# B2G Explained: How Businesses Sell Goods and Services to Government Agencies

## What Is Business to Government (B2G)?

Business to government (B2G) is the sale and [marketing of goods](https://www.investopedia.com/articles/financial-theory/11/small-business-marketing-techniques.asp) and services to federal, state, or local agencies. In modern lingo, there are three basic business models: [business to consumer](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/b/btoc.asp) (B2C), business to business (B2B), and business to government (B2G).

B2G represents a significant part of business. By the end of May 2024, the federal government had spent more than $3.8 trillion that fiscal year. Notably, a portion of its business is supposed to be spent on small business suppliers.

### Key Takeaways

*    The Business to Government (B2G) model involves businesses providing goods and services to government entities, requiring familiarity with specific procedures like requests for proposal (RFPs).  
    
*   Federal spending is substantial, with a portion allocated to small business suppliers, making B2G a significant opportunity for both large firms and small, independently-owned businesses.  
    
*   Obtaining government contracts can be a complex process, but they offer stability and potential for repeat business once a company establishes a successful track record.  
    
*   The General Services Administration (GSA) acts as the federal government's purchasing arm, regulating a vast array of products and services, highlighting the diverse nature of B2G contracts.  
    
*   Special provisions often favor small businesses, including those owned by veterans, women, and minorities, providing additional opportunities in government contracting.

## Exploring the Dynamics of Business to Government (B2G)

B2B business can be as modest as a small business providing IT support services to a town government. It can be as big as Boeing, which builds helicopters, missile defense systems, fighter jets, and surveillance aircraft, among many other products, for the U.S. Department of Defense (DoD).

At the federal level, the GSA acts as the government's main buyer, setting regulations for many products and services.

### Securing Government Contracts: A Guide for Businesses

Governments generally solicit services from the [private sector](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/p/private-sector.asp) through [requests for proposal](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/r/request-for-proposal.asp) (RFPs).

The GSA website, GSAAdvantage.gov, is a shopping portal for government agencies and gives an idea of the sheer breadth of products purchased by the federal government.

Not surprisingly, given the enormous numbers and range of federal, state, and local purchasing requirements, an entire sector of the internet is devoted to matching businesses to government agencies.

## Weighing the Pros and Cons of Business to Government (B2G)

Businesses that are used to interacting with other businesses or directly with consumers often encounter unexpected hurdles when working with government agencies.

Governments usually take longer than private companies to approve and start projects. Regulations can slow down the contracting process.

While government contracts require more paperwork, time, and vetting, they offer benefits in providing goods and services to the public sector.

Government contracts are typically large and more stable than private-sector work. A company with a successful history in such contracts often finds it easier to secure more.

## Key Considerations for Success in Business to Government (B2G)

### Capitalizing on the Small Business Advantage in B2G

Federal requirements often specify that certain amounts of appropriated funds must be spent on contracts with small businesses. This potentially can give smaller businesses an advantage in B2G activity, or at least offset some of the advantages that large, well-established government contractors may already enjoy.

> **Important**
>
> The Small Business Administration (SBA) offers an online guide to help small businesses win federal contracts.

To qualify as a small business contractor, a business must register, show it is independently owned, and contribute significantly to the U.S. economy.

In addition to small businesses, federal laws and regulations often mandate certain amounts of spending be directed toward groups such as veterans, women, and racial or ethnic minorities. Small businesses [owned by members of these groups](https://www.investopedia.com/discrimination-in-small-business-contracts-5113819) may enjoy special advantages in obtaining B2G contracts.

## What Are B2G Examples?

Because of the scale of government spending at local, state, and federal levels, there are a broad range of B2G examples.

Some of the most evident involve infrastructure spending at a national scale—think about construction firms contracted to build interstate freeways or to repair railroads. B2G can also look like a food service provider contracted to supply produce to local public schools.

## Why Is B2G Important?

B2G contracts benefit both parties involved in a contract. The government agency obtains a good or service from a firm with experience in a given sector, and the contracted firm receives revenue for its products.

## What Is B2A?

B2A is virtually synonymous with B2G. While B2G stands for "business to government," B2A stands for "business to administration." This refers to commerce conducted between businesses and administrative branches of government. The two concepts are often used interchangeably.

## The Bottom Line

Business to government (B2G) refers to the provisions of goods and services to the government sector. It's a distinct form of business model, much like business to business (B2B) and business to consumer (B2C) models. Both established firms and small businesses alike can seek to obtain B2G contracts by responding to requests for proposals. Because of the scale of government spending, B2G contracts are often highly coveted.

> **Article Sources**
>
> 1.  Department of Treasury. "[How Much Has the U.S. Government Spent This Year?](https://fiscaldata.treasury.gov/americas-finance-guide/federal-spending/)"
>     
> 2.  Boeing. "[Defense](https://www.boeing.com/defense/)." Accessed Aug. 12, 2021.
>     
> 3.  U.S. General Services Administration. "[Buying and Selling](https://www.gsa.gov/buying-selling)." Accessed Aug. 12, 2021.
>     
> 4.  GSA Advantage! "[Home](https://www.gsaadvantage.gov/advantage/ws/main/start_page?store=ADVANTAGE)." Accessed Aug. 12, 2021.
>     
> 5.  U.S. Small Business Administration. "[Contracting Guide](https://www.sba.gov/federal-contracting/contracting-guide)." Accessed Aug. 12, 2021.
>     
> 6.  U.S. Small Business Administration. "[Basic Requirements](https://www.sba.gov/federal-contracting/contracting-guide/basic-requirements)." Accessed Aug. 12, 2021.
>     
> 7.  U.S. Small Business Administration. "[Types of Contracts](https://www.sba.gov/federal-contracting/contracting-guide/types-contracts#section-header-0)." Accessed Aug. 12, 2021.