By the end of the decade. Okay. So by 2030. Yeah.


The QRL Show | News Roundtable (LIVE June 11th @ 2pm EST/11AM PST)

Just wanted to make sure I clarify I had it right there. And one part that I forgot to add on to the part I was talking about with El Salvador is one of the parts the proposal that's actually really noteworthy.


And as we talked about earlier, El Salvador does not they use USD as their currency.


So I'm just going to pop it up in the screen here because it's actually pretty notable.


It's said within the proposal that got passed into law is central banks are increasingly taking actions that may cause harm to the economic stability of El Salvador.


In order to mitigate negative impact from central banks, it's become necessary to authorize the circulation of a digital currency with a supply that cannot be controlled.


By any central bank, it is only altered in accord with objective and calculable criteria.


And I think having this in that they have been seeing what's going on since the beginning of 2020 and before that with a US dollar of printing money and everything that's going on in that area.


And it's just I think it's very notable to just to mention that part because we're not talking about a country that is on their own form of currency.


And it's just like hey, we want to adopt Bitcoin.


This is a smaller country that is seeing, hey, Bitcoin could be one of the avenues that can help spring us forward with innovation moving forward.


So I just wanted to mention that part.


And what I'd like to do now, strike is I want to ask you with what we talked about with El Salvador and, you know, their adoption of Bitcoin.


And then I know you mentioned a couple parts on sailor. Is this adoption of Bitcoin and cryptocurrency's in and out and then the ability.


And if so, can you hedge against those risk? What's what's your take on that based on what we just discussed?


If you look at the rate of adoption, you're definitely looking at more and more adoption by corporations adding the balance sheets.


Now we have countries. In fact, I had posed the question in I'm going to say January or February of this year as to when countries will start to do this.


Now we have our answer.


It's now. And in a much though same way that corporations are doing this, people are going to take notice of El Salvador doing this.


What they are looking for is the same thing individuals should be looking for.


Well, I guess that depends on if you're a banker or not.


Yeah. Or your position in life. However, what they want is financial sovereignty for their country.


The US, US United States deficits. I mean, we all know that we all know that at least we should.


At this point, the other reach of consensus that the financial system is not based on equality.


The United States plays a integral role as being the world reserve currency. So dollars exist everywhere.


We do our deficit spending. Right. And as we print more currency deficit spend by mortgage back security, sell treasuries.


Those debased the dollars, the purchasing power of dollars everywhere in the world.


That doesn't benefit El Salvador. They know this.


I mean, picture.


Picture in Ireland, picture in Ireland with 10 people on it. Okay. There's five banana trees. Okay.


Ex amount of ex amount of bananas on each tree.


All of a sudden there's price. Everything is pretty stable in prices. Banana is a growth of certain rate.


There's a point here. All of a sudden someone figure out is it a way to make bananas pop out of thin air.


What happens to prices? There's the same amount of stuff on the island. Right.


At a small scale, not necessarily at a macro scopic country wide scale, but the same amount of stuff prices are going to go up.


So I think adoption of this as and as people start to realize this.


That want to be an actually want to own something for real actual have actual ownership.


That adoption will increase. I think it's inevitable and inevitably.


Yeah. Thanks for diving into that one.


What I'm going to do now for the next second here is I am going to be popping up in on the screen.


A mnemonic phrase so that in the meantime, what I'm going to do here is I'm going to be popping up a mnemonic phrase.


So just below myself and Michael here's an mnemonic phrase.


And if anybody wants to grab a little bit of a quanta, a little QRL, feel free to take a screenshot of this real quick.


And we'll take it off in about five or ten seconds. But in the meantime, what else we're going to be doing now is at the end of this episode, we are going to be diving into a little bit of AMA.


So I'm going to leave this mnemonic phrase on for about five or ten more seconds, then I'm going to take it off.


And then if you have any questions based on the colonial pipeline, BTC FBI fiasco that started in early May has moved into June or what we've just discussed regarding.


Elsewhere and the whole adopting Bitcoin is legal tender. Whatever questions you have on that or if you have questions on our project moving forward, please drop those in the chat.


And in about 30 seconds, myself and Michael will jump in and we'll try to answer a few and we'll go from there.


If we have a few questions and if not, well, we'll just move forward into next next week's episode.


But let's hop into the chat right now real quick and let's see to what we got.


Actually one from Sinks.


Yep, you want me to pop that one up?


Yeah, you can pop up his values.


I used, it's like a medieval speak.


I used a quantum processor.


I don't think that this was quantum related.


I am a quantum optimist.


One of the FBI statements that was pretty clear is they didn't want to reveal the technique that they used to derive that private address so that they could use it in the future.


Now if it was a quantum processor, they would be able to do that irrespective of however the Bitcoin was sent.


So I think that's probably not it.


Yeah, well, we're waiting for a couple of questions to come over from Discord.


Can you touch on just briefly just for 30 to 60 seconds on what's been going on with Enclave?


I know a lot of that is still in development with the development team, but can you just touch on this briefly just for those of you if maybe someone's new to the QRL as learning about what we're doing.


And it has maybe heard about what's going to be coming soon with Enclave.


Can you briefly touch on this just while we're waiting for a few other questions to potentially pop in?


So if you're not familiar with our project, the quantum resistant ledger, we are a NATO, we are a native coin.


We have our own blockchain.


We've been in mainnet for almost what's going on three years now.


We use a hash-based signature scheme that is provably quantum computer resistant.


And the signature scheme is essentially the address, the address scene that you own as your in Bitcoin, the equivalent would be the public in private address.


The address you have people sent to and the address that you sent to.


So the difference is that our signature scheme is based on hashing algorithms, such as SHA-256,


and hashing algorithms are known to be very, very quantum resistant.


It's very difficult to get a pre-image after you get a hash output.


So there is a strong scientific community consensus that hashing algorithms are quantum secure.


We also are moving forward with an Enclave project that's been in development for a little while.


This is going to be able to take your ethereum.


And I've said this before, here on the project, QO, we're big fans of major coins.


We love Bitcoin, we love Ethereum.


We're not saying we're better than they are.


We are providing another option in order to quantum secure your digital assets.


You know, outside of what would be perceived by many to be a black swan event.


But our Enclave project will allow you to quantum secure your ethereum and to select subset of ERC20s.


And as this project and ecosystem evolves, it can, it had the tech itself can evolve into other layer two blockchains.


You know, this could end up being Cardano, this could end up being Polkadot.


You know, it would be smart contracts, it would be layer two at that point.


This can't, this is an available technology.


So it has the ability to scale.


So if you're not familiar, docs.duckurl.org, Discord group,


dub, dub, dub, dub, dukurl.org is a good place to start.


If you have an interest in post quantum cryptography and blockchain security.


Awesome. Thanks for diving into that strike.


And along with going to docs.atthecural.org, checking out what we're doing with QRL, Enclave,


make sure also to subscribe to our channel here.


If you're watching this, it's the bottom right.


Just hit that subscribe bell. That way you are notified each week


we come out with new episodes.


And you'll be first to know about it.


But I'm just going to check real quick.


See if we have any other questions in the chat real quick here.


And you want to check as well.


Mike, we got one for a few.


We'll see.


Cheers and ham.


Perfect. I will pop that one up.


We'll probably answer one or two more questions.


And we'll see if we get any more in here.


So this one is, what do you think most other blockchain projects


aren't addressing quantum resistance?


Is it not believing that quantum computers are going to be around


in the next 10 to 20 years?


Apathy, something else?


This is a good question.


Michael, what's your take on this?


Good question.


Two thoughts.


Let's go with this.


First off, asymmetric encryption,


which is what ecdsa is based off, which is what Bitcoin use of


Ethereum, 99.9% of blockchains use some sort of factorization.


The ccdc, ecdsa, asymmetric, all of this stuff was invented in the


It's classically secure.


People are comfortable with it.


People know it.


Once you go quantum, everything changes.


It's hard to wrap your mind around things like superpositioning


and tanglemen, quantum CPU.


What do you mean these things can't be described physically?


They can only be described mathematically.


And they don't exist unless they don't have any physical substance


unless they're observed.


These are difficult things.


And at the same time, look at the crypto market that we have today.


Most investors in crypto right now, they don't,


those coin as an example, instant gratification.


I don't have time to wait around to figure out if quantum is really,


if quantum is really a thing.


I want to be rich now.


Okay.


We're, when Lambo, right?


So I think that a combination of progress that still needs to be


progress and engineering problems that still need to be,


still need to be solved in order to bring quantum CPUs to scale


so that they don't, essentially they create,


so that they don't cross,


since they cross-talk to each other and it causes decoherence.


So those things still need to be brought to scale.


But Honeywell, IonQ, there's, IBM,


there's amazing things that are being done in,


we're seeing a clear trend.


So at the end of the day, just ask yourself,


does this look like a risk?


It looks like a risk, you know, this, this,


this could be a crypto for you.


That's, that's a good answer on that one.


I know we could probably go on for, for that answer for,


for quite a while.


I know we've done that in past episodes.


I'm sure we will in some, some future, future ones.


But I'm just a touch on that real quick.


Strike, can you cover really quick on the,


for people that maybe they're a bit newer to this?


Can you cover the factorization aspect with private and public?


He just a little bit, just to give them a little bit more of a visual


for understanding that with classical computers,


you're not able to crack it,


but with a quantum computer you would have the ability for it.


Could you just maybe for 30 to 60 seconds,


just cover what factorization is, if, let's say I had my 11 year old


cousin or nephew on here, how would you, how would you cover that?


Just if someone in layman's room is to someone new.


Yeah, I'll do that.


And just quick answer on MD Lang's question is more,


is more a law applying in a similar way to quantum computers.


It's, it, it, it, it is being exponential,


but if you look at Neven's law, it's possibly even doubly exponential.


Yeah, like it was. Yeah.


Yeah. So, in order to understand the answer to what you're asking,


you need to understand what a Bitcoin addresses.


A Bitcoin address is a random,


as random as possible, 256 bit address.


Okay.


Yep.


That, the 256 bit address, it can be written down on paper.


Because that never needs to be submitted to the network,


you can do this all offline.


Once you have that random, 256 bits,


you prefer what you performance called elliptical curve multiplication.


And this is where the factorization of prime numbers.


This is a called, this is essentially a one way function.


You end up driving, you end up with a after,


after you perform a perform elliptical curve multiplication,


you end up with your public key.


So the ability to go from a private key to a public key is,


is, is, is, is easy to do.


It's trivial.


But the, but this is a one way gate.


The ability to go from,


to go backwards to,


go backwards from the public to the private is considered classically impossible.


In other words, in the order of hundreds of millions of years.


Um,


quantum computers have an algorithm.


It's been around since 1994.


Dr., Dr. Peter Shore invented this,


while ago in which,


you're able to, with a sufficiently powerful quantum computer,


you are able to perform, uh,


factorization in polynomial time,


which is essentially just meaning much, much faster than classical computers can.


So, uh,


in the, in the early days, the, the public addresses were actually,


uh, the ones that get written to the blockchain.


There's lots of them out there.


Nowadays, there's things like, uh,


Edison schemes like, uh, paid a public key hash,


where you just get the hash signature that gets written to the actual ledger.


But that doesn't mean,


but in the differences in order to sign that transaction,


you have to submit your, uh, public key to a node in order to sign that transaction.


That's all clear text.


So there is no easy migration path for Bitcoin.


It is, uh, my creation path and a success,


a successful one would be unprecedented coordination in, uh,


blockchain community.


Yeah. No, thank you for that.


I mean, into that.


I know there's a lot of, uh, some people, it's,


it's a bit intimidating at first when you, when you learn about it.


And then you're, you're understanding, okay, well, with factorization and kind of the private key and then the public key sign.


But thank you for breaking it down.


Um, so it's a bit more digestible.


And, um, let's just check real quick.


See if there is, uh, I think we, uh, went through quite a number of questions.


We're running on about 40 minutes here with lives.


So I think, uh, what we're going to do now is we're going to close up today's episode.


And when I want to leave us with his first off, uh, Michael, I appreciate you coming on today and diving into these topics.


And, uh, lastly, leaving with that, I want to, um, if you are newer to our project, the QRL and maybe for about on click a little bit.


What's up coming with that?


I would recommend that you first go to the qRL.org.


Maybe just click around on our YouTube channel here or if you're watching Facebook live.


And if you're watching Facebook live, you can go to the YouTube channel and click around some of our other YouTube videos.


Kind of get a little bit more of a sense and a taste for what we're about and see if there's conviction there on your side.


And if it aligns with, uh, what your beliefs are moving forward.


And if you are a bit further along the road and you've already done that, maybe a better place to start out would be jump into our discord.


And, uh, community members and that's where a lot of engaging conversation takes place that's a bit more higher up.


And not to say if you're new, it's a great place you can jump into discord.


There's a lot of friendly folks in there that will, um, help answer any questions you have.


But start out if you're a bit newer, maybe dive around a few more YouTube videos, the qRL.org, start, get your toes feet wet a little bit.


And then jump into our discord community and really start diving down the, um, the rabbit hole of QRL and just learning about the space in general.


But, um, for myself and Michael, we appreciate you joining us in this week's live stream and we look forward to seeing you in next week's video.


Have a quantum secure weekend and we will see you all soon.


QRL Ask Me Anything #4 with QRL Lead Developer Kaushal Singh - E13

Welcome everyone back to the official Quantum Resistance Ledger channel, your video portal in the pulse quantum digital asset security.


So today we have a special episode with Kashal Kimar Singh. He is our lead developer on the Quantum Resistance Ledger project.


The topic today is going to be proof of stake. The questions were submitted through Discord and we're going to answer them for you today.


So I talked to Kashal a little bit before this interview so that I could understand a little bit more about his background.


In the year 2015 Kashal became fascinated with the idea of blockchain and cryptocurrencies in general and shortly after that he moved full-time professionally into this space.


Since then he works to innovate blockchain technology and also believes that blockchain has a lot of potential to disrupt different sectors and bring transparency


and security to different platforms and different industries. Kashal holds a Bachelor of Technology and Computer Science and Engineering and an MBA in Finance from KIT University.


So as I mentioned this video is going to be about proof of stake and we're going to answer your questions so let's jump on the phone and let's get started.


Welcome back everyone this is Michael Straycke and on the phone I have Kashal Singh lead developer at the Quantum Resistance Ledger project. Kashal can you hear me?


Yeah I can. Excellent how are you doing today?


I'm doing great thank you for you. Very good.


So as you know as I think you're aware we have some questions from our community, specifically regarding proof of stake.


For any newcomers proof of stake is on our roadmap to migrate away from proof of work. So the consensus algorithm that QRL to point all would be going towards.


So I've collected some questions here we're going to run through them hopefully have a little bit of fun along the way. Is that sound good Kashal?


Yeah that's very exciting.


Awesome.


So the first question we have is if proof of stake in enclave will be released before smart contracts, will the atomic swap feature, if QRL be included in enclave or will we be waiting for smart contracts to be able to swap.


So the smart contracts are going to be really interesting right that's what put a theorem on the map. All intelligent blockchains are moving the smart contracts.


There's additional things that are being put in the block space like parachaining and increasing interoperability with smart contracts. But from from what I can see it doesn't look like smart contracts are being obsolete by any other technology. So I think that this makes a really good move.


For the project.


Does that sound about right to you Kashal?


Yeah, yeah that's actually right.


Excellent.


Next question.


And he's wondering if this can be a long term issue or problem for QRL. So the first one is this is a recall looks like it's a Twitter post.


And it's a pretty good question.


So a proof of work requires the ability to mind pseudo-anonymously, without that you'd likely get binding cartels that fully centralized control.


Currently cartels conform, but they can't know if a member is secretly mining outside of the cartel.


The majority of staking powers help entities that can identify one another. And if they can spot defection, they're probably incentivized to form a cartel include.


It's kind of weird, but decentralization requires that defectors can get away with defection. I mean, you know, the last statements kind of interesting and certainly true.


You know, pseudo-anonymity and decentralization enabling the dark side and the light side, if you will. But go ahead, Kashal.


Yeah, so I agree with the points to some extent, but such as proof of work allows you to mind pseudo-anonymously.


And easily change your mining hardware to mine outside the cartel by pointing your hardware to a different pool and using a new mining address.


So basically a new mining address makes it harder for the cartel to identify your new identity over the network. So yeah, I figured to some extent, but in proof of stake if you are staking.


If you are a part of some group or cartel who act together, in case you would like to leave the group and you would like to have a new identity, you need to move your funds from one address to another, which means you can still be traced by the cartel.


So that doesn't mean there are no ways to set up a new identity. The process could be complex in case of proof of stake compared to proof of work, but it is still possible.


You just need to use an exchange and you can establish a new identity such that you cannot be detected by the cartel.


And with the coins having algorithms which allows anonymous transaction in such a case you even don't need an exchange, you can simply move your funds that you're using to stake in proof of stake from one address to another address and basically no one will be able to identify who receive this amount of staking.


So in coins having such kinds of algorithms which allows anonymous transaction it will be much more easier to move funds and to establish a new identity, but yeah, in the coins like you are you can still use exchanges to establish a new identity, but it will be little bit more complicated computer to proof of work.


I was thinking about this question as I was reading it as you were talking so.


So in proof of work consensus mechanisms right you have the you have the infamous 51% civil attack right and you know if if you want percent you can maliciously then some blocks to your will.


But proof of stake you know being fundamentally different I don't know I don't know what the difference is between if you have a collusion on chain with the same wallet or if you have a collusion off chain.


So proof of stake your you know the return is just the stake them out that you get and you could collude on the back side, but it's not like the more you stake it's a progressive the higher percentage you stake the higher the higher you get and with a 51% if you once you get along that 51% magic number you know that enables you to perform the civil attack, but with proof of stake.


So if you're a 51% okay you what you have 51% of voting if you're the chain does on chain voting, but let's just say you could you could just collude off chain you know it doesn't have to be on chain so.


I have a question but and I haven't thought about thought about a fully through but i'm not sure that there's a big difference there that it matters because you could just from what I can from what I understand I think you could just do anything off chain and just coordinate rather than having to do it on chain what do you think any thoughts on that or.


I mean you can coordinate together to to have to misbehave on the network so it could be like a group of people who have like to own that 51% stake on the proof of stake may decide to.


I know that any blocks coming from a specific staking address and what they can do is like simply know that block and simply build a new block.


So that in that case a specific staking address will always be ignored and he will not be able to get any staking reward it's just because those 51%.


So, the thing is the card is harming itself harming the network and so this orange behavior of the card may result into the drop in the price of the coin itself which means like the state value of the card has been reduced so.


But yeah the attack is possible even if the car can lose that whatever he's doing is going to harm himself the car can still make an attack for certain period of time.


Yeah definitely that's a second good point to it's let you know like having a savings account if you can be a bad actor and add money you know through malicious ways into your savings account while Simon but at the same time it's going to crash the value of the dollar.


Because of how you know how well to let you know that blockchain ecosystem is is that really worth it. I don't know if I had a big stick honestly if I had a big stake and I had if you know if I had 50% of something.


I mean the game theory my my perception of game theory would be them to do whatever it takes to maintain the trust of the community to make to incentivize others and myself around me to make sure that that everything is being operated you know everything is done valid so that's my take on it.


Proof of stakes are you know still relatively new tech I think the community the blockchain is all still probably now some things to learn and figure out a good question though.


And I mean that means proof of stake proof of work hybrid.


So I don't know if I've there's probably some chains out there that do hybrid. I don't know if I've heard of any I have it look at it.


I have seen like coin and take it as tried has made it like to first take was proof of first so it's kind of thing like with proof of stake you are having some advantage but if there is some kind of disadvantage in proof of stake you can set out that with having a hybrid version.


So next question will there be the use of master knows on the QRL network with the move from proof of work to proof of stake.


We try our best to avoid any kind of centralization so the master notes will result into some sort of centralization and this is why there will be no master notes while we will be migrating from proof of work to proof of student.


Sounds good.


Next question with the switch to proof of stake will there be a seaside algorithm implemented to handle the payout of stake to quantum or how will that be handled.


Currently we have not decided how the remarks will be distributed among the block proposal and the test is in the debit version we have a fixed amount of reward so basically both the block the pose it and.


So you have to wait to get the exact answer like what will be the algorithm that we will be using to to handle the payout for the state quarter.


Sounds good. Thank you.


Next question.


How would multi-seagatrices stake do all participants have to agree on the stake or just one how would that even work.


For now we are not allowing the multi-seagatrices to be involved in staking.


So you can use only the dilute in public keys for staking given that dilute in public keys has already been associated with your XMSSS address.


In order to associate the dilute in public keys you need to make a stake transaction on ql blockchain but yeah, my testing address is not going to stake on the upcoming viewers.


At least for now it is.


And decided whether we are going to support my testing address on the property so you need to wait for that maybe we can have a more clear answer.


So I think the other half of that question would the same thing would be true for.


I think in the theorem. I did check like for the in order to stake you just need to make a transaction on.


On this smart contract and need to lock your phone so based on what I have seen a couple of months before I think.


It is possible to use my district addresses on to take on a 2.0.


I need to try that on the 3.0 test that before I can say exactly anything but what I remember that it is possible to stake using the multi-sigat


or should you.


Awesome thank you thank you, Michelle.


All right next question regarding the raspberry pi is raspberry pi suitable as a proof of stake node and is any special hardware required.


I think that there's definitely distinction between how proof of work and proof of stake work as far as the instruction sets.


I know you know the answer to that so I'm going to let you run with it.


Okay so.


I remember in the year 2017 raspberry pi was able to stake on fuel test neck.


Yesterday's the project was limited to xms script photography and proof of stake but later we added some other cryptography libraries such as diluteium kiver and move to proof of work such as crypto night and


formats. Many of these libraries requires the AES and I support and that's the only thing that is stopping the raspberry pi from staking for TOS.


We are looking into possible options and it will be great if we can make it possible for us where to running qr pus node, but we have to try this maybe on the test net.


This is not our priority right now so we have to wait for the test net and then we can see what we can do to make it compatible with the raspberry pi.


You know I verified this out as well too without any very special software emulation modification.


You just you won't be able to run that run a node without that AES and I and for those that aren't familiar that's it is an instruction at the processor level.


It's an instruction set that kryptonite requires in order to do advanced encryption.


I mean there is still possibility you can simulate this AES and I support by having some software support.


I remember there was there was a way to implement the ESE and I in software mode.


So it might be possible not a priority.


Yeah, good question.


It is possible but it's not a priority like.


Sounds good. Thank you.


Next question. Are you considering to use a quantum secure external randomness beacon like the one from league of entropy to construct the robust quantum resistance of proof of stake.


So is this not a possible single external point of failure are other non external options of true randomness validation. How are you solving this problem.


So this this gets down to consensus on a source of entropy within a distributed you know within a distributed model which which is obviously a challenge no matter how you look at it and then all that there's different ways to do then we've talked about this on the team but go ahead.


What is what are your what are your thoughts on that.


Yeah, so randomness is still a big challenge.


League of entropy is a good project.


They have taken an initiative to build decentralized random beacon.


But when it comes to use something outside the QR blockchain itself.


There comes some risks,


such as single point of failure or some kind of hard for on the source generating randomness.


So for now I can only say we are looking to use some hashing functions such as random x to hash some data from the blockchain itself for thousands or maybe millions of times and the output of that hash will be used as an entropy.


This hashing is expected to happen once every part. This is what we are going to do on the web so that's what our plan for the external randomness. Sorry, that's what our plan for the randomness.


And maybe it could change while we will be working on the test net. It is not yet finalized but for now there is no plan to use any external.


So I have missed you.


Randomness by itself is actually very interesting because it seems like something that's relatively benign but in blockchain right technology.


I mean if you can control randomness, you could theoretically control the next block proposal manipulate the blockchain if it becomes how do you get real true random numbers or as close as possible to real randomness.


So as you achieve that, how do you get everyone to agree and know about it so as not to slow down transactions or the blockchain itself definitely something that's I know that that's still evolving too as far as blockchain is concerned.


So that's on accurate.


Yeah, that's totally accurate. So even this randomness thing is a very small thing but it's excel for very critical and a big challenge for the blockchain industry.


Definitely last question. Will the foundation be staking its corner and if so, do you know what percentage of the foundations corner would be staked?


Yeah, foundation will be staking its pointer. I'm not sure with the exact numbers like how many quanta will the foundation keep in reserve. Though I can say for now foundation may take more than 70% of the quarter although you will have the exact numbers before the people stake.


So you need to wait for that time.


So it sounds like those numbers will be published. You know there's, and I thought about that one a little bit there's a balance to on one hand one hand you're giving return back to our wonderful community, you know for being involved in the project for and for and for staking their quanta and being supporting it.


You're able you know, I want to have your balancing that with stake quantity that the foundation uses which can be used funding for the project which can include you know running the project longer future and has been stuff like that.


So there's a balance there. I don't know exactly what the best answer for that would be but sounds like well something would be decided and would be published in transparent so.


Big key right there is transparency right you know things aren't things aren't being done in a vacuum the open source the transparency everything still being within within the within the spirit of blockchain technology.


Yeah, but it will be transparent but the numbers will be yeah it will be definitely shared before the hard for so everyone will know how much quite the foundation will be used will be using to stake on the paper staking.


And I think that's fair too because it'll allow other people to calculate their returns outside of any foundation state quanta that would be persistent so that makes sense.


And that's our interview with kashal for the AMA on proof of stake.


I want to thank kashal for your time and answering the community's questions and I also want to thank the community for submitting your questions and I hope this this answers or fills in some of the blanks regarding proof of stake.


Without you guys we wouldn't be able to be here we wouldn't be able to do what we do so thank you for your support. If you did like this video be sure to smash that like button so you can get updates on future videos regarding blockchain technology and its collision with quantum computers.


Until next time thank you and talk to you later.


Three Words. Quantum. Secure. Ethereum! - E08

Welcome back, Crypto Enthusiasts to the official Quantum Resistant Langer channel, your


video portal in the Pulse Quantum Digital Asset Security.


This video is going to be for both our Discord community and it's also a bit of a hat tip


to the Ethereum community.


Today we're going to introduce you to a project called Enclave which will show you how


to secure your ether against a Quantum Computer Attack.


So the Ethereum 2.0 fork, lots of improvements, looks really exciting, honestly.


You have sharding coming up, zero knowledge proofs, you're improving blockchain efficiency,


you're lowering transaction fees with these technologies.


Guys it's really exciting.


Personally I think that one of the biggest hindrances of blockchain right now that's affecting


its adoption is its ability to scale.


I think those things are going to help out quite a bit.


Very excited to see progress in this area, proof of stake, Ethereum's going there, so are


free.


It just feels like innovation and passion run deep in Ethereum and honestly we hear at QRL


know how that feels and we like that.


Transparency Trust, Immutability, Soodle NIMITee, security, all of these things are core


tenants of blockchain.


In the spirit of these values I think it also comes a freedom of choice.


That's why today I'm going to let you know when it comes to your ether, you're soon


in have another option and that option is to make it quantum secure or not.


But why quantum?


If you haven't seen it take a look at some of our previous videos where we go a little


bit into this topic.


Quantum computers are quite cool and I mean they're quite literally.


Fact number one, 2016, the NIST or National Institute of Standards and Technology for the


United States initiated a process to solicit, evaluate and standardize one or more quantum


resistant public key cryptographic algorithms.


This is essentially the NIST calling upon academics on the public or anyone with knowledge


and experience to write and propose new asymmetric or public key algorithms to be used in


the pulse quantum era.


There are over 60 submissions of which 12 were broken or significantly intact and five


withdrawals from the competition just from round one.


As of June 2020, two quantum secure protocols are in draft recommended state, one of which


is XMSS, the underlying protocol used by the QRL.


Fact number two, quantum computers are here now.


QWave has been manufacturing quantum computers since I think $9.99.


IBM recently released the IBM Q System one last year.


Fact number three, in 2019 Google announced quantum supremacy.


So the definition, if you look it up, of quantum supremacy is the construction of a device


that can solve a problem or perform a function that would be unfeasible for any classical


computer.


The definition by itself is pretty broad.


In Google's case, they were able to perform a function in 200 seconds that based on their


calculations would take a supercomputer 10,000 years to complete.


So I think that those three points are good takeaways and it appears that quantum resistance


is not on the Ethereum roadmap.


So this is where I think the QRL team can help.


Project Enclave is an Ethereum smart contract that creates a quantum secure safe to store


your Ethereum cryptocurrency.


If you're not sure what it means, it simply means that using your browser, you can


access your Ethereum and transfer funds into a quantum secure safe all while staying on the


Ethereum blockchain.


It's kind of cool.


As with all things, there's a bit of a cost.


Every time you invoke a smart contract, in this case, moving your funds in or out of your


enclave wallet, you incur a gas charge from the Ethereum network.


The gas charge is a price that's set by miners who are processing transactions on the


Ethereum network.


It acts as an incentive for them to process your transaction.


So due to gas costs, Enclave works best as a long-term post-quantum secure storage solution.


It's not something you would want to move your funds in and out every day.


As of June 2020, Enclave is currently running on an internal test network as the code


is audited.


So I'm really looking forward to being able to share some sneak peek content in the near


future.


Some more information about that is coming out soon.


That's it.


Feel free to join our Discord community for more information.


Thank you for watching.


QRL Games- Winter Hackathon 2022 Has Begun

In today's episode, we are talking all about our winner hackathon, which is QRL Games winner hackathon 2022.


Let's dive in and find out what the hackathon is all about.


Hey everyone and welcome back to another episode of the Quantum Resistance


in the next few minutes, myself and Michael Striken, our team are going to be going over and covering everything related to the hackathon for you.


So we're first going to just give a brief overview on what our project's about and then jump right into the theme for this winner hackathon.


Go over the components, how you can be involved and then we'll cover how to establish a project, get involved with another one and then maybe provide you with some hackathon ideas so that maybe you'll have a little inspiration depending on your bandwidth of the holidays to determine, hey, what should I maybe work on or maybe you have an idea in mind and will also lastly cover the rewards, what's up for grabs for this hackathon.


So Michael, it's good to have you with me, I'm excited to talk about our winner hackathon that is just open up this week.


Yeah, another one looking forward to this looking forward to the community engagements and the projects, the innovations, the creativity.


You've heard me say before that I never underestimate the creativity of blockchain developers.


Developers in general, but I have a special.


As a, as a finishing for blockchain developers ice falls let's I'll give the, for those of the, for anyone that's new to this project I'll just give you a quick overview as to what the project is.


The quantum resistant ledger is a provably quantum computer secure block chain that is based on a different type of digital signature algorithm that uses hashes instead of elliptical curve cryptography.


A lot of, right, we've got a lot of content on our YouTube channel for any newcomers that are here that want to learn more about this, and we have our discord channel we can provide the link for that later.


But essentially what this means is all of the.


The factorization that goes into signing a transaction on the Bitcoin.


The network does not happen because that is a, that's that's provably that's a provable quantum risk by a sufficiently powerful quantum computer so.


The digital signing algorithm is is completely different so I described it will try to describe it a little bit differently than I have in past episode so i'm not repeating the exact exact same thing.


But if you have any questions there'll be some links you can jump in we live and breathe and eat at the intersection of blockchain and quantum we are all about it we are here we're the guys.


That's a great quick some context for people and the background of that and let's lead rate from there into our winter hackathon so a number of people watching this are already privy on what our projects all about but really what this winter hackathon is a build on our hackathon that took place recently in Amsterdam so.


We're having a smaller virtual hackathon this one being QRL games when I hackathon 2022 so.


Tell me more what what's this hackathon all about the main theme is all about game so as we said in our blog announcement few weeks back.


Whether it's taking inspiration from a game that you played growing up or that you still play today or whether it's gamifying literally any aspect of the cure up.


I'm not sure if I can get that.


I'm not sure if I can get that from a project the options are endless here so whatever your little quantum heart desires.


Really, we don't want you to be thinking about this hackathon and being constrained by the idea of it only being a video game or a physical board game the ideas are really limitless here so.


As Michael alluded to we have a lot of creative smart people within our community so.


Don't be limited by the idea of thinking oh it must only be you know just a game in itself there's a lot of options there so.


What I'm going to do now is I'm going to quickly cover how a how to establish a project talk about project ideas and then also talk about the two components of the hackathon which are.


The main establishing of a project or our hackathon a hearty dailies which is a way that maybe you don't have a time over the holidays but you have a little bit of time to hop on Twitter.


The discord do some memes maybe do a commit or so.


Maybe only a 15 minutes away for you to still participate over the holiday time so.


First off the main components the first is community led projects so if you have a little bit more time during the holidays you have a project in mind.


You can develop a project for curl and it can be anything as long as it's lightly slightly tied to you know to the games theme so it's within that the second main component is.


Let's say you don't have as much time we have hackathon hearty rewards and if you are familiar with our hackathon last winter we had a daily rewards where just by participating liking stuff you know sharing within social media within discord that's a way for you to participate and earn a little bit of quanta on a daily basis.


From now through the New Year's when hackathon is running so if you are watching this right now whether it's now or as we get towards the end of the hackathon or beyond.


Really the best way if you are interested in starting a project is first to establish come up with an idea that you think that you can get done prior to the fourth of January 2023 and then with this idea in mind there's a few requirements so the first is it's got to be relevant to the curl.


It goes without saying this is you know our curl hackathon that's kind of obvious the stated the second is that it's open source that's pretty standard to you can see that in the rules and guidelines and the third is that it's just you know it's game related so it can really be anything could be gameplay,


pauses, quizzes anything, gamifying and aspect of something you know could be anything time to block explore could be tied to just trying to be on the media side maybe you're non technical and you just want to create you know a game a quiz whatever it might be so.


Building on that what are some other potential ideas in mind that we could give people through this hackathon I know another one I saw was used to brand is a source of randomness what other stuff we got in mind for people.


The projects you mentioned one of the one of the requirements open source it's open source if it has to be code right it doesn't have this doesn't necessarily even have to be code and it doesn't even necessarily have to be on chain, so it can be it can be.


A fun printable card or board game or something like that with with unique characters that are and you know that look like that are like NFTs maybe some post quantum.


The post apocalypse that dystopian future wasteland gorillas not the monkey kind the army kind where you know you've got different you know different I don't know different traits like in like an NFT game or card games I know that those were popular when I was growing up I don't know probably not so much anymore but.


Really the it's it's just get it's about using the using games as kind of like an on ramp and some inspiration and then just anything that is QRL for you to show your passion your interest and your creativity in whatever it is that interest you and apply that to QRL and submit it we've got prizes like you said and.


Go from there so i'm looking forward to seeing what it is, yes, same here and really as Michael just mentioned there up to 25k quanta depending on you know once we see the quantity and quality and effort of various projects.


I mean really whether you have more time or less time whatever way you feel you can contribute and as Michael you just said it's not limited to just you know coding technical projects it could literally there's a lot of savvy ways you can build and create quizzes and games online and.


Whether you're technical or non technical everyone can contribute in a really positive way we've seen that in past hackathons and we'll continue to see that with ones moving forward.


Any other quick notes I think the only other one I had in mind was just let people know about just it's based around games but really if you have any questions or if you're wondering hey does this fall within the.


On don't hesitate to jump into discord and ask us or if you just want to go to the hackathon events page and directly email or send us a message through there in the show notes of this video.


If you click on it the at the way top under the timestamps is a direct link to QRL games when I hack on 22 so you can lead directly to the events page from there while you're listening and.


You jump there at any point Michael any other closing thoughts I think that's the main one just have fun I hope everyone has a great holidays coming up it's a busy time outside of.


Different work and fun and hobbies but I think it's a it's a great time to take a little time and build something fun and creative for this community and project that we're all about.


I think the covers it.


Awesome well Michael you enjoy your holiday season coming up and we will see every one of the community building awesome projects and we look forward to see the outcome come January 4th.


Thank you Michael.


Thanks for having me.


The QRL Show | Part II AMA with Core Blockchain Developer Kaushal- Quantum Security for Ethereum

On today's episode, we are going to be talking quantum security for Ethereum and doing


a part 2 AMA with QRL core blockchain developer Koshal.


Let's dive in to today's exciting episode.


The world is beginning to witness unprecedented technological growth in areas such as AI


in quantum computers.


But what does this mean for Bitcoin and blockchain?


Welcome to the QRL Live, where we discuss the collision of quantum computing blockchain


AI and cryptocurrency, some of the most compelling and emergent technologies today.


The field of quantum computers is one of the newest and most promising areas of science


and its implications could very well disrupt our world in unpredictable ways.


State of the Air Machines are being built today that in the future could be as disruptive


as the transistor, television, possibly even the internet.


We can no longer ignore these implications.


What does this mean for Bitcoin and crypto?


What the currency and therefore blockchain is considered classically secure from modern


supercomputers.


However, there is a potential vulnerability in nearly all blockchain projects.


In that a sufficiently powerful quantum computer running short as algorithm could effectively


take over the addressing scheme, empty wallets, disrupt applications and cripple entire


cryptographic networks.


Scientists, developers and researchers have known about this emerging threat for some time


now.


The NIST has been working since 2016 to develop post-quantum secure cryptography.


In fact, the brightest minds in science and cryptography are working on solutions to this


problem right now.


The QRL project is a purpose-built quantum computer resistant, doubly audited industrial


quality cryptocurrency that uses the NIST recommended XMSS hash-based signature scheme,


which is provably quantum resistant.


So what does this even mean?


It means that we develop the blockchain technology of tomorrow in order to keep your digital


assets secure today.


Welcome to QRL Life.


Let's dive in.


Hey, everyone.


Welcome back to another episode of the Quantum Resistant Ledger Channel, the place where


you come for the crypto and stay for the quantum.


I have an exciting episode for us today.


We are going to be doing a part two AMA with QRL core blockchain developer, Koshal,


an enclave in discussing quantum security for Ethereum.


And with me for this discussion today is my co-host, Michael Strike, who is our director


of outreach at the QRL Strike.


It's great to have you with me.


Greetings all.


Crypto enthusiasts, YouTubers, Quantum enthusiasts, and anyone else I missed.


And also, as I mentioned, Koshal, our QRL core blockchain developer is with us for a


part two AMA.


Koshal, good to have you with us.


Yeah, so it's very interesting and it's a good thing that I'm having this second conversation


with the community in this live year.


Yeah, so it's great.


Back by high demand.


That's good.


Thank you.


Yeah, I think where it would be good to kind of just give a little bit of context for


those that maybe saw one AMA that we had a few weeks ago.


If you haven't seen that AMA, I'll link it above so you can easily reference it if you


haven't seen the part one.


But what we're going to be doing today for this AMA is we're going to be taking some


questions from the community that were clarifying on some questions that we went over


in the first AMA and then we're going to be answering some new ones coming up.


So Koshal, if it would be good with you, we're going to dive right into some community


questions in a second.


And for those of you watching right now, if you have questions that you want us to answer


live in this AMA, throw it into the stream chat.


And at the end, as we get through these first questions that came in, I'll dive into some


of those one by one.


So the first question is coming from a Pro-me-C-Ed.


And I might be butchering the saying of that, but the question for you Koshal is how


does onclave compare to atomic swaps?


We'll start here and then we'll roll through some of the other AMA's in this episode.


Okay.


But the question is very interesting at suggestion because atomic swaps is a different


thing and claim itself is a different thing.


It's like we are trying to compare your Apple and mangoes.


So but no problem.


I will still go with this question.


So the atomic swap is basically happens between two different blockchains.


All right.


So it happens when you have a token in one blockchain and you would like to exchange it


for another token, which is in another blockchain.


So because it is in two different blockchain, we need a cryptographic way to make sure that


this transaction happens between these blockchains.


Is he frozen?


Yeah.


I think frozen for the second.


So we'll see all my goals.


We'll wait a second to see if it comes back on in a second with this feed.


Let's see here.


Well, we're waiting for him to come back on in a second.


We will pull in a couple other AMA questions and see what we have here.


We have a process again, Ryan.


Where exactly the questions can be posted.


Back online.


We'll have those.


Yep.


We have a couple coming in a few that were on transaction fees, et cetera.


But just for context, if you want to throw a question in, we're seeing some coming in in


the chat regarding EQRT.


So we can dive into those.


We'll see.


I'm going to see if Michelle is going to hop back on here in a second.


So if you haven't asked a question already, just throw it into the chat.


And what I'll do is I'll populate a couple of these now.


And Michelle should probably be back on in a second here.


So I see a question coming in from Darwin and from Stone.


Yeah.


So that process is working.


Perfect.


All.


For just for a second, I'm straight while we're waiting for Michelle to hop back on.


Can you give a little bit context?


Is there might be a few people watching?


Obviously, most people watching already know what Enclave is.


But what's your kind of elevator definition, if someone were to ask you what Enclave is?


Just for background real quick.


And then as soon as Michelle gets back on, we'll jump right back into the AMA.


So Enclave is for any of the newcomers that might be coming here for the first time or new


to quantum and or crypto.


Enclave is part of a broader ecosystem that the quantum resistant ledger project is developing


in order to take post quantum security outside of our own native chain and then contribute


to the blockchain ecosystem as a whole.


What does that mean?


What it means is Enclave will allow you to post quantum secure ethereum and a subset of ERC


So specific ERC 20s.


There are some requirements such as smart contracts, specific requirements around the ERC


Whether or not it can be post quantum secured and there's also, Enclave can also, the


theory of Enclave, as far as the scope of it and what future generations can be done with


future generations be it a layer, you know, upcoming layer two protocols, which is a direction


in which blockchain ecosystem is headed.


Those can be compatible as well, but as it stands right now, one of the main requirements


on whether or not Enclave is compatible with the existing blockchain is that blockchain must


have sufficient smart contract ability and specifically to be able to handle the code of


Enclave, each of its individual subsystems, which obviously, because you all know it's


much more about.


But all of that means is what we're trying to do is bring post quantum security to the


to blockchain, to ethereum.


We want to, we want to, the quantum resistance ledger is your quantum security policy,


insurance policy, right?


If you ask yourself, if you ask yourself, if you do the research on quantum computers


and you're looking at the progress being made, right?


There's news coming out every day and what we see in the viewing audience has heard


me say this before, you know, I view this as a bit of an iceberg effect.


The information that you see is the tip of the iceberg.


I was on the NSA site and I went to their quantum computer page and I just couldn't find


out where they were at, right?


As far as the progress that they've made, it seems to be happening.


It almost, it appears not existent, but I'm pretty sure it's just happening in the


vacuum.


Point being, it's not just when we take into consideration the quantum threat or why to


queue as we call it on the team, we're not just talking about what the public sector is


doing.


What are, what are nations doing?


What are governments doing?


You know, what are, what are private, private-real and corporations doing, you know, that


have a, that have a strong path.


There's hundreds and hundreds of millions of dollars being pumped into this field, right?


And a strong argument, contrary to that, this is a speculative market.


It is.


That's why we talk about we're not, we're not saying, we're not screaming, sky is falling.


We're saying, hey, this is what the data shows.


This is the progress being made.


Look at where we are compared to where we were, we were, several times.


Several years ago, don't go microscopic, zoom out, look macroscopic, what's going to


happen?


And if you think, not financial advice, if you think that there's a 1%, 2%, 3% chance of,


an, of an existential quantum threat to your digital asset portfolio, then it makes sense,


I think, to hedge a small amount in that direction based on what your, your portfolio exposure


risk is based on what you've determined, how strong you've determined the Y2Q threat to


me.


So that's how I would describe Enclave.


It's an evolving, it's an evolving ecosystem.


Because as it's, as it's, as it continues to evolve, we have a lot of different ideas that


we're talking to inside the team.


And we're open to ideas from the community, you know, and what we're going from there.


This, this, what, what you see as far as the smart contract for Enclave, which I hear,


which I, I'm, we've been told is done.


It still needs to go through in auditing, completely not in process as my understanding.


But that, that's, that's not the finish line.


I think, I'm a, my own personal feelings is that I'm a strong believer that post quantum


security is probably more a journey than a destination.


Thanks, Dr. I appreciate you, you covering that.


Not only did that, give us a little, a minute or two for a reconnection issues, but it also


helped, helped give a little bit of context and backgrounds.


And so what we're going to do now is, when we left off, we were covering the question,


push all this diving into how does Enclave compare to Tom McSwap, obviously, you know, apples


to oranges.


So push all, I'm going to let you take back over and we'll finish this question.


And I'm kind of go from there and I'll figure us across if there's going to be two.


No worries.


We're all good.


You're back.


Yeah, really sorry.


Yeah.


All right.


So I'm using my mobile internet right now.


So I was telling about this Enclave staff.


So the atomic swap is, we already know it's, it happens when we have a token in a different


blockchain and we want to swap that for another token, which is in a different blockchain.


So atomic swap is a cryptographic way to make sure that these transactions happen securely


without any cheating.


Okay.


So that's what atomic swap is for.


On the other hand, we have Enclave and the problem that Enclave solves is to make a non post


quantum blockchain, a post quantum secure blockchain.


So basically the main purpose of Enclave is to give you a post quantum security over the


Ethereum blockchain.


So it has nothing to do with cross chain transactions, you know, so there's no comparison


because atomic swaps works between two different chains while the Enclave works on the same


chain, like the theorem is, it is a blockchain.


So it works on that chain purposes to make post quantum secure.


Atomic swap cannot make anything like post quantum secure.


So that's the difference between these two and so we cannot compare them.


Yeah.


Sure.


Thanks for cover that distinction between the two that helps clarify it for, for


as an asking and just in general.


So there's a second question.


I think I've got the pronunciation done.


I think this is profit, profit as in profit.


I have the same issue with the name.


Yep.


As I looked at it at a second glance.


Good questions.


But why are the transaction fees high on Enclave?


Can you explain that?


Because honestly, we talked about this a little bit in the last, I think, two weeks ago,


right?


And Enclave is in the Enclave will have ERC20 support.


But it's far, but one thing that I actually learned on that call that I didn't know at the


time because we're not in, we don't have the, we don't have final product available quite


yet that's been published is that the ERC20, there's additional, there's some additional


considerations as similar to how once you go pulse quantum secure, there's, there's


usually something special that needs to happen.


For example, the one time signatures, right?


You know, that's, that's, that's quantum specific.


So, but I was, I was interested to learn that there's some differences with the ERC20


as far as transferring ERC20 from one in theory in Madras to another area of theory in


Madras and the transaction fees involved.


Could you, could you cover some of that for us, please?


Yeah.


So, last time I remember I mentioned the transaction cost for the hash chain-based transaction


is around $45, right?


And after that it became a concern, like $45 too high.


So the value of $45 which I told you that was at the time when there was a high network


congestion, right?


So if I tell you like, if you, let's say if we have launched and clave at this moment and


if someone trying to make a transaction at this moment, he has to pay only around $29 to


$30 for that transaction, okay?


And just six hours ago from now, it was around $28 or $27.


So this varies based on the network congestion, right?


So when there is a very high network congestion, you can even see the price jumping to $55.


But right now at this time, at this same moment when we are making this video live streaming,


at this time if someone used and clave, then they need to pay just $30.


That's all for the transaction.


And the reason that why we have this much gas fee, just because we have some computation,


right?


Making it a post-contempt secure.


So obviously it requires some computation which is not simple as it happens on the


theorem, normal transactions where there is no post-contempt security.


So obviously security comes with some processing and some cost.


It's not something like I can make it completely cheaper and with this whole security.


And as I already mentioned, you like $45 is the price when I told you when the network


was in very high congestion and so that's the time.


And right now if you make this transaction, you will do it with $30.


I think $30 is sufficient and it's reasonable price for post-contempt security.


And as I mentioned, you like six or seven hours ago, it was somewhere around $20, $27 or


I think that is feasible.


It's not something I think is of a huge concern.


One other question on top of that that came, as you were talking came to mind.


If you're if 2.0, right?


Sharding, right, faster transactions, efficiencies, things like that have you looked into what


gas transactions, if they would be same, less, more in an ETH to 2.0 environment?


Well, right now, there is no sharding, right now the sharding has not been implemented.


So at this time, $30, but yeah, once we will have sharding, you can definitely make an


assumption that the gas fee is going to reduce drastically.


It is going to happen with the sharding, just because once you have sharding, it's like


you have lots of parallel chains and each of those chains can process some amount of


transaction.


So it's it is kind of like you have distributed the network traffic in terms of transaction


into different networks.


So in that case, you will have even lower transaction, but we are seeing right now.


But even dollar 30, I think it is still a reasonable amount for a post-continent security.


So like with any emerging technology, such as what we're building here with pulse quantum


secure Ethereum, essentially, we are based based on progress being made in the field.


We're expecting, can't guarantee, but we're expecting the gas fees and the cost to decrease


much like technology over time, the cost decrease, right?


So if you want to go state of the yard, these are the fees that it is right now.


We have a plan in place and a process in place in which we expect the fees to drop substantially


and granted that's mostly because of Ethereum's.


There are timeline and their and ETH 2.0 and all the work that Vitalik's done.


So I just wanted to add that positive on there as well, that positive qualifier on there.


So, okay, cool.


Thank you.


Yeah.


No, and it's important to even mention that like obviously early on to be able to have


post quantum security, there is that trade off, but obviously as things move forward as


you mentioned straight, that gets lowered.


But there is somewhat of a trade off earlier on to be able to have that post quantum security.


So thanks for covering that, Koshal.


We're going to go down.


I'm going to point out other question here from the community.


Face, see it asks why can't enclave be built on QRL mainnet or some protocol layer of QRL


and have QRL started its own version of smart contracts.


Henry's got two questions.


We'll start with this one Koshal and then I'll populate the second one.


So the answer is very simple for this one is just because what's the purpose of Enclave?


The purpose of Enclave is to provide the post quantum security on the blockchains, which


doesn't have the post quantum security in build.


So QRL is a blockchain, which itself has a post quantum security because we are using


XMSs has chain-based cryptographic, which is itself a post quantum secure cryptographic.


So we don't need enclave for the QRL.


Why we need a post quantum security for a blockchain, which is already post quantum secure.


So the yeah, so Ethereum is not a post quantum secure blockchain and we know there are a huge


amount of assets, such as ERC-22, with Ethereum itself, ERC-721 tokens, but these are all


non-post quantum secure.


So this is why the Enclave is required to be on those blockchains, which are not post


quantum secure so that we can provide user a post quantum secure wallet at a cost of some,


I mean, a little bit high gas free.


Yeah.


And now Henry's second question out here was if you could transfer ETH into QRL and the


system like that, but we can move into the next questions below that.


What we see in strike, Kershal, for anyone that's, as we're increasing our user base and


adoption has been increasing, can you just briefly describe just briefly 30,000 foot view


why QRL is quantum secure?


How does it compare to Bitcoin just briefly?


Yeah, sure, sure.


So in simple terms, if I say it's like Bitcoin, Ethereum, anything like these, they use ECD,


C


So I know it's in layman terms, just think consider the these cryptography has been proved


like they work on the polynomial functions and quantum computer can easily crack these polynomial


functions.


Okay, so because there is an algorithm, which if you run on a digital computer, like


the computer or the laptop that we use, it for in order to run that algorithm, it is going


to take like millions of years just to crack an eCDSA keys.


And that's the problem with digital computer, but there's a source algorithm.


So if you use that and you run this same algorithm on a quantum computer, it can crack


it depending upon how much qubit it is out, but if we assume like 2000 qubit computer,


it can crack it easily.


Maybe one or two days maximum or something like that.


But so that's the problem with the polynomial function.


So these are trivial cryptography are based on polynomial function.


So our cryptography, which is XMS is extended, my local signature scheme is a hash based


cryptography.


So I don't know like how many people know about this hash.


So hash is in simple terms, it's like you can give any size of input could be like 50


length of input or 20 length of input or 30 length of input, any random size of input.


And it gives you an output of fixed size.


So let's say it has a SH-256, then you get a 32 bytes output.


So basically for one output, there could be like infinite inputs.


There are infinite possible inputs for just one output of 32 bytes message in the hash.


So this is why the quantum computer doesn't have any algorithm which it could derive


the actual input which resulted into a specific hash.


Because they are infinite possibilities of these inputs, which can give that a specific


hash, this is why they cannot crack it.


And because we are using XMSs, which is a hash based cryptography.


And as I mentioned, there is infinite input for a specific hash.


And that's why we say like it is post quantum secure.


And it's not just like we say it is a post quantum secure.


It is also backed by like you we already know it is it has been a


proved by mesh like XMSs actually post quantum secure.


So to summarize all of that, you're essentially saying that instead of using asymmetric


elliptical curve cryptography, public private key, addressing scheme, we're using a hash


based addressing scheme.


Yeah, that's true.


So we're not using ECC, we're using hash functions.


So breaking down into its most basic, basic component.


If any of anyone that's viewing within the audience wants to research, the difference


between elliptical curve cryptography and hash based hashes, hash based signatures scheme.


So thank you.


Yeah.


Yeah, let's move into a straight code.


Let's pull up.


We got a question here from a couple of ones coming in from 0F XFF.


We got one on OTS tracking.


You want to move into a few of these for the show more AMA ones here.


We got this one here, straight.


Yeah, go ahead and run past that one.


My computer's acting little not.


Yeah, yeah, this is coming in from 0XFF.


And the first part of the question is actually got a few questions.


So we'll go through them.


How will OTS tracking work with Enclave and will users need to track manually the OTS index


to have safe backup and restore process?


So kind of two questions here for the first one.


I might just populate it here.


OK.


So in case of Enclave, the OTS things are still going to remain same as we have in QR blockchain.


So we have a map into Enclave.


So it's time to use a specific OTS index.


We just mark it in the bit field that it has been used.


Right?


So if someone tries to use an already used OTS index, the smart contract will detect it.


And if you want to confirm like you have used a specific OTS index or not, you can make


that confirmation without making a transaction.


So if you have a function, we have a function which is a kind of view type.


So basically a view type is like you do not need to make a transaction.


You can simply make a query to the blockchain.


And this query happens via API or something like that.


And then you can know if that specific OTS index is used or not.


It will that that function will return you to our false.


So if it is used, it will send you true.


If it's not a user, it will return you false.


So we have that function.


So someone wants to make a query.


It doesn't use or not.


Then they can use that function.


But it's like it is a map.


So if you want to know the bunch, like the list of OTS indexes, which you have used or not,


you want to get the list, then it is like you need to make query for each


of the OTS index.


Is this one used?


Is this one used or not?


Unless you reach to the point where it says, OK, this one is not unused.


Even then, as we have one problem, which we already discussed in QRO and before, it's


like sometimes what happens is like you made a transaction.


You made a transaction.


You thought that transaction was valid.


Maybe you have some input, which is not valid or maybe you had you broadcasted the transaction


with a fee, but your account doesn't actually hold that much amount of quantity to cover


that fee.


The right time, any new in terms of QRO blockchain.


So what happens is like you signed your transaction with an unused OTS key, but you mentioned


a fee which your account doesn't have to cover that much amount of fee.


In that case, the node simply reject that transaction because you mentioned a high amount


of fee and you don't have that much balance to cover that fee.


The problem is you used an unused OTS index, right?


But because transaction was dropped, that OTS index was not marked as used.


And if some network at that time, then he can just record your transaction.


So next time you make a different transaction with that same OTS index, then the problem


is because you are using that same OTS index and because it was not marked as used last


time.


So transaction will get processed, but because you signed two different transactions,


one which was filled in the past and second you signed a new transaction with a different


fee or something like that.


So this creates a security issue.


So usually the best practice is if you have used an OTS index, you should mark it manually.


Even if the transaction get failed, you mark it manually that, okay, I have used this one


and I am not going to use it in future.


So that's the best practice, but if you know like your OTS index, you never had the issue


where you have signed something with an unused OTS index and the transaction didn't fail,


in that case it is fine.


You can rely on the network, but usually the best practice is that you maintain what


OTS index you have used in the past.


Yeah.


Thanks for diving into details on that one, Kishal, that was helpful.


And good question, XFF.


Strike, are you able to see now if I pull up the next one here?


It looks like we got a good one.


We got one on the quiddity, another one on one time tokens.


I'll populate the liquidity one for you here.


Let's do, we got one more.


My word had crashed on me, I guess that's an indicator that I need to switch to Linux.


XFF has a second question, he asks, is the goal of EQRT to provide liquidity to QRL?


If yes, do you think the $45 transaction fee will be a problem to create this liquidity?


Okay.


So as I mentioned, like a couple of minutes ago, $45 was the price when I looked into during


very high net or congestion, right?


Right now it is around $30 and six or seven hours ago, it was around $28.


So $28.50.


$45 is not a big issue for anyone using post quantum secure, post quantum securing


clear wallets.


So I'm not considering the $45 big issue, but yeah, most of the time you will be having


a fee somewhere between $30 to $35 somewhere around that.


And the next question, which is like the goal of EQRT.


So basically the goal of EQRT is to have a wider reach.


So earlier QRL was itself token and then we migrated to mainnet.


So because we didn't have a way to make a post quantum token on Ethereum blockchain, but


right now after so much research and testing and the work, we now know that we can have


a EQRT token on Ethereum blockchain with post quantum security and at a reasonable gas


fee.


So this is why we have it on Ethereum and the main purpose is to expand our reach to have


to let's have people who are comfortable using Ethereum blockchain.


Let's have them to be the member of our community.


So with EQRT, I think the main issue is to have a more wider audience, more better reach


ability and liquidity is something which I leave on the market itself.


I believe if we have more reach ability, wider community than liquidity will automatically


improve with the time.


Yeah, to be a byproduct.


Yeah.


Right.


And it looks like there's a question from our users.


Has there been any collaboration?


Can you want to take that next one?


Yeah, we got that one.


We got one on institution.


Let's jump to this one here.


I'll populate it here.


Has there been any collaboration with or input provided by any of the core e-developers


on Enclave throughout the process?


And Strik, do you see who that question came in from?


Just a week and a little bit.


We're just moving forward a little bit because I want to make sure we get to our live


questions from the community as well.


Yeah, we got quite a number of those well-known stuff coming in.


Yeah, Kishao.


So we covered that one first on Ethereum devs and just answer that one.


Then we'll keep going from there.


Yeah, yeah.


So we didn't have collaboration with anyone else.


So it was only our team members.


We did our own hard work, our own research.


We didn't have collaboration with any kind of input provided by any third party or any


core e-tym developers.


So whatever we have done in terms of Enclave, it's our own.


So it's nothing like we have taken help from anyone else outside of the QR log inization.


Yeah.


How does geometry labs fit into that as far as assistance?


Geometrallabs is working basically on proof of stake.


So basically we are looking for a way to aggregate the post-contem signatures on proof of


stake network so that we can reduce the block size.


So that's where we are working with the geometry labs.


Thanks.


Thanks for covering that one.


Let's jump.


So we have one more down here, Michael.


I do.


Technical goals.


Want to answer that one?


And then while we do that, before we jump into this question for Khashal, if you have any


other questions, we're already seeing a number of them in the chat.


If you have any other ones, feel free to throw them in there.


And we'll start jumping through a few of those in a second.


But I'm going to populate this one for Michael here and I'll read it out.


And what are the technical goals of the planned POS system, TPS, proof of stake style,


stake requirements, and even a rough timeline in general?


There's a lot baked into this question.


You want to cover this one briefly, Khashal, and then we'll jump into some of the live AMA.


Yeah.


It looks like they're asking about how transactions per second on the floor here.


There's a lot of flavor of proof of stake.


There's a bunch of different flavors, obviously.


Nominated proof of stake.


X, Y, Z.


So in case of the proof of stake, our first goal is to make it more decentralized.


And the way that we can make it more decentralized, so there are two ways to do that.


One is to reduce this amount required to stake.


So instead of having like 10,000 quanta reduced to 5,000 or even reduced the amount, like


even lower than 5,000.


And second way is to have lots of validators.


So we were targeting somewhere around 10,000 validators for the 2.5 stake.


So these are the two main goals that we are looking for.


TPS is something that we are thinking that we will cover it maybe in the after that.


So but the first priority is to make it decentralized as much as possible.


So as I mentioned, these are two requires one is to reduce this stake requirements so that


we can have more and more validators to join the proof of stake.


Second is to allow as much as possible.


The number of validators as much as possible in the proof of stake.


So 10,000 is a number that we thought of.


But then the problem which comes up is in proof of stake, you have a block and you need


to get signature from all the validators voting for that block.


Okay.


So that would basically act as a proof that okay, that sufficient amount of validators


has actually voted for this block.


So this is the part of the main change.


Now the thing is we are using post quantum sector.


So we are using basically post quantum cryptography.


So our signature size is huge.


And if we go with like, even if we go with like 100 validators per block and if you consider


the signature size of XMSs which is around 2 kilobytes, like 2.15 kilobytes somewhere


around there.


So 100 such validators, if they sign for a block, then the block size just considering


their signature itself becomes around 215 kilobytes.


So we know like the block size just for the protocol level will take at least 215 kilobytes


just as the in the name of vote to make sure like this is the part of the main change.


Now if a minimum block size become 215 kilobytes, then you know the room for the transactions.


If someone makes the transaction 100 or 200 transaction, block size will become around


half an MB, half MB block size is still way too big.


So this is why we were like we are taking help of the geometry labs where we can, we can


aggregate this vote signature.


So we can reduce that from somewhere from 256 kilobytes to further like maybe 100 kilobytes


or something like that.


So we are looking into that possibility and geometry labs is working on that.


But if that's done, if we can have a post quantum secure aggregatable signature, right now


we have aggregatable signature, but they are not post quantum secure.


So if we use them in our pure system, then we will end up with like other blockchains


which are not post quantum secure and this is why we it is taking a little bit of more


time than what we expected because if we just launch it with whatever we have done right


now, the blockchain size will become a pretty much big and in long term it will be like


you know like 10 or 20 times whatever size we have of our current blockchain.


So that's why if it gets if this problem gets solved then rest of the things are very


much easier compared to whatever we have like at this day because we have to reduce this


blockchain size. If we do not do that then that will have an impact on network that will


have an impact in block timing because half an MB block size is still way too high and


the blockchain size like if we have somewhere around one minute block timing then I think


half an MB block size I cannot suggest to go with one minute block timing.


In that case we need to increase the block time too so that will also reduce the TPS.


So that's why we are looking if we can reduce the size of this worth worth signatures


and can end up with something more reasonable with the post quantum security.


Thanks for covering that one.


What we're going to do now is we're me and my some Michael we're just going to look through


we got some questions in the chat here we can pick and choose a few of these ones.


While we're looking at these thank you to everyone in the community to throw in some


questions here and also some of the ones that we already went through.


Michael let me know which one I want me to populate here and I'll pull it up first.


Let's cover one by Merlin Moon.


I see it right here.


I'll pop it up right here on good questions too on RAP URL question.


Yep.


We got it right here.


Why was the why was the name changed to WQL instead of EQL?


That made it clear about the difference between ethereum and enclave.


Why the name was changed so I don't have any idea with the name I think someone from like


if you guys can explain that better than it will better than it might be able to.


How would you, how would you define that?


I think it's more of just thinking of it long term with how people within the crypto space


kind of are perceiving it and there's just as it goes on we don't want it to be so complex


where it's like well what's the difference we kind of want it to.


Give me your definition.


I'm an editor on that.


So as a team as a team we were discussing the acronyms and the prefixes to those acronyms.


For example, lowercase w and then uppercase QRL.


And one of the things that we talked about was everybody knows what lowercase w capital


BTC equals right?


It's wrapped Bitcoin on the ethereum network.


What's not well, what is not as well known is what eql.


Or else, okay, so I know what a dub is, what's an e and one of the things we're already


at the intersection of blockchain, quantum computers and post quantum security.


One of the things that one of the one of the discussion points that we have on the project


is anything that we do moving forward, we are trying to make sure that the skids are


greased for adoption.


We don't want to seem intimidating.


Even if you're even if you're a blockchain veteran, you can jump into this space and get


overwhelmed by post quantum security.


And that's easy.


So we thought that a dub QRL was a better match as being wrapped QRL than eql, which


is a theory of QRL.


So we thought that that was a better match.


Well, it doesn't necessarily completely 100% accurately explain the fundamentals behind


it.


It's the difference between being an engineer and getting the message across.


So you may hear me say sometimes any communication that is 100% technically correct, but not


understood by the audience is 100% incorrect.


So as I recall, that was why we made that change.


That's my memory anyway.


Who knows?


Yeah.


And it's, no, thanks for covering it as much as we can, early spitball and real time on it.


Let's see what other questions we got on here, Michael, which other ones you want to pull


up here?


We got one from, I got a couple at the top here from earlier, Stone, Darwin, which one


you want to populate here?


Let's see.


We have, we have a Sean Dillard who's posting.


That's huge, bro skis.


I don't think that's a question.


Let's go down next one.


Is QRL envisioning a post quantum future where vintage ECDSA NFTs will be wrapped in


Enclave, Cryptopunks and other NFT art will be marketed traded as post quantum.


Okay, so we have this, we talked, we've talked about the son of the him a few times.


We've got this, we've got this NFT and you have two schools of thought, right?


You've got fad or is this a legitimate long term market?


And I think Ryan, I think you and I were talking about this and you, Jack, we were talking


about it.


Peter and I.


Yeah.


I think that if we, if we trace back to the dot com bubble or even with social platforms


in the late 2000s or if we think I go crazy in 2017, 18 or what's going on with NFTs.


Now there's a lot going on in the space and what's going to end up emerging is there's


going to be a lot of projects.


I don't know, I'm just making up all of our numbers, but you know, 95% of stuff is going


to go to zero, but that doesn't mean that great stuff's not going to come out of it.


There's going to be a lot of really good thing that come out of it that are, you know,


emerge over time.


So I think that just dismissing it and saying it as fad is would be very, would be a bit


naive because obviously there is something that is tangible there and there's a lot of use


cases that actually make a lot of sense.


But I think that's kind of at least how I'm seeing it.


And I think that the way we view it right now of how we view how NFTs are in 2021.


There's going to be so much more unlock over the coming years.


We're already starting to see little signs of it, but it's not going to be in the exact


flavor that it is today.


So here's the thing, and when you say fad, you think of something relatively, you think


it might be your true name.


Maybe is there something that I'm going to be able to, but I think when we were talking


about it, I just plain devil's advocate.


I brought up the reference of what, hacky sack, right?


Yeah.


I'm probably aging myself.


Well, there you go.


Pat Rock, I wasn't, I don't remember that one, but hacky sack lasted for three decades,


and that was considered a fad.


So when you call it a fad, I think that's a very subjective term.


The internet was a fad.


The point being, if NFTs lasted decade, is that still a fad?


And if not, if it's, even if it is considered a fad, that decade could put, you know,


could give credibility to a lot of investment opportunity, right?


And I will concede that, I haven't said this in Discord, I'll concede that it's one thing.


I do own at least one NFT.


And the reason it was because first off, I wanted to go through the process.


I wanted to understand the NFTs.


And there's something, there's also, and this is my personal opinion, there's something


intangible, something, it's, it's kind of like super nerds trading baseball cards.


And I kind of like knowing that I own this one thing, and if it turns out to be anything


like three letter domain names in 2001, I don't have to do anything.


So I look at NFTs as low risk, low cost, with the possibility of a potential, potential


moonshot, especially for earlier ones.


No, I did see online that there was, everyone's coming out with an FTS, there was, there's


a site where you can go on and generate random whale FFTs, then they've got different accessories


on them and things like that.


But let's be honest.


This is crypto, this is NFTs.


Who the heck knows what's going to happen?


The space gets nuts, right?


Yeah.


All bets are off, you just don't know.


So if you see an opportunity and it's low risk, sit on it for five years.


See what happens.


And just as my last closing thought on NFTs, it's human nature to, for people to collect,


to have, I think it's going to be even a sign of, like, a status thing of being like


people will ask you, hey, what kind of art do you own or do you collect?


Maybe someone has like relatives or someone that collects memory, or coins or whatever


from the past.


It's just going to be a thing in the future where it's like, oh, like you hold certain


digital assets.


It's just a progression.


It's the same thing.


History doesn't repeat itself, but it does rhyme.


It just follows along that.


So NFTs remind me of precious metal coin, numismatics.


So let's move, right?


Like a, like a, like a special coin.


All right, go ahead.


Let's move to, let's see if we got one or two more questions on, on Clay of Here,


to wrap up this part to AMA.


And just let me know if there's a certain one you see here, Michael, and I will


populate it for us as we wind down the end of this AMA.


Go ahead and pick the next one.


Okay.


Let's see here.


I'm popular.


Let's see.


Let's pop this one in.


This is from Discord.


I want to give more input on having on chain NFT support for cura.


We have a cura all improvement proposal.


Quips pull 28.


Do you want to cover this one briefly, Kishaw?


This one coming in from the cura of Discord?


Yeah.


On chain NFT support here, we had a QIP which I remember was written by Peter itself.


So NFT is possible in QRL with certain functionality that you need to use.


And in QRL, it is much easier because you do not need to write any code.


You can simply create a token and you can have that amount of that total token could be


just one.


And that address of that particular token could be considered as an address of that specific


NFT token.


So in QRL, we can still have that.


And with some like APIs, like with some extra APIs, which could make things easier for users


to keep track of all those NFTs, it will become easier to use NFT on QRL.


But yeah, right now, whatever we have is sufficient for someone to create an NFT token.


We just need to create a token using the wallet and they just need to mention the quantity


as one.


And in that case, that token will itself as an NFT token.


Thanks for covering that one.


I'm going to populate one more here regarding and I'm going to find Daniel, a 10-TURL for


misspelling Enclave.


But I appreciate the effort and questions here.


Daniel, good question.


This one's kind of two parts in here, but I think I want to, let's, I'm going to read through


it.


Let's just cover this, the first part of how user-friendly will Enclave be.


And I know we kind of already talked about, you know, the quantum security aspect.


Could you briefly touch Kishal on just kind of the user-friendliness on an Enclave?


The UI of Enclave, because this is really important, whether it's someone that's brand


new that I'm introducing to Enclave the project.


So it's not intimidating or someone that's more well-versed.


Just cover maybe the user-friendly portion of Enclave.


This is a good question.


Yeah, we've got like 45 seconds at a website before someone gets discouraged and then


moves on or whatever that official number is.


Yeah, so yeah, please.


Thanks for asking, Daniel.


Yeah.


So JP is working really hard on that part.


I mean, the UI is the part which we are like not to be, but I will specifically say that


JP is working very hard on that, including the development of the mobile app as well as the


web application so that users can easily generate sign and keep track of their keys.


So it's JP is working on that and that's where we are taking more time.


So we are taking more time is just because we need to understand like the UI should be


something so that anyone can easily understand it.


Everyone knows like what they need to keep back up of, what they need to keep copy of.


And it should be something like if someone wants to sign the transaction, they can even


do that using a mobile wallet, maybe by some kind of QR code scanning, something like that.


So it is being worked on at the backend.


And as I mentioned, JP is working hard on that and it will take time, but we are keeping


this as our priority to make sure that the UI is something which could be easily understood


by the users or any new users who are using this and claim thing for a time.


Thanks for covering that.


Good to cover for people because obviously I want to know, hey, what is the user usability


like there.


Thanks for covering that one.


Michael, is there any other ones within the chat that you want to cover as a closing wrap


up?


I think we have covered quite a number here.


I think we are hitting about an hour and a second.


So we will see if there is maybe one more in here.


I have another one.


John Dole, real estate and block chain game, lands will need to be post quantum.


I think what it is asking is, can we enclave that?


I think what it is asking is as far as use cases for post quantum and enclave is real estate


a market for that or what are the limitations there.


I guess I am trying to extrapolate a little bit, but that is how far is the use case scope.


How wide general broadly?


Yes.


So in terms of block chain game, the most of the block chain games are using NFT tokens,


which is ERC-721 tokens.


And even in case of real estate, I am seeing some real estate projects which are creating


ERC-20 tokens to represent the real estate in terms of shares.


And some of them are creating ERC-721 tokens to represent real estate as an NFT token.


And in case of game, as I already mentioned, they are mostly using ERC-721 tokens.


So enclave is already meant to support ERC-20 ERC-721 ERC-1155.


So John, enclave can support all these types of tokens.


So if you have NFT tokens, which are related to the game blockchain, or if you have ERC-20


or ERC-721 tokens, which is from the real estate, then you can pretty much put that inside


an enclave wallet and can make it post quantum secure.


Yeah.


Thanks for coming to that one.


I think we are hitting about 58 minutes here in a second.


So I'm just kind of enclosing, Koshal, thank you for going through kind of a smorgage


board of questions today on enclave, on quantum security for Ethereum, and talking maybe


on just a couple more broader futuristic questions.


But myself and Strike and the community appreciate you first off coming on to answer some


more questions.


I know we are excited after the first episode to be covering some more of these.


So thank you for that first off.


Yeah, I just want to add in, I've been on these AMAs before too, and sometimes my questions


don't get answered.


If you have further questions, jump into our lively Discord community.


We've got a lot of passionate members in there.


The team is really good with asking questions.


Jack is on top of everything.


If he gets overloaded, then I try to jump into, but we have a lot of excellent, very


knowledgeable and intelligent people in our Discord community.


So if you ask something that remains, that we weren't able to cover today, jump in there,


ask the question.


You can find the link on what Ryan are, YouTube channels.


Yeah, you can link there below this video.


We'll have all the links to not only our Discord community, but just to all of the stuff


in links regarding the QRL project in general, whether it be to GitHub, whether it be to


our documentation, which we're further building on, coming up really soon.


And then obviously if it's Enclave.io, it's all below in the description, or if you just


jump in into Discord community, you'll navigate your way around there.


But if you haven't already done so, I'm sure a lot of you watching this have already


subscribed to our QRL show right over my face here.


Make sure that you subscribe.


If you haven't done so already, that way when we come out with new episodes, the first


to be informed and Qushal, appreciate you taking the time today to discuss all things


on Qlave, Quantum Security, and how it's related in this whole crypto world.


So for myself, strike and Qushal, have a great rest of the day.


We're going to hop off in Quantum Security, some beanie babies, pet rocks and hacky-secks,


and we will see you all in the next episode.


Take care.


See you guys.


Thank you.


QRL End of June Quantum News Update - E09

Welcome YouTubers, it's Michael Stragg from the QRL team.


In this video, we're going to cover the latest quantum computer news from June


so that you can assimilate a month's of news in just a few minutes.


Welcome to the channel and let's get started.


Welcome back, Michael Stragg from the QRL team,


where we developed the world's first open source enterprise grade,


provably secure, quantum resistant, blockchain and evolving ecosystem.