x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/mixed-group-of-millennial-aged-friends-discuss-investing-and-cryptocurrency-trading-1169704211-dfc1992fd1534ce1949764f717f339c0.jpg)

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> **Definition**
>
> Series 65 is an exam and securities license required for individuals to act as investment advisers in the U.S.

## What Is the Series 65 Exam?

The Series 65 Exam, designed by the North American Securities Administrators Association (NASAA) and administered by the [Financial Industry Regulatory Authority (FINRA)](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/f/finra.asp), qualifies individuals to act as investment adviser representatives.

This exam covers laws, ethics, and investment strategies necessary for advising clients. To pass, candidates must correctly answer 92 out of 130 questions in 180 minutes, focusing on topics like economic factors, investment vehicle characteristics, and ethical practices. A passing score not only certifies expertise but also paves the way for a career as a licensed investment adviser.

### Key Takeaways

*   The Series 65 exam is designed to qualify candidates as investment adviser representatives (IARs) in most U.S. states.  
    
*   The exam tests knowledge in areas such as laws, regulations, securities, ethical practices, and fiduciary obligations.  
    
*   To pass the Series 65, candidates must correctly answer 92 out of 130 multiple-choice questions within three hours.  
    
*   No sponsorship is required to take the exam, but candidates must register and pay a $187 fee.  
    
*   While the Series 65 allows advisers to provide investment advice for a fee, additional licensing is needed to sell securities.  
    

## Comprehending the Series 65 Exam Requirements

Successful completion of the Series 65 exam is designed to qualify candidates as [investment adviser representatives](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/i/iar.asp) (IARs) in their home states.  As an IAR, advisors must act in a fiduciary capacity, offering investment advice to clients for a fee. 

Passing the Series 65 exam, or Uniform Investment Advisor Law Exam, is the sole requirement to become an IAR. There are no prerequisites, and candidates do not need to be sponsored by an investment firm to sit for the exam, but they need to file a Form U10 (Form U4 for brokers) and pay the $187 exam fee.

The Series 65 exam has 130 questions on essential topics for giving investment advice to clients.  It covers economics, financial markets, investment vehicles, strategies, analysis, and [ethics](https://www.investopedia.com/articles/financialcareers/08/broker-ethics-tips.asp).

If you are not charging a fee and you do not regularly provide advice on securities, then you most likely do not need to get your Series 65 license. Other FINRA-administered qualification examinations include the Series 3 National Commodities Futures (NCFE), Series 7 General Securities Representative (GS), and Series 63 Uniform Securities Agent State Law.

> **Important**
>
> Financial professionals who have successfully passed the Series 65 exam may not act as investment advisers until licensed and registered in their state.

## Breakdown of the Series 65 Exam Structure

The Series 65 exam has 130 multiple-choice questions, and candidates have 180 minutes to complete it. You must answer 92 correctly to pass (70%).

Test takers must schedule an exam at a qualified testing center, where they are provided with a basic four-function electronic calculator.

Only this calculator may be used during the exam. Dry-erase boards and markers are also provided for candidates. No reference materials are allowed, and cheating is strictly penalized.

A firm can schedule the exam for a candidate by filing Form U4 and paying $187. If an individual is not firm-registered, the candidate uses Form U10 to request and pay for the exam.

> **Fast Fact**
>
> If you only have a Series 65 license, you can give financial advice but you cannot sell securities, execute trades on behalf of clients, or manage portfolios. To do so, you will also need to pass the FINRA Series 7 exam, which is more intensive.

## Detailed Overview of Series 65 Exam Topics

[NASAA](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/n/nasaa.asp) provides updated information on the exam's content on its website. The exam is structured as follows:

*   **Economic Factors and Business Information (15%, 20 questions):** Topics include monetary and fiscal policy, economic indicators, financial reporting, quantitative methods, and basic risk concepts.
*   **Investment Vehicle Characteristics (25%, 32 questions):** Topics include cash and cash equivalents, fixed-income securities, methods of fixed-income valuation, equities and methods used in equity valuation, pooled investments, derivative securities, and insurance-based products.
*   **Client Investment Recommendations and Strategies (30%, 39 questions):** Topics include individuals; business entities and trusts; client profiles; capital market theory; portfolio management styles, strategies, and techniques; tax considerations; retirement planning; ERISA issues; special types of accounts; trading securities; exchanges and markets; and performance measurement.
*   **Laws, Regulations, and Guidelines, Including Prohibition on Unethical Business Practices (30%, 39 questions):** Topics include state and federal securities acts; rules and regulations for investment advisers, investment adviser representatives, broker-dealers, and agents; ethical practices; and fiduciary obligations, including communications with clients, compensation, client funds, and conflicts of interest.

### Effective Study Strategies for the Series 65 Exam

Several books and online resources can help you prepare for the Series 65 exam. Candidates are encouraged to devote between 50 to 70 hours to studying for the exam. For the Series 65 exam, you mainly need to memorize rules and laws.

People with good recall might require less preparation time than those who struggle with recall. Regardless, some exam sections are more challenging than others, especially for people with no background in securities.

In addition, Investopedia has reviewed several of the best Series 65 test prep courses, which you can find here.

## Comparing Series 65, Series 63, and Series 66 Exams

The NASAA offers three exams: Series 65, Series 63, and Series 66.

Created by NASAA in 1989, the Series 65 was the first exam to assess those seeking to provide advisory services.

At the time it was launched, it focused primarily on the [Uniform Securities Act](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/u/uniformsecuritiesact.asp), NASAA rules, and ethical practices in the securities industry.

The [Series 63](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/s/series63.asp) was developed to qualify candidates who wished to work in a state's securities industry and sell investment products, such as stocks, mutual funds, variable annuities, and unit investment trusts. In other words, to execute trades rather than give out financial advice.

The exam covers the principles of state securities regulations and laws and is formally known as the Uniform Securities Agent State Law Examination.

The [Series 66](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/s/series66.asp), a newer NASAA exam, combines content from Series 63 and 65, earning the name Combined State Law Exam. Test-takers of the Series 66 must also take the FINRA [Series 7](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/s/series7.asp) licensing exam (which is not a co-requisite of the Series 63 or 65, although many individuals will still need the Series 7 to operate legally).

## Does the Series 65 License Expire?

No, the Series 65 license does not expire as long as you are actively working in the financial services industry. If you leave the industry for more than two years, your new employer may require you to pass the Series 65 exam again.

## Do I Need a Sponsor to Take the Series 65?

No. To sit for the Series 65 exam, a candidate does not require sponsorship by a member firm.

## How Much Does the Series 65 Exam Cost?

The cost of taking the Series 65 exam is $187. You'll need a passing score of 70%, but if you fail you can pay the exam fee again and retake the test after 30 days.

## Can I Become an IAR Without Taking the Series 65?

Yes, but you will instead need to take the Series 7 and Series 66 exams.

## Is the Series 65 a Hard Exam?

The NASAA does not release official pass rates, however, test preparation programs estimate that the pass rate is around 65% to 70% of test takers.

## The Bottom Line

The Series 65 Exam, officially the Uniform Investment Adviser Law Exam, is essential for individuals seeking to become investment adviser representatives (IARs) in the United States. By covering topics such as laws, regulations, ethics, and financial concepts, the exam ensures candidates are prepared to offer investment advice and act in a fiduciary capacity.

With a 70% passing score requirement, the Series 65 signifies a minimum qualification demanded by most state regulators. Candidates can take the exam without sponsorship, but they should be aware of the $187 fee and the need for dedicated preparation, ranging from 50 to 70 hours of study.

> **Article Sources**
>
> 1.  NASAA. "[Series 65 Exam Content Outline](https://www.nasaa.org/exams/exam-content-outlines/series-65-exam-content-outline/)."
>     
> 2.  NASAA. "[Series 65 Test Specifications](https://www.nasaa.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/02/Series-65-Test-Specs.pdf)."
>     
> 3.  NASAA. "[Series 63 Exam Content Outline](https://www.nasaa.org/exams/general-exam-information/series-63-exam-content-outline/)."
>     
> 4.  NASAA. "[Series 66 Exam Content Outline](https://www.nasaa.org/exams/general-exam-information/series-66-exam-content-outline/)."
>     
> 5.  NASAA. "[Exam Faqs](https://www.nasaa.org/exams/exam-faqs/)." How Long Must I Wait After Failing an Exam Before I Can Take It Again?
>     
> 6.  Pass Perfect. "[Series 65 Exam Information](https://www.passperfect.com/series-65/series-65-exam-overview)." What Is the Series 65 Pass Rate?