# How to Write a Killer Cover Letter: Types and Essential Tips

## What Is a Cover Letter?

A cover letter accompanies your job application, offering a personalized introduction that highlights your credentials and interest in the role. This key document can significantly impact whether you [secure an interview](https://www.investopedia.com/articles/personal-finance/083115/financial-analyst-cover-letters-get-you-hired.asp), as it complements your resume and differentiates you from other candidates.

### Key Takeaways

*   A cover letter accompanies a resume to provide insight into an applicant's credentials and their interest in a specific job position.
*   Crafting a personalized cover letter for each job application is crucial to standing out in a competitive job market.
*   There are different types of cover letters, such as application, referral, and prospecting letters, each serving different purposes in the job application process.
*   A well-written cover letter should be concise, error-free, and complement, not duplicate, the information in the resume.
*   Avoiding common cover letter mistakes, like restating the resume and including unnecessary details, enhances an applicant's chance of being noticed.

![Cover Letter](https://www.investopedia.com/thmb/BMB3sofCBkJOB9g2qzTC7s0ltnI=/1500x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/cover-letter.asp-FINAL-1-f125288614e945bf891b995f864d0b22.png)

*— Investopedia / Joules Garcia*

## Exploring the Role and Impact of Cover Letters

Most [job postings](https://www.investopedia.com/financial-edge/0711/9-different-ways-to-find-a-new-job.aspx) are done online and no longer require a physical application. Instead, applicants send companies a copy of their [resume](https://www.investopedia.com/articles/financialcareers/10/investment-banking-resume.asp) along with a cover letter either by email or with a hard copy through the mail. A resume offers a glimpse into the professional and academic experience of a potential employee. The cover letter, on the other hand, acts as an introduction written by the candidate to express their interest in the position and what makes them the best fit for the job.

A good cover letter complements a resume by expanding on items relevant to the job. In essence, it's a sales pitch that describes why the applicant is the best person for the position. Career experts advise job seekers to spend time customizing each cover letter for the particular position, rather than using a generic missive. Although this requires extra effort, it can be very helpful in allowing an applicant to stand out above the competition.

The cover letter provides information to the employer about who the candidate is as a professional and as a person. This includes their areas of interest, professional goals, knowledge, skills they've gained over the years, achievements, passions, and aspirations. The cover letter should be a one-page document that provides a clear and concise idea about why the candidate is the best person for the [job](https://www.investopedia.com/job-hunting-2021-5111878). The cover letter should also show how well the candidate fits the company culture.

## Different Types of Cover Letters Explained

While there is no set template for a cover letter, the type of letter that you write will depend on the requirements of each individual company or employer. The details in a cover letter change based on the application's goals and purpose.

*   **An application cover letter** is the most common type of cover letter. It usually responds to a vacancy posted on a company website or job board. In addition to answering any specific questions posted in the job ad, it may also highlight any experience or skills that are suitable for the position.
*   **A referral cover letter** is similar to an application letter, but it includes the name of a colleague or employee who recommended the applicant for the open position. A strong referral can help you stand out against other applicants.
*   **A prospecting cover letter**, also known as a letter of interest, is written by a job seeker and addressed to a company where they would like to work. However, it is not aimed at a specific role or vacancy. Instead, this type of letter inquires about open positions in general and may highlight any special skills that make the writer suitable for the company.

## Crafting an Effective Cover Letter

When employers post a job ad that requires a cover letter, they may specify certain requirements for the cover letter to address. For example, they may require applicants to answer certain questions, or to respect a certain word limit. It is important to follow these requirements, as they reflect on the applicant's ability to understand and follow directions.

If not specified by the employer, a cover letter should be one page or less, including a formal greeting, contact details, and links to the applicant's work. It should highlight any special skills, and explain why you would be a good fit for the position. This is your chance to impress the employer: Even if your resume does not have everything an employer wants, a well-written cover letter can make the applicant stand out from the crowd.

However, it is possible to include too much information. Most employers will simply glance at the majority of their cover letters, and a long-winded essay might end up at the bottom of the pile. A few short paragraphs explaining your skills, and why you chose that specific employer, should be enough to put your best foot forward.

## Essential Tips for Writing a Standout Cover Letter

Writing a cover letter doesn't have to be tedious—even though it may seem like it's a chore. Here are a few simple tips you may want to consider when composing your cover letter:

*   **Personalize your letter for each role.** Never use a generic cover letter. This means you have to write a new one for each position. Be sure to include your strengths and skills, and explain why you’re the perfect candidate.
*   **Include contact information.** If the posting doesn't include the hiring manager's name, call the [company](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/c/company.asp), or check its website. Including this person's name gives your letter a proper greeting and also shows you have initiative. And don't forget to add your contact information, too. This is important if your resume gets separated from your cover letter.
*   **Simplify your letter.** Write clearly and concisely. Using complex words and sentences would most certainly fail to convey your intentions with the company and the person reading the letter probably won't bother with the rest of your application.
*   **Be specific when needed.** Don't rehash your resume, so be sure to quantify your accomplishments. For instance, expand on your marketing experience in your cover letter by saying you brought in 200 additional clients each month and increased revenue to $10,000. This can set you apart from candidates with vague personal details.
*   **Proofread.** After you’ve written the letter, go over it a few times to ensure there are no errors. Then ask someone else to do a once-over and recommend any changes you may need to make.

> **Important**
>
> A simple, focused cover letter without any typos or grammatical errors will get you noticed by potential employers.

A perfect resume can often be sabotaged by a poorly thought-out cover letter or one that is laden with mistakes. Whether you include the letter as per required submission guidelines, or you simply want to emphasize your interest in the job, make sure you avoid making these blunders.

*   **Names matter.** This includes the name of the hiring manager, the company, and yes, even yours. Make sure you have the right names and the correct spelling. And don't forget to change the names if you're using the same cover letter for multiple jobs.
*   **Restating your resume.** Since the cover letter is used to [identify your skills](https://www.investopedia.com/career-advice-4689809) and explain how your previous experience is applicable to the desired position, don't restate the stuff on your resume. Remember, the cover letter should complement your resume, not just summarize it.
*   **Keep your letter tight.** [Recruiters](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/h/headhunter.asp) often go through hundreds of applications and don't have time to read through a three-page missive. The absolute maximum length for a cover letter should be one page, with a few concise paragraphs.
*   **Omit unnecessary details.** Stay on topic. There's no need to mention your graphic-design skills if you're applying for an accounting position. It's a good idea to leave out personal things like your IQ, recreational accomplishments, interests, and hobbies. That is unless they relate to the job or company.
*   **Avoid sounding arrogant.** Ensure your cover letter does not make you appear [arrogant](https://www.investopedia.com/articles/financial-careers/09/10-coworker-personality-conflicts.asp). While the cover letter is about you and your accomplishments, find a way of saying "I'm the best" without actually saying it. Avoid overusing words like "I," "me," or "my."
*   **Remember that spelling counts.** Typos and grammatical errors can show you didn't bother to proofread your own letter. And make sure to be consistent—don't convey a dash with "--" in one place and "—" in another.
*   **Design matters**: with the proliferation of publishing, design trends, and software, candidates have become creative in making their cover letter stand out from a design perspective. Make sure your cover letter projects your personality in terms of design while remaining professional. That is personal signature and branding.

## How Long Should a Cover Letter Be?

According to [Indeed](https://www.investopedia.com/articles/personal-finance/020215/indeed-vs-linkedin.asp), a leading job-seeking site, a typical cover letter should be about three or four paragraphs long and highlight any special experience or achievements that make the applicant exceptionally well-suited to the position.

## How Do You Start a Cover Letter?

A cover letter should start with a formal greeting, preferably addressed to the hiring manager. If you do not know who will be reading your cover letter, a generic "to whom it may concern" is an acceptable, albeit old-fashioned, way to address a cover letter. It is also acceptable to address the letter to a title, such as "Dear Hiring Manager," or "Dear Talent Acquisition Team."

## What Should a Cover Letter Contain?

An effective cover letter should highlight the applicant's skills, experience, and any achievements that make them a good fit for their prospective employer. It is also a good chance to mention anything that is not included in the resume: For example, if an applicant is drawn to a certain employer because they love a certain product, the cover letter is a great place to mention it. Make sure your cover letter also includes your name and contact information.

## The Bottom Line

Crafting a concise and tailored cover letter can significantly enhance your job application by showcasing your unique skills and fit for the role. Ensure it complements your resume by highlighting relevant achievements and aligning with the company's culture.

Avoid common pitfalls like generic content or excessive length, which can detract from your application. With attention to detail and personalization, a well-written cover letter becomes a persuasive tool in securing an interview.  

> **Article Sources**
>
> 1.  Harvard Extension School. "[Resources and Cover Letters: An Extension School Resource](https://cdn-careerservices.fas.harvard.edu/wp-content/uploads/sites/161/2022/03/hes-resume-cover-letter-guide.pdf)," Pages 3 and 5.
>     
> 2.  Harvard Extension School. "[Resources and Cover Letters: An Extension School Resource](https://cdn-careerservices.fas.harvard.edu/wp-content/uploads/sites/161/2022/03/hes-resume-cover-letter-guide.pdf)," Page 5.
>     
> 3.  Jobscan. "[Cover Letter Formats](https://www.jobscan.co/cover-letter-formats)."
>     
> 4.  Indeed. "[What Is a Cover Letter?](https://www.indeed.com/career-advice/resumes-cover-letters/what-is-a-cover-letter)"
>     
> 5.  Indeed. "[How to Address a Cover Letter (With Examples)](https://www.indeed.com/career-advice/resumes-cover-letters/how-to-address-a-cover-letter-with-examples)."