values
sequence | metadata
dict |
|---|---|
[
0.000539656262844801,
-0.03884037584066391,
-0.05954134836792946,
-0.014360719360411167,
-0.035665374249219894,
-0.008288920857012272,
-0.017690064385533333,
0.02664097025990486,
0.0001594210771145299,
0.01304527185857296,
0.06353098154067993,
0.011470047757029533,
-0.02701244130730629,
-0.04192449152469635,
0.04601999372243881,
-0.04108919948339462,
0.01189932506531477,
0.016419904306530952,
-0.0036398188676685095,
-0.027693456038832664,
0.10257100313901901,
0.008183062076568604,
-0.03660469129681587,
0.03419434279203415,
-0.018025344237685204,
-0.08028239756822586,
-0.02702615037560463,
-0.09022705256938934,
-0.04485506936907768,
-0.04162857308983803,
-0.037252556532621384,
0.047149352729320526,
0.05774647369980812,
0.037067949771881104,
0.021886475384235382,
0.04246116802096367,
0.03687826171517372,
-0.009316248819231987,
-0.015232101082801819,
0.09154176712036133,
-0.1228329986333847,
-0.014483627863228321,
-0.029268158599734306,
-0.051190003752708435,
-0.009470592252910137,
-0.13081321120262146,
-0.04463588818907738,
-0.019230615347623825,
-0.003022506833076477,
0.052508480846881866,
-0.08017968386411667,
-0.004653702024370432,
0.021288981661200523,
0.02357352152466774,
-0.02083210088312626,
-0.10659968107938766,
-0.0035110197495669127,
0.021457884460687637,
-0.024114158004522324,
0.06253062933683395,
-0.04888257011771202,
0.020775455981492996,
0.005730925127863884,
0.03487683832645416,
-0.005875635892152786,
0.02375834621489048,
-0.0346597358584404,
-0.042868874967098236,
-0.03936111181974411,
-0.06812585145235062,
-0.03663722053170204,
-0.07580222934484482,
-0.017076479271054268,
0.04570036381483078,
0.0476599782705307,
-0.06802311539649963,
-0.006031624507158995,
0.07786189019680023,
-0.018479639664292336,
-0.031934600323438644,
0.008245165459811687,
0.044072069227695465,
-0.016378862783312798,
-0.03603494539856911,
-0.06652398407459259,
0.00956506934016943,
-0.02706100046634674,
0.07427190244197845,
0.015023346059024334,
-0.002902241190895438,
0.04226741939783096,
-0.0010920694330707192,
-0.03910867124795914,
0.01996629498898983,
0.011067116633057594,
-0.03288544714450836,
0.042540449649095535,
-0.031412191689014435,
0.07274650782346725,
-0.05142809823155403,
0.0455608069896698,
0.0188191756606102,
-0.016720756888389587,
-0.019121401011943817,
-0.09226035326719284,
0.07887380570173264,
-0.010275930166244507,
-0.041184570640325546,
0.07348041236400604,
0.056743960827589035,
-0.024478312581777573,
0.005598551593720913,
-0.10437899827957153,
-0.044228676706552505,
0.0013235941296443343,
0.040995340794324875,
-0.054342128336429596,
0.006160274147987366,
0.11875877529382706,
0.007291269954293966,
0.047011848539114,
0.017353331670165062,
-0.0453849621117115,
-0.09040678292512894,
0.029078084975481033,
-0.11700189113616943,
-0.044527579098939896,
6.451879272692656e-33,
0.03136132284998894,
0.06525125354528427,
-0.02927560731768608,
0.02270732820034027,
0.00464498158544302,
-0.040526703000068665,
0.02852199226617813,
0.027453918009996414,
0.020455658435821533,
0.031400371342897415,
-0.03250975161790848,
0.1448967009782791,
-0.042836278676986694,
-0.0027129545342177153,
0.07721690833568573,
-0.03586701676249504,
-0.08446010202169418,
-0.014478396624326706,
0.05655820667743683,
0.06943371146917343,
0.07961314916610718,
-0.012222370132803917,
0.04981905594468117,
-0.0202254019677639,
0.029561074450612068,
0.03855631500482559,
-0.0534902922809124,
0.04098978638648987,
0.049773234874010086,
0.02643430046737194,
0.000031167615816229954,
-0.08712730556726456,
-0.019782735034823418,
-0.030549021437764168,
0.044309891760349274,
-0.0861128494143486,
0.0639805793762207,
0.05475481599569321,
0.011170664802193642,
-0.058839745819568634,
-0.06472165137529373,
0.0545123927295208,
0.09613863378763199,
0.03191819414496422,
0.01850469782948494,
0.006870720535516739,
0.03949092701077461,
-0.041247665882110596,
0.09001417458057404,
-0.0030437102541327477,
-0.05263477936387062,
-0.05766502395272255,
-0.01386115700006485,
-0.08229481428861618,
-0.02102162130177021,
0.02049557864665985,
-0.014617297798395157,
0.04724536091089249,
-0.034569382667541504,
-0.06294942647218704,
0.005400244612246752,
-0.01658831536769867,
0.025849055498838425,
-0.02800341323018074,
-0.08475825190544128,
-0.010345106944441795,
-0.02525874227285385,
0.016154207289218903,
0.1844525933265686,
-0.08058128505945206,
-0.12363767623901367,
0.027070023119449615,
-0.009692073799669743,
0.0332942008972168,
0.028903190046548843,
0.03473932668566704,
-0.005735761020332575,
-0.022835299372673035,
0.030060702934861183,
-0.0035187089815735817,
0.017931245267391205,
-0.016207493841648102,
0.02866549603641033,
0.03620913252234459,
0.05010431632399559,
0.09618872404098511,
0.03226976469159126,
0.04210410639643669,
0.05188804119825363,
0.01695750653743744,
-0.03368493914604187,
0.11026223003864288,
-0.03898804262280464,
0.023408491164445877,
0.10242190957069397,
-1.1455960928195042e-32,
-0.008093606680631638,
0.012527590617537498,
-0.013206783682107925,
0.01588863879442215,
-0.001482343883253634,
0.05684272199869156,
0.07202574610710144,
0.034288182854652405,
0.04223642498254776,
-0.06853491812944412,
-0.11109741032123566,
-0.04012633115053177,
-0.024684427306056023,
0.024113500490784645,
-0.05646079033613205,
0.037339579313993454,
-0.07122847437858582,
-0.006320225540548563,
-0.07505545020103455,
-0.004266794305294752,
-0.09241332113742828,
0.07651524245738983,
0.009721918031573296,
-0.03609086573123932,
0.031766101717948914,
-0.06280717253684998,
-0.0746118575334549,
-0.06981556117534637,
0.0033732946030795574,
0.03830433636903763,
0.06964768469333649,
-0.05615176633000374,
-0.07517597079277039,
0.04286360740661621,
-0.11280974745750427,
-0.004906876478344202,
0.09668497741222382,
-0.07308308780193329,
-0.05162222683429718,
0.10093621909618378,
0.09511686116456985,
0.05627211928367615,
0.030538300052285194,
-0.023719314485788345,
-0.06475727260112762,
-0.021116208285093307,
-0.10032807290554047,
-0.05591124668717384,
-0.00848046038299799,
-0.026995783671736717,
0.04646863788366318,
-0.024580631405115128,
-0.013430381193757057,
-0.08922577649354935,
-0.00486143259331584,
-0.01860302872955799,
0.09557115286588669,
-0.05674279108643532,
-0.05102809518575668,
0.013955759815871716,
-0.013648445717990398,
0.07106374204158783,
-0.030039791017770767,
-0.02810516394674778,
0.0318283811211586,
-0.08047163486480713,
-0.013866693712770939,
0.022161604836583138,
-0.035260554403066635,
0.010764333419501781,
0.11240923404693604,
-0.022764503955841064,
-0.08234870433807373,
0.00004352416726760566,
-0.013863533735275269,
0.01153555978089571,
0.0197609830647707,
-0.04068419337272644,
-0.008068926632404327,
0.09174476563930511,
0.011910087428987026,
-0.007667328231036663,
-0.009573016315698624,
-0.0805937722325325,
-0.004871333483606577,
-0.008719904348254204,
0.025708448141813278,
0.018217608332633972,
-0.046151939779520035,
-0.027849335223436356,
-0.01849840208888054,
-0.011293395422399044,
0.01556499395519495,
0.0702705979347229,
-0.0341094434261322,
-5.3550262890667e-8,
-0.012736566364765167,
0.019349483773112297,
-0.02350354567170143,
0.027160603553056717,
-0.053496457636356354,
-0.10836393386125565,
0.019489701837301254,
0.06276283413171768,
0.03803078457713127,
-0.023555180057883263,
0.01615901291370392,
0.0172567255795002,
-0.056179556995630264,
0.007606695406138897,
-0.004906522575765848,
0.054725922644138336,
0.06207411736249924,
0.032333239912986755,
0.028646495193243027,
-0.03609948977828026,
0.08927766978740692,
-0.07910778373479843,
-0.12009011209011078,
0.01066852081567049,
0.013819544576108456,
-0.009429588913917542,
-0.04281704127788544,
0.06800435483455658,
-0.033430881798267365,
0.036718692630529404,
-0.08160874992609024,
-0.013618863187730312,
-0.01501586101949215,
-0.14796777069568634,
-0.017643965780735016,
-0.04954272881150246,
-0.031240209937095642,
-0.029869835823774338,
0.05990234389901161,
-0.027504347264766693,
0.05724037438631058,
-0.03481569141149521,
0.005185374990105629,
-0.014029893092811108,
0.04363322630524635,
0.02592739462852478,
-0.096450075507164,
-0.04253535717725754,
0.06177530810236931,
0.03223546966910362,
-0.01657620072364807,
-0.08166836202144623,
0.05619732290506363,
-0.051719676703214645,
0.019114354625344276,
-0.01669815555214882,
0.023247119039297104,
0.043937668204307556,
-0.03976067900657654,
-0.11641857773065567,
0.03845696523785591,
0.04839999973773956,
0.010615132749080658,
0.011415875516831875
] | {
"pdf_file": "MM3LE7UZACMNXBDXA5FM6MTGBLZG7N4W.pdf",
"text": "2012–13 Guía sobre la ayuda federal para estudiantes\nCÓMO\nCOSTEAR SUS\nESTUDIOS\nSUPERIORES INFÓRMESE SOBRE LA AYUDA ECONÓMICA\nAyuda Estudiantil en la Web\nwww.studentaid.ed.gov\nEn el sitio web de la Oficina de Ayuda Federal para Estudiantes del \nDepartamento de Educación de los EE. UU.,puede:\n • Encontrar información detallada de los programas de Ayuda Federal \npara Estudiantes; investigar las opciones de escuelas y profesiones; \nconocer todo el proceso de ayuda federal para estudiantes, los criterios de selección y el proceso de solicitud; y acceder a otros sitios \nweb y publicaciones en línea de la Oficina de Ayuda Federal para \nEstudiantes.\n • Crear una cuenta “MyFSA”, una carpeta personalizada de ayuda \nfederal para estudiantes para ayudarlo a decidir la profesión que desea seguir, buscar escuelas y encontrar becas. Además, puede llevar un control de su evolución en la planificación escolar y el proceso de \nsolicitud, y acceder a otras fuentes de ayuda no federales.\nSOLICITE AYUDA ECONÓMICA\nFAFSA on the WebSM\nwww.fafsa.gov\nSolicite ayuda federal para estudiantes en línea utilizando FAFSA on the \nWebSM (la versión electrónica de la Solicitud Gratuita de Ayuda Federal para \nEstudiantes , o FAFSASM, por sus siglas en inglés).\nACCEDA A LOS REGISTROS DE SUS \nPRÉSTAMOS FEDERALES \nSistema nacional de registro de préstamos \neducativos National Student Loan Data SystemSM \n(NSLDSSM)\nwww.nslds.ed.gov\nUse su número de identificación personal (PIN, por sus siglas en inglés) de \nla Oficina de Ayuda Federal para Estudiantes para acceder a los registros de sus préstamos federales para estudiantes y obtenga la información de contacto de la entidad administradora de sus préstamos.\nFUERZAS ARMADAS DE LOS EE. UU.\nwww.studentaid.ed.gov/militares\nSi se encuentra en las Fuerzas Armadas o tiene algún familiar en el servicio \nmilitar, visite este sitio para conocer más sobre las opciones de becas, pagos y condonaciones de la deuda.DENUNCIE EL FRAUDE RELACIONADO CON \nLA AYUDA PARA ESTUDIANTES\nLínea directa de la Oficina del Inspector General \nwww.ed.gov/misused\nDenuncie el fraude relacionado con la ayuda para estudiantes (incluso \nel robo de identidad), el derroche o uso indebido de los fondos del Departamento de Educación de los EE. UU.\n1-800-MIS-USED (1-800-647-8733 ) \nCorreo electrónico: oig.hotline@ed.gov \nCONTÁCTENOS\nDepartamento de Educación de los EE. UU.\nCentro de Información sobre Ayuda Federal para \nEstudiantes (FSAIC)\n1-800-4-FED-AID (1-800-433-3243 ) \nP .O. Box 84 \nWashington, DC 20044-0084 \nLos usuarios de teletipo para personas con problemas auditivos \npueden llamar al 1-800-730-8913 . Las personas que se comuniquen \ndesde sitios que no tengan acceso a los números 1-800 pueden \nllamar al 319-337-5665 (no es un número sin costo).\nEl personal del Centro de Información sobre Ayuda Federal para \nEstudiantes (FSAIC, por sus siglas en inglés) responderá sus preguntas sobre la ayuda federal para estudiantes y le brindará:\n • información sobre los programas federales de ayuda para estudiantes;\n •ayuda para completar la FAFSA;\n •ayuda para hacer correcciones o actualizaciones en su FAFSA;\n • ayuda para comprender su Informe de Ayuda Estudiantil (SAR, por \nsus siglas en inglés), que contiene los resultados de sus solicitudes;\n • información sobre el proceso de determinación de las necesidades \neconómicas y concesión de ayuda; y\n • información general sobre sus préstamos federales para estudiantes \nvigentes.\nTambién puede usar el sistema de respuesta automatizada en el FSAIC para saber si la FAFSA fue procesada y solicitar una copia de su \nInforme \nde Ayuda Estudiantil (SAR). O puede escribir al FSAIC.\nOrganismos estatales de educación superior\nwww.ed.gov/Programs/bastmp/SHEA.htm (la página \ndistingue entre letras mayúsculas y minúsculas)\nLista de agencias responsables de la administración de los programas \nestatales de ayuda financiera.\nSi pagó por una copia de esta publicación GRATUITA \nescriba al FSAIC a la dirección antes mencionada.Sitios web útiles e información de contacto CÓMO COSTEAR SUS \nESTUDIOS SUPERIORES\nGuía sobre la ayuda federal para estudiantes | 2012–13\nDepartamento de Educación de los EE. UU.\nOficina de Ayuda Federal para Estudiantes Departamento de Educación de los EE. UU.\nArne Duncan \nSecretario \nOficina de Ayuda Federal para Estudiantes\nJames W . RuncieDirector de Operaciones \nGrupo de Experiencia Estudiantil\nBrenda F . W ensilDirectora General en Funciones \nAbril de 2012\nEsta publicación es de dominio público. Queda autorizada su \nreproducción total o parcial. No es necesario obtener permiso para reproducir la publicación. Sin embargo, en caso de citas, debe indicarse la fuente de la siguiente manera: Departamento de Educación de los EE. UU., Oficina de Ayuda Federal para Estudiantes, Grupo de Experiencia del Cliente, Cómo costear sus \nestudios superiores: Guía sobre la ayuda federal para estudiantes, 2012–13 , W ashington, D.C., 2011.\nActualizaciones\nTodo cambio en los programas de ayuda federal para estudiantes posterior a la fecha de impresión esta publicación estará disponible en www.studentaid.ed.gov .\nSe pueden obtener ejemplares de esta \npublicación por los siguientes medios\nEstudiantes y padres\nPor Internet: www.edpubs.gov\nPor correo electrónico: edpubs@edpubs.ed.gov\nPor teléfono (sin costo): 1-877-433-7827 (1-877-4-ED-PUBS )\nQuienes utilicen un dispositivo de telecomunicación para sordos o \nun teletipo para personas con problemas auditivos deben llamar al 1-877-576-7734 .Orientadores, mentores y otros \nprofesionales\nPor Internet: www.fsapubs.gov\nPor correo electrónico: orders@fsapubs.gov\nPor teléfono (sin costo): 1-800-394-7084\nQuienes utilicen un dispositivo de telecomunicación para sordos o \nun teletipo para personas con problemas auditivos deben llamar al 1-877-576-7734 .\nAcceso en línea\nLa presente publicación también está disponible en www.studentaid.ed.gov/publicaciones .\nFormatos alternativos\nEsta publicación se puede conseguir en formatos alternativos; por ejemplo, en braille. Para obtener más información, comuníquese con la Oficina de Ayuda Federal para Estudiantes a través de los medios mencionados en esta página.\nAlgunos de las direcciones de Web que se encuentran en la presente \npublicación conducen a sitios web creados y mantenidos por entidades ajenas al Departamento de Educación de los EE. UU. Se las incluye para conveniencia del lector. El Departamento de Educación de los EE. UU. no controla ni garantiza la exactitud, relevancia, vigencia o integridad de esa información externa. Asimismo, la inclusión de direcciones de Web específicas no pretende reflejar su importancia; tampoco busca avalar las opiniones vertidas o los productos o servicios ofrecidos en dichos sitios externos o a las organizaciones que los patrocinan.\nTodas las direcciones web indicadas en la presente publicación estaban actualizadas a la \nfecha de edición.\nFotos de la portada: \nDepartamento de Educación de los EE. UU.La información de esta guía fue compilada en el verano de 2011. \nPara ver los cambios en los programas de ayuda federal para \nestudiantes desde esa fecha, visite: www.studentaid.ed.gov . La Guía iii\nÍNDICE\nResumen sobre la ayuda federal para \nestudiantes ............................................... 1\nCuadro 1. Ayuda federal para estudiantes: Tipo de ayuda, \ncriterios de selección, monto de concesión, tasa de interésy otros detalles, por programa\n . .......................................... 2\nPasos para obtener ayuda federal para estudiantes . .......... 4\nProceso de ayuda federal para estudiantes . ....................... 4\nParte I. PREPARARSE PARA PAGAR LA \nUNIVERSIDAD ........................................... 5\nElija la institución educativa correcta . .................. 5\n¿Qué tipo de institución es correcta para mí? . ............................... 5\nMyFSA . .................................................................. 5\n¿Qué puedo hacer con una cuenta MyFSA? . .................................. 5\nEstimación preliminar de criterios de selección: \nFAFSA4casterSM . ..................................................... 5\n¿Qué es el FAFSA4caster ? . ................................................................ 5\n¿Quién debe usar FAFSA4caster ? . ................................................... 6\nReducción del costo educativo . .............................. 6\nInstituciones de menor costo . .......................................................... 6\nOrganismos estatales de educación superior . ................................ 6\nTrabajo u oportunidades de desempeñarse como voluntario . ..... 6\nCréditos del impuesto federal sobre los ingresos y exenciones \nfiscales . ............................................................................................... 6\n¿Reúno los requisitos? . .......................................... 6\nEstudiantes con discapacidades intelectuales . .............................. 6\n¿Cuánta ayuda financiera puedo obtener? . ............ 6\nCálculo de su necesidad económica . .............................................. 6\nCuadro 2. Requisitos básicos . ............................................ 7\nComprenda su aporte familiar previsto (EFC) . ............................. 8\n¿Cómo recibiré el dinero y con cuánta frecuencia? . ..................... 8\nCircunstancias familiares excepcionales . ....................................... 8\nTipos de ayuda federal para estudiantes . ............... 8\nExisten tres tipos de ayuda federal para estudiantes. . .................. 8\nBecas . .................................................................... 8\nExisten cuatro tipos de becas de ayuda federal para estudiantes. 8\n¿Puedo recibir una beca si me estoy matriculado menos de medio tiempo?\n .............................................................................. 9\nProgramas de Estudio y Trabajo . ........................... 9\n¿Qué es el Programa Federal de Estudio y Trabajo? . ..................... 9\nPréstamos . ............................................................. 9\nPrograma Federal de Préstamos Perkins . ....................................... 9¿Cuánto puedo pedir prestado? . ...................................................... 9\n¿Cómo recibiré mis préstamos? . ..................................................... 9\nPrograma federal de préstamos William D. Ford del Direct Loan Program\n . ............................................................................................ 9\nPréstamos del Direct Loan Program . .......................................... 9\nPréstamos PLUS del Direct Loan Program . ............................... 9\nPréstamos de Consolidación del Direct Loan Program . ......... 10\n¿Cuánto puedo pedir prestado? . .................................................... 10\n¿Cómo recibiré mis préstamos? . ................................................... 10\n¿Qué sucede si no deseo el(los) préstamo(s) que me ofrecen? . .10\n¿Cuál es la tasa de interés de estos préstamos? ............................. 10\nCuadro 3. Tasas de interés para préstamos Perkins y del Direct Loan Program\n . ....................................................... 10\n¿Quién paga el interés de mis préstamos? . .................................. 10\nSin devengación de intereses para prestatarios en el servicio militar\n . .............................................................................................. 11\nOtras fuentes de información . ............................. 11\nCuadro 4. Montos máximos anuales y acumulados para los préstamos con y sin subsidio del Direct Loan Program, por tipo de alumno y cantidad de años en la institución\n . ........ 12\nParte II. PRESENTAR LA SOLICITUD DE \nAYUDA ................................................... 13\nCompletar la FAFSASM . ........................................ 13\n¿Qué necesito para completar la FAFSA? . .................................... 13\n¿Cuándo debo solicitar la ayuda federal para estudiantes? . ........ 13\n¿Cómo la solicito? . .......................................................................... 13\n¿Qué hago si necesito ayuda para completar mi FAFSA? ............ 13\n¿Cómo firmo mi solicitud en línea? . ............................................. 13\n¿Cómo y cuándo debo obtener un PIN? . ...................................... 14\nNo recuerdo mi PIN. . ..................................................................... 14\n¡Proteja su PIN! ................................................................................ 14\nCuadro 5. Situación de dependencia . ................................ 14\n¿Qué sucede si se me considera un alumno dependiente pero no \ntengo contacto con mis padres ni acceso a su información? . ..... 15\n¿Qué sucede si soy un alumno dependiente pero mis padres\nestán divorciados o separados? . ..................................................... 15\n¿Debo declarar la información de mis padrastros? . .................... 15\n¿Necesito completar una F AFSA por cada año que solicite la ayuda? . .15\n¿Qué sucede después de que presento mi \nFAFSA electrónica? . ............................................ 15\nRecibirá su Informe de Ayuda Estudiantil (SAR), que son los \nresultados de la FAFSA procesada. . .............................................. 15\n¿Qué hago con mi SAR? .................................................................. 15\nRealizar correcciones a mi información . ...................................... 16\n¿Cuándo recibiré mi ayuda? . ............................... 16\n¿Cuánto recibiré? . ............................................................................ 16 La Guía iv\nParte III. REEMBOLSO DE SU PRÉSTAMO . ..17\nReembolso del préstamo . .................................... 17\n¿Cuándo comienzo a reembolsar mis préstamos estudiantiles? 17\n¿Cuánto tiempo tengo para reembolsar mis préstamos \nestudiantiles? . .................................................................................. 17\n¿Cuánto tengo que pagar por mes? . .............................................. 17\n¿Qué planes de pago están disponibles? . ...................................... 17\n¿Qué sucede si tengo problemas para pagar mis préstamos? . ....17\n¿Cómo puedo llevar un control de cuánto dinero estoy pidiendo prestado y los tipos de ayuda que tengo?\n . ............... 17\nAplazamiento del pago del préstamo . .................. 17\nSolicitar un aplazamiento de pago o suspensión temporal\nde cobro . ........................................................................................... 18\nConsolidación de sus préstamos . ......................... 18\n¿Qué significa consolidación de préstamos? . ............................... 18\n¿Cuándo puedo consolidar mis préstamos? . ................................ 18\nCancelación del préstamo . ................................... 18\n¿Es posible cancelar mi préstamo federal para estudiantes? . ..... 18\nGLOSARIO .............................................. 19\nOTRAS PUBLICACIONES DE LA\nOFICINA DE AYUDA FEDERAL PARAESTUDIANTES \n ............................. Interior de la contratapa\nEn virtud de la Ley de Conciliación sobre Salud y Educación de 2010 , a partir del 1.º de julio de 2010, los préstamos \nfederales para estudiantes en virtud del programa federal de préstamos educativos Federal Family Education Loan \n(FFEL) ProgramSM ya no son otorgados por prestamistas privados. En lugar de ello, todos los nuevos préstamos federales \npara estudiantes provienen directamente del Departamento de Educación de los EE. UU. en virtud del sistema Direct Loan Program\nSM. PREPARAR RECIBIR SOLICITAR REEMBOLSAR INFORMACIÓN \nGENERAL\nLa Guía 1\nEsta sección es una referencia rápida de los programas federales de ayuda para estudiantes de la Oficina de Ayuda \nFederal para Estudiantes del Departamento de Educación de los EE. UU. El resto de la publicación brinda más \ninformación sobre lo que necesita saber a medida que atraviesa el proceso de ayuda federal para estudiantes.\n¿Quién puede recibir la ayuda federal para estudiantes?\nTodo estudiante, que reúna algunos de los requisitos básicos de participación, puede obtener algún tipo de ayuda económica, más allá \nde la edad o los ingresos familiares. \n¿Qué es la ayuda federal para estudiantes?\nEs una ayuda económica del gobierno federal para ayudarle a pagar los gastos de estudio en una universidad, escuela técnica, escuela profesional o escuela de posgrado, que reúnan los requisitos. Existen tres categorías de ayuda federal para estudiantes: becas, programas de estudio y trabajo, y préstamos.\n¿Qué es la FAFSA?\nEs la Solicitud Gratuita de Ayuda Federal para Estudiantes (FAFSASM), que debe completar para recibir esta ayuda.\n¿Cómo solicito la ayuda económica?\nComplete la FAFSA, electrónica o impresa, para acceder a la ayuda económica que le asistirá en el pago de la universidad. La solicitud electrónica simplificada está disponible en www.fafsa.gov .\n¿Cuándo la solicito?\nSolicítela lo antes que pueda después del 1.° de enero del año en que piensa asistir a la universidad.\n¿Cuánto ayuda económica hay disponible?\nDisponemos más de $ 150 mil millones todos los años para ayudar a los estudiantes a cubrir la matrícula y las cuotas, el alojamiento y la comida, los libros y los útiles, el transporte y otros gastos relacionados con la educación.\nEl gráfico abajo a la derecha o izquierda de cada página ofrece una clave para el tema principal; basado en el ciclo \nPreparar-Solicitar-Recibir-Reembolsar, que se incluye en el texto de esa página. Resumen sobre la ayuda\nfederal para estudiantes PREPARAR RECIBIR SOLICITAR REEMBOLSAR INFORMACIÓN \nGENERAL\nLa Guía 2\nResumen\nCuadro 1. Ayuda federal para estudiantes: Tipo de ayuda, criterios de selección, monto de concesión, tasa de interés y otros detalles, por programa\nBECAS Y PROGRAMAS DE TRABAJO Y ESTUDIO\nPrograma Tipo de ayuda Derecho a participar (es decir, quién puede obtener la ayuda) Montos anuales otorgados Detalles\nBeca Federal Pell Beca: no es necesario reembolsarla. Está disponible casi exclusivamente para estudiantes de pregrado. Hasta $ 5,550 para 2011–12\nBeca Federal Complementaria para la \nOportunidad Educativa (Beca Complementaria)Beca: no es necesario reembolsarla. Para estudiantes de pregrado con una necesidad económica excepcional. Se da \nprioridad a los beneficiarios de la Beca Federal Pell. Se otorgan en función de la disponibilidad de fondos de la institución educativa.$ 100–$ 4,000\nBeca de Estudios Superiores para el Fomento de \nla Docencia (Beca TEACH)Beca: no es necesario reembolsarla a menos que no cumpla con la obligación de prestar los servicios acordados.Para estudiantes de pregrado y posgrado que cursen o vayan a cursar los estudios necesarios para convertirse en maestro de escuela primaria o secundaria. El becario debe firmar un acuerdo de prestación de servicio docente mediante el cual se compromete a enseñar a tiempo completo en un área designada donde haya pocos docentes por cuatro años completos en una escuela primaria o secundaria para niños de familias con bajos recursos.\nHasta $ 4,000. Estudiantes de pregrado: el monto total no podrá exceder $ 16,000.\nEstudiantes de posgrado: el monto total no podrá exceder $ 8,000.\nBeca por servicios prestados en Irak y Afganistán Beca: no es necesario reembolsarla. Destinada a los estudiantes de pregrado que no pueden acceder a la Beca Pell, cuyos padres o tutores legales hayan fallecido tras haber prestado servicios en Irak o Afganistán después del atentado del 11 de septiembre; y a quienes, al momento del fallecimiento del padre o tutor legal, fueran menores de 24 años o estuvieran cursando, al menos, a tiempo parcial en una institución de educación superior.Igual que la Beca Federal Pell.\nPrograma Federal de Estudio y Trabajo Fondos ganados mientras el estudiante asiste a la institución educativa. No es necesario reembolsarlos.Para estudiantes de pregrado y posgrado; se otorgan en función de la disponibilidad de fondos de la institución educativa.\nSin montos anuales mínimos o máximos. Los trabajos se pueden desempeñar dentro o fuera del campus; los estudiantes perciben, al menos, el salario mínimo federal.\nPréstamos Federales Perkins Préstamo: se debe reembolsar con intereses.\nTasa de interés: 5%.Estudiantes de pregrado y posgrado.Deben demostrar la necesidad económica; se otorgan en función de \nla disponibilidad de fondos de la institución educativa.Estudiantes de pregrado: hasta $ 5,500. \nEstudiantes de posgrado y con título de posgrado: hasta $ 8,000.Se debe reembolsar a la institución educativa que le otorgó el préstamo.\nHasta 10 años para cancelarlo, según el monto que se deba.\nPréstamos educativos William D. Ford del Direct \nLoan Program\nPréstamos con subsidio del interés del Direct \nLoan ProgramPréstamo: se debe reembolsar con intereses.\nTasa de interés: 6.8%.\n( P ara préstamos desembolsados por primera vez a \npartir del 1.° de julio de 2012, inclusive).Estudiantes de pregrado inscritos, al menos, medio tiempo. \nDeben demostrar necesidad económica.$ 3,500–$ 5,500, según el nivel de estudio en la institución educativa. El Departamento de Educación de los EE. UU. es el prestamista y paga intereses sobre los \npréstamos mientras usted cursa en la institución educativa, al menos, a medio tiempo, y durante los períodos de gracia y de aplazamiento de pago.\nEntre 10 y 25 años para reembolsar, según el monto que se deba y el tipo de plan de pago \nelegido.\nPréstamos sin subsidio del interés del Direct Loan \nProgram.Préstamo: se debe reembolsar con intereses.\nTasa de interés: 6.8%.Estudiantes de pregrado y posgrado inscritos, al menos, medio \ntiempo.\nNo se requiere demostrar necesidad económica.$ 5,500–$ 20,500 (menos los montos con subsidio que se reciban durante el mismo \nperíodo), según el nivel de estudio en la institución y la situación de dependencia.El Departamento de Educación de los EE. UU. es el prestamista.El prestatario es responsable de pagar todos los intereses del préstamo, a partir de la fecha \nen que se desembolse el préstamo por primera vez.\nEntre 10 y 25 años para reembolsar, según el monto que se deba y el tipo de plan de pago \nelegido.\nPréstamos PLUS del Direct Loan Program\n(Para padres y alumnos de posgrado y con título de \nposgrado).Préstamo: se debe reembolsar con intereses.\nTasa de interés: 7.9%.Estudiantes de posgrado.Padres de alumnos de pregrado dependientes que ayuden a pagar \nel costo de la educación de sus hijos.\nNo es necesario demostrar necesidad económica; no debe haber un \nhistorial crediticio negativo; debe estar inscrito, al menos, a medio tiempo.Costo de estudiar (determinado por la institución educativa) menos cualquier otra \nayuda financiera recibida; no hay un monto mínimo.El Departamento de Educación de los EE. UU. es el prestamista. \nEl préstamo no está subsidiado (usted es responsable de pagar todos los intereses).Cuota del 4% del monto del préstamo.\nPréstamos de Consolidación del Direct Loan \nProgramPréstamo: se debe reembolsar con intereses.\nLa tasa de interés es fija y se calcula en función \ndel promedio ponderado del interés de los préstamos consolidados, se redondea al octavo más cercano de 1%.\nTasa de interés: no puede exceder el 8.25%.Prestatarios con uno o más préstamos federales para estudiantes.\nSin montos mínimos o máximos.\nDepende de la cantidad de los préstamos consolidados.Un prestatario puede combinar sus préstamos federales para estudiantes en un solo \npréstamo.PRÉSTAMOS\nPrograma Tipo de ayudaDerecho a participar (es decir, quién puede\nobtener el préstamo)Montos anuales otorgados Detalles PREPARAR RECIBIR SOLICITAR REEMBOLSAR INFORMACIÓN \nGENERAL\nLa Guía 3\nCuadro 1. Ayuda federal para estudiantes: Tipo de ayuda, criterios de selección, monto de concesión, tasa de interés y otros detalles, por programa\nBECAS Y PROGRAMAS DE TRABAJO Y ESTUDIO\nPrograma Tipo de ayuda Derecho a participar (es decir, quién puede obtener la ayuda) Montos anuales otorgados Detalles\nBeca Federal Pell Beca: no es necesario reembolsarla. Está disponible casi exclusivamente para estudiantes de pregrado. Hasta $ 5,550 para 2011–12\nBeca Federal Complementaria para la \nOportunidad Educativa (Beca Complementaria)Beca: no es necesario reembolsarla. Para estudiantes de pregrado con una necesidad económica excepcional. Se da \nprioridad a los beneficiarios de la Beca Federal Pell. Se otorgan en función de la disponibilidad de fondos de la institución educativa.$ 100–$ 4,000\nBeca de Estudios Superiores para el Fomento de \nla Docencia (Beca TEACH)Beca: no es necesario reembolsarla \na menos que no cumpla con la obligación de prestar los servicios acordados.Para estudiantes de pregrado y posgrado que cursen o vayan a cursar los estudios necesarios para convertirse en maestro de escuela primaria o secundaria. El becario debe firmar un acuerdo de prestación de servicio docente mediante el cual se compromete a enseñar a tiempo completo en un área designada donde haya pocos docentes por cuatro años completos en una escuela primaria o secundaria para niños de familias con bajos recursos.\nHasta $ 4,000. Estudiantes de pregrado: el monto total no podrá exceder $ 16,000.\nEstudiantes de posgrado: el monto total no podrá exceder $ 8,000.\nBeca por servicios prestados en Irak y Afganistán Beca: no es necesario reembolsarla. Destinada a los estudiantes de pregrado que no pueden acceder a la Beca Pell, \ncuyos padres o tutores legales hayan fallecido tras haber prestado servicios en Irak o Afganistán después del atentado del 11 de septiembre; y a quienes, al momento del fallecimiento del padre o tutor legal, fueran menores de 24 años o estuvieran cursando, al menos, a tiempo parcial en una institución de educación superior.Igual que la Beca Federal Pell.\nPrograma Federal de Estudio y Trabajo Fondos ganados mientras el \nestudiante asiste a la institución educativa. No es necesario reembolsarlos.Para estudiantes de pregrado y posgrado; se otorgan en función de la disponibilidad de fondos de la institución educativa.\nSin montos anuales mínimos o máximos. Los trabajos se pueden desempeñar dentro o fuera del campus; los estudiantes perciben, al \nmenos, el salario mínimo federal.\nPréstamos Federales Perkins Préstamo: se debe reembolsar con intereses.\nTasa de interés: 5%.Estudiantes de pregrado y posgrado.Deben demostrar la necesidad económica; se otorgan en función de \nla disponibilidad de fondos de la institución educativa.Estudiantes de pregrado: hasta $ 5,500. \nEstudiantes de posgrado y con título de posgrado: hasta $ 8,000.Se debe reembolsar a la institución educativa que le otorgó el préstamo.\nHasta 10 años para cancelarlo, según el monto que se deba.\nPréstamos educativos William D. Ford del Direct \nLoan Program\nPréstamos con subsidio del interés del Direct \nLoan ProgramPréstamo: se debe reembolsar con intereses.\nTasa de interés: 6.8%.\n( Para préstamos desembolsados por primera vez a \npartir del 1.° de julio de 2012, inclusive).Estudiantes de pregrado inscritos, al menos, medio tiempo. Deben demostrar necesidad económica. $ 3,500–$ 5,500, según el nivel de estudio en la institución educativa. El Departamento de Educación de los EE. UU. es el prestamista y paga intereses sobre los \npréstamos mientras usted cursa en la institución educativa, al menos, a medio tiempo, y durante los períodos de gracia y de aplazamiento de pago.\nEntre 10 y 25 años para reembolsar, según el monto que se deba y el tipo de plan de pago \nelegido.\nPréstamos sin subsidio del interés del Direct Loan \nProgram.Préstamo: se debe reembolsar con intereses.\nTasa de interés: 6.8%.Estudiantes de pregrado y posgrado inscritos, al menos, medio \ntiempo.\nNo se requiere demostrar necesidad económica.$ 5,500–$ 20,500 (menos los montos con subsidio que se reciban durante el mismo \nperíodo), según el nivel de estudio en la institución y la situación de dependencia.El Departamento de Educación de los EE. UU. es el prestamista.\nEl prestatario es responsable de pagar todos los intereses del préstamo, a partir de la fecha \nen que se desembolse el préstamo por primera vez.\nEntre 10 y 25 años para reembolsar, según el monto que se deba y el tipo de plan de pago \nelegido.\nPréstamos PLUS del Direct Loan Program\n(Para padres y alumnos de posgrado y con título de posgrado).Préstamo: se debe reembolsar con intereses.\nTasa de interés: 7.9%.Estudiantes de posgrado.Padres de alumnos de pregrado dependientes que ayuden a pagar \nel costo de la educación de sus hijos.\nNo es necesario demostrar necesidad económica; no debe haber un \nhistorial crediticio negativo; debe estar inscrito, al menos, a medio tiempo.Costo de estudiar (determinado por la institución educativa) menos cualquier otra \nayuda financiera recibida; no hay un monto mínimo.El Departamento de Educación de los EE. UU. es el prestamista. \nEl préstamo no está subsidiado (usted es responsable de pagar todos los intereses).Cuota del 4% del monto del préstamo.\nPréstamos de Consolidación del Direct Loan \nProgramPréstamo: se debe reembolsar con intereses.\nLa tasa de interés es fija y se calcula en función \ndel promedio ponderado del interés de los préstamos consolidados, se redondea al octavo más cercano de 1%.\nTasa de interés: no puede exceder el 8.25%.Prestatarios con uno o más préstamos federales para estudiantes.\nSin montos mínimos o máximos.\nDepende de la cantidad de los préstamos consolidados.Un prestatario puede combinar sus préstamos federales para estudiantes en un solo \npréstamo.PRÉSTAMOS\nPrograma Tipo de ayudaDerecho a participar (es decir, quién puede\nobtener el préstamo)Montos anuales otorgados Detalles PREPARAR RECIBIR SOLICITAR REEMBOLSAR INFORMACIÓN \nGENERAL\nLa Guía 4\nResumen\n Pasos para obtener ayuda federal para estudiantes\nLa siguiente figura le ayudará a llevar un control de lo que necesita hacer cuando solicite ayuda federal para estudiantes.\nPREPARAR\nEsta guía le brinda información \nsobre los programas federales de \nayuda para estudiantes, así como \notros medios para pagar su educación \ndespués de la escuela secundaria.SOLICITAR\nDemasiados alumnos presumen que \nno reúnen los requisitos o piensan \nque la FAFSA es difícil de completar. \nLa FAFSA electrónica mejorada es \nmucho más simple que lo que solía \nser. Es una buena idea presentar la \nsolicitud. Puede sorprenderse con los \nmontos de ayuda que puede recibir.RECIBIR\nLe informaremos a usted y a las instituciones educativas seleccionadas \nsobre su aporte familiar previsto \n(EFC, por sus siglas en inglés). Luego, \nlas instituciones educativas le dirán \nel monto –y los tipos– de ayuda a los \nque puede acceder.REEMBOLSAR\nSi su ayuda consiste en un préstamo, \nesta guía le brindará información \ngeneral sobre el reembolso. Puede \nencontrar información detallada \nsobre cómo reembolsar los préstamos \npara estudiantes en\nwww.studentaid.ed.gov/pagar \ny sobre Préstamos federales para \nestudiantes: Conozca los conceptos básicos y administre su deuda\nwww .studentaid.ed.gov/publicaciones .Proceso de ayuda federal para estudiantesNota: Es posible que pueda obtener ayuda económica del gobierno estatal, de la institución educativa o a través de una beca privada. Busque asistencia no \nfederal con antelación (es buena idea comenzar en la primavera del primer año de secundaria). Puede consultar becas con el motor de búsquedas \ngratuito que se encuentra en www.studentaid.ed.gov/scholarship. ¡Asegúrese de cumplir con todas las fechas tope de la solicitud!PASO 1\nPuede obtener información y ayuda gratuita de un asesor de la institución educativa, de la oficina de ayuda económica de la universidad o escuela profesional en \nla que planea estudiar, o del Departamento de Educación de los EE. UU. en www.studentaid.ed.gov o 1-800-4-FED-AID (1-800-433-3243) . En todo momento \ndurante el proceso de solicitud, se brinda asistencia sin cargo. Jamás debe pagar para obtener ayuda.\nPASO 2\nReúna los documentos necesarios para la solicitud, incluso las declaraciones del impuesto sobre los ingresos y los formularios W-2 (como también otros registros de ingresos). Encontrará una lista completa de lo que necesita en www.fafsa.gov . ¿La declaración de impuestos no estaba completa al momento de presentar la \nsolicitud? Calcule cifras aproximadas, presente la solicitud y corrija los datos más adelante.\nPASO 5\nLa universidad o escuela profesional a la que planea asistir puede tener interés en contar con información adicional sobre usted. Asegúrese de responder en la fecha tope o es probable que no reciba la ayuda federal para estudiantes.\nPASO 6\nTodos los solicitantes: la universidad o escuela profesional le dirá qué suma podrá obtener en dicha institución. Comuníquese con la oficina de ayuda económica de \nla institución educativa si tiene dudas sobre lo que le ofrecen.Solicitantes nuevos:\n revise las cartas de otorgamiento enviadas por las instituciones educativas para comparar los montos y t ipos de ayuda que le ofrecen. Decida \nen qué institución estudiará en función de una combinación d e las siguientes circunstancias: (a) qué tan bien se ajusta a sus necesidades; y (b) la viabilidad económica \ndespués de tomar en cuenta toda la ayuda económica brindada.\nEl proceso de ayuda federal para estudiantes tiene cuatro ciclos. A continuación presentamos una breve descripción de cada uno de ellos.PASO 3\nComplete la FAFSA entre el 1.º de enero de 2012 y el 30 de junio de 2013 (¡plazos sin e xcepciones!). PERO, hágalo tan pronto como pueda después del 1.º de enero \npara respetar las fechas tope del estado y de la institución educativa (ver nota después del paso 6). Presente la solicitud electrónica FAFSA on the WebSM (la forma más \nrápida y fácil); para ello, ingrese a www.fafsa.gov . Si aún no tiene su PIN para firmar en forma electrónica su FAFSA, p uede obtenerlo al llenar l a FAFSA electrónica.\nPASO 4\nEn pocos días, el Departamento de Educación de los EE. UU. le enviará su Informe de Ayuda Estudiantil (SAR, por sus siglas en inglés), el resultado de su FAFSA, \npor correo electrónico con un enlace a su SAR electrónico o por correo si completó la FAFSA impresa. Revíselo y, si fuera necesario, efectúe cambios o correcciones \nsiguiendo las instrucciones allí provistas. El informe completo y correcto tendrá el aporte familiar previsto (número empleado para determinar si reúne los requisitos \npara la ayuda federal para estudiantes).\nLos préstamos estudiantiles, a diferencia de las becas y los \nprogramas de estudio y trabajo, son dinero prestado que se debe reembolsar, con intereses, como los préstamos para automóviles y las hipotecas para viviendas. No se puede cancelar estos préstamos porque a usted no le gustó la educación que recibió, porque no consiguió un trabajo en el campo de estudio o porque tiene dificultades económicas. Los préstamos son obligaciones legales, por lo tanto, antes de sacar un préstamo estudiantil, piense en el monto que deberá pagar a lo largo de los años. Para obtener más información sobre los planes de pagos, visite:www.studentaid.ed.gov/pagar . La Guía 5PREPARAR RECIBIR SOLICITAR REEMBOLSAR INFORMACIÓN \nGENERAL\nCuando decimos \"institución educativa\" en esta guía, nos \nreferimos a una universidad o un instituto profesional, privado o público, de dos o cuatro años.\nElija la institución educativa correcta\n¿Qué tipo de institución es correcta para mí?\nSi no puede decidirse dónde estudiar o necesita ayuda para planificar sus estudios universitarios, comuníquese con el asesor escolar o:\n•\t\n Visite: www.studentaid.ed.gov y haga clic en “Elegir la \ninstitución educativa\". \n•\t Lea el catálogo o los materiales de introducción de la institución.\n•\t Visite el College Navigator del Departamento de Educación \nde los EE. UU. en www.nces.ed.gov/collegenavigator.\n•\tVisite: www.collegecost.ed.gov.\nRecuerde evaluar con atención todos los aspectos relevantes de las instituciones educativas que está considerando. El solo hecho de que una institución participe de nuestros programas de ayuda estudiantil no significa que avalamos la calidad de educación que la institución ofrece.\nSi sospecha que hubo fraude, derroche o uso indebido de la \nayuda federal para estudiantes o si considera que el personal de la institución educativa realizó una declaración falsa de algún aspecto del programa educativo o sus costos, debe llamar a la línea directa de la Oficina del Inspector General, al 1-800-MIS-USED (1-800-647-8733 ). \nMyFSA\nCree un perfil en la la página de ayuda federal para estudiantes para tener un control de las búsquedas de universidades, las solicitudes para universidades, intereses de carreras y otros temas relacionados con su búsqueda de universidades y carreras. Visite: www.studentaid.ed.gov/myfsa para crear su cuenta MyFSA.\n¿Qué puedo hacer con una cuenta MyFSA?\nCree un perfil. Su información se guardará en su perfil. \nBusque universidades y becas. Cualquier universidad que agregue será guardada y puede usarse en hojas de trabajo y cuadros que use en MyFSA.\nEnvíe solicitudes a las universidades. MyFSA hará un \nseguimiento donde usted haya dejado de ingresar su información \ny lo conectará con todas las solicitudes en progreso. \nGuarde y tenga acceso a la información de ayuda económica. \nCualquier información sobre becas, préstamos y costos de estudiar \nestará guardada. T ambién puede calcular un aporte familiar \nprevisto (EFC) ; el índice para determinar si reúne los requisitos.\nCree un calendario de eventos. Acceda a sus eventos en forma \ndiaria, semanal o mensual.\nBúsqueda de profesiones. Una vez que haya completado la \nautoevaluación y la búsqueda de profesiones, toda profesión o \nespecialidad que haya cumplido con sus especificaciones puede guardarse y accederse.\nEstimación preliminar de criterios \nde selección: FAFSA4casterSM\n¿Qué es el FAFSA4caster ?\nFAFSA4casterSM, en www.fafsa.gov , es una herramienta gratuita \nen línea que le brinda una primera estimación del tipo y monto \nde ayuda federal que puede recibir y, así, ayudarle a hacer los planes para la universidad. PARTE I.\nPrepararse para pagar la\nuniversidad\n¿No está seguro de qué significa algún término?\nEncontrará términos de ayuda económica que puedan resultarle nuevos. Estas palabras estarán resaltadas en negrita la \nprimera vez que aparezcan. Vaya al Glosario, en la página 19, o visite nuestro glosario en línea en: www.studentaid.ed.gov/\nglosario para saber su significado. La Guía 6\nPrepararse para pagar la universidad\nPREPARAR RECIBIR SOLICITAR REEMBOLSAR INFORMACIÓN \nGENERAL\n¿Quién debe usar FAFSA4caster ?\nFAFSA4caster es para todas las personas que no estén \npreparadas para presentar una FAFSA oficial. No es necesario que esté en el último año de la escuela secundaria para usar FAFSA4caster; de hecho, la herramienta es recomendada para estudiantes del anteúltimo año e, incluso, para estudiantes de la escuela intermedia.\nReducción del costo educativo\nHay otras opciones que debería considerar para bajar el costo de \nsu educación después de la escuela secundaria.\nInstituciones de menor costo\n•\t Los centros universitarios públicos de dos años son \ngeneralmente menos costosos que las instituciones de cuatro \naños. Asegúrese de que los cursos de los centros universitarios públicos de dos años se convaliden con su universidad de cuatro años y que cuenten para su título universitario. Hable cualquier inquietud que tenga sobre los cursos con convalidación y los créditos con la persona encargada de los expedientes en la universidad a la que haya sido transferido.\n•\tPuede vivir en su casa y ahorrar dinero en hospedaje. \nOrganismos estatales de educación superior\nComuníquese con el organismo estatal de educación superior \nsobre cualquier programa asistencial o beca patrocinada por su estado. Encuentre la información de contacto en:\nwww.ed.gov/Programs/bastmp/SHEA.htm (la página \ndistingue entre letras mayúsculas y minúsculas).\nTrabajo u oportunidades de desempeñarse \ncomo voluntario\nPuede trabajar a tiempo parcial para pagar parte de sus costos \nsiempre y cuando los horarios de trabajo y escuela no se interpongan y tenga suficiente tiempo para estudiar.\nCréditos del impuesto federal sobre los \ningresos y exenciones fiscales\nExisten créditos tributarios disponibles para ayudarle a compensar \nlos costos de la educación superior y, de esa forma, reducir el monto de su impuesto sobre los ingresos. Ciertos prestatarios pueden recibir una deducción de sus impuestos por el interés que realmente se paga sobre los préstamos para estudiantes para gastos de estudio postsecundaria. Para obtener información sobre ambos beneficios, ver la publicación 970 del Servicio Interno de Impuestos (IRS, por sus siglas en inglés) Beneficios tributarios para \nla educación (Tax Benefits for Education) en www.irs.gov .\n¿Reúno los requisitos?\nPara recibir ayuda de los programas federales de ayuda para estudiantes que se mencionan en esta guía, debe reunir algunos requisitos básicos (ver cuadro 2). Para obtener más detalles, visite: www.studentaid.ed.gov/requisitos. No hay edad límite, ni edad tope para recibir la ayuda federal para estudiantes.\n¿Cuánta ayuda financiera puedo \nobtener?\nLa cantidad de ayuda que consiga depende de: \n•\t su necesidad económica;\n•\t su costo de estudiar (monto total que le costará asistir a la \ninstitución educativa); y\n•\t situación de su matrícula (es decir, tiempo completo, medio \ntiempo, etc.).\nCálculo de su necesidad económica\nLa ayuda para la mayoría de nuestros programas se otorga en \nfunción de la necesidad económica (excepto los Préstamos sin \nsubsidio del Direct Loan Program , Préstamos PLUS del Direct \nLoan Program y Becas TEACH ; ver páginas 8 – 12 para obtener \nmás información sobre estos programas). El EFC es el número que se utiliza para saber si reúne los requisitos para la ayuda federal para estudiantes.Estudiantes con discapacidades intelectuales\nLos alumnos con discapacidad intelectual pueden \nrecibir ayuda federal para estudiantes conforme al \nPrograma Federal de Becas Pell, al Programa Federal \nde Becas Complementarias para la Oportunidad Educativa y al Programa Federal de Estudio y Trabajo. \nPara poder recibir la ayuda, debe estar matriculado \noaceptado para inscribirse en un programa integral de transición para estudios postsecundarios destinado \na estudiantes con discapacidad intelectual en una \ninstitución de educación superior.Para obtener más información sobre un programa de \ntransición completa y postsecundaria para estudiantes \ncon discapacidades intelectuales, consulte en la oficina de ayuda económica de la institución educativa que \ndesea asistir o visite: www.studentaid.ed.gov/eligible. PREPARAR RECIBIR SOLICITAR REEMBOLSAR INFORMACIÓN \nGENERAL\nLa Guía 7\nI.\nRequisitos básicos\nNecesidad económica Excepto por la Beca TEACH y algunos programas de préstamos, debe demostrar que tiene necesidad \neconómica, según nuestros requisitos (ver: \"¿Cuánta ayuda financiera puedo obtener?\" en la página 6).\nEducaciónDebe reunir uno de los siguientes requisitos:\n ` Contar con un diploma de educación secundaria o un Certificado de Formación Educativa \nGeneral (certificado de equivalencia de secundaria; GED, por sus siglas en inglés) .\n ` Haber finalizado los estudios secundarios con algún programa de estudios en el hogar aprobado \npor la legislación del estado.\n ` Si no cuenta con un diploma de educación secundaria o su equivalente, o bien no aprobó un \nexamen ATB, puede reunir los requisitos para recibir la ayuda federal para estudiantes si la \ninstitución a la que planea asistir determina que tiene la capacidad de beneficiarse de la educación \npostsecundaria debido a que finalizó satisfactoriamente seis horas crédito o un curso equivalente \ncon el que obtuvo un título o certificado otorgado por la institución. No recibirá ayuda mientras esté en proceso de obtener las seis horas crédito.\n ` Cumplir con otras normas que su estado haya establecido y que el Departamento de Educación de \nlos EE. UU. haya aprobado.\nCiudadano estadounidense o \nextranjero con derecho a participarDebe ser ciudadano estadounidense o extranjero con derecho a participar.\nNúmero de Seguro SocialDebe tener un número válido de Seguro Social (SSN, por sus siglas en inglés). Si no tiene un SSN, puede \nsaber más sobre cómo solicitar uno en: www.ssa.gov, o llamar al 1-800-772-1213; los usuarios de \nteletipo para personas con problemas auditivos pueden llamar al 1-800-325-0778.\nMatriculaciónDebe estar inscrito o aceptado para la matriculación como estudiante regular para obtener un título o \ncertificado en un programa aprobado.\nServicio SelectivoDebe cumplir con la inscripción en los registros militares del Sistema de Servicio Selectivo. Si usted es \nhombre, entre 18 y 25 años, puede registrarse en línea en www.sss.gov o llamar al 1-847-688-6888; los \nusuarios de teletipo para personas con problemas auditivos pueden llamar al 1-847-688-2567.\nNo se encuentra en condición de incumplimientoCuando solicita ayuda federal para estudiantes, firma una declaración que certifica que usará la \nayuda federal para estudiantes solo con fines educativos. Además certifica que no se encuentra en \nincumplimiento de pago de un préstamo federal para estudiantes y que no adeuda ningún pago de beca federal para estudiantes (lo cual sucedería si, por ejemplo, se da de baja de la institución educativa).\nProgreso académico satisfactorioDebe cumplir con las normas de progreso académico satisfactorio establecidas por la institución postsecundaria a la que está asistiendo o va a asistir.\nCasos de derecho limitado a participarTiene derecho limitado a participar de la ayuda federal para estudiantes mientras se encuentra encarcelado. Si fue condenado por la posesión o venta ilegal de drogas debido a un delito que ocurrió mientras estaba recibiendo la ayuda federal para estudiantes, no reunirá los requisitos de participación \npara recibir la ayuda durante un período que dependerá del tipo y la cantidad de condenas.Cuadro 2. Requisitos básicos La Guía 8\nPrepararse para pagar la universidad\nPREPARAR RECIBIR SOLICITAR REEMBOLSAR INFORMACIÓN \nGENERAL\nCálculo de su necesidad económica\nSu aporte familiar previsto (EFC) se utiliza para \ndeterminar sus necesidad económica:\n Costo de estudiar\n–\n \nAporte familiar previsto \n=\n Necesidad económica\nComprenda su aporte familiar previsto (EFC) \nEl EFC se calcula usando la información que brindó en la FAFSA, \nde acuerdo con una fórmula establecida por ley. Los ingresos y los activos de su familia se consideran para la determinación de su EFC. El tamaño de su grupo familiar y cuántos asistirán a una universidad o instituto profesional también se tendrá en cuenta. Su EFC aparecerá en el Informe de Ayuda Estudiantil (SAR) que \nreciba del Departamento después de presentar su FAFSA. Para determinar su necesidad económica para los programas federales de ayuda para estudiantes (excepto para un préstamo sin subsidio del Direct Loan Program), su institución educativa resta el aporte familiar previsto (EFC) a su costo de estudiar (ver Cálculo de sus necesidad económica, en la página 6).\nPuede obtener la planilla detallada de la fórmula EFC en \nwww.studentaid.ed.gov/publicaciones . Haga clic en el año \nen la fórmula EFC o llame al Centro de Información sobre Ayuda Federal para Estudiantes (FSAIC), al 1-800-4-FED-AID \n(1-800-433-3243 ).\n¿Cómo recibiré el dinero y con cuánta \nfrecuencia?\nSu institución educativa:\n•\t acreditará sus fondos a su cuenta escolar;\n•\t le pagará directamente;\n•\t combinará estos métodos; o\n•\t con su permiso, acreditará los fondos a su cuenta bancaria.\nCircunstancias familiares excepcionales\nLa formula EFC es básicamente la misma para todos los solicitantes; \nsin embargo, si su familia atraviesa circunstancias excepcionales, su administrador de ayuda económica (FAA, por sus siglas en \ninglés) puede usar su poder discrecional para modificar el costo de \nestudiar o la información utilizada para calcular su EFC.Tipos de ayuda federal para \nestudiantes\nExisten tres tipos de ayuda federal para \nestudiantes.\n•\t Becas: ayuda económica que no tiene que reembolsarse \n(a menos que, por ejemplo, deje la institución educativa y \nadeude algún reintegro).\n•\t Programa de Estudio y Trabajo: trabajo que le ayuda a \nconseguir dinero para su educación.\n•\t Préstamos: pide prestado dinero para su educación; debe \nreembolsar sus préstamos con interés.\nBecas\nExisten cuatro tipos de becas federales de \nayuda para estudiantes.\nCasi todas las becas federales son otorgadas a estudiantes con \nnecesidades económicas. El monto de su beca depende de su costo de estudiar, EFC, situación de la matrícula (tiempo completo o parcial) y su período de matrícula (si asiste todo el año académico \no menos tiempo). Para los montos de adjudicación, vaya a la página 2 o visite: www.studentaid.ed.gov/financiar .\n•\t\n Beca Federal Pell: Las Becas Pell son la base de la ayuda \neconómica federal para estudiantes, a la cual deberían agregarse otras fuentes federales y no federales. Las Becas Pell generalmente sólo se otorgan a estudiantes de pregrado: aquellos que no han obtenido un título universitario. Para obtener más información, visite: www.studentaid.ed.gov/financiar.\n•\t\n Beca Federal Complementaria para la Oportunidad Educativa (FSEOG): Las FSEOG se otorgan a estudiantes de pregrado con necesidades económicas excepcionales; aquellas personas con EFC más bajos. No todas las instituciones educativas participan en el Programa FSEOG, y aquellas que sí, tienen fondos disponibles limitados.\n•\t\n Beca de Estudios Superiores para el Fomento de la Docencia (Beca TEACH): El programa le ofrece becas si cumple ciertas obligaciones de enseñanza. Si no completa esas obligaciones, los montos de las Becas TEACH que recibió se convertirán en un préstamo sin subsidio del Direct Loan Program. Para obtener información detallada sobre esta beca, visite: www.teachgrant.ed.gov.\n•\t\n Beca por servicios prestados en Irak y Afganistán: Si no reúne los requisitos para una Beca Pell pero su padre o tutor formó parte de las Fuerzas Armadas de los EE. UU. y PREPARAR RECIBIR SOLICITAR REEMBOLSAR INFORMACIÓN \nGENERAL\nLa Guía 9\nI.\nmurió como resultado de los servicios prestados en Irak o \nAfganistán después del atentado del 11 de septiembre, puede reunir los requisitos para esta beca. Debe tener menos de 24 años o estar inscripto en la universidad, al menos, a tiempo parcial, al momento de la muerte de su padre o tutor.\n¿Puedo recibir una beca si me estoy \nmatriculado menos de medio tiempo?\nSí, los estudiantes de menos de medio tiempo reúnen los \nrequisitos para las becas por servicios prestados en Irak y \nAfganistán, Pell, FSEOG, TEACH.\nLa información de esta guía fue compilada en el verano \nde 2011. Para ver los cambios en los programas federales de ayuda para estudiantes desde esa fecha, visite: www.studentaid.ed.gov .\nProgramas de Estudio y Trabajo\n¿Qué es el Programa Federal de Estudio y \nTrabajo?\nEn virtud del Programa de Estudio y Trabajo, puede trabajar \na tiempo parcial para obtener dinero para su educación. El Programa de Estudio y Trabajo está administrado por las \ninstituciones educativas que participan en el programa.\nPréstamos\nExisten dos programas de préstamos. El Programa Federal de Préstamos Perkins y el del Direct Loan Program. El Direct Loan Program es el programa más grande de préstamos para estudiantes y tiene cuatro tipos de préstamos disponibles. Ellos son: préstamos con subsidio del Direct Loan Program, préstamos sin subsidio del Direct Loan Program, préstamos PLUS del Direct Loan Program y préstamos de consolidación del Direct Loan Program.\nPrograma Federal de Préstamos Perkins\nEste programa de préstamos basado en la institución educativa:\n•\t está disponible en las instituciones educativas participantes \npara estudiantes de pregrado y posgrado y con título de \nposgrado;\n•\t se ofrece a estudiantes que demuestren necesidad económica;\n•\t está disponible para estudiantes con inscritos a tiempo \ncompleto o parcial.Los reembolsos se realizan directamente a su institución \neducativa.\n¿Cuánto puedo pedir prestado?\nEl cuadro con resumen sobre la ayuda federal para estudiantes en la página 2 muestra los fondos máximos de préstamos Perkins que pueden recibirse, según sea usted estudiante de pregrado, posgrado o con título de posgrado. Para obtener más información, visite: www.studentaid.ed.gov/financiar .\n¿Cómo recibiré mis préstamos?\nSu institución educativa le pagará directamente (generalmente \ncon un cheque) o le acreditará los fondos a su cuenta.\nPrograma federal de préstamos William D. \nFord del Direct Loan Program\nDebe estar matriculado, al menos, como estudiante de medio \ntiempo para poder recibir un préstamo. Los préstamos del Direct \nLoan Program incluyen:\nPréstamos del Direct Loan Program\n•\t Préstamos con subsidio del Direct Loan Program: debe \ntener necesidad económica para recibir un préstamo con subsidio. El Departamento de Educación de los EE. UU. le pagará (subsidiará) el interés que se devengue de su préstamo con subsidio del Direct Loan Program durante ciertos períodos. A partir del 1.° de julio del 2012, los estudiantes graduados y con título de posgrado no pueden acceder a los préstamos sin subsidio.\n•\t\n Préstamos sin subsidio del Direct Loan Program: no es necesario tener necesidad económica para obtener un préstamo sin subsidio. Usted es responsable de pagar los intereses que se devenguen en todos los períodos.\nPréstamos PLUS del Direct Loan Program \n(Préstamos PLUS) \nLos padres de estudiantes dependientes y los estudiantes que desean \nobtener títulos de posgrado pueden obtener un préstamo conforme al programa de préstamos PLUS. La oficina de ayuda económica de la institución educativa puede proporcionarle instrucciones adicionales y detalles sobre cómo solicitar un préstamo PLUS.\nEl solicitante no debe contar con un historial crediticio negativo. \nLa tasa de interés fijada es de 7.9%.\nUn préstamo PLUS realizado al padre no puede ser transferido \nal estudiante. El padre es responsable de reembolsar el préstamo PLUS. Hay una cuota del 4 por ciento del monto del préstamo. La Guía 10\nPrepararse para pagar la universidad\nPREPARAR RECIBIR SOLICITAR REEMBOLSAR INFORMACIÓN \nGENERAL\nPréstamos de consolidación del Direct Loan \nProgram (Préstamos de consolidación) Permite a los \nestudiantes y padres prestatarios combinar varios préstamos educativos federales en un solo préstamo con un pago mensual. (Vea la página 18 para obtener más información sobre estos préstamos).\n¿Cuánto puedo pedir prestado?\nEl cuadro 1 muestra el monto anual que puede pedir prestado. El cuadro 4 muestra los montos máximos para los préstamos con y sin subsidio del Direct Loan Program, que puede pedir prestado por año y en total acumulado. \nPréstamos con subsidio del Direct Loan Program\n•\t Disponible para estudiantes que demuestren necesidad \neconómica.\n•\t Los estudiantes que reúnen los requisitos pueden solicitarlo \npara cubrir parte o la totalidad de sus necesidades, pero no deberían excederlas.\nPréstamos sin subsidio del Direct Loan Program\n•\t No se requiere que los estudiantes demuestren necesidad \neconómica.\nDepende de las necesidades económicas, puede recibir tanto los préstamos con subsidio como los préstamos sin subsidio para el mismo período de matrícula, pero el monto total de estos préstamos no puede exceder el monto máximo anual.\n¿Cómo recibiré mis préstamos?\nPor lo general, su institución educativa desembolsa su préstamo \nen, al menos, dos cuotas. Si es prestatario por primera vez, debe completar el asesoramiento de ingreso antes de recibir su primer desembolso del préstamo.\nEl dinero del préstamo estudiantil debe usarse primero para pagar \nsu matrícula, las cuotas y el alojamiento y comida. Si le quedan fondos de su préstamo, los recibirá en un cheque o en efectivo, a menos que le de permiso por escrito a la institución educativa de mantener los fondos para después en el período de matrícula. \n¿Qué sucede si no deseo el(los) préstamo(s) \nque me ofrecen?\nAntes de que el dinero de su préstamo haya sido desembolsado, \npuede cancelar la totalidad o parte de su préstamo en cualquier momento notificando a su institución educativa. Después de que su préstamo haya sido desembolsado, puede cancelar la totalidad o parte del préstamo dentro de ciertos marcos cronológicos consignados. Su pagaré y la información adicional que reciba \nde su institución educativa le explicará los procedimientos y los plazos para la cancelación de su préstamo.¿Cuál es la tasa de interés de estos \npréstamos?\nLas tasas de interés fijas para los préstamos que se desembolsen \npor primera vez a partir del del 1.° de julio de 2012, inclusive, aparecerán en el cuadro 3, a continuación.\nPara obtener más información sobre tasas de interés, visite: \nwww.studentaid.ed.gov/interes .\nCuadro 3. Tasas de interés para préstamos Perkins \ny del Direct Loan Program\nTipo de préstamo Tasa de interés\nPréstamo con subsidio del Direct Loan Program 6.8%\nPréstamo sin subsidio del Direct Loan Program 6.8%\nPréstamo PLUS del Direct Loan Program 7.9%\nPréstamo Federal Perkins 5%\n¿Quién paga el interés de mis préstamos?\nPréstamo con subsidio del Direct Loan Program En el caso \nde un préstamo con subsidio, el Departamento de Educación de los EE. UU. paga los intereses:\n ` mientras se encuentra en la escuela, al menos, en medio \ntiempo; o\n ` durante un período de aplazamiento de pago (postergación \nde pagos del préstamo).\nUsted paga los intereses durante períodos de suspensión \ntemporal de cobro .\nPréstamo sin subsidio del Direct Loan Program\nUsted es responsable de pagar los intereses de los préstamos sin \nsubsidio durante todos los períodos. Los intereses se acumulan \ndesde que el préstamo es desembolsado hasta que esté pagado por completo. Usted puede:\n•\t\n Pagar los intereses mientras esté en la institución educativa y \ndurante los períodos de aplazamiento de pago o suspensión \ntemporal de cobro.\n•\t Permitir que los intereses se devenguen (acumulen) y \nagregarlos al capital principal de su préstamo. Esto se llama \"capitalización\". Incrementará el monto total que usted deberá reembolsar porque se le cobrarán los intereses en un monto principal mayor. \n•\t\n Préstamo PLUS del Direct Loan Program \nUsted es responsable de pagar los intereses durante todos los períodos. PREPARAR RECIBIR SOLICITAR REEMBOLSAR INFORMACIÓN \nGENERAL\nLa Guía 11\nI.\nSin devengación de intereses para \nprestatarios en el servicio militar\nNo se devengan intereses (durante un período de hasta 60 meses) \nen los préstamos del Direct Loan Program desembolsados por primera vez a partir del 1.° de octubre de 2008, inclusive, para los prestatarios con derecho a participar y que estén en el servicio militar mientras estén en servicio activo o realizando la Guardia Nacional durante una guerra u otras operaciones militares u otra emergencia y estén prestando servicios en una zona de hostilidades que requieran un pago especial. Además, puede reunir los requisitos para el aplazamiento de pago de sus préstamos mientras esté en servicio activo en el servicio militar (ver página 17).\nOtras fuentes de información\nA continuación, presentamos otras fuentes de información sobre ayuda económica. \n•\t\n Oficina de ayuda económica de la institución educativa: \nHable con el personal de ayuda económica de cada \ninstitución educativa en la que esté interesado para conocer los programas de ayuda económica de la institución educativa y el costo total para asistir a esa institución. \n•\t\n Organismo estatal de educación superior: Su organismo estatal puede brindarle información importante sobre la ayuda estatal. Vea la página: \"Organismo estatal de educación superior\"www.ed.gov/Programs/bastmp/SHEA.htm (la página distingue entre letras mayúsculas y minúsculas) para obtener información de contacto.\n•\t\n AmeriCorps: Este programa ofrece concesiones para \nla educación a tiempo completo a cambio de trabajo comunitario. Para obtener más información, visite: www.americorps.gov o llame al 1-800-942-2677 (Teletipo \npara personas con problemas auditivos: 1-800-833-3722).\n•\t\n Organizaciones laborales o comerciales: Muchas empresas, negocios y sindicatos tienen programas para ayudar a los empleados o miembros y sus familias a pagar el costo de la educación postsecundaria.\n•\t\n Organizaciones, fundaciones, etc.: Fundaciones, organizaciones religiosas, fraternidades o hermandades de mujeres y clubes del pueblo o ciudad a menudo ofrecen \nayuda económica. Incluya en su búsqueda las organizaciones \n c omunitarias y los grupos cívicos. Las organizaciones \nrelacionadas con su campo de interés también pueden ser útiles.\n•\t\n Fuerzas Armadas de los EE. UU.: Las fuerzas armadas ofrecen ayuda económica a los miembros en servicio y sus familiares. Para obtener más información sobre los incentivos de reclutamiento, comuníquese con su reclutador militar local o visite el Departamento de Defensa de los EE. UU. en www.todaysmilitary.com, haga clic en “Beneficios” y luego visite: \"Tuition Support\" (asistencia para pagar la matrícula).\n•\t\n Departamento de Asuntos de Veteranos de los EE. UU.: Si usted es veterano, o cónyuge o dependiente de un veterano, quizás tenga a su disposición beneficios para la educación. Conforme a la ley Post-9/11 Veterans Education Assistance Act of 2008 (Ley de Asistencia a la Educación de Veteranos \nde 2008), muchos veteranos y miembros del servicio militar posterior al 11.° de septiembre reúnen los requisitos para un paquete completo de beneficios para la educación que va más allá de la ayuda para pagar la matrícula. Muchos veteranos que sirvieron después del 11 de septiembre de 2001 obtendrán la matrícula y las cuotas completas, un salario mensual para la vivienda y una asignación de $ 1,000 anual para libros y útiles. La ley también da a los miembros de la Reserva y Guardia Nacional que fueron activados por más de 90 días desde el 11 de septiembre para los mismos beneficios de la ley GI. Información disponible en www.gibill.va.gov o llamando al 1-888-GI-BILL-1 (1-888-442-4551).\n•\t\n Bibliotecas públicas, servicios de becas e Internet: Muchos \nservicios de búsqueda de becas privados brindan fuentes \nde ayuda económica. El Departamento de Educación de los EE. UU. no evalúa esos servicios. Si decide usar un servicio de búsqueda, verifique su reputación comunicándose con la Oficina de Buenas Prácticas Comerciales o la oficina de la fiscalía general de su estado. Sea consciente de las estafas y de los servicios que buscan ayuda económica para usted por honorarios. Jamás debe pagar para obtener esta información. Para obtener más sugerencias sobre cómo buscar ayuda para estudiantes, vaya a: www.studentaid.ed.gov/buscar.\nTambién puede buscar becas en nuestro sitio web, en: \nwww.studentaid.ed.gov/scholarship. La Guía 12\nPrepararse para pagar la universidad\nPREPARAR RECIBIR SOLICITAR REEMBOLSAR INFORMACIÓN \nGENERAL\nNivel de estudio en la \ninstituciónTipo de estudiante\nEstudiante dependiente de \npregrado (excepto aquellos \npadres que no pueden obtener \npréstamos PLUS)Estudiante independiente \nde pregrado (y estudiantes \ndependientes cuyos padres \nno pueden obtener préstamos \nPLUS)Estudiantes de posgrado y con \ntítulo de posgrado\nPrimer año $ 5,500: No más de $ 3,500 de este monto \npuede estar en préstamos con subsidio.$ 9,500: No más de $ 3,500 de este monto puede estar en préstamos con subsidio. $ 20,500: No más de $ 8,500 de este monto puede estar en préstamos con subsidio.\n(A partir del 1.° de julio de 2012, los préstamos \ncon subsidio no estarán disponibles para \nestudiantes de posgrado y con título de \nposgrado).Segundo año $ 6,500: No más de $ 4,500 de este monto \npuede estar en préstamos con subsidio.$ 10,500: No más de $ 4,500 de este monto puede estar en préstamos con subsidio. \nTercer año y posterior \n(cada año en adelante)$ 7,500: No más de $ 5,500 de este monto \npuede estar en préstamos con subsidio.$ 12,500: No más de $ 5,500 de este monto puede estar en préstamos con subsidio. \nDeuda máxima total de \nlos préstamos cuando \nse gradúe (monto \nmáximo acumulado de \npréstamos)$ 31,000: No más de $ 23,000 de este \nmonto puede estar en préstamos con \nsubsidio.$ 57,500: No más de $ 23,000 de este monto \npuede estar en préstamos con subsidio.$ 138,500: No más de $ 65,500 de este monto puede estar en préstamos con subsidio; los \nmontos máximos de deuda de los estudiantes \ngraduados incluyen los préstamos recibidos para \nel estudio de pregrado.Cuadro 4. Montos máximos anuales y acumulados para los préstamos con y sin subsidio del Direct \nLoan Program, por tipo de alumno y cantidad de años en la institución\nNOTA: Los montos que se muestran son los montos máximos que puede pedir prestado por año académico (monto máximo anual) y en total (monto máximo \nacumulado de préstamos). Podría recibir menos del monto máximo si recibe otra ayuda económica que se utiliza para cubrir una parte de su costo de estudiar. El monto \nmáximo que puede pedir prestado también será menor en ciertas situaciones, por ejemplo, si es estudiante de pregrado inscrito en un programa de estudio que es más corto que un año académico. Los estudiantes de posgrado y con título de posgrado inscritos en ciertos programas en el ámbito de la salud pueden recibir montos adicionales sin subsidio del Direct Loan Program además de los antes mencionados.\nSu institución educativa puede rechazar la certificación de su préstamo o puede certificar un préstamo por un monto menor que el que podría recibir de otra manera, \nsiempre y cuando la institución educativa documente la razón de tal decisión y le explique la razón por escrito. La decisión de la institución escolar es definitiva y no se puede apelar ante el Departamento de Educación de los EE. UU.\nPuntos importantes para recordar\n•\t\tLos\testudiantes \t de \t pregrado \t pueden \t solicitar \t préstamos \t del \t Direct \t Loan \t Program. \t Los \t estudiantes \t de \t posgrado \t y \t con \t título \t de \t\nposgrado pueden solicitar préstamos PLUS y del Direct Loan Program. Los padres de estudiantes de pregrado puede solicitar un \npréstamo PLUS para su hijo dependiente.\n•\t\tLos\tpréstamos \t de \t estudiantes \t son \t obligaciones \t legales.\t Es \t un \t dinero \t prestado \t que \t debe \t reembolsarse, \t con \t intereses, \t como \t los \t\npréstamos de automóviles y las hipotecas de viviendas. Por lo tanto, piense en el monto que tendrá que pagar antes de sacar un préstamo.\n•\t\tLos\tpréstamos \t para \t estudiantes \t no \t pueden \t cancelarse \t porque \t no \t obtuvo \t –o \t no \t le \t gustó– \t la \t educación \t que \t pagó \t con \t los \t préstamos, \t\nno consiguió un trabajo en su campo de estudio o está pasando por dificultades económicas. Los préstamos para estudiantes no se declaran fácilmente en quiebra. La Guía 13PREPARAR RECIBIR SOLICITAR REEMBOLSAR INFORMACIÓN \nGENERAL\nCompletar la FAFSASM\nCompletar la Solicitud Gratuita de A yuda Federal para Estudiantes \n(FAFSA) es fácil y gratuito. Visite: FAFSA on the W ebSM en www .fafsa.\ngov para obtener la versión impresa y electrónica de la solicitud.\n¿Qué necesito para completar la FAFSA?\nNecesitará su número de Seguro Social; su número de licencia \nde conducir (si la tuviera), los formularios W-2 del 2011; las declaraciones federales de impuestos sobre los ingresos del \n2011 (o cálculos aproximados); los estados de cuenta bancarios; \nel número de registro de extranjeros (si no fuera ciudadano estadounidense); un PIN de la Oficina de Ayuda Federal para Estudiantes que puede obtenerse antes y durante el proceso de solicitud; y otros registros. Si es estudiante dependiente (ver página 14), necesitará también los datos de sus padres. Para obtener una lista detallada, visite: www.fafsa.gov .\n¿Cuándo debo solicitar la ayuda federal \npara estudiantes?\nPara el año académico de 2012–13, el plazo para completar la \nsolicitud comienza el 1.° de enero de 2012 y termina el 30 de \njunio de 2013. Para determinar si reúne los requisitos para la ayuda \nfederal para estudiantes, debe completar la FAFSA. Puede necesitar completar una solicitud adicional para ser considerado para la ayuda económica de su estado o la institución educativa en la que esté interesado asistir. Comuníquese con la agencia de educación superior y la institución educativa para obtener más información.\nSi envía su solicitud antes de que haya completado su declaración \nde impuestos, tendrá la información estimada impositiva y de ingresos en su solicitud y podrá hacer correcciones luego si su información impositiva o de ingresos estimada no fue precisa.\n¿Cómo la solicito?\nComplete la FAFSA. Las solicitudes impresa y electrónica están disponibles en: www.fafsa.gov . Para el año académico 2012–13, \nel plazo para presentar la solicitud comienza el 1.º de enero de 2012 y termina el 30 de junio de 2013. Es conveniente hacerlo cuanto antes. Para otorgar ayuda no federal, las instituciones \neducativas y los estados a menudo utilizan los datos consignados en la FAFSA. Los plazos fijados vencen generalmente a comienzos del año. Puede encontrar las fechas límite estatales en FAFSA on \nthe Web\nSM. Verifique con las instituciones educativas en las que esté \ninteresado cuáles son sus fechas límite.\nNo se aceptará ninguna FAFSA impresa ni electrónica antes del 1.° de \nenero de 2012 para el año académico 2012–13. T oda FAFSA recibida antes del 1.° de enero de 2012 no será aceptada ni procesada.\n¿Qué hago si necesito ayuda para \ncompletar mi FAFSA?\nEncontrará ayuda disponible y accesible para cada pregunta \nsobre la FAFSA si presenta su solicitud electrónica utilizando FAFSA on the Web. Encuentre más ayuda gratuita:\n•\t\n en línea, en www.studentaid.ed.gov/completarfafsa;\n•\t en el Centro de Información sobre la Ayuda Federal para \nEstudiantes en 1-800-4-FED-AID (1-800-433-3243) por \ncualquier pregunta sobre la FAFSA electrónica o impresa;\n•\t del orientador de su escuela secundaria o la oficina de ayuda \neconómica de su universidad.\nPuede obtener toda la ayuda que necesita en forma GRATUITA \nde una de estas fuentes. NUNCA pague a nadie por obtener ayuda \npara completar la FAFSA electrónica ni impresa.\n¿Cómo firmo mi solicitud en línea?\nUsted utiliza su PIN de la Oficina de Ayuda Federal para \nEstudiantes, un código de acceso electrónico que sirve como su identificador personal y firma. Su PIN de la Oficina de Ayuda Federal para Estudiantes le permite firmar su FAFSA en forma electrónica, completar el proceso de ayuda para estudiantes completamente sin papel y acceder a sus registros en línea de la ayuda federal para estudiantes. Si es un estudiante dependiente, uno de sus padres también puede obtener un PIN para firmar su FAFSA en forma electrónica.PARTE II.\npresentar la solicitud\nde ayuda La Guía 14\nPREPARAR RECIBIR SOLICITAR REEMBOLSAR INFORMACIÓN \nGENERAL\nPresentar la solicitud de ayuda\n¿Cómo y cuándo debo obtener un PIN?\nSe le ofrecerá la opción de obtener uno en tiempo real cuando complete la FAFSA en línea. Además, puede solicitar un PIN por \nadelantado en www.pin.ed.gov .\nNo recuerdo mi PIN.\nPuede solicitar un duplicado de PIN en www. pin.ed.gov . Después de recibir su duplicado de PIN, debería volver al sitio del PIN y usar \nla función \"Change My PIN\" (cambiar mi PIN) para elegir un PIN que podrá recordar.\n¡Proteja su PIN!\n•\t\tSu\tPIN \t se \t utiliza \t para \t firmar \t legalmente \t los \t documentos \t vinculantes \t en \t forma \t electrónica \t y \t acceder \t a \t sus \t registros \t sobre \t la \t ayuda \t\npar\na estudiantes. Tiene el mismo peso legal que una firma por escrito.\n•\t\tNo\n\t\nle\n\t\nde\n\t\nsu\n\t\nPIN\n\t\na\n\t\nnadie,\t\nni\n\t\nsiquiera\n\t\na\n\t\nla\n\t\npersona\n\t\nque\n\t\nlo\n\t\nayude\n\t\na\n\t\nllenar\n\t\nla\n\t\nFAFSA.\t\nCompartir\n\t\nsu\n\t\nPIN\n\t\npuede\n\t\nponerle\n\t\nen\n\t\nriesgo\n\t\nde\n\t\nrobo\n\t\nde\n\t\nla identidad.\n•\t\tCambie\n\t\nsu\n\t\nPIN\n\t\na\n\t\nuno\n\t\nque\n\t\nsea\n\t\nfácil\n\t\nde\n\t\nrecordar\n\t\nsi\n\t\npiensa\n\t\nque\n\t\npodría\n\t\nolvidarse\n\t\nel\n\t\nque\n\t\nle\n\t\nenviamos\n\t\no\n\t\nsi\n\t\npiensa\n\t\nque\n\t\nalguien\n\t\npodría\n\t\nsaber\n\t\ncuál es su PIN\n.\nCuadro 5. Situación de dependencia\nResponda a las preguntas para saber si es estudiante dependiente o independiente\n¿Nació antes del 1.º de enero de 1989? Sí No\n¿Está casado? (Responda “Sí” si está separado, pero no divorciado). Sí No\nA comienzos del ciclo académico 2012–13, ¿estará cursando una maestría o doctorado (por ejemplo, maestría en \nartes, maestría en administración de empresas, doctorado en medicina, doctorado en derecho, doctorado en filosofía, \ndoctorado en educación, certificado de posgrado, etc.)?Sí No\n¿Presta servicio militar activo en la actualidad en las Fuerzas Armadas de los EE. UU. para otros fines que no sean el \nentrenamiento? Si es recluta activo de la Guardia Nacional o la Reserva, ¿presta servicio militar activo para fines ajenos \nal entrenamiento o al desempeño de funciones en el estado?Sí No\n¿Es veterano de las Fuerzas Armadas de los EE. UU.? Sí No\n¿Tiene hijos a los que brindará más de la mitad del sustento entre el 1.º de julio de 2012 y el 30 de junio de 2013? Sí No\n¿Tiene personas a su cargo (además de sus hijos o su cónyuge) que residan con usted y a las que proporcione más de la \nmitad del sustento ahora y hasta el 30 de junio de 2013?Sí No\n¿En algún momento desde que cumplió 13 años, sus padres fallecieron, estuvo bajo tutela de acogida, era dependiente o estuvo bajo la tutela de los Tribunales? Sí No\n¿Algún tribunal del estado donde tiene su residencia legal ha dictaminado que es menor de edad emancipado o que \ntiene un tutor legal?Sí No\n¿En algún momento hasta el 1.º de julio de 2011 o con posterioridad a dicha fecha, (a) la escuela secundaria o la \npersona de enlace para estudiantes sin hogar del distrito escolar o (b) el director de un programa de refugios de \nemergencia o de viviendas de transición financiado por el Departamento de Vivienda y Desarrollo Urbano de los EE. UU. determinaron que era un menor no acompañado sin hogar?Sí No\n¿En algún momento hasta el 1.º de julio de 2011 o con posterioridad a dicha fecha, el director de un programa de \nviviendas de transición o de un centro básico de acogida para menores sin hogar o que huyen de casa determinó que era \nun menor no acompañado sin hogar o que se mantenía con recursos propios y estaba en riesgo de quedarse sin hogar? Sí No\nSi respondió \"No\" a todas estas preguntas, es un estudiante dependiente. Para obtener más información, visite: www.fafsa.gov. La Guía 15\nPREPARAR RECIBIR SOLICITAR REEMBOLSAR INFORMACIÓN \nGENERALII.\nNo vivir con los padres o que no lo declaren en los \nformularios impositivos no determina su estado de dependencia.\n¿Qué sucede si se me considera un alumno \ndependiente pero no tengo contacto con \nmis padres ni acceso a su información?\nEn virtud de la ley federal, usted y su familia son los principales \nresponsables de pagar sus gastos universitarios. Para determinar cuánto puede pagar su familia para sus gastos universitarios, el Departamento debe recopilar su información financiera y, si es un estudiante dependiente, la información financiera de sus padres.\nCircunstancias excepcionales\nEn circunstancias muy limitadas, un estudiante dependiente puede presentar la FAFSA sin información de los padres. Para obtener más información, visite: www.fafsa.gov .\n¿Qué sucede si soy un alumno dependiente \npero mis padres están divorciados o \nseparados?\nDebería presentar información sobre el padre o la madre con \nquien vivió por más tiempo en los 12 meses anteriores a la fecha en que presenta su FAFSA.\n¿Debo declarar la información de mis \npadrastros?\nLa información financiera de su padrastro o madrastra es \nnecesaria en la FAFSA si la madre o el padre con quien vivió más tiempo se volvió a casar.\nEso no significa que su padrastro o madrastra esté obligado(a) a \nbrindarle ayuda económica, pero sus ingresos y activos son partes importantes de la situación económica de su familia. Incluir esta información en la FAFSA nos ayuda a formar una idea exacta de la capacidad económica total de su familia.\n¿Necesito completar una FAFSA por cada \naño que solicite la ayuda?\nSí. Todos los años debe volver a enviar la solicitud para la ayuda \nfederal para estudiantes. Si cambia de institución educativa, su \nayuda no se transfiere automáticamente con usted. Verifique en su nueva institución financiera para saber qué debe hacer para continuar recibiendo ayuda económica.¿Qué sucede después de que \npresento mi FAFSA electrónica?\nRecibirá su Informe de Ayuda Estudiantil (SAR), \nque son los resultados de la FAFSA procesada.\nCuando complete y presente su solicitud en línea, asegúrese de \nimprimir la página del resumen de sus datos en FAFSA on the \nWeb e imprima su página de confirmación. Una vez que su FAFSA \nsea procesada, recibirá el Informe de Ayuda Estudiantil (SAR) \nelectrónico o impreso. El SAR resume toda la información que brindó en su FAFSA y, generalmente, tendrá su aporte familiar previsto (EFC), el número empleado para determinar su si reúne los requisitos para la ayuda federal para estudiantes. Su EFC aparecerá en la parte superior derecha del SAR. Quizás no reciba el EFC si el Departamento necesita más información suya para procesar sus datos. Esto significa que su solicitud está incompleta y que debe hacer correcciones (ver a continuación).\nLa entrega de su SAR depende de si suministra una dirección de \ncorreo electrónico cuando solicita la ayuda:\n•\t\n Recibirá su SAR por correo electrónico entre los tres y \ncinco días posteriores a que su FAFSA se haya procesado si \nsuministró una dirección de correo electrónico cuando envió la solicitud. Este correo electrónico tendrá un enlace seguro para que pueda acceder a su SAR en línea. \n•\t\n Recibirá un SAR impreso por correo dentro de los siete a \ndiez días posteriores a que su FAFSA se haya procesado si no proporcionó una dirección de correo electrónica cuando envió la solicitud. Ya sea que presenta su solicitud de forma electrónica o impresa, nosotros automáticamente le enviamos sus datos en forma electrónica a las instituciones educativas que detalló en su FAFSA.\nSu clave de autorización (DRN, por sus siglas en inglés) también \nestará en el SAR y, si solicitó un PIN durante el proceso de firma de \nFAFSA on the Web , recibirá información sobre el estado de su PIN.\n¿Qué hago con mi SAR?\nRevíselo con atención para asegurarse de que esté correcto \ny completo.\nLa(s) institución(es) educativa(s) que seleccionó para recibir \nsu SAR usará(n) esta información para determinar si reúne los requisitos para la ayuda económica federal, y posiblemente no federal. Si la institución educativa a la que desea asistir no está enumerada en su SAR, debe agregarla a su SAR para que la institución pueda recibir sus datos. La Guía 16\nPREPARAR RECIBIR SOLICITAR REEMBOLSAR INFORMACIÓN \nGENERAL\nPresentar la solicitud de ayuda\nRealizar correcciones a mi información\n•\t Puede hacerlo en forma electrónica con su PIN si visita: \nwww.fafsa.gov y selecciona: “Empezar aquí\".\n•\t Su institución educativa debería poder hacerlo en forma \nelectrónica (verifique con su institución).\n•\t O, si recibió un SAR en papel, haga las correcciones necesarias \nen ese SAR y envíelo por correo a la dirección del formulario \npara procesarlas.\nPuede hacer algunos cambios en su FAFSA llamando al Centro \nde Información sobre la Ayuda Federal para Estudiantes, al 1-800-4-FED-AID (1-800-433-3243 ). Debe tener la DRN a mano. \nLa DRN se encuentra en su SAR y en la página de confirmación de su FAFSA on the Web .\nAquí le presentamos lo que puede cambiar en forma telefónica:\n•\tsu dirección de correo postal o correo electrónico;\n•\t\n los nombres de las instituciones educativas que desee que \nreciban información de su FAFSA; y\n•\t su respuesta a las pregunta sobre alguna condena por drogas.\nPara todos los otros cambios, debe corregirlos en su FAFSA, al \nusar una de las otras opciones mencionadas anteriormente.\n¿Cuándo recibiré mi ayuda?\nSi reúne los requisitos para la ayuda federal para estudiantes, las instituciones educativas que enumeró en su FAFSA (que también ofrecieron su admisión) le enviarán una carta de concesión antes \nde que comience las clases. La carta de concesión enumera los tipos y los montos de ayuda económica que puede recibir de las fuentes federales, estatales e institucionales. Revise la carta de concesión y decida cual opción de ayuda aceptar.\n¿Cuánto recibiré?\nLa carta de concesión muestra su paquete de ayuda económica \ncompleto, el cual puede incluir una combinación de distintos tipos de ayuda. Una vez que decida cuál opción en la carta de concesión aceptar, fírmela y envíela a la institución educativa para procesarla. Según la institución, este proceso se realiza de forma impresa o electrónica. La institución luego depositará los fondos a su cuenta estudiantil o le enviará un cheque (conozca más sobre el tema en la oficina de ayuda económica). No recibirá ni cheques ni depósitos directamente del Departamento de Educación de los EE. UU; todos los fondos serán entregados a través de su institución educativa. Para obtener más información, visite:www.studentaid.ed.gov/financiar . RECIBIR\nLa Guía 17PREPARAR SOLICITAR REEMBOLSAR INFORMACIÓN \nGENERAL\nReembolso del préstamo\nEsta sección le brinda información básica sobre el reembolso de \npréstamos.Puede encontrar más información en línea, en www.studentaid.ed.gov/pagar , o en la publicación: Préstamos \nfederales para estudiantes: Conozca los conceptos básicos y administre su deuda (ver interior de la contratapa).\n¿Cuándo comienzo a reembolsar mis \npréstamos estudiantiles?\nDespués de que se gradúe, deje la institución educativa o baje al \nestado de medio tiempo, hay cierto tiempo llamado \"período de gracia\" que le permite acomodarse financieramente y seleccionar su plan de reembolso. Después del período de gracia, debe comenzar con los pagos de su(s) préstamo(s). \n•\t\n Su período de gracia será de seis meses para los préstamos \ndel Direct Loan Program y nueve meses para los préstamos \nPerkins.\n•\t Si fue convocado para el servicio militar activo por más de \n30 días, el período de gracia será retrasado.\n•\t Los préstamos PLUS del Direct Loan Program no tienen \nperíodos de gracia, pero los prestatarios pueden deferir el pago por seis meses. Viste: www.studentaid.ed.gov/pagar para obtener más información. El período de pago comienza cuando el préstamos se haya desembolsado por completo, y el primer pago vence 60 días después del desembolso final. \n¿Cuánto tiempo tengo para reembolsar \nmis préstamos estudiantiles?\nSegún el tipo de préstamos que tenga y el plan de pago que elija, \npuede tener entre 10 y 30 años para pagar sus préstamos. Vea a continuación o visite: www.studentaid.ed.gov/pagar .¿Cuánto tengo que pagar por mes?\nSu monto de pago mensual dependerá del tipo de préstamo que tenga, el tamaño de su deuda, su período de pago y el plan de pago que elija.\n¿Qué planes de pago están disponibles?\nPuede elegir entre varios planes de pago. Si no elije un plan de pago cuando comience su primer pago, se lo colocará en el plan de pago básico (con pagos fijos de hasta 10 años).\nEncuentre más detalles y ejemplos de los montos de pago \nen www.studentaid.ed.gov/pagar (también cuenta con \ncalculadoras interactivas).\n¿Qué sucede si tengo problemas para \npagar mis préstamos?\nPuede cambiar de plan de pago para adaptarse a sus \ncircunstancias financieras. \n¿Cómo puedo llevar un control de cuánto \ndinero estoy pidiendo prestado y los tipos \nde ayuda que tengo?\nCon su PIN, acceda al Sistema nacional de registro de \npréstamos educativos National Student Loan Data System \n(NSLDS) en www.nslds.ed.gov para ver detalles sobre su(s) \npréstamo(s).\nAplazamiento del pago del \npréstamo\nEn ciertas circunstancias, puede recibir períodos de \naplazamiento de pago o suspensión temporal de cobro que le \npermiten posponer el reembolso del préstamo. Estos períodos no se tienen en cuenta cuando se considera el período que tiene PARTE III.\nreembolso de su préstamo RECIBIR\nLa Guía 18\nReembolso de su préstamoPREPARAR SOLICITAR REEMBOLSAR INFORMACIÓN \nGENERAL\npara reembolsar su préstamo. No puede obtener un aplazamiento \nde pago ni suspensión temporal de cobro para un préstamo si se encuentra en incumplimiento de pago .\nSolicitar un aplazamiento de pago o \nsuspensión temporal de cobro\nLa obtención del aplazamiento de pago o la suspensión temporal \nde cobro no es un proceso automático. Debe solicitarlos. Para los préstamos Perkins, comuníquese con su institución educativa. Para todos los otros préstamos, comuníquese con la entidad administradora de su préstamo. Si no está seguro de quién es su entidad administradora, puede ir a NSLDS en www.nslds.ed.gov \ny usar su PIN para acceder a toda su información sobre préstamos federales para estudiantes, incluso la información de contacto de su entidad administradora del préstamo.\nPara saber sobre los tipos de opciones de aplazamiento de pago y \nsuspensión temporal de cobro, visite:www.studentaid.ed.gov/pagar.\nConsolidación de sus préstamos\n¿Qué significa consolidación de préstamos?\nLos prestatarios pueden combinar uno o más préstamos federales para estudiantes con varias fechas de pago en un préstamo de consolidación del Direct Loan Program.\n Debido a que puede perder beneficios de prestatario si consolida, \ndebe revisar con atención sus opciones de consolidación antes de \nsolicitarla. Hable con la entidad administradora de su préstamo para obtener más información antes de consolidar o visite: \nwww.studentaid.ed.gov/pagar .\n¿Cuándo puedo consolidar mis préstamos?\nPuede consolidar durante su período de gracia, una vez que haya ingresado el reembolso y durante los períodos de aplazamiento de pago o suspensión temporal de cobro.Cancelación del préstamo\n¿Es posible cancelar mi préstamo federal \npara estudiantes?\nEn ciertas circunstancias, puede cancelar la totalidad o \nparte de su préstamo. Para obtener más información, visite: www.studentaid.ed.gov/condonacion o consulte: Préstamos \nfederales para estudiantes: Conozca los conceptos básicos y administre su deuda (ver interior de la contratapa).\nDebe continuar haciendo pagos de su préstamo estudiantil \nhasta que haya sido notificado de que le han otorgado \nsu solicitud de aplazamiento de pago. Si no lo hace, y su aplazamiento de pago no está aprobado, cometerá un delito y puede incurrir en incumplimiento de pago en su préstamo. La Guía 19\nAcuerdo de prestación de servicio (Agreement to Serve o ATS, \npor sus siglas en inglés) Una obligación contractual por la cual \nun estudiante que recibe una Beca TEACH se compromete a enseñar \na tiempo completo en un área de alta necesidad en una institución educativa de bajos recursos o agencia de servicios educativos que \npreste servicios a instituciones educativas de bajos recursos y dentro de \nlas áreas de alta necesidad por determinado tiempo. \nAdministrador de ayuda económica (Financial Aid \nAdministrator o FAA, por sus siglas en inglés) Es una persona \nque trabaja en una universidad o en un instituto profesional y es responsable de preparar y comunicar la información con respecto a \npréstamos estudiantiles, subsidios, o becas de estudio y programas de \ntrabajo. El administrador de ayuda económica y su personal ayuda a que los estudiantes soliciten y reciben ayuda estudiantil. También es \ncapaz de analizar las necesidades del estudiantes y realizar cambios a \npoder discrecional en caso de que sea necesario.\nAgencia de servicios educativos Una agencia que presta varios \nservicios públicos regionales (no es una organización privada) y está \nautorizada por la ley estatal a desarrollar, manejar y brindar servicios o programas para los organismos educativos locales, como los distritos \nescolares públicos.\nAño académico Es la medida del trabajo académico que el estudiante \ndebe completar cada año según lo defina la institución educativa y que \nreúne los requisitos mínimos que estipula la ley. Los años académicos \nvarían de institución en institución e, incluso, entre programas educativos dentro de una misma institución.\nAplazamiento de pago Un período durante el cual no se requiere \nningún pago. Para calificar para un aplazamiento de pago, debe reunir requisitos específicos. Según tipo de préstamo que tenga, los intereses \npueden devengarse y capitalizarse durante este período.\nAporte familiar previsto (Expected Family Contribution o \nEFC, por sus siglas en inglés) Es el índice que se utiliza para saber \nsi reúne los requisitos para la ayuda federal para estudiantes. Este \nnúmero surgirá de la información financiera que usted suministró en su solicitud de FAFSASM. Se informa su aporte familiar previsto en su \nInforme de Ayuda Estudiantil (SAR).Capital principal Es el monto de dinero prestado. Los intereses se \nagregan a este monto.\nCapitalización Es la suma de intereses no pagados al saldo de capital \nde un préstamo. Incrementa el monto de capital principal pendiente \ndel préstamo. Los intereses luego se suman a ese saldo principal mayor, \nlo que aumenta el costo general del préstamo para el prestatario.\nCarta de concesión Proveniente de una institución educativa, es \nuna carta que estipula el tipo y monto de ayuda económica que la \ninstitución está dispuesta a brindar si acepta la admisión y se inscribe \npara tomar clases en esa institución. \nCertificado de Formación Educativa General (General \nEducational Development o GED, por sus siglas en inglés) \nLos estudiantes que hayan aprobado un examen específico y aprobado de equivalencia de escuela secundaria reciben este certificado. Una \nescuela que admite estudiantes sin diploma de escuela secundaria debe \ncontar con un programa GED en las cercanías y debe informar a los estudiantes sobre el programa.\nClave de autorización (Data Release Number o DRN, por sus \nsiglas en inglés) Un número de cuatro dígitos asignado a su solicitud por medio de la Oficina de Ayuda Federal para Estudiantes. Aparecerá \nen la primera página de su Informe de Ayuda Estudiantil (SAR) \nimpreso o electrónico y también la página de confirmación cuando complete la FAFSA electrónica. Necesitará la DRN si se comunica \ncon el Centro de Información sobre Ayuda Federal para Estudiantes \npara hacer correcciones a su dirección de correo o las instituciones educativas que enumeró en su FAFSA. La DRN también le permite \ndivulgar sus datos FAFSA a las instituciones educativas que no \nenumeró en su FAFSA original.\nCosto de estudiar (Cost of Attendance o COA, por sus siglas en \ninglés) El monto total que le costará asistir a la institución educativa, \ngeneralmente, expresado como una cifra anual. El COA incluye la matrícula \ny las cuotas; el hospedaje y la comida en campus (o una asignación para \nvivienda y comida para estudiantes fuera del campus); y asignaciones para \nlibros, suministros, transporte, cuotas del préstamo y, si correspondiera, cuidado de personas a cargo. Además, incluye gastos personales y varios, \ncomo una asignación para alquilar o comprar una computadora personal. \nLos gastos relacionados con una discapacidad también están cubiertos. Glosario\nUna versión detallada de este glosario está disponible en www.studentaid.ed.gov/glosario. La Guía 20\nGlosario\nDirect Loan ProgramSM El programa federal de préstamos \neducativos William D. Ford Federal Direct Loan Program. Los \npréstamos realizados a través de este programa se conocen como \npréstamos del Direct Loan Program. Los préstamos del Direct Loan Program incluyen los préstamos con y sin subsidio, préstamos PLUS \ndel Direct Loan Program, préstamos de consolidación del Direct Loan \nProgram.\nEstudiante regular Este término se refiere a un estudiante que está \nmatriculado o fue aceptado para matricularse en una institución con \nel fin de obtener un título, certificado u otra credencial educativa reconocida ofrecida por esa institución. \nExtranjero con derecho a participar Un residente nacional de los \nEE. UU. (incluye nativos de Samoa Estadounidense o Isla de Swain) o residente permanente de los EE. UU. que tiene una I-151, I-551, o \nI-551C (tarjeta de residencia permanente). Si no entra en ninguna de las \ncategorías anteriores, debe tener una constancia del registro de llegada o salida (formulario I-94), que demuestre una designación específica.\nIncumplimiento de pago Se refiere a la falta de pago de un préstamo \nsegún los plazos acordados cuando firmó un pagaré. Las consecuencias del incumplimiento de pago son graves. Su institución educativa, \nel prestamista o la agencia que maneja su préstamo, el estado y el \ngobierno federal pueden tomar acciones para recuperar el dinero, incluso notificar a las agencias nacionales de informes crediticios sobre \nsu incumplimiento. Además, el Servicio de Impuestos Internos puede \nretener sus reembolsos de los impuestos a los ingresos individuales de los EE. UU. y aplicarlo al monto que debe, o bien, la agencia que maneja \nsu préstamo puede solicitar a su empleador la deducción del pago de su \nsueldo. \nInforme de Ayuda Estudiantil (Student Aid Report o SAR, por \nsus siglas en inglés) Los resultados de su FAFSA se envían en un \ninforme por correo electrónico a los pocos días de procesar su FAFSA, o por correo en unas semanas, según cómo completó originalmente su \nsolicitud (electrónica o impresa, respectivamente).\nInscripción en los registros militares del Sistema de Servicio \nSelectivo Hombres nacidos a partir del 1.° de enero de 1960, inclusive, \nque sean por lo menos mayores de 18 años, y que actualmente no \npresten servicio activo en las fuerzas armadas de los EE. UU., deben registrarse o acordar para inscribirse en los registros militares del \nSistema de Servicio Selectivo antes de cumplir los 26 años para recibir \nayuda federal para estudiantes.\nMedio tiempo Este término se refiere a un estudiante inscrito que está \nrealizando una carga horaria académica de medio tiempo, según sea \ndeterminado por la institución.National Student Loan Data System\nSM (NSLDSSM) El sistema \nnacional de registro de préstamos educativos National Student Loan \nData System es la base de datos del Departamento de Educación de \nlos EE. UU. para la ayuda económica federal para estudiantes, donde puede encontrar información sobre la ayuda que recibió. El NSLDS \nrecibe datos de las instituciones educativas, las agencias de garantía y \nlos programas del Departamento de Educación de los EE. UU. Por lo general, su sitio web está disponible las 24 horas del día, los siete días de \nla semana. Con su PIN, puede obtener información sobre los montos de \nlos préstamos federales y Becas Pell, los saldos pendientes, el estado de sus préstamos y los desembolsos realizados. Puede acceder al NSLDS en \nwww.nslds.ed.gov.\nPagaré El documento que debe firmarse antes de que reciba un \npréstamo para estudiantes es un pagaré, que es un acuerdo legalmente \nvinculante para pagar el préstamo. Enumera los plazos y las condiciones \ncon las cuales acuerda pagar el préstamo y explica sus derechos y responsabilidades como prestatario.\nPaquete de ayuda económica El monto total de ayuda económica \n(tanto federal como no federal) que la escuela ofrece a un estudiante. La oficina de ayuda económica en una institución postsecundaria combina \nvarias formas de ayuda en un “paquete” para ayudar a satisfacer los \ncostos educativos de un estudiante. El monto de ayuda federal para estudiantes en un paquete dependerá de las otras fuentes de ayuda \nrecibidas (becas, ayuda estatal, etc.).\nPrograma aprobado Un programa de instrucción o estudio \norganizado que apunta a un título o certificado académico, profesional o \ntécnico, u otra credencial educativa reconocida.\nPrograma FFEL \nSM Program El programa federal de préstamos \neducativos Federal Family Education Loan ProgramSM. En virtud de \nla Ley de Conciliación de Salud y Educación de 2010, a partir del 1.º \nde julio de 2010, ya no son prestamistas privados quienes otorgan los préstamos federales para estudiantes bajo el FFEL Program. En lugar de \nello, todos los nuevos préstamos federales para estudiantes provienen \ndirectamente del Departamento de Educación de los EE. UU. en virtud del sistema Direct Loan Program.\nProgreso académico satisfactorio Son los estándares de progreso \nacadémico satisfactorio de la institución educativa para obtener un título o certificado ofrecido por esa institución. Verifique con su \ninstitución educativa cuáles son sus estándares.\nSuspensión temporal de cobro Si por el momento no puede \nhacer sus pagos mensuales de préstamo (por ejemplo, debido a una \nenfermedad o dificultad económica) pero no reúne los requisitos para \nun aplazamiento de pago, podrían otorgarle una suspensión temporal de cobro durante un período limitado y específico. Otras publicaciones de la Oficina de Ayuda Federal para Estudiantes\nwww.studentaid.ed.gov/publicaciones\nLista de preparación para los estudios \nuniversitarios\nEste folleto de apoyo para estudiantes (niveles primario, intermedio, de \nsecundaria y adultos) que consideran ingresar a la universidad explica cómo prepararse académica y económicamente para la universidad \na través de las listas de \"qué hacer\" dirigidas a estudiantes y padres. \nTambién se incluye información con palabras simples sobre la ayuda federal, el proceso de solicitud y cómo encontrar información sobre becas. Se ofrecen otras publicaciones y sitios web, donde los lectores \npodrán encontrar información más detallada sobre los temas de la lista.\nwww.studentaid.ed.gov/listaprep\nCompletar la FAFSASM\nEl recurso en línea contiene instrucciones detalladas para completar la \nSolicitud Gratuita de Ayuda Federal para Estudiantes (FAFSASM).\nwww.studentaid.ed.gov/completarfafsa\nCómo costear sus estudios superiores: Puntos \ndestacados en audio\nEste recurso para las personas con impedimentos visuales describe \nnuestros programas de ayuda federal para estudiantes. Puede solicitar un CD o escucharlo en línea en\nwww.studentaid.ed.gov/audioAhorre su dinero y proteja su identidad\nEste folleto en línea le brinda información sobre las formas qeu tienen \nlos solicitantes de ayuda económica pueden evitar fraude y robo de identidad.\nwww.studentaid.ed.gov/LSA\nPrograma de condonación de la deuda de un \npréstamo para docentes\nEste folleto describe los requisitos de participación para obtener una \ncondonación de la deuda de un préstamo por trabajar como docente.\nwww.studentaid.ed.gov/condonacion_para_maestros \nPréstamos federales para estudiantes:\nConozca los conceptos básicos y administre su \ndeuda\nEste folleto abarca lo que debería considerar cuando planee pedir dinero \npara pagar por su educación, como, por ejemplo, los tipos de préstamos federales para estudiantes que están disponibles, los montos que se \npueden pedir, consejos para pagar sus préstamos en forma exitosa, la \ndiferencia entre préstamos federales y privados para estudiantes, las consecuencias del incumplimiento de pago y otras sugerencias útiles sobre cómo manejar su deuda.\nwww.studentaid.ed.gov/reembolsar www.studentaid.ed.gov"
} |
[
-0.04085947573184967,
0.10575637966394424,
0.11993054300546646,
-0.04654105380177498,
-0.005254640243947506,
0.004805670585483313,
0.029505377635359764,
-0.028392411768436432,
-0.07970405369997025,
0.0382092222571373,
-0.010928250849246979,
-0.015023810788989067,
-0.04785343259572983,
-0.05592719465494156,
-0.03530688211321831,
0.06174065172672272,
-0.058469317853450775,
0.007143229246139526,
-0.06806273758411407,
0.041684143245220184,
-0.04548852890729904,
0.06576330214738846,
0.045659828931093216,
-0.08062602579593658,
0.0010668584145605564,
0.031805895268917084,
-0.1012973040342331,
0.04233267903327942,
0.011431334540247917,
0.013663639314472675,
0.08620856702327728,
0.023321058601140976,
-0.06402213126420975,
-0.005418169777840376,
0.07765746861696243,
0.03460913896560669,
0.06910836696624756,
-0.03160757198929787,
-0.0579724945127964,
0.010089023038744926,
0.028466762974858284,
-0.02091812901198864,
-0.07750254124403,
-0.0036214280407875776,
-0.12442309409379959,
0.017121663317084312,
0.08164983987808228,
-0.09290291368961334,
-0.02223527617752552,
-0.01851877011358738,
0.05970926210284233,
-0.029213551431894302,
0.04132062941789627,
-0.010954600758850574,
-0.02127930149435997,
0.03287533298134804,
-0.001116541214287281,
-0.02195381000638008,
-0.01933014765381813,
-0.03210337460041046,
0.02185809798538685,
-0.04610329493880272,
-0.14813287556171417,
-0.01746988855302334,
0.040396612137556076,
0.027901656925678253,
-0.05583258345723152,
-0.04637075215578079,
-0.027809109538793564,
-0.06392490863800049,
0.03688585013151169,
0.03614399582147598,
0.0285626370459795,
-0.06074422225356102,
-0.002508473116904497,
-0.016461189836263657,
0.037883032113313675,
0.06175718456506729,
0.1001107320189476,
-0.0997047871351242,
0.07443464547395706,
0.00014115434896666557,
0.05525437742471695,
-0.03631231561303139,
-0.014451317489147186,
0.0004993375623598695,
-0.07730802893638611,
-0.07502066344022751,
0.020949292927980423,
0.008917625993490219,
0.02982989326119423,
-0.04393757879734039,
0.10107669234275818,
-0.01993187889456749,
-0.013968312181532383,
0.02905401773750782,
-0.02411828748881817,
0.04393449053168297,
-0.027481017634272575,
0.07971426099538803,
0.01960211805999279,
0.06222207099199295,
-0.05225476250052452,
-0.11533665657043457,
-0.053582265973091125,
-0.07451181858778,
-0.029081592336297035,
0.05259045958518982,
-0.04506257548928261,
0.04514719545841217,
-0.04243360832333565,
0.028867870569229126,
-0.0030652254354208708,
0.034347958862781525,
0.004250525031238794,
0.08979181945323944,
-0.07651914656162262,
-0.01569247804582119,
0.01800975203514099,
-0.10380960255861282,
-0.022806117311120033,
-0.005190790165215731,
-0.0460985042154789,
0.10568670928478241,
0.03379462659358978,
-0.029195817187428474,
-0.024153150618076324,
3.0195002368098795e-33,
0.009518721140921116,
0.09165167808532715,
-0.00042679463513195515,
-0.04180227592587471,
0.0020706814248114824,
0.01503074448555708,
0.010426461696624756,
-0.09833967685699463,
-0.0639030933380127,
-0.10288204252719879,
0.021536046639084816,
0.05873804911971092,
0.007697093766182661,
0.02102760039269924,
-0.07358957827091217,
-0.028705641627311707,
-0.14822782576084137,
0.0018936935812234879,
0.03868161141872406,
-0.06155604124069214,
0.11421912163496017,
0.05614780634641647,
-0.007140397559851408,
0.01564532145857811,
0.031567808240652084,
-0.10088588297367096,
0.021086042746901512,
0.03784165903925896,
-0.05681877210736275,
0.03322632238268852,
-0.022222444415092468,
0.026415206491947174,
0.11866459995508194,
-0.005079448688775301,
0.01124616526067257,
0.031567130237817764,
0.02330649271607399,
-0.039862215518951416,
-0.053558483719825745,
0.0016896056476980448,
0.04238520935177803,
0.020877264440059662,
0.012414703145623207,
0.056766804307699203,
0.014331080950796604,
-0.0014680861495435238,
0.1053357943892479,
-0.010102695785462856,
-0.011587990447878838,
0.015043042600154877,
-0.0029147909954190254,
0.08363253623247147,
0.028777722269296646,
-0.009232738986611366,
-0.02772114984691143,
-0.04255411773920059,
-0.0031683046836405993,
-0.03528141230344772,
-0.01435430534183979,
-0.054624300450086594,
0.08545200526714325,
0.09153996407985687,
0.01595481112599373,
0.04154800623655319,
-0.05418532341718674,
-0.02418912947177887,
-0.05245433747768402,
0.029095541685819626,
-0.07243818789720535,
0.03515446558594704,
0.004591535776853561,
-0.07122409343719482,
-0.017702437937259674,
-0.06048445776104927,
-0.044710882008075714,
-0.025612352415919304,
-0.016111070290207863,
0.02165726013481617,
-0.028963161632418633,
-0.018752489238977432,
-0.036228734999895096,
-0.07913181930780411,
-0.08332733809947968,
0.011627133004367352,
-0.02923162840306759,
-0.06743109971284866,
0.027709905058145523,
-0.05176703631877899,
0.034833572804927826,
-0.03155844658613205,
0.03223937749862671,
0.01781325414776802,
0.029644092544913292,
-0.044877126812934875,
-0.06219172105193138,
-6.339613684717374e-33,
0.0162765234708786,
0.0025790026411414146,
-0.008010105229914188,
0.007011593319475651,
0.0053664012812078,
0.026431456208229065,
0.006816055625677109,
-0.05278172716498375,
0.024231860414147377,
-0.04685733839869499,
-0.03768734261393547,
0.10852013528347015,
0.029906729236245155,
0.005916187074035406,
-0.06826288998126984,
-0.016703296452760696,
0.03321537375450134,
0.02908416837453842,
0.0025354118552058935,
0.006289095617830753,
0.03482738882303238,
0.06552767753601074,
-0.08592738956212997,
0.08043336868286133,
-0.0021762866526842117,
0.0059468112885952,
0.08392614126205444,
-0.08848143368959427,
0.01919456385076046,
-0.058946527540683746,
-0.02830212377011776,
0.003450092626735568,
-0.022428948432207108,
0.02688092365860939,
0.05105356499552727,
0.0629996806383133,
0.02174563519656658,
-0.07591822743415833,
-0.08273112773895264,
0.05182492733001709,
0.04780995473265648,
-0.0316847525537014,
0.04889584332704544,
0.061514608561992645,
-0.00015096655988600105,
0.03279931843280792,
-0.09911070764064789,
0.015851059928536415,
-0.06190260499715805,
0.05815698206424713,
-0.02540423534810543,
0.09095439314842224,
-0.03976793587207794,
0.05531219765543938,
0.036447253078222275,
0.07338014245033264,
0.0006496522692032158,
0.010440289042890072,
-0.10439493507146835,
0.031899593770504,
-0.02311093360185623,
0.07123088091611862,
-0.042818352580070496,
-0.06822262704372406,
0.054935257881879807,
-0.05934816598892212,
-0.030867477878928185,
-0.033858779817819595,
0.05974637344479561,
0.01064570713788271,
-0.03682030364871025,
-0.042714811861515045,
-0.06378322839736938,
-0.12400881201028824,
0.01680118590593338,
0.08475314825773239,
0.02503235824406147,
0.030595559626817703,
-0.06856109201908112,
0.08390435576438904,
-0.03477931022644043,
-0.00935771968215704,
0.04183002561330795,
-0.0007828964735381305,
0.03649585694074631,
0.005809926427900791,
-0.03727134317159653,
-0.08305293321609497,
0.017497384920716286,
0.08364444226026535,
-0.0035548736341297626,
-0.09408854693174362,
-0.018082501366734505,
0.09659560024738312,
0.034919045865535736,
-6.078534653397583e-8,
0.031217943876981735,
-0.00615799380466342,
-0.091740682721138,
0.01418299600481987,
-0.026267513632774353,
-0.06535667926073074,
0.05207080766558647,
-0.06637246906757355,
-0.08595029264688492,
0.12004821747541428,
0.03693542256951332,
0.037417519837617874,
-0.03359019756317139,
-0.022906843572854996,
0.04646395146846771,
-0.07956389337778091,
-0.005703399423509836,
-0.012091729789972305,
-0.10212837904691696,
0.004619468003511429,
-0.011839057318866253,
0.042169734835624695,
-0.012334126979112625,
0.0679001659154892,
-0.03021237812936306,
-0.00048239799798466265,
0.011729512363672256,
-0.03327412158250809,
0.0023930035531520844,
0.06582652032375336,
-0.03207859769463539,
0.07022537291049957,
-0.08794134110212326,
-0.0369100421667099,
-0.007540090940892696,
-0.05011596158146858,
-0.011531081050634384,
0.05412205681204796,
0.021678529679775238,
0.01708761602640152,
-0.01849508471786976,
0.054869890213012695,
0.004318639170378447,
0.045345984399318695,
0.03823639452457428,
0.0009523052722215652,
0.012241719290614128,
-0.006899509113281965,
0.05439646169543266,
0.0048365518450737,
0.00788661278784275,
0.007874316535890102,
0.008191927336156368,
0.0634865090250969,
0.009384702891111374,
0.03979511186480522,
-0.11929041892290115,
-0.016785144805908203,
-0.0300332922488451,
0.005451292265206575,
0.06606848537921906,
-0.030386820435523987,
-0.02772514894604683,
0.0047451495192945
] | {
"pdf_file": "TD2LH5WWPKTV5W3X3BV3EUBJJ24GCTZ2.pdf",
"text": "Letters: Taxes, Environment, CSUS, etc. [Sacramento Bee]\nStory appeared in EDITORIALS section, Page B6\nDan Lungren, eco-champion\nI am writing to applaud Rep. Dan Lungren, R-Gold River, for his foresight and courage in\nsupporting the restoration of Yosemite National Park's Hetch Hetchy Valley. In his March 30\ncommentary ("It is time to restore Hetch Hetchy Valley"), he demonstrated his\nforesight on this issue by stating "the gift (of a restored Hetch Hetchy Valley) we would\npresent to our children, grandchildren and the world would be priceless."\nAnd he demonstrated his courage by being the first and, so far, only member of the House of\nRepresentatives or Senate (Democrat or Republican) to state publicly his support for Hetch\nHetchy's restoration.\nTwo letters to the editor ("Lungren's right on Hetch Hetchy," April 4, and "The\ngreening of Dan Lungren, April 6) suggested that people should be skeptical of Lungren's\nmotives or chastise him for positions on other environmental issues.\nYears ago, when President Reagan's interior secretary, Don Hodel, supported Hetch Hetchy's\nrestoration, similar statements were made. However, Dave Brower, one of the world's leading\nenvironmentalists and a member of the Sierra Club's board of directors, asked club leaders:\n"Would they rather curse a man for his ... sins than reward him ... for his demonstrated\nvirtue?" \nRegarding Yosemite's Hetch Hetchy Valley, let's reward Lungren for his "demonstrated\nvirtue."\n- Ron Good, Sonora\nExecutive Director, Restore Hetch Hetchy\n \n 1 / 2 Letters: Taxes, Environment, CSUS, etc. [Sacramento Bee]\n \n 2 / 2"
} |
[
-0.11883839964866638,
0.04829868674278259,
-0.0025480559561401606,
-0.011011209338903427,
0.05195074528455734,
0.010291832499206066,
0.1154332384467125,
0.0007007909007370472,
-0.08592535555362701,
-0.07065396010875702,
0.0013317164266481996,
-0.035472381860017776,
0.018434155732393265,
-0.006737178191542625,
0.024402987211942673,
-0.029503243044018745,
-0.058138374239206314,
-0.05043954402208328,
-0.020765526220202446,
0.029036032035946846,
-0.06367600709199905,
0.024029914289712906,
0.0262432973831892,
-0.006037362851202488,
-0.011076544411480427,
-0.0014006864512339234,
-0.018619801849126816,
0.03277004510164261,
0.0028860096354037523,
-0.05694391578435898,
-0.04394163936376572,
0.025414075702428818,
0.08790954202413559,
-0.02499123103916645,
-0.03668315336108208,
0.0062413448467850685,
-0.06646791845560074,
-0.0671444833278656,
0.020564241334795952,
0.04238877445459366,
0.021880215033888817,
-0.04288247600197792,
-0.03437700495123863,
0.06146686151623726,
0.0656372681260109,
-0.0785202905535698,
0.029487011954188347,
0.010798297822475433,
0.06332410126924515,
-0.04508465901017189,
-0.01823394186794758,
-0.027721041813492775,
-0.0036737609189003706,
-0.03659451752901077,
0.054250262677669525,
-0.02085655927658081,
0.015034922398626804,
-0.060095224529504776,
0.016393909230828285,
-0.03323858231306076,
0.01750349812209606,
-0.0005952207720838487,
-0.16348379850387573,
0.08492093533277512,
-0.07583844661712646,
0.0161097701638937,
0.048382941633462906,
-0.007598146330565214,
-0.024985475465655327,
0.05949747934937477,
0.0658901110291481,
-0.03513742983341217,
0.0008843158720992506,
-0.11567969620227814,
0.049390342086553574,
0.03360460326075554,
0.055154237896203995,
0.026383694261312485,
0.053694359958171844,
0.038932498544454575,
0.0004393816343508661,
0.0180604699999094,
-0.09288253635168076,
-0.004073987249284983,
-0.0008234609267674387,
-0.04883106052875519,
-0.006677441764622927,
-0.023541681468486786,
-0.03813307359814644,
0.05245159938931465,
-0.042493823915719986,
-0.055899728089571,
0.08681583404541016,
-0.04896170645952225,
-0.08339672535657883,
-0.0457635223865509,
0.029042238369584084,
0.03465776517987251,
-0.08649188280105591,
0.4062184691429138,
0.03594949096441269,
0.018697189167141914,
0.0979783833026886,
-0.007865204475820065,
0.023714108392596245,
-0.05756505951285362,
-0.06109985336661339,
-0.006620500702410936,
0.007060033269226551,
0.021669859066605568,
-0.024405108764767647,
-0.033514637500047684,
0.00025015627034008503,
0.03170765936374664,
0.04407161846756935,
0.09463243186473846,
-0.035580113530159,
-0.0045343064703047276,
0.043714847415685654,
0.00020504710846580565,
-0.002858717693015933,
-0.024884076789021492,
0.0037606365513056517,
0.014041258953511715,
0.07781578600406647,
-0.1323145031929016,
0.0068764761090278625,
-7.2201250750405e-33,
0.007334581576287746,
0.002726183971390128,
0.012147537432610989,
-0.002440247917547822,
0.027932560071349144,
0.03927065059542656,
0.003743888111785054,
-0.04643532633781433,
-0.014492551796138287,
0.05360198765993118,
0.006590632256120443,
0.03664784133434296,
-0.023135676980018616,
0.03275369852781296,
0.07811082899570465,
0.009627518244087696,
0.007964123040437698,
0.0028742437716573477,
-0.0018807238666340709,
0.004691542126238346,
-0.012402275577187538,
-0.0008041393011808395,
-0.023038707673549652,
0.04297299310564995,
-0.028259985148906708,
-0.06694644689559937,
0.038539037108421326,
-0.07085712999105453,
0.020109260454773903,
0.001460324041545391,
0.0014639950823038816,
0.049912355840206146,
-0.02594558522105217,
0.0008223677286878228,
-0.03757276013493538,
-0.028740663081407547,
0.03337514027953148,
-0.07462829351425171,
-0.035983964800834656,
0.025680823251605034,
-0.050139084458351135,
0.010837196372449398,
-0.04243791848421097,
-0.002668545348569751,
-0.004916265141218901,
0.16647927463054657,
-0.0011541391722857952,
-0.004960660357028246,
-0.06482207775115967,
0.06976216286420822,
-0.0028182310052216053,
-0.02132517658174038,
-0.11613703519105911,
0.04333868995308876,
-0.0033509607892483473,
-0.020106570795178413,
0.016554009169340134,
-0.043971188366413116,
0.020619438961148262,
-0.009089959785342216,
0.009713641367852688,
0.039391469210386276,
-0.012487754225730896,
0.009350251406431198,
-0.08647788316011429,
-0.04851773753762245,
0.02447775937616825,
-0.008494960144162178,
0.023063570261001587,
-0.012638214975595474,
-0.05100997909903526,
0.03675990551710129,
0.03771744668483734,
0.030916057527065277,
-0.028798431158065796,
-0.01926880143582821,
-0.019831717014312744,
0.03583517670631409,
0.08063048869371414,
0.00649732630699873,
0.03545527532696724,
-0.041958946734666824,
0.006693818140774965,
-0.024078864604234695,
0.09502369910478592,
0.054634999483823776,
0.004220988135784864,
-0.05180729925632477,
0.01021517813205719,
-0.041098661720752716,
-0.03574559465050697,
0.06131820008158684,
-0.0030944310128688812,
0.08796171098947525,
0.006000818684697151,
4.4925641867161134e-33,
-0.07716735452413559,
0.01899317093193531,
-0.03573813661932945,
0.0887979194521904,
-0.01755509153008461,
-0.0027626880910247564,
0.037273939698934555,
0.09013677388429642,
-0.09250447154045105,
0.0680299699306488,
0.022390201687812805,
-0.045089662075042725,
0.030878892168402672,
0.044495198875665665,
-0.005799654871225357,
0.03523358702659607,
0.06968843936920166,
-0.004063474480062723,
-0.028155116364359856,
-0.03572935611009598,
-0.030507177114486694,
-0.03237851336598396,
-0.0024998304434120655,
0.034929435700178146,
-0.04148077219724655,
0.030205287039279938,
0.04858911409974098,
0.0632987916469574,
-0.021693143993616104,
0.036800533533096313,
0.03896567225456238,
-0.023581488057971,
-0.05063262954354286,
-0.05820295587182045,
0.04826247692108154,
0.08404397964477539,
0.03678114339709282,
-0.0007768925279378891,
0.024848245084285736,
-0.05051735043525696,
0.039668887853622437,
-0.010082785040140152,
0.002244437113404274,
0.11697717010974884,
-0.021961307153105736,
-0.005805923603475094,
-0.048092879354953766,
0.003788944333791733,
0.035172659903764725,
0.07729728519916534,
-0.09319712221622467,
-0.011992926709353924,
-0.021968109533190727,
0.04129430651664734,
-0.022958293557167053,
0.004160518292337656,
-0.0432187058031559,
0.0702132061123848,
-0.01905948668718338,
0.0004752702370751649,
0.005480603780597448,
0.026761434972286224,
-0.033612821251153946,
0.01346849836409092,
-0.022746674716472626,
0.03873894736170769,
-0.024523282423615456,
-0.03632815554738045,
-0.0017924589337781072,
-0.052569907158613205,
0.006689464673399925,
-0.025846485048532486,
-0.1348353624343872,
0.0011394252069294453,
-0.047169335186481476,
-0.05347497761249542,
-0.018427148461341858,
-0.007304163184016943,
-0.009657083079218864,
-0.037726134061813354,
-0.033999841660261154,
0.01841733604669571,
-0.008003143593668938,
-0.005512353032827377,
-0.03353199362754822,
-0.0201805979013443,
0.021665804088115692,
0.01075822301208973,
-0.05747472122311592,
0.01969684660434723,
-0.007240809965878725,
0.023037107661366463,
0.12023406475782394,
0.0032419958151876926,
0.010150063782930374,
-1.3403668397415913e-8,
-0.046724583953619,
0.04062063992023468,
-0.05561641603708267,
-0.0018853341462090611,
0.056323979049921036,
0.049638908356428146,
-0.04154156893491745,
0.0325038842856884,
0.02574923262000084,
-0.018780937418341637,
0.06920813769102097,
0.02598794549703598,
-0.02782331220805645,
0.05757509544491768,
0.09128093719482422,
-0.01532574463635683,
-0.10472093522548676,
-0.027585938572883606,
-0.016222817823290825,
-0.035399287939071655,
-0.010461363941431046,
-0.013999390415847301,
-0.0002939800324384123,
-0.08362972736358643,
0.007932317443192005,
0.006960071157664061,
-0.04422977939248085,
0.07475824654102325,
0.07440952211618423,
-0.04058071970939636,
-0.0018266832921653986,
0.01985001191496849,
0.014382191933691502,
0.020585300400853157,
0.02213379554450512,
-0.06437048316001892,
-0.06369856745004654,
0.01613914780318737,
0.009907381609082222,
-0.0055595203302800655,
-0.05467313155531883,
-0.0233115516602993,
0.07046928256750107,
0.006468005012720823,
-0.047700025141239166,
-0.0036470729392021894,
0.007837599143385887,
-0.004974569659680128,
-0.01241857185959816,
-0.07781214267015457,
-0.0009409073390997946,
-0.008002524264156818,
0.006034235469996929,
0.08434933423995972,
0.10730371624231339,
0.011427774094045162,
0.013366665691137314,
-0.012747352942824364,
0.061454374343156815,
0.03564131259918213,
0.1587459295988083,
0.12640950083732605,
0.04654904082417488,
-0.015717294067144394
] | {
"pdf_file": "4VXCOS4VUT37JP4BK425KOKWXRYTMJDO.pdf",
"text": " "
} |
[
0.010219650343060493,
0.028388654813170433,
0.04156694561243057,
0.04183627665042877,
0.04370950162410736,
0.008837438188493252,
0.04204506427049637,
-0.07894734293222427,
-0.059572041034698486,
0.001506113912910223,
0.02564956620335579,
-0.018918966874480247,
0.04058963432908058,
0.04223359748721123,
0.02543894574046135,
0.033927708864212036,
0.03317822143435478,
-0.07015373557806015,
-0.05946077033877373,
0.07055561989545822,
-0.051249414682388306,
-0.002981693483889103,
0.06405807286500931,
0.023854389786720276,
-0.0473196804523468,
-0.001707874471321702,
-0.06380820274353027,
-0.044643986970186234,
-0.04254740849137306,
0.06306204199790955,
0.050209175795316696,
-0.06883682310581207,
0.021971561014652252,
0.09429076313972473,
0.11863385885953903,
0.09391903877258301,
0.10373935103416443,
-0.006149109452962875,
0.026754742488265038,
0.00647390354424715,
-0.012880959548056126,
-0.0701931044459343,
0.015916479751467705,
-0.004152664914727211,
-0.06936266273260117,
0.01310248114168644,
-0.027463505044579506,
-0.039360690861940384,
0.009111541323363781,
-0.06187014654278755,
0.056083325296640396,
-0.026264561340212822,
0.018870586529374123,
-0.014694471843540668,
-0.023025253787636757,
-0.04826284199953079,
0.012672552838921547,
-0.020829055458307266,
-0.019147200509905815,
-0.04158186912536621,
0.042061351239681244,
0.019837187603116035,
-0.025210991501808167,
0.0027932918164879084,
-0.026814861223101616,
-0.031459640711545944,
0.01205955259501934,
0.03938482329249382,
0.01838981732726097,
-0.054263122379779816,
0.018855825066566467,
0.04697367548942566,
0.06883065402507782,
-0.01741545833647251,
-0.0014692125841975212,
0.014662389643490314,
0.059139952063560486,
0.004581680055707693,
0.06709360331296921,
-0.06870293617248535,
0.03365841507911682,
-0.011057544499635696,
-0.003560275537893176,
0.030012747272849083,
-0.10948881506919861,
-0.008927597664296627,
-0.05000520870089531,
0.0011511058546602726,
0.09480665624141693,
0.00010417660814709961,
-0.08033614605665207,
0.05012616887688637,
0.0390278622508049,
-0.062160179018974304,
-0.02240450121462345,
-0.019478820264339447,
0.046734265983104706,
0.01254850160330534,
-0.16198402643203735,
0.0626891627907753,
0.02542247623205185,
-0.01195631455630064,
0.0309441015124321,
-0.08418254554271698,
0.05911291763186455,
-0.030443940311670303,
-0.10138241201639175,
-0.01002995390444994,
-0.08202420175075531,
0.018240151926875114,
0.06409310549497604,
0.09621549397706985,
-0.04457782581448555,
0.0861116573214531,
-0.003109913319349289,
0.007835336029529572,
-0.05697808787226677,
-0.13095319271087646,
0.0783432126045227,
0.030090007930994034,
-0.0022300630807876587,
0.024683644995093346,
-0.04578091576695442,
-0.023437606170773506,
0.08577002584934235,
0.030944321304559708,
-0.013036178424954414,
3.517225299770168e-33,
-0.001064265496097505,
0.056181106716394424,
0.08345388621091843,
-0.0004773167602252215,
0.02124219946563244,
-0.06405500322580338,
-0.0592135451734066,
-0.044133856892585754,
0.011050025001168251,
0.02272694930434227,
-0.0494978129863739,
-0.014972405508160591,
0.08320295810699463,
0.02311946079134941,
-0.04745018109679222,
-0.09221354126930237,
-0.06615924835205078,
-0.04241073131561279,
-0.046320050954818726,
0.022280482575297356,
-0.0064111980609595776,
-0.09022834151983261,
0.021428298205137253,
0.05042610689997673,
0.012107398360967636,
-0.12330610305070877,
0.011705233715474606,
0.011254014447331429,
0.04498525708913803,
0.01395524200052023,
-0.007868876680731773,
0.009347174316644669,
0.0772215873003006,
-0.024404769763350487,
0.025705667212605476,
-0.061320360749959946,
0.04207875207066536,
0.02853396348655224,
-0.10014674067497253,
-0.11098415404558182,
-0.07101116329431534,
0.06667519360780716,
0.054331496357917786,
0.07105760276317596,
0.09870987385511398,
0.003944051451981068,
0.07852805405855179,
-0.043937116861343384,
-0.11128372699022293,
0.02272452786564827,
-0.007503837812691927,
0.039138924330472946,
-0.06197245791554451,
-0.007581518031656742,
-0.060162510722875595,
-0.06644678115844727,
0.016363169997930527,
0.020537152886390686,
0.004377399105578661,
-0.09327368438243866,
0.06560550630092621,
-0.06367781013250351,
-0.01084232609719038,
-0.0211157388985157,
0.04319176822900772,
-0.07268194854259491,
0.02506876178085804,
0.027738701552152634,
-0.04137158393859863,
0.004074306692928076,
0.03408687934279442,
-0.0018816691590473056,
-0.01998402737081051,
-0.008780725300312042,
-0.0377991646528244,
0.08262762427330017,
0.11078674346208572,
0.003815022762864828,
0.08916974812746048,
-0.05440857633948326,
0.07744049280881882,
0.004670182708650827,
-0.015522096306085587,
0.03489188849925995,
0.06395047903060913,
-0.026992900297045708,
-0.011406080797314644,
-0.0924224704504013,
0.016974158585071564,
-0.034698259085416794,
-0.04441428557038307,
0.017849808558821678,
0.042362067848443985,
-0.06515824049711227,
-0.046822693198919296,
-5.244128254857851e-33,
0.0499090850353241,
-0.03975491598248482,
0.07681553810834885,
-0.029582010582089424,
0.06897038221359253,
-0.06380601227283478,
-0.03163287416100502,
-0.10014038532972336,
0.07393566519021988,
0.025628047063946724,
-0.08221399039030075,
-0.0031695107463747263,
0.08347722142934799,
0.12035362422466278,
-0.068002849817276,
-0.03560500964522362,
0.05307851359248161,
-0.023308495059609413,
-0.021148711442947388,
-0.058711566030979156,
-0.003432726487517357,
0.06837457418441772,
0.018512120470404625,
0.016427284106612206,
-0.018054049462080002,
0.04486508294939995,
-0.03717934340238571,
0.03304421529173851,
-0.0073257870972156525,
-0.08943387120962143,
-0.02853233367204666,
-0.019556166604161263,
0.022850627079606056,
0.02120339311659336,
-0.041651129722595215,
0.04292989894747734,
0.05690949037671089,
0.01545062754303217,
-0.11438345909118652,
0.01730811595916748,
0.05122257024049759,
-0.0223704781383276,
-0.0528608039021492,
0.005534796044230461,
-0.07609903812408447,
0.033843640238046646,
-0.015445416793227196,
-0.04289642721414566,
-0.0631616860628128,
-0.004917398560792208,
-0.029193256050348282,
-0.05585455894470215,
-0.011620549485087395,
0.035993821918964386,
0.02553202398121357,
0.0454881452023983,
0.03429620712995529,
-0.03539351746439934,
-0.02168264053761959,
-0.03844006359577179,
-0.067842498421669,
0.043473903089761734,
-0.050296831876039505,
0.031459733843803406,
0.04436026141047478,
-0.10548527538776398,
-0.00817022193223238,
-0.05514293536543846,
-0.0522933267056942,
0.02366897463798523,
0.032392729073762894,
-0.07363272458314896,
-0.04739445447921753,
-0.0762467086315155,
-0.03704782947897911,
0.014046508818864822,
0.01827326789498329,
-0.04363038390874863,
-0.06337159126996994,
-0.029234498739242554,
0.05184511840343475,
-0.0955924391746521,
-0.013636892661452293,
-0.000660908583085984,
0.02994415909051895,
0.013941536657512188,
0.06846929341554642,
0.0453607514500618,
-0.05626183748245239,
0.10816682130098343,
-0.07201504707336426,
-0.01940169557929039,
0.012992661446332932,
0.05035482347011566,
0.019083945080637932,
-5.793196322656513e-8,
0.10789323598146439,
0.03937137871980667,
-0.10629431158304214,
0.005096806678920984,
0.016598312184214592,
-0.05279504880309105,
0.010741433128714561,
-0.04705824330449104,
0.019024576991796494,
0.07912322878837585,
0.04430327191948891,
0.06234307959675789,
-0.023651357740163803,
0.036495767533779144,
-0.014976524747908115,
0.027277987450361252,
-0.01025650929659605,
-0.07487291842699051,
-0.08725078403949738,
-0.024417322129011154,
-0.023955434560775757,
0.005138165317475796,
-0.045673102140426636,
0.008377735503017902,
0.034199558198451996,
0.03455591946840286,
-0.10904691368341446,
0.07522373646497726,
0.02301139198243618,
0.04288769140839577,
-0.005698066670447588,
0.04115663468837738,
-0.10332988202571869,
-0.01278687920421362,
0.022508202120661736,
-0.019436335191130638,
-0.004966937471181154,
0.012089047580957413,
0.008231517858803272,
-0.007514260709285736,
-0.015033889561891556,
0.023883532732725143,
0.002921933075413108,
0.01779218204319477,
-0.0007066565449349582,
0.02749619632959366,
-0.03649077191948891,
0.08931868523359299,
0.03871414437890053,
-0.020058907568454742,
-0.047025829553604126,
-0.10082871466875076,
0.02363617531955242,
0.06829790771007538,
0.04991666600108147,
-0.010250203311443329,
0.00016781709564384073,
-0.016408449038863182,
0.10403517633676529,
0.024884989485144615,
-0.000778012617956847,
-0.02961449883878231,
-0.05841967090964317,
-0.01721392385661602
] | {
"pdf_file": "KBWCMQOKIWATS25U3Q563UWDJTVUIDLJ.pdf",
"text": "November 20, 2009: Weekly Washington Update\nNovember 20, 2009\n \n \nWe live in a land where brave men and women volunteer to go in harm's way to protect and\ndefend this nation. Some give all and all give some for the preservation of the freedoms and\nliberties we hold sacred. The families of our servicemen and women also sacrifice in giving up\nthe time they would normally have together when their loved ones are overseas defending\nfreedom. Let us all take time to give thanks to our men and women in uniform and their families\nfor the gift of service and sacrifice they give to this nation.\n \nWhile we live in a land of plenty there are unfortunately many folks that go to bed hungry each\nnight. In these difficult times there are more folks than ever who need our help in finding shelter\nand food. Let us show our thanks by committing to help others in the year to come. Food banks\nare short of the food they need to meet the needs of folks that come seeking their help. Shelters\ndo not have the room to accommodate all of those looking for a roof over their heads in their\ntime of need. Our communities do a fantastic job in trying to meet the needs of others but they\nwill fall short if we fail to rally for their call for help.\n \nThere are countless volunteers in our communities who run fire and rescue calls to help those in\ntheir time of greatest need. These fine men and women also put themselves in harms way and\ngive of themselves 24 hours a day and 7 days to week to help. Let us give thanks for their\ncontributions to making our communities better and safer places to live, work and play.\n \nWe can make Thanksgiving a time of year to be truly thankful. When you talk with your friends,\nfamilies and neighbors let them know why you are thankful and how they can do the same to\nothers. Tell everyone you know that we are blessed in so many ways by the gifts given to us by\nothers and how they lift us up in many ways that we may never realize. Whether it is those who\nserve this nation in uniform, those who help others in need, those who protect us and answer\nour calls for help we should always be thankful and express our thanks in our words and\nactions. Happy Thanksgiving!\n \nCongressman Rob Wittman represents the First District of Virginia. He was elected to his first\nfull term in November 2008 and serves on the Natural Resources Committee and the Armed\nServices Committee where he is the Ranking Member of the Oversight and Investigations\nSubcommittee.\n 1 / 1"
} |
[
-0.0011071853805333376,
-0.012404445558786392,
-0.014110508374869823,
0.10440091043710709,
0.03962897136807442,
0.0388723649084568,
-0.1284436732530594,
0.014057882130146027,
-0.006676785182207823,
0.05985994264483452,
0.03741715848445892,
-0.07644721120595932,
0.028717229142785072,
-0.07073920220136642,
0.026739316061139107,
0.1102818176150322,
0.014038936235010624,
-0.053930412977933884,
-0.02132582664489746,
-0.10305851697921753,
-0.06916742026805878,
0.02262967638671398,
-0.0132630979642272,
-0.04113148897886276,
0.05308467894792557,
0.0361589752137661,
-0.0897233858704567,
-0.00740745197981596,
-0.0349947065114975,
0.028195738792419434,
-0.09616836905479431,
0.07908934354782104,
0.04227469861507416,
-0.015187091194093227,
0.03200293704867363,
0.027066100388765335,
0.08158248662948608,
-0.07019639760255814,
-0.018486199900507927,
0.10564742982387543,
0.004931231029331684,
-0.02236917056143284,
-0.054485857486724854,
-0.027489669620990753,
-0.1315586417913437,
0.017941119149327278,
0.03416739031672478,
0.02023790217936039,
-0.006418535951524973,
0.02585875429213047,
0.01334136538207531,
0.03937415033578873,
0.05661403760313988,
0.016934875398874283,
-0.08370386809110641,
-0.04407835006713867,
0.07432752102613449,
0.009309662505984306,
-0.016633395105600357,
0.05272285267710686,
0.01839490234851837,
-0.030194265767931938,
-0.016548791900277138,
-0.08324611932039261,
0.06683991849422455,
0.062064044177532196,
-0.06418224424123764,
0.010679161176085472,
0.028323542326688766,
-0.08095250278711319,
-0.015270733274519444,
0.023651883006095886,
-0.029759248718619347,
0.023140307515859604,
0.0168739203363657,
-0.051013946533203125,
-0.014177658595144749,
0.055299386382102966,
0.12628883123397827,
-0.07704959064722061,
0.006689115427434444,
0.02816222421824932,
-0.03382791951298714,
-0.057188306003808975,
-0.07510387152433395,
0.013958779163658619,
0.038160793483257294,
0.11358743160963058,
0.04219803959131241,
0.008011005818843842,
0.0073934998363256454,
-0.0695604756474495,
-0.014843184500932693,
0.01641913317143917,
-0.08199886232614517,
0.03334696590900421,
-0.05646471306681633,
-0.11910566687583923,
0.0030736206099390984,
-0.045498501509428024,
0.019098185002803802,
0.0025206839200109243,
-0.021056197583675385,
-0.04413783177733421,
-0.03292157128453255,
-0.020061152055859566,
-0.08950415253639221,
0.03886615112423897,
-0.07126986235380173,
0.08263376355171204,
-0.06885259598493576,
-0.0224834606051445,
-0.04020768031477928,
0.06983485072851181,
0.008085548877716064,
0.0053351037204265594,
0.040668684989213943,
-0.07269201427698135,
-0.010343356989324093,
-0.0407065786421299,
0.09565400332212448,
-0.016038566827774048,
0.0025626146234571934,
0.034047555178403854,
0.057786568999290466,
-0.05413058400154114,
-0.019138123840093613,
5.665364818765095e-33,
-0.010285397060215473,
0.04197516292333603,
0.08919430524110794,
-0.00612578634172678,
-0.006886589340865612,
0.013815736398100853,
0.003709434298798442,
0.004452519118785858,
0.03437850624322891,
-0.03318757936358452,
-0.0601838193833828,
-0.0017351305577903986,
-0.011102692224085331,
-0.036525242030620575,
0.04066489264369011,
-0.035067327320575714,
-0.07150223851203918,
0.0816921815276146,
-0.004413135349750519,
0.08894309401512146,
-0.043690867722034454,
-0.020325150340795517,
-0.051995899528265,
0.10034948587417603,
0.012109830044209957,
0.03458762913942337,
0.02994081936776638,
0.01198198739439249,
-0.011424845084547997,
0.024495234712958336,
0.07783335447311401,
-0.04178337752819061,
0.015035565942525864,
-0.041898008435964584,
-0.052658628672361374,
-0.053920064121484756,
-0.03284114971756935,
0.01389253418892622,
-0.016189659014344215,
0.060329172760248184,
-0.051330942660570145,
0.04627007618546486,
0.10243034362792969,
0.06268741190433502,
-0.011329214088618755,
0.010395754128694534,
0.06775873899459839,
0.0366843119263649,
-0.019937675446271896,
-0.009667637757956982,
-0.06366121768951416,
0.04737594351172447,
0.02479596994817257,
-0.05001343786716461,
0.013610691763460636,
-0.0365753211081028,
0.0488617904484272,
0.014519917778670788,
-0.08222457021474838,
-0.035608433187007904,
0.020367519930005074,
0.05410638824105263,
-0.018821334466338158,
-0.0432659275829792,
-0.09383579343557358,
-0.04955468326807022,
-0.012991532683372498,
0.13547444343566895,
-0.022250046953558922,
0.08403845876455307,
0.04268379136919975,
-0.04996679350733757,
-0.06164634972810745,
-0.0034901767503470182,
0.047232381999492645,
-0.04412341117858887,
0.09744951874017715,
0.060059137642383575,
0.010295696556568146,
0.05841468647122383,
0.06120667606592178,
-0.06070312485098839,
-0.022960660979151726,
-0.10683628916740417,
-0.054205071181058884,
-0.05940144136548042,
0.0175558403134346,
0.07298287004232407,
0.013009350746870041,
-0.01332102995365858,
0.07736680656671524,
0.07465671747922897,
-0.00616026297211647,
0.050094492733478546,
0.05108995735645294,
-4.889384998272809e-33,
-0.05222120136022568,
0.06725266575813293,
0.029940079897642136,
0.032194770872592926,
-0.029655544087290764,
-0.08016107976436615,
0.004328276962041855,
-0.019558178260922432,
0.06040947511792183,
-0.07799583673477173,
-0.018685385584831238,
0.03134120628237724,
-0.0019130678847432137,
0.020674148574471474,
-0.05364568531513214,
-0.016652369871735573,
0.03420746698975563,
-0.022276893258094788,
0.030292488634586334,
-0.0830402821302414,
-0.07701023668050766,
-0.012972905300557613,
-0.05074794217944145,
-0.02865690365433693,
-0.05777428299188614,
0.019585466012358665,
-0.020954489707946777,
0.029734492301940918,
0.02966989390552044,
-0.020299287512898445,
-0.005667193792760372,
-0.04983845725655556,
0.0015305246924981475,
0.06809613108634949,
-0.019133392721414566,
-0.07490407675504684,
-0.025972804054617882,
-0.018803363665938377,
0.015557939186692238,
-0.012235814705491066,
0.030561663210392,
-0.031181110069155693,
0.01468108780682087,
0.040833424776792526,
-0.025357166305184364,
0.005177690647542477,
-0.028577346354722977,
-0.028505247086286545,
0.09213697910308838,
0.05178200080990791,
0.02320718578994274,
0.10460422188043594,
-0.0616290345788002,
0.013732860796153545,
-0.03743813559412956,
-0.0012683651875704527,
0.028916167095303535,
0.08636212348937988,
-0.09051266312599182,
0.006391748785972595,
0.016467886045575142,
0.08733771741390228,
0.03670015558600426,
0.04692886397242546,
-0.008664211258292198,
-0.017938677221536636,
0.042387500405311584,
-0.024009080603718758,
-0.014429008588194847,
-0.0226769857108593,
0.04694759473204613,
0.027136921882629395,
0.1142563596367836,
-0.06471807509660721,
-0.03394017741084099,
0.0350809320807457,
0.03889337182044983,
-0.01729748584330082,
-0.056234754621982574,
0.010478475131094456,
-0.06760116666555405,
-0.012118273414671421,
0.009783990681171417,
-0.005463318899273872,
-0.019490668550133705,
0.007293999195098877,
0.05162910744547844,
-0.06313330680131912,
0.0027957709971815348,
0.08419179171323776,
-0.0626133382320404,
-0.00946965254843235,
-0.04743397980928421,
0.010674718767404556,
0.05014706030488014,
-5.2489848911818626e-8,
0.014988611452281475,
-0.048846207559108734,
0.028603365644812584,
-0.0037524113431572914,
0.131627157330513,
-0.020118141546845436,
0.020115816965699196,
0.0910915657877922,
-0.034086111932992935,
0.06713218986988068,
-0.05044020712375641,
0.09710875898599625,
-0.07485887408256531,
0.034478627145290375,
0.016281738877296448,
-0.06415963917970657,
0.028366979211568832,
-0.03179244324564934,
-0.006444558966904879,
-0.025188175961375237,
-0.03481181338429451,
0.015333518385887146,
0.011374106630682945,
-0.034151915460824966,
-0.029545582830905914,
0.05220916494727135,
0.019067464396357536,
0.03012532740831375,
0.06950406730175018,
-0.03269185125827789,
0.058037638664245605,
-0.03450462967157364,
-0.04608648642897606,
-0.022838324308395386,
-0.02527567371726036,
-0.03814399987459183,
-0.1225631833076477,
0.0908932313323021,
-0.03820798918604851,
-0.003287232480943203,
0.05938126519322395,
0.033789850771427155,
-0.061918143182992935,
0.03892841935157776,
0.049683116376399994,
0.053312186151742935,
-0.12086168676614761,
0.006898596882820129,
-0.0014686156064271927,
0.005426398012787104,
0.03185637295246124,
-0.11663683503866196,
0.04276204854249954,
-0.016836080700159073,
0.0026423842646181583,
0.06095142289996147,
-0.029814062640070915,
-0.12356764823198318,
0.03556756675243378,
0.06318994611501694,
-0.05325190722942352,
-0.07472772151231766,
0.028380634263157845,
0.05713734030723572
] | {
"pdf_file": "3WVRGDKMXZRPVBBNRYOLXY3J3VIZROXI.pdf",
"text": "OREGON NURSERY \nand\nGREENHOUSE\nSURVEY\n2004 2004\nOREGON NURSERY \n \nand\nGREENHOUSE\nSURVEY\nCompiled and Published by\nOregon Field Office\nNational Agricultural Statistics Service\nUnited States Department of Agriculture\nJanice A. Goodwin, Director\nBruce Eklund, Deputy Director\nKent Hoddick, Agricultural Statistician\nChuck Bennett, Statistical Assistant\nRobert Weston, Student Assistant\nCopies of this publication are available at no charge by contacting the Oregon office at 1220 SW Third Ave., Room 1735, Portlan d, OR 97204-2899,\n(503) 326-2131, by sending a request via E-mail to: nass-or@nass.usda.gov, or by accessing the Internet at www.nass.usda.gov/or/ FORWARD\nSeptember 2005\nThe release of the 2004 Oregon Nursery and Greenhouse Survey results represents\nthe fifteenth year of documenting throug h statistics the progress of Oregon’s # 1\nagricultural industry. Nursery and greenhouse sales climbed to $ 844 million in 2004,up 8 percent from the previous year, demonstr ating that the industry continues to do an\noutstanding job of growing and marketing high quality nursery stock and materials.This growth continues despite the challe nges of truck shortages, rising fuel,\ntransportation, and labor co sts, sometimes burdensome re gulations, and competition\nfor land. The industry is a key generator of revenue for the State, with in excess of 75\npercent of sales coming from outside Oregon.\nOregon’s top five producing counties Cl ackamas, Washington, Marion, Yamhill, and\nMultnomah are in or near the Portland metropolitan area. The nurseries andgreenhouses in these five counties represent 86 percent of the tota l value of production,\nproviding local employment and b eautifying the urbanized landscape.\nContainer sales continue to dominate the product categories, accounting for 41 percent\nof the sales for all product types; this shar e is up 3 percent from 2003. Growth in sales\nof container plants accounted for 72 percent of the $65 mi llion increase realized by the\nindustry in 2004.\nWe would like to thank the many Oregon nurseries and greenhouses, the Oregon\nAssociation of Nurseries, the Oregon Depar tment of Agriculture, our crew of field\ninterviewers, and others who provide information and suppor t for this important annual\neffort. Access to accurate and timely inform ation is critical to the continued success of\nthis vital sector of Oregon agriculture.\nSincerely,\nJanice A. Goodwin\nDirector\nThe National Agricultural Statistics Service is an agency of USDA’s Resource, Education, and Economics mission. \nAn Equal Opportunity Provider and Employer United States\n Department Of Agriculture\n National Agricultural Statistics Service\n Oregon\n Field Office\nJanice A. Goodwin\n Director\n (503)326-2131\n1220 SW 3\nrd Ave,\nSte 1735Portland, OR97204-2833\n in cooperation\n with Oregon\n Department\n of Agriculture\n TABLE OF CONTENTS\nCharts - Gross Sales 1990-2004 vers us number of firms with sale s over $2 million. . . . . . . Cover\n Gross Sales 1994-2004 firms that make above and be low $2 million. . . . . . . . . . . Cover\n \nPage\n2004 Summary ............................................................... 1\nGross sales by plant material 1998-2004 ........................................... 1\nNumber of operations, acreage a nd gross sales by county 2002-200 4..................... 2\nGross sales by sales value 2000-2004 ............................................. 3\nD a t a c o l l e c t i o n p r o c e d u r e s...................................................... 3\nNumber of operations and survey sampling by sales value 2003-2004 .................... 4\nNumber of workers and gro ss wages by sales value 2003 .............................. 4\nNumber of workers, wages and number of operations 1997-2003 ....................... 4\nDestination of Oregon sales by plant material for 1995-2003 ..........................5 - 6\nNumber of operations by sales value 1998-2004 ..................................... 7\nGross Sales, yearly percent change, num ber of operations, number of firms with\nsales over $2 million .......................................................... 7\nSample Questionnaire - 2004 .................................................. 8 - 9\nAdditional references to recent Or egon Horticulture data published by NASS. . . . . . .Back Cover \n 2004 Oregon nursery product sales set another record.\nOregon’s horticulture industries continued to grow in 2004 with another record high sales value of $844 million for nursery and\ngreenhouse products. This was the fifteenth year of this survey and the fourteenth year of record sales. Sales in 2004 climbe d 8\npercent above 2003 and were over 2 times the sales of 1995. The horticulture industry conti nued to solidify its place above all other\nOregon agricultural commodities, claiming nearly 21 percent of the total value of agricultural pr oduction. Cattle, with a value of $503\nmillion, ranked second, while all hay and all milk claimed third and fourth places with sales of $382 million and $363 million,\nrespectively. \nSeventy-two percent of the total $65 million sales increase this year was in Container sales, which increased 16 percent over l ast\nyear, while Bare Root pr oducts gai ned 6 percent. Each category of plant material sales was higher in 2004 than in 2003, except for\nthe other product category which remained the same as the previous year.\nGross sales, when broken down by sales size groups, showed increases in all but one group. The largest size gr oup, 2+ million,\nincreased 12 percent or $67.3 million over 2003. This increased value is mo re than the total increase because the $500,000 to $2\nmillion sales size group was down 3 percent to 5.1 million from last year . This size group was down in sales value because many of\nthese firms increased sales and moved into the 2+ million size group.\n(continued on page 3)\nNursery/greenhouse gross sales: By plant material 1998 - 2004\nPlant\n material 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 20042004\n2003\n1,000\ndollars1,000 dollars 1,000 dollars 1,000 dollars 1,000 dollars 1,000 dollars 1,000 dollars Percent\nchange\nBare Root 109,700 116,300 136,700 145,100 147,500 150,100 159,400 106\nB & B 85,500 97,500 127,700 129,100 142,100 147,400 151,000 102Container 188,500 223,100 226,300 243,100 265,100 298,300 345,300 116Greenhouse 105,900 103,100 106,600 114,700 120,100 124,300 129,400 104Other 42,400 44,000 44,700 48,000 52,200 58,900 58,900 100 Total 532,000 584,000 642,000 680,000 727,000 779,000 844,000 108\nOregon Nursery/Greenhouse 2004 Nursery/greenhouse gross sales: By plant material \n1998-2004\n050100150200250300350400\nBare Root B & B Container Greenhouse OtherThousand Dollars1998\n1999\n2000\n2001\n2002\n2003\n2004 Number of operations, acreage, and gross sales by county, 2002 - 2004\nNumber of\noperations Acres Gross sales\n2004 2003 1/2002 2003 2004 2004/2003\nNumber Acres 1,000 Dollars 1, 000 Dollars 1, 000 Dollars Percent change\nBenton 46 330 1,400 1,500 1,800 120 \nClackamas 453 12,750 166,400 175,500 193,500 110 Curry 21 480 4,600 4,750 4,250 89 Deschutes 46 310 3,100 3,550 3,600 101 Douglas 49 580 3,200 3,850 3,750 97 Jackson 75 120 3,100 3,100 3,150 102 Josephine 43 130 2,400 2,400 2,500 104 Klamath 16 1,760 10,100 11,350 14,100 124 Lane 144 600 17,900 20,950 24,000 115 Lincoln 19 160 2,400 2,850 2,700 95 Linn 81 580 9,500 11,650 14,800 127 Marion 357 12,200 165,600 174,150 178,900 103 Multnomah 176 3,550 43,600 45,100 49,000 109 Polk 48 1,250 9,200 10,950 10,300 94 Umatilla 12 680 4,400 5,300 6,800 128 Washington 251 7,260 157,500 163,750 191,200 117 Yamhill 99 6,400 103,600 106,800 115,900 109 Other \n2/137 1,260 19,000 31,500 23,750 75 \n Total 2,073 50,400 727,000 779,000 844,000 108 \n1/ Not collected in 2004. 2/ Contains counties with less than 1 million dollars of sales and other counties that were combine d to avoid disclosure.\n* Other : Polk $10.3, Umatilla $6.8, Curry $4.3, Douglas $3.8, Deschutes $3.6, Ja ckson $3.2, Lincoln $2.7, Josephine $2.5, Benton $1.8, Other\nMisc. Counties $23.8\nOregon Nursery/Greenhouse 2004 2Nursery/greenhouse gross sales by county, Oregon - 2004 \nOregon $844 m illion\nOther, $62.6Linn, $14.8\nLane, $24.0Klamath, $14.1\nMultnomah, $49.0\nYamhill, $115.9\nMarion, $178.9Washington, $191.2Clackamas, $193.5 (continued from page 1)\nFirms with sales over $2 million made up 72.4 percent of all Oregon sales, and the total number of firms in this group increase d 8 firms \nto a total of 84 firms.\nOregon’s top four counties of production, Clackamas, Washington, Marion, and Yamhill had with sales of $193.5 million, $191.2 m illion,\n$178.9 million and $115.9 million, respectively. In total, these four counties accounted for 81 percent of all the sales. When Multnomah\ncounty's sales of $49.0 million is included, the total value of production in the top five counties account for 86 percent of total\nproduction. Clacka mas county is still the major production area, but Ma rion county -- which has been the second largest county of\nproduction -- was replaced by Washington c ounty this year. Washington c ounty sales were only 2.3 million below Clackamas county\nand increased $27.5 m illion above last year. Given the number of growers and acres in production in Clackamas, Washington, and\nMarion, counties, any of these three could be the number one producer next year.\nGross sales, by sales value 2000-2004\n Sales size group 2000 2001 2002 2003 20042004\n2003\n1,000 dollars 1,000 dollars 1,000 dollars 1,000 dollars 1,000 dollars Percent change \nLess than $20,000 8,800 6,300 6,100 6,400 7,700 120\n$20,000 - $99,999 15,800 16,100 18,000 18,100 18,900 104$100,000 - $199,999 14,600 14,000 15,300 15,900 16,700 105$200,000 - $499,999 37,900 44,400 41,600 45,200 45,100 100$500,000 - $1,999,999 130,200 130,500 149,500 149,400 144,300 97More than $2,000,000 434,700 468,700 469,500 544,000 611,300 112 Total 642,000 680,000 727,000 779,000 844,000 108\nData collection\nThe 2004 Oregon Nursery and Greenhouse Survey was designed to collect data on all commercial nurseries, gr eenhouses, and\nproducers of other plant material, such as roses, holly, bulbs, sod, cut flower s, dried flowers, etc. in the State. A stratifie d random\nsample of 752 names was selected from the State of Oregon’s list of licensed nurseries and gr eenhouses for 2004. They were\nclassified into six broad size groups based on sales volume. The Oregon Agricultural Statistics Service's floriculture survey w as used to\nsupplement the list for those firms who are not required to have a State license.\nQuestionnaires were mailed to the sampled names on June 13, 2005, followed by a second request on July 7. All non-respondents\nwere phoned or visited from July 27 to August 18. Cooperation was excellent with 92 percent of the sampled names partaicipating in\nthe survey. Data for minor counties and items were combined with other totals to avoid disclosure of individual operations.\nThe sample design was developed by the National Agricultural Statistics Service. Kent Hoddick of the Oregon Staff has been the\nsurvey coordinator of the Oregon Nursery and Greenhouse program since its inception in 1991.\nOregon Nursery/Greenhouse 2004 3 Number of operations and survey sampling 2003 & 2004\nSales size groupTotal number of operations Operations in sample\n2003 2004 2003 2004\nLess than $20,000 1,182 1,194 112 132\n$20,000 - $99,999 389 396 137 151$100,000 - $199,999 112 115 90 109$200,000 - $499,999 136 140 115 132$500,000 - $1,999,999 149 144 149 144More than $2,000,000 76 84 76 84 Total 2,044 2,073 679 752\nWages and number of workers up 1/\nThe number of workers employed increased 6 percent from 2001 to a total of 21,600. Each sales size group reflected part of tha t\nincrease except the “$200,000-$499,999\" size group, which dropped 400 workers, a decline of 22 percent from the 2001 survey. W hile\nthe total wages paid rose 18 percent to a total of $275.2 million, the State average wage paid to workers only rose by 11.8 per cent or to\n$12,741 dollars. Full time worker numbers continued upward, reaching 10,000 for 2003. Seasonal worker numbers, after two surv eys\nof declining numbers, increased by 7 percent to 11,600 workers for 2003. Both seasonal and full time worker nu mbers \ndeclined for the “$200,000-$499,999\" sales size group since the 2001 survey.\nNumber of workers employed in the nursery/greenhouse industry and gross wages paid - 2003\nSales size group Full time Seasonal Total workers Total wagesAverage wages\nper worker\nNumber Number Number Dollars Dollars\nLess than $20,000 60 800 860 1,210,000 1,407\n$20,000 - $99,999 200 1,200 1,400 5,390,000 3,850$100,000 - $199,999 240 600 840 5,020,000 5,976$200,000 - $499,999 600 800 1,400 15,500,000 11,071$500,000 - $1,999,999 2,200 3,300 5,500 58,720,000 10,676More than $2,000,000 6,700 4,900 11,600 189,360,000 16,324 Total 10,000 11,600 21,600 275,200,000 12,741\n1/ Data not collected for 2004; the number of workers and wages are collected every other year.\n \nNumber of workers, wages and number of operations 1997 - 2003\n1997 1999 2001 20032003\n2001\nNumber Number Number Number Percent change\nSeasonal workers 12,750 12,200 10,850 11,600 107\nFull time workers 8,050 9,000 9,550 10,000 105Total workers 20,800 21,200 20,400 21,600 106Total wages ($) 178,870,000 201,170,000 232,557,000 275,200,000 118Average wages per worker ($) 8,600 9,489 11,400 12,741 112Number of operations 2,040 2,185 2,139 2,044 96\nOregon Nursery/Greenhouse 2004 4 DESTINATIONS OF OREGON NURSERY PRODUCT SALES SHIFTING\nPercentage wise, the following des tinations showed the strongest gains from the la st destination survey in 1999: Other Western States - up 46 percent ($19.2 million); Upper\nMidwest - up 67 percent ($52.9 million); Gulf States - up 39 percent ($6.9 million); Northeast States - up 48 percent ($39.4 mi llion); and Eastern Canada - up 146 percent ($11.1\nmillion). All other destinations also increased but at lesser percent c hanges. Of course, Oregon remained the largest destinati on, increasing by $30.2 million dollars in sales\ndelivered over 1999. Destination sale s as a percent of total Oregon sales produced showed increased sales in Other Western Sta tes, Upper Midwest, Gulf States, Nort heast\nStates, and Eastern Canada, while all other regions declined in sales value share. Virtually all regions showed strong gains i n container sales delivered over 1999. Most regions\nshowed good gains in Balled & Burlapped deliveries except Upper Midwest - no change, Atlantic States - declined, Northeast Stat es - declined, and Eastern Canada - declined.\nBare root deliveries made modest gains in all regions except Or egon showed a slight decline. The Upper Midwest increased about 75 percent in deliveries for bare root material.\nGreenhouse and Other plant materials made good gains overall.\nDestination of gross sales by Or egon plant material, 1995, 1999, 2003 8/\nPlant material type\nBare root B & B Container\nDestination 1995 1999 2003 1995 1999 2003 1995 1999 2003\n1,000 dollars 1,000 dollars 1,000 dollars 1,000 dollars 1,000 do llars 1,000 dollars 1,000 dollars 1,000 dollars 1,000 dollars\nOregon 19,420 20,610 19,000 15,690 18,560 24,780 30,240 42,280 53,380\nWashington 8,185 8,480 9,000 8,850 9,850 11,920 15,090 25,860 31,930California 4,625 6,390 8,830 2,346 4,060 5,950 8,150 16,900 17,770 Other western States \n1/3,225 4,670 8,000 8,085 8,560 15,330 13,080 25,510 31,030\nUpper Midwest 2/20,130 21,560 37,660 9,490 15,160 23,570 31,620 36,060 62,480\nGulf States 3/4,800 4,690 5,910 1,315 2,680 3,470 3,660 6,450 10,340\nAtlantic States 4/9,375 24,400 27,100 5,937 12,860 21,150 11,300 30,950 32,840\nNortheast States 5/9,345 21,050 24,650 13,450 21,900 36,060 24,110 33,160 49,970\nWestern Canada 6/2,070 2,770 2,300 1,654 1,750 1,950 6,260 3,210 3,810\nEastern Canada 7/ 845 1,220 6,950 760 2,120 3,220 4,260 2,440 4,590\nForeign Countries 880 460 700 223 -- -- 330 280 160 Total 82,900 116,300 150,100 67,800 97,500 147,400 148,100 223,100 298,300\n1/ Other western States include MT,ID,WY,NV,UT,AZ,NM,CO,AK,HI.\n2/ Upper Midwest include ND,SD,NE,KS,MN,IA,MO,WI,IL,MI,IN,OH,KY.3/ Gulf States include OK,TX,AR,LA,TN,MS,AL.4/ Atlantic States include MD,DE,WV,VA,NC,SC,GA,FL.5/ Northeast States include ME,NH,VT,MA,CT,RI,NY,PA,NJ.6/ Western Canada include BC,AB,SK,MB.7/ Eastern Canada includes all other provinces.8/ Not collected for 2000, 2001, 2002, or 2004.\nOregon Nursery/Greenhouse 2004 5 Destination of gross sales by Oregon plant material, 1995, 1999, 2003 8/ (continued)\nPlant material type\n2003\n1999Percent of\ntotal sales \nby\ndestinationGreenhouse Other Total\nDestination 1995 1999 2003 1995 1999 2003 1995 1999 2003\n1,000\ndollars1,000\ndollars1,000\ndollars1,000\ndollars1,000\ndollars1,000\ndollars1,000\ndollars1,000\ndollars1,000\ndollars Percent Percent\nOregon 47,415 60,680 73,480 13,670 17,450 19,130 126,435 159,580 189,770 119 24.3 \nWashington 11,275 14,920 18,260 4,010 2,320 4,490 47,410 61,430 75,600 123 9.7 California 10,160 9,700 9,340 5,630 9,670 12,080 30,911 46,720 53,970 116 6.9 Other \nWestern States \n1/ 1,710 2,150 4,130 1,140 1,030 2,640 27,240 41,920 61,130 146 7.8 \nUpper Midwest 2/ 4,325 3,680 4,610 3,350 2,810 3,870 68,915 79,270 132,190 167 17.0 \nGulf States 3/ 1,600 2,030 1,670 1,900 1,890 3 ,220 13,275 17,740 24,610 139 3.2 \nAtlantic States 4/ 1,475 3,260 2,310 4,020 2,750 3,380 32,107 74,220 86,780 117 11.1 \nNortheast States 5/ 2,150 3,350 4,940 2,320 2,290 5,520 51,375 81,750 121,140 148 15.6 \nWestern Canada 6/ 2,015 2,060 2,450 450 360 910 12,449 10,150 11,420 113 1.5 \nEastern Canada 7/ 1,025 1,090 2,410 180 690 1,460 7,070 7,560 18,630 246 2.4 \nOther Foreign Countries 350 180 700 30 2,740 2,200 1,813 3,660 3,760 103 .5 Total 83,500 103,100 124,300 36,700 44,000 58,900 419,000 584,000 779,000 133 100 \n1/ Other western States include MT,ID,WY,NV,UT,AZ,NM,CO,AK,HI.\n2/ Upper Midwest include ND,SD,NE,KS,MN,IA,MO,WI,IL,MI,IN,OH,KY.3/ Gulf States include OK,TX,AR,LA,TN,MS,AL.4/ Atlantic States include MD,DE,WV,VA,NC,SC,GA,FL.5/ Northeast States include ME,NH,VT,MA,CT,RI,NY,PA,NJ.6/ Western Canada include BC,AB,SK,MB.7/ Eastern Canada includes all other provinces.8/ Not collected for 2000, 2001, 2002, or 2004.\nOregon Nursery/Greenhouse 2004 6 Number of operations by sales value, 1998 - 2004\nSales size groupNumber of Operations\n1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004\nLess than $20,000 1,342 1,396 1,324 1,337 1,375 1,182 1,194\n$20,000 - $99,999 337 356 343 362 353 389 396$100,000 - $199,999 129 121 103 98 106 112 115$200,000 - $499,999 113 116 126 138 136 136 140$500,000 - $1,999,999 118 135 137 134 142 149 144More than $2,000,000 43 62 69 70 71 76 84 Total 2,082 2,185 2,102 2,139 2,183 2,044 2,073\nGross sales and operations trends 1990-2004\nYearGross Sales\n1,000 dollars% Change\nFrom Last YearNumber of\nOperationsNumber of Firms with sales \nover $2 million\n1990 315,000 1/ 1/ 1/1991 341,000 108 1,704 1/\n1992 345,000 101 1,900 1/\n1993 347,000 101 1,986 1/1994 385,000 111 1,979 321995 419,000 109 1,905 381996 448,000 107 1,983 411997 492,000 110 2,040 401998 532,000 108 2,082 431999 584,000 110 2,185 622000 642,000 110 2,102 692001 680,000 106 2,139 702002 727,000 107 2,183 712003 779,000 107 2,044 762004 844,000 108 2,073 84\n1/ Not Available\nOregon Nursery/Greenhouse 2004 7 \n S\n A\n M\n \n P\n L EForm Approved\nO.M.B. Number 0535-0244Approval Expires 07/31/07Project Code 168OREGON\nAGRICULTURALSTATISTICSSERVICE\n1220 SW 3rd Ave., Room 1735\nPortland, OR 97204\n503-326-2131 or 1-800-338-2157\nFAX: 326-2549 or 1-800-731-7011 OREGON NURSERY AND GREENHOUSE\n SURVEY 2004\nPlease make corrections to name, address and zip code if necessary.\n Dear Nursery/Greenhouse Grower:\nPlease take a few minutes to complete the annual Nur ser y and\nGreenhouse Survey that is the only source of measuring annual\ngrowth and change of Or egon’s m ajor agricultural industry. The\nnursery/greenhouse report will be released in August 2005 and i s\nused extensivel y by your industry, universities, the legislature and\nlocal governments for informed decision making concer ning issues\naffecting both the industry. Thank you for your help.\nSincerely,\nJanice A. Goodwin\nDirector\nSECTION 1 - INTRODUCTION\n1. Did you produce, sell, or have growing any nursery or greenhouse crops (including contai ner grown), bulbs, sod, bedding\n plants, cut flowers, holly and dried flowers, etc. during 2004?\n 9 YES - Please go to Section 2.\n 9 NO - Please go to Section 3 on the back page.\nSECTION 2 - GROSS SALES VALUE \n2. What were your gross (invoice) sales from your nursery and greenhouse operatiaon for each of the following plant\n material categories, and in total 2004? If calendar year data are not available, please use the most recent fiscal \n Year period. (Exclude plant material purchased for immediate resale.)\n 2004 GROSS SALES\n (IN DOLLARS)\na . B a r e R o o t ........................................................................ 311 \nb. Balled and Burlapped ............................................................... 312 \nc . C o n t a i n e r ........................................................................ 313 \nd. Greenhouse ............................................................... 314 \ne. Other Nursery Plant Materials (include sod, bulbs, tubers, holly, cut greens, etc.) ................ 315 \nf. TOTAL (Should equal a+b+c+d+e) ..................................................... 310 \nContinue \n S\n A\n M\n \n P\n L ESECTION 2 - NURSERY ACRES OPERATED (cont.)\n3. List the Oregon county or counties wher e your nursery or greenhouse acreage is locat ed. If your acreage is in more than one\ncounty, list each county separately, with the percent of gross sales by county.( Exclude acreage located in other States .)\n \n COUNTY ACRES PERCENT OF\nGROSS SALES OFFICE USE\n___________________________ ................... + 611 621 601\n___________________________ ................... + 612 622 602\n___________________________ ................... + 613 623 603\n___________________________ ................... + 614 624 604\nTOTAL (Acres should equal total\n in item 2g on page 1) ....................... =615 100%\nSECTION 3 - CHANGE IN OPERATOR\n 4. Has this operation been sold, rented out or turned over to someone else?\n YES - Please identify the new operator. NO - Please check one reason which applies .\n \n Name: _________________________________ Retail sales of only. \n \n Address: _______________________________ New operation with no 2003 sales.\n \n City, State______________________________ Zip _______ Other [Explain] ___________________\n Landlord \nPrepared by: Telephone: Date: \nAccording to the Paperwork Reduction Act of 1995, no persons are required to respond to a collection of information unless it displays a valid\nOMB control number. The time required to complete this information collection is estimated to average 30 minutes per r e\n \n OFFICE USE\n099\n910920\nU.S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE Cooperating With OREGON DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE"
} |
[
-0.03346463292837143,
0.0028300161939114332,
-0.09931140393018723,
0.07827078551054001,
-0.05766070634126663,
-0.061603203415870667,
0.03606060892343521,
-0.018536634743213654,
-0.11932297050952911,
0.054991211742162704,
0.049434710294008255,
-0.051741890609264374,
0.036255426704883575,
-0.14489439129829407,
-0.0362359918653965,
-0.005898682400584221,
-0.0025382123421877623,
-0.017753008753061295,
-0.02562638372182846,
-0.1406899392604828,
-0.02513115480542183,
-0.009595497511327267,
-0.004000923130661249,
-0.023533105850219727,
-0.0071539366617798805,
0.012802759185433388,
0.0013038526521995664,
-0.022286122664809227,
-0.00006046003181836568,
-0.05062073841691017,
-0.004423797130584717,
-0.008816201239824295,
0.04940131679177284,
0.02667449787259102,
0.07627137750387192,
0.022443678230047226,
0.006907941307872534,
-0.03642069175839424,
0.04157982021570206,
0.007408618927001953,
0.05082380771636963,
0.011783591471612453,
-0.025442009791731834,
0.03416023030877113,
0.004232317674905062,
-0.005066604819148779,
-0.05772008001804352,
-0.05187413468956947,
0.010288712568581104,
-0.011233354918658733,
-0.07712969928979874,
-0.0717715471982956,
0.00012957298895344138,
0.012227975763380527,
-0.004572141449898481,
0.036249369382858276,
0.09891963005065918,
-0.03211897611618042,
-0.014716983772814274,
0.008466500788927078,
-0.025075584650039673,
-0.03690271079540253,
0.025787340477108955,
-0.0253120269626379,
0.008618834428489208,
-0.03563602268695831,
-0.06384870409965515,
-0.02404334954917431,
0.02405647374689579,
-0.010332104749977589,
-0.01770780235528946,
0.0696263313293457,
-0.09748752415180206,
0.023226339370012283,
-0.07785452157258987,
-0.007383429910987616,
0.07029937207698822,
0.030417120084166527,
-0.033379264175891876,
-0.11060970276594162,
-0.06084492430090904,
-0.0295731034129858,
-0.07853293418884277,
-0.08725495636463165,
-0.04993264377117157,
-0.00031154329190030694,
0.053422700613737106,
0.009778453968465328,
0.01890946924686432,
-0.06504916399717331,
0.009316043928265572,
0.05552244558930397,
-0.056419018656015396,
-0.0955476239323616,
-0.012944231741130352,
0.044303037226200104,
-0.021039506420493126,
0.05650026723742485,
0.024236656725406647,
0.013988719321787357,
0.036923911422491074,
-0.03923077508807182,
-0.003540703561156988,
-0.016884729266166687,
-0.06130188703536987,
0.04309390112757683,
-0.04042046144604683,
0.0769050344824791,
-0.0518714003264904,
-0.04360836744308472,
-0.07796261459589005,
0.07322097569704056,
-0.012011067010462284,
-0.0559886172413826,
0.015958130359649658,
-0.03087615966796875,
0.07170909643173218,
0.02526451088488102,
-0.018826108425855637,
0.12368540465831757,
0.09131762385368347,
0.007177007384598255,
-0.08690877258777618,
-0.008098408579826355,
-0.10330262035131454,
-0.08087381720542908,
0.002696144627407193,
1.7576195408296314e-33,
0.06514576077461243,
-0.09196509420871735,
0.022593412548303604,
-0.0021187460515648127,
0.0883648693561554,
0.050725195556879044,
0.040555693209171295,
-0.04019206017255783,
0.04610239341855049,
-0.03542148321866989,
-0.07848764210939407,
-0.0699903666973114,
-0.0710897147655487,
-0.033866800367832184,
-0.05074947699904442,
-0.1343197524547577,
0.01037813350558281,
0.07487203925848007,
-0.0366528183221817,
-0.02139681950211525,
0.08946061134338379,
-0.039091259241104126,
-0.08333984017372131,
0.0739518478512764,
0.056499168276786804,
-0.04804597795009613,
0.015162557363510132,
-0.028613345697522163,
-0.03756166622042656,
-0.004309420939534903,
0.07200031727552414,
0.08021128177642822,
-0.0754396915435791,
-0.012689190916717052,
-0.04886052384972572,
0.02211284451186657,
-0.005080212838947773,
0.017375854775309563,
0.06135940179228783,
-0.04176639765501022,
-0.03986198827624321,
0.013811391778290272,
0.0015824207803234458,
0.004543832968920469,
-0.07260063290596008,
-0.0248753372579813,
-0.02547558769583702,
-0.016978969797492027,
0.007941881194710732,
0.03397594019770622,
0.02967894822359085,
-0.04533970355987549,
0.05332326143980026,
-0.01556595042347908,
-0.016096793115139008,
0.03529025986790657,
-0.013632753863930702,
0.018713630735874176,
0.03913239389657974,
0.05133062228560448,
-0.010537848807871342,
0.03501672297716141,
-0.10181523859500885,
0.03198890760540962,
0.007987595163285732,
-0.06109708547592163,
0.0496961735188961,
-0.02595740370452404,
0.06085920333862305,
0.05518953502178192,
-0.018920371308922768,
0.0684855580329895,
0.09019695967435837,
0.0033760492224246264,
0.000944456725846976,
-0.026407379657030106,
-0.0034806125331670046,
-0.03336668759584427,
-0.11599737405776978,
0.019966108724474907,
-0.03684624284505844,
-0.016926297917962074,
-0.12206877022981644,
-0.06389050930738449,
0.12897388637065887,
0.022555066272616386,
-0.03863590210676193,
0.05641897767782211,
-0.021740369498729706,
0.0004609538009390235,
-0.006234792992472649,
-0.0050748782232403755,
0.039323993027210236,
-0.05088026076555252,
-0.01366913691163063,
-3.718096345832573e-33,
0.010439488105475903,
0.04239537566900253,
0.019669685512781143,
-0.025022244080901146,
0.056014109402894974,
-0.027443859726190567,
-0.004470161162316799,
-0.05889930576086044,
-0.018526768311858177,
0.07965204119682312,
-0.11352214217185974,
-0.03372367471456528,
0.03016994334757328,
0.02036728709936142,
0.015567894093692303,
0.0003334154898766428,
-0.026890147477388382,
0.02827570214867592,
-0.011240551248192787,
0.08108402043581009,
-0.06022768095135689,
0.14275158941745758,
-0.07001794874668121,
0.06984460353851318,
0.022139525040984154,
0.00869703572243452,
-0.03133990988135338,
0.042173683643341064,
0.010355721227824688,
-0.01707787998020649,
-0.043198321014642715,
-0.06419724971055984,
-0.07598335295915604,
0.12005008012056351,
0.034316714853048325,
-0.072492316365242,
-0.016514457762241364,
0.05537179112434387,
0.013438399881124496,
0.10953447967767715,
0.06999903917312622,
-0.0025764326564967632,
0.018667496740818024,
-0.0008478271774947643,
-0.03548278287053108,
-0.01265152171254158,
0.04761411249637604,
-0.026096796616911888,
-0.13893434405326843,
0.019368082284927368,
-0.04497241601347923,
-0.021773507818579674,
-0.06998142600059509,
0.08088569343090057,
0.02859511785209179,
-0.11684910207986832,
0.04550681263208389,
-0.060757849365472794,
-0.02206842228770256,
-0.022281620651483536,
0.028154844418168068,
0.0320725254714489,
0.05654503032565117,
0.02425399422645569,
0.011901524849236012,
-0.035527586936950684,
-0.02590940147638321,
0.004808640107512474,
-0.02569407969713211,
-0.018006708472967148,
-0.0002789732243400067,
0.018301675096154213,
0.004472763277590275,
0.037839487195014954,
-0.01793373003602028,
0.015274197794497013,
-0.02023239992558956,
-0.029928650707006454,
-0.05633898824453354,
0.0725729763507843,
-0.10121762752532959,
0.04156125336885452,
0.030615204945206642,
0.04928271099925041,
-0.07760263234376907,
0.053580254316329956,
0.04433078691363335,
0.028092609718441963,
-0.003508559660986066,
-0.0019478675676509738,
-0.03705299645662308,
-0.030426835641264915,
0.029252681881189346,
-0.006722377147525549,
-0.02388899214565754,
-4.480450499499966e-8,
-0.03860959783196449,
0.017534853890538216,
0.03659924119710922,
0.09997963905334473,
0.1261909157037735,
-0.05443599447607994,
0.016891898587346077,
0.07649853080511093,
0.035698823630809784,
-0.07060182094573975,
0.04331004619598389,
-0.01398745272308588,
0.047607604414224625,
-0.044675182551145554,
0.09100997447967529,
0.015042564831674099,
-0.03746123984456062,
0.014741637744009495,
0.032503072172403336,
-0.054323598742485046,
0.005998712498694658,
0.05474554002285004,
0.004645730834454298,
0.09521538764238358,
0.03365373611450195,
0.03430139273405075,
0.021796895191073418,
0.01236780360341072,
0.04026418551802635,
0.02411327138543129,
0.05627261847257614,
-0.07151871174573898,
0.03203635290265083,
-0.030005570501089096,
-0.0009777176892384887,
-0.062288932502269745,
0.06429672241210938,
-0.006538941524922848,
-0.0008378644706681371,
0.003486380446702242,
-0.022734099999070168,
0.10918200016021729,
0.059213925153017044,
0.07036937773227692,
0.027208497747778893,
0.009259168989956379,
-0.08006525784730911,
-0.005058234091848135,
0.01103657390922308,
-0.04729561135172844,
-0.05879348888993263,
-0.07026125490665436,
0.09140059351921082,
0.044611185789108276,
-0.0463644340634346,
0.004859386011958122,
0.06239236518740654,
0.013826608657836914,
0.04188225790858269,
0.0199789647012949,
0.03972063958644867,
0.03705707937479019,
0.048037122935056686,
0.028371063992381096
] | {
"pdf_file": "IMCWQGTX5ERM655QS3VKX5ED2QZEZAKE.pdf",
"text": "BATCH_JOB\n# BATCH_JOB_ID\n* BATCH_JOB_NUMBER\n* BATCH_JOB_NAME\n* RUNNING_STATE\n* SUBMIT_DATE\n* CREATE_DATE\n* CREATE_USER\no START_DATE\no END_DAT E\no UPDATE_DATE\no UPDATE_USERBATCH_JOB_SECTIONS_NODES\n# BATCH_JOB_SECTION_NODE_ID\n* NODE_PROCESS_ID\n* CREATE_DATE\n* CREATE_USER\no UPDATE_DATE\no UPDATE_USER\nBATCH_JOB_SECTION\n# BATCH_JOB_SECTION_ID\n* BATCH_JOB_SECTION_NAME\n* RUNNING_STATE\n* NUMBER_OF_PROCESSES\n* CPU_CONSUMED\n* DESCRIPTION\n* CREATE_DATE\n* CREATE_USER\no START_DATE\no END_DAT E\no UPDATE_DATE\no UPDATE_USER\no OUT_DIRQUEUE\n# QUEUE_ID\n* QUEUE_NAME\n* CREATE_DATE\n* CREATE_USER\no UPDATE_DATE\no UPDATE_USER\nQUEUE_STATUS\n# QUEUE_STATUS\n* CREATE_DATE\n* CREATE_USER\no DESC\no UPDATE_DATE\no UPDATE_USERhave\ninvoke\nbelongtocontain\nbelongtocontain\nhave\nidentify"
} |
[
-0.03761067986488342,
0.004402552731335163,
0.09190040081739426,
-0.028112288564443588,
-0.03184576332569122,
0.018228089436888695,
-0.09613557159900665,
-0.0018484233878552914,
-0.010454104281961918,
0.020755013450980186,
0.005078531336039305,
0.018411977216601372,
-0.045995913445949554,
-0.05609807372093201,
-0.09061127156019211,
-0.03980943560600281,
-0.011937305331230164,
-0.10394325107336044,
-0.04717498645186424,
0.005433598067611456,
0.09524691849946976,
0.024763328954577446,
-0.007930338382720947,
0.003932608757168055,
0.027949433773756027,
0.02309308759868145,
-0.0217122882604599,
-0.04443385452032089,
0.005530910566449165,
-0.008111667819321156,
-0.03264707699418068,
0.00949703436344862,
0.08018145710229874,
0.0030241599306464195,
0.0008448334992863238,
0.04344084858894348,
0.07261016964912415,
0.026260748505592346,
-0.02685411088168621,
-0.046059079468250275,
-0.010678073391318321,
-0.06389370560646057,
0.036132123321294785,
0.039582159370183945,
0.003138967789709568,
-0.09488711506128311,
-0.05422583222389221,
-0.10033416748046875,
-0.04700944572687149,
0.03538414463400841,
0.0053691565990448,
-0.01892390288412571,
0.0869240090250969,
0.07206960767507553,
-0.032125797122716904,
0.07252370566129684,
0.024859454482793808,
-0.012010673061013222,
-0.06800542771816254,
-0.004935591481626034,
-0.11842255294322968,
0.06894133985042572,
-0.057735662907361984,
0.002187055302783847,
-0.1136850044131279,
0.03208314999938011,
-0.03775724768638611,
0.011945615522563457,
0.04309966415166855,
-0.01622200384736061,
-0.07762279361486435,
-0.018758613616228104,
0.012182408012449741,
-0.03159864991903305,
0.12245026975870132,
0.010237324051558971,
0.042354993522167206,
0.06985372304916382,
0.006403517909348011,
-0.09014638513326645,
0.02471456490457058,
0.019025031477212906,
0.024925198405981064,
-0.07562484592199326,
-0.04375351965427399,
0.00015341961989179254,
0.0034061858896166086,
0.027449699118733406,
0.06234385818243027,
-0.04288413003087044,
0.031804196536540985,
-0.040574826300144196,
-0.007412590552121401,
0.029631054028868675,
0.05741249397397041,
-0.03137243911623955,
-0.037198442965745926,
-0.08966802805662155,
0.010286982171237469,
0.03156072646379471,
-0.004208806436508894,
0.04828336462378502,
0.030357601121068,
-0.08248420804738998,
0.0014836365589872003,
-0.031313493847846985,
0.02229616604745388,
0.01973588392138481,
-0.0009503649198450148,
-0.021254945546388626,
0.0430569164454937,
-0.04466049000620842,
0.026087263599038124,
0.008258267305791378,
0.008398786187171936,
-0.02543775923550129,
-0.020792169496417046,
-0.0035014329478144646,
0.17105241119861603,
0.02519119903445244,
0.04251419007778168,
0.08800359815359116,
-0.029764050617814064,
-0.06804263591766357,
-0.027131903916597366,
-0.06783561408519745,
-0.07558532059192657,
1.2478614564787538e-32,
0.04328503459692001,
0.008073141798377037,
-0.015011797659099102,
0.06546129286289215,
-0.05132387951016426,
0.004323713015764952,
-0.0017570477211847901,
0.11084423214197159,
-0.03077278658747673,
0.02925857901573181,
0.04036770761013031,
0.08894115686416626,
-0.004028609953820705,
0.024735698476433754,
-0.00023849350691307336,
-0.00431024981662631,
-0.08139162510633469,
0.09070499241352081,
-0.020976116880774498,
0.08397683501243591,
0.031155861914157867,
-0.09367518872022629,
0.00870608165860176,
-0.03859015181660652,
0.07290242612361908,
-0.02776845172047615,
-0.03097234107553959,
0.07150307297706604,
0.07241535186767578,
-0.012545430101454258,
0.044413790106773376,
-0.05916963517665863,
0.003431872930377722,
-0.07559091597795486,
0.021862631663680077,
0.016363369300961494,
0.06618472933769226,
0.010781210847198963,
0.010380170308053493,
-0.05608696490526199,
-0.0027168840169906616,
0.017568858340382576,
0.07473757863044739,
-0.012587768957018852,
0.020723076537251472,
-0.003295192727819085,
0.07396021485328674,
-0.0478229783475399,
0.024128220975399017,
0.05029773712158203,
-0.10959257185459137,
-0.013281193561851978,
-0.03571975603699684,
-0.020738178864121437,
-0.1173739805817604,
-0.005107023287564516,
-0.006653916090726852,
0.03624860942363739,
-0.07862978428602219,
-0.058889079838991165,
0.010568604804575443,
-0.03178239241242409,
0.060970522463321686,
-0.04624151438474655,
-0.0415530689060688,
0.07163599133491516,
-0.09606418758630753,
0.005733806639909744,
0.055544689297676086,
0.012941488064825535,
-0.16366557776927948,
-0.026146085932850838,
0.007787792943418026,
0.028466451913118362,
0.10173502564430237,
-0.006032490637153387,
0.031400587409734726,
-0.04155087098479271,
0.053823892027139664,
0.014800358563661575,
-0.02392551675438881,
-0.02039514109492302,
0.03136381134390831,
0.005041595082730055,
0.008715626783668995,
0.06194280833005905,
0.016169534996151924,
0.025374583899974823,
0.06955941766500473,
-0.07336501777172089,
0.029603054746985435,
-0.006758732721209526,
-0.10360600054264069,
0.06293030083179474,
0.04391596466302872,
-1.418087144410031e-32,
0.0753314420580864,
0.09301741421222687,
-0.016964392736554146,
0.03694703057408333,
0.08720991015434265,
-0.010671857744455338,
0.004304691217839718,
0.03711463883519173,
0.1375780999660492,
-0.030244018882513046,
0.010269777849316597,
-0.019848978146910667,
-0.01689017564058304,
0.014497642405331135,
-0.01956678181886673,
-0.04502950236201286,
-0.044205158948898315,
-0.019133927300572395,
0.01834428310394287,
0.034812286496162415,
0.007892841473221779,
0.02135520800948143,
-0.06631315499544144,
-0.05505369231104851,
0.060600388795137405,
0.006028082687407732,
-0.00956527329981327,
0.008194738999009132,
-0.059607937932014465,
0.03208976611495018,
0.06588969379663467,
-0.002016780199483037,
-0.03350319713354111,
0.04779163375496864,
-0.15071450173854828,
-0.021378817036747932,
0.029256829991936684,
0.022919490933418274,
-0.0705094039440155,
0.004533218219876289,
0.11639562994241714,
-0.023165104910731316,
-0.0030425055883824825,
-0.02683628909289837,
-0.019066164270043373,
-0.008257679641246796,
-0.02311011217534542,
-0.035099346190690994,
-0.03524758666753769,
0.08046948164701462,
-0.11281587928533554,
-0.020267410203814507,
0.014893467538058758,
-0.001033279811963439,
0.07201439142227173,
-0.010021642781794071,
0.06321312487125397,
-0.02238926850259304,
-0.09692568331956863,
-0.02659505605697632,
-0.002335671801120043,
0.04352398216724396,
-0.02623457834124565,
-0.012426299974322319,
0.0374206118285656,
-0.09750252217054367,
0.0194056686013937,
0.02160714380443096,
-0.01356122549623251,
0.03160388395190239,
0.0069377124309539795,
0.0008811181178316474,
-0.021012283861637115,
-0.08980293571949005,
0.04092427343130112,
0.09354445338249207,
0.04921897500753403,
-0.04982531815767288,
-0.0831083133816719,
0.01660001464188099,
0.011304693296551704,
-0.042402055114507675,
0.004912802949547768,
0.058067239820957184,
-0.045250751078128815,
-0.010279225185513496,
0.07871534675359726,
-0.00521051837131381,
-0.00288448017090559,
0.020679960027337074,
-0.012584991753101349,
-0.01609846204519272,
0.016657868400216103,
0.030959827825427055,
0.053725652396678925,
-6.234164118268382e-8,
0.03153392672538757,
0.027059393003582954,
-0.14481063187122345,
0.03927435353398323,
0.05789743363857269,
-0.049927935004234314,
-0.0652669221162796,
-0.00733435433357954,
-0.014670909382402897,
-0.0410393550992012,
0.015022224746644497,
0.03329427167773247,
0.0038768844678997993,
-0.09952113777399063,
0.04225539416074753,
0.017183510586619377,
-0.0592762716114521,
-0.05483384057879448,
-0.064572773873806,
-0.0022086775861680508,
-0.04677306488156319,
-0.05325516685843468,
-0.054759763181209564,
-0.016548655927181244,
0.00029595609521493316,
0.0519929938018322,
0.009513908065855503,
0.10760001093149185,
-0.05724206939339638,
-0.006379550788551569,
0.017186956480145454,
0.011334124952554703,
-0.05853121727705002,
-0.09356869757175446,
-0.0000018967871255881619,
-0.025551700964570045,
-0.030353084206581116,
-0.018633930012583733,
0.0412537157535553,
0.03482729569077492,
0.035183344036340714,
-0.09047236293554306,
0.01624756120145321,
-0.009323658421635628,
0.044633910059928894,
0.06405190378427505,
-0.12397504597902298,
0.07976461946964264,
0.06507714837789536,
-0.023499595001339912,
0.002431833418086171,
0.0020333020947873592,
-0.04905692860484123,
-0.10737523436546326,
0.08804747462272644,
0.01994042843580246,
0.025734446942806244,
-0.02064787968993187,
0.0027866072487086058,
-0.03371574729681015,
0.05844844877719879,
-0.06650391966104507,
-0.01495971530675888,
-0.0329427532851696
] | {
"pdf_file": "HXOV2RQJRHU5PDC4PRLJJLU2RT4PSSLV.pdf",
"text": "Delivering Aid\n in the 21st Century:\nBeyond Standard TermsDelivering AidDelivering Aid\n in the 21 in the 21 stst Century: Century:\nBeyond Standard TermsBeyond Standard Terms\nFred Sellers\nOffice of Postsecondary Education\nU.S. Department of Education\nRevisions as of April 13, 2004 2\nOverview\n§ Getting Started\n§ Pell and Loan Basic Requirements\n§ Case Studies\nt Standard Terms\nt Nonstandard Terms\nt Nonterm\n§ Additional handouts:\nt Toolbox\nt Additional Case Studies 3\nOverview\nFocus\n§ Federal Pell Grant Program\n§ Loan Programs: FFEL and DL\n§ How to determine payment amounts and\n when to make disbursements 4\nOverview\nExpectations/ Frustrations\n§ What can you expect from this session?\n§ Is there information that you may not get\n from this session?\n§ What you can expect from me and other ED\n personnel? 5\nGetting StartedGetting Started 6\nFor Each Academic Program\n§Academic calendar\n§Program’s weeks of instructional time\n§Definitions for Title IV\n§Payment periods\n§Loan periodsGetting Started 7\nGetting Started\nFor Each Academic Program\n§Academic calendar\n 66 Term using credit hours\n– Standard Term\n– Nonstandard Term\n 66 Nonterm credit hour\n 66 Clock hour – term and nonterm 8\nFor Each Academic Program\n§Program’s weeks of instructional time\n 66 Definition of a week of instructional time\n 66 Relationship to calendar timeGetting Started 9\nFor Each Academic Program\n§Definitions for Title IV\n 66 Academic year\n Weeks of instructional time\n Hours (for undergraduate) – clock or credit\n 66 Full-time for terms or programGetting Started 10\nFor Each Academic Program\n§Payment periods\n 66 Terms using credit hours\n 66 Nonterm with credit hours\n 66 Clock-hoursGetting Started 11\nFor Each Academic Program\n§Loan periods – with terms as payment periods\n 66 Standard-term programs\n 66 Nonstandard-term programs with terms substantially\n equal in length (all terms within two weeks of\n instructional time in length)\n§Loan periods – without payment periods\n 66 Nonstandard-term programs with terms unequal in\n length\n 66 Nonterm credit-hour programs\n 66 Clock-hour programsGetting Started 12\nPell and Loan\nBasic RequirementsPell and Loan\nBasic Requirements 13\nProgram Requirements\nFederal Pell Grant Program\n§ Use Scheduled Award as basis for student’s\n Pell for an award year\n§ Calculate payments of a student’s award by\n payment period\n§ Disburse payments by payment period 14\nProgram Requirements\nPell Formulas\n§ Calculate payments for payment periods\n§ Award a grant “evenly” across defined academic\n year – both measures\n§ Consider weeks then hours in determining\n payments for payment periods\n§ Encourage educational programs offered in\n reasonable timeframes 15\nPell Formulas\n1 & 2 Standard term – traditional school calendars\n3 Any term-based credit-hour program\n4 Clock-hour and nonterm credit-hour programs\n5 Correspondence programsProgram Requirements 16\nProgram Requirements\nLoan Programs - FFEL and DL\n§ Consider\nt Payment periods\nt Weeks of instructional time\nt Calendar time\nt Credit or clock hours\n§ May determine\nt Loan period\nt Delivery of proceeds\nt Loan maximums 17\nLoan Programs - FFEL and DL: loan periods\n§ Award loans based on loan periods.\n§ Scheduled Academic Year: traditional-calendar\n standard-term programs may use.\n§ Borrower-based Academic Year: all others must\n use.Program Requirements 18\nLoan Programs - FFEL and DL: payment amounts\n§Traditional standard term programs and credit-hour\nprograms with terms substantially equal in length\n 66 Divide loan proceeds evenly by the payment periods (the\n terms) in the loan period\n§Clock-hour programs, nonterm credit-hour\nprograms, or programs with unequal nonstandard\nterms\n 6 Schedule loan proceeds to be disbursed in substantially\n equal disbursementsProgram Requirements 19\nLoan Programs - FFEL and DL: delivery\n§Traditional standard term programs and credit-\nhour programs with terms substantially equal in\nlength\n 66 Deliver loan proceeds by payment period\n§Clock-hour programs, nonterm credit-hour\nprograms, or programs with unequal nonstandard\nterms\n 66 Deliver n o more than one-half of loan until student\n reaches (1) the calendar midpoint between the first and\n last scheduled days of the loan period and (2) completes\n half the coursework of the loan periodProgram Requirements 20\nLoan Programs - FFEL and DL: delivery\n§Multiple disbursements\n§30-calendar-day delay of the first disbursement\n for first-time, first-year undergraduate borrowerProgram Requirements 21\nIssues for Standard Term, Nonstandard Term,\nand Nonterm Programs\n§Measures of academic progress\n§Payment period\n§Enrollment status\n§Pell payments and disbursements\n§Loan periods, loan limits, and deliveryProgram Requirements 22\nNonstandard TermsNonstandard Terms 23\nAcademic Progress\n§ The number of credit hours attempted\n (for loans, only for nonstandard terms that are\n substantially equal in length)\nPayment Period\n§ A termNonstandard Terms 24\nEnrollment Status\n§Enrollment status for an undergraduate program\nmust be calculated for each term based on—\n 66 Academic year in weeks and hours, and\n 66 Weeks of instructional time in the term.\n§In calculating full-time and other enrollment\nstatuses, all fractions are rounded up (even if less\nthan ½).Nonstandard Terms 25\nEnrollment Status\nStep 1 Full-time\n Credit hours in\n the academic year rr\n Credit hours\n taken by student\n in the term÷ Credit hours required\n for full-time status for the\n term (as determined above) Step 2 Determining less-than-full-time enrollment statusNonstandard Terms\n Weeks of instructional\n time in the term\nWeeks of instructional time in\nprogram’s definition of\nacademic year 26\nEnrollment Status\n§ Pell\n6 Must recalculate if student does not begin attendance in\n all classes\n§ Loans\n6 Are not required to recalculate loan need based on a\n change in enrollment status after loan certification\n6 May not deliver undisbursed proceeds if the student\n drops below half-timeNonstandard Terms 27\nPell Formula\n§ Pell formula 3Nonstandard Terms 28\nFFEL and DL – Loan Period\n§ The minimum loan period is generally the lesser of\n the academic year or program. May be greater than\n an academic year.\n§ If the terms are substantially equal, the loan period\n may be a term.\n§ A loan period may not exceed 12 calendar months.Nonstandard Terms 29\nFFEL and DL – Delivery\n§ If terms are substantially equal in length, delivery\n is in substantially equal amounts by payment\n period, i. e., by term.\n§ If a loan period is one payment period, there must\n be at least two deliveries of loan proceeds.\n Second delivery is after the calendar midpoint\n between the loan period’s first and last scheduled\n days of class.Nonstandard Terms 30\nFFEL and DL – Delivery\n§ If terms are not substantially equal in length,\n delivery is not by payment period.\n§ Delivery of the second half of the loan proceeds\n after the later of--\n6 The calendar midpoint between the first and last\n scheduled days of the loan period; or\n66 The date that the student has completed half of the\n academic coursework in the loan period.Nonstandard Terms 31\nExample – Undergraduate Certificate Program\n§ Academic calendar = 24 weeks of instructional time\n and 22 semester hours offered over 3 nonstandard\n terms\n§ Academic calendar has a two-calendar-week holiday\n between the first two terms.Nonstandard Terms\n6 weeks\n4 cr 3 cr 3 cr 3 cr9 weeks\n 3 cr 3 cr 3 cr9 weeksTerm 1 Term 2 Term 3 32\n§ Payment periods =\n 66 9-week term - 9 credits\n 66 9-week term - 9 credits\n 66 6-week term - 4 credits\n§ Academic year = 24 semester hours and 30 weeks of\n instructional timeNonstandard Terms\nExample – Undergraduate Certificate Program\n6 weeks\n4 cr 3 cr 3 cr 3 cr9 weeks\n 3 cr 3 cr 3 cr9 weeksTerm 1 Term 2 Term 3\nThree 3-credit, 3-week courses\ntaken sequentially in each term 33\n Example – Undergraduate Certificate Program\n24 semester hours\n(in the defined\nacademic year)rrWeeks of instructional time in\nthe payment period\n30 weeks of instructional\ntime (in the defined\nacademic year)Nonstandard Terms\n§ Calculate full-time enrollment status for each term6 weeks\n4 cr 3 cr 3 cr 3 cr9 weeks\n 3 cr 3 cr 3 cr9 weeksTerm 1 Term 2 Term 3 34\n Nonstandard Terms\nRound up to 8 semester\nhours required for full-time\n 30 24 6= 4.8 crr 24 9\n 30 = 7.2 cr r Example – Undergraduate Certificate Program\n§ Full-time enrollment status for each term6 weeks\n4 cr 3 cr 3 cr 3 cr9 weeks\n 3 cr 3 cr 3 cr9 weeksTerm 1 Term 2 Term 3\n 24 9\n 30 = 7.2 cr rRound up to 8 semester\nhours required for full-time\nRound up to 5 semester\nhours required for full-time\nNote: Only 4 semester hours in the third term.\n 4 (hours attending) /5 (hours for full-time) = .8.\n Student is three-quarter time for the third term. 35\n§ Pell payment for a payment period\nAnnual Weeks of instructional time\nAward in the payment period = Payment for the\n Weeks of instructional time payment period\n in the academic yearExample – Undergraduate Certificate ProgramNonstandard Terms\nPell\nr6 weeks\n4 cr 3 cr 3 cr 3 cr9 weeks\n 3 cr 3 cr 3 cr9 weeksTerm 1 Term 2 Term 3 36\nNonstandard Terms\nPell\n$4,000 9 = $1,200\n 30\n$4,000 9 = $1,200\n 30\n$3,000 6 = $ 600\n 30r\nr\nrExample – Undergraduate Certificate Program\n6 weeks\n4 cr 3 cr 3 cr 3 cr9 weeks\n 3 cr 3 cr 3 cr9 weeksTerm 1 Term 2 Term 3\n§ For Pell, Student A has a $4,000 Scheduled Award\n and attends all classes in each term. 37\n§ Pell disbursements are for each nonstandard term.\n§ Student A completes the program and receives\n $3,000 of the $4,000 Scheduled Award\n ($1,200 + $1,200 + $600 for each payment period)Nonstandard Terms\nPell\nStart date Week 10\n2nd Pell\ndisbursement Example – Undergraduate Certificate Program\n6 weeks\n4 cr 3 cr 3 cr 3 cr9 weeks\n 3 cr 3 cr 3 cr9 weeksTerm 1 Term 2 Term 3\nWeek 19\n3rd Pell\ndisbursement1st Pell\ndisbursement 38\nNonstandard Terms\nPell\nStart date\n1st Pell\ndisbursementWeek 10\n2nd Pell\ndisbursement Example – Undergraduate Certificate Program\n6 weeks\n4 cr 3 cr 3 cr 3 cr9 weeks\n 3 cr 3 cr 3 cr9 weeksTerm 1 Term 2 Term 3\nWeek 19\n3rd Pell\ndisbursement\n§ In each payment period, an institution may use\n multiple disbursements to best meet the student’s\n need.\n§ Disbursements within a payment period may be\n unequal. 39\n Example – Undergraduate Certificate Program\n§ The loan period is the length of the program.\n§ The loan limit is prorated by the lesser of:\n or\n§ 24/30 is the lesser fraction.Nonstandard Terms\nLoans\n6 weeks\n4 cr 3 cr 3 cr 3 cr9 weeks\n 3 cr 3 cr 3 cr9 weeksTerm 1 Term 2 Term 3\nHours\nenrolled ( 22)\nHours in defined\nacademic year ( 24)Weeks in\nprogram ( 24)\nWeeks in defined\nacademic year ( 30) 40\n§ Student A’s second disbursement after\n earning half the hours in the program (11 credit\n hours) and passing calendar midpoint:\n 66 12 credits after 1 st module of 2 nd term\n 66 Passes calendar midpoint (after 13 calendar weeks\n from the start date) during 2 nd module of 2 nd termNonstandard Terms\nLoans\n Example – Undergraduate Certificate Program\nStart date\n1st Loan\ndisbursementMidpoint\n2nd Loan\ndisbursement6 weeks\n4 cr 3 cr 3 cr 3 cr9 weeks\n 3 cr 3 cr 3 cr9 weeksTerm 1 Term 2 Term 3 41\n§ Pell and loan disbursements do not coincide.Nonstandard Terms\nPell and Loans\n Example – Undergraduate Certificate Program\nStart date\n1st Pell\ndisbursement\n1st Loan\ndisbursementWeek 10 2nd\nPell\ndisbursement6 weeks\n4 cr 3 cr 3 cr 3 cr9 weeks\n 3 cr 3 cr 3 cr9 weeksTerm 1 Term 2 Term 3\nWeek 19\n3rd Pell\ndisbursementMidpoint\n2nd Loan\ndisbursement 42\nNonstandard Terms\nExample – Undergraduate Certificate Program\n6 weeks\n4 cr 3 cr 3 cr 3 cr9 weeks\n 3 cr 3 cr 3 cr9 weeksTerm 1 Term 2 Term 3\n§ Student B also is expected to attend all classes in\n each term. The student also has a $4,000\n Scheduled Award and is receiving a loan.\n§ Student B completes first module, then drops the\n last two of the 2 nd term.Drops last\ntwo modules 43\n§ Student B received 2 nd $1,200 Pell disbursement at\n the beginning of the 2 nd term.\n§ Must recalculate payment for 2 nd payment period\n as a less-than-half-time student.\n§ Payment is now $300: $1,000 9 = $300\n 30Nonstandard Terms\nPell\nExample – Undergraduate Certificate Program\n6 weeks\n4 cr 3 cr 3 cr 3 cr9 weeks\n 3 cr 3 cr 3 cr9 weeksTerm 1 Term 2 Term 3\nStart date\n1st Pell\ndisbursement\nrWeek 10\n 2nd Pell\ndisbursementDrops last\ntwo modules 44\nNonstandard Terms\nLoans\nExample – Undergraduate Certificate Program\n6 weeks\n4 cr 3 cr 3 cr 3 cr9 weeks\n 3 cr 3 cr 3 cr9 weeksTerm 1 Term 2 Term 3\n§ Student B does not receive 2 nd loan disbursement.Midpoint Start date\n1st Loan\ndisbursementDrops last\ntwo modules 45\n§ Each time a disbursement is made, institution\n must confirm student eligibility, e.g., half-time\n enrollment status for loans.\n§ No return of title IV; student completed a course.Nonstandard Terms\nPell and Loans\nExample – Undergraduate Certificate Program\n6 weeks\n4 cr 3 cr 3 cr 3 cr9 weeks\n 3 cr 3 cr 3 cr9 weeksTerm 1 Term 2 Term 3\nWeek 10\n 2nd Pell\ndisbursementMidpoint Drops last\ntwo modulesStart date\n1st Pell\ndisbursement\n1st Loan\ndisbursement 46\nNonterm ProgramsNonterm Programs 47\nAcademic Progress\n§ Progress is measured by the number of credit\n hours or clock hours successfully completed .\nPayment Period\n§ Payment periods are divisions of the academic\n program based on hours and, if credit hours,\n weeks of instructional time.Nonterm 48\nEnrollment Status\n§Full-time = academic year definition\n§Pell: less-than-half-time for cost of attendance\n§Loans: at least half-time for determining eligibilityNonterm 49\nPell Formula\n§Pell formula 4 must be used.Nonterm 50\nFFEL and DL - Loan Period\n§The minimum loan period is the lesser of—\n66 The academic year, or\n66 The length of the program.\n§If an educational program is greater than an\nacademic year in length, the remaining portion of\nthe student’s program that is less than an academic\nyear in length may be a loan period.\n§A loan period may not exceed 12 calendar months.Nonterm 51\nFFEL and DL - Delivery\n§The school may not deliver the second half of the\nloan proceeds until the later of—\n 66 The calendar midpoint between the first and\n last scheduled days of the loan period; or\n 66 The date that the student has completed half of the\n academic coursework in the loan period.Nonterm 52\nExample – Nonterm Bachelor’s Program (self-paced)\n§Academic calendar = nonterm, 120 semester hours,\nself-paced\n§Academic year = 24 semester hours and 40 weeks of\ninstructional time\n§Full-time = 24 semester hours over 40 weeks of\ninstructional timeNonterm 53\nExample – Nonterm Bachelor’s Program (self-paced)Nonterm\n12 semester hours\n20 weeks12 semester hours\n20 weeks\n§Payment period = 12 semester hours and 20 weeks of\ninstructional time.\n§Most full-time students are completing the hours in\nthe defined academic year in 40 weeks of instructional\ntime. 54\nNonterm\n§Formula 4 Pell payment for a payment period\ncalculation\nStep 1\n \nDetermining a student ’s Scheduled AwardExample – Nonterm Bachelor’s Program (self-paced) 55\nNonterm\nStep 2\n \nMultiplying the Scheduled Award by the lesser of\neither “one” or the following fraction:\nThe number of weeks of instructional\n time required for a full-time student\n to complete the lesser of the clock or credit hours\nin the program or the academic year\n The number of weeks of instructional time\n in the program ’s academic year\n Example – Nonterm Bachelor’s Program (self-paced) 56\nNonterm\n \nStep 3\n \nThe result of Step 2 multiplied by:\n \n The number of credit or clock hours\n in a payment period\n = payment for\n The number of credit or clock hours a payment\n in the program ’s academic year periodExample – Nonterm Bachelor’s Program (self-paced) 57\nNonterm\n§Student with a Scheduled Award of $4,000\n§Payment for a payment period calculation\nStep 1\nScheduled Award = $4,000\nStep 2\n 40 $4000 = $4,000\n 40rrExample – Nonterm Bachelor’s Program (self-paced) 58\nNonterm\nStep 3\n12 $4,000 = $2,000\n24rrExample – Nonterm Bachelor’s Program (self-paced) 59\nNonterm\n12 semester hours\n20 weeks12 semester hours\n20 weeks\n§Student completes 12 semester hours in 15 weeks of\ninstructional time.\n§School may disburse second Pell only after the student\ncompletes 20 weeks of instructional time.Week 15 Week 20 Start date\n1st Pell\ndisbursement2nd Pell\ndisbursementExample – Nonterm Bachelor’s Program (self-paced) 60\nNonterm\n12 semester hours\n20 weeks12 semester hours\n20 weeks\n§The loan period is based on using a BBAY.\n§The loan period is the calendar-time period in\nwhich the student is expected to complete an\nacademic year.Example – Nonterm Bachelor’s Program (self-paced) 61\nNonterm\n§As a transfer student with an overlapping loan period from the\nprior enrollment, the student is eligible for an amount\ndetermined by subtracting the gross amount received at the\nprior institution from the loan limit for the new loan.\n§Since the program must use BBAY, and institution must certify\nthe reduced loan amount for an academic year.Week 20Start dateExample – Nonterm Bachelor’s Program (self-paced)\n12 semester hours\n20 weeks12 semester hours\n20 weeks\nWeek 15loan period before transfer 62\nNonterm\n§The calendar midpoint of the loan period is at the end\nof the 20 th week of instructional time.\n§The school may deliver the second loan disbursement\nafter the calendar midpoint of the loan period.Week 20\nMidpoint 2 nd\nloan\ndisbursementStart date\n1st loan\ndisbursementExample – Nonterm Bachelor’s Program (self-paced)\n12 semester hours\n20 weeks12 semester hours\n20 weeks\nWeek 15 63\nNonterm\n§2nd Pell and loan disbursements coincide.Example – Nonterm Bachelor’s Program (self-paced)\n12 semester hours\n20 weeks12 semester hours\n20 weeks\nWeek 20\n2nd Pell\ndisbursement\nMidpoint\n2nd loan\ndisbursementStart date\n1st Pell\ndisbursement\n1st loan\ndisbursementWeek 15 64\nFred Sellers\nPolicy, Planning and Innovation\nOffice of Postsecondary Education\n(202) 502-7502\nfred.sellers@ed.govContact Information 65\nToolboxToolbox 66\nWeek of Instructional Time\nRecent Regulatory Changes – Academic Year\n§ November 1, 2002 regulations\n§ Academic year = at least:\n 66 30 weeks of instructional time, and\n 66 If an undergraduate program, 24 semester hours,\n 36 quarter hours, or 900 clock hours\n§ Revised definition of a week of instructional time\n§ Elimination of 12-hour rule 67\nWeek of Instructional Time\nRecent Regulatory Changes – Weeks\n§ A “week of instructional time” ( for all programs ) =\n 7 consecutive days in which at least one day of\n regularly scheduled instruction, examinations, or\n preparation for examinations occurs\n§ Instructional time ¹¹ periods of orientation, counseling,\n vacation, or other activity not related to class\n preparation or examination 68\nTerm and Nonterm\nAcademic CalendarsTerm and Nonterm\nAcademic Calendars 69\nTerm and Nonterm\nA Term\n§ Definition: A discrete period of time during which\n all courses in the term are scheduled to begin and\n end\n§ A segment of a program’s academic calendar\n divided into separate segments\n§ Within a term: full-length courses, compressed\n courses or modules, courses offered sequentially 70\nTerm and Nonterm\nAcademic calendar no longer term-based\n§ All classes do not start and stop within the same\n dates. 71\nTerm and Nonterm\nStandard Term\n§ A traditional semester, quarter, or trimester\n§ Academic progress: always measured in semester\n or quarter credit hours 72\nTerm and Nonterm\nStandard Term - Semesters and Trimesters\n§ Length: approximately 15 weeks of instructional\n time\n§ Academic progress: measured in semester hours\n§ Full-time: at least 12 semester hours\n§ Academic calendar: usually 3 terms - fall, spring,\n and often summer 73\nTerm and Nonterm\nStandard Term – Quarters\n§Length: approximately 10-12 weeks of instructional\n time\n§Academic progress: measured in quarter hours\n§Full-time: at least 12 quarter hours\n§Academic calendar: usually 3 quarters in fall, winter,\n and spring and often a summer\n quarter 74\nTerm and Nonterm\nNonstandard Term\n§Does not meet requirements for a standard term\n§May be the length of a standard term but academic\nprogress not measured with the appropriate credit\nhours, e.g., a quarter using semester hours 75\nTerm and Nonterm\nNonterm Programs\n§ Courses do not all begin and end within a\n discrete period of time and may—\nu Contain self-paced or independent study\n courses without fixed timeframes; or\nu Consist of sequential courses that do not have\n to begin and end within a term.\n§ Clock-hour programs are always treated as nonterm. 76\nNonterm Payment\nPeriodsNonterm Payment\nPeriods 77\nPayment Period Definition\nRecent Regulatory Changes – Payment Period\n§ For nonterm credit-hour programs:\n 66 Added weeks of instructional time in addition to hours\n§ For clock-hour programs:\n 66 Continue only to use hours 78\nPayment Periods for Nonterm Programs\n§ A program one academic year or less in length\n (if one measure is equal to or less than an academic\n year)\n6 First payment period, the first half of\n§ The hours in the program, and\n§ If a credit-hour program, the weeks of\n instructional time in the program\n6 Second payment period, the second half of\n§ The hours in the program, and\n§ If a credit-hour program, the weeks of\n instructional time in the programPayment Period Definition 79\nPayment Periods for Nonterm Programs\n§ A program with more than one academic year, the\n first academic year and any subsequent full\n academic year\n6 First payment period, first half of\n§ The hours in the academic year, and\n§ If a credit-hour program, the weeks\n of instructional time in the academic year\n6 Second payment period, the second half of\n§ The hours in the academic year, and\n§ If a credit-hour program, the weeks\n of instructional time in the academic yearPayment Period Definition 80\n Payment Periods for Nonterm Programs\n§ Remainder of a program more than one-half an\n academic year (both measures), but less than a\n complete academic year (one or both measures), in\n length\n6 First payment period, the first half of\n§ The remaining hours in the program, and\n§ If a credit-hour program, the remaining weeks of\n instructional time in the program\n6 Second payment period, the second half of\n§ The remaining hours in the program, and\n§ If a credit-hour program, the remaining weeks of\n instructional time in the programPayment Period Definition 81\n Payment Periods for Nonterm Programs\n§ For the remainder of a program not more than\n half an academic year in length (one or both\n measures)\n 66 The payment period is the remainder of that program.Payment Period Definition 82\nEnrollment StatusEnrollment Status 83\nStandard Terms\nStatus Minimum hours\nFull-time 12 credit hours per term\nThree-quarter-time 9 credit hours per term\nHalf-time 6 credit hours per term\nLess-than-half-time Less than half the workload of\n the minimum full-time\n requirementEnrollment Status 84\nNonstandard term\nStep 1 Full-time\n Credit hours in\n the academic year rr\n Credit hours\n taken by student\n in the term÷ Credit hours required\n for full-time status for the\n term (as determined above) Step 2 Determining less-than-full-time enrollment statusEnrollment Status\n Weeks of instructional\n time in the term\nWeeks of instructional time in\nprogram’s definition of\nacademic year 85\nNontermEnrollment Status\n§ Full-time equals defined academic year, i.e.,\n attends the hours of the academic year in the\n weeks of instructional time of the academic\n year. 86\nPell FormulasPell Formulas 87\nProgram Requirements\nFederal Pell Grant Program Formulas\n§ Award Pell “evenly” across defined academic\n year – both measures\n§ Consider the weeks of instructional time in the\n program first, then the credit or clock hours in\n determining payments for payment periods\n§ Add incentives for institutions to offer\n educational programs in reasonable timeframes\n to ensure a favorable learning environment 88\nFederal Pell Grant Program Formulas\n1 Standard term\n 66 Credit-hour\n 66 Fall through spring terms = at least 30\n weeks of instructional time\n 66 Full-time = at least 12 hours for all terms\n 66 No overlapping terms\n2 Standard term\n66 Credit-hour\n 66 Fall through spring terms = less than 30\n weeks of instructional time\n 66 Full-time = at least 12 hours for all terms\n 66 No overlapping termsProgram Requirements 89\nFederal Pell Grant Program Formulas\n3 Any term-based credit-hour program including\n nonstandard-term credit-hour programs\n4 Clock-hour and nonterm credit-hour programs\n5 Correspondence programsProgram Requirements 90\nStandard TermsStandard Terms 91\nAcademic Progress\n§ The number of credit hours attempted\nPayment Period\n§ Quarter, trimester, or semesterStandard Terms 92\nEnrollment Status\n§ Pell\n6 Must recalculate if student does not begin attendance in\n all classes\n§ Loans\n6 Are not required to recalculate loan need based on a\n change in enrollment status after loan certification\n6 May not deliver undisbursed proceeds if the student\n drops below half-timeStandard Terms 93\nPell Formula\n§ Pell formula 3 – nontraditional\n calendars must useStandard Terms 94\nFFEL and DL – Loan Period\n§ The minimum loan period generally is a term.\n§ A loan period may not exceed 12 calendar months.Standard Terms 95\nFFEL and DL – Delivery\n§ If a loan period is more than one payment period,\n deliver loan proceeds at least once in each payment\n period.\n§ If a loan period is one payment period, must be\n at least two deliveries of loan proceeds during that\n payment period. No second delivery until the\n calendar midpoint between the first and last\n scheduled days of class of the loan period.Standard Terms 96\n§ A two-semester certificate program.\n§ The first term has 16 weeks of instructional time, and\n the second term has 15 weeks of instructional time.\n§ A new cohort of students starts on the first weekday of\n each month.Standard Terms\nExample – nontraditional semester program\n16 weeks 15 weeks 97\n§ Academic year = 24 semester hours and 30 weeks of\n instructional time\n§ Full-time = 12 semester hoursStandard Terms\n16 weeks 15 weeksExample – nontraditional semester program 98\n§ Student enrolls for 12 semester hours in each\n term.\n§ Student has $1,000 Pell Scheduled Award.Standard Terms\nExample – nontraditional semester program\n12 hours\n16 weeks12 hours\n15 weeks 99\n§Pell formula 3\n6Payment for payment period =\n 16/30 ´´ Scheduled Award (1 st term)\n $533 – at least two disbursements required: $500 and $33\n 15/30 ´´ Scheduled Award (2 nd term)\n $500 – disburse only $467 of Scheduled Award remainingStandard Terms\nPell\nExample – nontraditional semester program\n12 hours\n16 weeks12 hours\n15 weeks\nStart date\n1st Pell 2nd term\n3rd PellWeek 16\n2nd Pell 100\n§Loan period = two terms\n§One-half of loan proceeds for each termStandard Terms\nLoans\nExample – nontraditional semester program\n12 hours\n16 weeks12 hours\n15 weeks\nStart date\n1st Loan2nd term\n2nd Loan 101\nStandard Terms\nPell and Loans\n§ Pell and loan disbursements do not all coincide.\n§ Pell disbursements are unequal.Example – nontraditional semester program\n12 hours - only begins 6 hours\n16 weeks12 hours\n15 weeks\nStart date\n1st Pell\n1st Loan2nd term\n3rd Pell\n2nd LoanWeek 16\n2nd Pell 102\nAdditional Case StudiesAdditional Case Studies 103\nPoints Illustrated\n§Clock-hour example\n§Payment periods only in hours\n§Determination of weeks of instructional time to\ncomplete the hours in the defined academic year\n§Reduced Pell disbursement to assure do not exceed\nScheduled Award\n§Calendar midpoint drives 2 nd loan disbursement\n§Options on loan periodsAdditional Case #1 104\nExample – Nonterm Undergraduate Certificate Program\n§Academic calendar = 1200 clock hours over 30\nweeks of instructional time\n§Academic year = 900 clock hours and 30 weeks of\ninstructional time\n§Full-time = 24 clock hours per week of instructional\ntime\n§Pell Scheduled Award = $1,000Additional Case #1 105\nExample – Nonterm Undergraduate Certificate ProgramAdditional Case #1\n§Payment periods = 450 clock hours, 450 clock hours,\nand 300 clock hours\n§Loan period must be for the program.450 clock\n hours450 clock\nhours300 clock\nhours 106\nExample – Nonterm Undergraduate Certificate Program\n§Program is not self-paced.\n§For Pell full-time students are completing the hours\nin the academic year in 23 weeks of instructional\ntime.\n 900/1200 30 = 23 (22.5 rounded up)\n hours in academic year weeks of instructional time\n hours in the program in the programAdditional Case #1\nrr\nrr 107\nAdditional Case #1\n§Payment for a payment period calculation for first\ntwo payment periods\nStep 1\n Scheduled Award = $1,000\nStep 2\n 23 $1,000 = $766.66\n 30\nStep 3\n 450 $766.66 = $383.33\n 900rr\nrrExample – Nonterm Undergraduate Certificate Program 108\nAdditional Case #1\nStep 1\nScheduled Award = $1000\nStep 2\n 23 $1,000 = $766.66\n 30\nStep 3\n 300 $766.66 = $255.56\n 900rr\nrr§Payment for a payment period calculation for third\npayment periodExample – Nonterm Undergraduate Certificate Program 109\nAdditional Case #1\n§Second Pell disbursement after student completes 450 clock\nhours, and third disbursement after 900 clock hours.\n§If in same award year, Pell third disbursement is reduced to\n$233.34.\n§Second loan disbursement is after reaching the calendar\nmidpoint and 600 clock hours.450 clock\n hours450 clock\nhours300 clock\nhours\n1st Pell\nDisbursement\n1st loan\ndisbursement2nd Pell\ndisbursement3rd Pell\ndisbursement2nd loan\ndisbursementExample – Nonterm Undergraduate Certificate Program 110\nPoints IllustratedAdditional Case #2\n§Program less than an academic year in length\nbecause one measure is less than an academic year\n§Proration of maximum loan amount 111\nExample – Nonterm Undergraduate Certificate Program\n§Academic calendar = 30 quarter hours over 30 weeks\nof instructional time\n§Academic year = 36 quarter hours and 30 weeks of\ninstructional timeAdditional Case #2 112\n§Program < academic year in length\n§Two payment periods\n§Maximum loan amount prorated by 30/36 ; lesser of\n wks in program/wks in ac yr\n or\n hrs in program/hrs in ac yrAdditional Case #2\n15 quarter hours\n15 weeks15 quarter hours\n15 weeksExample – Nonterm Undergraduate Certificate Program 113\nPoints Illustrated\n§Determination of weeks of instructional time to\ncomplete the hours in the defined academic year\n§Reduced Pell disbursement due to compressed\ncoursework by most full-time students\n§No Pell disbursement for payment period for final\nhours of a program for most full-time students\n§Reduced loan maximum for program completed in\nless than an academic yearAdditional Case #3 114\nExample – Nonterm Undergraduate Certificate Program\n§Academic calendar = nonterm; 30 semester hours;\nself-paced\n§Academic year = 24 semester hours and 30 weeks of\ninstructional time\n§Full-time = 24 semester hours over 30 weeks of\ninstructional time\n§Pell Scheduled Award = $1,000Additional Case #3 115\nAdditional Case #3\n§Payment periods = 2 payment periods of 12 hours\nand 15 weeks of instructional time\n§Third payment period = 6 hours and 8 weeks (must\nimpute weeks but are not relevant)\n 6 (hrs in pp)/24 (hrs in ac yr) X 30 (wks in ac yr) = 7.5 (wks in pp)12 hours\n15 weeks12 hours\n15 weeks6 hours\n8 weeksExample – Nonterm Undergraduate Certificate Program 116\n§The school reviews the completion time of its full-time\nstudents for the prior award year and determines:\n61 student completed program in 21 weeks of instructional\ntime, 2 in 23, 4 in 24, 2 in 25, and 1 in 27 weeks.\n6The school averages the student completions:\n 240 weeks/10 students = 24 weeks of instructional time\n for most full-time students to\n complete the programAdditional Case #3\nExample – Nonterm Undergraduate Certificate Program 117\n§The completion time for the program of 24 weeks of\ninstructional time affects both Pell and loans:\n6For Pell, affects the calculation of payments for a payment\nperiod\n6For loans, affects loan period and loan amount.Additional Case #3\nExample – Nonterm Undergraduate Certificate Program 118\n§For Pell full-time students are completing the hours in\nthe academic year in 20 weeks of instructional time .\n 24/30 24 = 19.2 (round up to 20)\n hours in academic year weeks of instructional time\n hours in the program for most full-time students to\n complete the hours in the\n programAdditional Case #3\nrr\nrrExample – Nonterm Undergraduate Certificate Program 119\nAdditional Case #3\n§Pell payment for a payment period calculation for\nthe first two payment periods\nStep 1\n Scheduled Award = $1,000\nStep 2\n 20 $1,000 = $666.66\n 30\nStep 3\n 12 $666.66 = $333.33\n 24rr\nrrExample – Nonterm Undergraduate Certificate Program 120\nAdditional Case #3\n§Pell payment for a payment period calculation for\nthe third payment period\nStep 1\n Scheduled Award = $1,000\nStep 2\n 20 $1,000 = $666.66\n 30\nStep 3\n 6 $666.66 = $166.66\n 24rr\nrrExample – Nonterm Undergraduate Certificate Program 121\nAdditional Case #3\n§Second Pell disbursement after student completes 12\nsemester hours and 15 weeks of instructional time, i.e., the\nfirst payment period (1/2 of the defined academic year)\n§No third Pell disbursement for most full-time students as they\nare completing the program in less than 30 weeks of\ninstructional time1st Pell\ndisbursement2nd Pell\ndisbursement3rd Pell\ndisbursement12 hours\n15 weeks12 hours\n15 weeks6 hoursExample – Nonterm Undergraduate Certificate Program 122\nAdditional Case #3\n§Since most full-time students are completing the program in\n24 weeks, the loan period must be for the calendar time to\ncomplete the program in 24 weeks of instructional time.\n§Only one loan period as program is considered less than an\nacademic year in length for loans.12 hours\n15 weeks12 hours\n15 weeks6 hoursExample – Nonterm Undergraduate Certificate Program\nMid-\npointCalendar time for most\nfull-time students\ncomplete 30 hours and 24\nweeks of instructional time 123\nAdditional Case #3\n§Must prorate maximum loan amount by 24/30 (lesser of the\nwks in program/wks in ac yr or hrs in program/hrs in ac yr).\n§Second loan disbursement is after reaching the calendar\nmidpoint and 15 semester hours (half the hours in the loan\nperiod).Example – Nonterm Undergraduate Certificate Program\n2nd loan\ndisbursement12 hours\n15 weeks12 hours\n15 weeks6 hours\n1st loan\ndisbursementMid-\npointCalendar time to complete\nloan period 124\nAdditional Case #3\n§Pell and loan disbursements do not coincide.2nd Pell\ndisbursement3rd Pell\ndisbursement2nd loan\ndisbursement for most\nfull-time students12 hours\n15 weeks12 hours\n15 weeks6 hoursExample – Nonterm Undergraduate Certificate Program\n1st Pell\ndisbursement\n1st loan\ndisbursementMid-\npoint 125\nPoints Illustrated\n§Payment periods and loan period for the remaining\nportion of a nonterm program\n§Determination of weeks of instructional time to\ncomplete the hours in the defined academic year\n§Treatment when all students are less-than-full-time\n§Determination of total Pell disbursements dependent\non whether the program is in more than one award\nyear\n§Affects of failing courses on Pell payments and loan\nperiodsAdditional Case #4 126\nExample – Nonterm Undergraduate Certificate Program\n§Academic calendar = 60 quarter hours over 54 weeks\nof instructional time; not self-paced\n§Academic year = 36 quarter hours and 30 weeks of\ninstructional time\n§Full-time = 36 quarter hours over 30 weeks of\ninstructional timeAdditional Case #4 127\nAdditional Case #4\n1st Pell\ndisbursement2nd Pell\ndisbursement\n20 h, 20 w3rd Pell\ndisbursement\n40 h, 38 w4th Pell\ndisbursement\n50 h, 46 w5 h\n5 w5 h\n5 w5 h\n5 w5 h\n5 w5 h\n5 w5 h\n5 w10 h\n 8 w10 h\n 8 w10 h\n 8 w\n§Students complete 30 quarter hours in six 5-hour modules each\nwith 5 weeks of instructional time. And complete the second 30\nquarter hours in three 8-week modules with 10 quarter hours each.\n§Payment periods =\n6First two = 18 quarter hours and 15 weeks of instructional time\n6Second two = 12 quarter hours and 12 weeks of instructional\ntime 128\n§Program is not self-paced.\n§For Pell full-time students are completing the hours in\nthe academic year in 30 weeks of instructional time.\n 36/60 54 = 32.4 (students are less than full-time;\n use 30 weeks of instructional time\n in defined academic year)\n hours in academic year weeks of instructional time\n hours in the program in the programAdditional Case #4\nrr\nrrExample – Nonterm Undergraduate Certificate Program 129\nAdditional Case #4\n§Payment for a payment period calculation for first\ntwo payment periods\nStep 1\nDetermine Scheduled Award\nStep 2\n 30 Scheduled = Step 2\n 30 Award\nStep 3\n 18 Step 2 = Payment for payment period\n 36\nrr\nrr 130\nAdditional Case #4\n§Payment for a payment period calculation for the\nlast two payment periods\nStep 1\nDetermine Scheduled Award\nStep 2\n 30 Scheduled = Step 2\n 30 Award\nStep 3\n 12 Step 2 = Payment for payment period\n 36\nrr\nrr\n§Payments for the last two payment periods not\navailable unless in a new award year 131\nAdditional Case #4\n§First loan period = 38 weeks of instructional time and 40 quarter hours.\n§The borrower-based-academic-year loan period must encompass the\nacademic year definition in weeks and hours and must include the first\n10-hour module in the loan period to have at least the 36 quarter hours of\nthe academic year.\n§The second disbursement of the loan may be made after earning the 20\nquarter hours of the loan period and passing the calendar midpoint of the\nloan period.5 h\n5 w5 h\n5 w5 h\n5 w5 h\n5 w5 h\n5 w5 h\n5 w10 h\n 8 w10 h\n 8 w10 h\n 8 w\n1st loan,\n1st dis-\nbursement1st loan,\n2nd dis-\nbursement 2nd loanMid-\npointExample – Nonterm Undergraduate Certificate Program 132\nAdditional Case #4\n§Second loan period = remaining balance of the\nprogram of 20 hours and 16 weeks of instructional\ntime.\n§Prorate loan limit by 20/36 (hours in loan period/hours\nin academic year)5 h\n5 w5 h\n5 w5 h\n5 w5 h\n5 w5 h\n5 w5 h\n5 w10 h\n 8 w10 h\n 8 w10 h\n 8 w\n1st loan,\n1st dis-\nbursement1st loan,\n2nd dis-\nbursement2nd loan,\n1st dis-\nbursementMidpoint\n2nd loan,\n2nd dis-\nbursementMid-\npointExample – Nonterm Undergraduate Certificate Program 133\nAdditional Case #4\n§Loan disbursements line up with Pell in this case.1st \nPell2nd Pell\n20 h, 20 w3rd Pell\n40 h, 38 w4th Pell\n50 h, 46 w5 h\n5 w5 h\n5 w5 h\n5 w5 h\n5 w5 h\n5 w5 h\n5 w10 h\n 8 w10 h\n 8 w10 h\n 8 w\n1st loan,\n1st dis-\nbursement1st loan,\n2nd dis-\nbursement2nd loan,\n1st dis-\nbursement 2nd loan,\n2nd dis-\nbursementExample – Nonterm Undergraduate Certificate Program 134\nAdditional Case #4\n§Student fails two 5-hour classes that are completed at\nend of program.\n§Pell payment periods are extended to successfully\ncomplete the hours and weeks of each payment\nperiod.5 h\n5 w5 h\n5 w5 h\n5 w5 h\n5 w5 h\n5 w5 h\n5 w10 h\n 8 w10 h\n 8 w10 h\n 8 w5 h\n5 w5 h\n5 w\n1st Pell 2nd Pell\n20 h, 20 w3rd Pell\n40 h, 36 w4th Pell\n50 h, 44 wExample – Nonterm Undergraduate Certificate Program 135\nAdditional Case #4\n§Second loan period starts after the first loan period but the first\ndisbursement of the second loan cannot be made until the student has\nearned the 40 hours in the first loan period at the end of the second 10-\nhour module.\n§Second disbursement of the second loan may be made after the student\ncompletes an additional 10 hours at the end of the third 10-hour module\nand passes the calendar midpoint of the loan period.1st loan,\n1st dis-\nbursement1st loan,\n2nd dis-\nbursement Midpoint\n2nd loan,\n 1st dis-\nbursement2nd loan,\n2nd dis-\nbursementMid-\npointExample – Nonterm Undergraduate Certificate Program\n5 h\n5 w5 h\n5 w5 h\n5 w5 h\n5 w5 h\n5 w5 h\n5 w10 h\n 8 w10 h\n 8 w10 h\n 8 w5 h\n5 w5 h\n5 w\n 2nd loan 136\nAdditional Case #4\n§Note that there are no additional costs of attendance\nbecause the period of attendance is extended.1st loan,\n1st dis-\nbursement1st loan,\n2nd dis-\nbursement Midpoint\n2nd loan,\n 1st dis-\nbursement2nd loan,\n2nd dis-\nbursementMid-\npointExample – Nonterm Undergraduate Certificate Program\n5 h\n5 w5 h\n5 w5 h\n5 w5 h\n5 w5 h\n5 w5 h\n5 w10 h\n 8 w10 h\n 8 w10 h\n 8 w5 h\n5 w5 h\n5 w\n 2nd loan 137\nPoints IllustratedAdditional Case #5\n§No loan proration for graduate program less than an\nacademic year in length\n§Determining weeks of instructional time\n§No hours in academic year definition\n§Twelve-month limit on a loan period 138\nExample – Nonterm Masters Degree\n§Program =\n 66 13 consecutive modules over 15 months\n 66 Each module = 4 quarter hours\n 66 4 consecutive days of attendance each month for the first 12\n modules\n 66 13th module is a 3-month research project\n§Academic year = 30 weeks of instructional timeAdditional Case #5\n4 h 4 h 4 h 4 h 4 h 4 h 4 h 4 h 4 h 4 h 4 h 4 h 4 h 139\n§Weeks of instructional time\n 66 4 consecutive days of attendance each month = 2 weeks of\n instructional time\n 66 13th module has 3 weeks of instructional time.Additional Case #5\n7 calendar days 7 calendar days2 days of\nattendance2 days of\nattendance\n1 week of\ninstructional time1 week of\ninstructional timeExample – Nonterm Masters Degree\n4 h 4 h 4 h 4 h 4 h 4 h 4 h 4 h 4 h 4 h 4 h 4 h 4 h 140\nAdditional Case #5\n§No loan period can exceed 12 calendar months .\n§Loan period = 24 weeks of instructional time .\n§Graduate program, no proration .12 calendar\n months3 calendar\n months\n2nd loan\ndisbursement after\ncalendar midpoint1st loan\ndisbursementExample – Nonterm Masters Degree\n4 h 4 h 4 h 4 h 4 h 4 h 4 h 4 h 4 h 4 h 4 h 4 h 4 h 141\nAdditional Case #5\n§FFEL: The remaining period of 3 weeks of\ninstructional time may be shorter than the period for\nwhich FFEL lenders and guaranty agencies generally\nmake and guarantee loans.\n§Direct Loans would accept a new loan.12 calendar\n months3 calendar\n months\n2nd loan\ndisbursement after\ncalendar midpoint1st loan\ndisbursement2nd loan\n (?)Example – Nonterm Masters Degree\n4 h 4 h 4 h 4 h 4 h 4 h 4 h 4 h 4 h 4 h 4 h 4 h 4 h 142\nPoints IllustratedAdditional Case #6\n§Potential treatment of loan periods for a\nnonstandard-term program depending on the\nacademic year definition adopted. 143\nExample – Undergraduate Certificate Program\n§ Academic calendar = 40 weeks of instructional time\n and 36 semester hours offered over 5 nonstandard\n terms\n§ Must use a borrow-based academic (BBAY) for\n loans.8 weeks\n6 credits10 weeks\n 9 credits9 weeks\n 3 cr 3 cr 3 cr10 weeks\n 9 credits3 wks\n3 crAdditional Case #6 144\nExample – Undergraduate Certificate Program\n§ School may define the academic year—\n 66 As greater than the minimums to coincide with the end of a\n term or module (Option 1), or\n 66 As at least the statutory minimum weeks of instructional time\n and hours even though they do not coincide with the end of a\n term or module (Options 2 and 3).8 weeks\n6 credits10 weeks\n 9 credits9 weeks\n 3 cr 3 cr 3 cr10 weeks\n 9 credits3 wks\n3 crAdditional Case #6 145\n Example – Undergraduate Certificate Program\n§ Option 1 : Academic year = 33 semester hours and\n 37 weeks of instructional time to coincide with the\n end of a term.\n§ Use BBAY to end of fourth term.8 weeks\n6 credits10 weeks\n 9 credits9 weeks\n 3 cr 3 cr 3 cr10 weeks\n 9 credits3 wks\n3 crAdditional Case #6\nOption 1\nStart of loan\nperiodEnd of loan\nperiod 146\n8 weeks\n6 credits10 weeks\n 9 credits9 weeks\n 3 cr 3 cr 3 cr10 weeks\n 9 credits3 wks\n3 cr\n§ Second disbursement of the loan cannot be made until the end of\n the first module of the third term when half the semester hours of the\n loan period (17 semester hours) have been successfully completed and\n the loan period calendar midpoint is passed.\n§ The remaining balance of the program is generally too short for a\n second loan to be approved by FFEL lenders and guaranty agencies.\n DL would approve a prorated loan. Example – Undergraduate Certificate Program\nLoan, 2nd\nDisbursementLoan, 1st\nDisbursementMid-\npointAdditional Case #6\nOption 1\nEnd of loan\nperiod 147\nExample – Undergraduate Certificate Program\n§ Options 2 and 3 - If using the minimum measures\n with an academic year of 24 semester hours and 30\n weeks of instructional time, two options for loan\n periods can be identified.8 weeks\n6 credits10 weeks\n 9 credits9 weeks\n 3 cr 3 cr 3 cr10 weeks\n 9 credits3 wks\n3 crAdditional Case #6\nOptions 2 and 3 148\nExample – Undergraduate Certificate Program\n§ Option 2 - Academic year = 24 semester hours and\n 30 weeks of instructional time and does not\n coincide with the end of a term or module.8 weeks\n6 credits10 weeks\n 9 credits9 weeks\n 3 cr 3 cr 3 cr10 weeks\n 9 credits3 wks\n3 crAdditional Case #6\nOption 2 149\nExample – Undergraduate Certificate Program\n§ Loan period greater than the defined academic year\n to coincide with the end of a term or module8 weeks\n6 credits10 weeks\n 9 credits9 weeks\n 3 cr 3 cr 3 cr10 weeks\n 9 credits3 wks\n3 crAdditional Case #6\nOption 2\nStart of loan\nperiodEnd of loan\nperiod 150\n8 weeks\n6 credits10 weeks\n 9 credits9 weeks\n 3 cr 3 cr 3 cr10 weeks\n 9 credits3 wks\n3 cr\n§ As in Option 1, the second disbursement of the loan cannot be made\n until the end of the first module of the third term when half the semester\n hours of the loan period (17 semester hours) have been successfully\n completed and the loan period calendar midpoint is passed.\n§ The remaining balance of the program is generally too short for a\n second loan to be approved by FFEL lenders and guaranty agencies.\n DL would approve a prorated loan. Example – Undergraduate Certificate Program\nLoan, 2nd\nDisbursementLoan, 1st\nDisbursementMid-\npointAdditional Case #6\nOption 2\nEnd of loan\nperiod 151\n8 weeks\n6 credits10 weeks\n 9 credits9 weeks\n 3 cr 3 cr 3 cr10 weeks\n 9 credits3 wks\n3 cr\n§ By using the minimum allowed defined academic\n year, Pell payments for a payment period are increased.\n§ By certifying the loan for a period greater than the\n minimum to coincide with the end of a module, other\n aspects of program administration such as return of\n Title IV are simplified. Example – Undergraduate Certificate Program\nLoan, 2nd\nDisbursementLoan, 1st\nDisbursementMid-\npointAdditional Case #6\nOption 2\nEnd of loan\nperiod 152\nExample – Undergraduate Certificate Program\n§ Option 3 - Academic year = 24 semester hours and\n 30 weeks of instructional time and does not\n coincide with the end of a term or module.8 weeks\n6 credits10 weeks\n 9 credits9 weeks\n 3 cr 3 cr 3 cr10 weeks\n 9 credits3 wks\n3 crAdditional Case #6\nOption 3 153\nExample – Undergraduate Certificate Program\n§ The first loan period is for the academic year, and\n the second loan period is for the remainder of the\n program.8 weeks\n6 credits10 weeks\n 9 credits9 weeks\n 3 cr 3 cr 3 cr10 weeks\n 9 credits3 wks\n3 crAdditional Case #6\nOption 3\nStart of 1st\nloan period End of\n2nd loan\nperiodWeek 31\n2nd LoanMid-\npointMid-\npoint 154\nExample – Undergraduate Certificate Program\n§ For the second loan period, the loan limit is\n prorated by the hours remaining in the program\n compared to the defined academic year:\n 12/248 weeks\n6 credits10 weeks\n 9 credits9 weeks\n 3 cr 3 cr 3 cr10 weeks\n 9 credits3 wks\n3 crAdditional Case #6\nOption 3\nStart of 1st\nloan period End of\n2nd loan\nperiodWeek 31\n2nd LoanMid-\npointMid-\npoint 155\n8 weeks\n6 credits10 weeks\n 9 credits9 weeks\n 3 cr 3 cr 3 cr10 weeks\n 9 credits3 wks\n3 cr\n§ The second disbursement of the first loan cannot be\n made until the end of the first module of the third\n term when half the semester hours of the loan period\n (12 semester hours) have been successfully\n completed and the loan period calendar midpoint is\n passed. Example – Undergraduate Certificate ProgramAdditional Case #6\nOption 3\nStart of 1st\nloan periodWeek 31\n2nd Loan, 1st\nDisbursementMid-\npointMid-\npoint 1st Loan, 2nd\nDisbursement2nd Loan,\n2nd\nDisbursement 156\n8 weeks\n6 credits10 weeks\n 9 credits9 weeks\n 3 cr 3 cr 3 cr10 weeks\n 9 credits3 wks\n3 cr\n§ The second loan would have a first disbursement\n after the 30 th week of instructional time. The second\n disbursement would be made after the student\n completes 6 additional hours beyond the first loan\n period and passed the calendar midpoint of the\n second loan period. Example – Undergraduate Certificate ProgramAdditional Case #6\nOption 3\nStart of 1st\nloan period2nd Loan, 1st\nDisbursementMid-\npointMid-\npoint 1st Loan, 2nd\nDisbursement2nd Loan,\n2nd\nDisbursement 157\n8 weeks\n6 credits10 weeks\n 9 credits9 weeks\n 3 cr 3 cr 3 cr10 weeks\n 9 credits3 wks\n3 cr\n§Costs to be included in loan periods depends on whether the\nschool charged up-front or by term.\n§In Option 3, if costs are by the term, then the direct costs that\nare charged in the loan period include the fourth term but not\nthe fifth term in the 1st loan period. The indirect costs for the\n1st loan period would be those through the 30th week.\n§If the institution charged up-front, all those costs would be in\nthe first loan period with the indirect costs being through the\n30th week for the first loan . Example – Undergraduate Certificate ProgramAdditional Case #6\nOption 3\nStart of 1st\nloan period2nd Loan, 1st\nDisbursementMid-\npointMid-\npoint 1st Loan, 2nd\nDisbursement2nd Loan,\n2nd\nDisbursement 158\n8 weeks\n6 credits10 weeks\n 9 credits9 weeks\n 3 cr 3 cr 3 cr10 weeks\n 9 credits3 wks\n3 cr Example – Undergraduate Certificate ProgramAdditional Case #6\nOption 3\nStart of 1st\nloan period2nd Loan, 1st\nDisbursementMid-\npointMid-\npoint 1st Loan, 2nd\nDisbursement2nd Loan,\n2nd\nDisbursement\n§ By using the minimum allowed defined academic\n year, both Pell payments for a payment period and loan\n amounts are increased.\n§ This option creates complications in other aspects of\n program administration such as return of Title IV."
} |
[
-0.040326062589883804,
0.055092666298151016,
-0.03250378742814064,
0.05933629348874092,
0.03845620155334473,
-0.07733400166034698,
0.04546452686190605,
-0.061760153621435165,
-0.056826312094926834,
-0.05058905482292175,
0.01021641492843628,
-0.035748280584812164,
-0.06161235272884369,
0.006635959260165691,
-0.009486272931098938,
-0.016611652448773384,
0.022590793669223785,
0.07439564913511276,
0.023405831307172775,
0.002098862314596772,
0.016196226701140404,
0.006453422363847494,
0.027927810326218605,
0.07016772031784058,
0.018296150490641594,
-0.04966050386428833,
-0.010458274744451046,
-0.043129801750183105,
-0.09097248315811157,
-0.007770066615194082,
-0.03394625335931778,
-0.047637421637773514,
-0.03256440535187721,
-0.01312774233520031,
0.10858917236328125,
0.012318124063313007,
0.05237726867198944,
-0.036367226392030716,
0.019791265949606895,
0.009938797913491726,
-0.0316297747194767,
-0.009577416814863682,
0.04431336000561714,
-0.035883571952581406,
-0.09679468721151352,
-0.006512465421110392,
-0.03685425966978073,
-0.005110553465783596,
0.0013588027795776725,
-0.10520990192890167,
0.056309040635824203,
0.008570223115384579,
0.010109095834195614,
0.004590832628309727,
0.0068655493669211864,
-0.08251717686653137,
-0.021273914724588394,
-0.0847073569893837,
-0.01963886246085167,
-0.05279752239584923,
-0.0646059513092041,
-0.0003111910482402891,
0.04687429964542389,
0.054113246500492096,
-0.039170194417238235,
-0.00700521981343627,
-0.016627322882413864,
-0.02550942450761795,
-0.020143382251262665,
-0.0481458343565464,
-0.06124228239059448,
0.019986901432275772,
0.07122460752725601,
-0.0024944348260760307,
-0.033727023750543594,
-0.09520655870437622,
0.03918972983956337,
0.010503021068871021,
0.0455729216337204,
-0.02384161576628685,
0.105305515229702,
0.056272223591804504,
0.09807925671339035,
-0.03446409851312637,
0.03449299931526184,
0.02854185178875923,
-0.09323534369468689,
0.024840272963047028,
0.005406818352639675,
0.03741100803017616,
0.005058316979557276,
0.012739255093038082,
0.05535229295492172,
0.0519479401409626,
0.04691380262374878,
-0.010378292761743069,
0.054307907819747925,
-0.035465892404317856,
-0.06855236738920212,
0.07934601604938507,
-0.04085414111614227,
-0.08663250505924225,
0.022677259519696236,
-0.015437301248311996,
0.06666350364685059,
0.024040721356868744,
-0.061559196561574936,
-0.004577732179313898,
0.04488343372941017,
0.0025164710823446512,
0.04331250488758087,
-0.03365395590662956,
0.04380326345562935,
-0.05264903977513313,
0.06495179235935211,
-0.08733523637056351,
-0.01814349927008152,
-0.03711599484086037,
0.03982415795326233,
0.06457032263278961,
0.11862092465162277,
0.03950304538011551,
-0.07016976922750473,
-0.01038765162229538,
0.09192082285881042,
-0.0015910064103081822,
0.004439597949385643,
-1.6755839941376517e-33,
-0.007070980500429869,
0.016045812517404556,
0.04168080538511276,
-0.05642220750451088,
0.09410885721445084,
-0.020737046375870705,
-0.037898678332567215,
-0.049348462373018265,
0.004332939628511667,
0.06898894160985947,
-0.021654093638062477,
-0.0004171039327047765,
-0.05668191984295845,
0.04200001433491707,
-0.050182875245809555,
0.014062781818211079,
-0.12303691357374191,
0.03705432265996933,
0.07044557482004166,
0.028591156005859375,
-0.03851364925503731,
0.029612554237246513,
-0.020005814731121063,
-0.030121102929115295,
0.06668724864721298,
0.03234034776687622,
-0.04511372372508049,
-0.08144885301589966,
0.08358190208673477,
0.057903971523046494,
0.050881534814834595,
0.034931883215904236,
0.016540179029107094,
-0.03881527855992317,
-0.03382066264748573,
-0.051578324288129807,
0.026834676042199135,
-0.07031948864459991,
-0.0513383187353611,
-0.019449256360530853,
0.06977540999650955,
-0.0003236734482925385,
-0.022624028846621513,
0.0755954310297966,
-0.0088198808953166,
0.04964437335729599,
0.07420307397842407,
0.05804341658949852,
-0.04656923934817314,
0.014478863216936588,
0.031899772584438324,
0.012626822106540203,
0.023954050615429878,
-0.07853057235479355,
0.005575796123594046,
-0.12101082503795624,
0.027068715542554855,
-0.09557464718818665,
0.012000800110399723,
-0.052780430763959885,
-0.014540644362568855,
-0.0054863072000443935,
0.0022777703125029802,
-0.07458619028329849,
-0.022132115438580513,
-0.09004230052232742,
-0.004733281210064888,
0.05190189927816391,
-0.029928645119071007,
-0.014911656267940998,
-0.0037834893446415663,
-0.035183489322662354,
-0.038968827575445175,
-0.03501588851213455,
-0.05980291962623596,
0.023844366893172264,
0.05326838791370392,
0.01214608270674944,
-0.06276648491621017,
-0.01768205501139164,
0.03874032571911812,
-0.04326224327087402,
0.07449289411306381,
-0.10829903185367584,
0.04875621199607849,
0.006265820004045963,
0.013355512171983719,
-0.03469804674386978,
0.055237408727407455,
0.00039957065018825233,
-0.08438980579376221,
0.0015067096101120114,
0.03831139951944351,
0.04124515876173973,
-0.005746670067310333,
-4.124287133062268e-34,
-0.05319513753056526,
-0.00882541760802269,
-0.033445294946432114,
-0.046450868248939514,
-0.016424793750047684,
0.024729708209633827,
-0.08631525188684464,
-0.07530541718006134,
0.09456485509872437,
0.0038200917188078165,
-0.07507211714982986,
0.07935480773448944,
0.015334204770624638,
0.02868461422622204,
0.13037298619747162,
-0.06894034147262573,
0.06319122016429901,
-0.02307894639670849,
-0.010259324684739113,
0.036479704082012177,
-0.05049419403076172,
0.05736388638615608,
-0.1196490079164505,
0.028554633259773254,
-0.021975543349981308,
0.0616086982190609,
-0.012439328245818615,
-0.02365572191774845,
0.13503451645374298,
-0.04959277808666229,
-0.022811995819211006,
-0.042015865445137024,
0.02004190720617771,
0.006676313001662493,
0.011614019051194191,
-0.01128852367401123,
-0.021237265318632126,
-0.1040366142988205,
-0.003278754884377122,
-0.04399377852678299,
0.03153332322835922,
-0.017279256135225296,
-0.02990715578198433,
0.07360277324914932,
-0.04385052248835564,
0.012605344876646996,
-0.010509144514799118,
0.02485949918627739,
-0.0038064061664044857,
-0.03100152127444744,
-0.11068399250507355,
-0.03291488438844681,
-0.05213272571563721,
-0.012940171174705029,
-0.055408820509910583,
-0.0013093636371195316,
-0.005253650713711977,
-0.00900051649659872,
0.07547536492347717,
-0.004328476265072823,
-0.10331252962350845,
0.008610842749476433,
-0.02806839905679226,
0.04842837527394295,
-0.0495293028652668,
-0.02996717393398285,
-0.007871472276747227,
-0.040011242032051086,
0.07406698912382126,
-0.03586646169424057,
0.03312354534864426,
0.007769710384309292,
-0.1041722223162651,
-0.021760938689112663,
-0.0167386494576931,
0.05664171278476715,
0.12030866742134094,
0.03618324175477028,
0.03459281846880913,
0.013386890292167664,
0.054235782474279404,
-0.05367404222488403,
-0.0027610890101641417,
-0.015380562283098698,
0.009787957184016705,
0.03569314256310463,
0.05546608939766884,
0.04359923303127289,
-0.05409980192780495,
0.060146693140268326,
-0.05213618278503418,
0.050648875534534454,
0.05550220236182213,
0.0748375952243805,
0.009459828026592731,
-3.848848351140077e-8,
0.09149966388940811,
0.03512495383620262,
-0.02082219161093235,
-0.04889572039246559,
0.02695849910378456,
-0.03149188309907913,
0.01886012963950634,
-0.00858005229383707,
-0.11073246598243713,
0.019246460869908333,
0.06005434691905975,
0.07271670550107956,
0.04437132179737091,
0.06672867387533188,
0.0026615706738084555,
0.06207208335399628,
-0.043776072561740875,
-0.025155773386359215,
-0.02947700023651123,
-0.011494267731904984,
-0.022501619532704353,
0.0344107486307621,
0.02084491215646267,
-0.054499551653862,
-0.06048331409692764,
0.06483472138643265,
0.0367894321680069,
0.004664963111281395,
0.05833610147237778,
0.1133287101984024,
-0.01170350331813097,
0.05608636885881424,
-0.08641309291124344,
0.03490426018834114,
0.021657349541783333,
0.0065901693888008595,
-0.06443903595209122,
-0.00552910752594471,
0.10852024704217911,
-0.05939089134335518,
0.05122356489300728,
-0.06810799986124039,
0.12396826595067978,
0.005035678390413523,
-0.09324760735034943,
-0.047040171921253204,
0.007193872705101967,
-0.08896331489086151,
0.07600709050893784,
0.01342468336224556,
-0.038616981357336044,
-0.05043885484337807,
-0.06394816935062408,
0.08936595916748047,
0.04556141793727875,
-0.06278494745492935,
0.030298078432679176,
0.04491846263408661,
-0.05720244720578194,
-0.012063190340995789,
0.06403350085020065,
-0.04848343878984451,
-0.014514997601509094,
0.08809622377157211
] | {
"pdf_file": "WSJDEJGLVPP7VL4KJA43GNTHS7CVD5TP.pdf",
"text": "The Government Goblins\nThose of you who read this blog, know that I enjoy posting the occasional political cartoon, and I\nstumbled across this one this week by Walt Handelsman that is particularly appropriate. The\nscariest goblins this Halloween are government run health care, the national energy tax, and\ntaxes to pay for more bureaucracies that spend more of your money.\n Happy Halloween! \n \n 1 / 1"
} |
[
-0.11883839964866638,
0.04829868674278259,
-0.0025480559561401606,
-0.011011209338903427,
0.05195074528455734,
0.010291832499206066,
0.1154332384467125,
0.0007007909007370472,
-0.08592535555362701,
-0.07065396010875702,
0.0013317164266481996,
-0.035472381860017776,
0.018434155732393265,
-0.006737178191542625,
0.024402987211942673,
-0.029503243044018745,
-0.058138374239206314,
-0.05043954402208328,
-0.020765526220202446,
0.029036032035946846,
-0.06367600709199905,
0.024029914289712906,
0.0262432973831892,
-0.006037362851202488,
-0.011076544411480427,
-0.0014006864512339234,
-0.018619801849126816,
0.03277004510164261,
0.0028860096354037523,
-0.05694391578435898,
-0.04394163936376572,
0.025414075702428818,
0.08790954202413559,
-0.02499123103916645,
-0.03668315336108208,
0.0062413448467850685,
-0.06646791845560074,
-0.0671444833278656,
0.020564241334795952,
0.04238877445459366,
0.021880215033888817,
-0.04288247600197792,
-0.03437700495123863,
0.06146686151623726,
0.0656372681260109,
-0.0785202905535698,
0.029487011954188347,
0.010798297822475433,
0.06332410126924515,
-0.04508465901017189,
-0.01823394186794758,
-0.027721041813492775,
-0.0036737609189003706,
-0.03659451752901077,
0.054250262677669525,
-0.02085655927658081,
0.015034922398626804,
-0.060095224529504776,
0.016393909230828285,
-0.03323858231306076,
0.01750349812209606,
-0.0005952207720838487,
-0.16348379850387573,
0.08492093533277512,
-0.07583844661712646,
0.0161097701638937,
0.048382941633462906,
-0.007598146330565214,
-0.024985475465655327,
0.05949747934937477,
0.0658901110291481,
-0.03513742983341217,
0.0008843158720992506,
-0.11567969620227814,
0.049390342086553574,
0.03360460326075554,
0.055154237896203995,
0.026383694261312485,
0.053694359958171844,
0.038932498544454575,
0.0004393816343508661,
0.0180604699999094,
-0.09288253635168076,
-0.004073987249284983,
-0.0008234609267674387,
-0.04883106052875519,
-0.006677441764622927,
-0.023541681468486786,
-0.03813307359814644,
0.05245159938931465,
-0.042493823915719986,
-0.055899728089571,
0.08681583404541016,
-0.04896170645952225,
-0.08339672535657883,
-0.0457635223865509,
0.029042238369584084,
0.03465776517987251,
-0.08649188280105591,
0.4062184691429138,
0.03594949096441269,
0.018697189167141914,
0.0979783833026886,
-0.007865204475820065,
0.023714108392596245,
-0.05756505951285362,
-0.06109985336661339,
-0.006620500702410936,
0.007060033269226551,
0.021669859066605568,
-0.024405108764767647,
-0.033514637500047684,
0.00025015627034008503,
0.03170765936374664,
0.04407161846756935,
0.09463243186473846,
-0.035580113530159,
-0.0045343064703047276,
0.043714847415685654,
0.00020504710846580565,
-0.002858717693015933,
-0.024884076789021492,
0.0037606365513056517,
0.014041258953511715,
0.07781578600406647,
-0.1323145031929016,
0.0068764761090278625,
-7.2201250750405e-33,
0.007334581576287746,
0.002726183971390128,
0.012147537432610989,
-0.002440247917547822,
0.027932560071349144,
0.03927065059542656,
0.003743888111785054,
-0.04643532633781433,
-0.014492551796138287,
0.05360198765993118,
0.006590632256120443,
0.03664784133434296,
-0.023135676980018616,
0.03275369852781296,
0.07811082899570465,
0.009627518244087696,
0.007964123040437698,
0.0028742437716573477,
-0.0018807238666340709,
0.004691542126238346,
-0.012402275577187538,
-0.0008041393011808395,
-0.023038707673549652,
0.04297299310564995,
-0.028259985148906708,
-0.06694644689559937,
0.038539037108421326,
-0.07085712999105453,
0.020109260454773903,
0.001460324041545391,
0.0014639950823038816,
0.049912355840206146,
-0.02594558522105217,
0.0008223677286878228,
-0.03757276013493538,
-0.028740663081407547,
0.03337514027953148,
-0.07462829351425171,
-0.035983964800834656,
0.025680823251605034,
-0.050139084458351135,
0.010837196372449398,
-0.04243791848421097,
-0.002668545348569751,
-0.004916265141218901,
0.16647927463054657,
-0.0011541391722857952,
-0.004960660357028246,
-0.06482207775115967,
0.06976216286420822,
-0.0028182310052216053,
-0.02132517658174038,
-0.11613703519105911,
0.04333868995308876,
-0.0033509607892483473,
-0.020106570795178413,
0.016554009169340134,
-0.043971188366413116,
0.020619438961148262,
-0.009089959785342216,
0.009713641367852688,
0.039391469210386276,
-0.012487754225730896,
0.009350251406431198,
-0.08647788316011429,
-0.04851773753762245,
0.02447775937616825,
-0.008494960144162178,
0.023063570261001587,
-0.012638214975595474,
-0.05100997909903526,
0.03675990551710129,
0.03771744668483734,
0.030916057527065277,
-0.028798431158065796,
-0.01926880143582821,
-0.019831717014312744,
0.03583517670631409,
0.08063048869371414,
0.00649732630699873,
0.03545527532696724,
-0.041958946734666824,
0.006693818140774965,
-0.024078864604234695,
0.09502369910478592,
0.054634999483823776,
0.004220988135784864,
-0.05180729925632477,
0.01021517813205719,
-0.041098661720752716,
-0.03574559465050697,
0.06131820008158684,
-0.0030944310128688812,
0.08796171098947525,
0.006000818684697151,
4.4925641867161134e-33,
-0.07716735452413559,
0.01899317093193531,
-0.03573813661932945,
0.0887979194521904,
-0.01755509153008461,
-0.0027626880910247564,
0.037273939698934555,
0.09013677388429642,
-0.09250447154045105,
0.0680299699306488,
0.022390201687812805,
-0.045089662075042725,
0.030878892168402672,
0.044495198875665665,
-0.005799654871225357,
0.03523358702659607,
0.06968843936920166,
-0.004063474480062723,
-0.028155116364359856,
-0.03572935611009598,
-0.030507177114486694,
-0.03237851336598396,
-0.0024998304434120655,
0.034929435700178146,
-0.04148077219724655,
0.030205287039279938,
0.04858911409974098,
0.0632987916469574,
-0.021693143993616104,
0.036800533533096313,
0.03896567225456238,
-0.023581488057971,
-0.05063262954354286,
-0.05820295587182045,
0.04826247692108154,
0.08404397964477539,
0.03678114339709282,
-0.0007768925279378891,
0.024848245084285736,
-0.05051735043525696,
0.039668887853622437,
-0.010082785040140152,
0.002244437113404274,
0.11697717010974884,
-0.021961307153105736,
-0.005805923603475094,
-0.048092879354953766,
0.003788944333791733,
0.035172659903764725,
0.07729728519916534,
-0.09319712221622467,
-0.011992926709353924,
-0.021968109533190727,
0.04129430651664734,
-0.022958293557167053,
0.004160518292337656,
-0.0432187058031559,
0.0702132061123848,
-0.01905948668718338,
0.0004752702370751649,
0.005480603780597448,
0.026761434972286224,
-0.033612821251153946,
0.01346849836409092,
-0.022746674716472626,
0.03873894736170769,
-0.024523282423615456,
-0.03632815554738045,
-0.0017924589337781072,
-0.052569907158613205,
0.006689464673399925,
-0.025846485048532486,
-0.1348353624343872,
0.0011394252069294453,
-0.047169335186481476,
-0.05347497761249542,
-0.018427148461341858,
-0.007304163184016943,
-0.009657083079218864,
-0.037726134061813354,
-0.033999841660261154,
0.01841733604669571,
-0.008003143593668938,
-0.005512353032827377,
-0.03353199362754822,
-0.0201805979013443,
0.021665804088115692,
0.01075822301208973,
-0.05747472122311592,
0.01969684660434723,
-0.007240809965878725,
0.023037107661366463,
0.12023406475782394,
0.0032419958151876926,
0.010150063782930374,
-1.3403668397415913e-8,
-0.046724583953619,
0.04062063992023468,
-0.05561641603708267,
-0.0018853341462090611,
0.056323979049921036,
0.049638908356428146,
-0.04154156893491745,
0.0325038842856884,
0.02574923262000084,
-0.018780937418341637,
0.06920813769102097,
0.02598794549703598,
-0.02782331220805645,
0.05757509544491768,
0.09128093719482422,
-0.01532574463635683,
-0.10472093522548676,
-0.027585938572883606,
-0.016222817823290825,
-0.035399287939071655,
-0.010461363941431046,
-0.013999390415847301,
-0.0002939800324384123,
-0.08362972736358643,
0.007932317443192005,
0.006960071157664061,
-0.04422977939248085,
0.07475824654102325,
0.07440952211618423,
-0.04058071970939636,
-0.0018266832921653986,
0.01985001191496849,
0.014382191933691502,
0.020585300400853157,
0.02213379554450512,
-0.06437048316001892,
-0.06369856745004654,
0.01613914780318737,
0.009907381609082222,
-0.0055595203302800655,
-0.05467313155531883,
-0.0233115516602993,
0.07046928256750107,
0.006468005012720823,
-0.047700025141239166,
-0.0036470729392021894,
0.007837599143385887,
-0.004974569659680128,
-0.01241857185959816,
-0.07781214267015457,
-0.0009409073390997946,
-0.008002524264156818,
0.006034235469996929,
0.08434933423995972,
0.10730371624231339,
0.011427774094045162,
0.013366665691137314,
-0.012747352942824364,
0.061454374343156815,
0.03564131259918213,
0.1587459295988083,
0.12640950083732605,
0.04654904082417488,
-0.015717294067144394
] | {
"pdf_file": "DDGJRL6PYXQO6TAZCPOLGYTVVSIUFRWG.pdf",
"text": " "
} |
[
-0.030958792194724083,
-0.027879182249307632,
0.05474378541111946,
-0.07567419856786728,
0.011372419074177742,
0.006013744510710239,
-0.06737514585256577,
0.015036438591778278,
0.010694005526602268,
0.04634556174278259,
0.05025191232562065,
0.044857244938611984,
-0.021426016464829445,
-0.01962573081254959,
-0.055160947144031525,
0.061500608921051025,
0.02989303320646286,
0.04122290387749672,
-0.03654397651553154,
0.045832809060811996,
0.0641571655869484,
0.03878511115908623,
-0.06651308387517929,
0.02651660330593586,
0.01510467566549778,
0.042732782661914825,
0.03826553001999855,
-0.013169639743864536,
-0.09156552702188492,
-0.0179281085729599,
0.036852627992630005,
-0.020135242491960526,
-0.018772657960653305,
0.053019214421510696,
0.054566387087106705,
0.026218125596642494,
0.004928755573928356,
0.11954168975353241,
-0.02935326285660267,
-0.074766606092453,
-0.05507495254278183,
-0.030251313000917435,
0.010116493329405785,
-0.010091345757246017,
-0.024704253301024437,
-0.05035730451345444,
0.042022623121738434,
-0.03588332235813141,
0.06648435443639755,
-0.06428611278533936,
0.06807254254817963,
-0.0847255066037178,
0.03628995269536972,
-0.03034115582704544,
0.06465162336826324,
0.06134440004825592,
0.012417551130056381,
-0.021569054573774338,
-0.019009867683053017,
-0.0059603541158139706,
-0.06188054755330086,
-0.0020880475640296936,
-0.04989020898938179,
0.06199818477034569,
-0.017331695184111595,
-0.05427901819348335,
0.005827260669320822,
-0.10800940543413162,
0.005578750744462013,
-0.012554765678942204,
0.13219082355499268,
-0.008358330465853214,
0.143752321600914,
-0.015434946864843369,
0.027938563376665115,
0.0338413380086422,
-0.0356852151453495,
0.1304101049900055,
0.017990225926041603,
-0.0065539381466805935,
0.09420380741357803,
0.0598200187087059,
-0.003161790082231164,
-0.04445629566907883,
-0.0058768633753061295,
0.05552880838513374,
-0.06433126330375671,
-0.03670939803123474,
-0.027223458513617516,
-0.007444588001817465,
-0.011841030791401863,
-0.03649604693055153,
0.03508087247610092,
-0.02051151730120182,
-0.0703958198428154,
-0.056100983172655106,
-0.03418691083788872,
0.027906976640224457,
-0.07450489699840546,
0.02385103888809681,
-0.13013078272342682,
0.07181233912706375,
-0.016322877258062363,
-0.07908274233341217,
0.015323612838983536,
-0.08605381101369858,
0.06362717598676682,
-0.005462622735649347,
-0.08114524930715561,
0.019698424264788628,
0.017382787540555,
-0.047650545835494995,
-0.07199493050575256,
0.13694027066230774,
0.05039914697408676,
-0.04106529802083969,
0.056608665734529495,
-0.00643831817433238,
-0.026725802570581436,
-0.005056129302829504,
0.004573326092213392,
0.010278080590069294,
-0.04910070076584816,
0.0035567856393754482,
-0.09471621364355087,
0.04694357141852379,
0.014862685464322567,
7.438695851783924e-34,
0.08819527179002762,
0.03622283414006233,
-0.01114675123244524,
0.030366284772753716,
0.047190260142087936,
-0.05225152149796486,
0.04897311329841614,
-0.004717076662927866,
0.06305753439664841,
-0.09410746395587921,
0.02965453453361988,
0.017702821642160416,
0.060654979199171066,
-0.018957087770104408,
-0.11022470891475677,
0.035238441079854965,
-0.1407635360956192,
-0.02715759165585041,
-0.025794826447963715,
-0.016305090859532356,
0.0030955488327890635,
0.03708476945757866,
-0.002846070332452655,
-0.027343209832906723,
-0.02197558432817459,
-0.06964876502752304,
-0.03354710340499878,
0.02911940962076187,
0.10612118244171143,
0.020749380812048912,
-0.05424776300787926,
-0.0061505502089858055,
-0.023532168939709663,
0.022783009335398674,
0.05463340878486633,
0.009200037457048893,
0.051298368722200394,
-0.05872006341814995,
-0.0428425595164299,
0.0027719633653759956,
0.06381575763225555,
-0.013355082832276821,
-0.040682271122932434,
0.07804755121469498,
0.030012207105755806,
0.002410494489595294,
0.006773450877517462,
0.00954804103821516,
0.008457919582724571,
-0.022351505234837532,
-0.014940747059881687,
-0.031007440760731697,
-0.04251255467534065,
-0.0642264112830162,
-0.06687527894973755,
-0.03743700683116913,
0.03084220178425312,
-0.0281540360301733,
0.032128386199474335,
-0.061777882277965546,
-0.004896173719316721,
0.09217771142721176,
0.01304917223751545,
0.025664348155260086,
-0.06118561327457428,
-0.1228484958410263,
-0.07184389978647232,
0.025385478511452675,
0.052886757999658585,
-0.06323019415140152,
0.08449484407901764,
-0.1112556979060173,
0.03216633200645447,
0.01007323618978262,
0.08534501492977142,
-0.034650225192308426,
-0.0004677651450037956,
0.03409687057137489,
-0.03404037281870842,
-0.008567536249756813,
0.032939787954092026,
-0.014502482488751411,
-0.03793748468160629,
-0.03843666985630989,
0.08141899108886719,
-0.005144254304468632,
-0.0347985215485096,
-0.01772075891494751,
-0.005484307184815407,
0.0009785896399989724,
0.018814096227288246,
0.00875230971723795,
0.0026061434764415026,
0.0969460979104042,
-0.04682394862174988,
-4.415407308922031e-33,
-0.05206167325377464,
0.016321824863553047,
0.04644031077623367,
0.031633827835321426,
0.008049909956753254,
-0.03996676206588745,
-0.059961430728435516,
-0.022668806836009026,
0.05156051740050316,
-0.16331763565540314,
-0.012162369675934315,
0.006091972813010216,
-0.023796867579221725,
0.044953182339668274,
0.0027773769106715918,
0.09454204887151718,
-0.08073193579912186,
-0.08442573994398117,
-0.05795060470700264,
0.0016317358240485191,
0.03295700624585152,
0.021671650931239128,
-0.0871526300907135,
0.0035633814986795187,
-0.019831540063023567,
-0.0182023998349905,
0.0007748064235784113,
0.0700918585062027,
0.06384743005037308,
0.05576514080166817,
-0.013718174770474434,
0.001781254424713552,
-0.057888321578502655,
0.025603653863072395,
-0.0988926962018013,
0.028989238664507866,
0.028225958347320557,
0.002890483709052205,
-0.04250359162688255,
0.08698466420173645,
0.0735592171549797,
-0.07196908444166183,
0.034543685615062714,
-0.0028259942773729563,
0.035856202244758606,
-0.01381598599255085,
-0.03314952924847603,
-0.07064427435398102,
-0.021078744903206825,
-0.024510132148861885,
-0.07465116679668427,
0.057470060884952545,
-0.033875852823257446,
0.05167098715901375,
0.10372930020093918,
0.047558240592479706,
0.055882420390844345,
0.058382511138916016,
0.07746925204992294,
0.04622998461127281,
0.008732583373785019,
-0.02268202230334282,
-0.02486848458647728,
0.020062074065208435,
0.01523932907730341,
-0.06527376919984818,
0.034849055111408234,
-0.07561448216438293,
-0.07224875688552856,
0.008060830645263195,
0.025578567758202553,
-0.045897383242845535,
-0.016162842512130737,
-0.07931509613990784,
-0.04330277442932129,
-0.051757313311100006,
0.007526513189077377,
0.04083407670259476,
-0.07940756529569626,
0.07447667419910431,
-0.029001543298363686,
0.0004722154699265957,
-0.018075117841362953,
-0.009116044268012047,
-0.03582361713051796,
-0.01693263091146946,
0.12851928174495697,
-0.03390886262059212,
-0.0036901056300848722,
0.03379087150096893,
0.09970378875732422,
0.015103628858923912,
0.019114671275019646,
-0.02322440594434738,
-0.06442124396562576,
-5.642009170969686e-8,
0.06341276317834854,
-0.003573591820895672,
-0.04367145523428917,
0.015285519883036613,
0.10137783735990524,
-0.06272167712450027,
-0.01183798536658287,
-0.008694280870258808,
0.05774679034948349,
0.08255648612976074,
-0.02112969569861889,
0.06590215116739273,
-0.008882813155651093,
0.002527462085708976,
0.11489284038543701,
0.022267159074544907,
0.017956111580133438,
0.01462214719504118,
-0.005758853629231453,
0.016539549455046654,
-0.03973064571619034,
-0.028636543080210686,
-0.026077864691615105,
0.052819058299064636,
0.04507387802004814,
0.0006312523037195206,
-0.022704724222421646,
0.03289421647787094,
-0.08903204649686813,
0.057877421379089355,
-0.11341769993305206,
0.1276140660047531,
-0.03350279480218887,
-0.000048735601012595,
0.020626958459615707,
-0.035481516271829605,
-0.028984781354665756,
-0.012293185107409954,
0.03240196034312248,
0.007952310144901276,
-0.03759944066405296,
-0.04700435325503349,
0.006591003853827715,
0.005937744863331318,
0.04099319130182266,
-0.0070228734984993935,
0.035651084035634995,
0.06550510972738266,
0.02358376421034336,
0.04177402704954147,
-0.0096652302891016,
-0.02539646625518799,
-0.0021957182325422764,
-0.04472247138619423,
0.0007281812722794712,
-0.08699652552604675,
-0.03240390866994858,
-0.055503226816654205,
-0.03568502515554428,
-0.10133443027734756,
0.015183860436081886,
0.030049391090869904,
-0.057461097836494446,
0.02416847087442875
] | {
"pdf_file": "NFLMOWBSAYHS4IFKAY5KSXU64BTAEZJ3.pdf",
"text": "Congressman Rothman Celebrates School Renaming for Local Englewood Educator\nCleveland Elementary School renamed the Dr. Leroy McCloud Elementary school in honor of First African-American\nPrincipal. \n\r\n\r\n\r\n \r\n\r\n\r\nFOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE: October 21, 2009\n\r\nCONTACT: Bob Decheine, 202-225-5061; 202-550-7869(cell)\n\r\n \n\r\n(Englewood, NJ) – Congressman Steve Rothman (D-NJ), the former two-term Englewood Mayor, returned to the\ncity yesterday to help celebrate the re-naming of the Cleveland Elementary School in honor of the city’s first\nAfrican-American principal, Dr. Leroy McCloud.\n\r\n\r\n“It is wonderful to come home today, to celebrate the life and work of a man who was such an important role\nmodel for so many of us,” said Rothman. “Dr. McCloud was an iconic figure in Englewood, having served\nas a teacher, principal and advocate for 50 years. He demanded and received the best from all his students and inspired\neveryone who ever met him. Having Dr. McCloud’s name on this beautifully renovated school will cause future\ngenerations of Englewood students to reflect on the extraordinarily positive impact one person can have on a\ncommunity.”\n\r\n\r\nThe community gathered to celebrate the life and work of the late educator and advocate, who passed away in 2004.\nRep. Rothman was part of the two hour ceremony which included New Jersey State Commissioner of Education, Lucille\nDavy, Dr. McCloud’s family, members of the school board, local elected officials, teachers, parents and students. \n\r\n\r\nDr. McCloud began teaching in 1941, a time when Englewood’s school system was racially segregated; he was\none of only two African-American teachers in the district. After desegregation, he would go on to become the first African-\nAmerican principal in the district, where he worked tirelessly and set high standards for all his students, regardless of\nrace. He retired after forty-one years with the Englewood school system, but continued to work as an advocate and\nliaison to community groups in the city, ensuring that all children had access to quality education and were held to the\nhighest standards. \n\r\n\r\nCleveland Elementary School had recently completed a renovation and expansion to better meet the needs of\ntoday’s students, and has more than doubled the school’s educational capacity, according to Dr. Richard\nSegall, District Interim Superintendent. The Englewood School Board voted to rename the school in Dr.\nMcCloud’s honor at its July 16th meeting. \r\n\r\n\r\n \r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n \rThe Online Office of Congressman Steve Rothman\nhttp://www.rothman.house.gov Powered by Joomla! Generated: 11 July, 2010, 23:25 \r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n \r\n\r\n\r\n \r\n\r\n\r\nRep. Rothman (with wife Jennifer Rothman, left) presents a Certificate\r\nof Congressional Recognition to Dr. Leroy McCloud, Jr. and Michele\r\nWest, children of the namesake of the newly dedicated Dr. Leroy McCloud\r\nElementary School.\n\r\n \n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n### \r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nThe Online Office of Congressman Steve Rothman\nhttp://www.rothman.house.gov Powered by Joomla! Generated: 11 July, 2010, 23:25"
} |
[
-0.1304665207862854,
0.08170042186975479,
-0.06156950071454048,
-0.07067122310400009,
-0.07558421790599823,
0.07738722115755081,
-0.013237213715910912,
0.07942792773246765,
0.01920226961374283,
0.0423392578959465,
0.06273350864648819,
-0.05538199841976166,
0.04864882305264473,
-0.024623528122901917,
-0.07405221462249756,
-0.03189685940742493,
0.08916084468364716,
0.04000825062394142,
-0.02384805493056774,
0.033812958747148514,
-0.05525663495063782,
0.025139978155493736,
-0.06997320801019669,
-0.014852582477033138,
-0.028538759797811508,
0.0175424013286829,
-0.027954015880823135,
-0.04376303404569626,
0.024370156228542328,
-0.08811862021684647,
0.007857821881771088,
0.04397004470229149,
-0.03224234655499458,
0.010670635849237442,
0.06329667568206787,
-0.036591414362192154,
-0.011177971959114075,
-0.047368764877319336,
0.04710514098405838,
0.0008548375917598605,
0.031356967985630035,
-0.04029107838869095,
-0.0510423444211483,
0.018699418753385544,
0.016537338495254517,
-0.016723232343792915,
-0.029978273436427116,
0.043957434594631195,
-0.0755162313580513,
0.003350447863340378,
-0.04543077200651169,
-0.01017726305872202,
0.028350329026579857,
0.02768556959927082,
-0.07122150808572769,
-0.073367178440094,
0.036318931728601456,
-0.028288479894399643,
0.02374894730746746,
-0.008418583311140537,
-0.015371071174740791,
-0.04757963865995407,
-0.027846667915582657,
0.04054996743798256,
0.017810912802815437,
0.0028051836416125298,
0.02702871523797512,
-0.09274617582559586,
0.008637242950499058,
-0.042288441210985184,
0.029872749000787735,
0.0773690938949585,
-0.04601304233074188,
0.010699475184082985,
-0.030813412740826607,
0.04436121881008148,
0.01967601105570793,
0.08020324259996414,
0.0863053947687149,
-0.10270567983388901,
0.0583270825445652,
0.001777723664417863,
-0.016698850318789482,
-0.03299007564783096,
0.05213330313563347,
-0.05788593366742134,
0.006577963475137949,
-0.02285792864859104,
0.060534216463565826,
-0.0056324065662920475,
0.06179102510213852,
0.06713585555553436,
-0.004068855196237564,
-0.036266252398490906,
-0.002564827911555767,
-0.04522005096077919,
0.003566374536603689,
0.06826485693454742,
0.04659948870539665,
0.06731551885604858,
0.019919779151678085,
0.06662672758102417,
-0.06383009999990463,
0.01623455248773098,
-0.057241957634687424,
-0.017474966123700142,
0.012566791847348213,
-0.07088331133127213,
-0.005177360959351063,
-0.034433525055646896,
-0.03656582906842232,
0.004719328135251999,
0.02235901914536953,
-0.06949418038129807,
-0.002484475262463093,
0.030747469514608383,
0.007272377144545317,
0.07762462645769119,
-0.0037295976653695107,
-0.08596713095903397,
0.030733801424503326,
0.030193690210580826,
-0.16287016868591309,
-0.07200806587934494,
0.023917697370052338,
-0.012740272097289562,
0.023275040090084076,
1.223416463706229e-32,
0.02266830950975418,
-0.03228459134697914,
-0.0321832150220871,
-0.0036389739252626896,
0.04861903190612793,
0.02648712322115898,
-0.016843976452946663,
-0.007682229392230511,
-0.032308802008628845,
-0.05601661279797554,
-0.0522206574678421,
-0.05302666872739792,
0.03208896890282631,
-0.06781664490699768,
-0.08467061817646027,
0.07417963445186615,
0.018631430342793465,
-0.016527393832802773,
-0.09865688532590866,
0.002566572045907378,
0.1062426045536995,
-0.0011872774921357632,
0.008926267735660076,
0.07593068480491638,
-0.10618769377470016,
0.0070357671938836575,
0.01160155888646841,
-0.003382459282875061,
-0.04607042297720909,
0.014993681572377682,
0.010512939654290676,
0.027744531631469727,
0.02000143937766552,
0.11610342562198639,
0.06592416018247604,
0.011830153875052929,
-0.021558521315455437,
-0.019853191450238228,
0.042469289153814316,
0.015597240068018436,
-0.006428241264075041,
0.017377378419041634,
0.030540896579623222,
0.00795341469347477,
-0.05050068348646164,
-0.0776376724243164,
-0.00457563204690814,
-0.027253976091742516,
0.025222016498446465,
0.049078285694122314,
-0.040154021233320236,
0.025836333632469177,
-0.05070347338914871,
0.009094816632568836,
0.0016008565435186028,
0.02530551515519619,
-0.05337351933121681,
0.025469211861491203,
0.01557006686925888,
0.057661496102809906,
-0.009015568532049656,
0.12180867046117783,
-0.07818707823753357,
0.01853555627167225,
-0.0914994329214096,
-0.059655915945768356,
-0.09376238286495209,
-0.013612939976155758,
0.084893137216568,
-0.09499197453260422,
0.04925758019089699,
0.053769782185554504,
0.0989028736948967,
-0.020029986277222633,
-0.010751906782388687,
-0.015901830047369003,
0.10514851659536362,
0.016455620527267456,
-0.01353211235255003,
-0.05652778595685959,
-0.08379781991243362,
0.026352133601903915,
0.01541412714868784,
-0.012036977335810661,
0.04127267375588417,
-0.10846657305955887,
-0.0048775146715343,
-0.1267102062702179,
-0.05420248582959175,
0.010944041423499584,
0.06658651679754257,
-0.03180776908993721,
0.0007510307477787137,
0.02180885709822178,
0.04077916964888573,
-1.0776094668613771e-32,
0.009412763640284538,
-0.011964289471507072,
-0.06537066400051117,
0.005320604424923658,
-0.001035651657730341,
-0.03585866838693619,
0.04776729643344879,
-0.03415171056985855,
0.009185902774333954,
-0.11295191198587418,
-0.010342493653297424,
0.01805710978806019,
0.023815518245100975,
0.055489521473646164,
-0.02802117168903351,
0.08165199309587479,
0.054507844150066376,
0.0003866129263769835,
-0.045675817877054214,
0.0033622686751186848,
0.10389689356088638,
0.05212552472949028,
-0.029122034087777138,
0.10575464367866516,
-0.014135727658867836,
-0.007908651605248451,
0.09050814807415009,
-0.09313759952783585,
-0.013646887615323067,
0.05851765722036362,
0.0025113429874181747,
-0.062352124601602554,
-0.09002143144607544,
0.05671264976263046,
0.0037861792370676994,
-0.06485079228878021,
0.14135059714317322,
-0.01977764070034027,
-0.029221897944808006,
0.0700245127081871,
0.02082006447017193,
0.020097527652978897,
0.015088018961250782,
-0.016914384439587593,
0.037756502628326416,
0.02727009914815426,
0.04139665514230728,
-0.045309752225875854,
0.007703536655753851,
-0.017368415370583534,
0.02394716627895832,
0.036258772015571594,
-0.010161549784243107,
0.07750079035758972,
0.0038264887407422066,
-0.04872727766633034,
0.0376884751021862,
-0.040187083184719086,
-0.04801703244447708,
-0.0015213724691420794,
0.08549321442842484,
0.1552847921848297,
-0.04610353335738182,
-0.0393286794424057,
0.04836726188659668,
-0.02729978784918785,
-0.09449414163827896,
-0.026825513690710068,
0.05282500758767128,
-0.05669888108968735,
-0.033279918134212494,
-0.09863851964473724,
-0.04886580631136894,
-0.12614476680755615,
0.0732712671160698,
0.028919029980897903,
-0.03435913845896721,
0.0215265192091465,
-0.02260666899383068,
-0.00954507663846016,
-0.05198242515325546,
-0.04498818516731262,
-0.03638017922639847,
0.031823817640542984,
-0.0008721236372366548,
0.0875638946890831,
0.006532310973852873,
-0.07701032608747482,
0.0548422746360302,
0.056937023997306824,
-0.02885647863149643,
0.030644159764051437,
0.038765762001276016,
0.07864707708358765,
0.05413787066936493,
-7.603922824728215e-8,
0.000034410011721774936,
-0.012615848332643509,
-0.044090285897254944,
0.04649311304092407,
0.04347866401076317,
-0.052513595670461655,
0.04407281428575516,
0.001424171612598002,
-0.05036410316824913,
0.07612599432468414,
0.08189277350902557,
-0.005956963170319796,
-0.0017642161110416055,
-0.1281093806028366,
-0.004231699742376804,
0.050609737634658813,
-0.027880076318979263,
-0.003528267377987504,
-0.023094316944479942,
-0.010278388857841492,
-0.00821741297841072,
0.021589400246739388,
-0.031170791015028954,
-0.002194145927205682,
-0.03207239881157875,
-0.03073820471763611,
-0.0049233827739953995,
-0.007464163471013308,
0.00545539939776063,
-0.01987958885729313,
-0.029254253953695297,
0.042894721031188965,
-0.005895365495234728,
-0.13276846706867218,
0.017183125019073486,
-0.03709840029478073,
0.024843376129865646,
0.0872739627957344,
0.07116749882698059,
0.108847975730896,
-0.012500431388616562,
0.030327308923006058,
0.06453322619199753,
0.06031785532832146,
0.01739703305065632,
0.0036768694408237934,
-0.05027496814727783,
-0.02104155160486698,
0.04162120446562767,
-0.0719825029373169,
-0.009432705119252205,
-0.0511557012796402,
-0.017482662573456764,
0.09064362198114395,
0.02419799380004406,
0.0784660056233406,
0.04672734811902046,
0.04533950239419937,
-0.029058372601866722,
0.0332467257976532,
-0.01080345269292593,
0.002770222257822752,
0.015377725474536419,
0.010566744022071362
] | {
"pdf_file": "GKMDOS7GQ75PJC46U3R2ZWAAEMZH3T66.pdf",
"text": "UNITED STATES DI STRI CT COURT\nDISTRI CT OF NE VADA\nRENO, NEVA DA\nUNITED STATES OF AMERI CA, ) IN EQUI TY NO. C-125- RCJ\n) Subprocee dings: C-125-B and C-125-C\nPlaintiff(s), )\n) 3:73-CV-0125-RCJ -WGC\n) 3:73-CV-0127-RCJ -WGC\nvs. ) 3:73-CV-0128-RCJ -WGC\n)\n)\nWAL KER RI VER I RRIGATI ON, et a l., ) MINUTES OF PROCEEDI NGS \n)\nDefendant( s). ) DATED: De cembe r 13, 2012\n )\n)\n \nPRES ENT: HONO RABL E WI LLIAM G. COB B , U .S. MAGI STRATE J UDGE\nDeputy Clerk: Katie L ynn Og den Reporte r: Kathy French \nCounsel Present: Susan Schneider , Wes Williams, Jr., Gordon DePaoli, Dale Ferguson, \nSimeon Herskovits, Geor ge Benesch, Marta Adams, Chris Mixon, Karen Peterson, David Negri,\nStacey Simon, Andrew Guss Gua rino \nCounsel App earing Telephoni cally : Michael Ne ville \nSpecial App earance Telephon ically : Eileen Rutherfor d (Para legal obo United States) \nPROCEEDI NGS: STATUS CONFERENCE\n10:08 a.m. Court convene s.\nThe court and counsel confe r regarding the agenda items as outlined in the Amended United\nStates’ Status Report (Doc. #1774 in Case No. 3:73-CV-0127-RCJ -WGC). Counsel present their\npositions as to each of the items. \nI. Prelim inary Matte rs\nAgenda Item s\n1. C-125-B :\na. Completion of Service a nd Service Issues:\ni. Status of rema ining persona l service efforts and related filings of\nProofs of Servic e.\nMs. Schneider indicates that there are only a few persona l serve s left. The United States\nproce ss server will prepar e an a ffidavit once the most rece nt service efforts are complete.Case 3:73-cv-00128-RCJ-WGC Document 655 Filed 12/13/12 Page 1 of 6 MINUTES OF P ROCEEDINGS\n3:73-CV-0125-RCJ -WGC\n3:73-CV-0127-RCJ -WGC\n3:73-CV-0128-RCJ -WGC\nDate: De cembe r 13, 2012 \nPage 2\nii. Status of serving the owner s of riparia n rights in California based on\nreceipt of re cent f ilings of state ments of diversion and use . \nMs. Schneider indicates that the proce ss of serving the owner s of riparia n rights in California\nbased on r eceipt of rec ent filing s of statements of dive rsion and use is complete . \niii. Status update from the Unit ed States, S tate of California and Mono\nCounty on possible service on claimants with dormant riparia n\nsurfa ce water rights under the law s of California.\n1. Addre ss chang es to be made on various for ms. \n(Doc . B-##206, 207; Notice of A ppear ance, Waiver, etc .)\n2. Service phases.\nMs. Schneider addre sses both subtopics for this agenda item. The United States has mailed\nservice packa ges to 386 out of approximately 412 names of persons and entities that fit within this\ncategory on December 12, 2012. Ms. Schneider indicates that additional research is neede d for the\nrema ining 24 names of persons and entities. Ms. Simon indicates the Mono County is available to\nassist the United States with any further research nece ssary . \niv. Status updates on the following :\n1. Updating and cir culating the dra ft caption.\nMs. Schneider represents that no action has been taken since the last circulation of the draft\nwas sent; howeve r, the United States has addre ssed the comments and proposed chang es suggested\nby sever al of the primary defendants. This proce ss will resume once this last group of persons and\nentities are serve d. \n2. Compil ing and circu lating a preliminary list of defendants\nwho have filed a notice of appe arance, including those\ndefendants repr esente d by counsel.\nMs. Schneider indicates that this list has been circulated and the United States is in the\nproce ss of updating the list to addre ss some of the comments and suggestions for chang es made by\nother primary parties. Ms. Griff in has also provided the United States with a list of defendants who\nhave appea red, which the United States will use to cross-c heck the names from each list and further\nupdate the pr imary list. Case 3:73-cv-00128-RCJ-WGC Document 655 Filed 12/13/12 Page 2 of 6 MINUTES OF P ROCEEDINGS\n3:73-CV-0125-RCJ -WGC\n3:73-CV-0127-RCJ -WGC\n3:73-CV-0128-RCJ -WGC\nDate: De cembe r 13, 2012 \nPage 3\n3. Compil ing and circulating a preliminary list of persons a nd\nentities that were serve d and have not filed a notice of\nappea rance.\nThe United States has compiled a preliminary list. The list has not been circulated, but it is\na priority and will be done. \nb. Case Mana gement I ssues:\ni. Threshold Issues: Review of attache d lists of proposed Threshold\nIssues.\nii. Whether and when Answer s are to be filed: Pending motion/briefing.\n(Doc . B-##1487, 1497, 1498, 1499, 1500, 1501).\nThe court will addre ss this matter at the Februar y 7, 2013, hearing after the court has had the\nopportunity to revie w the parties’ briefs conce rning the United States of America’ s Motion for a\nSupplemental Case Manage ment Orde r (Dkt. #B -1772).\niii. Discussion of possible chang es to CMO and re lated filing (s).\nThe court indicates that it is persuaded by the United States of America’ s Motion for a\nSupplemental Case Managem ent Order (Dkt. #B-1772). Mr. De Paoli anticipates that defendants’\nresponse to the motion will be informative and educa tional to the court with regard to the threshold\nissues and what District Judge Reed was trying to accomplish in the original Case Management\nOrde r (“CMO” ). Mr. De Paoli suggests that discussing the topic of threshold issues be delay ed until\nthe United States’ motion is fully briefe d. \nThe court direc ts the parties to fully brief the United States’ Motion for Supplemental Case\nManag ement Or der. Response Brief due : Frida y, Januar y 11, 2013; Reply Brief due : Frida y,\nJanuar y 25, 2013. \n2. C-125-C: Completion of Service a nd Service Issues:\na. Status update from Mineral County /Walker Lake Working Group on service .\nMr. Herskovits indicates that the service packa ge mailing was done after the court issued the\norder regarding completion of service in August of 2012. Currently , a proce ss serve r is in the\nproce ss of eff ecting persona l service on those defe ndants who did not sign a nd return a waiver . \nMr. Herskovits informs the court that Mineral County is encounte ring a small number of instances Case 3:73-cv-00128-RCJ-WGC Document 655 Filed 12/13/12 Page 3 of 6 MINUTES OF P ROCEEDINGS\n3:73-CV-0125-RCJ -WGC\n3:73-CV-0127-RCJ -WGC\n3:73-CV-0128-RCJ -WGC\nDate: De cembe r 13, 2012 \nPage 4\nin which the water rights have been transfe rred or in which some inacc uracy or need for additional\nresearch and clarification the proper persons or entities that need to be serve d. Mineral County\nanticipates to file a service repor t to the court either by the end of 2012 or ea rly 2013. \nb. Status update from Mineral County /Walker Lake Working Group on its effort\nto compile a list of pro se parties.\nMr. Herskovits indicates that Mineral County has compiled a list of pro se parties but\ncontinues to add to that list as Mineral County is currently in the proces s of finishing service . \nMineral County will circulate a list of pro se parties whe n service is complete. \n3. Issues Common to Both Subproceeding s:\na. Publication:\ni. Scope: general notice and notice to identif ied but unserve d\npersons/entities.\nii. Proposal for publica tion process.\nCurrently , and to the extent possible, the United States and Tribe continue to be in the\nproce ss of effecting persona l service s. The proposed time frame for which service will be complete\nis sometime in Marc h or early April. Ms. Schneider suggests that Mr. Guar ino prepa re a publication\npropo sal, which would be circulated among the primary parties sometime in Februar y, then\nsubmitt ed to the court for approva l sometime there after so that it can be implemented once service\nis deeme d complete. Mr. Hers kovits reque sts that Mineral County confe r with Mr. Guar ino\nregarding the publication proposal because it will apply to the C-125-C case as well. The court has\nno objection and agrees that both Ms. Schneider ’s and Mr. Herskovits’ suggestions are appropr iate\nand shall proc eed a s such.\nb. Notification protocol and use in each sub-proc eeding : Completion of draft E-\nservice order . A draft proposed Order Regarding Service and Filing In\nSubprocee ding C-125-B On and By Unreprese nted Parties is attache d to this\nagenda f or review and disc ussion with the Court.\nMs. Schneider represents that there have been no objections made by the parties with regard\nto the proposed order . The court is inclined to approve the proposed order ; howeve r, at this time it\nappea rs to be prema ture. In light of this, the court direc ts that Ms. Schneider and Lia Griff in\n(Ope rations Manag er for the USDC, Clerk’s Offic e) meet and discuss possible solutions to perfect\nthe order in such a way that is agreeable with all parties. The court reque sts that the proposed order\nbe re -filed no late r than F riday , Dec ember 21, 2012. Case 3:73-cv-00128-RCJ-WGC Document 655 Filed 12/13/12 Page 4 of 6 MINUTES OF P ROCEEDINGS\n3:73-CV-0125-RCJ -WGC\n3:73-CV-0127-RCJ -WGC\n3:73-CV-0128-RCJ -WGC\nDate: De cembe r 13, 2012 \nPage 5\nc. Website updates: status and coor dination with Cl erk’s Offic e.\nLia Griff in indicates that the website is ready to be activate d. Ms. Griff in explains that there\nare two possible ways to access the “Walker River” website. One way is to access the website\ndirec tly at: www.e cf.nv.usc ourts.g ov/case display ; the other is by selec ting the “Walker River”\nhyperlink on the District of Neva da’s officia l website: www.nvd.usc ourt.g ov. In order to implement\nthe websit e howeve r, Ms. Griff in indicates that a Gene ral Orde r would need approva l by Chief\nJudge Robert C. Jones. In light of Ms. Gr iffin’s re prese ntation, the court c oncurs that the w ebsite\nappea rs to be ready for implementation and direc ts that a Gene ral Orde r be prepa red and submitt ed\nto Chief J udge Jones for appr oval. \nThe court, Ms. Schneider and Mr. Herskovits reque st to be included in any “tests-runs” done\nby the clerk’s office to ensure that the website is proper ly functioning . Ms. Griff in agrees to\naccommodate this request. \n4. Such additional issues that may be identified subsequent to the filing of this ag enda and/or\nat the status conf erence.\nThe court inquires during the status confe rence the status of briefing with regard to Mineral\nCounty ’s Motion for Interve ntion. Mr. Herskovits represents that it appea rs that the parties are\ncomply ing with the schedule d deadlines and briefing is almost complete. The court is contemplating\nserving some type of notice, when briefing is complete, to be serve d on all defendants. There after,\nany person of interest may have thirty (30) days to submit any additional comments with reg ard to\nintervention. \nMr. Herskovits agrees that this suggestion by the court may be a sensible way to proce ed;\nhoweve r, Mr. Herskovits reque sts that Mineral Count y be able to file a supplement al reply to any\nnew issues or arguments raised by the new filings submitt ed by those defendants who respond to the\nnotice. The court explains that this topic may need to be addre ssed by Chief Judge Jones. In the\ninterim, however, the court direc ts Mr. Herskovits to prepa re a proposed order , which shall be\ncirculated among the primary parties, and then be submitt ed to the court so that it can be discussed\nduring the next st atus confe rence. \n5. Confirmation of next st atus confe rence and/or informal mee tings. \nNext status confe rence is set for Thursday , Februar y 7, 2013 , at 10:00 a.m. Counsel are\nencour aged to attend the confe rence in person; howeve r, counsel who wish to appear by telephone\nshall dial 1-877-873- 8017, enter the access code 3416460, and enter the secur ity code 20713,\napproximately five (5) minutes prior to the hea ring. Case 3:73-cv-00128-RCJ-WGC Document 655 Filed 12/13/12 Page 5 of 6 MINUTES OF P ROCEEDINGS\n3:73-CV-0125-RCJ -WGC\n3:73-CV-0127-RCJ -WGC\n3:73-CV-0128-RCJ -WGC\nDate: De cembe r 13, 2012 \nPage 6\nIT IS SO ORDERED.\n12:04 p.m. Court adjourns.\nLANCE S. WI LSON, CL ERK\nBy: /s/ \n Katie L ynn Og den, De puty Clerk Case 3:73-cv-00128-RCJ-WGC Document 655 Filed 12/13/12 Page 6 of 6"
} |
[
-0.044126927852630615,
0.034211453050374985,
0.0023193424567580223,
-0.024474767968058586,
0.002936007920652628,
0.03718867897987366,
0.0022612593602389097,
-0.021022696048021317,
-0.06080658361315727,
0.010234111919999123,
-0.024998771026730537,
0.06656081229448318,
0.016072792932391167,
-0.06926066428422928,
-0.0312730148434639,
0.021532002836465836,
0.01363347563892603,
0.010719233192503452,
-0.03741694614291191,
0.1384565383195877,
-0.05676824599504471,
0.07618903368711472,
0.03197786957025528,
0.10335501283407211,
0.030447915196418762,
-0.02461158111691475,
-0.02042851224541664,
-0.05516098812222481,
-0.05716199427843094,
0.02919422648847103,
0.04050848260521889,
-0.0619189590215683,
-0.011781999841332436,
0.024458307772874832,
0.03227049112319946,
-0.03355100750923157,
-0.022236783057451248,
0.030914535745978355,
-0.07085243612527847,
0.025383634492754936,
0.01330579910427332,
-0.027876725420355797,
-0.12080707401037216,
0.040486108511686325,
0.014641338028013706,
-0.006991398520767689,
0.020323168486356735,
0.03833986818790436,
0.02877267263829708,
0.06691775470972061,
-0.06698205322027206,
-0.020403897389769554,
0.012323880568146706,
-0.05566057935357094,
0.0280571561306715,
-0.03297335281968117,
-0.03907056897878647,
-0.023431425914168358,
-0.07288897037506104,
0.06222156435251236,
-0.008545215241611004,
0.006189038511365652,
-0.003918190952390432,
0.07368022203445435,
-0.05799805000424385,
0.055524349212646484,
-0.013351132161915302,
-0.05257747322320938,
-0.052232157438993454,
0.010715204291045666,
-0.04580232873558998,
-0.004139238502830267,
0.06509971618652344,
-0.008368156850337982,
0.024616185575723648,
-0.0001891500287456438,
0.03729354590177536,
0.07705595344305038,
0.07397803664207458,
-0.003576850052922964,
0.06647348403930664,
-0.04495074972510338,
-0.012288659811019897,
-0.00491751916706562,
-0.0222280565649271,
-0.015431540086865425,
-0.09554171562194824,
-0.0571778304874897,
-0.01823774166405201,
-0.09639327973127365,
0.022580062970519066,
-0.03531354293227196,
0.026894504204392433,
0.007965984754264355,
0.03344215080142021,
0.015500159002840519,
-0.002287463750690222,
-0.04888041689991951,
-0.0339285172522068,
0.03958811238408089,
-0.04404063522815704,
-0.007925043813884258,
0.04384893923997879,
-0.07103875279426575,
-0.0579184964299202,
-0.047396108508110046,
0.008281730115413666,
0.07429752498865128,
0.003933603409677744,
0.03495018184185028,
0.08987659960985184,
-0.01618482917547226,
-0.046908408403396606,
0.0010433075949549675,
-0.022573383525013924,
0.03626594319939613,
0.006399841513484716,
-0.050364281982183456,
0.05974660441279411,
0.030951039865612984,
-0.019805986434221268,
-0.004968786612153053,
-0.10149042308330536,
-0.038938432931900024,
0.034679487347602844,
0.0035179690457880497,
-0.005464483983814716,
2.783875883936406e-33,
0.06082600727677345,
0.05181094631552696,
0.11839218437671661,
-0.05977357551455498,
-0.062239665538072586,
0.001974516548216343,
0.019256776198744774,
-0.08497478812932968,
-0.0053990688174963,
-0.05285229906439781,
-0.055059485137462616,
0.001422715256921947,
0.04491275176405907,
0.001357798115350306,
-0.04725952073931694,
-0.07889781892299652,
-0.13748838007450104,
0.013792317360639572,
-0.034176796674728394,
0.02197626791894436,
-0.03413037583231926,
-0.008254092186689377,
0.023480895906686783,
-0.056299157440662384,
0.006034316960722208,
-0.02393883839249611,
0.02280331403017044,
-0.09960620105266571,
0.04053431376814842,
0.02421637810766697,
0.016947023570537567,
0.06468652933835983,
0.013283081352710724,
0.0021278185304254293,
-0.03823442384600639,
-0.028125472366809845,
-0.05521761253476143,
-0.011649362742900848,
-0.04270177334547043,
-0.09459958970546722,
-0.013289406895637512,
0.018542524427175522,
0.012920627370476723,
0.05224340781569481,
0.07309215515851974,
-0.0047786119394004345,
0.05100662633776665,
0.015798959881067276,
-0.09597278386354446,
-0.07766031473875046,
-0.0341910719871521,
0.06801891326904297,
0.009865453466773033,
0.024199843406677246,
0.021784890443086624,
-0.07255406677722931,
-0.018026202917099,
-0.0030717565678060055,
-0.014225992374122143,
0.002039934741333127,
-0.002879484323784709,
-0.03381384164094925,
0.017860576510429382,
-0.008817729540169239,
-0.09967169165611267,
0.03386221453547478,
-0.10826994478702545,
-0.010316235013306141,
0.00910168420523405,
0.043124035000801086,
0.066945381462574,
-0.012623435817658901,
-0.03366238996386528,
0.006149676162749529,
-0.016910189762711525,
0.02935817837715149,
0.043407589197158813,
-0.04276655986905098,
0.0063734110444784164,
-0.0031012811232358217,
-0.06976795196533203,
-0.015647683292627335,
0.010573546402156353,
0.05560264736413956,
0.1042853519320488,
0.003779097693040967,
0.021344244480133057,
0.07417771965265274,
0.010472002439200878,
-0.03418903797864914,
-0.044862184673547745,
0.0533725842833519,
0.03542046248912811,
0.007926099933683872,
0.03731472045183182,
-6.177621012282462e-33,
-0.013232261873781681,
0.04835641384124756,
0.038237206637859344,
-0.01342661865055561,
0.03019525669515133,
-0.07090401649475098,
-0.05218854174017906,
-0.056263867765665054,
0.10025285929441452,
-0.08487426489591599,
0.014247461222112179,
0.08519252389669418,
0.043914053589105606,
0.014555506408214569,
-0.03569610044360161,
0.020668162032961845,
-0.018603576347231865,
-0.11888130754232407,
0.027807559818029404,
0.009591825306415558,
-0.006873155944049358,
0.09257655590772629,
-0.02246715873479843,
0.0699692964553833,
-0.0183002520352602,
0.009672709740698338,
-0.01481614913791418,
0.029539749026298523,
0.09889572858810425,
-0.07272326946258545,
-0.10559503734111786,
-0.023534657433629036,
-0.042280711233615875,
0.007415602914988995,
0.0029272849205881357,
0.025298571214079857,
-0.0012602136703208089,
-0.018415311351418495,
-0.030918851494789124,
-0.0031255309004336596,
0.10976198315620422,
-0.09014254808425903,
-0.06995812058448792,
0.0003574320289772004,
0.058795396238565445,
0.006544493604451418,
-0.001712594646960497,
-0.0064481087028980255,
-0.04964905232191086,
0.03285752981901169,
-0.05772005394101143,
-0.019123421981930733,
0.023106703534722328,
0.08954332768917084,
-0.0446176715195179,
0.03365679457783699,
0.051807042211294174,
-0.018886573612689972,
-0.04687918722629547,
0.010991454124450684,
-0.020572466775774956,
0.06675632297992706,
-0.04033614695072174,
-0.01921072043478489,
0.006330837029963732,
-0.023309968411922455,
0.09751040488481522,
-0.10896913707256317,
0.08102016150951385,
-0.04314320906996727,
-0.04171966016292572,
-0.09644259512424469,
-0.09356843680143356,
-0.04675716906785965,
0.04968686029314995,
0.04114017263054848,
-0.04662344604730606,
-0.02321883663535118,
-0.07822276651859283,
0.06851616501808167,
0.08062610775232315,
-0.1017569974064827,
0.0032633633818477392,
-0.0281886775046587,
-0.02056245692074299,
0.01691131666302681,
-0.02139963209629059,
-0.0569644533097744,
-0.05316971614956856,
0.1487400382757187,
-0.11043500155210495,
0.0465974323451519,
-0.04422019422054291,
-0.020254068076610565,
-0.06700798869132996,
-5.56887620462021e-8,
0.10434869676828384,
0.02135438844561577,
0.030384600162506104,
-0.024391451850533485,
0.020709726959466934,
-0.024936409667134285,
-0.09724970906972885,
0.09283663332462311,
-0.015115426853299141,
0.02078605443239212,
0.164092019200325,
0.14678573608398438,
0.07416877150535583,
-0.023791534826159477,
-0.0355670191347599,
0.020505908876657486,
-0.08409614861011505,
0.05538913235068321,
-0.040679994970560074,
-0.009218732826411724,
-0.04868346452713013,
0.03691829741001129,
-0.023385843262076378,
0.005879811476916075,
-0.022277669981122017,
0.11613401025533676,
-0.020834822207689285,
0.04934779927134514,
-0.012192262336611748,
-0.03907931596040726,
0.03084871731698513,
0.02949061617255211,
0.03891272097826004,
0.03653369098901749,
-0.053560543805360794,
-0.0797637477517128,
-0.027861298993229866,
0.052351970225572586,
0.0679272711277008,
-0.07596362382173538,
0.044298380613327026,
0.08148898929357529,
0.000023538354071206413,
0.05088657885789871,
-0.021721819415688515,
-0.07647328078746796,
-0.03497335687279701,
0.028824392706155777,
0.041280973702669144,
-0.07100618630647659,
-0.035126082599163055,
0.012966251000761986,
0.06450758129358292,
0.013196428306400776,
0.05127846449613571,
-0.01297688763588667,
-0.027858002111315727,
-0.04676638916134834,
-0.09088202565908432,
0.049558620899915695,
-0.027895929291844368,
-0.07568664848804474,
0.013464354909956455,
0.059300463646650314
] | {
"pdf_file": "WIDI4ZVJQJ2UTYOZRQKSL55ZQJQDNHX7.pdf",
"text": "CONGRESSMAN CARNAHAN STATEMENT ON FUTURE OF HEALTH CARE REFORM\nWednesday, March 3, 2010 \nJim Hubbard, 202-225-2671 \n(WASHINGTON, DC) - Congressman Russ Carnahan (MO-3) issued the following statement\nreacting to President Obama's latest remarks on the status of health care reform legislation.\n \"While progress has been stalled by partisan bickering and profiteers of the status quo\nin Washington, the costs of health insurance have continued to increase for thousands\nof Missourians. Don't take my word for it. Simply look to how much you were paying a\nyear, five and ten years ago where on average the rates have doubled.\n \"The fact is, health care costs are climbing out of reach for far too many Americans -\nAmericans who could afford it just a few years ago. Doing nothing is simply not an\noption. We need to rein in costs by passing reforms that hold insurance companies\naccountable. After months and years of debate, we can pass health insurance reform\nthat includes strong ideas from both parties. \n \"It's time to have an up or down vote on whether to reform our health care system.\nThose who oppose holding health insurance companies accountable by forcing them to\nput patients first may try blocking needed reforms, but I refuse to turn my back on\npeople I represent when our broken system requires action to improve our economy and\nour health care.\"\n -- Congressman Russ Carnahan (MO-3)\n \n###\n \n 1 / 1"
} |
[
-0.01296208705753088,
-0.005292320158332586,
-0.04391953721642494,
-0.04544403776526451,
0.016260243952274323,
0.005160995293408632,
-0.027582131326198578,
0.08054875582456589,
-0.020428838208317757,
0.05238005146384239,
0.014562769792973995,
-0.08160996437072754,
0.008955183438956738,
0.007280705031007528,
-0.061846040189266205,
0.004254271276295185,
0.03835083171725273,
-0.014630267396569252,
-0.0948261022567749,
-0.043899379670619965,
0.04072406515479088,
0.06583961099386215,
-0.05719376355409622,
-0.005704611074179411,
-0.011970311403274536,
0.005627569742500782,
-0.054768554866313934,
0.0034662573598325253,
-0.0737006738781929,
-0.00903718825429678,
-0.0031046741642057896,
0.1083618551492691,
0.08563642203807831,
0.01690371334552765,
0.024659454822540283,
0.1250578612089157,
0.01259583979845047,
-0.05459548532962799,
0.08761569857597351,
-0.04634248465299606,
-0.036386966705322266,
-0.04877077788114548,
0.02209671214222908,
-0.013704823330044746,
0.026623010635375977,
-0.04498157277703285,
-0.03411610424518585,
-0.011684716679155827,
0.05911517143249512,
0.0229385644197464,
-0.03782709687948227,
-0.033968351781368256,
0.010049944743514061,
0.0092240571975708,
-0.012894947081804276,
-0.01431151945143938,
-0.008116132579743862,
-0.0015796446241438389,
-0.02961101196706295,
0.047515518963336945,
-0.02345341071486473,
-0.0008794646710157394,
0.06730514019727707,
0.017406683415174484,
0.01875520497560501,
-0.07092202454805374,
-0.06941763311624527,
0.008142998442053795,
-0.06614399701356888,
-0.12377550452947617,
0.03940800204873085,
-0.11341439932584763,
-0.09066808223724365,
-0.062474776059389114,
-0.040686510503292084,
0.028643721714615822,
0.01427325140684843,
0.11315416544675827,
0.09333504736423492,
-0.10782989114522934,
0.02433634176850319,
0.05567784234881401,
0.020208649337291718,
-0.0635623037815094,
-0.022525480017066002,
0.006826949305832386,
0.039079852402210236,
0.030141403898596764,
0.07744351029396057,
0.003969718236476183,
0.01779031753540039,
-0.02185150980949402,
-0.04274684563279152,
-0.023326357826590538,
0.05344221740961075,
0.0008133468800224364,
-0.07299570739269257,
-0.06306391209363937,
-0.05703238025307655,
0.05570020526647568,
0.028531577438116074,
-0.017518891021609306,
-0.009662898257374763,
-0.02824990451335907,
-0.1163908839225769,
-0.05778520181775093,
-0.0021208547987043858,
-0.018155330792069435,
-0.0229032039642334,
0.023993173614144325,
-0.05038214847445488,
0.04842972010374069,
-0.0529654435813427,
-0.016529109328985214,
-0.00981102418154478,
0.04387182742357254,
-0.05599285662174225,
-0.009049545973539352,
0.11027414351701736,
-0.05957883596420288,
0.02746598608791828,
0.00833494495600462,
-0.008796236477792263,
-0.014875547029078007,
0.015336074866354465,
0.012030130252242088,
-0.024492690339684486,
5.608301180188396e-33,
-0.1335105448961258,
-0.013730977661907673,
-0.06769014894962311,
0.06028912216424942,
-0.022381367161870003,
-0.09175856411457062,
0.03322362154722214,
0.022395310923457146,
-0.012741847895085812,
0.0028562378138303757,
-0.05187927931547165,
0.13068680465221405,
-0.01844039186835289,
-0.017642371356487274,
0.02129468508064747,
-0.0053953868336975574,
0.007588822860270739,
0.03383359685540199,
0.09244242310523987,
-0.03726155310869217,
0.01791839860379696,
-0.055807385593652725,
0.018490765243768692,
-0.02678607776761055,
0.1557328999042511,
0.0485517717897892,
0.057225581258535385,
-0.06756708025932312,
0.0048695881851017475,
0.04093411564826965,
0.12842346727848053,
-0.023808633908629417,
-0.02407347410917282,
-0.11901059746742249,
-0.0575600229203701,
-0.01330634206533432,
-0.004584874026477337,
-0.0355304591357708,
-0.005387431941926479,
0.031144531443715096,
-0.02394166588783264,
0.04193027317523956,
0.03768737614154816,
0.027960238978266716,
0.01818821392953396,
0.030097603797912598,
0.04882590100169182,
0.07028351724147797,
0.050328392535448074,
0.04911191761493683,
0.002966534812003374,
-0.06609942764043808,
0.021349359303712845,
-0.047436729073524475,
-0.00953728798776865,
-0.011514648795127869,
-0.004372667521238327,
-0.027442198246717453,
-0.06648969650268555,
-0.02558051235973835,
-0.045479029417037964,
-0.03552797809243202,
-0.08051259815692902,
0.027162743732333183,
-0.026761220768094063,
-0.012565982528030872,
-0.02279062755405903,
0.06683184951543808,
0.11093659698963165,
0.12509874999523163,
-0.05731586739420891,
-0.07557225227355957,
0.018147757276892662,
0.008133629336953163,
0.03171074762940407,
-0.10859416425228119,
-0.009366990067064762,
0.07574189454317093,
-0.04053857550024986,
0.007671309169381857,
-0.0004636314115487039,
0.06828289479017258,
-0.050524964928627014,
0.026322156190872192,
-0.0232602097094059,
0.022164514288306236,
0.007753852754831314,
0.03212311491370201,
-0.024865521118044853,
-0.08542880415916443,
0.0557626448571682,
0.019898882135748863,
-0.024632863700389862,
0.11200383305549622,
0.03752879053354263,
-6.854327396111929e-33,
0.018367862328886986,
0.04991217702627182,
-0.02301938086748123,
0.0049306172877550125,
0.04538250342011452,
-0.05099628493189812,
0.05255366116762161,
0.015782710164785385,
0.042559899389743805,
-0.01034056581556797,
-0.041151441633701324,
-0.012941072694957256,
-0.03536190465092659,
0.008306119590997696,
-0.08827006071805954,
-0.009734147228300571,
-0.04761631414294243,
-0.008753392845392227,
0.015638254582881927,
0.011670445092022419,
0.013948832638561726,
0.11389612406492233,
0.04830440133810043,
-0.028351863846182823,
-0.017424311488866806,
0.01882258802652359,
-0.055862195789813995,
0.0231514610350132,
0.02463071420788765,
-0.07057178765535355,
0.01186142023652792,
-0.09246595203876495,
-0.0687294751405716,
0.0008172778179869056,
-0.0987934023141861,
-0.061584822833538055,
0.14553719758987427,
-0.09367061406373978,
-0.06801482290029526,
0.07585128396749496,
0.11319402605295181,
-0.0026130778715014458,
-0.05013412982225418,
0.0974995344877243,
-0.06490930914878845,
-0.001977813197299838,
0.03101455606520176,
0.04621046036481857,
0.05098297819495201,
-0.02026296965777874,
-0.01680322363972664,
-0.04707254841923714,
0.03226735070347786,
-0.03633102774620056,
0.018984489142894745,
-0.005304449703544378,
0.09060820937156677,
-0.021669281646609306,
-0.10480283945798874,
0.02577243745326996,
0.05480147525668144,
0.07096154987812042,
0.04895911365747452,
0.039023395627737045,
0.0017243180191144347,
-0.014697806909680367,
0.0054678721353411674,
-0.03950883075594902,
-0.03169795870780945,
-0.03950829803943634,
0.003693258622661233,
-0.052417926490306854,
-0.05598243698477745,
-0.05780508741736412,
-0.022372815757989883,
0.06141170859336853,
0.029535770416259766,
-0.06033630296587944,
0.017349043861031532,
-0.02753647416830063,
-0.05046526715159416,
0.003163120476529002,
-0.01489501167088747,
0.05293525755405426,
0.0715034008026123,
0.044956982135772705,
0.016086142510175705,
-0.0001868000690592453,
0.05546163395047188,
0.059692155569791794,
-0.12937001883983612,
0.03553583845496178,
0.07346917688846588,
0.0518595315515995,
-0.06266681849956512,
-6.102401073349029e-8,
-0.009970396757125854,
0.027511684224009514,
-0.048572394996881485,
0.010763495229184628,
0.004296716768294573,
-0.05692705512046814,
-0.07967480272054672,
0.020375998690724373,
0.044017523527145386,
-0.009587934240698814,
-0.04106622189283371,
0.07971908152103424,
-0.1014886200428009,
-0.002921928185969591,
-0.01277029700577259,
0.0038531124591827393,
0.007522089872509241,
0.00389301055110991,
-0.020981131121516228,
-0.004268595017492771,
0.0428885892033577,
0.0060472870245575905,
-0.014494111761450768,
-0.08251123875379562,
0.014011714607477188,
-0.04554515704512596,
-0.0235277209430933,
0.07117263227701187,
0.0686323270201683,
0.063225656747818,
0.009038851596415043,
0.031332679092884064,
0.08476413041353226,
-0.00824014376848936,
-0.033964693546295166,
-0.005840872880071402,
-0.0024158756714314222,
0.04421931877732277,
0.040014080703258514,
-0.03512396663427353,
-0.03647581860423088,
-0.028094103559851646,
0.02118540368974209,
-0.027320602908730507,
0.002814025152474642,
0.0438925139605999,
-0.09675607085227966,
-0.01835484616458416,
0.07008863985538483,
-0.037583135068416595,
-0.03712444379925728,
-0.06439240276813507,
0.02043822966516018,
0.057000532746315,
0.007794840261340141,
-0.0071922484785318375,
0.031013017520308495,
-0.07455199956893921,
0.11796299368143082,
0.013363968580961227,
0.03986043855547905,
-0.07334680110216141,
-0.029590055346488953,
0.024926718324422836
] | {
"pdf_file": "KV25SHM4P3UZHVNNEAE3OZSJ23D3BXZH.pdf",
"text": "EXHIBIT 300 UII 005-000001870\nExhibit 300: Capital Asset Summary\nPart I: Summary Information And Justification (All Capital Assets)\nSection A: Overview & Summary Information\nDate Investment First Submitted: 2009-06-30\nDate of Last Change to Activities: 2012-11-30\nInvestment Auto Submission Date: 2013-03-24\nDate of Last Investment Detail Update: 2013-06-25\nDate of Last Exhibit 300A Update: 2013-06-25\nDate of Last Revision: 2013-06-25\nAgency: 005 - Department of Agriculture Bureau: 49 - Farm Service Agency\n1. Name of this Investment: Farm Program Modernization (MIDAS) #097\n2. Unique Investment Identifier (UII): 005-000001870\nSection B: Investment Detail\n1. Briefly describe the investment’s purpose, goals, and current or anticipated benefits\n(quantitative and/or qualitative). Include the investment’s specific contribution to\nmission delivery or agency management support functions and identify key customers,\nstakeholders, and other beneficiaries.\n The Modernize and Innovate the Delivery of Agricultural Systems (MIDAS) program will\ntransform Farm Service Agency's (FSA) delivery of Farm Program benefits, on behalf of the\nCommodity Credit Corporation (CCC), into a 21st century business model. This project will\nprovide capability to meet the increasing demand for customer self-service and eliminate\nFSA's reliance on aging technology. This project will reduce the risk of hardware failure by\nreplacing the farm program applications residing on the outdated AS400/S36 computing\nplatform with an integrated COTS solution, SAP. This project will reengineer business\nprocesses to be common and centralize data assets to support farm programs, eliminate\nprogram specific duplication of functionality and non-integrated, distributed data that exists\nbetween farm program software applications. It will accomplish increased compliance with\nmodern internal control structures and effectively implement improved IT security. MIDAS will\ninstall commitment-based accounting practices (e.g., obligations, commitments, outlays,\nfunds control) to upgrade both the program and financial management business practices of\nthe CCC. The project is intended to align with Office of the Chief Financial Officer's (OCFO)\nFinancial Management Modernization Initiative (FMMI) investment.\n2. Briefly describe how the investment contributes to the agency target EA and its role\nin the Enterprise Roadmap. Include a description of how the investment includes or\nwill achieve programmatic or technical innovation. \n MIDAS is aligned with USDA Target Enterprise Architecture. The USDA EA Division (EAD) is\ncreating an initial Enterprise Roadmap where MIDAS will be explicitly named and highlighted\nas one of the most important IT investments for USDA. MIDAS can be considered to be well\naligned with the USDA Target Enterprise Architecture. MIDAS is aligned with USDA\nPage 1 / 11 of Section300 Date of Last Revision: 2013-06-25 Exhibit 300 (2012) EXHIBIT 300 UII 005-000001870\n2010-2015 Strategic Plan. Initiative IV: Leverage USDA Departmental Management to\nIncrease Performance, Efficiency, and Alignment - MIDAS will help to reduce Improper\nPayments through an integrated solution that will streamline the payment process and reduce\nhuman errors. - MIDAS will leverage streamlined operations of FMMI to disburse payments. \nInitiative V: Optimize Information Technology (IT) Policy and Applications - MIDAS will\nleverage the latest technology to improve and support program delivery of services, benefits\nand communication - MIDAS will implement an integrated COTS solution providing a secured\nand robust delivery platform for Farm Benefit Programs MIDAS is aligned with Farm Service\nAgency (FSA) 2012-2016 Strategic Plan. Strategic Goal 4: Transform and modernize the\nFarm Service Agency As stated in FSA Strategic Plan 2012-2016, the FSA is transforming its\nsystems and applications into a set of enterprise services and eliminating legacy systems,\nservers, and duplicative data environments. Achieving the goal of transforming and\nmodernizing key systems, business processes, and support activities will facilitate mission\nsuccess and enhance the accountability, efficiency, and effectiveness of service delivery. \nObjective 4.3: Modernize Program and Service Delivery MIDAS will allow FSA to respond\nmore promptly to customer demands and meet future challenges. MIDAS will enable an\naccess program and financial management data to ensure strategic decisions are based on\nvalid data. Increased online access will enhance customer self-sufficiency and usability,\nreducing field office trips, transaction processing, data entry, and paperwork. Objective 4.4:\nImprove Customer Service MIDAS will improve the customer service capabilities and allow\nFSA to use analytics to evaluate the consistency of customer service. MIDAS will expand\nbeyond the traditional walk-in local offices and ensure that customers are aware of available\neservices and that these services are easy to use. MIDAS will review and improve business\nprocesses to ensure we are effectively delivering our programs and services.\n3. Provide the investment’s currently projected return on investment (ROI) percentage,\nas documented in the most recent alternatives analysis, and the date that it was\nestablished.\na. Current ROI: \nb. Date of Current ROI: \n4. In the section below, indicate if the investment in whole or in part specifically\naddresses any of the following types of requirements.\n Note: Where “Yes” is indicated, provide a brief description of the requirement and\nhow the investment will meet the requirement. Include citations within descriptions, if\navailable. Provide any URLs associated with each requirement. If citing the Agency\nPerformance Plan, provide the applicable “PRM” code from Performance.gov.\na. Legislative Mandate: \n Required By: YES\n Description: As applicable, the MIDAS program is working to align with the U.S. CIO 25\nPoint Implementation Plan to Reform Federal Information Technology Management .\n Associated URLs: \n http://www.google.com/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=u.s.+cio+25+point+implementation+plan&sourc\nPage 2 / 11 of Section300 Date of Last Revision: 2013-06-25 Exhibit 300 (2012) EXHIBIT 300 UII 005-000001870\ne=web&cd=1&ved=0CFIQFjAA&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cio.gov%2Fdocuments%2\nF25-point-implementation-plan-to-reform-federal%2520it.pdf&ei=wYDoT_qdMeik6gG-t\nuXeDg&usg=AFQjCNGSULuy7DBY92MDP2WF48ExcnxV6g\nb. Outstanding Audit Finding or Material Weakness:\n Required By: NO\n Description: \n Associated URLs: \nc. Published Agency Strategic Plan/Annual Performance Plan:\n Required By: YES\n Description: MIDAS is aligned with USDA Management Initiative #4 (Leverage USDA\nDepartmental Management to Increase Performance, Efficiency, and Alignment) and #5\n(Optimize Information Technology (IT) Policy and Applications), as defined in USDA\n2010-2015 Strategic Plan. MIDAS is aligned with FSA Strategic Goal #4 (Transform and\nmodernize the Farm Service Agency), as defined in Farm Service Agency (FSA)\n2012-2016 Strategic Plan.\n Associated URLs: \n http://www.ocfo.usda.gov/usdasp/sp2010/sp2010.pdf \nhttp://www.fsa.usda.gov/Internet/FSA_File/fsa-strategic_plan_12-16.pdf\nPRM Codes: \n 001-003-002\nd. Presidential Direction: \n Required By: NO\n Description: \n Associated URLs: \ne. Other Requirement: \n Required By: NO\n Description: \n Associated URLs: \n5. Provide a description of the investment’s progress and accomplishments in the PY,\nincluding the investment’s overall performance against baseline goals, targets,\nsignificant milestones, or performance measures, and any corrective actions taken to\naddress performance deficiencies.\n Planning/Acquisition:Implemented Governance construct. Acquired enterprise SAP licenses\nin FY12 Q4. Conducted USDA TechStat in FY13 Q1; created improvement plan. Realigned\nRelease 1 to D1.0 Farm Records (FR), D1.0 Acreage Reporting/Inventory Reporting (AR/IR)\nand D1.1 MAL/BIN deployments. Solution:Deployed SolMan, HPQC, ARIS, and uPerform.\nDeployed D1.0 and D1.1 DEV/TEST environments for SAP, GIS, and Web Farm platforms.\nDeployed PROD environments for SAP and GIS. Completed System Requirements\nReview/System Functional Review in FY12 Q1 (D1.0) and FY13 Q1 (D1.1). Deployed Proof\nof Concept/Demo in FY11 Q2. Completed D1.0 Critical Design Review in FY12 Q2.\nCompleted D1.0 FR Test Readiness Review in FY12 Q4. Completed D1.0 FR Final Prep\nReadiness Review in FY13 Q2. Received interim Authority to Operate. Completed FR\nGo-Live Readiness Review and deployed nationwide in FY13 Q3. OCM:Established Change\nAgent Network (CAN) and Super Users. Completed 100% of End-User Training as of 6/6/13.\nPage 3 / 11 of Section300 Date of Last Revision: 2013-06-25 Exhibit 300 (2012) EXHIBIT 300 UII 005-000001870\n6. Describe the investment’s objectives for the CY, BY, and budget out years, if\navailable, including specific accomplishments to achieve, realize, or continue to\nachieve the benefits cited in question B.1. above. \n Planned Accomplishments for CY Planning/Acquisition: Finalize MIDAS Release Plan and\ndetailed planning/acquisition for Release 2. Solution: Complete technical design,\ndevelopment, testing, and data conversions for remaining R1 deployments. Deploy R1 D1.0\nAR/IR and D1.1 MAL/BIN in FY13/FY14. OCM: Complete D1.0 FR end user training.\nConduct Training for O&M support team and larger FSA organization, as budget allows.\nComplete D1.0 AR/IR and D1.1 MAL/BIN end user role mapping and supporting training. \nSustainment Operations: Perform 90 days of stabilization after initial Go-Live. Complete\npreparations for O&M (people, process and tools) and initiate ongoing O&M support. Planned\nAccomplishments for BY Full Operating Capability: MIDAS will implement Full Operating\nCapability (FOC) in accordance with MIDAS deployment plan. Complete System\nRequirements documentation, Process Modeling, and System Design. Complete Detailed\nDesign, Development, and Testing. Identify legacy data and prepare for converting into\nMIDAS. Execute mock conversions and final data conversions. Complete Data Conversions\nand conduct training. Planned Accomplishments for Out Years.\n7. If this investment will result in the elimination or the reduction of another\ninvestment(s), please complete the following:\n Table I.B.1 Affected Investment Information\nInvestment UII Status\nNONE\n8. Does this investment include the following? \na. A shared service (intra-or inter-agency—current and/or planned): NO\nb. A data center (current and/or planned): NO\nc. PIV-enabled systems (per HSPD-12) (all systems currently PIV-enabled): NO\nd. Cloud computing (current and/or planned): NO\ne. APIs (application programming interfaces) consistent with the Digital Government\nStrategy: NO\n9. Provide any URLs related to the investment and indicate how they are related. Identify\neach URL’s relationship to the investment (if applicable). \n Table I.B.2 URL's Related to the Investment\nURL A. Provides publicly\naccessible datasets\nproduced by thisB. Provides a\npublicly accessible\nAPI to provideC. Links to social\nmedia about this\ninvestment.D. Provides general\ninformation about\nthis investment.E. Provides general\ninformation about\nthe business\nPage 4 / 11 of Section300 Date of Last Revision: 2013-06-25 Exhibit 300 (2012) EXHIBIT 300 UII 005-000001870\nTable I.B.2 URL's Related to the Investment\nURL A. Provides publicly\naccessible datasets\nproduced by this\ninvestment.B. Provides a\npublicly accessible\nAPI to provide\naccess to data from\nthis investment.C. Links to social\nmedia about this\ninvestment.D. Provides general\ninformation about\nthis investment.E. Provides general\ninformation about\nthe business\nprocess or program\nserved by this\ninvestment but not\nthe investment itself.\ninvestment. access to data from\nthis investment.process or program\nserved by this\ninvestment but not\nthe investment\nitself.\nhttp://www.fsa.usda.g\nov/FSA/webapp?area\n=about&subject=landi\nng&topic=sao-dpX\nhttp://www.fsa.usda.g\nov/FSA/midas?area=\nhome&subject=landin\ng&topic=landingX\n10. Provide the date of the investment or IPT charter establishing the required IPT.\n2012-08-31\nPage 5 / 11 of Section300 Date of Last Revision: 2013-06-25 Exhibit 300 (2012) EXHIBIT 300 UII 005-000001870\nSection C: Life Cycle Costs\n1. Provide the cost summary for the investment. \n Table I.C.1 Life Cycle Costs\n PY-1\n&\nPriorPY\n2012CY\n2013BY\n2014\nPlanning Costs: $21.0 $11.8 $4.0 $0.0\nDME (Excluding Planning) Costs: $90.0 $96.0 $91.0 $52.5\nDME (Including Planning) Govt. FTEs: $10.3 $4.6 $4.8 $2.7\nSub-Total DME (Including Govt. FTE): $121.3 $112.4 $99.8 0\nO & M Costs: $0.0 $0.0 $0.0 $42.0\nO & M Govt. FTEs: $0.0 $0.0 $0.0 $2.6\nSub-Total O & M Costs (Including Govt.\nFTE):0 0 0 0\nTotal Cost (Including Govt. FTE): $121.3 $112.4 $99.8 0\nTotal Govt. FTE costs: $10.3 $4.6 $4.8 0\n# of FTE rep by costs: 73 39 39 39\nTotal change from prior year final\nPresident’s Budget ($)$34.5\nTotal change from prior year final\nPresident’s Budget (%)44.40% -33.70%\n2. \na. In which year did or will this investment begin? (specify year - e.g., PY-1= 2011) \n 2007\nb. In which year will this investment reach the end of its estimated useful life? (specify year - e.g., BY+5 = 2019)\n 2020\n3. If the funding levels have changed from the FY 2013 President's Budget request for PY or CY, briefly explain those changes: \nPage 6 / 11 of Section300 Date of Last Revision: 2013-06-25 Exhibit 300 (2012) EXHIBIT 300 UII 005-000001870\n The Summary of Funding reflects the execution changes due to revised FY11 and FY12 budget decisions. \nPage 7 / 11 of Section300 Date of Last Revision: 2013-06-25 Exhibit 300 (2012) EXHIBIT 300 UII 005-000001870\nSection D: Acquisition/Contract Strategy (All Capital Assets)\n1. Provide all prime contracts (or task orders) for awarded or open solicitations for the investment.\nTable I.D.1 Contracts and Acquisition Strategy\nContract Type Contracting\nAgency IDProcurement\nInstrument\nIdentifier (PIID)Modular Approaches/\nContractingIndefinite\nDelivery Vehicle\n(IDV) Reference IDIDV\nAgency\nIDSolicitation ID EVM Required\nAwarded 4732 GST0012AJ0044 Y GSTFMGBPA100001 4735 Y\nAwarded 1406 IND12PB00478 Y IND09AP60069 1406 Y\nAwarded 1406 IND12PB00466 Y IND09AP60069 1406 Y\nAwarded 4732 GST0012AJ0140 Y GSQFOBBPA100003 4735 Y\nAwarded AG3151D120047 Y GS35F0131R 4730 N\nAwarded 1205 AG3142K130036 Y AG3142B120011 1205 N\n2. If earned value is not required or will not be a contract requirement for any of the contracts or task orders above, explain why:\n Earned Value Management will be required and the standards mandated in ANSI 748 will be followed. \nPage 8 / 11 of Section300 Date of Last Revision: 2013-06-25 Exhibit 300 (2012) EXHIBIT 300 UII 005-000001870\nExhibit 300B: Performance Measurement Report\nSection A: General Information\nDate of Last Change to Activities: 2012-11-30 \nSection B: Project Plan and Execution Data\nTable II.B.1 Projects\nProject ID Project\nNameObjectives/Expect\ned OutcomesProject\nStart DateProject\nCompletion\nDateProject\nLifecycle\nCost ($M)End Point\nSchedule\nVariance\n(in days)End Point\nSchedule\nVariance (%)Cost Variance\n($M )Cost Variance\n(%)\n001 Initial Operating\nCapability (IOC)\nRelease 1\nDeployment D1.0IOC Release 1\nD1.0. Releases will\nfollow SAP ASAP\nmethodology\n(project prep,\nblueprint,\nrealization, final\nprep and go live).2011-07-01 2013-01-25 $100.7 -160 -28 $-3.1 -3.10%\n002 Initial Operating\nCapability (IOC)\nRelease 1\nDeployment D1.1IOC Release 1\nD1.1. Releases will\nfollow SAP ASAP\nmethodology\n(project prep,\nblueprint,\nrealization, final\nprep and go live).2012-05-01 2013-07-01 $42.9 -91 -21 $0.0 0.00%\nKey Deliverables\nProject ID Activity Name Activity Description Planned Completion\nDateProjected\nCompletion DateActual Completion\nDateDuration\n(in days)Schedule Variance\n(in days )Schedule Variance\n(%)\n001 Release 1 D1.0\nBusiness BlueprintingRelease 1 D1.0\nBusiness Blueprinting2011-11-30 2011-12-31 2011-12-31 152 -31 -20.39%\n002 Release 1 D1.1\nBusiness BlueprintingRelease 1 D1.1\nBusiness Blueprinting2012-06-29 2012-11-15 59 -370 -627.12%\n001 Release 1 D1.0 Release 1 D1.0 2012-10-02 2012-12-14 267 -275 -103.00%\nPage 9 / 11 of Section300 Date of Last Revision: 2013-06-25 Exhibit 300 (2012) EXHIBIT 300 UII 005-000001870\nKey Deliverables\nProject ID Activity Name Activity Description Planned Completion\nDateProjected\nCompletion DateActual Completion\nDateDuration\n(in days)Schedule Variance\n(in days )Schedule Variance\n(%)\nRealization (Build and\nTest)Realization (Build and\nTest)\n002 Release 1 D1.1\nRealization (Build and\nTest)Release 1 D1.1\nRealization (Build and\nTest)2013-01-02 2013-05-15 187 -183 -97.86%\n001 Release 1 D1.0 Final\nPrepRelease 1 D1.0 Final\nPrep2013-01-03 2013-01-25 93 -182 -195.70%\n002 Release 1 D1.1 Final\nPrepRelease 1 D1.1 Final\nPrep2013-04-02 2013-07-01 90 -93 -103.33%\nPage 10 / 11 of Section300 Date of Last Revision: 2013-06-25 Exhibit 300 (2012) EXHIBIT 300 UII 005-000001870\nSection C: Operational Data\nTable II.C.1A/B Performance Metrics and Actuals\nMetric ID Metric Description Unit of Measure FEA Performance\nMeasurement\nCategory Mapping2012 Target 2013 Target Measurement\nConditionReporting\nFrequencyAgency Strategic\nGoals / Agency\nObjective\nNONE\nPage 11 / 11 of Section300 Date of Last Revision: 2013-06-25 Exhibit 300 (2012)"
} |
[
0.04881967231631279,
-0.024498295038938522,
-0.04350244626402855,
-0.03902595862746239,
0.002155541442334652,
0.02951606549322605,
0.01856883056461811,
0.05884413421154022,
-0.044502194970846176,
0.07697758823633194,
0.06329767405986786,
-0.006427312735468149,
0.055119045078754425,
0.05389196053147316,
-0.004718517418950796,
0.00870839785784483,
0.016784533858299255,
-0.07572870701551437,
0.014362704008817673,
-0.08024868369102478,
-0.036557428538799286,
0.022399744018912315,
-0.020032202824950218,
-0.0637439489364624,
-0.019084971398115158,
-0.014831827022135258,
-0.013984753750264645,
-0.00045786224654875696,
0.008183558471500874,
-0.011893128044903278,
-0.003607024671509862,
-0.0681181326508522,
-0.017189424484968185,
-0.05051723122596741,
0.009424014016985893,
-0.0024258096236735582,
0.011179707013070583,
0.0601373165845871,
-0.058271247893571854,
0.013123850338160992,
-0.04668384790420532,
0.06786268204450607,
0.014857787638902664,
-0.03876715898513794,
0.02793049067258835,
-0.012810967862606049,
-0.050508834421634674,
0.05485209822654724,
0.0599515438079834,
0.03817442059516907,
-0.0662597268819809,
-0.07686786353588104,
0.0937713161110878,
-0.015567753463983536,
-0.05391109734773636,
-0.10826189070940018,
-0.07047145813703537,
-0.013947994448244572,
0.019053712487220764,
-0.013055450282990932,
-0.19528807699680328,
-0.049082428216934204,
0.07633362710475922,
-0.04413582757115364,
0.05067523568868637,
-0.07244924455881119,
0.014664655551314354,
-0.038546472787857056,
0.030031496658921242,
0.03518303856253624,
-0.0505920872092247,
-0.006406277418136597,
-0.0007572945323772728,
0.09108827263116837,
-0.01578773744404316,
0.0030424208380281925,
0.027329742908477783,
0.006370904855430126,
0.11193026602268219,
0.014434806071221828,
-0.02155824936926365,
0.07131212204694748,
0.08859715610742569,
0.02862105704843998,
0.008639373816549778,
0.030530627816915512,
-0.04248620197176933,
0.0011843310203403234,
-0.0367964543402195,
0.043417640030384064,
0.04343786463141441,
0.002037238562479615,
0.05016977712512016,
0.0023431763984262943,
0.05557779595255852,
0.01922648958861828,
0.03179887682199478,
0.0021289659198373556,
-0.030855456367135048,
0.004319815430790186,
0.013999216258525848,
-0.07786807417869568,
-0.01821322925388813,
0.07296259701251984,
0.004435305949300528,
0.06302984058856964,
-0.07415779680013657,
-0.014273916371166706,
0.014462297782301903,
-0.006041626911610365,
-0.035769734531641006,
0.08774242550134659,
0.0047909109853208065,
-0.09030046314001083,
-0.05127234011888504,
0.11389876157045364,
0.03582358732819557,
-0.03966661915183067,
0.015079028904438019,
-0.05519953370094299,
-0.051125720143318176,
-0.0011557984398677945,
0.025050804018974304,
-0.03216886147856712,
0.06902971118688583,
-0.03922298550605774,
0.06253159046173096,
1.708119473716505e-33,
0.020716778934001923,
0.017294971272349358,
0.039193667471408844,
0.08710408955812454,
-0.05476357787847519,
-0.02337111160159111,
0.04486335813999176,
0.08871298283338547,
-0.009753523394465446,
-0.0606502927839756,
0.011777381412684917,
-0.10233224183320999,
0.0060485429130494595,
0.0029745253268629313,
-0.034278854727745056,
0.05991831049323082,
0.039597537368535995,
-0.06306188553571701,
-0.1466139256954193,
0.05812191590666771,
-0.021846352145075798,
-0.12300422787666321,
0.05715268477797508,
0.07404656708240509,
0.0213145948946476,
0.009421860799193382,
-0.02640800178050995,
0.02998754382133484,
0.021528128534555435,
0.01357736624777317,
-0.013619019649922848,
0.0219570305198431,
-0.024689482524991035,
0.01379624754190445,
-0.09612347185611725,
-0.019159315153956413,
-0.0021508398931473494,
0.06679326295852661,
-0.0455741360783577,
0.008302601985633373,
0.032853350043296814,
0.0367978997528553,
-0.029888836666941643,
0.03915541246533394,
0.1245766133069992,
-0.10472770035266876,
0.011801992543041706,
-0.05244626849889755,
-0.0898231565952301,
0.012252002023160458,
0.028622349724173546,
0.0024410251062363386,
0.0005527522880584002,
-0.0690857470035553,
0.024003002792596817,
-0.03629656881093979,
0.030270082876086235,
0.02378716506063938,
0.013373259454965591,
0.03168022260069847,
0.0706571489572525,
-0.0013953406596556306,
-0.019519038498401642,
0.07122208178043365,
-0.09547674655914307,
0.0014245895436033607,
0.0036076148971915245,
-0.04213295876979828,
0.038682982325553894,
0.026679901406168938,
0.07199189811944962,
0.004863854497671127,
-0.05096014589071274,
-0.08205882459878922,
-0.07051323354244232,
0.011421027593314648,
0.004307770170271397,
-0.08239458501338959,
0.005712953396141529,
-0.018591631203889847,
-0.04719088226556778,
-0.04021916538476944,
0.038937848061323166,
0.035699520260095596,
-0.034976471215486526,
-0.021939340978860855,
-0.01793474517762661,
-0.091881163418293,
-0.07974115759134293,
0.01769888959825039,
0.032289646565914154,
0.0488470196723938,
0.00010085167014040053,
-0.030145971104502678,
0.08777757734060287,
-4.5787484937825265e-33,
-0.02694644033908844,
0.03648820519447327,
-0.08242911845445633,
-0.007197695784270763,
-0.02803265117108822,
-0.016268573701381683,
0.027816375717520714,
0.0860520601272583,
0.07088261097669601,
-0.05566198378801346,
-0.04246790334582329,
-0.029415057972073555,
0.011705256067216396,
-0.017733577638864517,
-0.020322909578680992,
0.031498026102781296,
0.07377612590789795,
0.11737263202667236,
-0.050689876079559326,
0.024053676053881645,
-0.02972235716879368,
0.001384273637086153,
0.07824335247278214,
-0.041752059012651443,
0.06035003811120987,
-0.02527894638478756,
-0.02560536004602909,
-0.05570070445537567,
-0.05578557029366493,
0.08798610419034958,
-0.020025117322802544,
0.05940115079283714,
0.043581798672676086,
0.06486307829618454,
-0.018191911280155182,
-0.014060404151678085,
-0.02755717746913433,
-0.058405619114637375,
0.036033060401678085,
0.03340078145265579,
-0.022884966805577278,
-0.01520711649209261,
0.02142595499753952,
-0.032993000000715256,
-0.04637771099805832,
0.12865328788757324,
0.009547104127705097,
0.04146284982562065,
0.09364983439445496,
0.03378625959157944,
0.018917322158813477,
0.004778413567692041,
0.051371052861213684,
0.10072219371795654,
-0.07735276967287064,
-0.0061108423396945,
-0.0960845798254013,
-0.009600900113582611,
-0.05415554717183113,
0.044967785477638245,
0.022713886573910713,
-0.004017355851829052,
-0.09380949288606644,
0.01293889619410038,
0.01658153347671032,
0.013748903758823872,
0.0014821951044723392,
0.03849578648805618,
0.041234102100133896,
-0.09217764437198639,
0.0025209924206137657,
0.014042745344340801,
-0.026713088154792786,
0.020340146496891975,
-0.034958381205797195,
-0.09606529027223587,
0.04669329151511192,
0.08012794703245163,
0.00716971792280674,
-0.0007825491484254599,
-0.0173681378364563,
0.018980449065566063,
0.04862836003303528,
-0.03385075181722641,
0.05723091587424278,
-0.05052750185132027,
-0.02806551195681095,
-0.07977522164583206,
-0.03319372981786728,
0.04502258077263832,
0.006371618248522282,
0.014865458942949772,
-0.06991183757781982,
-0.04400772228837013,
-0.07246716320514679,
-4.361251981777059e-8,
0.10187587887048721,
-0.06546464562416077,
-0.0592622309923172,
0.022627675905823708,
-0.029403476044535637,
0.05986937880516052,
-0.05979927256703377,
-0.03699831664562225,
0.061425380408763885,
0.08101427555084229,
-0.026728155091404915,
0.131437286734581,
0.025510413572192192,
-0.07040282338857651,
0.009137009270489216,
0.023091260343790054,
-0.08165618032217026,
0.035876933485269547,
-0.026669856160879135,
0.0006932751275599003,
0.013618533499538898,
-0.05916904658079147,
-0.035440582782030106,
0.04606931656599045,
0.009960894472897053,
-0.03452455252408981,
-0.07678849250078201,
-0.048865221440792084,
0.06648993492126465,
-0.07803184539079666,
-0.07121443003416061,
-0.023234274238348007,
0.041603248566389084,
-0.06771952658891678,
-0.07587707787752151,
-0.03452959656715393,
0.010607887990772724,
0.00006808647594880313,
-0.00515713170170784,
-0.007675391621887684,
0.0665864646434784,
0.038364361971616745,
-0.04658852517604828,
-0.0892559364438057,
-0.09180204570293427,
0.0036753129679709673,
-0.061766330152750015,
0.0005935742519795895,
-0.020877432078123093,
0.04729323089122772,
-0.06272415816783905,
-0.00948359351605177,
0.08710650354623795,
-0.0016586912097409368,
-0.028979387134313583,
-0.021868610754609108,
0.04412348195910454,
-0.0935453325510025,
0.09138590842485428,
-0.07176851481199265,
0.031064890325069427,
0.02801213227212429,
-0.006737996358424425,
0.059363387525081635
] | {
"pdf_file": "5DRAZXKISWU5KHFNDUABKC7KUKS6IXDK.pdf",
"text": "HEPATITIS A VACCINE\n1What is hepatitis A?W H A T Y O U N E E D T O K N O W\nWHO?\nSome people should be routinely vaccinated with\nhepatitis A vaccine:\n• All children 1 year (12 through 23 months) of \nage.\n Persons 1 year of age and older traveling to or \nworking in countries with high or intermediate prevalence of hepatitis A, such as those located in Central or South America, Mexico, Asia (except Japan), Africa, and eastern Europe. For more information see www.cdc.gov/travel .\n Children and adolescents through 18 years of\nage who live in states or communities where 2Who should get hepatitis A \nvaccine and when?\nHepatitis A 3/21/06\nHepatitis A is a serious liver disease caused by the\nhepatitis A virus (HAV). HAV is found in the stoolof persons with hepatitis A. It is usually spread byclose personal contact and sometimes by eating foodor drinking water containing HAV . \nHepatitis A can cause:\n mild “flu-like”\nillness\n jaundice (yellow\nskin or eyes)\n severe stomach\npains and diarrhea\nPeople with hepatitis A \noften have to behospitalized (up to about 1 person in 5). \nSometimes, people die as a result of hepatitis A\n(about 3-5 deaths per 1,000 cases).\nA person who has hepatitis A can easily pass the\ndisease to others within the same household.\nHepatitis A vaccine can prevent hepatitis A.routine vaccination has been implemented \nbecause of high disease incidence.\n Men who have sex with men. Persons who use street drugs. Persons with chronic liver disease. Persons who are treated with clotting factor \nconcentrates.\n Persons who work with HAV-infected primates or \nwho work with HAV in research laboratories.\nOther people might get hepatitis A vaccine in\nspecial situations:\n Hepatitis A vaccine might be recommended for \nchildren or adolescents in communities where outbreaks of hepatitis A are occurring.\nHepatitis A vaccine is not licensed for children younger\nthan 1 year of age.\nWHEN?\nFor children, the first dose should be given at 12-23\nmonths of age. Children who are not vaccinated by 2years of age can be vaccinated at later visits.\nFor travelers, the vaccine series should be started at\nleast one month before traveling to provide the bestprotection.\nFor others, the hepatitis A vaccine series may be\nstarted whenever a person is at risk of infection.\nT wo doses of the vaccine are needed for lasting\nprotection. These doses should be given at least 6months apart.\nHepatitis A vaccine may be given at the same time as\nother vaccines.Persons who get the vaccine less than one\nmonth before traveling can also get a shotcalled immune globulin (IG). IG givesimmediate, temporary protection. 3Some people should not get\nhepatitis A vaccine or shouldwait\n4What are the risks from\nhepatitis A vaccine?\nA vaccine, like any medicine, could possibly cause\nserious problems, such as severe allergic reactions.The risk of hepatitis A vaccine causing seriousharm, or death, is extremely small.\nGetting hepatitis A vaccine is much safer than\ngetting the disease.\nMild problems\n soreness where the shot was given (about 1 out of 2 \nadults, and up to 1 out of 6 children)\n headache (about 1 out of 6 adults and 1 out of 25 \nchildren)\n loss of appetite (about 1 out of 12 children)\n tiredness (about 1 out of 14 adults)\nIf these problems occur, they usually last 1 or 2 days.\nSevere problems\n serious allergic reaction, within a few minutes \nto a few hours of the shot (very rare)5What if there is a moderate or\nsevere reaction?\nWhat should I look for?\n Any unusual condition, such as a high fever or \nbehavior changes. Signs of a serious allergicreaction can include difficulty breathing, hoarse-ness or wheezing, hives, paleness, weakness, a fast heart beat or dizziness.\nWhat should I do?\nCall a doctor, or get the person to a doctor right \naway.\nT ell your doctor what happened, the date and time \nit happened, and when the vaccination was given.\nAsk your doctor, nurse, or health department to \nreport the reaction by filing a Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS) form.\nOr you can file this report through the VAERS \nweb site at www.vaers.hhs.gov, or by calling1-800-822-7967.\nVAERS does not provide medical advice.\n7How can I learn more?\n Ask your doctor or nurse. They can give you the \nvaccine package insert or suggest other sources of information.\n Call your local or state health department. Contact the Centers for Disease Control and \nPrevention (CDC):- Call 1-800-232-4636 (1-800-CDC-INFO)\n- Visit CDC websites at: www.cdc.gov/hepatitis\nor www.cdc.gov/nip\nddeeppaarrttmmeenntt ooff hheeaalltthh aanndd hhuummaann sseerrvviicceess\nCenters for Disease Control and Prevention\nNational Immunization Program\nVaccine Information Statement\nHepatitis A (3/21/06) 42 U.S.C. § 300aa-26 Anyone who has ever had a severe (life-\nthreatening) allergic reaction to a previous dose \nof hepatitis A vaccine should not get another dose.\n Anyone who has a severe (life threatening) allergy\nto any vaccine component should not get the \nvaccine. T ell your doctor if you have anysevere allergies. All hepatitis A vaccines contain alum and some hepatitis A vaccines contain2-phenoxyethanol.\n Anyone who is moderately or severely ill at the \ntime the shot is scheduled should probably wait until they recover. Ask your doctor or nurse. People with a mild illness can usually get the \nvaccine.\n T ell your doctor if you are pregnant . The safety \nof hepatitis A vaccine for pregnant women has not been determined. But there is no evidence that it is harmful to either pregnant women or their unborn babies. The risk, if any, is thought to be very low. \n6The National Vaccine Injury\nCompensation Program\nIn the event that you or your child has a serious\nreaction to a vaccine, a federal program has beencreated to help pay for the care of those who havebeen harmed.\nFor details about the National Vaccine Injury\nCompensation Program, call 1-800-338-2382 or visittheir website at www.hrsa.gov/vaccinecompensation."
} |
[
-0.09306585043668747,
0.02415873296558857,
-0.06725434958934784,
-0.01837017945945263,
-0.008609335869550705,
0.028206557035446167,
0.045794907957315445,
0.07172177731990814,
-0.04503874480724335,
-0.04189275950193405,
-0.011170445941388607,
-0.003861534409224987,
0.03292689472436905,
-0.05719955638051033,
-0.04508015140891075,
-0.0064161671325564384,
0.006164759863168001,
-0.06854326277971268,
0.004925448913127184,
0.04384002089500427,
0.05271051079034805,
0.02199130319058895,
-0.10823892056941986,
-0.07445645332336426,
-0.05895261466503143,
-0.06039803847670555,
0.0005087783210910857,
0.08196348696947098,
0.021884389221668243,
0.002175765810534358,
0.1023382842540741,
0.0018874895758926868,
0.11249679327011108,
-0.03047536313533783,
0.09357350319623947,
-0.0034762953873723745,
-0.09677901118993759,
0.052759040147066116,
-0.058177847415208817,
-0.04923862963914871,
-0.026111241430044174,
-0.015452638268470764,
0.0007553131435997784,
0.08877090364694595,
-0.0017706813523545861,
0.05566168949007988,
0.013953528366982937,
-0.001427538227289915,
0.012032781727612019,
0.03817876800894737,
-0.08390725404024124,
-0.06208445131778717,
0.007547582034021616,
0.0006218655616976321,
-0.07966579496860504,
-0.04191114753484726,
-0.011164826340973377,
-0.07697834074497223,
-0.08662618696689606,
-0.06989280134439468,
-0.04947325959801674,
0.03205390274524689,
0.04943988844752312,
0.012786865234375,
-0.036210037767887115,
0.07717814296483994,
-0.0271587111055851,
-0.03776615858078003,
0.07606390863656998,
-0.11015035957098007,
-0.035179875791072845,
-0.08205144107341766,
-0.10745347291231155,
0.0438658744096756,
0.01783314161002636,
0.07149103283882141,
0.0005967985489405692,
0.0032893356401473284,
0.10709530860185623,
-0.030965730547904968,
-0.003339603776112199,
0.003554373746737838,
0.05296861380338669,
0.038681596517562866,
-0.0038374722935259342,
0.0016289614140987396,
-0.0028964532539248466,
-0.012335765175521374,
0.03815314173698425,
-0.07475516200065613,
0.11178132891654968,
0.013523346744477749,
-0.03420783206820488,
-0.014866188168525696,
-0.0069891479797661304,
-0.056847989559173584,
-0.05304982140660286,
-0.04428841918706894,
-0.058730173856019974,
0.0525587722659111,
-0.02768196165561676,
-0.02677943743765354,
-0.01250676903873682,
0.02187880128622055,
-0.05761619657278061,
-0.0575883649289608,
0.028787286952137947,
0.03199003264307976,
0.07278060913085938,
0.03258633613586426,
-0.008550476282835007,
0.06892392039299011,
-0.047008659690618515,
-0.023374125361442566,
-0.0694204792380333,
-0.030404359102249146,
-0.09688971191644669,
0.05836642533540726,
0.039244771003723145,
-0.01502307690680027,
0.013203105889260769,
0.03775114193558693,
-0.04522264748811722,
-0.08403628319501877,
-0.049662891775369644,
-0.07653835415840149,
0.00811106339097023,
7.522316754646079e-33,
0.025083061307668686,
0.07429187744855881,
0.06254421174526215,
-0.05413147807121277,
0.06508781760931015,
-0.017338894307613373,
0.049964144825935364,
-0.04207505285739899,
0.07488603889942169,
-0.0009825928136706352,
-0.09878738969564438,
0.036844830960035324,
0.07697978615760803,
-0.06508699804544449,
-0.09939759969711304,
0.011854372918605804,
0.002219639951363206,
0.07342652231454849,
0.000012618430446309503,
0.0953480452299118,
0.011832761578261852,
-0.03154279664158821,
0.07991455495357513,
-0.03015819564461708,
0.032555632293224335,
0.07869534194469452,
0.010710582137107849,
0.07390975207090378,
0.09797684103250504,
0.020638030022382736,
-0.01843339018523693,
-0.07863114029169083,
-0.00489596463739872,
-0.03324681147933006,
0.04808368906378746,
0.03452960029244423,
-0.005998751148581505,
-0.07591533660888672,
-0.02635141648352146,
-0.05684349685907364,
-0.01916792429983616,
-0.004816838074475527,
0.013653148896992207,
0.037109412252902985,
-0.017685024067759514,
-0.05584379658102989,
0.0439307764172554,
0.061581019312143326,
0.04748077318072319,
0.024142345413565636,
-0.13062964379787445,
-0.05079231783747673,
-0.046867597848176956,
0.009477893821895123,
-0.01883516274392605,
-0.006640029605478048,
-0.023526133969426155,
0.012760902754962444,
0.03787849470973015,
-0.018162403255701065,
0.05100381001830101,
0.03108622133731842,
-0.02537890337407589,
-0.00037162608350627124,
-0.025308754295110703,
-0.07499603182077408,
0.009542498737573624,
-0.1086903065443039,
0.11117131263017654,
-0.0611189566552639,
0.0008766556275077164,
0.03122674860060215,
0.053571682423353195,
-0.006776644382625818,
-0.10376613587141037,
0.017937708646059036,
0.0033826762810349464,
0.07143368571996689,
-0.011293329298496246,
0.05442384257912636,
-0.014879880473017693,
0.004067639820277691,
0.04997013136744499,
0.04973049834370613,
0.07957535982131958,
0.06097666546702385,
0.05670412629842758,
0.037867024540901184,
-0.13780617713928223,
0.021817246451973915,
0.005355214700102806,
-0.03012908808887005,
0.032143883407115936,
0.10435958951711655,
0.029707351699471474,
-7.504196509228153e-33,
-0.06095639616250992,
-0.0556722953915596,
0.0396074578166008,
-0.06909259408712387,
0.041518162935972214,
-0.018611187115311623,
0.07807978987693787,
-0.058546897023916245,
0.06186190992593765,
-0.034840889275074005,
0.017821313813328743,
0.03710681572556496,
-0.009626854211091995,
-0.08417655527591705,
0.004978122189640999,
0.08411973714828491,
-0.01746418885886669,
0.049444686621427536,
-0.10483157634735107,
0.012490550987422466,
-0.033237479627132416,
0.06171201914548874,
-0.06833825260400772,
0.06411495804786682,
-0.003990895114839077,
0.05340681970119476,
0.06470409780740738,
0.05315854400396347,
-0.008241758681833744,
0.0028342062141746283,
-0.04581468924880028,
0.011721929535269737,
-0.09614674001932144,
0.08208787441253662,
-0.06184442713856697,
-0.12374388426542282,
0.06766586005687714,
0.028965190052986145,
0.023352637887001038,
0.06057480722665787,
0.08037121593952179,
0.08707540482282639,
0.012075318954885006,
0.017818422988057137,
-0.048993006348609924,
-0.016832513734698296,
0.0034505121875554323,
-0.06095468997955322,
0.0455109141767025,
0.01755441352725029,
-0.01796443574130535,
-0.08646131306886673,
-0.006941237021237612,
-0.01566898822784424,
-0.038039907813072205,
0.03856911510229111,
0.07352068275213242,
-0.008501013740897179,
-0.07033168524503708,
-0.046688519418239594,
0.04019002243876457,
0.038944631814956665,
-0.034921351820230484,
0.07824046164751053,
0.03988314047455788,
0.04511367529630661,
0.007737184874713421,
-0.07675158977508545,
-0.012195548042654991,
-0.029927801340818405,
-0.08410745859146118,
-0.07181087881326675,
0.005802898667752743,
-0.08227607607841492,
0.03825260326266289,
-0.020351609215140343,
-0.026204753667116165,
-0.0005086180754005909,
-0.05892316624522209,
0.020293068140745163,
0.0434933565557003,
-0.029030691832304,
-0.03450974076986313,
0.042547017335891724,
-0.0035624520387500525,
-0.05278508737683296,
0.020570140331983566,
-0.01168561726808548,
0.03919311612844467,
0.05906464532017708,
-0.13091938197612762,
-0.01832650974392891,
-0.04082683101296425,
0.05614762380719185,
0.006839218083769083,
-5.231473565459055e-8,
0.026587089523673058,
0.009026046842336655,
0.06598376482725143,
-0.01691478304564953,
0.02332468517124653,
-0.006742358673363924,
-0.06649638712406158,
-0.012846766039729118,
0.005583238322287798,
0.009784119203686714,
0.07419236749410629,
0.02862013876438141,
-0.026306984946131706,
-0.06490606814622879,
-0.021962905302643776,
0.01945304684340954,
-0.013223397545516491,
0.014678820967674255,
-0.009741229005157948,
-0.051281437277793884,
-0.03298914432525635,
-0.06474171578884125,
-0.01780475117266178,
0.006634389981627464,
0.05434558168053627,
-0.00668890867382288,
-0.05147279426455498,
0.06886115670204163,
-0.01620154269039631,
0.028085555881261826,
-0.02935812436044216,
0.01604573428630829,
0.06648938357830048,
0.030764663591980934,
-0.05813983827829361,
-0.027100950479507446,
0.061480600386857986,
-0.023055771365761757,
0.04633345454931259,
0.013725501485168934,
0.06442839652299881,
0.06716422736644745,
0.04717424139380455,
0.0509675033390522,
0.0338098481297493,
0.022422736510634422,
-0.07026390731334686,
-0.0361936092376709,
0.018534790724515915,
-0.050776004791259766,
0.01424170471727848,
-0.016968870535492897,
0.06288040429353714,
0.09362625330686569,
-0.03937368839979172,
0.031541142612695694,
-0.02078521065413952,
0.01976637728512287,
-0.02722540684044361,
0.05690376088023186,
0.011762171983718872,
-0.01881369948387146,
0.04359767585992813,
-0.025962388142943382
] | {
"pdf_file": "7QX6IKZ22UTQYM2ZQVUU64G4ZKYSDE2R.pdf",
"text": "MANAGED RISK MEDICAL INSURANCE BOARD \nREQUEST FOR WEBSITE ACCESS \n \n \nThis form is to be used to gain access to the pl an specific Healthy Family Program capitation files \navailable monthly on the MRMIB website. Ever y time a new employee needs access to that \nwebsite a new request must be filed with the Managed Risk Medical Insurance Board Information \nTechnology Unit. Based upon the information prov ided by you, a web a ddress (URL), a user \nname and a password will be provided. All inform ation obtained on this website is to remain \nconfidential . Signing this document acknowledges this requirement. \n \n \nPlan Name* \n \nPlan Contact Mailing Address* \n \n \nSupervisor Name* Signature* \n \nSupervisor E-Mail* Phone Number* \n \nNew Employee Name* Signature* \n \nNew Employee E-Mail* Phone Number* \n \nFor MRMIB Use Only\n \nUser Name Password Web Address \n \nMRMIB Authorized Signature Date Prepared Date Plan Notified \n * Required Information \n \nAny further information can be obtained by cont acting Gurmeet Hajrah, Associate Information \nSystems Analyst at (916) 324-4896 or at ghajrah@mrmib.ca.gov . \n Mail the original signed form to Stuart Busby, Fi nancial Operations Officer at 1000 “G” Street, \nSuite 450, Sacramento, CA 95814. Additionally, s end him either a faxed copy to (916) 327-6580 \nor email (word document or PDF format) a copy to sbusby@mrmib.ca.gov\n. \n "
} |
[
-0.06911293417215347,
-0.00637480802834034,
-0.04056631401181221,
0.04248605668544769,
0.031920842826366425,
-0.006229685619473457,
-0.0422033853828907,
0.026573196053504944,
-0.06001203879714012,
0.012146937660872936,
-0.05695531517267227,
-0.08158649504184723,
0.006992929615080357,
-0.006203852593898773,
0.004398881457746029,
0.010116592980921268,
0.055780600756406784,
-0.08971312642097473,
-0.022843003273010254,
0.029777077957987785,
0.08840196579694748,
-0.03446799889206886,
-0.031117161735892296,
-0.03467390686273575,
0.057714737951755524,
0.04815926402807236,
0.0026475838385522366,
0.06696425378322601,
-0.026318399235606194,
-0.04918358474969864,
-0.08204890787601471,
-0.020971892401576042,
0.010458860546350479,
-0.062236275523900986,
0.09535408020019531,
0.05083298683166504,
-0.042945221066474915,
-0.04605235904455185,
-0.05112297087907791,
0.04652206599712372,
-0.05849931016564369,
-0.08098814636468887,
-0.09245070070028305,
0.034890636801719666,
-0.08665122091770172,
-0.030929096043109894,
-0.0356307215988636,
-0.052440207451581955,
-0.05032970383763313,
-0.04463304579257965,
0.020008422434329987,
-0.05221766233444214,
0.010105816647410393,
0.008671275340020657,
0.009324662387371063,
-0.027931982651352882,
0.028726505115628242,
-0.011181732639670372,
0.051327478140592575,
0.06249422952532768,
0.012869683094322681,
-0.08132828772068024,
0.0036251116544008255,
-0.022073406726121902,
0.09674233943223953,
0.016018949449062347,
-0.008387809619307518,
-0.006621840409934521,
-0.08426201343536377,
-0.0985618382692337,
-0.022104080766439438,
-0.02089555189013481,
-0.0057833194732666016,
-0.07489421218633652,
0.010835044085979462,
0.06447230279445648,
0.09126083552837372,
0.05396287888288498,
0.09261058270931244,
-0.03539673238992691,
0.02760152518749237,
0.04589303582906723,
-0.10083715617656708,
-0.04846775531768799,
0.03162873908877373,
0.04347819834947586,
-0.02750912867486477,
-0.03741759806871414,
0.045978546142578125,
0.04569122567772865,
0.05483689159154892,
0.0385722815990448,
-0.011044476181268692,
0.09134094417095184,
0.06804724037647247,
0.05640364810824394,
-0.07295297086238861,
-0.08890804648399353,
-0.005302868317812681,
0.016488471999764442,
0.03442001715302467,
0.05417189747095108,
0.04989175871014595,
-0.029140397906303406,
-0.11787042021751404,
-0.0994761660695076,
0.006436979863792658,
0.07328145205974579,
0.0026087730657309294,
0.02494930289685726,
0.06731656193733215,
-0.05596128851175308,
-0.046319350600242615,
-0.0433744341135025,
-0.02855929359793663,
0.038861025124788284,
-0.015453159809112549,
-0.022391291335225105,
0.1053701639175415,
-0.08709542453289032,
0.023956310003995895,
-0.057068850845098495,
0.00573605066165328,
-0.010124484077095985,
0.013665433041751385,
0.0408925861120224,
0.01524980179965496,
4.751666651524362e-33,
-0.04521548002958298,
-0.00476036686450243,
-0.04483288154006004,
-0.024381455034017563,
-0.04140932857990265,
0.059755243360996246,
-0.01323287095874548,
0.013028385117650032,
0.007256890181452036,
-0.11738277226686478,
-0.02262350358068943,
0.09244658052921295,
0.030230188742280006,
-0.011891079135239124,
-0.01348998211324215,
-0.08917741477489471,
0.049351517111063004,
0.09249328076839447,
0.020387642085552216,
0.0158246960490942,
0.0762244239449501,
-0.038296692073345184,
0.02488705888390541,
-0.019626308232545853,
0.03637123480439186,
-0.013952111825346947,
-0.023493150249123573,
-0.030342912301421165,
-0.013195915147662163,
0.026546340435743332,
0.0658533126115799,
0.007516619749367237,
-0.02324584499001503,
-0.002280940068885684,
-0.06479545682668686,
-0.056958336383104324,
0.04201555997133255,
-0.02563277631998062,
-0.043403420597314835,
0.012986401095986366,
0.016208231449127197,
0.12573571503162384,
-0.023716457188129425,
0.059949569404125214,
0.0037664121482521296,
-0.01686772331595421,
0.09510746598243713,
-0.016733141615986824,
-0.02260231412947178,
0.006310548633337021,
-0.05273327976465225,
0.013410617597401142,
-0.07654625177383423,
-0.04197818785905838,
0.033770136535167694,
0.0458536297082901,
0.013632073998451233,
-0.0007509041461162269,
0.1447826325893402,
-0.0553189255297184,
-0.06408732384443283,
0.052616726607084274,
0.08424226194620132,
-0.03300667181611061,
0.04931439831852913,
0.048691969364881516,
-0.014585466124117374,
-0.01459905132651329,
-0.031402140855789185,
0.005894313100725412,
0.01884804479777813,
-0.10884388536214828,
0.04446890205144882,
0.031395044177770615,
0.041790444403886795,
-0.07697509229183197,
-0.006415818352252245,
0.09557604789733887,
-0.05933067202568054,
0.024082018062472343,
-0.07010338455438614,
-0.012802351266145706,
0.017929641529917717,
-0.03153437748551369,
0.05861872807145119,
-0.08474788069725037,
-0.02557186409831047,
-0.0008001876412890851,
-0.0019217274384573102,
-0.04376659169793129,
0.07063139975070953,
0.018224157392978668,
-0.03148007392883301,
0.04354536160826683,
0.027288489043712616,
-4.245537722310656e-33,
0.04533763602375984,
0.09149271249771118,
-0.06193032115697861,
-0.04999164491891861,
-0.003832304384559393,
-0.024447619915008545,
-0.009953229688107967,
-0.08211452513933182,
0.02584443986415863,
0.00507440697401762,
-0.014452862553298473,
-0.04314947873353958,
-0.038828253746032715,
0.013488560914993286,
-0.0259931068867445,
-0.014952938072383404,
0.0177479051053524,
-0.04873853921890259,
-0.018129028379917145,
0.0330958291888237,
0.04640987142920494,
0.03997178375720978,
-0.07964272052049637,
0.06128845736384392,
0.008190203458070755,
0.04484514892101288,
-0.002869919640943408,
-0.05948541313409805,
-0.02520180679857731,
-0.04578506946563721,
-0.035235580056905746,
-0.04792295768857002,
-0.071353979408741,
0.0922064334154129,
-0.043330468237400055,
-0.027736064046621323,
0.09578504413366318,
0.028646821156144142,
-0.008976666256785393,
0.09017195552587509,
0.05281970649957657,
0.010243479162454605,
0.011609306558966637,
0.055496107786893845,
-0.07721491158008575,
-0.037656910717487335,
0.11985886096954346,
-0.029077792540192604,
0.01676996424794197,
0.022694889456033707,
0.044589053839445114,
0.017903871834278107,
-0.10406676679849625,
0.061181746423244476,
-0.014500588178634644,
-0.04121527075767517,
0.06586667150259018,
0.060557007789611816,
-0.02526203729212284,
-0.07468102127313614,
0.14629903435707092,
0.011009191162884235,
0.04124026745557785,
-0.02868044748902321,
0.0055178431794047356,
0.025461997836828232,
0.03841701149940491,
-0.050809938460588455,
0.11970791220664978,
-0.005768029019236565,
-0.07977701723575592,
-0.06535107642412186,
0.03228861838579178,
-0.03470177948474884,
-0.0214613676071167,
0.0657094195485115,
0.04158597066998482,
-0.009126250632107258,
0.05488339066505432,
-0.02534130960702896,
-0.10201676934957504,
0.034342944622039795,
-0.036756306886672974,
-0.018367920070886612,
0.07383986562490463,
-0.02238859236240387,
0.09769744426012039,
-0.031420495361089706,
0.019686982035636902,
0.008372366428375244,
-0.05848828703165054,
-0.051563769578933716,
-0.086883544921875,
0.14256182312965393,
0.05022868141531944,
-5.6257036362694635e-8,
0.02705836482346058,
0.0027404942084103823,
0.020966455340385437,
-0.000025212360924342647,
0.08006932586431503,
-0.10130811482667923,
0.06644641607999802,
0.011201271787285805,
0.028030330315232277,
0.01609925366938114,
0.06961323320865631,
0.0109650744125247,
0.05068692937493324,
-0.024472551420331,
0.02190280146896839,
0.010747435502707958,
0.029629988595843315,
0.047666799277067184,
-0.035432156175374985,
0.016763001680374146,
-0.010082141496241093,
-0.04717878997325897,
-0.00984739325940609,
-0.015951141715049744,
0.04957978054881096,
0.005252379924058914,
-0.0044746254570782185,
0.023441126570105553,
0.0006237447378225625,
-0.06728588789701462,
-0.03901270031929016,
0.006994097493588924,
0.011015281081199646,
-0.07737676799297333,
0.05197303369641304,
0.06642263382673264,
-0.055297914892435074,
0.012668817304074764,
-0.02410971373319626,
0.03890155255794525,
0.0016133042518049479,
-0.06830926984548569,
0.06202668696641922,
0.009414676576852798,
-0.014697293750941753,
0.039827629923820496,
-0.15365886688232422,
-0.026948556303977966,
0.016005178913474083,
-0.003547305939719081,
-0.04481250047683716,
-0.029364855960011482,
0.014118419960141182,
0.052340004593133926,
0.033114898949861526,
0.03481164947152138,
-0.035288017243146896,
0.013906893320381641,
-0.07636908441781998,
0.04531393200159073,
0.07118186354637146,
-0.01685132272541523,
-0.05964206904172897,
0.022332649677991867
] | {
"pdf_file": "IJEACIRWFTFAIA4OFQIWDFMFTRYC7SDS.pdf",
"text": "7733 Federal Register / Vol. 67, No. 34 / Wednesday, February 20, 2002 / Notices\nservice of Browns Ferry Nuclear Plant\nUnit 3.\nEach year TVA provides updated\nprojections of supply and demand to theTVA sub-region of the SoutheasternElectric Reliability Council (SERC) for\nthe U.S. Department of Energy ’s annual\nreport EIA –411. The 1999 projection\n(latest available) shows expectedbaseload demands growing at 2.2percent from 1999 to 2004. The netcapacity needed to meet the growth indemand is expected to increase by 3,400megawatts by year 2003. (See line item13 on Table —Item 2.1 Projected\nCapacity and Demand —Summer of the\nEIA–411 report.) The addition of the 100\nMW Pickwick Power plant is needed byTVA to meet this projected regionalpower demand for baseload capacity.\nBecause Energy Vision 2020 identified\nand evaluated alternative supply-sideand demand-side energy resources andtechnologies for meeting peak andbaseload capacity needs, thesealternatives would not be re-evaluatedin this EIS. Market power purchases wasone supply-side option identified in theEIS as necessary for meeting TVA ’s\nbaseload and peaking capacity needs.\nProposed Issues To Be Addressed\nTVA contemplates that the EIS would\ndescribe the existing environmental andsocioeconomic resources affected bytransportation of the barges to the site,construction of the balance-of-plantcomponents on site, and operation ofthe power plant. TVA ’s evaluation of\nenvironmental impacts to theseresources would include, but notnecessarily be limited to, the potentialimpacts on air quality, water quality,aquatic and terrestrial ecology,endangered and threatened species,wetlands, floodplains, aesthetics andvisual resources, noise, land use,historic and archaeological resources,and socioeconomic resources.\nAlternatives\nAt this time, the alternatives TVA has\nidentified for detailed evaluationinclude no action and the proposedplant at the Hardin County site. Duringthe scoping process, TVA willinvestigate the feasibility of otheralternatives, including technologies andsites, which meet PPLLC ’s purposes and\nneeds and the basic requirements ofTVA ’s electricity needs, are reasonably\ncapable of being connected to TVA ’s\ntransmission system, and otherwise fallwithin the reasonable range ofalternatives to be evaluated in an EIS.\nScoping Process\nScoping, which is integral to the\nNEPA process, is a procedure thatsolicits public input to the EIS process\nto ensure that: (1) Issues are identifiedearly and properly studied; (2) issues oflittle significance do not consumesubstantial time and effort; (3) the draftEIS is thorough and balanced; and (4)delays caused by an inadequate EIS areavoided. TVA ’s NEPA procedures\nrequire that the scoping processcommence soon after a decision hasbeen reached to prepare an EIS in orderto provide an early and open process fordetermining the scope and foridentifying the significant issues relatedto a proposed action. The scope ofalternatives and issues to be addressedin the draft EIS will be determined, inpart, from written comments submittedby mail or e-mail, and commentspresented orally or in writing at publicmeetings. The preliminary identificationin this notice of reasonable alternativesand environmental issues is not meantto be exhaustive or final.\nThe scoping process will include both\ninteragency and public scoping. Thepublic is invited to submit writtencomments or e-mail comments on thescope of this EIS no later than the dategiven under the \nDATES section of this\nnotice.\nTVA will conduct a public scoping\nmeeting at the Pickwick Landing StatePark Inn and Conference Center onMarch 5, 2002. At the meeting, TVAmanagement and project staff willpresent overviews of the EIS process,PPLLC staff will present an overview ofthe proposed power plant project, andTVA will answer questions and solicitcomments on the issues that the publicwould like addressed in the EIS. Thismeeting will be publicized throughnotices in local newspapers, TVA pressreleases, information on TVA ’s Web site\nat http://www.tva.gov/environment/\nreports, and meetings between TVA\nofficials and local elected officialspreceding the public meeting.\nThe federal agencies identified at this\ntime for inclusion in the interagencyscoping are the U.S. EnvironmentalProtection Agency, U.S. Army Corps ofEngineers (which has agreed to be aCooperating Agency in preparation ofthe EIS), and the U.S. Fish and WildlifeService. State agencies include theTennessee Department of Economic andCommunity Development, TennesseeDepartment of Environment and\nConservation, Tennessee WildlifeResources Agency, and the TennesseeState Historic Preservation Officer.Regional and local agencies include theSouthwest Tennessee DevelopmentDistrict, Hardin County government,and the Hardin County Historian. Indiantribes include the Eastern Band of theCherokee Indians, the UnitedKeetoowah Band of the Cherokee\nIndians, the Cherokee Nation ofOklahoma, the Chickasaw Nation, theMuscogee (Creek) Nation of Oklahoma,the Poarch Band of Creek Indians, theKialegee Tribal Town, the Alabama-Quassarte Tribal Town, theThlopthlocco Tribal Town, and theAlabama-Coushatta Tribe. Otheragencies, as appropriate and identified,will also be included.\nAfter consideration of the scoping\ncomments, TVA will establishalternatives and environmental issues tobe addressed in the EIS. Followinganalysis of the environmentalconsequences of each alternative, TVAwill prepare a draft EIS for publicreview and comment. Notice ofavailability of the draft EIS will bepublished by the EnvironmentalProtection Agency in the Federal\nRegister . Copies will be sent to public\nlibraries, those requesting a copy,governmental agencies, and IndianTribes, and a copy will be placed onTVA ’s Web site at http://www.tva.gov/\nenvironment/reports. TVA will solicit\nwritten comments on the draft EIS, andinformation about public meetings tocomment on the draft EIS will beannounced. TVA expects to release adraft EIS by October 2002 and a finalEIS by January 2003.\nDated: February 11, 2002.\nKathryn J. Jackson,Executive Vice President, River System\nOperations & Environment.\n[FR Doc. 02 –4052 Filed 2 –19–02; 8:45 am]\nBILLING CODE 8120 –08–P\nOFFICE OF THE UNITED STATES\nTRADE REPRESENTATIVE\nDeterminations Under the African\nGrowth and Opportunity Act\nAGENCY: Office of the United States\nTrade Representative.\nACTION: Notice.\nSUMMARY: The United States Trade\nRepresentative has determined thatMozambique has adopted an effectivevisa system and related procedures toprevent unlawful transshipment and theuse of counterfeit documents inconnection with shipments of textileand apparel articles and hasimplemented and follows, or is makingsubstantial progress towardimplementing and following, thecustoms procedures required by theAfrican Growth and Opportunity Act.Therefore, imports of eligible productsfrom Mozambique qualify for the textileand apparel benefits provided under theAGOA.\nVerDate 11<MAY>2000 17:46 Feb 19, 2002 Jkt 197001 PO 00000 Frm 00068 Fmt 4703 Sfmt 4703 E:\\FR\\FM\\20FEN1.SGM pfrm07 PsN: 20FEN1 7734 Federal Register / Vol. 67, No. 34 / Wednesday, February 20, 2002 / Notices\nDATES: February 6, 2002.\nFOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT :\nChris Moore, Director for Africa TradePolicy, Office of the United States TradeRepresentative, (202) 395 –9514.\nSUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION : The\nAfrican Growth and Opportunity Act(Title I of the Trade and DevelopmentAct of 2000, Pub. L. 106 –200) (AGOA)\nprovides preferential tariff treatment forimports of certain textile and apparelproducts of beneficiary sub-SaharanAfrican countries. The textile andapparel trade benefits under the AGOAare available to imports of eligibleproducts from countries that thePresident designates as ‘‘beneficiary\nsub-Saharan African countries, ’’\nprovided that these countries (1) haveadopted an effective visa system andrelated procedures to prevent unlawfultransshipment and the use of counterfeitdocuments, and (2) have implementedand follow, or are making substantialprogress toward implementing andfollowing, certain customs proceduresthat assist the Customs Service inverifying the origin of the products.\nIn Proclamation 7350 (Oct. 2, 2000),\nthe President designated Mozambiqueas a ‘‘beneficiary sub-Saharan African\ncountry. ’’ Proclamation 7350 delegated\nto the United States TradeRepresentative (USTR) the authority todetermine whether designated countrieshave met the two requirements\ndescribed above. The President directedthe USTR to announce any suchdeterminations in the Federal Register\nand to implement them throughmodifications of the Harmonized TariffSchedule of the United States (HTS).Based on actions that Mozambique hastaken, I have determined thatMozambique has satisfied these tworequirements.\nAccordingly, pursuant to the\nauthority vested in the USTR byProclamation 7350, U.S. note 7(a) tosubchapter II of chapter 98 of the HTSand U.S. note 1 to subchapter XIX ofchapter 98 of the HTS are each modifiedby inserting ‘‘Mozambique ’’ in\nalphabetical sequence in the list ofcountries. The foregoing modificationsto the HTS are effective with respect toarticles entered, or withdrawn fromwarehouse, for consumption on or afterthe effective date of this notice.Importers claiming preferential tarifftreatment under the AGOA for entries oftextile and apparel articles shouldensure that those entries meet theapplicable visa requirements. See Visa\nRequirements Under the African Growthand Opportunity Act , 66 FR 7837\n(2001).\nRobert B. Zoellick,\nUnited States Trade Representative.\n[FR Doc. 02 –4060 Filed 2 –19–02; 8:45 am]\nBILLING CODE 3190 –01–M\nDEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION\nCoast Guard\n[USCG 2001 –11106]\nInformation Collection Under Review\nby the Office of Management andBudget (OMB): 2115 –0115, 2115 –0078,\n2115–0113, and 2115 –0013\nAGENCY: Coast Guard, DOT.\nACTION: Request for comments.\nSUMMARY: In compliance with the\nPaperwork Reduction Act of 1995, thisrequest for comments announces thatthe Coast Guard has forwarded fourInformation Collection Reports (ICRs)abstracted below to the Office ofInformation and Regulatory Affairs(OIRA) of the Office of Management andBudget (OMB) for review and comment.Our ICRs describe the information weseek to collect from the public. Reviewand comment by OIRA ensures that weimpose only paperwork burdenscommensurate with our performance ofduties.\nDATES: Please submit comments on or\nbefore March 22, 2002.\nADDRESSES : To make sure that your\ncomments and related material do notenter the docket [USCG 2001 –11106]\nmore than once, please submit them byonly one of the following means:\n(1)(a) By mail to the Docket\nManagement Facility, U.S. Departmentof Transportation, room PL –401, 400\nSeventh Street SW., Washington, DC20590 –0001. (b) OIRA, 725 17th Street\nNW, Washington, DC 20503, to theattention of the Desk Officer for theCoast Guard. Caution: Because of recentdelays in the delivery of mail, yourcomments may reach the Facility morequickly if you choose one of the othermeans described below.\n(2)(a) By delivery to room PL –401 at\nthe address given in paragraph (1)(a)above, between 9 a.m. and 5 p.m.,Monday through Friday, except Federalholidays. The telephone number is 202 –\n366–9329. (b) OIRA, at the address\ngiven in paragraph (1)(b) above, to theattention of the Desk Officer for theCoast Guard.\n(3) By fax to (a) the Docket\nManagement Facility at 202 –493–2251\nor (b) OIRA 202 –395–7285, attention:\nDesk Officer for the Coast Guard.(4)(a) Electronically through the Web\nsite for the Docket Management Systemat http://dms.dot.gov. (b) OIRA does not\nhave a Web site on which you can postyour comments.\nThe Docket Management Facility\nmaintains the public docket for thisnotice. Comments and material receivedfrom the public, as well as documentsmentioned in this notice as beingavailable in the docket, will become partof this docket and will be available forinspection or copying at room PL –401\n(Plaza level), 400 Seventh Street SW.,Washington, DC, between 9 a.m. and 5p.m., Monday through Friday, exceptFederal holidays. You may also find thisdocket on the Internet at http://\ndms.dot.gov.\nCopies of the complete ICRs are\navailable for inspection and copying inpublic dockets. Copies are available indocket USCG 2001 –11106 of the Docket\nManagement Facility between 10 a.m.and 5 p.m., Monday through Friday,except Federal holidays; for inspectionand printing on the Internet at http://\ndms.dot.gov; and for inspection from the\nCommandant (G –CIM–2), U.S. Coast\nGuard, room 6106, 2100 Second StreetS.W., Washington, DC, between 10 a.m.and 4 p.m., Monday through Friday,except Federal holidays.\nFOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT :\nBarbara Davis, Office of InformationManagement, 202 –267–2326, for\nquestions on this document; DorothyBeard, Chief, Documentary ServicesDivision, U.S. Department ofTransportation, 202 –366–5149, for\nquestions on the docket.\nSUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION :\nRegulatory History\nThis request constitutes the 30-day\nnotice required by OIRA. The CoastGuard has already published (66 FR64336 (December 12, 2001)) the 60-daynotice required by OIRA. That noticeelicited no comments.\nRequest for Comments\nThe Coast Guard invites comments on\nthe proposed collection of informationto determine whether the collection isnecessary for the proper performance ofthe functions of the Department. Inparticular, the Coast Guard wouldappreciate comments addressing: (1)\nThe practical utility of the collection; (2)the accuracy of the Department ’s\nestimated burden of the collection; (3)ways to enhance the quality, utility, andclarity of the information that is thesubject of the collection; and (4) ways tominimize the burden of collection onrespondents, including the use ofautomated collection techniques orother forms of information technology.\nVerDate 11<MAY>2000 17:46 Feb 19, 2002 Jkt 197001 PO 00000 Frm 00069 Fmt 4703 Sfmt 4703 E:\\FR\\FM\\20FEN1.SGM pfrm07 PsN: 20FEN1"
} |
[
-0.11883839964866638,
0.04829868674278259,
-0.0025480559561401606,
-0.011011209338903427,
0.05195074528455734,
0.010291832499206066,
0.1154332384467125,
0.0007007909007370472,
-0.08592535555362701,
-0.07065396010875702,
0.0013317164266481996,
-0.035472381860017776,
0.018434155732393265,
-0.006737178191542625,
0.024402987211942673,
-0.029503243044018745,
-0.058138374239206314,
-0.05043954402208328,
-0.020765526220202446,
0.029036032035946846,
-0.06367600709199905,
0.024029914289712906,
0.0262432973831892,
-0.006037362851202488,
-0.011076544411480427,
-0.0014006864512339234,
-0.018619801849126816,
0.03277004510164261,
0.0028860096354037523,
-0.05694391578435898,
-0.04394163936376572,
0.025414075702428818,
0.08790954202413559,
-0.02499123103916645,
-0.03668315336108208,
0.0062413448467850685,
-0.06646791845560074,
-0.0671444833278656,
0.020564241334795952,
0.04238877445459366,
0.021880215033888817,
-0.04288247600197792,
-0.03437700495123863,
0.06146686151623726,
0.0656372681260109,
-0.0785202905535698,
0.029487011954188347,
0.010798297822475433,
0.06332410126924515,
-0.04508465901017189,
-0.01823394186794758,
-0.027721041813492775,
-0.0036737609189003706,
-0.03659451752901077,
0.054250262677669525,
-0.02085655927658081,
0.015034922398626804,
-0.060095224529504776,
0.016393909230828285,
-0.03323858231306076,
0.01750349812209606,
-0.0005952207720838487,
-0.16348379850387573,
0.08492093533277512,
-0.07583844661712646,
0.0161097701638937,
0.048382941633462906,
-0.007598146330565214,
-0.024985475465655327,
0.05949747934937477,
0.0658901110291481,
-0.03513742983341217,
0.0008843158720992506,
-0.11567969620227814,
0.049390342086553574,
0.03360460326075554,
0.055154237896203995,
0.026383694261312485,
0.053694359958171844,
0.038932498544454575,
0.0004393816343508661,
0.0180604699999094,
-0.09288253635168076,
-0.004073987249284983,
-0.0008234609267674387,
-0.04883106052875519,
-0.006677441764622927,
-0.023541681468486786,
-0.03813307359814644,
0.05245159938931465,
-0.042493823915719986,
-0.055899728089571,
0.08681583404541016,
-0.04896170645952225,
-0.08339672535657883,
-0.0457635223865509,
0.029042238369584084,
0.03465776517987251,
-0.08649188280105591,
0.4062184691429138,
0.03594949096441269,
0.018697189167141914,
0.0979783833026886,
-0.007865204475820065,
0.023714108392596245,
-0.05756505951285362,
-0.06109985336661339,
-0.006620500702410936,
0.007060033269226551,
0.021669859066605568,
-0.024405108764767647,
-0.033514637500047684,
0.00025015627034008503,
0.03170765936374664,
0.04407161846756935,
0.09463243186473846,
-0.035580113530159,
-0.0045343064703047276,
0.043714847415685654,
0.00020504710846580565,
-0.002858717693015933,
-0.024884076789021492,
0.0037606365513056517,
0.014041258953511715,
0.07781578600406647,
-0.1323145031929016,
0.0068764761090278625,
-7.2201250750405e-33,
0.007334581576287746,
0.002726183971390128,
0.012147537432610989,
-0.002440247917547822,
0.027932560071349144,
0.03927065059542656,
0.003743888111785054,
-0.04643532633781433,
-0.014492551796138287,
0.05360198765993118,
0.006590632256120443,
0.03664784133434296,
-0.023135676980018616,
0.03275369852781296,
0.07811082899570465,
0.009627518244087696,
0.007964123040437698,
0.0028742437716573477,
-0.0018807238666340709,
0.004691542126238346,
-0.012402275577187538,
-0.0008041393011808395,
-0.023038707673549652,
0.04297299310564995,
-0.028259985148906708,
-0.06694644689559937,
0.038539037108421326,
-0.07085712999105453,
0.020109260454773903,
0.001460324041545391,
0.0014639950823038816,
0.049912355840206146,
-0.02594558522105217,
0.0008223677286878228,
-0.03757276013493538,
-0.028740663081407547,
0.03337514027953148,
-0.07462829351425171,
-0.035983964800834656,
0.025680823251605034,
-0.050139084458351135,
0.010837196372449398,
-0.04243791848421097,
-0.002668545348569751,
-0.004916265141218901,
0.16647927463054657,
-0.0011541391722857952,
-0.004960660357028246,
-0.06482207775115967,
0.06976216286420822,
-0.0028182310052216053,
-0.02132517658174038,
-0.11613703519105911,
0.04333868995308876,
-0.0033509607892483473,
-0.020106570795178413,
0.016554009169340134,
-0.043971188366413116,
0.020619438961148262,
-0.009089959785342216,
0.009713641367852688,
0.039391469210386276,
-0.012487754225730896,
0.009350251406431198,
-0.08647788316011429,
-0.04851773753762245,
0.02447775937616825,
-0.008494960144162178,
0.023063570261001587,
-0.012638214975595474,
-0.05100997909903526,
0.03675990551710129,
0.03771744668483734,
0.030916057527065277,
-0.028798431158065796,
-0.01926880143582821,
-0.019831717014312744,
0.03583517670631409,
0.08063048869371414,
0.00649732630699873,
0.03545527532696724,
-0.041958946734666824,
0.006693818140774965,
-0.024078864604234695,
0.09502369910478592,
0.054634999483823776,
0.004220988135784864,
-0.05180729925632477,
0.01021517813205719,
-0.041098661720752716,
-0.03574559465050697,
0.06131820008158684,
-0.0030944310128688812,
0.08796171098947525,
0.006000818684697151,
4.4925641867161134e-33,
-0.07716735452413559,
0.01899317093193531,
-0.03573813661932945,
0.0887979194521904,
-0.01755509153008461,
-0.0027626880910247564,
0.037273939698934555,
0.09013677388429642,
-0.09250447154045105,
0.0680299699306488,
0.022390201687812805,
-0.045089662075042725,
0.030878892168402672,
0.044495198875665665,
-0.005799654871225357,
0.03523358702659607,
0.06968843936920166,
-0.004063474480062723,
-0.028155116364359856,
-0.03572935611009598,
-0.030507177114486694,
-0.03237851336598396,
-0.0024998304434120655,
0.034929435700178146,
-0.04148077219724655,
0.030205287039279938,
0.04858911409974098,
0.0632987916469574,
-0.021693143993616104,
0.036800533533096313,
0.03896567225456238,
-0.023581488057971,
-0.05063262954354286,
-0.05820295587182045,
0.04826247692108154,
0.08404397964477539,
0.03678114339709282,
-0.0007768925279378891,
0.024848245084285736,
-0.05051735043525696,
0.039668887853622437,
-0.010082785040140152,
0.002244437113404274,
0.11697717010974884,
-0.021961307153105736,
-0.005805923603475094,
-0.048092879354953766,
0.003788944333791733,
0.035172659903764725,
0.07729728519916534,
-0.09319712221622467,
-0.011992926709353924,
-0.021968109533190727,
0.04129430651664734,
-0.022958293557167053,
0.004160518292337656,
-0.0432187058031559,
0.0702132061123848,
-0.01905948668718338,
0.0004752702370751649,
0.005480603780597448,
0.026761434972286224,
-0.033612821251153946,
0.01346849836409092,
-0.022746674716472626,
0.03873894736170769,
-0.024523282423615456,
-0.03632815554738045,
-0.0017924589337781072,
-0.052569907158613205,
0.006689464673399925,
-0.025846485048532486,
-0.1348353624343872,
0.0011394252069294453,
-0.047169335186481476,
-0.05347497761249542,
-0.018427148461341858,
-0.007304163184016943,
-0.009657083079218864,
-0.037726134061813354,
-0.033999841660261154,
0.01841733604669571,
-0.008003143593668938,
-0.005512353032827377,
-0.03353199362754822,
-0.0201805979013443,
0.021665804088115692,
0.01075822301208973,
-0.05747472122311592,
0.01969684660434723,
-0.007240809965878725,
0.023037107661366463,
0.12023406475782394,
0.0032419958151876926,
0.010150063782930374,
-1.3403668397415913e-8,
-0.046724583953619,
0.04062063992023468,
-0.05561641603708267,
-0.0018853341462090611,
0.056323979049921036,
0.049638908356428146,
-0.04154156893491745,
0.0325038842856884,
0.02574923262000084,
-0.018780937418341637,
0.06920813769102097,
0.02598794549703598,
-0.02782331220805645,
0.05757509544491768,
0.09128093719482422,
-0.01532574463635683,
-0.10472093522548676,
-0.027585938572883606,
-0.016222817823290825,
-0.035399287939071655,
-0.010461363941431046,
-0.013999390415847301,
-0.0002939800324384123,
-0.08362972736358643,
0.007932317443192005,
0.006960071157664061,
-0.04422977939248085,
0.07475824654102325,
0.07440952211618423,
-0.04058071970939636,
-0.0018266832921653986,
0.01985001191496849,
0.014382191933691502,
0.020585300400853157,
0.02213379554450512,
-0.06437048316001892,
-0.06369856745004654,
0.01613914780318737,
0.009907381609082222,
-0.0055595203302800655,
-0.05467313155531883,
-0.0233115516602993,
0.07046928256750107,
0.006468005012720823,
-0.047700025141239166,
-0.0036470729392021894,
0.007837599143385887,
-0.004974569659680128,
-0.01241857185959816,
-0.07781214267015457,
-0.0009409073390997946,
-0.008002524264156818,
0.006034235469996929,
0.08434933423995972,
0.10730371624231339,
0.011427774094045162,
0.013366665691137314,
-0.012747352942824364,
0.061454374343156815,
0.03564131259918213,
0.1587459295988083,
0.12640950083732605,
0.04654904082417488,
-0.015717294067144394
] | {
"pdf_file": "LLO7S5EGRT25W2HWQK2FCIFNJGL6OLQ3.pdf",
"text": " "
} |
[
-0.11883839964866638,
0.04829868674278259,
-0.0025480559561401606,
-0.011011209338903427,
0.05195074528455734,
0.010291832499206066,
0.1154332384467125,
0.0007007909007370472,
-0.08592535555362701,
-0.07065396010875702,
0.0013317164266481996,
-0.035472381860017776,
0.018434155732393265,
-0.006737178191542625,
0.024402987211942673,
-0.029503243044018745,
-0.058138374239206314,
-0.05043954402208328,
-0.020765526220202446,
0.029036032035946846,
-0.06367600709199905,
0.024029914289712906,
0.0262432973831892,
-0.006037362851202488,
-0.011076544411480427,
-0.0014006864512339234,
-0.018619801849126816,
0.03277004510164261,
0.0028860096354037523,
-0.05694391578435898,
-0.04394163936376572,
0.025414075702428818,
0.08790954202413559,
-0.02499123103916645,
-0.03668315336108208,
0.0062413448467850685,
-0.06646791845560074,
-0.0671444833278656,
0.020564241334795952,
0.04238877445459366,
0.021880215033888817,
-0.04288247600197792,
-0.03437700495123863,
0.06146686151623726,
0.0656372681260109,
-0.0785202905535698,
0.029487011954188347,
0.010798297822475433,
0.06332410126924515,
-0.04508465901017189,
-0.01823394186794758,
-0.027721041813492775,
-0.0036737609189003706,
-0.03659451752901077,
0.054250262677669525,
-0.02085655927658081,
0.015034922398626804,
-0.060095224529504776,
0.016393909230828285,
-0.03323858231306076,
0.01750349812209606,
-0.0005952207720838487,
-0.16348379850387573,
0.08492093533277512,
-0.07583844661712646,
0.0161097701638937,
0.048382941633462906,
-0.007598146330565214,
-0.024985475465655327,
0.05949747934937477,
0.0658901110291481,
-0.03513742983341217,
0.0008843158720992506,
-0.11567969620227814,
0.049390342086553574,
0.03360460326075554,
0.055154237896203995,
0.026383694261312485,
0.053694359958171844,
0.038932498544454575,
0.0004393816343508661,
0.0180604699999094,
-0.09288253635168076,
-0.004073987249284983,
-0.0008234609267674387,
-0.04883106052875519,
-0.006677441764622927,
-0.023541681468486786,
-0.03813307359814644,
0.05245159938931465,
-0.042493823915719986,
-0.055899728089571,
0.08681583404541016,
-0.04896170645952225,
-0.08339672535657883,
-0.0457635223865509,
0.029042238369584084,
0.03465776517987251,
-0.08649188280105591,
0.4062184691429138,
0.03594949096441269,
0.018697189167141914,
0.0979783833026886,
-0.007865204475820065,
0.023714108392596245,
-0.05756505951285362,
-0.06109985336661339,
-0.006620500702410936,
0.007060033269226551,
0.021669859066605568,
-0.024405108764767647,
-0.033514637500047684,
0.00025015627034008503,
0.03170765936374664,
0.04407161846756935,
0.09463243186473846,
-0.035580113530159,
-0.0045343064703047276,
0.043714847415685654,
0.00020504710846580565,
-0.002858717693015933,
-0.024884076789021492,
0.0037606365513056517,
0.014041258953511715,
0.07781578600406647,
-0.1323145031929016,
0.0068764761090278625,
-7.2201250750405e-33,
0.007334581576287746,
0.002726183971390128,
0.012147537432610989,
-0.002440247917547822,
0.027932560071349144,
0.03927065059542656,
0.003743888111785054,
-0.04643532633781433,
-0.014492551796138287,
0.05360198765993118,
0.006590632256120443,
0.03664784133434296,
-0.023135676980018616,
0.03275369852781296,
0.07811082899570465,
0.009627518244087696,
0.007964123040437698,
0.0028742437716573477,
-0.0018807238666340709,
0.004691542126238346,
-0.012402275577187538,
-0.0008041393011808395,
-0.023038707673549652,
0.04297299310564995,
-0.028259985148906708,
-0.06694644689559937,
0.038539037108421326,
-0.07085712999105453,
0.020109260454773903,
0.001460324041545391,
0.0014639950823038816,
0.049912355840206146,
-0.02594558522105217,
0.0008223677286878228,
-0.03757276013493538,
-0.028740663081407547,
0.03337514027953148,
-0.07462829351425171,
-0.035983964800834656,
0.025680823251605034,
-0.050139084458351135,
0.010837196372449398,
-0.04243791848421097,
-0.002668545348569751,
-0.004916265141218901,
0.16647927463054657,
-0.0011541391722857952,
-0.004960660357028246,
-0.06482207775115967,
0.06976216286420822,
-0.0028182310052216053,
-0.02132517658174038,
-0.11613703519105911,
0.04333868995308876,
-0.0033509607892483473,
-0.020106570795178413,
0.016554009169340134,
-0.043971188366413116,
0.020619438961148262,
-0.009089959785342216,
0.009713641367852688,
0.039391469210386276,
-0.012487754225730896,
0.009350251406431198,
-0.08647788316011429,
-0.04851773753762245,
0.02447775937616825,
-0.008494960144162178,
0.023063570261001587,
-0.012638214975595474,
-0.05100997909903526,
0.03675990551710129,
0.03771744668483734,
0.030916057527065277,
-0.028798431158065796,
-0.01926880143582821,
-0.019831717014312744,
0.03583517670631409,
0.08063048869371414,
0.00649732630699873,
0.03545527532696724,
-0.041958946734666824,
0.006693818140774965,
-0.024078864604234695,
0.09502369910478592,
0.054634999483823776,
0.004220988135784864,
-0.05180729925632477,
0.01021517813205719,
-0.041098661720752716,
-0.03574559465050697,
0.06131820008158684,
-0.0030944310128688812,
0.08796171098947525,
0.006000818684697151,
4.4925641867161134e-33,
-0.07716735452413559,
0.01899317093193531,
-0.03573813661932945,
0.0887979194521904,
-0.01755509153008461,
-0.0027626880910247564,
0.037273939698934555,
0.09013677388429642,
-0.09250447154045105,
0.0680299699306488,
0.022390201687812805,
-0.045089662075042725,
0.030878892168402672,
0.044495198875665665,
-0.005799654871225357,
0.03523358702659607,
0.06968843936920166,
-0.004063474480062723,
-0.028155116364359856,
-0.03572935611009598,
-0.030507177114486694,
-0.03237851336598396,
-0.0024998304434120655,
0.034929435700178146,
-0.04148077219724655,
0.030205287039279938,
0.04858911409974098,
0.0632987916469574,
-0.021693143993616104,
0.036800533533096313,
0.03896567225456238,
-0.023581488057971,
-0.05063262954354286,
-0.05820295587182045,
0.04826247692108154,
0.08404397964477539,
0.03678114339709282,
-0.0007768925279378891,
0.024848245084285736,
-0.05051735043525696,
0.039668887853622437,
-0.010082785040140152,
0.002244437113404274,
0.11697717010974884,
-0.021961307153105736,
-0.005805923603475094,
-0.048092879354953766,
0.003788944333791733,
0.035172659903764725,
0.07729728519916534,
-0.09319712221622467,
-0.011992926709353924,
-0.021968109533190727,
0.04129430651664734,
-0.022958293557167053,
0.004160518292337656,
-0.0432187058031559,
0.0702132061123848,
-0.01905948668718338,
0.0004752702370751649,
0.005480603780597448,
0.026761434972286224,
-0.033612821251153946,
0.01346849836409092,
-0.022746674716472626,
0.03873894736170769,
-0.024523282423615456,
-0.03632815554738045,
-0.0017924589337781072,
-0.052569907158613205,
0.006689464673399925,
-0.025846485048532486,
-0.1348353624343872,
0.0011394252069294453,
-0.047169335186481476,
-0.05347497761249542,
-0.018427148461341858,
-0.007304163184016943,
-0.009657083079218864,
-0.037726134061813354,
-0.033999841660261154,
0.01841733604669571,
-0.008003143593668938,
-0.005512353032827377,
-0.03353199362754822,
-0.0201805979013443,
0.021665804088115692,
0.01075822301208973,
-0.05747472122311592,
0.01969684660434723,
-0.007240809965878725,
0.023037107661366463,
0.12023406475782394,
0.0032419958151876926,
0.010150063782930374,
-1.3403668397415913e-8,
-0.046724583953619,
0.04062063992023468,
-0.05561641603708267,
-0.0018853341462090611,
0.056323979049921036,
0.049638908356428146,
-0.04154156893491745,
0.0325038842856884,
0.02574923262000084,
-0.018780937418341637,
0.06920813769102097,
0.02598794549703598,
-0.02782331220805645,
0.05757509544491768,
0.09128093719482422,
-0.01532574463635683,
-0.10472093522548676,
-0.027585938572883606,
-0.016222817823290825,
-0.035399287939071655,
-0.010461363941431046,
-0.013999390415847301,
-0.0002939800324384123,
-0.08362972736358643,
0.007932317443192005,
0.006960071157664061,
-0.04422977939248085,
0.07475824654102325,
0.07440952211618423,
-0.04058071970939636,
-0.0018266832921653986,
0.01985001191496849,
0.014382191933691502,
0.020585300400853157,
0.02213379554450512,
-0.06437048316001892,
-0.06369856745004654,
0.01613914780318737,
0.009907381609082222,
-0.0055595203302800655,
-0.05467313155531883,
-0.0233115516602993,
0.07046928256750107,
0.006468005012720823,
-0.047700025141239166,
-0.0036470729392021894,
0.007837599143385887,
-0.004974569659680128,
-0.01241857185959816,
-0.07781214267015457,
-0.0009409073390997946,
-0.008002524264156818,
0.006034235469996929,
0.08434933423995972,
0.10730371624231339,
0.011427774094045162,
0.013366665691137314,
-0.012747352942824364,
0.061454374343156815,
0.03564131259918213,
0.1587459295988083,
0.12640950083732605,
0.04654904082417488,
-0.015717294067144394
] | {
"pdf_file": "OW26QBLLEQRZH5PWHLAQGVI427SWTZUM.pdf",
"text": " "
} |
[
-0.028983071446418762,
0.022163378074765205,
0.031097382307052612,
0.044873885810375214,
-0.011204727925360203,
0.0618707537651062,
0.10303348302841187,
-0.040902718901634216,
0.012657350860536098,
-0.04261597618460655,
0.07307980954647064,
-0.024164460599422455,
0.03609837591648102,
0.03698224946856499,
0.007244754582643509,
0.021995998919010162,
-0.021063705906271935,
0.05784304440021515,
-0.054591283202171326,
-0.048207856714725494,
-0.025882380083203316,
0.015011723153293133,
-0.004191359505057335,
-0.012179096229374409,
-0.037871383130550385,
0.09818010032176971,
-0.03422147408127785,
-0.046664174646139145,
-0.00762961944565177,
0.0034039367455989122,
0.008876330219209194,
0.08176011592149734,
0.0020558570977300406,
-0.004009942524135113,
-0.004257417283952236,
0.053708262741565704,
-0.058671288192272186,
0.009355374611914158,
0.07950343191623688,
0.017153112217783928,
-0.03131921961903572,
-0.0745738297700882,
0.01819898933172226,
-0.07535061240196228,
0.01290258951485157,
-0.043815311044454575,
-0.049060482531785965,
-0.06000674143433571,
0.053486865013837814,
-0.041529785841703415,
-0.056204523891210556,
0.017814500257372856,
-0.00835209060460329,
0.057874780148267746,
-0.05066880211234093,
-0.05717036500573158,
-0.04675662890076637,
-0.029337944462895393,
0.011715760454535484,
-0.035242095589637756,
-0.03446351736783981,
-0.02943025529384613,
0.04247422143816948,
0.0465674065053463,
-0.025507239624857903,
-0.03769507259130478,
-0.05271323770284653,
0.03419230133295059,
-0.022495077922940254,
0.14773567020893097,
-0.03812865912914276,
0.0336010567843914,
-0.020552411675453186,
0.09424638748168945,
-0.06578133255243301,
0.019296610727906227,
0.05537531152367592,
-0.03187409043312073,
0.0859716385602951,
-0.10548198223114014,
0.008677653037011623,
-0.030206607654690742,
0.01245180144906044,
0.025317532941699028,
-0.004481024574488401,
0.02609432302415371,
-0.026770520955324173,
0.02037540264427662,
0.02124163508415222,
-0.06361134350299835,
0.08856640756130219,
0.05329636484384537,
-0.023862846195697784,
-0.056951817125082016,
0.0014858178328722715,
-0.04610005021095276,
-0.029598698019981384,
-0.0069405254907906055,
-0.10599610954523087,
0.022988874465227127,
-0.000606183719355613,
0.05840759351849556,
0.10087450593709946,
-0.01700049266219139,
-0.09257949143648148,
-0.04659955948591232,
0.029496055096387863,
-0.024745771661400795,
0.021414851769804955,
-0.020370570942759514,
-0.08207251876592636,
-0.031065840274095535,
-0.0036468226462602615,
-0.014371747151017189,
0.004055763129144907,
-0.024353262037038803,
0.0236809141933918,
-0.03537913039326668,
-0.013914130628108978,
0.0788348913192749,
-0.020152125507593155,
0.01470621395856142,
-0.0198176521807909,
0.01926739700138569,
-0.08027386665344238,
0.013678768649697304,
0.012191732414066792,
3.1650082540134394e-32,
-0.004821087699383497,
0.017990928143262863,
0.034193698316812515,
-0.07252799719572067,
0.08781662583351135,
-0.06789161264896393,
-0.019074713811278343,
-0.045636460185050964,
-0.12334095686674118,
0.012919092550873756,
0.012853777967393398,
-0.03050403669476509,
0.01663426123559475,
-0.05085943639278412,
0.013093914836645126,
-0.015370678156614304,
-0.06327098608016968,
-0.07112477719783783,
-0.013133620843291283,
0.028895888477563858,
0.0524536557495594,
0.03504583612084389,
0.02794830873608589,
0.056234609335660934,
-0.031062379479408264,
-0.03323136270046234,
0.02977275289595127,
-0.040152717381715775,
0.025529615581035614,
0.04959549009799957,
-0.03245076164603233,
0.001451630610972643,
-0.058268953114748,
-0.07713402062654495,
-0.09006575495004654,
-0.02633853815495968,
-0.01438515167683363,
-0.03494682163000107,
-0.09942498058080673,
-0.0328819677233696,
-0.04359107092022896,
-0.030884141102433205,
0.00843341089785099,
0.047198258340358734,
-0.019101673737168312,
0.08133950084447861,
0.08475246280431747,
-0.03208645060658455,
-0.02552943117916584,
0.012219475582242012,
-0.012525789439678192,
-0.012334559112787247,
-0.03627400100231171,
-0.05154210701584816,
0.03865205496549606,
-0.004369117319583893,
-0.006318016909062862,
0.06044502183794975,
0.034742265939712524,
-0.006754585076123476,
0.07404401153326035,
-0.004664005246013403,
0.03972826525568962,
0.0037131677381694317,
0.06422753632068634,
-0.0783313438296318,
-0.04061457887291908,
-0.062254827469587326,
0.07749272137880325,
0.007165218703448772,
0.018149077892303467,
-0.026151640340685844,
-0.03856915980577469,
0.030942784622311592,
0.03324849158525467,
-0.01902814209461212,
0.054189134389162064,
-0.025734297931194305,
0.026189396157860756,
-0.04085646569728851,
-0.0039030364714562893,
0.003200455103069544,
-0.008618850260972977,
0.013309672474861145,
0.10012361407279968,
-0.041039854288101196,
-0.003953045234084129,
-0.08227258175611496,
-0.09552021324634552,
0.025426968932151794,
-0.04407818987965584,
0.04488459601998329,
0.04744550213217735,
-0.06995441764593124,
-0.11015781760215759,
-2.7921928738104583e-32,
0.006576769985258579,
0.05172421410679817,
-0.027127467095851898,
0.06412282586097717,
0.015970243141055107,
-0.08428967744112015,
0.00007524993998231366,
0.03380909562110901,
0.15009620785713196,
-0.029168955981731415,
-0.03593010827898979,
-0.10669368505477905,
0.0026407213881611824,
0.044030990451574326,
0.009763198904693127,
0.013680588454008102,
0.07829908281564713,
0.060569971799850464,
-0.06838923692703247,
0.019974246621131897,
0.02687752991914749,
0.07711196690797806,
-0.05203736573457718,
0.09875528514385223,
-0.021090971305966377,
0.08277398347854614,
0.03803683817386627,
-0.0013862189371138811,
-0.04876001924276352,
-0.003772053634747863,
-0.060288961976766586,
-0.11108919233083725,
-0.03302515670657158,
0.049806393682956696,
-0.05224958062171936,
-0.032753556966781616,
0.006329974625259638,
-0.015106400474905968,
-0.09106217324733734,
-0.01028243638575077,
0.012285086326301098,
0.0559622161090374,
-0.08589641004800797,
-0.023229504004120827,
0.022195003926753998,
-0.02860133908689022,
0.028854142874479294,
-0.02204616740345955,
-0.06298930943012238,
-0.06304766237735748,
0.06138649582862854,
-0.02770005352795124,
-0.10626468807458878,
0.04535640403628349,
0.0498647578060627,
0.005958728026598692,
0.029503466561436653,
-0.10836002975702286,
-0.10576274991035461,
-0.02869085781276226,
-0.039969153702259064,
-0.04710935801267624,
0.005184505134820938,
-0.010571036487817764,
0.06897734850645065,
-0.047985684126615524,
0.05781019106507301,
0.0033723912201821804,
-0.022021448239684105,
-0.06671024113893509,
0.05716494470834732,
-0.0702667236328125,
-0.20622646808624268,
-0.05667212978005409,
0.03648201376199722,
0.04094924032688141,
-0.025588978081941605,
0.07586119323968887,
-0.03132260963320732,
-0.05275348201394081,
-0.03003302589058876,
-0.08831422030925751,
0.017445625737309456,
0.028346555307507515,
0.028431737795472145,
0.06112765148282051,
-0.016273600980639458,
0.02141140028834343,
0.08412106335163116,
0.0817040354013443,
0.019710645079612732,
0.04780588671565056,
0.03332134336233139,
0.06040702760219574,
-0.008818810805678368,
-7.225899878449127e-8,
-0.002811505226418376,
-0.01624693162739277,
-0.08715777099132538,
-0.04818041995167732,
0.08484191447496414,
0.016309143975377083,
-0.06671834737062454,
-0.04679279401898384,
-0.0086301788687706,
0.0558956116437912,
0.030777383595705032,
0.026088763028383255,
0.02361849881708622,
0.008325761184096336,
-0.004034904297441244,
0.11016075313091278,
0.050937023013830185,
0.07498478144407272,
-0.010640719905495644,
-0.07033079862594604,
0.03884094953536987,
0.005948896519839764,
0.028498483821749687,
0.1199650838971138,
-0.01225176639854908,
0.021951263770461082,
-0.062422484159469604,
-0.05324370786547661,
0.03547806665301323,
-0.047661472111940384,
-0.009205031208693981,
-0.025831520557403564,
-0.04466218501329422,
-0.0387999527156353,
0.01416540052741766,
-0.01327758003026247,
-0.013227672316133976,
-0.04244178161025047,
0.012054512277245522,
0.06854898482561111,
0.023378439247608185,
-0.013983876444399357,
0.03921027109026909,
0.048752132803201675,
-0.04348762705922127,
0.04893142729997635,
-0.019952351227402687,
-0.029729967936873436,
-0.014546690508723259,
-0.14056088030338287,
-0.07258893549442291,
0.000907976645976305,
-0.002095222007483244,
0.012050086632370949,
-0.0179050974547863,
0.0281837061047554,
0.031128209084272385,
0.07442287355661392,
-0.0341021791100502,
-0.01825162023305893,
0.1505414843559265,
0.09861277788877487,
-0.036408763378858566,
-0.05239040032029152
] | {
"pdf_file": "DGZ2C5RQO4EDW2XQHLWDCCJZUB6IQLCE.pdf",
"text": "Koj Muaj Kev Xaiv… \nCia Peb Pab \n \nTxawm yog koj xav paub seb yuav ua li \ncas koj thiaj nyob tau hauv koj lub tsev mus los yog tsiv tawm mus nyob rau ib lub tsev muaj neeg pab saib xyuas koj \nlos yog tsev laus, cov Aging and \nDisability Resource Centers* yuav nrog npaj cov kev pab rau koj kom koj nyob \nnyab xeeb thiab muaj kev kaj siab. \n \nQhov kom paub tias yuav nrhiav ib qhov \nchaw nyob zoo li cas thiab xyuas seb \npuas yuav them taus—mus hov ntev—\ntsis yog ib qho yooj yim. Nws yuav paub tsis tau hais tias qhov koj txiav txim siab \nntawd puas yog ib qhov zoo rau koj tus \nkheej los yog ib tus uas koj hlub tshua nws. \n \nTsis yog muaj koj ib leeg \nxwb , nws muaj kev pab . Sab Laj Muab Tswv Yim Ua Ntej \n \nLus Qhia Paub \nLub Resource Center cov neeg ua hauj \nlwm uas paub zoo txog tej vaj tse nyob thiab tej kev pab cuam yuav nrog nrhiav \ntej no kom tau rau koj raws li koj xav \ntau. Cov Resource Centers no yog cov counties ua tus saib xyuas, thiab nws tsis muaj feem txuam nrog lwm cov kev lag \nluam los yog lwm cov chaw muab kev \npab cuam. Yog li koj yeej meem tso siab tias koj tau txais cov lus zoo qhia pab koj \nxaiv tau qhov zoo tshaj rau koj. \nCov Neeg Paub Hauj Lwm \nCov neeg paub hauj lwm yuav xyeej sij \nhawm tuaj ntsib koj hauv koj tsev, hauv lub Resource Center, los yog lwm qhov chaw uas nws yooj yim rau koj thiab koj \ntsev neeg. \nKev Pab Pub Dawb \nKoj yuav tsis tau them nyiaj dab tsi rau \nqhov kev pab sab laj muab tswj yim ua ntej los yog lwm yam kev pab los ntawm lub Resource Center. \nUa Ntawv Thov Nyiaj Pab \nCov neeg xav tau kev pab \nthem cov kev pab tu mus ib \nlub sij hawm ntev yuav tau ua ntawv thov cov nyiaj \nuas muaj nyob hauv lub \nResource Center.\n \nYim Ntxov Paub Txog Medicaid \nYim Huab Zoo \n \nYog koj xav mus nyob hauv ib lub tsev \nlaus los yog ib lub tsev muaj kev pab \nsaib xyuas koj, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb yuav tau paub txog cov kev pab tu \nmus ib lub sij hawm ntev uas tsoom fwv \nyog tus them nyiaj. Thaum koj nyob rau qhov txiav txim siab xaiv qhov chaw nyob, yuav tau nug tias: \n \n Kuv cov nyiaj ntawm kuv ntiag tug \nyuav kav hov ntev? \n Puas muaj cov hau kev twg uas yuav \npab kuv txuag kuv cov nyiaj kom kav ntev? \n Yog (los yog thaum) kuv cov nyiaj tas \nlawm yuav muaj dab tsi tshwm sim? \n Puas muaj nyiaj dab tsi pab thiab \nyuav ua li cas kuv thiaj thov tau? \n Kuv puas tseem nyob tau hauv qhov \nchaw uas kuv xaiv yog kuv qhov chaw tau nyiaj los them ho pauv? \n \nNrhiav neeg pab; hu rau \n koj lub Resource \nCenter hnub no. \n*Nyob rau cov cheeb tsam uas tsis muaj ib \nlub Resource Center, lub Human Service Department hauv koj zos yog qhov chaw muab cov kev pab no. Qhov yuav mus cuag tau lawv li cas ntawd muab qhia nyob sab \nnraum qab ntawm daim ntawv no.\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n Bureau of Aging and Disability \nResources: Aging and Disability \nResource Centers \nXav Seb Yuav Mus Nyob \nHauv Ib Lub Tsev Muaj \nNeeg Pab Saib Xyuas Yus \nlos yog Tsev Laus? \nConsidering \nAssisted Living or a Nursing Home? \n \nQhov Koj Yuav Tsum Paub… What You Should Know… \n \n \n \n \n \n \nKev Sab Laj Ua Ntej thiab Koj Pre-Admission Consultation and You \n \n \n \nNug Koj Lub Aging \nand Disability Resource Center* \nHnub No: \n \n \nADRC of Buffalo, Clark & Pepin \nCounties \n407 S. Second Street \nAlma WI 54610-0517 \nXov Tooj: 608-685-6307 \nXov Tooj Hu Dawb: 866-578-2372 \n Sab Laj Muab Tswv Yim Ua Ntej \n \nLub Aging and Disability Resource \nCenter ntawm koj yuav pab koj sab laj muab tswv yim ua ntej. Muaj cov neeg \npaub hauj lwm zoo hauv lub Resource \nCenter yuav qhia kom koj paub thiab pab koj txog: \n Tas nrho cov kev pab cuam tu neeg \nmus ib lub sij hawm ntev uas muaj rau koj xaiv; \n Nrog muab cov nqi ntawm ntau qhov \nkev xaiv los sib piv los pab koj npaj rau koj lub nee yav tom ntej; \n Qhia tsoom fwv tej nyiaj txiag uas \nmuaj pab sawv daws thiab yuav ua li \ncas koj thiaj thov tau; \n Tej yam tseem ceeb uas koj yuav tau \nmuab coj los xav kom zoo thaum \nkom xaiv cov kev pab tu mus ib lub sij hawm ntev thiab tej txiaj ntsim kev pab uas koj yuav tau txais. \n \n \nKev sab laj ua ntej yuav \nmuab tau lub tswv yim pab \ntib neeg paub txog tej kev \ntxiav txim siab ua ntej lawv \nnqes tes rau. \n \n \n \n \n \n \nSTATE OF WISCONSIN \nDEPARTMENT OF HEALTH SERVICES \nDivision of Long Term Care \nP-00040H (04/2009) \ndhs.wisconsin.gov \n "
} |
[
-0.03000519424676895,
-0.021818390116095543,
-0.010122828185558319,
-0.0076543306931853294,
-0.0988483875989914,
0.005212804768234491,
-0.043243806809186935,
-0.05414323881268501,
-0.0012759716482833028,
0.032306984066963196,
-0.054535187780857086,
-0.03572969511151314,
0.03776145726442337,
0.062147028744220734,
0.023008225485682487,
0.03969157859683037,
-0.06428593397140503,
-0.060832466930150986,
-0.03023139014840126,
-0.012777567841112614,
0.02776322513818741,
0.03321581706404686,
-0.054600633680820465,
-0.06746738404035568,
-0.008710562251508236,
-0.026012755930423737,
0.053902581334114075,
0.039598848670721054,
-0.047838348895311356,
0.021989263594150543,
-0.022345801815390587,
0.06647524982690811,
0.014325332827866077,
-0.02001206763088703,
0.04619784653186798,
0.0271338801831007,
0.009550856426358223,
-0.018474534153938293,
0.018801042810082436,
-0.02854110673069954,
0.015944283455610275,
-0.09606970101594925,
0.000058083238400286064,
-0.028694473206996918,
-0.037513550370931625,
0.006380695849657059,
-0.06105755269527435,
-0.03770270571112633,
-0.059026021510362625,
-0.00867104809731245,
-0.03150659799575806,
-0.07571138441562653,
-0.027538426220417023,
0.021044079214334488,
0.036164291203022,
0.06541856378316879,
-0.0033056417014449835,
-0.027436140924692154,
-0.030780058354139328,
0.0028509425465017557,
-0.045696862041950226,
0.037360381335020065,
-0.06058108061552048,
0.062228888273239136,
0.07155079394578934,
0.020231684669852257,
-0.016577674075961113,
0.014869319275021553,
-0.031662680208683014,
-0.004252543207257986,
-0.029771992936730385,
-0.08020258694887161,
-0.05306591838598251,
-0.09160861372947693,
0.02130955457687378,
0.04261591285467148,
-0.04907058924436569,
0.07393106818199158,
0.06865037232637405,
-0.18914319574832916,
0.0014658782165497541,
0.04125264286994934,
-0.018567580729722977,
0.016382742673158646,
-0.0806688740849495,
-0.06466494500637054,
0.008272388018667698,
0.01660827361047268,
-0.021913310512900352,
0.04625992849469185,
0.027271859347820282,
-0.04793839156627655,
0.1351073831319809,
-0.0320025198161602,
-0.03920058161020279,
0.0653863474726677,
-0.04041675478219986,
-0.022368961945176125,
0.03156819939613342,
0.035055048763751984,
0.02530805580317974,
0.05275215208530426,
-0.0807565227150917,
-0.014329195953905582,
-0.12087725102901459,
0.04727960377931595,
-0.07666217535734177,
0.04231544956564903,
-0.014751450158655643,
0.03287496045231819,
-0.05347955599427223,
0.03044571727514267,
-0.05826980993151665,
-0.15774387121200562,
-0.025081336498260498,
0.03417084366083145,
-0.062225159257650375,
0.013244794681668282,
0.10491292923688889,
-0.03312811255455017,
-0.00019933511794079095,
-0.035497456789016724,
0.026540037244558334,
-0.08408436924219131,
0.010980179533362389,
-0.03476126119494438,
0.023141903802752495,
-1.717702728145782e-32,
-0.06564535945653915,
-0.028581716120243073,
-0.0518312081694603,
0.0014897477813065052,
0.021920599043369293,
0.03287620469927788,
-0.007774392608553171,
0.04151749238371849,
-0.025982804596424103,
-0.023843953385949135,
-0.03293059766292572,
0.10872498154640198,
0.025087112560868263,
-0.030802559107542038,
-0.02977200783789158,
-0.08412263542413712,
0.08736445754766464,
0.14841586351394653,
0.0027904792223125696,
0.01628943160176277,
0.017732864245772362,
-0.025808705016970634,
0.06421661376953125,
0.059990908950567245,
0.17619726061820984,
-0.021733585745096207,
-0.015034636482596397,
0.0702696368098259,
-0.009674576111137867,
-0.01756986416876316,
0.07937358319759369,
0.09949838370084763,
0.02796359546482563,
0.0045899092219769955,
0.015051933005452156,
0.04956025257706642,
-0.05518508702516556,
-0.054062530398368835,
-0.03838445246219635,
0.043332189321517944,
-0.08480019122362137,
-0.009518011473119259,
-0.04931279644370079,
0.008108365349471569,
0.009263127110898495,
0.021032681688666344,
0.030911637470126152,
-0.036587391048669815,
0.05594620853662491,
0.03679544851183891,
-0.028631038963794708,
0.0018253409070894122,
-0.03428991138935089,
-0.044414110481739044,
0.023810433223843575,
-0.037236206233501434,
0.009780094027519226,
-0.03535185754299164,
-0.0177107285708189,
0.014816156588494778,
0.010671214200556278,
-0.05376917123794556,
-0.05313379690051079,
0.014859626069664955,
0.014909523539245129,
0.006434887647628784,
-0.03142378851771355,
-0.014764157123863697,
0.032359905540943146,
-0.07275515794754028,
-0.02274155803024769,
0.0014039418892934918,
0.002201549243181944,
0.0013238688698038459,
-0.022196870297193527,
-0.009146544151008129,
-0.0031031803227961063,
0.07868615537881851,
-0.04965505376458168,
0.008434622548520565,
-0.05166520178318024,
0.05168440565466881,
0.02116561122238636,
-0.0016955133760347962,
-0.007123484741896391,
0.029477927833795547,
0.07474424690008163,
-0.017006367444992065,
-0.031058724969625473,
0.0891401544213295,
-0.043536387383937836,
-0.0032657566480338573,
0.003565208287909627,
0.13016638159751892,
0.10446269810199738,
7.702689015940066e-33,
0.0633382797241211,
0.008474607020616531,
-0.061003390699625015,
-0.06558826565742493,
0.05290102958679199,
0.014735674485564232,
0.018744533881545067,
-0.015687044709920883,
0.042559847235679626,
0.04980585724115372,
0.05263207480311394,
-0.026182150468230247,
0.039613787084817886,
-0.07707589119672775,
-0.05809113755822182,
-0.02941993623971939,
0.07291749119758606,
-0.05815013498067856,
-0.08246245235204697,
0.06492327898740768,
0.03577960655093193,
0.020058441907167435,
-0.0575309693813324,
0.0296886395663023,
0.03451964631676674,
0.018968865275382996,
0.0038336808793246746,
-0.0668678879737854,
-0.04792722687125206,
0.03961304947733879,
-0.10267720371484756,
-0.11486892402172089,
-0.0687435120344162,
0.017667796462774277,
-0.028274962678551674,
-0.07648696005344391,
0.011233065277338028,
-0.03038039803504944,
0.0012944279005751014,
0.046631887555122375,
0.05019979551434517,
0.022052248939871788,
-0.05220739543437958,
0.02001809887588024,
-0.04662850499153137,
-0.030797505751252174,
0.029068566858768463,
-0.015457747504115105,
-0.07630591094493866,
-0.040643662214279175,
0.013284465298056602,
0.014725930988788605,
-0.013683333992958069,
-0.07375117391347885,
0.04246741905808449,
0.06738758087158203,
0.05478867515921593,
-0.006881258450448513,
-0.031997039914131165,
-0.005673173815011978,
0.06444830447435379,
0.0753985121846199,
0.014350788667798042,
0.09145122021436691,
0.04846467822790146,
0.016178926452994347,
0.009493853896856308,
-0.028552792966365814,
-0.015489055775105953,
-0.01939261518418789,
-0.02119649015367031,
-0.07509413361549377,
-0.05743596702814102,
-0.03688584268093109,
0.09134943783283234,
-0.079310841858387,
-0.0746442899107933,
-0.10424531251192093,
-0.05903489515185356,
-0.004876710940152407,
-0.01560928300023079,
0.12471606582403183,
-0.04059780389070511,
0.038054466247558594,
0.03481046110391617,
-0.09002682566642761,
0.056635383516550064,
-0.0182277150452137,
0.061601001769304276,
0.055608153343200684,
-0.08359095454216003,
-0.10628711432218552,
-0.057551026344299316,
0.03797229006886482,
0.022731691598892212,
-4.2204984396221334e-8,
-0.005951802711933851,
-0.03177425637841225,
-0.01878255233168602,
-0.03337901830673218,
0.0698758065700531,
-0.08109549432992935,
0.013855676166713238,
0.008511867374181747,
-0.0217529758810997,
0.06355436146259308,
0.034375205636024475,
-0.014752543531358242,
-0.05785646289587021,
0.005371960811316967,
-0.02055712789297104,
-0.03713489696383476,
0.030991870909929276,
-0.023775218054652214,
-0.09179318696260452,
-0.03330235555768013,
-0.029499579221010208,
-0.025862334296107292,
-0.07622062414884567,
-0.015591608360409737,
0.07218476384878159,
-0.07360191643238068,
-0.034376949071884155,
0.0741177573800087,
0.0248628631234169,
0.02418583258986473,
-0.02391437254846096,
-0.014095664955675602,
-0.038295723497867584,
-0.0716455802321434,
0.023247133940458298,
0.04696037247776985,
-0.005427932366728783,
0.02046072855591774,
-0.016681542620062828,
-0.00855441763997078,
-0.046003036201000214,
0.004456063732504845,
0.06687004864215851,
0.09181337803602219,
0.0070067355409264565,
0.02095259353518486,
-0.1734500378370285,
0.009426669217646122,
-0.056809213012456894,
-0.13078905642032623,
-0.09535063058137894,
-0.005015219561755657,
0.028971049934625626,
0.02119520492851734,
0.0033252788707613945,
0.019227178767323494,
0.025942079722881317,
-0.01231453102082014,
0.007600691635161638,
-0.010849686339497566,
-0.010192359797656536,
0.005945241078734398,
0.021555641666054726,
-0.04043911024928093
] | {
"pdf_file": "7AOKCH7TMDCIAHWMUUSKUZBGPH3T5P5N.pdf",
"text": " Schedule 6.3 to the Comprehensive Infrastructure Agreement \nRelationship Management \n \n \n \n \n \nSCHEDULE 6.3 \nTO THE \nCOMPREHENSIVE INFRASTRUCTURE AGREEMENT \nRELATIONSHIP MANAGEMENT \n \n Schedule 6.3 to the Comprehensive Infrastructure Agreement \nRelationship Management \n \n \n Table of Contents \n1.0 Overview .............................................................................................1 \n2.0 Relationship Management ...................................................................1 \n2.1 Acknowledgment .............................................................................................................1 \n3.0 Relationship Management Requirements .............................................1 \n3.1 Day-to-Day Management .................................................................................................3 \n3.1.1 Executive Management ............................................................................................4 \n3.1.2 Relationship Management .........................................................................................4 \n3.1.3 Contract Management ..............................................................................................4 \n3.1.4 Financial Management .............................................................................................5 \n3.1.5 SWAM Management ................................................................................................5 \n3.1.6 Performance Management ........................................................................................6 \n3.1.7 Transition Management ............................................................................................6 \n3.1.8 Technical Architecture Management ..........................................................................7 \n3.1.9 Service Delivery Management ...................................................................................8 \n3.1.10 Public Relations/Communication/Or ganizational Change Management .........................8 \n3.1.11 Human Resources Management .................................................................................8 \n3.1.12 Business and Economic Development Management ....................................................9 \n3.1.13 Governance Structure .............................................................................................10 \n3.2 Governance Processes ....................................................................................................13 \n3.2.1 Co-management Organization Model .......................................................................13 \n3.2.2 Dispute Resolution .................................................................................................15 \n3.3 VITA and Vendor Responsibilities ..................................................................................15 \n3.3.1 General Responsibilities .........................................................................................15 \n3.3.2 Key Vendor Resources ...........................................................................................15 \n3.3.3 Roles and Responsibilities Table .............................................................................16 \n3.4 Key Personnel Incentives ................................................................................................17 \n \nList of Tables \nTable 1. Approach to Relationship Management .........................................................................2 \nTable 2. Benefits Realization Program .....................................................................................11 \nTable 3. Co-management Organization Model ..........................................................................14 \nTable 4. Relationship Management Roles and Responsibilities ...................................................16 \n \n P AGE i \n \n Schedule 6.3 to the Comprehensive Infrastructure Agreement \nRelationship Management \n \n \n \n \n Schedule 6.3 to the Comprehensive Infrastructure Agreement \nRelationship Management \n \n 1.0 Overview \nThis is Schedule 6.3 (Relationship Management) to the Comprehensive Infrastructure \nAgreement between the Commonwealth and Vendor (the “Agreement”). Unless otherwise expressly defined herein, the capitalized term s used herein shall have the meaning assigned to \nthem in the Agreement. \n2.0 Relationship Management \n2.1 Acknowledgment \nThe Parties recognize that relationship management is an essential component for successful contract management and ongoing Commonwealth - Vendor relationship satisfaction. The Commonwealth requires a relationship with Vendor based on the following key ingredients: \n High value for the Commonwealth \n Mutual trust and respect \n Excellent communication between both Parties \n Well-defined Service Levels \n Appropriate governance structures \n Mutually beneficial contract \n Well-defined roles and responsibilities \n3.0 Relationship Management Requirements \nThe Vendor team will work with the Commonwealth team to achieve the following: \na. Ensure delivery of high-quality IT services to support the Commonwealth business \nneeds; \nb. Ensure continued high customer satisfaction from all operational users of these \nservices; \nc. Provide the earliest possible notification of potential service disruption or \ndegradation, and recommend procedures to minimize the impact on the \nCommonwealth; \nd. Continuously recommend improvements to the functionality, creation and delivery \nof the Services—to the extent that t he Commonwealth business objectives would \nbe better served; \ne. Develop the business rationale and benefits of any proposed changes and \ncommunicate these to the VITA team and other Commonwealth stakeholders, as \nappropriate; \nf. Solicit VITA’s approval and proceed only after complete informed approval is \nobtained; \ng. Work within the mutually-agreed upon structure regarding processes, procedures \nand the Commonwealth end user contact, particularly on new initiatives or services; \nh. Assist the Commonwealth in its planning activities as requested; and \n P AGE 1 \n Schedule 6.3 to the Comprehensive Infrastructure Agreement \nRelationship Management \n \n i. Ensure sufficient and continued communication. \nVendor’s proposed approach to achieving the above objectives is addressed in the table below: \nTable 1. Approach to Relationship Management \nVITA RELATIONSHIP \nMANAGEMENT REQUIREMENTS VENDOR APPROACH \nEnsure delivery of high-quality \nservices to support the Commonwealth’ business needs h Provide a leadership team that ha s achieved operational excellence and \ntransformational results \nh Provide and continually optimize Informat ion Technology Infrastructure Library \n(ITIL)/Information Technology Service Management (ITSM)-based service management \nand service delivery processes that will ensur e the highest quality services, as well as \nrequirements traceability through all phases of service development, implementation and sustaining operations \nh Facilitate annual independent market-based cost comparison of services and \nperformance requirements \nEnsure continued high customer \nsatisfaction from all operational users \nof these services h Support regular customer satisfaction measurement within VITA’s end-user populations \nh Support more frequent reviews during transition and initial transformation, with formal \nsurveys every 6 months over the first 2 years \nProvide the earliest possible notifica-\ntion of potential service disruption or \ndegradation, and recommend proce-\ndures to minimize the impact on the \nCommonwealth h Provide a Web portal dashboard facility that will provide immediate access to the most \ncurrent performance, status and service av ailability information across the program \nContinuously recommend \nimprovements to the functionality, \ncreation, and delivery of the \nservices–to the extent that the \nCommonwealth business objectives \nwould be better served h Provide dedicated architects for the program, based in Richmond, to provide proactive \nsupport for the planning of new services across the Commonwealth \nh Develop a Technology Advisory Panel, c onsisting of Northrop Grumman and Hewlett-\nPackard (HP) Chief Information Officers (C IOs)/Chief Technology Officers (CTOs), and \nindustry analysts (e.g., Gartner, Meta), to help ensure a current industry viewpoint to all \narchitectural development activities \nh Establish a lab environment, based in VITA ’s Headquarters/Data Center facility, to \nevaluate, test and pilot new technologies ac ross all program servic es areas, consistent \nwith the pace of industry advancements. \nh Leverage our extensive corporate lab resources, and those of our partners, to bring the \ngreatest value to the Commonwealth \nh Focus on requirements management using ITIL/ITSM to ensure a structured approach \nto the identification and pursuit of impr ovement initiatives for the Commonwealth \nh Ensure flexibility to support all original equipment manufacturer (OEM) solutions where \npossible, maximizing supplier neutrality, as a key guideline in evaluating and designing \nalternatives \nDevelop the business rationale and \nbenefits of any proposed changes, \nand communicate these to the VITA \nteam and other Commonwealth \nstakeholders, as appropriate h Participate proactively in each of the governance committees to evaluate program \nrequirements and projects \nh Provide necessary staff and resources, both from within the program and from within \nthe Northrop Grumman Team, to establish an appropriate business case for each IT \ninitiative \nh Active participation by senior staff and subj ect matter experts in Benefits Realization \nProgram to increase service value, ident ify opportunities for cost improvement and \ninnovation \nh Establish a small-business liaison office to promote and maximize small, women-owned \nand minority (SWAM) businesses in our solu tions, both initially as well as through \ntransformation \nh Continually enhance the SWAM program along similar lines to the Northrop Grumman \nDoD Mentor-Protégé program \nSolicit VITA’s approval and proceed \nonly after complete informed \napproval is obtained h Fully support the 6 governance committees as specified in the bid package \nWork within the mutually-agreed \nupon structure regarding processes, \nprocedures, and the Commonwealth \nend-user contact, particularly on new \ninitiatives or services h The Northrop Grumman Team will pr ovide robust organizational change management \nto support and manage the deployment of new initiatives and services within the \nCommonwealth. Our experiences, not only on other similar programs, but also within \nNorthrop Grumman and our partner companies, will benefit VITA as we work together to \ndevelop and deploy transformation activities. \n P AGE 2 \n Schedule 6.3 to the Comprehensive Infrastructure Agreement \nRelationship Management \n \n VITA RELATIONSHIP VENDOR APPROACH MANAGEMENT REQUIREMENTS \nAssist the Commonwealth in its \nplanning activities as requested h Provide dedicated architects for the program, based in Richmond, to provide proactive \nsupport for the planning of new services across the Commonwealth \nEnsure sufficient and continued \ncommunications h Provide robust communications support, not only within the program, but also to VITA, \nthe agencies, the end users, and the citizens of the Commonwealth \nh Work with VITA to provide constant and meaningful communications to our customer \nbase on new service offerings, resolvi ng problems and for customer feedback \nh Continue proactive relationship with VITA in developing communications initiatives \n3.1 Day-to-Day Management \nMutually acceptable, formal procedural, reporting and communication processes and structures \nwill be established in order to manage the delivery of the Services in an efficient and effective \nmanner. Such processes and structures will be documented and maintained by Vendor as part \nof the Procedures Manual, as approved by VITA, and modified and updated on an ongoing basis to reflect changes to the business and operational relationship. \n \nVendor and VITA will agree upon additional points of contact and a reporting structure covering \nday-to-day operations and reviews of Vendor’s performance. These may include technical, \nfinancial, and Service Level reviews as well as the resolution of any other issues that may arise. These reporting schedules will be documented and maintained by Vendor as part of the Procedures Manual and in an online repository accessible to VITA’s management team. A regular meeting schedule will be required for the different reporting levels established, with \nongoing 24-hour access to all of VITA’s Vendor points of contact when required. Vendor must \nprovide processes and procedures acceptable to VITA and consistent with the terms of the Agreement that can be used to manage the day-to-day relationship process and shall at minimum include: \n \na. Change Control Management Procedures (for example, system technical \nchanges); \nb. Dispute Resolution Process; \nc. Contract/Pricing Administration Management and Change Procedures; \nd. System Monitoring and Event Reporting Procedures; \ne. Service-Level and Performance Reporting Procedures; \nf. Service Requests and Work Orders Procedures; \ng. Reporting mechanism with up-to-date status of all ongoing projects and \noutstanding Service Requests; \nh. System Workload Performance and Trending Analysis Procedures; \ni. Problem Escalation Procedures; \nj. Security Management and Reporting Procedures; \nk. IT Service Continuity and Disaster Recovery Planning Procedures; \nl. Emergency Management Procedures; and \nm. Commonwealth Policy and Procedures. \n \nBoth Parties shall establish relationship management teams to perform the primary business \nmanagement support functions that include, at a minimum, the roles and responsibilities that \nfollow. \n P AGE 3 \n Schedule 6.3 to the Comprehensive Infrastructure Agreement \nRelationship Management \n \n 3.1.1 Executive Management \nRelationship Executive is the senior member of a Party’s Relationship Management leadership \nteam who has high level oversight of the Agreement and relationship to provide direction and enable implementation of the strategic vision of the Commonwealth through development of the appropriate portfolio of IT Services and related competencies and skills and enable the management of strategic relationships and partnerships. The Relationship Executive shall: \na. Have significant organizational influence in his or her respective entity to \nadequately bring any needed priority, resources, or decision-making authority necessary to ensure the correct level of support to the relationship; \nb. Develop and articulate a Service delivery strategy that supports the \nCommonwealth’s business strategies; \nc. Select and approve the business case(s) for recommended IT Service delivery \ninitiatives; \nd. Govern his or her respective Party’s IT services initiatives; \ne. Provide guidance and governance across his or her respective Party’s portfolio of \nservices delivery relationships; and \nf. Act as the executive-level liaison with strategic business partners and customers. \n3.1.2 Relationship Management \nThe Relationship Manager (“RM”) is the primary interface between the Parties. The RM shall: \na. Be responsible for contract management, financial management and quality \nassurance; \nb. Coordinate communications between the Parties; \nc. Set directions and priorities of the respective Party; \nd. Monitor the contract; \ne. Manage day-to-day interactions based on the identified requirements; \nf. Ensure understanding of and agreement to Service Levels; \ng. Implement required changes to Services and Service Levels; \nh. With respect to the Commonwealth, through the Performance Management \nfunction, review and monitor Vendor performance against Service Levels, project plans and performance improvement plans; \ni. Monitor and amend Agreement, including the reviewing of proposed contract \namendments; \nj. Resolve Incidents and Problems; \nk. Oversee the implementation of financial policies and procedures related to the \nServices; \nl. Coordinate the operational governance processes between the Commonwealth \nand Vendor; \nm. Be responsible for building effective relationships between the Parties; and \nn. Keep other Party informed and identify and communicate opportunities to leverage \nthe Services more effectively. \n3.1.3 Contract Management \nThe Contract Manager manages the contractual relationship between the Parties in support of the respective RM. The Contract Manager shall: \n \na. Serve as the contract liaison between the Parties; \nb. Lead activities from Agreement signing through Vendor transition and ongoing \noperations; \n P AGE 4 \n Schedule 6.3 to the Comprehensive Infrastructure Agreement \nRelationship Management \n \n c. Monitor the other Party to ensure compliance with Agreement terms and \nconditions and make recommendations to resolve issues related to non-\ncompliance; \nd. Identify and manage Performance Credits, based on performance information and \nAgreement terms; \ne. Create, negotiate and incorporate amendments into the Agreement when \nnecessary; and \nf. Coordinate the Agreement negotiations/renegotiations to accommodate scope \nchanges or changes to business requirements. \n3.1.4 Financial Management \nThe Financial Manager serves as financial liaison between the parties and serves as the \nprimary contact for all billing and financial issues. The Financial Manager shall: \n \na. Monitor and manage financial administration practices and procedures associated \nwith the Agreement; \nb. Ensure that financial controls are in place and aligned with the Agreement; \nc. Monitor Agreement budget performance, identify variances and recommend \ncorrective action; \nd. Review Agreement charges and Performance Credits; \ne. Match invoices to expenses; \nf. Identify financial disparities and resolve basic financial issues with the other Party; \ng. Prepare or process invoices for payment; \nh. With respect to the Commonwealth, allocate costs across the Commonwealth \nenterprise in line with VITA’s chargeback policy and the Agreement; \ni. With respect to the Commonwealth, respond to basic questions and concerns from \nthe Commonwealth End-User community and resolves any financial issues with \nsuch End-Users; \nj. Audit charges to ensure Agreement compliance; \nk. Report and reconcile any deviations between the charges and the Agreement. \n3.1.5 SWAM Management \nThe SWAM Liaison will be responsible for managing Vendor’s program to make sure SWAMs \nare considered fairly as subcontractors and suppliers under the Agreement. The SWAM Liaison will: \na. Coordinate and align Vendor’s SWAM program with the SWAM efforts of the \nCommonwealth and VITA \nb. Interface with and administer subcontracting opportunities for SWAMs \nc. Counsel and discuss subcontracting opportunities with representatives of \nSWAMs \nd. Assist SWAMs by arranging contracting opportunities, quantities, specifications, \nand delivery schedules so as to facilitate SWAM participation \ne. Work with the Relationship Manager to make sure consideration of SWAMs \nevolves \nf. Maintain records showing: procedures adopted by Vendor to comply with the \npolicy and procedures set forth in the Agreement, including the establishment of \na source list of SWAMs for this Agreement; awards to SWAMs on the source list; \nand specific efforts to identify and award contracts to SWAMs \n P AGE 5 \n Schedule 6.3 to the Comprehensive Infrastructure Agreement \nRelationship Management \n \n 3.1.6 Performance Management \nThe Performance Managers take overall responsib ility for ensuring Vendor performance meets \nthe Commonwealth business requirements. Performance Managers shall: \n \na. Work with the local Eligible Customer(s) to assess Vendor performance against \nstandards set in the Service Levels and recommend continuation, improvement or \nProblem resolution to ensure that business requirements are met; \nb. With respect to the Commonwealth, through the Commonwealth Technical \nSpecialists in major locations, lead the measurement process by which Service \nLevel compliance is assessed; \nc. Review and monitor performance and facilitate the development of improvement \nplans; \nd. Conduct exploratory activities with the other Party to determine how to raise \nperformance levels; \ne. With respect to Vendor, recommend changes in Service Levels where appropriate \nto ensure that such Service Levels properly reflect business needs, while \nbalancing costs; \nf. Work with the other Party to resolve Problems and take corrective action; \ng. Provide input to the governance process; \nh. Provide enterprise advice and counsel to such Party’s Relationship Manager; \ni. Coordinate with the other Party’s Performance Managers to ensure that Vendor’s \nin-scope technical solutions are consistent with the Commonwealth’s business strategy and architecture; \nj. With respect to the Commonwealth, work with Eligible Customer personnel and \nVendor to review Problem analyses, validate the accuracy of information and \ndetermine the feasibility of solution options; \nk. Troubleshoot performance issues and resolve problems with the other Party based \non understanding Commonwealth applications, architectures and business processes; \nl. Track industry trends and maintain knowledge of new technologies in their area of \nexpertise to better evaluate Service Requests and Vendor proposals; \nm. Keep current on the participating business strategies; \nn. With respect to Vendor, advise whether solutions can be leveraged across the \nCommonwealth; \no. Understand the value of technology in the Commonwealth’s business processes; \np. Work with the other Party’s Performance Managers to identify opportunities for \ninnovation, cost reduction and improved efficiencies; \nq. With respect to the Commonwealth, provide input into the in-scope technical \narchitecture and review Vendor solutions. \n3.1.7 Transition Management \nThe Transition Manager is the senior member of Vendor’s transition leadership, and shall have \nhigh-level oversight of transition-related matters to provide direction and enable implementation of the strategic vision of the Commonwealth. The Transition Manager will: \na. Have significant organizational influenc e adequate to bring any needed priority, \nresources or decision-making authority necessary to provide the correct level of support to the transition \n P AGE 6 \n Schedule 6.3 to the Comprehensive Infrastructure Agreement \nRelationship Management \n \n b. Review current management system of planning, authorizing, directing, leading \nand reporting on service delivery and modify as necessary for effectiveness and Vendor compliance \nc. Establish communication interfaces with all stakeholders \nd. Meet with VITA employees to engage in dialogue and allay/minimize any anxiety \nregarding Vendor and transfer of staff to Vendor \ne. Implement Vendor’s transition strategy to support the Commonwealth’s business \nstrategies \nf. Provide guidance and governance across the Vendor’s transition services \ng. Operate to have activation/transition activities carried out on schedule, within \nbudget, with little or no impact on Commonwealth end users, and in accordance \nwith contractual requirements \nh. Conduct daily status reviews of accomp lishments versus the approved transition \nplan and encourage participation by VITA \ni. Report to VITA-designated point-of-contact for Transition regarding status of all transition activities \nj. Identify any additional requirements to the Relationship Managers of both VITA and Vendor \nk. Document any lessons-learned, upon completion of the transition, and share with both VITA leadership and Vendor \n3.1.8 Technical Architecture Management \nThe Chief Architect will provide technical infrastr ucture leadership across VITA with emphasis \non increased efficiency, reliability and automation. The Chief Architect’s duties shall include, but are not limited to the following: \na. Architect solutions to resolve issues and improve customer efficiencies while \nmaintaining common systems configuration standards, processes and tools \nb. Maintain knowledge of relevant te chnology developments and seek opportunities \nto deploy new technologies to the benefit of VITA and its Eligible Customers \nc. Conduct presentations to VITA’s Eligible Customers to educate or obtain \napprovals on design concepts and technology recommendations \nd. Recommend tools and processes in direct support of VITA’s Eligible Customers \ne. Participate in design, integration/implementation, transition and steady state \nactivities, as required \nf. Recommend and lead various IT information security initiatives to maintain and \nimprove overall security of the environment \ng. Collaborate with project teams in drafting technical standards, business plans, \ncost models, operational plans and support plans \nh. Collaborate with project team leads in the selection, recommendation and \napproval of tools and technologies to impr ove efficiencies and increase customer \nsatisfaction \n P AGE 7 \n Schedule 6.3 to the Comprehensive Infrastructure Agreement \nRelationship Management \n \n 3.1.9 Service Delivery Management \nThe primary role of the Service Delivery Manage r(s) is to take ownership of the day-to-day \noperational relationships to ensure the deliver y of the Services to meet the business \nrequirements of the Commonwealth and its Eligible Customers. The Service Delivery \nManager(s) responsibilities include, but are not limited to, the following: \na. Manage and coordinate the appropriate Commonwealth and Vendor resources \nacross all information technology Servic es, including resources and Services \nprovided by the Vendor, to ensure optimal Service delivery and ensure that all issues raised are resolved in accordance with the applicable Service Levels; \nb. Coordinate with the Performance Manager(s) to ensure the ongoing delivery of \nsupport and attainment of Service Levels for the Commonwealth and its Eligible Customers. In addition, monitor business volumes to ensure Service Level reporting accuracy; \nc. Implement and co-ordinate the management reporting processes for committed \nService Levels; \nd. Resolve disputes between the Eligible Customers and the Vendor where \nappropriate, and take escalation actions as necessary; \ne. Review Root Cause Analyses, Incident, and Problem reports, establish the \ncorrective actions to be taken, and oversee tracking of correction actions to completion; and \nf. Provide operations support assistance to aid in successfully achieving the \nobjectives set in the SOWs and the Agreement. \n3.1.10 Public Relations/Communication /Organizational Change Management \nThe Public Relations/Communication/Organizational Change Manager will be responsible for the communication of the change process, working in conjunction with VITA, and for ensuring the effective development and implementati on of Organizational Change Management and \nCommunications activities for the VITA Infrastructure PPEA. The Public \nRelations/Communication/Organizational Change Manager’s responsibilities shall include, but \nare not limited to, the following: \na. Assess change requirements; \nb. Develop and execute against a comprehensive change management strategy; \nc. Develop and execute against a comprehensive communications strategy; \nd. Establish performance management approach and measures to include the \ndevelopment of a change readiness, awareness and adoption measurement strategy and identification of appropriate data sources and collection mechanisms; \ne. Support human resources assessing empl oyee skill sets to optimize resource \nallocation and develop motivators to employees to remain open to the opportunities afforded them through the infrastructure PPEA; \nf. Support the development of the VITA brand; \ng. Support development and implementation of the VITA marketing strategy; \nh. Provide input to the governance process; and \ni. Provide input to the business strategies. \n3.1.11 Human Resources Management \n P AGE 8 \n Schedule 6.3 to the Comprehensive Infrastructure Agreement \nRelationship Management \n \n The Human Resources Manager will be responsible for the transition of the New Vendor \nEmployees. The Human Resources Manager will work closely with the VITA Human Resources department over the life of the Agreement. The Human Resources Manager will administer \nHuman Resources functions for New Vendor Employees and Vendor Employees including: employment, employee and labor relations, equal employment opportunities (EEO) and \nAffirmative Action, compensation, benefits, safety and health, training and development. The Human Resources Manager will: \na. Perform statistical analyses, develop policies and procedures, personnel \nforecasting, personnel records maintenance, develop metrics, and perform other related duties, as assigned; \nb. Act as a liaison between specialists and line managers and provide advice and \ncounsel on Human Resources related activity to employees at all levels; \nc. Comply with application of principles, concepts, practices and standards; \nd. Develop solutions to a variety of complex Human Resources and Human \nResources-related problems; and \ne. Interact with senior internal and external personnel on significant matters often \nrequiring coordination between organizations. \n3.1.12 Business and Economic Development Management \nThe Business and Economic Development Manager identifies, evaluates and actively pursues opportunities for business and community devel opment and for expansion of VITA’s services. \nThe Business and Economic Development Manager’s duties shall include, but are not limited to the following: \na. Identify and develop opportunities for VITA business expansion and function as \nliaison between VITA and potential customers; \nb. Develop marketing strategies for VITA business growth and provide input into long \nrange business plans; \nc. Coordinate with the Relationship Manager to determine the requirements and \nregional marketing allocation of appropriate tactical funds; \nd. Participate in the central development and implementation of proposed sales \nmaterials, sales rationale, and new services, re-launches, and new-business-building-programs, including promotional funding issues that affect profit and loss; \ne. Promote the growth of the Commonwealth’s small businesses, particularly \nSWAMs; \nf. Coordinate and collaborate with other local, regional and state economic and \nworkforce development programs; \ng. Support the creation of outreach programs to high schools, colleges and \nuniversities to target workforce education and training; \nh. Develop and implement a comprehensive economic development plan in \ncollaboration with other local, regional and state initiatives that will build on the successes of previous economic development efforts, leverage the strengths of all stakeholders and benefit from the numerous public and private resources that are available; \n P AGE 9 \n Schedule 6.3 to the Comprehensive Infrastructure Agreement \nRelationship Management \n \n i. Support new construction and the establishment of the new technology centers \nwithin the Commonwealth; \nj. Support the creation of new high-tech non-VITA jobs within the Commonwealth; \nk. Work with small businesses, SWAMs, colleges and research centers from a \nmentor-protégé perspective to help them qualify for Northrop Grumman Foundation \ngrants and federal dollars from Small Business Innovative Research (SBIR) and \nother grant opportunities; \nl. Provide a long-term, measurable direction that will support the various economic \ndevelopment initiatives that are underway across the Commonwealth, including the Secretary of Technology’s initiatives; and \nm. Provide leadership in the drive to increase federal research and development \ndollars to the Commonwealth. \n3.1.13 Governance Structure \nVendor shall participate in a joint governance process with the Commonwealth. The structure will include the following committees and teams: \n3.1.13.1 Strategy Committee \nThe Strategy Committee is a joint committee composed of the Commonwealth Relationship \nExecutive, the Commonwealth Relationship Manager, any other members of VITA IT leadership \nteam, Vendor’s Relationship Manager and the Vendor Relationship Executive. The Strategy Committee has responsibility for maintaining overall alignment between the Commonwealth’s sourcing relationship and business strategy, making changes as required. It will oversee the overall business and technology relationship be tween the Parties. The Strategy Committee \nResolves any Problems that cannot be resolved by the Operations Committee. The Strategy \nCommittee will meet monthly (or more or le ss frequently as required by VITA) and will be \nchaired by the Commonwealth Relationship Executive or his/her designee. \n3.1.13.2 Operations Committee \nThe Operations Committee is composed of the Commonwealth’s Relationship Manager, the \nCommonwealth’s Performance Managers for each Tower, the Vendor’s Relationship Manager and the Vendor Service Delivery Managers for each of the Towers. The Operations Committee \nis responsible for driving continual improvement of processes and performance. It reviews \nperformance, identifies gaps, reviews Root C ause Analyses and implements solutions. It \naddresses any Problems that cannot be resolved at the Performance Manager level. The Operations Committee serves as a communicati on forum and is responsible for any changes to \noperating procedures or contract modifications. It will meet monthly (more frequent during \nimplementation), or as needed, and will be c haired by the Commonwealth’s Relationship \nManager or his/her designee. \n3.1.13.3 Business Development Committee \nThe Business Development Committee is composed of representatives from VITA related to \nbusiness development, Eligible Customer relationship management, and Performance \nManagers for each Tower, and the Vendor’s business development, marketing and Delivery Managers for each of the Towers. The committee is responsible for assessing and capitalizing \non market opportunities. It reviews market opportunities and performance, makes \n P AGE 10 \n Schedule 6.3 to the Comprehensive Infrastructure Agreement \nRelationship Management \n \n recommendations for growth, assesses market risk, and develops pricing. It meets monthly, or \nas required by VITA, and is chaired by VITA’s designated Business Development Manager. \n3.1.13.4 Communications and Ch ange Management Committee \nThe Communication and Change Management Committee supports VITA’s Strategic Sourcing Initiative. It identifies the steps required to ensure stakeholders are informed and educated about VITA’s approach towards identifying, and transitioning the organization to a new structure \nand operating model. Effective communication strategi es and plans help build relationships of \ntrust, manage expectations, encourage commitment, and minimize resistance to change. The \nVITA Communication and Change Management Strategy and Plan is an ongoing process and is expected to change based on organizational needs and the effectiveness of communication and \nchange management activities and requirements. \n3.1.13.5 Technology Committee \nThe Technology Committee is composed of the VITA Director of Strategic Management Services, VITA Performance Managers and selected VITA IT technical staff, as well as Vendor Delivery Managers and Vendor technical experts. The Technology Committee ensures that Vendor architecture and standards respond to the Commonwealth business requirements. They review and recommend new technologies that can provide additional competitive value \nand propose changes to standards. The committee will meet monthly, or more or less \nfrequently as required by VITA, and will be chai red by the VITA Director of Strategic \nManagement Services. \n3.1.13.6 Benefits Realization Team \nA As part of its responsibilities to optimize the efficiency and cost-effectiveness of its provision of the Services, the Vendor shall commit to and actively support the Benefits Realization (BR) Program to identify, measure, and increase the benefits accruing to the Commonwealth and the \nVendor, associated with the Services, without adversely affecting the Service Levels and \nwithout increase in overall cost to the Commonwealth. As a result of the Agreement, benefits \nsuch as service enhancement, cost reduction, and improved staff opportunities and service delivery are expected. In addition, the Agreement will also contribute to the economic development of the Commonwealth of Virginia. These benefits will not only be achieved \nthrough the implementation of the Agreement, but also through the identification and \nimplementation of new initiatives. \nThe BR team is a joint team composed of dedicated VITA and Vendor Staff. The BR team has \nresponsibility for establishing the processes to quantify, measure, track, and document all such \nbenefits realized through the Agreement. In addition, the team has responsibility for enhancing and increasing the benefits associated with the Agreement through the identification of cost improvement opportunities, value enhancement, and innovation. \n \nStaff dedicated to this program will include subject matter experts and senior level personnel with decision making authority sufficient to participate in collaborative programs and identify mutual business enhancement opportunities. To help ensure effective development and creation of the necessary team skills and knowledge, the Vendor acknowledges that this BR Program will require a significant commitment to joint training of the Vendor and VITA team \nmembers in a collaborative work team. \n \nTable 2. Benefits Realization Program \n P AGE 11 \n Schedule 6.3 to the Comprehensive Infrastructure Agreement \nRelationship Management \n \n Benefits Realization Program Roles and Responsibilities Vendor VITA \n1. Ensure support and commitment of VITA executives to the BR Program X \n2. Ensure full support and commitment of Vendor executives to the BR Program X \n3. Provide dedicated VITA staffing to develop and implement the BR Program X \n4. Provide dedicated Vendor staffing to develop and implement the BR Program X \n5. Provide VITA staffing and skill levels th at are appropriate to achieve the BR \nProgram objectives X \n6. Provide Vendor staffing and skill levels that are appropriate to achieve the BR \nProgram objectives X \n7. Review and approve cost reduction, value enhancement, and/or innovation \ninitiatives developed by BR team in support of the Program’s objectives X \n8. Proactively evaluate, identify and recommend cost reduction, value \nenhancement, and innovation initiatives in support of the BR Program’s \nobjectives with the cooperation and support of VITA X \n9. Develop an Improvement Plan and definition of benefits, savings, and/or \nvalue success using the selected metrics to implement the approved initiatives. This plan includes the tasks, resources, and associated \ninvestment (if any), for the initiative and establishes goals to be met to reach \nthe metric values X \n10. Approve and support implement ation of the Improvement Plan X \n11. Subject to VITA’s approval, proceed with timely implementation of \nImprovement plan X \n12. Metric Selection – Select and devel op metrics to measure the success of \ninitiative and the BR Program X \n13. Metric Review – Review and provid e feedback on the metrics to measure the \nsuccess of initiative and the BR Program X \n14. Metric Approval – Parties to mut ually approve metrics to measure the \nsuccess of initiative and the BR Program (such approval not to be \nunreasonably withheld) X X \n15. Determine the initial values for the selected success metrics to establish and \ndocument a clear baseline of the current state X \n16. Review and provide feedback on the initial values for the selected success \nmetrics to establish and document a clear baseline of the current state X \n17. Parties to mutually approve the initial values for the selected success metrics \n(such approval not to be unreasonably withheld) X X \n18. Identify requirements and reports to support the tracking of Commonwealth \nbenefits, savings, and/or value X \n19. Develop and implement process to track benefits, savings, and/or value X \n20. Support development and implement process to track benefits, savings, \nand/or value X \n21. Review and approve process and report s by which benefits, savings, and/or \nvalue will be tracked X \n22. Manage process to track savings and provide management reports on \nbenefits, savings, and/or value X \n P AGE 12 \n Schedule 6.3 to the Comprehensive Infrastructure Agreement \nRelationship Management \n \n Benefits Realization Program Roles and Responsibilities Vendor VITA \n23. Participate in review meetings, as ne eded, with the Strategy, Operations, and \nTechnology committees X \n24. Participate in review meetings, as ne eded, with the Strategy, Operations, and \nTechnology committees X \n3.2 Governance Processes \nBelow are the types of governance processes VITA and the Vendor will employ to co-manage \nthe relationship. Key co-management processes include: \n Planning \n Contract Management \n Change Management \n Business Development Management \n HR Management \n Relationship Management \n Financial Management \n Service Level & Performance Management \n Resource Management \n Technology Management \n Integration Management \n Customer Satisfaction Management \n \nVITA and Vendor will assign key responsibilities required to appropriately co-manage these \nprocesses to satisfy the service requirements of the Commonwealth. \n3.2.1 Co-management Organization Model \nThe Parties will utilize the following organizational model to co-manage the relationship. \n \nThe column headings in the table below indicate the categories of activities and responsibilities the governance mechanisms will be responsible for and oversee. The meanings of the column headings are as follows: \n Vision & Alignment – Vision is the overall goals and objectives of VITA within the \nCommonwealth of Virginia – Alignment is the common understanding, purpose and \nobjectives of the Parties as it relates to the Agreement \n Relationship & Contract – Relationship is the overall working style, intent and \ndemeanor of the personnel of the Parties to the Agreement \n Service Levels and Pricing – Have the meaning given them in the Glossary \nattached to the Agreement \n Customer Satisfaction – The relative measure of VITA’s satisfaction, as well as the \nEnd-User organizations and individuals within the Eligible Customer(s) of the \nCommonwealth, with the overall performance of the Vendor \n P AGE 13 \n Schedule 6.3 to the Comprehensive Infrastructure Agreement \nRelationship Management \n \n Vendor Involvement – Vendor Involvement refers to Vendor personnel accepting \nroles within the governance structure that will require their time, personal and \norganizational ownership of tasks and decision making on behalf of the Vendor, including providing an individual where i ndicated who can meet the requirements \nof Involvement above. \nTable 3. Co-management Organization Model \nGovernance \nMechanism Vision & Alignment Relationship & \nContract Service Levels \nand Pricing Customer \nSatisfactionVendor \nInvolvement\nStrategy \nCommittee • \n• \n• Provides deal context \nCommunicates Changes\nFormulated Strategy and \nPolicy Resolves \nDisputes Member \nOperations \nCommittee • \n• Executes deal strategy \nPrioritizes initiatives Resolves Disputes\n Review Monthly Review Annually Member \nBusiness Development \nCommittee • \n• Assesses Market \nOpportunities \nDevelops business plansDevelop and \nimplement \nexisting and new Service and \npricing\n Review Monthly Review Annually Member \nCommunications \nand Change Management \nCommittee • \n• \n• \n• Identifies stakeholders \nIdentifies cultural issues \nand needs of \nstakeholders \nEstablishes \nCommunications and Change Management Plan and Objectives \nAddresses \nCulture/Stakeholders Develop and implement policies and \nprocedures for \neffective and efficient \nCommunications \nand Change \nManagement \npractice\n Review Monthly Review Annually Member \nTechnology Committee • \n• Standards \n• Integration Architectural Direction Member \nRelationship Mgr Ensures Overall \nRelationship alignment Owns Vendor relationship\n Oversees pricing and \nService Levels\n • \n• Ensures \ncustomer \nsatisfaction \nCoordinates \nsatisfaction surveys Client Relationship \nMgr \nContract Mgr Ensures Contract \nalignment Monitors contract \ncompliance Coordinates \npricing \nbenchmarks Client \nContract Mgr \nFinancial Mgr Ensures Financial \nalignment Monitors financial \ncompliance Audits bills, \nchargeback Client Billing \nMgr \nPerformance Mgr(s) Ensures Service Level alignment within respective Tower\n Monitors Service Level compliance • Monitors \n• \n• performance \nRecommends \nPerformance \nCredits \nOwns Service \nLevels Recommends \nimprovementsService Delivery Mgr(s) \nService Delivery Ensures Service delivery Manages day-to- • Monitors Recommends Service \n P AGE 14 \n Schedule 6.3 to the Comprehensive Infrastructure Agreement \nRelationship Management \n \n Governance \nMechanism Vision & Alignment Relationship & \nContract Service Levels \nand Pricing Customer Vendor \nSatisfaction Involvement\nMgr(s) alignment within respective \nTower day delivery of \nServices for \nrespective \nTower(s) performance \n• \n• Recommends \nPerformance Credits \nOwns Service \nLevels improvements Delivery Mgr(s) \n3.2.2 Dispute Resolution \nAll disputes shall be governed by and managed in accordance with Section 24 of the \nAgreement. \n3.3 VITA and Vendor Responsibilities \n3.3.1 General Responsibilities \nVITA and Vendor will provide a management team and organization structure that supports the \nbroad roles and responsibilities outlined in Section 3.1 and 3.2 above. In accordance with \nSections 8.2.1 and 8.3 of the Agreement, each Party will appoint a proficient and experienced representative as its Relationship Manager (VITA Relationship Manager and Vendor counterpart) to be the primary point of contact in charge of managing the Parties’ relationship throughout the Term. \n \nVITA and Vendor will each establish and maintain a team of senior IT and business professionals that, throughout the Term, will: \na. Determine and protect the Commonwealth interests and reputation of VITA; \nb. Dedicate sufficient time and resources to make the partnership a success; \nc. Have the authority to represent the Commonwealth and Vendor, respectively, to \ntheir counterparts; \nd. Manage the VITA strategic and tactical planning processes for in scope services, \nincluding IT linkage to business objectives and technology standards and architectures; and \ne. Monitor Vendor performance against the Service Levels. \n \nVendor will define and document in the Procedures Manual the organization structure of the service delivery organization it will provide to manage VITA relationship on a day-to-day basis, \nwhich shall align with VITA retained organization structure. Vendor shall also define and document mutually acceptable escalation policies and procedures. \n \nVendor will provide biographies of the management t eam for VITA’s review in determining which \nVendor personnel shall be assigned to support the Commonwealth account, including any key project operations and technical management personnel. \n3.3.2 Key Vendor Resources \nIn accordance with Section 8.2.2 of the Agreement, the Parties will designate certain members of Vendor’s project staff as Key Personnel. Vendor shall retain such Key Personnel to the \n P AGE 15 \n Schedule 6.3 to the Comprehensive Infrastructure Agreement \nRelationship Management \n \n account for a minimum retention period, under the terms and conditions set forth in such \nSection 8.2.2. \n3.3.3 Roles and Responsibilities Table \nThe following table identifies the underlying roles and responsibilities of the Parties associated with Relationship Management. An “X” is placed under the Party that will be responsible for performing the task. \nTable 4. Relationship Management Roles and Responsibilities \nRelationship Management Roles and Responsibilities Vendor VITA \n1. Ensure support and commitment of the Commonwealth executives to the \nrelationship X \n2. Ensure full support and commitment of Vendor executives to the relationship X \n3. Provide the Commonwealth Eligible Customer liaison to develop business \nrelationships X \n4. Provide Vendor with the Commonwealt h strategic business imperatives that \nrequire Vendor support X \n5. Establish and chair Strategy, Operations, Business Development, \nCommunication/Change Mgmt, and Technology Committees X \n6. Designate appropriate resources and actively participate in Strategy, \nOperations, Business Development, Communication/Change Mgmt, and \nTechnology Committees X \n7. Manage and coordinate all aspects of the Services to deliver in accordance \nwith the Agreement and deliver the plans established by the Strategy, \nOperations, Business Development, Communication/Change Mgmt, and Technology Committees X \n8. Provide appropriate Ve ndor staffing and skill leve ls that are adequate to \nachieve the Agreement objectives X \n9. Provide status on current and proposed projects X \n10. Coordinate quarterly (or other frequency as mutually agreed) strategy \ncommittee review meetings X \n11. Participate in quarterly strategy committee review meetings X \n12. Provide IT education to VITA IT management, as requested X \n13. Provide data to any Benchmarking Firm for use in conducting periodic cost \nand performance benchmark comparison X \n14. Provide periodic written perfor mance management reports and data, as \nspecified, to VITA on Service Level s and conduct periodic scheduled and ad \nhoc review meetings as required X \n15. Review and monitor Vendor performance against Service Level requirements \nand industry benchmarks X \n16. Recommend services to VITA’s IT management that add value to the \nCommonwealth X \n17. Audit contract terms, technology operations and management processes to \nensure compliance X \n18. Review projects and project plans X \n P AGE 16 \n Schedule 6.3 to the Comprehensive Infrastructure Agreement \nRelationship Management \n \n Relationship Management Roles and Responsibilities Vendor VITA \n19. Provide approval for projects and project plans X \n20. Manage Vendor internal dispute escalation and resolution X \n21. Manage Commonwealth internal dispute escalation and resolution X \n22. Inform VITA of any potential Key Pe rsonnel staffing changes and of any new \npersonnel assignments planned for new projects and services X \n23. Review and authorize Key Personnel changes to the Services and personnel \nfor new projects and services X \n24. Develop VITA Strategic Plan for Technology to support Commonwealth \nbusiness plans and requirements X \n25. Participate in the development of the VITA Strategic Plan for Technology as \nrequested by VITA X \n26. Evaluate and provide advice on IT infrastructure technologies and \ncomponents for the provision of Services X \n27. Develop/recommend overall IT architec ture and implementation strategies for \nthe in-scope Services in support of VI TA’s Strategic Plan for Technology as \nrequested X \n28. Review and authorize IT architecture and implementation strategies for the \nServices as appropriate X \n29. Develop/implement operational plan in accordance with approved and \nauthorized VITA Strategic Plan for Technology, architecture and \nimplementation strategies X \n30. Provide IT research assistance on new technologies X \n31. Provide business case assist ance and preparation, as required X \n32. Provide IT solutions, expertise, and ad visory services that are appropriately \naligned with the Commonwealth’s needs and business focus X \n33. Establish business requirements for all Services, standards and delivery \nrequirements X \n34. Recommend appropriate Services, standards and requirements X \n35. Review and approve all recommended Services, standards, policies, \nprocedures and requirements, as deemed appropriate by VITA X \n36. Participate in all joint Technology , Operations, and Strategy Committee \nmeetings X \n37. Chair all joint Technology, Operations, and Strategy Committee meetings X \n38. Define and maintain End-User satisfaction measurement process \nrequirements X \n39. Participate in End-User satisfaction measurement process as requested by \nVITA X \n40. Implement an End-User satisfaction measurement process that supports \nVITA’s requirements X \n \n3.4 Key Personnel Incentives \n P AGE 17 \n Schedule 6.3 to the Comprehensive Infrastructure Agreement \nRelationship Management \n \n Vendor shall create and maintain, for Key Personnel members, an individual compensation \nstructure that provides incentives to meet and exceed the objectives of the Agreement and the Service Levels. Annually, Vendor must meet with the VITA CIO to discuss this incentive compensation structure. \n \nAdditionally, Vendor agrees to provide visibility into the annual personnel performance reviews of Key Personnel involved in Relationship Management. VITA shall have a meaningful opportunity to provide information to Vendor with respect to the Commonwealth’s evaluation of \nand customer satisfaction with the performance of such Key Personnel and such information shall be a key component of certain Key Personnel’s performance reviews. \n \n \n \n P AGE 18 \n "
} |
[
-0.06659389287233353,
-0.032224107533693314,
0.028775235638022423,
-0.06454256922006607,
0.010069452226161957,
0.0890769511461258,
0.04667094349861145,
-0.008455183357000351,
-0.127188578248024,
-0.0014629245270043612,
-0.013981416821479797,
-0.04489487037062645,
0.045748595148324966,
0.010826650075614452,
0.01647091843187809,
-0.028391122817993164,
0.09420781582593918,
0.00024252833100035787,
-0.055501457303762436,
-0.048136625438928604,
0.03604207932949066,
-0.0162693802267313,
-0.005838202778249979,
0.012281891889870167,
0.006603435147553682,
0.08788613975048065,
-0.07807229459285736,
-0.03413911536335945,
-0.05907401442527771,
-0.11068469285964966,
-0.0547480434179306,
-0.012926007620990276,
-0.0185402724891901,
0.019406085833907127,
0.037133924663066864,
-0.004930439870804548,
-0.031697288155555725,
0.03908070549368858,
-0.013723687268793583,
0.005114629399031401,
-0.05035514757037163,
-0.06119316816329956,
-0.017239512875676155,
-0.054762862622737885,
0.06828508526086807,
0.013424686156213284,
0.03505999222397804,
-0.12076997011899948,
0.04284505918622017,
0.0016446131048724055,
-0.05063292756676674,
-0.018662750720977783,
0.07536575943231583,
-0.04943101108074188,
0.031907275319099426,
0.029938917607069016,
0.03955179452896118,
-0.045371163636446,
-0.1129823550581932,
-0.049624741077423096,
-0.018417907878756523,
-0.048366203904151917,
-0.07593993842601776,
-0.017714355140924454,
-0.029950754716992378,
0.025335146114230156,
-0.12787900865077972,
-0.014262266457080841,
0.06169973686337471,
-0.0667128935456276,
0.09997110813856125,
0.009934727102518082,
-0.08247266709804535,
0.03840715065598488,
0.09068987518548965,
0.06974916905164719,
0.0532594658434391,
0.039458129554986954,
0.04388343542814255,
-0.03482234477996826,
0.09527087211608887,
-0.012682956643402576,
0.005493801087141037,
-0.02520793303847313,
0.04815546050667763,
-0.017282482236623764,
-0.0541955791413784,
-0.058820582926273346,
0.00774106290191412,
-0.07092410326004028,
-0.04659036919474602,
-0.005655077286064625,
0.003956269938498735,
0.01926971785724163,
-0.021859824657440186,
0.026611203327775,
-0.038203541189432144,
-0.05329393967986107,
0.009317297488451004,
0.08144219219684601,
-0.030874425545334816,
-0.008044901303946972,
-0.06455285847187042,
-0.025766564533114433,
-0.07038840651512146,
-0.010055199265480042,
0.06519942730665207,
0.008669108152389526,
0.03711175173521042,
0.00047293867100961506,
0.07891244441270828,
0.031203728169202805,
-0.049765005707740784,
0.011007524095475674,
-0.05448624864220619,
0.016269223764538765,
-0.08648033440113068,
0.01864057034254074,
0.06371025741100311,
-0.052611418068408966,
-0.08550231903791428,
0.01880490407347679,
0.004718189127743244,
0.007686191704124212,
0.01414572261273861,
-0.010433217510581017,
-0.005963389296084642,
1.4335833925633335e-32,
0.03487182408571243,
0.02783968672156334,
-0.0041592540219426155,
0.10032476484775543,
0.0005102374125272036,
-0.03548614680767059,
-0.01618506759405136,
-0.015913069248199463,
-0.0005362851661629975,
-0.05940757319331169,
-0.05331205949187279,
0.06828347593545914,
0.0029466822743415833,
0.003162965178489685,
0.04639530926942825,
-0.010638431645929813,
-0.08969138562679291,
-0.00838391948491335,
-0.044484835118055344,
-0.018625523895025253,
0.004641408566385508,
-0.05028633400797844,
-0.025615638121962547,
0.0588470958173275,
-0.0356571339070797,
0.023394670337438583,
-0.0216393880546093,
-0.0250948965549469,
0.01688038371503353,
0.045694395899772644,
0.040859900414943695,
-0.02126443386077881,
-0.03592820465564728,
0.011631503701210022,
0.02227848209440708,
0.001957460306584835,
0.012055447325110435,
-0.07520771771669388,
0.023552242666482925,
0.028138745576143265,
-0.02221009135246277,
0.030397681519389153,
-0.01517529133707285,
0.03189217671751976,
-0.015029865317046642,
-0.012613222934305668,
0.05326485261321068,
0.09057419747114182,
0.012195911258459091,
-0.003979776985943317,
-0.04929590970277786,
0.03621995076537132,
0.029404673725366592,
-0.06228630244731903,
0.009313494898378849,
-0.009737839922308922,
0.07857012748718262,
0.06186893582344055,
-0.004214818589389324,
0.05890675634145737,
-0.005661357659846544,
0.12183394283056259,
-0.054487958550453186,
0.025034980848431587,
-0.057373687624931335,
0.01914769783616066,
0.017874613404273987,
0.00422170152887702,
0.13901881873607635,
-0.0355990007519722,
0.009736701846122742,
-0.1118798777461052,
0.005508460104465485,
-0.0353393591940403,
0.15446723997592926,
0.009434923529624939,
0.020688669756054878,
0.002763326745480299,
0.00956604816019535,
0.017199711874127388,
-0.061625346541404724,
-0.0082466509193182,
-0.05994188413023949,
-0.013630111701786518,
-0.048141345381736755,
-0.07483629882335663,
0.014285747893154621,
-0.10178608447313309,
0.013455035164952278,
0.020377768203616142,
0.008530644699931145,
0.02977036125957966,
0.024409502744674683,
0.09555929899215698,
-0.07575641572475433,
-1.2482668550929937e-32,
0.011768313124775887,
0.054469622671604156,
0.008595085702836514,
0.04760191962122917,
0.11814719438552856,
-0.035294510424137115,
0.08534657210111618,
-0.042319364845752716,
0.02608249895274639,
-0.007685643620789051,
0.10336051881313324,
-0.007150314282625914,
0.013614106923341751,
-0.012808098457753658,
-0.0564902164041996,
0.0273126307874918,
-0.03585531935095787,
0.06381161510944366,
-0.0658707320690155,
0.009015394374728203,
0.11513236165046692,
0.06207447499036789,
-0.08548329770565033,
-0.012801384553313255,
-0.07570746541023254,
0.02893778309226036,
-0.010951424017548561,
0.03489523008465767,
-0.0012539224699139595,
-0.02325921319425106,
0.030456002801656723,
0.011396237649023533,
0.02236209623515606,
0.04042776674032211,
-0.0633603036403656,
0.06447006016969681,
-0.0007833751733414829,
-0.06070152297616005,
-0.05508744344115257,
0.020883901044726372,
0.06834007054567337,
-0.07843832671642303,
-0.01677042245864868,
0.05747682601213455,
0.014642968773841858,
-0.06015508994460106,
-0.12572340667247772,
-0.07131138443946838,
0.040658436715602875,
0.06844861060380936,
0.034916218370199203,
0.014273240230977535,
-0.01803489215672016,
0.028014004230499268,
0.027373816817998886,
-0.0017125181620940566,
0.041791319847106934,
0.010332210920751095,
-0.040646303445100784,
0.0607038252055645,
-0.0031835073605179787,
0.050305429846048355,
0.05325344204902649,
0.06353368610143661,
0.07089433819055557,
-0.011752268299460411,
0.04617029428482056,
0.043635234236717224,
-0.11659865826368332,
-0.016815174371004105,
-0.029125498607754707,
0.04422704875469208,
0.0756392851471901,
-0.048079896718263626,
-0.07626168429851532,
0.04734957590699196,
-0.05444764718413353,
0.10220452398061752,
-0.008435463532805443,
-0.008304499089717865,
-0.05971650034189224,
-0.05918172374367714,
-0.01486113015562296,
0.09582488238811493,
0.03464742749929428,
0.14600835740566254,
-0.007426253519952297,
-0.059588633477687836,
0.04304670915007591,
0.036798011511564255,
0.020422393456101418,
-0.012051532045006752,
0.08085738867521286,
-0.03345343470573425,
0.038501039147377014,
-7.672563384630848e-8,
-0.04281960800290108,
0.09984440356492996,
-0.01303116511553526,
0.07013656198978424,
0.033359020948410034,
0.007172536104917526,
-0.029114222154021263,
0.006071615498512983,
-0.04373113438487053,
-0.018118884414434433,
-0.03104487620294094,
0.020183982327580452,
-0.030010094866156578,
-0.044213321059942245,
0.08976351469755173,
0.00491360854357481,
-0.06619587540626526,
0.026631969958543777,
-0.03737940639257431,
-0.08810663968324661,
0.044374801218509674,
-0.014525859616696835,
0.04172823578119278,
0.021862532943487167,
-0.03979642316699028,
-0.041234906762838364,
-0.023382561281323433,
-0.00394441420212388,
0.08917858451604843,
-0.02836115099489689,
-0.03131808713078499,
-0.04953031614422798,
0.0049452269449830055,
-0.04683105647563934,
0.0923910140991211,
0.01815354824066162,
-0.07127436995506287,
-0.03712699934840202,
-0.0036236699670553207,
0.051390066742897034,
-0.11004872620105743,
-0.03094051219522953,
-0.011833404190838337,
0.03378584235906601,
0.06660088896751404,
0.00288926693610847,
-0.08983447402715683,
-0.052035070955753326,
0.005308640655130148,
-0.0555429644882679,
-0.017492642626166344,
-0.07158157974481583,
-0.047900278121232986,
0.04115708917379379,
-0.03144688531756401,
0.07411178201436996,
-0.043739866465330124,
-0.0722748413681984,
0.010898219421505928,
0.0711715966463089,
0.05154317989945412,
-0.004290128126740456,
-0.11011207103729248,
0.06525108218193054
] | {
"pdf_file": "5SMHFLT35YOIS6UTY6OKBZYRZSTDMG2Q.pdf",
"text": "2010 SkillsUSA Idaho National Winners Gallery \n \n \nAviation Maintenance \nTechnology \nBack row L to R; Third \nCompetitor, \nCollege/Postsecondary \nMedalist—Silver- Taylor Davies, \nIdaho State University, College of \nTechnology \n \n \nCommercial Baking \nFront row L to R; First Competitor, \nCollege/Postsecondary Medalists—\nSilver- Lisha Whithead, College of \nSouthern Idaho \n \nCommunity Service \nFront row L to R; High School \nMedalist Team—Silver- Andrue \nWellington, Trevor Pogue, and \nJacob Ronneburg, Renaissance \nMagnet Professional Technical \nCenter: \n \nDiesel Equipment Technology \nFront row L to R: Third Competitor \nHigh School Medalist—Bronze- \nAustin Spitzler, Dehryl A. Dennis \nPTEC \n \n \n \n \n \nExtemporaneous Speaking \nBack row L to R Third \nCompetitor: \nCollege/Postsecondary \nMedalist—Bronze- Smokey \nBochenek, College of Western \nIdaho \n \n \nPhotography \nFront row L to R: Third Competitor \nHigh School Medalist—Bronze- \nKip Stutzman, Dehryl A. Dennis \nPTEC \n \n \nTechnical Computer \nApplications \nFront row L to R: Second \nCompetitor, High School \nMedalist—Gold- Kensel \nLeishman, Meridian Technical \nCharter High School \n \nTech Prep Showcase Natural \nResources- Agricultural- Food \nFrom L to R: High School \nMedalist—Gold- Kayce \nBreckenridge, Garhett Ulmer and \nKelsie Lyons, Kamiah High School \n \nCulinary Arts \nCollege/Postsecondary \nMedalist—Bronze- Jay Henry, \nCollege of Western Idaho \n(not pictured) \n "
} |
[
0.0455545037984848,
-0.003325964091345668,
-0.061466529965400696,
0.03819359093904495,
-0.0020747415255755186,
0.013163425959646702,
-0.07215157151222229,
0.028665365651249886,
0.02124275453388691,
0.012826736085116863,
0.016051175072789192,
-0.04012361541390419,
0.014067183248698711,
0.019750144332647324,
-0.041824523359537125,
-0.006913822144269943,
0.05028668791055679,
-0.03900766372680664,
-0.02980024553835392,
-0.002732613356783986,
0.03544210270047188,
0.12056376039981842,
-0.0574319027364254,
-0.0005905160214751959,
0.015454824082553387,
-0.024638494476675987,
-0.03657792508602142,
-0.006103222724050283,
-0.05633890628814697,
-0.04324353486299515,
-0.0719844400882721,
0.09220653027296066,
0.055036403238773346,
0.04085669293999672,
0.051825858652591705,
-0.056934207677841187,
0.07558607310056686,
-0.030328264459967613,
0.04798031598329544,
0.04806509613990784,
-0.007961099036037922,
-0.028874477371573448,
0.05114179477095604,
0.02960338070988655,
-0.01105510350316763,
0.010598360560834408,
-0.1071184054017067,
0.08248928934335709,
0.06720437109470367,
0.029278133064508438,
0.041142869740724564,
0.07701800763607025,
-0.06856705248355865,
-0.03150210529565811,
0.11130256205797195,
0.007969295606017113,
-0.060712460428476334,
-0.07063517719507217,
0.009468979202210903,
0.003448083996772766,
-0.03449544310569763,
0.06754456460475922,
-0.000677631061989814,
-0.02640359289944172,
0.014738598838448524,
-0.05510243773460388,
-0.08021457493305206,
0.06777022778987885,
-0.11902008950710297,
-0.04918607324361801,
0.01012903731316328,
-0.028229983523488045,
-0.035914402455091476,
-0.014509004540741444,
-0.06309518963098526,
-0.00671182619407773,
0.10752389580011368,
-0.06090136244893074,
-0.02168446034193039,
-0.02278848923742771,
-0.023416031152009964,
0.016566108912229538,
-0.049766987562179565,
-0.039226233959198,
-0.014392843469977379,
0.005020490847527981,
0.022344233468174934,
0.0584990493953228,
0.017788760364055634,
0.021143265068531036,
0.010362477973103523,
-0.04391051083803177,
-0.01761370152235031,
-0.001587689039297402,
0.016804462298750877,
0.020880045369267464,
0.015746451914310455,
-0.02878228947520256,
0.01653403975069523,
-0.013382789678871632,
0.05859067291021347,
-0.028702691197395325,
0.010679315775632858,
-0.07360050082206726,
-0.03335670009255409,
0.007809874601662159,
-0.018157310783863068,
0.06948500871658325,
0.05260026827454567,
-0.00044091991730965674,
-0.07612673193216324,
0.1017514020204544,
-0.10661296546459198,
-0.05547744780778885,
-0.000052858187700621784,
0.006738294847309589,
0.02169344201683998,
-0.10947808623313904,
-0.06479208916425705,
-0.1338648796081543,
0.06291592866182327,
0.03501810505986214,
0.0757170021533966,
0.08259698003530502,
-0.05295977368950844,
0.014204969629645348,
0.07168042659759521,
5.890116399906439e-33,
-0.10669435560703278,
-0.09631755948066711,
0.007801210507750511,
-0.009775934740900993,
0.0002299831248819828,
0.005608936306089163,
-0.001546905841678381,
-0.0000011990165376118966,
0.03838174045085907,
0.02955440990626812,
-0.14004193246364594,
0.037915632128715515,
-0.037089329212903976,
0.08593424409627914,
0.04117783531546593,
-0.06436602771282196,
0.011014288291335106,
-0.028712768107652664,
0.04601120948791504,
0.03531887009739876,
-0.01530325785279274,
-0.04349428042769432,
0.06072517856955528,
0.026215508580207825,
0.0004687085747718811,
-0.0005617553251795471,
0.001702741952612996,
-0.0716385692358017,
-0.006442339159548283,
-0.02305169403553009,
0.0102307153865695,
0.01139877364039421,
0.019183248281478882,
-0.08409903198480606,
-0.027635522186756134,
-0.03344499692320824,
0.03134828433394432,
-0.007594284601509571,
-0.03515607491135597,
0.06259909272193909,
-0.009671446867287159,
0.01916794292628765,
0.022885562852025032,
0.050563741475343704,
0.0017548726173117757,
0.04964025318622589,
0.0672057643532753,
0.048809297382831573,
-0.025310661643743515,
-0.008724836632609367,
-0.051262933760881424,
0.027257846668362617,
0.03360111266374588,
-0.08730961382389069,
-0.04839908704161644,
-0.008924388326704502,
0.04570537433028221,
-0.04592301324009895,
-0.05309746041893959,
0.01224129181355238,
-0.0601627342402935,
0.06505201756954193,
0.03611553832888603,
-0.04292929172515869,
-0.06844644993543625,
0.07225915044546127,
0.013638582080602646,
0.015670930966734886,
-0.006545641925185919,
0.0928545743227005,
-0.020938154309988022,
-0.01885322481393814,
0.07646285742521286,
-0.050120819360017776,
0.11391879618167877,
0.010071711614727974,
0.031772222369909286,
0.021502604708075523,
0.057126447558403015,
-0.033323030918836594,
-0.06446374207735062,
0.024995088577270508,
-0.0017429045401513577,
0.052127595990896225,
-0.038070548325777054,
0.01599784940481186,
-0.05083727091550827,
-0.03467492759227753,
0.07140319794416428,
0.03312937542796135,
-0.071931391954422,
0.0035392921417951584,
-0.027515143156051636,
-0.08430712670087814,
0.024969443678855896,
-7.09769660371839e-33,
-0.022588910534977913,
0.049605973064899445,
-0.004488600883632898,
0.08020564913749695,
0.030449217185378075,
-0.10356395691633224,
0.03475133329629898,
0.06747807562351227,
0.024109920486807823,
-0.038961876183748245,
-0.04237651079893112,
0.036470621824264526,
-0.02068990468978882,
-0.027293171733617783,
-0.005534817464649677,
0.057336509227752686,
-0.025998156517744064,
0.09783803671598434,
-0.03613022714853287,
-0.10569095611572266,
-0.07496167719364166,
0.011479675769805908,
0.029626639559864998,
0.06805527210235596,
0.024349194020032883,
0.09893734008073807,
0.022066203877329826,
-0.04697683826088905,
0.01762794889509678,
-0.11937162280082703,
0.03743061050772667,
-0.024397358298301697,
0.01769443415105343,
0.010915647260844707,
-0.14905168116092682,
-0.0021173201967030764,
0.05837254226207733,
0.04477623105049133,
0.010354211553931236,
0.0394132174551487,
0.04809700325131416,
0.006518645212054253,
-0.07903935015201569,
0.08604125678539276,
-0.07908976823091507,
0.010237839072942734,
0.061457566916942596,
0.00653834966942668,
0.09360413998365402,
0.03101103939116001,
0.05080537870526314,
0.03389430418610573,
-0.0070419409312307835,
0.016650160774588585,
0.00011477767111500725,
-0.02807784639298916,
0.013005017302930355,
0.03051702119410038,
-0.002911629853770137,
-0.016658563166856766,
0.01575351320207119,
0.0766548439860344,
0.01768905110657215,
0.03546267747879028,
0.05913374200463295,
-0.028433043509721756,
0.013388124294579029,
-0.042524345219135284,
-0.011978687718510628,
0.03399299457669258,
0.004633645992726088,
-0.03145546093583107,
-0.01682385429739952,
-0.04321320354938507,
0.013400506228208542,
0.029440628364682198,
-0.06166572868824005,
-0.06265672296285629,
0.010171331465244293,
0.06448141485452652,
-0.013361616060137749,
-0.0653281882405281,
0.03545032814145088,
0.09640955924987793,
-0.011124683544039726,
-0.00892056617885828,
-0.004780762363225222,
0.06823059171438217,
0.0294629093259573,
0.09171565622091293,
-0.14641784131526947,
0.025756599381566048,
-0.005821827799081802,
-0.07057490199804306,
-0.04641014337539673,
-6.539713837128147e-8,
-0.019259991124272346,
-0.06186386197805405,
-0.041958436369895935,
0.03915907442569733,
-0.012977789156138897,
0.01667856238782406,
0.004825742915272713,
-0.00807143747806549,
0.03346315026283264,
0.06500335782766342,
-0.05035221576690674,
0.017535148188471794,
-0.11617154628038406,
-0.027695994824171066,
-0.05055201053619385,
0.008459515869617462,
0.0248904787003994,
0.0030434723012149334,
-0.011507552117109299,
-0.03278634697198868,
-0.03954416513442993,
0.10690442472696304,
-0.08221054077148438,
-0.08941156417131424,
-0.016178712248802185,
-0.07834536582231522,
-0.05932548642158508,
0.07225985080003738,
0.12409522384405136,
0.019813960418105125,
0.03298194333910942,
-0.005474486853927374,
-0.04143857583403587,
-0.018670743331313133,
0.02944779209792614,
-0.016624735668301582,
-0.0985754132270813,
0.03452877700328827,
0.03535427153110504,
-0.02377481944859028,
-0.12572146952152252,
-0.03571925684809685,
-0.05087069794535637,
0.0355771966278553,
-0.021090958267450333,
-0.051001522690057755,
-0.09646826237440109,
0.05300469323992729,
0.03141104429960251,
-0.036628708243370056,
0.004969410132616758,
-0.04082983359694481,
0.008425063453614712,
-0.00983941275626421,
0.0388714075088501,
0.028035864233970642,
-0.030337633565068245,
-0.07074402272701263,
0.11351271718740463,
-0.03524508699774742,
-0.0271080881357193,
-0.11794813722372055,
-0.004755202680826187,
0.016347544267773628
] | {
"pdf_file": "EHKVBSEBX33HSCZP2YGBOAAGM4WPMRL2.pdf",
"text": "U.S. AGRICULTURAL EXPORTS\nUNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE\n20-DEC-2001 10:28\nB_totalx\nVALUES ARE IN DOLLARS / QUANTITIES ARE IN SINGLE UNITS\nBeef, F/CH/FZ, Prepared/Preseved, and Variety Meat, Exports\nQUANTITY QUANTITY VALUE VALUE QUANTITY QUANTITY VALUE VALUE\n 01/2000-10/2000 01/2001-10/2001 01/2000-10/2000 01/2001-10/2001 10/2000 10/2001 10/2000 10/2001\nNorth America\nCanada 1220 82,550 77,833 257,845,559 233,282,941 8,937 8,039 28,181,268 22,965,296\nMexico 2010 203,709 250,547 496,188,629 628,915,910 22,295 26,587 54,193,116 64,754,079\nTotal 286,259 328,380 754,034,188 862,198,851 31,232 34,626 82,374,384 87,719,375\nCaribbean\nBermuda 2320 871 665 5,402,663 4,891,077 65 56 442,283 384,429\nBahamas; The 2360 1,274 3,307 3,500,629 8,461,241 290 261 561,031 539,101\nJamaica 2410 2,013 3,123 2,119,514 4,446,927 116 391 155,831 691,771\nTurks and Caicos Islands 2430 43 44 456,894 346,982 1 8 11,256 26,094\nCayman Islands 2440 1,719 225 5,203,439 694,571 176 0 432,572 0\nHaiti 2450 18 83 74,086 129,959 0 0 0 0\nDominican Republic 2470 2,058 963 3,490,732 2,143,918 107 129 211,065 381,574\nLeeward-Windward Islands 2480 424 466 1,267,391 1,243,525 19 71 75,109 169,179\nBarbados 2720 533 169 2,070,054 976,904 16 27 39,148 221,399\nTrinidad and Tobago 2740 306 126 924,478 279,263 44 28 87,052 40,071\nNetherlands Antilles 2770 448 404 1,533,095 1,337,232 32 34 127,634 89,449\nFrench West Indies 2830 94 14 399,621 30,795 9 12 68,959 27,116\nTotal 9,802 9,589 26,442,596 24,982,394 875 1,019 2,211,940 2,570,183\nCentral America\nGuatemala 2050 1,244 1,028 2,965,718 3,258,465 135 87 280,076 277,937\nBelize 2080 36 4 65,121 5,516 0 0 0 0\nEl Salvador 2110 79 159 161,299 419,593 17 27 7,315 94,386\nHonduras 2150 554 203 912,046 437,944 26 0 64,410 0\nNicaragua 2190 78 27 148,794 89,039 7 4 32,888 16,490\nCosta Rica 2230 559 1,119 883,540 1,738,845 54 141 65,568 216,368\nPanama 2250 2,118 775 2,800,392 1,940,522 107 88 162,713 219,058\nTotal 4,667 3,314 7,936,910 7,889,924 348 348 612,970 824,239\nSouth America\nColombia 3010 361 631 472,174 594,921 31 47 43,523 28,620\nVenezuela 3070 2,493 1,027 2,829,830 2,365,392 196 137 197,269 425,345\nGuyana 3120 0 16 0 16,677 0 11 0 11,052\nSuriname 3150 0 5 0 14,614 0 0 0 0\nEcuador 3310 866 57 927,798 100,090 0 1 0 6,647\nPeru 3330 1,662 863 1,729,705 1,033,412 48 297 42,000 266,542\nBolivia 3350 1 0 4,316 0 0 0 0 0\nChile 3370 5 195 38,972 279,403 0 46 0 47,713\nBrazil 3510 3,636 240 3,759,483 420,791 19 50 60,416 44,001\nUruguay 3550 213 427 531,422 917,826 1 24 11,131 35,758\nArgentina 3570 3,000 2,257 3,733,462 3,647,807 117 300 199,604 336,480 U.S. AGRICULTURAL EXPORTS\nUNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE\n20-DEC-2001 10:28\nB_totalx\nVALUES ARE IN DOLLARS / QUANTITIES ARE IN SINGLE UNITS\nBeef, F/CH/FZ, Prepared/Preseved, and Variety Meat, Exports\nQUANTITY QUANTITY VALUE VALUE QUANTITY QUANTITY VALUE VALUE\n 01/2000-10/2000 01/2001-10/2001 01/2000-10/2000 01/2001-10/2001 10/2000 10/2001 10/2000 10/2001\nTotal 12,236 5,718 14,027,162 9,390,933 411 914 553,943 1,202,158\nEuropean Union\nSweden 4010 1,246 11 1,284,566 123,749 0 0 0 0\nFinland 4050 554 13 564,796 140,189 47 0 34,000 0\nDenmark 4090 234 131 1,045,165 923,224 4 0 22,515 0\nUnited Kingdom 4120 1,074 831 2,767,638 372,604 13 5 31,470 6,500\nIreland 4190 14 20 43,553 8,880 0 0 0 0\nNetherlands 4210 1,736 361 4,626,328 1,726,345 100 2 425,653 19,380\nBelgium-Luxembourg 4230 9,783 4,456 4,215,347 3,350,193 1,719 22 494,148 190,920\nFrance 4270 990 555 1,248,396 471,841 39 14 48,600 72,625\nGermany 4280 8,058 6,189 6,103,699 4,736,152 1,343 285 684,137 424,221\nAustria 4330 0 300 0 107,660 0 8 0 23,234\nSpain 4700 331 143 1,588,609 726,885 34 7 187,630 51,928\nPortugal 4710 35 39 126,290 108,961 0 9 0 79,316\nItaly 4750 90 183 419,770 1,119,596 6 4 17,307 48,765\nGreece 4840 407 154 987,885 547,850 88 2 152,206 15,609\nTotal 24,550 13,386 25,022,042 14,464,129 3,392 358 2,097,666 932,498\nOther West Europe\nIceland 4000 0 1 0 6,214 0 1 0 6,214\nNorway 4030 0 8 0 7,772 0 0 0 0\nSwitzerland 4410 667 803 6,007,931 5,189,985 29 74 370,191 406,695\nMalta & Gozo 4730 135 38 1,333,850 450,911 0 0 0 0\nTotal 802 850 7,341,781 5,654,882 29 75 370,191 412,909\nFormer Soviet Union\nEstonia 4470 1,721 0 985,024 0 201 0 105,137 0\nLatvia 4490 14,539 4,942 8,340,820 3,016,783 1,551 0 835,088 0\nLithuania 4510 0 24 0 15,000 0 0 0 0\nRussian Federation 4621 21,158 42,800 23,144,595 35,390,761 3,063 4,510 2,656,266 4,314,180\nUkraine 4623 15 0 19,987 0 0 0 0 0\nArmenia; Republic of 4631 2 0 8,000 0 0 0 0 0\nGeorgia; Republic of 4633 8 158 3,600 207,417 0 0 0 0\nTotal 37,442 47,923 32,502,026 38,629,961 4,815 4,510 3,596,491 4,314,180\nEastern Europe\nHungary 4370 14 40 161,680 198,382 0 0 0 0\nPoland 4550 5,162 4,461 3,927,117 2,685,854 660 701 519,222 424,572\nSlovenia 4792 5 0 37,734 0 0 0 0 0\nMacedonia (Skopje) 4794 23 43 22,300 34,858 0 0 0 0\nAlbania 4810 48 0 56,405 0 0 0 0 0\nRomania 4850 266 875 261,772 734,155 88 104 100,652 102,947 U.S. AGRICULTURAL EXPORTS\nUNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE\n20-DEC-2001 10:28\nB_totalx\nVALUES ARE IN DOLLARS / QUANTITIES ARE IN SINGLE UNITS\nBeef, F/CH/FZ, Prepared/Preseved, and Variety Meat, Exports\nQUANTITY QUANTITY VALUE VALUE QUANTITY QUANTITY VALUE VALUE\n 01/2000-10/2000 01/2001-10/2001 01/2000-10/2000 01/2001-10/2001 10/2000 10/2001 10/2000 10/2001\nBulgaria 4870 229 179 246,782 180,131 24 0 24,271 0\nTotal 5,746 5,598 4,713,790 3,833,380 772 805 644,145 527,519\nMiddle East\nTurkey 4890 47 3 120,464 25,334 0 0 0 0\nLebanon 5040 192 69 460,154 291,279 70 3 160,751 6,976\nIsrael 5080 781 837 1,041,409 851,810 72 190 53,685 159,949\nJordan 5110 91 21 129,858 209,118 0 0 0 0\nKuwait 5130 290 265 1,284,737 2,202,837 16 48 124,339 453,078\nSaudi Arabia 5170 1,131 721 3,182,662 3,737,463 107 59 248,811 479,046\nQatar 5180 41 34 332,926 337,308 25 9 197,704 115,778\nUnited Arab Emirates 5200 585 490 2,460,588 3,742,875 100 138 434,272 680,673\nYemen 5210 0 6 0 61,862 0 5 0 46,191\nOman 5230 3 14 20,484 78,486 0 9 0 46,310\nBahrain 5250 73 504 407,392 2,325,943 1 162 4,948 709,511\nTotal 3,235 2,963 9,440,674 13,864,315 391 623 1,224,510 2,697,512\nNorth Africa\nMorocco 7140 0 18 0 68,122 0 0 0 0\nEgypt 7290 26,975 27,780 24,080,443 23,361,526 3,425 3,137 3,348,152 3,000,804\nTotal 26,975 27,798 24,080,443 23,429,648 3,425 3,137 3,348,152 3,000,804\nOther Africa\nEquatorial Guinea 7380 0 2 0 8,634 0 0 0 0\nSenegal 7440 0 104 0 134,725 0 0 0 0\nGuinea 7460 1 3 11,999 18,910 0 0 0 0\nCote d''Ivoire 7480 1,599 2,205 1,392,493 1,093,276 141 192 65,206 96,751\nGhana 7490 176 8 245,114 31,394 0 4 0 16,320\nNigeria 7530 8 14 26,068 29,449 0 0 0 0\nGabon 7550 389 1,241 323,486 777,965 25 216 66,609 165,000\nAngola 7620 860 836 777,832 746,509 82 0 81,766 0\nCongo (Brazzaville) 7630 124 0 101,846 0 25 0 15,777 0\nZaire 7660 0 30 0 25,612 0 0 0 0\nKenya 7790 66 1 66,475 14,762 41 0 34,575 0\nSouth Africa; Republic of 7910 551 284 423,670 1,829,692 100 0 95,881 0\nNamibia 7920 0 30 0 64,623 0 2 0 3,981\nTotal 3,775 4,759 3,368,983 4,775,551 415 414 359,814 282,052\nSouth Asia\nIndia 5330 23 0 13,460 0 0 0 0 0\nBangladesh 5380 0 0 2,512 2,840 0 0 2,512 0\nTotal 24 0 15,972 2,840 0 0 2,512 0\nOther Asia U.S. AGRICULTURAL EXPORTS\nUNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE\n20-DEC-2001 10:28\nB_totalx\nVALUES ARE IN DOLLARS / QUANTITIES ARE IN SINGLE UNITS\nBeef, F/CH/FZ, Prepared/Preseved, and Variety Meat, Exports\nQUANTITY QUANTITY VALUE VALUE QUANTITY QUANTITY VALUE VALUE\n 01/2000-10/2000 01/2001-10/2001 01/2000-10/2000 01/2001-10/2001 10/2000 10/2001 10/2000 10/2001\nThailand 5490 150 236 732,661 1,672,850 25 44 137,674 263,864\nVietnam 5520 5 48 61,615 233,019 0 0 0 0\nLaos 5530 0 18 0 57,716 0 0 0 0\nCambodia 5550 22 4 29,065 15,841 18 0 16,400 0\nMalaysia 5570 998 345 1,938,273 2,121,638 0 61 0 345,754\nSingapore 5590 1,534 715 5,454,475 4,473,930 97 72 554,263 521,510\nIndonesia 5600 6,133 6,278 6,386,957 7,370,158 357 2,229 715,076 2,044,894\nBrunei 5610 47 0 34,000 0 0 0 0 0\nPhilippines 5650 550 788 3,403,919 2,920,221 132 104 1,005,630 723,184\nChina; Peoples Republic of 5700 8,085 7,704 12,872,153 18,734,033 633 1,206 1,471,466 2,753,284\nKorea; Republic of 5800 136,078 110,052 440,573,277 282,293,793 8,978 17,611 28,796,954 44,624,264\nHong Kong 5820 22,518 18,155 64,814,352 50,435,134 2,383 2,370 7,771,312 8,089,285\nTaiwan 5830 17,766 11,226 54,060,745 39,472,182 1,210 1,287 4,476,651 4,921,381\nJapan 5880 461,022 458,537 1,541,265,014 1,439,760,594 41,075 44,925 127,518,707 142,500,817\nTotal 654,907 614,106 2,131,626,506 1,849,561,109 54,908 69,908 172,464,133 206,788,237\nOceania\nAustralia 6020 2,889 622 4,143,400 1,204,285 28 13 69,957 64,340\nNew Zealand 6140 72 16 158,917 57,411 0 0 0 0\nWestern Samoa 6150 7 5 27,802 13,516 0 0 0 0\nFrench Pacific Islands 6410 167 25 1,033,384 172,496 0 2 0 26,394\nMarshal Islands 6810 405 153 705,455 467,066 18 21 40,194 68,791\nMicronesia; Federated States of 6820 180 92 301,838 321,215 2 4 4,986 23,615\nPalau 6830 266 172 552,244 630,934 23 14 87,211 65,992\nOther Pacific Islands; NEC 6860 40 1 58,710 3,201 15 0 22,506 0\nTotal 4,025 1,086 6,981,750 2,870,124 85 54 224,854 249,132\nGrand Total 1,074,446 1,065,470 3,047,534,823 2,861,548,041 101,096 116,790 270,085,705 311,520,798\nCOMMODITY AGGREGATES/GROUPS AND MEMBER CODES\nBeef, F/CH/FZ/Prep/Pres/Var Meat, Export\nX0201100010 CRC,1/2CRCVL F/C\nX0201100090 CARCASSES/HALF-C\nX0201203000 BF PRSDW/B FR/CH\nX0201203550 BF PRSDW/B FR/CH\nX0201206000 BFW/B NTPRSD F/C\nX0201303000 BF PRSD WO/B,F/C\nX0201303550 BF PRSD WO/B,F/C\nX0201306000 BFWO/B NPRSD F/C\nX0202100010 CRC,1/2CRC VL FZ U.S. AGRICULTURAL EXPORTS\nUNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE\n20-DEC-2001 10:28\nB_totalx\nVALUES ARE IN DOLLARS / QUANTITIES ARE IN SINGLE UNITS\nBeef, F/CH/FZ, Prepared/Preseved, and Variety Meat, Exports\nQUANTITY QUANTITY VALUE VALUE QUANTITY QUANTITY VALUE VALUE\n 01/2000-10/2000 01/2001-10/2001 01/2000-10/2000 01/2001-10/2001 10/2000 10/2001 10/2000 10/2001\nX0202100090 CARCASSES/HALF-C\nX0202203000 BF PRSD W/B F/CH\nX0202203550 BF PRSD W/B F/CH\nX0202206000 BFW/B CRC,FRZ\nX0202303000 BF PRSD WO/B FRZ\nX0202303550 BF PRSD WO/B FRZ\nX0202306000 BFWO/B, CRC,FRZ\nX0210200000 BF,SLT,BR,DRD,SM\nX1602509020 PREP MEALS,BEEF\nX1602509500 BEEF,PREP,PRES\nX0206100000 BOV OFL,ED,FR,CH\nX0206210000 BOV TNGS,ED FRZ\nX0206220000 BOV LVRS,ED FRZE\nX0206290010 BOV OFL,FZ,HEART\nX0206290020 BOV OFL,FZ,KDNEY\nX0206290030 BOV OFL,FZ,BRAIN\nX0206290040 BOV OFL,FZ,SWTBD\nX0206290050 BOV OFL,FZ,LIPS\nX0206290090 BOV OFL,FZ,OTHER\nX0504000050 BEEF TRIPE, FZ\nX0504000070 BF INT,FZ,X SSGC"
} |
[
-0.046694137156009674,
-0.028728853911161423,
0.029645385220646858,
-0.03463224694132805,
0.03627268224954605,
0.05330284684896469,
0.002581970300525427,
0.03822840005159378,
-0.0023798171896487474,
-0.025598470121622086,
0.029570352286100388,
0.006141516845673323,
-0.07682251185178757,
-0.007979894988238811,
-0.029108477756381035,
-0.025901952758431435,
0.04830639809370041,
0.0009427108452655375,
-0.06951240450143814,
-0.03718158230185509,
-0.025850381702184677,
-0.04311993718147278,
0.010041075758635998,
-0.06447336822748184,
0.007778954692184925,
0.05874374881386757,
0.0023291688412427902,
-0.021855143830180168,
-0.02752929925918579,
0.03370775282382965,
-0.048005446791648865,
0.034911248832941055,
0.053978197276592255,
0.021884199231863022,
0.09317222237586975,
0.029350100085139275,
0.07560370862483978,
0.017919737845659256,
0.02024148404598236,
0.019197551533579826,
-0.008984292857348919,
0.01657477393746376,
-0.05169641226530075,
-0.09119467437267303,
-0.05007866397500038,
-0.04472476243972778,
0.04813644662499428,
-0.052054453641176224,
-0.09203453361988068,
0.05656075477600098,
0.024431323632597923,
0.036865293979644775,
0.09307071566581726,
-0.052173715084791183,
-0.024561600759625435,
0.08200240880250931,
-0.000028181064408272505,
-0.03162022680044174,
-0.04860997200012207,
0.06597419083118439,
-0.0537421777844429,
-0.04473153501749039,
-0.03375285491347313,
-0.012738926336169243,
0.035700876265764236,
0.03006918355822563,
-0.0923275351524353,
0.00333299208432436,
-0.10715357214212418,
-0.10739687830209732,
0.05439462140202522,
-0.07320906966924667,
-0.09832592308521271,
-0.05129896476864815,
-0.022488724440336227,
-0.04517924040555954,
0.06832005083560944,
0.04205763712525368,
0.039896588772535324,
-0.025114884600043297,
0.07113946229219437,
0.02892257086932659,
0.10196895897388458,
-0.04618404433131218,
-0.0467073954641819,
0.07349344342947006,
-0.022931097075343132,
-0.029052142053842545,
0.03534815087914467,
0.01824120804667473,
0.00911635160446167,
0.03485267236828804,
0.00047377083683386445,
-0.003338554874062538,
0.10391758382320404,
0.03637181594967842,
0.00371572352014482,
0.007552546914666891,
0.04618563503026962,
0.05365711450576782,
0.09277121722698212,
0.028806783258914948,
0.0058545381762087345,
-0.055471546947956085,
-0.12295304238796234,
-0.04819545894861221,
0.00985749065876007,
0.07495743781328201,
-0.032208401709795,
0.09831055998802185,
-0.08263931423425674,
0.00929414015263319,
0.04212702438235283,
0.035426218062639236,
0.01933097653090954,
-0.03973833844065666,
-0.035297807306051254,
0.005226324312388897,
0.08443085104227066,
-0.001580985845066607,
0.05695164203643799,
0.049131665378808975,
0.02386772818863392,
0.06228204444050789,
0.021782053634524345,
0.05496813356876373,
-0.09607415646314621,
3.558913472238111e-33,
-0.05075864866375923,
0.09607488662004471,
-0.01799139752984047,
0.0014847330749034882,
-0.09016160666942596,
0.010229776613414288,
-0.03619196638464928,
-0.02193053439259529,
-0.04734287038445473,
0.020981593057513237,
-0.10544493049383163,
0.058612626045942307,
0.011123072355985641,
0.025822484865784645,
-0.01228652149438858,
-0.03372158855199814,
-0.015955273061990738,
0.0947875827550888,
0.02008507028222084,
-0.051964420825242996,
0.07614066451787949,
0.021763931959867477,
0.06135009601712227,
-0.013686572201550007,
0.0006235408363863826,
0.005006885621696711,
-0.044579602777957916,
0.012354291044175625,
-0.028970424085855484,
0.0030092503875494003,
0.014877354726195335,
0.05525512993335724,
-0.008050799369812012,
0.04703657701611519,
-0.04852897301316261,
0.04899532347917557,
0.005740588065236807,
-0.031793102622032166,
-0.07555916160345078,
-0.06659621000289917,
-0.07700878381729126,
0.03579506278038025,
-0.037603382021188736,
0.03853239864110947,
0.0460355281829834,
-0.024513298645615578,
0.06640473753213882,
-0.033314596861600876,
0.08804731070995331,
-0.007039693184196949,
-0.11972509324550629,
0.03583163022994995,
0.04831821471452713,
-0.0637434720993042,
-0.017176056280732155,
-0.01003009732812643,
0.009734620340168476,
-0.05961654335260391,
-0.015835415571928024,
-0.0011094833025708795,
-0.06093601882457733,
0.13819336891174316,
-0.09321371465921402,
0.009706606157124043,
-0.08723096549510956,
0.06316941976547241,
-0.021069249138236046,
0.005767044611275196,
0.03175618126988411,
-0.011024439707398415,
0.03447636216878891,
-0.03329399228096008,
0.033826105296611786,
0.029109876602888107,
0.04551459848880768,
0.022542528808116913,
0.03131513670086861,
0.11918844282627106,
-0.0030327558051794767,
-0.05850701406598091,
-0.05024257302284241,
-0.05654444918036461,
-0.016014939174056053,
-0.03004397824406624,
0.015464196912944317,
0.009532399475574493,
0.038140732795000076,
0.024886328727006912,
0.05395984277129173,
-0.05101597309112549,
0.0028330066706985235,
0.00939906109124422,
0.00026589122717268765,
0.07336325943470001,
-0.025975799188017845,
-5.505428159418168e-33,
0.04254177585244179,
-0.008632506243884563,
-0.029052892699837685,
-0.10183092951774597,
0.01661873608827591,
-0.015211095102131367,
-0.054633889347314835,
-0.06497155129909515,
0.017476456239819527,
-0.12137766182422638,
-0.027701672166585922,
-0.023085564374923706,
0.07786479592323303,
0.026988135650753975,
-0.03909219056367874,
-0.028722669929265976,
0.03553888201713562,
-0.0796605795621872,
0.013108029961585999,
-0.048039305955171585,
0.07028131932020187,
0.014448385685682297,
-0.08606463670730591,
0.05268678069114685,
-0.05931622162461281,
0.02168693207204342,
0.028308352455496788,
-0.05435681715607643,
0.012089701369404793,
-0.004958913661539555,
-0.04009268432855606,
-0.027991415932774544,
-0.04748879000544548,
0.08099164813756943,
0.015931664034724236,
0.016308460384607315,
-0.011928606778383255,
-0.05214792490005493,
-0.07635372877120972,
-0.00880902074277401,
-0.06185758858919144,
-0.024648956954479218,
-0.02114066667854786,
0.102028489112854,
0.03789687901735306,
0.08167745918035507,
-0.012267152778804302,
-0.015713952481746674,
-0.00436168909072876,
-0.0031652727629989386,
-0.043765705078840256,
0.05782119184732437,
0.01642012968659401,
-0.0601583868265152,
-0.017611229792237282,
0.06854833662509918,
0.12365268170833588,
-0.04150039330124855,
-0.08667921274900436,
0.03403492271900177,
-0.03275182098150253,
0.12561196088790894,
0.03839992731809616,
0.034621164202690125,
0.06157734617590904,
-0.07419188320636749,
0.027576658874750137,
-0.05785421282052994,
0.041676219552755356,
-0.042492128908634186,
-0.042792052030563354,
-0.02879231423139572,
-0.0336049422621727,
-0.03919672966003418,
0.05693032592535019,
0.02081947959959507,
-0.07001271098852158,
0.014790704473853111,
-0.05324583500623703,
0.027011912316083908,
0.02739785611629486,
0.03115789033472538,
-0.00371616636402905,
-0.009195945225656033,
0.08901771903038025,
0.044569436460733414,
-0.04556741937994957,
-0.038264449685811996,
0.02734525315463543,
0.009548983536660671,
-0.03081207349896431,
-0.04613623768091202,
-0.013867066241800785,
0.11469794064760208,
-0.040341828018426895,
-7.695755499526058e-8,
-0.007521616294980049,
0.02315404638648033,
-0.005935167893767357,
0.026477906852960587,
-0.05750797688961029,
-0.12554478645324707,
0.018105775117874146,
0.0032762421760708094,
0.01958836428821087,
0.054515015333890915,
-0.036533892154693604,
0.12818032503128052,
-0.0996873676776886,
0.05950743332505226,
-0.024454139173030853,
-0.09545067697763443,
-0.04924971982836723,
0.018896427005529404,
0.006539898458868265,
-0.02322010137140751,
0.10388004034757614,
0.0006814014632254839,
-0.017903592437505722,
-0.009233346208930016,
0.07407907396554947,
-0.05102372169494629,
-0.05544228479266167,
0.075926773250103,
-0.0387505404651165,
0.028073128312826157,
-0.07661601901054382,
0.07124458253383636,
0.004270931240171194,
-0.037300579249858856,
0.036381155252456665,
-0.010109761729836464,
-0.014857078902423382,
0.02667529135942459,
0.004648384638130665,
-0.03773251175880432,
-0.02096007950603962,
0.02073623612523079,
-0.004729471635073423,
-0.011719964444637299,
0.036789268255233765,
0.03532472997903824,
-0.05587546527385712,
-0.030893195420503616,
0.13439808785915375,
-0.1026899591088295,
-0.07209274172782898,
0.03488023579120636,
0.010020794346928596,
0.06711238622665405,
0.036860961467027664,
0.023112691938877106,
-0.03821209445595741,
-0.07586925476789474,
0.01433003880083561,
-0.022451147437095642,
0.032322581857442856,
-0.05252029001712799,
-0.07575123012065887,
0.0026668754871934652
] | {
"pdf_file": "OHTNKYOXYDGU2LJ65NZHLLFUCLSNEGNU.pdf",
"text": "ILLINOIS ECONOMIC RECOVERY COMMISSION \n GLOBAL MARKETS SUBCOMMITTEE \n \nMINUTES OF MEETING DATE: December 16, 2009 TIME: 4.30 pm – 6.30 pm LOCATION: 70 W Madison Street, Chicago, IL, Room 3400 \n \nAttendees C. Bernardini, G. Webb, D. Cradit, W. Miquelon, D. Whitley, G. Wass, J. Hoelzle, S. Joshi, M. \nSorgman, I. Dumea Invited Guests/ Presenters: \nM. Gaudette, C. Haeni, L. Morrissey, E. Voyles, C. Zethmayr \nc.c. A. Rorke, J. Weisensee, J. Brodson, J. Reynolds \n1. Charles Bernardini opened the meeting by info rming the attendees that the agenda for the \nmeeting is the presentations from three organi zations: Midwest U.S. – Japan Association, \nSwitzerland Trade & Investment Commission and the Rockford Area Economic Development Council. \n 2. Marie Gaudette, Executive Director, Midwest U.S.-Japan Association presented history \nof their organization, key activities of the group and offered the following key \nobservations / recommendations: \n Leadership of the Illinois Economic Development group should have business / \nindustry executive background \n State of Indiana did an excellent job in getting Honda plant to Indiana \n Health Care should be the key focus in attracting new business opportunities \nfrom Japan to Illinois \n Need to target specific trade shows e.g. Bio 2010 \n Obtain a copy of A.T. Kearney study done 3-4 years ago \n \n3. Claudine M. Haeni, Trade Commissioner, Switzerland Trade & Investment Promotion \nsummarized their group’s key role and activities in the 12 mid-west states. She \nhighlighted their role in the potential High Speed Rail project for the Midwest area. She \nalso expressed desire to receive monthly / quarterly statistics on State of Illinois’ economic data on a routine basis. She high lighted Denver Metro Economic Development \nGroup as ‘best of class’ in providing this type of information on a timely basis. \n \n4. Eric D. Voyles, Vice President, Nationa l Business Development, Rockford Area \nEconomic Development Council made a formal presentation on their role, activities and \nkey accomplishments. Mayor Lawrence J. Mo rrissey provided in-depth commentary on \nhis experience in working with RAEDC a nd highlighted their success in attracting \nbusiness from China and Sweden. Copies of Mr . Voyles presentation were provided to \nthe attendees. \n Satish V. Joshi \n "
} |
[
-0.055945880711078644,
-0.019233185797929764,
0.024120628833770752,
-0.004092121031135321,
0.06800796836614609,
0.004176185466349125,
0.05951927974820137,
0.019219744950532913,
-0.07284557819366455,
0.05141163244843483,
-0.006325285881757736,
-0.0068366131745278835,
0.019903285428881645,
0.018372034654021263,
-0.11647903919219971,
-0.03933302313089371,
-0.0040134466253221035,
-0.023366019129753113,
-0.04790882021188736,
0.0656878650188446,
0.14722180366516113,
0.07730139046907425,
-0.02229682356119156,
0.005565241910517216,
-0.08323999494314194,
0.012226860038936138,
-0.030861536040902138,
0.03791213035583496,
-0.02673831582069397,
-0.08389323949813843,
0.001725006615743041,
0.05937618017196655,
0.025372333824634552,
-0.09365930408239365,
0.11839432269334793,
0.08466470241546631,
0.014337764121592045,
0.012148603796958923,
0.01776694878935814,
0.039656031876802444,
-0.054245635867118835,
-0.014089358039200306,
0.031320810317993164,
0.07800564914941788,
-0.011966885067522526,
-0.00852025393396616,
-0.04945944622159004,
-0.1076132208108902,
-0.01957596465945244,
-0.05269093066453934,
0.10983488708734512,
-0.004188915248960257,
0.008143383078277111,
0.05293911322951317,
0.004653597250580788,
-0.11931099742650986,
0.053754616528749466,
-0.08523185551166534,
-0.10709767788648605,
-0.05418135225772858,
0.024360595270991325,
-0.00819906685501337,
-0.011852983385324478,
-0.0692858174443245,
0.06055660545825958,
-0.006376613862812519,
-0.061047956347465515,
-0.055509936064481735,
0.0768945962190628,
-0.06940821558237076,
0.0054833535104990005,
-0.01122091431170702,
-0.05670180171728134,
-0.026897825300693512,
-0.05196841433644295,
0.05405251681804657,
0.08543771505355835,
0.046499915421009064,
-0.003343248274177313,
-0.015822025015950203,
-0.0063597895205020905,
-0.036854591220617294,
0.030601516366004944,
-0.06293686479330063,
-0.040376875549554825,
-0.022162972018122673,
-0.061657894402742386,
0.05464424192905426,
0.0911722183227539,
0.03936395421624184,
0.055214472115039825,
0.028653498739004135,
0.059783149510622025,
0.0026746338699012995,
0.03434799239039421,
-0.0782482922077179,
-0.04068204388022423,
0.031294550746679306,
0.02959543839097023,
0.02670227363705635,
-0.006510064471513033,
0.029472671449184418,
-0.048061735928058624,
-0.05741032958030701,
0.018572762608528137,
-0.028783677145838737,
0.006324417889118195,
0.06004788354039192,
0.060615986585617065,
-0.07473307847976685,
-0.039215072989463806,
-0.011021298356354237,
0.04210570082068443,
0.04628809168934822,
-0.008663949556648731,
0.11361443251371384,
-0.026955079287290573,
-0.03490903228521347,
0.010028828866779804,
-0.08906335383653641,
-0.01921170763671398,
0.02366902492940426,
0.015268009155988693,
-0.003006287384778261,
0.012181543745100498,
-0.018916189670562744,
-0.0027138597797602415,
6.956877523277665e-33,
-0.04783135652542114,
0.01287596020847559,
-0.063684843480587,
0.033443983644247055,
0.05753159150481224,
-0.022810431197285652,
-0.026006318628787994,
-0.047962162643671036,
0.041058968752622604,
0.0038693035021424294,
-0.03169602155685425,
-0.029462330043315887,
-0.04332633689045906,
-0.04274177551269531,
-0.044077884405851364,
-0.04271138831973076,
0.07138073444366455,
0.08432614803314209,
-0.04999130219221115,
-0.06017913669347763,
0.06923894584178925,
-0.008665339089930058,
-0.020983034744858742,
-0.05504978820681572,
0.1017444059252739,
0.0651000514626503,
-0.07321653515100479,
-0.022852305322885513,
0.015223969705402851,
0.011492731980979443,
0.051407359540462494,
0.01494910940527916,
0.017916183918714523,
0.03048597276210785,
0.0029617869295179844,
-0.029894983395934105,
-0.028189871460199356,
0.024716122075915337,
-0.06178170070052147,
-0.08504311740398407,
-0.0016943857772275805,
0.032369039952754974,
-0.029825547710061073,
0.08599327504634857,
0.08308779448270798,
-0.13714435696601868,
0.049761414527893066,
0.012533052824437618,
0.02994750440120697,
0.03005131147801876,
-0.00010535005276324227,
0.037574756890535355,
-0.02522052265703678,
-0.037637438625097275,
-0.059703927487134933,
-0.048404913395643234,
0.06403231620788574,
0.00039108566124923527,
0.02766515500843525,
-0.00502471299842,
0.1076529398560524,
0.14734311401844025,
-0.036721374839544296,
-0.01847389154136181,
0.07559109479188919,
-0.03630425035953522,
0.014316284097731113,
0.017948750406503677,
0.04308433085680008,
-0.0034219122026115656,
-0.002518272493034601,
0.0017360527999699116,
0.002855308586731553,
-0.00043059440213255584,
0.020287126302719116,
-0.050732336938381195,
0.008935407735407352,
-0.023329127579927444,
0.005524633452296257,
-0.06742951273918152,
-0.018841996788978577,
0.0047929235734045506,
-0.06579522788524628,
-0.016279829666018486,
-0.060913488268852234,
-0.08159294724464417,
0.0807780772447586,
0.05422203615307808,
-0.025264250114560127,
-0.014932178892195225,
-0.01061294972896576,
-0.05756155401468277,
-0.0800100713968277,
0.001312588225118816,
0.011156528256833553,
-6.02217106793583e-33,
0.009612822905182838,
0.03304138407111168,
-0.04568909481167793,
-0.029667625203728676,
-0.06713199615478516,
-0.032354746013879776,
0.025251299142837524,
-0.0025831323582679033,
0.061725642532110214,
-0.01704421453177929,
-0.028726505115628242,
0.0512910820543766,
0.03277212381362915,
0.021868441253900528,
-0.026048658415675163,
0.040111884474754333,
-0.029949093237519264,
0.02675316482782364,
-0.16681715846061707,
-0.05770222097635269,
0.02733401581645012,
0.0681779533624649,
-0.08201742172241211,
0.022579772397875786,
-0.13306719064712524,
0.05729798972606659,
-0.027110008522868156,
0.00655496446415782,
0.06045084074139595,
-0.07873651385307312,
-0.04850069805979729,
0.007298273965716362,
-0.0243989210575819,
0.056078869849443436,
-0.04518505930900574,
-0.08629303425550461,
0.014863054268062115,
0.06034855917096138,
-0.03592810034751892,
0.01647372543811798,
0.06504308432340622,
0.06006701663136482,
-0.10590991377830505,
0.06524185091257095,
-0.056358497589826584,
-0.051635272800922394,
0.026937592774629593,
-0.0375354140996933,
0.13778187334537506,
-0.00023555329244118184,
-0.02086755819618702,
-0.06367842853069305,
0.01994904689490795,
0.019994553178548813,
0.048961494117975235,
0.07730288803577423,
0.03320244699716568,
-0.0202790554612875,
-0.06956016272306442,
0.01857306808233261,
0.09380096197128296,
0.07252199202775955,
0.0004009145777672529,
0.001036953297443688,
0.05366641655564308,
-0.018025076016783714,
0.021527543663978577,
0.08246173709630966,
0.013563452288508415,
-0.018696893006563187,
0.008220776915550232,
0.03931006044149399,
-0.0009811813943088055,
-0.02851858362555504,
0.017441198229789734,
-0.03163841739296913,
-0.039253346621990204,
0.0317658856511116,
-0.01645711064338684,
0.004358844831585884,
-0.03265007212758064,
0.005491858813911676,
-0.012837306596338749,
0.026506608352065086,
0.12960584461688995,
-0.10671397298574448,
0.04284920170903206,
0.010844332166016102,
0.04082917794585228,
-0.01087449211627245,
-0.05475528910756111,
-0.047645751386880875,
0.007157604675740004,
0.08891173452138901,
-0.051753003150224686,
-5.773589606405949e-8,
-0.006889921613037586,
0.06877321749925613,
-0.015330332331359386,
0.07627493888139725,
0.04600512981414795,
-0.050792090594768524,
0.045451678335666656,
0.08200079947710037,
-0.0009620404453016818,
0.007247823290526867,
0.006315306760370731,
0.021760618314146996,
-0.052052367478609085,
-0.004640917293727398,
0.05919165164232254,
-0.023269183933734894,
-0.06518366932868958,
-0.0484750010073185,
-0.016473857685923576,
-0.03340860828757286,
-0.007323828525841236,
-0.11083906888961792,
-0.03210858255624771,
-0.0018106575589627028,
-0.023220641538500786,
0.006955279968678951,
0.03276331350207329,
0.10477480292320251,
-0.004236987791955471,
0.03914405778050423,
0.07161109894514084,
0.006507020443677902,
-0.04234372451901436,
0.024526340886950493,
0.028535708785057068,
0.05906788632273674,
0.01131727360188961,
0.04844025894999504,
-0.04080737382173538,
0.11119968444108963,
-0.022867146879434586,
-0.04040107876062393,
-0.017180319875478745,
0.06697147339582443,
0.07057253271341324,
0.011878054589033127,
-0.13046276569366455,
-0.030521538108587265,
0.010051731951534748,
-0.02817067690193653,
-0.017527952790260315,
-0.024132220074534416,
-0.01569286547601223,
0.07682032883167267,
0.009811993688344955,
0.07869052141904831,
0.015445754863321781,
0.027933655306696892,
0.014187674038112164,
0.049233414232730865,
0.05146843567490578,
-0.019820744171738625,
0.014090964570641518,
-0.031233079731464386
] | {
"pdf_file": "4L35CSXFUATM7UTMSDUPULOT54HTIGRP.pdf",
"text": "0523379\n0053810\nWaste Site Reclassification Form\nDate Submitted: \t5/122000 Operable Unit(s): \t200-TW-2 Control Number. \t2000-049\nOriginator \tCharlie Shipler Waste Site ID: \t 200-W48\nPhone: \t 372-2644 Type of Reclassification Action:\nRejected\nClosed-Out \t O\nNo Action \t Q\nThis form documents agreement among the parties listed below authorizing classification of the subject\nunit as rejected, closed-out, or no action and authorizing backfill of the site, if appropriate. Final removal\nfrom the NPL of no action or closed-out sites will occur at a future date.\nDescription of current waste site condition:\nThe site was a self-contained conex box with a spill berm, reported to be approximately 25 meters (75 feet) west of the 241-TX Tank Farm.\nThe box has been removed.\nx\np }a \t $ 'D11\nEDWIC\nBasis for mclassillicatlon:\nWAC 173-303 .630(10) requires that at closure, all dangerous waste and dangerous waste residues be removed from the containment system.\nHowever, there are no documentation requirements for this closure, and thus no mferenceable records for older pads. For many of these\nolder pads, the exact locations were not recorded and cannot be reliably re-examined at this time. By analysis of the spill response standard\noperating procedu \tand interviews with the spill response coordinator, documentation of closure of these 90 Day Storage Arch an be re\nrecreated.\nAccording to J. Calmer (July 31, 2000), spill response and reporting coordinator, there have been no releases to the environment from 90-\nDay pads. The HNF-PRO-453 Spill and Release Reporting procedure covers cleaning up releases and entering release sites, where releases\ncannot be immediately cleaned up due to the location of the release or the decision nude to clean up the site at a Inver date, as part of the\nOperable Unit. if the release is to be cleaned up as part of the Operable Unit, then it is required that the release site and material released be\nadded to an existing Operable Unit WIDS site or a new WIDS site created and enured into the dam base. Mt. Cumer is not aware of my\nspills or releases onto 90 Day Storage Pads, that have not been cleaned up immediately, waste managed properly and then disposed of per\nstate and federal requirements. All releases have been handled per the HNF-PR0453 Spill and Release Reporting procedure. The releases\nato 90 Day Storage Pads that had been reported internally to the spill response office were small leaks from containers that had been\ncleaned up; none of then releases migrated out of the connex box (90 Day Pad) and into the will column or \tvironment. Thu, all evidence\nH4ROL0 f 5T$FFn11n aFL- \t V,\t Z\nDOE Project Manager \t Signature \t Date\nEcology Projed Manager \t Signature \t Date\nEPA Project Manager \t Signature \t Date"
} |
[
0.04296528175473213,
0.024943040683865547,
0.06202106922864914,
-0.015203855000436306,
0.03459558263421059,
0.06500810384750366,
0.03199051693081856,
0.01761411875486374,
-0.11121652275323868,
-0.02833220176398754,
0.04319336637854576,
0.07869281619787216,
-0.061512965708971024,
-0.02375253103673458,
-0.036984093487262726,
0.06883621215820312,
0.032194435596466064,
0.03001938946545124,
-0.043364062905311584,
0.04229765012860298,
0.001495623611845076,
0.022550679743289948,
-0.08481499552726746,
-0.028735533356666565,
0.05997568368911743,
-0.032825011759996414,
-0.039650991559028625,
-0.017970845103263855,
-0.056308016180992126,
-0.07270941883325577,
0.02923244796693325,
0.011679398827254772,
-0.005310589913278818,
0.07726659625768661,
0.08657410740852356,
0.09348006546497345,
0.08097459375858307,
0.018385181203484535,
0.03429702669382095,
0.046434152871370316,
0.03118947707116604,
-0.044235363602638245,
-0.07451827824115753,
-0.04474896937608719,
-0.01807207055389881,
-0.029555916786193848,
0.017217950895428658,
-0.11987367272377014,
-0.013227290473878384,
-0.0267117191106081,
0.01573750004172325,
0.040630996227264404,
-0.01848538964986801,
0.013628970831632614,
-0.00968240574002266,
-0.10136972367763519,
-0.08181481063365936,
-0.031810589134693146,
0.009105555713176727,
0.006409627851098776,
0.027813060209155083,
-0.11076642572879791,
0.05207293853163719,
-0.014654895290732384,
0.01341094821691513,
0.0612003430724144,
-0.007588752079755068,
-0.13511434197425842,
-0.14298011362552643,
-0.08252548426389694,
-0.03882425278425217,
0.009821400046348572,
-0.059911664575338364,
0.02130231447517872,
-0.017249176278710365,
-0.08763282001018524,
0.008121412247419357,
0.08686578273773193,
0.04825231432914734,
-0.0489058755338192,
0.007954350672662258,
0.08818769454956055,
-0.09027034789323807,
0.02991056814789772,
-0.06403013318777084,
0.013738400302827358,
0.014483216218650341,
-0.04617718607187271,
0.11607103049755096,
-0.010647137649357319,
0.027915414422750473,
0.005572721362113953,
-0.048910997807979584,
-0.02722788415849209,
-0.004622987937182188,
-0.06756708025932312,
-0.00761856883764267,
-0.05137423425912857,
-0.04968573898077011,
0.02224992774426937,
0.08400245755910873,
0.1148771420121193,
0.05171969160437584,
-0.059472255408763885,
0.03686344996094704,
0.015690546482801437,
0.05966087803244591,
0.05568328872323036,
0.017037011682987213,
0.0156811885535717,
-0.021419396623969078,
0.058705635368824005,
0.0009004581952467561,
0.004667193163186312,
-0.04633612185716629,
0.011144745163619518,
0.012725729495286942,
-0.028504056856036186,
0.02082393318414688,
0.01826135441660881,
0.034060459583997726,
0.09039448946714401,
0.002269068732857704,
-0.09196440130472183,
0.1040690541267395,
0.02477100118994713,
-0.07344557344913483,
-5.673323282862146e-34,
0.06743994355201721,
0.11503440141677856,
0.03225954994559288,
0.0009667461854405701,
0.04061746224761009,
-0.0126569252461195,
0.059944022446870804,
-0.04198135808110237,
-0.0955333560705185,
0.0077484590001404285,
-0.08591686189174652,
0.02531438320875168,
0.069284588098526,
0.012718803249299526,
0.012456751428544521,
0.002590316580608487,
-0.033218178898096085,
0.002653122879564762,
-0.032269325107336044,
-0.002939087338745594,
-0.0006285416311584413,
0.012113811448216438,
0.029827596619725227,
0.019015923142433167,
-0.09877779334783554,
-0.06245569884777069,
0.048625778406858444,
0.020501581951975822,
0.00730269867926836,
0.01880495622754097,
-0.03072458505630493,
0.0638313889503479,
0.08684258908033371,
-0.018997738137841225,
-0.03816981986165047,
0.046888355165719986,
-0.03631226345896721,
-0.028043698519468307,
-0.011339389719069004,
-0.08753305673599243,
0.008216538466513157,
0.11593088507652283,
0.04238560423254967,
-0.05592300742864609,
-0.03202551230788231,
-0.034727029502391815,
0.0500926747918129,
0.06965115666389465,
0.02948266640305519,
-0.0028232443146407604,
0.00909433327615261,
0.012388222850859165,
0.044970132410526276,
-0.03175358846783638,
0.008393692784011364,
-0.05161139741539955,
-0.010684289038181305,
-0.046114567667245865,
-0.012210385873913765,
-0.0036590162198990583,
-0.006250958424061537,
-0.04024099186062813,
-0.031978048384189606,
0.050856541842222214,
-0.030909093096852303,
0.009110908024013042,
0.0178424883633852,
0.04967990890145302,
-0.0041566393338143826,
-0.005793197080492973,
0.05137396231293678,
-0.03395930305123329,
0.03380778431892395,
-0.03125270456075668,
-0.021993456408381462,
0.05355563014745712,
0.010311582125723362,
-0.03649121895432472,
0.03675378859043121,
-0.09115161746740341,
-0.024707026779651642,
-0.07677046954631805,
0.04146198555827141,
-0.054946620017290115,
0.0030427384190261364,
-0.02167626842856407,
0.05778943747282028,
0.010590827092528343,
-0.022590164095163345,
-0.07584775984287262,
-0.03539157286286354,
0.05501113459467888,
-0.008988844230771065,
-0.03136054798960686,
0.008942726068198681,
-7.308238019361728e-34,
-0.018172582611441612,
0.022997435182332993,
-0.008163122460246086,
-0.027164766564965248,
0.0004756590642500669,
0.02601011097431183,
0.06635535508394241,
-0.04903322085738182,
-0.06103935092687607,
0.022242849692702293,
-0.05580725148320198,
-0.01546940952539444,
-0.0023026829585433006,
-0.01317306887358427,
-0.02181757241487503,
-0.0056396229192614555,
0.06271940469741821,
-0.04891107603907585,
0.07660011202096939,
-0.03443794324994087,
0.029128890484571457,
0.15594999492168427,
0.015109207481145859,
0.12848319113254547,
0.013752023689448833,
0.06309808790683746,
-0.01755683310329914,
-0.022791629657149315,
-0.02338019199669361,
-0.05451234057545662,
-0.031026868149638176,
0.040554653853178024,
-0.033472996205091476,
0.09395059943199158,
0.05090392008423805,
-0.013205204159021378,
-0.05964268743991852,
-0.055599771440029144,
0.042649537324905396,
-0.03510890156030655,
0.028295550495386124,
-0.03001023642718792,
0.0034271585755050182,
0.02162848226726055,
-0.019467361271381378,
-0.021947093307971954,
0.005473502445966005,
-0.030565977096557617,
-0.09004192054271698,
-0.003522091079503298,
-0.024312883615493774,
0.0047514671459794044,
-0.009944098070263863,
0.06325783580541611,
-0.013431424275040627,
0.11421778798103333,
0.01288747601211071,
-0.019311590120196342,
-0.0249563530087471,
0.009722253307700157,
-0.061230484396219254,
0.029650770127773285,
0.0046200877986848354,
0.02410135790705681,
0.012771581299602985,
0.008897568099200726,
0.038167085498571396,
-0.07644283771514893,
0.03866235911846161,
-0.07354886084794998,
0.016387799754738808,
-0.04086397960782051,
0.060521166771650314,
-0.04890833795070648,
-0.09244154393672943,
0.02078521065413952,
0.01684025675058365,
0.00806476641446352,
-0.07418785989284515,
0.02652428112924099,
0.06975099444389343,
-0.11521045118570328,
-0.00646654237061739,
-0.030507100746035576,
-0.014957782812416553,
-0.06589317321777344,
0.008293342776596546,
-0.013897605240345001,
-0.03958703950047493,
0.11316750198602676,
-0.14999248087406158,
0.06552648544311523,
0.07145094126462936,
0.047565679997205734,
0.04462800174951553,
-4.950919318957858e-8,
0.03814701735973358,
-0.02307891473174095,
-0.10689149796962738,
0.07340075075626373,
-0.08133523911237717,
-0.05017948895692825,
-0.07988561689853668,
0.06728024035692215,
-0.042559195309877396,
0.10910569876432419,
0.10201665759086609,
-0.016781777143478394,
-0.009432114660739899,
0.103050597012043,
0.019902871921658516,
0.02822284586727619,
0.0005183843313716352,
0.0339798703789711,
-0.05209384858608246,
0.03970378264784813,
0.02286575175821781,
0.013907182961702347,
-0.00582423061132431,
0.02111813612282276,
0.028753923252224922,
-0.0573572963476181,
-0.0014174904208630323,
0.10834788531064987,
-0.04710615426301956,
-0.11334533989429474,
0.03492850810289383,
0.0874040350317955,
-0.05155675485730171,
0.018232911825180054,
-0.07233036309480667,
0.06403594464063644,
-0.018027903512120247,
0.05067155510187149,
0.07229578495025635,
0.0026620319113135338,
-0.026576079428195953,
-0.025093166157603264,
-0.03080354817211628,
-0.044893138110637665,
-0.07211596518754959,
-0.039643678814172745,
-0.10927654057741165,
-0.02222549170255661,
0.012255149893462658,
-0.0023640731815248728,
-0.005944935604929924,
0.012726632878184319,
0.06219043210148811,
-0.05741182714700699,
0.021481582894921303,
0.01760156638920307,
0.0034754665102809668,
-0.03174524009227753,
0.03431125730276108,
-0.05659645050764084,
-0.0021003244910389185,
-0.007116210181266069,
-0.017968622967600822,
0.017260070890188217
] | {
"pdf_file": "PAIBACOWVNIBH2EKAYW2MNBGVVVNI3KH.pdf",
"text": "Altmire Votes for Small Business Tax Relief\n (Washington, DC)- Today, Rep. Jason Altmire (PA-4), a member of the Small Business\nCommittee and Chairman of the Subcommittee on Investigations and Oversight, voted to\nprovide $1.3 billion in tax cuts to our nation's small businesses. The Small Business Tax Relief\nAct (H.R. 976) will help stimulate the American economy by allowing small businesses to grow\nand hire new workers. This measure would extend and expand tax provisions to allow small\nbusinesses to more easily afford large capital expenses and to promote the hiring of\ndisadvantaged workers, including veterans. \n \n The Congress voted to pass H.R. 976 this afternoon by a vote of 360 to 45. \n \n "This tax relief will help the 270,000 small businesses in western Pennsylvania to\ndo what they do best-create jobs and strengthen our local economy," said Rep.\nAltmire.\n"The Small Business Tax Relief Act is a bipartisan effort to help small businesses\nmeet the challenges of a global economy, remain competitive and profitable, and invest\nin the new technologies and equipment they need."\n \n \n H.R. 976 includes several provisions that will help small businesses by: \n \n - Extending the Work Opportunity Tax Credit (WOTC)-which provides incentives to\nemployers to hire individuals from targeted groups that frequently experience barriers to\nwork-for one year and expands it to cover disabled veterans; \n - Allowing businesses to continue claiming the full tip credit on Social Security taxes despite\nany increase in the federal minimum wage; and \n - Simplifying tax filing requirements for businesses owned jointly by husbands and wives,\nand ensuring that small businesses are fully able to claim the WOTC and tip credit against AMT\nliability. \n \n \n \n 1 / 1"
} |
[
-0.011645923368632793,
-0.008505630306899548,
-0.0029511183965951204,
0.029615653678774834,
-0.001321183517575264,
-0.032199423760175705,
-0.12508264183998108,
-0.049176961183547974,
-0.024343227967619896,
-0.05023673549294472,
0.08747916668653488,
-0.05936875194311142,
0.006139915902167559,
-0.007162272464483976,
0.030547352507710457,
-0.05002216249704361,
-0.03275397792458534,
-0.019238600507378578,
-0.0419815331697464,
-0.0780513659119606,
0.03194814175367355,
0.03111041709780693,
-0.0291445329785347,
-0.013554430566728115,
-0.07134920358657837,
-0.051543161273002625,
0.1138165295124054,
-0.061652421951293945,
-0.059174854308366776,
-0.028855156153440475,
-0.01960594765841961,
-0.0032934946939349174,
-0.052628081291913986,
0.011205957271158695,
0.09366842359304428,
0.13117343187332153,
-0.009411212988197803,
0.01595338061451912,
0.08132351189851761,
0.02611386403441429,
-0.05905035883188248,
-0.13529649376869202,
0.07219337671995163,
-0.0979270339012146,
0.053205665200948715,
-0.021783631294965744,
-0.06385155022144318,
-0.07730848342180252,
0.008436783216893673,
-0.05532858148217201,
0.03688701242208481,
0.006603187881410122,
0.041227471083402634,
-0.00594180915504694,
-0.026370102539658546,
-0.007564871106296778,
-0.023543190211057663,
0.03029543347656727,
-0.056331805884838104,
-0.02873295173048973,
0.05125714838504791,
0.05282929167151451,
0.03057827241718769,
-0.062333930283784866,
-0.01421925239264965,
-0.05303420498967171,
0.0462920255959034,
0.02449328452348709,
0.012306158430874348,
-0.022954154759645462,
0.01743091642856598,
-0.044882431626319885,
-0.030815700069069862,
0.007580154109746218,
0.06791608035564423,
-0.045135099440813065,
-0.03145058453083038,
0.08144313097000122,
0.07769077271223068,
-0.04140083119273186,
0.09036014974117279,
0.048848625272512436,
-0.04043806716799736,
-0.0039963931776583195,
-0.11490622162818909,
0.03273117169737816,
-0.019475365057587624,
0.029450735077261925,
-0.01763763837516308,
-0.003602653043344617,
0.03704274445772171,
-0.05682598054409027,
-0.03401193022727966,
0.059638019651174545,
0.005894738249480724,
-0.04416339099407196,
0.0017101465491577983,
0.07039783895015717,
-0.025888793170452118,
0.024414842948317528,
-0.015811990946531296,
0.06108730286359787,
-0.034262724220752716,
-0.036839790642261505,
-0.06392614543437958,
0.001984268194064498,
0.049848392605781555,
0.059764470905065536,
0.10006551444530487,
-0.01928277127444744,
-0.06518842279911041,
0.008781280368566513,
-0.09776877611875534,
-0.03856164589524269,
-0.01987498253583908,
-0.024343401193618774,
-0.0014708187663927674,
-0.07641377300024033,
0.030429575592279434,
0.020551376044750214,
0.038681067526340485,
-0.002934968564659357,
-0.06381803750991821,
-0.08135838061571121,
0.0023669726215302944,
-0.07605510950088501,
-0.021676477044820786,
2.480413017393009e-33,
0.09951038658618927,
0.05287648364901543,
0.06655552238225937,
0.012294536456465721,
-0.04571625962853432,
-0.03790554776787758,
-0.020409801974892616,
-0.03440322354435921,
-0.025500275194644928,
-0.09246733784675598,
-0.028394797816872597,
0.05328312888741493,
-0.050395090132951736,
0.003755294717848301,
0.066844142973423,
-0.029501432552933693,
-0.004689485765993595,
0.017790792509913445,
0.017969520762562752,
0.05873715877532959,
-0.04676544666290283,
-0.048579469323158264,
0.021389126777648926,
-0.0421309694647789,
0.09066567569971085,
-0.016196729615330696,
-0.006840983871370554,
-0.0057921926490962505,
0.030462970957159996,
0.049616459757089615,
-0.02708452194929123,
0.01105282362550497,
-0.05250922963023186,
-0.05693061649799347,
-0.05334300547838211,
-0.012433215044438839,
-0.05200826749205589,
-0.013564661145210266,
0.0886162519454956,
-0.004571062978357077,
0.010395110584795475,
0.059725746512413025,
-0.011616066098213196,
0.006883036810904741,
0.005518586840480566,
0.07848039269447327,
0.0761628970503807,
0.13346049189567566,
-0.014439345337450504,
0.02119598723948002,
-0.0801728367805481,
-0.03391805663704872,
-0.004334001801908016,
-0.09671561419963837,
0.03574852645397186,
-0.0620497465133667,
0.06216733902692795,
-0.06429728120565414,
-0.06401925534009933,
-0.022343648597598076,
-0.04577450081706047,
0.030544284731149673,
-0.05809841677546501,
0.09271308779716492,
-0.020823897793889046,
-0.031750138849020004,
-0.03485484793782234,
0.030707377940416336,
0.10759339481592178,
-0.058636389672756195,
-0.0251420047134161,
-0.0565115250647068,
-0.0033641669433563948,
-0.009456667117774487,
0.005269529763609171,
0.021961115300655365,
0.03287958353757858,
0.07597779482603073,
0.0436415933072567,
0.06919586658477783,
-0.024448534473776817,
0.002029377967119217,
-0.01918606646358967,
-0.11022261530160904,
0.06873872131109238,
0.06477358192205429,
0.07818705588579178,
0.0010594676714390516,
0.10300567746162415,
0.06785539537668228,
-0.012276063673198223,
-0.013689176179468632,
-0.02918120287358761,
0.0669950321316719,
0.060133930295705795,
-5.295130383346138e-33,
0.008349072188138962,
0.026876403018832207,
-0.059980981051921844,
-0.0024449871852993965,
0.1221412867307663,
-0.020759217441082,
0.059709854423999786,
0.0012443632585927844,
0.011773182079195976,
-0.09010744839906693,
0.01678529754281044,
-0.02273649536073208,
0.01980028674006462,
0.12467387318611145,
-0.03297679126262665,
0.029396813362836838,
-0.00855607632547617,
0.03735095262527466,
0.03788275271654129,
0.03805868327617645,
0.013434250839054585,
0.020325401797890663,
-0.010835675522685051,
0.00540510518476367,
0.045314475893974304,
-0.0028366860933601856,
-0.13491801917552948,
0.0071433051489293575,
-0.0127271618694067,
0.04832020029425621,
0.06406547129154205,
-0.0035766640212386847,
-0.08610906451940536,
0.13998915255069733,
-0.09498600661754608,
-0.0711614340543747,
0.010701709426939487,
0.007488538511097431,
0.02481931634247303,
0.009327040985226631,
0.06920178979635239,
-0.10643673688173294,
-0.036307256668806076,
-0.0017113321227952838,
-0.024661079049110413,
-0.02805226668715477,
0.03499213978648186,
-0.023435227572917938,
-0.04535641521215439,
-0.12974317371845245,
0.05359832942485809,
0.02746731974184513,
0.035452693700790405,
-0.03826384246349335,
-0.038892555981874466,
0.03821989893913269,
0.0351637564599514,
0.03008873201906681,
-0.035611506551504135,
0.004726206883788109,
0.030402865260839462,
0.06819729506969452,
-0.010578799061477184,
0.07759293168783188,
-0.055121712386608124,
-0.056932829320430756,
0.1586129516363144,
-0.018143415451049805,
0.006440990138798952,
-0.09661134332418442,
0.0029352176934480667,
-0.025008954107761383,
0.05539201572537422,
-0.06183759495615959,
-0.029961243271827698,
-0.024462690576910973,
-0.06553499400615692,
0.017599541693925858,
0.0006336206570267677,
0.045377276837825775,
0.013346444815397263,
-0.006848556455224752,
-0.0039388807490468025,
-0.024847708642482758,
-0.014171396382153034,
0.0508464053273201,
0.06001359224319458,
-0.0027478402480483055,
-0.01749800145626068,
-0.06473105400800705,
-0.1079275831580162,
0.03113720752298832,
-0.04332756996154785,
0.035768184810876846,
0.02806716226041317,
-5.3904393837456155e-8,
0.03321624547243118,
-0.027844222262501717,
-0.024295520037412643,
-0.004099431913346052,
-0.05506768450140953,
-0.0235896073281765,
-0.01966039463877678,
0.022252282127738,
0.05044550821185112,
0.024316897615790367,
-0.058847375214099884,
0.006763962097465992,
0.014434774406254292,
0.029288752004504204,
0.028892863541841507,
-0.00048625218914821744,
-0.004031574819236994,
0.11959023773670197,
-0.0005382239469327033,
-0.055189311504364014,
0.006968611851334572,
-0.03644027188420296,
0.02481835149228573,
-0.04212756082415581,
-0.049483027309179306,
0.046775683760643005,
0.07835911214351654,
0.022104287520051003,
-0.015109951607882977,
-0.03082243911921978,
0.024047913029789925,
-0.04452969878911972,
-0.04544882848858833,
-0.049925513565540314,
0.07643888145685196,
-0.024713527411222458,
0.0046070646494627,
0.00770035944879055,
0.005593948066234589,
-0.0020660110749304295,
-0.031953711062669754,
0.013173915445804596,
-0.01829417236149311,
0.021755822002887726,
0.09354132413864136,
-0.06704015284776688,
-0.07620653510093689,
0.048749249428510666,
-0.007925623096525669,
0.008529642596840858,
-0.02005903795361519,
-0.08670690655708313,
-0.012650925666093826,
-0.0704994946718216,
0.06779752671718597,
0.06480583548545837,
0.04705231636762619,
-0.015672961249947548,
-0.10718810558319092,
0.007626319769769907,
0.059537436813116074,
-0.02504228614270687,
0.004996394272893667,
0.07236914336681366
] | {
"pdf_file": "YCENQ63SSTK57JODMEMYLIL2VE73QSQH.pdf",
"text": "United Stetes\nand\nThailand\nDevelopment Partnership USAID/Thailand\n1991 Action Plan\n* THAILAND DEVELOPMENT GOALS\n* Sustained Economic Growth\n-Maintain annual economic growth at 9%\n* Broaden the Benefits of Economic Growth\n- Create new jobs and increase incomes\n* Manage the Environment\n- Improve the quality of life and\n- Preserve the environment\n* USAID RESPONSE\ns\n- Human Capital and Technology\n- Environment\n-Private Sector Development\n-Financial Markets\n-1 HUMAN CAPITAL\n1221\nDevelopment Problem:\n Mismatch between large pool of unskilled rural labor with only sixth \ngrade education and the work force needs of the booming modern \nindustrial and service sectors.\n Critical shortages of skilled personnel in areas of engine*, ing, scientific \nand technical disciplines, e.g., petrochemicals, polymers, information \ntechnology, and business management. :\n Limited linkages between high quality university research capability. \nand private sector needs for more technology-intensive products.\n Low private investment in research and development\n4\nUSAID Response;\n U.S.-Thai university linkages in key engineering, technical and business \nsectors, to meet current and future Thai skill needs in technical and \nmanagerial disciplines.\n Cooperative education programs involving Thai students in U.S.\nbusinesses in the U.S. and Thailand; private and public sector initiatives \nto upgrade the labor force.\n Cooperative work-study programs involving U.S. or Thai universities or \nsecondary schools and U.S. or Thai private sector firms or industrial \nassociations, e.g. machine tools.\n Support for STDB's legal establishment as a sustainable institution \nencouraging the commercialization of technology in Thailand.\n U.S-Thai business collaboration promoted through cooperation with the \nState of Maryland, ASACI and Joint U.S.-Thai business organization/ '\n-2 ENVIRONMENT \n1221\nDevelopment Problem;\n Depletion of natural resource base: water, forests, fish, biodiversity.\n Environmental degradation, particularly in urban, industrial and tourist \nareas: air and water pollution; solid, toxic and hazardous waste disposal \nproblems.\n Low public awareness of environmental issues and inadequate policy,\n•»\nlegal arid institutional structure for addressing them.\n RTG has thus designated environmental action as one of three goals \nunder 7th 5-Year Plan.\nUSAID Response:\n- Generate and disseminate information to educate the public and \nRTG on critical environment/natural resource (ENR) issues relating \nto urban, industrial and tourism growth and biodiversity \nconservation, e.g. TV series sponsored by FTI. \nAssist RTG to formulate and implement policies and regulations \nparticularly re air and water pollution, e.g. TDRI/HIID policy \nprogram, that led to adoption of \"Polluter Must Pay\" principle. \nStrengthen RTG staff capability .(including provincial/municipal \nstaff) to analyze and address ENR issues\nIn selected tourist/industrial sites, assist local authorities and private \nfirms to install appropriate environmental infrastructure and \nprovide needed services in solid waste disposal systems, waste water \ntreatment, hazardous waste control systems. __' _..' \n3- FACILITATING PRIVATE SECTOR CONTRIBUTIONS\nTO GROWTH WITH EQUITY\n1221\nDevelopment Problem;\n- Despite rapid economic growth emanating largely from the modern \nindustrial and service sectors, more than half the Thai labor force still \nderives its income from traditional agriculture. As a result, agricultural \nlabor productivity is low and income disparities are widening, even while \nskilled and semi-skilled labor shortages hamper industrial/service \ncompetitiveness in the world economy.\n- Overly centralized political and economic decbion-making processes do \nnot adequately reflect the views of rural farmers, urban labor or other \nlargely disfranchised groups. Moreover, the political system lacks \nstrong democratic institutions to balance the power of vested interests \nover the longer term.\nUS AID Response:\n- Facilitate U.S. investment in Thailand to create jobs, expand income \nopportunities (particularly outside Bangkok) and address continuing \n* development problems, e.g. environmental infrastructure, and \nopportunities, e.g. agribusiness. (JUST Business, ASACI, Maryland, etc.)\n--. Through U.S. PVOs, strengthen institutional capacity of elected national \nand local government to participate effectively in public policy debate, \ne.g., TAP grant.\n~ Through U.S. PVOs, increase the institutional, analytical and\ncommunication capabilities of private advocacy groups, particularly \nthose representative of environmental, and democratic interests, . *7 k \ne.g., PACT, AAFLI, and those addressing the AIDs epidemic, e.g. PATH, \nPDA.\n4- FINANCIAL MARKETS AND INFRASTRUCTURE FINANCE\nmi\nDevelopment Problem;\n- Massive shortfall of power, telecommunications, transport and\nenvironmental infrastructure requires substantial private investment \nin light of continuing cap on foreign public borrowing.\n- Lack of long-term debt instruments, particularly at the municipal level, to \nmobilize investment for infrastructure.\n- Stock Exchange of Thailand (SET) has limited ability to manage \ntransaction clearances and settlements, share registration and \nself-regulation, and limited product line (no bonds or futures markets).\nUSA1D Response:\n- Municipal/provincial environmental infrastructure projects identified, \nfacilitated by USAID with involvement by U.S. A&E firms, equipment \nmanufacturers and investment bankers, e.g. waste management, waste \nwater treatment, hazardous waste control\n- Assistance to RTG by U.S. investment firms for management of funds \ngenerated under recently enacted Social Security legislation.\n- Several small privatizations with U.S. investment bankers involved in \nmanaging the financial package.\n- Bond issue underwritten by U.S. investment bankers, e.g. for power sector\ninvestments. \n.-- Linkages between SET and U.S. exchanges, e.g. New York Stock\nExchange and Chicago Board of Trade, to improve SET efficiency,\nexpand product line to include futures markets.\n- Linkages between U.S. and Thai organizations to upgrade skills of Thai \ninvestment professionals, e.g., Chartered Financial Analyst Program:\n-5- PARTNERSHIP AND TRANSACTIONS\n* PARTNERSHIP The approach will be to identify Thai \ndevelopment problems and issues, then seek solutions with \nU.S. expertise, know-how, technology, private sector services \nand investment.\n* TRANSACTIONS The focus will be on outcomes in each \narea of emphasis--human capital and technology, \nenvironment, private sector development and financial \nmarkets. USAID will seek to structure a limited number of \ntransactions that address the issues or problems in a way \nthat builds synergism among USAID programs.\n-6 TRANSACTIONS\nCRITERIA\nSEEK AND MATCH—Identify Thai problems and issues\nI •\nwhere U.S. has expertise and comparative advantage. ;\n* *\nACCESS—Seek a specific solution among a broad array of \nU.S. interests; induce competition.\nLEVERAGE—Insist on a multiple of USAID funds. A $ 1 of \nUSAID funds should generate significant additional monies.\nSUSTAINABILITY—Identify cost sharing, fees, and revenue \nstreams early on. USAID is the catalyst, not the financier.\nPERFORMANCE CONTRACTING—Charge contractors with \noutcomes: deals, transactions and agreements. Not reports.\n-7 HUMAN CAPITAL AND TECHNOLOGY\n** Oudaiojgkorn College of Petroleum Chemistry and Polymers\nThe Chulalongkorn University Petrochemical College envisions a \ncollaborative effort with American universities to create a Southeast Asian \nprogram of excellence in polymer sciences and petrochemistry. The college \nwould produce about 40 graduate MSc. degrees per year, of which one third \nwould be from other southeast asian countries. The program will bz \nself-supporting based on a high tuition, university budgets and petroleum and \npolymer industry participation. U.S. based petroleum and chemical \ncompanies are expected to support the College for their manpower needs, \nresearch and development, as well as a setting in which to showcase their \nproducts. The University is currently investing $4.2 million for construction \nof a building to house the college.\n** Association for Manufacturing Technology\nRapid growth of manufacturing in Thailand has generated strong \ndemand for machine tools and qualified labor to support this growth. U.S. \nmachine tool technology is highly valued but U.S. market share is low despite \ncompetitive prices and good products. The U.S. Association for \nManufacturing Technology has been actively seeking ways to increase the \nU.S. market share and is developing a program proposal which would \nacquaint and train Thais on U.S. machine tools and controls and position U.S. \ncompanies to participate in this fast-growing sector. U.S. firms have already \npledged the donation of high-value equipment and training in a joint program \nwith Thai training institutes. Tuition and industry contributions would make \nthe program sustainable. . . . __\" ,,J k\n-8- **Cooperative Education Program\nThailand's higher educational system needs to produce a highly qualified \nlabor force to meet the needs of the economy but much of the training is too \nacademic, especially in technical and engineering fields. Cooperative \neducation opportunities to help bridge this gap are limited in Thailand. \nNortheastern University, with a long record of successful cooperative \neducation programs, wishes to establish a pilot program which would allow \nup to 20 Thai students in the United States to undertake an internship (for \nacademic credit) with American companies with operations in Thailand. The \nprogram addresses a need for a responsive work force and stronger, !\n* %\nsustainable ties to U.S. academic institutions and companies active in the \nregional economy. U.S. businesses in Thailand are particularly interested in \nthis program to help meet skills needs and are willing to bear the costs for the \ninternships. The program could be expanded to include more U.S. and Thai \nuniversities. USAID assistance would help with costs of administering the \npilot program, including matching of students and employers and program \nevaluation.\n** Information Technology Center (JTO at Chulalongkorn University\nThe ITC will grant undergraduate and graduate degrees in computer science \nand information technology. In support of this program, the university is \ninvesting in a campus wide computer network and a new, building to house \nthe Center. The project will use the optimal mix of English and Thai \ninstruction and there are plans to expand the network to most of the Thai \nuniversities. Long-term collaboration with U.S. universities for curriculum \ndevelopment, exchange of faculties, and innovative technologies for distance \neducation is desired. There is significant interest among U.S. computer \ncompanies in contributing to this program. USAID contributions-could funcl \nexposure of key staff to state of the art U.S. technology and explore further \nways to facilitate sustainable links to U.S. universities and industries. .\n-9- ** Process and Quality Control Center at a Private University\nU.S. manufacturers need a mechanism to upgrade the statistical quality \ncontrol of Thai component manufacturers. The upgrading should focus on \ngeneral elements of statistical process control and total quality control but \nmay include custom, company-specific consulting and certification \nprocedures. U.S. universities, including the University of Detroit and the \nMilwaukee School of Engineering (MSOE), have expressed interest in a \ncollaborative program in Thailand with one or more private universities. \nSuch a program could include cooperation with a local vocational school to \nupgrade both the management and the work force of companies that wish to \nimprove their Total Quality Control. Potential Thai partner institutions \ninclude Assumption, Rangsit, or the Thai Chamber of Commerce \nUniversities. Such a program would be run on a self-sustaining basis with a \nstrong base of participation by Thai and U.S. industries. USAID funds could \nhelp with the development costs to design curricula, plan for U.S. faculty \nparticipation, and solicit support from private industry.\ni\n** Certification Program in Production god Inventory Control\nRelated to the area of statistical process and total quality control is the \ndemand for stronger capabilities of small and medium manufacturers to plan \nand manage the production process. This is especially important for \nsuppliers which produce components for industries and must meet stringent \ndemands for quality and delivery times. The American Production and \nInventory Control Society (APICS) provides training and certification in the \nkey areas of production planning and management. APICS training \nmaterials (books, videos, interactive computer software) are available to \nconduct qualified training programs in Thailand. The testing and \ncertification process provides a known standard of capability which is •••*• \nbroadly recognized by training institutes and industry.\n-10- Such a program could be managed by APICS certified staff in collaboration \nwith private industries and o local private university which offers an \nindustrial engineering degree. The program would be established as a \nfor-profit business, would fill an important need of industry, and would link \nthe university and industry in a sustainable partnership with an American \nprofessional association. USA1D assistance could help with the start-up costs \nof exchange visits and purchase of some of the course materials.\n** Other Initiatives\nTelecommunications is undergoing phenomenal growth and at least one \nU.S. company is poised to provide training required to support the rapid \nexpansion of telephone infrastructure. USAID is looking at ways to facilitate \nor complement this training, as an area of strong comparative advantage and \nwith liokages to substantial future investment*; in the sector. Most \nemployment opportunities created will be for outside plant technicians, who \nwill be recruited from the ranks of low-skilled workers and provided with \nhigh quality technical training.\nNumerous industry and educational initiatives are centered on areas \noutside of the Bangkok Metropolitan Area. For example, training which \nwould facilitate the transfer of U.S. technology in controlled atmosphere \nprocessing and packaging for agricultural products to extend shelf life could \nstimulate increased trade and investment for fresh produce exports and \nprovide new employment opportunities. USAID support for human capital \nelements in these initiatives could provide a further stimulus to more \nmultipolar development and bring benefits to rural areas which have not \nshared equitably in the economic expansion.\n-11- ENVIRONMENT\n** Chao Phrya River Cleanup\nThe Chai Pattana Foundation (H.M. the King's Development Foundation) has \ncommitted the prestige of the Royal Family to environment, through a \ncampaign to clean-up the country's primary river. This will entail a \nmulti-million dollar long term effort to deal with urban sewerage and \nindustrial waste. The investment in waste water treatment alone is estimated \nto be a billion dollars over an eight to ten year period. The King's ; \nFoundation has asked for short-term assistance to carry out a thorough \nreview of current Thai programs and international experience in waste water \ntreatment and river clean-up and to help formulate policy, regulatory, \ntechnical, and administrative recommendations which will will set the pattern \nfor water quality, not just for Bangkok, but for the entire nation. We are also \nbeing asked to arrange a tour for H.R.H. Crown Princess Sirindthorn, senior \ngovernment and private sector leaders to visit the United States and see first \nhand rivers that have been cleaned up successfully. The short term technical \nassistance and the tour by the Princess and prominent public and private \nsector leaders is an excellent opportunity to influence major decisions that \nwill result in the application of U.S technology, business opportunities for \nequipment manufacturers and the demand for U.S. consulting services.\n+* Hazardous and Toxic Waste Disposal -\nThe National Environment Board (NEB), following from its TDP-funded \n\"National Hazardous Wastes Management Strategy\" (1989), has received \nMANRES support to work with other concerned agencies to prepare a \nNational Action Plan for Hazardous Wastes Management. \" _j k\n-12- The Ministry of Industry, following through on previously agreed \npriorities consistent with the NEB's National Action Plan, is ready to \nproceed with design of four industrial waste water treatment centers and \nfour industrial hazardous waste treatment and disposal centers - all to \nbe under private operators and sustained on n fee-based system. The \nWorld Bank is providing a $700,000 grant for design of a couple of the \nwaste water centers and the Japanese have been approached to provide \nfinancing for another. We have been asked to consider assisting with the \ndesign of one or more of the industrial wast® water or hazardous waste !-%\ncenters. This will be an opportunity to orient designs toward UJS. \ntechnology and open up investment opportunities in an area where the \nU.S. has considerable experience and expertise.\n**Provincial Cities Environmental Initiatives\nAs a result of the World Bank's Regional Cities Project, some 35 urban \ninfrastructure projects have been identified. Both the Department of \nLocal Administration and World Bank are seeking USAID support for \nthe design of six solid waste or waste water treatment facilities. The \ninvestment costs could approach 50 to 75 million dollars. This will be an \nopportunity to influence the design of facilities that will use U.S. \ntechnology and equipment. Since the facilities are to be privately \noperated and sustained on a fee basis, it will result in attractive \nopportunities for U.S. investors.\n-13- ** federation of Thai Industries (FIT)\nUSAID is helping FTI to, inter alia, establish a base of technical information \nregarding American technologies and technical services for industrial \nenvironmental management and to stimulate the production of joint-venture \npollution-control industries in Thailand to serve the Southeast Asia region. \nUnder a planned agreement with the World Environment Center (WEC), \nmajor U.S. manufacturing companies will work with Tuai industries to share \nexpertise and technology. :\n•»\nThese linkages between U.S. industries and their Thai counterparts will \nhopefully result in joint-ventures and other investment opportunities as well \nas the sale of U.S. equipment and material.\n**US.-Thai Energy Conservation\nIn January, 1990 the RTG National Energy Administration (NEA) developed \nan energy conservation plan for the industrial, commercial, and residential \nsectors. NEA expects that the National Energy Conservation Act will be \npassed in a few weeks by the new Thai Government. The Act calls for the \nestablishment of testing facilities for materials and equipment, research and \ndevelopment, training of technical staff for energy auditing and enforcement \nof building codes, procuring software and hardware for use in program \nplanning, and design of conservation incentive schemes. NEA has asked \nUSAID to provide one to two person-months of technical assistance to develop \na 3-5 year action plan, as well as recommend a U.S. entity to assist NEA with \nplanning and implementation of the Act. NEA has $10 million earmarked for \nprocurement of expert services to contract with a U.S. organization such as. \nthe Tennessee Val!ey Authority or the California Energy Commission.\n14- FINANCIAL MARKETS DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM\n** Chartered Financial Analyst Program\nThe members of the Stock Exchange of Thailand recognizing that the quality \nof information and the ethical standards of financial analysts are central to \ninvestor confidence in Thailand's emerging securities market have \napproached the Association for Investment Management and Research \n(AIMR), an American not-for profit organization of 20,000 investment \nprofessionals, to assist in establishing an educational program for financial \nanalysts in Thailand. The program which is managed by the Institute of \nCertified {financial Analysts (ICFA) of the AIMR aims at the development, \nexamination and certification of a level of knowledge prescribed for high \neducational standards in the application of the investment decision making \nprocess. The Securities Analysts Association (SAA) of Thailand with \nassistance from USAID will enter Into an agreement with AIMR/ICFA to \ndevelop a three level certification process. Candidates who pass the level IH \nexamination will receive the coveted Chartered Financial Analyst (CFA) \ndesignation. The ICFA will assist in curriculum design, candidate \npreparation, examinations, examination grading, initial staffing and study \nmaterials.\n** Stock Exchange of Thailand Technical Exchange Program With\n*\nThe New York Stock Exchange And Other U.S. Financial Institutions\nThe management of the Stock Exchange of Thailand (SET) has requested \nUSAID assistance in establishing a program of technical exchange with the \nNew York Stock Exchange (NYSE) and other U.S. securities industry \ninstitutions. The SET until the Gulf conflict was among the fastest growing \nexchanges in the world. The next boom cycle will outstrip the SET'S capacity \nto handle share and other transactions. The SET has requested assistance in \nmodernization of its clearance, settlements and custody of securities \nprocedures.\n15- As a self regulated market, like the NYSE, the SET would like a technical \nexchange with the NYSE on trading surveillance and market regulation. Also \nthe SET would like assistance to plan for sophisticated risk management tools \nsuch as futures contracts.\n*+ Privatization Fund\nUSA1D in conjunction with APRE/I has initiated discussions with the \nIndustrial Finance Corporation of Thailand (IFCT) to establish a \nPrivatization Fund (Development Facility of Thailand). The Fund would \nprovide guarantees for up to 50 percent of the financing of privatization' \nprojects in Thailand. Projects eligible for access to the facility would range \nfrom divestiture of all or part of a state owned enterprise to start up of a \nprivate enterprise in an area of activity generally undertaken by the public \nsector in the past. The Fund may complement other transactions such as the \nChiang Mai and Phuket solid waste management projects that USAID is \ndeveloping with local governments. These activities would in principle be \neligible for finance from the fund.\n** Asset Management\nProfessional asset management of pooled funds in Thailand is constrained by \nRTG regulations and inexperienced asset managers. Two transactions will \nstart the process of relaxing regulatory constraints and providing an \nopportunity for bringing experienced professional asset .management to bear \non pooled funds in Thailand. The first transaction is a study that will be \nundertaken with the Industrial Finance Corporation of Thailand (IFCT) and \na US. asset management firm to identify pooled funds; examine legal and \nregulatory restrictions on how the funds are invested; analyze present\n•* TU i\nmanagement of pooled funds; and recommend changes that would-improve \nreturns on investment of pooled funds.\n-16- 11 \"I\nThe second transaction is a longer term technical assistance program that \nwould help the tripartite committee (labor, employers and government) that \nhas been tasked to plan and implement Thailand's new national social \ninsurance scheme to formulate and implement an asset management program \nfor the funds generated by the new program. The technical expertise would \nbe drawn from among U.S. professional managers of state pension funds, \nstate government staff responsible for the funds and technical experts that \nadvise them on actuarial and legal aspects of managing the funds.\n** Investment Banking pnd Infrastructure Finance\nDevelopment of active primary and secondary markets for long term debt \ninstruments has been identified as the highest priority for Thai financial \nmarkets in the 1990s. A number of mega transactions are underway with \nwhich US AID has had contact through exploration of possible US AID \nparticipation in feasibility studies and/or training. An outgrowth of these \nexplorations has been preliminary discussions with U.S. participants about \nthe possibility of raising some of the funds required for the investments \nthrough issuing bonds. The bond issues would be facilitated by working with \nRTG committees tasked with bond market development. U.S. companies that \nmight be interested are AT&T, Fluor Daniel, Bechtel, and Black and Veatch; \namong the projects are $6 billion contract for installation of 3 million \ntelephone lines; contracts for $800 million of waste water treatment facilities \nin Bangkok, contracts for 12 private cogeneration facilities of up to 300 \nmegawatts each.\n-17- < I., s\nSPECIAL, WORKING GROUPS-I/\n** Chiaog Mai and Phukct Solid Waste Management Double digit growth \nhas resulted in environmental problems that are particularly severe in tourist \ndestinations. Pollution in Chiang Mai and Phuket have threatened their \nrespective cultural and natural resource bases which have fueled rapid \ndevelopment. Both municipalities cite solid waste collection and disposal as \ntheir number one environmental problem and quickly concede that they \ncannot sustain growth without addressing this problem. Both municipalities \nalso look to the private sector to replace their inadequate municipal services \nand greatly respect American technologies and management Initial \ninvestment could range from $10.0 to $20.0 million. Given this opportunity, \nUSAID will: (a) provide technical assistance to both cities to develop action \nplans, prepare tender documents and evaluate responses, and develop \nrevenue streams following the \"polluter pays\" principle; and (b) ensure \nmaximum US private sector participation in the competitive selection process.\n** Bangkok Waste Water Treatment With over 8 million people, Bangkok \nis one of the world's largest cities without a sewerage system. Rapid economic \ngrowth and intensified land use have made traditional disposal methods \nunreliable and created unsustainable environmental conditions. Yet the costs \nof building a sewerage system from scratch are immense. A USAID study \nsuggested private financing for and operation of waste water collection aud \ntreatment systems. The government has accepted this and is now in the \nprocess of soliciting private interest in constructing and operating a system \nfor 220 sq. km. of the inner city with a population of 2.6 million and an \nestimated capital cost of $800 million. Given this opportunity USAID will \nfollow a similar approach to municipal solid waste management in providing \ntechnical services to the Bangkok municipality to prepare and evaluate tender \ndocuments and ensure maximum US private sector participation iiTthe \nprocess of selecting a concessionaire. c. 1 I\nI I 't\n** Private Power Rapid industrialization, tourism growth and \nmodernization have placed great demands on the electricity supply in \nThailand. EGAT, the state-owned electricity generating authority, which had \na comfortable reserve margin just a few years ago, now strains to keep up \nwith demand. The government cap on foreign borrowings cannot \naccommodate the estimated $1 billion annual capital costs of new generating \ncapacity. Consequently, private solutions have been explored, with USAID \nsupport. In the first major breakthrough, the government has agreed to \nallow private firms to cogenerate and sell private power. In the first such\n* •\ninstance, a 250 MW plant costing $250 million, will be erected and all three \nfirms in the bidding have US management or ownership. USAID assistance \nwill now focus on: (a) cost sharing feasibility studies for American private \npower investors; and (b) supporting efforts by EGAT to consider other means \nto private operations.\nI/ Suspension of the USAID program following the February 23 military \ncoup is giving our industrial competitors an opportunity to improve their \nstrategic positions in Thailand. The Germans (at the behest of their private \nsector) may step in to assist Bangkok municipality with the private waste \nwater project The Swedes are financing a privatization management audit \nfor EGAT a study USAID was asked to support And the Japanese and \nTaiwanese remain interested in solid waste disposal for Chiang Mai.\n19- ' • -t. • I t\n-20-\nPARTNERSHIP\nUS Expertise Technology Infrastructure\nThe Window\nHum Cap Fin Mkt Infrast\n0 MANRES Project\nNew Financial Management\nUS Treasury FED/NY Bank of Thailand\nDollar Account \nfor debt service payment to\n1. AID\n2. ADB\n3. IBRD\nr~mnnAGREEMENT\nDOOD\nUSAIDWorkplan & Policy Agenda DTECBaht Account \nMinistry of Finance\nImplement Agencies"
} |
[
0.019578196108341217,
0.042568501085042953,
0.052474990487098694,
-0.005777404177933931,
0.028446853160858154,
0.04488635063171387,
-0.03839866816997528,
0.016238924115896225,
-0.050741344690322876,
0.06164655461907387,
-0.03547291085124016,
0.0991659164428711,
-0.04897956922650337,
-0.06369714438915253,
-0.04912340268492699,
0.03712404891848564,
0.03680264949798584,
-0.03802464157342911,
0.0014857802307233214,
0.13584832847118378,
0.05952170863747597,
0.0512433797121048,
-0.012626484967768192,
0.059732191264629364,
0.005567122250795364,
0.09405581653118134,
-0.0728597342967987,
-0.03612145408987999,
-0.05423444136977196,
-0.013374344445765018,
0.07055726647377014,
0.003120056353509426,
0.03792962059378624,
-0.032686829566955566,
0.09484434127807617,
0.08433543145656586,
0.11402589082717896,
0.02034970186650753,
0.04200250655412674,
-0.009463093243539333,
0.011322696693241596,
0.01811966486275196,
-0.05212337523698807,
0.03698034584522247,
-0.01752985082566738,
0.01725160703063011,
0.04774823039770126,
0.002059828257188201,
-0.03281724452972412,
0.03572789579629898,
-0.02772907167673111,
0.03133337199687958,
0.02620203234255314,
0.011304785497486591,
0.04241132736206055,
0.01032613217830658,
0.02342155948281288,
-0.032879747450351715,
0.017482316121459007,
0.025619225576519966,
-0.007975084707140923,
-0.004026800859719515,
-0.06832019239664078,
0.014213774353265762,
0.11911056190729141,
0.030454449355602264,
0.05287369340658188,
-0.0869893729686737,
-0.007526956032961607,
0.02156715840101242,
-0.001832459820434451,
-0.07288353890180588,
-0.06531449407339096,
-0.020397476851940155,
0.02610810473561287,
0.04343024641275406,
0.08824550360441208,
0.05228050425648689,
0.10728401690721512,
-0.11664777994155884,
-0.029445210471749306,
-0.024232355877757072,
0.06797982007265091,
-0.03312630578875542,
-0.021033404394984245,
0.002926790853962302,
-0.007464603986591101,
-0.04120754078030586,
0.042356714606285095,
-0.005224121268838644,
0.022808095440268517,
-0.011732923798263073,
0.0767301395535469,
-0.06920994818210602,
-0.027621520683169365,
-0.024826835840940475,
-0.02280360832810402,
-0.06089074909687042,
-0.06226532906293869,
0.04931800067424774,
0.003995527047663927,
0.0012745714047923684,
-0.009369377046823502,
-0.08685626089572906,
0.0337638333439827,
-0.08370990306138992,
0.027884000912308693,
0.06907633692026138,
0.008442834950983524,
-0.021052563562989235,
0.022503497079014778,
-0.000931292655877769,
-0.0721462294459343,
0.01057376991957426,
0.020552949979901314,
0.039348118007183075,
0.03104790300130844,
0.0072672064416110516,
0.05478908121585846,
-0.022131429985165596,
0.05257589742541313,
0.015221492387354374,
-0.04027044400572777,
-0.023826245218515396,
-0.058383021503686905,
-0.016973650082945824,
-0.03572017326951027,
6.236102682755336e-34,
-0.06232907995581627,
-0.057879671454429626,
0.0014521050034090877,
-0.11321405321359634,
-0.013725756667554379,
-0.01835719123482704,
-0.03539662808179855,
0.035593338310718536,
-0.00146078213583678,
0.019296957179903984,
-0.005530052352696657,
-0.055650949478149414,
0.029375895857810974,
0.01578027755022049,
0.03511646017432213,
-0.0912451446056366,
-0.07707104831933975,
0.02624872513115406,
-0.02014312334358692,
-0.015156308189034462,
0.001657789689488709,
0.013218323700129986,
0.09335485100746155,
-0.025085778906941414,
0.0449606217443943,
-0.08645138144493103,
-0.044053640216588974,
0.038092680275440216,
0.016070647165179253,
0.0008837544592097402,
0.03288361802697182,
0.0646248385310173,
0.0495690181851387,
0.03802933543920517,
-0.05363282188773155,
-0.043566975742578506,
-0.07389101386070251,
-0.015033266507089138,
-0.004171954467892647,
-0.07538270950317383,
-0.03826050087809563,
0.06511293351650238,
0.052779294550418854,
0.0336662232875824,
0.07373807579278946,
-0.050466906279325485,
0.07865316420793533,
-0.007706004194915295,
-0.11632610112428665,
-0.013611510396003723,
0.036981746554374695,
0.043323807418346405,
-0.03448211029171944,
-0.0406002402305603,
-0.10228720307350159,
-0.07377210259437561,
-0.0018146764487028122,
-0.06068998575210571,
-0.04939704015851021,
-0.010617668740451336,
0.05805758014321327,
-0.03220771625638008,
-0.03274580463767052,
0.0005354034365154803,
-0.10165563970804214,
0.021985918283462524,
-0.04843844100832939,
0.018944429233670235,
-0.005478549282997847,
0.014422873966395855,
0.013727967627346516,
-0.003845762927085161,
0.06658948957920074,
0.0634625256061554,
-0.04143394157290459,
-0.06645230203866959,
0.00940967071801424,
0.006843815557658672,
0.038552820682525635,
-0.02298986166715622,
-0.016259022057056427,
-0.03361879661679268,
0.05447664111852646,
-0.011973067186772823,
0.07545563578605652,
0.011813674122095108,
0.025707367807626724,
0.018692469224333763,
0.029466329142451286,
-0.022889256477355957,
-0.0004999287193641067,
-0.02869759127497673,
0.023943621665239334,
0.0030836504884064198,
0.0576007217168808,
-2.7873026336400453e-33,
-0.06930479407310486,
-0.03365304321050644,
-0.030209850519895554,
-0.05730592831969261,
-0.10535988956689835,
0.034124262630939484,
-0.04860657453536987,
-0.12348724901676178,
0.008024918846786022,
-0.060992661863565445,
0.060946304351091385,
-0.0064012641087174416,
0.0386248454451561,
0.04541926831007004,
-0.07358580082654953,
-0.08833664655685425,
0.02625025063753128,
-0.032598383724689484,
0.0031725552398711443,
-0.025792650878429413,
0.05996449291706085,
0.06512630730867386,
-0.022613825276494026,
0.05767972394824028,
0.0010406599612906575,
-0.03586571663618088,
-0.014707697555422783,
0.011137550696730614,
0.08594205230474472,
0.006493071559816599,
-0.04759236425161362,
-0.016738062724471092,
-0.08920220285654068,
0.06888935714960098,
0.07541210204362869,
0.009415293112397194,
0.012915117666125298,
0.011418147012591362,
-0.09969447553157806,
-0.006807558238506317,
0.15209589898586273,
0.00794125348329544,
-0.05550806596875191,
0.05207081511616707,
0.031040053814649582,
0.039762891829013824,
-0.04623841121792793,
0.0491986945271492,
-0.09407129883766174,
0.027577577158808708,
-0.0734311044216156,
-0.05492011457681656,
0.020789582282304764,
0.09020323306322098,
-0.042869001626968384,
0.0774211436510086,
0.11123134940862656,
0.005192936863750219,
0.02982449345290661,
-0.013298946432769299,
-0.085881806910038,
0.09104785323143005,
0.04854102060198784,
-0.010139834135770798,
0.092214435338974,
-0.06110591068863869,
-0.0717620700597763,
-0.046314992010593414,
0.07932926714420319,
0.019606078043580055,
-0.053323667496442795,
-0.0025661992840468884,
-0.06605042517185211,
-0.05194345489144325,
-0.00017423224926460534,
0.075485460460186,
0.02045620046555996,
-0.06691647320985794,
-0.07880804687738419,
-0.018967565149068832,
0.05545387789607048,
-0.00084973982302472,
0.0225164033472538,
0.007898890413343906,
0.03709505870938301,
-0.057597022503614426,
0.012284714728593826,
0.0021564005874097347,
-0.027986492961645126,
0.15093502402305603,
-0.03192874789237976,
0.023415405303239822,
0.010450863279402256,
0.036201827228069305,
-0.0467110350728035,
-5.162383587276054e-8,
0.05347669497132301,
-0.029175247997045517,
-0.045393362641334534,
-0.04126529023051262,
0.021959377452731133,
-0.03691205382347107,
-0.07387927919626236,
-0.006319323554635048,
-0.04287944734096527,
-0.014175795949995518,
0.12359194457530975,
0.1354796290397644,
-0.010780139826238155,
-0.060860343277454376,
-0.11752961575984955,
-0.053647480905056,
-0.012768805958330631,
0.019482944160699844,
-0.03091387264430523,
0.00774870440363884,
-0.06611266732215881,
-0.05310174077749252,
-0.047718700021505356,
0.08330460637807846,
0.0403272919356823,
0.000040930146496975794,
-0.002156936563551426,
0.12113374471664429,
0.04901350289583206,
0.0024693531449884176,
0.03467189148068428,
0.03392452374100685,
0.03470178321003914,
0.013645152561366558,
-0.005383842624723911,
-0.008619753643870354,
-0.033127740025520325,
0.04511350765824318,
0.05582016333937645,
0.053617969155311584,
0.020564422011375427,
0.0047469669952988625,
-0.060298994183540344,
0.019127028062939644,
0.04743023216724396,
-0.04376017674803734,
-0.09760463982820511,
-0.021151484921574593,
0.07581814378499985,
-0.05228510871529579,
-0.027639338746666908,
-0.02280757948756218,
0.015590164810419083,
0.060618121176958084,
0.07754949480295181,
-0.05355730280280113,
-0.0593048632144928,
-0.06948868930339813,
-0.05493534728884697,
0.024212999269366264,
0.002759576542302966,
-0.03229396790266037,
0.029464295133948326,
-0.017003867775201797
] | {
"pdf_file": "IYXYPBN2SRX7T52TZCA76GJNXJWDUMDC.pdf",
"text": "COMMITTEE ENDS TWO INEFFECTIVE PROGRAMS AND STOPS THE SPENDING OF $30 BILLION\nWASHINGTON (March 10) – The House Financial Services Committee, chaired by\nCongressman Spencer Bachus (AL-6), approved legislation on Wednesday that ends two\nineffective government spending programs. The bills, which terminate the troubled Home\nAffordable Modification Program (HAMP) and the Neighborhood Stabilization Program (NSP),\nprevent more than $30 billion in additional spending on the programs.\n \nApproval by the Committee moves the bills forward for consideration by the House.\n \nFinancial Services Committee Chairman Bachus said , “The American people sent us here\nto tell them the truth, and the truth is our country is in serious trouble because of excessive\ngovernment spending. We are on an unsustainable path that will lead to ruin, that will lead to a\ndiminished standard of living for our children and grandchildren, and that will reduce the\ngreatness of our country. We must take action immediately to change course and put a stop to\nthis reckless culture of spending that has ruled Washington for far too long.”\n \n The Financial Services Committee approved the following two bills:\n \n H.R. 839, the HAMP Termination Act\n \nH.R. 839, introduced by Rep. Patrick McHenry (NC), terminates Treasury’s authority to provide\nnew assistance under HAMP while preserving the contracts made prior to the bill’s enactment.\nH.R. 839 prevents $29 billion in TARP funds from being spent to continue this ineffective\nprogram. Far from helping at-risk homeowners, HAMP has actually put many struggling\nhomeowners in worse financial shape. As the Special Inspector General for TARP (SIGTARP),\nNeil Barofsky, reported in testimony to a subcommittee, HAMP “benefits only a small portion of\ndistressed homeowners, offers others little more than false hope, and in certain cases causes\nmore harm than good.” \n \nRep. McHenry said, “The Home Affordable Modification Program, or HAMP, was created to\nstave off the foreclosure crisis and aid troubled borrowers. But here we are two years later and\nall who investigate, analyze, or survey this program conclude that it is an epic failure. The\n 1 / 3 COMMITTEE ENDS TWO INEFFECTIVE PROGRAMS AND STOPS THE SPENDING OF $30 BILLION\ngovernment is offering false hope to hundreds of thousands Americans, and it just can’t deliver.”\n \nHAMP was announced by the Administration in February 2009 and $30 billion in TARP dollars\nwere set aside for HAMP. The Administration claimed HAMP would help up to 4 million\nhomeowners. Instead, only 521,630 loans have been permanently modified and the re-default\nrate is high. From the $30 billion earmarked for HAMP only $840 million has gone out the door.\nThere is widespread criticism that HAMP is not working and is only making matters worse for\nmany of the homeowners who participate or seek to participate. In addition to the SIGTARP, the\nCongressional Oversight Panel and the Government Accountability Office have detailed\nproblems with HAMP.\n \nH.R. 861, the NSP Termination Act\n \nH.R. 861, introduced by Rep. Gary Miller (CA), terminates the NSP and prevents an additional\n$1 billion from being spent on this program, which has already consumed nearly $6 billion. The\nNSP does nothing to help struggling homeowners stay in their homes. Instead, it allows lenders\nand real estate speculators to off-load their foreclosed properties onto the taxpayers.\n \nThe Inspector General for the Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) has\nidentified multiple cases of misuse of NSP funds, and the Government Accountability Office has\nsaid HUD does not have proper tools in place to keep track of uses of the funds.\n \nSubcommittee Chairman Miller said, “I am pleased the Committee has voted to terminate the\nNeighborhood Stabilization Program (NSP). We have little to show for the nearly $6 billion of the\ntaxpayers’ money that was spent on this ineffective program. NSP was inefficient and it did not\ntarget resources to those areas with the most need. Even worse, there was no requirement for\nrepayment of the allocated funds. At a time when the national debt has surpassed $14 trillion\nand the federal government is borrowing 40 cents for each dollar spent, it is imperative that we\nstop wasting taxpayer dollars on such ineffective and unaccountable government programs.\nThe best way to address the foreclosure crisis and stabilize communities is to get our economy\nback on track.”\n \n \n 2 / 3 COMMITTEE ENDS TWO INEFFECTIVE PROGRAMS AND STOPS THE SPENDING OF $30 BILLION\n \n \n 3 / 3"
} |
[
-0.06732857972383499,
0.023719914257526398,
0.04378283768892288,
0.0707462951540947,
0.02398574911057949,
0.00008209482621168718,
-0.06465169042348862,
-0.018544822931289673,
0.0015350602334365249,
0.045926786959171295,
-0.01282980851829052,
0.020998863503336906,
-0.13865812122821808,
0.041505806148052216,
-0.0032564057037234306,
0.03252945840358734,
0.017689594998955727,
-0.04975402355194092,
0.011814297176897526,
0.04532246291637421,
-0.0008032720070332289,
0.029307570308446884,
-0.030279183760285378,
-0.03858766704797745,
-0.008826563134789467,
0.046975281089544296,
-0.05777629464864731,
-0.02172115631401539,
0.028265956789255142,
-0.03253825381398201,
0.039626117795705795,
-0.031931184232234955,
0.017502134665846825,
0.020639413967728615,
0.058885253965854645,
0.046728938817977905,
0.008178897202014923,
-0.06290135532617569,
-0.014852919615805149,
0.12893754243850708,
0.06762237846851349,
0.02884472906589508,
-0.1175999864935875,
0.03214947506785393,
-0.04919300973415375,
0.045693427324295044,
-0.10902980715036392,
-0.034661754965782166,
0.013257299549877644,
0.03938140720129013,
-0.03920559212565422,
-0.07942099869251251,
-0.030537867918610573,
-0.013116961345076561,
0.03128077834844589,
-0.08884387463331223,
0.046458642929792404,
-0.042530711740255356,
0.02685399539768696,
0.0013330236542969942,
0.05757037550210953,
-0.05864066258072853,
-0.038207534700632095,
0.002308893483132124,
0.02242697775363922,
-0.022653978317975998,
-0.04975586012005806,
-0.05351360887289047,
0.012162864208221436,
-0.09193293750286102,
0.10164913535118103,
0.03358006849884987,
-0.03543594852089882,
-0.010559005662798882,
-0.10069745033979416,
0.04993567615747452,
0.06038155034184456,
0.0300014466047287,
0.06565044075250626,
0.030548889189958572,
-0.003847652580589056,
-0.02237009070813656,
-0.03406696021556854,
-0.023882336914539337,
0.014388680458068848,
0.026929179206490517,
-0.0363481342792511,
0.0017766489181667566,
0.013904951512813568,
-0.0019094457384198904,
0.009729824960231781,
0.008640991523861885,
0.015751603990793228,
-0.016402656212449074,
-0.02449362725019455,
0.018534384667873383,
0.07025313377380371,
0.03370089828968048,
-0.06333844363689423,
0.011572886258363724,
0.014041449874639511,
-0.03481437265872955,
-0.031591422855854034,
-0.048327673226594925,
0.03360849246382713,
-0.0007726617041043937,
-0.11797155439853668,
0.029902799054980278,
0.020776664838194847,
0.0029716682620346546,
-0.04656533896923065,
0.03650492802262306,
0.09734900295734406,
0.06358644366264343,
0.044684991240501404,
0.06399229168891907,
-0.09398715198040009,
-0.013189493678510189,
0.09905967861413956,
-0.04090384766459465,
-0.022334180772304535,
-0.006416461430490017,
0.023386826738715172,
0.03294578194618225,
0.02836676500737667,
0.07863398641347885,
0.04804282262921333,
3.3414852209023894e-33,
0.03354399651288986,
-0.07317342609167099,
-0.03587299957871437,
-0.06743596494197845,
-0.02091788500547409,
-0.07093489915132523,
-0.02202395163476467,
0.0022131355945020914,
-0.05541461333632469,
0.020908458158373833,
0.014733889140188694,
-0.007732856553047895,
0.004694141447544098,
-0.05785467103123665,
-0.019761307165026665,
-0.056347329169511795,
0.08679003268480301,
0.018768692389130592,
0.03653182089328766,
0.057879261672496796,
0.027869708836078644,
-0.08995532244443893,
-0.028253089636564255,
0.017152680084109306,
-0.01594497263431549,
0.03025028295814991,
-0.035555921494960785,
-0.056817978620529175,
-0.05753970891237259,
0.010180385783314705,
0.01689578779041767,
-0.059234313666820526,
0.03586104139685631,
0.051037125289440155,
-0.014602484181523323,
-0.05769316479563713,
0.027196867391467094,
0.0008018780499696732,
-0.08474121987819672,
-0.05565997213125229,
0.012889777310192585,
-0.017392056062817574,
-0.061836328357458115,
0.013574210926890373,
0.026127157732844353,
-0.03230644762516022,
0.0548369400203228,
0.032512009143829346,
0.03129732981324196,
-0.0021052449010312557,
-0.011874920688569546,
0.09640493243932724,
-0.03552103415131569,
0.039191581308841705,
-0.0046937838196754456,
0.005755419842898846,
0.036603592336177826,
-0.0742628276348114,
-0.049160152673721313,
-0.0886191800236702,
0.06206505745649338,
0.017204415053129196,
0.03989403322339058,
-0.10219679027795792,
0.07707417756319046,
-0.13538630306720734,
0.042756032198667526,
0.010583010502159595,
0.05720188096165657,
0.0038747815415263176,
0.02550915628671646,
0.006787201389670372,
-0.018679406493902206,
-0.0008782755467109382,
0.028745273128151894,
-0.020020321011543274,
0.008953437209129333,
0.03785140439867973,
0.060986921191215515,
0.013450181111693382,
0.06900064647197723,
-0.005045220721513033,
0.0348149798810482,
0.10712900012731552,
-0.019852910190820694,
-0.04068455845117569,
0.0764581710100174,
-0.011949634179472923,
-0.10950002819299698,
-0.002396554686129093,
-0.039646536111831665,
-0.05801858380436897,
-0.07950886338949203,
-0.027155490592122078,
0.07449129968881607,
-3.8198864424321055e-33,
0.10512586683034897,
-0.03925692290067673,
-0.06525195389986038,
-0.033570993691682816,
-0.02412255108356476,
-0.043439220637083054,
0.09853414446115494,
0.04365487024188042,
0.0005444178241305053,
0.006734735798090696,
-0.033724911510944366,
-0.037423327565193176,
0.06761293113231659,
0.038857877254486084,
0.07555617392063141,
-0.02326102741062641,
-0.025788886472582817,
0.09959111362695694,
-0.011312889866530895,
-0.09947483986616135,
-0.005911571439355612,
-0.012560783885419369,
-0.009599819779396057,
0.06980375945568085,
0.0428561307489872,
0.07048705965280533,
-0.010227962397038937,
0.014724498614668846,
-0.05055607855319977,
-0.08410875499248505,
-0.01492324098944664,
-0.010445934720337391,
0.05250236764550209,
0.06600861251354218,
-0.06446388363838196,
0.03552968427538872,
0.03663089498877525,
0.030079256743192673,
-0.010226931422948837,
0.016332203522324562,
0.042982593178749084,
0.012399379163980484,
-0.045294854789972305,
0.043093957006931305,
-0.04529958590865135,
0.015405813232064247,
0.06692640483379364,
0.11634103208780289,
0.011343006044626236,
0.02957417070865631,
-0.033484991639852524,
0.11404473334550858,
-0.06023497134447098,
0.04576173052191734,
0.010981373488903046,
0.034829527139663696,
0.06430518627166748,
-0.032546207308769226,
-0.015453653410077095,
-0.04095128923654556,
-0.00706140510737896,
0.035688746720552444,
0.01990778185427189,
0.003967528231441975,
0.001828545704483986,
0.004426582716405392,
-0.00866795051842928,
-0.0569441020488739,
0.04996716231107712,
-0.025896675884723663,
-0.054547715932130814,
-0.029917383566498756,
0.02571776881814003,
-0.05521158501505852,
0.013807117938995361,
0.005059563554823399,
0.01168442890048027,
0.004274659790098667,
0.04413916915655136,
-0.04183877259492874,
-0.06322985887527466,
-0.008407475426793098,
-0.009220429696142673,
0.0985885038971901,
0.06137615069746971,
0.040274158120155334,
0.07299041002988815,
-0.09154785424470901,
-0.02529575303196907,
0.028798498213291168,
-0.03544488921761513,
0.02362203784286976,
-0.10118468105792999,
0.024707913398742676,
-0.011689167469739914,
-4.469740133572486e-8,
0.02559962496161461,
0.014107092283666134,
-0.026671919971704483,
0.005288254003971815,
0.13900594413280487,
-0.03937092795968056,
-0.004262363538146019,
-0.010483921505510807,
-0.06367145478725433,
0.057336606085300446,
0.027830928564071655,
0.03866294026374817,
-0.07248713076114655,
0.0745135173201561,
0.01879626139998436,
-0.07020688056945801,
0.020368419587612152,
-0.08295748382806778,
-0.02822147123515606,
-0.05011827498674393,
-0.1255682110786438,
-0.0468614287674427,
-0.02132626622915268,
-0.026424657553434372,
-0.026629356667399406,
-0.01768159680068493,
0.04332061856985092,
0.057617370039224625,
0.1891729086637497,
0.06354642659425735,
-0.05388211831450462,
0.04866462200880051,
-0.009872705675661564,
0.029563814401626587,
0.07008637487888336,
0.03164764493703842,
-0.13043852150440216,
0.03021916374564171,
0.005008864216506481,
-0.0324983187019825,
-0.04139364883303642,
0.04850791022181511,
0.019547125324606895,
0.06014472618699074,
-0.027678661048412323,
0.02028614655137062,
0.006476882845163345,
-0.04701884835958481,
0.050294771790504456,
-0.08364085108041763,
-0.08945002406835556,
-0.09125414490699768,
-0.062490783631801605,
0.04151618480682373,
-0.012196240946650505,
0.043656058609485626,
-0.04344089701771736,
-0.13186821341514587,
-0.00528281694278121,
0.03495768830180168,
0.02299584075808525,
-0.10374336689710617,
-0.07463552057743073,
-0.04041516035795212
] | {
"pdf_file": "RC7BS5CIY6SCEAPZ3YKNOSC3IMBGZA2C.pdf",
"text": "Emergency Order No. 05-05-07 September 8, 2007 \n \n \n \nSeptember 8, 2007 \n \n NEWS For Immediate Release NEWS \n \nState Closes Registration Moose Hunt RM840 in Unit 22B west of the Darby Mountains \nand Unit 22D Kuzitrin, Pilgrim, Kougarok, and Noxapaga River drainages. \n \nThe Alaska Department of Fish and Game announces an emergency order closure of \nthe State Registration moose hunt RM840 in Un it 22B west of the Darby Mountains which \nincludes the Niukluk and Fish Rivers and Unit 22D in the Kuzitrin, Pilgrim, Kougarok, and \nNoxapaga River drainages at 11:59 p.m. September 9, 2007. \n Harvest is expected to reach the established harvest quotas in both areas by the season \nclosing date announced in this emergency order. \n \nThe registration hunt for moose in Unit 22C remains open at this time\n. \n \n \nFOR INFORMATION CONTACT : \nTony Gorn or Peter Bente \nADF&G Wildlife Conservation \nPouch 1148 \nNome, AK 99762 \ntel: 907-443-2271 \nfax: 907-443-5893 \ntoll free: 800-560-2271 (Alaska Only) "
} |
[
-0.018318943679332733,
-0.08919936418533325,
0.03562426194548607,
-0.0038696432020515203,
-0.007503127213567495,
-0.042144645005464554,
-0.02438964881002903,
-0.038538817316293716,
-0.02835766039788723,
0.019825654104351997,
-0.025435835123062134,
0.13201145827770233,
0.08615387976169586,
-0.01929265260696411,
-0.04412032663822174,
-0.04759293422102928,
0.02695505879819393,
0.042095303535461426,
-0.058903034776449203,
0.028704538941383362,
-0.04384298622608185,
-0.0188724584877491,
-0.08910120278596878,
-0.02275744453072548,
0.006297745276242495,
0.01852334663271904,
-0.0071698147803545,
-0.09245060384273529,
-0.06379471719264984,
0.007624269928783178,
-0.010924430564045906,
0.0012423068983480334,
-0.0019548696000128984,
0.0169626846909523,
0.06630723923444748,
0.01911264657974243,
0.04624302312731743,
-0.013957567512989044,
-0.025920767337083817,
0.03958377614617348,
-0.031526438891887665,
-0.05211091786623001,
-0.0018860762938857079,
0.019383776932954788,
-0.029129432514309883,
-0.0066950879991054535,
-0.012838415801525116,
-0.06913909316062927,
0.010137108154594898,
0.0682484358549118,
0.019524959847331047,
-0.03282575309276581,
0.0424514003098011,
0.00913244765251875,
-0.04883880168199539,
0.10486114770174026,
0.001531690824776888,
-0.0037854586262255907,
0.036484066396951675,
0.1041237860918045,
0.06968403607606888,
0.013787943869829178,
-0.03071608580648899,
-0.02576259896159172,
0.01667727716267109,
0.002462052972987294,
0.10044580698013306,
-0.048666730523109436,
0.09297196567058563,
-0.14932653307914734,
-0.031273555010557175,
0.058883413672447205,
-0.121087945997715,
0.04712793603539467,
-0.04684466868638992,
0.062040720134973526,
0.0932934582233429,
0.01077360287308693,
0.10279489308595657,
-0.09761127084493637,
0.0206191036850214,
0.04580686613917351,
0.04082266241312027,
0.04589911177754402,
0.026398791000247,
0.0382707417011261,
0.022854667156934738,
0.1246318370103836,
0.06581643968820572,
0.011928261257708073,
0.015295926481485367,
0.012713262811303139,
0.037150222808122635,
-0.0821220725774765,
-0.02874886244535446,
-0.0066086361184716225,
-0.0466555692255497,
-0.04785172641277313,
-0.04127566143870354,
0.05000222846865654,
-0.03569985553622246,
0.04972437396645546,
0.02983413264155388,
0.03398996219038963,
0.0036795821506530046,
0.0335080511868,
0.017824536189436913,
0.10072609782218933,
-0.08011835068464279,
-0.010494664311408997,
0.027952900156378746,
0.07062450051307678,
0.030955102294683456,
-0.06754903495311737,
-0.012702825479209423,
0.04719220846891403,
-0.04444636031985283,
-0.009733310900628567,
0.013936909846961498,
-0.004004765301942825,
0.013088646344840527,
0.04882393777370453,
-0.05619971454143524,
-0.045947104692459106,
0.014379633590579033,
0.11535460501909256,
0.015919474884867668,
6.836556860263373e-33,
-0.006862165406346321,
0.035488586872816086,
-0.005390344653278589,
-0.07906017452478409,
-0.07336969673633575,
-0.039249125868082047,
-0.054247625172138214,
-0.004245416726917028,
-0.024112336337566376,
-0.01982763223350048,
-0.04464126378297806,
0.007203200366348028,
-0.013666652143001556,
-0.040543656796216965,
0.02473156526684761,
0.013166199438273907,
0.0965716615319252,
0.04886457324028015,
0.1118164211511612,
-0.08449997007846832,
-0.07166445255279541,
-0.09137894958257675,
-0.021382249891757965,
-0.012815028429031372,
0.04238131642341614,
0.015165084041655064,
0.008576242253184319,
0.002571931341663003,
0.0671783983707428,
0.008183388970792294,
0.04266318306326866,
-0.09891614317893982,
0.08000419288873672,
0.025157276540994644,
0.05931970849633217,
0.008225832134485245,
-0.047424186021089554,
0.007215186953544617,
-0.07697151601314545,
-0.041746195405721664,
-0.021440234035253525,
0.05413475260138512,
-0.08616767078638077,
0.0814804881811142,
-0.018487287685275078,
-0.027888162061572075,
0.08082318305969238,
-0.0553024485707283,
0.059370044618844986,
-0.04753006994724274,
-0.03203701227903366,
0.07164546847343445,
-0.020916342735290527,
0.052691224962472916,
-0.014610684476792812,
0.054056566208601,
0.018475621938705444,
-0.10512378811836243,
-0.025561129674315453,
-0.03497755900025368,
0.09130310267210007,
-0.008059152401983738,
-0.025831565260887146,
-0.051243774592876434,
0.0011243706103414297,
-0.06511732190847397,
-0.061400942504405975,
-0.04566183313727379,
0.033345598727464676,
-0.015072659589350224,
0.012207107618451118,
0.002082591410726309,
0.07285083830356598,
0.02117038145661354,
-0.04272301122546196,
-0.005766571499407291,
0.025634415447711945,
-0.023180922493338585,
-0.038323886692523956,
0.06967353820800781,
-0.04826858267188072,
-0.04654892534017563,
-0.044816553592681885,
-0.016125740483403206,
0.0591030977666378,
0.10457362979650497,
0.046785350888967514,
-0.04376915097236633,
-0.036700502038002014,
-0.044599272310733795,
-0.029440635815262794,
0.011117634363472462,
0.05039878562092781,
0.07068858295679092,
0.0576208159327507,
-6.878599150404501e-33,
-0.1169990599155426,
-0.021869806572794914,
-0.03878222778439522,
-0.006763957440853119,
0.0018435188103467226,
-0.026592668145895004,
-0.03429843857884407,
0.02355215884745121,
-0.08769060671329498,
-0.030107958242297173,
0.0017098890384659171,
-0.014054907485842705,
-0.032539963722229004,
-0.11571157723665237,
-0.013523435220122337,
-0.03382878750562668,
0.08277271687984467,
-0.04904840886592865,
0.0020927891600877047,
0.08980739861726761,
-0.012180044315755367,
0.12648560106754303,
-0.007216688245534897,
0.02536417730152607,
0.02578866295516491,
0.00972103700041771,
0.03651956468820572,
0.052268415689468384,
-0.03985295817255974,
-0.0015597173478454351,
0.04413815587759018,
-0.07903429120779037,
0.02162817120552063,
0.03063078783452511,
-0.06301753222942352,
0.013705008663237095,
-0.022741707041859627,
0.008439227938652039,
-0.07445400953292847,
-0.015331544913351536,
0.011056012474000454,
0.05207684263586998,
0.016110382974147797,
0.07757969945669174,
-0.018544333055615425,
0.07503519207239151,
0.014457039535045624,
0.05054086446762085,
0.006698314566165209,
-0.038741886615753174,
-0.04041210561990738,
-0.08897864818572998,
0.04102650657296181,
-0.00527172489091754,
0.08032459765672684,
-0.0072014909237623215,
0.01675080880522728,
0.028752027079463005,
-0.058785490691661835,
0.0010097759077325463,
0.0497184619307518,
-0.004824873059988022,
-0.0023747296072542667,
0.026249069720506668,
0.03279909864068031,
0.0367407463490963,
0.07369151711463928,
0.037676163017749786,
-0.09108270704746246,
-0.01737702265381813,
0.0047633047215640545,
-0.05324319377541542,
-0.05659977346658707,
-0.026006460189819336,
0.02759271301329136,
-0.05112691596150398,
-0.029426369816064835,
0.0718710646033287,
-0.06462553143501282,
-0.052369583398103714,
0.008720280602574348,
0.03186633810400963,
-0.11796777695417404,
-0.018693530932068825,
0.07149366289377213,
-0.037178754806518555,
0.018934642896056175,
0.003044274402782321,
0.03919026255607605,
0.016365328803658485,
-0.16927160322666168,
0.014002662152051926,
-0.10393214970827103,
0.0329703763127327,
-0.005707554053515196,
-4.3689954765113725e-8,
0.10226868093013763,
0.040857989341020584,
-0.05511179938912392,
-0.06240283325314522,
0.0945543423295021,
-0.056140631437301636,
-0.009634684771299362,
0.0716535896062851,
0.0030412792693823576,
0.004766168538480997,
0.005772088188678026,
0.008505548350512981,
-0.04763678461313248,
-0.04838508740067482,
0.032502997666597366,
0.03177234157919884,
-0.03133905306458473,
0.01616826094686985,
-0.019646650180220604,
-0.047033268958330154,
-0.030472708866000175,
-0.012210610322654247,
0.04812682047486305,
-0.03396322950720787,
-0.04739437997341156,
0.008815884590148926,
0.06554657220840454,
0.05417824164032936,
-0.014097413048148155,
-0.02076566405594349,
0.0238833948969841,
0.01568567007780075,
-0.00009308738663094118,
-0.0788726657629013,
0.015869908034801483,
0.04520650580525398,
-0.037308212369680405,
-0.019348811358213425,
0.025125673040747643,
0.044678475707769394,
-0.015737304463982582,
0.026499610394239426,
0.03193780779838562,
0.023029517382383347,
-0.014801474288105965,
0.00434231897816062,
0.05446256324648857,
0.007795952260494232,
0.009343608282506466,
-0.018100697547197342,
-0.029793186113238335,
-0.12740308046340942,
-0.010870598256587982,
0.08085871487855911,
0.04337234050035477,
-0.02900847978889942,
0.08519832044839859,
-0.11689487844705582,
0.03452388942241669,
0.1089482381939888,
-0.012987768277525902,
-0.05478209629654884,
-0.09567701071500778,
-0.03825933858752251
] | {
"pdf_file": "HPXULDFI3DAZ3V2NZOHYUGUY5SLS4AHU.pdf",
"text": "SGID ArcSDE Server Downtime Contributed by AGRC Systems Admin\n21, Feb. 2008\nLast Updated 24, Feb. 2008\nThe SGID ArcSDE database server will be down for maintenance Sunday 2-24-08 from 06:30 to 08:30 am.\nThe Department of Technology Servcices will be performing maintenance on the servers which house the SGID ArcSDE\nDatabase Server on Sunday, February 24th from 6:30 am to 8:30 am. The SGID ArcSDE Server and all services that use\ndata from the SGID will be unavailable during this time period. Image Server and FTP services will be available as usual.Utah GIS Portal\nhttp://gis.utah.gov Powered by Joomla! Generated: 9 July, 2010, 10:45"
} |
[
-0.02078142575919628,
-0.01808185502886772,
0.05727335810661316,
0.06330303847789764,
0.02936655841767788,
0.05462811514735222,
-0.01699358969926834,
0.12951716780662537,
-0.03752489760518074,
0.0025213987100869417,
-0.0032993354834616184,
0.057712722569704056,
-0.03589758649468422,
0.010050291195511818,
-0.08285294473171234,
-0.019376249983906746,
0.003871954744681716,
-0.011670482344925404,
-0.04618537053465843,
0.06249606981873512,
0.05718730017542839,
0.07669662684202194,
-0.0898970440030098,
0.006866238545626402,
0.022230735048651695,
0.010182501748204231,
-0.036859408020973206,
0.03550950065255165,
-0.0558973029255867,
0.00455409986898303,
0.03918037936091423,
-0.0031836486887186766,
0.0404694527387619,
0.04149502515792847,
0.08563912659883499,
0.05757974088191986,
0.10056401789188385,
0.04077968746423721,
-0.013658099807798862,
0.014135834760963917,
-0.003278747433796525,
-0.059103116393089294,
-0.01160986814647913,
-0.007308450993150473,
-0.037102874368429184,
0.018716486170887947,
-0.047503091394901276,
-0.03684556484222412,
-0.015504872426390648,
0.0618496909737587,
0.010940935462713242,
0.04392043873667717,
0.05913061276078224,
0.04116508364677429,
0.033061493188142776,
-0.0640803799033165,
0.01895809732377529,
-0.04170095920562744,
-0.07741443812847137,
0.0779227465391159,
0.07745587080717087,
-0.016380924731492996,
0.041376158595085144,
-0.00018135065329261124,
0.0567651242017746,
0.01258477009832859,
0.055339034646749496,
-0.06409098207950592,
-0.012052887119352818,
-0.05313529819250107,
0.09043674170970917,
-0.01673065312206745,
-0.015264310874044895,
-0.007847393862903118,
0.001255371724255383,
0.05313536524772644,
-0.023761866614222527,
0.10707104951143265,
0.036116138100624084,
0.03890940919518471,
0.020398255437612534,
-0.01800430379807949,
0.026120590046048164,
-0.048533156514167786,
-0.06419476121664047,
0.06296830624341965,
-0.06633152067661285,
0.1257224977016449,
0.11493763327598572,
0.05941613018512726,
0.03880222514271736,
0.040001675486564636,
0.11666154861450195,
0.017495816573500633,
0.054815806448459625,
-0.003204353153705597,
-0.03340107575058937,
-0.0745292380452156,
0.004581543151289225,
-0.003624705830588937,
0.030582688748836517,
0.004269316326826811,
-0.04317376762628555,
-0.026077602058649063,
0.07035913318395615,
-0.06573586910963058,
0.029247118160128593,
-0.0610656663775444,
-0.0036606069188565016,
-0.020473189651966095,
0.03448210284113884,
0.0021695499308407307,
0.05734249949455261,
-0.07995285093784332,
-0.04734920710325241,
-0.028555139899253845,
-0.12336093187332153,
0.0004065368266310543,
0.05959450453519821,
-0.05454128235578537,
0.061770472675561905,
0.04080882668495178,
-0.07315222173929214,
-0.041256655007600784,
0.039909593760967255,
0.03937208652496338,
-0.033345818519592285,
9.046754904553283e-35,
0.04497542604804039,
0.06093156710267067,
0.06013725697994232,
-0.052195508033037186,
0.01582849584519863,
-0.05406169593334198,
0.009038682095706463,
-0.05512755364179611,
0.02734954096376896,
-0.021702345460653305,
0.00093136599753052,
0.05093568190932274,
0.07555438578128815,
-0.0802895575761795,
-0.07495331019163132,
-0.0026747598312795162,
0.02039365842938423,
0.030596477910876274,
-0.004852133337408304,
-0.030278023332357407,
0.02632232941687107,
-0.061996717005968094,
0.038547590374946594,
0.055324431508779526,
-0.0010694755474105477,
0.0595947727560997,
-0.04034089297056198,
0.01479389052838087,
0.020594796165823936,
-0.019684338942170143,
-0.00819171778857708,
0.062781423330307,
0.05908358842134476,
-0.0584106408059597,
-0.008718947879970074,
0.004234382417052984,
-0.043272778391838074,
0.006890597753226757,
-0.08077757805585861,
-0.0558491088449955,
-0.003990905825048685,
0.05531642585992813,
0.013531923294067383,
0.043253812938928604,
0.07759782671928406,
-0.04947396740317345,
0.07438699901103973,
0.06523839384317398,
0.015132182277739048,
-0.04391579329967499,
-0.08037865161895752,
0.05826078727841377,
-0.018302159383893013,
-0.063783660531044,
-0.05314100161194801,
-0.03480193763971329,
0.04854047670960426,
-0.03859874978661537,
-0.0017198548885062337,
-0.035067688673734665,
0.02365204319357872,
0.009346955455839634,
-0.026329675689339638,
-0.09989915788173676,
-0.029569940641522408,
-0.004950318019837141,
0.04103036969900131,
0.033349357545375824,
0.05577288940548897,
-0.005507717374712229,
0.011401992291212082,
0.01239030435681343,
0.017757179215550423,
0.023976873606443405,
-0.03398381918668747,
-0.06151163950562477,
0.06293318420648575,
-0.00913554709404707,
0.016508428379893303,
-0.042233239859342575,
-0.011361024342477322,
-0.00044591951882466674,
0.07134030014276505,
0.07329712063074112,
0.04626244306564331,
0.010129574686288834,
-0.0026738010346889496,
0.09354036301374435,
-0.09123815596103668,
0.01689399592578411,
-0.03266320750117302,
-0.014555723406374454,
-0.054323140531778336,
0.05924828350543976,
0.03768598288297653,
-1.664480164297189e-33,
-0.016143443062901497,
-0.02116982825100422,
-0.05071474611759186,
-0.030836792662739754,
-0.006468185689300299,
-0.08794800937175751,
-0.005837340373545885,
0.04132984206080437,
0.025117725133895874,
-0.008304194547235966,
-0.05068490281701088,
-0.02537827380001545,
0.032774265855550766,
0.05345814675092697,
-0.05354032665491104,
-0.007024174556136131,
-0.07191477715969086,
-0.0005807816633023322,
-0.01616516336798668,
-0.045830752700567245,
0.04450853914022446,
0.10387098789215088,
0.005036245100200176,
0.0775541290640831,
-0.0030836358200758696,
0.08182431012392044,
0.02887832559645176,
-0.05074971914291382,
-0.011047164909541607,
-0.04500212147831917,
0.003356039524078369,
-0.0620301328599453,
-0.047375474125146866,
0.09539289772510529,
0.0003005276375915855,
-0.01961524784564972,
0.04994423687458038,
-0.05460229516029358,
-0.06764230877161026,
-0.03211967647075653,
0.07641268521547318,
0.0833064615726471,
-0.03969731554389,
0.0680767372250557,
0.02223878912627697,
-0.03755873814225197,
0.09015743434429169,
-0.015189065597951412,
-0.018294988200068474,
0.008354514837265015,
-0.040468063205480576,
-0.05169026926159859,
-0.030225295573472977,
0.09483983367681503,
0.07995249330997467,
0.02218211442232132,
0.050093431025743484,
-0.038487549871206284,
-0.12024910748004913,
-0.04017069190740585,
-0.01468830555677414,
0.06580311805009842,
-0.011286982335150242,
0.08681537210941315,
0.020281681790947914,
-0.025225630030035973,
-0.0835287868976593,
-0.09233276546001434,
0.021247075870633125,
-0.055718712508678436,
0.01481899619102478,
0.02559875138103962,
-0.04394862800836563,
-0.10279817134141922,
-0.02471155859529972,
-0.009460743516683578,
-0.07957281172275543,
0.04704435169696808,
-0.1418311595916748,
0.05133570730686188,
-0.013620642013847828,
-0.006097136531025171,
-0.003450563410297036,
0.07151546329259872,
0.037458717823028564,
-0.016596291214227676,
0.1614963859319687,
-0.01907854899764061,
-0.03639329597353935,
0.058536965399980545,
-0.10114341974258423,
0.07496717572212219,
-0.03937709331512451,
0.04981395602226257,
-0.08037732541561127,
-5.871521935318924e-8,
0.036151010543107986,
0.06241205707192421,
-0.11626026034355164,
-0.044398773461580276,
0.03424503654241562,
-0.0805518701672554,
-0.012473481707274914,
-0.016826288774609566,
-0.05326409637928009,
0.04745421186089516,
0.04980216175317764,
0.02222629077732563,
0.0054585798643529415,
0.037017062306404114,
-0.031047038733959198,
-0.062362708151340485,
-0.03822736814618111,
-0.040523961186409,
-0.07286689430475235,
0.028720268979668617,
-0.03718088939785957,
-0.03390125185251236,
-0.009889818727970123,
0.010825700126588345,
-0.007969620637595654,
0.014378495514392853,
-0.06288983672857285,
0.08251213282346725,
-0.01626230962574482,
-0.0004070918366778642,
-0.03605852648615837,
-0.01920977048575878,
-0.05455457419157028,
-0.026007458567619324,
-0.024474719539284706,
-0.016039852052927017,
0.035406921058893204,
0.03289295732975006,
0.007737182546406984,
-0.041989631950855255,
-0.019806064665317535,
-0.025261791422963142,
0.01378436479717493,
0.06952527165412903,
0.07108835130929947,
-0.094070665538311,
-0.16278819739818573,
-0.060936618596315384,
0.0722634345293045,
-0.12048124521970749,
-0.011556511744856834,
-0.06629011780023575,
-0.045303743332624435,
0.02196800336241722,
0.036274198442697525,
-0.03914767876267433,
-0.02785499580204487,
0.014187635853886604,
-0.04914313554763794,
0.006422627251595259,
0.01175718754529953,
-0.06555810570716858,
-0.022866157814860344,
-0.01035886351019144
] | {
"pdf_file": "GTJF3FNLZ4ZXJPIJ4WDESMZ6DR3CTLSD.pdf",
"text": "12572 Federal Register /Vol. 63, No. 49 /Friday, March 13, 1998 /Notices\nPercent\nOthers (Including Non-Profit Or-\nganizations) with Credit Avail-\nable Elsewhere ...................... 7.125\nFor Economic Injury\nBusinesses and Small Agricul-\ntural Cooperatives without\nCredit Available Elsewhere ...4.000\nThe number assigned to this disaster\nfor physical damage is 306411 and for\neconomic injury the number is 975800.\n(Catalog of Federal Domestic Assistance\nProgram Nos. 59002 and 59008)\nDated: March 5, 1998.\nBernard Kulik,\nAssociate Administrator for Disaster\nAssistance.\n[FR Doc. 98±6483 Filed 3±12±98; 8:45 am]\nBILLING CODE 8025±01±P\nSMALL BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION\n[Declaration of Disaster #3046; Amendment\n#2]\nState of New York\nIn accordance with information\nreceived from the Federal Emergency\nManagement Agency dated February 27,\n1998, the above-numbered Declaration\nis hereby amended to extend the\ndeadline for filing applications for\nphysical damage as a direct result of this\ndisaster to April 10, 1998. The deadline\nfor filing applications for economic\ninjury remains October 13, 1998.\n(Catalog of Federal Domestic Assistance\nProgram Nos. 59002 and 59008)\nDated: March 5, 1998.\nBernard Kulik,\nAssociate Administrator for Disaster\nAssistance.\n[FR Doc. 98±6482 Filed 3±12±98; 8:45 am]\nBILLING CODE 8025±01±M\nSMALL BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION\n[Declaration of Disaster #3049; Amendment\n4]\nState of Tennessee\nIn accordance with a notice from the\nFederal Emergency Management Agency\ndated February 23, 1998, the above-\nnumbered Declaration is hereby\namended to include Washington County\nin the State of Tennessee as a disaster\narea due to damages caused by severe\nstorms and flooding beginning on\nJanuary 6, 1998 and continuing through\nFebruary 12, 1998.\nIn addition, applications for economic\ninjury loans from small businesses\nlocated in the contiguous county of\nHawkins, Tennessee may be filed untilthe specified date at the previously\ndesignated location. Any counties\ncontiguous to the above-named primary\ncounty and not listed herein have been\npreviously declared.\nAll other information remains the\nsame, i.e., the deadline for filing\napplications for physical damage is\nMarch 13, 1998 and for economic injury\nthe termination date is October 13,\n1998.\n(Catalog of Federal Domestic Assistance\nProgram Nos. 59002 and 59008)\nDated: February 26, 1998.\nBernard Kulik,\nAssociate Administrator for Disaster\nAssistance.\n[FR Doc. 98±6485 Filed 3±12±98; 8:45 am]\nBILLING CODE 8025±01±M\nSMALL BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION\nNational Small Business Development\nCenter Advisory Board; Public Meeting\nThe U.S. Small Business\nAdministration National Small Business\nDevelopment Center Advisory Board\nwill hold a public meeting on Monday,\nMay 4, 1998, from 9:00 am to 5:00 pm,\nat the San Antonio Small Business\nDevelopment Center, The University of\nTexas at San Antonio, to discuss such\nmatters as may be presented by\nmembers, staff of the U.S. Small\nBusiness Administration, or others\npresent.\nFor further information, please write\nor call Jorge F. Cardona, U.S. Small\nBusiness Administration, 409 Third\nStreet, SW, Fourth Floor, Washington,\nDC, 20416, telephone number (202)\n205±7303.\nEugene Carlson,\nAssociate Administrator, Communications\nand Public Liaison.\n[FR Doc. 98±6481 Filed 3±12±98; 8:45 am]\nBILLING CODE 8025±01±M\nSMALL BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION\nRegion IÐBoston District Advisory\nCouncil; Public Meeting\nThe U.S. Small Business\nAdministration Region I Advisory\nCounsel, located in the geographical\narea of Boston, will hold a public\nmeeting at 10:00 a.m., on Thursday,\nApril 2, 1998, at the Boston District\nOffice, Room 265, to discuss such\nmatters as may be presented by\nmembers and staff of the U.S. Small\nBusiness Administration, or others\npresent.\nFor further information, please write\nor call Ms. Mary E. McAleney, DistrictDirector, U.S. Small Business\nAdministration, 10 Causeway Street,\nRoom 265, Boston, Massachusetts\n02222±1093, telephone (617) 565±5560.\nEugene Carlson,\nAssociate Administrator, Office of\nCommunications & Public Liaison.\n[FR Doc. 98±6478 Filed 3±12±98; 8:45 am]\nBILLING CODE 8025±01±M\nSMALL BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION\nRegion IXÐHonolulu District Advisory\nCouncil; Public Meeting\nThe Small Business Administration\nRegion IX Honolulu District Advisory\nCouncil, located in the geographical\narea of Honolulu, Hawaii, will hold a\npublic meeting at 10:00 a.m. on\nWednesday, March 25, 1998, at the\nBusiness Information and Counseling\nCenter, 1111 Bishop Street, Suite 204,\nTraining Center, Honolulu, HI 96813, to\ndiscuss such matters as may be\npresented by members, staff of the Small\nBusiness Administration, or others\npresent.\nFor further information, write or call\nAndrew K. Poepoe, District Director,\nU.S. Small Business Administration,\n300 Ala Moana Boulevard, Room 2±235\nHonolulu, Hawaii 96850, telephone\n(808) 541±2965.\nDated: March 6, 1998.\nEugene Carlson,\nAssociate Administration, Office of\nCommunications & Public Liaison.\n[FR Doc. 98±6480 Filed 3±12±98; 8:45 am]\nBILLING CODE 8025±01±M\nOFFICE OF THE UNITED STATES\nTRADE REPRESENTATIVE\nUnited States-Israel Free Trade Area\nImplementation Act Designation of\nQualifying Industrial Zone\nAGENCY: Office of the United States\nTrade Representative.\nACTION: Notice.\nSUMMARY: Under the United States-Israel\nFree Trade Area Implementation Act\n(the ``FTA Act''), products of qualifying\nindustrial zones encompassing portions\nof Israel and Jordan or Israel and Egypt\nare eligible to receive duty-free\ntreatment. Effective upon publication of\nthis notice, the United States Trade\nRepresentative, pursuant to authority\ndelegated by the President, is\ndesignating the Israeli-Jordanian Irbid\nQualifying Industrial Zone as a\nqualifying industrial zone under the\nFTA Act.\nFOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT :"
} |
[
-0.11883839964866638,
0.04829868674278259,
-0.0025480559561401606,
-0.011011209338903427,
0.05195074528455734,
0.010291832499206066,
0.1154332384467125,
0.0007007909007370472,
-0.08592535555362701,
-0.07065396010875702,
0.0013317164266481996,
-0.035472381860017776,
0.018434155732393265,
-0.006737178191542625,
0.024402987211942673,
-0.029503243044018745,
-0.058138374239206314,
-0.05043954402208328,
-0.020765526220202446,
0.029036032035946846,
-0.06367600709199905,
0.024029914289712906,
0.0262432973831892,
-0.006037362851202488,
-0.011076544411480427,
-0.0014006864512339234,
-0.018619801849126816,
0.03277004510164261,
0.0028860096354037523,
-0.05694391578435898,
-0.04394163936376572,
0.025414075702428818,
0.08790954202413559,
-0.02499123103916645,
-0.03668315336108208,
0.0062413448467850685,
-0.06646791845560074,
-0.0671444833278656,
0.020564241334795952,
0.04238877445459366,
0.021880215033888817,
-0.04288247600197792,
-0.03437700495123863,
0.06146686151623726,
0.0656372681260109,
-0.0785202905535698,
0.029487011954188347,
0.010798297822475433,
0.06332410126924515,
-0.04508465901017189,
-0.01823394186794758,
-0.027721041813492775,
-0.0036737609189003706,
-0.03659451752901077,
0.054250262677669525,
-0.02085655927658081,
0.015034922398626804,
-0.060095224529504776,
0.016393909230828285,
-0.03323858231306076,
0.01750349812209606,
-0.0005952207720838487,
-0.16348379850387573,
0.08492093533277512,
-0.07583844661712646,
0.0161097701638937,
0.048382941633462906,
-0.007598146330565214,
-0.024985475465655327,
0.05949747934937477,
0.0658901110291481,
-0.03513742983341217,
0.0008843158720992506,
-0.11567969620227814,
0.049390342086553574,
0.03360460326075554,
0.055154237896203995,
0.026383694261312485,
0.053694359958171844,
0.038932498544454575,
0.0004393816343508661,
0.0180604699999094,
-0.09288253635168076,
-0.004073987249284983,
-0.0008234609267674387,
-0.04883106052875519,
-0.006677441764622927,
-0.023541681468486786,
-0.03813307359814644,
0.05245159938931465,
-0.042493823915719986,
-0.055899728089571,
0.08681583404541016,
-0.04896170645952225,
-0.08339672535657883,
-0.0457635223865509,
0.029042238369584084,
0.03465776517987251,
-0.08649188280105591,
0.4062184691429138,
0.03594949096441269,
0.018697189167141914,
0.0979783833026886,
-0.007865204475820065,
0.023714108392596245,
-0.05756505951285362,
-0.06109985336661339,
-0.006620500702410936,
0.007060033269226551,
0.021669859066605568,
-0.024405108764767647,
-0.033514637500047684,
0.00025015627034008503,
0.03170765936374664,
0.04407161846756935,
0.09463243186473846,
-0.035580113530159,
-0.0045343064703047276,
0.043714847415685654,
0.00020504710846580565,
-0.002858717693015933,
-0.024884076789021492,
0.0037606365513056517,
0.014041258953511715,
0.07781578600406647,
-0.1323145031929016,
0.0068764761090278625,
-7.2201250750405e-33,
0.007334581576287746,
0.002726183971390128,
0.012147537432610989,
-0.002440247917547822,
0.027932560071349144,
0.03927065059542656,
0.003743888111785054,
-0.04643532633781433,
-0.014492551796138287,
0.05360198765993118,
0.006590632256120443,
0.03664784133434296,
-0.023135676980018616,
0.03275369852781296,
0.07811082899570465,
0.009627518244087696,
0.007964123040437698,
0.0028742437716573477,
-0.0018807238666340709,
0.004691542126238346,
-0.012402275577187538,
-0.0008041393011808395,
-0.023038707673549652,
0.04297299310564995,
-0.028259985148906708,
-0.06694644689559937,
0.038539037108421326,
-0.07085712999105453,
0.020109260454773903,
0.001460324041545391,
0.0014639950823038816,
0.049912355840206146,
-0.02594558522105217,
0.0008223677286878228,
-0.03757276013493538,
-0.028740663081407547,
0.03337514027953148,
-0.07462829351425171,
-0.035983964800834656,
0.025680823251605034,
-0.050139084458351135,
0.010837196372449398,
-0.04243791848421097,
-0.002668545348569751,
-0.004916265141218901,
0.16647927463054657,
-0.0011541391722857952,
-0.004960660357028246,
-0.06482207775115967,
0.06976216286420822,
-0.0028182310052216053,
-0.02132517658174038,
-0.11613703519105911,
0.04333868995308876,
-0.0033509607892483473,
-0.020106570795178413,
0.016554009169340134,
-0.043971188366413116,
0.020619438961148262,
-0.009089959785342216,
0.009713641367852688,
0.039391469210386276,
-0.012487754225730896,
0.009350251406431198,
-0.08647788316011429,
-0.04851773753762245,
0.02447775937616825,
-0.008494960144162178,
0.023063570261001587,
-0.012638214975595474,
-0.05100997909903526,
0.03675990551710129,
0.03771744668483734,
0.030916057527065277,
-0.028798431158065796,
-0.01926880143582821,
-0.019831717014312744,
0.03583517670631409,
0.08063048869371414,
0.00649732630699873,
0.03545527532696724,
-0.041958946734666824,
0.006693818140774965,
-0.024078864604234695,
0.09502369910478592,
0.054634999483823776,
0.004220988135784864,
-0.05180729925632477,
0.01021517813205719,
-0.041098661720752716,
-0.03574559465050697,
0.06131820008158684,
-0.0030944310128688812,
0.08796171098947525,
0.006000818684697151,
4.4925641867161134e-33,
-0.07716735452413559,
0.01899317093193531,
-0.03573813661932945,
0.0887979194521904,
-0.01755509153008461,
-0.0027626880910247564,
0.037273939698934555,
0.09013677388429642,
-0.09250447154045105,
0.0680299699306488,
0.022390201687812805,
-0.045089662075042725,
0.030878892168402672,
0.044495198875665665,
-0.005799654871225357,
0.03523358702659607,
0.06968843936920166,
-0.004063474480062723,
-0.028155116364359856,
-0.03572935611009598,
-0.030507177114486694,
-0.03237851336598396,
-0.0024998304434120655,
0.034929435700178146,
-0.04148077219724655,
0.030205287039279938,
0.04858911409974098,
0.0632987916469574,
-0.021693143993616104,
0.036800533533096313,
0.03896567225456238,
-0.023581488057971,
-0.05063262954354286,
-0.05820295587182045,
0.04826247692108154,
0.08404397964477539,
0.03678114339709282,
-0.0007768925279378891,
0.024848245084285736,
-0.05051735043525696,
0.039668887853622437,
-0.010082785040140152,
0.002244437113404274,
0.11697717010974884,
-0.021961307153105736,
-0.005805923603475094,
-0.048092879354953766,
0.003788944333791733,
0.035172659903764725,
0.07729728519916534,
-0.09319712221622467,
-0.011992926709353924,
-0.021968109533190727,
0.04129430651664734,
-0.022958293557167053,
0.004160518292337656,
-0.0432187058031559,
0.0702132061123848,
-0.01905948668718338,
0.0004752702370751649,
0.005480603780597448,
0.026761434972286224,
-0.033612821251153946,
0.01346849836409092,
-0.022746674716472626,
0.03873894736170769,
-0.024523282423615456,
-0.03632815554738045,
-0.0017924589337781072,
-0.052569907158613205,
0.006689464673399925,
-0.025846485048532486,
-0.1348353624343872,
0.0011394252069294453,
-0.047169335186481476,
-0.05347497761249542,
-0.018427148461341858,
-0.007304163184016943,
-0.009657083079218864,
-0.037726134061813354,
-0.033999841660261154,
0.01841733604669571,
-0.008003143593668938,
-0.005512353032827377,
-0.03353199362754822,
-0.0201805979013443,
0.021665804088115692,
0.01075822301208973,
-0.05747472122311592,
0.01969684660434723,
-0.007240809965878725,
0.023037107661366463,
0.12023406475782394,
0.0032419958151876926,
0.010150063782930374,
-1.3403668397415913e-8,
-0.046724583953619,
0.04062063992023468,
-0.05561641603708267,
-0.0018853341462090611,
0.056323979049921036,
0.049638908356428146,
-0.04154156893491745,
0.0325038842856884,
0.02574923262000084,
-0.018780937418341637,
0.06920813769102097,
0.02598794549703598,
-0.02782331220805645,
0.05757509544491768,
0.09128093719482422,
-0.01532574463635683,
-0.10472093522548676,
-0.027585938572883606,
-0.016222817823290825,
-0.035399287939071655,
-0.010461363941431046,
-0.013999390415847301,
-0.0002939800324384123,
-0.08362972736358643,
0.007932317443192005,
0.006960071157664061,
-0.04422977939248085,
0.07475824654102325,
0.07440952211618423,
-0.04058071970939636,
-0.0018266832921653986,
0.01985001191496849,
0.014382191933691502,
0.020585300400853157,
0.02213379554450512,
-0.06437048316001892,
-0.06369856745004654,
0.01613914780318737,
0.009907381609082222,
-0.0055595203302800655,
-0.05467313155531883,
-0.0233115516602993,
0.07046928256750107,
0.006468005012720823,
-0.047700025141239166,
-0.0036470729392021894,
0.007837599143385887,
-0.004974569659680128,
-0.01241857185959816,
-0.07781214267015457,
-0.0009409073390997946,
-0.008002524264156818,
0.006034235469996929,
0.08434933423995972,
0.10730371624231339,
0.011427774094045162,
0.013366665691137314,
-0.012747352942824364,
0.061454374343156815,
0.03564131259918213,
0.1587459295988083,
0.12640950083732605,
0.04654904082417488,
-0.015717294067144394
] | {
"pdf_file": "IM4NOHWT2KSDC4FBCAXQW722XG3AZCNP.pdf",
"text": ""
} |
[
-0.06989661604166031,
0.10360260307788849,
-0.05141366273164749,
-0.00942980870604515,
-0.014663400128483772,
0.03775499761104584,
-0.03799491748213768,
0.03391128405928612,
0.013400404714047909,
0.11276288330554962,
0.023564638569951057,
-0.0017742430791258812,
0.002087560947984457,
-0.0496988445520401,
-0.09929844737052917,
0.06339653581380844,
0.057601768523454666,
-0.0013931655557826161,
0.004963696468621492,
0.10728838294744492,
-0.010157689452171326,
-0.002853742800652981,
0.04423636570572853,
-0.030086006969213486,
0.011755591258406639,
0.005275912117213011,
-0.011144876480102539,
-0.01903679221868515,
-0.04325760900974274,
-0.00787344016134739,
-0.035699646919965744,
0.11692620813846588,
-0.04023689776659012,
-0.0052825696766376495,
0.02383529767394066,
-0.007513883989304304,
0.028250936418771744,
0.04293546453118324,
0.09295811504125595,
0.04364972561597824,
0.026891255751252174,
-0.11668367683887482,
-0.023728443309664726,
0.018050506711006165,
-0.08766122907400131,
-0.02199424058198929,
-0.02426217868924141,
-0.010181174613535404,
-0.08163739740848541,
-0.01292771939188242,
-0.08934027701616287,
-0.037925656884908676,
0.05422234907746315,
0.030970783904194832,
-0.06877190619707108,
-0.06690312176942825,
0.06170771270990372,
0.00703433295711875,
-0.013443738222122192,
-0.007390458602458239,
0.058955028653144836,
0.017201131209731102,
-0.07303313165903091,
0.03153447434306145,
0.04897287115454674,
0.026466572657227516,
-0.013746263459324837,
-0.1366909295320511,
-0.016328470781445503,
-0.010952133685350418,
0.09782468527555466,
0.0317719541490078,
-0.03211884945631027,
0.006476431153714657,
0.0015292351599782705,
-0.030205000191926956,
0.08879842609167099,
0.022266799584031105,
0.0772549957036972,
-0.063483826816082,
0.02955997921526432,
-0.0047589619643986225,
-0.08505424857139587,
-0.025779904797673225,
0.0039023063145577908,
-0.08199062198400497,
-0.014366840943694115,
-0.02159987762570381,
0.0030447060707956553,
0.010622482746839523,
0.05136680603027344,
-0.0728512778878212,
-0.048685383051633835,
-0.05856172740459442,
0.07743633538484573,
-0.004376853350549936,
-0.03610653802752495,
0.01653754711151123,
-0.00887082889676094,
0.024444470182061195,
0.036101486533880234,
0.08513306081295013,
-0.06619086116552353,
-0.04448508843779564,
-0.013012567535042763,
-0.039858877658843994,
0.00790756568312645,
-0.07135847210884094,
0.030866561457514763,
-0.018292922526597977,
-0.05387856811285019,
-0.03969378024339676,
-0.03657540678977966,
0.058405663818120956,
0.050986744463443756,
0.010799876414239407,
0.04159041494131088,
0.10726092010736465,
0.008747201412916183,
-0.1209709644317627,
0.052639611065387726,
0.041905395686626434,
-0.10182441771030426,
0.05604318156838417,
0.04453963041305542,
0.01606304571032524,
-0.07308043539524078,
7.331063272754316e-34,
0.007397232577204704,
0.015085546299815178,
-0.04106568545103073,
-0.010157397948205471,
0.012703344225883484,
0.04420505836606026,
-0.07443254441022873,
-0.0744880884885788,
-0.0038114117924124002,
-0.020025964826345444,
-0.05649522319436073,
0.012971065938472748,
0.1082925945520401,
-0.0885595977306366,
0.00039730386924929917,
0.058283381164073944,
-0.0682811513543129,
0.00922689400613308,
-0.007378371432423592,
-0.008871695958077908,
0.03540293499827385,
-0.013760590925812721,
-0.03912976756691933,
-0.01525187399238348,
-0.09738802909851074,
-0.05223093554377556,
0.05919450521469116,
0.010265802033245564,
-0.08350373804569244,
0.013265177607536316,
-0.03286992758512497,
0.009442037902772427,
0.09482327103614807,
0.044415183365345,
0.09922473877668381,
0.06620895117521286,
0.01179011631757021,
-0.00849483534693718,
0.035195231437683105,
-0.07466120272874832,
0.011457077227532864,
0.08163728564977646,
0.07181456685066223,
0.08411699533462524,
-0.0017247817013412714,
0.02247605286538601,
-0.0418713316321373,
-0.003107338212430477,
-0.02781587466597557,
0.03645022585988045,
0.034619517624378204,
0.019960900768637657,
0.06762225925922394,
-0.005203327164053917,
-0.046167127788066864,
0.010315272957086563,
-0.071872279047966,
0.0832524523139,
0.004480580799281597,
0.039050936698913574,
0.018728984519839287,
0.10229583829641342,
-0.03607666864991188,
-0.002701244782656431,
-0.031652625650167465,
-0.01860886625945568,
-0.0454314649105072,
0.03709156811237335,
0.03875679895281792,
-0.04936259239912033,
-0.022938475012779236,
0.10292402654886246,
0.0643356591463089,
-0.009472510777413845,
-0.013344181701540947,
-0.055915821343660355,
0.08421268314123154,
0.0777965784072876,
-0.051769983023405075,
-0.06992784887552261,
-0.04607165604829788,
-0.03129974380135536,
0.03195175901055336,
0.030586203560233116,
0.0018850598717108369,
-0.06015928462147713,
-0.04192844778299332,
0.04664898291230202,
0.03460994362831116,
0.01230588834732771,
0.031008290126919746,
-0.010467948392033577,
-0.04498157650232315,
0.02872786670923233,
0.002078870078548789,
-2.998249870340905e-33,
-0.10705443471670151,
-0.12573716044425964,
-0.029711710289120674,
-0.003505690721794963,
-0.07307503372430801,
-0.05763731524348259,
-0.061718203127384186,
-0.05571359768509865,
-0.03845656290650368,
-0.1051979660987854,
0.01264149323105812,
-0.0332382470369339,
0.04790613427758217,
-0.012953706085681915,
0.005635032895952463,
-0.005971494130790234,
-0.059168048202991486,
-0.07907414436340332,
0.011803805828094482,
0.017511872574687004,
0.10203686356544495,
0.0849628672003746,
-0.04884524643421173,
0.05213925614953041,
0.0353681705892086,
0.06824906915426254,
0.052445556968450546,
-0.026338230818510056,
-0.01390471588820219,
-0.0478857196867466,
0.008126184344291687,
-0.05755119025707245,
-0.05682261288166046,
-0.035527028143405914,
0.030243953689932823,
-0.0006086560315452516,
0.17516356706619263,
0.01489980984479189,
-0.017244325950741768,
0.0633055716753006,
-0.004636367317289114,
0.08705292642116547,
-0.025304075330495834,
0.03694869205355644,
0.049382470548152924,
-0.0070347716100513935,
0.05008479952812195,
-0.000047198645916068926,
0.036434438079595566,
-0.008827383629977703,
0.004839172121137381,
0.03616456314921379,
0.012012284249067307,
0.09335296601057053,
-0.0038722718600183725,
-0.03919520229101181,
-0.006018393207341433,
-0.031515177339315414,
0.001031656051054597,
-0.001551633351482451,
0.025582129135727882,
0.13809818029403687,
-0.09379008412361145,
0.030503151938319206,
0.07243381440639496,
0.005345213692635298,
-0.05880012363195419,
-0.01887817122042179,
0.004711759742349386,
0.007400224916636944,
-0.0012882393784821033,
-0.08419793844223022,
-0.0645025447010994,
-0.06372617185115814,
0.12573900818824768,
0.03277884051203728,
-0.014735636301338673,
0.0011362794321030378,
-0.10931990295648575,
0.035372041165828705,
0.030027130618691444,
-0.07760334759950638,
0.015529305674135685,
-0.02436257153749466,
0.001472613075748086,
0.019990049302577972,
0.03495192527770996,
-0.01305598858743906,
-0.0796399638056755,
-0.0014479674864560366,
0.04297010973095894,
-0.028722485527396202,
-0.010826809331774712,
0.003684922819957137,
-0.0017471187748014927,
-6.946625319415034e-8,
0.0813247486948967,
0.03163572773337364,
-0.025981049984693527,
-0.05465381592512131,
0.08026810735464096,
-0.039877958595752716,
-0.04163672775030136,
0.0057805064134299755,
-0.022702211514115334,
-0.0030211396515369415,
0.03774852305650711,
0.06590984016656876,
-0.0034294971264898777,
-0.02080434560775757,
0.011502753011882305,
-0.037764646112918854,
-0.005115029867738485,
-0.0511481948196888,
-0.031065981835126877,
0.04952671006321907,
-0.024149026721715927,
-0.038007549941539764,
-0.08694480359554291,
-0.01807577908039093,
0.01257849670946598,
0.02461612969636917,
0.012870519421994686,
-0.0011024601990357041,
0.0033826788421720266,
0.0004130723245907575,
-0.04228665679693222,
0.07563170790672302,
-0.036264218389987946,
-0.043335217982530594,
-0.0040701935067772865,
-0.012689023278653622,
-0.029954221099615097,
0.04685604199767113,
0.03689422458410263,
-0.01223721168935299,
-0.030154243111610413,
0.007774599827826023,
-0.0007669132319279015,
0.05961581692099571,
0.02425961010158062,
-0.06548624485731125,
-0.03033282980322838,
-0.0944012925028801,
0.07565084099769592,
-0.03692629933357239,
-0.014785352163016796,
-0.06884906440973282,
0.06219864636659622,
0.022427765652537346,
-0.006410304456949234,
0.06704365462064743,
0.035254258662462234,
0.011240202002227306,
-0.10783125460147858,
-0.05569957569241524,
0.1169455274939537,
0.0035989086609333754,
0.0060454439371824265,
0.08051183819770813
] | {
"pdf_file": "6GHFGNIZJZWEVRNG4J5ILE62VJ3PUURO.pdf",
"text": "IN THE UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT \nFOR THE EASTERN DISTRICT OF PENNSYLVANIA \nJANET PINCKNEY, :\nPlaintiff, :CIVIL ACTION \n:\nv. :NO. 01-5726\n:\nJO ANNE B. BARNHART, :\nCOMMISSIONER :\nSOCIAL SECURITY ADMINISTRATION, :\nDefendant. :\nMEMORANDUM \nBUCKWALTER, J. September 26, 2002\nPlaintiff asserts three objections to the Report and Recommendation of Magistrate \nJudge Angell. In reviewing these objections, the Court is not to engage in de novo review of theAdministrative Law Judge’s (“ALJ’s”) decision. Kish v. Massanari \n, Civ.A. No. 00-CV-1765,\n2001 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 17003, at *2 (E.D. Pa. Oct. 22, 2001). “This [C]ourt’s role is ... to determine whether there is ‘substantial evidence in the record’ to support the ALJ’s [decision].” Id.\n Substantial evidence is “more than a mere scintilla”. Nicewicz v. Apfel , 38 Fed. Appx. 809,\n811 (3d Cir. 2002), citingRichardson v. Perales , 402 U.S. 389, 401 (1971). “It means such \nrelevant evidence as a reasonable mind might accept as adequate to support a conclusion.” Richardson\n, 402 U.S. at 401.\nThe Plaintiff first asserts that Judge Angell’s Report and Recommendation is \nessentially a verbatim reiteration of the ALJ’s decision. Plaintiff contends that the ALJ’s decision is not based upon substantial evidence, and therefore not an adequate basis for Judge Angell to rely upon in recommending that Plaintiff’s Motion for Summary Judgment be denied. 2In disability matters, the ALJ must specifically state the reasons or basis for his \ndecision. Cotter v. Harris , 642 F.2d 700, 705 (3d Cir. 1981). The ALJ may weigh the credibility \nof evidence, but he must indicate which evidence he chose to discredit and his reasons fordiscrediting this evidence. This allows the court to determine whether the ALJ considered all therelevant evidence or whether he ignored certain relevant evidence. Burnett v. Comm’r of Soc. \nSec. Admin. , 220 F.3d 112, 121 (3d Cir. 2000). \nIn her Report and Recommendation, Judge Angell specifically described the\nALJ’s decision and reasonably relied upon his thorough explanation for her recommendation. In this decision, the ALJ clearly stated which evidence he considered and subsequently relied uponor discounted when making his determination. The ALJ also explained his reasons for relyingupon certain evidence and discounting other evidence. It is clear that there is substantial evidence in the record to support both the ALJ’s decision and Judge Angell’s recommendation to deny Plaintiff’s Motion for Summary Judgment. \nSecond, Plaintiff objects to Judge Angell upholding the ALJ’s decision in which \nhe found that the record does not support a finding of Plaintiff’s being inflicted with fibromyalgia. Plaintiff argues that the ALJ failed to consider Dr. Clovis’s testimony. Dr. Clovis believes there is documented evidence of fibromyalgia in Plaintiff’s file. Plaintiff contends that, without considering such relevant evidence, the ALJ’s decision was not based upon substantial evidence. \nThe ALJ considered many doctors’ testimony concerning whether the Plaintiff has \nfibromyalgia. A thorough and substantial examination of all the doctors’ findings was done, andthe ALJ chose to reject Dr. Clovis’s findings regarding Plaintiff’s infliction with fibromyalgia. It 3is not for this Court to determine whether or not the ALJ’s decision was correct, merely to \ndetermine whether all the relevant evidence to support an adequate conclusion was considered. Nicewicz \n, 38 Fed. Appx. at 811; Richardson , 402 U.S. at 401. It is clear that such evidence was \nconsidered by the ALJ in making his decision. This is indicated by his thorough discussion ofthe doctors’ findings and his reasons for accepting some findings and rejecting others. Simply rejecting Dr. Clovis’s opinion does not allow for a finding that the ALJ’s decision was not based upon substantial evidence. \nPlaintiff’s third argument is that Judge Angell improperly upheld the ALJ’s \nfinding that Plaintiff’s complaints of pain are inconsistent with the evidence of record. In order to uphold the ALJ’s decision, there must be substantial evidence in the record to support it. As noted above, the ALJ gave a thorough explanation of the relevant evidence and of his reasons forrelying upon particular pieces of that evidence. He relied upon several doctors who, in their professional opinions, do not believe Plaintiff is inflicted with fibromyalgia. \nThe ALJ’s decision does not imply that Plaintiff does not experience pain. \nRather, the ALJ found that Plaintiff does not have the particular disorders that she professes to have. As such, Plaintiff is capable of working, even if it is not in the job she previously held. Recommendations are made for particular jobs that Plaintiff can hold. It is clear that these jobsexist and are available in Plaintiff’s area. The ALJ relied upon the substantial evidence in making this determination, because he relied upon relevant evidence which sufficiently supports his conclusion. Judge Angell’s Report and Recommendation upholding these determinationswas correct and appropriately supported. Accordingly, Plaintiff’s objections to Judge Angell’s Report and Recommendation are overruled. 4An appropriate order follows. IN THE UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT \nFOR THE EASTERN DISTRICT OF PENNSYLVANIA \nJANET PINCKNEY, :\nPlaintiff, :CIVIL ACTION \n:\nv. :NO. 01-5726\n:\nJO ANNE B. BARNHART, :\nCOMMISSIONER :\nSOCIAL SECURITY ADMINISTRATION, :\nDefendant. :\nORDER \nAND NOW, this 24th day of September, 2002, upon consideration of the parties’ \ncross-motions for summary judgment, and after review of the Report and Recommendation of M. Faith Angell, United States Magistrate Judge, and the objections filed thereto, it is hereby\nORDERED that: \n1.The Report and Recommendation is APPROVED AND ADOPTED .\n2.The Defendant Commissioner’s Motion for Summary Judgment is GRANTED. \n3.The Plaintiff’s Motion for Summary Judgment is DENIED. \nJudgment is entered in favor of Defendant Commissioner and against Plaintiff Janet \nPinckney. \nThis case is CLOSED .\nBY THE COURT: \n RONALD L. BUCKWALTER, J. "
} |
[
0.07178637385368347,
-0.03834689408540726,
-0.014263713732361794,
-0.0075333151035010815,
-0.010876650922000408,
0.02847128175199032,
0.0073665352538228035,
0.08968581259250641,
-0.04972986876964569,
-0.0004774808185175061,
-0.007883966900408268,
-0.03847629949450493,
-0.0557495579123497,
0.10302101075649261,
-0.03126801177859306,
-0.04918849095702171,
0.0330764576792717,
0.0034275997895747423,
0.00025371916126459837,
-0.06666862219572067,
0.007468335796147585,
-0.09351395815610886,
0.028391076251864433,
-0.03888426721096039,
0.051655419170856476,
-0.11430693417787552,
-0.058384090662002563,
-0.009499050676822662,
0.04831131547689438,
-0.007410405669361353,
-0.09909907728433609,
0.04145955294370651,
0.013963247649371624,
0.019458655267953873,
0.10925117880105972,
-0.019149603322148323,
0.07479596138000488,
0.005920117255300283,
-0.08368514478206635,
-0.03646451234817505,
0.03652457520365715,
0.01875651255249977,
-0.045304231345653534,
0.002973404014483094,
-0.02097320929169655,
0.02566780149936676,
0.02078242413699627,
-0.03991537168622017,
-0.040663883090019226,
0.06735610961914062,
0.05534917488694191,
0.04629114642739296,
0.07825662940740585,
0.08487234264612198,
0.046573054045438766,
0.0013270496856421232,
-0.03358203545212746,
-0.047864604741334915,
0.024959610775113106,
-0.044318556785583496,
-0.04026713967323303,
-0.06356824189424515,
-0.030370594933629036,
-0.06164386123418808,
0.04091663658618927,
-0.010640560649335384,
-0.036208733916282654,
-0.007670256774872541,
-0.15608109533786774,
-0.013632710091769695,
0.003320669988170266,
-0.12703436613082886,
-0.1486867070198059,
-0.00844830647110939,
-0.07549985498189926,
-0.11014857143163681,
0.010863480158150196,
0.05448591336607933,
-0.047578997910022736,
-0.05165114253759384,
0.057958535850048065,
0.08931747823953629,
-0.015973929315805435,
-0.024135645478963852,
-0.031135883182287216,
-0.0052336580120027065,
0.04711073637008667,
-0.036802805960178375,
0.0846281424164772,
0.06082010641694069,
0.01706920750439167,
0.11886922270059586,
0.03669743612408638,
-0.009884492494165897,
0.01977365091443062,
0.008188324980437756,
0.07206133753061295,
-0.0024514934048056602,
0.04030674695968628,
0.015572921372950077,
0.08724627643823624,
-0.04785804823040962,
-0.009610666893422604,
-0.04250755161046982,
-0.03910832852125168,
-0.008884478360414505,
-0.026617854833602905,
0.06771913915872574,
-0.03153349086642265,
0.011120765469968319,
-0.04031341150403023,
0.0874602198600769,
-0.02887605130672455,
-0.08450818061828613,
0.018449321389198303,
-0.031927041709423065,
-0.017652232199907303,
0.013430396094918251,
0.058850836008787155,
0.04295605793595314,
0.03330816701054573,
0.02941731922328472,
-0.0036246348172426224,
0.09074562042951584,
0.10121294856071472,
0.03974030166864395,
-0.03462838754057884,
2.71310047109935e-33,
0.10036177188158035,
-0.03630320727825165,
-0.02626686543226242,
-0.011325391009449959,
-0.1472640186548233,
0.09205380082130432,
-0.003898317227140069,
0.08356647938489914,
-0.10247541218996048,
-0.04359251260757446,
-0.0779939666390419,
0.019077016040682793,
0.021451089531183243,
-0.019188402220606804,
0.0821007564663887,
0.05331713706254959,
0.017955733463168144,
-0.01050877757370472,
0.03859806805849075,
0.06599749624729156,
0.02660755068063736,
0.06273166090250015,
0.034141894429922104,
0.04839642345905304,
0.02783289924263954,
0.0447869673371315,
-0.09348098933696747,
-0.05468803271651268,
-0.027909090742468834,
0.02943418361246586,
-0.012470643036067486,
0.014062102884054184,
-0.04209652915596962,
-0.005831908900290728,
-0.09995821863412857,
0.05361646041274071,
-0.017935210838913918,
0.062047675251960754,
-0.04202091693878174,
0.02254963293671608,
0.011926463805139065,
-0.07907681912183762,
-0.00022174915648065507,
-0.04311290383338928,
0.021483929827809334,
0.04314160719513893,
0.060126472264528275,
-0.025270972400903702,
0.09866462647914886,
-0.025802358984947205,
-0.06947639584541321,
0.020223397761583328,
-0.02455887570977211,
-0.0322435200214386,
-0.034271784126758575,
0.09221683442592621,
-0.04290459677577019,
-0.06864488869905472,
-0.01775098778307438,
0.04491044208407402,
-0.03996691107749939,
0.007883680984377861,
-0.030714288353919983,
-0.021644311025738716,
-0.004303547088056803,
-0.0028106323443353176,
-0.010377041064202785,
0.06738236546516418,
0.09142772853374481,
0.03731021285057068,
-0.007978113368153572,
-0.03837021067738533,
0.03130871430039406,
0.12963195145130157,
0.06168172135949135,
0.04082374647259712,
0.005400128662586212,
0.06677760183811188,
-0.015673073008656502,
0.03591080754995346,
-0.05733112990856171,
0.019729269668459892,
-0.07014640420675278,
-0.060775261372327805,
-0.053225886076688766,
0.05377860739827156,
0.08147351443767548,
0.0032470456790179014,
-0.014064782299101353,
-0.022782284766435623,
-0.11894199252128601,
-0.0471465140581131,
0.032763563096523285,
0.04515746608376503,
-0.05597018450498581,
-4.172250057640702e-33,
0.05916469916701317,
0.006095726042985916,
0.015148901380598545,
-0.005666577722877264,
-0.0016857240116223693,
0.03615004941821098,
0.021866293624043465,
0.01283964142203331,
-0.07762671262025833,
0.05302295833826065,
0.04140350595116615,
-0.04326113313436508,
-0.018938085064291954,
0.04894605278968811,
-0.06576135754585266,
0.04076418653130531,
0.014833888038992882,
-0.03481711819767952,
0.041711870580911636,
-0.0061617386527359486,
-0.010469235479831696,
0.03975191339850426,
-0.02495446801185608,
0.12171981483697891,
-0.042389772832393646,
0.02117578499019146,
-0.04657785966992378,
-0.05482926219701767,
0.017966952174901962,
0.04277583956718445,
-0.02641117200255394,
0.01316149067133665,
-0.042154811322689056,
0.06217115744948387,
-0.00932706892490387,
-0.03587738797068596,
-0.12528987228870392,
-0.07275453209877014,
-0.0588536411523819,
0.03977011889219284,
-0.0007688559126108885,
0.021491803228855133,
-0.0356704443693161,
0.035518232733011246,
0.018490249291062355,
-0.002107467968016863,
-0.03234153985977173,
0.020985616371035576,
0.016707483679056168,
-0.08628866821527481,
0.08965064585208893,
0.03192757070064545,
-0.02888062596321106,
0.07737547159194946,
-0.033579710870981216,
0.008377532474696636,
0.012107816524803638,
0.011972988955676556,
-0.050522930920124054,
-0.016212373971939087,
0.03213956579566002,
0.058530542999506,
-0.01651667430996895,
0.006293151527643204,
-0.022520923987030983,
-0.06498702615499496,
0.051098354160785675,
-0.04958616569638252,
0.045566145330667496,
-0.05749266594648361,
-0.025770064443349838,
-0.02625701203942299,
0.021036824211478233,
-0.05616042762994766,
0.01648586057126522,
0.10636516660451889,
0.020460695028305054,
0.036242954432964325,
0.07518274337053299,
-0.03370825946331024,
0.020617254078388214,
-0.017053421586751938,
0.04657106101512909,
0.046625152230262756,
-0.01244894228875637,
0.04919012263417244,
-0.013501778244972229,
-0.0439002700150013,
0.05286567658185959,
0.04447738453745842,
-0.16449469327926636,
0.02881830744445324,
0.002227489370852709,
0.05977466702461243,
0.051437634974718094,
-5.260193702838478e-8,
0.03175457566976547,
-0.011767267249524593,
-0.08722106367349625,
0.034665945917367935,
-0.11281175911426544,
-0.03484896942973137,
0.013576922938227654,
0.022524766623973846,
-0.07702721655368805,
0.060766372829675674,
0.003937256522476673,
-0.047012679278850555,
-0.06197824329137802,
-0.021161267533898354,
-0.024048713967204094,
0.05047134310007095,
-0.028330940753221512,
0.04573734104633331,
0.03596285730600357,
-0.0059928083792328835,
0.02208990417420864,
0.02254614792764187,
-0.07147694379091263,
-0.04824141785502434,
-0.06854414194822311,
0.005819244775921106,
-0.008280343376100063,
-0.03324199840426445,
0.011976693756878376,
0.012473074719309807,
0.0231839120388031,
-0.025345072150230408,
-0.01992405578494072,
0.018885720521211624,
0.016251003369688988,
0.04672291502356529,
-0.01408376358449459,
0.013782019726932049,
0.010606151074171066,
0.011586669832468033,
0.03910968080163002,
-0.06719039380550385,
-0.035022199153900146,
-0.01884094439446926,
-0.049504488706588745,
-0.1190200001001358,
-0.025041520595550537,
-0.07481846213340759,
0.04345191270112991,
-0.008848930709064007,
0.05216743052005768,
0.025750568136572838,
-0.031222034245729446,
0.07061957567930222,
0.02250814437866211,
-0.04197927191853523,
0.011287505738437176,
-0.08181403577327728,
-0.0827997550368309,
0.016957538202404976,
0.049858540296554565,
-0.04621877148747444,
-0.015146237798035145,
-0.019632011651992798
] | {
"pdf_file": "OARISNKXLKQMHUOI5CJP52OYQJ2AARZR.pdf",
"text": "Belarus - Corporate Taxation Indicators \n \nSummary of Statistics \n \nCorporate Income Tax Rate\nEconomy/Region citrStd. Dev MinMaxMax\nBelarus 24.00-- ----1\nCentral Europe and Central Asia\nRegion15.035.36 0.0024.0030\nLow-middle-income Economies Group 22.6210.71 0.0045.0056\nWorld 23.909.88 0.0050.00193 Summary of Statistics \n \nCorporate Income Tax Revenues\nEconomy/Region cityStd. Dev MinMaxMax\nBelarus 0.95-- ----1\nCentral Europe and Central Asia\nRegion2.081.79 0.319.1028\nLow-middle-income Economies Group 3.683.45 0.0121.5048\nWorld 3.323.01 0.0121.50167 Summary of Statistics \n \nCorporate Income Tax Revenue Productivity\nEconomy/Region citpro\ndStd. Dev MinMaxMax\nBelarus 0.04-- ----1\nCentral Europe and Central Asia\nRegion0.140.12 0.020.4927\nLow-middle-income Economies Group 0.180.18 0.000.8646\nWorld 0.150.16 0.000.99164"
} |
[
-0.06226887181401253,
-0.055498525500297546,
0.03898172825574875,
-0.017009833827614784,
0.013187901116907597,
0.11948365718126297,
0.023447003215551376,
0.05182895064353943,
-0.04959386587142944,
-0.029082607477903366,
0.0014702139887958765,
0.04080905020236969,
-0.02239440754055977,
-0.08095358312129974,
0.021934401243925095,
0.023898320272564888,
0.037101540714502335,
-0.008743391372263432,
-0.04363778978586197,
0.04878165200352669,
0.0923137292265892,
0.04623286798596382,
-0.001834095106460154,
0.04704798758029938,
-0.0070535424165427685,
0.04845527559518814,
-0.019690705463290215,
-0.03188882768154144,
-0.003077513538300991,
-0.06564638763666153,
0.0875275731086731,
0.030531518161296844,
0.043847497552633286,
-0.010322358459234238,
0.05622668191790581,
0.05754918232560158,
0.03211453929543495,
0.01157268974930048,
0.00000246093418354576,
-0.005678883753716946,
-0.002617184305563569,
-0.01253439299762249,
0.020518306642770767,
0.005111359525471926,
-0.011826615780591965,
-0.04281483590602875,
0.07612395286560059,
-0.03607766702771187,
0.008102730847895145,
0.027238138020038605,
-0.06712361425161362,
0.0537060871720314,
0.04200773686170578,
0.021565109491348267,
0.011617660522460938,
0.0385081022977829,
0.07114627212285995,
-0.046593230217695236,
0.008784564211964607,
0.033859848976135254,
-0.06736453622579575,
-0.07566912472248077,
0.06119849532842636,
-0.03502526879310608,
0.03578709810972214,
0.039147451519966125,
-0.06469829380512238,
-0.057191647589206696,
-0.04445910081267357,
0.036631789058446884,
-0.024309560656547546,
0.04818480834364891,
-0.006357996724545956,
-0.013592957518994808,
-0.039943888783454895,
-0.09415333718061447,
0.05903773754835129,
0.07379551976919174,
0.06330104172229767,
-0.0663522407412529,
-0.007604622282087803,
-0.05698835104703903,
-0.05265282467007637,
-0.04018009826540947,
-0.09780572354793549,
-0.019398076459765434,
-0.07603055983781815,
-0.06431718170642853,
0.00518756452947855,
-0.022206636145710945,
0.053082503378391266,
-0.07541715353727341,
0.054616935551166534,
-0.03618026152253151,
0.0005448482697829604,
0.015649033710360527,
-0.03313034772872925,
-0.1193532645702362,
-0.015026688575744629,
0.03210806846618652,
-0.0025891847908496857,
0.1018683984875679,
-0.061613526195287704,
-0.07027342170476913,
-0.05223400145769119,
-0.029483508318662643,
-0.007833342999219894,
0.09322526305913925,
0.0022097646724432707,
-0.05882474407553673,
0.041693784296512604,
-0.013492349535226822,
-0.021923746913671494,
0.014822486788034439,
-0.1273312121629715,
-0.056184299290180206,
0.07721026241779327,
-0.08485094457864761,
0.08885018527507782,
-0.0017594408709555864,
0.08447594940662384,
0.028020966798067093,
-0.03626777604222298,
-0.07101743668317795,
0.053720127791166306,
-0.07264120131731033,
-0.02044111303985119,
3.178499255741033e-33,
0.0335136353969574,
0.09271582216024399,
0.0009696182678453624,
-0.06504625827074051,
0.005675042979419231,
-0.01048630103468895,
-0.06420541554689407,
-0.012870833277702332,
-0.010498597286641598,
0.0031740902923047543,
-0.04264764487743378,
-0.06353127211332321,
0.005101736169308424,
0.09620930999517441,
-0.04079258069396019,
-0.08072635531425476,
-0.12611527740955353,
0.012093122117221355,
-0.00836179032921791,
0.04331342503428459,
0.03382827341556549,
0.06479910761117935,
0.017534660175442696,
-0.009736194275319576,
-0.01918368600308895,
-0.033064208924770355,
0.009773347526788712,
-0.029550006613135338,
-0.01664205640554428,
0.03165683522820473,
-0.010879461653530598,
0.1307167112827301,
0.01595987007021904,
-0.026364021003246307,
-0.039680175483226776,
0.04194783791899681,
-0.04011674225330353,
0.014070100151002407,
-0.05471408739686012,
-0.031198563054203987,
0.06810913980007172,
0.08361820131540298,
0.008671355433762074,
0.04216964542865753,
0.04990877956151962,
-0.09845095872879028,
0.12462184578180313,
0.04118664935231209,
0.08979284018278122,
-0.006221543066203594,
0.02773684822022915,
0.03631513938307762,
0.07959633320569992,
-0.05353889986872673,
-0.054262425750494,
-0.11971419304609299,
-0.027981411665678024,
-0.010737547650933266,
0.024866873398423195,
-0.005486056208610535,
0.05601032078266144,
-0.06550503522157669,
-0.017030445858836174,
0.027563991025090218,
-0.08463255316019058,
0.02385134808719158,
0.011019391007721424,
0.025414956733584404,
-0.013977065682411194,
0.04674224182963371,
-0.05236564949154854,
0.03713721036911011,
0.026192227378487587,
-0.0037565971724689007,
-0.05437328293919563,
-0.008780188858509064,
-0.025329241529107094,
0.0363834947347641,
0.022589098662137985,
-0.10084707289934158,
0.017025092616677284,
-0.09916919469833374,
0.07842458784580231,
-0.04429304599761963,
0.10456269979476929,
0.02665538899600506,
0.00875924900174141,
0.0529043972492218,
0.028147689998149872,
-0.07698169350624084,
-0.02675643563270569,
0.0368376262485981,
0.062616728246212,
0.007678096182644367,
0.052199993282556534,
-5.1837078452255856e-33,
-0.06881818175315857,
0.07507811486721039,
-0.015212824568152428,
0.0316980704665184,
-0.04237224906682968,
0.012478616088628769,
0.011036008596420288,
0.015982121229171753,
-0.004309572279453278,
-0.008682698011398315,
-0.0207448061555624,
0.06615756452083588,
0.04897293075919151,
-0.040018532425165176,
-0.06421342492103577,
-0.09573113918304443,
0.060316428542137146,
-0.027985945343971252,
0.022935403510928154,
-0.06311247497797012,
0.022571571171283722,
0.10033466666936874,
0.006439284421503544,
0.09069102257490158,
0.0008676761062815785,
0.02567831613123417,
-0.025221548974514008,
0.015124921686947346,
0.04048210754990578,
0.015923094004392624,
-0.04053930938243866,
-0.034818410873413086,
-0.08993034064769745,
0.016688736155629158,
0.025598056614398956,
0.017466044053435326,
-0.020626069977879524,
-0.023127848282456398,
-0.055677223950624466,
0.017942920327186584,
0.07641478627920151,
0.028758572414517403,
-0.08950340747833252,
0.0013671385822817683,
-0.007973043248057365,
0.008414007723331451,
-0.06858880817890167,
0.032412633299827576,
-0.04588022083044052,
0.04796917364001274,
-0.0659032091498375,
-0.03467132896184921,
0.00009627526014810428,
0.0945034995675087,
-0.0017164238961413503,
0.01962338201701641,
-0.0021265726536512375,
-0.04954419657588005,
0.00531201483681798,
0.07429901510477066,
-0.08273628354072571,
0.07133113592863083,
0.004392774775624275,
-0.0026115095242857933,
0.06448356807231903,
-0.070499949157238,
0.01119516883045435,
-0.056803684681653976,
0.05641654133796692,
0.031470730900764465,
-0.01524252351373434,
-0.03738676384091377,
0.0016345195472240448,
-0.010067217983305454,
0.017215818166732788,
0.09895851463079453,
0.005606185644865036,
0.002427066210657358,
-0.053970661014318466,
0.05871029198169708,
0.054361939430236816,
-0.028636107221245766,
-0.009269597008824348,
-0.08921638131141663,
0.040707044303417206,
-0.025156306102871895,
-0.08250365406274796,
0.008143167942762375,
0.002360960002988577,
0.09427658468484879,
-0.15578818321228027,
0.005515543278306723,
0.04283403232693672,
0.012483363971114159,
-0.005079332273453474,
-5.256060120473194e-8,
0.048719052225351334,
-0.0019767717458307743,
-0.11880344152450562,
0.017957929521799088,
0.011644280515611172,
-0.07189728319644928,
-0.07572750002145767,
0.01625342294573784,
-0.04993969574570656,
-0.05505866929888725,
0.12422254681587219,
0.07699145376682281,
-0.015556897036731243,
0.00388837861828506,
0.0256960391998291,
0.035898033529520035,
-0.030314231291413307,
0.008561120368540287,
-0.06462691724300385,
-0.019960246980190277,
0.07048496603965759,
0.0007375085260719061,
0.06572995334863663,
0.0019518036860972643,
0.001824940205551684,
0.012190151028335094,
-0.014109743759036064,
0.08808831870555878,
-0.04051855579018593,
-0.02403796836733818,
-0.0021305305417627096,
-0.013683713972568512,
-0.017728202044963837,
0.004523655399680138,
0.011918362230062485,
0.04184365272521973,
-0.027424857020378113,
0.012524391524493694,
0.11747446656227112,
0.026803279295563698,
0.017842872068285942,
-0.09046364575624466,
-0.1091504693031311,
-0.014469603076577187,
0.03391840308904648,
-0.044282205402851105,
-0.11914409697055817,
-0.00166857591830194,
-0.018383823335170746,
-0.0013565466506406665,
-0.05365332216024399,
-0.030348457396030426,
-0.001173639320768416,
0.04518585652112961,
0.03080904856324196,
-0.023549873381853104,
-0.04183262959122658,
-0.05918817222118378,
0.04480177164077759,
-0.08405522257089615,
0.07662227004766464,
0.016750842332839966,
0.0076913246884942055,
-0.004902577959001064
] | {
"pdf_file": "M24UMO5XAGV75HSW66Z2E3N6772MB2SW.pdf",
"text": "BACHUS FLOOR STATEMENT ON THE HOUSE ECONOMIC STIMULUS PACKAGE\n \nMr. Speaker: Today I rise in support of this bipartisan economic stimulus\npackage.\n \n \n \nThe Financial Services Committee was responsible for\nthe housing provisions of the stimulus package and it\nis those sections toward which I will direct most of my\ncomments. Before doing so, I want to add a few\nwords of support for the tax cuts in this legislation. \n \n \n \nThe stimulus package we are considering\ntoday recognizes the basic economic\nreality that getting money back in the\nhands of the people who earned it is the\n 1 / 24 BACHUS FLOOR STATEMENT ON THE HOUSE ECONOMIC STIMULUS PACKAGE\nbest way to help our economy.\n \n \n \nThe tax element of this package\nhas been called a rebate but, in\nessence, it’s a tax cut for millions\nof low and moderate income\nAmericans. This will mean\nimmediate tax relief for\nhard-working taxpayers, and the\nimprovement to our economy that\nalways results from allowing\n 2 / 24 BACHUS FLOOR STATEMENT ON THE HOUSE ECONOMIC STIMULUS PACKAGE\ntaxpayers to decide how their\nown hard earned money is spent. \nHopefully, this will stimulate not\nonly the economy, but also it will\nserve to prompt my colleagues to\nenact additional tax cuts in the\nfuture and make the Bush tax cuts\nthat have worked so well,\npermanent.\n \n \n \n 3 / 24 BACHUS FLOOR STATEMENT ON THE HOUSE ECONOMIC STIMULUS PACKAGE\nIt is widely recognized that\nthe troubled housing market\nis a significant contributor to\nthe current slowdown in our\neconomy. \n \n \n \nThis stimulus package\n 4 / 24 BACHUS FLOOR STATEMENT ON THE HOUSE ECONOMIC STIMULUS PACKAGE\nincludes several\nprovisions designed to\naddress the lack of\nliquidity in certain\nsegments of the\nmortgage market. The\nbill increases – but only\non a temporary basis –\nthe loan limits that apply\nto mortgages that can be\npurchased by the\nhousing GSEs (Fannie\n 5 / 24 BACHUS FLOOR STATEMENT ON THE HOUSE ECONOMIC STIMULUS PACKAGE\nMae and Freddie Mac)\nand insured by the\nFederal Housing\nAdministration (FHA).\n \n \n \n 6 / 24 BACHUS FLOOR STATEMENT ON THE HOUSE ECONOMIC STIMULUS PACKAGE\nGreater availability of\nhigher-cost mortgages\nand FHA-insured\nloans should help get\nprospective\nhomebuyers off the\nsidelines in those\nhousing markets\nwhere price declines\nhave been especially\n 7 / 24 BACHUS FLOOR STATEMENT ON THE HOUSE ECONOMIC STIMULUS PACKAGE\nsevere, while also\nassisting existing\nhomeowners seeking\nto refinance into more\naffordable mortgage\nproducts. The\ncombined effect of\nthese changes is\nintended to help\nrestore confidence in\n 8 / 24 BACHUS FLOOR STATEMENT ON THE HOUSE ECONOMIC STIMULUS PACKAGE\nour economy. \n \n \n \nThe higher GSE\nand FHA loan limits\n 9 / 24 BACHUS FLOOR STATEMENT ON THE HOUSE ECONOMIC STIMULUS PACKAGE\n– like the other\nprovisions in this\nstimulus package –\nare both targeted\nand temporary. \nThey will expire at\nthe end of this year,\nthereby addressing\nthe concerns of\n 10 / 24 BACHUS FLOOR STATEMENT ON THE HOUSE ECONOMIC STIMULUS PACKAGE\nthose who fear that\nexpanding eligibility\nfor GSE and FHA\nloan products will\nunduly increase\nFederal housing\nsubsidies. While I\nwould have\npreferred that these\n 11 / 24 BACHUS FLOOR STATEMENT ON THE HOUSE ECONOMIC STIMULUS PACKAGE\nincreases be\nimplemented as\npart of\ncomprehensive\nGSE and FHA\nreform, I am\nencouraged by the\ncommitments that\nChairman Frank\n 12 / 24 BACHUS FLOOR STATEMENT ON THE HOUSE ECONOMIC STIMULUS PACKAGE\nand the Chairman\nof the Senate\nBanking Committee\nhave made to us\nthat achievement of\nthose broader\nreforms will be\namong their highest\npriorities during this\n 13 / 24 BACHUS FLOOR STATEMENT ON THE HOUSE ECONOMIC STIMULUS PACKAGE\ncongressional\nsession. As the\nGSEs purchase\nlarger mortgages\nand take on more\nrisk, it is incumbent\nupon this Congress\nto produce\nlegislation that\n 14 / 24 BACHUS FLOOR STATEMENT ON THE HOUSE ECONOMIC STIMULUS PACKAGE\ncreates a\nworld-class\nregulator for these\nenterprises and\nfully protects U.S.\ntaxpayers. The\nHouse passed a bill\nlast May, and it is\nnow the Senate’s\n 15 / 24 BACHUS FLOOR STATEMENT ON THE HOUSE ECONOMIC STIMULUS PACKAGE\nturn to act.\n \n \n \n The\n 16 / 24 BACHUS FLOOR STATEMENT ON THE HOUSE ECONOMIC STIMULUS PACKAGE\nbottom line is that\nwe must not only\ntake these\nmeasures that\noffer real\nsolutions, but also\ndo what can be\ndone to increase\n 17 / 24 BACHUS FLOOR STATEMENT ON THE HOUSE ECONOMIC STIMULUS PACKAGE\nand encourage\noptimism among\nall Americans. \nThere is\nlegitimate reason\nfor doing so -- we\nshould do that as\nurgently as\n 18 / 24 BACHUS FLOOR STATEMENT ON THE HOUSE ECONOMIC STIMULUS PACKAGE\npossible.\n \n \n \n 19 / 24 BACHUS FLOOR STATEMENT ON THE HOUSE ECONOMIC STIMULUS PACKAGE\nMr. Speaker, let\nme conclude by\ncommending\nPresident Bush,\nChairman Frank\nand the\nRepublican and\nDemocratic\n 20 / 24 BACHUS FLOOR STATEMENT ON THE HOUSE ECONOMIC STIMULUS PACKAGE\nleadership of\nthe House for\ncoming together\nso quickly\naround this\nstimulus plan. \n \n 21 / 24 BACHUS FLOOR STATEMENT ON THE HOUSE ECONOMIC STIMULUS PACKAGE\n \n \n \n \n 22 / 24 BACHUS FLOOR STATEMENT ON THE HOUSE ECONOMIC STIMULUS PACKAGE\n \n \n \n \n 23 / 24 BACHUS FLOOR STATEMENT ON THE HOUSE ECONOMIC STIMULUS PACKAGE\n \n 24 / 24"
} |
[
0.026742270216345787,
0.02148151956498623,
0.05333517864346504,
-0.0074563357047736645,
0.010520190000534058,
0.03740256652235985,
-0.05368170887231827,
-0.05432586744427681,
-0.048227060586214066,
0.032299235463142395,
0.009399527683854103,
-0.18163910508155823,
-0.004480419680476189,
0.03567022457718849,
-0.013138368725776672,
-0.003949275705963373,
0.07588116079568863,
-0.032080862671136856,
-0.09071724861860275,
0.016616398468613625,
0.05034606158733368,
0.057778872549533844,
-0.0020459077786654234,
-0.02155868336558342,
-0.10222727805376053,
-0.04696352779865265,
-0.062124837189912796,
0.05551183968782425,
-0.016877708956599236,
-0.044713154435157776,
-0.12392120063304901,
0.002708732383325696,
0.057190295308828354,
0.02845262549817562,
-0.0183012243360281,
-0.03993157297372818,
0.00556928338482976,
0.058079224079847336,
0.07269805669784546,
0.06196889653801918,
-0.0987873375415802,
-0.020670726895332336,
0.001877153292298317,
0.042731113731861115,
-0.030229751020669937,
-0.04720443859696388,
-0.12384536117315292,
-0.009295202791690826,
0.016114171594381332,
0.03888692706823349,
-0.027494413778185844,
-0.020199742168188095,
-0.11076568812131882,
0.0369279682636261,
0.047728899866342545,
-0.04089133068919182,
-0.10019990056753159,
-0.10478661954402924,
-0.03726540878415108,
-0.03898535296320915,
0.035768065601587296,
0.00941296387463808,
-0.008540640585124493,
-0.028298508375883102,
-0.08625353127717972,
0.0008484786958433688,
-0.10130379348993301,
0.06041877716779709,
0.013627273961901665,
-0.006151785608381033,
0.02126145176589489,
-0.01057558786123991,
-0.02398870326578617,
0.07152100652456284,
-0.04111383482813835,
0.05443255230784416,
0.025948449969291687,
0.03330833837389946,
0.016131067648530006,
-0.07591946423053741,
-0.04385843127965927,
-0.05752265080809593,
-0.07276913523674011,
-0.03825162351131439,
0.0100626265630126,
-0.0008577696280553937,
-0.029060762375593185,
-0.0049843862652778625,
0.01544590201228857,
0.035926882177591324,
-0.034339968115091324,
0.014500470831990242,
0.11480168253183365,
-0.06260404735803604,
-0.005522141698747873,
0.012089411728084087,
-0.036127276718616486,
-0.04651587828993797,
-0.010067216120660305,
-0.0307768564671278,
0.09516549855470657,
-0.06854560971260071,
0.053297754377126694,
-0.09610362350940704,
-0.055609773844480515,
-0.052546340972185135,
-0.03465157747268677,
-0.013683072291314602,
0.012428972870111465,
0.00985246803611517,
-0.00950598530471325,
0.007476282771676779,
-0.08797568827867508,
0.001388399745337665,
-0.027559250593185425,
-0.019214974716305733,
-0.03941173478960991,
-0.03893902152776718,
0.09788903594017029,
-0.01890508458018303,
-0.014407575130462646,
0.002715568756684661,
-0.008392305113375187,
-0.0066403960809111595,
0.07568821310997009,
0.08140145242214203,
-0.0651019811630249,
2.0452554044967632e-32,
0.022575411945581436,
-0.07148022204637527,
0.0383145697414875,
-0.004905709531158209,
-0.009431959129869938,
-0.06636382639408112,
0.024259144440293312,
-0.06281594187021255,
-0.07363789528608322,
0.00993790477514267,
-0.030998699367046356,
0.09377174079418182,
0.012332361191511154,
0.009555910713970661,
-0.011546412482857704,
-0.00375880254432559,
0.01711057312786579,
0.017202502116560936,
-0.08748923987150192,
-0.002435691887512803,
0.03695952147245407,
0.03652741387486458,
0.04949088394641876,
0.0004960514488629997,
0.004150754306465387,
-0.11993778496980667,
-0.05735422298312187,
-0.1263023018836975,
-0.042806923389434814,
0.036630090326070786,
-0.03636515140533447,
-0.06257494539022446,
-0.05123614892363548,
-0.07384010404348373,
-0.0040831780061125755,
-0.03801940008997917,
0.020215563476085663,
-0.07045421004295349,
0.03670939430594444,
-0.000278265040833503,
0.007577717769891024,
-0.0588141493499279,
0.023251134902238846,
0.073217011988163,
0.06482750922441483,
0.00009653503366280347,
0.0674392506480217,
0.05311476066708565,
-0.03212045505642891,
-0.025928368791937828,
-0.050002288073301315,
-0.055270444601774216,
-0.0334475114941597,
-0.025212792679667473,
-0.04016315937042236,
0.0781683474779129,
0.03530013933777809,
0.08610665053129196,
-0.0440199188888073,
0.03435226529836655,
-0.04859457537531853,
0.05615246295928955,
0.04245288297533989,
-0.09882105886936188,
0.05396503955125809,
-0.06402549892663956,
0.0022179929073899984,
-0.014476762153208256,
-0.06963855028152466,
-0.020142411813139915,
-0.0005071000778116286,
-0.07922577857971191,
0.06818386167287827,
-0.0044439104385674,
0.0909920409321785,
0.06928779184818268,
0.03927134349942207,
0.0018412822391837835,
-0.03626888245344162,
-0.0030825897119939327,
-0.077461838722229,
0.06351608037948608,
-0.07401992380619049,
0.027696626260876656,
0.020755251869559288,
-0.000793117331340909,
0.07628703117370605,
-0.0502861849963665,
0.08344811201095581,
-0.020208364352583885,
-0.04288339242339134,
-0.01429569162428379,
-0.016263678669929504,
-0.09317713975906372,
-0.04798769950866699,
-2.0415014632874123e-32,
0.003932576160877943,
-0.008809031918644905,
0.02576615661382675,
0.046536896377801895,
0.018850283697247505,
-0.06495264172554016,
0.01312569435685873,
-0.02774101495742798,
0.027086040005087852,
-0.11456488072872162,
-0.03875499591231346,
0.05127608776092529,
0.0040704309940338135,
0.001952124759554863,
0.02491326443850994,
-0.0015344866551458836,
-0.022968202829360962,
0.05284818634390831,
0.06250789016485214,
0.007163711357861757,
-0.0723067969083786,
-0.032314483076334,
-0.04710094630718231,
0.13305330276489258,
-0.00562632642686367,
0.05498692765831947,
-0.061130277812480927,
-0.0423821359872818,
0.0594443753361702,
-0.05017082020640373,
0.007036041002720594,
-0.05058840289711952,
0.03242715820670128,
0.07293275743722916,
-0.04349390044808388,
-0.025784127414226532,
0.0171868447214365,
-0.08492434769868851,
-0.0023587339092046022,
0.003943371586501598,
0.06950532644987106,
-0.045026518404483795,
0.03985990956425667,
-0.01112541276961565,
-0.04124314710497856,
-0.1063411682844162,
0.0059636440128088,
-0.02344709262251854,
-0.03728707134723663,
0.04005375877022743,
0.08138801902532578,
0.010925423353910446,
-0.04852592200040817,
0.007465076632797718,
0.07292315363883972,
-0.002560742199420929,
0.011248148046433926,
-0.0010972669115290046,
0.05242235213518143,
-0.00834533479064703,
-0.0543067492544651,
0.025243842974305153,
-0.010852079838514328,
0.08803223073482513,
0.09286613762378693,
-0.05154719576239586,
0.022668447345495224,
-0.0059983995743095875,
-0.08253026008605957,
-0.060302335768938065,
0.0077728163450956345,
0.04637843370437622,
-0.03305363282561302,
-0.09128019958734512,
0.07067164033651352,
0.0865214392542839,
-0.021125217899680138,
-0.037062689661979675,
-0.006062376778572798,
0.08577210456132889,
-0.03814520314335823,
-0.028516732156276703,
-0.022726796567440033,
0.05790497362613678,
-0.014960515312850475,
0.07360942661762238,
0.019373871386051178,
0.02774774096906185,
0.059401653707027435,
-0.027471328154206276,
-0.020072998479008675,
0.022358795627951622,
-0.050106231123209,
0.03706866875290871,
0.027642039582133293,
-5.616334064484363e-8,
0.0901864618062973,
0.06410576403141022,
-0.02593463473021984,
0.08817188441753387,
0.03958103805780411,
-0.03257358446717262,
-0.013111799024045467,
-0.02282526157796383,
0.01565653644502163,
0.025279851630330086,
0.024915937334299088,
-0.07392683625221252,
0.03609706833958626,
-0.028195330873131752,
0.07389692962169647,
-0.028466535732150078,
-0.01748506724834442,
0.04342241585254669,
0.02235812321305275,
-0.014801941812038422,
-0.056936729699373245,
0.01847056858241558,
-0.05117778107523918,
0.019211243838071823,
0.005813442170619965,
0.011338936164975166,
-0.007073975633829832,
-0.059407997876405716,
0.037464745342731476,
0.07134611159563065,
0.024595776572823524,
-0.0369117371737957,
-0.09478279948234558,
0.009547886438667774,
0.13478082418441772,
0.014410348609089851,
-0.07566199451684952,
-0.009269330650568008,
0.05780399963259697,
0.08573359251022339,
0.0006526468205265701,
-0.003227813169360161,
-0.018039600923657417,
0.05753010883927345,
0.001832545967772603,
0.05138860270380974,
0.00924640242010355,
-0.019652077928185463,
0.015535848215222359,
-0.12624035775661469,
-0.0901683047413826,
0.004314133431762457,
0.0034537245519459248,
0.023497214540839195,
0.010324710980057716,
0.0693393275141716,
0.041751597076654434,
-0.020362135022878647,
0.047080397605895996,
0.06049913540482521,
0.0625641793012619,
-0.037172965705394745,
-0.03399234265089035,
0.08841445297002792
] | {
"pdf_file": "KMELIR3DJDUFB52NSPC42LSIU6OOD77U.pdf",
"text": " \nSoutheast Region \nProtected Resources Division \n \n \nMarine Mammal Spe cies Scientific Name Status \nblue whale Balaenoptera musculus Endangered \nfin whale Balaenoptera physalus Endangered \nhumpback whale Megaptera novaeangliae Endangered \nNorth Atlantic right whale Eubalaena glacialis Endangered \nsei whale Balaenoptera borealis Endangered \nsperm whale Physeter macrocephalus Endangered \nSea Turtle Species \ngreen sea turtle Chelonia mydas Threatened1 \nhawksbill sea turtle Eretmochelys imbricata Endangered \nKemp's ridley sea turtle Lepidochelys kempii Endangered \nleatherback sea turtle Dermochelys coriacea Endangered \nloggerhead sea turtle Caretta caretta Threatened2 \nFish Species \nAtlantic sturgeon Acipenser oxyrhynchus oxyrhynchus Endangered3 \nGulf sturgeon Acipenser oxyrinchus desotoi Threatened \nscalloped hammerhead shark Sphyrna lewini Threatened4 \nshortnose sturgeon Acipenser brevirostrum Endangered \nsmalltooth sawfish Pristis pectinata Endangered \nInvertebrate Species \npillar coral Dendrogyra cylindrus Threatened \nrough cactus coral Mycetophyllia ferox Threatened \nlobed star coral Orbicella annularis Threatened \nmountainous star coral Orbicella faveolata Threatened \nboulder star coral Orbicella franksi Threatened \nelkhorn coral Acropora palmata Threatened \nstaghorn coral Acropora cervicornis Threatened \nSeagrass Species \nJohnson’s seagrass Halophila johnsonii Threatened \n \n1 Florida’s breeding population is listed as endangered. \n2 Northwest Atlantic distinct population s egment. \n3 The Carolina and the S outh Atlantic distinct population s egment s have spawning populations in Southeast rivers . \n Additional distinct population segm ents occur in Southeast waters. \n4 Central and southwest Atlantic distinct population s egment. Southeast Region \n(Texas through North Carolina , Puerto Rico , and the U.S. Virgin Islands ) \nThreatened and Endangered Species \nFor more information on these listed species please visit: \nhttp://www.nmfs.noaa.gov/pr/species/esa/listed.htm \nhttp://sero.nmfs.noaa.gov/protected _resources/index.html \n \n \n \n \n \n \nSoutheast Region \nProtected Resources Division \nNorth Atlantic right whale : Coastal and offshore waters from the Altamaha River in Georgia to \nSabastian Inlet in Florida. The re is a proposed r ule to expand critical habitat to include all \nmarine waters from Cape Fear, North Carolina, southward to about 45 miles north of Cape \nCanaveral, Florida. \nLoggerhead sea turtle : There are 38 designated marine areas that occur throughout the Southeast \nRegion. \nGreen sea turtle : Coastal waters surrounding Culebra Island, Puerto Rico. \nHawksbill sea turtle : Coastal waters surrounding Mona and Monito Islands, Puerto Rico. \nLeatherback sea turtle : Coastal waters adjacent to Sandy Point from the mean high tide line to \nthe hundred fathom curve , St. Croix, U.S. Virgin Islands. \nGulf sturgeon : There are 14 marine and estuarine units located in Northwest Florida, Alabama, \nMississippi , and eastern Lou isiana . \nSmalltooth sawfish : There are two habitat units located in Charlotte Harbor and in the Ten \nThousand Islands/Everglades, Florida. \nElkhorn and Staghorn corals : There are four designated marine areas in Florida , Puerto Rico , \nand the U.S. Virgin Islands (i.e., St. John /St. Thomas, and St. Croix). \nJohnson’s seagrass: There are 10 designated habitat units located on Florida’s east coast. Critical Habitat Designations \nFor final rules, maps, and GIS data please visit: \nhttp://sero.nmfs.noaa.gov/maps_gis_data/protected_resources/critical_habitat/index.html \n \n \n \nSoutheast Region \nProtected Resources Division \nSpecies Proposed for Listing \nUnder the Endangered Species Act \n Federal action agencies are encouraged to include species proposed for listing under the \nEndangered Species Act (E SA) in their Section 7 consultation requests. Species that are \nproposed for listing are those which have been found to warrant federal protection under the \nESA, but a fin al rule formally listing the species has not yet published. By including t hese \nspecies in your Section 7 consultation , reinitiating consultation after the ESA listing is finalized \nmay not be necessary . \nFor more information on species proposed for listing under the ESA , please visit : \nhttp://www.nmfs.noaa.gov/pr/species/esa/candidate.htm#proposed \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n "
} |
[
0.020694270730018616,
-0.06660029292106628,
0.027280956506729126,
0.06368747353553772,
0.02423839643597603,
-0.02769550122320652,
-0.057607393711805344,
-0.02169870212674141,
0.08417981117963791,
0.0064919996075332165,
-0.01871325634419918,
-0.07707604765892029,
-0.03566741570830345,
-0.01909830793738365,
-0.016819024458527565,
-0.05525745078921318,
0.05832747370004654,
-0.053748562932014465,
-0.05608357489109039,
0.07217501103878021,
0.028135204687714577,
0.021588096395134926,
-0.09855297207832336,
-0.0018555461429059505,
-0.019629286602139473,
0.07575653493404388,
-0.07747983932495117,
-0.011633547022938728,
0.012628253549337387,
0.010802564211189747,
0.01828930526971817,
-0.026796702295541763,
0.040999311953783035,
0.10143730789422989,
-0.04792013391852379,
-0.04356859251856804,
-0.03194954991340637,
-0.055146392434835434,
0.027244742959737778,
0.08154276758432388,
-0.005806198809295893,
-0.015316293574869633,
-0.05213453248143196,
0.041663073003292084,
-0.043906070291996,
0.03400379791855812,
-0.023486832156777382,
0.042188823223114014,
-0.03207680955529213,
0.03044312819838524,
-0.003729252377524972,
-0.023949936032295227,
-0.04514471814036369,
0.04005787521600723,
-0.06339256465435028,
0.002374067669734359,
-0.010373750701546669,
-0.012790686450898647,
-0.010950843803584576,
-0.022767504677176476,
-0.07814113795757294,
-0.05321070924401283,
0.000626848719548434,
0.024850092828273773,
0.07257634401321411,
0.0437621995806694,
-0.08647420257329941,
0.16953371465206146,
0.017956683412194252,
-0.09721869230270386,
0.00910537876188755,
0.05517289415001869,
0.0734362006187439,
0.02574923075735569,
0.034653473645448685,
0.12269240617752075,
-0.06084118410944939,
-0.009357946924865246,
0.023136060684919357,
-0.02695358172059059,
0.05665368586778641,
0.06437399983406067,
-0.05255642160773277,
-0.011407658457756042,
0.039285752922296524,
0.005519579630345106,
0.02230767160654068,
0.02789253555238247,
0.02639946900308132,
-0.003101063659414649,
0.07065153867006302,
-0.003008131869137287,
0.031037602573633194,
0.002043972024694085,
0.055094607174396515,
0.07888506352901459,
0.07962746173143387,
-0.016775039955973625,
-0.02944466844201088,
-0.024010444059967995,
0.030967185273766518,
-0.015622303821146488,
0.04257284104824066,
0.009647222235798836,
-0.027980372309684753,
-0.010556616820394993,
-0.023193098604679108,
-0.0139807453379035,
0.00018577354785520583,
-0.06898927688598633,
-0.11827864497900009,
-0.025432219728827477,
0.04565167427062988,
-0.12487535923719406,
0.07534441351890564,
0.009130476973950863,
-0.03234974294900894,
0.05953337252140045,
-0.038875553756952286,
-0.12834671139717102,
-0.053822606801986694,
-0.0726759061217308,
0.07241059094667435,
0.06182216852903366,
0.016158360987901688,
0.04686177149415016,
-0.034667253494262695,
6.650296841639704e-33,
0.07854048162698746,
0.004426046274602413,
-0.04580152779817581,
0.04280956834554672,
0.027557339519262314,
-0.00815484207123518,
-0.04097166284918785,
-0.0038982967380434275,
-0.06307613104581833,
0.03469442203640938,
-0.08505190908908844,
0.07186754047870636,
-0.06851599365472794,
0.011840340681374073,
0.05529778078198433,
-0.023660896345973015,
0.023712607100605965,
0.022400587797164917,
-0.05847843363881111,
0.020026497542858124,
-0.043644484132528305,
-0.08113513886928558,
0.04117584228515625,
-0.020440394058823586,
-0.05117620527744293,
-0.025096407160162926,
0.04275751858949661,
-0.03578624874353409,
-0.01599893532693386,
0.016735151410102844,
0.003926076926290989,
0.033555179834365845,
-0.013055193237960339,
0.031179577112197876,
-0.01099697407335043,
-0.00020807031251024455,
-0.04638556391000748,
0.008264471776783466,
-0.012413162738084793,
-0.07341860234737396,
0.034620411694049835,
-0.05652543902397156,
0.001182965119369328,
0.029803304001688957,
0.07397884875535965,
-0.05063292011618614,
0.11763983219861984,
-0.0015122723998501897,
0.05157310888171196,
-0.041903574019670486,
-0.019548922777175903,
0.03872391954064369,
0.03233050927519798,
-0.060178834944963455,
0.00106966367457062,
0.07224578410387039,
0.07750365138053894,
0.03092234581708908,
0.03191068023443222,
0.027684621512889862,
-0.11891572922468185,
-0.039329275488853455,
0.04135843738913536,
-0.09674752503633499,
-0.01116588432341814,
0.025133205577731133,
-0.0825754776597023,
0.13386280834674835,
0.002279439941048622,
0.019507450982928276,
0.057823847979307175,
0.032039105892181396,
0.057706017047166824,
0.03010193072259426,
0.024843866005539894,
0.006953515112400055,
0.10219600051641464,
0.030878303572535515,
0.014134295284748077,
0.010387730784714222,
-0.08785351365804672,
0.14517980813980103,
-0.013257649727165699,
-0.03488665819168091,
-0.07202062010765076,
-0.02267315797507763,
0.01905723847448826,
0.014839927665889263,
-0.014496304094791412,
0.1002286896109581,
0.04094850271940231,
0.0009743116097524762,
0.02967517264187336,
-0.04892180487513542,
0.0177199337631464,
-5.983336775346493e-33,
0.006458780728280544,
-0.03206910565495491,
-0.11038951575756073,
0.020397275686264038,
-0.022247131913900375,
-0.007475619670003653,
-0.01177467592060566,
0.06680216640233994,
-0.03478552773594856,
-0.11578337103128433,
0.02671698108315468,
-0.012930388562381268,
0.028648165985941887,
-0.03410157188773155,
0.05786199867725372,
0.009028562344610691,
-0.006253580097109079,
0.0011600423604249954,
-0.024968961253762245,
-0.05113727226853371,
0.05715272203087807,
-0.05537738278508186,
0.0037110107950866222,
-0.010145854204893112,
-0.010461751371622086,
0.022768158465623856,
0.018424460664391518,
0.004140167962759733,
0.034618694335222244,
0.04609687998890877,
0.020408090204000473,
0.07432272285223007,
-0.08830438554286957,
0.06313047558069229,
-0.024551859125494957,
0.0010160555830225348,
0.03139786422252655,
-0.02719009481370449,
-0.030283531174063683,
-0.02668922394514084,
-0.0046814801171422005,
-0.007126282900571823,
0.026206031441688538,
-0.09389229863882065,
0.029210221022367477,
0.027059480547904968,
0.014523474499583244,
0.07754345238208771,
0.08233367651700974,
-0.05374626815319061,
0.020765280351042747,
-0.005203691311180592,
-0.10113100707530975,
0.15113681554794312,
0.07822953909635544,
-0.00562490988522768,
-0.06062917783856392,
0.008814693428575993,
-0.08797890692949295,
-0.05343523249030113,
-0.08615369349718094,
-0.0945369228720665,
0.004398174583911896,
-0.05911391228437424,
-0.0047632730565965176,
-0.08692395687103271,
-0.00406202208250761,
0.0002777368063107133,
-0.009409073740243912,
0.005614025052636862,
-0.012622030451893806,
-0.06711380183696747,
-0.026329951360821724,
-0.06355434656143188,
0.11190946400165558,
-0.00877579115331173,
0.014108732342720032,
0.02252902276813984,
-0.007068957202136517,
0.02706005983054638,
-0.07432418316602707,
0.026676375418901443,
-0.032806843519210815,
-0.06108447164297104,
0.019447704777121544,
0.005488061346113682,
0.03248443081974983,
-0.07191400229930878,
-0.07072751969099045,
0.09105813503265381,
-0.07034772634506226,
0.05579899996519089,
-0.003281843848526478,
-0.001663887407630682,
0.03657955676317215,
-4.1145149509702605e-8,
-0.010230623185634613,
0.03763788193464279,
0.11982160806655884,
-0.0222813431173563,
0.05236528068780899,
-0.015250308439135551,
-0.04419572651386261,
0.025149572640657425,
-0.01859302818775177,
-0.017424719408154488,
0.06532175093889236,
-0.09559959173202515,
0.015325581654906273,
-0.11572928726673126,
0.050554193556308746,
-0.06709624081850052,
-0.06711853295564651,
0.017399897798895836,
0.014235630631446838,
-0.056604668498039246,
0.035894982516765594,
0.027822226285934448,
-0.0351351834833622,
0.028581807389855385,
0.06255839765071869,
0.03952840715646744,
0.010582891292870045,
-0.02037641406059265,
0.006119505036622286,
0.0034609176218509674,
0.0402367077767849,
-0.04276490584015846,
0.0886969119310379,
-0.1268334984779358,
0.027863604947924614,
0.04220367968082428,
-0.06200481951236725,
0.057798776775598526,
0.0010881006019189954,
0.03160502761602402,
0.042703043669462204,
-0.021542275324463844,
-0.04175646975636482,
0.011338397860527039,
-0.022189786657691002,
0.07626774162054062,
-0.014611782506108284,
0.02939757890999317,
-0.03775480389595032,
0.014178494922816753,
-0.06556222587823868,
-0.02733960933983326,
0.052296802401542664,
0.07900170236825943,
0.03455599024891853,
-0.029724156484007835,
0.04047922417521477,
-0.02885836362838745,
0.021103790029883385,
0.04570562392473221,
-0.015429037623107433,
-0.0073186783120036125,
-0.1093718633055687,
0.02642924338579178
] | {
"pdf_file": "C4NPAEIY6FLWJW4OYOXHQQPAARYGSVFG.pdf",
"text": "Weather State Variability at the Azores Site and the \nRelevance to Climate Model Evaluation \n \n \n \nGeorge Tselioudis, Jasmine Remillard, Andy Ackerman, Ann Fridlind \nNASA/GISS – Columbia University Global Weather States (WS) \nderived through cluster analysis of ISCCP TAU -PC histograms: \n 11 WS going from deep convective to stratocumulus clouds \n \nFair-weather WS7 most frequent \none \nSeparation of tropical and \nmidlatitude convective clouds \n Tropical -subtropical region \nshows a stratocumulus -shallow \ncumulus -fair weather balance \n \nTselioudis et al. 2013 Cloud Vertical Structure (CVS) of the ISCCP WS derived from CloudSat-\nCALIPSO retrievals Weather States in the Azores \n \nFair-weather most frequent but \nsignificant amounts of shallow \ncumulus, stratocumulus, and \nstorm clouds \n \nFair-weather increases southward \nand storm clouds northward of the Azores grid box. \nAzores vs Global WS \n \nLower fair -weather and \ndeep convection frequency \nand higher frequency of \nshallow cumulus and stratocumulus clouds Cloud Vertical Structure (CVS) of the Azores WS derived from AMF retrievals \n \n Weather States in the GISS GCM \n Model severely overpredicts the fair -\nweather WS and underpredicts the \nlow cloud WS \n \nTropical convection is overpredicted \nin the model \nGISS GCM WS in the Azores \n \nMost GCM WS deficiencies in the global domain are present in \nthe Azores analysis The case of Nov. 22, 2009: WS11 at 12z, WS10 at 15z \nModel simulations using the GISS SCM and the Dharma LES Summary \n \n \n \nWeather State analysis shows Azores to be a good lab to study major \ndeficiencies in GISS GCM cloud property simulations \n \n \nTools are in place to allow us to slide back and forth between global and \nlocal scale observations and model simulations. \n \n \nThe strategy is to use case study SCM and LES simulations constrained \nby AMF observations to understand model deficiencies in simulating cloud \nprocesses and attribute them to forcing field inadequacies or \nparameterization problems, and then use the satellite and GCM analysis to \nunderstand the relevance of those deficiencies to the global model climate \nsimulations. \n 500mb vertical velocity for the 12 WS \nSW and LW \nCloud Radiative Effect (CRE) for the 11 WS "
} |
[
-0.038381706923246384,
-0.05123051255941391,
-0.003411447862163186,
-0.01742013916373253,
-0.03886222839355469,
0.08408285677433014,
-0.01458935160189867,
0.05096668750047684,
-0.04992693290114403,
-0.09129438549280167,
0.03400518000125885,
-0.04036806896328926,
0.061474498361349106,
0.01659240759909153,
0.015036817640066147,
0.03338681161403656,
0.014157590456306934,
-0.031515516340732574,
-0.026135599240660667,
-0.018627416342496872,
0.1205887421965599,
0.0728633925318718,
-0.06392944604158401,
-0.009349235333502293,
-0.07297423481941223,
-0.06928037106990814,
0.006956901866942644,
0.06834162771701813,
0.06296822428703308,
-0.0676862895488739,
0.04719550535082817,
0.026344630867242813,
0.0289393812417984,
0.023298731073737144,
0.11630868911743164,
-0.061509422957897186,
-0.010088179260492325,
-0.011156412772834301,
-0.025919819250702858,
-0.12162930518388748,
0.08491916954517365,
-0.03194832801818848,
-0.07503295689821243,
0.13957631587982178,
-0.016354762017726898,
-0.004919989500194788,
-0.012395295314490795,
-0.024594798684120178,
0.07375985383987427,
0.06921358406543732,
0.04025532305240631,
0.07275263965129852,
0.00153763045091182,
0.02365059033036232,
-0.07939119637012482,
-0.045456256717443466,
-0.039312805980443954,
0.05450529605150223,
0.015312815085053444,
-0.046462755650281906,
0.0034471345134079456,
0.008737834170460701,
0.025102118030190468,
-0.017213651910424232,
-0.0017145297024399042,
0.028762005269527435,
-0.09125004708766937,
0.002621704712510109,
-0.07623780518770218,
-0.0851292684674263,
0.005698307417333126,
-0.10568877309560776,
-0.05794154107570648,
0.09292884916067123,
-0.016222357749938965,
-0.005039057694375515,
-0.0044838301837444305,
0.07185717672109604,
-0.007010024972259998,
-0.04428880661725998,
-0.05198616907000542,
0.01915878988802433,
0.024048537015914917,
-0.016627537086606026,
-0.06308501213788986,
-0.026410052552819252,
-0.040901683270931244,
0.014102518558502197,
0.020427582785487175,
0.02929570898413658,
0.04741710051894188,
-0.08218690752983093,
-0.03671923652291298,
-0.02912318892776966,
0.007183981593698263,
-0.0446479469537735,
-0.011087439022958279,
0.004126960411667824,
0.05875123664736748,
-0.00891850795596838,
-0.0010614823549985886,
-0.006217331625521183,
-0.06772317737340927,
0.04477061331272125,
-0.09563065320253372,
0.0014839136274531484,
0.015632856637239456,
0.05799024552106857,
0.020216314122080803,
0.010030831210315228,
0.046603813767433167,
0.02846144139766693,
0.027066819369792938,
-0.04161754250526428,
-0.019388526678085327,
0.04407339543104172,
-0.04299687221646309,
0.01742839254438877,
0.08728169649839401,
-0.027778692543506622,
-0.07558146119117737,
0.059148889034986496,
0.035931073129177094,
-0.059265319257974625,
0.07251378893852234,
-0.04578713700175285,
-0.04467974603176117,
5.499729215868588e-33,
-0.0794699415564537,
0.04304511472582817,
-0.028410302475094795,
0.0832710713148117,
-0.009744381532073021,
0.03550838306546211,
0.009846029803156853,
0.006613350007683039,
-0.04847615212202072,
0.05140215903520584,
-0.027532003819942474,
0.04369121417403221,
-0.027967097237706184,
-0.045983366668224335,
-0.014015937224030495,
-0.00620238296687603,
0.05007672309875488,
-0.002591935219243169,
0.0490100122988224,
0.0036838874220848083,
-0.02216213196516037,
-0.0638546496629715,
-0.013935881666839123,
0.01942712441086769,
-0.05817202851176262,
0.0691622644662857,
-0.0017389249987900257,
0.005504256580024958,
0.11458097398281097,
0.050423938781023026,
0.03825431689620018,
-0.01813247986137867,
-0.024969574064016342,
0.05386644974350929,
0.017309831455349922,
0.008817764930427074,
-0.09184221923351288,
0.00981193594634533,
-0.03162721171975136,
-0.07996594905853271,
0.031796894967556,
-0.0741676464676857,
-0.07959406077861786,
-0.0042042722925543785,
-0.01074452418833971,
-0.02214226871728897,
0.09007862955331802,
0.07134176045656204,
0.0650993213057518,
0.041882630437612534,
-0.07748422026634216,
0.02249465137720108,
-0.03716633841395378,
-0.08992695808410645,
-0.020077908411622047,
-0.011565806344151497,
-0.021656431257724762,
-0.015112021937966347,
0.006375395692884922,
-0.021559732034802437,
-0.03974784165620804,
0.06542664021253586,
-0.09515450149774551,
0.011385639198124409,
0.032296743243932724,
-0.10284069180488586,
0.004744655918329954,
-0.08600782603025436,
0.019855642691254616,
-0.0774029791355133,
0.03342587128281593,
0.028551330789923668,
0.09991440176963806,
0.01891619898378849,
0.054630499333143234,
0.000624313426669687,
-0.00969082023948431,
0.045283254235982895,
0.015054047107696533,
-0.01533092837780714,
-0.0739407017827034,
-0.0030310864094644785,
-0.08154015243053436,
-0.01070130430161953,
0.03030446171760559,
0.009877530857920647,
0.04070822894573212,
0.0039913225919008255,
-0.039288245141506195,
-0.009547200053930283,
0.02571876347064972,
-0.04197727516293526,
-0.1031591147184372,
0.07759242504835129,
0.006751962471753359,
-7.403217871072672e-33,
0.041635412722826004,
-0.0442601777613163,
0.014044078066945076,
-0.06759519875049591,
0.01693612150847912,
-0.007137966342270374,
0.10278303176164627,
-0.03662360459566116,
0.0112685551866889,
-0.07945681363344193,
0.017241405323147774,
0.00979626178741455,
0.030238773673772812,
0.007702122442424297,
-0.011532941833138466,
0.05204768106341362,
-0.01359266135841608,
0.05093952268362045,
0.005607848055660725,
-0.004958342760801315,
-0.0162531565874815,
0.046244826167821884,
0.018547503277659416,
0.057199444621801376,
-0.01841449737548828,
0.014760271646082401,
-0.06021958217024803,
0.10421808063983917,
0.04240841045975685,
0.009254025295376778,
0.06015124171972275,
-0.02529258094727993,
-0.004640050232410431,
0.049486320465803146,
-0.07714643329381943,
-0.11112963408231735,
0.008931885473430157,
0.05167946219444275,
0.02902311459183693,
-0.0054685212671756744,
-0.006068577989935875,
-0.040428586304187775,
-0.038269706070423126,
0.02658606506884098,
0.04928676411509514,
-0.0058248089626431465,
0.057169489562511444,
-0.11172336339950562,
0.10744611918926239,
-0.03243060037493706,
0.005590034183114767,
0.053095411509275436,
-0.018361501395702362,
-0.0004682050202973187,
-0.011071979068219662,
0.10141600668430328,
0.0827702209353447,
0.0021846527233719826,
-0.02098170295357704,
-0.018500255420804024,
0.1183023527264595,
0.09135131537914276,
0.050684165209531784,
0.024646824225783348,
-0.009861629456281662,
-0.08532146364450455,
0.013734868727624416,
-0.05119134858250618,
0.01540100947022438,
0.01962832175195217,
-0.09222384542226791,
-0.10323754698038101,
0.005349369253963232,
-0.06970448046922684,
-0.004223278257995844,
0.003948767203837633,
0.06345383077859879,
-0.006271971855312586,
-0.05866517126560211,
-0.09246489405632019,
-0.05289257690310478,
-0.02846371755003929,
-0.032533761113882065,
0.0894443616271019,
0.024021673947572708,
-0.0907415971159935,
0.0676080584526062,
-0.02745967172086239,
0.07512784749269485,
0.04467589035630226,
-0.11104187369346619,
0.04506460204720497,
-0.06706400215625763,
0.018820803612470627,
-0.06353255361318588,
-5.8044999917683526e-8,
-0.016965875402092934,
0.027232948690652847,
-0.04900684207677841,
0.01399039663374424,
0.06651201844215393,
0.020384496077895164,
-0.02654263935983181,
0.026933865621685982,
-0.08223935216665268,
0.04889153689146042,
0.003571072593331337,
-0.09995125234127045,
-0.0996202677488327,
0.0004662350402213633,
0.006656601093709469,
0.009825143963098526,
0.07825536280870438,
-0.005590731743723154,
0.027323922142386436,
-0.0313105583190918,
-0.009718691930174828,
-0.015397057868540287,
0.07505512237548828,
0.018073251470923424,
-0.09135469049215317,
-0.006515333894640207,
-0.03496883064508438,
-0.046984102576971054,
0.06899568438529968,
0.008054355159401894,
0.0706556960940361,
0.08667954802513123,
0.037833258509635925,
0.0024960834998637438,
-0.052951548248529434,
-0.07917153835296631,
-0.00618331041187048,
0.07337919622659683,
0.022838080301880836,
0.10446570068597794,
-0.031131956726312637,
0.023914137855172157,
-0.02399289980530739,
0.0239487886428833,
0.07989906519651413,
0.020629465579986572,
-0.1156625971198082,
-0.044566743075847626,
-0.00039297647890634835,
0.024892030283808708,
0.014983351342380047,
-0.09327837079763412,
-0.05453146621584892,
0.03619303181767464,
0.003017394570633769,
0.03837209194898605,
-0.03280576691031456,
-0.021245649084448814,
0.018071703612804413,
0.01067532692104578,
-0.0058211274445056915,
0.028978699818253517,
0.020513098686933517,
-0.09730822592973709
] | {
"pdf_file": "KQKKOFZRA2MSM7S4EEGOTH2CPEJOUNWD.pdf",
"text": "BLS-700-182 VEHICLE DLR/MFTR ADD (R/3/04)OR Page 1 of 2BUSINESS\nNAME\nThe Department of Licensing has a policy of providing equal access to its services.\nIf you need special accommodation, call (360) 664-1400 or TTY (360) 664-8885.UBIMASTER LICENSE SERVICE\nDEPARTMENT OF LICENSING\nPO BOX 9048\nOLYMPIA WA 98507-9048\nVEHICLE DEALER/MANUFACTURER ADDENDUM\n(For licensure as a dealer of Motor Vehicles, Manufactured Homes, Travel Trailers, Miscellaneous Vehicles,\nOff-Road Vehicles, Snowmobiles, Vessels and/or as a Vehicle Manufacturer)\nThis addendum form may only be submitted as an attachment to the Master Application form.\nPlease read the instruction pages before completing this form.\n1LICENSES REQUESTED (All applicants)\nMark all that apply to this business location only. Refer to the instruction sheet for special circumstances regarding any of t hese\nlicenses.WHOLESALE ONLY (no retail sales allowed)\n!Motor Vehicle Wholesaler (223) Only wholesale sales of used cars, trucks, and/or motor homes. You must attach a list of\nthe addresses of all facilities at which wholesale vehicle inventory will be stored.\nRETAIL SALES (also allows wholesale sales)\n!Motor Vehicle Dealer (220) !Miscellaneous Vehicle Dealer (238)\n!Motor Vehicle Dealer Subagency (221) !Miscellaneous Vehicle Dealer Subagency (239)\n!Manufactured Home-Travel Trailer Dealer (227) !Off-Road Vehicle Dealer (230)\n!Manufactured Home-Travel Trailer Dealer Subagency (228)!Snowmobile Dealer (232)\n!Vessel Dealer (234) ** !Vehicle Manufacturer (225) (attach a list of\ndealers in Washington selling your product)\n**As a vessel dealer, will you accept a customer’s money on deposit? ! Yes ! No\nIf “yes,” provide your trust account information below:\nBank Name: ______________________________ Branch: ________________________ Acct. No .____________________\n2LICENSE PLATES/DECALS REQUIRED (All Applicants)\nIndicate how many plates and/or vessel decals you need for this location (if you are applying for a subagency, any plates you request\nbelow for this location are considered in addition to those issued, or requested for the principal location). For those listed in the first\ncolumn below, you are allowed up to 3 plates each, per location. To calculate the maximum plates you may request for this location:\n1. Estimate sales for the next 12 months under one license type for this location. 2. Multiply by 6% (.06), round up fractions. Repeat\nfor other plate types.\n Plate Plate/Decal\nSales volume estimates required for these plates, see above Quantity No calculations required for these plates/decals Quantity\nMotor Vehicle Dealer or Subagency (or Wholesaler )............... Off-Road Vehicle Dealer ...........................\nMfd. Home-Travel Trailer Dealer or Subagency ........................ Snowmobile Dealer ................................ \nMisc. Vehicle Dealer or Subagency (Motorcycles)..................... Vehicle Manufacturer ............................. \n3Misc. Vehicle Dealer or Subagency (Trailers, etc.).................... Vessel Dealer ..............................................\n3NEW VEHICLE SALES (Motor Vehicle, Manufactured Home/Travel Trailer, and Miscellaneous Vehicle Dealer Applicants Only)\nMark whether at this location you will be selling NEW vehicles in those classifications listed below:\nType of Vehicle Dealer New Vehicle Sales?\nMotor Vehicle Dealer or Subagency ................................................................................... ! Yes! No\nManufactured Home-Travel Trailer Dealer or Subagency ......................................................... ! Yes! No\nMiscellaneous Vehicle Dealer or Subagency ..................................................................... ! Yes! No\nIf you marked “yes” to any of the above , you must attach to this application:\n# A list of all the vehicle manufacturers (name and address and Washington State vehicle manufacturer and/or UBI\n number) your dealership represents; and\n# A Sales and Service Agreement for each manufacturer listed (see the instruction sheet for a suggested format)\n BLS-700-182 VEHICLE DLR/MFTR ADD (R/3/04)OR Page 1 of 24EXEMPTIONS (Auctioneer and Vessel Dealer Certifications and Exemptions)\nAuctioneers\nAre you applying for a motor vehicle dealer license and requesting the auctioneer exemption?.................. ! Yes! No\nIf you marked “yes”:\n$You must have a current auctioneer license, issued under RCW 18.11; and\n$Your signature on the Master Application certifies you do not intend to own vehicle inventory and all vehicle sales will occur off-\nsite, away from your place of business.\nVessel Dealer Bond Waiver\nAre you applying for a vessel dealer license and requesting exemption from the bonding requirement? .... ! Yes! No\nIf you marked “yes”:\n$Your signature on the Master Application certifies you will not sell more than fifteen (15) vessels per year, having a retail v alue of\nnot more than $2000 dollars each.\n$To maintain the exemption you will be required to certify on the annual renewal notice that the number of vessels sold and thehighest retail value of any vessel sold in the registration year did not exceed the allowed limits.\n5\n5BONDING\nYou must attach properly executed surety bond(s) for the business activities indicated. Refer to the instruction sheet for bonddescriptions, requirements, and minimum dollar amounts.\n$If you have applied for a license as a Motor Vehicle Wholesaler , Motor Vehicle Dealer or its Subagency , Manufactured Home-\nTravel Trailer Dealer or its Subagency , and/or Miscellaneous Vehicle Dealer or its Subagency, all activities may be covered by\na single bond for this one business location. Please refer to the instruction sheet.\n$The Vehicle Manufacturer license requires its own bond, but a bond is only required if manufactured homes and/or travel trailers\nare being manufactured.\n$The Vessel Dealer license requires a separate bond for each business location (unless exempted, see section 4).\nNote: There is no bond required for the Off-Road Vehicle Dealer or Snowmobile Dealer licenses.\n6\n6SUPPLEMENTAL DOCUMENTATION\nIn addition to the documents requested previously on this addendum, you must also attach to this application some or all of the\ndocuments and/or lists indicated below. Refer to the instruction sheet to determine which of these you must include, then check the\nappropriate boxes below and attach the required documentation to the application.\n!Certificate of Dealer Education !Business Property Lease Agreement\n!Corporate/LLC Information Sheet !Description of Vehicles Manufactured\n!Financial Statement !Warranty & Service Agreement\n!Personal/Criminal History !List of Distributing Dealerships\n ! Fingerprint Cards\n77BUSINESS LOCATION REQUIREMENTS\nPlease read the business location requirements in Section 7 of the instructions for the Vehicle Dealer/Manufacturer Addendum.\n$Your application will not be approved without meeting the requirements for the place of business.\n$Your signature on the Master Application certifies that this business location site meets all applicable building codes, zoning and\nother land-use ordinances.\n$If a site inspection and certification is required for the licenses you have requested, you will be contacted by the Vehicle Se rvices\nDivision to arrange the inspection by a Vehicle Services Investigator. If you have questions please call Dealer Services at(360) 664-6466."
} |
[
0.032678548246622086,
-0.041113920509815216,
-0.04792046919465065,
0.05140562355518341,
0.013891022652387619,
0.012450986541807652,
-0.0500059649348259,
0.07203926891088486,
-0.026249919086694717,
0.08095953613519669,
0.021425260230898857,
0.054382383823394775,
0.048688776791095734,
0.044350821524858475,
-0.10901366919279099,
-0.010343939997255802,
0.02361520379781723,
-0.07918623834848404,
-0.041375428438186646,
-0.031262584030628204,
-0.01507617998868227,
0.07707781344652176,
0.0312259029597044,
0.02688346430659294,
-0.04177858680486679,
-0.0012234282912686467,
-0.12584887444972992,
-0.0427430123090744,
-0.016354670748114586,
-0.002035236218944192,
0.008492852561175823,
0.017048228532075882,
-0.06803055107593536,
0.015245435759425163,
0.03622797131538391,
-0.04505494609475136,
-0.008319949731230736,
-0.0090596042573452,
-0.01847250387072563,
0.06617722660303116,
0.062287587672472,
-0.022691108286380768,
0.007390780374407768,
-0.018162984400987625,
-0.025879424065351486,
-0.0722094476222992,
-0.17288894951343536,
0.08635669946670532,
-0.017379703000187874,
0.06387390941381454,
0.0055971466936171055,
-0.07885204255580902,
0.02734566479921341,
0.0796843096613884,
0.014055514708161354,
-0.05012138932943344,
-0.06269599497318268,
-0.11066512018442154,
-0.04209711030125618,
0.029796134680509567,
-0.046298231929540634,
0.008567421697080135,
-0.03378254175186157,
-0.0010228058090433478,
-0.01980646885931492,
-0.0077580916695296764,
-0.017266472801566124,
-0.05729199945926666,
0.024974606931209564,
-0.0007514894823543727,
0.04148928076028824,
-0.002941329265013337,
-0.06353069841861725,
0.10013985633850098,
0.025743450969457626,
0.003216539276763797,
0.02451486513018608,
-0.002311921678483486,
0.09325406700372696,
-0.019489211961627007,
0.0728231891989708,
0.015710484236478806,
0.1534280925989151,
0.042510904371738434,
0.04850121960043907,
-0.039304137229919434,
0.010108895599842072,
0.07942142337560654,
0.023497289046645164,
0.0068237693049013615,
0.09036421030759811,
0.10795202851295471,
0.04637705162167549,
0.0034049118403345346,
0.00824120081961155,
-0.04294554144144058,
0.005449479445815086,
-0.001983395079150796,
-0.06510435044765472,
-0.020349226891994476,
-0.08246088027954102,
-0.07482153922319412,
0.009142999537289143,
-0.020454181358218193,
-0.03679521009325981,
-0.0747455433011055,
0.012416091747581959,
-0.042476534843444824,
-0.042805276811122894,
0.0037032654508948326,
0.014551570639014244,
0.10237529873847961,
0.008479372598230839,
-0.0012678294442594051,
0.0336732417345047,
0.042830415070056915,
0.0009745846618898213,
-0.04104181379079819,
-0.013116368092596531,
0.04284040257334709,
-0.032348811626434326,
-0.043444517999887466,
-0.06418613344430923,
-0.0008211348904296756,
0.09100145846605301,
0.07332320511341095,
-0.11752386391162872,
6.0277972777724534e-33,
0.0326695553958416,
-0.030601637437939644,
0.023778099566698074,
-0.00289250910282135,
0.027958663180470467,
0.0363357849419117,
-0.0682026669383049,
-0.045681167393922806,
0.018465766683220863,
-0.03840082138776779,
-0.01410309225320816,
-0.01835598610341549,
0.04637832194566727,
0.11160800606012344,
-0.06258543580770493,
0.052646487951278687,
0.009272371418774128,
0.02930382639169693,
-0.09030486643314362,
-0.01798349618911743,
0.04553878307342529,
-0.044983576983213425,
0.009148680604994297,
0.010894939303398132,
-0.06503402441740036,
0.08366897702217102,
-0.130645290017128,
0.05586060881614685,
0.017650123685598373,
-0.015934042632579803,
0.0014658609870821238,
-0.05272376909852028,
0.030198633670806885,
-0.07011736184358597,
-0.019019311293959618,
0.015130396001040936,
0.02459569089114666,
0.007244321517646313,
-0.01539042592048645,
0.02411462739109993,
-0.03211960569024086,
0.05802427977323532,
-0.07922536879777908,
0.04662464186549187,
0.08369985222816467,
-0.023081641644239426,
-0.009678295813500881,
-0.057768043130636215,
-0.034773822873830795,
-0.038896769285202026,
-0.012290812097489834,
0.04042244330048561,
0.04023074731230736,
-0.05834943428635597,
-0.05220073461532593,
0.030310532078146935,
-0.037178248167037964,
-0.025946220383048058,
0.029327763244509697,
0.008675736375153065,
0.11619365215301514,
0.05598132684826851,
-0.02496562898159027,
-0.04338696599006653,
0.02706764079630375,
-0.07448673993349075,
0.013772926293313503,
0.018949471414089203,
-0.05110149830579758,
0.05183069407939911,
0.03321763873100281,
-0.020238090306520462,
0.05071548372507095,
-0.00020466494606807828,
0.05921870097517967,
-0.014343392103910446,
0.019123675301671028,
0.07745952159166336,
-0.023531677201390266,
-0.05541996657848358,
-0.08763960003852844,
-0.06229495257139206,
0.0595647394657135,
0.08674914389848709,
-0.021648740395903587,
-0.06551478058099747,
-0.01569126360118389,
0.066603884100914,
-0.063588447868824,
-0.028876926749944687,
0.024212108924984932,
0.05889955163002014,
0.004433347377926111,
0.01803465560078621,
-0.04310731589794159,
-7.29153121406517e-33,
-0.052288420498371124,
0.030202951282262802,
0.02722117304801941,
-0.08935666084289551,
0.025331471115350723,
0.03725191950798035,
0.04865729808807373,
0.0259692519903183,
0.14127737283706665,
-0.11413133144378662,
0.027093378826975822,
-0.00865460280328989,
0.03398219123482704,
-0.03123217262327671,
-0.0018503953469917178,
0.04933307692408562,
-0.07612769305706024,
0.0025072216521948576,
-0.057155825197696686,
-0.002857489511370659,
-0.04315218701958656,
-0.04006878659129143,
-0.0018378922250121832,
0.051494769752025604,
0.021713128313422203,
0.03800661861896515,
0.03247734159231186,
-0.014159214682877064,
-0.0013886858941987157,
-0.06026529148221016,
-0.014851178973913193,
0.0715499073266983,
0.0320262536406517,
0.0008447597501799464,
-0.06356952339410782,
0.042500413954257965,
0.024987906217575073,
-0.06516256928443909,
-0.01225426234304905,
-0.09040002524852753,
0.038108497858047485,
0.008744743652641773,
0.032533373683691025,
0.018499212339520454,
0.05222025141119957,
0.10671795159578323,
-0.027399728074669838,
0.013187780976295471,
-0.017414186149835587,
0.034084536135196686,
-0.03517703339457512,
0.07264665514230728,
-0.03663408011198044,
0.05641822889447212,
-0.017249392345547676,
-0.027643058449029922,
-0.020867105573415756,
-0.1221751719713211,
-0.0929572656750679,
0.004114858340471983,
-0.013419070281088352,
0.03672630339860916,
-0.11607027053833008,
-0.006639920640736818,
0.08727169036865234,
-0.0344812236726284,
0.09508530050516129,
-0.043702345341444016,
0.07545853406190872,
-0.019882723689079285,
-0.02537236548960209,
-0.037979234009981155,
-0.10254426300525665,
-0.1004224345088005,
-0.031046170741319656,
0.021696148440241814,
-0.05769883841276169,
0.03753238916397095,
0.025372449308633804,
0.0145565215498209,
-0.0024906392209231853,
-0.05726274102926254,
-0.006430397741496563,
0.027998968958854675,
0.06890758872032166,
0.0395367406308651,
-0.04949534311890602,
-0.06028810143470764,
0.004404838662594557,
0.048802100121974945,
-0.0338594913482666,
-0.05923500284552574,
-0.08781962841749191,
0.005908410530537367,
-0.03309289738535881,
-7.5268062005307e-8,
0.1110394299030304,
0.018810361623764038,
0.006725620478391647,
0.03847396746277809,
0.030856765806674957,
0.02995341643691063,
-0.026841092854738235,
0.06254420429468155,
0.008644545450806618,
0.09147267043590546,
-0.011218663305044174,
0.04171549156308174,
0.025260629132390022,
-0.08442141860723495,
0.016769802197813988,
-0.060699328780174255,
-0.027938982471823692,
0.048871420323848724,
-0.020225275307893753,
-0.018900245428085327,
-0.08702349662780762,
0.01666327379643917,
0.00998367927968502,
-0.04030357301235199,
0.04389040172100067,
-0.08167866617441177,
0.01193193718791008,
0.027438051998615265,
0.030838141217827797,
-0.02738187462091446,
-0.0860837996006012,
0.0008941810810938478,
0.013253382407128811,
-0.022479819133877754,
0.005614032503217459,
-0.03450128436088562,
0.05110282078385353,
-0.014214260503649712,
0.04011550918221474,
0.07189624756574631,
0.07867931574583054,
0.023275788873434067,
-0.019701192155480385,
-0.025268077850341797,
-0.005445301067084074,
-0.041531823575496674,
-0.003033632645383477,
0.014042315073311329,
0.13274908065795898,
-0.0724327564239502,
0.05440767481923103,
-0.05431830883026123,
0.0010875470470637083,
0.056830376386642456,
-0.05562211945652962,
0.057369790971279144,
-0.03197688236832619,
-0.030573729425668716,
0.024958882480859756,
-0.054697711020708084,
0.053843844681978226,
-0.08312994241714478,
-0.01952320896089077,
0.06030460447072983
] | {
"pdf_file": "4P4SBCDNQWWUH5CI2KLPHVFIUV54ODLT.pdf",
"text": " Peer-Reviewed Journal Tracking and Analyzing Disease Trends pages 1891–2100\nManaging Senior Editor\nPolyxeni Potter, Atlanta, Georgia, USA\nSenior Associate Editor\nBrian W.J. Mahy, Atlanta, Georgia, USA\nAssociate Editors\nPaul Arguin, Atlanta, Georgia, USACharles Ben Beard, Ft. Collins, Colorado, USADavid Bell, Atlanta, Georgia, USACharles H. Calisher, Ft. Collins, Colorado, USAMichel Drancourt, Marseille, FrancePaul V . Ef fl er, Perth, Australia\nK. Mills McNeill, Kampala, UgandaNina Marano, Atlanta, Georgia, USAMartin I. Meltzer, Atlanta, Georgia, USADavid Morens, Bethesda, Maryland, USAJ. Glenn Morris, Gainesville, Florida, USAPatrice Nordmann, Paris, FranceTanja Popovic, Atlanta, Georgia, USAJocelyn A. Rankin, Atlanta, Georgia, USADidier Raoult, Marseille, FrancePierre Rollin, Atlanta, Georgia, USADixie E. Snider, Atlanta, Georgia, USAFrank Sorvillo, Los Angeles, California, USADavid Walker, Galveston, Texas, USADavid Warnock, Atlanta, Georgia, USAJ. Todd Weber, Atlanta, Georgia, USA\nHenrik C. Wegener, Copenhagen, Denmark\nFounding Editor\nJoseph E. McDade, Rome, Georgia, USA\nCopy Editors\nKaren Foster, Thomas Gryczan, Nancy Mannikko, Beverly Merritt, Rhonda Ray, Carol Snarey, P. Lynne Stockton\nProduction\nCarrie Huntington, Ann Jordan, Carole Liston, Shannon O’Connor, Reginald Tucker \nEditorial Assistant\nSusanne Justice\nwww.cdc.gov/eid\nEmerging Infectious Diseases\nEmerging Infectious Diseases is published monthly by the Centers for Disease \nControl and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road, Mailstop D61, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA. Telephone 404-639-1960, fax 404-639-1954, email eideditor@cdc.gov. \nThe opinions expressed by authors contributing to this journal do not necessar-\nily refl ect the opinions of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention or the \ninstitutions with which the authors are af fi liated.\nAll material published in Emerging Infectious Diseases is in the public domain \nand may be used and reprinted without special permission; proper citation, how-ever, is required.\nUse of trade names is for identi fi cation only and does not imply endorsement \nby the Public Health Service or by the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services.\n∞ Emerging Infectious Diseases is printed on acid-free paper that meets the requirements of \nANSI/NISO 239.48-1992 (Permanence of Paper)EDITORIAL BOARD\nDennis Alexander, Addlestone Surrey, United Kingdom\nBarry J. Beaty, Ft. Collins, Colorado, USAMartin J. Blaser, New York, New York, USAChristopher Braden, Atlanta, GA, USACarolyn Bridges, Atlanta, GA, USAArturo Casadevall, New York, New York, USAKenneth C. Castro, Atlanta, Georgia, USAThomas Cleary, Houston, Texas, USAAnne DeGroot, Providence, Rhode Island, USAVincent Deubel, Shanghai, ChinaEd Eitzen, Washington, DC, USADavid Freedman, Birmingham, AL, USAKathleen Gensheimer, Cambridge, MA, USAPeter Gerner-Smidt, Atlanta, GA, USADuane J. Gubler, SingaporeRichard L. Guerrant, Charlottesville, Virginia, USAScott Halstead, Arlington, Virginia, USADavid L. Heymann, Geneva, SwitzerlandDaniel B. Jernigan, Atlanta, Georgia, USACharles King, Cleveland, Ohio, USAKeith Klugman, Atlanta, Georgia, USATakeshi Kurata, Tokyo, JapanS.K. Lam, Kuala Lumpur, MalaysiaBruce R. Levin, Atlanta, Georgia, USAMyron Levine, Baltimore, Maryland, USAStuart Levy, Boston, Massachusetts, USAJohn S. MacKenzie, Perth, AustraliaMarian McDonald, Atlanta, Georgia, USAJohn E. McGowan, Jr., Atlanta, Georgia, USATom Marrie, Edmonton, Alberta, CanadaBan Mishu-Allos, Nashville, Tennessee, USAPhilip P. Mortimer, London, United KingdomFred A. Murphy, Galveston, Texas, USABarbara E. Murray, Houston, Texas, USAP. Keith Murray, Geelong, AustraliaStephen M. Ostroff, Harrisburg, Pennsylvania, USADavid H. Persing, Seattle, Washington, USARichard Platt, Boston, Massachusetts, USA\nGabriel Rabinovich, Buenos Aires, Argentina\nMario Raviglione, Geneva, SwitzerlandLeslie Real, Atlanta, Georgia, USADavid Relman, Palo Alto, California, USAConnie Schmaljohn, Frederick, Maryland, USATom Schwan, Hamilton, Montana, USAIra Schwartz, Valhalla, New York, USATom Shinnick, Atlanta, Georgia, USABonnie Smoak, Bethesda, Maryland, USARosemary Soave, New York, New York, USAP. Frederick Sparling, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USARobert Swanepoel, Johannesburg, South AfricaPhillip Tarr, St. Louis, Missouri, USATimothy Tucker, Cape Town, South AfricaElaine Tuomanen, Memphis, Tennessee, USAJohn Ward, Atlanta, Georgia, USAMary E. Wilson, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA\n Emerging Infectious Diseases • www.cdc.gov/eid • Vol. 15, No. 12, December 2009EDITOR-IN-CHIEF\nD. Peter Drotman\n Emerging Infectious Diseases • www.cdc.gov/eid • Vol. 15, No. 12, December 2009 Synopsis\nTowards Control of \nStreptococcus iniae ............................... 1891\nJ.C.F. Baiano and A.C. Barnes\nRecently identi fi ed virulence factors can lead to new \napproaches, such as vaccination programs at fi sh farms.\nResearch\nGenomic Signatures of In fl uenza A \nPandemic (H1N1) 2009 Virus ................. 1897\nG.-W. Chen and S.-R. Shih\nAmino acid signatures at host species–speci fi c positions \nmay affect virus transformation.\nTick-borne Agents in Rodents, China, 2004–2006.................................... 1904\nL. Zhan et al.\nRodent species may be involved in enzootic maintenance.\nHospital Infection Control Response \nto Epidemic Respiratory Virus Threat .. 1909\nY .Y . Dan et al.\nInfl uenza A pandemic (H1N1) 2009 can be contained with \nless-expensive measures than other viruses. \nPossible Interruption of Malaria Transmission, Highland Kenya, 2007–2008................................................ 1917\nC.C. John et al.\nAnnual insecticide spraying and artemisinin combination \ntherapy may stop transmission.\nCME ACTIVITY\nCommunity-associated Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus \nin Outpatients, USA, 1999–2006 ............ 1925\nE. Klein et al.\nThese patients likely in fl uence transmission in hospitals.Highly Pathogenic Avian In fl uenza \nVirus (H5N1) in Backyard Chickens, Bangladesh ............................................. 1931\nP.K. Biswas et al.\nUsing slaughter remnants of purchased chickens as feed, \nhaving water nearby, and having contact with pigeons were risk factors.\nTularemia Outbreaks in Sweden ........... 1937\nK. Svensson et al.\nTransmission sites of speci fi c genotypes were highly \nlocalized during natural outbreaks. \nAnaplasma phagocytophilum \nEcotypes in Enzootic Cycles ................. 1948\nK.J. Bown et al.\nGenetically distinct subpopulations have adapted to different \nniches.\nNovel Calicivirus in Rabbits, Michigan, USA ........................................ 1955\nI.L. Bergin et al.\nThis virus is distinct from rabbit hemorrhagic disease virus.\nPolicy Review\nPandemic In fl uenza as 21st Century \nUrban Public Health Crisis .................... 1963\nD.M. Bell et al.\nResponses of Mexico City and New York City in spring 2009 \nillustrate the importance of advance planning.\nDispatches\n1970 Oseltamivir-Resistant In fl uenza A \nPandemic (H1N1) 2009 Virus, Hong Kong, ChinaH. Chen et al.\n1973 Antiviral Drug–Resistant In fl uenza A in \nLong-Term Care Facility, Illinois, USA, 2008N.J. Dharan et al.\n1977 Sympatry of 2 Hantavirus Strains, \nParaguay, 2003–2007Y .-K. Chu et al.\n1981 Cross-Sectional Survey of Hantavirus \nInfection, BrazilJ.E. Limongi et al.\n1984 Bartonella rochalimae in Raccoons, \nCoyotes, and Red FoxesJ.B. Henn et al.December 2009\np. 1958\np. 1965\nOn the Cover\nRosa Bonheur (1822–1899) \nPlowing in Nivernais (1850) \nOil on canvas(133.4 cm × 259.1 cm)SN433 Collection of the John and Mable Ringling Museum of Art, the State Art Museum of Florida, a Division of Florida State University\nAbout the Cover p. 2087 1988 CTX-M β-Lactamase Production and \nVirulence of Escherichia coli K1\nD. Dubois et al.\n1991 Ehrlichia chaffeensis in Sika Deer, Nara \nPark, JapanM. Kawahara et al.\n1994 Diagnostic Assay for Rickettsia japonica\nN. Hanaoka et al.\n1998 Novel Lineage of Methicillin-Resistant \nStaphylococcus aureus in Pigs\nL. Guardabassi et al.\n2001 Respiratory Infection in Institutions \nduring Early Stages of Pandemic (H1N1) 2009A. Marchand-Austin et al.\n2004 Estimating the Prevalence of Pandemic \n(H1N1) 2009 in the United States, April–July 2009C. Reed et al.\n2008 Mopeia Virus–related Arenavirus in Natal \nMultimammate Mice, TanzaniaS. Günther et al.\n2013 Molecular Model of Prion Transmission to \nHumansM. Jones et al.\n2017 Dobrava-Belgrade Virus Spillover \nInfections, GermanyM. Schegel et al.\n2021 Wild Felids as Hosts for Human Plague, \nWestern United StatesS.N. Bevins et al.\n2025 Transplacental Transmission of \nBluetongue Virus 8 in Cattle, UKK.E. Darpal et al.\n2029 Echinococcus vogeli Infection in a \nHunter, French GuianaJ. Knapp et al.\n2032 Recombination in Vaccine and Circulating \nStrains of Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome VirusesB. Li et al.\n2036 Molecular Epidemiologic Analysis of \nRecent Glanders Outbreaks, PakistanH. Hornstra et al.\n2040 Aleutian Mink Disease Virus and Humans\nJ.R. Jepsen et al.\n2043 Spatiotemporal Dynamics of Hemorrhagic \nFever with Renal Syndrome, Beijing, ChinaL.-Q. Fang et al.\n2046 Age Patterns of Human \nCampylobacteriosis, England and Wales, 1990–2007I.A. Gillespie et al.\n2049 Identi fi cation of Francisella tularensis \nCluster, EuropeP. Pilo et al.2052 New Adenovirus in Bats, Germany\nM. Sonntag et al.\n2056 Human Trichinellosis after Consumption \nof Soft-Shelled Turtles, TaiwanY .-C. Lo et al.\nAnother Dimension \n2080 A Groundhog, a Novel Bartonella \nSequence, and My Father’s DeathE.B. Breitschwerdt et al.\nLetters\n2059 Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation \nfor Pandemic (H1N1) 2009\n2060 Respiratory Disease in Adults during \nPandemic (H1N1) 2009 Outbreak, Argentina\n2061 Susceptibility of Poultry to Pandemic \n(H1N1) 2009 Virus\n2063 Oropouche Fever Outbreak, Manaus, \nBrazil, 2007–2008\n2064 Identical Strains of Borrelia hermsii in \nMammal and Bird\n2066 Mycobacterium bovis and M. tuberculosis \nin Goats, Nigeria\n2067 Streptococcus suis Meningitis, Hawaii\n2069 Chorioamnionitis and Neonatal Sepsis \nfrom Community-associated MRSA\n2071 Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus \naureus in Marine Mammals\n2072 Parachlamydia and Rhabdochlamydia in \nPremature Neonates\n2075 Porcine Kobuvirus in Piglets, Thailand2077 Rickettsia slovaca in Dermacentor \nmarginatus Ticks, Germany\nBook Review\n2079 Filoviruses: A Compendium of 40 Years of \nEpidemiological, Clinical, and Laboratory Studies\nNews and Notes\n About the Cover2087 “I think I could turn and live with animals”\n Etymologia\n1954 Calicivirus\n Erratum\n2079 Vol. 15, No. 11\nDecember 2009\np. 2030\np. 2041\nEmerging Infectious Diseases • www.cdc.gov/eid • Vol. 15, No. 12, December 2009\n Streptococcus iniae is an emerging zoonotic pathogen; \nsuch infections generally occur through injuries associated with preparing whole fresh fi sh for cooking. Those infected \nto date have been of Asian descent, are usually elderly (av-erage age 68 years), and have had >1 underlying condi-tions that may predispose them to infection. Studies of the foundations of growth characteristics of S. iniae and its in-\nteractions with piscine host cells have recently been com-plemented by molecular studies. Advances in molecular biology have allowed research groups to identify numerous virulence factors and to explore their roles in the progres-sion of S. iniae infection. Many of these virulence factors are \nhomologous to those found in the major human pathogen S. \npyogenes. An increased understanding of the properties of \nthese factors and their effect on the success of infection is leading to novel approaches to control S. iniae infection; in \nparticular, vaccination programs at fi sh farms have reduced \nthe reservoir of infection for additional clinical cases.\nStreptococcus iniae is a major fi sh pathogen in many \nregions of the world. These bacteria are also zoonotic \nwith infections in humans associated with the handling and preparation of infected fi sh. The fi rst human infections \nwere reported in 1996 ( 1), and S. iniae was noted as an \nemerging zoonotic disease transmitted by food animals at the International Conference on Emerging Infectious Dis-eases in 2000 ( 2). Human infections with S. iniae have been \nsporadic but continue to be reported with new cases arising in 2009 ( 3). Reports of these cases are likely to increase be-\ncause of enhanced awareness, more reliable detection and identi fi cation methods, and the global expansion of fi nfi sh \naquaculture. Most cases of human S. iniae infections have \nbeen in persons of Asian descent, who are elderly and com-monly have >1 underlying conditions such as diabetes mel-litus, chronic rheumatic heart disease, cirrhosis, or other conditions ( 1,3–7).\nCarrier fi sh have been implicated in fi sh-to- fi sh trans-\nmission of S. iniae (8), and these carriers may be responsi-\nble for human infection because fi sh with overt signs of dis-\nease are unmarketable. Soft tissue injuries that occur during the preparation of fresh fi sh from wet markets usually result \nin bacteremic cellulitis of the hand, followed by >1 of these conditions: endocarditis, meningitis, arthritis, sepsis, pneu-monia, osteomyelitis, and toxic shock ( 7). Infections are \ntreated with a course of antimicrobial drugs such as peni-cillin, ampicillin, amoxicillin, cloxacillin, cefazolin, and/or gentamicin, doxycycline, and trimethoprim/sulfamethox-azole over a period of 1 to several weeks, depending on the nature of the infection ( 3–5,9). S. iniae is not currently as-\nsigned to any Lance fi eld group and is β-hemolytic on blood \nagar, with some clinical strains isolated from Asia being more mucoid than others ( 6).\nUnderreporting of human cases is likely because iden-\ntifi cation of S. iniae is based on biochemical testing of iso-\nlates with commercial kits; the use of kits is associated with problems because S. iniae is not listed in commercial or \nclinical databases, and many atypical strains are assigned low matches ( 1,4). According to the Australian Institute of \nHealth and Welfare (www.aihw.gov.au), between 1999–2000 and 2006–2007, a total of 2,824 cases of “other” or “unspeci fi ed” streptococcal sepsis required hospitalization \nin Australia that were attributed to nongroup A, B, or C streptococci, or S. pneumoniae, and 2,026 cases were in \npersons >50 years of age. During the same period, the trend in the number of cases per year attributable to other or un-specifi ed streptococci has been upward, rising from a total \nof 278 cases in 1999–2000 to 430 in 2006–2007 (155% increase). In the >50 years age group, this upward trend is more pronounced, with a 168% increase in cases requiring hospitalization. It is therefore probable that some cases of S. iniae infection in Australia in the at-risk age group have Towards Control of \nStreptococcus iniae \nJustice C.F. Baiano and Andrew C. Barnes\n Emerging Infectious Diseases • www.cdc.gov/eid • Vol. 15, No. 12, December 2009 1891 Author af fi liation: The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queen-\nsland, Australia\nDOI: 10.3201/eid1512.090232 SYNOPSIS\nbeen misidenti fi ed. Misidenti fi cation of S. iniae infection \nis likely to be the main reason for low levels of detection because most cases of this emerging pathogen are detected during retrospective studies speci fi cally targeting S. iniae . \nThis fi nding is likely to be the case in countries around the \nworld that have reported outbreaks in fi sh farms, but no \nhuman cases to date. Molecular-based detection and iden-tifi cation methods have recently been developed (informa-\ntion on this aspect of identi fi cation can be found in a recent \nreview by Agnew and Barnes) and these will lead to im-proved reporting in future years ( 10).\nObservations on the epidemiology and pathogenesis \nof S. iniae infections are still ongoing; however, valuable \ninformation on the differentiation of strains (as being ei-ther commensal or pathogenic) has bene fi tted research. \nBecause of the lack of potential virulence factors or phe-notypic differences between commensal and pathogenic strains, pulsed- fi eld gel electrophoresis (PFGE) analysis \nshowed that differences existed between human clinical isolates and those from fi sh surfaces ( 1). The human clinical \nisolates showed little variation between one another, while considerable differences were found between the 2 Ameri-can Type Culture Collection (Manassas, VA, USA) dolphin strains and 32 other fi sh isolates. It was determined that \nsome unknown factors important to pathogenicity were not present in all strains ( 1). Little variation has also been found \nbetween clinical strains from the United States and Canada, although 1 strain from Pennsylvania had a PFGE pattern similar to the type strain ( 11), and 2 clinical isolates from \nHong Kong were unrelated to a strain from Canada ( 4). In a \nPFGE study of isolates from Australia, similarities between fi sh pathogenic isolates and human clinical isolates from \nNorth America, in addition to multiple genotypes between and within different fi sh farms, were reported ( 12). Another \nPFGE study of strains from a variety of species of diseased fi sh in the People’s Republic of China found that there were \n17 genotypes from 27 strains clustering into 5 major groups (13). As with the study from Australia, multiple genotypes \nwere found between and within different farms.\nClinical isolates from the United States were able to \nmultiply by 2 to 5 generations in 3 hours in fresh human blood; however, 2 isolates from Canada were able to sur-vive, but not multiply, in human blood ( 11). Resistance to \nphagocytic killing in whole blood by pathogenic strains of S. iniae contrasted with isolates identi fi ed as commensal \nstrains that were susceptible ( 9). The pathogenic strain 9117 \n(a human clinical isolate causing cellulitis) caused weight loss in experimentally infected mice and was highly cellu-lytic to human brain microvessel endothelial cell (BMEC) monolayers and invasive of Hep-2 cells. However, adher-ence to, and invasion of, BMEC cells by strain 9117 was lower than that for commensal strain 9066 (obtained in a swab sample from a healthy fi sh) ( 9). In a similar study, pathogenic strains were more resistant to oxidative burst \nactivity in macrophages ( 14).\nThe mode of invasion of S. iniae was studied in skin \nepithelial cell monolayers of rainbow trout viewed under polarized light ( 15). S. iniae adhered to, then invaded epi-\nthelial cells, but its persistence and replication inside the cells was short-lived. However, transcytosis from epithe-lial cells occurred within 30 minutes of contact without damaging the cells or cellular junctions ( 15). Once the \nepithelial cell layer had been breached, dissemination throughout the fi sh through internalization in macrophag-\nes can occur. By inducing macrophage death, this process \nis one of the most ef fi cient ways of transporting the infec-\ntion into the brain ( 15,16).\nRecent molecular research into factors that contribute \nto the virulence of S. iniae has identi fi ed several candi-\ndates, including surface proteins, capsular polysaccharides, and extracellular secreted products (Figure). Moreover, the recent sequencing of the complete genome of S. iniae will \naccelerate the discovery of additional virulence factors and lead to identi fi cation of targets for effective vaccines for \nfarmed fi sh, thus reducing the potential for zoonotic infec-\ntion. In light of the recent rapid increase in our knowledge of this emerging pathogen, we will present a synopsis of the processes involved in infection that have been eluci-dated to date.\nVirulence Factors \nSiM Protein\nM proteins are one of the major virulence factors in \ngroup A streptococci ( S. pyogenes ; GAS). The high level of \ndiversity of emm gene types (a hypervariable gene encod-\ning the M protein) has contributed to the success of GAS in causing infections in humans. The M-like protein from S. \niniae , SiM, is also a prime candidate in virulence ( 17,18). \nThe SiM protein is a coiled-coil protein that has a molecu-lar mass of ≈53 kDa, although 2 other variants, one with a \n1-aa insertion between the coils and another with a much larger mass of ≈59 kDa, have also been described ( 17). An \nadditional variant had a natural frameshift/premature termi-nation of the SiMA1 type in a strain from an infected tilapia (18). All SiM proteins possess the classical gram-positive \nmembrane anchor motif LPXTG, and although they have several repeat motifs in the coil regions, they are not in tan-dem as in M proteins from other species. In common with M proteins from S. pyogenes , S. equi, and S. dysgalactiae , \nSiM protein is a surface protein that binds human fi brino-\ngen to protect the bacterium from phagocytic activity ( 17). \nSiM proteins may also bind trout immunoglobulin by the Fc region ( 19). An allelic exchange study showed that SiM \nprotein is a major virulence factor of S. iniae , contributes to \nadherence to fi sh epithelial cells ( 18), and also con fi rmed \n1892 Emerging Infectious Diseases • www.cdc.gov/eid • Vol. 15, No. 12, December 2009 Control of S. iniae \nearlier observations that SiM contributes to macrophage \nresistance ( 17).\nThe SiM protein genes, simA and simB , are likely to \nbe regulated by a multigene regulatory protein, Mgx, that is homologous to the Mga protein found in GAS ( 17). There \nare sequence elements upstream of the simA and simB genes \nthat are similar to DNA binding sites described for Mga. The fi nding of a second mga-like element ( mgx2 ) immedi-\nately downstream of mgx in a tilapia brain abscess isolate \nmay represent part of an alternative virulence strategy ( 18).\nC5a Peptidase\nC5a peptidase hydrolyses the neutrophil chemoattrac-\ntant complement factor C5a ( 18) and thus impairs the abil-\nity of the infected host to fi ght the infection. C5a peptidase \nis a surface protein with a LPXTN gram-positive anchor motif ( 18). In GAS, C5a peptidase is found in culture su-\npernatants; however, this observation has not been made for S. iniae (18). In S. iniae , C5a peptidase is a 123-kDa pro-\ntein, encoded by scpI, with similar structural features and \nconserved residue positions to the GAS counterpart ( 18). \nC5a peptidase may have arisen in S. iniae by horizontal \ngene transfer, given its close proximity to a transposase and similar genetic organization found in GAS ( 18). Notably, \nallelic exchange has shown that this protein by itself is not required for virulence in fi sh and its role in pathogenesis is \nlikely a minor one ( 18).\nInterleukin-8 Protease\nInterleukin-8 ( IL-8) is produced in the host in response \nto stimuli such as lipopolysaccharides, viruses, and other cytokines. IL-8 protease is a cell envelope protease that is able to degrade the chemokine IL-8 and results in increased neutrophil resistance and disease dissemination ( 20). It is \nencoded by the cepI gene, resulting in a 1,631-aa protein \nwith a C-terminal LPXTG gram-positive anchor motif and is homologous to the cepA gene in GAS ( 20).\nStreptolysin S\nThe ability of S. iniae to hemolyse erythrocytes and \ndamage host cell membranes results from the activity of cytolysins ( 21). The cytolysin possessed by S. iniae is \nhomologous to streptolysin S (SLS) from GAS ( 21) and \naffects erythrocytes, neutrophils, lymphocytes, and some tissue types in tissue culture ( 22), but does not have roles \nin phagocytic resistance nor epithelial cell adherence and invasion ( 23). Nine genes in the sag operon are involved in \nSLS formation; these share 73% homology with GAS SLS genes ( 21). The number of genes and their genetic order \nare identical in both microorganisms ( 21). The sagA gene \nencodes a peptide that is 73% identical to the sagA protein from GAS, and the sagB gene encodes a protein with 77% \nidentity to the sagB protein from GAS, which is predicted to use fl avin mononucleotide as a cofactor ( 21). The sagC-F \ngenes are similar to their counterpart genes in GAS, and the sagG-I genes encode ATP binding cassette-type (ABC) \ntransport systems ( 21). Other sequence features, such as in-\nverted repeats between the sagA and sagB genes and after \nthe sagI gene, have similarities with GAS sag operon genes \n(21). All genes in the operon are required to produce SLS \nas knockout of sagB in S. iniae caused loss of hemolytic \nactivity ( 21). Likewise, when the S. iniae sagA gene was \ntransformed into a nonhemolytic allelic mutant strain of GAS (NZ131 sagA∆cat), the S. iniae version of the sagA \ngene restored hemolytic activity ( 21,23). The cytotoxic \nproperties of SLS toward fi sh cells and the likely promo-\ntion of cerebrovascular trauma represent a major virulence factor in the pathogenesis of S. iniae (23).\nThe sagA gene in S. iniae is regulated by a 2-compo-\nnent signal transduction system called sivS/R (24). sivS/R \nregulates virulence in vivo because no deaths occurred in \n Emerging Infectious Diseases • www.cdc.gov/eid • Vol. 15, No. 12, December 2009 1893 \nFigure. Virulence factors of Streptococcus iniae . A diagrammatic \nrepresentation of a cell of S. iniae showing the regulatory genes \ninvolved in virulence factor expression (inside cell) and the virulence factors on the outside of the cell. In a clockwise direction, SiM protein ( simA ) expression is likely to be regulated by mgx. SiM \nprotein binds immunoglobulin (Ig) and fi brinogen. C5a peptidase and \ninterleukin-8 (IL-8) protease degrade their respective chemokines to impair phagocyte signaling. Production of the cytolysin streptolysin S ( sag; SLS) is regulated by the sivS/R system. SLS \nlyses lymphocytes (L), erythrocytes (E), and neutrophils (N). The CAMP factor gene, cfi , is also regulated by sivS/R and is known \nto bind immunoglobulin by the Fc region. Capsular polysaccharide (cpsA ; CPS) synthesis is controlled by sivS/R and is represented \nby a haze around the cell. Exopolysaccharide (EPS) is produced in excess and contributes to highly viscous growth. α–enolase \ndegrades fi brin clots and promotes dissemination. SYNOPSIS\na mouse infection model when mice were infected with \na deletion mutant of pathogenic strain 9117 (9117 ∆siv) \ncompared with 75% deaths when mice were infected with the wild type strain ( 24). In the siv deletion mutant, sagA \nexpression was decreased by 3-fold. sivS/R also regulates \nthe expression of surface proteins, including a lipoprotein/ABC transporter homologous to Spy1228, pyruvate kinase, and a hyaluronate-associated protein homologous to that from S. equi or an ABC transporter from S. agalactiae (24). \nHowever, the role for these proteins in a virulence setting is hitherto unknown in S. iniae .\nCAMP Factor\nThe pore-forming toxin CAMP factor synergistically \nacts with sphingomylinase-producing Staphylococcus au-\nreus to produce a distinct arrow-shaped area of complete \nlysis of erythrocytes on sheep blood agar ( 24). CAMP \nfactor has also been shown to bind immunoglobulin by the Fc region and therefore contributes to virulence ( 24). \nS. iniae harbors a CAMP factor–like gene, cfi , (24) that \nencodes a peptide of ≈27 kDa and shares 62% identity \nwith cfa from GAS that is regulated by the sivS/R sys-\ntem. Knockout mutants of the sivS/R system resulted in a \nreduced lytic reaction, and real-time PCR analysis of cfi \ngene expression showed it was expressed at only 10% of wild-type levels ( 24).\nImmunoglobulin-Binding Proteins\nA putative protein G-like protein, a cell wall associ-\nated protein fi rst identi fi ed from group G streptococci ( ≈70 \nkDa), from S. iniae was capable of binding trout immuno-\nglobulin only when grown in the presence of trout serum (19). Proteins of ≈35 kDa, ≈70 kDa, and >100 kDa were \nfound to bind trout immunoglobulin. The size of one of the detected bands >100 kDa is similar in size to the tetramer formation of SiM proteins ( 17); however, experimental \nevidence is needed to con fi rm this. CAMP factor is also \nknown to bind immunoglobulin ( 24).\nCapsule\nOne of the most effective ways for a bacterium to avoid \nphagocytosis is by the production of capsular polysaccha-ride (CPS), and strains with CPS are more virulent than their unencapsulated counterparts ( 25–27). The presence of \ncapsule is also involved in inhibiting complement C3 de-position ( 27). Miller and Neely ( 27) used signature tagged \nmutagenesis to identify virulence genes using a zebra fi sh \n(Danio rerio ) model. Five attenuated mutants with unique \ninsertions in polysaccharide synthesis genes with homol-ogy to those found in S. thermophilus plus 2 additional \nclones with insertions in a homologous gene near capsule synthesis genes from Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron were \nfound. In contrast to the wild-type strain 9117, these mu-tants aggregated in broth culture with chain lengths up to \n4× longer than the wild type. Differences in buoyancy due to degree of encapsulation showed that the production of excess capsule is likely to be as detrimental to survival as too little capsule ( 27).\nThe capsule operon of S. iniae is ≈21 kb in size and \nconsists of 21 open reading frames ( 28). The genes have \nhomology to genes found in other streptococci such as S. \npyogenes, S. agalactiae, S. suis, and S. thermophilus (28). \nAn insertion sequence, IS 981, was found between cpsL \nand cpsM in strain 9117 ( 28). cpsY (78% identity to CpsY \nin GAS) precedes cpsA and is transcribed in the opposite \ndirection and is thought to be the promoter of the capsule operon (as well as other virulence genes) because it has a high level of homology to the LysR transcriptional regu-lators ( 28). A major difference was found in the operons \nfrom the virulent strain 9117 and commensal strain 9066 with strain 9066 having an ≈10-kb deletion missing the \ngenes cpsF-L and orf276, orf193 , and orf151 . In addition, \nthe cpsM gene in the commensal strain 9066 was truncated \nwith the fi rst 154 nt being absent, which casts doubt on the \nfunctionality of the gene ( 28).\nThe genes cpsA-E are responsible for the length of \nthe monosaccharide sugar chains and their export ( 29,30). \nThe central region of the operon from cpsF to cpsL con-\ntains several genes encoding glycosyl transferases, which have a role in the polymerization of the capsule chain ( 28). \nThis region is where most mutations in the virulent strain 9117 were found to play a role in pathogenesis ( 27) and \nis the same region where the deleted genes in the com-\nmensal strain 9066 occurred ( 28). The G + C content of \nthe operon genes varies widely from 22% to 40% ( 28). \nThe cpsF-L region has a G + C content of ≈27%, which \nis lower than that found for other S. iniae sequences and \nmay indicate horizontal acquisition from other members of the Firmicutes (28).\nMutations in cpsA in strain 9117 resulted in long chain \nformation, aggregation of cells in broth culture and high buoyancy characteristic of reduced encapsulation ( 28). The \ncpsA mutant was attenuated in both brain and heart tissues. \nA cpsY mutant was slightly less encapsulated than the wild \ntype and was attenuated only in heart tissue ( 28).\nAllelic exchange of the cpsD gene resulted in reduced \ncapsule, increased chain length, a marked decrease in all capsular monosaccharides, and a high degree of attenua-tion ( 31). cpsD encodes an autophosphorylating tyrosine \nkinase thought to be responsible for capsule polymerization and export ( 31). cpsD mutants were able to bind more ef-\nfectively to host tissues, such as epithelial cells, due to loss of overall negative charge ( 31). Insertions in the cpsH and \ncpsM genes have resulted in underproduction of capsule and \noverproduction of capsule, respectively ( 28). In a fl ounder \nisolate obtained in Japan, insertions in cpsH , cpsM , cpsI, \n1894 Emerging Infectious Diseases • www.cdc.gov/eid • Vol. 15, No. 12, December 2009 Control of S. iniae \nand orf276 of strain NUF631 resulted in attenuation, which \nwas measured by increased chemiluminescence response of macrophages and loss of acidic polysaccharides ( 26). \nLike CAMP factor and streptolysin S, the 2-component system sivS/R is involved in transcriptional regulation of \nthe capsular operon ( 32).\nPhosphoglucomutase\nAlso involved in capsular biosynthesis is phosphoglu-\ncomutase, a 571-aa protein encoded by pgmA that intercon-\nverts glucose 6-phosphate and glucose 1-phosphate ( 33). \nTransposon mutagenesis of the promoter region upstream of pgmA resulted in a highly attenuated mutant that was \nmore susceptible to whole blood killing ( 33). This suscepti-\nbility was attributed to a decrease in the amount of exopoly-saccharide capsule on the cell surface, decreased negative charge, and a larger cell volume 3–5× that of the wild type. Increased susceptibility to the pore-forming cationic antimi-crobial peptide moronecidin was also reported, most likely due to changes in cell wall architecture because of increased cellular volume and a decrease in cell wall rigidity ( 33).\nExopolysaccharide\nThe quantitative composition of monosaccharides \npresent in exopolysaccharide (EPS) is distinct from those found in CPS ( 34). The routine vaccination of fi sh in Israel \nhas given rise to new strains of S. iniae responsible for mass \nfi sh deaths ( 34). These new strains were formed when an \nautogenous vaccine strain, KFP404, was succeeded by new strains KFP468, KFP477, and KFP523, which were char-acterized by a viscous broth culture similar to that observed with S. thermophilus used in yoghurt production ( 34). EPS \nproduction by the successor strains was 5× higher than the autogenous vaccine strain. Vaccination of fi sh with the EPS \nextracts elicited a survival rate of 78%, which was similar to the 72% survival rate when whole cells were used. Thus, EPS appears to be antigenic and excessive production may have been selected by vaccination ( 34).\nα-Enolase\nThe ability of S. iniae to cross tissues through plasmino-\ngen activation is facilitated by α-enolase ( 35), which is also \na known contributory factor to the virulence of GAS ( 36). \nThe proteolytic activity of plasmin in dissolving fi brin clots \nenables pathogens to migrate faster through extracellular matrices ( 37), and α-enolase expedites invasion through the \nhost tissues ( 38) and, ultimately, into the circulatory system. \nThe α-enolase from S. iniae (≈50 kDa) is a plasmin/plasmi-\nnogen binding enzyme that is 97% similar to the α-enolases \nof S. agalactiae and GAS ( 35). Immunoblot using antibodies \nraised against the puri fi ed recombinant protein showed cell \nwall association in S. iniae ; however, it does not contain the \nclassical gram-positive membrane anchor.Conclusions\nS. iniae opportunistically infects elderly persons with \nserious underlying conditions. The expression of a suite of virulence factors, many of them similar to those found in GAS, is responsible for successful entry, propagation, and evasion of immune defenses of the host by this bacterium. Another virulence factor, polysaccharide deacetylase, en-coded by the pdi gene, has been recently described ( 39). \nWith the global rise of aquaculture and the dependence on it to provide food in many areas of the world, the numbers of cases of S. iniae infection are likely to be much higher than \ncurrently reported and will increase in the future with the expansion of the industry. Understanding the pathogenic processes of S. iniae is already facilitating the development \nof vaccines for use in fi sh farms and represents the most \nsustainable and effective method of reducing the incidence of economically devastating outbreaks and clinical presen-tations in humans, especially in those most at risk.\nDr Baiano is a research of fi cer in the Centre for Marine Stud-\nies at The University of Queensland. He is a microbial ecologist and has research interests in marine microbiology, aquatic animal health, and aquaculture.\nDr Barnes is associate professor in aquatic animal health at \nThe University of Queensland, Centre for Marine Studies and School of Biological Sciences. His research interests include ma-rine microbiology, comparative immunology, and host–pathogen interactions in marine animals.\nReferences\n 1. Weinstein MR, Litt M, Kertesz DA, Wyper P, Rose D, Coulter M, et \nal. Invasive infections due to a fi sh pathogen, Streptococcus iniae. S. \niniae study group. N Engl J Med. 1997;337:589–94. DOI: 10.1056/\nNEJM199708283370902\n 2. Hansen GR, Woodall J, Brown C, Jaax N, McNamara T, Ruiz A. \nEmerging zoonotic diseases. Panel summary from the International Conference on Emerging Infectious Diseases Conference, Atlan-ta, Georgia, 2000. Emerg Infect Dis. 2001;7:537. DOI: 10.3201/eid0703.010316\n 3. Koh TH, Sng LH, Yuen SM, Thomas CK, Tan PL, Tan SH, et al. \nStreptococcal cellulitis following preparation of fresh raw seafood. Zoonoses Public Health. 2009;56:206–8. DOI: 10. 1111/j.1863-2378\n.2008.01213.x\n 4. Lau SKP, Woo PCY , Tse H, Leung K-W, Wong SSY , Yuen K-Y . Inva-\nsive Streptococcus iniae infections outside North America. J Clin Mi-\ncrobiol. 2003;41:1004–9. DOI: 10.1128/JCM.41.3.1004-1009.2003\n 5. Koh TH, Kurup A, Chen J. Streptococcus iniae discitis in Singapore. \nEmerg Infect Dis. 2004;10:1694–5.\n 6. Lau SKP, Woo PCY , Luk W-K, Fung AMY , Hui W-T, Fong AHC, \net al. Clinical isolates of Streptococcus iniae from Asia are more \nmucoid and beta-hemolytic than those from North America. Di-agn Microbiol Infect Dis. 2006;54:177–81. DOI: 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2005.09.012\n 7. Sun JR, Yan JC, Yeh CY , Lee SY , Lu JJ. Invasive infection with \nStreptococcus iniae in Taiwan. J Med Microbiol. 2007;56:1246–9. \nDOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.47180-0\n Emerging Infectious Diseases • www.cdc.gov/eid • Vol. 15, No. 12, December 2009 1895 SYNOPSIS\n 8. Zlotkin A, Hershko H, Eldar A. Possible transmission of Strepto-\ncoccus iniae from wild fi sh to cultured marine fi sh. Appl Environ \nMicrobiol. 1998;64:4065–7.\n 9. Fuller JD, Bast DJ, Nizet V , Low DE, de Azavedo JC. Streptococcus \niniae virulence is associated with a distinct genetic pro fi le. Infect Im-\nmun. 2001;69:1994–2000. DOI: 10.1128/IAI.69.4.1994-2000.2001\n10. Agnew W, Barnes AC. Streptococcus iniae : an aquatic pathogen of \nglobal veterinary signi fi cance and a challenging candidate for re-\nliable vaccination. Vet Microbiol. 2007;122:1–15. DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2007.03.002\n11. Facklam R, Elliot J, Shewmaker L, Reingold A. Identi fi cation and \ncharacterization of sporadic isolates of Streptococcus iniae isolat-\ned from humans. J Clin Microbiol. 2005;43:933–7. DOI: 10.1128/JCM.43.2.933-937.2005\n12. Nawawi RA, Baiano J, Barnes AC. Genetic variability amongst Strep-\ntococcus iniae isolates from Australia. J Fish Dis. 2008;31:305–9. \nDOI: 10. 1111/j.1365-2761.2007.00880.x\n13. Zhou SM, Xie MQ, Zhu XQ, Ma Y , Tan ZL, Li AX. Identi fi cation \nand genetic characterization of Streptococcus iniae strains isolated \nfrom diseased fi sh in China. J Fish Dis. 2008;31:869–75. DOI: \n10.1111/j.1365-2761.2008.00954.x\n14. Buchanan JT, Colvin KM, Vicknair MR, Patel SK, Timmer AM, \nNizet V . Strain-associated virulence factors of Streptococcus in-\niae in hybrid-striped bass. Vet Microbiol. 2008;131:145–53. DOI: \n10.1016/j.vetmic.2008.02.027\n15. Eyngor M, Chilmonczyk S, Zlotkin A, Manuali E, Lahav D, Ghittino \nC, et al. Transcytosis of Streptococcus iniae through skin epithelial \nbarriers: an in vitro study. FEMS Microbiol Lett. 2007;277:238–48. DOI: 10. 1111/j.1574-6968.2007.00973.x\n16. Zlotkin A, Chilmonczyk S, Eyngor M, Hurvitz A, Ghittino C, El-\ndar A. Trojan horse effect: phagocyte-mediated Streptococcus iniae \ninfection of fi sh. Infect Immun. 2003;71:2318–25. DOI: 10.1128/\nIAI.71.5.2318-2325.2003\n17. Baiano JCF, Tumbol RA, Umapathy A, Barnes AC. Identi fi ca-\ntion and molecular characterisation of a fi brinogen binding pro-\ntein from Streptococcus iniae. BMC Microbiol. 2008;8:67. DOI: \n10.1186/1471-2180-8-67\n18. Locke JB, Aziz RK, Vicknair MR, Nizet V , Buchanan JT. Strep-\ntococcus iniae M-like protein contributes to virulence in fi sh and \nis a target for live attenuated vaccine development. PLoS One. 2008;3:e2824. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0002824\n19. Barnes AC, Horne MT, Ellis AE. Streptococcus iniae expresses a \ncell surface non-immune trout immunoglobulin-binding factor when grown in normal trout serum. Fish Shell fi sh Immunol. 2003;15:425–\n31. DOI: 10.1016/S1050-4648(03)00021-4\n20. Zinkernagel AS, Timmer AM, Pence MA, Locke JB, Buchanan \nJT, Turner CE, et al. The IL-8 protease SpyCEP/ ScpC of group A \nstreptococcus promotes resistance to neutrophil killing. Cell Host Microbe. 2008;4:170–8. DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2008.07.002\n21. Fuller JD, Camus AC, Duncan CL, Nizet V , Bast DJ, Thune RL, et \nal. Identi fi cation of a streptolysin S–associated gene cluster and its \nrole in the pathogenesis of Streptococcus iniae\n disease. Infect Im-\nmun. 2002;70:5730–9. DOI: 10.1128/IAI.70.10.5730-5739.2002\n22. Nizet V , Beall B, Bast DJ, Datta V , Kilburn L, Low DE, et al. Genetic \nlocus for streptolysin S production by group A Streptococcus. Infect \nImmun. 2000;68:4245–54. DOI: 10.1128/IAI.68.7.4245-4254.2000\n23. Locke JB, Colvin KM, Varki N, Vicknair MR, Nizet V , Buchanan JT. \nStreptococcus iniae β-hemolysin streptolysin S is a virulence factor \nin fi sh infection. Dis Aquat Organ. 2007;76:17–26. DOI: 10.3354/\ndao076017\n24. Bolotin S, Fuller JD, Bast DJ, de Azavedo JCS. The two-component \nsystem sivS/R regulates virulence in Streptococcus iniae. FEMS Im-\nmunol Med Microbiol. 2007;51:547–54. DOI: 10. 1111/j.1574-695-\nX.2007.00334.x25. Kanai K, Notohara M, Kato T, Shutou K, Yoshikoshi K. Serologi-\ncal characterization of Streptococcus iniae strains isolated from cul-\ntured fi sh in Japan. Fish Pathology. 2006;41:57–66. DOI: 10.3147/\njsfp.41.57\n26. Shutou K, Kanai K, Yoshikoshi K. Virulence attenuation of capsular \npolysaccharide-deleted mutants of Streptococcus iniae in Japanese \nfl ounder Paralicthys olivaceus. Fish Pathology. 2007;42:42–8.\n27. Miller JD, Neely MN. Large-scale screen highlights the importance \nof capsule for virulence in the zoonotic pathogen Streptococcus \niniae. Infect Immun. 2005;73:921–34. DOI: 10.1128/IAI.73.2.921-\n934.2005\n28. Lowe BA, Miller JD, Neely MN. Analysis of the polysaccharide \ncapsule of the systemic pathogen Streptococcus iniae and its im-\nplications in virulence. Infect Immun. 2007;75:1255–64. DOI: 10.1128/IAI.01484-06\n29. Grif fi n AM, Morris VJ, Gasson MJ. The cpsABCDE genes involved \nin polysaccharide production in Streptococcus salivarius ssp. ther-\nmophilus strain NCBF2393. Gene. 1996;183:23–7. DOI: 10.1016/\nS0378-1119(96)00405-2\n30. Morona JK, Miller DC, Morona R, Paton JC. The effect that muta-\ntions in the conserved capsular regions polysaccharide biosynthesis genes cpsA, cpsB , and cpsD have on virulence of Streptococcus pneu-\nmoniae. J Infect Dis. 2004;189:1905–13. DOI: 10.1086/383352\n31. Locke JB, Colvin KM, Datta AK, Patel SK, Naidu NN, Neely MN, \net al. Streptococcus iniae capsule impairs phagocytic clearance and \ncontributes to virulence in fi sh. J Bacteriol. 2007;189:1279–87. DOI: \n10.1128/JB.01175-06\n32. Bolotin S, Fuller JD, Bast DJ, Beveridge TJ, de Azavedo JCS. Cap-\nsule expression regulated by a two-component signal transduction system in Streptococcus iniae. FEMS Immunol Med Microbiol. \n2007;50:366–74. DOI: 10. 1111/j.1574-695X.2007.00261.x\n33. Buchanan JT, Stannard JA, Lauth X, Ostland VE, Powell HC, West-\nerman ME, et al. Streptococcus iniae phosphoglucomutase is a viru-\nlence factor and a target for vaccine development. Infect Immun. 2005;73:6935–44. DOI: 10.1128/IAI.73.10.6935-6944.2005\n34. Eyngor M, Tekoah Y , Shapira R, Hurvitz A, Zlotkin A, Lublin A, et \nal. Emergence of novel Streptococcus iniae exopolysaccharide-pro-\nducing strains following vaccination with nonproducing strains. Appl Environ Microbiol. 2008;74:6892–7. DOI: 10.1128/AEM.00853-08\n35. Kim MS, Choi SH, Lee EH, Nam YK, Kim SK, Kim KH. α-enolase, \na plasmin(ogen) binding protein and cell wall associating protein from a fi sh pathogenic Streptococcus iniae strain. Aquaculture. \n2007;265:55–60. DOI: 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2007.01.034\n36. Pancholi V , Fischetti V A. Alpha-enolase, a novel strong plasmin\n(ogen) binding protein on the surface of pathogenic streptococci. J Biol Chem. 1998;273:14503–15. DOI: 10.1074/jbc.273.23.14503\n37. Eberhard T, Kronvall G, Ullberg MBB. Surface bound plasmin \npromotes migration of Streptococcus pneumoniae through reconsti-\ntuted basement membranes. Microb Pathog. 1999;26:175–81. DOI: 10.1006/mpat.1998.0262\n38. Lottenberg R. A novel approach to explore the role of plasminogen \nin bacterial pathogenesis. Trends Microbiol. 1997;5:466–7. DOI: 10.1016/S0966-842X(97)01171-2\n39. Milani CJ, Aziz RK, Locke JB, Dahesh S, Nizet V , Buchanan JT. \nThe novel polysaccharide deacetylase homolog Pdi contributes to virulence of the aquatic pathogen Streptococcus iniae. Microbiol-\nogy. 2009. In press. DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.028365-0 \nAddress for correspondence: Justice C.F. Baiano, The University of \nQueensland, Aquatic Animal Health Laboratory, Centre for Marine Studies, St. Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia; email: justice.baiano@gmail.com \n1896 Emerging Infectious Diseases • www.cdc.gov/eid • Vol. 15, No. 12, December 2009 Adaptive mutations that have contributed to the emer-\ngence of in fl uenza A pandemic (H1N1) 2009 virus, which \ncan replicate and transmit among humans, remain unknown. We conducted a large-scale scanning of in fl uenza protein \nsequences and identi fi ed amino acid–conserving positions \nthat are speci fi c to host species, called signatures. Of 47 sig-\nnatures that separate avian viruses from human viruses by their nonglycoproteins, 8 were human-like in the pandemic (H1N1) 2009 virus. Close examination of their amino acid residues in the recent ancestral swine viruses of pandemic (H1N1) 2009 virus showed that 7 had already transitioned to human-like residues and only PA 356 retained an avian-like K; in pandemic (H1N1) 2009 virus, this residue changed into a human-like R. Signatures that separate swine viruses from human viruses were also present. Continuous monitor-ing of these signatures in nonhuman species will help with infl uenza surveillance and with evaluation of the likelihood \nof further adaptation to humans.\nA recent outbreak of pandemic (H1N1) 2009, previously \nknown as the swine-origin in fl uenza A, has infected \n>296,000 persons worldwide; 3,486 deaths have been re-ported ( 1). An increased number of infected humans can \npotentially alter virulence in the human population. The genomic sequences of many of the new strains of pandemic (H1N1) 2009 virus have revealed important information for promoting medical diagnosis, drug-resistance monitor-ing, clinical and basic research, and vaccine development. Nevertheless, analyzing adaptive mutation of the new pan-demic (H1N1) 2009 virus is a priority so that researchers can evaluate the likelihood that viruses from other nonhu-man species will further adapt to humans. Pandemic (H1N1) 2009 virus consists of multiple re-\nassorted virus genes from different origins. Of its 8 seg-mented genomic RNAs, 2 polymerase genes, PB2 and PA, were from the avian virus of North American lineage and were introduced into swine populations around 1998. The other polymerase gene, PB1, also evolved recently from a human seasonal in fl uenza (H3N2) virus around the same \nyear. This particular H3N2 PB1 gene is known to have originated from an avian virus that entered humans in 1968. However, hemagglutinin (HA), nucleoprotein (NP), and nonstructural (NS) protein genes of pandemic (H1N1) 2009 virus descended directly from the classic swine in-fl uenza A virus of North American lineage, which can be \ntraced back to the 1918 virus. Originating from the Eur-asian swine virus, the remaining 2 genes, neuraminidase (NA) and matrix (M), were introduced from birds around 1979 ( 2,3). Limited information is available as to how this \nunique combination of gene segments evolved from 1998 until it was identi fi ed in April 2009 or on the molecular \ntransitions or evolutionary path of this virus before it was transmitted among humans.\nOur previous study developed an entropy-based com-\nputational scheme to identify host-speci fi c genomic signa-\ntures of human and avian in fl uenza viruses ( 4). This method \nis based on an entropy threshold computed from the amino acid composition at the well known PB2-627 position of avian in fl uenza viruses (entropy value of 0.4 was based \non 95 avian in fl uenza genomes, as of early 2006), which \ncontains mostly glutamic acid in the native avian hosts of the viruses. This threshold was then used to identify the 52 species-associated positions at which each of the 2 viruses settles as a distinct amino acid residue that is characteristic of the host. Although the origin of the gene segments in pandemic (H1N1) 2009 virus has been determined ( 2,3), \nthe mechanism of transformation of the host-speci fi c ami-Genomic Signatures of In fl uenza A \nPandemic (H1N1) 2009 Virus\nGuang-Wu Chen and Shin-Ru Shih\n Emerging Infectious Diseases • www.cdc.gov/eid • Vol. 15, No. 12, December 2009 1897 Author af fi liation: Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan, Re-\npublic of China\nDOI: 10.3201/eid1512.090845 RESEARCH\nno acid signatures is unclear, because the new viral genes \nevolved after they were introduced into the swine popula-tion some years ago.\nBy adopting the entropy pro fi ling approach, this study \nattempts to update in fl uenza A viral signatures on the ba-\nsis of all in fl uenza sequences from the National Center for \nBiotechnology Information (NCBI). In addition to provid-ing an updated list of human-avian signatures, this study also computes the human-swine signatures and analyzes the amino acid sequences of pandemic (H1N1) 2009 virus at the host species–speci fi c positions to elucidate the adap-\ntive mutation of in fl uenza A viruses in these host species. \nAs more new in fl uenza virus isolates are collected and their \nsequences analyzed, the signatures at the host species–specifi c positions serve as predictors of adaptive mutation, \nsubsequently providing valuable information to help in pre-paring for potential pandemics.\nMaterials and Methods\nInfl uenza Virus Sequences\nAll in fl uenza A virus protein sequences from the NCBI, \nas of May 28, 2009, were downloaded and analyzed. These full-length or partial sequences were grouped according to the hosts from which the viruses were isolated: humans, avian, and swine. In particular, to observe how these virus-es vary in terms of residues, the newly deposited pandemic (H1N1) 2009 virus sequences were considered separately from the human isolates. For each host-speci fi c group, se-\nquences belonging to each viral protein were aligned using the program ClustalW ( 5). Based on the proposed signature \nidenti fi cation procedure, 2 surface proteins, HA and NA, \nwere not analyzed because their extensive genetic diversity prevents satisfactory multiple alignment within either hu-man or avian viruses. As an alternatively translated protein product from the PB1 gene, PB1-F2 is also not included in the analysis because it terminates prematurely at position 12. For each of the 4 groups of data, i.e., human, avian, swine, and pandemic (H1N1) 2009, eight alignments were analyzed: PB2, PB1, PA, NP, M1, M2, NS1, and NS2. The total number of sequences varied from gene to gene and from host to host, subject to their availability at the NCBI. For human-isolated viruses (excluding strains of pandemic (H1N1) 2009 virus), >3,000 sequences of the 8 proteins were analyzed. For avian-isolated, swine-isolated, and pandemic (H1N1) 2009 viruses, the numbers of sequences were ≈3,500, 350, and 70, respectively.\nRecent Ancestors of Pandemic (H1N1) 2009 Viruses\nSmith et al. ( 6) performed evolutionary analysis of the \nearly development of the pandemic, indicating that spo-radic infection of humans with triple reassortant and other subsequent reassortant swine viruses occurred before the 2009 human outbreak. To elucidate the transition of amino \nacid residues along this evolutionary course, we collected and analyzed the protein sequences of 18 recent ancestral swine viruses of the new H1N1 viruses (hereinafter termed “recent ancestral swine viruses”) for 1999–2009 from the ancestral lineages of the new pandemic (H1N1) 2009 strains. The sampling was based on the phylogenetic trees published in a study by Smith et al. ( 6). Although a number \nof swine virus origins have been reported, resulting in vari-ous genetic lineages and subtypes, we are most interested in identifying a swine virus population from which the current pandemic (H1N1) 2009 virus might have evolved directly. Not only are those 18 strains chronologically closer (after the years 1997–1998) to the pandemic (H1N1) 2009 viruses but their PB2 and PA genes are also descendants of avian viruses, which complies with the conclusion drawn from recent publications. The online Appendix Table, available from http://www.cdc.gov/EID/content/15/12/1897-appT.htm, summarizes the strain names and accession numbers of recent ancestral swine viruses included in this study.\nEntropy-based Signature Identi fi cation\nFor each amino acid position of the aligned sequences \nof the same virus type, i.e., avian, human, swine, or pan-demic (H1N1) 2009, an entropy value was computed by using the formula – ΣP\ni × ln( Pi), as described by Chen et al. \n(4). This formula follows the de fi nition of Shannon entropy \n(7) that has been used to evaluate the diversity of a system. \nIn this study, an entropy was used to measure the variabil-ity of aligned amino acid residues at a given genomic posi-tion, where i = 1 to 20 represents 20 different amino acid \nresidues, and P\ni represents the probability density of the \nrespective residue. An entropy value ranges from 0 (only 1 residue present at that position) to 2.996 (all 20 residues are equally represented). As is assumed, a position at which the entropy is less than or equal to a prespeci fi ed threshold has \na consensus residue for that virus type. When viruses iso-lated from 2 host species are compared, a species-speci fi c \nsignature position is considered to have different consensus amino acid residue from each of the 2 viruses at the same position. In this study, an entropy threshold of 0.33 was used, based on the PB2-627 position of 3,391 avian in fl u-\nenza sequences.\nResults\nIn 2006, we reported 52 avian-human signatures based \non a small set of in fl uenza sequence data of 15,785 protein \nsequences. The selection was based on an entropy thresh-old value of 0.4 set at position 627 in the PB2 gene (82 Es and 13 Ks from 95 avian PB2 sequences) because that po-sition has been considered associated with host-restriction (8–11 ). Of the 52 positions, 45 are in the genes PB2, PB1, \nPA, NP, M1, M2, NS1, and NS2 examined in this work. \n1898 Emerging Infectious Diseases • www.cdc.gov/eid • Vol. 15, No. 12, December 2009 Genomic Signatures of Pandemic (H1N1) 2009 Virus\nToday, >100,000 in fl uenza protein sequences are available \nat NCBI, and a new entropy threshold of 0.33 was set based on the currently available avian sequences of PB2-627, which contain 3,113 Es, 228 Ks, 46 Vs, 2 As, and 2 Gs. This threshold was adopted to update the list of 47 avian-human signatures in Table 1 for the 8 proteins of interest. Consistent with our earlier fi ndings, most signatures are located on the NP gene (15 positions), followed in number \nby PA (10 positions), PB2 (9 positions), M2 (5 positions), M1 (3 positions), PB1 (2 positions), NS2 (2 positions), and NS1 (1 position). The 20 signatures associated with PB1, NP, and M1 do not differ between the 2 datasets of 2006 and 2009. In PB2, two new signatures are identi fi ed at posi-\ntions 567 and 702. These 2 positions were only just omitted \n Emerging Infectious Diseases • www.cdc.gov/eid • Vol. 15, No. 12, December 2009 1899 Table 1. Amino acid residues of pandemic (H1N1) 2009 virus strains at 47 positions where avian–human signatures are located* \nGene Position Avian virus residue Human virus residue Pandemic (H1N1) \n2009 virus residue \nPB2 44 \u0003 A(2,838), S(39), T(1) \u0003 S(2,734), A(30), L(2) \u0003 A(61) \n199\u0003 A(2,816), S(22), D(4), T(2), V(1) \u0003 S(2,781), A(8) \u0003 A(61) \n271\u0003 T(2,758), I(47), A(21), M(5), Q(1) \u0003 A(2,770), T(15), S(1) \u0003 A(61) \n475\u0003 L(3,355), M(25), I(1) \u0003 M(2,747), L(8), I(1) \u0003 L(61) \n567\u0003 D(3,116), E(257), N(18), V(3), G(3), A(2), K(1) \u0003 N(2,736), D(18), S(1) \u0003 D(61)\n588\u0003 A(3,175), T(91), I(72), V(43), S(3), P(1), D(1) \u0003 I(2,734), A(8), V(6),T(4), L(1), S(1) \u0003 T(61) \n613\u0003 V(3,343), A(29), I(19) \u0003 T(2,651), I(71), A(23), V(9), S(1) \u0003 V(61)\n627\u0003 E(3,113), K(228), V(46), A(2), G(2) \u0003 K(2,746), E(6), R(3) \u0003 E(61)\n702\u0003 K(3,232), R(131), Q(1) \u0003 R(2,731), K(22), G(1), I(1) \u0003 K(61)\nPB1 327 \u0003 R(3,340), K(54), G(1) \u0003 K(2,489), R(275) \u0003 R(80)\n336\u0003 V(3,350), I(26), A(16) \u0003 I(2,595), V(168), T(1) \u0003 I(80)\nPA 28 \u0003 P(2,915), S(7), L(5), T(1) \u0003 L(2,736), P(19), R(2), S(2), Q(1) \u0003 P(61)\n55\u0003 D(2,906), N(29) \u0003 N(2,752), D(13) \u0003 D(61)\n57\u0003 R(2,849), Q(77), K(4), W(3), L(2) \u0003 Q(2,736), R(20), L(6), K(3) \u0003 R(61)\n100\u0003 V(2,759), A(109), I(68), F(1) \u0003 A(2,727), V(27), T(7), I(2), S(1) \u0003 V(61)\n225\u0003 S(2,854), N(7), C(6), G(1) \u0003 C(2,736), S(29), G(1) \u0003 S(61)\n268\u0003 L(3,317), F(14), I(2), V(1) \u0003 I(2,724), L(35), V(2) \u0003 L(61) \n356\u0003 K(3,309), R(34), N(7), E(1), I (1) \u0003 R(2,705), K(30) \u0003 R(61)\n404\u0003 A(3,098), S(220), T(10), P(4), R(1), V(1) \u0003 S(2,706), A(28), P(1) \u0003 A(61) \n409\u0003 S(3,100), N(191), G(4), I(1), R(1), K(1) \u0003 N(2,723), S(11), I(1) \u0003 N(61)\n552\u0003 T(3,304), A(1), N(1) \u0003 S(2,721), T(10), N(2), R(1), I(1) \u0003 T(61) \nNP 16 \u0003 G(3,379), S(58), D(8), C(1) \u0003 D(2,884), G(16) \u0003 G(120), D(1) \u0003\n33\u0003 V(3,173), I(284), A(1), D(1) \u0003 I(2,876), V(25) \u0003 I(121)\u0003\n61\u0003 I(3,419), M(30), V(19), L(6) \u0003 L(2,881), I(19) \u0003 I(121)\u0003\n100\u0003 R(3,422), K(34), V(23), S(1) \u0003 V(2,842), I(52), R(4), A(3), L(1), M(1) \u0003 V(68), I(46) \u0003\n109\u0003 I(3,407), V(48), T(22), M(2), S(1) \u0003 V(2,820), I(77), A(3), T(3) \u0003 I(114)\u0003\n214\u0003 R(3,282), K(52), T(3), L(1) \u0003 K(2,897), R(25) \u0003 R(114)\u0003\n283\u0003 L(3,309), F(4), P(3), I(3) \u0003 P(3,062), L(19), S(3) \u0003 L(114)\u0003\n293\u0003 R(3,275), K(40) \u0003 K(3,020), R(65) \u0003 R(114)\u0003\n305\u0003 R(3,238), K(32), S(2) \u0003 K(3,052), R(33) \u0003 K(114)\u0003\n313\u0003 F(3,191), L(43), S(10), Y(1), C(1), I(1) \u0003 Y(3,064), F(21) \u0003 V(114)\u0003\n357\u0003 Q(2,766), K(33), T(3), R(2) \u0003 K(3,052), R(46), Q(5) \u0003 K(114)\u0003\n372\u0003 E(2,742), D(69), G(3), K(2) \u0003 D(3,051),E(51), N(1) \u0003 E(114)\u0003\n422\u0003 R(2,818), K(2) \u0003 K(2,891), R(51) \u0003 R(114)\u0003\n442\u0003 T(2,793), S(12), A(5) \u0003 A(2,890), T(51), R(1) \u0003 T(114)\u0003\n455\u0003 D(2,792), N(3), E(1) \u0003 E(2,890), D(51), T(1) \u0003 D(114)\u0003\nM1 115 \u0003 V(3,794), I(15), G(2), L(2), M(1) \u0003 I(3,586), V(19) \u0003 V(151)\n121\u0003 T(3,684), A(126), P(4) \u0003 A(3,599), T(7) \u0003 T(151) \n137\u0003 T(3,806), D(12), A(8), P(1), S(1) \u0003 A(3,577), T(25) \u0003 T(146) \nM2 11 \u0003 T(2,890), I(190), S(8), E(1) \u0003 I(3,805),T(102) \u0003 T(55)\u0003\n20\u0003 S(3,032),N(76), K(12), R(3), I(2) \u0003 N(3,859), S(49) \u0003 S(55)\u0003\n57\u0003 Y(3,040), H(5), N(1), C(1) \u0003 H(3,804),Y(65), D(25), Q(5), R(5), N(4) \u0003 Y(55)\u0003\n86\u0003 V(2,894), A(6), I(4), D(1), L(1), F(1), S(1) \u0003 A(3,781), V(26), T(10), D(1) \u0003 V(55)\u0003\n93\u0003 N(2,710), T(13), D(3), H(3), S(3), Y(2), I(1) \u0003 S(3,699), N(69), Q(2), R(1), H(1), I(1) \u0003 N(55)\u0003\nNS1 81 \u0003 I(2,652), V(43), T(8), M(2), S(1), Y(1), G(1) \u0003 M(2,860), I(59), V(4) \u0003 I(93)\n227\u0003 E(3,080), G(60), K(31), S(1) \u0003 R(2,863), G(8), K(2), W(1), E(1) \u0003 Delete\nNS2 107 L(3,147), P(2), S(2), F(1), Q(1) F(2,850), L(45), S(1), V(1) L(93) \n*Boldface indicates dominant amino acid residue type. PB, polymerase B; PA, polymerase A; NP, nucleoprotein; M, matrix; NS nonstructural . RESEARCH\nfrom the 2006 list because their entropy values (0.490 and \n0.404, respectively) exceeded the 0.4 threshold, based on the 95 avian sequences examined at that time. New entries in Table 1 also include PA-100, M2-93, and NS1-81. In 2006, although PB2-674 was reported as a signature, it is disquali fi ed here because the entropy of 0.3376 (3,146 As, \n88 Es, 87 Ts, 38 Ss, 13 Gs, 4 Vs, and 1 K for avian virus) exceeds the new 0.33 threshold at this position. Similarly, PA-382 (2,421 Ds, 311 Es, 2 Vs, and 1 N in human viruses, with an entropy of 0.3633) and NS2-70 (2,898 Ss, 352 Gs, 28 Rs, and 1 D in avian viruses, with an entropy of 0.3483) were both removed from the 2006 list.\nTaubenberger et al. ( 12) identi fi ed 10 polymerase gene \npositions that separate avian viruses from human in fl uenza \nA viruses. Table 1 shows 8 of them (PB2 199, 475, 567, 627, and 702; PA 55, 100, and 552), suggesting that the method is robust in fi nding these signatures. Two other \npolymerase gene positions that Taubenberger et al. also reported are PB1-375 and PA-382; the latter has already been mentioned above. The other missing position in Table 1, PB1-375, has an entropy value of 0.8865 for human and 0.6338 for avian viruses. This position was also excluded from the 2006 list because of an entropy of 0.698 from avi-an viruses, which substantially exceeded the 0.4 threshold.\nTo elucidate the potential adaptive mutations of the \npandemic (H1N1) 2009 viruses, we studied the amino acid sequences of pandemic (H1N1) 2009 viruses at the posi-tions that represent the so-called species-speci fi c signatures \nof avian and human viruses. As shown in to the last column of Table 1, 36 of the 47 positions display avian-like signa-tures in the pandemic (H1N1) 2009 virus. Two positions, PB2-588 and NP-313, exhibit neither avian- nor human-like signatures. Eight human-like signatures were found in pandemic (H1N1) 2009 strains, except for NS1-227, in which all new viruses have an early-terminating NS1 pro-tein and, therefore, contain no residue.\nTable 1 presents the updated avian-human signatures \nfor in fl uenza A viruses; Table 2 summarizes the swine-\nhuman signatures. Medical literature documents that the swine virus population has distinct evolutionary lineages that originated from the classic 1918 virus referred to as classic or North American swine virus, and the others of \npost-1979 Eurasian swine virus and subsequent triple reas-sortants. Because the residue diversity at many positions markedly increased for these swine viruses because of their distinct origins, only 8 swine-human signatures met the 0.33 threshold. Unlike some positions in which human-like signatures of pandemic (H1N1) 2009 were found (Table 1), in this study, all 8 locations of the swine-human signature of this new virus are characteristic of swine. No-tably, Table 1 lists all 8 positions in Table 2, with each hav-ing the same signature as in the avian virus. Restated, avian and swine viruses contain the same amino acid residue at the 8 human-swine signature positions.\nWe attempted to further elucidate the transition of the \namino acid residue on the pandemic (H1N1) 2009 virus that have human signatures by sampling 18 recent ancestral swine viruses (online Appendix Table). Doing so enables us to examine more closely the prevalence of amino acid residues speci fi cally with pandemic (H1N1) 2009 viruses. \nTable 3 summarizes the amino acid statistics of these re-cent ancestral swine viruses together with avian, human, and pandemic (H1N1) 2009 sequences at the 8 positions containing human residues for pandemic (H1N1) 2009 vi-rus in Table 1. Consider PB2-271, for example, avian vi-ruses have signature T, whereas human viruses have signa-ture A. Although pandemic (H1N1) 2009 viruses also have the human signature A, their predecessors, i.e., the recent ancestral swine viruses, have already acquired the human signature A at this position. PB1-336, along with PA-409, NP-33, -100, -305, and -357, follows the same residue tran-sition, all showing human-characteristic residues in both recent ancestral swine and pandemic (H1N1) 2009 viruses. PA-356 is the only exception, where the residue in recent ancestral swine viruses still maintains an avian-character-istic K before changing to a human residue R in pandemic (H1N1) 2009 viruses. Of particular interest is whether the transition from K to R at position PA-356 is responsible for the ability of pandemic (H1N1) 2009 viruses to replicate and transmit ef fi ciently in humans.\nAfter all 8 human residue-containing positions of pan-\ndemic (H1N1) 2009 viruses were found to be within PB2, \n1900 Emerging Infectious Diseases • www.cdc.gov/eid • Vol. 15, No. 12, December 2009Table 2. Amino acid residues of pandemic (H1N1) 2009 virus strains at 8 positions where swine–human signatures are located* \nGene Position Swine virus residue (all subtypes) Human virus residue Pandemic (H1N1) 2009 \nvirus residue \nPB2 44 \u0003 A(301), S(27), C(1) S(2,734), A(30), L(2) \u0003 A(61)\u0003\nPA 268 \u0003 L(325), I(31), T(1) I(2,724), L(35), V(2) \u0003 L(61)\u0003\n552\u0003 T(280), S(25) \u0003 S(2,721), T(10), N(2), I(1), R(1) \u0003 T(61)\u0003\nM1 137 \u0003 T(429), A(39) \u0003 A(3,577), T(25) \u0003 T(146)\u0003\nM2 57 \u0003 Y(343), H(23), R(2) \u0003 H(3,804),Y(65), D(25), Q(5), R(5), N(4) \u0003 Y(55)\u0003\n86\u0003 V(324), A(24), S(1) \u0003 A(3,781), V(26), T(10), D(1) \u0003 V(55)\u0003\n93\u0003 N(320), S(23) \u0003 S(3,699), N(69), Q(2), R(1), H(1), I(1) \u0003 N(55)\u0003\nNS2 107 L(299), F(25) F(2,850), L(45), S(1), V(1) L(93)\u0003\n*Boldface indicates dominant amino acid residue type. PB, polymerase B; PA, polymerase A; M, matrix; NS, nonstructural. Genomic Signatures of Pandemic (H1N1) 2009 Virus\nPB1, PA, and NP protein genes, all amino acid positions \nof these 4 proteins were scanned for their residue transi-tions among the 4 virus populations shown in Table 3. The change in the amino acid that may be associated with the transformation of pandemic (H1N1) 2009 virus is sum-marized in Table 4. As well as PA-356, already shown in Table 2, two additional positions, PB2-684 and PA-204, showed the same dominant amino acid residue in avian and recent ancestral swine viruses, but a different domi-nant residue in pandemic (H1N1) 2009 viruses and human viruses. Dominance is de fi ned here as 1 residue containing \nthe largest sequence count compared with other residues at a particular aligned position. The previously used entropy measurement in Tables 1, 2, and 3 does not apply to the positions listed in Table 4, in which we emphasize the ami-no acid transition of dominant residues instead of highly conserved ones subject to the prescribed entropy threshold 0.33. Other than those 3 positions, PB1-216 was found to contain a human residue G in 8 of 9 recent ancestral swine viruses that are closer to pandemic (H1N1) 2009 viruses in the phylogenetic tree published in a study by Smith et al. (6). However, for the other 7 recent ancestors that are more distant from pandemic (H1N1) 2009 viruses, PB1-\n216 maintains an avian-residue S in 6 of 7 viruses. Our results show that the position-speci fi c transition may serve \nas a molecular marker for monitoring such adaptive muta-tions in the future.\nDiscussion\nAlthough most studies confer that the death rate as-\nsociated with pandemic (H1N1) 2009 infection is more moderate than that of subtype H5N1 infection, its virulence may vary with adaptive mutations in viral genes, subse-quently increasing the likelihood that the new virus alters its virulence in the new host species. Many of the previous-ly identi fi ed virulence factors are apparently not involved. \nFor instance, no E to K mutation at position 627 of PB2 is observed, which has been considered an important factor for avian virus to ef fi ciently replicate in mammalian sys-\ntems ( 8–11 ). Previous studies have indicated that PB1-F2 \ncontributes viral pathogenesis in the mammalian system (13,14). No PB1-F2, however, is predicted in pandemic \n(H1N1) 2009 viruses because it terminates prematurely at position 12. Its NS1 protein is truncated at position 220 and, \n Emerging Infectious Diseases • www.cdc.gov/eid • Vol. 15, No. 12, December 2009 1901 Table 3. Position-specific residue transitioning for influenza A virus among avian, recent ancestral swine, pandemic (H1N1) 200 9, and \nhuman strains, for those 8 positions of pandemic (H1N1) 2009 virus showing human-characteristic signatures* \nGene Position Avian virus residue Recent swine \nviruses residue† Pandemic (H1N1) \n2009 virus residue Human virus residue \nPB2 271 T(2,758), I(47), A(21), M(5), Q(1) A(17), S(1) A(61) A(2,770), T(15), S(1) \nPB1 336 V(3,350), I(26), A(16) I(16) I(80) I(2,595), V(168), T(1) \nPA 356 K (3,309), R(34), N(7), E(1), I(1) K(16), R(1) R(61) R(2,705), K(30) \n409 S(3,100), N(191), G(4), I(1), R(1), K(1) N(17) N(61) N(2,723), S(11),I (1)\nNP 33 V(3,173), I(284), A(1), D(1) I(18) I(121) I(2,876), V(25)\n100 R(3,422), K(34), V(23), S(1) V(17), I(1) V(68), I(46) V(2,842), I(52), R(4), A(3), L(1), \nM(1)\n305 R(3,238), K(32), S(2) K(18) K(114) K(3,052), R(33)\n357 Q(2,766), K(33), T(3), R(2) K(17), R(1) K(114) K(3,052), R(46), Q(5)\n*Boldface indicates dominant amino acid residue type. PB, polymerase B; PA, polymerase A; NP, nucleoprotein. \n†Eighteen recent ancestral swine viruses as listed in the online Appendix Table (available from www.cdc.gov/EID/content/15/12/1 897-appT.htm). We \nconsider recent ancestral strains phylogenetically neighboring to the pandemic 2009 strains, in particular for PB2 and PA genes they are clustered \ntogether with recent avian strains because the pandemic (H1N1) viruses were reported to originate from avian viruses around 199 8. Note that for 1 strain, \nA/swine/Missouri/4296424/06(H2N3), the PA sequence was not found anywhere near the other 17 recent swine strains of interest. T wo PB1 sequences, \nA/swine/Hong Kong/78/2003(H1N2) and A/swine/Korea/C13/2008(H5N2), were also found distantly located from the other 16 recent sw ine PB1 \nsequences. We excluded these 3 sequences from the amino acid statistics in this table because of their genetic deviation from t he remaining ancestral \nswine viruses we have collected here.\nTable 4. Amino acid positions containing the same residue in avian and recent ancestral swine viruses, yet changed to a \ndifferent one in pandemic (H1N1) 2009 and human viruses* \nGene Position Avian virus residue Recent swine \nviruses residue† Pandemic (H1N1) \n2009 virus residue Human virus residue \nPB2 684 A(3,278), T(70), S(11), V(9), G(6), \nD(1), E(1)A(18) S(61) S(1,944), A(806), G(2), P(2), \nY(1)\nPB1 216 S(3,299), G(62), N(37), C(11), I(7) G(9), S(7)‡ G(80) G(1,708), S(1,039), N(5), I(4), \nD(1)\nPA 204 R(2,202), K(674), E(1), G(1), S(1) R(17) K(61) K(1,776), R(991) \n356 K (3,309), R(34), N(7), E(1), I(1) K(16), R(1) R(61) R(2,705), K(30) \n*Boldface indicates dominant amino acid residue type. PB, polymerase B; PA, polymerase A. \n†Same 18 recent ancestral swine viruses used in Table 3. \n‡PB1-216 is dominated by residue G (G[8), S[1]) when considering only a subset of 9 PB1 sequences that are phylogenetically clo ser to pandemic \n(H1N1) 2009 virus. This statistic clearly shows the amino acid residue transition from avian to human signature within the popu lation of recent swine \nviruses. RESEARCH\ntherefore, lacks a PDZ ligand interacting domain. As sug-\ngested recently, the presence of this PDZ ligand domain in-creases the pathogenicity of avian in fl uenza A viruses ( 15). \nRegardless of whether these known factors are missed, a previous study has demonstrated that the virulence of pan-demic (H1N1) 2009 virus is higher than that of seasonal infl uenza A viruses ( 16). Although a virulence marker and \na host range factor may not be necessarily linked tightly, recent investigations have also demonstrated that altering PB2-627 from E to K in the avian viruses increases its viru-lence in the mammalian experimental system ( 9–11 ). For \nexample, avian in fl uenza virus subtype H7N7 reportedly \ninfects humans ( 17). A human isolate from a fatal case had \nits PB2-627 changed from avian-characteristic E to K. Cor-respondingly, the species-associated signatures identi fi ed \nin this study may serve as potential molecular targets for further evaluating how they impact the virulence of pan-demic (H1N1) 2009 viruses in humans.\nAs shown in Tables 1 and 2, the number of signature \npositions decreases signi fi cantly from 47 (human vs. avian) \nto 8 (human vs. swine), and the positions of the latter are a subset of those of the former. These observations may have the following implications. First, the 3 host species of interest differ, with each providing a unique environment for infection by the in fl uenza virus. When the avian virus \nenters humans or swine, its genetic feature is shaped by a particular evolutionary path. The viruses, therefore, have different signatures. Second, some avian-like signatures are preserved in swine viruses, suggesting that both avian species and swine may provide similar conditions for har-boring in fl uenza A viruses. The body temperature may be \na determinant. As is generally known, many avian species have a body temperature exceeding 40\noC; for most pigs it is \nvariable but still higher than the human body temperature, which is 37\noC. Consequently, the signatures are retained \nwhen an avian virus enters the swine population, with simi-lar signature-related viral replication mechanisms in both species. Third, the 39 signature positions shown in Table 1, but absent from Table 2, may be correlated with certain functional domains that interact with host factors unique in humans while differing signi fi cantly from those of avian \nand swine. Finally, the number of signature positions of swine versus humans is substantially lower than those of avian versus humans, suggesting that the species barrier to humans is easier for a swine virus to cross than for an avian virus.\nThe entropy-based computation depends strongly on a \ngood multiple sequence alignment. The 2 surface proteins HA and NA are excluded from this analysis because both contain sequences that diverged suf fi ciently from so many \nsubtypes of a given species. Locating conserved residues at particular positions on the basis of these alignments is ex-tremely dif fi cult. The entropy threshold is the other param-eter requiring attention to locate a signature position. In this \nstudy, the entropy determined from PB2-627 of the aligned residues of all avian viruses is used because PB2-627 is the most laboratory-proved host-restriction marker ( 8–11 ). A \ncomplete new set of signatures can be reproduced rapidly by using a different entropy threshold based on other fac-tors. The diverse genetic origins of in fl uenza viruses would \nalso have great impact on the reported signatures. The proposed entropy-based method to reach the 8 positions listed in Table 2 was based on all swine viruses of differ-ent origins, including North American-(classic 1918) ori-gin strains, Eurasian (post-1979 avian)-origin strains, and recent triple reassortants. A comparison of, for example, all human viruses versus classic 1918-origin swine viruses before 1978 ( ≈75 strains, or 20% of our swine sequence \npopulation) would report 60 signature positions (data not shown). In this work, we included all swine viruses of mul-tiple origins in producing Table 2 to consider only host-spe-cifi c genomic signatures that have been shaped by the same \nswine species regardless of origin. For the same reason, we did not subdivide avian or human populations into lineages when reporting avian-human signatures in Table 1.\nThis study analyzed a complete collection of species-\nspecifi c infl uenza A viral sequences, including the long-\nevolving avian, recent ancestral swine and human viruses, as well as pandemic (H1N1) 2009 viruses, which is still in its infancy. The amino acid sequence transition of pan-demic (H1N1) 2009 virus at the signature positions was also elucidated by applying the entropy-based signature analysis to these sequences. They were found mostly to be characteristic of avian species, as presented in Table 1. Notably, 8 of them changed from avian-like signatures to human-like signatures. Close examination of the residue transition at these 8 positions in Table 3 showed that PA-356, unlike the other 7 positions, retained an avian-like sig-nature in the recent ancestral swine population and changed to a human-like signature only in pandemic (H1N1) 2009. This fi nding suggests that PA-356 may be related to host-\nrestriction factors from swine to human species. Similarly, all ribonucleoprotein positions were scanned for the same transitioning pattern as in PA-356, i.e., a retained avian-like residue in the recent ancestral swine population and a change to the human residue in pandemic (H1N1) 2009 viruses. Table 4 lists them all. Although 1 of the positions, PB1- 216, was not dominated by the residue S as we would have expected, it exhibited a mixture of 2 residues involv-ing a transition from avian to human viruses. In summary, Table 4 provides a list of candidate host-restriction factors that we believe are important to adaptive mutation of in fl u-\nenza A viruses among the 3 host species. Continuous moni-toring of these signatures in nonhuman species will help in infl uenza surveillance and in evaluating the likelihood of \nfurther adaptation to humans.\n1902 Emerging Infectious Diseases • www.cdc.gov/eid • Vol. 15, No. 12, December 2009 Genomic Signatures of Pandemic (H1N1) 2009 Virus\nAcknowledgment\nWe thank Ted Knoy for editorial assistance.\nThis study was supported by Chang Gung Memorial Hospital \n(grants CMRPD250033, CMRPD260012, and CMRPD260013) and the National Science Council of Taiwan, Republic of China (grant 97-2221-E-182-034-MY3). \nDr Chen is an associate professor at the Department of Com-\nputer Science and Information Engineering, Chang Gung Univer-sity. He is actively engaged in computational molecular biology, including sequence analysis, data mining, and software develop-ment.\nDr Shih is a professor at the Department of Medical Biotech-\nnology and Laboratory Science, Chang Gung University. She is a virologist and has been devoting her career to emerging RNA virus research, especially on enterovirus 71 and in fl uenza virus. \nBoth authors are members of the Research Center for Emerging Viral Infections of Chang Gung University.\nReferences\n 1. World Health Organization. Pandemic (H1N1) 2009—update 66 \n[cited 2009 Sep 20]. Available from http://www.who.int/csr/disease/swine fl u/en\n 2. Shinde V , Bridges CB, Uyeki TM, Shu B, Balish A, Xu X, et al. \nTriple-reassortant swine in fl uenza A (H1) in humans in the Unit-\ned States, 2005–2009. N Engl J Med. 2009;360:2616–25. DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa0903812\n 3. Garten RJ, Davis CT, Russell CA, Shu B, Lindstrom S, Bal-\nish A, et al. Antigenic and genetic characteristics of swine-origin 2009 A(H1N1) in fl uenza viruses circulating in humans. Science. \n2009;325:197–201. DOI: 10.1126/science.1176225\n 4. Chen GW, Chang SC, Mok CK, Lo YL, Kung YN, Huang JH, et \nal. Genomic signatures of human versus avian in fl uenza A viruses. \nEmerg Infect Dis. 2006;12:1353–60.\n 5. Larkin MA, Blackshields G, Brown NP, Chenna R, McGettigan PA, \nMcWilliam H, et al. ClustalW and ClustalX version 2. Bioinformat-ics. 2007;23:2947–8. DOI: 10.1093/bioinformatics/btm404\n 6. Smith GJ, Vijaykrishna D, Bahl J, Lycett SJ, Worobey M, Pybus \nOG, et al. Origins and evolutionary genomics of the 2009 swine-origin H1N1 in fl uenza A epidemic. Nature. 2009;459:1122–5. DOI: \n10.1038/nature08182\n 7. Shannon CE. The mathematical theory of communication. The Bell \nSystem Technical Journal. 1948;27:379–423; 623–656. 8. Subbarao EK, London W, Murphy BR. A single amino acid in the \nPB2 gene of in fl uenza A virus is a determinant of host range. J Virol. \n1993;67:1761–4.\n 9. Hatta M, Gao P, Halfmann P, Kawaoka Y . Molecular basis for \nhigh virulence of Hong Kong H5N1 in fl uenza A viruses. Science. \n2001;293:1840–2. DOI: 10.1126/science.1062882\n10. Rameix-Welti MA, Tomoiu A, Dos Santos Afonso E, van der Werf \nS, Naffakh N. Avian in fl uenza A virus polymerase association with \nnucleoprotein, but not polymerase assembly, is impaired in human cells during the course of infection. J Virol. 2009;83:1320–31. DOI: 10.1128/JVI.00977-08\n11. Steel J, Lowen AC, Mubareka S, Palese P. Transmission of in fl uenza \nvirus in a mammalian host is increased by PB2 amino acids 627K or 627E/701N. PLoS Pathog. 2009;5:e1000252. DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1000252\n12. Taubenberger JK, Reid AH, Lourens RM, Wang R, Jin G, Fanning \nTG. Characterization of the 1918 in fl uenza virus polymerase genes. \nNature. 2005;437:889–93. DOI: 10.1038/nature04230\n13. Zamarin D, Ortigoza MB, Palese P. In fl uenza A virus PB1-F2 protein \ncontributes to viral pathogenesis in mice. J Virol. 2006;80:7976–83. DOI: 10.1128/JVI.00415-06\n14. Conenello GM, Zamarin D, Perrone LA, Tumpey T, Palese P. A \nsingle mutation in the PB1-F2 of H5N1 (HK/97) and 1918 in fl u-\nenza A viruses contributes to increased virulence. PLoS Pathog. 2007;3:1414–21. DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.0030141\n15. Jackson D, Hossain MJ, Hickman D, Perez DR, Lamb RA. A new \ninfl uenza virus virulence determinant: the NS1 protein four C-ter-\nminal residues modulate pathogenicity. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2008;105:4381–6. DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0800482105\n16. Munster VJ, de Wit E, van den Brand JM, Herfst S, Schrauwen EJ, \nBestebroer TM, et al. Pathogenesis and transmission of swine-origin 2009 A(H1N1) in fl uenza virus in ferrets. Science. 2009;325:481–3.\n17. Fouchier RA, Schneeberger PM, Rozendaal FW, Broekman JM, \nKemink SA, Munster V , et al. Avian in fl uenza A virus (H7N7) asso-\nciated with human conjunctivitis and a fatal case of acute respiratory distress syndrome. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2004;101:1356–61. DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0308352100\nAddress for correspondence (for information on computational molecular \nbiology): Guang-Wu Chen, Department of Computer Science and Infor-mation Engineering and Research Center for Emerging Viral Infections, Kweishan, Taoyuan, Taiwan, Republic of China; email: gwchen@mail.cgu.edu.tw\nAddress for correspondence (for information on in fl uenza virology): Shin-\nRu Shih, Department of Medical Biotechnology and Laboratory Science and Research Center for Emerging Viral Infections, Kweishan, Taoyuan, Taiwan, Republic of China; email: srshih@mail.cgu.edu.tw\n Emerging Infectious Diseases • www.cdc.gov/eid • Vol. 15, No. 12, December 2009 1903 \n A total of 705 rodents from 6 provinces and autono-\nmous regions of mainland People’s Republic of China were tested by PCRs for tick-borne agents ( Anaplasma phago-\ncytophilum , Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato, spotted fever \ngroup rickettsiae, and Francisella tularensis ). Infection \nrates were 5.5%, 6.7%, 9.1% and 5.0%, respectively. Eigh-teen (2.6%) rodents of 10 species were positive for 2 or 3 agents. Sequence analysis of PCR products con fi rmed the \npresence and genotypes of detected agents. These fi nd-\nings demonstrate that these tick-borne agents cocirculate and that a variety of rodent species may be involved in their enzootic maintenance.\nAnaplasma phagocytophilum , Borrelia burgdorferi \nsensu lato, spotted fever group (SFG) rickettsiae, and \nFrancisella tularensis are the causative agents of human \ngranulocytic anaplasmosis, Lyme disease, spotted fever, and tularemia, respectively. These agents are naturally maintained in animal reservoirs and considered emerging or reemerging pathogens with serious public health impli-cations. Although these agents could infect humans through various routes, ticks play a major role in transmission from animal hosts to humans.\nCo-infection with these agents has been found in many \ntick species including Ixodes scapularis in northeastern \nUnited States, I. pacifi cus and I. spinipalpis in the west-\nern United States I. ricinus in Europe, and I. persulcatus in Asia ( 1). Patients co-infected with 2 tick-borne pathogens \nusually show more severe clinical signs of longer duration (1). Experimental concurrent infections with A. phagocy-\ntophilum and B. burgdorferi may suppress interleukin-2 \n(IL-2) and interferon- γ production, promote IL-4 response, \nincrease pathogen load, and intensify Lyme arthritis ( 2–4). \nNatural infection and co-infection with these 4 agents have been reported in the People’s Republic of China in vari-ous tick species ( 5–7) such as I. persulcatus , Dermacentor \nsilvarum , Haemaphysalis concinna , H. longicornis , and H. \nwarburconi , which are known to feed on small mammals \nas well as humans.\nWe hypothesize that multiple agents might be pres-\nent in rodents from tick-infested areas. The purpose of this study was to identify A. phagocytophilum , B. burgdorferi , \nSFG rickettsiae, and F. tularensis in rodents from main-\nland China and to better understand the public health role of these emerging and reemerging pathogens.\nMaterials and Methods\nSample Collection\nDuring 2004–2006, rodents were collected at 6 study \nsites in Heilongjiang Province, Inner Mongolia Autono-mous Region, Jilin Province, Zhejiang Province, Guizhou Province, and Xinjiang Autonomous Region (Figure) at various times according to peak seasons of tick spe-cies. The fi rst 3 sites were forested highlands in the Small \nXing’an Mountains and the Great Xing’an Mountains of northeastern China, where local residents worked and were exposed to rodents and ticks. The study sites in Zhejiang and Guizhou provinces were forested rolling hills with typical temperate zone vegetation; these regions attract hundreds of thousands of tourists per year. The study site Tick-borne Agents in Rodents, \nChina, 2004–2006 \nLin Zhan,1 Wu-Chun Cao,1 Chen-Yi Chu, Bao-Gui Jiang, Fang Zhang, Wei Liu, J. Stephen Dumler, \nXiao-Ming Wu, Shu-Qing Zuo, Pan-He Zhang, Hai-Nan Huang, Qiu-Min Zhao, Na Jia, Hong Yang, \nJan H. Richardus, and J. Dik F. HabbemaRESEARCH\n1904 Emerging Infectious Diseases • www.cdc.gov/eid • Vol. 15, No. 12, December 20091These authors contributed equally to this article.Author af fi liations: Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiol-\nogy, Beijing, People’s Republic of China (L. Zhan, W.-C. Cao, C.-Y. Chu, B.-G. Jiang, F. Zhang, W. Liu, X.-M. Wu, S.-Q. Zuo, P.-H. Zhang, H.-N. Huang, Q.-M. Zhao, N. Jia, H. Yang); Johns Hop-kins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA (J.S. Dumler); and University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Nether-lands (J.H. Richardus, J.D.F. Habbema)\nDOI: 10.3201/eid1512.081141 Tick-borne Agents in Rodents, China\nin Xinjiang Autonomous Region was a forest with a rural \nresident population. Rodents were trapped by using pea-nuts as bait. After captured rodent species were identi fi ed, \nspleen specimens were collected and stored at –20°C until DNA was extracted.\nExtraction of DNA\nTotal DNA was extracted from spleen samples by us-\ning Trizol agent (Invitrogen, Carlsbad, CA, USA) follow-ing the instructions of the manufacturer. Brie fl y, ≈300 mg \nof spleen tissue from each rodent was crushed in Trizol reagent, and DNA was separated from RNA by centrifuga-tion. DNA was precipitated after washing twice in a solu-tion containing 0.1 M sodium citrate in 10% ethanol. The DNA pellet was then washed in 75% ethanol and kept at room temperature for 10–20 min. After centrifugation at 2,000 × g at 2–8°C for 5 min, DNA was dissolved in 8 \nmmol/L NaOH and centrifuged to remove insoluble ma-terial. The supernatant containing DNA was removed and adjusted with HEPES buffer to a pH of 7–8.\nPCR\nNested PCR was conducted with primers designed to \namplify part of the 16S rRNA gene of A. phagocytophi-\nlum, as described ( 8). For ampli fi cation of B. burgdorferi \nDNA, a nested PCR was performed with primers derived from B. burgdorferi 5S–23S rRNA intergenic spacer ( 9). \nPCR was performed by using primers Rr 190.70p and Rr 190–701n to amplify a fragment of the gene encoding a 190-kDa outer membrane protein A ( ompA ) gene speci fi c \nfor SFG rickettsiae ( 10). Samples were tested for F. tula-\nrensis by a nested PCR speci fi c for the outer membrane \nprotein ( fopA ) gene, as described ( 11). All PCRs were \nperformed by using a model 2700 thermal cycler (Perkin-Elmer, Waltham, MA, USA). PCR products were separat-ed by agarose gel electrophoresis, stained with ethidium bromide, and examined under UV light. To avoid con-tamination, we performed DNA extraction, reagent setup, ampli fi cation, and agarose gel electrophoresis in separate \nrooms and included negative controls (distilled water) were in each ampli fi cation.\nDNA Sequencing and Analysis\nPCR products of positive samples were sequenced \ndirectly by using a dideoxynucleotide cycle sequencing method with an automated DNA sequencer (ABI PRISM 377; Perkin-Elmer). To limit errors in sequencing, we per-formed 2 sequencing reactions of each PCR product. When different sequences were obtained, additional sequencing reactions were conducted to generate a consensus sequence. Sequences obtained in the present study were compared with the corresponding sequences deposited in GenBank by using the BLAST program of the National Center for Biotechnology Information (http://blast.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/\nBlast.cgi).\nStatistical Analysis\nChi-square or Fisher exact tests were used to compare \nproportions. p values <0.05 were considered statistically signifi cant.\nResults\nA total of 705 rodents were captured. The number \nof rodents tested and infectivity rates at different survey sites are shown in the Table. A. phagocytophilum was de-\ntected only in rodents captured in eastern regions of China (Heilongjiang, Jilin, and Zhejiang provinces) (Figure). B. \nburgdorferi was detected in rodents captured at all 6 survey \nsites. SFG rickettsiae were detected in rodents captured at all sites except Jilin Province. F. tularensis was detected in \nrodents captured only in northern China (Heilongjiang and Jilin provinces and Inner Mongolia and Xinjiang autono-mous regions; Figure).\nIn Heilongjiang Province, all 4 agents were detected in \nrodents at similar frequencies ( χ\n2 2.80, df 3, p = 0.424). No \nSFG rickettsiae were detected in rodents from Jilin Prov-ince. The infectivity rates for the 3 agents in Jilin Province did not signi fi cantly differ ( χ\n2 2.23, df 2, p = 0.328). In-\nfectivity rates for SFG rickettsiae were signi fi cantly higher \nthan those for B. burgdorferi and F. tularensis in rodents \nfrom Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region ( χ2 39.76, df 2, \np<0.001). Infectivity rates for the 3 agents in Xinjiang Au-tonomous Region did not differ signi fi cantly (χ\n2 5.01, df \n2, p = 0.082). Except for F. tularensis , the other 3 agents \nshowed similar infectivity rates for Zhejiang Province ( χ2 \n1.30, df 2, p = 0.523). Only B. burgdorferi and SFG rick-\nettsiae were found in Guizhou Province, and the difference \n Emerging Infectious Diseases • www.cdc.gov/eid • Vol. 15, No. 12, December 2009 1905 \nFigure. Study sites (triangles) in the People’s Republic of China \nwhere rodents were collected, 2004–2006. Numbers in parentheses are co-infection rates of rodents with 2 or 3 tick-borne agents RESEARCH\nin their infectivity rates was not signi fi cant (p = 0.525, by \nFisher exact test).\nA total of 18 (2.6%, 95% con fi dence interval 1.4%–\n3.8%) rodents from all survey sites except Xinjiang Au-tonomous Region were positive for 2 or 3 agents, among which 15 were positive for 2 agents. A Clethrionomys rufo-\ncanus rodent from Heilongjiang Province was positive for \nA. phagocytophilum , B. burgdorferi , and SFG rickettsiae, \nand 2 rodents ( Apodemus agrarius and Tamias sibiricu ) \nfrom Jilin Province were positive for A. phagocytophilum , \nB. burgdorferi , and F. tularensis (online Appendix Table \n1, available from www.cdc.gov/EID/content/15/12/1904-appT1.htm).\nOverall, except for 6 unclassi fi ed rodents, 23 species \nof rodents captured at the 6 survey sites were identi fi ed. \nRodent species composition varied greatly at different sites (online Appendix Table 2, available from www.cdc.gov/EID/content/15/12/1904-appT2.htm). Rattus norvegi-\ncus rodents were found at all survey sites except Xinjiang \nAutonomous Region. A. agrarius , A. peninsulae , Clethri-\nonomys rufocanus , Mus musculus , and T. sibiricu rodents \nwere found in northeastern China; A. sylvaticus , Niviventer \nconfucianus , and R. losea were found mainly in southern \nChina; and Meriones unguieulataus and M. musculus were \nfound mainly in western China.\nThe dominant rodent species differed at various study \nsites. C. rufocanus (57.8%) was dominant in Heilongjiang \nProvince, A. agrarius (36.2%) and A. peninsulae (27.1%) \nin Jilin Province, A. agrarius (29.7%) and Microtus maxi-\nmowiczii (23.7%) in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, \nM. musculus (50.0%) and M. unguieulataus (34.1%) in \nXinjiang Autonomous Region, N. confucianus (53,0%) \nin Zhejiang Province, and R. norvegicus (32.14%) and M. \nmusculus (28.6%) in Guizhou Province (online Appendix \nTable 2).\nTo con fi rm the presence and determine genotypes of \ndetected organisms, PCR products were sequenced and analyzed. A 919-bp partial 16S rRNA gene fragment for A. \nphagocytophilum was obtained from each positive speci-\nmen ( 8). A. phagocytophilum sequences detected in rodents \nfrom Heilongjiang and Jilin provinces (GenBank accession no. DQ342324) were identical and differed from those from \nZhejiang Province (GenBank accession no. DQ458808) by 2 bp, from those from ticks in United Kingdom and Swe-den (GenBank accession nos. AY082656 and AJ242784.1, respectively) by 2 bp, and from other known A. phagocyto-\nphilum sequences by >3 bp.\nSequence analysis of the B. burgdorferi 5S–23S rRNA \nintergenic spacer showed that agents isolated from rodents in Heilongjiang Province, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Jilin Province, and Xinjiang Autonomous Region belonged to the B. garinii genospecies, similar to agents \ndetected in ticks (GenBank accession no. DQ150540) in northern China. Of 16 B. burgdorferi detected in Zhejiang \nProvince, 12 belonged to the B. garinii genospecies and \nthe other 4 belonged to the B. valaisiana –related group \n(GenBank accession nos. EU160458 and EU160459). The 2 strains found in Guizhou Province also belonged to the B. valaisiana –related group (GenBank accession no. \nEU247840).\nFor identi fi cation of SFG rickettsiae, partial nucleotide \nsequences of the ompA gene were obtained from positive \nspecimens in Heilongjiang Province and Inner Mongo-lia Autonomous Region. All sequences were identical to those of the R. sibirica genotype (GenBank accession no. \nU43807). Nucleotide sequences of 35 specimens positive for F. tularensis were identical to each other and to pub-\nlished sequences for the F. tularensis subsp. holarctica \nstrain (GenBank accession no. AF247642.2).\nDiscussion\nWe detected A. phagocytophilum , B. burgdorferi , SFG \nrickettsiae, and F. tularensis in diverse species of rodents \nfrom different areas of China. Our fi ndings and previous \nevidence ( 6,9,12–15 ) suggest that several tick-borne agents \ncocirculate in mainland China, and a variety of rodent spe-cies may be involved in enzootic maintenance of these agents. \nThis study was not intended to be a comprehensive \nsurvey on active infections with A. phagocytophilum , B. \nburgdorferi , SFG rickettsiae, and F. tularensis . Rather, it \nwas designed to investigate the presence and extent of these \n1906 Emerging Infectious Diseases • www.cdc.gov/eid • Vol. 15, No. 12, December 2009Table. Infection rates for 4 tick-borne agents in rodents, People’s Republic of China, 2004–2006* \nNo. (%) rodents positive \nStudy site No. rodents \ntestedAnaplasma \nphagocytophilumBorrelia \nburgdorferi SFG rickettsiae Francisella \ntularenesis p value \nHeilongjiang Province 64 3 (4.7) 3 (4.7) 1 (1.6) 5 (7.8) 0.424\nJilin Province 205 20 (9.8) 17 (8.3) 0 26 (12.7) 0.329\nIMAR 148 0 8 (5.4) 32 (21.6) 2 (1.4) 0.0001\nXJAR 44 0 1 (2.3) 4 (9.1) 2 (4.5) 0.348\nZhejiang Province 216 16 (7.4) 16 (7.4) 21 (9.7) 0 0.598\nGuizhou Province 28 0 2 (7.1) 6 (21.4) 0 0.252\nTotal 705 39 (5.5) 47 (6.7) 64 (9.1) 35 (5.0) \n*SFG, spotted fever group; IMAR, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region; XJAR, Xinjiang Autonomous Region. Tick-borne Agents in Rodents, China\nagents in China. If one considers that human infections \nwith A. phagocytophilum , B. burgdorferi , SFG rickettsiae, \nand F. tularensis have been reported in various regions of \nChina ( 16–19 ), the presence of these agents in rodents in \nthe study areas suggests a potential threat to humans, and the public health role of these fi ndings should be further \ninvestigated.\nAlthough infectivity rates varied at different survey \nsites (Table, online Appendix Table 1), we could not de-termine the geographic diversity of these agents in rodents. The number of rodents examined was limited; therefore, infectivity rates in the current study could be biased. In addition, because intensity of circulation of any vector-borne agent fl uctuates dramatically throughout the year \nand from year to year, even at the same location ( 20,21 ), \nwe could not justify comparing infectivity rates between different sites on the basis of unsynchronized single col-lections over a 3-year period. A randomized sampling scheme and further collection of rodents are required to clarify this issue. Unfortunately, we did not collect the ticks from captured rodents for additional testing of the tick-transmitted agents. This limitation prevented us from understanding vector potential.\nIn this study, A. phagocytophilum was detected only \nin eastern China (Table, Figure), where it coexists with the other 3 agents (online Appendix Table 1). A. phagocyto-\nphilum detected in Heilongjiang, Jilin, and Zhejiang prov-\ninces were closely related to each other by 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, but less related to other known strains in other countries. B. burgdorferi was detected in rodents \nfrom all 6 survey sites. As observed in a previous study (9), B. garinii was the dominant genospecies in mainland \nChina, and the B. valaisiana –related group was present in \nsouthern China.\nSFG rickettsiae, including ≈20 species of rickettsiae, \ncan be transmitted to animals and humans not only by ticks but also by other arthropods such as infected lice, fl eas, and \nmites ( 10). In this study, we ampli fi ed the ompA gene, which \nis present in most SFG rickettsiae ( 10,22 ). The overall in-\nfectivity rate for SFG rickettsiae was highest (9.1%) among the 4 agents tested (online Appendix Table 1). Sequence analysis identi fi ed the Rickettsia sp. detected in Heilongji-\nang Province and Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region as a genotype of R. sibirica , which is known to cause Siberian \ntick typhus ( 18). However, we did not sequence PCR prod-\nucts ampli fi ed from rodents at other study sites because of \na limited amount of samples. Although sequence analysis of the ompA gene fragment is not suf fi cient to identify the \nagent ( 22), it is commonly used to recognize tick-borne \nRickettsia spp. in \nfi eld surveys ( 23).\nF. tularensis was found only in northern China, which \nverifi es our belief that F. tularensis is present only north \nof 30°N latitude. In many disease-endemic areas, ticks are known to play a role in transmitting F. tularensis from \nanimal hosts to humans, although other arthropods such as deer fl ies, fl eas, mites, and mosquitoes are known to \ncarry the bacterium. Sequence analysis showed that all F. \ntularensis detected in this study belong to the subspecies \nholarctica .\nInterference of infections among A. phagocytophilum , \nB. burgdorferi , SFG rickettsiae, and F. tularensis in rodent \nhosts is not clear. Our fi ndings indicate that infection with \nA. phagocytophilum does not intensify risk for transmis-\nsion of the other 3 agents and vice versa. B. burgdorferi \nin rodents appears to increase risk for infection with F. tu-\nlarensis but does not increase the possibility of infection \nwith SFG rickettsiae or A. phagocytophilum . Further in-\nvestigations are needed to demonstrate positive or negative interactions of the pathogens and to establish whether this interference is associated with the animal species.\nOf 705 rodents tested in this study, 15 were infected \nwith 2 agents and 3 were infected with 3 agents. These fi ndings indicate that mixed natural foci of tick-borne \nagents are present at the study sites. Because A. phago-\ncytophilum , B. burgdorferi , SFG rickettsiae, and F. tu-\nlarensis were found in ticks collected in the study areas \n(6–9,12–14 ), it is not surprising that multiple agents were \ndetected in rodents. Coexistence of multiple agents might be caused by a single bite of a tick infected with several agents or multiple bites of ticks infected with at least 1 agent. The presence of 4 pathogens in the study areas demonstrates the risk for multiple infections in humans, which may lead to variations and exacerbation of clini-cal signs ( 1). Therefore, differential diagnoses should be \nmade for febrile patients with a history of tick bites in these areas, particularly when clinical signs are atypical for 1 disease or a related disease.\nAmong 23 rodent species trapped in this study, 21 \nwere infected with >1 agent (online Appendix Table 2). Only 2 species ( Cricetulus migratourius and N. fulvescens ) \nwere negative for all 4 agents. Which species is the main host of each agent remains unknown, because none of the agents are predominantly associated with 1 or a few related rodent species, regardless of their geographic origin. How-ever, A. phagocytophilum , B. burgdorferi , SFG rickettsiae, \nand F. tularensis in various rodent species illustrate the \npotential roles of various rodents in maintaining these tick-\nborne agents. Systematic epidemiologic studies that inves-tigate characteristics of natural foci and the role of small wild animals in transmission of these agents to humans are needed.\nAcknowledgments\nWe thank Xiao’ai Zhang for technical assistance, Tian-Yu \nGuo for identi fi cation of rodent species, and Ding-Ming Wang, \nJian-Bo Wang, and Rong-Li Dang for assistance in fi eld surveys.\n Emerging Infectious Diseases • www.cdc.gov/eid • Vol. 15, No. 12, December 2009 1907 RESEARCH\nThis study was supported by the National Science Fund for \nDistinguished Young Scholars (no. 30725032) and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (no. 30600506).\nDr Zhan is an epidemiologist at the Beijing Institute of Mi-\ncrobiology and Epidemiology. Her primary research interests are epidemiology and control of emerging and reemerging infectious diseases.\nReferences\n 1. Swanson SJ, Neitzel D, Reed KD, Belongia EA. Coinfections ac-\nquired from Ixodes ticks. Clin Microbiol Rev. 2006;19:708–27. \nDOI: 10.1128/CMR.00011-06\n 2. Zeidner NS, Dolan MC, Massung R, Piesman J, Fish D. Coinfection \nwith Borrelia burgdorferi and the agent of human granulocytic ehrli-\nchiosis suppresses IL-2 and IFN gamma production and promotes an IL-4 response in C3H/HeJ mice. Parasite Immunol. 2000;22:581–8. DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-3024.2000.00339.x\n 3. Thomas V , Anguita J, Barthold SW, Fikrig E. Coinfection with Bor-\nrelia burgdorferi and the agent of human granulocytic ehrlichiosis \nalters murine immune responses, pathogen burden, and severity of Lyme arthritis. Infect Immun. 2001;69:3359–71. DOI: 10.1128/IAI.69.5.3359-3371.2001\n 4. Nyarko E, Grab DJ, Dumler JS. Anaplasma phagocytophilum –\ninfected neutrophils enhance transmigration of Borrelia burgdor-\nferi across the human blood brain barrier in vitro. Int J Parasitol. \n2006;36:601–5. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpara.2006.01.014\n 5. Cao WC, Zhao QM, Zhang PH, Yang H, Wu XM, Wen BH, et al. \nPrevalence of Anaplasma phagocytophila and Borrelia burgdorferi \nin Ixodes persulcatus ticks from northeastern China. Am J Trop Med \nHyg. 2003;68:547–50.\n 6. Zhang F, Liu W, Wu XM, Xin ZT, Zhao QM, Yang H, et al. De-\ntection of Francisella tularensis in ticks and identi fi cation of their \ngenotypes using multiple-locus variable-number tandem repeat analysis. BMC Microbiol. 2008;8:152. DOI: 10.1186/1471-2180-8-152\n 7. Huang HN, Ding Z, He J, Wu XM, Jiang BG, Gao Y , et al. Study on \nthe coinfection status of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato and spot-\nted fever group Rickettsia in ticks from Hunchun, Jilin Province [in \nChinese]. Zhonghua Liu Xing Bing Xue Za Zhi. 2006;27:379–83.\n 8. Cao WC, Zhao QM, Zhang PH, Dumler JS, Zhang XT, Fang LQ, \net al. Granulocytic ehrlichiae in Ixodes persulcatus ticks from an \narea in China where Lyme disease is endemic. J Clin Microbiol. 2000;38:4208–10.\n 9. Chu CY , Jiang BG, Liu W, Zhao QM, Wu XM, Zhang PH, et al. \nPresence of pathogenic Borrelia burgdorfer i sensu lato in ticks \nand rodents in Zhejiang, south-east China. J Med Microbiol. 2008;57:980–5. DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.47663-0\n10. Parola P, Paddock CD, Raoult D. Tick-borne rickettsioses around the \nworld: emerging diseases challenging old concepts. Clin Microbiol Rev. 2005;18:719–56. DOI: 10.1128/CMR.18.4.719-756.200511. Fulop M, Leslie D, Titball R. A rapid highly sensitive method for \nthe detection of Francisella tularensis in clinical samples using the \npolymerase chain reaction. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 1996;54:364–6.\n12. Cao WC, Zhan L, He J, Foley JE, SJ De Vlas SJ, Wu XM, et al. \nNatural Anaplasma phagocytophilum infection of ticks and rodents \nfrom a forest area of Jilin Province, China. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2006;75:664–8.\n13. Zhan L, Cao WC, De Vlas S, Xie SY , Zhang PH, Wu XM, et al. \nA newly discovered Anaplasma phagocytophilum variant in rodents \nfrom southeastern China. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis. 2008;8:369–80. DOI: 10.1089/vbz.2007.0211\n14. Chu CY , Liu W, Jiang BG, Wang DM, Jiang WJ, Zhao QM, et al. A \nnovel genospecies of Borrelia burgdorfer i sensu lato from rodents \nand ticks of southwestern China. J Clin Microbiol. 2008;46:3130–3. DOI: 10.1128/JCM.01195-08\n15. Zhang F, Liu W, Chu MC, He J, Duan Q, Wu XM, et al. Francisella \ntularensis in rodents, China. Emerg Infect Dis. 2006;12:994–6.\n16. Zhang L, Liu Y , Ni D, Li Q, Yu Y , Yu XJ, et al. Nosocomial trans-\nmission of human granulocytic anaplasmosis in China. JAMA. 2008;300:2263–70. DOI: 10.1001/jama.2008.626\n17. Ai CX, Wen YX, Zhang YG, Wang SS, Qiu GC, Shi ZX, et al. Epi-\ndemiological study on Lyme disease in Hailin of Heilongjiang. Chi-nese Public Health. 1987;6:82–5.\n18. Fan MY , Zhang JZ, Chen M, Yu XJ. Spotted fever group rickettsio-\nses in China. In: Raoult D, Brouqui P, editors. Rickettsiae and rick-ettsial diseases at the turn of the third millennium. Paris: Elsevier; 1999. p. 247–57.\n19. Preliminary study of tularemia in humans and the tick (Dermacentor \nmarginatus) populations in Ta-cheng District of the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region. [in Chinese]. Zhonghua Liu Xing Bing Xue Za Zhi. 1985;6:20–2.\n20. Bown KJ, Begon M, Bennett M, Woldehiwet Z, Ogden NH. Sea-\nsonal dynamics of Anaplasma phagocytophila in a rodent–tick \n(Ixodes trianguliceps ) system, United Kingdom. Emerg Infect Dis. \n2003;9:63–70.\n21. Wielinga PR, Gaasenbeek C, Fonville M, de Boer A, de Vries A, \nDimmers W, et al. Longitudinal analysis of tick densities and Bor-\nrelia, Anaplasma , and Ehrlichia infections of Ixodes ricinus ticks in \ndifferent habitat areas in The Netherlands. Appl Environ Microbiol. 2006;72:7594–601. DOI: 10.1128/AEM.01851-06\n22. Fournier PE, Dumler JS, Greub G, Zhang J, Wu Y , Raoult D. Gene \nsequence-based criteria for identi fi cation of new Rickettsia isolates \nand description of Rickettsia heilongjiangensis sp. nov. J Clin Micro-\nbiol. 2003;41:5456–65. DOI: 10.1128/JCM.41.12.5456-5465.2003\n23. Ammerman NC, Swanson I, Anderson JM, Schwartz TR, Seaberg \nEC, Glass GE, et al. Spotted-fever group Rickettsia in Dermacentor \nvariabilis, Maryland. Emerg Infect Dis. 2004;10:1478–81.\nAddress for correspondence: Wu-Chun Cao, State Key Laboratory \nof Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, 20 Dong-Da St, Fengtai District, Beijing 100071, People’s Republic of China; email: caowc@nic.bmi.ac.cn\n1908 Emerging Infectious Diseases • www.cdc.gov/eid • Vol. 15, No. 12, December 2009\n The outbreak of in fl uenza A pandemic (H1N1) 2009 \nprompted many countries in Asia, previously strongly af-fected by severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), to respond with stringent measures, particularly in preventing outbreaks in hospitals. We studied actual direct costs and cost-effectiveness of different response measures from a hospital perspective in tertiary hospitals in Singapore by simulating outbreaks of SARS, pandemic (H1N1) 2009, and 1918 Spanish in fl uenza. Protection measures target-\ning only infected patients yielded lowest incremental cost/death averted of $23,000 (US$) for pandemic (H1N1) 2009. Enforced protection in high-risk areas (Yellow Alert) and full protection throughout the hospital (Orange Alert) averted deaths but came at an incremental cost of up to $2.5 million/death averted. SARS and Spanish in fl uenza favored more \nstringent measures. High case-fatality rates, virulence, and high proportion of atypical manifestations impacted cost-ef-fectiveness the most. A calibrated approach in accordance with viral characteristics and community risks may help re-fi ne responses to future epidemics.\nPandemic in fl uenza A (H1N1) 2009 virus is a new in-\nfl uenza virus of swine origin that was fi rst detected in \nApril 2009. Within 4 months of its appearance in Mexico, it had spread to >100 countries, with >200,000 con fi rmed \ncases globally, including >2,000 deaths ( 1). When the World Health Organization (WHO) raised its global in fl u-\nenza pandemic alert to phase 5 (imminent pandemic) on April 27, 2009, many countries followed suit and activated their pandemic preparedness plans, although this varied be-tween countries. Many countries with direct experience of the 2003 severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) out-break tended toward more stringent measures.\nSingapore was one of the countries most affected by \nSARS and experienced a disproportionate impact of the spread of the disease in hospitals ( 2,3). A total of 98 health-\ncare workers in Singapore were infected with SARS, 6 of whom died ( 4). After the SARS experience, Singapore’s \nMinistry of Health (MOH) developed a pandemic in fl uenza \nplan with several levels of response that correlated roughly with the WHO Pandemic Alert Response system ( 5). The \nDisease Outbreak Response System (DORSCON)-FLU system that MOH devised requires progressively higher levels of infection control in hospitals in addition to bor-der screening, restrictions on visitors to hospitals, and community-based syndromic surveillance for acute febrile illnesses (Table 1).\nIn accordance with the progressive elevation of WHO \npandemic alert levels, Singapore raised its own pandemic alert level to Yellow on April 27, 2009, and further elevat-ed it to Orange 2 days later. At this level, all hospital staff were required to wear N95 masks when dealing with all pa-tients. Patients were restricted to 1 registered and screened visitor, all medical and nursing student rotations and lo-cal medical conferences were cancelled, leave restrictions for healthcare workers (HCWs) were put in place, inter-hospital movement of patients and HCWs was banned, and Cost-effectiveness Analysis of \nHospital Infection Control \nResponse to an Epidemic \nRespiratory Virus Threat\nYock Young Dan, Paul A. Tambyah, Joe Sim, Jeremy Lim, Li Yang Hsu, Wai Leng Chow, \nDale A. Fisher, Yue Sie Wong, and Khek Yu Ho\n Emerging Infectious Diseases • www.cdc.gov/eid • Vol. 15, No. 12, December 2009 1909 Author af fi liations: National University Health System, Singapore \n(Y.Y. Dan, P.A. Tambyah, J. Sim, L.Y. Hsu, D.A. Fisher, K.Y. Ho); and Singapore General Hospital, Singapore (J. Lim, W.L. Chow, Y.S. Wong)\nDOI: 10.3201/eid1512.090902 RESEARCH\nfurther limitations were placed on elective surgery. These \nmeasures were aimed primarily at avoiding a repeat of the SARS epidemic where nosocomial transmission originated with patients whose SARS infections were undiagnosed in hospital, and because in fl uenza may be contagious before \nsymptoms develop in infected patients. In fact, nosocomial infl uenza has been well documented since the 1957 Asian \ninfl uenza pandemic ( 6). Based on studies conducted pri-\nmarily in the United States, it has been estimated that 1 nosocomial case of in fl uenza in a pediatric unit can cost up \nto $7,500 (US) ( 7). A recent review ( 8) of 28 nosocomial \noutbreaks of seasonal in fl uenza summarized the evidence \nfor nosocomial transmission of in fl uenza in hospitals with \naccompanying illness and death ( 8,9).\nWhen it subsequently became apparent that the case-\nfatality rate for pandemic (H1N1) 2009 was much lower than previously thought, especially in settings of industrial-ized countries, the alert level in Singapore was lowered to Yellow on May 11, 2009, even as WHO moved to alert level 6 after the pandemic was declared.\nThe risks and impacts of an outbreak will no doubt de-\npend on the transmissibility, virulence, and clinical severity of illness. Thus, the bene fi ts of a high alert status response \nat the onset of an outbreak as a “safe rather than sorry” strategy is not unreasonable when faced with an unknown novel potentially lethal virus. Yet, on the other hand, pre-ventive measures from a hospital perspective come with a price. Direct costs include activation as well as ongoing ad-ministrative, manpower, and logistic resources, such as use of enhanced personal protective equipment, as part of the alert response measures.We made use of this unique opportunity to evaluate \nthe real costs of our primary prevention interventions and their potential cost-effectiveness against different models of infl uenza virulence and transmissibility in a simulated \noutbreak in our 1,000-bed tertiary teaching hospital to un-derstand the relative incremental cost per additional death averted at different alert status levels. The key variables that affected the cost-effectiveness ratio the most were identi fi ed and studied. The same analysis was subsequently \nrepeated for a parallel 1,500-bed tertiary teaching hospi-tal. Using the outcome variables of disease cases, deaths, and incremental cost per death averted, we sought to deter-mine if a calibrated and measured response plan based on characteristics of the virus in the outbreak could be better defi ned.\nMethods\nTo determine the cost incurred per day over the period \nwhere hospitals were at DORSCON Yellow and Orange, we obtained actual direct and indirect costs from the Op-erations and Finance Departments of the hospitals. Excess costs were measured by comparing these with operating costs and results over the same period in 2008.\nTo simulate a hospital outbreak, we used a decision \nanalysis model to perform cost-effectiveness analysis to determine the impact of an outbreak from a single index case that was not detected by hospital surveillance and was found in the general ward. The Markov decision model was built using Treeage software (www.treeage.com), and sim-ulation was performed based on hospital staff and inpatients (n = 7,500) over a time horizon of 30 days. Each person \n1910 Emerging Infectious Diseases • www.cdc.gov/eid • Vol. 15, No. 12, December 2009Table 1. Characteristics of Singapore MOH influenza outbreak response system* \nSingapore MOH \nDORSCON alert \nlevelWHO \npandemic\nalert level Global/local situation Hospital measures Community measures \nGreen 0 1 No novel influenza virus \ncirculatingTriage and isolation of febrile \npatients, use of PPE as \nappropriate Surveillance, maintenance of \nantiviral drug stockpile \nGreen 1 2–3 Novel virus but predominantly \nanimal disease with limited \ntransmission to humans Full PPE for suspect cases, \ncontact tracing for confirmed \ncases, antiviral treatment for all \nconfirmed cases Enhanced surveillance, \ncommunication, readiness \nmeasures\nYellow 4 Inefficient human-to-human \ntransmission of novel virus Full PPE for HCWs in high risk \ncontact, visitor restriction, \nrestrict movement of patients \nand HCWs Enhanced surveillance, public \nhealth education, border body \ntemperature screening, \nsurveillance of returned travelers \nfrom affected areas \nOrange 5 Global or local clusters but \ntransmission still localized PPE stepped up to cover \n“medium-risk” patients, no \nvisitors, no interhospital \nmovement of patients or HCWs, \npost-exposure prophylaxis for \ncontactsBody temperature screening at \ncommunity areas, consider school \nclosure, body temperature \nscreening at borders, enhanced \npublic health education \nRed 6 Pandemic under way, import \ninto Singapore is inevitable As above with establishment of \n18 influenza clinics As above with possible use of \nmasks in the community \n*MOH, Ministry of Health; DORSCON, Disease Outbreak Response System; WHO, World Health Organization; PPE, personal protective e quipment;\nHCWs, healthcare workers. Adapted from ( 5). Infection Control Response to Epidemic Respiratory Virus\nwould transit between exclusive Markov states of Suscep-\ntible, Exposed, Incubation, Infectious, Isolated, Atypical, Recovered, or Dead. (Figure 1). The scenario assumes that all clinical cases will be identi fi ed and isolated. Infection \nis thus transmitted in the preclinical infectious phase or by atypical or subclinical cases not recognized and hence not isolated, as well as through the failure of personal protec-tive equipment. Variables studied in the model included the number of persons exposed per infected patient, secondary attack rate, percentage of atypical and subclinical cases, duration of preclinical infectious period, and infectious pe-riod, as well as case-fatality rate.\nBased on preliminary data available at the time of writ-\ning, comparisons were made between 3 respiratory viruses: a SARS-like virus, a 1918 Spanish in fl uenza–like virus, \nand a pandemic (H1N1) 2009–type virus. Validation of the model was performed by comparing generated reproduc-tion numbers to reported estimates from actual SARS data in Singapore ( 10) and Spanish in fl uenza (for con fi ned ar-\neas) ( 11) and showed consistent case and death numbers. \nWe compared 4 different strategies: 1) no additional mea-sures; 2) Green Alert response, which mandated personal protective equipment (PPE) for HCWs in direct contact with patients suspected of having avian in fl uenza or other \nemerging infectious diseases; 3) Yellow Alert response, which mandated enhanced PPE at all high-risk areas; and 4) Orange Alert response, which mandated N95 masks for all patient contact and the restrictions described above (Table 1). Outcome measures were number of patients in-fected, number of deaths, cost (in US$) per case prevented, and cost per death prevented compared to baseline where no preventive measures were implemented, as well as in-cremental cost per death averted compared with the corre-sponding lower level of alert status. Multivariate sensitivity analysis was performed to understand the impact of viral characteristics as well as different hospital response poli-cies on cost-effectiveness outcomes. The number of persons exposed in hospital and protective gear failure rates were from an actual outbreak simulation exercise performed at our hospital ( 12). Because there were no cases of pandemic \n(H1N1) 2009 virus infections during this period, estimates were all based on those in the literature ( 13). Details of the \ninput variables are included in Table 2.\nResults\nAn outbreak of pandemic (H1N1) 2009 from intro-\nduction by an HCW, a patient with undiagnosed infection, or a visitor in our hospital at base case with no protection measures will result in 2,580 infected patients at 30 days. This fi nding would be similar to that of seasonal in fl uenza \nand correspond to a 30% attack rate. With a 0.4% mortality rate, there would be 10 deaths from infection with pandem-ic (H1N1) 2009 virus. In contrast, Spanish in fl uenza would result in 3,210 infected patients and 161 deaths (case-fa-\ntality rate 5%). The increased number of infections in the Spanish in fl uenza model is driven by the short incubation \ntime of the epidemic and results in more rounds of infection rather than an increase in basic reproductive number (aver-age number of secondary cases per index case) ( 14). On the \nother hand, because SARS has a longer incubation period and lower transmissibility rate, the number of infected pa-tients is lower at 825 but, owing to the high case-fatality rates, 82 deaths may ensue (Table 3).\nGreen Alert status mandates PPE for HCWs in direct \ncontact with patients suspected of having the infection. Transmission will thus be only through preclinical cases before they are identi fi ed and patients can be isolated or \nthrough atypical or subclinical cases that are missed. We assumed pandemic (H1N1) 2009 has a lowered 50% trans-missibility for atypical or subclinical cases ( 15); this rate \neffectively reduced the infected patients to 316 with only 1 death (Figure 2, panel B). This resulted in additional costs of $95 to prevent 1 additional infected patient and $23,600 to prevent 1 death. Moving to Yellow Alert would reduce infected patients to 59 and avert all deaths. The costs to prevent additional infection and death are $3,221 and $828,000, respectively. Activating Orange alert with full PPE gear, restricting visitors, and cancelling elective procedures would halve the infections to only 24 cases with no deaths. However, the additional cost over Yellow Alert would escalate to $7,153 per infection prevented and a staggering $2.5 million to in fi nity for 1 death averted \n(Figure 3).\nSimulation for Spanish in fl uenza showed a decreased \nnumber of deaths from 31 at Green Alert to 6 at Yellow Alert and 3 at Orange Alert (Figure 2, panel B). This fi nd-\ning translated to $50,000 per death averted moving from Green to Yellow and $153,000 per death averted moving from Yellow Alert to Orange. For SARS, on the other hand, the incremental cost of moving from Green Alert to Yellow \n Emerging Infectious Diseases • www.cdc.gov/eid • Vol. 15, No. 12, December 2009 1911 \nFigure 1. Markov model simulating a stochastic simulation of \nepidemics approach for an outbreak in a hospital institution. RESEARCH\nis $120,000 per death averted; this drops to $75,000 when \nmoving from Yellow to Orange. This fi nding is mainly due \nto the high (10%) case-fatality rate and the relatively higher percentage of atypical patients who are missed and not iso-lated, a lesson learned from the actual SARS experience (Figure 3).\nSensitivity analysis showed that the factors that im-\npacted the cost-effectiveness ratio most are case-fatality rate, patient exposure rate, and secondary attack rate (Figure 4). In the pandemic (H1N1) 2009 scenario, the case fatality-rate ranging from 0.1% (seasonal in fl uenza) to 10% \n(SARS) results in the cost per death averted moving from infi nity (no death) to $35,000 per death averted (Orange \nAlert). Similarly, changing the exposure rate from 1.5 per-sons/day (10% PPE failure rate, Orange Alert) to 30 per-sons/day (0% reduction) per infected patient changed the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio from $2.5 million per death averted to $23,000. If pandemic (H1N1) 2009 had a higher 50% transmission rate, Orange Alert would become the most cost-effective strategy. The other variables had an \nimpact on cost per case prevented but did not impact the incremental cost per death averted ratio.\nTo determine the impact of hospital size on our model, \nwe modeled our simulation on the nation’s other tertiary hospital with 1,500 beds using their actual cost records. The model estimates that 10 expected deaths in the outbreak would be reduced to 1 death under Green Alert and none in Yellow and Orange Alerts. The incremental cost/death averted is $32,000, $1.9 million, and $5.4 million when moving from Green to Yellow to Orange, respectively. Al-though the cost ranking is consistent with that predicted by base-case simulation, the actual incremental cost index is much higher, re fl ecting the higher cost for activating alert \nstatus in a bigger hospital.\nDiscussion\nSingapore and many of the other countries badly affect-\ned by the SARS epidemic of 2003 launched comprehensive \n1912 Emerging Infectious Diseases • www.cdc.gov/eid • Vol. 15, No. 12, December 2009Table 2. Variables used in Markov mode (base case and sensitivity analysis) to compare outbreak estimates, Singapore* \nVariable Description Base case Sensitivity analysis \nExposure No. persons exposed in 1 day in \nhospital per index case (nonlinear) 15 (average for 2 days) \n6 (average for 5 days) 2–30\nSecondary attack rate No. persons exposed/infected 30% Spanish influenza \n10% SARS \n30% pandemic (H1N1) 2009 10–100%\nIncubation period Time to symptoms Spanish influenza: 2 days \nSARS: 4 day \nPandemic (H1N1) 2009: 3 days 1–7\nInfectious period preclinical Incubation–latent Spanish influenza: 1 day \nSARS: 0 day \nPandemic (H1N1) 2009: 1 day 1–3\n% Clinical versus asymptomatic Spanish influenza: 95% \nSARS: 100% \nPandemic (H1N1) 2009: 95% 70–100%\n% Atypical (missed) Spanish influenza: 5% \nSARS: 20% \nPandemic (H1N1) 2009: 5% 0–50%\n% Complication 10× mortality rate \nInfective atypical Infective 4 days 1–7\nCase-fatality rate % death Spanish influenza: 5% \nSARS: 10% \nPandemic (H1N1) 2009: 4% \nIsolation failure Transmission despite PPE/isolation 5% 0–10%\nExposure reduction % reduction in exposure rate Alert Green 50% \nAlert Yellow 80% \nAlert Orange 90% 0–100%\nCost based on alert policy, direct \nand indirect Once \nDaily recurring Activation: US$110,000 \nGreen: US$4,000 \nYellow: US$76,000 \nOrange: US$100,000 \nCost by type of treatment, based \non actual financial charges Isolation\nTreatment antiviral/day \nUncomplicated influenza \nComplicated influenza \nRespiratory failure with mechanical \nventilationUS$230\nUS$25\nMean: US$600, Median: US$420 \nMean: US$1800, Median: US$220 \nMean: US$5,500, Median:US$4,660 \n*SARS, severe acute respiratory syndrome; PPE, personal protective equipment. Infection Control Response to Epidemic Respiratory Virus\npandemic response plans based on a SARS model ( 5). The \nlessons of the SARS epidemic, in particular the effect of protecting HCWs from patients with undiagnosed, uniso-lated respiratory viral infections ( 16,17), have been applied \nrigorously to the pandemic plans of the Singapore Ministry of Health. Although it is dif fi cult to quantify the impact of \nthese interventions when they are taken as a whole, data from our modeling show that a nuanced approach that con-centrates on administrative measures to isolate patients and selectively use PPE when working with patients suspected of having novel strains of pandemic (H1N1) 2009 virus would have a relatively favorable cost-effectiveness ratio.\nOn the other hand, the psychological and economic \nimpact of SARS has been described as one of Singapore’s most traumatic experiences and one that left deep scars on the healthcare system of this country ( 18). It could be and \nhas been argued that a draconian approach that seeks to pro-tect all HCWs fully ensures that every case of in fl uenza is \nidenti fi ed early and contacts traced. Any healthcare facility \nensuring no second- or third-generation transmission would provide intangible gains that exceed the economic costs of such a strategy. Nevertheless, this desire must still be bal-anced against the community impact of a disease such as infl uenza, which has a different epidemiology than SARS \n(7). We currently believe that pandemic (H1N1) 2009 vi-\nrus causes predominantly community-based disease ( 13). \nData from the United States, where infection control rec-ommendations ( 19) are similar to our DORSCON Green, \nhave not shown any evidence to date of large nosocomial outbreaks.\nIn our model, we have shown that cost-effectiveness \nratio is dependent on the interplay between exposure rate, transmissibility (secondary attack rate), case-fatality rate, and risk of transmission from atypical cases. Infectious dis-\neases with high fatality rates and transmission from atypi-cal cases (such as SARS) will need the full bene fi t of PPE \nto reduce mortality rates. This fi nding is re fl ected in Orange \nAlert having a better cost-effectiveness ratio than Yellow Alert. Mild diseases with low fatality rates, such as pan-demic (H1N1) 2009, and low incidence of atypical or sub-clinical infectious cases have the best cost-effectiveness ra-tio at Green Alert provided surveillance measures are able to identify infected patients and isolate them early. The cost-effectiveness ratio increases exponentially after that due to the much higher costs incurred. However, although Yellow Alert comes at a heavier price tag, it effectively averts any deaths. Activating Orange Alert increases cost with minimal bene fi t in mortality rate reduction. In reality, \nour model suggests that parallel efforts in contact tracing and voluntary quarantine may further reduce the exposure rate and break the chain of transmission.\nOur base model took into account only direct costs as-\nsociated with each alert status. In real situations, indirect costs such as lost revenues from cancellation of elective surgeries to free up hospital resources, decreased elec-tive admissions and outpatient attendances, administrative costs associated with senior staff meetings, and lost clini-cal teaching time, add up to more than the direct costs and would magnify the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio fur-ther. In fact, if direct and indirect costs were included in the modeling, the incremental cost/death averted ratio of moving from Yellow Alert to Orange in pandemic (H1N1) 2009 increased to a staggering $8–$81 million for both hospitals. Although these indirect costs are not part of the infection control process per se, surge capacity response plans to ensure that the healthcare system has the reserve \n Emerging Infectious Diseases • www.cdc.gov/eid • Vol. 15, No. 12, December 2009 1913 Table 3. Results of cost-effectiveness analysis of potential outbreaks and responses, Singapore* \nAlert level and diseaseNo.\ninfected No. deaths Additional\ncostCost/case\nprevented†Cost/death\nprevented†Incremental\ncost/case‡Incremental\ncost/death‡\nNone\n Pandemic (H1N1) 2009 2,580 10 25,200\n Spanish influenza 3,210 161 80,000\n SARS 825 83 99,200\nGreen \n Pandemic (H1N1) 2009 316 1 326,430 95 23,644\n Spanish influenza 624 31 468,000 107 2,140\n SARS 105 11 220,500 120 1,195\nYellow \n Pandemic (H1N1) 2009 59 0.2 1,485,500 414 103,274 3,221 827,907\n Spanish influenza 120 6 2,212,000 493 9,857 2,472 49,829\n SARS 43 4 1,188,000 995 9,945 11,146 121,241\nOrange \n Pandemic (H1N1) 2009 24 0.1 1,836,000 506 126,807 7,153 2,503,600\n Spanish influenza 59 2.95 2,856,000 629 12,590 7,541 153,333\n SARS 12 1.2 1,537,000 1,263 12,601 8,041 7,541\n*SARS, severe acute respiratory syndrome. All costs given in US$. \n†Compared with no policy. ‡Compared with 1 alert level down. RESEARCH\ncapacity to react to a full-blown community outbreak are \ncritical to all pandemic plans ( 20) and contribute serious \ncosts to the hospital.\nThe major limitations of our study are that we have sim-\nulated a situation in which community infection is still rela-tively low and the outbreak in hospital arises from 1 index case. When a community epidemic is established, the inci-dence of new index cases entering the institution increases, especially if there are prevalent atypical or subclinically infected persons. In such a scenario the cost-effectiveness ratio of higher alert status will decrease, and it may become \nmore bene fi cial to escalate protective measures.\nCost-effectiveness analyses merely provide a math-\nematical projection to better understand the key factors that affect outcomes. The actual magnitude of the cost-effec-tiveness will vary depending on institutional cost, which varies between different sized hospitals and whether direct or indirect costs are included. Nonetheless, knowledge of the exponential relationship of the different viruses on the cost-effectiveness ranking is critical in charting response policy. Indirect costs of an uncontrolled pandemic are also economic and social, especially in Singapore where the economy is dependent on trade and tourism. A higher cost-effectiveness ratio does not imply that additional lives are not worth saving. In the case of pandemic (H1N1) 2009, if it costs $2.5 million to prevent 1 death, using a median age of 37 years for persons who died ( 21) and expected \nlife expectancy of 80 years ( 22), the incremental cost-ef-\nfectiveness ratio works out to $40,000 per life-year saved. In addition, preventive measures go beyond saving lives and include resultant savings from reducing hospitaliza-tion of infected patients and prolonged intensive care with mechanical ventilation for severe cases, as well as the logistic costs of further contact tracing and quarantine. \nWe have not factored the cost of in fl uenza antiviral \nprophylaxis or the costs and effectiveness of novel vaccina-tions that may be required, nor did we include the costs of work-days lost from staff taking medical leave due to their \n1914 Emerging Infectious Diseases • www.cdc.gov/eid • Vol. 15, No. 12, December 2009\nFigure 2. Epidemic simulation. A) Base case simulation assuming \nno protection over 30 days (n = 7,500). B) Number of deaths for pandemic (H1N1) 2009, Spanish in fl uenza, and severe acute \nrespiratory syndrome (SARS) with different levels of alert status.\nFigure 3. Incremental cost/death for 3 viruses with different alert status. Incremental cost to avert 1 additional death moving through ascending levels of alert status. Cost-effectiveness increases exponentially for pandemic (H1N1) 2009 while maintaining an almost linear fashion for both Spanish in fl uenza and severe acute \nrespiratory syndrome (SARS). The incremental cost/death averted ratio is lower for Alert Orange compared to Alert Yellow for SARS. Infection Control Response to Epidemic Respiratory Virus\nbeing infected or being placed in quarantine. The impact of \nlax border controls, subclinical patients carrying the virus into the community, and closure of community institutions or even hospitals due to an outbreak were also not com-puted. We assumed that the hospital is a closed community with a fi xed number of staff and patients. This obviously is \nnot true in real life but is mitigated in our analysis because the same assumption is applied to every response measure and the outcomes are incremental indices over another lev-el of protection.\nFrom the perspective of a healthcare institution, how \ndo we predict the virulence of new virus early in the out-break and adopt the most cost-effective response policy? If a mild epidemic spreads rapidly through the community, there might be multiple points of entry into the hospital; however, such a mild community outbreak might present more commonly to primary healthcare clinics and presenta-tions to hospital may be few. Thus a step-up approach from Green to Yellow in accordance with predicted risks as we have shown may be the most cost-effective approach.\nIt is not known for certain how pandemic (H1N1) 2009 \nwill behave in subsequent waves. Although the new virus seems to have relatively low virulence, the virus might re-emerge with a case-fatality rate more like that of the 1918 infl uenza pandemic or the SARS pandemic. Our model \nshows that DORSCON Green, which focuses on infection control for suspected cases, will achieve a relatively high degree of protection for our staff, patients, and visitors even in the setting of a higher case-fatality rate. The main advantage of DORSCON Yellow and Orange is that unde-tected infected persons that are not isolated are less likely to become a source of transmission if there is universal use of N95 masks. This has to be balanced with the degree of \ncompliance that can be achieved by the use of full-scale PPE for patients with no risk of the disease (e.g., patients with trauma or other medical or surgical conditions) and the well known adverse effects of prolonged use of N95 masks ( 23).\nHowever, it is useful to also note that although a step-\nup approach may be the most cost-effective for the health-care institution, the appropriate policy stance at the national level may not necessarily be the same. Our model did not take into account the psychological and economic impact to the country and the larger healthcare system, which are serious factors to consider when making a policy decision on the appropriate response across the healthcare system. Singapore, Hong Kong, and China were among the settings most severely affected by the SARS outbreak in 2003. In the initial face of an unknown virus with a perceived high mortality rate in Mexico, Singapore’s response to fi rst err \non the side of safety and make adjustments dynamically as the situation became clearer therefore would be reasonable when viewed from the larger perspective.\nSuch actions, however, were not without their own ad-\nverse effects in terms of cost and in overall patient care at the healthcare institution. We had the opportunity to per-form a cost-effectiveness analysis using the actual costs incurred from this heightened infection control response. We have quanti fi ed how the virulence or case-fatality rate \nof a respiratory viral infection has a serious impact on the hospital infection control response. This impact occurs at 2 levels, fi rst, the actual number of deaths and ill persons, and \nsecond, the direct and indirect costs on the hospital in terms of activation, logistics, and lost revenue. This impact is re-fl ected in the subsequent responses of Singapore and other \ncountries when the virulence of the novel in fl uenza virus \nappeared to be much less than previously feared. Under-standing the key factors that affect the cost-effectiveness ratio will enable us to make better informed decisions as we prepare to respond to future epidemics.\nAcknowledgment\nWe thank the National University Health System Medical \nPublications Support Unit, Singapore, for assistance in the prepa-ration of this manuscript.\nDr Dan is assistant professor at the Department of Medicine, \nYong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singa-pore, National University Health System. His research interests are healthcare modeling and cost-effectiveness analysis.\nReferences\n 1. World Health Organization. Epidemic and pandemic alert and re-\nsponse (EPR) [cited 2009 Aug 29]. Available from http://www.who.\nint/csr/don/2009_08_28/en/index.html\n Emerging Infectious Diseases • www.cdc.gov/eid • Vol. 15, No. 12, December 2009 1915 02468101214161820\n0.001 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.05 0.06 0.07 0.08 0.09 0.1Incremental cost/death averted, million $\nFigure 4. Sensitivity analysis for case-fatality rate (black line), \n% exposure reduction (red line), and secondary attack rate (blue line). Exponential graphs show poor cost-effectiveness at extremes of low case-fatality rate and low transmissibility (high % exposure reduction and low secondary attack rate). RESEARCH\n 2. Hsu LY , Lee CC, Green JA, Ang B, Paton NI, Lee L, et al. Severe \nacute respiratory syndrome (SARS) in Singapore: clinical features of index patient and initial contacts. Emerg Infect Dis. 2003;9:713–7.\n 3. Tambyah PA. Severe acute respiratory syndrome from the trenches, \nat a Singapore university hospital. Lancet Infect Dis. 2004;4:690–6. DOI: 10.1016/S1473-3099(04)01175-2\n 4. Leong HN, Chan KP, Oon LL, Koay ES, Ng LC, Lee MA, et al. \nClinical and laboratory fi ndings of SARS in Singapore. Ann Acad \nMed Singapore. 2006;35:332–9.\n 5. Singapore Ministry of Health. In fl uenza pandemic plan [cited \n2009 May 22]. Available from http://www.moh.gov.sg/mohcorp/uploadedFiles/News/Current_Issues/2007/Main%20Document%20Public%20_Jan09.pdf\n 6. Blumenfeld HL, Kilbourne ED, Louria DB, Rogers DE. Studies on \ninfl uenza in the pandemic of 1957–1958. I. An epidemiologic, clini-\ncal and serologic investigation of an intrahospital epidemic, with a note on vaccination ef fi cacy. J Clin Invest. 1959;38:199–212. DOI: \n10.1172/JCI103789\n 7. Serwint J. Pediatrician-dependent barriers in in fl uenza vaccine ad-\nministration. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 1993;12:956–8.\n 8. V oirin N, Barret B, Metzger MH, Vanhems P. Hospital-acquired \ninfl uenza: a synthesis using the Outbreak Reports and Intervention \nStudies of Nosocomial Infection (ORION) statement. J Hosp Infect. 2009;71:1–14. DOI: 10.1016/j.jhin.2008.08.013\n 9. Salgado CD, Farr BM, Hall KK, Hayden FG. In fl uenza in the acute \nhospital setting. Lancet Infect Dis. 2002;2:145–55. DOI: 10.1016/S1473-3099(02)00221-9\n10. Lipsitch M, Cohen T, Cooper B, Robins JM, Ma S, James L, \net al. Transmission dynamics and control of severe acute respi-ratory syndrome. Science. 2003;300:1966–70. DOI: 10.1126/science.1086616\n11. Vynnycky E, Trindall A, Mangtani P. Estimates of the reproduction \nnumbers of Spanish in fl uenza using morbidity data. Int J Epidemiol. \n2007;36:881–9. DOI: 10.1093/ije/dym071\n12. Seet RC, Lim EC, Oh VM, Ong BK, Goh KT, Fisher DA, et al. Read-\niness exercise to combat avian in fl uenza. QJM. 2009;102:133–7. \nDOI: 10.1093/qjmed/hcn159\n13. Novel Swine-Origin In fl uenza A (H1N1) Virus Investigation Team; \nDawood FS, Jain S, Finelli L, Shaw MW, Lindstrom S, Garten RJ, et al. Emergence of a novel swine-origin in fl uenza A (H1N1) virus in \nhumans. N Engl J Med. 2009;360:2605–15. 14. Mills CE, Robins JM, Lipsitch M. Transmissibility of 1918 pandem-\nic infl uenza. Nature. 2004;432:904–6. DOI: 10.1038/nature03063\n15. Stilianakis NI, Perelson AS, Hayden FG. Emergence of drug resis-\ntance during an in fl uenza epidemic: insights from a mathematical \nmodel. J Infect Dis. 1998;177:863–73.\n16. Tan CC. SARS in Singapore—key lessons from an epidemic. Ann \nAcad Med Singapore. 2006;35:345–9.\n17. Tan TT, Tan BH, Kurup A, Oon LL, Heng D, Thoe SY , et al. Atypi-\ncal SARS and Escherichia coli bacteremia. Emerg Infect Dis. \n2004;10:349–52.\n18. Sim K, Chua HC. The psychological impact of SARS: a matter \nof heart and mind. CMAJ. 2004;170:811–2. DOI: 10.1503/cmaj.1032003\n19. Centers for Diseases Control and Prevention. Interim guidance for \ninfection control for care of patients with con fi rmed or suspected \nnovel in fl uenza A (H1N1) virus infection in a healthcare setting \n[cited 2009 May 25]. Available from http://www.cdc.gov/h1n1 fl u/\nguidelines_infection_control.htm\n20. Schull MJ, Stukel TA, Vermeulen MJ, Guttmann A, Zwarenstein M. \nSurge capacity associated with restrictions on nonurgent hospital utilization and expected admissions during an in fl uenza pandemic: \nlessons from the Toronto severe acute respiratory syndrome out-break. Acad Emerg Med. 2006;13:1228–31. DOI: 10. 1111/j.1553-\n2712.2006.tb01653.x\n21. Vaillant L, La Ruche G, Taratola A, Barboza P; Epidemic Intelli-\ngence Team at InVS. Epidemiology of fatal cases associated with pandemic H1N1 2009. Euro Surveill 2009;14:1–3. \n22. Singapore Department of Statistics. Key annual indicators [cited \n2009 Aug 28]. Available from http://www.singstat.gov.sg/stats/keyind.html\n23. Lim EC, Seet RC, Lee KH, Wilder-Smith EP, Chuah BY , Ong BK. \nHeadaches and the N95 face-mask amongst healthcare providers. Acta Neurol Scand. 2006;113:199–202. DOI: 10. 1111/j.1600-0404\n.2005.00560.x\nAddress for correspondence: Paul A. Tambyah, Department of Medicine, \nYong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, National University Health System, 5 Lower Kent Ridge Rd, NUH Level 3, Singapore 119074; email: mdcpat@nus.edu.sg\n1916 Emerging Infectious Diseases • www.cdc.gov/eid • Vol. 15, No. 12, December 2009\n Highland areas where malaria transmission is unstable \nare targets for malaria elimination because transmission decreases to low levels during the dry season. In highland areas of Kipsamoite and Kapsisiywa, Kenya (population ≈7,400 persons), annual household indoor residual spray-\ning with a synthetic pyrethroid was performed starting in 2005, and artemether/lumefantrine was implemented as fi rst-line malaria treatment in October 2006. During April \n2007–March 2008, no microscopy-con fi rmed cases of ma-\nlaria occurred at the sites. In 4 assessments of asymptom-atic persons during May 2007–April 2008, a total of <0.3% of persons were positive for asexual Plasmodium falciparum \nby microscopy or PCR at any time, and none were positive by PCR at the last 2 sample collections. Our fi ndings show \nthat in such areas, interruption and eventual elimination of malaria transmission may be achievable with widespread annual indoor residual spraying of households and artemisi-nin combination therapy.\nWidespread implementation of malaria control inter-\nventions such as insecticide-treated bed nets (ITNs) \nand artemisinin combination therapy (ACT) have resulted in dramatic reductions of transmission in areas where this disease is endemic ( 1–3). For the fi rst time since the 1950s, \nthe World Health Organization and other organizations are promoting malaria eradication ( 4). In highland areas \n(>1,500 m above sea level) in Africa, malaria transmis-sion is unstable, with a low incidence of malaria during dry seasons ( 5). These areas may be ideal initial targets for at-\ntempting the interruption of malaria transmission. Also in these areas, the combination of ACT, which may decrease transmission by reducing gametocyte load in infected per-sons, and annual indoor residual spraying (IRS) with long-lasting insecticides, which can reduce indoor vector density for a prolonged period, could act synergistically to interrupt malaria transmission.\nWe have conducted malaria epidemiology studies in \nthe adjoining highland areas of Kipsamoite and Kapsisiywa, Nandi Hills District, Kenya, since 2003. Starting in 2005, the Ministry of Health of Kenya introduced new interven-tions to reduce malaria transmission and improve malaria treatment in these areas. Interventions introduced included IRS, distribution of ITNs to pregnant women and their chil-dren <5 years of age, and provision of artemether/lumefan-trine (co-artemether) as fi rst-line therapy for uncomplicated \nmalaria. The present study documents the changes in ma-laria transmission that occurred during the period of these interventions and provides evidence that malaria transmis-sion was interrupted during April 2007–March 2008.\nMethods\nStudy Site\nThe study was conducted in the adjacent highland areas \nof Kipsamoite (7 villages) and Kapsisiywa (9 villages) in the Nandi Hills District of Kenya. Study site characteristics have been described ( 6). Elevation ranges from 1,829 m to 2,132 \nm. In both areas, malaria transmission is unstable. A malaria epidemic occurred in Kipsamoite in 2002 ( 7). Historically, \nKapsisiywa has had more malaria cases than Kipsamoite, likely because its elevation is lower, a swamp surrounds it, and it has more areas where water is likely to pool ( 6).Possible Interruption of Malaria \nTransmission, Highland Kenya, \n2007–2008 \nChandy C. John, Melissa A. Riedesel, Ng’wena G. Magak, Kim A. Lindblade, David M. Menge, \nJames S. Hodges, John M. Vulule, and Willis Akhwale\n Emerging Infectious Diseases • www.cdc.gov/eid • Vol. 15, No. 12, December 2009 1917 Author af fi liations: University of Minnesota Medical School, Minne-\napolis, Minnesota, USA (C.C. John, M.A. Riedesel, D.M. Menge); Moi University School of Medicine, Eldoret, Kenya (N.G. Magak); Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA (K.A. Lindblade); University of Minnesota, Minneapolis (J.S. Hodg-es); Kenya Medical Research Institute, Kisian, Kenya (J.M. Vulule); and Ministry of Health, Nairobi, Kenya (W. Akhwale)\nDOI: 10.3201/eid1512.090627 RESEARCH\nStudy Population and Recruitment\nPersons living in these areas are predominantly Nandi, \na Kalenjin subtribe. Demographic analysis, malaria sur-veillance, and collection of weather and vector density information were performed in these areas as part of 2 related studies, a study of malaria early warning systems and a study of malaria transmission and immunity. Writ-ten informed consent for study participation was obtained from consenting heads of households in the area for de-mographic studies and from persons (or parents/guardians of persons <15 years of age) for other studies. Ethical ap-proval for the study was obtained from the Kenya Medical Research Institute National Ethical Review Committee and the Institutional Review Boards for Human Studies at Case Western Reserve University, the Centers for Disease Con-trol and Prevention, and the University of Minnesota.\nDemography and Surveillance for Clinical \nMalaria and Asymptomatic Persons\nDemographic surveys of all households were started \nin April 2003 and conducted every 4 to 6 months. Start-ing in 2005, these surveys included assessments of travel, ITN use, and IRS treatment of houses. Clinical malaria surveillance was conducted during 2003–2008 Kenyan Ministry of Health dispensaries, the only healthcare fa-cilities within the study area. Free malaria diagnosis and treatment were available to all persons with symptoms of malaria. Persons with symptoms of malaria (fever, chills, severe malaise, headache) who did not have a clear al-ternative diagnosis by history and physical examination were assessed for malaria by microscopic examination of blood smears.\nClinical malaria was de fi ned as symptoms of malaria \nand a positive blood smear for Plasmodium falciparum or P. \nmalariae . Primary treatment for uncomplicated malaria was \ngiven according to Kenya Ministry of Health provisions for the clinics: sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine (2003–2004), amo-diaquine (2004–2006), and co-artemether (2006–2008). Because of changes in studies, forms, and clinic person-nel, clinical surveillance was not conducted in January and July–November 2006, in Kipsamoite; and July–December 2005, and January, March, and June–November 2006, in Kapsisiywa.\nFour surveys for parasitemia in asymptomatic persons \nwere conducted during 2007–2008. In May 2007, samples were collected from all consenting persons who were liv-ing on site during the time of collection (5,788 persons). In August 2007, samples were collected from 605 per-sons randomly selected from the overall population for active surveillance of malaria. Testing was repeated in samples from 577 and 538 of these persons in the cohort in November 2007 and April 2008, respectively. PCR was performed on 400 randomly selected samples from each period and on any sample that was parasite positive by \nmicroscopy.\nMicroscopy and PCR\nMicroscopy testing for Plasmodium species was per-\nformed as described ( 7) by using 2 independent readings \nand a third reading for slides with discordant results. For PCR testing, genomic DNA was isolated with a QIAamp 96 DNA blood kit (QIAGEN Inc., Valencia, CA, USA) from dried blood spots collected on Whatman 903 fi lter pa-\nper (Whatman Corporation, Florham Park, NJ, USA). P. \nfalciparum infection was detected by nested PCR speci fi c \nfor the small subunit RNA gene as described ( 8). In previ-\nous surveys in these areas, we documented low frequencies of P. malariae infection (<1%) and no P. vivax or P. ovale \ninfections ( 7,9) by microscopy and PCR. Thus, we did not \nfurther test for these infections.\nAssessment of Rainfall, Temperature, \nand Indoor Resting Vector Density\nDaily rainfall was measured with standard metal rain \ngauges, and daily minimum and maximum temperatures were recorded with maximum/minimum mercury ther-mometers placed in 7 villages in Kipsamoite. Values from the 7 villages were averaged.\nHousehold indoor resting density of Anopheles spp. \nwas measured in 4 cluster areas at each site; each cluster area comprised approximately equal numbers of persons. Three index households were randomly selected for each cluster, and the index house plus its 4 nearest neighbors were sampled. Sixty households in Kipsamoite and 60 households in Kapsisiywa were sampled every 2 weeks. Pyrethrum knockdown captures were conducted by using standard methods ( 10). Anopheles spp. mosquitoes were \nidenti fi ed taxonomically, fi rst in the fi eld by trained fi eld \nassistants and then by an entomologist from the Kenya Medical Research Institute.\nData Analysis\nAnnual malaria incidence, rainfall, temperature, and \nvector density during April 2003–March 2004, were used as baseline data and compared with data from subsequent years beginning in April 2004. Annual malaria incidence was compared by using negative binomial regression analysis, except for April 2007–March 2008, when it was compared by Fisher exact test because no cases occurred during that year. For years with missing months of inci-dence data, malaria incidence in the recorded months was compared with incidence in the same months in the refer-ence year (April 2003–March 2004). For periods when no cases were detected, a 1-sided 95% con fi dence interval was \nconstructed. Mean daily temperature and mean monthly rainfall were compared by using the 2-sample t test. Me-\n1918 Emerging Infectious Diseases • www.cdc.gov/eid • Vol. 15, No. 12, December 2009 Possible Interruption of Malaria Transmission\ndian monthly vector density was compared by using the \nWilcoxon rank-sum test. All data analysis was conducted by using Stata version 10.0 software (Stata Corp., College Station, TX, USA).\nResults\nIRS, ITNs, and Malaria Treatment with \nCo-artemether at Health Centers\nThe population ranged from 3,250 to 4,253 in Kipsam-\noite and from 3,412 to 3,841 in Kapsisiywa. The Ministry of Health fi rst conducted limited indoor residual spray-\ning in 2005. The number of households sprayed increased markedly in 2007 (Table 1). The primary insecticide used in both sites was lambda cyhalothrin at a dose of 10–20 mg/m\n2.\nITNs were distributed per Ministry of Health policy to \npregnant women and their children <5 years of age when the women came to the health centers for antenatal care. A copayment was required in most instances. Short-lasting nets treated with α-cypermethrin were provided during \n2005–2006, and long-lasting nets treated with deltamethrin or permethrin have been provided since 2006. Persons were asked, “Have you slept under a treated bednet regularly since the last demography survey?” During 2006–2008, the percentage of persons who reported sleeping under an ITN decreased from 17.3% to 11.1% in Kipsamoite and from 27.9% to 15.1% in Kapsisiywa.\nCo-artemether became of fi cial fi rst-line treatment for \nuncomplicated malaria by Kenyan Ministry of Health pol-icy in May 2004, but it was not implemented in these sites until October 23, 2006 (Kapsisiwya) and February 6, 2007 (Kipsamoite). Co-artemether was also not widely available in local shops or neighboring clinics before these dates.Malaria and Symptoms Consistent \nwith Malaria, 2003–2008\nWhen compared with the April 2003–March 2004 \nreference year, malaria incidence in Kipsamoite increased in 2004, returned to 2003 levels in 2005, and decreased in 2006 (Table 2, Figure 1, panel A). In contrast, malaria in-cidence decreased slightly in Kapsisiywa in 2004 and then decreased in 2005 and 2006 (Table 2, Figure 1, panel B). Malaria incidence in Kapsisiywa was higher than in Kip-samoite in 2003 (p<0.001) and 2004 (p = 0.06), but not in any other year. At both sites during March 20, 2007–March 30, 2008, microscopically con fi rmed cases of malaria were \nfound among symptomatic persons (Table 2, Figure 1, pan-els A and B).\nOverall clinic attendance, although seasonal and vari-\nable, did not decrease during 2007–2008 at either site (Fig-ure 1, panels C and D). During March 20, 2007–March 30, 2008, when 0 of 416 symptomatic persons had evidence of P. falciparum parasitemia by microscopy (0%, 1-sided \n95% con fi dence interval 0%–0.9%), 17 (7.3%) of 231 \nsymptomatic persons who provided blood samples for PCR testing were positive for P. falciparum . All PCR-positive \nsamples were obtained during March–June, 2007, except \n Emerging Infectious Diseases • www.cdc.gov/eid • Vol. 15, No. 12, December 2009 1919 Table 1. Indoor residual spraying of households in Kipsamoite \nand Kapsisiywa, Kenya, 2005–2007 \nYear, area Months of spraying No. households \nsprayed/total (%) \n2005\n Kipsamoite Apr–May 37/770 (4.8) \n Kapsisiywa Apr–Jun 374/713 (52.5) \n2006\n Kipsamoite Feb–May 119/786 (15.1) \n Kapsisiywa Feb–May 327/716 (45.70 \n2007\n Kipsamoite Apr–Jul 545/773 (70.5) \n Kapsisiywa Apr–Jun 656/690 (95.1) \nTable 2. Annual cumulative incidence of Plasmodium falciparum malaria in Kipsamoite and Kapsisiwya, Kenya, April 2003–March \n2008*†\nKipsamoite Kapsisiywa \nYear Cumulative\nincidenceIncidence ratio\n(95% CI) p value Cumulative\nincidenceIncidence ratio \n(95% CI)† p value \n2003 Apr–2004 Mar 23.20 Ref Ref 106.03 Ref Ref\n2004 Apr–2005 Mar 42.53 1.83 (1.36–2.47) <0.001 82.58 0.78 (0.66–0.91) 0.002\n2005 Apr–2006 Mar 18.79‡ 0.81 (0.57–1.16)§ 0.229 8.03¶ 0.10 (0.07–0.15)# <0.001\n2006 Apr–2007 Mar 9.30** 0.47 (0.30–0.71)†† <0.001 8.99‡‡ 0.19 (0.12–0.27)§§ <0.001\n2007 Apr–2008 Mar 0.00 0.00 <0.001 0.00 0.00 <0.001\n*CI, confidence interval; Ref, reference. \n†Annual cumulative incidence/1,000 persons was compared by using negative binomial regression, except for 2007–2008, which was compared by using \nFisher exact test. ‡Available data were for all months except January 2006. §Compared with same months in 2003–2004 (incidence 23.20/1,000). \n¶Available data were for April–June 2005 and February 2006. \n#Compared with same months in 2003–2004 (incidence 79.41/1,000). **Available data were for April–June 2006 and December 2006–March 2007. ††Compared with same months in 2003–2004 (incidence 19.99/1,000). ‡‡Available data were for April–May 2006 and December 2006–March 2007. §§Compared with same months in 2003–2004 (incidence 48.19/1,000). RESEARCH\nfor 2 samples, which were obtained in December 2007. In \nsymptomatic persons, gametocyte prevalence, assessed by microscopy, was low in all years (2.8%, 2.9%, 0.8%, 0.8%, and 0% in Kipsamoite and 0.4%, 1%, 0%, 0%, and 0% in Kapsisiywa during 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, and 2007, re-spectively).\nAsexual Parasitemia and Gametocytemia \nin Asymptomatic Persons, 2007–2008\nIn 4 surveys of asymptomatic persons during 2007–\n2008, a total of <0.3% were positive for P. falciparum tro-\nphozoites or gametocytes by microscopy during any period. In the last 2 periods, no person was positive for asexual P. \nfalciparum by PCR (Table 3). The person positive for P. \nfalciparum trophozoites by microscopy in April 2008 was \nalso positive for gametocytes. PCR showed that this person did not have an asexual P. falciparum infection.Changes in Rainfall, Temperature, and \nVector Density, 2003–2008\nDuring 2003–2008, no consistent pattern of increased \nor decreased temperature was shown, and the average daily temperature during 2007–2008, the year in which no malar-ia cases were documented by microscopy, was most similar to that in 2003, the year of highest malaria incidence (Figure 2, panel A, Table 4). Average monthly rainfall did not dif-fer between years (Figure 2, panel B, Table 4). A decrease in anopheline mosquito density was seen in 2004, before any widespread IRS treatment program, but sustained low levels of mosquito density were fi rst seen after IRS treat-\nments (Figure 2, panel C; Table 5). Of 447 anopheline mos-quitoes caught over this 5-year period, 439 (98.21%) were identi fi ed as An. gambiae , 6 (1.34%) were identi fi ed as An. \nfunestus , and 2 (0.45%) were not identi fi ed.\n1920 Emerging Infectious Diseases • www.cdc.gov/eid • Vol. 15, No. 12, December 2009\nFigure 1. Malaria incidence and number of patients seen at health dispensaries in 2 highland areas of western Kenya, April 2003 –March \n2008. A) Monthly incidence of malaria/1,000 persons in Kipsamoite. B) Monthly incidence of malaria/1,000 persons in Kapsisiywa. C) No. \npatients who came to the Kipsamoite health dispensary. D) No. patients who came to the Kapsisiywa health dispensary. Gaps in pa nels \nA and B indicate that no data were collected during these periods. Arrows indicate when indoor residual spraying was conducted in the 2 \nareas. Possible Interruption of Malaria Transmission\nDiscussion\nImplementation of highly effective methods of de-\ncreasing malaria transmission, including ITNs, IRS, and ACT, has led to renewed discussion about global eradi-cation of malaria ( 4,11). A major goal in moving toward \neradicating malaria is interruption or elimination of local malaria transmission. The World Health Organization has stated that “elimination has been achieved when the ‘pre-vention of reintroduction’, without local transmission by mosquitoes, has been successful for three or more consecu-tive years” ( 12). Interruption of local transmission is the \nstep before elimination, in which it is documented that local transmission of malaria is absent in a previously malaria-endemic area for a speci fi c period. The present study pro-\nvides microscopy evidence of interruption of local malaria transmission in 2 adjacent highland areas of unstable trans-mission. Malaria could recur in these areas, and it is unclear precisely how much speci fi c factors (e.g., IRS, ACT, and \nchanges in rainfall and temperature) affected malaria trans-mission and incidence. Overall, however, data support the idea that in unstable transmission settings, combining regu-lar, widespread IRS campaigns and use of ACT as fi rst-line \nantimalarial treatment has the potential to interrupt local malaria transmission.\nIRS probably played a major role in reducing malaria \ntransmission in these areas for several reasons. First, sus-tained decreases in indoor resting Anopheles spp. mosquito \ndensity were seen after the IRS campaigns. Second, in both sites, malaria incidence decreased only after IRS was widely applied. In Kipsamoite, no large reduction in ma-laria incidence was seen until 2007, when spraying covered >70% of households. In Kapsisiywa, ≈50% of households \nwere sprayed in 2005 and 2006, and a large decrease in ma-laria incidence was observed in both years. In 2007, after >90% of households were sprayed, malaria transmission was interrupted for the subsequent year. Third, in contrast to IRS, 2 factors that could affect vector density and there-fore malaria incidence, rainfall and temperature, showed \nno clear relationship with either vector density or malaria incidence.\nA reduction in vector density was seen in both sites in \n2003 before the IRS campaigns. Potential reasons for this reduction include an unusual decrease in temperature dur-ing July–September 2003 (Figure 2). This decrease in tem-perature coincided with the fi rst decrease in vector density; \nanother possible reason for the decrease was pyrethrum spray catch testing of anopheline vectors conducted by our team, which started in April 2003. Although spraying with short-term insecticide does not usually affect vector density in areas of high transmission, spraying of approximately one sixth of all households every 2 weeks may have had an effect on the adult vector population, which led to a smaller breeding pool and lower overall vector density in this area of low transmission. The decrease in malaria incidence in Kipsamoite in 2005, after only 15% of households were sprayed, may in part re fl ect the effects of greater spraying \nin neighboring Kapsisiywa. The decrease may also re fl ect \nthe combined effect of partial coverage with ITNs and ad-ditional coverage by IRS. Reduction of incidence in Kip-samoite in 2005 was not caused by concentrated spraying in areas of malaria clustering ( 5) because spraying was near-\nly absent in these areas. Reductions in malaria incidence were seen in Kapsisiywa in 2005–2006 after spraying of 40%–50% of households, but the small peak in incidence seen subsequently in these 2 years, but not 2007 (Figure 1), suggests that for interruption, a higher percentage of house-holds (>70%) must be sprayed.\nTreatment of malaria patients with co-artemether re-\nduces gametocyte carriage and density in children and makes them less infectious to mosquitoes than treatment with sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine plus chloroquine ( 13). \nThe effect of co-artemether on gametocytes may have been synergistic with the effect of widespread IRS on the Anopheles spp. vector in reducing malaria transmission. In \n Emerging Infectious Diseases • www.cdc.gov/eid • Vol. 15, No. 12, December 2009 1921 Table 3. Prevalence of Plasmodium falciparum parasitemia by microscopy and PCR in asymptomatic persons in Kipsamoite and \nKapsisiywa, Kenya, May 2007–April 2008 \nCharacteristic 2007 May 2007 Aug 2007 Nov 2008 Apr\nMicroscopy \n No. P. falciparum positive 14* 0 0 1\n No. tested 5,788 605 577 538\n % P. falciparum positive 0.24 0 0 0.19\nGametocytes \n No. positive 5† 0 0 1\n No. tested 5,788 605 577 538\n % positive 0.09 0 0 0.19\nPCR\n No. P. falciparum positive 1 1 0 0\n No. tested 414 400 400 401\n%P. falciparum positive 0.24 0.25 0 0\n*Twelve persons who tested positive by microscopy were from Kipsamoite and 2 were from Kapsisiywa. \n†Four persons who tested positive by gametocyte were from Kipsamoite and 1 was from Kapsisiywa. RESEARCH\nsymptomatic persons, gametocyte prevalence was always \nlow, and it decreased before introduction of co-artemether, but it did not decrease to undetectable levels in Kipsamoite \nuntil after introduction of co-artemether. Among asymp-tomatic persons, studies during 1999–2002 generally dem-onstrated higher gametocyte prevalence (0%–5.7%) ( 7). \nLower prevalence among asymptomatic persons in the cur-rent study (0%–0.2% during May 2007–April 2008) could refl ect effects of co-artemether on gametocyte prevalence \nafter introduction of co-artemether in late 2006–early 2007, but without interim data from 2002–2006, an association cannot be clearly demonstrated. As with IRS, however, ab-sence of microscopy-positive malaria cases occurred only after introduction of co-artemether. Because co-artemether was fi rst used during a time of low transmission of malaria, \nthe contribution of ACT to the absence of malaria incidence could not be quanti fi ed in the present study. However, a \nmuch larger study in South Africa in which IRS treatment and ACT treatment of persons with clinical malaria were introduced sequentially demonstrated an additional reduc-tion of malaria incidence after introduction of ACT ( 14) \nand this supports the idea of synergy between these 2 in-terventions.\nAlthough ITNs are the preferred intervention for pre-\nventing malaria-related illness and death in areas of high transmission ( 1,15,16), ITNs probably did not play a major \nrole in interrupting malaria transmission in the highland ar-eas we studied. ITN coverage never exceeded 30% in either area, and use actually decreased over the study period. In areas of unstable transmission, IRS treatment once a year is likely to be easier, more effective, and more accepted than ITNs. The Roll Back Malaria program currently rec-ommends IRS as the preferred method of reducing malaria in areas of low transmission ( 17); our study supports this \nrecommendation.\nInsecticide treatment using IRS is not without prob-\nlems; chief among them is potential development of resis-tance to the insecticide. Lambda-cyhalothrin, the insecti-cide used for IRS in these areas by the Kenyan Ministry of Health, was used in Mozambique for IRS starting in 1993, but resistance developed to such an extent that lambda cy-halothrin was replaced by bendiocarb in 2000. By 2006, however, lambda cyhalothrin resistance had decreased in many areas ( 18). In a recent study in nearby areas of west-\nern Kenya, no phenotypic resistance to pyrethroid insecti-cides was seen, but 27% of anophelines carried the knock-down resistance ( kdr) mutation associated with increased \nresistance to pyrethroids ( 19). Assessment for insecticide \nresistance in the highland areas of the present study will enable better policy decisions to be made about continued use of lambda cyhalothrin, use of alternatives such as ben-diocarb or DDT, or cycling of insecticides when certain re-sistance thresholds are reached for a particular insecticide. P. falciparum resistance to sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine \nwas present in 27% of infections in western Kenya as early \n1922 Emerging Infectious Diseases • www.cdc.gov/eid • Vol. 15, No. 12, December 2009\nFigure 2. Temperature, rainfall, and vector density in 2 highland \nareas of western Kenya, April 2003–May 2008. A) Average daily temperature (°C) in Kipsamoite. B) Monthly rainfall (mm) in Kipsamoite. C) Median biweekly vector density (no. Anopheles spp. \nmosquitoes/household) in Kapsisiywa (red line) and Kipsamoite (black line). Gaps in panels indicate that no data were collected during these periods. Arrows indicate times when indoor residual spraying was conducted. Possible Interruption of Malaria Transmission\nas 1999 ( 20). Resistance to co-artemether has not yet been \ndocumented in Kenya, but development of resistance to components of artemether/lumefantrine in nearby popula-tions with higher levels of transmission would also pose a threat to this highland population. Monitoring of drug resis-tance to ACT in all areas in which malaria is endemic will be critical for sustaining reduction of malaria incidence in sub-Saharan Africa.\nLimitations of our study include missing monthly ma-\nlaria incidence data among symptomatic persons during 2005–2006, the observational nature of the study, and the possibility that lack of parasitemia by microscopy and PCR in symptomatic and asymptomatic persons was caused by seasonal variation common in highland areas ( 21) and not \nby interruption of local transmission. However, 3 pieces of evidence from studies of asymptomatic and symptomatic persons support interruption of local transmission rather than seasonal variation. First, no parasitemia was seen in 2 successive microscopy and PCR surveys of asymptom-atic persons, whereas in 5 earlier surveys of asymptomatic persons in Kipsamoite, the area of lower transmission, the frequency of infected persons was never zero (range 5.9%–14.5% by PCR) ( 7). Second, over 7 years of clinic surveil-\nlance of symptomatic persons in Kipsamoite and 5 years in Kapsisiywa, there was never a >4-month period in which there were no microscopy-positive cases of P. falciparum \nbefore March 2007. Thus, even with seasonal variation, a year with no microscopy-positive cases in these areas is unprecedented. Third, absence of gametocytemia by mi-croscopy was documented among asymptomatic persons in 2 of 4 assessments and among symptomatic persons for a year (April 2007–March 2008), which suggested that the potential for local transmission was low or absent.Because reverse transcription–PCR methods for de-\ntection of gametocytes have documented higher rates of gametocyte infection than microscopy ( 22,23), we are de-\nveloping this testing method in our laboratory to con fi rm \nthe absence of gametocytemia in the most recent samples from study participants. The presence of asexual P. falci-\nparum infection by PCR in 15 symptomatic persons during \nApril–June 2007 could re fl ect prolonged detection by this \nmore sensitive method. The presence of only 2 PCR-pos-itive cases in a 9-month period (July 2007–March 2008) suggests that malaria transmission was either interrupted, if these cases were caused by patients’ travel, or reduced to almost undetectable levels.\nSustained elimination of local malaria transmission in \nthese areas will require ongoing surveillance of malaria in-cidence, anopheline vector density, and anopheline insec-ticide resistance, and correctly timed IRS campaigns with broad coverage of the area ( 24). The longer populations \nat these sites are unexposed to malaria, the more suscep-tible they are to malaria epidemics, which could occur if an increase in vector density occurs in conjunction with the arrival of infected persons or mosquitoes from an area of higher transmission of malaria. Because travel is increas-ingly frequent, true elimination of malaria in this and other highland areas will require reduction and eventual elimina-tion of malaria in surrounding areas. Co-artemether must be consistently available to treat any infected and symptomatic travelers or immigrants to the area. Finally, as malaria cas-es decrease, microscopists will need to receive training to remain pro fi cient in detection of malaria in blood smears.\nIn summary, this study demonstrates pronounced re-\nduction and possible interruption of malaria transmission in 2 highland areas of Kenya for a 1-year period and pro-\n Emerging Infectious Diseases • www.cdc.gov/eid • Vol. 15, No. 12, December 2009 1923 Table 4. Average monthly rainfall and average daily temperature for Kipsamoite, Kenya, April 2003–March 2008* \nYear Mean (SD) monthly total rainfall, mm† p value Mean (SD) daily temperature, °C† p value \n2003 Apr–2004 Mar 132.8 (83.6) Ref 18.5 (0.9) Ref\n2004 Apr–2005 Mar 101.4 (48.9) 0.274 18.7 (0.6) 0.510\n2005 Apr–2006 Mar 119.2 (97.6) 0.717 18.8 (0.6) 0.346\n2006 Apr–2007 Mar 130.5 (76.7) 0.957 17.8 (0.6) 0.039\n2007 Apr–2008 Mar 105.2 (81.6) 0.422 18.8 (0.6) 0.352\n*Ref, reference. \n†Means were compared by using the 2-sample t test. \nTable 5. Median monthly Anopheles spp. mosquitoes per household in Kipsamoite and Kapsisiwya, Kenya, April 2003–March 2008* \nKipsamoite Kapsisiywa \nYear Median monthly Anopheles spp. \nmosquito density (IQR)† p value Median monthly Anopheles spp. \nmosquito density (IQR)† p value \n2003 Apr–2004 Mar 0.079 (0.100) Ref 0.091 (0.112) Ref\n2004 Apr–2005 Mar 0.014 (0.033) 0.003 0.023 (0.031) 0.005\n2005 Apr–2006 Mar 0.000 (0.007) <0.001 0.009 (0.012) <0.001\n2006 Apr–2007 Mar 0.000 (0.004) <0.001 0.006 (0.018) 0.002\n2007 Apr–2008 Mar 0.000 (0.000) <0.001 0.000 (0.000) 0.002\n*IQR, interquartile range (difference between 75th and 25th percentile values); ref, reference. \n†Median vector density was compared by using the Wilcoxon rank-sum test. RESEARCH\nvides evidence that interruption of transmission was related \nto widespread annual IRS insecticide treatment and use of ACT as fi rst-line treatment for uncomplicated malaria. Al-\nthough both areas remain at risk for recurrence of malaria epidemics, our study provides evidence that interruption and eventual elimination of malaria in areas of unstable transmission may be achievable.\nAcknowledgments\nWe thank the fi eld assistants, clinical of fi cers, and micros-\ncopists on site for their assistance; Joseph Okweso and Jack-son Abuya for fi eld and microscopy supervision; and Lawrence \nSlutsker for insightful comments on the manuscript. This study was published with the permission of the director, Kenya Medical Research Institute.\nThis study was supported by a National Institute of Allergy \nand Infectious Diseases (NIAID) opportunity pool grant and by NIAID grants K08 AI01572 and U01 AI056270.\nDr John is director of the Center for Global Pediatrics at the \nUniversity of Minnesota Medical School. His research focuses on how changes in malaria transmission affect clinical and biologic immunity to malaria.\nReferences\n 1. Bhattarai A, Ali AS, Kachur SP, Martensson A, Abbas AK, Khatib \nR, et al. Impact of artemisinin-based combination therapy and in-secticide-treated nets on malaria burden in Zanzibar. PLoS Med. 2007;4:e309. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pmed.0040309\n 2. Lindblade KA, Eisele TP, Gimnig JE, Alaii JA, Odhiambo F, ter \nKuile FO, et al. Sustainability of reductions in malaria transmission and infant mortality in western Kenya with use of insecticide-treated bednets: 4 to 6 years of follow-up. JAMA. 2004;291:2571–80. DOI: 10.1001/jama.291.21.2571\n 3. Okiro EA, Hay SI, Gikandi PW, Sharif SK, Noor AM, Peshu N, et al. \nThe decline in paediatric malaria admissions on the coast of Kenya. Malar J. 2007;6:151. DOI: 10.1186/1475-2875-6-151\n 4. Greenwood BM, Fidock DA, Kyle DE, Kappe SH, Alonso PL, Col-\nlins FH, et al. Malaria: progress, perils, and prospects for eradica-tion. J Clin Invest. 2008;118:1266–76. DOI: 10.1172/JCI33996\n 5. Ernst KC, Adoka SO, Kowuor DO, Wilson ML, John CC. Malaria \nhotspot areas in a highland Kenya site are consistent in epidemic \nand non-epidemic years and are associated with ecological factors. Malar J. 2006;5:78. DOI: 10.1186/1475-2875-5-78\n 6. Cohen JM, Ernst KC, Lindblade KA, Vulule JM, John CC, Wilson \nML. Topography-derived wetness indices are associated with house-\nhold-level malaria risk in two communities in the western Kenyan \nhighlands. Malar J. 2008;7:40. DOI: 10.1186/1475-2875-7-40\n 7. John CC, McHugh MM, Moormann AM, Sumba PO, Ofulla A V . \nLow prevalence of Plasmodium falciparum infection among asymp-\ntomatic individuals in a highland area of Kenya. Trans R Soc Trop \nMed Hyg. 2005;99:780–6.\n 8. Snounou G, Viriyakosol S, Jarra W, Thaithong S, Brown KN. Iden-\ntifi cation of the four human malaria parasite species in fi eld samples \nby the polymerase chain reaction and detection of a high prevalence \nof mixed infections. Mol Biochem Parasitol. 1993;58:283–92. DOI: \n10.1016/0166-6851(93)90050-8 9. Menge DM, Ernst KC, Vulule JM, Zimmerman PA, Guo H, John \nCC. Microscopy underestimates the frequency of Plasmodium fal-\nciparum infection in symptomatic individuals in a low transmission \nhighland area. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2008;79:173–7.\n10. Service MW. Mosquito ecology: fi eld sampling methods. New York: \nJohn Wiley and Sons; 1976.\n11. Feachem R, Sabot O. A new global malaria eradication strategy. \nLancet. 2008;371:1633–5. DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(08)60424-9\n12. World Health Organization. World malaria report 2008. Geneva: \nThe Organization; 2008.\n13. Sutherland CJ, Ord R, Dunyo S, Jawara M, Drakeley CJ, Alexander \nN, et al. Reduction of malaria transmission to Anopheles mosquitoes \nwith a six-dose regimen of co-artemether. PLoS Med. 2005;2:e92. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pmed.0020092\n14. Barnes KI, Durrheim DN, Little F, Jackson A, Mehta U, Allen E, \net al. Effect of artemether-lumefantrine policy and improved vector control on malaria burden in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. PLoS Med. 2005;2:e330. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pmed.0020330\n15. Binka FN, Hodgson A, Adjuik M, Smith T. Mortality in a seven-\nand-a-half-year follow-up of a trial of insecticide-treated mosquito nets in Ghana. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg. 2002;96:597–9. DOI: 10.1016/S0035-9203(02)90321-4\n16. ter Kuile FO, Terlouw DJ, Phillips-Howard PA, Hawley WA, Fried-\nman JF, Kolczak MS, et al. Impact of permethrin-treated bed nets on malaria and all-cause morbidity in young children in an area of intense perennial malaria transmission in western Kenya: cross-sec-tional survey. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2003;68(Suppl):100–7.\n17. Partnership Roll Back Malaria. Global malaria action plan: Geneva: \nWorld Health Organization; 2008.\n18. Casimiro SL, Hemingway J, Sharp BL, Coleman M. Monitoring \nthe operational impact of insecticide usage for malaria control on Anopheles funestus from Mozambique. Malar J. 2007;6:142. DOI: \n10.1186/1475-2875-6-142\n19. Kamau L, Agai D, Matoke D, Wachira L, Gikandi G, Vulule JM. \nStatus of insecticide susceptibility in Anopheles gambiae sensu lato \nand Anopheles funestus mosquitoes from western Kenya. Journal of \nInsect Science. 2007;8:11.\n20. Terlouw DJ, Nahlen BL, Courval JM, Kariuki SK, Rosenberg \nOS, Oloo AJ, et al. Sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine in treatment of malaria in western Kenya: increasing resistance and underdosing. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2003;47:2929–32. DOI: 10.1128/AAC.47.9.2929-2932.2003\n21. Hay SI, Simba M, Busolo M, Noor AM, Guyatt HL, Ochola SA, \net al. De fi ning and detecting malaria epidemics in the highlands of \nwestern Kenya. Emerg Infect Dis. 2002;8:555–62.\n22. Maeno Y , Nakazawa S, Dao le D, Yamamoto N, Giang ND, Van \nHanh T, et al. A dried blood sample on fi lter paper is suitable for \ndetecting Plasmodium falciparum gametocytes by reverse transcrip-\ntion polymerase chain reaction. Acta Trop. 2008;107:121–7. DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2008.05.001\n23. Menegon M, Severini C, Sannella A, Paglia MG, Sangare D, Ab-\ndel-Wahab A, et al. Genotyping of Plasmodium falciparum game-\ntocytes by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. Mol Biochem Parasitol. 2000;111:153–61. DOI: 10.1016/S0166-6851(00)00314-5\n24. Cox J, Abeku T, Beard J, Turyeimuka J, Tumwesigye E, Okia \nM, et al. Detecting epidemic malaria, Uganda. Emerg Infect Dis. 2007;13:779–80. \nAddress for correspondence: Chandy C. John, Global Pediatrics Program, \nUniversity of Minnesota Medical School, 420 Delaware St SE, 850 Mayo, MMC-296, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; email: ccj@umn.edu\n1924 Emerging Infectious Diseases • www.cdc.gov/eid • Vol. 15, No. 12, December 2009 Community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylo-\ncoccus aureus (CA-MRSA) has become a major problem in \nUS hospitals already dealing with high levels of hospital-as-sociated MRSA (HA-MRSA). Using antimicrobial drug sus-ceptibility data for 1999–2006 from The Surveillance Net-work, we characterized the relationship between outpatient and inpatient levels of CA-MRSA nationally. In outpatients, the frequency of CA-MRSA isolates has increased >7× dur-ing 1999–2006, which suggests that outpatients have be-come a major reservoir for CA-MRSA. However, contrary to results in other reports, although CA-MRSA increases are associated with decreases in the frequency of HA-MRSA in hospitals, the decreases are only modest. This fi nding \nsuggests that instead of replacing HA-MRSA in the hospi-tal, CA-MRSA is adding to the overall presence of MRSA already found within the hospital population.\nThe past decade has seen a large increase in infections \nwith hospital-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylo-\ncoccus aureus (HA-MRSA) ( 1). MRSA is one of the most \ncommon causes of nosocomial infections, especially inva-sive bacterial infections ( 2), and is now endemic and even \nepidemic to many US hospitals, long-term care facilities ( 3), \nand communities ( 4–6). Although community-associated Community-associated Methicillin-\nResistant Staphylococcus aureus \nin Outpatients, United States, \n1999–2006 \nEili Klein, David L. Smith, and Ramanan Laxminarayan\n Emerging Infectious Diseases • www.cdc.gov/eid • Vol. 15, No. 12, December 2009 1925 Author af fi liations: Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, \nUSA (E. Klein, R. Laxminarayan); University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA (D.L. Smith); and Resources for the Future, Washing-ton, DC, USA (E. Klein, D.L. Smith, R. Laxminarayan)\nDOI: 10.3201/eid1512.081341CME ACTIVITY\nMedscapeCME is pleased to provide online continuing medical education (CME) for this journal article, allowing clinicians the o pportunity \nto earn CME credit. This activity has been planned and implemented in accordance with the Essential Areas and policies of the A ccreditation \nCouncil for Continuing Medical Education through the joint sponsorship of MedscapeCME and Emerging Infectious Diseases. Medscap eCME \nis accredited by the Accreditation Council for Continuing Medical Education (ACCME) to provide continuing medical education for physicians. \nMedscapeCME designates this educational activity for a maximum of 0.5 AMA PRA Category 1 Credits ™. Physicians should only claim credit \ncommensurate with the extent of their participation in the activity. All other clinicians completing this activity will be issu ed a certi fi cate of par-\nticipation. To participate in this journal CME activity: (1) review the learning objectives and author disclosures; (2) study t he education content; \n(3) take the post-test and/or complete the evaluation at http://www.medscape.com/cme/eid ; (4) view/print certi fi cate.\nLearning Objectives\nUpon completion of this activity, participants will be able to:\nSpecify characteristics of community-acquired methicillin-resistant • Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) compared with \nhospital-acquired MRSARecognize recent trends in MRSA among outpatients • \nIdentify anatomic sites most commonly associated with infection with MRSA resistant only to oxacillin • \nRecognize recent trends in MRSA among inpatients • \nEditor\nThomas Gryczan , Technical Writer-Editor, Emerging Infectious Diseases. Disclosure: Thomas Gryczan, has disclosed no relevant fi nancial \nrelationships.\nCME Author\nCharles P. Vega, MD , Associate Professor; Residency Director, Department of Family Medicine, University of California, Irvine, California, \nUSA. Disclosure: Charles P . Vega, MD, has disclosed no relevant fi nancial relationships.\nAuthors\nDisclosures: Eili Klein, MA; David L. Smith, PhD ; and Ramanan Laxminarayan, PhD, MPH, have disclosed no relevant fi nancial \nrelationships. RESEARCH\nMRSA (CA-MRSA) strains have been recognized as a lead-\ning cause of skin and soft tissue infections ( 1,6), especially in \npatients with no established healthcare risk factors ( 7,8), they \nalso cause severe invasive infections ( 9,10). Recent reports \nbased on genotypic evidence have suggested that CA-MRSA is likely spreading within hospitals as well, blurring the line between CA-MRSA and HA-MRSA infections ( 11).\nMolecular typing studies have identi fi ed 2 MRSA \nclones, USA300 and USA400, as the primary types that cause CA-MRSA infections ( 12). Evidence suggests that \nemergence of these strains was independent of hospital strains ( 13). Thus, understanding the role of outpatients, \nwho are among the likely carriers of CA-MRSA into a hospital, is useful for understanding the changing epide-miology of MRSA in hospitals. Outpatients, who outnum-ber inpatients by ≈3:1, may play a major role in the spread \nof CA-MRSA strains from the community to the hospital through their interaction with hospital staff or use of similar hospital resources, such as surgical rooms. However, lim-ited information hinders understanding of long-term trends in CA-MRSA in outpatients in the context of changing epi-demiology of inpatients. This lack of information hinders the ability to evaluate infection control methods in the face of a possible emerging epidemic of nosocomial infections caused by CA-MRSA.\nKnowledge of trends in antimicrobial drug resistance \nrates for emerging pathogens are useful to clinicians to en-sure high-quality care, which is essential for antimicrobial drug therapy, in which different drugs can have different costs and effectiveness. These trends can also help hospital administrators and policy makers make infection control investments to address the role that large in fl uxes of outpa-\ntients with CA-MRSA infections may play with regard to overall MRSA infection rates in the hospital.\nMethods\nTo analyze trends in frequency of CA-MRSA and HA-\nMRSA, we studied changes in the proportion of isolates of each type that were found in inpatient and outpatient settings from a nationally representative sample of US hospitals dur-ing 1999–2006. Although genotypic analysis is the most reli-able way of identifying MRSA strains, historical genotypic data on isolates are not available at the national level. An al-ternative approach is to ascertain strain type by using pheno-typic susceptibility pro fi les. S. aureus susceptibility pro fi les \nare determined by the staphylococcal cassette chromosome (SCC) types on which the methicillin resistance gene, mecA, \nis carried. Because CA-MRSA and HA-MRSA strains typi-cally have different SCC mec types, rules have been devel-\noped for determining the likely genetic makeup of an isolate on the basis of susceptibility results ( 11,14–16).\nPhenotypic susceptibility results were obtained from \nThe Surveillance Network (TSN) Database-USA (Focus Diagnostics, Herndon, VA, USA). TSN is an electronic repository of antimicrobial drug susceptibility data from a national network of >300 microbiology laboratories in the United States. Participating laboratories are geographically dispersed and make up a nationally representative sample based on patient population and number of beds. Patient isolates are tested on site as part of routine diagnostic test-ing for susceptibility to different antimicrobial agents by using standards established by the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute ( 17) and approved by the US Food and \nDrug Administration. Results are then fi ltered to remove \nrepeat isolates and identify microbiologically atypical re-sults for con fi rmation or veri fi cation before being included \nin the TSN database. Data from the database have been used extensively to evaluate antimicrobial drug resistance patterns and trends ( 1,18–22).\nGenotypic analysis of phenotypically de fi ned strains \nhas found that in general, isolates of the USA300 strain, the one most commonly associated with CA-MRSA infec-tions, are resistant to fewer antimicrobial drugs ( 14–16). \nNaimi et al. ( 15) tested genetically determined CA-MRSA \nisolates against several antimicrobial drugs and found that they were typically susceptible to cipro fl oxacin (79%) and \nclindamycin (83%). Similarly, King et al. ( 14) found that \n88% of CA-MRSA strains were resistant only to a β-lactam \nand erythromycin or a β-lactam only. Popovich et al. ( 16) \nalso found that susceptibility to a fl uoroquinolone had a \n90% positive predictive value for predicting a community-associated strain. Additionally, the number of antimicro-bial drugs to which an isolate was susceptible was a reliable predictor of the genotype ( 16).\nWe analyzed S. aureus isolates that were tested for \nsusceptibility to oxacillin (a proxy for all β-lactam anti-\nmicrobial drugs). Isolates classi fi ed as resistant according \nto Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute breakpoint criteria were considered MRSA (<0.01% had intermedi-ate resistance and were classi fi ed as susceptible). MRSA \nisolates, regardless of source (outpatient or inpatient), that were tested against cipro fl oxacin or clindamycin, and >3 \nother drugs and found to be resistant only to oxacillin were classi fi ed as CA-MRSA strains. Isolates resistant to oxa-\ncillin and >1 other drug were assumed to be HA-MRSA strains. Other drugs tested were gentamicin, tetracycline, sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim, and vancomycin.\nUsing this framework, we determined that the mean \nnumber of outpatient isolates analyzed annually was >50,000. Isolates were strati fi ed on the basis of source \n(blood, lungs, skin, and other organs). Con fi dence inter-\nvals (CIs) for TSN data were calculated by using the Wil-son score method incorporating continuity correction as detailed by Newcombe ( 23). Statistical analysis was per-\nformed by using Stata version 10 software (StataCorp LP, College Station, TX, USA).\n1926 Emerging Infectious Diseases • www.cdc.gov/eid • Vol. 15, No. 12, December 2009 CA-MRSA in Outpatients, United States, 1999–2006\nResults\nSusceptibility to clindamycin, cipro fl oxacin, gentami-\ncin, tetracycline, sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim, and van-comycin was used to infer genotypes of MRSA isolates during 1999–2006. During this period, there was a statisti-cally signi fi cant reduction (p<0.001) in the proportion of \nMRSA isolates in outpatient areas resistant to cipro fl oxa-\ncin (84% to 56%), clindamycin (67% to 30%), gentamicin (30% to 3%), and sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim (16% to 2%). Our phenotypic rule, which was based on suscepti-bility to all drugs, found qualitatively similar results, with the proportion of MRSA isolates resistant to >1 other drug decreasing from 87% to 46% during the period (Figure).\nFor outpatient data, the proportion of all S. aureus in-\nfections that were MRSA infections nearly doubled, from 26.8% (95% CI 26.3%–27.3%) to 52.4% (95% CI 52.0%–52.9%), over the study period. This increase was caused almost entirely by increases in isolates resistant only to oxacillin, which increased >7× from 3.6% (95% CI 3.5%–3.7%) to 28.2% (95% CI 28.0%–28.5%). The proportion of isolates resistant only to oxacillin increased for skin and soft tissue infections. However, increases were also observed in invasive blood and lung infections and other infections. Isolates resistant to >1 other drug increased ≈5% during \n1999–2001 from 23.2% (95% CI 23.0%–23.5%) to 28.2% (95% CI 28.0%–28.5%) before reaching a plateau. In 2005, the proportion of isolates resistant to oxacillin and 1 other drug then decreased back to almost the same percentage it started at. This pattern was driven by overall increases at all infection sites during 1999–2001 and later decreases at all collection sites except skin infections (Table).\nAmong inpatients, the proportion of S. aureus iso-\nlates that were MRSA increased 25% from 46.7% (95% CI 46.2%–47.2%) to 58.5% (95% CI 58.0%–58.9%). Again, the increase was driven primarily by increases in the rate of isolates resistant only to oxacillin, which increased >7× from 3.3% (95% CI 3.1%–3.4%) to 19.8% (95% CI 19.4%–20.1%). Similar to outpatient data, the frequency of skin and soft tissue infections increased for isolates resis-tant only to oxacillin, although increases in blood, lung, and other infections were also observed. For isolates resistant to >1 other drug, a slightly different pattern was observed than for the pattern of outpatient isolate resistance. Instead of a large increase, the proportion of MRSA isolates resistant to >1 drug remained the same ( ≈43%–44%) until 2003 be-\nfore decreasing >5% from 44.1% (95% CI 43.7%–44.5%) to 38.5% (95% CI 38.2%–38.9%) during 2003–2005. This decrease was largely caused by reductions in lung infec-tions, although decreases were also seen in blood and other infections. Also different was the increase in MRSA skin isolates resistant to multiple drugs. There was an increase from 1999, but the increase was less (only 3%–4%) and ap-peared to plateau at ≈12%–13%.Discussion\nWe found during 1999–2006 that the percentage of S. \naureus infections resistant to methicillin increased >90%, \nor ≈10% a year, in outpatients admitted to US hospitals. \nThis increase was caused almost entirely by CA-MRSA strains, which increased >33% annually. Increases in the proportion of HA-MRSA isolates among outpatients were more variable, increasing ≈10% per year during 1999–2001 \nbefore the increase slowed; the proportion then decreased over the second half of the study period. This reduction in the growth of HA-MRSA isolates corresponds to a steep increase in the frequency of CA-MRSA skin and soft tis-sue infections among outpatients over an extremely short period, mostly during 2003–2005.\nThe frequency of CA-MRSA among inpatients in-\ncreased nearly in conjunction with outpatient rates, over-all and at each infection site. However, increases in blood and lung infections increased more among inpatients than in outpatients, which likely re fl ected the more severe \nstatus and increased likelihood of open wounds in inpa-tients. During this same period, rates of HA-MRSA de-creased only ≈10%. Most of this decrease occurred during \n2003–2005 and was mainly the result of a decrease in the frequency of HA-MRSA lung infections. This decrease was more likely the result of changes in empirical antimi-crobial drug therapy for ventilator-associated pneumonia (24) than a consequence of any changes in the epidemiol-\nogy of MRSA.\nDespite increases in the proportion of CA-MRSA \nstrains among inpatients, the continuing high level of HA-\n Emerging Infectious Diseases • www.cdc.gov/eid • Vol. 15, No. 12, December 2009 1927 00.10.20.30.40.50.60.70.80.91\n1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006% ResistantCiprofloxacin\nClindamycin\nGentamicin\nSulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim\nMultiple drugs\nFigure. Resistance of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus \naureus isolates to clindamycin, cipro fl oxacin, gentamicin, and \nsulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim in outpatient areas of hospitals, United States, 1999–2006. Multiple drugs indicates isolates that were tested against cipro fl oxacin or clindamycin and >3 other \ndrugs and found to resistant only to oxacillin. The p values were calculated by using the χ\n2 test. Differences in all comparisons were \nsigni fi cant (p<0.001). RESEARCH\nMRSA suggests that in contrast to reports from local insti-\ntutions ( 11), CA-MRSA strains are adding to the problem \nof MRSA rather than replacing HA-MRSA strains. The fact that the frequency of HA-MRSA has decreased implies that some crowding out of HA-MRSA strains within the hospi-tal may be occurring. However, lack of a decrease suggests that within the hospital, HA-MRSA strains may be more fi t, and thus CA-MRSA strains are unable to replace them \nfully. The result is a coexistence of both strains in the hos-pital and maintenance of CA-MRSA because of the large infl ux of colonized and infected patients.\nThis fi nding is consistent with the biology of the 2 \nstrains, which suggests differential fi tness on the basis of \nthe size of SCC mec. In CA-MRSA strains, the predominant \nSCC mec elements are types IV and V, which are small-\ner than the SCC mec types typically found in HA-MRSA \nstrains. These smaller genetic elements may increase the fi tness of CA-MRSA strains outside hospital-related anti-\nmicrobial drug pressures, presumably by increasing mo-bility and growth potential ( 25). However, their increased \nsusceptibility to antibacterial agents in the hospital leaves them at a fi tness disadvantage. The result is that, although \nthe community has effectively become a reservoir for the CA-MRSA strains that are continually introduced into the hospital population, without genetic changes, they are un-likely to replace HA-MRSA strains in the hospital.\nThe large proportion of infections caused by CA-MR-\nSA strains in hospitals with high frequencies of HA-MRSA has implications for drug-prescribing patterns within hos-pitals. Because CA-MRSA strains are generally susceptible to more antimicrobial drugs, persons with these infections may be able to be treated with less expensive antimicrobial drugs with fewer adverse outcomes. Moreover, appropriate therapy can reduce the likelihood of emergence of other re-sistant pathogens, such as vancomycin-resistant enterococ-ci. Initial empiric therapy of infections with the suspected etiology of CA-MRSA must be tailored to antimicrobial drug susceptibility patterns within the local community and be based on ef fi cacy studies that suggest speci fi c effective-\nness targets.\nKaplan suggested that empiric therapy should be mod-\nifi ed if >10%–15% of CA-MRSA isolates become resistant \n1928 Emerging Infectious Diseases • www.cdc.gov/eid • Vol. 15, No. 12, December 2009Table. Frequency of MRSA in hospitals, by unit, United States, 1999–2006* \n% Patients (95% confidence interval) \nUnit 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006†\nOutpatient\n All MRSA 26.8\n(26.3–27.3) 29.4\n(29.0–29.9) 33.4\n(33.0–33.9) 35.7\n(35.3–36.2) 40.7\n(40.2–41.2) 47.7\n(47.3–48.1) 52.7\n(52.3–53.1) 52.4\n(52.0–52.9) \n HA-MRSA 23.2 \n(23.0–23.5) 25.1\n(24.9–25.4) 28.2\n(28.0–28.5) 28.4\n(28.2–28.7) 29.3\n(29.0–29.5) 28.4\n(28.2–28.7) 24.1\n(23.8–24.3) 24.2\n(24.0–24.5) \n Blood 2.7 2.8 4.0 3.7 3.1 2.8 2.1 1.9\n Lungs 4.7 5.3 6.5 5.5 5.4 4.2 3.5 2.9\n Skin 9.3 10.6 10.1 11.6 13.8 15.5 14.2 15.5\n Other source 6.4 6.5 7.6 7.7 7.0 6.0 4.2 4.0\n CA-MRSA 3.6 \n(3.5–3.7) 4.3\n(4.2–4.4) 5.2\n(5.1–5.4) 7.3\n(7.1–7.5) 11.4\n(11.3–11.6) 19.3\n(19.1–19.5) 28.7\n(28.4–28.9) 28.2\n(28.0–28.5) \n Blood 0.3 0.3 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.8 0.9 0.8\n Lungs 0.4 0.5 0.9 0.9 0.7 0.6 0.8 0.7\n Skin 2.3 3.0 2.9 4.8 9.0 16.6 25.3 25.4\n Other source 0.5 0.5 0.8 0.9 1.0 1.3 1.6 1.4\nInpatient\n All MRSA 46.7\n(46.2–47.2) 47.6\n(47.2–48.1) 50.0\n(49.6–50.4) 52.2\n(51.8–52.6) 54.9\n(54.6–55.3) 58.3\n(57.9–58.6) 59.5\n(59.2–59.9) 58.5\n(58.0–58.9) \n HA-MRSA 43.4 \n(43.0–43.9) 43.2\n(42.8–43.6) 44.1\n(43.7–44.5) 43.9\n(43.5–44.3) 44.1\n(43.7–44.5) 41.9\n(41.6–42.3) 38.5\n(38.2–38.9) 38.7\n(38.3–39.1) \n Blood 7.1 7.2 7.5 7.5 7.5 7.0 6.2 6.3\n Lungs 21.4 19.9 19.2 18.5 17.6 16.5 14.7 14.5\n Skin 9.3 10.5 11.4 12.0 12.9 13.1 13.0 13.1\n Other source 5.6 5.6 6.0 5.9 6.1 5.3 4.5 4.7\n CA-MRSA 3.3 \n(3.1–3.4) 4.5\n(4.3–4.6) 5.8\n(5.6–6.0) 8.4\n(8.2–8.6) 10.9\n(10.6–11.1) 16.3\n(16.1–16.6) 21.0\n(20.7–21.3) 19.8\n(19.4–20.1) \n Blood 0.6 0.7 1.0 1.2 1.2 1.7 2.1 2.0 Lungs 1.2 1.6 2.1 2.3 2.1 2.6 3.3 3.8\n Skin 1.1 1.7 2.1 4.0 6.6 10.9 14.4 12.8\n Other source 0.4 0.5 0.7 0.9 1.0 1.2 1.3 1.2\n*MRSA, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus ; HA-MRSA, hospital-associated MRSA; CA-MRSA, community-associated MRSA. \n†Data through October only. Data for blood, lungs, skin, and other source refer to the percentage of each source tested that wa s estimated to be CA-\nMRSA or HA-MRSA. CA-MRSA in Outpatients, United States, 1999–2006\nto a speci fi c empiric therapy ( 26). Conversely, it may be \nappropriate to reintroduce a speci fi c agent when suscepti-\nbility levels increase above a threshold. However, cycling strategies may not always be optimal ( 27), and no ef fi cacy \nstudies have been conducted to establish this target. In ad-dition, we urge caution in applying national results to the CA-MRSA antibiogram of a speci fi c area. Although results \nshowed an overall trend at the national level, speci fi c re-\nsults at individual testing centers tended to be more vari-able. Moreover, local health of fi cials and hospitals should \ncoordinate their efforts to identify susceptibility patterns at the community level, rather than at the hospital level, to optimize the gains from investments in infection control (28).\nThe results of our study should be interpreted with cau-\ntion because TSN provides information concerning only the site of isolate collection and not the infection. In addition, TSN only provides information on the collection location (i.e., outpatient or inpatient) and not case histories. Thus, some isolates may be dif fi cult to classify in situations such \nas when an isolate was collected in the emergency depart-ment and then the patient was admitted or the patient was discharged and then returned as an outpatient. However, the effect of these situations is likely to be small because most isolates are from patients who can be classi fi ed as in-\npatients or outpatients.\nA further limitation of the study is that although CA-\nMRSA isolate drug susceptibility patterns are technically genetically determined, the data enabled only phenotypic classi fi cation of isolates. In addition, as with any large \ntime-series database, changes in surveillance or bias in the types of infections cultured over time, such as more severe or unusual infections, could alter the results. These fi ndings \nsuggest that more complicated bacteriology could alter the results. However, no general trend in the number of isolates collected was seen at individual testing centers, and resis-tance results from the TSN database were comparable to results of other national studies ( 1). Furthermore, the strik-\ning increases over the study period suggest that the trends are likely robust to any bias.\nIn summary, we examined the frequency of CA-MR-\nSA and HA-MRSA in inpatient and outpatient settings. Our results indicate that outpatients may be a major reservoir of CA-MRSA, which will continue to enter hospitals, exac-erbating the problem of MRSA. However, although CA-MRSA isolates have undoubtedly spread within hospitals and are likely to continue to do so, without changes in the fi tness of different strains, CA-MRSA strains are unlikely \nto displace HA-MRSA strains within the hospital.\nOur fi ndings have implications for local and national \npolicies aimed at containing and preventing MRSA. More rapid diagnostic methods are urgently needed to better aid physicians in determining appropriate empiric therapy. \nStrategies for prevention of infection and treatment of pa-tients with CA-MRSA within healthcare settings should be coordinated primarily at the local level in accordance with local susceptibility pro fi les. Lastly, infection control poli-\ncies should take into account the role that outpatients likely play in the spread of MRSA and promote interventions that could prevent spread of MRSA from outpatient areas to in-patient areas.\nE.K. and R.L. were supported by a Pioneer Portfolio grant \nfrom the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation. D.L.S. received fi -\nnancial support from the Emerging Pathogens Institute, Univer-sity of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA.\nMr Klein is pursuing a PhD in ecology and evolutionary bi-\nology at Princeton University. His research interests include the ecology and epidemiology of resistance to antimicrobial drugs and policies to prevent the emergence and spread of drug resistance.\nReferences\n 1. Klein E, Smith DL, Laxminarayan R. Hospitalizations and deaths \ncaused by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus , United \nStates, 1999–2005. Emerg Infect Dis. 2007;13:1840–6.\n 2. Klevens RM, Morrison MA, Nadle J, Petit S, Gershman K, Ray S, \net al. Invasive methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections \nin the United States. JAMA. 2007;298:1763–71. DOI: 10.1001/jama.298.15.1763\n 3. Strausbaugh LJ, Crossley KB, Nurse BA, Thrupp LD. Antimicrobial \nresistance in long-term-care facilities. Infect Control Hosp Epide-miol. 1996;17:129–40. DOI: 10.1086/647257\n 4. Crum NF, Lee RU, Thornton SA, Stine OC, Wallace MR, Barrozo C, \net al. Fifteen-year study of the changing epidemiology of methicil-lin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus . Am J Med. 2006;119:943–51. \nDOI: 10.1016/j.amjmed.2006.01.004\n 5. Lowy FD. Staphylococcus aureus infections. N Engl J Med. \n1998;339:520–32. DOI: 10.1056/NEJM199808203390806\n 6. Moran GJ, Krishnadasan A, Gorwitz RJ, Fosheim GE, McDou-\ngal LK, Carey RB, et al. Methicillin-resistant S. aureus infec-\ntions among patients in the emergency department. N Engl J Med. 2006;355:666–74. DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa055356\n 7. Campbell KM, Vaughn AF, Russell KL, Smith B, Jimenez DL, Bar-\nrozo CP, et al. Risk factors for community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections in an outbreak of disease \namong military trainees in San Diego, California, in 2002. J Clin Mi-\ncrobiol. 2004;42:4050–3. DOI: 10.1128/JCM.42.9.4050-4053.2004\n 8. Herold BC, Immergluck LC, Maranan MC, Lauderdale DS, Gaskin \nRE, Boyle-Vavra S, et al. Community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in children with no identi fi ed predisposing \nrisk. JAMA. 1998;279:593–8. DOI: 10.1001/jama.279.8.593\n 9. Francis JS, Doherty MC, Lopatin U, Johnston CP, Sinha G, Ross T, \net al. Severe community-onset pneumonia in healthy adults caused by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus carrying the Panton-\nValentine leukocidin genes. Clin Infect Dis. 2005;40:100–7. DOI: \n10.1086/427148\n10. Miller LG, Perdreau-Remington F, Rieg G, Mehdi S, Perlroth J, \nBayer AS, et al. Necrotizing fasciitis caused by community-associ-ated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in Los Angeles. N \nEngl J Med. 2005;352:1445–53. DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa042683\n Emerging Infectious Diseases • www.cdc.gov/eid • Vol. 15, No. 12, December 2009 1929 RESEARCH\n11. Popovich KJ, Weinstein RA, Hota B. Are community-associated \nmethicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) strains re-\nplacing traditional nosocomial MRSA strains? Clin Infect Dis. 2008;46:787–94. DOI: 10.1086/528716\n12. McDougal LK, Steward CD, Killgore GE, Chaitram JM, McAllister \nSK, Tenover FC. Pulsed- fi eld gel electrophoresis typing of oxacillin-\nresistant Staphylococcus aureus isolates from the United States: es-\ntablishing a national database. J Clin Microbiol. 2003;41:5113–20. DOI: 10.1128/JCM.41.11.5113-5120.2003\n13. Fey PD, Said-Salim B, Rupp ME, Hinrichs SH, Boxrud DJ, Da-\nvis CC, et al. Comparative molecular analysis of community- or hospital-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. \nAntimicrob Agents Chemother. 2003;47:196–203. DOI: 10.1128/AAC.47.1.196-203.2003\n14. King MD, Humphrey BJ, Wang YF, Kourbatova EV , Ray SM, Blum-\nberg HM. Emergence of community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus USA 300 clone as the predominant cause of \nskin and soft-tissue infections. Ann Intern Med. 2006;144:309–17.\n15. Naimi TS, LeDell KH, Como-Sabetti K, Borchardt SM, Boxrud DJ, \nEtienne J, et al. Comparison of community-and health care-associ-ated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infection. JAMA. \n2003;290:2976–84. DOI: 10.1001/jama.290.22.2976\n16. Popovich K, Hota B, Rice T, Aroutcheva A, Weinstein RA. Pheno-\ntypic prediction rule for community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus? J Clin Microbiol. 2007;45:2293–5. DOI: \n10.1128/JCM.00044-07\n17. Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute. Performance standards \nfor antimicrobial susceptibility testing; Supplement M100–S14. Wayne (PA): The Institute; 2005.\n18. Flamm RK, Weaver MK, Thornsberry C, Jones ME, Karlowsky JA, \nSahm DF. Factors associated with relative rates of antibiotic resis-tance in Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates tested in clinical labora-\ntories in the United States from 1999 to 2002. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2004;48:2431–6. DOI: 10.1128/AAC.48.7.2431-2436.2004\n19. Jones ME, May fi eld DC, Thornsberry C, Karlowsky JA, Sahm DF, \nPeterson D. Prevalence of oxacillin resistance in Staphylococcus \naureus among inpatients and outpatients in the United States dur-\ning 2000. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2002;46:3104–5. DOI: 10.1128/AAC.46.9.3104-3105.200220. Karlowsky JA, Draghi DC, Jones ME, Thornsberry C, Friedland IR, \nSahm DF. Surveillance for antimicrobial susceptibility among clini-cal isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter bauman-\nnii from hospitalized patients in the United States, 1998 to 2001. \nAntimicrob Agents Chemother. 2003;47:1681–8. DOI: 10.1128/AAC.47.5.1681-1688.2003\n21. Sahm DF, Marsilio MK, Piazza G. Antimicrobial resistance in key \nbloodstream bacterial isolates: electronic surveillance with the sur-veillance network database–USA. Clin Infect Dis. 1999;29:259–63. DOI: 10.1086/520195\n22. Styers D, Sheehan DJ, Hogan P, Sahm DF. Laboratory-based surveil-\nlance of current antimicrobial resistance patterns and trends among Staphylococcus aureus : 2005 status in the United States. Ann Clin \nMicrobiol Antimicrob. 2006;5:2. DOI: 10.1186/1476-0711-5-2\n23. Newcombe RG. Two-sided con fi dence intervals for the single propor-\ntion: comparison of seven methods. Stat Med. 1998;17:857–72. DOI: 10.1002/(SICI)1097-0258(19980430)17:8<857::AID-SIM777>3.0.CO;2-E\n24. Chastre J, Wolff M, Fagon JY , Chevret S, Thomas F, Wermert D, \net al. Comparison of 8 vs 15 days of antibiotic therapy for venti-lator-associated pneumonia in adults: a randomized trial. JAMA. 2003;290:2588–98. DOI: 10.1001/jama.290.19.2588\n25. Lee SM, Ender M, Adhikari R, Smith JMB, Berger-Bachi B, Cook \nGM. Fitness cost of staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec in \nmethicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus by way of continuous \nculture. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2007;51:1497–9. DOI: 10.1128/AAC.01239-06\n26. Kaplan SL. Treatment of community-associated methicillin-\nresistant Staphylococcus aureus infections. Pediatr Infect Dis J. \n2005;24:457–8. DOI: 10.1097/01.inf.0000164162.00163.9d\n27. Bonhoeffer S, Lipsitch M, Levin BR. Evaluating treatment pro-\ntocols to prevent antibiotic resistance. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1997;94:12106–11. DOI: 10.1073/pnas.94.22.12106\n28. Smith DL, Levin SA, Laxminarayan R. Strategic interactions in \nmulti-institutional epidemics of antibiotic resistance. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2005;102:3153–8. DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0409523102\nAddress for correspondence: Ramanan Laxminarayan, Resources for the \nFuture, 1616 P St NW, Washington DC 20036, USA; email: ramanan@rff.org\n1930 Emerging Infectious Diseases • www.cdc.gov/eid • Vol. 15, No. 12, December 2009\n To evaluate risk factors for infection with highly patho-\ngenic avian in fl uenza A virus (H5N1) in backyard chickens in \nBangladesh, we conducted a matched case–control study. We enrolled 25 case farms (cases March–November 2007) and 75 control farms (June–November 2007). We used a questionnaire to collect farm data, which were analyzed by matched-pair analysis and multivariate conditional logistic regression. Factors independently associated were offer-ing slaughter remnants of purchased chickens to backyard chickens (odds ratio [OR] 13.29, 95% con fi dence interval \n[CI] 1.34–131.98, p = 0.027), having a nearby water body (OR 5.27, 95% CI 1.24–22.34, p = 0.024), and having con-tact with pigeons (OR 4.47, 95% CI 1.14–17.50, p = 0.032). Separating chickens and ducks at night was protective (OR 0.06, 95% CI 0.01–0.45, p = 0.006). Reducing these risks and taking protective measures might reduce the risk for infl uenza (H5N1) infection in backyard chickens.\nHighly pathogenic avian in fl uenza (HPAI) A virus \n(H5N1) is a deadly zoonotic pathogen; from 1997 \nthrough 2008, a total of 413 human cases were reported in 15 countries, and 256 persons died ( 1). By March 2008, the \nvirus had been identi fi ed in birds in 61 countries ( 2). The persistence of the virus in poultry over a wide geographic \narea strengthens the hypothesis that a mutant virus might evolve and initiate a human pandemic. To reduce this threat, every country should have a surveillance system for detecting the virus in poultry, including backyard fl ocks.\nWorldwide, poultry production has recently undergone \nrapid change, including the introduction of intensive pro-duction, new breeds, improved biosecurity, and preventive health measures. In developing countries, however, adop-tion of this type of production has been limited because of the costs of infrastructures to maintain biosecurity for birds, quality hybrid chicks, balanced feed, biologics, and quality veterinary care ( 3). Up to 80% of the poultry in Af-\nrica and Asia are kept in backyard-type systems ( 3,4), and \nthese birds represent a substantial economic resource for impoverished rural populations.\nIn Bangladesh, ≈89% of rural households have back-\nyard poultry ( 5), and many households keep chickens and \nducks on the same property ( 6). In the absence of fences \nor other barriers, backyard chickens roam freely from one property to another. Because backyard chickens are reared in such free-range systems, they are more vulnerable to the HPAI (H5N1) virus infection; and, if they become infect-ed, they can transmit the virus to domestic ducks, in which the virus can perpetuate ( 7–9) and infect more backyard \nchickens. This cycle of virus transmission between back-yard chickens and ducks would continue until intercepted. HPAI (H5N1) virus in backyard chickens also poses a seri-ous threat to public health because of the frequent and close contacts between poultry and humans. Little has been pub-lished about the risk factors associated with HPAI (H5N1) Risk for Infection with Highly \nPathogenic Avian In fl uenza Virus \n(H5N1) in Backyard Chickens, \nBangladesh\nParitosh K. Biswas, Jens P. Christensen, Syed S.U. Ahmed, Ashutosh Das, Mohammad H. Rahman, \nHimel Barua, Mohammad Giasuddin, Abu S.M.A. Hannan, Mohammad A. Habib, and Nitish C. Debnath\n Emerging Infectious Diseases • www.cdc.gov/eid • Vol. 15, No. 12, December 2009 1931 Author af fi liations: Chittagong Veterinary and Animal Sciences \nUniversity, Chittagong, Bangladesh (P.K. Biswas, S.S.U. Ahmed, A. Das, M.H. Rahman, H. Barua, N.C. Debnath); Copenhagen University, Copenhagen, Denmark (J.P. Christensen); Bangladesh Livestock Research Institute, Dhaka, Bangladesh (M. Giasuddin); and Department of Livestock Services, Dhaka (A.S.M.A. Hannan, M.A. Habib)\nDOI: 10.3201/eid1512.090643 RESEARCH\nvirus infection in backyard chickens in any parts of the \nworld, and to our knowledge, nothing has been published about the risk factors in Bangladesh. Because understand-ing the risk factors for the virus in backyard chickens and preventive measures might slow or prevent the spread of the virus, we conducted a case-control study to determine the risk factors for HPAI (H5N1) virus infection in back-yard chickens in Bangladesh.\nMaterials and Methods\nStudy Population and Case De fi nition\nBangladesh is composed of 4,500 unions (local gov-\nernment units that comprise several villages) and 90,500 villages ( 10). Of the total poultry population in the country \n(≈222 million birds), 50% are backyard poultry, predomi-\nnantly indigenous (nondescriptive) chickens and mostly reared in free-range systems on the homesteads in these villages ( 10). In Bangladesh, villagers sometime rear Fay-\noumi and Sonali (a cross-bred F1 generation of Fayoumi [female] and Rhode Island Red [male]) chickens in a semi-scavenging system ( 11–13) and occasionally in intensive \nsystems. All 25 HPAI outbreaks recorded in indigenous (n = 20 farms), Fayoumi (n = 2), and Sonali (n = 5) chick-ens in village areas in Bangladesh by November 17, 2007, were considered outbreaks in backyard chickens, and the farms were enrolled in our study as case backyard farms. By date of onset of clinical signs, the fi rst outbreak of HPAI \nin backyard chickens was recorded on March 22, 2007, the date on which Bangladesh was of fi cially declared HPAI \n(H5N1) virus infected. In 2007, the numbers of backyard farms infected were 1 farm in March, 3 in April, 7 in May, 7 in June, 2 in July, 1 in September, 3 in October, and 1 in November.\nA case backyard farm was de fi ned as one that had \na high chicken mortality rate and on which in fl uenza vi-\nrus A subtype H5 was detected from tracheal samples of 2 chickens by reverse transcription–PCR (RT-PCR) using a primer set hemagglutinin (HA) oligo 5 ′ (5′-\nACACATGCYCARGACATACT-3 ′) and HA oligo 3 ′ \n(5′-CTYTGRTTYAGTGTTGATGT-3 ′), as described by \nLee et al. ( 14). Testing was done at the National Refer-\nence Laboratory for Avian In fl uenza in Bangladesh. Case \nreporting of HPAI (H5N1) in chickens in Bangladesh and detailed laboratory diagnosis, including diagnostic recon-fi rmation from the Veterinary Laboratory Agency in the \nUnited Kingdom, has been described ( 15).\nFor each case farm, we selected and enrolled 3 control \nbackyard farms, each of which was within 1–10 km of a case farm. Each unaffected village in this zone of selec-tion was assigned a unique number, and 2 were randomly selected by lottery. One villager from each selected village was asked to give 10 names of the backyard farm own-ers in the village who had reared village chickens for >1 year. These 10 names with distinct numbers were used as the sample frame for the village. From the sample frame of the fi rst selected village, we randomly chose 2 backyard \nfarm owners who had adult chickens (>6 months of age) and chicks (<1 month of age) and whose chickens had not died during the clinical phase of HPAI on the case farm. Likewise, 1 backyard farm owner was selected from the sample of the second village. To fi nd control farms with \nSonali or Fayoumi chickens, the same (1–10 km) zone of selection was used, but the names of the farm owners were drawn from the local upazila (a lower administrative unit in Bangladesh) veterinary of fi ce and used as the sample from \nwhich to randomly select 3 farms. Because biologics were scarce, serologic testing to con fi rm the noninfected status \nof the control farms was not attempted.\nGlobal positioning system coordinates from the case \nand control farms were collected during farm visits and en-tered into a digitized map of Bangladesh. A geographic in-formation system program (Arc View 9.1; Environmental System Research Institute, Redlands, CA, USA) was used (Figure).\nData Collection and Survey Method\nA questionnaire designed for this study was pretested \nat 5 case farms. The questionnaire was then modi fi ed ac-\ncording to new variables encountered during pretesting. In the fi nal questionnaire, 59 variables were surveyed (spread-\nsheet available from P.K.B.). The questionnaire was then administered on the case and control farms by 2 veterinar-ians trained to administer questionnaires; they interviewed farm owners or, if owners were absent, any adult family members. Variables collected addressed geographic loca-tion, stock information, fl ock health history, and overall \nfarm management. All interviews were conducted in Ben-gali, the only spoken language in the study area, during June–November 2007.\nStatistical Analysis\nThe collected data were entered into a spread sheet \nprogram (Excel; Microsoft, Redmond, WA, USA) and transferred into Epi Info 2000 (Centers for Disease Con-trol and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA) for analysis. To estimate the strength and statistical signi fi cance of associa-\ntions between risk factors and HPAI (H5N1) virus infec-tion, we used the Mantel-Haenszel matched-pair analysis (McNemar) test. An association was considered signi fi cant \nif 2-sided tests of signi fi cance had a p value <0.05. To ex-\namine independence of effects, we conducted multivariate conditional logistic regression using the conditional logis-tic regression (CLogit) function in Stata 9.0 for Windows (Stata Corp., College Station, TX, USA). Any variables with p<0.2 after matched-pair analysis were included in \n1932 Emerging Infectious Diseases • www.cdc.gov/eid • Vol. 15, No. 12, December 2009 HPAI in Backyard Chickens, Bangladesh\nthe initial model. A backward stepwise variable–selection \nstrategy was used to construct a fi nal model with a signi fi -\ncance level of p<0.05.\nResults\nPopulation Statistics\nIndigenous, Fayoumi, and Sonali chickens were raised \non 20, 2, and 3 backyard farms, respectively. Median num-ber (and range) of indigenous chickens was 24 (3–88) on case farms and 14 (5–50) on control farms and of Fayoumi/Sonali chickens was 950 (125–1,970) on case farms and 2,200 (1,500–3,500) on control farms. Chickens of various ages (mean 35.7 weeks [range 3.5–130]) were raised on 10 of the case farms, but precise ages of chickens on 15 case farms were not provided by the owners; 6 said they had only adult chickens, and 9 said they had adult chickens and young chicks. Adult and young indigenous chickens were raised on the 60 control farms.\nMatched-Pair Analysis\nThe results of matched-pair analysis (Table 1) showed \nthat offering slaughter remnants of purchased chickens to backyard chickens (within 21 days of the onset clinical signs in case farms) had the strongest point estimate of ef-fect (matched odds ratio [OR] 22.1) and high statistical sig-nifi cance (p<0.001) despite wide 95% con fi dence intervals \n(CIs) of 2.7–177.7. Other factors positively associated with case farms were migratory birds around a farm (OR 7.5, 95% CI 1.5–38.7, p = 0.010), rodents on the farm (OR 5.8, 95% CI 2.0–16.8, p = 0.001), contact with pigeons (OR 5.5, 95% CI 1.9–16.0, p = 0.001), and a nearby body of water (OR 3.7, 95% CI 1.5–9.5, p = 0.004). Protective factors (OR <1) for case backyard farms were placing chickens and ducks in different shelters at night (OR 0.1, 95% CI 0.1–0.5, p = 0.001) and having a commercial farm within 0.5 km (OR 0.3, 95% CI 0.1–0.9, p = 0.028).\nMultivariate Analysis\nEight variables with p<0.2 were considered for inclu-\nsion in the conditional logistic regression model to estimate independence of effects (Table 2). The fi nal conditional lo-\ngistic regression model identi fi ed 3 variables as indepen-\ndent risk factors for HPAI (H5N1) infection of backyard chickens in Bangladesh (Table 3). They were 1) offering slaughter remnants of purchased chickens to backyard chickens (within 21 days of the clinical onset of the dis-ease) (OR 13.29, 95% CI 1.34–131.98), 2) having nearby body of water (OR 5.27, 95% CI 1.24–22.34), and 3) hav-ing contact with pigeons (OR 4.47, 95% CI 1.14–17.50) . \nThe fi nal model also identi fi ed a protective factor: placing \nchickens and ducks in different shelters at night (OR 0.06 95% CI 0.01–0.45).\nDiscussion\nWe used analytic epidemiologic techniques to un-\nveil the possible risk factors associated with in fl uenza \n(H5N1) infection for backyard chickens in Bangladesh so that effective risk management can be advocated. A few published reports quantify the risk factors for in fl uenza \n(H5N1) infections in commercial chickens ( 16,17), but to \nour knowledge, analytic epidemiologic reports quantifying risk factors for backyard chickens are few, if any. The re-sults of this study should contribute to the understanding of risk factors associated with in fl uenza (H5N1) infections in \nbackyard chickens in other developing countries, particu-larly in southern Asia.\nAlthough only 1 case of in fl uenza (H5N1) in a human \nhas been reported in Bangladesh, the country’s poultry sec-tor has been severely affected; by July 2009, a total of 325 outbreaks had been reported in chickens, 51 of which were in backyard chickens (www.mo fl .gov.bd/daily_bird fl u_re-\nport.pdf). Because of limited manpower, the country re-lies predominantly on passive surveillance to detect HPAI outbreaks in chickens. Thus, the possibility of unreported cases occurring in backyard chickens in some parts of the \n Emerging Infectious Diseases • www.cdc.gov/eid • Vol. 15, No. 12, December 2009 1933 \nFigure. Locations of 25 backyard farms where outbreaks of highly \npathogenic avian in fl uenza A virus (H5N1) infection occurred during \nMarch–November 2007 (red stars) and 75 control backyard farms (yellow circles), Bangladesh. RESEARCH\ncountry cannot be ruled out. These hidden and unreported \ninfections in backyard chickens can help perpetuate the virus, posing a serious challenge to eradication efforts. Strengthening active instead of passive surveillance and generating awareness at the rural level of risk factors for the HPAI (H5N1) virus infection in backyard chickens, and their management, might help reduce the virus load in poultry in the country.\nStalls with live poultry can be found at virtually every \nkitchen or village market in Bangladesh. At the local mar-kets, villagers can sell their poultry to local persons or to poultry vendors, who buy poultry in bulk to sell at larger city markets. When villagers fear a disease outbreak, they start selling apparently healthy and even clinically diseased chickens. Diseased chickens are cheaper, encouraging other villagers to buy them for meat. They purchase live chickens and slaughter them at home. They then offer the slaugh-ter remnants, inedible for humans, to their own backyard chickens, which scavenge and forage around the slaughter places. Such practice occurred at 8 (32%) case farms <21 days of the onset of the clinical signs (Table 1); this prac-tice appears to be strongest risk factor for HPAI (H5N1) infection in backyard chickens in Bangladesh.\nAnother risk factor was domestic ducks, which are \nconsidered a “Trojan horse” for the HPAI (H5N1) virus (7–9). Their main feed sources are vegetation, small fi sh, \namphibians, snails, oysters, and other crustaceans, found in and around water. The water bodies and their banks might become contaminated with the HPAI (H5N1) virus by vi-rus-shedding ducks that congregate at these places. Back-yard chickens might be exposed to the virus while sharing the same banks near the body of water, which could explain why a nearby body water appeared to be an independent risk factor.\nThe in fl uence of 2 kinds of bodies of water on the \nHPAI outbreaks in backyard chickens was assessed by in-\n1934 Emerging Infectious Diseases • www.cdc.gov/eid • Vol. 15, No. 12, December 2009Table 1. Matched-pair analysis of potential risk factors for highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (H5N1) in backyard chicken s,\nBangladesh, 2007 \nRisk factor Case farms \n(n = 25), no. (%) Control farms \n(n = 75), no. (%) Matched OR\n(95% CI)* p value \nFarm < 5 km from nearest veterinary hospital 15 (60.0) 41 (54.7) 1.3 (0.5–3.2) 0.636\nNearby (<0.1 km) body of water 16 (64.0) 23 (30.7) 3.7 (1.5– 9.5) 0.004\nFarm < 0.5 km from larger body of water 15 (60.0) 50 (66.7) 0.7 (0.3–1.9) 0.543\nCommercial farm within 0.5 km 9 (36.0) 44 (58.7) 0.3 (0.1–0.9) 0.028\nMigratory birds seen around farm 6 (24.0) 5 (6.7) 7.5 (1.5–38.7) 0.010\nLocal live bird market within <5-km radius 24 (96.0) 73 (97.3) 0.7 (0.1–7.4) 0.747\nFarm < 1 km from live bird market 17 (68.0) 50 (66.7) 1.1 (0.4–3.0) 0.895\nContact with ducks 22 (88.0) 55 (73.3) 4.0 (0.8–20.1) 0.062\nContact with pigeons 16 (64.0) 21 (28.0) 5.5 (1.9–16.0) 0.001\nPresence of rodents 12 (48.0) 9 (12.0) 5.8 (2.0–16.8) 0.001\nChickens and ducks on the same farm 11 (44.0) 40 (53.3) 0.7 (0.3–1.7) 0.415\nChickens and ducks in different night shelters 2 (8.0) 31 (41.3) 0.1 (0.1–0.5) 0.001\nFrequent ( |1×/wk) cleaning of shelter 18 (72.0) 44 (58.7) 1.8 (0.7–4.9) 0.221\nNo disinfection in shelter 4 (16.0) 10 (13.3) 3.0 (0.2–48.0) 0.448\nDisposal of bird in open space 19 (76.0) 58 (77.3) 0.9 (0 .3– 3.2) 0.869\nRecently purchased chickens brought in† 5 (20.0) 10 (13.3) 1.7 (0.5–5.7) 0.421Offering slaughter remnants of purchased chickens† 8 (32.0) 2 (2.7) 22.1 (2.7–177.7) 0.000\nDeath of neighbor’s chickens 7 (28.0) 20 (26.7) 1.1 (0.4–2.8) 0.900\nSource of chicks = own hatched 5 (20.0) 20 (26.7) 0.4 (0.1–2.0) 0.226\n*Matched-pair analysis using McNemar (Mantel-Haenszel) test statistics. OR, odds ratio; CI, confidence interval. \n†Within 21 days of the onset clinical signs on case backyard farms. \nTable 2. Initial results from multivariate analysis of potential risk factors for highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (H5N1 ) in backyard \nchickens, Bangladesh, 2007* \nRisk factor Odds ratio 95% Confidence interval p value \nNearby (< 0.1 km) body of water 3.64 0.82–16.18 0.089 \nCommercial farm within 0.5 km 3.57 0.34– 37.82 0.291 \nMigratory bird seen around farm 3.37 0.05–234.59 0.575 \nContact with ducks 1.47 0.15–14.29 0.740 \nContact with pigeons 7.64 1.00–58.48 0.050 \nPresence of rodents 7.94 0.89–72.61 0.067 \nChickens and ducks in different night shelters 0.08 0.01–0.71 0.023 \nOffering slaughter remnants of purchased chickens† 9.02 0.77–105.79 0.080 \n*Conditional logistic regression; initial set with 8 variables entered; Ȥ2 for likelihood ratio test = 43.85; p>0.001; no. observations = 100. \n†Within 21 days of the onset clinical signs in case backyard farms. HPAI in Backyard Chickens, Bangladesh\ncorporating 2 variables: 1) presence of a nearby (<0.1 km) \nbody of water and 2) distance <0.5 km from a larger body of water. The latter variable was meant for any larger wa-ter-logged paddy or open fi eld, lagoon, marsh, river, lake, \nor canal where water and migratory birds live or take ref-uge. These bodies of water are sometimes shared by do-mestic ducks; but generally, ducks on backyard farms feed on nearby bodies of water, predominantly ponds made by the birds’ owners for household purposes or aquaculture. Secondarily, ducks roam in these ponds to collect feed. Presence of a larger body of water within 0.5 km of a back-yard farm seems to have no causal association with the oc-currence of HPAI in backyard chickens in Bangladesh, but the presence of a nearby pond might.\nIn 1997, domestic pigeons ( Columbia spp.) were \nlargely resistant to infection with an HPAI (H5N1) virus isolated from Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People’s Republic of China ( 18); other studies showed that \nthey appeared to be more resistant to infection than many other avian species ( 19,20). In Bangladesh, many backyard \nfarmers rear chickens, ducks, pigeons, and sometimes other poultry in groups of mixed ages. Domestic pigeons are a major source of meat in Bangladesh, and not 1 pigeon in the country has been reported dead of in fl uenza (H5N1) \ninfection. The risk factor of contact with pigeons included 2 categories: the owners’ own domestic pigeons and neigh-bors’ visiting pigeons. In a complex of backyard farms in Bangladesh, pigeons are allowed to feed with other farm poultry; in addition, pigeons of 1 backyard farm frequently visit others for additional feed. Oronasal secretions and fe-ces from sick, or dead, backyard chickens with HPAI, have a high virus titer, thereby polluting the farm. Pigeons’ feed-ing and behavior probably allows them to come in close contact with the secretions of the infected or dead chick-ens or with fomites, enabling them to transmit the virus mechanically. Nettles et al. ( 21) reported that pigeons and \nsome wild birds—crows, mourning doves, vultures, and others—are not responsible for dissemination of in fl uenza \nvirus (H5N2) among poultry farms. However, in contrast to the fi ndings of Nettles et al. ( 21), dead crows in different \nareas of Bangladesh were found to be positive for in fl uenza \nvirus (H5) (neuraminidase was not determined) ( 22). Be-\ncause of the lack of evidence of mechanical transmission of infl uenza virus (H5N1) through pigeons in backyard chick-ens, the hypothesis that they are mechanical transmitters \nof infl uenza virus (H5N1) under the prevailing conditions \nof backyard chicken farms in Bangladesh cannot be con-fi rmed without a thorough virologic study.\nSome owners also offer supplementary feeds, predom-\ninantly cereals or their byproducts, to their chickens and ducks, usually in the evening when they are placed in the night shelters to protect them from predators. No domestic duck in Bangladesh has been reported dead of in fl uenza vi-\nrus (H5N1) infection. Placing chickens and ducks in sepa-rate night shelters appeared to be a protective factor. On the contrary, an association with in fl uenza (H5N1) was found \nwith rearing them on the same farm.\nIn developing countries, including Bangladesh, bios-\necurity enhancement, according to the Food and Agricul-ture Organization of the United Nations, poultry produc-tion system 4 is impossible to adopt. However, practical ways to minimize the risk factors identi fi ed in this study \nare possible in these countries, as follows. Chickens must not be fed remnants of slaughtered chickens that have been purchased from markets or mobile poultry vendors, and inedible portions thus produced must be disposed of hy-gienically. Villagers should not buy any obviously or ap-parently sick chickens, although they are cheaper, because these birds pose a serious threat to the villagers’ health and to the health of their backyard chickens. Enactment of laws with punitive measures for selling clinically sick chick-ens anywhere in the country and strict implementation of these laws are vital for limiting the spread of the virus from live bird markets to backyard chickens and vice versa. In-dividual backyard farm owners should be encouraged to rear only chickens or ducks; but if that is impractical, the owners should be advised to construct separate night shel-ters for ducks and chickens. Chickens should be limited or prevented from scavenging along the banks of bodies of water. During feeding, a family member can prevent pi-geons from joining the fl ock; any remaining feed must be \nremoved carefully.\nBecause backyard chickens are a vital economic re-\nsource in Bangladesh, backyard farmers cannot be pre-vented from rearing them. Therefore, avoidance of the risk factors identi fi ed in this study, and implementation of pro-\ntective factors, might reduce the risk for in fl uenza (H5N1) \ninfection in backyard chickens in the country.\n Emerging Infectious Diseases • www.cdc.gov/eid • Vol. 15, No. 12, December 2009 1935 Table 3. Results of final model with potential risk factors for highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (H5N1) in backyard chic kens, \nBangladesh, 2007* \nRisk factor Odds ratio 95% Confidence interval p value \nNearby (<0.1 km) body of water 5.27 (1.24–22.34) 0.024 \nContact with pigeons 4.47 (1.14–17.50) 0.032 \nChickens and ducks in different night shelters 0.06 (0.01–0.45) 0.006 \nOffering slaughter remnants of purchased chickens† 13.29 (1.34–131.99) 0.027 \n*Conditional logistic regression; final model with 4 variables entered; Ȥ2 for likelihood ratio test = 38.82; p>0.001; no. observations = 100. \n†Within 21 days of the onset clinical signs in case backyard farms. RESEARCH\nAcknowledgment\nThanks are extended to W.R. Ward for examining the manu-\nscript.\nThis study was funded by the Danish International Develop-\nment Agency.\nDr Biswas is an academician in the Department of Micro-\nbiology, Chittagong Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Chittagong, Bangladesh. His research interests include pathobiol-ogy and epidemiology of poultry pathogens and zoonoses trans-mitted by poultry.\nReferences\n 1. World Health Organization. Cumulative number of con fi rmed hu-\nman cases of avian in fl uenza A/(H5N1) reported to WHO, 2009 \nMarch 30 [cited 2009 Apr 4]. Available from http://www.who.int/csr/disease/avian_in fl uenza/country/cases_table_2009_03_30/en\n 2. Of fi ce International des Épizooties. 2007. 61 countries report H5N1 \navian in fl uenza in domestic poultry/wildlife, 2003–2007 [cited 2008 \nSep 27]. Available from http://www.oie.int/eng/info_ev/en_AI_factoids_2.htm\n 3. Permin A, Pedersen G. The need for a holistic view on disease \nproblems in free-range chickens. Characteristics and parameters of family poultry production in Africa. Vienna: International Atomic Energy Agency; 2002. p. 9–13.\n 4. Aini I. Indigenous chicken production in Southeast Asia. \nWorld’s Poultry Science Journal. 1990;46:51–7. DOI: 10.1079/WPS19900010\n 5. Fattah KA. Poultry as a tool on poverty eradication and promotion \nof equality. In: Dolberg F, Petersen PH, editors. Proceedings of the Danish Agricultural and Rural Development Advisers’ Forum Work-shop on Poultry as a Tool in Poverty Eradication and Promotion of Gender Equality; 1999 Mar 22–26; Tune Landboskole, Denmark. Copenhagen (Denmark): DSR Forlag; 1999. p. 16–28. \n 6. Dolberg F. Poultry sector country review: Bangladesh. Rome: Food \nand Agriculture Organization of the United Nations; 2009. p. 61.\n 7. Hulse-Post DJ, Sturm-Ramirez KM, Humbred J, Seiler P, Govork-\nova EA, Krauss S, et al. Role of domestic ducks in the propagation and biological evolution of highly pathogenic H5N1 in fl uenza vi-\nruses in Asia. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2005;102:10682–7. DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0504662102\n 8. Sturm-Ramirez KM, Hulse-Post DJ, Govorkova EA, Humbred J, \nSeiler P, Puthavathana P, et al. Are ducks contributing to the ende-micity of highly pathgenic H5N1 in fl uenza virus in Asia? J Virol. \n2005;79:11269–79. DOI: 10.1128/JVI.79.17.11269-11279.2005\n 9. Songserm T, Jam-on R, Sae-Heng N, Meemak N, Hulse-Post DJ, \nSturm-Ramirez KM, et al. Domestic ducks and H5N1 in fl uenza epi-\ndemic, Thailand. Emerg Infect Dis. 2006;12:575–81.\n10. National avian in fl uenza and human pandemic in fl uenza prepared-\nness and response plan, Bangladesh. Dhaka (Bangladesh): Govern-ment of the People’s Republic of Bangladesh; 2006. p. 1–85.11. Biswas PK, Biswas D, Ahmed S, Rahman A, Debnath NC. A longitu-\ndinal study of the incidence of major endemic and epidemic diseases affecting semi-scavenging chickens reared under the Participatory Livestock Development Project Areas in Bangladesh. Avian Pathol. 2005;34:303–12. DOI: 10.1080/03079450500178972\n12. Biswas PK, Uddin GMN, Barua H, Roy K, Biswas D, Ahad A, et \nal. Causes of loss of Sonali chickens on smallholder households in Bangladesh. Prev Vet Med. 2006;76:185–95. DOI: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2006.05.001\n13. Biswas PK, Uddin GMN, Barua H, Roy K, Biswas D, Debnath NC. \nSurvivability and causes of loss of broody-hen chicks on smallhold-er households in Bangladesh. Prev Vet Med. 2008;83:260–71. DOI: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2007.08.001\n14. Lee MS, Chang PC, Shien JH, Cheng MC, Shieh HK. Identi fi cation \nand subtyping of avian in fl uenza viruses by reverse transcription–\nPCR. J Virol Methods. 2001;97:13–22. DOI: 10.1016/S0166-0934(01)00301-9\n15. Biswas PK, Christensen JP, Ahmed SSU, Barua H, Das A, Rahman \nMH, et al. Avian in fl uenza outbreaks in chickens, Bangladesh. Emerg \nInfect Dis. 2008;14:1909–12. DOI: 10.3201/eid1412.071567\n16. Kung NY , Morris RS, Perkins NR, Sims LD, Ellis TM, Bissett L, et al. \nRisk for infection with highly pathogenic in fl uenza A virus (H5N1) \nin chickens, Hong Kong, 2002. Emerg Infect Dis. 2007;13:412–8. DOI: 10.3201/eid1303.060365\n17. Thomas ME, Bouma A, Ekker HM, Fonken AJM, Stegeman JA, \nNielen M. Risk factors for the introduction of high pathogenicity avian in fl uenza virus into poultry farms during the epidemic in the \nNetherlands in 2003. Prev Vet Med. 2005;69:1–11. DOI: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2004.12.001\n18. Perkins LE, Swayne DE. Pathogenicity of a Hong Kong–origin \nH5N1 highly pathogenic avian in fl uenza virus for emus, geese, \nducks, and pigeons. Avian Dis. 2002;46:53–63. DOI: 10.1637/0005-2086(2002)046[0053:POAHKO]2.0.CO;2\n19. Liu Y , Zhou J, Yang H, Yao W, Bu W, Yang B, et al. Susceptibility \nand transmissibility of pigeons to Asian-lineage highly pathogenic avian in fl uenza virus subtype H5N1. Avian Pathol. 2007;36:461–5. \nDOI: 10.1080/03079450701639335\n20. Werner O, Starick E, Teifke J, Klop fl eisch R, Prajitno TY , Beer M, \net al. Minute excretion of highly pathogenic avian in fl uenza virus \nA/chicken/Indonesia/2003 (H5N1) from experimentally infected domestic pigeons ( Columbia livea ) and lack of transmission to \nsentinel chickens. J Gen Virol. 2007;88:3089–93. DOI: 10.1099/vir.0.83105-0\n21. Nettles VF, Wood JM, Webster RG. Wildlife surveillance associated \nwith an outbreak of lethal H5N2 avian in fl uenza in domestic poultry. \nAvian Dis. 1985;29:733–41. DOI: 10.2307/1590665\n22. Giasuddin M, Samad MA, Khan MS, Monoura P, Al-Faruque MH, \nSaha SS, et al. Outbreak and frequency of circulating strains of avian infl uenza virus in Bangladesh from 2007–2008. Proceedings of the \n6th International Poultry Show and Seminar; 2009 Mar 5–7: Dhaka, Bangladesh; pp. 111–5. Dhaka (Bangladesh): World’s Poultry Sci-ence Association Bangladesh Branch; 2009.\nAddress for correspondence: Paritosh K. Biswas, Department of \nMicrobiology, Chittagong Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Khulshi, Chittagong, Bangladesh; email: biswaspk2000@yahoo.com\n1936 Emerging Infectious Diseases • www.cdc.gov/eid • Vol. 15, No. 12, December 2009\n Summer outbreaks of tularemia that occurred from \n1995 through 2005 in 2 locations in Sweden affected 441 persons. We performed an epidemiologic investigation of these outbreaks using a novel strategy, involving high-reso-lution genotyping of Francisella tularensis isolates obtained \nfrom 136 patients (using 18 genetic markers developed from 6 F. tularensis genome sequences) and interviews with the \npatients. Strong spatial associations were found between F. \ntularensis subpopulations and the places of disease trans-\nmission; infection by some subpopulations occurred within areas as small as 2 km\n2, indicating unidenti fi ed environmen-\ntal point sources of tularemia. In both locations, disease clusters were associated with recreational areas beside water, and genetic subpopulations were present throughout the tularemia season and persisted over years. High-reso-lution genotyping in combination with patients’ statements about geographic places of disease transmission provided valuable indications of likely sources of infection and the causal genotypes during these tularemia outbreaks. \nTraditional objectives of investigations of infectious \ndisease outbreaks are to identify ways to control ongo-\ning outbreaks and to prevent future outbreaks. However, a paucity of epidemiologic and ecologic knowledge ham-pers the investigation of tularemia outbreaks caused by the intracellular bacterium Francisella tularensis , although it \nis one of the most virulent pathogens known. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention lists this pathogen as one of the most potentially dangerous bioterrorism bacteria \n(1). Little is known about natural reservoirs of tularemia, \nF. tularensis transmission mechanisms to humans, and fac-\ntors in fl uencing the often irregular pattern of outbreaks. \nBecause tularemia is a zoonosis and little ecologic infor-mation exists about the causal organism, its prevention and control may require the development of novel outbreak in-vestigation strategies.\nIn nature, F. tularensis is associated with an extremely \nwide range of hosts and arthropod vectors; a recent review listed 304 susceptible species ( 2). Transmission to humans \nmay occur through a number of routes; skin inoculation by blood-feeding arthropod vectors is one of the most com-mon routes ( 3). The infectious dose can be as low as 10 \nbacterial cells ( 4). Human tularemia naturally occurs only \nin biotopes in the Northern Hemisphere. We describe an investigation of a large number of F. tularensis isolates \nfrom humans. Patients were infected mainly from mosquito bites and had an in fl uenza-like illness, a primary skin ulcer, \nand enlargement of lymph nodes, the ulceroglandular form of tularemia ( 5,6). Tularemia is endemic in Sweden, with \nseasonal outbreaks and a patchy geographic distribution. The number of infected humans ranged from 27 to 698 per year from 1998 through 2007 in a population of ≈9.1 mil-\nlion (annual incidence rate 0.30–7.78/100,000 persons) ( 7). \nFor comparison, 20–64 humans were reported with tula-remia from 2000 through 2006 in the tularemia-endemic US states of Arkansas and Missouri, from a population of ≈8.3 million (annual incidence rate 0.23–0.76/100,000 per-\nsons) ( 8). F. tularensis subsp. holarctica causes tularemia \nall over the Northern Hemisphere. This is a severe febrile disease but does not generally result in death. A more viru-lent variety, F. tularensis subsp. tularensis , exists in North \nAmerica. It was associated with a human mortality rate of 5%–15% before the advent of effective antimicrobial drug Landscape Epidemiology of \nTularemia Outbreaks in Sweden \nKerstin Svensson, Erik Bäck, Henrik Eliasson, Lennart Berglund, Malin Granberg, Linda Karlsson, \nPär Larsson, Mats Forsman, and Anders Johansson\n Emerging Infectious Diseases • www.cdc.gov/eid • Vol. 15, No. 12, December 2009 1937 Author af fi liations: Swedish Defense Research Agency, Umeå, \nSweden (K. Svensson, M. Granberg, L. Karlsson, P. Larsson, M. Forsman, A. Johansson); Umeå University, Umeå (K. Svensson, A. Johansson); Örebro University Hospital, Örebro, Sweden (E. Bäck, H. Eliasson); Ljusdal Healthcare Centre, Ljusdal, Sweden (L. Ber-glund); and Umeå University Hospital, Umeå (A. Johansson)\nDOI: 10.3201/eid1512.090487 RESEARCH\ntreatments ( 4). F. tularensis has a clonal genetic structure, \na property that should facilitate tracking the spread of tula-remia by genotyping ( 9,10).\nWe demonstrate a strategy to enhance epidemiologic \ninvestigations of tularemia by combining geographic data collected from patient interviews and high-resolution geno-typing of F. tularensis subsp. holarctica isolates recovered \nfrom tularemia patients. We found that geographic distri-butions of speci fi c F. tularensis subsp. holarctica subpopu-\nlations were highly localized during outbreaks (infections by some genotypes were restricted to areas as small as 2 km\n2), indicating distinct point sources of infection.\nMaterials and Methods\nStudy Locations\nWe studied tularemia, which must be reported under \nSwedish law, in 2 locations 364 km apart: the Municipality of Ljusdal and the County of Örebro (19,384 and 273,956 inhabitants, respectively, in 2005) ( 11) (Figure 1). The hu-\nman tularemia incidence rates in Ljusdal and Örebro cited here were based on the annual number of human tularemia cases reported to the County Medical Of fi cer for Commu-\nnicable Diseases. Tularemia has been endemic for several decades in Ljusdal with repeated outbreaks ( 12), whereas \nin Örebro, incidence of tularemia has been low since the disease was fi rst reported in Sweden in the 1930s ( 5). From \n1990 through 1999, Örebro reported only 8 cases.\nStudy Period, Isolate Information, \nand Preparation of DNA\nFrom 1995 through 2005, clinicians in Ljusdal and Öre-\nbro sent patient specimens for tularemia serologic analysis, F. tularensis culture, and PCR detection to the laboratories \nat the Swedish Defense Research Agency, Umeå, Sweden; Umeå University Hospital, Umeå; or Örebro University Hospital, Örebro. Culture and PCR diagnostics of ulcer specimens were performed as described elsewhere ( 13). \nBlood culture was performed by using the instrumented BD Bactec Plus system (Becton Dickinson, Franklin Lakes, NJ, USA). All Francisella culture work was performed un-\nder BioSafety level 3 laboratory conditions. A tube agglu-tination test or an ELISA measuring immunoglobulin (Ig) M and IgG was used for serologic analysis, as previously described ( 14). For DNA preparation, F. tularensis isolates \nwere recultured, then a loopful of bacteria was suspended in phosphate-buffered saline and heat-killed, and a chaotro-pic salt method was applied ( 6).\nIdenti fi cation and Selection of Markers\nWe used 3 types of genetic markers to provide high-\ntyping resolution and robust categorization of F. tularensis \nsubsp. holarctica into genetic subpopulations. As described elsewhere, we previously identi fi ed 280 insertion/deletion \n(INDEL) and variable number of tandem repeat (VNTR) markers by multiple alignments of the Francisella ge-\nnomes U112, FSC147, SCHU S4, OSU18, and LVS ( 15). \nFor the current study, we selected 20 of these 280 markers (17 INDELs and 3 VNTRs) that were polymorphic among F. tularensis subsp. holarctica isolates from Europe and \nNorth America. We then added 11 VNTR markers showing polymorphism among subsp. holarctica isolates of world-\nwide origin, and 1 INDEL (Ft-M19) shown to be speci fi c to \nsubsp. holarctica (9). Finally, we added 2 single nucleotide \npolymorphism (SNP) markers identi fi ed in a comparative \nBLAST analysis (http://blast.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Blast.cgi) of F. tularensis subsp. holarctica genomes of a worldwide \norigin including FSC200 (human, Ljusdal, 1998), LVS, RC530, FSC022, FTA, OR96-0246, and OSU18. The 2 SNP markers were selected to be phylogenetically informa-tive while lacking homoplasy among 67 Francisella strains \nof diverse origin. Collectively, the selection process yield-ed a set of 34 genetic markers that were applied to 48 of the 136 study isolates (24 each from Örebro and Ljusdal). Markers found to be polymorphic among the 48 selected isolates were fi nally used to genotype all 136 isolates.\n1938 Emerging Infectious Diseases • www.cdc.gov/eid • Vol. 15, No. 12, December 2009\nFigure 1. Locations of the 2 tularemia outbreak areas in Sweden, \nshowing Ljusdal and Örebro 364 km apart. Tularemia Outbreaks in Sweden\nDNA Fragment Analysis and Real-time PCR SNP Assay\nDNA fragment analysis of INDELs and VNTRs were \nperformed on a Genetic Analysis System CEQ 8800 (Beck-man Coulter Inc., Fullerton, CA, USA) machine, as previ-ously described ( 15). Genomic positions for SNPs and their \ncorresponding PCR ampli fi cation primers are presented in \nTable 1. The SNP states were determined by real-time PCR by using a set of 2 forward primers with different single nucleotide extensions at the 3 ′ end, and a common reverse \nprimer ( 16). We could read the SNP state by a differential \nPCR ampli fi cation ef fi ciency.\nGenetic Groups, Subgroups, and Cluster Analysis\nWe assigned isolates to genotypes by using the binary \ncharacter output for each INDEL marker, the repeat copy number at each VNTR marker, and the results of the SNP assay. We analyzed the associations among genotypes by their degree of genetic character sharing by using the eBURST algorithm ( 17). Genetic groups were de fi ned as \ngenotypes sharing 16 of 18 characters and subgroups shar-ing 17 of 18 characters. In addition, the genetic associations between the isolates were assessed by cluster analysis by using the unweighted pair group m with arithmetic mean (18) algorithm implemented in BioNumerics version 5.1 \n(Applied Maths NV, Sint-Martens-Latem, Belgium) using the categorical coef fi cient.\nPatient Interviews and Geographic Mapping\nTo obtain geographic data on likely places of disease \ntransmission in Ljusdal, all patients in whom F. tularen-\nsis subsp. holarctica was diagnosed from 1995 through \n2005 completed a questionnaire distributed during 2007 and marked on an accompanying map the location of the site where they believed they had been infected. In Öre-bro, patients admitted to hospital with tularemia from 2000 through 2004 were interviewed on admission, interviewed by telephone, or issued questionnaires, as previously de-scribed ( 5). All patients were asked for alternative places of disease transmission and to self-estimate the spatial data \nquality on a 3-category scale. A pair of RT-90 cartographic coordinates ( 19) was then assigned to each patient and the \ncorresponding F. tularensis subsp. holarctica isolate, speci-\nfying the locations of fi rst-choice place of transmission with \nthe highest self-estimated quality. RT 90 is a standardized 2-dimensional Swedish map reference coordinate system. For patients who indicated multiple places of infection with identical data quality estimates, the coordinates of the place closest to the spatial mean center of tularemia in Ljusdal or Örebro were used (online Appendix Table 1, available from www.cdc.gov/EID/content/15/12/1937-appT1.htm, and online Appendix Table 2, available from www.cdc.gov/EID/content/15/12/1937-appT2.htm). If no geographic information was available for a patient, the residential ad-dress was used.\nWe visualized and analyzed geographic and genotype \ndata by using ArcView software in ArcGIS version 9.3 (ESRI, Redlands, CA, USA), and calculated spatial mean centers of disease occurrence (the average x and y values for the input coordinates) for all genetic groups and subgroups of isolates. The directional trend was examined by using the directional distribution tool in ArcGIS Spatial Statistics Tools (ESRI) and an ellipse size of 1 standard deviation.\nResults\nDescriptive Epidemiology\nWe isolated F. tularensis from 136 of 441 patients with \nlaboratory-veri fi ed tularemia in the Municipality of Ljusdal \nduring 1995–2005 (n = 56) and in the County of Örebro during 2000–2004 (n = 80). This fi nding constituted 34% \n(56/163) and 29% (80/278) of all patients with laborato-ry-veri fi ed tularemia during the outbreak years in Ljusdal \n(1995, 1998, 2002, 2005) and Örebro (2000, 2002–2004), respectively (Figure 1).\nAnalysis per outbreak year showed that the number of \npatients with culture-veri fi ed tularemia were proportional \n Emerging Infectious Diseases • www.cdc.gov/eid • Vol. 15, No. 12, December 2009 1939 Table 1. Attributes of 7 novel typing markers for Francisella tularensis subsp. holarctica* \nMarker \ncategory Marker \nname Genomic \nposition† Size, \nbp Forward primer sequence (5 ƍ ĺ3ƍ) Reverse primer sequence (5 ƍ ĺ 3ƍ) \nINDEL Ftind39 798173-4 11 ATAATTACTATCAAATGCCCCAAC CAAGATTTACCTCAAGAAATGGAT \n Ftind40 1502502-821 73 ATATGATTGCTCCAGTATTTATTTC TTGTAAGGTGATCGGAGTATTT \n Ftind41 1494030-328 20 CCAAGAGCAGAGCATAATTCTAA GCCTGACRCAATGACATATTTAC \n Ftind42 1849905-\n1850278 187 AGTAATAACGGTACGATCACAAAG GGCTTTAGCTTACCAACASAAC \nVNTR Ft-M26 1833026-37 6‡ AATACTCGCTTCTATCTTTCTGGT AATCTTTTGGAGAGGTTTTATTCA \nSNP Ft-SNP1 927939 1 ATCCCTGTTGGGATATCCTCGACTAA ACCAAGGTAGATTTGCAGCTAC A§\nACCAAGGTAGATTTGCAGCTAC G§ \n Ft-SNP2 1044580 1 ATCAGACTTAGGTGTTAGATCAGAGTT TGAATACTCTACGCGATAAGAT A§\nTGAATACTCTACGCGATAAGAT G§ \n*INDEL, insertion/deletion; VNTR, variable number tandem repeat; SNP, single nucleotide polymorphism. \n†GenBank accession no. AM233362.1 (complete genome of F. tularensis subsp. holarctica LVS). \n‡There were two 6-bp repeats in the genome sequence of LVS. \n§The 2 SNP states are in boldface , an adenosine nucleotide represent a derived state for both markers. RESEARCH\nto the total number of tularemia patients. The ages of pa-\ntients from whom positive cultures were obtained ranged from 1 to 90 years, distributed evenly among age groups: 20%, 18%, 34%, and 28% in persons 0–20, 21–40, 41–60, and >60 years of age, respectively, with a male:female ra-tio of 1.2:1 (online Appendix Tables 1, 2). No apparent correlations were found between genotypes and either the gender or age of the patients. The annual incidence rates of tularemia were 21–423 per 100,000 persons in the Mu-nicipality of Ljusdal and 12–55 per 100,000 persons in the County of Örebro in outbreak years, but disease-free years were interspersed between outbreaks. Generally, tularemia patients reported that they were infected at places used for outdoor activities, e.g., on walking paths, at bathing places, at golf courses, or in an allotment garden (parcels of land for cultivation) assigned to individuals or families (Figures 2–4; online Technical Appendix, available from www.cdc.gov/EID/content/15/12/1937-Techapp.pdf). A statement of a likely arthropod transmission vector was available for pa-tients from Örebro; indicating mosquitoes (n = 101), ticks (4), horse fl ies ( 8), mosquitoes or ticks ( 2), mosquitoes or \nhorse fl ies ( 19); 144 patients reported not knowing (the vec-\ntors reported by the 80 patients with culture-veri fi ed tula-\nremia are listed in online Appendix Table 2). A presumed place of tularemia acquisition was pinpointed by 120 (88%) of 136 of patients and self-estimates of the quality of spatial data were available for 44 of 56 patients in Ljusdal and 76 of 80 patients in Örebro (online Appendix Tables 1, 2) with culture-veri fi ed tularemia. Overall, patients felt con fi dent \nabout where they had acquired tularemia; 92 of 136 patients indicated that their place of disease acquisition was certain or probable (Table 2).\nGenetic Analysis of Outbreak Isolates\nWe fi rst identi fi ed 34 genetic markers that were poly-\nmorphic among F. tularensis subsp. holarctica isolates of \nworldwide origin. Among these, 18 markers (6/14 VNTRs, 10/18 INDELs, and both SNPs) were polymorphic among the 136 study isolates. Seven of these polymorphic markers have not been previously described (Table 1); 11 (Ftind30–34, Ftind37, Ft-M3, Ft-M6, Ft-M20, Ft-M22, Ft-M24) have been previously published ( 9,15). By applying the 18-\nmarker system to the 136 isolates, we identi fi ed 19 geno-\ntypes. The 136 isolates were assigned to 3 genetic groups (denoted 1, 2, and 3) corresponding to previously described genetic groups ( 9,15,20 ) and 5 subgroups (denoted 1a–e), \non the basis of their degree of character sharing (Figure 5). Most isolates from Ljusdal (55/56) and Örebro (68/80) be-longed to genetic group 1. In pairwise comparisons, genetic groups 1, 2, and 3 differed at 6–13 of the 18 characters. A mutation at marker Ft-SNP2 was distinctive to the large ge-netic subgroup 1e from Ljusdal (53 isolates). Cluster analy-sis based on a distance matrix showed an identical grouping of isolates (Figure 5). Only 1 genotype was represented in \nboth study locations; an isolate from Ljusdal obtained in 2005 was identical to an isolate from Örebro in 2003 (see genotype ID 9; Figure 5). In both study locations, genetic subgroups and genotypes were present throughout a tulare-mia season and persisted over years (Figures 5, 6).\nPhylogeographic Analysis in Ljusdal\nThe F. tularensis isolates recovered from 1995 through \n2005 from patients in Ljusdal were genetically monomor-phic. The 53 of 56 isolates that belonged to genetic sub-\n1940 Emerging Infectious Diseases • www.cdc.gov/eid • Vol. 15, No. 12, December 2009\nFigure 2. A) Spatial distribution of 56 places of tularemia trans-\nmission in Ljusdal, Sweden, 1995–2005, overlaid on a map with color-coded demographic data based on residential addresses. B) Disease cluster in an area of 25 km\n2 along the Ljusnan \nRiver in Ljusdal. Reported places of disease transmission and corresponding bacterial genotypes are shown. The 33 Francisella \ntularensis isolates belong to genetic group 1e and are of genotype \nID 15 (red) or genotype ID 16 (black). Place of disease transmission was reported to be certain (circle), probable (square), or possible (diamond); patient residency was used when transmission data was unavailable (triangle). Tularemia Outbreaks in Sweden\ngroup 1e were circumscribed by a 150-km2 ellipse (Figure \n7, panel A). All 56 isolates were circumscribed by a 230-km\n2 ellipse. Analysis per outbreak year showed that the \ninfection area of 1e isolates was stable, with an east–west distribution along the river Ljusnan (Figure 7). The places of disease transmission for 3 isolates of genetic subgroups 1b, 1c, and 3 were peripheral to the infection area of 1e iso-lates (Figure 7, panel D). Many patients reported acquiring tularemia from restricted geographic areas, e.g., 33 of 56 isolates were from a 25-km\n2 stretch along the river Ljusnan, \nwith a disease cluster at a golf course (Figure 2).\nPhylogeographic Analysis in Örebro\nIn Örebro, the places of disease transmission for ge-\nnetic groups 1 and 2 were within 2 partially overlapping geographic areas with distinctly separate mean centers of occurrence (Figure 8, panel A). Closer examination of the areas of genetic group 1 showed that those of subgroups 1a, 1b, and 1d had similar spatial centers but different direc-tional distributions (Figure 8, panels B–D). Infection loca-tions of genetic subgroups 1a and 1b were oriented in an east-west direction along the Svartån River, whereas those of subgroup 1d were oriented in a north-south direction along the Lillån River. The places of disease transmission of genetic group 1 were circumscribed by a concatenated 272-km\n2 ellipse area (Figure 8, panel A); those of genetic \ngroup 2 were circumscribed by a 645-km2 ellipse (Figure \n8, panel E). The proportions of isolates transmitted within the elliptic infection areas of genetic subgroups 1a, 1b, 1d, and 2 were 7 of 12, 9 of 16, 30 of 37, and 7 of 12, respec-tively (Figure 8, panels B–E). The geographic distribution \nof genetic subgroup 1a’s places of transmission was most restricted, spanning an elliptic area of only 16 km\n2. Seven \nof 12 transmission locations of genetic subgroup 1a could alternatively be enclosed in a rectangular area of just 2 km\n2 \n(Figure 8, panel B). The genetic subgroup 1c comprised only 3 isolates with 3 distinct genotypes; places of disease transmission spanned a distance of 58 km (not shown).\nIn total, 240 of 278 patients in Örebro reported places \nof tularemia transmission. A spatial distribution plot of the locations reported by 202 of these patients is shown in Fig-ure 3 (those of 38 patients are not shown because they were outside the map area), indicating the existence of 4 tulare-mia transmission clusters. Two clusters are further detailed in Figure 4. Eighty-three patients reportedly acquired tula-remia in the Oset/Rynningeviken nature reserve 2 km from Örebro City center. Twenty-six of 27 cultured F. tularensis \nisolates from this area belonged to genetic group 1. Seven-teen patients reported transmission at Lake Lången, 5 km north of Örebro City. Here, multiple patient reports veri fi ed \nthat bacteria of genetic groups 1d and 2 coexisted. How-ever, the centers of occurrence were geographically distinct (Figure 8, panel A).\nDiscussion\nIn this study of natural outbreaks of human tularemia \nin 2 locations in Sweden, genetic techniques developed for high-resolution typing of F. tularensis were used in con-\n Emerging Infectious Diseases • www.cdc.gov/eid • Vol. 15, No. 12, December 2009 1941 \nFigure 3. Geographic distribution of 202/240 places of tularemia \ntransmission in Örebro, Sweden, 2000–2004. Four recreational areas were disease cluster sites for tularemia transmission: 1) Lake Lången, 2) Karslundsskogen/Hästhagen, 3) Oset/Rynningevikens nature reserve, and 4) Ekeby-Almby.\nFigure 4. A) Cluster site for tularemia transmission at Oset/Rynningeviken nature reserve in Örebro, Sweden, with 83 patient reports. Twenty-seven Francisella tularensis isolates \nwere recovered from these patients. B) Cluster site for tularemia transmission at Lake Lången, Örebro, Sweden, with 17 patient reports. Nine F. tularensis isolates were recovered from these \npatients. Place of disease transmission were reported to be certain (circle), probable (square), or possible (diamond); patient residency (triangle) was used if no such data were available. Genetic groups are indicated by color: yellow (1a), green (1b), blue (1d), or purple (2); white indicates no F. tularensis culture. RESEARCH\njunction with information obtained from patient surveys \nand interviews to investigate the epidemiology and geo-graphic spread of disease. Places of transmission of spe-cifi c F. tularensis genotypes (Figure 5) were highly local-\nized and restricted to areas as low as 2 km\n2, pinpointing \nlikely point sources of infection (Figures 7, 8). The results demonstrate the capability of enhancing epidemiologic in-vestigations of tularemia by combining data from patient interviews with high-resolution genotyping of F. tularensis \nisolates recovered from the same patients.\nA recent study in Utah of 5 patients and 11 rabbit car-\ncasses infected with F. tularensis indicated that multiple \nF. tularensis subspecies and genetic subgroups may cause \ntularemia in a localized outbreak ( 21). Other studies have \ndemonstrated that genetic subgroups of F. tularensis have \ndistinct frequencies at continental scales throughout the Northern Hemisphere ( 20,22–24 ). Our study, in which 136 \nF. tularensis subsp. holarctica isolates from 2 localized hu-\nman outbreaks were examined, shows the phylogeographic structure in F. tularensis subsp. holarctica populations in-\nvolved in local outbreaks.\nWhy is there a phylogeographic structure? We found \nhigh genetic diversity and limited spatial distribution of ge-netic group 1 isolates in Örebro, which suggested recent \nexpansion of local F. tularensis subsp. holarctica popu-\nlations. The number of genotypes in genetic group 1 was notably greater than among genetic group 2 isolates from Örebro or among all the isolates recovered in the long-term tularemia-endemic area of Ljusdal (Figure 5). Because pre-vious genotyping data have demonstrated that homoplastic SNP mutations are virtually nonexistent in F. tularensis \n(20,25 ), a common mutation at Ft-SNP1 (Figure 5) indi-\ncates that the isolates in genetic subgroup 1d in Örebro and 1e in Ljusdal share a more recent common ancestor than they do with isolates of subgroups 1a, 1b, or 1c in Örebro. However, genetic distances among all the group 1 isolates are likely to be small because Ft-SNP1 could be identi-fi ed only by comparison of complete genome sequences, \nincluding a genetic subgroup 1e genome (strain FSC200 from Ljusdal) ( 26,27 ). Altogether, the data imply that ge-\nnetic groups 1a, 1b, and 1c isolates have a local evolution-ary history rather than a recent local disease introduction (as veri fi ed by high genetic variation at VNTR markers) \nand that the 1d isolates appear genetically related with iso-lates from Ljusdal (as veri fi ed by a SNP mutation). \nRestoration of a wetland area between 1993 and 2006 \n(Figure 4) in Örebro may have been a factor in expansion of these genetic subgroups. Because F. tularensis subsp. \nholarctica is known to be associated with natural waters, \nfavorable conditions for its replication may have resulted. The large genetic distance between genetic groups 1 and 2 in Örebro (they are consistently distinct at 9 of 18 markers; Figure 5), where tularemia recently has reemerged, com-pares with distances previously found among F. tularen-\nsis subsp. holarctica isolates of worldwide origin ( 9) and \nexcludes a recent local common origin. The existence of \n1942 Emerging Infectious Diseases • www.cdc.gov/eid • Vol. 15, No. 12, December 2009Table 2. Patient self-estimates of data quality for places of \ntularemia transmission, Sweden* \nLocation Certain Probable PossibleResidential\naddress Total \nÖrebro 15 38 23 4 80\nLjusdal 23 16 5 12 56\nTotal 38 54 28 16 136\n*Values summarize the information in the column “Patient self-estimate” \nfound in online Appendix Tables 1 and 2 (available from \nwww.cdc.gov/EID/content/15/12/1937-appT1.htm and www.cdc.gov/EID/content/15/12/1937-appT2.htm). \nFigure 5. Attributes of 19 genotypes of Francisella tularensis subsp. holarctica identi fi ed in this study, and their genetic associations as \nassessed by a phylogenetic method (the clustering tree) or by an allele-based method (the genetic group designations). The lett er and \nnumber designations in the clustering tree refer to nomenclatures of F. tularensis genetic clades as described by Johansson et al. ( 9). Gray \nshading indicates the derived genetic marker states. INDEL, insertion/deletion; SNP, single nucleotide polymorphism; VNTR, vari able \nnumber of tandem repeats; ID, identi fi cation. Tularemia Outbreaks in Sweden\nseveral distinct F. tularensis populations active within a \nsingle tularemia outbreak is further demonstrated by com-paring data of this study with data from previous work by Johansson et al. ( 9) and Kugeler et al. ( 24). All of the group \n1 isolates belong to clades named B1/B3 or B.Br.013/014, respectively in these previous publications; group 2 isolates belong to clade B4 or B.Br.007/008 (or a nearby clade), and group 3 isolates to clade B2 or B.Br.OSU18. Kugeler et al. demonstrated the large numbers of SNPs separating group 1 from groups 2 and 3 isolates, thus verifying very distinct genetic populations.\nThe geographically widely distributed genetic group 2 \nin Örebro, the subgroup 1d in Örebro, or the subgroup 1e in Ljusdal, may be results of past temporary reductions of population sizes (genetic bottlenecks) or selective events (selective sweeps) that have eliminated genetic variation in originally more diverse populations. The selective sweep hypothesis is particularly attractive; a highly fi t genotype over time will increase its frequency relative to other geno-\ntypes and may occupy larger geographic areas. This scenar-io would explain previous fi ndings of low genetic diversity \namong isolates recovered from areas of Sweden with a long history of tularemia infections ( 9).\nThe genetic differences of genetic groups and sub-\ngroups were mirrored spatially. The genetic groups 1 and 2 in Örebro showed distinct mean centers of occurrence (Fig-ure 8, panel A), and genetic group 1d isolates were the only isolates of group 1 found along the whole stretch of the river Lillån, resulting in a distribution area oriented north-south, opposite to subgroups 1a and 1b, which showed an east-west direction of their distribution areas (Figure 8, panels B–D). Similar pattern of separated disease occur-rence center for genetic groups were found in Ljusdal (Fig-ure 7, panel D). Collectively, these observations indicate distinct replication foci and dispersal areas of different F. \ntularensis subsp. holarctica populations.\n Emerging Infectious Diseases • www.cdc.gov/eid • Vol. 15, No. 12, December 2009 1943 \nFigure 6. Proportional representation of genetic groups among isolated recovered per year for Ljusdal (A) and Örebro (B) and se asonal \ndistribution of genetic groups of Francisella tularensis subsp. holarctica in 1998 in Ljusdal (C) and in 2003 in Örebro (D), Sweden. The \nweek of disease onset was available for 84/87 patients in Ljusdal and 148/152 patients in Örebro. RESEARCH\nMany reasons are likely for a clustering of human tula-\nremia. First, tularemia occurrence depends on the number of persons at risk, i.e., those who visit or live in areas where F. tularensis foci exists (Figures 2, 3). Second is the effect \nof vector ecology. Most of the 134 (91%) patients in Örebro who speci fi ed a disease transmission vector reported it to \nbe mosquitoes. Thus, the distance that mosquitoes disperse, 200–2,000 m for most species in Sweden ( 28,29 ), probably \nstrongly in fl uences the infection patterns. Third, local fac-\ntors affect the persistence and distribution of F. tularen-\nsis in nature. We found identical genotypes over different \nyears, indicating that tularemia overwinters at the disease cluster sites. Genetic groups also were present during the whole tularemia season from July to September, indicating \nthat no particular temporal patterns were associated with specifi c bacterial genotypes (Figures 5, 6).\nAlthough uneven distributions of persons at risk and \ntransmission vectors, as well as a general association of tularemia with streaming waters, may explain geographic disease clustering in humans, only different spatial distri-butions of F. tularensis populations can explain cluster-\ning of genetic groups and subgroups. Our observations are consistent with Pavlovsky’s theory of “natural nidality of transmissible diseases,” i.e., a connection of the vector-borne disease with a de fi nite geographic landscape ( 30). In \nthe case of tularemia, a recent study on dog ticks carry-\n1944 Emerging Infectious Diseases • www.cdc.gov/eid • Vol. 15, No. 12, December 2009\nFigure 7. A) Directional distributions of tularemia transmission sites in Ljusdal, Sweden, by outbreak year (red ellipses). The Francisella \ntularensis isolates recovered from patients in Ljusdal were genetically monomorphic, with 53/56 isolates belonging to genetic subgroup 1e \n(solid black ellipse). The dashed black ellipse represents the distributions of all 56 isolates. Each ellipse represents a 1 st andard deviation \ndistribution around the mean centers of occurrence (starred). B) Distributions of 13 isolates of genetic group 1e, genotype ide ntifi cation \n(ID) 15 (red), Ljusdal, 1995. C) Distributions of 26 isolates of genetic group 1e, genotype ID 15 (red) and genotype ID 16 (bla ck), Ljusdal, \n1998. Numbers above symbols indicate multiple data points. D) Distributions of 13 isolates of genetic group 1e, genotype ID 15 (red) and \ngenotype ID 16 (black); genetic group 1b (green); genetic group 1c (gray); and genetic group 3 (white), Ljusdal, 2005. Spatial data quality \nassessment for each pair of coordinates is shown as certain (circle), probable (square), or possible (diamond); patient residen cy (triangle) \nwas used when transmission data were unavailable. Tularemia Outbreaks in Sweden\ning F. tularensis subsp. tularensis on Martha’s Vineyard \n(Massachusetts, USA) showed persistence in a microfocus in nature over 4 years ( 31). Supporting the existence of a \nlandscape epidemiology of tularemia, we found that differ-ent F. tularensis subsp. holarctica populations are locally \npresent near certain bodies of water where they apparently stably perpetuate.\nA major limitation of this study is a retrospective de-\nsign that may have caused recall bias regarding the loca-tions at which tularemia was contracted. The patient recall time in Ljusdal sometimes was up to 12 years; in Örebro \npatients were approached at admission to hospital. It is our impression, however, from many patient interviews, that the short incubation time of tularemia (2–5 days), the dis-tinct clinical expression, its occurrence in restricted geo-graphic areas, and a transmission route by blood-feeding arthropods, did facilitate patient recalls.\nLjusdal and Örebro in Sweden have comparatively \nhigh tularemia incidence rates. The results of this study suggest that genotyping coupled with global imaging satel-\n Emerging Infectious Diseases • www.cdc.gov/eid • Vol. 15, No. 12, December 2009 1945 \nFigure 8. A) Directional distributions and spatial mean centers for 80 Francisella tularensis isolates of 4 different genetic groups, Örebro, \nSweden. Each colored ellipse represents a 1 standard deviation distribution around the mean centers of occurrence (starred) for a genetic \ngroup. B–E) Details on transmission sites in Örebro for genetic groups of F. tularensis isolates: B) genetic group 1a; C) genetic group 1b; \nD) genetic group 1d; E) genetic group 2. Patient self-estimates of the spatial data quality are shown as certain (circle), prob able (square), \nor possible (diamond); patient residency (triangle) was used if no such data were available. Proportions (r) of transmission si tes within/\noutside an ellipse are indicated. Numbers above symbols in panel D indicate multiple data points at the same place. RESEARCH\nlite mapping can help identify local environmental sourc-\nes of tularemia, which is essential for effective infection control. This study also shows that pathogen genome se-quencing efforts can contribute to the design of genotyping schemes tailored to a speci fi c outbreak investigation. By \ncombining high-resolution genotyping with patient inter-views, we found F. tularensis populations to have strong \nspatial associations in 2 localized tularemia outbreaks. In future investigations, we believe that application of parallel mass-sequencing technologies to F. tularensis will be high-\nly valuable for identifying additional genetic markers that, in turn, will facilitate tracking of the zoonotic pathogen through environmental sources, blood-feeding arthropods, and mammals. In addition to a more detailed genetic analy-sis, we need to identify ecologic correlates to the local areas of F. tularensis persistence and replication. Ultimately, the \ngoal is to gain knowledge enabling future focused interven-tions directed at reducing the risk for tularemia acquisition by humans visiting or living in areas in which tularemia is highly endemic.\nAcknowledgments\nWe thank Ulla Eriksson for handling isolates from the Fran-\ncisella Strain Collection, and Mitchell Brittnacher and Rajinder \nKaul for genome sequencing of the FSC200 isolate and allow-ing access to the development version of the now public website, www.francisella.org. We also thank the tularemia patients for their assistance.\nThis study was supported by the Swedish Ministry of For-\neign Affairs (FOI project no. A4952); the Swedish Research Council Formas (project no. 209-2006-1311); the County Council of Västerbotten; the Medical Faculty, Umeå University, Umeå; and the Örebro County Council Research Foundation.\nDr Svensson has been a bioinformatician at the Swedish De-\nfense Research Agency in Umeå, Sweden, since 2001. Her re-search interests focus on improving genetic methods for identify-ing and tracing the origin of Francisella isolates to gain a better \nunderstanding of the epidemiology and ecology of tularemia in Scandinavia.\nReferences\n 1. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Emergency prepared-\nness and response. Bioterrorism [cited 2009 Mar 31]. Available from \nhttp://www.bt.cdc.gov/agent/agentlist-category.asp\n 2. Keim P, Johansson A, Wagner DM. Molecular epidemiology, evolu-\ntion, and ecology of Francisella. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2007;1105:30–\n66. DOI: 10.1196/annals.1409.011\n 3. Penn RL. Francisella tularensis (tularemia). In: Mandell GL, Ben-\nnet JE, Dolin R, editors. Mandell, Douglas and Bennett’s principles and practice of infectious diseases. 6th ed. Edinburgh (Scotland): Churchill Livingstone Ltd; 2005. p. 2674–85. 4. Dennis DT, Inglesby TV , Henderson DA, Bartlett JG, Ascher MS, \nEitzen E, et al. Tularemia as a biological weapon: medical and pub-lic health management. JAMA. 2001;285:2763–73. DOI: 10.1001/jama.285.21.2763\n 5. Eliasson H, Bäck E. Tularaemia in an emergent area in Sweden: an \nanalysis of 234 cases in fi ve years. Scand J Infect Dis. 2007;39:880–9. \nDOI: 10.1080/00365540701402970\n 6. Johansson A, Berglund L, Eriksson U, Göransson I, Wollin R, Fors-\nman M, et al. Comparative analysis of PCR versus culture for diag-nosis of ulceroglandular tularemia. J Clin Microbiol. 2000;38:22–6.\n 7. Swedish Institute for Infectious Disease Control. Data and statis-\ntics. Tularaemia [cited 2009 Mar 31]. Available from http://www.smittskyddsinstitutet.se/in-english/statistics/tularaemia\n 8. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Summary of noti fi -\nable diseases—United States, 2000–2006. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep [cited 2009 Mar 10]. Available from http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/summary.html\n 9. Johansson A, Farlow J, Larsson P, Dukerich M, Chambers E, \nByström M, et al. Worldwide genetic relationships among Franci-\nsella tularensis isolates determined by multiple-locus variable-num-\nber tandem repeat analysis. J Bacteriol. 2004;186:5808–18. DOI: 10.1128/JB.186.17.5808-5818.2004\n10. Achtman M. Evolution, population structure, and phylogeography of \ngenetically monomorphic bacterial pathogens. Annu Rev Microbiol. 2008;62:53–70. DOI: 10.1146/annurev.micro.62.081307.162832\n11. Statistics Sweden. Population statistics database [cited 2009 Mar \n31]. Available from http://www.ssd.scb.se\n12. Olin G. The occurrence and mode of transmission of tularemia in \nSweden. Acta Pathol Microbiol Scand. 1942;19:220–47.\n13. Eliasson H, Sjöstedt A, Bäck E. Clinical use of a diagnostic PCR \nfor Francisella tularensis in patients with suspected ulceroglan-\ndular tularaemia. Scand J Infect Dis. 2005;37:833–7. DOI: 10.1080/00365540500400951\n14. World Health Organization. WHO guidelines on tularemia. Ge-\nneva: The Organization; 2007 [cited 2009 Mar 31]. Available from http://www.who.int/csr/resources/publications/WHO_CDS_EPR_2007_7.pdf \n15. Larsson P, Svensson K, Karlsson L, Guala D, Granberg M, Forsman \nM, et al. Canonical insertion-deletion markers for rapid DNA typing of Francisella tularensis. Emerg Infect Dis. 2007;13:1725–32.\n16. Germer S, Higuchi R. Homogeneous allele-speci fi c PCR in SNP \ngenotyping. Methods Mol Biol. 2003;212:197–214.\n17. Feil EJ, Enright MC. Analyses of clonality and the evolution of \nbacterial pathogens. Curr Opin Microbiol. 2004;7:308–13. DOI: 10.1016/j.mib.2004.04.002\n18. Sneath PH, Sokal RR, eds. Numerical taxonomy: the principles and \npractice of numerical classi fi cation. San Francisco: W.H. Freeman \nand Company; 1973.\n19. Lantmäteriet—the Swedish mapping, cadastral and land registration \nauthority. RT 90 Coordinate system [cited 2009 Mar 31]. Available from http://www.lantmateriet.se\n20. V ogler AJ, Birdsell D, Price LB, Bowers JR, Beckstrom-Sternberg \nSM, Auerbach RK, et al. Phylogeography of Francisella tularensis : \nglobal expansion of a highly fi t clone. J Bacteriol. 2009;191:2474–\n84. DOI: 10.1128/JB.01786-08\n21. Petersen JM, Carlson JK, Dietrich G, Eisen RJ, Coombs J, Janusz \nAM, et al. Multiple Francisella tularensis subspecies and clades, \ntularemia outbreak, Utah. Emerg Infect Dis. 2008;14:1928–30. DOI: 10.3201/eid1412.080482\n22. Farlow J, Wagner DM, Dukerich M, Stanley M, Chu M, Kubota K, \net al. Francisella tularensis in the United States. Emerg Infect Dis. \n2005;11:1835–41.\n23. Staples JE, Kubota KA, Chalcraft LG, Mead PS, Petersen JM. \nEpidemiologic and molecular analysis of human tularemia, United States, 1964–2004. Emerg Infect Dis. 2006;12:1113–8.\n1946 Emerging Infectious Diseases • www.cdc.gov/eid • Vol. 15, No. 12, December 2009 Tularemia Outbreaks in Sweden\n24. Kugeler KJ, Mead PS, Janusz AM, Staples JE, Kubota KA, Chal-\ncraft LG, et al. Molecular epidemiology of Francisella tularen-\nsis in the United States. Clin Infect Dis. 2009;48:863–70. DOI: \n10.1086/597261\n25. Larsson P, Elfsmark D, Svensson K, Wikström P, Forsman M, Bret-\ntin T, et al. Molecular evolutionary consequences of niche restriction in Francisella tularensis , a facultative intracellular pathogen. PLoS \nPathog. 2009;5:e1000472. DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1000472\n26. Alland D, Whittam TS, Murray MB, Cave MD, Hazbon MH, Dix K, \net al. Modeling bacterial evolution with comparative-genome-based marker systems: application to Mycobacterium tuberculosis evolu-\ntion and pathogenesis. J Bacteriol. 2003;185:3392–9. DOI: 10.1128/JB.185.11.3392-3399.2003\n27. Pearson T, Busch JD, Ravel J, Read TD, Rhoton SD, U’Ren JM, \net al. Phylogenetic discovery bias in Bacillus anthracis using sin-\ngle-nucleotide polymorphisms from whole-genome sequencing. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2004;101:13536–41. DOI: 10.1073/pnas.040384410128. Becker N, Petric´ D, Zgomba M, Boase C, Dahl C, Lane J, et al. \nMosquitoes and their control. London: Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers; 2003.\n29. Schäfer ML, Lundström JO, Petersson E. Comparison of mosquito \n(Diptera: Culicidae ) populations by wetland type and year in the lower \nriver Dalälven region, Central Sweden. J Vector Ecol. 2008;33:150–7. DOI: 10.3376/1081-1710(2008)33[150:COMDCP]2.0.CO;2\n30. Pavlovsky E. Natural nidality of transmissible diseases. Urbana (IL): \nUniversity of Illinois Press; 1966.\n31. Goethert HK, Telford SR III. Nonrandom distribution of vector ticks \n(Dermacentor variabilis ) infected by Francisella tularensis. PLoS \nPathog. 2009;5:e1000319. DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1000319\nAddress for correspondence: Anders Johansson, Department of Clinical \nMicrobiology, Infectious Diseases, Umeå University Hospital, SE-901 85 Umeå, Sweden; email: anders.johansson@climi.umu.se\n Emerging Infectious Diseases • www.cdc.gov/eid • Vol. 15, No. 12, December 2009 1947 \n The emerging tick-borne pathogen Anaplasma phago-\ncytophilum is under increasing scrutiny for the existence of \nsubpopulations that are adapted to different natural cycles. Here, we characterized the diversity of A. phagocytophilum \ngenotypes circulating in a natural system that includes mul-tiple hosts and at least 2 tick species, Ixodes ricinus and the \nsmall mammal specialist I. trianguliceps . We encountered \nnumerous genotypes, but only 1 in rodents, with the remain-der limited to deer and host-seeking I. ricinus ticks. The ab-\nsence of the rodent-associated genotype from host-seeking I. ricinus ticks was notable because we demonstrated that \nrodents fed a large proportion of the I. ricinus larval popula-\ntion and that these larvae were abundant when infections caused by the rodent-associated genotype were prevalent. These observations are consistent with the conclusion that genotypically distinct subpopulations of A. phagocytophilum \nare restricted to coexisting but separate enzootic cycles and suggest that this restriction may result from speci fi c vector \ncompatibility.\nThe tick-transmitted bacterium Anaplasma phagocyto-\nphilum is the causative agent of granulocytic anaplas-\nmosis, an infection of medical and veterinary importance that is widely encountered across the temperate zones of the Northern Hemisphere ( 1–3). Although considerable ef-\nfort has been put into determining the natural diversity of A. \nphagocytophilum (4–6), our understanding of ecologic and \nevolutionary processes that underlie this diversity remains far from complete. A. phagocytophilum has been detected \nin the blood of a wide range of mammals and in several different Ixodes species, which suggests that it is a general-\nist parasite with the capacity to exploit multiple hosts and vectors ( 1–3,5–9). However, evidence for the existence of \nsubpopulations that are adapted to speci fi c reservoir host \nspecies has recently been forthcoming ( 7,9,10), and these \nsubpopulations appear to possess differing potential to be a public health threat ( 7,9,10). This phenomenon has also \nbeen described within another tick-borne generalist species complex, Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato ( 11) and, more \nrecently, within the 1 generalist member of this complex, B. burgdorferi sensu strictu ( 12,13). As yet, no evidence \nhas shown that subpopulations of either A. phagocytophi-\nlum or B. burgdorferi have adapted to different Ixodes spe-\ncies as vectors.\nKnowledge of the existence of host- or vector-adapted \nsubpopulations is important given the public health con-sequences of multivector transmission by these pathogens. For example, we and other researchers ( 14–19) have hy-\npothesized that pathogen populations maintained in ef-fi cient tick-rodent cycles by nidicolous (nest-living and \nhost-specialist) ticks, such as I. trianguliceps in the Unit-\ned Kingdom and I. spinipalpis and I. minor in the United \nStates, could spill over into the human population due to the co-occurrence of sympatric exophilic (and human-bit-ing) tick species such as I. ricinus in the United Kingdom \nand I. paci fi cus and I. scapularis in the United States.\nThe purpose of this study was to characterize the di-\nversity of A. phagocytophilum strains circulating in a natu-\nral multihost, multivector system and to determine whether \nthe observed diversity had any ecologic basis. We obtained compelling evidence to support the proposition that differ-ent subpopulations of A. phagocytophilum exploit different \ntick and mammal species and, as a result, occur in discrete enzootic cycles even though both vectors and hosts are sympatric.Delineating Anaplasma \nphagocytophilum Ecotypes in \nCoexisting, Discrete Enzootic Cycles\nKevin J. Bown, Xavier Lambin, Nicholas H. Ogden, Michael Begon, Gill Telford, Zerai Woldehiwet, \nand Richard J. BirtlesRESEARCH\n1948 Emerging Infectious Diseases • www.cdc.gov/eid • Vol. 15,No. 12, December 2009Author af fi liations: University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK (K.J. Bown, \nM. Begon, Z. Woldehiwet, R.J. Birtles); University of Aberdeen, Ab-erdeen, UK (X. Lambin, G. Telford); and Public Health Agency of Canada, Saint-Hyacinthe, Quebec, Canada (N.H. Ogden)\n \nDOI: 10.3201/eid1512.090178 Delineating A. phagocytophilum Ecotypes\nMaterials and Methods\nNatural Multihost, Multivector Study System\nKielder Forest is a managed plantation forest domi-\nnated by Sitka and Norway spruce that covers 620 km2 \nin northern England (55°13 ′N, 2°33′W). The harvesting \nof timber generates clearcut areas of 5–12 ha, which are subsequently replanted and progress through grassland and the thicket stage after 12–15 years. The most abundant mammal species encountered within clearcut areas is the fi eld vole ( Microtus agrestis ), which exhibits multiannual \npopulation cycles in which densities can reach >700/ha (20). Roe deer ( Capreolus capreolus ) are also abundant at \nan estimated density of 3 deer/km\n2 across the forest and are \nfrequent visitors to clearcut areas ( 21). The presence of I. \nricinus and I. trianguliceps ticks in clearcut areas has been \ndocumented ( 18,19).\nMonitoring of Host and Vector Populations\nProtocols for the handling and sampling of wild rodents \nwere approved by the University of Liverpool Committee on Research Ethics and were conducted in compliance with the terms and conditions of licenses awarded under the UK Government Animals (Scienti fi c Procedures) Act, \n1986. Voles were trapped at 4-week intervals from March 2004 through November 2005 (excepting December 2004 and February 2005) at 4 principal study sites that were 3.5 km–12 km apart. Each animal captured was processed as described previously and a blood sample was taken from the tail tip ( 19). Voles were examined for ticks, with all \nlarvae being removed and stored in 70% ethanol for iden-tifi cation ( 22,23) before releasing the animal at the point \nof capture. Nymph and adult ticks were not removed to minimize any effect on the transmission of tick-borne in-fections, which were being studied as part of an extensive longitudinal program. Host-seeking I. ricinus nymphs and \nadults were collected at monthly intervals from the princi-pal study sites from March 2004 through September 2005 as previously described ( 19) and from 17 additional sites \nwidely distributed across the Kielder Forest District. Col-lected ticks were stored and identi fi ed as described above. \nRoe deer blood samples were collected from January 2004 through July 2006 from animals culled throughout the for-est and stored in EDTA-containing tubes at –20°C.\nHost Bloodmeal Source Identi fi cation\nThe relative importance of different species as hosts \nfor I. ricinus larvae was determined as previously described \n(24). Probes for the following taxa were used: Myodes spp., \nApodemus spp., Microtus agrestis , Sciurus spp., Sorex \naraneus , Meles meles , and C. capreolus, together with a \ngeneric bird probe ( 24).Monitoring of A. phagocytophilum Genotypes\nCrude nucleic acid extracts were prepared from blood \nsamples and host-seeking I. ricinus nymphs as previously \ndescribed ( 11). The presence of A. phagocytophilum DNA \nin each extract was assessed by a real-time PCR ( 25).\nGenotyping of A. phagocytophilum strains exploited \nsequence variation at 3 genetic loci, 16S rDNA, msp4, and \nDOV1. Fragments of msp4 and 16SrDNA were ampli fi ed \nand analyzed as described ( 18,25). DOV1 is a noncoding \nregion of ≈275 bp lying immediately downstream of a pre-\nviously described variable number tandem repeat (VNTR) locus ( 6). Ampli fi cation of this locus was achieved by using \nseminested PCR. The fi rst round of ampli fi cation contained \n10 ρmol of each of the primers DOV1f (5 ′-GAT CTA TGA \nATT GCY RGT GTT ATA-3 ′) and DOV1r1 (5 ′-ACA TTG \nTCA ATT TCT CAC CAT-3 ′), 12.5 μL of 2× Master Mix \n(Abgene, Epsom, UK), 1 μL of nucleic acid extract and \nsterile H\n2O to a fi nal volume of 25 μL, which was subjected \nto a thermal program of 95°C for 3 min, then 35 cycles of 95°C for 10 s, 58°C for 10 s, and 72°C for 50 s, then a fi nal extension step of 72°C for 5 min. The second round \nof ampli fi cation incorporated 1 μL of fi rst-round product \ninto a reaction containing 10 ρmol of each of the primers \nDOV1f and DOV1r2 (5 ′-CAA YRC ACR YAC ATT TCT \nAGG A-3 ′), 22.5 μL of Reddymix (ABgene), made up to \na fi nal volume of a 25 μL with sterile H\n2O. This reaction \nmix was subjected to the same thermal program as used for the fi rst round of ampli fi cation. DOV1 amplicons were se-\nquenced directly by using the second round primers. DNA sequences from all 3 loci studied were veri fi ed, assembled \nand aligned by using Chromas Pro (Technelysium Pty Ltd, Tewantin, Queensland, Australia) and MEGA4 software (26). Sequence similarity calculations and phylogenetic in-\nferences were conducted by using MEGA4 software ( 26).\nResults\nMonitoring of Host and Vector Populations\nA total of 2,926 blood samples from 1,503 voles at \nthe 4 study sites was obtained. Similar numbers of voles were encountered at each site and the population size at all sites fl uctuated in a broadly synchronous manner, in \nkeeping with the well-documented seasonal and multian-nual population cycles ( 27). A. phagocytophilum DNA was \ndetected in 183 (6.3%) of the blood samples, representing 157 (10.4%) of individual animals tested. Except for the bacterium being seemingly absent from 1 site in 2004, the seasonal variation in prevalence of infection was similar at all sites, with infections disappearing over winter, before reappearing in the spring and persisting until late autumn (Figure 1, panel A).\nOf the 3,378 ticks that were recorded on the sur-\nveyed voles, 83.6% (2,823) were larvae, 13.4% (454) were \n Emerging Infectious Diseases • www.cdc.gov/eid • Vol. 15, No. 12, December 2009 1949 RESEARCH\nnymphs, and 2.9% (101) adults. Approximately equal \nnumbers of I. ricinus (1,618, 57.3%) and I. trianguliceps \n(1,205, 42.7%) were identi fi ed among the larvae, the sea-\nsonal dynamics of which are shown in Figure 1, panel B. I. \nricinus larvae were most abundant in late spring/early sum-\nmer, whereas I. trianguliceps larvae were most abundant in \nlate autumn. The dramatic spike in the number of I. ricinus \nlarvae recorded in May 2005 resulted from a small number of voles at one of our principal study sites having an ex-tremely high number of larvae. Although nymph and adult ticks were not removed from voles (so could not be identi-fi ed to species), their numbers were recorded. Of relevance \nto this study, virtually no nymphs or adults were observed on voles between November and April (Figure 1, panel B). The absence of the life stages that are capable transmitters of A. phagocytophilum underlies the disappearance of in-\nfections in voles during winter.\nBlood samples were collected from 279 roe deer and \nA. phagocytophilum DNA was detected in 132 (47.3%) \nof these samples. Infections were detected throughout the year, with infection prevalence consistently high during the late spring/early summer of the years surveyed (Figure 2).\nIn total, 4,984 nymphs, 680 adult males, and 656 adult \nfemale host-seeking I. ricinus ticks were collected by drag-ging. The seasonal dynamics of both life stages have been \npresented elsewhere ( 19). A. phagocytophilum DNA was de-\ntected in 30 of 4,256 nymphs tested (0.7%), 9 of 263 adult females (3.4%) and 8 of 321 adult males (2.5%). Infected nymphs were encountered at 10 different sites. Infected host-seeking nymphs were collected during the same dragging session on only 8 occasions, suggesting that, for the most part, infected nymphs had fed on different animals.\nHost Bloodmeal Source Identi fi cation\nBloodmeal source identi fi cation was attempted on 399 \nhost-seeking I. ricinus nymphs and unambiguous results \nwere obtained for 105 ticks (26.3%). These ticks were ob-tained from dragging sessions throughout 2004 (87 ticks) and 2005 (18 ticks) from the 4 principal study sites. Sixty-two (59.0%) showed evidence of having fed on voles as larvae, 18 (17.1%) fed on birds, 15 (14.3%) fed on deer, and the remaining 10 (9.5%) fed on small mammal species other than fi eld voles.\nMonitoring of A. phagocytophilum Genotypes\nComparison of partial 16S rDNA sequences ob-\ntained from 5 infected voles and 5 infected deer showed 4 highly similar (>99%) sequence types. All voles were infected with a sequence type that was identical to one previously associated with various ruminant species (e.g., Old Sourhope, GenBank AY176591). Three 16S rDNA se-quence types were obtained from the deer samples, 2 of which had been previously reported associated with a vari-ety of animals and tick species across the Northern Hemi-sphere (e.g., GenBank AF481850 and AJ242783), but the third sequence type was new. Although comparison of 16S rDNA sequence types was useful in con fi rming that detect-\ned DNAs were derived from strains of A. phagocytophilum , \nthe insensitivity of this locus for intraspecies delineation led us to attempt sequence typing on the basis of a more variable locus, msp4 (6,28). \n1950 Emerging Infectious Diseases • www.cdc.gov/eid • Vol. 15, No. 12, December 2009\nFigure 1. Prevalence of Anaplasma phagocytophilum infection \nin fi eld voles (A) and of infestation of Ixodes ricinus tick larvae \n(black line), I. trianguliceps tick larvae (red line), and I. ricinus /I. \ntrianguliceps adult females and nymphs (blue line) on fi eld voles \n(B) during March 2004–November 2005. Error bars represent exact binomial 95% con fi dence intervals (A) or SEM (B).\nFigure 2. Number of Anaplasma phagocytophilum –infected (black \nbars) and uninfected (gray bars) animals encountered among Kielder Forest District roe deer sampled during January 2004–July 2006. Delineating A. phagocytophilum Ecotypes\nUnambiguous sequence data were obtained from am-\nplicons derived from 45 infected roe deer, 48 infected voles, and 21 infected host-seeking I. ricinus nymphs and adults. \nFor each host or vector, the samples came from across the range of sites, seasons and years of study. Seven msp4 se-\nquence types were obtained from infected roe deer. One sequence type was detected in most (30) samples. This and a second sequence type had previously been encountered among European deer, while the 5 remaining sequence types were new. Four msp4 sequence types were encoun-\ntered among the infected host-seeking I. ricinus ticks, all \nof which were also detected in roe deer. The most com-monly encountered sequence type, which infected 17 ticks, was the same as that found most frequently among infected deer. The partial msp4 sequences obtained from 48 infected \nfi eld voles were all indistinguishable from one another. \nPhylogenetic analysis, based on an alignment of the \n50 A. phagocytophilum msp4 sequence types present in \nGenBank (as of August 1, 2008), the 6 new alleles re-ported in this study, and homologous sequences avail-able for the closely related species A. marginale and A. \ncentrale , was used to infer the relative evolutionary po-\nsitions of the A. phagocytophilum strains encountered in \nthis study. The 5 new sequence types obtained from roe deer and host-seeking I. ricinus ticks lay within a cluster \nof closely related sequence types that also included the 2 other sequence types recovered from roe deer and I. rici-\nnus ticks that had been previously encountered elsewhere \n(Figure 3). This well-supported cluster comprised 50 of the 53 A. phagocytophilum msp4 sequence types report-\ned to date and was characterized by short intersequence type evolutionary distances and included strains associ-ated with wild and domesticated ruminants, companion animals, and humans. \nThree A. phagocytophilum sequence types lay outside \nthis cluster (Figure 3) and included types speci fi cally asso-\nciated with voles in this study, one associated with Chinese rodents (ZJ-China) ( 8), and one obtained from an infected \nroe deer in Germany (“roe deer”) ( 5). The evolutionary \ndistances between these 3 sequence types were markedly longer than those between the sequence types within the large cluster, and although maximum parsimony analysis indicated a shared line of descent for the vole-associated and roe deer–associated sequence types, this branching order was not strongly supported when distance matrix– or minimum evolution–based methods of inference were used, and no approach suggested a clustering of either of these sequence types with ZJ-China.\nExamination of DOV1 sequences supported the msp4 -\nbased analysis. Unambiguous DOV1 sequences were ob-tained from DNA extracts derived from 8 infected deer, 6 infected fi eld voles, and 14 host-seeking I. ricinus ticks. A total of 13 different DOV1 sequence types were obtained; \nall infected voles yielded the same sequence type, whereas infected deer yielded 5 different sequence types, and infect-ed host-seeking ticks yielded 9 different sequence types. Two sequence types were associated with both deer- and host-seeking I. ricinus ticks. Phylogenetic analysis inferred \nthat DOV1 sequence types associated with deer and host-seeking I. ricinus ticks were closely related to one another, \nwhereas sequence types associated with voles had mark-edly diverged (Figure 4). This phylogeny is congruent with that derived from msp4 data.\n Emerging Infectious Diseases • www.cdc.gov/eid • Vol. 15, No. 12, December 2009 1951 Horse-31 AY706390\nSL-3537 (iii) EF442004\n6022-05-7 (K) EU240475\n6023-05-7 (M) EU240477\n6025-09-8 (O) EU240479\n6023-16-8 (N) EU240478\nZW-122 (viii) EF442009\nBison-12 AY706388\n6036-16-8 (V) EU240486\nAC-804 (iv) EF442005\nSRD-139 EU180063\n6021-21-6 (H) EU240472\n6026-27-6 (Q) EU240481\n6046-23-8 (X) EU240488\nAP-V1 AY530197\nHZ AY530194\nMRK AY530196\nWI-H1 AY530195\nSRD-150 EU180064\nSRD-097 EU180059\n6021-16-8 (J) EU240474\n6022-23-8 (L) EU240476\nSL-0474 (ii) EF442003\nSRD-151 EU180065\n6020-27-6 (G) EU240471\n6025-16-8 (P) EU240480\n6022-16-5 (E) EU240469\nZW-144 (x) EF442011\n6028-09-8 (R) EU240482\n6046-09-8 (W) EU240487\n6018-16-8 (C) EU240467\n6018-02-8 (B) EU240466\nSpRD100 EU067342, rAP (7)\nrAP (4) FJ469650\nrAP (3) FJ469649\nrAP (2) FJ469648\nSRD-082 EU180066, rAP (1)\nD-399 (xi) EF442012\n6019-09-8 (F) EU240470\n6029-27-6 (T) EU240484\n6021-02-8 (I) EU240473\n6028-23-8 (S) EU240483\nSRD-089 EU180058\nSRD-118 EU180060\n6018-05-7 (A) EU240465\nSRD-130 EU180062\nOvine-5 AY706391\nCairn (v) EF442006\n6018-23-8 (D) EU240468\nPR (vii) EF442008\n6032-09-8 (U) EU240485\nrAP (6) FJ469652\nrAP (5) FJ469651\nRoe deer AY706386\ntAP FJ469653\nZJ-China EU008082\nAnaplasma centrale (Israel) AY054383\nAnaplasma marginale (Oklahoma) \nAY010252100\n515387566786\n8370\n7060\n539259\n58\n60\n51\n0.025\nFigure 3. Phylogenetic tree inferred from alignment of Anaplasma \nphagocytophilum msp4 sequences obtained in this study or available \nfrom GenBank. Inference was made by using the neighbor-joining algorithm. The stability of proposed branching order was assessed by bootstrapping (1,000 replicates). At nodes present in >50% of replicates, the percentage of replicates possessing the node is indicated. The GenBank accession numbers of the new msp4 \nsequences obtained during this study (in boldface ) are included \nin the strain designations. rAP sequence types were detected in questing Ixodes ricinus ticks and roe deer, and the tAP sequence \ntype was detected in voles. Scale bar indicates nucleotide substitutions per site. RESEARCH\nDiscussion\nAlthough considerable effort has been put into explor-\ning the genetic diversity of A. phagocytophilum (4–6), the \npublic and veterinary health value of this endeavor has been limited by the failure to identify an ecologic basis for the genotypic variation encountered. Recent studies in the United States have begun to resolve this problem, with the identi fi cation of apparent host-preference ecotypes among \ndifferent 16S rDNA sequence types of A. phagocytophi-\nlum (7,9,10). One particular sequence type, referred to \nas Ap-variant 1, appears to exploit only white tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus ) as a reservoir host, whereas other \nvariants, including that associated with human granulocytic anaplasmosis (Ap-ha), exploit white-footed mice ( Pero-\nmyscus leucopus ), a species that has long been implicated \nas a important reservoir for A. phagocytophilum in North \nAmerica ( 29). In Europe, the epidemiology of A. phago-\ncytophilum infections appears to be quite different from \nthat in the United States. Although far fewer human cases have been reported, infections in livestock are common and represent a large fi nancial burden to the industry ( 30). \nSurveys of strains infecting European livestock and wild-living ungulates have found numerous 16S rDNA sequence types, including Ap-ha and Ap-variant 1 ( 6,31), indicating \nthat this locus is not a marker of the same A. phagocyto-\nphilum ecotypes present in the USA. In this study we have \nbegun to unravel the ecologic signi fi cance of the genetic \ndiversity present among European A. phagocytophilum \nstrains by genotyping strains circulating in a natural multi-host, multi-vector system and correlating the genotypes we encountered with the provenance of the characterized \nstrains. Our efforts have resulted in the discovery that fi eld \nvoles serve as a reservoir host for a unique genotype of the species that has markedly diverged from those genotypes encountered in wild roe deer and host-seeking I. ricinus \nnymphs and adults. This discovery is incompatible with the hypothesis that voles, I. ricinus ticks, and roe deer are all \npart of the same enzootic cycle but instead provides com-pelling evidence for at least two co-existing yet distinct en-zootic cycles, one involving roe deer as hosts and I. ricinus \nticks as vectors and another with fi eld voles as hosts. As \nwe have previously reported, A. phagocytophilum can be \nmaintained in the absence of I. ricinus ticks in a natural \ncycle involving small mammals and I. trianguliceps ticks \n(32), and that, even when present in abundance, I. ricinus \nticks do not play a major role in this cycle ( 19). I. triangu-\nliceps ticks, which occur abundantly in our study system, \nare almost certainly a component of the enzootic cycle that includes fi eld voles.\nThe results of our study are not compatible with the \nhypothesis that pathogen populations maintained in an en-zootic rodent–nidicolous tick cycle could spill over into humans or livestock because of the co-occurrence of sym-patric exophilic tick species ( 14\n–19). Through the use of \nhost bloodmeal source identi fi cation, we demonstrated that \nI. ricinus larvae had ample opportunity to acquire A. phago-\ncytophilum infection from voles (over half the questing I. \nricinus nymphs we tested fed on voles as larvae). However, \nwe found no evidence of the vole-associated genotype in host-seeking I. ricinus nymphs. This result suggests that, I. \nricinus larvae are, at best, inef fi cient vectors of the vole-\nassociated A. phagocytophilum genotype, thereby osten-\nsibly removing the potential “bridge” out of the enzootic cycle that includes voles and I. trianguliceps . Notably, we \ndid not detect deer/ I. ricinus tick–associated A. phagocyto-\nphilum genotypes in voles despite previously observing I. \nricinus nymphs feeding on these hosts ( 25). Because we did \nnot remove nymph or adult ticks infesting our surveyed ro-dents in this study, we were unable to distinguish between I. ricinus and I. trianguliceps ticks, so were unable to gauge \nthe frequency with which the former were encountered, al-though we believe that most nymphs on fi eld voles are I. tri-\nanguliceps (18). Thus, this absence may result either from \nvoles not being susceptible to deer/ I. ricinus –associated \ngenotypes or simply because encounters between infected I. \nricinus nymphs and voles occur only rarely.\nAlthough vector specialization by arthropod-transmit-\nted pathogens is common ( 33), many of those that are tick-\ntransmitted exploit more than 1 species ( 15–19).Also, clear \nevidence exists for local adaptation, whereby pathogens exhibit greater infectivity in local vector populations than those that are geographically distinct ( 34,35), although this \nphenomenon was not encountered for A. phagocytophilum \n1952 Emerging Infectious Diseases • www.cdc.gov/eid • Vol. 15, No. 12, December 2009Roe deer 9903 \nQuesting I. ricinus nymph 1330156 \nQuesting I. ricinus Ƃ1330021 \nQuesting I. ricinus ƃKRB006\nQuesting I. ricnus Ƃ1330212\nQuesting I. ricinus nymph BBH0754\nRoe deer 3420 \nRoe deer 0040 \nRoe deer 9943\nQuesting I. ricinus ƃSGS0082\nQuesting I. ricinus nymph BLB9742\nRoe deer 0010\nRoe deer 0035\nRoe deer 9946 \nRoe deer 9954\nQuesting I. ricinus nymph WBN0271\nQuesting I. ricinus nymph 1330051\nQuesting I. ricinus ƃBLB-0262\nQuesting I. ricinus nymph 599-009\nQuesting I. ricinus nymph 133-0173 \nQuesting I. ricinus ƂBLB-0068\nQuesting I. ricinus ƃQRY-0040 \nField vole 2168\nField vole 2667\nField vole 2082\nField vole 2257\nField vole 2528\nField vole 2781100949353878980\n7492\n55\n78\n0.01\nFigure 4. Phylogenetic tree inferred from alignment of Anaplasma \nphagocytophilum DOV1 sequence types obtained in this study. \nInference was made by using the neighbor-joining algorithm. The stability of proposed branching order was assessed by bootstrapping (1,000 replicates). At nodes present in >50% of replicates, the percentage of replicates possessing the node is indicated. The DOV1 sequences obtained in this study have been deposited in GenBank under the accession nos. FJ469653–FJ469666. Scale bar indicates nucleotide substitutions per site. Delineating A. phagocytophilum Ecotypes\n(36). We report evidence for the adaptation of different \ngenotypes of the same pathogen species to transmission by different but co-existing vector species. We are planning laboratory transmission studies to determine the extent to which this adaptation represents complete specialization of genotype to vector. Nonetheless, the data we have al-ready obtained from our fi eld studies provide a clear insight \ninto the ecologic consequences of this adaptation; in other words, of what is, rather than what may be, happening. A. \nphagocytophilum has a wide geographic distribution, and \nnumerous members of the Ixodes genus have been impli-\ncated in its transmission. Thus, plenty of scope remains for further exploration of vector speci fi city by subpopulations \nof the pathogen. The transmission of A. phagocytophilum \nin the laboratory has been reported ( 29) and, subsequently, \nefforts have been made to examine interstrain variation in the dynamics of this process ( 37). These include a demon-\nstration that strains from the western United States that are naturally transmitted by I. paci fi cus ticks can be transmitted \nby I. scapularis ticks in the laboratory ( 35), which suggests \nthat not all A. phagocytophilum strains have adapted to ex-\nploit only a single vector species. In addition, I. scapularis \nserves as a vector for both Ap-ha and Ap-variant 1, the 2 A. phagocytophilum genotypes that possess different host \nspecifi cities ( 7,9,10). These observations, taken together \nwith those made in the current study, provoke the conclu-sion that although the species as a whole can be considered a generalist, A. phagocytophilum embraces a consortium of \ndistinct ecotypes that have evolved a range of strategies to facilitate their own perpetuation. Whether host or vector specialization is the more commonly adopted strategy re-mains to be explored.\nFrom an infection control perspective, it is important \nto recognize that cryptic transmission cycles of tick-borne pathogens maintained by nidicolous ticks have substantial human and veterinary health risk implications when sym-patric exophilic tick vectors act as a bridge to potentiate human or livestock infections. However, our study shows the value of a more profound understanding of the diver-sity of the transmission cycles and pathogens on which to base estimation of the environmental health hazard: discrete co-existing transmission cycles can be associated with dilution of the abundance of tick-borne pathogens when, at fi rst sight, an augmentation would be the expect-\ned outcome.\nAcknowledgments\nWe thank The Forestry Commission for granting access to \ntheir land and for their continuing support, particularly, in this in-stance, with the collection of samples from deer. We acknowledge the excellent laboratory technical support of Gill Hutchinson and assistance in the fi eld from Roslyn Anderson, Pablo Beldomenico, \nGemma Chaloner, Lukasz Lukomski, and Jenny Rogers.This study was funded by the Wellcome Trust (project grant \n070675/Z/03/Z).\nDr Bown is a senior research associate in the Faculty of \nVeterinary Science at the University of Liverpool. His interests include the ecology and epidemiology of tick-borne infections.\nReferences\n 1. Bakken JS, Dumler S. Human granulocytic anaplasmosis. Infect Dis \nClin North Am. 2008;22:433–48. DOI: 10.1016/j.idc.2008.03.011\n 2. Woldehiwet Z. Anaplasma phagocytophilum in ruminants in \nEurope. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2006;1078:446–60. DOI: 10.1196/annals.1374.084\n 3. Ohashi N, Inayoshi M, Kitamura K, Kawamori F, Kawaguchi D, \nNishimura Y , et al. Anaplasma phagocytophilum –infected ticks, Ja-\npan. Emerg Infect Dis. 2005;11:1780–3.\n 4. Dumler JS, Asanovich KM, Bakken JS. Analysis of genetic identity \nof North American Anaplasma phagocytophilum strains by pulsed-\nfi eld gel electrophoresis. J Clin Microbiol. 2003;41:3392–4. DOI: \n10.1128/JCM.41.7.3392-3394.2003\n 5. de la Fuente J, Massung RF, Wong SJ, Chu FK, Lutz H, Meli M, et \nal. Sequence analysis of the msp4 gene of Anaplasma phagocyto-\nphilum strains. J Clin Microbiol. 2005;43:1309–17. DOI: 10.1128/\nJCM.43.3.1309-1317.2005\n 6. Bown KJ, Lambin X, Ogden NH, Petrovec M, Shaw SE, Woldehiwet \nZ, et al. High-resolution genetic fi ngerprinting of European strains \nof Anaplasma phagocytophilum by use of multilocus variable-num-\nber tandem-repeat analysis. J Clin Microbiol. 2007;45:1771–6. DOI: 10.1128/JCM.00365-07\n 7. Massung RF, Mauel MJ, Owens JH, Allan N, Courtney JW, Stafford \nIII, et al. Genetic variants of Ehrlichia phagocytophila , Rhode island \nand Connecticut. Emerg Infect Dis. 2002;8:467–72.\n 8. Zhan L, Cao WC, de Vlas S, Xie SY , Zhang PH, Wu XM, et al. A \nnewly discovered Anaplasma phagocytophilum variant in rodents \nfrom southeastern China. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis. 2008;8:369–80. DOI: 10.1089/vbz.2007.0211\n 9. Massung RF, Courtney JW, Hiratzka SL, Pitzer VE, Smith G, Dryden \nRL. Anaplasma phagocytophilum in white-tailed deer. Emerg Infect \nDis. 2005;11:1604–6.\n10. Massung RF, Priestley RA, Miller NJ, Mather TN, Levin ML. In-\nability of a variant strain of Anaplasma phagocytophilum to infect \nmice. J Infect Dis. 2003;188:1757–63. DOI: 10.1086/379725\n11. Kurtenbach K, Peacey M, Rijpkema SG, Hoodless AN, Nuttall PA, \nRandolph SE. Differential transmission of the genospecies of Bor-\nrelia burgdorferi sensu lato by game birds and small rodents in Eng-\nland. Appl Environ Microbiol. 1998;64:1169–74.\n12. Brisson D, Dykhuizen DE. ospC diversity in Borrelia burgdorferi : \ndifferent hosts are different niches. Genetics. 2004;168:713–22. DOI: 10.1534/genetics.104.028738\n13. Dykhuizen DE, Brisson D, Sandigursky S, Wormser GP, Nowa-\nkowski J, Nadelman RB, et al. The propensity of different Borrelia \nburgdorferi sensu stricto genotypes to cause disseminated infections \nin humans. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2008;78:806–10.\n14. Gern L, Aeschlimann A. A seroepidemic investigation in 2 habitats \nof babesiosis in small rodents in Switzerland. Schweiz Arch Tier-heilkd. 1986;128:587–600.\n15. Brown RN, Lane RS. Lyme disease in California: a novel enzootic \ntransmission cycle of Borrelia burgdorferi. Science. 1992;256:1439–\n42. DOI: 10.1126/science.1604318\n16. Zeidner NS, Burkot TR, Massung R, Nicholson WL, Dolan MC, \nRutherford JS, et al. Transmission of the agent of human granulo-cytic ehrlichiosis by Ixodes spinipalpis ticks: evidence of an enzo-\notic cycle of dual infection with Borrelia burgdorferi in Northern \nColorado. J Infect Dis. 2000;182:616–9. DOI: 10.1086/315715\n Emerging Infectious Diseases • www.cdc.gov/eid • Vol. 15, No. 12, December 2009 1953 RESEARCH\n17. Oliver JH Jr, Lin T, Gao L, Clark KL, Banks CW, Durden LA, et \nal. An enzootic transmission cycle of Lyme borreliosis spirochetes in the southeastern United States. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2003;100:11642–5. DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1434553100\n18. Bown KJ, Begon M, Bennett M, Birtles RJ, Burthe S, Lambin X, \net al. Sympatric Ixodes trianguliceps and Ixodes ricinus ticks feed-\ning on fi eld voles ( Microtus agrestis ): potential for increased risk of \nAnaplasma phagocytophilum in the United Kingdom? Vector Borne \nZoonotic Dis. 2006;6:404–10. DOI: 10.1089/vbz.2006.6.404\n19. Bown KJ, Lambin X, Telford GR, Ogden NH, Telfer S, Woldehiwet \nZ, et al. Relative importance of Ixodes ricinus and Ixodes trianguli-\nceps as vectors of Anaplasma phagocytophilum and Babesia microti \nin fi eld vole ( Microtus agrestis ) populations. Appl Environ Micro-\nbiol. 2008;74:7118–25. DOI: 10.1128/AEM.00625-08\n20. Burthe S, Telfer S, Lambin X, Bennett M, Carslake D, Smith A, et \nal. Cowpox virus infection in natural fi eld vole Microtus agrestis \npopulations: delayed density dependence and individual risk. J Anim Ecol. 2006;75:1416–25. DOI: 10. 1111/j.1365-2656.2006.01166.x\n21. McIntosh R, Burlton FWE, McReddie G. Monitoring the density of \na roe deer Capreolus capreolus population subjected to heavy hunt-\ning pressure. For Ecol Manage. 1995;79:99–106. \n22. Arthur DR. British ticks. London: Butterworths; 1963.23. Snow KR. Identi fi cation of larval ticks found on small mammals in \nBritain. Reading (UK): The Mammal Society; 1979.\n24. Humair PF, Douet V , Cadenas FM, Schouls LM, Van De Pol I, Gern L. \nMolecular identi fi cation of bloodmeal source in Ixodes ricinus ticks \nusing 12S rDNA as a genetic marker. J Med Entomol. 2007;44:869–80. DOI: 10.1603/0022-2585(2007)44[869:MIOBSI]2.0.CO;2\n25. Courtney JW, Kostelnik LM, Zeidner NS, Massung RF. Multiplex \nreal-time PCR for detection of Anaplasma phagocytophilum and \nBorrelia burgdorferi. J Clin Microbiol. 2004;42:3164–8. DOI: \n10.1128/JCM.42.7.3164-3168.2004\n26. Tamura K, Dudley J, Nei M, Kumar S. MEGA4: Molecular Evolu-\ntionary Genetics Analysis (MEGA) software version 4.0. Mol Biol Evol. 2007;24:1596–9. DOI: 10.1093/molbev/msm092\n27. Lambin X, Petty SJ, MacKinnon JL. Cyclic dynamics in fi eld vole \npopulations and generalist predation. Journal of Animal Ecology. 2000;69:106–18. DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2656.2000.00380.x \n28. Ladbury GA, Stuen S, Thomas R, Bown KJ, Woldehiwet Z, Gran-\nquist EG, et al. Dynamic transmission of numerous Anaplasma \nphagocytophilum genotypes among lambs in an infected sheep \nfl ock in an area of anaplasmosis endemicity. J Clin Microbiol. \n2008;46:1686–91. DOI: 10.1128/JCM.02068-0729. Telford SR III, Dawson JE, Katavolos P, Warner CK, Kolbert CP, \nPersing DH. Perpetuation of the agent of human granulocytic ehrlichiosis in a deer tick–rodent cycle. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1996;93:6209–14. DOI: 10.1073/pnas.93.12.6209\n30. Brodie TA, Holmes PH, Urquhart GM. Some aspects of tick-borne \ndiseases of British sheep. Vet Rec. 1986;118:415–8.\n31. von Loewenich FD, Baumgarten BU, Schröppel K, Geissdörfer W, \nRöllinghoff M, Bogdan C. High diversity of ankA sequences of Ana-\nplasma phagocytophilum among Ixodes ricinus ticks in Germany. J \nClin Microbiol. 2003;41:5033–40. DOI: 10.1128/JCM.41.11.5033-5040.2003\n32. Bown KJ, Begon M, Bennett M, Woldehiwet Z, Ogden NH. Sea-\nsonal dynamics of Anaplasma phagocytophila in a rodent-tick ( Ix-\nodes trianguliceps ) system, United Kingdom. Emerg Infect Dis. \n2003;9:63–70.\n33. Billeter SA, Levy MG, Chomel BB, Breitschwerdt EB. Vector trans-\nmission of Bartonella species with emphasis on the potential for \ntick transmission. Med Vet Entomol. 2008;22:1–15. DOI: 10. 1111/\nj.1365-2915.2008.00713.x\n34. Knox TB, Kay BH, Hall RA, Ryan PA. Enhanced vector compe-\ntence of Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) from the Torres Strait \ncompared with mainland Australia for dengue 2 and 4 viruses. J Med Entomol. 2003;40:950–6.\n35. Joy DA, Gonzalez-Ceron L, Carlton JM, Gueye A, Fay M, Mc-\nCutchan TF, et al. Local adaptation and vector-mediated popu-lation structure in Plasmodium vivax malaria. Mol Biol Evol. \n2008;25:1245–52. DOI: 10.1093/molbev/msn073\n36. Teglas MB, Foley J. Differences in the transmissibility of two Ana-\nplasma phagocytophilum strains by the North American tick vector \nspecies, Ixodes paci fi cus and Ixodes scapularis (Acari: Ixodidae). \nExp Appl Acarol. 2006;38:47–58. DOI: 10.1007/s10493-005-5293-5\n37. Levin ML, Ross DE. Acquisition of different isolates of Ana-\nplasma phagocytophilum by Ixodes scapularis from a mod-\nel animal. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis. 2004;4:53–9. DOI: 10.1089/153036604773082997\nAddress for correspondence: Richard J. Birtles, Department of Veterinary \nPathology, University of Liverpool Leahurst Campus, Chester High Rd, Neston, Cheshire, CH64 7TE, UK; email: rjbirt@liv.ac.uk\n1954 Emerging Infectious Diseases • www.cdc.gov/eid • Vol. 15, No. 12, December 2009Calicivirus\n[kə-lis′ ǐ-vi′′rəs]\nThe name of these members of the Caliciviridae family of nonenveloped RNA viruses re fl ects their structure. \nThey are icosahedral with 32 typical surface depressions that are sometimes described as hollows or cups (from Latin calyx , meaning cup). Feline calicivirus, a member of the genus Vesivirus , causes respiratory disease in \ncats. Members of other genera, Norovirus and Sapovirus , cause gastrointestinal disease in humans.\nSource: Mahy BWJ. The dictionary of virology, 4th edition. London: Elsevier; 2009; Dorland’s illustrated medical dictionary, 31st \nedition. Philadelphia: Saunders; 2007.etymologia etymologia We report a disease outbreak in a Michigan rabbitry \nof a rabbit calicivirus distinct from the foreign animal dis-ease agent, rabbit hemorrhagic disease virus (RHDV). The novel virus has been designated Michigan rabbit calicivirus (MRCV). Caliciviruses of the Lagovirus genus other than \nRHDV have not been described in US rabbit populations. \nThe case-fatality rate was 32.5% (65/200). Clinical signs in-cluded hemorrhage and sudden death, with hepatic necro-sis. Analysis of viral RNA sequence from >95% of the viral genome showed an average similarity of 79% with RHDV. Similarity of the predicted MRCV capsid amino acid se-quence ranged from 89.8% to 91.3%, much lower than the 98% amino acid similarity between RHDV strains. Experi-mentally infected rabbits lacked clinical disease, but MRCV was detected in tissues by PCR. We propose that MRCV primarily causes subclinical infection but may induce overt RHD-like disease under certain fi eld conditions.\nRabbit hemorrhagic disease (RHD) is caused by a cali-\ncivirus and is associated with illness and death in up \nto 90%–100% of susceptible rabbit populations ( 1–3). \nDomestic rabbits ( Oryctolagus cuniculi ) and free-ranging \nEuropean rabbits ( O. cunicuusi ) are highly susceptible; \ncottontail rabbits ( Sylvilagus fl oridanus ) and hares ( Le-\npus spp.) are unaffected. Rabbit hemorrhagic disease vi-\nrus (RHDV) was fi rst detected in China in 1984 ( 4) and \nsubsequently has been described in eastern and western Europe, Asia, South America, Australia, Mexico, and the United Kingdom ( 2,3). In the United States, it is considered a foreign animal disease, and outbreaks are of considerable \neconomic concern to the US rabbit industry. In the Unit-ed States 4 outbreaks of RHD have occurred in domestic, captive rabbits ( O. cuniculi ) since 2000. These cases were \nconfi rmed by inoculation study and reverse transcription–\nPCR (RT-PCR) because the virus is not cultivable in vitro. Subsequent genomic analyses suggested that these inci-dences resulted from separate viral introductions; however, confi rmed points of origin (e.g., imported animal or animal \nproduct) were never identi fi ed (3).\nRHDV is classi fi ed as a Lagovirus within the family \nCaliciviridae . Caliciviridae are nonenveloped, positive- \nsense, single-strand RNA viruses. Within this family are 4 genera: Lagovirus, Vesivirus, Norovirus , and Sapovirus \n(5). In addition to the highly pathogenic RHDV, the La-\ngovirus genus includes several distinct but related viruses \naffecting rabbits or hares. These are European Brown hare syndrome virus (EBHSV), which causes disease similar to RHDV in hares only ( Lepus spp.) ( 6), and the nonpatho-\ngenic rabbit calicivirus (RCV), which causes asymptomatic seroconversion in rabbits ( 7). RCV and EBHSV have not \nbeen reported and lagoviruses other than RHDV have not been described in US rabbit populations, although a low pathogenicity rabbit Vesivirus recently was identi fi ed in \ndomestic rabbits from Oregon ( 8). RHDV affects only rab-\nbits of the Oryctolagus genus which, in the United States, \nis limited to domestic rabbit species. Wild rabbit species in the United States are not experimentally susceptible ( 9). \nSeroprevalence surveys of RHDV or related caliciviruses in US domestic rabbit populations have not, to our knowl-edge, been published.\nBeginning January 1, 2001, and continuing over a \n3-week period, a privately owned New Zealand White ( O. \ncuniculi ) rabbitry in Michigan experienced acute fatalities. Novel Calicivirus Identi fi ed in \nRabbits, Michigan, USA\nIngrid L. Bergin, Annabel G. Wise, Steven R. Bolin, Thomas P. Mullaney, Matti Kiupel, \nand Roger K. Maes\n Emerging Infectious Diseases • www.cdc.gov/eid • Vol. 15, No. 12, December 2009 1955 Author af fi liations: University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, \nUSA (I.L. Bergin); and Michigan State University, Lansing, Michi-gan, USA (A.G. Wise, S.R. Bolin, T.P. Mullaney, M. Kiupel, R.K. Maes)\nDOI: 10.3201/eid1512.090839 RESEARCH\nBefore this episode, the farm had operated for 1.5 years \nwithout notable disease. Approximately 200 rabbits were kept in a closed barn on a 60-acre farm; new rabbits had not been acquired in 18 months. Inappetence in several animals and vulvar hemorrhage in pregnant does were ini-tially noted. A total of 65 rabbits—consisting of 23 adult does (most pregnant), 2 adult bucks, and 41 young rabbits of both sexes—died over ≈3 weeks, for a case-fatality rate \nof 32.5%. Clinical signs consisted of vulvar hemorrhage in the does, epistaxis, ataxia, opisthotonos, diarrhea, ocular discharge, vocalization, and death.\nMaterials and Methods\nBiological Samples\nThree pregnant does (2 live) with vulvar hemorrhage \nwere submitted for diagnostic evaluation on January 3. Eighteen additional rabbits of either sex ranging from 2 through 9 months of age were submitted near the end of the disease outbreak on January 17 and February 2. Animals submitted live were humanely euthanized by intravenous or intraperitoneal injection of pentobarbital (Fatal-Plus, Vortech, Dearborn, MI, USA) at 1 mL per 10 pounds.\nTissue samples from representative organs of all sub-\nmitted rabbits were immersion fi xed in 10% neutral buff-\nered formalin. We processed tissue samples for histopa-thology using standard methods. Transmission electron microscopy was performed on a negatively stained clari fi ed \npooled liver homogenate from 2 of the originally submitted does using standard procedures.\nFor immunohistochemistry, liver sections from an af-\nfected rabbit were deparaf fi nized and rehydrated by routine \nmethods. Antigen retrieval was by proteinase K (Dako, Carpinteria, CA, USA) for 10 min at 37°C. Endogenous per-oxidase was blocked for 15 min with 3% hydrogen perox-ide, and nonspeci fi c immunoglobulin binding was blocked \nby 10 min incubation with a protein-blocking agent (Dako). Guinea pig anti-RHDV VP60 antibody (dilution 1:1,000) provided by Dr. F. Parra ( 10) was applied for 30 min at \nroom temperature in a Dako autostainer. After incubation with rabbit anti–guinea pig immunoglobulin (Ig) G, detec-tion was by a chain polymer conjugated staining procedure (EnVision, Dako) with visualization by AEC (Dako) and Mayer’s hematoxylin counterstaining. Negative controls were homologous (guinea pig) nonimmune serum applied to rabbit liver sections.\nIn Situ Hybridization\nIn situ hybridization was performed as described ( 11). \nBriefl y, liver sections from an affected and an experimental \nrabbit were deparaf fi nized, digested with 0.25% pepsin and \nprehybridized. Hybridization was for 5 min at 105°C and 60 min at 37°C with a speci fi c 3′-end digoxigenin-labeled oligoprobe (5 ′-GAGAGTCGTCTCGGTAGTACCTG-3 ′, \nIDT, Coralville, IA, USA) at 5 μL/1 mL using a commer-\ncial workstation (Fischer Scienti fi c, Pittsburgh, PA, USA). \nDetection was by antidigoxigenin (Boehringer Mannheim Biochemica, Indianapolis, IN, USA) conjugated with al-kaline phosphatase (dilution 1:500, Boehringer Mannheim Biochemica) and the substrates NBT/X-Phos (nitro-blue tetrazolium/5-bromo-4-chloro-3-indolylphosphate, Boeh-ringer Mannheim Biochemica). A non-sense probe was ap-plied to liver sections as negative control.\nBacterial Cultures\nRepresentative tissues from the original 3 does and \n14 subsequently submitted rabbits were cultured by using standard microbiologic techniques. Virus isolation was at-tempted by injection of fi ltered (0.45- μm pore size) 10% \nhomogenate of liver (pooled from 2 of the originally sub-mitted does) in Bovarnik’s buffer onto cultures of RK-13, R9ab, or SIRC cells.\nNucleic Acid Extraction and PCR\nTotal RNA from pooled liver of 2 initially submit-\nted does was extracted with RNeasy Mini Kit (QIAGEN, Inc., Valencia, CA, USA), according to the manufacturer’s guidelines. A 398-bp region of the VP60 (capsid) gene was initially targeted using RHDV-speci fi c primers ( 12). RT-\nPCR was performed on total liver RNA using a One-Step RT-PCR Kit (QIAGEN) with forward and reverse prim-ers, 5′-GTT ACG ACT GTG CAG GCC TAT GAG TT-3 ′ \nand 5′-TTG TTG AGC AGT CCA ATT GTC ACT G-3 ′, \nrespectively, at 0.6 μM in a 50- μL reaction. Cycling condi-\ntions were as follows: cDNA synthesis at 50°C for 30 min; then predenaturation at 95°C for 15 min and 43 cycles of 94°C for 30 sec, 55°C for 30 sec, and 72°C for 1 min; and fi nal extension of 72°C for 10 min. Products were visual-\nized in prestained agarose gels by a UV transillumination. The entire capsid gene ( ≈1.8 kb) was ampli fi ed by using \nprimers based on USA Iowa 2000 RHDV strain (spanning nucleotide positions 5273–7065, GenBank accession no. AF258618). Forward and reverse primers, 5 ′-CGG TAG \nTAC CTG ACG ACG AAT TTG-3 ′ and 5′-GCA AGT CCC \nAGT CCG ATG AAT-3 ′, respectively, were used as above, \nwith the modi fi cation of 35 cycles with 2 min of extension. \nFurther genomic sequencing used primers from conserved RHDV and Michigan rabbit calicivirus (MRCV)–derived sequences (Table) with annealing temperatures 52°C–55°C and extension times 1 min per 1-kb target length. MRCV genomic ends were sequenced using 5 ′ and 3′ RACE Sys-\ntems for Rapid Ampli fi cation of cDNA Ends (Invitrogen, \nCarlsbad, CA, USA). For 5 ′ RACE, cDNA was synthe-\nsized with gene-speci fi c primer, GSP1, 5 ′-ACT GTA CTC \nCCT GGG TGC GAC-3 ′ (MRCV, 2039–2059, minus \nsense) with puri fi cation and dCTP-tailing with TdT. The \n1956 Emerging Infectious Diseases • www.cdc.gov/eid • Vol. 15, No. 12, December 2009 Calicivirus in Rabbits, Michigan\ndC-tailed cDNA was PCR ampli fi ed by using HotStar Taq \nDNA Polymerase Kit (QIAGEN) in a 50- μL reaction with \n5 μL dC-tailed cDNA, 0.5 μM abridged anchor primer, and \ngene-speci fi c primer (GSP2) 5 ′-CAT CGC CGC TGG TGT \nTAA ACT-3 ′ (MRCV, 1662–1682, minus sense) at 95°C \nfor 15 min and 35–45 cycles of 94°C for 30 sec, 55°C for 30 sec, and 72°C for 2 min 30 sec; with fi nal extension \n72°C for 7 min. For 3 ′ RACE, cDNA was synthesized with \nan oligo-dT-containing adapter primer according to the kit manufacturer’s protocol. PCR was performed with gene-specifi c primer, 5 ′-GTT ACG ACT GTG CAG GCC TAT \nGAG TT-3 ′ (the same used in the initial RHDV-speci fi c \nPCR) ( 12) and the kit component abridged universal primer \nwith reaction speci fi cations above.\nSequencing and Sequence Analyses\nRT-PCR amplicons were puri fi ed from 1.4% agarose \ngels by QIAquick Gel Extraction Kit (QIAGEN). PCR products were sequenced by the Research Technology Sup-port Facility of Michigan State University by automated DNA sequencing on an ABI Prism 3100 Genetic Analyzer (Applied Biosystems, Foster City, CA, USA). Long PCR templates were sequenced by using primer-walking with newly synthesized 5 ′ and 3′ primers derived with OLIGO \n6 primer analysis software (Molecular Biology Insights, Cascade, CO, USA). Similar GenBank sequences were detected by BLAST analysis ( 13). Sequence assembly and \nanalyses, including multiple Clustal W (www.ebi.ac.uk/clustalw) sequence alignments and construction of phylog-eny trees, were done with Lasergene software (DNASTAR, Inc., Madison, WI, USA). GenBank accession numbers for complete and partial rabbit caliciviral nucleotide sequenc-es used for phylogenetic analysis are as follows: RHDV strains USA IA00 (AF258618), USA UT01 (EU003582), USA NY01 (EU003581), USA IN05 (EU003579), JX China 97 (DQ205345), China CD (AY523410), China \nWHNRH (DQ280493), Italy 90 (EU003580), Germany FRG (NC001543), China WX84 (AF402614), Mexi-co 89 (AF295785), Spain AST89 (Z49271), Ireland 18 (DQ367359), Italy BS89(X87607), EBHSV (NC002615), RCV (X96868), MRCV (GQ166866).\nInoculation Study\nFourteen 16-week-old male and female, speci fi c \npathogen–free New Zealand White rabbits (Harlan Sprague Dawley, Inc., Indianapolis, IN, USA) were each inoculated intramuscularly, orally, and intranasally with 2 mL total of liver homogenate containing 10\n4–105 PCR detectable \nunits of viral RNA per mL, as determined by PCR assay on serial 10-fold dilutions of RNA extracted from the in-oculum. Homogenate was prepared from frozen ( −80ºC) \nliver from 2 of the originally submitted does. Two control rabbits were in containment housing in the same cage bank but not in direct contact with inoculated rabbits and were not sham inoculated. The rabbits were free of Pasteurella \nmultocida, Bordetella bronchiseptica, Encephalitozoon cu-niculi, Treponema cuniculi, Clostridium piliforme, myxo-\nmatosis virus, RHDV, Toxoplasma spp., and coccidiosis. \nAnimal husbandry was in keeping with the Animal Welfare Act and US Public Health Service policy, and the infec-tion study protocol was approved by the University Animal Care and Use Committee.\nRabbits were monitored for clinical changes and were \nhumanely euthanatized by intravenous pentobarbital injec-tion after 2 (n = 2 control rabbits), 4 (n = 2), or 7 (n = 12) days of infection. Complete necropsies were performed and tissue samples harvested for histology, serology, and RT-PCR. The MRCV capsid encoding region was cloned into a baculovirus expression vector by standard meth-ods, enabling serologic testing by application of serum to \n Emerging Infectious Diseases • www.cdc.gov/eid • Vol. 15, No. 12, December 2009 1957 Table. Primers used in genomic sequencing of Michigan rabbit calicivirus* \nGenomic region(s) spanned Forward and reverse primer pairs (5 ƍ ĺ 3ƍ)† Nucleotide positions in RHDV‡ \nPolymerase-capsid (VP60) ATGCCATGACTCCGATGATGGT (+) R 4835–4856 \n CTTGTTGGTCCACCTGTTG ( í) M 5482–5500 \nPolymerase GCGACTTCTTGTGCTTGGACTAC (+) R 4493–4515 \n GCACCACTCCAACTGTCTGAGAA ( í) M 5027–5049 \nPolymerase GTGACCCAGACAGTGACAAGT (+) R 3929–3949 \n GGCCTATTTCTGCACATGCTT ( í) M 4754–4774 \nProtease-polymerase GCGGTGACCARGGTGTTGATG (+) R 2819–2839 \n GCCGCAGCACGCTCTATGAAT ( í) M 4020–4040 \nVPg-protease AACAAAGCCGTTGAAAGTTGG (+) R 1927–1947 \n TGGCAGCTCTGTTCTTCATTT ( í) M 3119–3139 \nHelicase GAGGTTGTTTGACACGTTTGA (+) R 1089–1109 \n TGTCATATTCACACAGCCCAG ( í) M 2398–2418 \nCapsid (VP60)–ORF-2 GTTACGACAGTGCAGGCCTATG (+) M 6412–6433 \n CTCGCCAGTGGTGTTATAAATC ( í) R 7345–7366 \n*RHDV, rabbit hemorrhagic disease virus; MRCV, Michigan rabbit calicivirus; VP, viral protein; ORF-2, open reading frame 2. \n†RHDV-specific primer denoted by R; MRCV-specific primer denoted by M. \n‡Positions spanned by primer set in RHDV genome (Italy BS89 strain, GenBank accession no. X87607). RESEARCH\nbaculovirus-expressing insect cells and immunoperoxidase \ndetection.\nResults \nGross and Histologic Findings\nThe animals submitted for diagnostic evaluation were \nin good body condition. Several had conjunctival conges-tion (Figure 1) and mild cyanosis of the lips and ear tips before euthanasia. The pregnant does had small amounts of vulvar hemorrhage and cutaneous hyperemia. The gravid uteri in the does had red to purple serosal discoloration with serosanguinous luminal fl uid. Fetuses were in good \ncondition and appeared normal. The livers of all does and 2 of the young adult rabbits were friable and tan and had accentuated lobular pattern (Figure 2). Individual rabbits variably exhibited icterus, opisthotonos, gastric petechiae and ecchymoses (Figure 3), colonic serosal hemorrhage, and multifocal hemorrhage in caudal lung lobes.\nIn the 3 initially submitted does, the major histologic \nfi nding was multifocal random or periportal hepatocellular \nnecrosis (Figure 4). Additionally, we found mild periportal heterophilic (neutrophilic) and lymphoplasmacytic in fl am-\nmation. There were also pulmonary and uterine hemor-rhages with fi brin clots in areas of placental implantation. \nIn the 18 subsequently submitted young adult rabbits, pre-dominant histologic fi ndings were moderate expansion of \nportal tracts with bile duct proliferation, periductal fi brosis, \nand mild periportal lymphoplasmacytic in fl ammation. Five \nrabbits had concurrent heterophilic and bronchopneumo-nia, and 1 had suppurative meningitis.\nInitial Diagnostic Testing\nCaliciviral-like particles were detected in pooled liv-\ner homogenate from 2 of the originally affected does by transmission electron microscopy. On request, the US De-partment of Agriculture Foreign Animal Disease Diagnos-tic Laboratory further tested tissue samples. Results from inoculation testing and RT-PCR using standard primers (3) within the RHDV polymerase region at FADDL were \nnot consistent with RHD, and RHDV was ruled out as the cause of the outbreak.\nUterine cultures from 1 of the initially submitted does \ngrew >1,000 colony-forming units (CFU)/mL P. multoci-\nda. One young adult rabbit with hepatic necrosis and con-\ncurrent bronchopneumonia grew >1,000 CFU/mL P. mul-\ntocida from the lung. Two other rabbits had smaller CFU/\nmL (<100) P. multocida and B. bronchiseptica from the \nlung. Three animals grew low CFU/mL Escherichia coli \n(<100) from the liver. Virus isolation was not successful. Anticoagulants were not detected within liver samples, and no organic toxins were detected by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry.Immunohistochemistry and In Situ Hybridization\nRHDV was immunohistochemically detected within \nthe cytoplasm of approximately 20% of hepatocytes in 1 of the initially submitted does, primarily in the periportal and midzonal areas (Figure 5). MRCV nucleic acid was de-tected by in situ hybridization in scattered hepatocytes and few Kupffer cells (Figure 6).\nCapsid Ampli fi cation\nUsing primers targeting the RHDV capsid gene (VP60), \nwe detected a 398-bp amplicon by RT-PCR on pooled liver samples from 2 originally submitted does. BLAST analy-sis (13) of a unique 344-bp sequence (excluding primer \nsequences) showed average 79% similarity to GenBank RHDV capsid sequences. This unique sequence translates into 113 amino acids with 86.8% similarity to the partial capsid protein in a representative strain of RHDV (FRG, GenBank NC_001543). For comparison, RHDV capsid se-quences typically have 98% identity with one another ( 7). \n1958 Emerging Infectious Diseases • www.cdc.gov/eid • Vol. 15, No. 12, December 2009Figure 1. Conjunctival erythema in affected doe. \nFigure 2. Liver of affected rabbit with granular texture, accentuated \nlobular pattern, and multifocal capsular petechiae. Subsequent sequencing was performed on the same pooled \nliver sample; however, the 398-capsid amplicon was de-tected in liver and spleen samples from 4 additional clini-cally affected rabbits.\nCapsid and Genomic Sequencing and Analysis\nFurther ampli fi cation of the entire VP60 gene and up-\nstream and downstream regions generated a genomic se-quence of 7,387 nt, which is similar to the approximately 7.4-kb length of RHDV ( 3). By alignment with other Lago-\nvirus sequences, this included all but 32 bases of the 5 ′ end \nof the fi rst open reading frame (ORF) of the genome, which \ncould not be sequenced despite multiple attempts. ORF analysis showed a large (2,328 amino acid) ORF-1 and a smaller (113 amino acid) ORF-2 that overlapped ORF-1 by 8 nt (Figure 7). ORF-1 included conserved sequence motifs for nonstructural (helicases, proteases, and polymerases) and structural proteins (VPg and capsid) in the expected \norder and location for the Lagovirus genus within the Cali-\nciviridae family ( 5). ORF-2 included conserved sequence \nmotifs for the secondary structural protein VP12. A novel calicivirus related to but distinct from RHDV was tenta-tively identi fi ed. The isolate was termed MRCV, and the \ngenome was further characterized.\nMultiple Sequence Alignment and \nPhylogenetic Analysis\nBecause most phylogenetic comparisons of RHDV \nstrains are based on capsid sequence, a dendrogram was generated on the basis of MRCV capsid amino acid se-quence in comparison with multiple RHDV strains and with the outliers EBSHV and RCV (Figure 8). By this analysis, MRCV appears as an outlier to RHDV strains and is most closely related to the nonpathogenic RCV. MRCV capsid Calicivirus in Rabbits, Michigan\n Emerging Infectious Diseases • www.cdc.gov/eid • Vol. 15, No. 12, December 2009 1959 \nFigure 3. Multifocal gastric hemorrhage in affected rabbit.\nFigure 4. Multifocal periportal and midzonal heptic necrosis in \naffected rabbit. Hematoxylin and eosin stain. Original magni fi cation \n×200.\nFigure 5. Liver of affected rabbit with positive cytoplasmic immunohistochemical labeling in hepatocytes against rabbit hemorrhagic disease virus capsid. Original magni fi cation ×400.\nFigure 6. Liver of affected rabbit showing in situ hybridization of \na Michigan rabbit calicivirus–speci fi c oligonucleotide probe within \nscattered hepatocytes. Original magni fi cation ×400.\n RESEARCH\nsequence alignments showed 91.7% similarity to RCV and \n89.8%–91.3% similarity to RHDV strains. In comparison, RHDV strains shared 95.0%-99.8% similarity with each other and 91.3%–92.7% with RCV. Because the capsid gene may be subject to recombination and positive selection, re-latedness predicted solely on capsid sequence is prone to error ( 3). Further analysis compared nucleotide similarities \nof the ORF-1 polypeptide genomic sequence, excluding the capsid gene (Figure 9). RCV is excluded from this compari-son because only capsid sequence is available ( 7). By this \nanalysis, MRCV again appears as an outlier to RHDV, hav-ing 77.9%–78.5% similarity to RHDV sequences, which share similarities of 87.8%–98.1% among themselves.\nWe undertook some additional comparisons of partic-\nular genomic regions. The amino acid sequence of MRCV polymerase was only 88.1% homologous to 4 representa-tive RHDV strains, whereas polymerase is typically close to 100% conserved within viral species. Additionally, at the beginning of ORF-2, RHDV strains have 2 initiation codons, and RCV and EBHSV have only 1. MRCV ap-pears to follow the pattern of RCV and EBHSV (Figure 10). These analyses support that MRCV represents a sepa-\nrate, novel caliciviral species.\nInoculation Study\nWe attempted to reproduce clinical signs of disease \nwith an inoculation study. Clinical signs in inoculated rab-bits were limited to decreased activity and inappetence in 2 rabbits on day 4 postinoculation. These rabbits were eu-thanized, and necropsy indicated they lacked gross or his-tologic lesions. The other inoculated rabbits remained free of clinical disease through the end of the study and lacked gross postmortem lesions. Histologically there was rare, in-dividual hepatocellular necrosis. Several tissues, including liver, spleen, stomach, jejunum, ileum, cecum, colon, and (in 3 rabbits) trachea/lung were positive for viral RNA by RT-PCR and in situ hybridization was positive in rare he-patocytes within the liver (data not shown).\nDepopulation and Necropsy Findings \nin Remaining Rabbits\nFurther disease in the affected rabbitry was not re-\nported after February 2, and disease outbreaks in additional rabbitries served by the same rabbit dealer were not identi-fi ed. For economic reasons, the owner of the premises de-\ncided to depopulate the remaining rabbits ≈2 months later. \nApproximately 130 rabbits were submitted for euthanasia. Twenty- fi ve animals had gross changes in their livers, con-\nsisting of a granular capsular texture, fi rm and collapsed \ntips of ventral lobes, and fi rm parenchymal nodules up to \n2 cm in diameter (data not shown). Representative tissues from 4 animals were evaluated histologically. The liver showed moderate biliary hyperplasia and periductal to bridging portal-to-portal fi brosis. Although these chronic \nalterations suggest previous liver insult, they are nonspe-cifi c with respect to cause.\nSerology\nInitial diagnostic evaluations did not include serology \nbecause of a lack of reagents, but expression of the viral capsid within a baculovirus system enabled serologic test-ing by the time of depopulation. Antibody against MRCV was detected in serum harvested from depopulated rab-\n1960 Emerging Infectious Diseases • www.cdc.gov/eid • Vol. 15, No. 12, December 2009\nFigure 8. Dendrogram constructed for comparison of capsid (VP60) \namino acid sequences. The geographically and numerically named species are strains of rabbit hemorrhagic disease virus. MRCV, Michigan rabbit calicivirus; RCV, rabbit calicivirus.\nFigure 7. Schematic genomic organization of Michigan rabbit calicivirus consistent with a Lagovirus in the family Caliciviridae . \nLagoviruses contain an initial large open reading frame (ORF), ORF-1 encoding a polypeptide that overlaps with a smaller ORF, ORF-2. Numbering indicates the corresponding amino acid codons predicated from the genomic sequence. hel, helicase; Vpg, virion protein, linked to genome; pro, protease; pol, polymerase; capsid (VP60), capsid protein VP60. Calicivirus in Rabbits, Michigan\nbits (data not shown) but not in any of the experimentally \ninoculated rabbits that were euthanized as late as 7 days postinoculation.\nDiscussion \nIn this study, a naturally occurring disease outbreak \nwith clinical signs and pathologic fi ndings suggestive of \nRHD was ultimately associated with a novel rabbit cali-civirus, designated MRCV. Although other pathogens, principally P. multocida , were identi fi ed in some animals, \nthese were not consistently present, and the disease lesions and presentation were not typical of pasteurellosis. Other hemorrhage-inducing agents, such as anticoagulants or enterohemorrhagic E. coli (14), were not identi fi ed. In the \nanimals submitted toward the end of the outbreak, the his-tologic fi ndings were consistent with a reparative response \nto a previous liver insult. Similar reparative histologic fi nd-\nings have been identi fi ed in rabbits surviving experimental \nchallenge with less virulent strains of RHDV ( 15).On the basis of the percentage of affected animals in \nthe outbreak and the failure to generate clinical disease in inoculated speci fi c pathogen–free (SPF) rabbits, MRCV \nappears likely to be of low pathogenicity, and clinically ev-ident disease may depend on the health status, age, or indi-vidual susceptibility of the host. RHDV is known to be most pathogenic in rabbits >8 weeks of age, possibly because of age-related differences in the expression of enterocyte receptors targeted by the virus ( 16–19). The symptomatic \nanimals in this report were all >8 weeks of age. Many were pregnant does, and some had concurrent P. multocida infec-\ntion. Although the inoculated rabbits were also >8 weeks of age, they were nonpregnant, commercially available SPF animals and lacked the apparently endemic P. multocida \npresent in the diagnostic cases. RHDV-associated illness and death in laboratory rabbits can be lower than in fi eld \nsituations unless the animals are immune-primed by other disease agents ( 3,15). Alternately, the failure to reproduce \ndisease may be due to low viable virus dose (dif fi cult to \nassess for a noncultivable virus) or premature euthanasia of the inoculated rabbits. Although euthanasia by day 7 was consistent with the anticipated timeframe for calici-viral-induced disease, it may not have been suf fi cient if a \nlow viral dose was used and was likely too early to expect seroconversion.\nThe phylogenetic analyses presented here indicate \nthat MRCV is a distinct species from RHDV and the other known lagoviruses, RCV and EBHSV. MRCV is the fi rst \nlagovirus other than RHDV detected in US rabbits; howev-er, seropositivity to low or nonpathogenic caliciviruses has been demonstrated in rabbit populations in several other countries ( 7,19–21). Additional low pathogenicity strains \nmay exist undetected in US rabbit populations. Samples to consider for RT-PCR detection of rabbit lagoviruses in-clude liver, lung, spleen, and intestine. Although MRCV in this case was detected in liver, other low pathogenicity caliciviruses such as RCV replicate in intestine and may not be detected if liver is the sole sample evaluated ( 7). \nInfection with low or nonpathogenic lagoviruse s in other \ncountries has been postulated to mediate some protection against RHDV infection, although whether this is true of MRCV infection is unknown ( 20,21). As evidenced by this \ncase study, diagnosticians faced with hemorrhagic disease \n Emerging Infectious Diseases • www.cdc.gov/eid • Vol. 15, No. 12, December 2009 1961 Figure 9. Dendrogram constructed for comparison of open \nreading frame 1 polypeptide genomic sequence minus the capsid sequence. The geographically and numerically named species are strains of rabbit hemorrhagic disease virus. MRCV, Michigan rabbit calicivirus; EBHSV, European brown hare syndrome virus.\nFigure 10. Alignment of open reading frame 2 sequences showing that Michigan rabbit calicivirus (MRCV) follows the pattern of European brown hare syndrome virus (EBHSV) and rabbit calicirus (RCV) in having 1 initiation codon (ATG, in boldface ) in comparison with \nthe 2 present in rabbit hemorrhagic disease virus (RHDV). RESEARCH\nand sudden death in rabbits should consider the possibil-\nity of low pathogenicity lagoviruses once RHDV has been ruled out. The prevalence and effects of low pathogenicity lagoviruses like MRCV within the US rabbit industry and their potential in fl uence on seropositivity and susceptibility \nto RHDV remain to be determined.\nAcknowledgments\nWe thank F. Parra for providing us with the VP-60 antibody. \nWe also thank Thomas Bell for characterizing the histopathology in the initial diagnostic submission and the Diagnostic Center for Population and Animal Health laboratory staff, in particular Lori \nBramble, Erica Pych, Dan Taylor, and Tom Wood, for technical help\nDr Bergin is a comparative pathologist at the University of \nMichigan and veterinarian board-certi fi ed in laboratory animal \nmedicine and pathology. Her interests include pathology of labo-ratory animal species and animal disease models.\nReferences\n 1. Ohlinger VF, Haas B, Meyers G, Weiland F, Thiel H-J. Identi fi cation \nand characterization of the virus causing rabbit hemorrhagic disease. J Virol. 1990;64:3331–6.\n 2. Chasey D. Rabbit haemorrhagic disease: the new scourge \nof Oryctolagus cuniculus. Lab Anim. 1997;31:33–44. DOI: \n10.1258/002367797780600279\n 3. McIntosh MT, Behan SC, Mohamed FM, Lu Z, Moran KE, Burrage \nTG, et al. A pandemic strain of calicivirus threatens rabbit industries in the Americas. Virol J. 2007;4:96–108. DOI: 10.1186/1743-422X-4-96\n 4. Liu SJ, Xue HP, Pu BQ, Qian NH. A new viral disease of rabbits [in \nChinese]. Anim Husband Vet Med. 1984;16:253–5. \n 5. Green KY , Ando T, Balayan MS, Berke T, Clarke IN, Estes MK, \net al. Taxonomy of the caliciviruses. J Infect Dis. 2000;181(Suppl 2):S322–30. DOI: 10.1086/315591\n 6. Löliger HC, Eskens U. Incidence, epizootiology, and control of viral \nhemorrhagic disease of rabbits and the European brown hare syn-drome virus in Germany. Rev Sci Tech. 1991;10:423–34.\n 7. Capucci L, Fusi P, Lavazza A, Pacciarini ML, Rossi C. Detec-\ntion and preliminary characterization of a new rabbit calicivirus related to rabbit hemorrhagic disease but nonpathogenic. J Virol. 1996;70:8614–23.\n 8. Martin-Alonso JM, Skilling DE, Gonzalez-Molleda L, del Barrio G, \nMachin A, Keefer NH, et al. Isolation and characterization of a new \nVesivirus from rabbits. Virology. 2005;337:373–83. DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2005.04.018 9. United States Animal Health Association. Foreign animal diseases, \n7th ed. Boca Raton (FL): Boca Raton Publications Group; 2008. p. 365.\n10. Prieto JM, Fernandez F, Alvarez V , Garcia-Marin JF, Alvarez M, \nMartin JM, et al Immunohistochemical localization of rabbit hem-orrhagic disease virus VP-60 antigen in early infection of young and adult rabbits. Res Vet Sci. 2000;68:181–7. DOI: 10.1053/rvsc.1999.0357\n11. Kiupel M, Stevenson GW, Galbreath EJ, North A. HogenEsch H, \nMittal SK. Porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) causes apoptosis in experimentally inoculated BALB/c mice. BMC Vet Res. 2005 Nov [cited 2008 Jan 15]. Available from http://www.biomedcentral.com/1746-6148/1/7\n12. Asgari S, Hardy JRE, Cooke BD. Sequence analysis of rabbit hem-\norrhagic disease virus (RHDV) in Australia: alterations after its re-lease. Arch Virol. 1999;144:135–45. DOI: 10.1007/s007050050490\n13. Altschul SF, Gish W, Miller W, Myers EW, Lipman DJ. Basic local \nalignment search tool. J Mol Biol. 1990;215:403–10.\n14. Garcia A, Fox JG. The rabbit as a new reservoir host of enterohem-\norrhagic Escherichia coli. Emerg Infect Dis. 2003;9:1592–7.\n15. Teifke JP, Reimann I, Schirrmeier H. Subacute liver necrosis after \nexperimental infection with rabbit hemorrhagic disease virus. J Comp Pathol. 2002;126:231–4. DOI: 10.1053/jcpa.2001.0534\n16. Ferreira PG, Costa-e-Silva A, Aguas AP. Liver disease in young rab-\nbits infected by calicivirus through nasal and oral routes. Res Vet Sci. 2006;81:362–5. DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2006.02.001\n17. Ferreira PG, Costa-e-Silva A, Monteiro E, Oliveira MJR, Aguas AP. \nTransient decrease in blood heterophils and sustained liver damage caused by calicivirus infection of young rabbits that are naturally resistant to rabbit hemorrhagic disease. Res Vet Sci. 2004;76:83–94. DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2003.08.003\n18. Ferreira PG, Dinis M, Costa-e-Silva A, Aguas AP. Adult rabbits ac-\nquire resistance to lethal calicivirus infection by adoptive transfer of sera from infected young rabbits. Vet Immunol Immunopathol. 2008;121:364–9. DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2007.09.005\n19. Capucci L, Nardin A, Lavazza A. Seroconversion in an industrial \nunit of rabbits infected with a non-pathogenic rabbit hemorrhagic disease-like virus. Vet Rec. 1997;140:647–50.\n20. Forrester NL, Trout RC, Gould EA. Benign circulation of rab-\nbit hemorrhagic disease virus on Lambay Island, Eire. Virology. 2007;358:18–22. DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2006.09.011\n21. White PJ, Trout RC, Moss SR, Desai A, Armesto M, Forrester NL, et \nal. Epidemiology of rabbit hemorrhagic disease virus in the United Kingdom: evidence for seasonal transmission by both virulent and avirulent modes of infection. Epidemiol Infect. 2004;132:555–67. DOI: 10.1017/S0950268804002109\nAddress for correspondence: Ingrid L. Bergin, University of Michigan, \nUnit for Laboratory Animal Medicine, 1150 W Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; email: ingridbe@med.umich.edu\n1962 Emerging Infectious Diseases • www.cdc.gov/eid • Vol. 15, No. 12, December 2009\n The percentage of the world’s population living in urban \nareas will increase from 50% in 2008 to 70% (4.9 billion) in 2025. Crowded urban areas in developing and industrial-ized countries are uniquely vulnerable to public health cri-ses and face daunting challenges in surveillance, response, and public communication. The revised International Health Regulations require all countries to have core surveillance and response capacity by 2012. Innovative approaches are needed because traditional local-level strategies may not be easily scalable upward to meet the needs of huge, densely populated cities, especially in developing countries. The responses of Mexico City and New York City to the ini-tial appearance of in fl uenza A pandemic (H1N1) 2009 virus \nduring spring 2009 illustrate some of the new challenges and creative response strategies that will increasingly be needed in cities worldwide.\nAccording to United Nations estimates, the percentage \nof the world’s population living in urban areas will \nincrease from 50% in 2008 to 70% (4.9 billion persons) in 2025. During 2007–2025, the number of cities with popu-lation 1–5 million will increase from 382 to 524, and the number of megacities (>10 million population, comprising the core city, suburbs, and continuously settled commuter areas) will increase from 19 to 27. Of the 27 megacities, 16 will be in Asia, 4 in Latin America, 3 in Africa, 2 in Europe, and 2 in North America. Currently, 1 in 25 persons \nlives in a megacity; in Latin America, the ratio is 1 in 7. In central Tokyo, the population density is 5,847 persons/km\n2 (1). Cities are increasing in developing countries and \noften have slums that lack basic services ( 2). The accel-\nerating global trend toward megacities is a new paradigm of human existence and poses profound public health chal-lenges. New approaches for surveillance, preparedness, and response will be needed because current strategies may not be easily scalable upward to address huge, densely popu-lated areas, especially in developing countries.\nIn 2008, the World Health Organization (WHO) In-\nternational Health Regulations (IHR) Coordination Depart-ment, in collaboration with Lyonbiopole (Lyon, France), held a consultation, Cities and Public Health Crises ( 1). \nConsultants stated that WHO and national guidance does not always adequately address the challenges their cities face, and they could learn much from each other. This ar-ticle summarizes these challenges, illustrated by the initial appearance of in fl uenza A pandemic (H1N1) 2009 virus \nduring spring 2009 in Mexico City, Mexico, and New York (NYC), New York, USA (metropolitan area populations 20 million and 19 million, respectively). These megacities may not be representative of cities in low-income coun-tries, which face more daunting problems.\nA Tale of 2 Megacities: Pandemic (H1N1) 2009, \nSpring 2009\nMexico City\nNational surveillance detected an atypical increase in \ninfl uenza-like illness (ILI) in mid to late February 2009 and \na further increase in early to mid April. Anecdotal reports in April of increased hospitalizations of previously healthy young adults with severe pneumonia led to active surveil-Pandemic In fl uenza as 21st Century \nUrban Public Health Crisis\nDavid M. Bell, Isaac B. Weisfuse, Mauricio Hernandez-Avila, Carlos del Rio, Xinia Bustamante, \nand Guenael Rodier\n Emerging Infectious Diseases • www.cdc.gov/eid • Vol. 15, No. 12, December 2009 1963 Author af fi liations: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, \nAtlanta, Georgia, USA (D.M. Bell); New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene, New York, New York, USA (I.B. Weisfuse); Ministry of Health of Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico (M. Hernandez-Avila); Emory University Rollins School of Public Health, Atlanta (C. del Rio); Pan American Health Organization, San Jose, Costa Rica (X. Bustamante); and World Health Organization, Ge-neva, Switzerland (G. Rodier)\nDOI: 10.3201/eid1512.091232 POLICY REVIEW\nlance in 23 hospitals in Mexico City and identi fi cation of 47 \nsuch cases. Patient samples showed nonsubtypeable in fl u-\nenza A, identi fi ed on April 23 as a novel in fl uenza A virus \nof subtype H1N1. The Mexico City response was based on early adaptation of a pandemic in fl uenza preparedness plan \nthat had been developed for a virus originating abroad. Af-ter an expert meeting convened by the secretary of health, given the uncertain potential health impact, the president of Mexico invoked emergency powers; on April 24, com-munity mitigation measures were implemented in Mexico City and the neighboring state of Mexico ( 3–7). These \nmeasures were announced and coordinated by the federal government, with participation of state authorities. The ob-jective was to decrease transmission; elements included an intensive mass media campaign to inform the population about in fl uenza, promote personal and environmental hy-\ngiene, request that sick persons stay home, and implement social distancing measures. Persons with ILI were encour-aged to seek prompt medical care. Early in the epidemic, the federal government released antiviral drugs from the national strategic reserve and controlled their distribution. Ill persons and their close contacts had access to this medi-cation free of charge. During the spring outbreak, an es-timated 150,000 cases of ILI with 3,312 hospitalizations occurred in metropolitan Mexico City (H. Lopez-Gatell, pers. comm.).\nFollowing the Mexican Pandemic Plan, a program \nof social mobilization was implemented through a multi-faceted mass media saturation campaign featuring visual representations and a previously developed and tested mes-sage icon, Promi , to address Mexico City’s heterogeneous \npopulation and literacy rates (Figure 1). The private sec-tor, including pharmacy chains, food stores, and cellular telephone companies, helped deliver health messages. The Mexican telephone company (Telmex) assembled a call center that received >5 million calls. Novel communica-tion strategies included text messaging and mass emails; information from the Ministry of Health was transmit-ted through >140 million text, 60 million printed, and 18 million email messages. Multilingual health information materials also were provided to all international travelers entering and exiting through Mexican ports, and departing travelers underwent thermal screening.\nFrequent hand washing and cough etiquette were pro-\nmoted, and all government and private facilities open to the public were provided with alcohol gel and other disinfec-tants. Because of limited water availability in some areas or households, alcohol gel was distributed free. A mass media campaign promoting a healthy distance discouraged greet-ing others by hugging or kissing, common practice among Mexicans of all social strata. Military personnel distributed disposable surgical masks in public places; their use was recommended primarily for sick persons, but many healthy persons also wore them daily. Compliance with recommen-\ndations appeared to be high, although some persons wear-ing masks may have developed a false sense of security that took priority over cough etiquette and hand washing. When commercially available masks became scarce, some persons made their own, and disposal occasionally was problematic, resulting in littering. Over time, recommendations about cough and sneeze etiquette were followed least frequently.\nAll educational facilities were closed beginning April \n24 in Mexico City and, soon after, nationwide. Parents were advised to keep children at home; authorities dis-tributed educational materials for home use. By May 11, \n1964 Emerging Infectious Diseases • www.cdc.gov/eid • Vol. 15, No. 12, December 2009\nFigure 1. Sign hung on doorknobs containing information from \nthe Mexican Ministry of Health promoting cough etiquette, using the communications icon Promi (3). Translation: “Wash your \nhands. Viruses are not permitted to enter here. When coughing or sneezing, cover your mouth with a disposable handkerchief or use your forearm, never your hands!” Pandemic In fl uenza as Urban Health Crisis\nwhen educational facilities reopened, all schools had been \nthoroughly cleaned. Parents were requested to keep ill children home; peer pressure among parents to comply was high. Every day, upon arrival at school, children were screened for fever and respiratory symptoms. Ill children were sent home to receive care; return to school required a note from their primary healthcare provider granting medical clearance.\nIn addition to federal measures, on April 27, the mayor \nof Mexico City suspended dine-in service in all restaurants and similar establishments, allowing only take-out orders. Many restaurants simply remained closed. When affected businesses were allowed to reopen on May 6, social dis-tancing measures (e.g., avoiding crowding) were encour-aged, and hygiene measures were enforced (Figure 2). Grocery stores and supermarkets remained open, with ad-ditional cashiers used to keep lines short. Persons in public places were advised to remain separated by at least 2 m. Large gatherings were cancelled or postponed, and enter-tainment venues, e.g., movie theaters, were closed. Profes-sional sports matches were broadcast, but stadiums were closed to the public. Churches and temples also remained closed, with religious services broadcast over radio and television. When normal services resumed, communion cups and other shared objects were wiped with hand gel after each use. Mass transit operated normally. Masks were provided for drivers and passengers and buses and subway cars were cleaned frequently. Mitigation measures were broadly accepted by the public. Occasional early dis-crepancies between recommendations from of fi cial and \nacademic sources (e.g., regarding mask use) led to a few critical media reports without apparent consequence. Thou-sands of workplaces of all sizes in Mexico City and the rest of the country were closed for several days, taking a huge toll on the economy. The government provided no fi nan-\ncial compensation to businesses or workers. The economic impact of pandemic (H1N1) 2009 virus in Mexico during the spring is estimated as >$2.3 billion (0.3% of gross do-mestic product) ( 8).\nMost important among the many lessons learned in \nMexico is that preparation paid off. Although requiring ad-aptation, the preexisting pandemic plan and planning pro-cess facilitated intersectoral work, decision making, and rapid development of a public communications campaign. The availability of a national stockpile of antiviral drugs reassured the public. The participation of the secretary of health as the spokesman demonstrated high-level leader-ship. Clear and transparent communication was important because Mexico was entering mid-term elections, and some politicians hypothesized that the outbreak was a farce to distract Mexicans.\nThe outbreak also enabled detection of some weak-\nnesses in the Mexican health system. In Mexico, health-care is provided by 3 major healthcare systems; thus \ncompilation of epidemiologic information regarding hos-pitalizations was complex. However, after a few days, a system was devised that provided the necessary consoli-dated information. Laboratory capacity was inadequate for the challenges posed by the outbreak. At the onset of the outbreak, the Ministry of Health had no state-level laboratories with capabilities for in fl uenza molecular diag-\nnostics; all molecular diagnosis was centralized at the Na-tional Epidemiological Reference Laboratory in Mexico City. The Ministry of Health rapidly improved the national laboratory network and Mexico has now 28 laboratories (1 in nearly every state) with PCR molecular diagnostic capabilities. Although having a pandemic plan was use-ful, operationalizaton of the plan was less smooth. For example, procedures existed to close schools, but criteria for reopening them and the ability to reassure parents that reopened schools were safe did not.\nNYC\nEmergency preparedness planning in NYC accelerated \nafter the World Trade Center and anthrax attacks of 2001 and in anticipation of an in fl uenza pandemic. Novel syndro-\nmic surveillance systems monitor visits to hospital emer-gency departments, calls to emergency medical services, pharmacy sales, worker absenteeism, and outpatient clinic visits. For example, information is collected electronically for ≈90% of daily patient visits from 77% of emergency de-\npartments. Patients’ age, sex, home postal code, and chief complaint, but not names, are transmitted daily to the NYC Department of Health and Mental Hygiene, where proto-cols identify and follow up signals that suggest increased \n Emerging Infectious Diseases • www.cdc.gov/eid • Vol. 15, No. 12, December 2009 1965 \nFigure 2. A reopened restaurant in Mexico City, Mexico, illustrating \nmask use by the person greeting entering customers and a hand hygiene dispenser that all entering customers were required to use, May 2009. Photo courtesy of Carlos del Rio. POLICY REVIEW\ncommunity illness. During spring 2009, these systems were \nessential for real-time monitoring of the pandemic in NYC, e.g., documenting large increases in children with ILI seek-ing care at emergency departments) and for tracking its spread throughout the city from 1 school where it apparently was fi rst introduced and ampli fi ed (9). Additional systems \ncollect etiologic information from, for example, virologic studies on samples of outpatients and hospitalized patients with ILI. However, the fi rst indication to the health depart-\nment of the outbreak of pandemic (H1N1) 2009 virus came from a school nurse telephoning a report of increased ILI at a single school. Subsequent surveillance and telephone surveys indicated ≈750,000–1 million persons in NYC had \nILI during the spring outbreak ( 10).\nWhen the fi rst cases were con fi rmed, an extensive pub-\nlic communication campaign was implemented through Ready New York, a preexisting program of the NYC Of fi ce \nof Emergency Preparedness ( 11). The program includes \noutreach to ethnic populations and translation into many languages. The principal messages were 1) wash hands thoroughly and frequently with soap and water; 2) avoid contact with persons who are obviously sick; and 3) if you get sick with any cold or in fl uenza, stay home from work or \nschool, and avoid contact with others as much as possible\nDuring the epidemic peak, the mayor and health com-\nmissioner held frequent press conferences in English and Spanish. A NYC government information hotline (311) previously had been established and featured live operators 24/7, with 98% of calls answered within 30 seconds. Dur-ing the spring outbreak of pandemic (H1N1) 2009, ≈54,000 \ncalls to 311 about in fl uenza and a smaller health depart-\nment hotline were answered. An electronic health alert net-work and conference calls provided messages to healthcare providers.\nAside from the public messages, community miti-\ngation measures focused on selective closure of schools. Household contacts of case-patients were not quarantined, businesses were not closed, and public gatherings were not cancelled unless they involved closed schools. School clo-sures were decided on an individual basis (known as “reac-tive” closures, based on visits for ILI to the school health nurse and on other factors, such as the ability of students to comply with respiratory hygiene) rather than “preemp-tively” (i.e., before cases in the school but with reports of cases in other schools in the subdistrict or district). Approx-imately 50 schools closed, for ≈1 week each.\nThe NYC emergency stockpile of antiviral drugs was \nnot used because normal distribution channels suf fi ced. \nOccasional reports of spot shortages required rapid inves-tigation and highlighted the need for close communication with private distributors. If the stockpile had been needed, antiviral drugs would have been distributed to community health centers, public clinics, and hospitals. Distribution of vaccine for pandemic (H1N1) 2009 in \nNYC will depend on indications for use, availability, and urgency of administration. Vaccine will be prioritized for high-risk populations ( 12). Mass vaccination campaigns will \nuse 200 point-of-distribution sites developed to meet pos-sible needs for anthrax prophylaxis, e.g., school buildings throughout the city that each could serve ≈40,000 persons.\nProblems included basing decisions on a pandemic se-\nverity index because, at the pandemic onset, its case-fatal-ity ratio was uncertain. Despite previous planning, several school dismissal issues had never been entirely resolved, including the objectives of closure in a less severe pandem-ic (i.e., to protect high-risk students, all students, families; to slow community transmission; to allay public fears). The effectiveness of school closure in meeting these objectives was uncertain, as was the extent to which bene fi ts justi fi ed \nthe secondary impact, including interrupting the academic program, parental work loss, and disruption of services provided at school (e.g., free breakfast and lunch to chil-dren from low-income families, therapy for students with special needs).\nOperational questions included criteria for school dis-\nmissal and reopening and dif fi culties in monitoring ILI and \neven absenteeism rates among students. Absenteeism data were often unavailable to the health department until mid-afternoon, relatively late to notify parents about closure de-cisions for the next school day. Instructions were not given for children to remain at home, and some may have recon-gregated elsewhere, such as in public libraries, while their parents were at work ( 13). News of school closures in NYC \nled to questions from parents in suburban jurisdictions about why their schools remained open, even though they had no known cases. Individual school closings showed the interconnectedness between schools, such as when siblings or neighbors attended different ones. The issue of worker or business compensation for lost time from work to care for ill children remains dif fi cult. On the basis of this experi-\nence, in the 2009–10 school year, NYC is urging parents to keep sick children home and emphasizing infection control at school but will close a school only as a last resort. Clo-sure decisions will be made on an individual basis, taking into account whether infection control practices could be improved and whether a high percentage of students have high-risk medical conditions ( 10).\nDuring spring 2009, emergency departments were \novercrowded with the worried ill, despite many announce-ments about indications for persons with ILI to seek medi-cal care. In the fall and winter of 2009 hospitals are pre-pared to open additional nonemergency ILI care sites (e.g., at primary care clinics). A new 1-stop in fl uenza Web portal \nprovides information, as well as locations of clinical sites, and a call center staffed by nurses accessed through the 311 hotline provides guidance to persons with ILI ( 10).\n1966 Emerging Infectious Diseases • www.cdc.gov/eid • Vol. 15, No. 12, December 2009 Pandemic In fl uenza as Urban Health Crisis\nIn the city jail, cases of pandemic (H1N1) 2009 led to \nscreening and control measures. These included isolation and cohorting of ill prisoners, and quarantine of those who had been exposed to them, to limit the spread of infection in the prison and court systems.\nHealth department staf fi ng to meet surge needs posed \nchallenges, including accessing and training staff from other parts of the health department, especially physicians, and the need to ensure staff time off to prevent burnout. Keeping policies and press releases consistent in the face of changing science and policies required constant attention. Internet survey instruments were effectively used to col-lect epidemiologic data, as in the initial high school student outbreak ( 9).\nIssues for Cities\nThe experiences from the response to the emergence \nof pandemic (H1N1) 2009 virus in Mexico City and NYC highlighted several challenges raised at the WHO consul-tation ( 1). These include response coordination, surveil-\nlance and monitoring of illness trends, disease contain-ment and mitigation, delivery of countermeasures, and public communication.\nResponse Coordination\nMultiple government agencies serve large urban areas. \nCitizens frequently live, work, attend school in, and com-mute through different jurisdictions. Different political par-ties may control national, state or provincial, suburban, and city governments. Fringe groups or gangs may effectively control some areas. Incident or uni fi ed command systems \ncan be useful approaches to crisis coordination ( 14,15 ). In \nMexico City and NYC, advance planning, political leader-ship at the highest levels, and collaboration among public health and emergency management agencies were particu-larly important.\nCoordination with the private sector often is not well \nestablished. Businesses can assist, notably by providing health messages and enabling infectious workers to remain home ( 16). Large companies may have contacts with city \nleaders, but most are small to medium-sized enterprises with which coordination may be dif fi cult. Multinational \ncorporations, common in cities, may be subject to home-country in fl uences. Response coordination with nongov-\nernment, community, and faith-based organizations also is important. Outbreaks in cities near international borders require coordination with foreign partners.\nSurveillance and Monitoring of Illness Trends\nEmerging challenges in cities include the vertical di-\nmension (high-rise apartment blocks), travelers, and persons who do not have fi xed addresses or who live in slums. Novel \napproaches for illness reporting and population surveys may include use of cell phones and the Internet. Illness surveil-\nlance ultimately depends on the organization and provision of health services; cities with universal health coverage will have important advantages ( 17). Outbreak recognition still \noften depends on alert clinicians; technology-based systems notwithstanding, a school nurse provided the fi rst indication \nof the in fl uenza outbreak in NYC.\nDisease Containment and Mitigation\nAlthough not generally a problem in Mexico City or \nNYC during spring 2009, in a larger outbreak in a lower-income country, home isolation or quarantine may be dif-fi cult or impossible for large urban families living in 1 or \n2 rooms. Contact tracing is problematic in cities, given the frequency of anonymous interactions. Innovative use of nonhealth databases and 3-dimensional mapping, includ-ing cell phone records and global positioning technologies, may be helpful but may pose privacy issues.\nDecisions regarding school dismissal are problematic \nbecause effectiveness for disease mitigation is dif fi cult \nto quantify, and operational aspects often are uncertain, whereas the potential for societal disruption is considerable. Analysis is pending of the different approaches taken by Mexico City and NYC during spring 2009, but both have kept schools open during the fall, because pandemic sever-ity has remained comparable with that in the spring. This approach is consistent with updated guidance from WHO and the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (18,19 ). Many questions remain about how to implement \nsocial distancing and infection control measures in typical city venues, including schools, institutions of higher educa-tion, healthcare institutions, mass transit, workplaces, and marketplaces. These issues are even more dif fi cult in devel-\noping countries. Many cities have international airports and may need to assist in health screening of passengers; provide medical care to ill passengers; and accommodate stranded passengers, including those in quarantine. Evacuation of a city poses additional public health challenges ( 17,20 ).\nDelivery of Countermeasures\nRapid delivery of countermeasures, e.g., drugs and \nvaccines, is dif fi cult even for persons with known, fi xed \naddresses, but more so for persons in slums, travelers, un-documented persons, and homeless persons, as well as the elderly and homebound. Measures taken in Mexico City and NYC during spring 2009 appear to have been suf fi -\ncient, but these systems are being tested again during the 2009–10 winter season.\nPublic Communication\nWHO outbreak communication guidelines empha-\nsize building and maintaining trust, announcing informa-tion early, ensuring transparency, listening to the public, \n Emerging Infectious Diseases • www.cdc.gov/eid • Vol. 15, No. 12, December 2009 1967 POLICY REVIEW\nand planning ahead ( 21). The generally successful pub-\nlic communication campaigns of Mexico City and NYC incorporated these approaches. In addition to traditional mass media and the Internet, they also used cell phones and text messaging, which may offer useful models for developing countries. Cell phone networks may need to prioritize health or emergency messages, improved ro-bustness to permit high traf fi c during emergencies, and re-\ndundancy in case transmitting towers are destroyed (e.g., in a storm). Text messages can be targeted geographically, e.g., to phones locked on to a particular transmitting tower at the time of the message. This approach could be useful for broadcasting localized alerts and instructions, such as locations of vaccination clinics.\nDiscussion\nCities are the norm of global development in the 21st \ncentury. As cities become larger and more crowded, tra-ditional guidance for detecting and responding to public health crises requires innovation. Modi fi ed guidance may \nbe helpful, but new strategies, technologies, and metrics also will be needed.\nPreliminary accounts of response to pandemic (H1N1) \n2009 during spring 2009 in 2 world megacities offer grounds for optimism. In each case, advance planning laid the foundation for enhanced surveillance and a generally effective response, made possible by an extensive public communications campaign and effective political leader-ship. On the other hand, challenges emerged that would have been ampli fi ed if the illness had been more severe or \nthe period of societal disruption prolonged. Development of new guidance and approaches requires collaboration among large cities, as well as research and evaluation to identify best practices for cities with different resource levels, particularly for implementing core capacity re-quirements under the revised IHR in a world where most persons now live in urban environments. The IHR require all countries to have core capacity for disease “surveil-lance, reporting, noti fi cation, veri fi cation, response and \ncollaboration activities” by 2012 ( 22,23 ). These require-\nments must be implemented in urban environments, but they are based on traditional public health levels (local, intermediate, and national), which are less clearly de fi ned \nfor large urban agglomerations. All national governments have committed themselves to IHR implementation; mu-nicipalities must play a central role but may not be aware of their obligations or able to meet them. Many partners will be important, including businesses, which may not realize their stake in IHR implementation ( 24). Sharing \nof experience and research is needed to develop strategies and best practices that can be considered by similar cities worldwide.Acknowledgments\nWe thank the many members of the Mexican Ministry of \nHealth, New York City Department of Health and Mental Hy-giene 2009 H1N1 In fl uenza Investigation Team, the US Centers \nfor Disease Control and Prevention, Pan American Health Orga-nization, and World Health Organization staff for management of and response to the spring pandemic; Carlos Santos-Burgoa and Hugo Lopez-Gatell for providing valuable information and com-ment; and Sophia Desillas, Christian Mathiot, and Daniel Rutz for reviewing the manuscript \nDr Bell is a medical epidemiologist working on the pandem-\nic (H1N1) 2009 response at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.\nReferences\n 1. World Health Organization. Cities and public health crises. Re-\nport of the international consultation, 29–30 October 2008, Lyon, France. Geneva: The Organization. p. 1–32 [cited 2009 Sep 22]. Available from http://www.who.int/ihr/lyon/FRWHO_HSE_IHR_LYON_2009.5.pdf\n 2. Patel RB, Burke TF. Urbanization—an emerging humanitarian disas-\nter. N Engl J Med. 2009;361:741–3. DOI: 10.1056/NEJMp0810878\n 3. Mexico Ministry of Health website [cited 2009 Sep 22]. Available \nfrom http://portal.salud.gob.mx\n 4. Mexico Ministry of Health. Linemientos y recomendaciones. In-\nfl uenza A (H1N1) [cited 2009 Oct 20]. Available from http://origin.\npromocion.salud.gob.mx/dgps/interior1/lineamientos_influenza.html\n 5. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Outbreak of swine-\norigin in fl uenza A (H1N1) virus infection—Mexico, March–April, \n2009. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2009;58:467–70.\n 6. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Update: novel in fl uenza \nA (H1N1) virus infection—Mexico, March–May, 2009. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2009;58:585–9.\n 7. Stern AM, Markel H. What Mexico taught the world about pan-\ndemic in fl uenza preparedness and community mitigation strategies. \nJAMA. 2009;302:1221–2. DOI: 10.1001/jama.2009.1367\n 8. Messmacher M. Taller de Reactivación Económica ante la epide-\nmia A(H1N1), Programa de las Naciones Unidas para el Desarrollo/United Nations Development Programme–Secretaria de Hacienda y Crédito Público/Secretary of Finance Cd de México, 4 de Septiem-bre de 2009. \n 9. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Swine-origin in fl uenza \nA (H1N1) virus infections in a school, New York City, April 2009. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2009;58:470–2.\n10. New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene. Fall in-\nfl uenza planning: an early brie fi ng on schools, fl u shots, and health \ncare resources, 9/1/09 [cited 2009 Oct 18]. Available from http://www.nyc.gov/html/doh/downloads/pdf/ fl u/fl u-fall-plan.pdf\n11. New York City Of fi ce of Emergency Management. Ready New \nYork: pandemic fl u [cited 2009 Jul 19]. Available from http://www.\nnyc.gov/html/oem/html/get_prepared/ready.shtml\n12. Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices. Use of in fl uenza A \n(H1N1) 2009 monovalent vaccine [cited 2009 Oct 17]. Available from http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/rr58e0821a1.htm\n13. Bosman J. Flu closings failing to keep schoolchildren at home. New \nYork Times 2009 May 21 [cited 2009 Oct 13]. Available from http://www.nytimes.com/2009/05/21/nyregion/21kids.html\n14. Kim-Farley RJ, Celentano JT, Gunter C, Jones JW, Stone RA, Aller \nRD, et al. Standardized emergency management system and response to a smallpox emergency. Prehosp Disaster Med. 2003;18:313–20.\n1968 Emerging Infectious Diseases • www.cdc.gov/eid • Vol. 15, No. 12, December 2009 Pandemic In fl uenza as Urban Health Crisis\n15. Federal Emergency Management Agency. National Incident Man-\nagement System Resource Center [cited 2009 Sep 20]. Available from http://www.fema.gov/emergency/nims\n16. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. H1N1 fl u resources for \nbusinesses and employers [cited 2009 Sep 21]. Available from http://www.cdc.gov/h1n1 fl u/business\n17. Lurie N. H1N1 in fl uenza, public health preparedness, and health \ncare reform. N Engl J Med. 2009;361:843–5. DOI: 10.1056/NEJMp0905330\n18. World Health Organization. Measures in school settings [cited 2009 \nSep 22]. Available from http://www.who.int/csr/disease/swine fl u/\nnotes/h1n1_school_measures_20090911/en/index.html\n19. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. CDC guidance for state \nand local public health of fi cials and school administrators for school \n(K–12) responses to in fl uenza during the 2009–2010 school year \n[cited 2009 Sep 22]. Available from http://www.cdc.gov/h1n1 fl u/\nschools/schoolguidance.htm\n20. Greenough PG, Kirsch TD. Hurricane Katrina: public health re-\nsponse—assessing needs. N Engl J Med. 2005;353:1544–6. DOI: 10.1056/NEJMp05823821. World Health Organization. Outbreak communication guidelines. \nGeneva: The Organization; 2008 [cited 2009 Sep 22]. Avail-able from http://www.who.int/csr/resources/publications/WHO_CDS_2005_28/en/index.html\n22. World Health Organization. International Health Regulations (2005). \nGeneva: The Organization; 2005. p. 1–74 [cited 2009 Sep 22]. Avail-able from http://www.who.int/csr/ihr/en\n23. World Health Organization. International Health Regulations (2005): \nareas of work for implementation. Geneva: The Organization; 2007. p. 1–28 [cited 2009 Sep 22]. Available from http://www.who.int/csr/ihr/fi nalversion9Nov07.pdf\n24. Bell DM. Of milk, health and trade security. Far East Econ Rev. \n2008;171(8):34–7. \nAddress for correspondence: David M. Bell, Centers for Disease Control \nand Prevention, 1600 Clifton Rd NE, Mailstop E04, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA; email: dbell@cdc.gov\n Emerging Infectious Diseases • www.cdc.gov/eid • Vol. 15, No. 12, December 2009 1969 \n Oseltamivir-\nResistant \nInfl uenza A \nPandemic (H1N1) \n2009 Virus, \nHong Kong, China \nHonglin Chen, Chung Lam Cheung, Hung Tai, \nPengxi Zhao, Jasper F.W. Chan, \nVincent C.C. Cheng, Kwok-Hung Chan, \nand Kwok-Yung Yuen\nResistance to oseltamivir was observed in in fl uenza \nA pandemic (H1N1) 2009 virus isolated from an untreated person in Hong Kong, China. Investigations showed a re-sistant virus with the neuraminidase (NA) 274Y genotype in quasi-species from a nasopharyngeal aspirate. Monitoring for the naturally occurring NA 274Y mutation in this virus is necessary.\nEmergence of in fl uenza A pandemic (H1N1) 2009 virus, \npresumably from swine to humans, has spread glob-\nally since April 2009 ( 1–3). This emergence prompted the \nWorld Health Organization to declare a pandemic caused by this virus on June 11, 2009. Although most cases of in-fection are mild or asymptomatic, 1,462 fatal cases were reported to the World Health Organization as of August 6, 2009 (www.who.int/csr/don/2009_09_11/en/index.html). \nExperimental evidence from animal models showed \nthat this virus was able to replicate to high titers in the lungs of infected animals ( 4), unlike seasonal in fl uenza viruses, \nwhich mainly infect the upper respiratory tract. Serologic studies found that antibodies induced by current seasonal infl uenza vaccines show little cross-reactivity to pandemic \n(H1N1) 2009 virus ( 5).\nTherapeutic options are presently limited to 2 \nneuraminidase (NA) inhibitors, oseltamivir and zanamivir, because this virus has a swine-origin matrix 2 (M2) gene, which contains a mutation associated with resistance to M2 ion channel blockers amantadine and rimantadine. Al-though oseltamivir has been widely used in persons infect-ed with pandemic (H1N1) 2009 virus, resistance was not observed until recently. Three unrelated cases of resistance to oseltamivir were observed in Denmark, Japan, and Hong Kong (www.who.int/csr/disease/swine fl u/notes/h1n1_anti\nviral_resistance_20090708/en/index.html).\nEmergence of resistance to oseltamivir by seasonal in-\nfl uenza A virus (H1N1) was detected in Norway in 2007. \nThis virus has evolved into the dominant in fl uenza A virus \n(H1N1) in humans ( 6). This fi nding raises strong concerns \nthat the 274Y resistant mutation in pandemic (H1N1) 2009 virus might circulate and become dominant. We report vi-rologic investigation of the emergence of oseltamivir resis-tance in this virus in a patient from Hong Kong.\nThe Study\nA 16-year-old previously healthy girl had a fever at \nthe Hong Kong International Airport after her arrival from San Francisco, California, USA, on June 11, 2009. Physical examination showed a temperature of 38.3°C, a blood pres-sure of 117/66 mm Hg, a pulse rate of 94 beats/min, and an oxygen saturation of 99% at room air. Results of a com-plete blood count and liver and renal function tests were normal. She had a leukocyte count of 4.69 × 10\n9 cells/L, an \nabsolute neutrophil count of 2.36 × 109 cells/L, and a lym-\nphocyte count of 1.74 × 109 cells/L. Findings on her chest \nradiograph were normal.\nA nasopharyngeal aspirate (NPA) was positive for \ninfl uenza A virus (H1N1) nucleoprotein by immuno fl uo-\nrescence. NPA specimens on days 1 and 5 were positive for in fl uenza A virus (H1N1) M gene and swine-speci fi c \nspecifi c H1 gene by reverse transcription–PCR (RT-PCR). \nSamples obtained on days 6–8 were negative. Serum and midstream urine specimens obtained on day 2 were nega-tive for in fl uenza A virus (H1N1) M gene by RT-PCR. \nThe patient refused antiviral therapy with oseltamivir \nbecause of fear of its potential side effects. She was then of-fered symptomatic treatment. Her clinical condition gradual-ly improved and she was discharged on day 8 uneventfully.\nInfl uenza A pandemic (H1N1) 2009 virus was cultured \nfrom NPA. Subsequent drug susceptibility testing showed that this isolate was resistant to oseltamivir (50% inhibitory concentration 197.5 nM), but susceptible to zanamivir, as determined by enzymatic assay (Table).\nTo con fi rm whether the virus contained mutations \nassociated with resistance to NA inhibitors, NA se-quences from the day 1 NPA specimen and an MDCK cell isolate were examined. Viral RNA was extracted from NPA and MDCK cell supernatants by using re-ported procedures ( 7). RT-PCR was performed by using \nprimers spanning position 274 of the NA gene (forward: 5′-ACACAAGAGTCTGAATGTGCATGT-3 ′; reverse: \n5′-GTCTCCGAAAATCCCACTGCATAT-3 ′). Direct se-\nquencing of PCR products was performed by using a Big-Dye Terminator v3.1 cycle sequencing reaction kit on an ABI PRISM 3730 DNA analyzer (Applied Biosystems, Foster City, CA, USA).DISPATCHES\n1970 Emerging Infectious Diseases • www.cdc.gov/eid • Vol. 15, No. 12, December 2009Author af fi liation: The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special \nAdministrative Region, People’s Republic of China\nDOI: 10.3201/eid1512.091057 Oseltamivir-Resistant Pandemic (H1N1) 2009 Virus\nSequences indicated that the NA genes in the NPA and \nMDCK cell virus isolates contained an H →Y mutation at \nthe NA 274 (H3 numbering, 275 in H1 numbering) residue (GenBank accession no. GQ351316). No other NA muta-tions known to be associated with oseltamivir resistance were observed. Further examination of sequences showed mixed populations (T/C) in the NA gene from the NPA specimen (Figure, panel A).\nEstimation of 274H and 274Y populations in the NPA \nspecimen was performed by cloning and sequencing PCR products. The NPA specimen contained approximately equal proportions of 274Y and 274H (52.63% and 47.37%, respectively). Examination of sequences from the MDCK cell isolate showed predominantly the 274Y type, although a minor 274H peak was also observed (Figure, panel B). Cloning and sequencing of PCR products from the MDCK virus isolate showed that 97.92% of the NA genes were 274Y, which suggests that the 274Y population overtook the 274H population during MDCK cell culture.\nConclusions\nResistance to NA inhibitors among seasonal strains of \nhuman in fl uenza viruses (A/H1N1, A/H3N2, and B) has \nbeen rare until recently. Development of resistance after os-eltamivir treatment has occurred in 0.33%–5.5% of treated patients ( 8). Oseltamivir resistance associated with the NA \n274Y genotype was also observed in human infections with avian in fl uenza A virus (H5N1) ( 9,10). Low levels of 274Y \nquasi-species in avian in fl uenza A viruses (H5N1) from \navian hosts has been reported ( 11). Oseltamivir-resistant \nhuman in fl uenza A viruses (H3N2 and H1N1) have been \nfound to replicate less ef fi ciently than oseltamivir-suscepti-\nble strains in cell culture and animal models ( 12–14). How-\never, the NA 274Y resistant mutant in highly pathogenic avian in fl uenza A virus (H5N1) retained the high pathoge-\nnicity of wild-type virus in mammalian species ( 15).\nIn 2007, an NA H274Y oseltamivir-resistant variant of \nseasonal in fl uenza A virus (H1N1) was detected in Norway \n(6). This virus has now become the dominant virus popula-\ntion globally, overtaking oseltamivir-susceptible in fl uenza \nA virus (H1N1). The molecular basis for the 274Y variant in seasonal in fl uenza A virus (H1N1) virus and the mecha-\nnism by which this resistant variant became the dominant population remain unknown.Lack of general immunity to pandemic (H1N1) 2009 \nvirus in the human population, combined with the inher-ent adamantane resistance of the virus, indicates that NA inhibitors constitute the primary treatment regimen for susceptible patient groups and those in whom severe dis-eases develop during the current pandemic. There is great concern that an oseltamivir-resistant variant of pandemic (H1N1) 2009 virus may emerge and circulate in a manner similar to oseltamivir-resistant seasonal in fl uenza A virus \n(H1N1).\nThe patient in this study was not treated with oselta-\nmivir. Therefore it is unlikely that the 274Y mutation was drug-induced. Detection of mixed populations of 274Y and 274H in the NPA specimen before antiviral treatment sug-gests that the mutation occurs naturally, either before or during infection. Although no experimental data exist that show the growth properties of this resistant variant, exami-nation of the quasi-species population in the cell culture–\n Emerging Infectious Diseases • www.cdc.gov/eid • Vol. 15, No. 12, December 2009 1971 Table. Quasi-species of 274H and 274 Y pandemic (H1N1) 2009 virus from NPA samples and subsequent virus isolate A/Hong \nKong/2369/2009 from MDCK cells conferring resistance to oseltamivir, Hong Kong, China* \nSample274H, no. samples \npositive/no. tested (%) 274Y, no. samples \npositive/no. tested (%) IC50 for oseltamivir, nM IC 50 for zanamivir, nM \nNPA 45/95 (47.37) 50/95 (52.63) ND ND\nMDCK cell culture 2/96 (2.08) 94/96 (97.92) 197.5 0.8\n*50% inhibitory concentrations (IC 50s) for oseltamivir and zanamivir were determined by using NA-Star influenza neuraminidase (NA) inhibitor resistance \ndetection kits (Applied Biosystems, Foster City, CA, USA) according to the manufacturer’s instructions. Ratios of 274H and 274Y were evaluated by \ncloning neuraminidase (NA) gene PCR products from nasopharyngeal aspirate (NPA) samples or MDCK cell–cultured virus into the TA vector (Invitrogen, \nCarlsbad, CA, USA) and sequencing clones containing the NA gene. ND, not done. \nFigure. Neuraminidase (NA) 274Y (H3 subtype numbering) gene \nmutation in in fl uenza A pandemic (H1N1) 2009 virus A/Hong \nKong/2369/2009 isolated from a patient who arrived in Hong Kong, China, from San Francisco, California, USA, on June 11, 2009. A) NA sequence of virus ampli fi ed by reverse transcription–PCR and \nsequenced directly from a day 1 specimen of a nasopharyngeal aspirate from the patient. B) NA sequence of virus grown in MDCK cells. Nucleotide sequence represents identi fi cation of nucleotides \nby the sequencing machine, and the sequence trace represents the signal (peak) of each nucleotide in the sequencing reaction. Nucleotide coordinates (812 and 827) refer to the NA gene sequence of pandemic (H1N1) 2009 virus. Residue 274Y encoded by the 3-nucleotide codon is indicated in boxes and the nucleotide substitution (C →T for amino acid change H →Y) is indicated by \narrows Colors of curves match those of speci fi c nucleotides. propagated virus isolate showed that the 274Y variant has \nbecome the dominant population. This fi nding implies that \nthe 274Y mutation does not compromise replication of pandemic (H1N1) 2009 virus in vitro.\nQuarantine procedures adopted by the Hong Kong \nSpecial Administrative Region in China during the early containment phase might have limited transmission of this variant virus. Knowledge of this virus is still limited, and characterization of transmission properties of this resistant variant in in vitro and in vivo models is needed. Moreover, pandemic (H1N1) 2009 virus should be closely monitored for emergence of resistant variants.\nAcknowledgments\nWe thank W. Lim and her staff for support.\nThis study was partly supported by the Providence Founda-\ntion Limited in memory of the late Lui Hac Minh, the Research Grants Council of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (7500/06M), the Research Fund for the Control of Infectious Dis-eases of the Food and Health Bureau of the Hong Kong Govern-ment, University Development Fund 2001–2002 ( fi rst round) of \nThe University of Hong Kong, and the Clinical Infectious Dis-eases Research Endowment Fund.\nDr Chen is an associate professor at The University of Hong \nKong. His primary research interests are molecular basis of anti-genic variation and host-restricting factors of in fl uenza virus.\nReferences\n 1. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Swine in fl uenza A \n(H1N1) infection in two children—southern California, March–April 2009. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2009;58:400–2.\n 2. Smith GJ, Vijaykrishna D, Bahl J, Lycett SJ, Worobey M, Pybus \nOG, et al. Origins and evolutionary genomics of the 2009 swine-origin H1N1 in fl uenza A epidemic. Nature. 2009;459:1122–5. DOI: \n10.1038/nature08182\n 3. Garten RJ, Davis CT, Russell CA, Shu B, Lindstrom S, Bal-\nish A, et al. Antigenic and genetic characteristics of swine-origin 2009 A(H1N1) in fl uenza viruses circulating in humans. Science. \n2009;325:197–201. DOI: 10.1126/science.1176225\n 4. Maines TR, Jayaraman A, Belser JA, Wadford DA, Pappas C, Zeng H, \net al. Transmission and pathogenesis of swine-origin 2009 A (H1N1) \ninfl uenza viruses in ferrets and mice. Science. 2009;325:484–7.\n 5. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Serum cross-reactive \nantibody response to a novel in fl uenza A (H1N1) virus after vacci-\nnation with seasonal in fl uenza vaccine. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly \nRep. 2009;58:521–4. 6. Hauge SH, Dudman S, Borgen K, Lackenby A, Hungnes O. Osel-\ntamivir-resistant in fl uenza viruses A (H1N1), Norway, 2007–08. \nEmerg Infect Dis. 2009;15:155–62. DOI: 10.3201/eid1502.081031\n 7. Lau SK, Chan KH, Yip CC, Ng TK, Tsang OT, Woo PC, et al. \nConfi rmation of the fi rst Hong Kong case of human infection by \nnovel swine origin in fl uenza A (H1N1) virus diagnosed using ul-\ntrarapid, real-time reverse transcriptase PCR. J Clin Microbiol. 2009;47:2344–6. DOI: 10.1128/JCM.00924-09\n 8. Kiso M, Mitamura K, Sakai-Tagawa Y , Shiraishi K, Kawakami C, \nKimura K, et al. Resistant in fl uenza A viruses in children treated \nwith oseltamivir: descriptive study. Lancet. 2004;364:759–65. DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(04)16934-1\n 9. Le QM, Kiso M, Someya K, Sakai YT, Nguyen TH, Nguyen KH, \net al. Avian fl u: isolation of drug-resistant H5N1 virus. Nature. \n2005;437:1108. DOI: 10.1038/4371108a\n10. de Jong MD, Tran TT, Truong HK, V o MH, Smith GJ, Nguyen \nVC, et al. Oseltamivir resistance during treatment of in fl uenza A \n(H5N1) infection. N Engl J Med. 2005;353:2667–72. DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa054512\n11. Rayner JM, Zhang J, Smith J, Wu W, Lau S, Zhao P, et al. Naturally \noccurring antiviral drug resistance in avian H5N1 virus. In: Katz JM, editor. Options for the control of in fl uenza. Toronto: International \nMedical Press; 2007. p. 154–6.\n12. Yen HL, Herlocher LM, Hoffmann E, Matrosovich MN, Monto \nAS, Webster RG, et al. Neuraminidase inhibitor-resistant in fl u-\nenza viruses may differ substantially in fi tness and transmissibility. \nAntimicrob Agents Chemother. 2005;49:4075–84. DOI: 10.1128/AAC.49.10.4075-4084.2005\n13. Ives JA, Carr JA, Mendel DB, Tai CY , Lambkin R, Kelly L, et al. \nThe H274Y mutation in the in fl uenza A/H1N1 neuraminidase active \nsite following oseltamivir phosphate treatment leave virus severely compromised both in vitro and in vivo. Antiviral Res. 2002;55:307–17. DOI: 10.1016/S0166-3542(02)00053-0\n14. Molla A, Kati W, Carrick R, Steffy K, Shi Y , Montgomery D, et al. \nIn vitro selection and characterization of in fl uenza A (A/N9) virus \nvariants resistant to a novel neuraminidase inhibitor, A-315675. J Virol. 2002;76:5380–6. DOI: 10.1128/JVI.76.11.5380-5386.2002\n15. Yen HL, Ilyushina NA, Salomon R, Hoffmann E, Webster RG, \nGovorkova EA. Neuraminidase inhibitor-resistant recombinant A/Vietnam/1203/04 (H5N1) in fl uenza viruses retain their rep-\nlication ef fi ciency and pathogenicity in vitro and in vivo. J Virol. \n2007;81:12418–26. DOI: 10.1128/JVI.01067-07\nAddress for correspondence: Kwok-Yung Yuen, Department of \nMicrobiology, Centre for Infection and Division of Infectious Diseases, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Pokfulam Rd, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People’s Republic of China; email: kyyuen@hkucc.hku.hkDISPATCHES\n1972 Emerging Infectious Diseases • www.cdc.gov/eid • Vol. 15, No. 12, December 2009All material published in Emerging Infectious Diseases is in the \npublic domain and may be used and reprinted without special permission; proper citation, however, is required.\nSearch past issues of EID at www.cdc.gov/eid Outbreak of Antiviral \nDrug–Resistant \nInfl uenza A in \nLong-Term Care \nFacility, Illinois, \nUSA, 2008 \nNila J. Dharan,1 Monica Patton,1 Alicia M. Siston,2 \nJulie Morita, Enrique Ramirez, Teresa R. Wallis, \nVarough Deyde, Larisa V. Gubareva, \nAlexander I. Klimov, Joseph S. Bresee, \nand Alicia M. Fry\nAn outbreak of oseltamivir-resistant in fl uenza A (H1N1) \noccurred in a long-term care facility. Eight (47%) of 17 and 1 (6%) of 16 residents in 2 wards had oseltamivir-resistant infl uenza A virus (H1N1) infections. Initial outbreak response \nincluded treatment and prophylaxis with oseltamivir. The out-break abated, likely because of infection control measures.\nOutbreaks of in fl uenza virus infection cause illness and \ndeath, especially among residents of long-term care \nfacilities (LTCFs). In addition to annual vaccination and in-fection control measures, antiviral agents for treatment and prophylaxis are useful components for control of in fl uenza \noutbreaks in LTCFs ( 1–4), especially in years with vaccine \nstrain mismatches ( 4).\nTwo classes of antiviral agents are licensed for use in \nthe United States: adamantanes (amantadine and rimanta-dine) and neuraminidase inhibitors (oseltamivir and zana-mivir). Circulation of in fl uenza A viruses resistant to both \nclasses of antiviral agents, A (H3N2) to adamantanes and A (H1N1) to oseltamivir, was reported during the 2007–08 infl uenza season ( 5). We describe an outbreak of illness \nin an LTCF caused by 2 in fl uenza viruses, an oseltamivir-\nresistant A virus (H1N1) and an adamantane-resistant A virus (H3N2), during January 2008.\nThe Study\nThe LTCF in Illinois provides housing, healthcare \nservices, and recreational activities for residents with neu-rologic and developmental medical conditions. During the \noutbreak, the LTCF housed 583 residents. Building A, the main site of the in fl uenza outbreak, housed 108 residents \nin 6 wards; 104 (96%) received the 2007–08 in fl uenza vac-\ncine. Of the 685 LTCF employees involved in direct patient care, 385 (56%) received the 2007–08 in fl uenza vaccine \non site.\nWe de fi ned a con fi rmed case as a positive rapid or \nreverse transcription–PCR result for in fl uenza virus from \nJanuary 20 through February 8, 2008, in a resident of the LTCF. Surveillance for new case-patients included obtain-ing a nasopharyngeal specimen from all residents with new onset of fever or respiratory symptoms or any unusual be-havior within 24 hours after illness onset. All specimens were tested by using the QuickVue A and B In fl uenza Test \n(Quidel, San Diego, CA, USA). A second specimen was obtained from all persons with positive rapid test results and some (57%) from persons with negative results for con fi r-\nmation of in fl uenza virus infection and virus subtyping by \nreverse transcription–PCR. Medical records, vaccination records, resident activity, and visitor logs were reviewed.\nTesting for antiviral drug resistance was conducted di-\nrectly on clinical specimens by pyrosequencing as described (6,7), including identi fi cation of the oseltamivir resistance–\nconferring H274Y mutation in the neuraminidase gene of infl uenza viruses (H1N1) (H275Y in N1 numbering) and \nthe adamantane resistance–conferring mutations in the ma-trix 2 protein ( 7,8). The HA1 portion of the hemagglutinin \n(HA) gene of the outbreak viruses was sequenced and com-pared with those of epidemiologically relevant viruses.\nPhylogenetic analysis of HA1 was performed by using \nMEGA version 4.0.1 software ( 9). A phylogenetic tree was \ninferred by using maximum composite likelihood available in MEGA version 4.0.1. The outbreak investigation was considered a public health response and granted exemption from review by the Institutional Review Board of the Cen-ters for Disease Control and Prevention.\nOn January 27, the fi rst 3 residents with fever or respi-\nratory symptoms in ward 1 within building A were positive for in fl uenza A virus infection by rapid test (Figure 1). On \nJanuary 28, outbreak infection control measures were initi-ated in all 6 wards, including surveillance for new cases, 5 days of treatment with oseltamivir for con fi rmed cases, \nand 14 days of prophylaxis with oseltamivir for all healthy residents in wards with con fi rmed case-patients ( 2). Con-\nfi rmed case-patients were quarantined in their rooms for \n10 days; all residents in all 6 wards were quarantined for 10 days, and visitor movement was restricted. Staff and \n Emerging Infectious Diseases • www.cdc.gov/eid • Vol. 15, No. 12, December 2009 1973 1Current af fi liation: New York University School of Medicine, New \nYork, New York, USA.\n2Current af fi liation: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, \nAtlanta, Georgia, USA.Author af fi liations: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, At-\nlanta, Georgia, USA (N.J. Dharan, M. Patton, T.W. Wallis, V. Deyde, L.V. Gubareva, A.I. Klimov, J.S. Bresee, A.M. Fry); and Chicago Department of Public Health, Chicago, Illinois, USA (A.M. Siston, J. Morita, E. Ramirez)\nDOI: 10.3201/eid1512.081644 visitors were required to use personal protective equipment \nand practice respiratory and hand hygiene. Prescriptions for prophylactic courses of oseltamivir and in fl uenza vac-\ncinations were offered to all staff of building A; uptake was not recorded.\nFrom January 28 through January 31, 2008, a total of \n6 additional con fi rmed case-patients were identi fi ed. Eight \n(47%) of 17 residents in ward 1 and 1 (6%) of 16 residents in ward 2 were infected with in fl uenza A viruses (H1N1) \nthat contained the H274Y mutation but did not have mark-ers of resistance to adamantanes or zanamivir.\nOn January 30, high fever developed in a male resident \nin ward 3 while on the fi rst day of a home visit (Figure 1). \nHe returned to building A on January 31, was positive for infl uenza by rapid test, and was placed in ward 2 in an at-\ntempt to group him with other already ill residents. Because of an ongoing outbreak in other nearby wards, oseltamivir prophylaxis was initiated for all residents in ward 3 who were not ill. On February 1, symptoms developed in 2 other residents in ward 3 who were positive for in fl uenza by rap-\nid test. Three (18%) con fi rmed cases of in fl uenza A virus \n(H3N2) resistant to adamantanes but sensitive to oseltami-vir were detected among 17 residents in ward 3. Additional cases, but no clusters, were detected in other buildings 1–2 weeks later.Characteristics of case-patients are shown in the Ta-\nble. Establishing a fi rm epidemiologic link between cases, \nother than ward of residency, was not possible. Antivi-ral drug resistance results became available on February 7 when all case-patients had completed their treatment courses. Ongoing prophylaxis courses were changed: os-eltamivir was replaced with rimantadine in ward 1, and rimantadine was added to oseltamivir in ward 2. Prophy-laxis with oseltamivir alone was continued in ward 3. Zanamivir could not be used by most residents because of underlying conditions.\nSequence analysis of the HA1 gene in outbreak in fl u-\nenza A viruses (H1N1) showed identical or nearly iden-tical sequences, differing by only 1 or 2 nt (Figure 2). These viruses were phylogenetically more closely related to A/Brisbane/59/2007 (H1N1) than to the A/Solomon Islands/3/2006, the in fl uenza A virus (H1N1) strain in the \n2007–08 in fl uenza vaccine. GenBank accession numbers \nof HA (HA1) sequences for the 9 oseltamivir-resistant in-fl uenza A viruses (H1N1) are FJ231752–FJ231760.\nConclusions\nThe attack rate of illness caused by oseltamivir-re-\nsistant in fl uenza A viruses (H1N1) in ward 1 was within \nthe range (20%–80%) reported for other facility in fl uenza \noutbreaks ( 1,10,11), indicating effective person-to-person \ntransmission of oseltamivir-resistant in fl uenza A viruses \n(H1N1). Nosocomial transmission of oseltamivir-resis-tant in fl uenza A viruses (H1N1), with possible healthcare \nworker involvement, has been described ( 12). We were un-DISPATCHES\n1974 Emerging Infectious Diseases • www.cdc.gov/eid • Vol. 15, No. 12, December 20090123\n24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19\nDate of illness onsetNo. casesBuilding A, H1N1, Ward 1\nBuilding A, H1N1, Ward 2\nBuilding A, H3N2, Ward 3\nBuilding B, H1N1\nBuilding C, H3N2\nBuilding C, BOutbreak control response: in fection control initiated in \nBuilding A; oseltamivir treatment and prophylaxis in Ward 1\nEmpiric antiviral drugs changed to oseltamivir and rimantadineOseltamivir treatment and prophylaxis in \nWard 3Oseltamivir treatment and prophylaxis in Ward 2\nJan Feb\nFigure 1. Number of cases of in fl uenza by date of symptom onset \nand outbreak control protocol during an in fl uenza A outbreak in a \nlong-term care facility, Illinois, USA, 2008. Retrospective medical chart review of all nontested building A residents identi fi ed 1 \npotential missed case-patient with in fl uenza who had symptom \nonset on January 29. Additional cases were detected in 2 other residential buildings in the long-term care facility (buildings B and C). Building B housed 53 residents in 4 wards and building C housed 16 residents in 1 ward. All (100%) of residents in both buildings had received the 2007–08 in fl uenza vaccine. Of the 16 \nrapid test specimens with negative results from all 3 buildings that were subjected to con fi rmatory testing, 5 (31%) were positive by \nreverse transcription–PCR for in fl uenza A virus (H1N1).\nA/Illinois/10/2008\nA/Illinois/12/2008\nA/Illinois/11/2008\nA/Illinois/02/2008\nA/Illinois/08/2008\nA/Illinois/09/2008\nA/Illinois/03/2008\nA/Illinois/07/2008\nA/Illinois/13/2008\nA/Illinois/10/2007\nA/Indiana/01/2008\nA/Illinois/04/2008\nA/South Dakota/06/2007\nA/Pennsylvania/05/2008\nA/Texas/70/2007\nA/Alaska/13/2007\nA/Brisbane/59/2007\nA/Colorado/39/2007\nA/Texas/05/2007\nA/Maryland/01/2007\nA/Oregon/07/2007\nA/Hawaii/38/2007\nA/Massachusetts/01/2008\nA/Solomon Islands/03/2006\nA/New Jersey/09/2007\nA/New York/UR06 -0326/2007\nA/Tennessee/04/2007\nA/Nebraska/02/2007\nA/Massachusetts/04/2007\nA/Texas/31/2007\nA/New Caledonia/20/1999\n0.005Clade 2B\nClade 2C\nClade 2A\nClade 1C629TG360A\nA114G\nFigure 2. Phylogenetic analysis of the hemagglutinin gene (HA1 \nportion) of in fl uenza A viruses (H1N1) isolated during an in fl uenza \nA outbreak in a long-term care facility, Illinois, USA, 2008. Viruses from buildings A and B shared nearly identical sequences. One of the viruses from building B was more similar in sequence to 1 virus from building A. However, this fi nding could re fl ect natural variance in \ncirculating viruses. Red indicates outbreak viruses, boldface italics \nindicates vaccine strain for 2008–09, boldface indicates vaccine \nstrain for 2007–08, and arrows indicate nucleotide differences in HA1 subunit. Scale bar indicates nucleotide substitutions per site. Outbreak of Antiviral Drug–Resistant In fl uenza A\nable to assess staff illness in this investigation. Before the \n2007–08 in fl uenza season, transmission of neuraminidase-\nresistant in fl uenza viruses had rarely been reported ( 13).\nAlthough we documented a relatively high attack rate \nin 1 ward (ward 1), and despite resistance to the antivi-ral agent initially used, the outbreak abated quickly. High annual vaccination rates among residents and relatively high rates among employees ( 2) may have played a role in \nlimiting the spread of the outbreak viruses. However, the A/Brisbane/59/2007 (H1N1)–like outbreak viruses were not optimally matched to the A/Solomon Islands/3/2006 (H1N1) vaccine strain ( 14). Also, infection control mea-\nsures, such as isolation and quarantine, likely played a role in controlling this outbreak.\nThe proportion of circulating in fl uenza viruses resistant \nto oseltamivir increased from 12% during the 2007–08 sea-son to 99% during the 2008–09 season in the United States, and new interim guidelines for use of antiviral agents were released in December 2008 ( 15). These guidelines were up-\ndated for the 2009–10 season to account for the emergence of pandemic (H1N1) 2009 virus in September 2009 (www.cdc.gov/h1n1 fl u/recommendations.htm). This outbreak un-\nderscores the possibility of 2 in fl uenza A viruses, with dif-\nferent antiviral susceptibilities, in the same facility. During a facility outbreak of in fl uenza, providers should consult antiviral recommendations of the Centers for Disease Con-\ntrol and Prevention and obtain in fl uenza virus typing and \nsubtyping to guide appropriate antiviral drug choices.\nAcknowledgments\nWe thank the medical director and medical and administra-\ntive staff of the LTCF for assistance with this investigation.\nAt the time of this study, Dr Dharan was an Epidemic Intel-\nligence Service Of fi cer in the In fl uenza Division, National Center \nfor Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. She is currently an infectious diseases fellow at New York University School of Medicine. Her research interests are clinical characteristics and epidemiology of respira-tory viruses.\nReferences\n 1. Arden NH. Control of in fl uenza in the long-term-care facility: a re-\nview of established approaches and newer options. Infect Control \nHosp Epidemiol. 2000;21:59–64. DOI: 10.1086/501702\n 2. Fiore AE, Shay DK, Broder K, Iskander JK, Uyeki TM, Mootrey \nG, et al. Prevention and control of in fl uenza: recommendations of \nthe Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP), 2008. \nMMWR Recomm Rep. 2008;57(RR-7):1–60.\n 3. Hota S, McGeer A. Antivirals and the control of in fl uenza outbreaks. \nClin Infect Dis. 2007;45:1362–8. DOI: 10.1086/522661\n Emerging Infectious Diseases • www.cdc.gov/eid • Vol. 15, No. 12, December 2009 1975 Table. Characteristics of 12 confirmed influenza case-patients in building A, long-term care facility, Illinois, USA, 2008* \nInfluenza virus subtype \nCharacteristic A (H1) (n = 9) A (H3) (n = 3) \nAge, y, median (range) 29 (14–47) 32 (21–37) \nAny underlying medical conditions 9 (100) 3 (100) \n Neurologic disorders 9 (100) 3 (100) \n Gastrointestinal disorders 8 (89) 3 (100) \n Pulmonary disease 2 (22) 2 (67) \nFever >100.5°F 9 (100) 3 (100) \nCough 7 (78) 2 (67) \nDesaturation 4 (44) 1 (33) \n Lowest % oxygen saturation, median (range) 88.5 (88–92) 92 (NA) \n Elevated or new oxygen requirement 2 (22) 0\nDifficulty breathing 2 (22) 1 (33) \nIncreased secretions 3 (33) 2 (67) \nIncreased respiratory rate 3 (33) 0\nLethargy 1 (11) 0\nDistress 3 (33) 0\nElevated level of care 4 (44) 1 (33) \nHospitalized† 1 (11) 0\n Length of stay, d 1 NA\nClinical treatment \n Antimicrobial drugs 3 (33) 0\n Antipyretics 9 (100) 3 (100) \n Nebulizer (albuterol) 3 (33) 1 (33) \nReceived 2007–08 influenza vaccine 8 (89) 3 (100) \nDied‡ 1 (11) 0\n*All values are no. (%) case-patients except as indicated. NA, not applicable. \n†One case-patient was hospitalized for parotitis to rule out infection with mumps and was discharged in stable condition after 1 day. \n‡One case-patient who had a diagnosis of end-stage lung disease and a do not resuscitate/do not intubate directive died. 4. Patriarca PA, Arden NH, Koplan JP, Goodman RA. Prevention and \ncontrol of type A in fl uenza infections in nursing homes. Bene fi ts and \ncosts of four approaches using vaccination and amantadine. Ann In-tern Med. 1987;107:732–40.\n 5. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. In fl uenza activity–Unit-\ned States and worldwide, 2007–08 season. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2008;57:692–7.\n 6. Bright RA, Medina MJ, Xu X, Perez-Oronoz G, Wallis TR, Davis \nXM, et al. Incidence of adamantane resistance among in fl uenza A \n(H3N2) viruses isolated worldwide from 1994 to 2005: a cause for concern. Lancet. 2005;366:1175–81. DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(05)67338-2\n 7. Deyde VM, Okomo-Adhiambo M, Sheu TG, Wallis TR, Fry \nA, Dharan N, et al. Pyrosequencing as a tool to detect molecular markers of resistance to neuraminidase inhibitors in seasonal in-fl uenza A viruses. Antiviral Res. 2009;81:16–24. DOI: 10.1016/j.\nantiviral.2008.08.008\n 8. Deyde VM, Xu X, Bright RA, Shaw M, Smith CB, Zhang Y , et \nal. Surveillance of resistance to adamantanes among in fl uenza \nA(H3N2) and A(H1N1) viruses isolated worldwide. J Infect Dis. 2007;196:249–57. DOI: 10.1086/518936\n 9. Tamura K, Dudley J, Nei M, Kumar S. MEGA4: Molecular Evolu-\ntionary Genetics Analysis (MEGA) software version 4.0. Mol Biol Evol. 2007;24:1596–9. DOI: 10.1093/molbev/msm092\n10. Cohen NJ, Morita JY , Plate DK, Jones RC, Simon MT, Nawrocki \nJ, et al. Control of an outbreak due to an adamantane-resistant strain of in fl uenza A (H3N2) in a chronic care facility. Infection. \n2008;36:458–62. DOI: 10.1007/s15010-008-7295-911. Bradley SF. Prevention of in fl uenza in long-term-care facilities. \nLong-Term-Care Committee of the Society for Healthcare Epidemi-ology of America. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 1999;20:629–37. DOI: 10.1086/501687\n12. Gooskens J, Jonges M, Claas EC, Meijer A, van den Broek PJ, Kroes \nAM. Morbidity and mortality associated with nosocomial trans-mission of oseltamivir-resistant in fl uenza A(H1N1) virus. JAMA. \n2009;301:1042–6. DOI: 10.1001/jama.2009.297\n13. Hatakeyama S, Sugaya N, Ito M, Yamazaki M, Ichikawa M, Kimura \nK, et al. Emergence of in fl uenza B viruses with reduced sensitiv-\nity to neuraminidase inhibitors. JAMA. 2007;297:1435–42. DOI: 10.1001/jama.297.13.1435\n14. Recommended composition of in fl uenza virus vaccines for use in the \n2008–2009 in fl uenza season. Wkly Epidemiol Rec. 2008;83:81–7.\n15. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Issues interim rec-\nommendations for the use of in fl uenza antiviral medications in \nthe setting of oseltamivir resistance among circulating in fl uenza A \n(H1N1) viruses, 2008–09 in fl uenza season [cited 2009 Jan 2]. Avail-\nable from http://www2a.cdc.gov/HAN/ArchiveSys/ViewMsgV .asp?AlertNum=00279\nAddress for correspondence: Alicia M. Fry, In fl uenza Division, Centers \nfor Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Rd, Mailstop A32, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA; email: agf1@cdc.govDISPATCHES\n1976 Emerging Infectious Diseases • www.cdc.gov/eid • Vol. 15, No. 12, December 2009\n Sympatry of \n2 Hantavirus \nStrains, Paraguay, \n2003–2007 \nYong-Kyu Chu, Douglas Goodin, \nRobert D. Owen,1 David Koch, \nand Colleen B. Jonsson\nTo explore geographic and host-taxonomic patterns of \nhantaviruses in Paraguay, we established sampling sites in the Mbaracayú Biosphere Reserve. We detected Jaborá vi-rus and Itapúa37/Juquitiba–related virus in locations ≈20 m \napart in different years, which suggested sympatry of 2 dis-tinct hantaviruses.\nHantaviruses are rodent-borne viruses that may cause \nhemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome or hantavirus \npulmonary syndrome in humans, although some strains do not cause disease ( 1,2). In Paraguay in 1995, Laguna Ne-\ngra virus carried by Calomys laucha (little laucha) caused \nan outbreak of hantavirus pulmonary syndrome in western Paraguay ( 3). \nWe have identi fi ed 4 additional strains in Paraguay: \nAlto Paraguay virus harbored by Holochilus chacarius \n(Chacoan marsh rat) in western Paraguay; and Ape Aime virus (AAIV) harbored by Akodon montensis (Montane \nakodont), Itapúa virus strain 37 (IPV37) harbored by Oli-\ngoryzomys nigripes (black-footed colilargo), and Bermejo \nvirus strain Ñeembucu harbored by O. chacoensis (Cha-\ncoan colilargo) in eastern Paraguay ( 4,5). We have contin-\nued our surveillance of hantaviruses in the interior Atlantic forests within and near Reserva Natural del Bosque Mbara-cayú (RNBM), a World Biosphere Reserve located within Departamento Canindeyú in eastern Paraguay (Figure 1).\nThe Study\nWe established and sampled 10 mark-recapture sites \nwithin and adjacent to RNBM during 2003–2007. Sampling of grids depended upon weather conditions, the purpose of the grid, and transitory human settlements. Each mark-re-capture grid consisted of an 11 × 11 array of trap stations spaced 10 m apart, each of which had 1 standard live trap (H.B. Sherman Traps, Tallahassee, FL, USA) placed on the ground, and another in branches or vines 2–3 m above ground to capture arboreal species. Grids were sampled for 8 nights, with at least 2 months between sampling sessions. Rodents captured in the mark-recapture grids were individ-ually marked with passive integrated transponder tags, and ≈100 μL of blood was collected from the retroorbital sinus \n(once per trapping session). Animals were identi fi ed to spe-\ncies, age class, reproductive condition, sex, and weight and released.\nRodents were also collected in a series of traplines, \neach of which contained 50 traps placed ≈10 m apart. Ani-\nmals collected in traplines were killed, standard collecting information was recorded, and liver, lung, heart, kidney, muscle tissues, and blood specimens were collected. All samples were snap-frozen in liquid nitrogen, transported to the Museum of Texas Tech University (TTU), and stored at –80°C. Standard voucher specimens were prepared from these animals, and have or will be deposited in the Muse-um of TTU or the Museo Nacional de Historia Natural del Paraguay. All fi eld protocols followed American Society of \nMammologists guidelines for the use of wild mammals in research ( 6), and were reviewed and approved by the TTU \nAnimal Care and Use Committee.\nA total of 1,150 small mammals from >20 species \nwere captured, including 13 sigmodontine rodent species \n Emerging Infectious Diseases • www.cdc.gov/eid • Vol. 15, No. 12, December 2009 1977 1Current af fi liation: Martín Barrios 2230 c/ Pizarro, Barrio \nRepublicano, Asunción, Paraguay.Author af fi litions: Southern Research Institute, Birmingham, Ala-\nbama, USA (Y.-K. Chu, C.B. Jonsson); Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas, USA (D. Goodin, D. Koch); Texas Tech Uni-versity, Lubbock, Texas, USA (R.D. Owen); and University of Louis-ville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA (C.B. Jonsson)\nDOI: 10.3201/eid1512.090338Figure 1. Satellite image of collection sites of hantavirus RNA–\npositive rodents, including selected Juquitiba virus (circles) and Jaborá virus (triangles) samples, Paraguay, 2003–2007. Inset shows location of study site in Paraguay. OLFO, Oligoryzomys \nfornesi ; OLNI, O. nigripes ; OLSP, Oligoryzomys sp.; AKMO, Akodon \nmontensis .\n (1,140 animals) (online Technical Appendix, available \nfrom www.cdc.gov/EID/content/15/12/1977-Techapp.pdf). The dominant rodent species in Mbaracayú were A. mon-\ntensis (55.7%), Necromys lasiurus (hairy-tailed akodont) \n(10.8%), C. callosus (big laucha) (6.5%), and O. fornesi \n(Fornes’ colilargo) (6.3%).\nAntibodies to hantavirus antigens were detected in \nblood specimens by using an indirect immuno fl uorescent an-\ntibody assay and irradiation-sterilized slides of Vero E6 cells infected with Andes virus as described ( 4). Seven species \nwere antibody positive: A. montensis , N. lasiurus , O. forne-\nsi, O. nigripes , Oligoryzomys sp., Oryzomys megacephalus \n(Azara’s broad-headed Oryzomys sp.), and Oxymycterus de-\nlator (Paraguayan hocicudo). Antibodies to hantavirus anti-\ngens were 3× more abundant in blood samples from males than females (online Technical Appendix).\nTotal RNA was extracted from antibody-positive \nblood clots from mark-recapture samples or lung tissue from killed animals. Nested reverse transcription–PCR was performed to amplify a 371-nt small (S) hantavirus RNA segment ( 4). Hantavirus RNA was detected in 23 A. mon-\ntensis , 5 O. fornesi , 1 O. nigripes , and 1 Oligoryzomys sp. \nOf these animals, all but 2 A. montensis were males, which \nindicated that male rodents play the primary role in mainte-nance and transmission of hantavirus.\nA representative sample (15 A. montensis , 3 O. fornesi , \n1 O. nigripes , and 1 Oligoryzomys sp.) were selected for \nadditional PCR, sequencing, and phylogenetic analysis. PCR-ampli fi ed cDNAs of a 1,014-nt amino terminus re-\ngion of the S segment were puri fi\n ed by agarose gel electro-\nphoresis and cloned into pCRII (Invitrogen, Carlsbad, CA, USA) ( 4,5). M13 forward and reverse primers were used \nfor sequencing. For sequence comparison and phylogenetic analysis, sequences of representative New and Old World hantaviruses were obtained from GenBank. Phylogeny re-construction was conducted by using Modeltest version 3.6 analysis (http://darwin.uvigo.es/software/modeltest.html.), maximum-likelihood estimation, and Bayesian inference (Figure 2).\nBayesian analysis based on the 1,014-nt sequence \nshowed that all sequences from A. montensis formed a \nstrongly supported clade, which included AAIV-related hantaviruses from Itapúa Department, Jaborá virus (JABV) from southern Brazil, and strains from RNBM in Paraguay (Figure 2, clade C1). Phylogenetic analyses identi fi ed 3 \nsubclades representing virus sequences from animals in the RNBM, Itapúa, and southern Brazil. This type of geograph-ic clustering is similar to Sin Nombre–related viruses in deer mice in North America ( 7). All S segment sequences \nfrom A. montensis were closely related, with nucleotide se-\nquence differences between RNBM strains and AAIV and JABV of 4% and 12%, respectively, and derived amino acid differences of 0% or 1%, respectively (Table 1).In contrast, all virus sequences from O. fornesi , O. ni-\ngripes , and Oryzomys sp. at RNBM formed a strongly sup-\nported clade with viruses related to Juquitiba virus (JUQV) from Brazil and Itapúa virus strain 37, which was originally detected in O. nigripes from Itapúa Department in eastern \nParaguay (Figure 2, clade C2d). Nucleotide sequence dif-ferences between JUQV strains from RNBM were 0%–2%. Nucleotide sequence differences between JUQV strains from RNBM and Itapúa virus strain 37 or JUQV (Brazil) were 5% or 4%, respectively, and derived amino acid dif-ferences were 0% (Table 1). This clade is phylogenetically DISPATCHES\n1978 Emerging Infectious Diseases • www.cdc.gov/eid • Vol. 15, No. 12, December 2009\nFigure 2. Phylogenetic tree based on Bayesian analysis of the \nsmall (S) segment of American hantaviruses, Paraguay, 2003–2007. The tree is based on 1,014 nucleotides of partial S segment of North and South American hantaviruses. Clades (upper case letters), subclades (numbers), and groups (lower case letters) are indicated on the left. Numerical values at the nodes indicate posterior probabilities that supported each interior branch. Scale bar indicates mean number of nucleotide substitutions per site. Alignment and editing of nucleotide sequences were conducted by using Vector NTI version 10.3.1 (Invitrogen, Carlsbad, CA, USA). Sample identi fi er numbers are the same as in Figure 1. Complete \nsequencing and abbreviation information is available online at www.cdc.gov/EID/content/15/12/1977-F2.htm. Sympatry of 2 Hantavirus Strains, Paraguay\ndistinct from viruses that form the Akodon montensis clade \nat RNBM and more closely related to Andes (clade C2b) and Bermejo-Ñeembucú (clade C2a) viruses. This fi nding \nsuggests that spillover infection of JUQV-related viruses is actively occurring among oryzomyine rodent species at RNBM, as reported for other hantaviruses in oryzomyines (8) and other rodent hosts of Old World hantaviruses ( 9,10). \nAdditional data are needed to determine the primary oryzo-myine reservoir of JUQV and to better understand mecha-nisms by which spillover occurs.\nIn addition to spillover infection of JUQV among ory-\nzomyine rodents, we identi fi ed 2 virus strains (JUQV and \nJABV) in close proximity (collected ≈20 m apart on the \nsame grid in the same sampling session) on 2 occasions, in sites separated by ≈30 km (Figure 1; Table 2). Thus, these 2 \ndistinct hantaviruses appear to be maintaining a sympatric status across a considerable expanse of landscape, rather than re fl ecting a temporary or localized phenomenon. We \nuse the term sympatric to underscore that these viruses are in the same community and are near enough (their rodent reservoirs) to interact.Conclusions\nCoexistence of hantaviruses in 2 rodent species at \nmark-recapture sites has been observed ( 11–13). Serolog-\nic analyses in these studies would not have differentiated whether distinct strains of hantaviruses were co-circulating or active spillover infection was occurring among sym-patric rodents at collection sites. Recently, Raboni et al. reported JUQV circulating in 3 sympatric rodent species in southern Brazil and 2 distinct hantaviruses (Jabora and JUQV) in 1 rodent species ( A. montensis ) (14). We have \nnot detected JUQV in A. montensis in Paraguay. To address \nhost-jumping of hantaviruses among sympatric rodent spe-cies in RNBM and other regions in South America, future longitudinal studies are warranted. Such studies are critical to understanding evolutionary adaptation of hantaviruses in rodents in South America, the ability of these viruses to adapt to new rodent reservoirs, and their emergence and maintenance in the environment.\nAcknowledgments\nWe thank Robert J. Baker and Heath Garner for approving \nand facilitating loans of rodent tissues; the Secretaría del Ambi-ente (Paraguay) for providing permits to collect and export rodents \n Emerging Infectious Diseases • www.cdc.gov/eid • Vol. 15, No. 12, December 2009 1979 Table 1. Nucleotide and amino acid sequence similarities of small gene segments among hantaviruses identified in Paraguay and \nnearby countries, 2003–2007* \nVirus LANV RIOMV ALPA JABVJABV\nAkmo_006 AAI ANDVBMJV-\nNEBU IPV37JUQV \nOlfo_777 JUQV PRGV ARAV\nLANV – 83 78 75 75 76 79 80 80 80 80 78 78\nRIOMV 93 – 81 77 78 77 80 80 79 79 78 79 79\nALPA 92 96 – 77 77 78 78 78 78 77 77 77 78\nJABV 85 89 88 – 88 89 76 77 78 77 78 75 77\nJABV Akmo_006 86 88 88 99 – 96 76 75 77 76 76 75 76\nAAIV 88 90 90 99 99 – 77 76 77 77 77 76 76\nANDV 90 90 89 86 86 88 – 83 82 81 82 82 82\nBMJV-NEBU 89 90 88 86 85 88 98 – 84 83 84 82 81\nIPV37 90 90 89 86 86 88 96 95 – 95 95 83 81\nJUQV_Olfo_777 89 88 87 86 86 87 96 94 100 – 96 82 80\nJUQV 90 90 89 86 85 88 96 95 100 100 – 82 81\nPRGV 90 90 89 85 84 87 96 95 93 92 93 – 83\nARAV 91 91 90 90 89 90 96 94 94 94 94 96 –\n*Values above the diagonal are percentage nucleotide sequence similarities, and values below the diagonal are percentage amino acid sequence \nsimilarities. LANV, Laguna Negra virus; RIOMV, Rio Mamore virus; ALPA, Alto Paraguay virus; JABV, Jaborá virus; AAIV, Ape Aime virus; ANDV, Andes \nvirus; BMJV-NEBU, Bermejo virus from Ñeembucú; IPV37, Itapúa virus strain 37; JUQV, Juquitiba virus; PRGV, Pergamino virus; ARA V, Araraquara \nvirus. \nTable 2. Incidence of sympatry of 2 hantaviruses and their presumed reservoirs, Paraguay, 2003–2007* \nID no. Species Collection date Collection site Virus antibody Virus RNA \n2005 Sep 15–18 Mark-recapture ––\n2005 Nov 12, 15, 17 + +JAB_Akmo_006 Akodon montensis\n2006 Feb 27–Mar 6 + +\n2005 Feb 14–16 – – JUQV_Olfo_777 Oligoryzomys fornesi\n2005 Sep 12 + +\nJAB_Akmo_276 A.montensis 2007 Jun 12 Trapline + +\nJUQV_Olsp_687 Oligoryzomys sp. 2006 Aug 18 ++\nJAB_Akmo_021 Akodon montensis 2003 Sep 12 Trapline + +\nJUQV_Olni_030 O.nigripes 2003 Sep 13 ++\n*ID, identification; JAB, Jaborá virus; JUQV, Juquitiba virus. and tissues; and the fi eld crew, led by Ismael Mora, for dedication \nto their work, regardless of circumstances.\nThis work was supported by a grant from the Fogarty Inter-\nnational Center (1 R01 TW006986-01) to C.B.J. under the Na-tional Institutes of Health–National Science Foundation Ecology of Infectious Diseases initiative.\nDr Chu is a research scientist at Southern Research Institute. \nHis research interests include the ecology and evolution of han-taviruses.\nReferences\n 1. Schmaljohn C, Hjelle B. Hantaviruses: a global disease problem. \nEmerg Infect Dis. 1997;3:95–104.\n 2. Vapalahti O, Mustonen J, Lundkvist A, Henttonen H, Plyusnin \nA, Vaheri A. Hantavirus infections in Europe. Lancet Infect Dis. 2003;3:653–61. DOI: 10.1016/S1473-3099(03)00774-6\n 3. Johnson AM, Bowen MD, Ksiazek TG, Williams RJ, Bryan RT, \nMills JN, et al. Laguna Negra virus associated with HPS in western Paraguay and Bolivia. Virology. 1997;238:115–27. DOI: 10.1006/viro.1997.8840\n 4. Chu YK, Owen RD, Gonzalez LM, Jonsson CB. The complex ecolo-\ngy of hantavirus in Paraguay. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2003;69:263–8.\n 5. Chu YK, Milligan B, Owen RD, Goodin DG, Jonsson CB. Phyloge-\nnetic and geographical relationships of hantavirus strains in eastern and western Paraguay. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2006;75:1127–34.\n 6. Gannon WL, Sikes RS; Animal Care and Use Committee of the \nAmerican Society of Mammalogists. Guidelines of the Ameri-can Society of Mammalogists for the use of wild mammals in re-search. Journal of Mammalogy. 2007;88:809–23. DOI: 10.1644/06-MAMM-F-185R1.1\n 7. Monroe MC, Morzunov SP, Johnson AM, Bowen MD, Artsob H, \nYates T, et al. Genetic diversity and distribution of Peromyscus -borne \nhantaviruses in North America. Emerg Infect Dis. 1999;5:75–86. 8. Torrez-Martinez N, Bharadwaj M, Goade D, Delury J, Moran P, \nHicks B, et al. Bayou virus-associated hantavirus pulmonary syn-drome in eastern Texas: identi fi cation of the rice rat, Oryzomys \npalustris , as reservoir host. Emerg Infect Dis. 1998;4:105–11.\n 9. Klingstrom J, Heyman P, Escutenaire S, Sjölander KB, De Jaegere \nF, Henttonen H, et al. Rodent host speci fi city of European hantavi-\nruses: evidence of Puumala virus interspeci fi c spillover. J Med Virol. \n2002;68:581–8. DOI: 10.1002/jmv.10232\n10. Weidmann M, Schmidt P, Vackova M, Krivanec K, Munclinger \nP, Hufert FT. Identi fi cation of genetic evidence for Dobrava virus \nspillover in rodents by nested reverse transcription (RT)-PCR and TaqMan RT-PCR. J Clin Microbiol. 2005;43:808–12. DOI: 10.1128/JCM.43.2.808-812.2005\n11. Calisher CH, Root JJ, Mills JN, Rowe JE, Reeder SA, Jentes ES, et \nal. Epizootiology of Sin Nombre and El Moro Canyon hantaviruses, southeastern Colorado, 1995–2000. J Wildl Dis. 2005;41:1–11.\n12. Artois M, Cochez C, Mele RV , Heyman P. Genetic evidence of Puu-\nmala and Tula hantaviruses in rodents in the Jura region, France: preliminary results. Eurosurveillance. 2007;12:E070628.3. \n13. Mills JN, Schmidt K, Ellis BA, Calderon G, Enria DA, Ksiazek TH. \nA longitudinal study of hantavirus infection in three sympatric res-ervoir species in agroecosystems on the Argentine pampa. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis. 2007;7:229–40. DOI: 10.1089/vbz.2006.0614\n14. Raboni SM, Hoffmann FG, Oliveira RC, Teixeira BR, Bonvicino \nCR, Stella VS, et al. Phylogenetic characterization of hantaviruses from wild rodents and hantavirus pulmonary syndrome cases in the state of Parana (southern Brazil). J Gen Virol. 2009;90:2166–71. DOI: 10.1099/vir.0.011585-0\nAddress for correspondence: Colleen B. Jonsson, Department of \nMicrobiology and Immunology, Center for Predictive Medicine for Biodefense and Emerging Infectious Diseases, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40222, USA; email: cbjons01@louisville.eduDISPATCHES\n1980 Emerging Infectious Diseases • www.cdc.gov/eid • Vol. 15, No. 12, December 2009Use of trade names is for identi fi cation only and does not imply \nendorsement by the Public Health Service or by the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services.\n Cross-sectional \nSurvey of \nHantavirus \nInfection, Brazil\nJean E. Limongi, Fabíola C. da Costa, \nRogério M.C. Pinto, Renata C. de Oliveira, \nCamila Bragagnolo, Elba R.S. Lemos, \nMárcia B.C. de Paula, Adalberto A. Pajuaba Neto, \nand Marcelo S. Ferreira\nA cross-sectional serosurvey was conducted to as-\nsess the proportion of persons exposed to hantaviruses in a virus-endemic area of the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil. Findings of this study suggested the presence of >1 hanta-viruses circulating in this region causing hantavirus pulmo-nary syndrome, mild disease, or asymptomatic infection.\nIn Brazil, >1,080 cases of hantavirus pulmonary syndrome \n(HPS) have been con fi rmed since 1993 (case-fatality rate \n40%). More HPS cases (209) are reported in the state of Minas Gerais than in any other state in Brazil (M.L. Nunes, pers. comm.). In Minas Gerais, molecular studies identi fi ed \na hantavirus called Araraquara virus associated with HPS \ncases. The wild rodent Necromys lasiurus (the hairy-tailed \nbolo mouse, also named Bolomys lasiurus ) was implicated \nas a reservoir of this virus ( 1). Because asymptomatic in-\nfection with hantaviruses also has been detected in Minas Gerais, we conducted a cross-sectional survey to assess the proportion of persons exposed to hantaviruses and to iden-tify associated risk factors.\nThe Study\nThe hantavirus cross-sectional survey was carried \nout April through May 2006 in the municipality of Uber-lândia, Minas Gerais, at an average altitude of 863 m (18º55′S,48º16′W) (Figure). A randomized and strati fi ed \n(sex and age) sample was collected from the entire rural area and from the south sector of the municipality’s periur-ban area. The term periurban refers to a residential area on the outskirts of the city that is in close contact with the rural area. The participants answered a questionnaire that includ-ed demographic information (sex, age, place of birth, and \naddress) and questions relating to HPS risk factors (type of dwelling, exposure to rodents at home or work, labor activity, risk activities, history of severe pneumonia, and direct contact with HPS patients). Blood samples were col-lected by venipuncture, centrifuged, and sent to the Labora-tory of Hantaviruses and Rickettsioses at the Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, for analysis. The ethics review board of the Federal University of Uberlândia ap-proved the study.\n Emerging Infectious Diseases • www.cdc.gov/eid • Vol. 15, No. 12, December 2009 1981 Author a fi lliations: Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Mi-\nnas Gerais, Brazil (J.E Limongi, F.C. da Costa, R.M.C. Pinto, M.S. Ferreira); Department of Public Health, Uberlândia (J.E Limongi, M.B.C. de Paula, A.A. Pajuaba Neto); and Oswaldo Cruz Founda-tion, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (R.C. de Oliveira, C. Bragagnolo, E.R.S. Lemos)\nDOI: 10.3201/eid1512.090229\nFigure. A) Location of the study area in Brazil (box). B) Detail of \nstudy area showing municipalities. We screened serum samples by ELISA for hantavi-\nrus-speci fi c immunoglobulin G using a recombinant an-\ntigen of the nucleocapsid protein of Araraquara virus, \nproduced in Escherichia coli and supplied by the Virus \nResearch Unit of the University of São Paulo, Brazil, ac-cording to the procedure previously described ( 2). All \npositive serum samples were retested; only those that had 3 ELISA-positive results at >1:400 dilutions were consid-ered positive.\nThe Mann-Whitney U and Fisher exact/binomial tests \nfor 2 proportions were applied for comparison among me-dians and proportions, respectively, using EPI INFO 3.3.2 (www.cdc.gov/epiinfo) and BIOSTAT 5.0 (www.biostat.org) software. Fisher exact test was used to estimate the odds ratio and 95% con fi dence intervals.\nThe 400 study participants comprised 200 rural and \n200 periurban residents ranging in age from 12 to 76 years (mean = 41 years). Twelve (3%) samples were hantavirus antibody-positive by ELISA. The 8 rural area antibody-positive samples were from male farmers (Table 1). Pres-ence of antibody was signi fi cantly associated with male \nsex, older age class, and potential risk activities (Table 1). Although all case-patients reported exposure to rodents or their excreta, this exposure was not statistically sig-nifi cant (Table 1). In the periurban area, the presence of \nantibody was associated with age but not with sex, risk activity, or exposure to rodents (Table 1). The mean age of seropositive persons from periurban and rural areas was similar (p = 1.0). The relationship between antibody and sex depended on urban vs. rural residence (p = 0.02). Three antibody-positive persons in the rural zone and 2 in the urban zone reported a history of pneumonia, albeit without complications.\nWe examined data from an HPS outbreak in Uberlândia \nduring 1998–2005. The largest number of cases occurred among periurban residents, but the highest cumulative in-cidence was among rural residents (Table 2). Nevertheless, rural and periurban areas did not differ signi fi cantly in ei-\nther prevalence or incidence. We found higher prevalence among rural residents (Table 2).\nConclusions\nOverall hantavirus antibody prevalence among periur-\nban residents was 2.0%, with a higher prevalence among women (2.6%). In previous studies, the prevalence of han-tavirus antibodies was higher in men ( 4–6). All the positive \nsamples in the rural area came from male farm workers. This fi nding is similar to a situation reported in Colombia, \nwhere all positive samples came from men engaged in rural activities ( 6). These activities involve a high risk for infec-\ntion by hantaviruses ( 7).\nIn this study, hantavirus positivity was found only in \npersons >39 years of age, and the difference in the mean age of the participants in relation to positivity was signi fi -\ncant. This fact might suggest a historic high-risk event to which the older age class, but not the younger age class, was exposed.\nHigh hantavirus antibody prevalence has been found \nin studies of some human populations in Latin America (5,8,9). The prevalence of Araraquara virus–reactive an-\ntibodies among the volunteers in this study demonstrates that transmission is not rare, reinforcing the hypothesis of the existence of mild disease or asymptomatic infections (10). Two hypotheses have been proposed: clinically mild \ndisease or inapparent infections might result from differ-ences in the nature of exposure (e.g., low inoculum or inef-fi cient mechanism of transmission) or genetic differences \nin immune response to infection, or they might indicate the circulation of >1 hantavirus genotypes of greatly reduced virulence ( 10,11 ).DISPATCHES\n1982 Emerging Infectious Diseases • www.cdc.gov/eid • Vol. 15, No. 12, December 2009Table 1. Relationship between independent variables and antibody to hantaviruses in the municipality of Uberlândia, Minas Gerai s,\nBrazil, 2006 \nRural Periurban\nVariableNo. antibody positive \n(no. tested) p value* No. antibody positive \n(no. tested) p value* \nSex \n M 8 (130) 0.03 1 (84) 0.44\n F 0 (70) 3 (116) \nAge, y \n 12–39 0 (82) 0.01 0 (112) 0.04\n >39 8 (118) 4 (88) \nRisk activity or labor†\n No activity 0 (79) 0.02 2 (92) 0.63\n With activity 8 (121) 2 (108) \nExposure to rodents \n Yes 8 (168) 0.24 3 (152) 0.67\n No 0 (32) 1 (48) \n*Determined by using 2-tailed Fisher exact test. \n†Clearing land, farming, working in pastures or cellars, or cleaning sheds barns, or other outbuildings. Hantavirus Infection, Brazil\nAcknowledgment\nWe thank Iram Martins Costa for excellent technical support.\nMr Limongi is chief biologist of the Regional Center of \nZoonotic Diseases of Uberlândia. His research interests focus on ecoepidemiology and of zoonotic disease control.\nReferences\n 1. Suzuki A, Bisordi I, Levis S, Garcia J, Pereira LE, Souza RP, et al. \nIdentifying rodent hantavirus reservoirs, Brazil. Emerg Infect Dis. 2004;10:2127–34.\n 2. Figueiredo LT, Moreli ML, Borges AA, Figueiredo GG, Souza RL, \nAquino VH. Expression of a hantavirus N protein and its ef fi cacy \nas antigen in immune assays. Braz J Med Biol Res. 2008;41:596–9. DOI: 10.1590/S0100-879X2008000700008\n 3. Limongi JE, Costa FC, Paula MB, Pinto RM, Oliveira ML, Neto \nAA, et al. Hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome in the Triângulo Mineiro and Alto Paranaíba regions, State of Minas Gerais, 1998–2005: clinical-epidemiological aspects of 23 cases [in Portuguese]. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop. 2007;40:295–9. DOI: 10.1590/S0037-86822007000300009\n 4. Mascarenhas-Batista A V , Rosa ES, Ksiazek TG, Rosa AP, Leduc JW, \nPinheiro F, et al. Antibodies anti-hantavirus in schoolchildren in Sal-vador, Bahia State, Brazil [in Portuguese]. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop. 1998;31:433–40. DOI: 10.1590/S0037-86821998000500003 5. Armien B, Pascale JM, Bayard V , Munoz C, Mosca I, Guerrero G, et \nal. High seroprevalence of hantavirus infection on the Azuero Pen-insula of Panama. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2004;70:682–7.\n 6. Máttar S, Parra M. Serologic evidence of hantavirus infection in hu-\nmans, Colombia. Emerg Infect Dis. 2004;10:2263–4.\n 7. Santos ED, Garrett DO. Evaluation of the hantavirus surveillance \nin Brazil [in Portuguese]. Epidemiologia e Serviços de Saúde. 2005;14:15–31.\n 8. Ferrer JF, Jonsson CB, Esteban E, Galligan D, Basombrio MA, Per-\nalta-Ramos M, et al. High prevalence of hantavirus infection in In-dian communities of the Paraguayan and Argentinean Gran Chaco. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 1998;59:438–44.\n 9. Campos GM, Sousa RL, Badra SJ, Pane C, Gomes UA, Figueiredo \nLT. Serological survey of hantavirus infection in Jardinopolis Coun-ty, Brazil. J Med Virol. 2003;71:417–22. DOI: 10.1002/jmv.10489\n10. Pini N. Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome in Latin America. Curr \nOpin Infect Dis. 2004;17:427-31. \n11. Täger Frey MT, Vial PC, Castillo CH, Godoy PM, Hjelle B, Ferrés \nMG. Hantavirus prevalence in the IX Region of Chile. Emerg Infect Dis. 2003;9:827–32.\nAddress for correspondence: Jean E. Limongi, Regional Center of \nZoonotic Diseases of Uberlândia, Alexandrino Alves Vieira Av, 1423 Liberdade District, 38401-240, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil; email: jeanlimongi@gmail.com\n Emerging Infectious Diseases • www.cdc.gov/eid • Vol. 15, No. 12, December 2009 1983 Table 2. Incidence of hantavirus pulmonary syndrome and hantavir us antibody prevalence in the municipality of Uberlândia, Brazi l,\naccording to geographic area, 2006* \nArea\nVariable Overall Rural Periurban p value† OR (95% CI) \nDisease\n Cases‡ 13 5 8 0.24 1.92 (0.63–5.90) \n Population 71,122 17,406 53,716§\n Cumulative incidence, 1998–2005 (×104) 1.83 2.87 1.50\nInfection\n Antibody positive 12 8 4 0.38 0.49 (0.14–1.65) \nSample 400 200 200\n Prevalence, % (95% CI)† 3.0 (1.3–4.7) 4.0 (1.3–6.7) 2.0 (0.1–3.9) \n*OR, odds ratio; CI, confidence interval. \n†Rural versus periurban. Determined by using 2-tailed Fisher exact or binomial tests for 2 proportions. ‡Limongi et al. ( 3).\n§Total population of the southern part of the periurban area. \n Bartonella \nrochalimae in \nRaccoons, Coyotes, \nand Red Foxes\nJennifer B. Henn, Bruno B. Chomel, Henri-Jean \nBoulouis, Rickie W. Kasten, William J. Murray, \nGila K. Bar-Gal, Roni King, Jean-François \nCourreau, and Gad Baneth\nTo determine additional reservoirs for Bartonella roch-\nalimae , we examined samples from several wildlife spe-\ncies. We isolated B. rochalimae from 1 red fox near Paris, \nFrance, and from 11 raccoons and 2 coyotes from Califor-nia, USA. Co-infection with B. vinsonii subsp. berkhof fi i was \ndocumented in 1 of the coyotes.\nTwelve Bartonella species/subspecies have been recog-\nnized as zoonotic agents ( 1,2), including B. rochalimae \nisolated from a woman who had traveled from the United States to Peru before becoming ill with fever, splenomeg-aly, mild anemia, and rash ( 3). B. rochalimae , previously \ndescribed as a B. clarridgeiae –like organism, has also been \nisolated from rural domestic dogs and gray foxes ( Uro-\ncyon cinereoargenteus ) from northern California ( 4,5). A \ncase of fatal endocarditis in a domestic dog was associated with a B. clarridgeiae –like strain ( 6), later determined to \nbe identical to B. rochalimae (5). Recently, B. rochalimae \nDNA was detected in a dog from Greece ( 7). High (43%) \nprevalence of bacteremia observed in gray foxes in Cali-fornia suggests that they might act as a wildlife reservoir for this newly identi fi ed species. Furthermore, several B. \nclarridgeiae –like and B. rochalimae genes have been de-\ntected in fl eas collected from humans ( 8), rodents ( 9,10), \nred foxes ( Vulpes vulpes ) (11), and the environment in the \nDemocratic Republic of Congo ( 12) during a plague out-\nbreak. To determine whether other wildlife reservoirs ex-ist, we tested samples from 3 additional wildlife species: coyotes, raccoons, and red foxes.The Study\nFrom 1996 through 1999 in central coastal California, \n21 Canis latrans coyotes (3 juveniles [<1 year of age] and \n18 adults) and 42 Procyon lotor raccoons (11 juveniles and \n31 adults) were trapped. In 2002, a blood sample was col-lected from a road-killed red fox near Paris, France. All samples were collected in EDTA tubes and frozen at −70°C \nuntil plated on heart infusion agar containing 5% rabbit blood and incubated in 5% CO\n2 at 35°C for up to 4 weeks \n(13); subsequently, extracted DNA was tested for Barto-\nnella spp. by PCR. In addition, from May 2003 through \nSeptember 2004, blood was collected from 42 red foxes (23 females and 19 males; 2 kits [<1 year] and 40 adults) in Israel, and extracted DNA was tested for Bartonella spp. \nby PCR.\nBartonella isolates from 2 (9.5%) coyotes (coyote \n004 [7-month-old male] and coyote 22 [adult female cap-tured in central California], which yielded 2 different-size colonies: coyote 22/sub1, large size; coyote 22/sub2, small size), 11 (26%) of the raccoons (7 adult females and 4 adult males), the 1 (100%) red fox from France, and DNA from the blood of 2 (5%) foxes from Israel were compared with B. rochalimae strains isolated from a human, rural dogs, \nand gray foxes. Bartonella isolates were analyzed by PCR \nrestriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) of the 16S–23S intergenic transcribed spacer (ITS) region (all strains) and the gltA, rpoB and ftsZ genes (raccoons, gray \nfoxes, coyotes, and dogs), as previously described ( 5). \nFor the isolate from the red fox from France, extracted DNA was also ampli fi ed for fragments of the groEL gene \nby using the primer sets HSPps1, HSPps2, and HSPsp4 (11,14). Sequencing was done in both directions by using \na fl uorescence-based automated sequencing system (Davis \nSequencing, Davis, CA, USA). Sequences were imported into Vector NTI Suite 9.0 software (Invitrogen, Carlsbad, CA, USA) to obtain a consensus sequence. Align X in Vec-tor NTI was used for aligning sequence variants with each other and other known Bartonella spp. for each of the 4 \ngenes. A neighbor-joining tree was constructed in MEGA version 3.0 (www.megasoftware.net) by concatenating the 4 sequences. Bootstrap replicates were performed to esti-mate node reliability of the phylogenetic tree; values were obtained from 1,000 randomly selected samples of the aligned sequence data. Sequence data for the groEL gene of \nthe isolate from the fox in France (GenBank accession no. FJ545656 ) was compared with sequences of DNA extract-\ned from fl eas collected on 4 foxes from Hungary ( 11) and \ndeposited in GenBank under accession no. DQ522300.\nAmpli fi ed PCR products were obtained from the ITS \nregion and the gltA, rpoB, and ftsZ genes of all isolates. \nIsolates from coyote 004 and coyote 22/sub2, the red fox from France, and the 11 raccoons had identical RFLP pro-fi les, also identical to those observed in the rural dogs and DISPATCHES\n1984 Emerging Infectious Diseases • www.cdc.gov/eid • Vol. 15, No. 12, December 2009Author af fi liations: Napa County Health and Human Services, \nNapa, California, USA (J.B. Henn); University of California, Davis, California, USA (B.B. Chomel, R.W. Kasten); École Nationale Vé-térinaire d’Alfort, Maisons-Alfort, France (H.-J. Boulouis, J.-F. Cour-reau); San José State University, San José, California, USA (W.J. Murray); Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel (G.K. Bar-Gal, G. Baneth); and Nature Parks Authority, Jerusalem, Israel (R. King)\nDOI: 10.3201/eid1512.081692 B. rochalimae in Raccoons, Coyotes, and Red Foxes\ngray foxes from California ( 5). Isolate sub1 from coyote \n22 had banding patterns identical to those of Bartonella \nvinsonii subsp. berkhof fi i (American Type Culture Col-\nlection 51672), indicating co-infection with B. vinsonii \nsubsp. berkhof fi i and B. rochalimae . Consensus sequenc-\nes were obtained for isolates from all coyotes and the red fox from France. Because the RFLP pro fi les for the 11 \nraccoon isolates were identical, only 2 isolates (from rac-coons 60 and 75, adult females from central California) were selected for sequencing and were identical for all genes. Partial sequences from the 4 genes were identi-cal for the isolates from coyote 004 and the 2 raccoons. These isolates were 100% similar to a strain recovered from the dog with endocarditis (GenBank accession nos. DQ676488–DQ676491) ( 5,6). The B. rochalimae isolate \nsub2 from coyote 22 was identical to isolates from rural dogs and gray foxes from northern California (accession nos. DQ676484–DQ676487). Similarity of isolates from these regions ranged from 99.5% to 100% (Tables 1,2). A tree constructed from the merged set of concatenated sequences (Figure 1) demonstrates that isolate sub2 from coyote 22 clustered with isolates from the dog and gray fox from northern California; those from coyote 004 and raccoon 60 grouped with those from the dog with endocarditis.According to PCR results and comparison of a 571-\nbp sequence ampli fi ed from the ITS region, the sequences \nfrom 2 foxes (1 male, 1 female) from 2 villages in northern Israel were identical to each other and to that from the fox from France (Figure 2). Differences of 2–5 bp were ob-served among ITS region sequences when comparing those from the foxes from Israel and France with those from B. \nrochalimae from gray foxes and raccoons from California. \nWhen the groEL partial sequence FJ545656 from the red \nfox from France was compared with sequence DQ522300 from a Pulex irritans fl ea collected from foxes from Hunga-\nry, the 156-bp fragment (based on the consensus sequence from both directions) from the red fox from France was 100% identical to that of the fl ea.\nConclusions\nWe report the isolation or detection of B. rochalimae \nfrom red foxes, raccoons, and coyotes from North America, Europe, and the Middle East. Sequence analysis of 4 genes identi fi ed small variations in the B. rochalimae isolates \nfrom these different geographic regions. A relatively high percentage (26%) of raccoons had B. rochalimae bacter-\nemia compared with only 9.5% (2/21) coyotes. A previous study found that of 109 coyotes, none were infected with B. rochalimae , but 31 (28%) harbored B. vinsonii subsp. \n Emerging Infectious Diseases • www.cdc.gov/eid • Vol. 15, No. 12, December 2009 1985 Table 1. Percent similarity based on comparisons of the combined gltA,rpoB,ftsZ, from 7 Bartonella rochalimae isolates \nIsolate sourceRed fox, \nFrance Coyote 004Coyote \n22/sub2 Raccoon 60 Dog 318006Dogs/gray \nfoxes Human\nRed fox (Paris suburb, France) 100 99.5 99.8 99.6 99.5 99.9 99.8\nCoyote 004 (San Mateo County, \nCA, USA)100 99.6 100 100 99.6 99.6\nCoyote 22/sub2 (Santa Clara \nCounty, CA, USA)100 99.6 99.6 100 99.8\nRaccoon 60 (San Jose, Santa \nClara County, CA, USA)100 100 99.6 99.6\nDog 318006 (San Mateo County, \nCA, USA)100 99.6 99.6\nDogs/gray foxes (Humboldt County, \nCA, USA)100 99.8\nHuman (Peru) 100\nTable 2. Percent similarity based on comparisons of the intergenic transcribed spacer sequence alignment from 7 Bartonella \nrochalimae isolates \nIsolate sourceRed fox, \nFrance Coyote 004Coyote 22 \nsub2 Raccoon 60 Dog 318006Dogs/gray \nfoxes Human\nRed fox (Paris suburb, France) 100 99.5 99.8 99.6 99.5 99.9 99.8\nCoyote 004 (San Mateo County, \nCA, USA)100 99.6 100 100 99.6 99.6\nCoyote 22/sub2 (Santa Clara \nCounty, CA, USA)100 99.6 99.6 100 99.8\nRaccoon 60 (San Jose, Santa Clara \nCounty, CA, USA)100 100 99.6 99.6\nDog 318006 (San Mateo County, \nCA, USA)100 99.6 99.6\nDogs/gray foxes (Humboldt County, \nCA, USA)100 99.8\nHuman (Peru) 100 berkhof fi i (13). In raccoons, bacteremia was found in adults \nonly, which is surprising because for all animals in general, Bartonella spp. bacteremia is detected more frequently in \nyounger animals ( 1). Gray foxes from northern California \nhad B. rochalimae bacteremia prevalence of 42% ( 4), sug-\ngesting that gray foxes and raccoons could be natural res-ervoirs of B. rochalimae in California and that infection \nof coyotes and domestic dogs could result from occasional spillover. Co-infection of a coyote also illustrates that wild canids can simultaneously harbor >1 species of Bartonella . \nCo-infection of humans with B. henselae and B. vinsonii \nsubsp. berkhof fi i has also been reported ( 15). Additionally, \nco-infection with 2 zoonotic Bartonella species in this coy-\note raises the possibility that humans and domestic dogs could also be co-infected with these species, making appro-priate diagnosis more dif fi cult. Pulex fl eas collected on red \nfoxes from Hungary ( 11) were indeed infected with a strain \nof Bartonella that was identical, at least for the groEL par-\ntial sequence, with that of the isolate from the red fox from France, suggesting that red foxes from central Europe may also be infected with B. rochalimae . Future studies with \nlarger sample sizes will be needed to better de fi ne the role of these wild carnivores—red foxes, raccoons, and coy-\notes—in maintaining B. rochalimae in the environment.\nAcknowledgments\nWe thank Darren Simpson, Laurie Frazer, Alain Henault, \nand Amit Dolev for their help with sample collection.\nThis work was supported by a grant from the Center for \nCompanion Animal Health at the University of California, Davis, and by the American Kennel Club Canine Health Foundation. \nDr Henn is an epidemiologist with Napa County Health and \nHuman Services and conducted this study for her PhD thesis. She has a strong interest in the epidemiology of emerging zoonoses.\nReferences\n 1. Chomel BB, Boulouis HJ, Maruyama S, Breitschwerdt EB. Barto-\nnella spp. in pets and effect on human health. Emerg Infect Dis. \n2006;12:389–94.\n 2. Raoult D, Roblot F, Rolain JM, Besnier JM, Loulergue J, Bastides F, \net al. First isolation of Bartonella alsatica from a valve of a patient \nwith endocarditis. J Clin Microbiol. 2006;44:278–9. DOI: 10.1128/JCM.44.1.278-279.2006\n 3. Eremeeva ME, Gerns HL, Lydy SL, Goo JS, Ryan ET, Mathew SS, \net al. Bacteremia, fever, and splenomegaly caused by a newly rec-ognized Bartonella species. N Engl J Med. 2007;356:2381–7. DOI: \n10.1056/NEJMoa065987\n 4. Henn JB, Gabriel MW, Kasten RW, Brown RN, Theis JH, Foley \nJE, et al. Gray foxes ( Urocyon cinereoargenteus ) as a potential res-\nervoir of a Bartonella clarridgeiae –like bacterium and domestic \ndogs as sentinels for zoonotic arthropod-borne pathogens in north-ern California. J Clin Microbiol. 2007;45:2411–8. DOI: 10.1128/JCM.02539-06\n 5. Henn JB, Gabriel MW, Kasten RW, Brown RN, Koehler JE, Mc-\nDonald KA, et al. Infective endocarditis in a dog and the phyloge-netic relationship of the associated “ Bartonella rochalimae ” strain \nwith isolates from dogs, gray foxes, and a human. J Clin Microbiol. 2009;47:787–90. DOI: 10.1128/JCM.01351-08\n 6. MacDonald KA, Chomel BB, Kittleson MD, Kasten RW, Thomas \nWP, Pesavento P. A prospective study of canine infective endocardi-tis in northern California (1999–2001): emergence of Bartonella as \na prevalent etiologic agent. J Vet Intern Med. 2004;18:56–64. DOI: 10.1892/0891-6640(2004)18<56:APSOCI>2.0.CO;2\n 7. Diniz PP, Billeter SA, Otranto D, De Caprariis D, Petanides T, My-\nlonakis ME, et al. Molecular documentation of Bartonella infection \nin dogs in Greece and Italy. J Clin Microbiol. 2009;47:1565–7. DOI: \n10.1128/JCM.00082-09\n 8. Parola P, Shpynov S, Montoya M, Lopez M, Houpikian P, Zeaiter Z, \net al. First molecular evidence of new Bartonella spp. in fl eas and a \ntick from Peru. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2002;67:135–6.\n 9. Loftis AD, Reeves WK, Szumlas DE, Abbassy MM, Helmy IM, \nMoriarity JR, et al. Surveillance of Egyptian fl eas for agents of pub-\nlic health signi fi cance: Anaplasma, Bartonella, Coxiella, Ehrlichia, \nRickettsia, and Yersinia pestis. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2006;75:41–8.\n10. Inoue K, Maruyama S, Kabeya H, Hagiya K, Izumi Y , Une Y , et \nal. Exotic small mammals as potential reservoirs of zoonotic Bar-\ntonella spp. Emerg Infect Dis. 2009;15:526–32. DOI: 10.3201/\neid1504.081223\n11. Sréter-Lancz Z, Tornyai K, Széll Z, Sréter T, Márialigeti K. Bar-\ntonella infections in fl eas (Siphonaptera: Pulicidae) and lack of \nbartonellae in ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) from Hungary. Folia Parasitol (Praha). 2006;53:313–6.DISPATCHES\n1986 Emerging Infectious Diseases • www.cdc.gov/eid • Vol. 15, No. 12, December 2009 Coyote 22 sub 2 (Santa Clara County, CA)\n Fox 008 (Humboldt County CA)\n Dog 131 (Humboldt County CA)\n Red Fox (Noiseau, France) \n B. rochalimae (human isolate)\n Dog 318006 (San Mateo County, CA)\n Raccoon 60 (San Jose County, CA) \n Coyote 004 (San Mateo County, CA)\n B. clarridgeiae\n B. vinsonii subsp. berkhoffi i\n Coyote 22 sub 1 (Santa Clara County, CA) 100100100 66 95\nFigure 1. Phylogenetic tree of Bartonella species based on the \ncombined gltA, rpoB, ftsZ, and intergenic transcribed spacer \nsequence alignment. The tree shown is a neighbor-joining tree based on the Kimura two-parameter model of nucleotide substitution. Bootstrap values are based on 1,000 replicates. The analysis provided tree topology only; the lengths of the vertical and horizontal lines are not signi fi cant.\n Gray fox 008 (Humboldt County, CA)\n Raccoon 60 (San Jose County, CA)\n Red fox F33 (Israel)\n Red fox (Noiseau, France)\n Red fox F6 (Israel)\n B. clarridgeiae70\nFigure 2. Phylogenetic tree of Bartonella species based on \nintergenic transcribed spacer sequence alignment for the isolates from the gray foxes, red foxes, and raccoons. Raccoon and gray fox isolates are shown for comparison. The tree shown is a neighbor-joining tree based on the Kimura 2-parameter model of nucleotide substitution. Bootstrap values are based on 1,000 replicates. The analysis provided tree topology only; the lengths of the vertical and horizontal lines are not signi fi cant. B. rochalimae in Raccoons, Coyotes, and Red Foxes\n12. Sackal C, Laudisoit A, Kosoy M, Massung R, Eremeeva ME, Karpa-\nthy SE, et al. Bartonella spp. and Rickettsia felis in fl eas, Demo-\ncratic Republic of Congo. Emerg Infect Dis. 2008;14:1972–4. DOI: 10.3201/eid1412.080610\n13. Chang CC, Kasten RW, Chomel BB, Simpson DC, Hew CM, \nKordick DL, et al. Coyotes ( Canis latrans ) as the reservoir for a \nhuman pathogenic Bartonella sp.: molecular epidemiology of Bar-\ntonella vinsonii subsp. berkhof fi i infection in coyotes from central \ncoastal California. J Clin Microbiol. 2000;38:4193–200.\n14. Zeaiter Z, Fournier PE, Raoult D. Genomic variation of Barto-\nnella henselae strains detected in lymph nodes of patients with cat \nscratch disease. J Clin Microbiol. 2002;40:1023–30. DOI: 10.1128/JCM.40.3.1023-1030.200215. Breitschwerdt EB, Maggi RG, Duncan AW, Nicholson WL, Hegarty \nBC, Woods CW. Bartonella species in blood of immunocompe-\ntent persons with animal and arthropod contact. Emerg Infect Dis. 2007;13:938–41.\nAddress for correspondence: Bruno B. Chomel, Department of Population \nHealth and Reproduction, 1114 Tupper Hall, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA; email: bbchomel@ucdavis.edu\n Emerging Infectious Diseases • www.cdc.gov/eid • Vol. 15, No. 12, December 2009 1987 \n CTX-M \nβ-Lactamase \nProduction and \nVirulence of \nEscherichia coli K1 \nDamien Dubois, Nemani V. Prasadarao, \nRahul Mittal, Laurent Bret, Marie Roujou-Gris, \nand Richard Bonnet\nWe report a patient with neonatal meningitis caused by \na CTX-M-1–producing Escherichia coli K1 strain. The in fl u-\nence of CTX-M production on virulence was investigated in cell culture and a newborn mouse model of meningitis. CTX-M production had no in fl uence on virulence but was a \nmajor factor in clinical outcome.\nEscherichia coli is the second most common cause \nof neonatal meningitis. Neonatal meningitis E. coli \n(NMEC) belong mainly to phylogenetic group B2 and har-bor numerous virulence factors ( 1).\nSince the beginning of the 21st century, an explosive \nspread of CTX-M–type extended-spectrum β-lactamases \n(ESBLs) in E. coli has occurred ( 2). These enzymes con-\nfer resistance to nearly all β-lactam antimicrobial drugs, \nincluding third-generation cephalosporins, the fi rst-line \ntreatment for patients with serious E. coli infections. How-\never, CTX-M–type ESBLs have been observed mainly in E. coli strains with few virulence factors or in strains caus-\ning minor infections ( 3–5). In addition, bacterial resistance \nto antimicrobial drugs is frequently reported as dif fi cult to \nreconcile with bacterial virulence ( 6). Highly pathogenic \nE. coli such as NMEC are therefore considered susceptible \nto antimicrobial drugs ( 7). We report a clinical case of neo-\nnatal meningitis caused by CTX-M–producing NMEC and the in fl uence of CTX-M production on virulence. \nThe Study\nIn April 2007, a 39-year-old pregnant woman with am-\nniotic sac rupture was admitted to a hospital in Orleans, France, at 28 weeks and 4 days of gestation. Treatment was started with betamethasone (12 mg 1×/d) for fetal lung \nmaturation and amoxicillin (1g 3×/d) for 4 days. Because of a high serum level of C-reactive protein, antimicrobial drug therapy was switched to amoxicillin with clavulanic acid (1g 3×/d) for 1 day. A cesarean delivery was performed at 29 weeks and 2 days of gestation. A lumbar puncture sam-ple of the low-weight (1,560 g) newborn female was tinged with blood. Cerebrospinal fl uid (CSF) protein and glucose \nvalues were 4.00 g/L and 3.5 mmol/L, respectively. Results of CSF Gram staining were negative.\nThe infant was admitted to the neonatal critical care \nunit and received amoxicillin (150 mg), cefotaxime (120 mg), and netilmicin (8 mg) 2×/d for 2 days. Culture of pla-centa, maternal and infant blood, and infant gastric fl uid \nyielded E. coli. The isolate was resistant to antimicrobial \ndrugs, including third-generation cephalosporins. Imipen-em/cilastatin (25 mg 4×/d) and amikacin (15 mg 2×/d) were given for 2 days. Treatment with imipenem/cilastatin was given for 15 days and then stopped because of the infant’s clinical improvement and return of C-reactive protein to the reference level. Similar drug treatment was adminis-trated to the mother.\nOne week after drug treatment was discontinued, the \ninfant showed signs of septicemia. A second lumbar punc-ture sample had protein and glucose levels of 4.56 g/L and 0.1 mmol/L, respectively, and a leukocyte count of 4,700 cells/μL (54% polymorphonuclear cells). E. coli were iso-\nlated from blood and CSF cultures and showed a resistance pattern identical to that of the previous isolate. Meningitis was a complication of the initial sepsis or a relapse of initial unapparent meningitis ( 8).\nTreatment was started with imipenem/cilastatin (30 \nmg 4×/d) for 25 days and amikacin (15 mg 2×/d) for 5 days. Because the infant had a seizure, phenobarbital (22.5 mg) and cipro fl oxacin (15 mg 2×/d) were prescribed for 5 ad-\nditional days. Her condition gradually improved and blood and CSF values returned to reference levels. The infant was discharged from the hospital 1 month later and treatment with the anticonvulsant was discontinued. She showed normal psychomotor development at a regular follow-up pediatric visit.\nE. coli strains isolated from the mother and infant \nwere indistinguishable by enterobacterial repetitive in-tergenic consensus sequence 2 PCR, random ampli fi ed \npolymorphic DNA analysis, and typing with a MALDI BioTyper (Bruker Daltonique, Wissembourg, France) (9). Thus, the isolates corresponded to the same strain, \ndesignated Orl-1. PCR-based phylogenetic analysis and serotyping showed that the strain belonged to group B2 and serotype O7:K1:H7, a major O antigen encountered worldwide in NMEC ( 1).\nResistance of the Orl-1 strain (MICs 128 \nμg/mL for \ncefotaxime and 8 μg/mL for ceftazidime) was caused by DISPATCHES\n1988 Emerging Infectious Diseases • www.cdc.gov/eid • Vol. 15, No. 12, December 2009Author af fi liations: University of Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, \nFrance (D. Dubois, R. Bonnet); Teaching Hospital, Clermont-Ferrand (D. Dubois, R. Bonnet); Childrens Hospital, Los Angeles, California, USA (N.V. Prasadarao, R. Mittal); University of Southern California, Los Angeles (N.V. Prasadarao); and La Source Hospital, Orléans, France (L. Bret, M. Roujou-Gris)\nDOI: 10.3201/eid1512.090928 CTX-M β-Lactamase and Virulence of E. coli K1\nthe gene encoding CTX-M-1. This strain was also resis-\ntant to tetracycline, trimethoprim, and sulfamethoxazole and susceptible to cefoxitin, imipenem, aminoglycosides, quinolones, chloramphenicol, and fosfomycin. It harbored the major E. coli genes associated with neonatal meningitis \n(Table 1) ( 1,10).\nPlasmids from Orl-1 were used to transform E. coli \nK-12 DH5 α. Three resistance pro fi les that enabled detec-\ntion of 3 plasmids were obtained. On the basis of screening of plasmid transformants and Orl-1, most virulence factors genes were presumably chromosomally encoded. Three virulence factors ( aer, iss, and a second copy of iroN) were \nmediated by a tetracycline-resistant, large ( ≈180 kb), con-\njugative plasmid (pOrl-1-Te). The 2 other plasmids were pOrl-1-CTX-M-1, the CTX-M-1–encoding large ( ≈150 \nkb) conjugative plasmid carrying resistance to trimethop-rim and sulfamethoxazole, and pOrl-1-TEM-1, a TEM–1-encoding small (<40 kb) plasmid.\nA derivative strain that did not harbor the 3 plasmids \n(Orl-c) was obtained by plasmid elimination with ethidium bromide. Orl-1, Orl-c, and E. coli DH5α harboring pOrl-1-\nCTX-M-1 were tested for invasiveness in human brain mi-crovascular endothelial cells ( 10) and in a newborn mouse \n(C57BL/6 wild-type) model of meningitis (R. Mittal et al., unpub. data) to investigate the in fl uence of CTX-M-1 \nproduction on virulence. E. coli strain E44, a rifampicin-\nresistant mutant of archetypical NMEC K1 strain RS218, was used as a positive control ( 10).\nOrl-1 and Orl-c strains exhibited 3.5× lower inva-\nsiveness than strain E44. However, their ability to invade human brain microvascular endothelial cells was 400× higher than that of strain DH5 α–CTX-M1. In the mouse \nmodel, DH5 α–CTX-M1 did not cause bacteremia or men-\ningitis. In contrast, Orl-1, Orl-c, and E44 induced menin-gitis (prevalences of 100%, 84%, and 85%, respectively) (Table 2). \nThe difference between Orl-1 and Orl-c in the mouse \nmodel may be explained by loss of plasmid pOrl-1-Te from Orl-c. Plasmid pOrl-1-Te is likely similar to pS88-related plasmids of NMEC because they share 3 virulence factor genes ( iss, aer, and iroN) and are large and conjugative. \nThese plasmids contribute to virulence of NMEC ( 11). \nOrl-1 and Orl-c showed similar behaviors, which suggest-ed that the CTX-M-1–encoding plasmid pOrl-1-CTX-M-1 does not alter virulence of the strain.Mice with E44- and Orl-1–induced neonatal menin-\ngitis were treated with the third-generation cephalosporin cefotaxime, as recommended for humans. Despite antimi-crobial drug treatment, Orl-1, but not strain E44, caused meningitis, suggesting that drug resistance is a major factor in clinical outcomes.\nConclusions\nStudies have reported emergence of E. coli as the pre-\ndominant organisms responsible for sepsis at any gesta-tional age and for increased rates of drug-resistant E. coli \ncaused by intrapartum drug prophylaxis ( 12). Spread of \nESBLs in E. coli and intrapartum exposure to antimicrobial \ndrugs may favor emergence of NMEC strains resistant to third-generation cephalosporins.\nTwo other well-characterized E. coli\n K1 strains pro-\nducing ESBLs have been isolated from patients with neo-natal meningitis in Algeria and France. The ESBL was identi fi ed as CTX-M-15 in both patients, and 1 infection \nwas lethal ( 13,14 ). Other putative ESBL-producing E. coli \nK1 have been recently isolated, especially in developing countries ( 15).\nEmergence of ESBL-producing E. coli strains, which \nare frequently resistant to fl uoroquinolone ( 2), highlights \nthe need for possible alternatives to third-generation ce-\n Emerging Infectious Diseases • www.cdc.gov/eid • Vol. 15, No. 12, December 2009 1989 Table 2. Incidence of meningitis in a newborn mouse model by Escherichia coli strain, France* \nBacterial strain No. animals Mean ± SD bacteremia, log CFU/mL blood No. positive CSF cultures (% meningitis) \nE44 20 6.95 ± 0.6 17 (85)† \nOrl-1 16 6.75 ± 0.8 16 (100)† \nOrl-c 17 6.60 ± 0.5 14 (82)† \nDH5Į-CTX-M1 10 0.10 ± 0.1 0 \n*CSF, cerebrospinal fluid. \n†p<0.005, significantly higher than the incidence of meningitis by DH5 Į-CTX-M1 by Ȥ2 test. Table 1. Virulence factors of Orl-1 Escherichia coli K1 strain, \nFrance\nIntegrative\nelements* ( 1) Virulence genes Present\nPAI III 536–like iroN Yes \nsfa/foc Yes \nGimA-like ibeA (gimA4 ), ptnC (gimA1 )Y e s \nPAI II J96–like hra Yes \nhlyC, cnf1 No\nPAI I CFT073 –like hlyC No\naer (iucC)Y e s \nHPI-like fyuA, irp-2 Yes \nGimB-like gimB Yes \npks island† clbA, clbK-J, clbP, clbQ Yes \nOthers chuA Yes \nompA Yes \nhek Yes \niss Yes \nmalX Yes \ncdtB-I to -V No\n*PAI, pathogenicity island; HPI, high-pathogenicity island. \n†Positive cytopathogen effect with transient infection of HeLa cells. phalosporins for treatment of patients with infected with \nNMEC. Carbapenems are usually recommended for treat-ment of infections with ESBL-producing E. coli (2). How-\never, this case report shows the role of treatment duration and the need for additional pharmacokinetic and safety studies in neonates and for adjunctive therapies ( 8).\nThis characterization of a CTX-M-1–producing NMEC \nstrain highlights the emergence of CTX-M–type ESBL in highly virulent E. coli. Because of worldwide spread of \nCTX-Ms, caution should be exercised in the management of patients with NMEC, and fi rst-line treatment for neona-\ntal meningitis may need to be reconsidered.\nAcknowledgments\nWe thank Marlène Jan and Rolande Perroux for technical \nassistance.\nThis study was supported by le Ministère Français de \nl’Education Nationale, de la Recherche et de la Technologie grant JE2526, l’Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique grant USC-2018 to R.B., and National Institutes of Health grant AI 40567 to N.V.P.\nDr Dubois is a medical microbiologist at the Teaching Hos-\npital in Clermont-Ferrand, France. His main research interests are pathogenesis and drug resistance of E. coli.\nReferences\n 1. Bonacorsi S, Clermont O, Houdouin V , Cordevant C, Brahimi N, \nMarecat A, et al. Molecular analysis and experimental virulence of French and North American Escherichia coli neonatal menin-\ngitis isolates: identi fi cation of a new virulent clone. J Infect Dis. \n2003;187:1895–906. DOI: 10.1086/375347\n 2. Pitout JD, Laupland KB. Extended-spectrum beta–lactamase-pro-\nducing Enterobacteriaceae : an emerging public-health concern. \nLancet Infect Dis. 2008;8:159–66. DOI: 10.1016/S1473-3099(08)70041-0\n 3. Lavigne JP, Blanc-Potard AB, Bourg G, Moreau J, Chanal C, Bouzi-\nges N, et al. Virulence genotype and nematode-killing properties of extra-intestinal Escherichia coli producing CTX-M beta-lactamases. \nClin Microbiol Infect. 2006;12:1199–206. DOI: 10. 1111/j.1469-\n0691.2006.01536.x\n 4. Pitout JD, Laupland KB, Church DL, Menard ML, Johnson JR. Vir-\nulence factors of Escherichia coli isolates that produce CTX-M-type \nextended-spectrum beta-lactamases. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2005;49:4667–70. DOI: 10.1128/AAC.49.11.4667-4670.2005 5. Branger C, Zam fi r O, Geoffroy S, Laurans G, Arlet G, Thien HV , et \nal. Genetic background of Escherichia coli and extended-spectrum \nbeta-lactamase type. Emerg Infect Dis. 2005;11:54–61.\n 6. Andersson DI. The biological cost of mutational antibiotic resistance: \nany practical conclusions? Curr Opin Microbiol. 2006;9:461–5. DOI: 10.1016/j.mib.2006.07.002\n 7. Houdouin V , Bonacorsi S, Bidet P, Bingen E. Antimicrobial sus-\nceptibility of 136 Escherichia coli isolates from cases of neonatal \nmeningitis and relationship with virulence. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2007;13:1207–10. DOI: 10. 1111/j.1469-0691.2007.01838.x\n 8. Galiza EP, Heath PT. Improving the outcome of neonatal men-\ningitis. Curr Opin Infect Dis. 2009;22:229–34. DOI: 10.1097/QCO.0b013e32832ad49e\n 9. Jonas D, Spitzmuller B, Weist K, Ruden H, Daschner FD. Compari-\nson of PCR-based methods for typing Escherichia coli. Clin Microbi-\nol Infect. 2003;9:823–31. DOI: 10.1046/j.1469-0691.2003.00661.x\n10. Prasadarao NV , Wass CA, Weiser JN, Stins MF, Huang SH, Kim \nKS. Outer membrane protein A of Escherichia coli contributes to \ninvasion of brain microvascular endothelial cells. Infect Immun. 1996;64:146–53.\n11. Peigne C, Bidet P, Mahjoub-Messai F, Plainvert C, Barbe V , Medi-\ngue C, et al. The plasmid of neonatal meningitis Escherichia coli \nstrain S88 (O45:K1:H7) is closely related to avian pathogenic E. \ncoli plasmids and is associated with high level bacteremia in a neo-\nnatal rat meningitis model. Infect Immun. 2009;77:2272–84. DOI: 10.1128/IAI.01333-08\n12. Bizzarro MJ, Dembry LM, Baltimore RS, Gallagher PG. Chang-\ning patterns in neonatal Escherichia coli sepsis and ampicillin re-\nsistance in the era of intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis. Pediatrics. 2008;121:689–96. DOI: 10.1542/peds.2007-2171\n13. Boyer-Mariotte S, Duboc P, Bonacorsi S, Lemeland JF, Bingen E, \nPinquier D. CTX-M-15–producing Escherichia coli in fatal neo-\nnatal meningitis: failure of empirical chemotherapy. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2008;62:1472–4. DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkn362\n14. Ramdani-Bouguessa N, Mendonca N, Leitao J, Ferreira E, Tazir \nM, Canica M. CTX-M-3 and CTX-M-15 extended-spectrum beta-lactamases in isolates of Escherichia coli from a hospital in Al-\ngiers, Algeria. J Clin Microbiol. 2006;44:4584–6. DOI: 10.1128/JCM.01445-06\n15. Sehgal R, Gaind R, Chellani H, Agarwal P. Extended-spectrum \nbeta lactamase–producing gram-negative bacteria: clinical pro fi le \nand outcome in a neonatal intensive care unit. Ann Trop Paediatr. 2007;27:45–54. DOI: 10.1179/146532807X170501\nAddress for correspondence: Richard Bonnet, Laboratoire de \nBactériologie, Faculté de Médecine, Université d’Auvergne, 28 Place Henri Dunant, Clermont-Ferrand, F-63001, France; email: rbonnet@chu-clermontferrand.frDISPATCHES\n1990 Emerging Infectious Diseases • www.cdc.gov/eid • Vol. 15, No. 12, December 2009All material published in Emerging Infectious Diseases is in the \npublic domain and may be used and reprinted without special permission; proper citation, however, is required.\nSearch past issues of EID at www.cdc.gov/eid Ehrlichia \nchaffeensis \nInfection of Sika \nDeer, Japan\nMakoto Kawahara, Tomoko Tajima, Harumi Torii, \nMitsutaka Yabutani, Joji Ishii, Makiko Harasawa, \nEmiko Isogai, and Yasuko Rikihisa\nTo determine whether Ehrlichia chaffeensis exists in \nJapan, we used PCR to examine blood from sika deer in Nara, Japan. Of 117 deer, 36 (31%) were infected with E. \nchaffeensis . The E. chaffeensis 16S rRNA base and GroEL \namino acid sequences from Japan were most closely re-lated to those of E. chaffeensis Arkansas.\nHuman infection with Ehrlichia chaffeensis causes hu-\nman monocytic ehrlichiosis (HME), an in fl uenza-like \nillness. Severity of the disease varies from mild to severe and can even cause death (1). HME cases have been report-\ned primarily in the southeastern and south–central regions of the United States ( 1). \nThe organism, E. chaffeensis, until recently has been \nreported only in the United States; however, numerous re-ports now indicate that Ehrlichiae spp. closely related or \nidentical to E. chaffeensis exist throughout the world ( 1,2). \nIn the United States, E. chaffeensis has been most frequent-\nly identi fi ed in the lone star tick ( Amblyomma americanum ) \n(3). E. chaffeensis DNA has also been detected in A. testu-\ndinarium and Haemaphysalis yeni ticks from southern Peo-\nple’s Republic of China ( 4), in H. longicornis ticks from \nSouth Korea ( 5), and in A. parvum ticks in Argentina ( 6). \nOther than A. americanum , the role of these tick species as \nE. chaffeensis vectors has not been investigated. The white-\ntailed deer ( Odocoileus virginianus ) is the only vertebrate \nspecies currently recognized as a complete and suf fi cient \nhost for maintaining the transmission cycle of E. chaffeen-\nsis (3,7). To look for molecular evidence of E. chaffeensis \nin sika deer ( Cervus nippon ) in Japan, we examined blood \nspecimens by using PCR ampli fi cation of the 16S rRNA \nand groEL genes.The Study\nIn Nara, Japan, to prevent injuries to park visitors, the \nFoundation for the Protection of Sika Deer in Nara Park captured 97 pregnant female sika deer in April 2005 and 20 male sika deer with antlers in November 2005. Blood specimens were collected from all 117 deer, and buffy coat fractions were stored at –80°C for further analysis. Genom-ic DNA was extracted from the buffy coat fractions by us-ing a QIAamp tissue kit (QIAGEN, Valencia, CA, USA). Nested PCR ampli fi cation of genomic DNA was performed \nby using primer pairs designed to amplify the E. chaffeen-\nsis 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene and the E. chaffeensis \ngroEL gene (Table). \nOf the 117 specimens, 36 (31%) yielded E. chaffeen-\nsis 16S rRNA ampli fi cation products and 35 (30%) yielded \nE. chaffeensis groEL ampli fi cation products. Of 36 16S \nrRNA–positive specimens, 33 were positive for groEL \n(92% concordance rate). Of 35 groEL -positive specimens, \n33 were positive for 16S rRNA (94% concordance rate). The E. chaffeensis sequences were conserved in that all se-\nquences obtained from sika deer in Nara were nearly identi-cal to those of a representative strain that we named NS101 and submitted to GenBank (accession no. AB454074). The sequence of the 16S rRNA gene from E. chaffeensis \nNS101 was most closely related (99.6% identity; 5 bases of 1,333 bp that can be aligned for comparison differed) to that of 5 human isolates: Arkansas (GenBank accession no. M73222) ( 8), Sapulpa (U60476) ( 9), 91HE17 (U23503) \n(10), St. Vincent (U86665) ( 11), and Jax (U86664) ( 11); \nthe next closest sequence was from an E. chaffeensis isolate \nfrom A. testudinarium ticks in China (GenBank accession \nno. AF147752) (99.2% identity; 10 bases of 1,333 bp that can be aligned for comparison differed). \nWhen E. chaffeensis NS101 was compared with Ehrli-\nchia spp. previously identi fi ed in Japan, the sequence of the \n16S rRNA gene (a 1,328-bp segment that can be aligned for comparison) of E. chaffeensis NS101 was 98.9%, 98.9%, \nand 98.6% identical to that of E. muris AS145 strain, Eh-\nrlichia sp. HF565 (the HF strain, Ixodes ovatus Ehrlichia) \nand Candidatus Ehrlichia shimanensis TS37, respectively. \nPhylogenic analysis concurred with the observation that E. \nchaffeensis from Nara sika deer has the highest identity to \nthe E. chaffeensis human isolates from the United States \n(Figure 1).\nAlthough longer 16S rRNA gene sequences are desir-\nable for strain comparison, the sequence of the 16S rRNA gene of E. chaffeensis from H. longicornis ticks in Korea \n(GenBank accession no. AY350424, 390 bp) and from A. parvum ticks in Argentina (GenBank accession no. \nEU826516, 470 bp) were identical to a corresponding, but incomplete, segment (358 bp and 402 bp, respectively) of the 16S rRNA gene of E. chaffeensis NS101 and Arkan-\nsas strains. An Ehrlichia sp. was detected in blood samples \n Emerging Infectious Diseases • www.cdc.gov/eid • Vol. 15, No. 12, December 2009 1991 Author af fi liations: Nagoya City Public Health Research Institute, \nNagoya, Japan (M. Kawahara, M. Yabutani, J. Ishii); Osaka Pre-fecture University, Sakai, Japan (T. Tajima); Nara University of Education, Nara, Japan (H. Torii); Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan (M. Harasawa); Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, Tobetsu, Japan (E. Isogai); and The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA (Y. Rikihisa)\nDOI: 10.3201/eid1512.081667 from marsh deer ( Blastocerus dichotomus ) captured near \nthe Parana River in southeast Brazil in 1998 ( 12). However, \nthe 16S rRNA sequence from these marsh deer (GenBank accession no. DQ345720, 383 bp) shares 98.7% identity to a corresponding, but incomplete, segment (381 bp) of the E. chaffeensis NS101 and Arkansas strains. Because the \nsequences of the corresponding segments of Ehrlichia sp. \nHF565 and ‘ Candidatus Ehrlichia shimanensis’ TS37 both \nhad 99.0% identity to that of E. chaffeensis Arkansas strain, \nhigher than the 98.7%, the Ehrlichia sp. in marsh deer from \nBrazil might not be E. chaffeensis.\nAmong the E. chaffeensis groEL sequences available \nin current databases, only that from E. chaffeensis Arkan-\nsas has >1,000 bp for reliable comparison. The groEL DNA \nsequence (1,208 bp that can be aligned) of the NS101 strain (GenBank accession no. AB454077, 1,311 bp) was most closely related to that of E. chaffeensis Arkansas (Gen-\nBank accession no. L10917), followed by the Ehrlichia sp. \nHF565 strain (GenBank accession no. AB032712), and the E. muris AS145 strain (GenBank accession no. AF210459) \n(Figure 2). The deduced E. chaffeensis NS101 GroEL ami-\nno acid sequence (402 residues) was most closely related (99.5% identity) to that of E. chaffeensis Arkansas, fol-\nlowed by the Ehrlichia sp. HF565 strain (99.2% identity) \nand E. muris AS145 strain (99.0%).Conclusions\nOn the basis of the long 16S rRNA and the groEL \nDNA sequences, our study demonstrates the presence of E. \nchaffeensis in sika deer from Nara, Japan. The genetic simi-\nlarity of E. chaffeensis in the sika deer in Japan to strains \nisolated from HME patients in the United States raises the possibility that HME may exist in Japan. Of 1,803 serum samples collected from persons in metropolitan Tokyo from 1991 through 1995, when E. muris was used as anti-\ngen, 20 were seropositive ( 13). Because E. chaffeensis and \nE. muris antigens are highly cross-reactive ( 14), some of \nthese persons might have been infected with E. chaffeensis . \nOf the 10 tick species found on sika deer ( 15), the primary \ntick species found on sika deer in Nara is H. longicornis, \nwhich is known to bite humans in Japan and to be infected with E. chaffeensis in South Korea ( 5). Because sika deer \nare abundant and increasing throughout Japan ( 16), this \nfi nding highlights need to survey sika deer and humans in \nJapan for E. chaffeensis infection.DISPATCHES\n1992 Emerging Infectious Diseases • www.cdc.gov/eid • Vol. 15, No. 12, December 2009Table. Detection of 16S rRNA gene and groEL gene of Ehrlichia chaffeensisin in sika deer, Japan \nTarget gene 1st PCR or nested PCR Primer ID Product size, bp Sequence of primers (5 ƍ ĺ 3ƍ) No. positive\nNS16SCH1F ACGGACAATTGCTTATAGCCTT 1st \nNS16SCH1R 1195 \nACAACTTTTATGGATTAGCTAAAT 7 \nNS16SCH2F GGGCACGTAGGTGGACTAG 16S rRNA \nNested \nNS16SCH2R 443 \nCCTGTTAGGAGGGATACGAC 36 \nNSgroCH1F GTTGTAACTGGTGAACAACTC 1st \nNSgroCH1R 849 \nCTTTTCTTCTATCACCAAACCC 4 \nNSgroCH2F GTTCGTATTTTGGAAGATGCTG groEL gene \nNested \nNSgroCH2R 469 \nACTGTGATAACTCCATCCTTAC 35 \nE. ruminantium (AF069758)\nNS101 (AB454074 )\nE. chaffeensis (M73222)E. chaffeensis (AF147752) E. canis (M73221)Candidatus Ehrlichia shimanensis TS37 (AB074459)\nEhrlichia sp. Tibet (AF414399)E. ewingii 95E9-TS (U96436)\nEhrlichia sp. HF565 (AB024928)\nE. muris AS145 (U15527)Ehrlichia sp. Anan (AB028319)\n0.01Ehrlichia sp. EBm52 (AF497581) 478\n393\n981273\n403\n474395997977\nFigure 1. Phylogenetic relationship between Ehrlichia chaffeensis \nNS101 (in boldface ) and other Ehrlichia spp. 16S rRNA \ngene sequences. GenBank accession numbers are shown in parentheses. Numbers above internal nodes indicate the number of bootstrap replicates of 1,000 that supported the branch. Scale bar indicates percent sequence divergence.\nCandidatus Ehrlichia shimanensis TS37 (AB074462)\nE. chaffeenis (L10917)\nNS101 (AB454077)\nEhrlichia sp. HF565 (AB032712)E. muris AS145 (AF210459)E. canis (U96731)E. ewingii (AF195273)E. ruminantium (U13638)\n0.1605\n963\n534986\n1000\nFigure 2. Phylogenetic relationship between the Ehrlichia \nchaffeensis NS101 groEL sequence (1,208 bp) (in boldface ) \nand other Ehrlichia spp. groEL sequences. GenBank accession \nnumbers are shown in parentheses. Numbers above internal nodes indicate the number of bootstrap replicates of 1,000 that supported the branch. Scale bar indicates percent sequence divergence. Ehrlichia chaffeensis Infection, Sika Deer, Japan\nAcknowledgments\nThis work is dedicated to the late Masayoshi Tsuji; without \nhis cooperation, this work would not have been possible. We are grateful to the Foundation for the Protection of Sika Deer in Nara Park for collection of blood samples.\nDr Kawahara is a researcher at the Nagoya City Public \nHealth Research Institute. His research focuses on the Ehrlichia \nand Anaplasma species in Japan. He discovered Ehrlichia muris \nand Candidatus Neoehrlichia mikurensis and characterized the \nHF strain and Mycoplasma haemomuris .\nReferences\n 1. Paddock CD, Childs JE. Ehrlichia chaffeensis : a prototypical emerg-\ning pathogen. Clin Microbiol Rev. 2003;16:37–64. DOI: 10.1128/CMR.16.1.37-64.2003\n 2. Martinez MC, Gutierrez CN, Monger F, Ruiz J, Watts A, Mijares \nVM, et al. Ehrlichia chaffeensis in child, Venezuela. Emerg Infect \nDis. 2008;14:519–20. DOI: 10.3201/eid1403.061304\n 3. Paddock CD, Yabsley MJ. Ecological havoc, the rise of white-\ntailed deer, and the emergence of Amblyomma americanum –asso-\nciated zoonoses in the United States. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol. 2007;315:289–324. DOI: 10.1007/978-3-540-70962-6_12\n 4. Cao WC, Gao YM, Zhang PH, Zhang XT, Dai QH, Dumler JS, et al. \nIdenti fi cation of Ehrlichia chaffeensis by nested PCR in ticks from \nsouthern China. J Clin Microbiol. 2000;38:2778–80.\n 5. Kim CM, Kim MS, Park MS, Park JH, Chae JS. Identi fi cation of \nEhrlichia chaffeensis, Anaplasma phagocytophilum, and A. bo-\nvis in Haemaphysalis longicornis and Ixodes persulcatus ticks \nfrom Korea. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis. 2003;3:17–26. DOI: 10.1089/153036603765627424\n 6. Tomassone L, Nunez P, Gurtler RE, Ceballos LA, Orozco MM, Kitron \nUD, et al. Molecular detection of Ehrlichia chaffeensis in Ambly-\nomma parvum ticks, Argentina. Emerg Infect Dis. 2008;14:1953–5. \nDOI: 10.3201/eid1412.080781\n 7. Ewing SA, Dawson JE, Kocan AA, Barker RW, Warner CK, Pan-\nciera RJ, et al. Experimental transmission of Ehrlichia chaffeensis \n(Rickettsiales: Ehrlichieae) among white-tailed deer by Amblyomma \namericanum (Acari: Ixodidae). J Med Entomol. 1995;32:368–74. 8. Dawson JE, Anderson BE, Fishbein DB, Sanchez JL, Goldsmith CS, \nWilson KH, et al. Isolation and characterization of an Ehrlichia sp. \nfrom a patient diagnosed with human ehrlichiosis. J Clin Microbiol. 1991;29:2741–5.\n 9. Chen SM, Yu XJ, Popov VL, Westerman EL, Hamilton FG, Walk-\ner DH. Genetic and antigenic diversity of Ehrlichia chaffeensis : \ncomparative analysis of a novel human strain from Oklahoma and previously isolated strains. J Infect Dis. 1997;175:856–63. DOI: 10.1086/513982\n10. Dumler JS, Chen SM, Asanovich K, Trigiani E, Popov VL, Walker \nDH. Isolation and characterization of a new strain of Ehrlichia chaf-\nfeensis from a patient with nearly fatal monocytic ehrlichiosis. J Clin \nMicrobiol. 1995;33:1704–11.\n11. Paddock CD, Sumner JW, Shore GM, Bartley DC, Elie RC, Mc-\nQuade JG, et al. Isolation and characterization of Ehrlichia chaf-\nfeensis strains from patients with fatal ehrlichiosis. J Clin Microbiol. \n1997;35:2496–502.\n12. Machado RZ, Duarte JM, Dagnone AS, Szabo MP. Detection of \nEhrlichia chaffeensis in Brazilian marsh deer ( Blastocerus di-\nchotomus ). Vet Parasitol. 2006;139:262–6. DOI: 10.1016/j.\nvetpar.2006.02.038\n13. Kawahara M, Ito T, Suto C, Shibata S, Rikihisa Y , Hata K, et al. \nComparison of Ehrlichia muris strains isolated from wild mice and \nticks and serologic survey of humans and animals with E. muris as \nantigen. J Clin Microbiol. 1999;37:1123–9.\n14. Wen B, Rikihisa Y , Mott J, Fuerst PA, Kawahara M, Suto C. Ehrli-\nchia muris sp. nov., identi fi ed on the basis of 16S rRNA base se-\nquences and serological, morphological, and biological characteris-tics. Int J Syst Bacteriol. 1995;45:250–4.\n15. Inokuma H, Fujimoto T, Hosoi E, Tanaka S, Fujisaki K, Okuda M, \net al. Tick infestation of sika deer ( Cervus nippon ) in the western \npart of Yamaguchi Prefecture, Japan. J Vet Med Sci. 2002;64:615–7. DOI: 10.1292/jvms.64.615\n16. Tokida K. Urgent symposium: amendment of the wildlife protection \nand hunting law and its problems. Sika deer management in Japan: from the viewpoint of art [in Japanese]. Honyurui Kagaku (Mam-malian Science) 2003;Supplement V ol. 3:21–24.\nAddress for correspondence: Yasuko Rikihisa, The Ohio State University, \nDepartment of Veterinary Biosciences, 305 Goss Laboratory, 1925 Coffey Rd, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; email: rikihisa.1@osu.edu\n Emerging Infectious Diseases • www.cdc.gov/eid • Vol. 15, No. 12, December 2009 1993 \n Diagnostic Assay for \nRickettsia japonica\nNozomu Hanaoka, Minenosuke Matsutani, \nHiroki Kawabata, Seigo Yamamoto, Hiromi Fujita, \nAkiko Sakata, Yoshinao Azuma, Motohiko Ogawa, \nAi Takano, Haruo Watanabe, Toshio Kishimoto, \nMutsunori Shirai, Ichiro Kurane, and Shuji Ando\nWe developed a speci fi c and rapid detection system for \nRickettsia japonica and R. heilongjiangensis , the causative \nagents of spotted fever, using a TaqMan minor groove bind-er probe for a particular open reading frame (ORF) identi-fi ed by the R. japonica genome project. The target ORF was \npresent only in R. japonica –related strains.\nRickettsia , a genus that includes the causative agents for \nspotted fever rickettsioses and typhus fever, comprises \nobligate intracellular bacteria ( 1). The fi rst case of Japa-\nnese spotted fever (JSF), caused by R. japonica (2), was \nreported in 1984 in Japan ( 3). According to the national \nsurveillance system in Japan (http://idsc.nih.go.jp/idwr/ybata/report-Ea.html), JSF cases, including sporadic cases resulting in death, have been gradually increasing. Rapid diagnosis of rickettsial infections is important because rick-ettsioses can be cured when appropriate antimicrobial drug treatment is given during the early clinical stages of the disease. Furthermore, development of a rapid and speci fi c \ndiagnostic system for R. japonica is now a matter of in-\ncreasing urgency ( 4) because JSF has also been reported in \nseveral other countries in Asia ( 1).\nThe Study\nSince 1998, thirteen complete Rickettsia genome \nsequences have been reported (www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Genbank/index.html). In addition, the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) genome project for R. japonica strain YH has recently concluded (proj-\nect ID 38487). Results of this project show speci fi c DNA \nregions for R. japonica in the Rickettsia genome. One of \nthese regions includes a 216-bp open reading frame (ORF) (GenBank accession no. AB437281). On the basis of in-formation from this genome project, we performed DNA \nsequencing for this 216-bp ORF to determine whether the specifi c DNA sequences are conserved in all R. japonica \nstrains and other closely related strains, including R. hei-\nlongjiangensis (5) and Rickettsia sp. LON ( 6).\nR. heilongjiangensis is also a causative agent of spot-\nted fever in northeastern Asia and has been classi fi ed with-\nin the R. japonica group ( 5). Several studies have reported \nthat Rickettsia. sp. LON strains also have similar sequences \nto R. japonica. Our PCR can easily distinguish Rickettsia \nsp. LON strains (LON-2, LON-9, and LON-13) from R. \njaponica strains. This test can help in the diagnosis because \nRickettsia sp. LON strains have only been isolated from \nticks and may not be pathogenic in humans ( 6).\nDNA sequencing was performed by using an ABI \nPRISM BigDye Terminator version 3.1 Kit (Applied Biosystems, Foster City, CA, USA) with an ABI 3130 sequence detector. DNA sequences were aligned by ClustalW software (http://clustalw.ddbj.nig.ac.jp/top-e.html) with an open gap penalty of 15, a gap extension penalty of 6.66, a gap distance of 8, and a maximum di-vision penalty of 40. For determination of the DNA se-quence for the 216-bp ORF, the primer pair of JapoSP5 ′ \n(5′-ACAACATCAATATTATAATTAGTATCC-3 ′) and \nJapoSP3′ (5′-TTCACGTATGTCTATATATGCTGCAG\nCG-3′) was used to amplify a 564-bp section, including \nthis ORF, because this unique DNA sequence was located as the inserted sequence of the homolog for R. conorii \nRC1338 (Figure, panel A).\nThe nucleotide sequence of this ORF was identical \namong 5 of the R. japonica strains: DT-1, YH, FLA-1, \nHH-8, and HH-9 (100%); the sequence was highly con-served with signi fi cant identity in R. heilongjiangensis \n(99.5%), except for the Rickettsia sp. LON strains (92.1%; \nFigure, panel B). This 216-bp ORF had been previously applied to BLAST searches with NCBI blast (nblast) for humans, mice, and others (http://blast.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Blast.cgi). The results showed that no similar ORF had been reported to date. Therefore, we focused on this con-served region of the 216-bp ORF to develop a TaqMan mi-nor groove binder (MGB) probe (Applied Biosystems) that could detect the pathogenic R. japonica group, including R. \nheilongjiangensis , with a high degree of speci fi city.\nOligonucleotide primers (SpRija5 ′ and SPRija3 ′) and \nthe TaqMan MGB probe (SpRijaMGB) were designed by using Primer Express software version 2.0 (Applied Biosystems Figure, panel B). The detection probe was la-beled with the fl uorescent reporter FAM (carboxy fl uores-\ncein labeling) at the 5 ′ end; the non fl uorescent quencher \nand MGB were labeled at the 3 ′ end (Figure, panel B). \nThe detection sequence (shown as a bold line in Figure 1, panel B) was registered in GenBank (accession no. AB437281).DISPATCHES\n1994 Emerging Infectious Diseases • www.cdc.gov/eid • Vol. 15, No. 12, December 2009Author af fi liations: National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, \nJapan (N. Hanaoka, H. Kawabata, A. Sakata, M. Ogawa, A. Ta-kano, H. Watanabe, T. Kishimoto, I. Kurane, S. Ando); Yamaguchi University School of Medicine, Yamaguchi, Japan (M. Matsutani, Y. Azuma, M. Shirai); Miyazaki Prefectural Institute for Public Health and Environment, Miyazaki, Japan (S. Yamamoto); Ohara General Hospital, Fukushima, Japan (H. Fujita); and Gifu University, Gifu, Japan (H. Kawabata, A. Takano, H. Watanabe)\nDOI: 10.3201/eid1512.090252 Diagnostic Assay for Rickettsia japonica\nReal-time PCR was performed by using an ABI 7500 \nsystem (Applied Biosystems). DNA polymerase (perfect real-time PCR) for the PCR was obtained from Takara Bio (Kyoto, Japan). A 20- μL sample was added to each well \nof a 96-well microplate (Thermo Fisher Scienti fi c Inc., \nWaltham, MA, USA) according to the manufacturer’s in-structions. Thermal cycle protocol was performed as fol-lows: fi rst incubation stage, 20 s at 95°C; second stage, 5 s \nat 95°C and 34 s at 60°C. The second stage was repeated 45 times. For analysis of real-time PCR, the threshold line was fi xed at 0.2 to avoid detection of nonspeci fi c fl uorescence. \nThis detection procedure can be completed within 1 h.\nThe reactivity of this assay was examined by using \nvarious copy numbers of synthetic R. japonica DNA frag-\nments that were ampli fi ed by the primer pairs JapoSP5 ′ and \nJapoSP3′ within the R. japonica genome. Genomic DNA of \nR. japonica strain YH was prepared from cultivated bacte-\nria according to methods proposed by Furuya et al. ( 7). A \ncalibration curve was generated with 5 calibrators, ranging from 10\n2 to 109 copies/well in triplicate. We found a linear \ncorrelation (R>0.99) between the detection cycle numbers and R. japonica DNA copy numbers from 10\n2 to 109 copies/\nreaction (data not shown).\nA total of 26 rickettsial strains, classi fi ed into 11 spe-\ncies, were used in this study (Table 1). Speci fi cities for this \nTaqMan PCR are also summarized in Table 1. Genomic DNA of R. prowazekii and R. rickettsii were prepared from \nantigen slides (Panbio Inc., Sinnamon Park, Queensland, Australia) by using a Gentra Puregene kit (QIAGEN, Valencia, CA, USA). Genomic DNA of other Rickettsia \nstrains was also prepared from cultivated bacteria accord-ing to methods proposed by Furuya et al. ( 7). \nOur results showed that this novel assay could detect \nall 5 R. japonica strains and 1 R. heilongjiangensis strain \nused in this study. However, it could not detect R. rickettsii , \nR. prowazekii , or other Rickettsia strains. These results in-\ndicate that the combination of probes and primers in this study had high speci fi city for the pathogenic R. japonica \ngroup. Nonspeci fi c reactions were not observed when ge-\nnomic DNA from human or murine fi broblasts was used in \nany of the assays (data not shown).\nThe detection limits of this PCR were compared to \nthose of conventional PCRs by using serially diluted ge-nomic DNA. The conventional PCRs, designated as Rj5-Rj10 and R1-R2 assays, were designed to detect the 17-kDa antigen gene of Rickettsia , by using a primer \nset of Rj5 (5 ′-CGCCATTCTACGTTACTACC-3 ′) and \nRj10 (5′-ATTCTAAAAACCATATACTG-3 ′) (7) and \nR1 (5′-TCAATTCACAACTTGCCATT-3 ′) and R2 (5 ′-\nTTTACAAAATTCTAAAAACC-3 ′) (15), respectively. \nSince 1996, these assays have been used for molecular diagnosis of JSF in clinical laboratories in Japan. Recent studies have suggested that a TaqMan PCR assay may be as much as 100 × more sensitive than these assays (data not \nshown). Therefore, in our study, the TaqMan PCR was as-sumed to be much more sensitive than the conventional as-says that are known to show false-negative results, even for a patient with acute-stage JSF.\nWe requested clinical samples to verify the validity of \nour assay. Eighteen DNA templates were extracted from blood clots collected from 18 patients in the acute stages of illness (male:female ratio 1:1; average age 64.1 years [range 27–88 years]); average number of days after onset \n Emerging Infectious Diseases • www.cdc.gov/eid • Vol. 15, No. 12, December 2009 1995 \nFigure. Unique DNA sequence in the Rickettsia japonica genome that \nanalyzed PCR in this study. A) Comparative genome map of the 216-bp open reading frame (ORF). The R. japonica –speci fi c sequence \nregion (AB437281) in the R. japonica genome and the complete \ngenome sequence of R. conorii strain Malish 7 were compared. \nThe RC1338 DNA sequence and the mapping position data for R. \nconorii were obtained from the Rickettsia genome database (www.\nigs.cnrs-mrs.fr/mgdb/Rickettsia). Two solid black arrows indicate primer positions; this region was ampli fi ed and sequenced with the \nsame primers. B) Alignments of R. japonica –speci fi c 216-bp ORF \n(AB437281) between R. japonica YH, R. heilongjiangensis CH8-1, \nand Rickettsia sp. LON, as performed by the program ClustalW \n(www.ebi.ac.uk/clustalw), and the positions of primers and probe in real-time PCR. Primer positions and directions (black arrows) and the TaqMan minor groove binder (MGB) (line) probe position are shown. The 216-bp ORF of R. heilongjiangensis and Rickettsia sp. \nLON were registered on GenBank with accession nos. AB512783 and AB512784, respectively. DNA sequences are identical among R. japonica strains and Rickettsia sp. LON strains (astericks). The \nalignment was edited with BioEdit version 7.0.0 (www.mbio.ncsu.edu/BioEdit/bioedit.html). DISPATCHES\n1996 Emerging Infectious Diseases • www.cdc.gov/eid • Vol. 15, No. 12, December 2009Table 1. Reactivity of the real-time PCR for Rickettsia strains used in this study* \nSpecies Strain Isolation source Reference Real-time PCR\nRickettsia asiatica IO-1 Ixodes ovatus ATCC VR-1593 ( 8)–\nIO-2 I. ovatus (8)–\nIO-3 I. ovatus (8)–\nIO-25 I. ovatus (8)–\nIO-38 I. ovatus (8)–\nR. conorii Malish 7 Human ATCC VR 613T –\nR. heilongjiangensis CH8-1 Haemaphysalis concinna (6)+\nR. helvetica IM-1 Ixodes monospinosus (9)–\nIP-1 I. persulcatus (9)–\nIP-2 I. persulcatus (10)–\nIP-6 I. persulcatus This study –\nR. honei TT-118 Ixodes sp. ( 11)–\nR. japonica DT-1 Dermacentor taiwanensis (12)+\nYH Human ATCC VR-1363 +\nFLA-1 Haemaphysalis flava (9)+\nHH-8 H. hystricis This study +\nHH-9 H. hystricis This study +\nR. prowazekii breinl Human ( 13)–\nR. rickettsii Sheila Smith Human ( 14)–\nR. sibirica 246 Human ATCC VR-151 –\nR. tamurae AT-1 Amblyomma testudinarium ATCC VR-1594 ( 12)–\nAT-4 A. testudinarium (6)–\nAT-13 A. testudinarium (6)–\nR. typhi Wilmington Human ATCC VR-144 –\nRickettsia sp. LON LON-2 Haemaphysalis longicornis (6)–\nLON-9 H. longicornis (6)–\nLON-13 H. longicornis (6)–\n*+, positive; –, not detected. \nTable 2. Application of PCRs for blood clot specimens derived from acute-stage Japanese spotted fever patients* \nLaboratory examinations\nConventional PCR Patient\nno. Age, y/sexDays after \nonset of \nfever†Rickettsia\nisolation‡ Serodiagnosis§ Rj5–Rj10 assay R1–R2 assay Real-time PCR¶\nC1 83/F 5 + + –– 38.2 ± 0.6\nC2 35/F 6 + + –– –\nC3 70/M 6 + + –– 37.6 ± 1.3\nC4 71/M 3 + + –– –\nC5 66/F 6 + + –– 38.4 ± 1.0\nC6 49/M 3 NT + –– –\nC7 88/F 5 NT + –– 40.7 ± 0.4\nC8 49/M 7 NT + –– 31.4 ± 1.1\nC9 65/F 3 NT + –– 36.0 ± 0.5\nC10 78/M 4 NT + –– 39.0 ± 0.8\nC11 72/F 4 NT + –– –\nC12 68/F 5 NT + –– –\nC13 27/M 5 NT + –– –\nC14 45/M 7 NT + –– –\nC15 76/F 5 NT + –– 39.0 ± 0.5\nC16 79/M 3 NT + –– 39.9 ± 1.0\nC17 69/M 2 NT + –– –\nC18 64/F 3 NT + –– –\n*+, positive; NT, not tested; –, not detected. \n†Blood clot was prepared from whole blood at indicated days after onset of fever. ‡Isolation from whole blood specimens. §Seroconversion was identified by the indirect immunofluorescent test with paired serum specimens. \n¶Cycle threshold values are given as means ± standard errors of the means for 3 independent assays. Diagnostic Assay for Rickettsia japonica\nof fever 4.6 [range 2–7 days; Table 2]). These templates \nwere reexamined by using our TaqMan PCR. Although the conventional assays could not detect the presence of any Rickettsia DNA, 9 of 18 samples displayed positive results \nwith the TaqMan PCR (Table 2). The blood clot from the patient in whom Scrub typhus disease was previously diag-nosed was used as a negative control in this real-time PCR assay, resulted were not detected. Our TaqMan PCR is cur-rently available to clinical laboratories that need to rule out false-negative results in molecular diagnoses.\nConclusions\nJSF is a threat to public health in Japan. Our results \nsuggest that an R. japonica –speci fi c 216-bp ORF may have \nbeen conserved throughout the R. japonica species and \nclosely related Rickettsia spp. The newly developed real-\ntime PCR system, which demonstrated a high level of sen-sitivity and speci fi city, may be a useful tool for laboratory \ndiagnosis.\nAcknowledgments\nWe thank Fumihiko Mahara for providing clinical samples. \nWe are also grateful to Mika Shigematsu and John M. Kobayashi for their suggestions and critical reading of the manuscript.\nThis work was supported by a Health Science research grant \nfor research on emerging and reemerging infectious diseases from the Japan Health Sciences Foundation and a grant from the Emerging and Reemerging Infectious Diseases, Ministry of Health, Labor, and Welfare of Japan.\nDr Hanaoka is a research resident in the Laboratory of Rick-\nettsia and Chlamydia , Department of Virology I, National Insti-\ntute of Infectious Diseases, Japan. His primary research interests are ecology, epidemiology, etiology, and development of diagno-sis for zoonoses, especially vector-borne diseases.\nReferences\n 1. Walker DH. Rickettsiae and rickettsial infections: the cur-\nrent state of knowledge. Clin Infect Dis. 2007;45:S39–44. DOI: \n10.1086/518145 2. Uchida T, Uchiyama T, Kumano K, Walker DH. Rickettsia japonica \nsp. nov., the etiological agent of spotted fever group rickettsiosis in Japan. Int J Syst Bacteriol. 1992;42:303–5.\n 3. Mahara F, Koga K, Sawada S, Taniguchi T, Shigemi F, Suto T, et al. \nThe fi rst report of the rickettsial infections of spotted fever group in \nJapan: three clinical cases. Kansenshogaku Zasshi. 1985;59:1165–71.\n 4. Fenollar F, Raoult D. Molecular diagnosis of bloodstream infec-\ntions caused by non-cultivable bacteria. Int J Antimicrob Agents. 2007;30:S7–15. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2007.06.024\n 5. Fournier PE, Dumler SJ, Greub G, Zhang J, Wu Y , Raoult D. Gene \nsequence-based criteria for identi fi cation of new Rickettsia isolates \nand description of Rickettsia heilongjiangensis sp. Nov. J Clin Micro-\nbiol. 2003;41:5456–65. DOI: 10.1128/JCM.41.12.5456-5465.2003\n 6. Fujita H. Cell culture system for isolation of disease agents: 15 years \nof experience in Ohara Research Laboratory. Annu Rep Ohara Hosp. 2008;48:21–42.\n 7. Furuya Y , Katayama T, Yoshida Y , Kaiho I. Speci fi c ampli fi cation \nof Rickettsia japonica DNA from clinical specimens by PCR. J Clin \nMicrobiol. 1995;33:487–9.\n 8. Fujita H, Fournier PE, Takada N, Saito T, Raoult D. Rickett-\nsia asiatica sp. nov., isolated in Japan. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol. \n2006;56:2365–8. DOI: 10.1099/ijs.0.64177-0\n 9. Fournier PE, Fujita H, Takada N, Raoult D. Genetic identi fi ca-\ntion of rickettsiae isolated from ticks in Japan. J Clin Microbiol. 2002;40:2176–81. DOI: 10.1128/JCM.40.6.2176-2181.2002\n10. Ishikura M, Ando S, Shinagawa Y , Matsuura K, Hasegawa S, Na-\nkayama T, et al. Phylogenetic analysis of spotted fever group rickett-siae based on gltA, 17-kDa, and rOmpA genes ampli fi ed by nested \nPCR from ticks in Japan. Microbiol Immunol. 2003;47:823–32.\n11. Robertson RG, Wisseman CL Jr. Tick-borne rickettsiae of the spotted \nfever group in West Pakistan. II. Serological classi fi cation of isolates \nfrom West Pakistan and Thailand: evidence for two new species. Am J Epidemiol. 1973;97:55–64.\n12. Fournier PE, Takada N, Fujita H, Raoult D. Rickettsia tamurae sp. \nnov., isolated from Amblyomma testudinarium ticks. Int J Syst Evol \nMicrobiol. 2006;56:1673–5. DOI: 10.1099/ijs.0.64134-0\n13. Perez Gallardo F, Fox JP. Infection of guinea pigs with massive \ndoses of rickettsiae of epidemic and murine typhus. J Immunol. 1948;60:455–63.\n14. Dantas-Torres F. Rocky Mountain spotted fever. Lancet Infect Dis. \n2007;7:724–32. DOI: 10.1016/S1473-3099(07)70261-X \n15. Katayama T, Furuya Y , Yoshida Y , Kaiho I. Spotted fever group \nrickettsiosis and vectors in Kanagawa Prefecture. Kansenshogaku Zasshi. 1996;70:561–8.\nAddress for correspondence: Shuji Ando, National Institute of Infectious \nDiseases – Virology I, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan; email: shuando@nih.go.jp\n Emerging Infectious Diseases • www.cdc.gov/eid • Vol. 15, No. 12, December 2009 1997 \n Novel Lineage of \nMethicillin-Resistant \nStaphylococcus \naureus , Hong Kong\nLuca Guardabassi, Margie O’Donoghue, \nArshnee Moodley, Jeff Ho, and Maureen Boost\nTo determine whether spa type of methicillin-resistant \nStaphylococcus aureus in pigs belonged to sequence type \n(ST) 398, we analyzed nasal swabs from pig carcasses at Hong Kong markets in 2008. ST9 belonging to spa type \nt899 was found for 16/100 samples, which indicates that a distinct lineage has emerged in pigs.\nMethicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) \nhas long been recognized as an important hospital \npathogen and in recent years has emerged in the commu-nity. Increasing numbers of reports have concerned MRSA in animals. Multilocus sequence typing (MLST) has shown widespread dissemination of sequence type (ST) 398 among pigs in the Netherlands ( 1). This MRSA lineage has subse-\nquently been reported in several other countries and animal species. Compelling microbiologic and epidemiologic evi-dence indicates that persons living or working on farms, es-pecially pig farms, have an increased risk for colonization or infection with ST398 ( 2). In the present study, MRSA \nisolates obtained from slaughtered pigs in Hong Kong were characterized genotypically and compared with ST398.\nThe Study\nNasal swab specimens collected by using Transwabs \n(Medical Wire Ltd, Corsham, UK) were collected from 100 pig carcasses at 2 wet markets in Hong Kong on 5 separate days over a 7-week period in 2008. Cross-contamination was minimized by selecting carcasses with intact nasopha-ryngeal tracts and by instructing the butchers taking part in the project to avoid causing damage to the nares when cutting up the heads. The frontal section of each snout was cleaned with 75% alcohol before swabbing the nasal mu-cosa up to 8 cm into the nares. Nasal swabs were enriched in brain–heart infusion broth (Oxoid Ltd, Basingstoke, UK) with 7% NaCl at 37\noC for 48 h and then injected into man-nitol salt agar (Oxoid) supplemented with 6 μg/mL oxacil-\nlin, for 24 h. Presumptive S. aureus colonies were tested \nfor heat-stable nuclease (DNase) and coagulase production, and isolates positive for both were con fi rmed to the species \nlevel by latex agglutination (Staphaurex Plus, Murex Diag-nostics Ltd, Dartford, UK). Antimicrobial drug sensitivity testing was performed by using disk diffusion following Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute recommenda-tions ( 3). Methicillin resistance was con fi rmed by disk dif-\nfusion using cefoxitin (30 μg) and mecA PCR detection. \nAll MRSA isolates were characterized by pulsed- fi eld gel \nelectrophoresis (PFGE) by using SmaI (4), staphylococcal \nchromosome cassette (SCC) mec typing ( 5), and spa typing \n(6) with Ridom StaphType 1.4.1 software (www.ridom.de/\nstaphtype). Two isolates representative of distinct PFGE patterns and SCC mec types were analyzed by MLST ( 7), \nand the remaining isolates were characterized by single-locus ( aroE ) sequencing.\nMRSA was isolated from 16 samples collected on 4 of \nthe 5 sampling days. In contrast to ST398, which has the characteristic of being nontypeable by PFGE using SmaI \n(1,2), the 16 MRSA isolates were typeable. They displayed \n6 PFGE patterns; 2 predominant types (A1 and B1) were as-sociated with SCC mec types IV and V, respectively (Table \n1). Both PFGE types were ST9 according to MLST analy-sis. The 4 remaining patterns were either closely related to A1 (A2, A3, and A4) or possibly related to B1 (B2) accord-ing to the criteria of Tenover et al. ( 8). All isolates belonged \nto spa type t899 and harbored the ST9-associated aroE al-\nlele 3, which differs from that in ST398 (allele 35) by mul-tiple mutations. Porcine MRSA ST9 isolates were negative for Panton-Valentine leukocidin genes and resistant to a broader range of antimicrobial agents than that previously described for MRSA ST398 isolated from pigs in the Neth-erlands ( 1). Twelve isolates displayed a typical multiple \nresistance pattern, including resistance to chloramphenicol, ciprofl oxacin, clindamycin, cotrimoxazole, erythromycin, \ngentamicin, and tetracyline. The remaining 4 isolates were additionally resistant to fusidic acid (Table 1). All isolates were negative for Panton-Valentine leukocidin and suscep-tible to vancomycin and linezolid.\nA search of the scienti fi c literature and the Internet for \ninformation about the frequency of S. aureus ST9 in hu-\nmans and animals indicated that ST9 is a clone of porcine origin. In 2005, Armand-Lefevre et al. ( 9) reported that ST9 \nwas the most prevalent ST of methicillin-susceptible S. au-\nreus (MSSA) isolated from pig farmers and infected pigs \nin France but not from a control group of persons without occupational contact with pigs. In 2007, an erythromycin-resistant MSSA ST9 clone belonging to spa type 337 was \nfound to be endemic on a farm in Denmark ( 10). A clini-\ncal ST9 isolate of porcine origin carrying the multidrug re-sistance gene cfr, associated with linezolid resistance, has DISPATCHES\n1998 Emerging Infectious Diseases • www.cdc.gov/eid • Vol. 15, No. 12, December 2009Author af fi liations: University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C, \nDenmark (L. Guardabassi, A. Moodley); and The Hong Kong Poly-technic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong Special Ad-ministrative Region, People’s Republic of China (M. O’Donoghue, J. Ho, M. Boost)\nDOI: 10.3201/eid1512.090378 Novel MRSA, Hong Kong\nrecently been described ( 11). Six ST9 sequences have been \nsubmitted to the MLST database (http://www.mlst.net), in-cluding 5 for MSSA isolates from bloodstream infections in the United Kingdom and 1 for a MRSA isolate from the nose of a pig in China (ID2357). Single cases of human infection with MRSA ST9 t899 have been reported in the Netherlands ( 2) and in Guangzhou, China ( 12). Eighteen \nspa-type t899 isolates have been submitted to the Ridom \nSpaServer (http://spaserver2.ridom.de): 10 from Germany, 7 from the Netherlands, and 1 from Belgium. All submis-sions were recorded as MRSA, but unfortunately, the ori-gins of the isolates and the MLST types were not reported. Although MRSA t899 has been previously associated with ST398 isolates from pigs ( 13) and from participants at a \nconference on pig health ( 14), the repeat succession of this \nspa type is completely different from those of other ST398-\nrelated spa types and similar to those of spa types related \nto ST9 (Table 2). That the same spa type occurs in both \nST9 and ST398 is surprising because the MLST allelic se-quences of these 2 S. aureus lineages are unrelated (Table \n2). However, the occurrence of the same spa types in dis-tant lineages has been previously reported ( 15) and could \nhave resulted from either convergent evolution or genetic recombination.\nConclusions\nOur study of MRSA colonization of commercial pigs \nin Asia provides evidence that methicillin resistance has emerged in a porcine S. aureus lineage other than ST398. \nIt appears that ST9 has achieved methicillin resistance through multiple acquisitions of SCC mec, as indicated by \nthe recovery of distinct PFGE and SCC mec types. A com-\nbination of the results of literature and database searches indicates that ST9 is associated with pig farming and, al-though it is found infrequently, this ST has been isolated from infected persons worldwide.\nSeveral studies have previously investigated the preva-\nlence of MRSA nasal carriage in pigs sampled immediately after slaughter ( 2) or at the farm of origin (13). In our study, \nsamples were collected at wet markets, because it not pos-sible to access pigs at the single slaughterhouse in Hong Kong or at the farm sites of origin because >90% of slaugh-\n Emerging Infectious Diseases • www.cdc.gov/eid • Vol. 15, No. 12, December 2009 1999 Table 1. Characteristics of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolates from pig carcasses in Hong Kong, 2008* \nIsolate Sampling date Resistance pattern spa type SCC mec type PFGE pattern† aroE allele MLST type \nK1 Feb 22 3 t899 IVb A1 3 ST9\nG29 Mar 11 4 t899 IVb A2 3 ST9‡\n55 Mar 27 1 t899 IVb A1 3 ST9‡\n56 1 t899 V B1 3 ST9\n57 1 t899 V B1 3 ST9‡\n61 1 t899 V B1 3 ST9‡\n54 1 t899 V B2 3 ST9‡\nB40 Apr 15 1 t899 IVb A1 3 ST9‡\nB46 1 t899 IVb A1 3 ST9‡\nB50 1 t899 IVb A1 3 ST9‡\nB51 1 t899 IVb A1 3 ST9‡\nB52 1 t899 IVb A1 3 ST9‡\nB22 1 t899 V B1 3 ST9‡\nB39 1 t899 IVb A3 3 ST9‡\nB37 2 t899 IVb A2 3 ST9‡\nB36 2 t899 IVb A4 3 ST9‡\n*SCC, staphylococcal chromosome cassette; PFGE, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis; MLST, multilocus sequence typing. Resistance patterns: 1, oxacillin, \npenicillin, tetracycline, chloramphenicol, gentamicin, clindamycin, erythromycin, ciprofloxacin, cotrimoxazole; 2, oxacillin, p enicillin, tetracycline, \nchloramphenicol, clindamycin , erythromycin, ciprofloxacin, fusidic acid; 3, oxacillin, penicillin, tetracycline, chloramphenic ol, gentamicin, clindamycin, \nerythromycin, ciprofloxacin, cotrimoxazole, fusidic acid, 4, oxacillin, penicillin, tetracycline, chloramphenicol, clindamycin, ciprofloxacin, cotrimoxazole, \nfusidic acid. †Closely or possibly related PFGE patterns according to the Tenover criteria ( 8) are designated by the same letter and different numbers. \n‡ST9 was predicted on the basis of PFGE and spa and aroE typing. \nTable 2. Tandem repeat successions in spatypes previously associated with Staphylococcus aureus ST9 and ST398* \nspa type Tandem repeat sequence MLST allelic profile ST\nt899 07-16-23-----------------02-34 3-3-1-1-1-1-10 9\nt337 07-16-23-23-02-12-23-02-34 3-3-1-1-1-1-10 9\nt3198 07-16-16-23-23-02-02-12-23-02-34 3-3-1-1-1-1-10 9\nt011 08-16-02---------25-34-24-25 3-35-19-2-20-26-39 398\nt034 08-16-02-25-02-25-34-24-25 3-35-19-2-20-26-39 398\nt0108 08-16-02---------25-----24-25 3-35-19-2-20-26-39 398\nt567 08-------------02-25-----24-25 3-35-19-2-20-26-39 398\nt571 08-16-02-25-02-25-34-----25 3-35-19-2-20-26-39 398\n*MLST, multilocus sequence typing; ST, sequence type. ter pigs are raised in mainland China and delivered by train \ndirectly to the slaughterhouse in Hong Kong. Notably, the previously reported human infection in China with MRSA-ST9 occurred in Guangzhou, the province closest to Hong Kong, where most of the pigs originate. The colonization rate determined in our study represents the level of contam-ination immediately prior to sale of pig meat to consumers. Although pig heads are rarely available in European and North American markets, because these parts of the animal are generally centrally processed, homemade soup using the pig’s nose is commonly consumed in Hong Kong; this gastronomic tradition may increase the risk for zoonotic transmission of MRSA. Further epidemiologic studies are needed to determine the rates of colonization and infection with MRSA and MSSA ST9 both in personnel exposed to pigs and in the community.\nAcknowledgment\nWe are grateful to Sindy Lai for technical assistance.\nThis work was supported by a grant from the Research Fund \nfor the Control of Infectious Diseases, Hong Kong (no. 0870912), and the Department of Health Technology and Informatics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University. \nDr Guardabassi is associate professor in veterinary clinical \nmicrobiology at the Department of Veterinary Disease Biology, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Copenhagen. His main research interest is antimicrobial resistance, with special focus on epidemiology, evolution and host-speci fi city of methicillin-\nresistant staphylococci.\nReferences\n 1. De Neeling AJ, van den Broek MJM, Spalburg EC, van Santen-\nVerheuvel MG, Dam-Deisz WDC, Boshuizen HC, et al. High preva-lence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in pigs. Vet \nMicrobiol. 2007;122:366–72. DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2007.01.027\n 2. van Loo I, Huijsdens X, Tiemersma E, de Neeling A, van de Sande-\nBruinsma N, Beaujean D, et al. Emergence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus of animal origin in humans. Emerg Infect \nDis. 2007;13:1834–9.\n 3. Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute. Performance standards \nfor antimicrobial disk susceptibility tests, 9th edition, vol. 26, no. 1. \nApproved standard M2-A9. Wayne (PA): The Institute; 2006..\n 4. Prevost G, Jaulhac B, Piemont V . DNA fi ngerprinting by pulsed- fi eld \ngel electrophoresis is more effective than ribotyping in distinguish-\ning amongst methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolates. J \nClin Microbiol. 1992;30:967–73. 5. Zhang K, McClure JA, Elsayed S, Louie T, Conly JM. Novel mul-\ntiplex PCR assay for characterization and concomitant subtyping of staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec types I to V in methicillin-\nresistant Staphylococcus aureus. J Clin Microbiol. 2005;43:5026–\n33. DOI: 10.1128/JCM.43.10.5026-5033.2005\n 6. Harmsen D, Claus H, Witte W, Rothganger J, Claus H, Turnwald \nD, et al. Typing of methicillin- resistant Staphylococcus aureus in \na university hospital setting by using novel software for spa re-\npeat determination and database management. J Clin Microbiol. 2003;41:5442–8. DOI: 10.1128/JCM.41.12.5442-5448.2003\n 7. Enright MC, Day NP, Davies CE, Peacock SJ, Spratt BG. Multilo-\ncus sequence typing for characterisation of methicillin-resistant and methicillin-susceptible clones of Staphylococcus aureus. J Clin Mi-\ncrobiol. 2000;38:1008–15.\n 8. Tenover FC, Arbeit RD, Goering RV , Mickelsen PA, Murray BE, \nPersing DH, et al. Interpreting chromosomal DNA restriction pat-terns produced by pulsed- fi eld gel electrophoresis: criteria for bacte-\nrial strain typing. J Clin Microbiol. 1995;33:2233–9.\n 9. Armand-Lefevre L, Ruimy R, Andremont A. Clonal comparison of \nStaphylococcus aureus isolates from healthy pig farmers, human \ncontrols, and pigs. Emerg Infect Dis. 2005;11:711–4.\n10. Bagcigil FA, Moodley A, Baptiste KE, Jensen VF, Guardabassi L. \nOccurrence, species distribution and clonality of methicillin- and erythromycin-resistant staphylococci in the nasal cavity of do-mestic animals. Vet Microbiol. 2007;121:307–15. DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2006.12.007\n11. Kehrenberg C, Cuny C, Strommenger B, Schwarz S, Witte W. Me-\nthicillin-resistant and -susceptible Staphylococcus aureus of clonal \nlineages ST398 and ST9 from swine carry the multidrug resistance gene cfr. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2009;53:779–81. DOI: \n10.1128/AAC.01376-08\n12. Liu Y , Wang H, Du N, Shen E, Chen H, Niu J, et al. Molecular evi-\ndence for spread of two major methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus \naureus clones with a unique geographic distribution in Chinese \nhospitals. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2009;53:512–8. DOI: 10.1128/AAC.00804-08\n13. Van Duijkeren E, Ikawaty R, Broekhuizen-Stins MJ, Jansen MD, \nSpalburg EC, de Neeling AJ, et al. Transmission of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains between different kinds \nof pig farms. Vet Microbiol. 2008;126:383–9. DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2007.07.021\n14. Wulf MW, Sørum M, van Nes A, Skov R, Melchers WJ, Klaassen \nCH, et al. Prevalence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus \namong veterinarians: an international study. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2008;14:29–34. DOI: 10. 1111/j.1469-0691.2007.01873.x\n15. Strommenger B, Braulke C, Heuck D, Schmidt C, Pasemann B, Nü-\nbel U, et al. spa typing of Staphylococcus aureus as a frontline tool \nin epidemiological typing. J Clin Microbiol. 2008;46:574–81. DOI: 10.1128/JCM.01599-07\nAddress for correspondence: Maureen Boost, The Hong Kong Polytechnic \nUniversity, Department of Health Technology and Informatics, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong; email: htmboost@inet.polyu.edu.hkDISPATCHES\n2000 Emerging Infectious Diseases • www.cdc.gov/eid • Vol. 15, No. 12, December 2009\n Respiratory \nInfection in \nInstitutions during \nEarly Stages of \nPandemic (H1N1) \n2009, Canada\nAlex Marchand-Austin, David J. Farrell, Frances \nB. Jamieson, Nino Lombardi, Ernesto Lombos, \nSunita Narang, Holy Akwar, Donald E. Low, and \nJonathan B. Gubbay\nOutbreaks of respiratory infection in institutions in On-\ntario, Canada were studied from April 20 to June 12, 2009, during the early stages of the emergance of in fl uenza A \npandemic (H1N1) 2009. Despite widespread presence of infl uenza in the general population, only 2 of 83 outbreaks \nevaluated by molecular methods were associated with pan-demic (H1N1) 2009. \nRespiratory infection outbreaks in institutions housing \nlarge numbers of residents create an ideal environ-\nment for disease transmission ( 1). Patients in long-term \ncare facilities (LTCFs) for the elderly are more susceptible to respiratory infections and have a higher risk for compli-cations ( 2,3).\nThe Study\nWe reviewed respiratory infection outbreaks regis-\ntered with the Public Health Laboratory (PHL), Ontario Agency for Health Protection and Promotion dating back to October 2007 (Table 1). Molecular detection methods were used for a subset of outbreaks registered during October 1, 2008–April 19, 2009. After emergence of severe respira-tory illness clusters in Mexico in early April, intensi fi ed \ntracking of respiratory infection outbreaks in Ontario was undertaken. Consequently, more information was available on outbreaks registered during the spring (April 20 to June 12, 2009); these data comprise the bulk of the study.\nRespiratory infection outbreaks in LTCFs were de-\nfi ned as any of the following: 2 cases of acute respiratory tract illness, 1 of which was laboratory-con fi rmed; 3 cases \nof acute respiratory tract illness within 48 hours in a geo-graphic area (e.g., unit, fl oor); and >2 units having a case of \nacute respiratory illness within a 48-hour period. In fl uenza-\nlike-illness was de fi ned as acute onset of respiratory illness \nwith fever and cough with >1 of the following: sore throat, arthralgia, myalgia, or prostration.\nFrom April 20 through June 12, 2009, a total of 112 \nrespiratory infection outbreaks were registered. Molecular testing was not used in 29 outbreaks (e.g., insuf fi cient/in-\nappropriate sample). Most of the remaining 83 outbreaks submitted for molecular testing originated from LTCFs (91%); hospitals (2%), child care centers (2%), and psychi-atric care facilities (1%) comprised the remainder. Facility type was not known for 4% of outbreaks tested. Mean age of persons tested as part of an outbreak investigation was 82 years (SD 13.96 years) and median age was 85 years; 95% were >57 years of age.\nTesting on the 589 specimens received from 161 out-\nbreaks registered from October 1, 2008 through June 12, 2009 was performed by real-time reverse transcription–PCR (RT-PCR) for the in fl uenza A virus matrix gene and \nthe Luminex Respiratory Viral Panel (RVP) (Luminex Mo-lecular Diagnostics, Toronto, Ontario, Canada) for other respiratory viruses.\nAn etiologic agent was identi fi ed in 89% of the 161 \noutbreaks tested by molecular methods. One-hundred-eleven (69%) were caused by 1 etiologic agent. Two and 3 different pathogens were identi fi ed in 24 (15%) and 6 \n(4%) outbreaks, respectively. Four pathogens were identi-fi ed in 2 (1%) outbreaks. No etiologic agent was identi fi ed \nin 18 (11%) of the outbreaks tested by molecular methods, which includes 1 specimen in which the result was indeter-minate for coronavirus OC43. A wide range of causative etiologic agents were detected for outbreaks by the RVP assay (Table 2). Specimens from most patients were posi-tive for enterovirus/rhinovirus (114 patients) followed by metapneumovirus (85), parain fl uenza virus type 3 (55), and \nhuman in fl uenza virus A (H3) (41). No virus was identi fi ed \nin 186 patients.\n Emerging Infectious Diseases • www.cdc.gov/eid • Vol. 15, No. 12, December 2009 2001 Author af fi liations: Public Health Agency of Canada, Toronto,\nOntario, Canada (A. Marchand-Austin); and Ontario Agency for Health Protection and Promotion, Toronto (D.J. Farrell, F.B. Jamieson, N. Lombardi, E. Lombos, S. Narang, H. Akwar, D.E. Low, J.B. Gubbay)\nDOI: 10.3201/eid1512.091022Table 1. Respiratory outbreak submissions to Ontario, Canada, \npublic health laboratories by geographic location and season*\nInfluenza season \nsubmissionsSpring\nsubmissions\nRegion 2007–08 2008–09 2008 2009\nOntario 671 543 117 112†\nGreater Toronto \narea‡139 101§ 34 21\n*Influenza season is delineated as October 1–April 19; spring season is \ndelineated as April 20–June 12. \n†Specimens from 83 of the 112 outbreaks were tested by the RVP assay. \n‡Greater Toronto Area includes submissions by Peel, York, and Toronto Public Health Units. §Specimens from 78 of the 101 outbreaks were tested by the Luminex xTAG Respiratory Viral Panel (Luminex Molecular Diagnostics, Toronto, Ontario, Canada). Co-infections were noted in 22 of the patients tested by \nthe RVP assay. In 1 LTCF outbreak, 2 patients had co-in-fection of an untypeable in fl uenza A and enterovirus/rhino-\nvirus on testing by RVP. An in fl uenza A real-time RT-PCR \nresult was negative in both patients; 1 patient had a co-in-fection with respiratory syncytial virus B and enterovirus/rhinovirus. Co-infections with coronavirus subtypes 229E and NL63 were the most common, observed in 10 of the 22 patients (45%) infected with multiple pathogens. Isolates from 1 patient were positive for 3 viruses (coronavirus sub-types 229E and NL63 and enterovirus/rhinovirus).\nOne of the 2 outbreaks identi fi ed as caused by pandem-\nic (H1N1) 2009 originated from a LTCF was not observed until June 3, 2009, six weeks into the evolving pandemic, despite widespread community prevalence. The second pandemic (H1N1) 2009 outbreak, registered on June 11, 2009, originated from a hospital treating patients with in fl u-\nenza-like illness. Seasonal in fl uenza (H1N1 and H3N2) or \npandemic (H1N1 2009) was detected in 2,966 (25.5%), and pandemic (H1N1) 2009 in 2,203 (19%) of 11,612 persons tested at PHL for in fl uenza A by real-time RT-PCR dur-\ning April 20–June 12, 2009. Seasonal in fl uenza A (H3N2) \nwas only identi fi ed in 273 specimens (11.0%) of the 2,476 \ninfl uenza A positive samples subtyped. However, it was the \nstrain responsible for 15 (88%) of the typeable in fl uenza A \noutbreaks at the same time. Seasonal in fl uenza A (H1N1) \nwas absent from institutional outbreaks and only detected in 41 (2%) of subtyped in fl uenza A–positive samples from \nthe general population.\nPersons with laboratory-con fi rmed pandemic (H1N1) \n2009 infection tested at the PHL, Ontario Agency for Health Protection and Promotion, were younger than those tested as part of outbreak investigations. Mean and median ages were 21.5 and 16 years, respectively; only 10% were \n>46 years of age.\nConclusions\nThe number of respiratory infection outbreaks in insti-\ntutions submitted to PHL may re fl ect disease impact caused \nby respiratory viruses during the in fl uenza season. Respi-\nratory viruses during the 2007–08 season may have been more active than those of the 2008–09 season because the number of outbreaks registered with PHL decreased from 1 year to the next. Declaration of pandemic status for the novel (H1N1) virus has not in fl uenced the reporting of re-\nspiratory infection outbreaks from institutions in Ontario because submission rates for the corresponding period in 2007–08 and 2008–09 are similar. Variation would not be expected because reporting is required by Ontario law ( 4). \nRespiratory viruses detected in outbreaks in institu-\ntions re fl ect those known to be major causes of acute respi-\nratory disease in the community; prevalence varies based on geographic location, season, and detection methods (5–7). Free access to such institutions by members of the \ncommunity (staff or visitors), in conjunction with commu-nal close quarters of residents, creates an ideal environment for propagation of viral respiratory outbreaks ( 8).\nCurrent guidelines for isolation during viral respiratory \noutbreaks are not tailored for the speci fi c virus. As shown \nin this study, multiplex molecular testing makes it possible to identify the virus causing most LTCF respiratory infec-tion outbreaks. Infection control guidelines for a speci fi c \noutbreak could be modi fi ed based on the incubation period \nand duration of viral shedding for the identi fi ed virus ( 9).\nThe most commonly identi fi ed virus in our study was \nenterovirus/rhinovirus. Clinicians should be reminded that DISPATCHES\n2002 Emerging Infectious Diseases • www.cdc.gov/eid • Vol. 15, No. 12, December 2009Table 2. Etiologic agents identified by the Luminex Respiratory Virus Panel* from samples submitted by regional health units du ring\noutbreaks, Canada† \nEtiologic agent 2009 spring outbreaks, \nOntario, no. (%) 2009 spring outbreaks \nGTA,‡ no. (%) 2008–2009 influenza season \noutbreaks, GTA,‡ no. (%) \nCoronavirus OC43 1 (1) 0 18 (23) \nCoronavirus NL63 0 0 6 (8) \nCoronavirus 229E 4 (5) 0 9 (12) \nMetapneumovirus 17 (20) 2 (12) 21 (27) \nRespiratory syncytial virus A 0 0 5 (6)\nRespiratory syncytial virus B 1 (1) 0 17 (22) \nInfluenza A (H3, human) 11 (13) 6 (35) 4 (5) \nParainfluenza 1 1 (1) 0 (0) 1 (1) \nParainfluenza 3 22 (27) 7 (41) 3 (4) \nEnterovirus/rhinovirus 31 (37) 3 (18) 15§ (19) \nPandemic (H1N1) 2009 virus 1 (1) 1 (6) 0\nInvalid test¶ 0 0 1 (1) \nNone 6 (7) 0 11 (14) \nOutbreaks tested 83 17 78\n*Luminex Molecular Diagnostics, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. \n†GTA, Greater Toronto area. Spring season is delineated as April 20–June 12; influenza season is delineated as October 1–April 19. \n‡Iincludes submissions by Peel, York, and Toronto Public Health Units only. §Seven of the 15 outbreaks were confirmed as rhinovirus by the Seeplex RV12 detection kit (Seegene, Inc., Seoul, South Korea). ¶Reported when the internal control is not detected during a run. Respiratory Infection and Pandemic (H1N1) 2009\nrhinovirus can cause severe lower respiratory tract infec-\ntion, including death, as documented in several LTCF out-breaks ( 10,11 ). These data highlight the need for molecular \ncapacity to diagnose rhinovirus infection because detection is otherwise limited to less sensitive viral culture systems.\nThis review of outbreaks predominantly involving \nelderly persons in LTCFs highlights the sparing of older persons by pandemic (H1N1) 2009. Possible explanations include cross-protective antibodies from previous expo-sure to in fl uenza A (H1N1) strains circulating before the \nantigenic shift of in fl uenza A to subtype H2N2 in 1957 or \nminimal contact with those most likely to have imported the pandemic strain into Canada (young travelers) ( 12). In \naddition, older persons may have less contact with the age group (children 10–19 years of age), with most cases being in Ontario. Our fi ndings support Centers for Disease Control \nand Prevention guidelines for vaccination with monovalent pandemic (H1N1) 2009 virus vaccine. These guidelines have not placed older persons in a high priority group for vaccination because increased rates of hospitalization and severe disease caused by pandemic (H1N1) 2009 have not been observed ( 13,14 ). Investment in multiplex technolo-\ngies to investigate respiratory outbreaks in LTCFs shortens time for pathogen detection, helps guide infection control and vaccination policies, and can potentially save resources spent on other investigations.\nAcknowledgments\nWe thank the Public Health Division, Ontario Ministry of \nHealth and Long Term Care, for assistance in identifying respira-tory outbreaks during the study period.\nMr Marchand-Austin is a Liaison Technical Of fi cer for the \nprovince of Ontario, employed by the Public Health Agency of Canada. This recently created position serves to facilitate communication between provincial and federal public health laboratories.\nReferences\n 1. Monto AS. Epidemiology of viral respiratory infections. Am J \nMed. 2002;112(Suppl 6A):4S–12S. DOI: 10.1016/S0002-9343\n(01)01058-0 2. Gardner ID. The effect of aging on susceptibility to infection. Rev \nInfect Dis. 1980;2:801–10.\n 3. Falsey AR, Treanor JJ, Betts RF, Walsh EE. Viral respiratory infec-\ntions in the institutionalized elderly: clinical and epidemiologic fi nd-\nings. J Am Geriatr Soc. 1992;40:115–9.\n 4. Ontario Ministry of Health and Long-Term Care. Health Protection \nand Promotion Act Ontario, Regulation 559/91. Speci fi cation of Re-\nportable Diseases [cited 2007 May 5]. Available from http://www.e-laws.gov.on.ca/html/regs/english/elaws_regs_910559_e.htm \n 5. Mahony JB. Detection of respiratory viruses by molecular methods. \nClin Microbiol Rev. 2008;21:716–47. DOI: 10.1128/CMR.00037-07\n 6. Laguna-Torres V A, Gómez J, Ocaña V , Aguilar P, Saldarriaga T, \nChavez E, et al. In fl uenza-like illness sentinel surveillance in Peru. \nPLoS One. 2009;4:e6118. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0006118\n 7. Follin, P, Lindqvist A, Nyström, K, and Lyndh, M. A variety of re-\nspiratory viruses found in symptomatic travellers returning from countries with ongoing spread of the new in fl uenza A (H1N1) virus \nstrain. Euro Surveill. 2009;14(24):pii 19242.\n 8. Nuno M, Reichert TA, Chowell G, Gumel AB. Protecting residential \ncare facilities from pandemic in fl uenza. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. \n2008;105:10625–30. DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0712014105\n 9. Lessler J, Reich NG, Brookmeyer R, Perl TM, Nelson KE, Cum-\nmings DA. Incubation periods of acute respiratory viral infections: a systematic review. Lancet Infect Dis. 2009;9:291–300. DOI: 10.1016/S1473-3099(09)70069-6\n10. Hicks LA, Shepard CW, Britz PH, Erdman DD, Fischer M, Flannery \nBL, et al. Two outbreaks of severe respiratory disease in nursing homes associated with rhinovirus. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2006;54:284–9. DOI: 10. 1111/j.1532-5415.2005.00529.x\n11. Louie JK, Yagi S, Nelson FA, Kiang D, Glaser CA, Rosenberg J, \net al. Rhinovirus outbreak in a long term care facility for elderly persons associated with unusually high mortality. Clin Infect Dis. 2005;41:262–5. DOI: 10.1086/430915\n12. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Serum cross-reactive \nantibody response to a novel in fl uenza A (H1N1) virus after vacci-\nnation with seasonal in fl uenza vaccine. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly \nRep. 2009;58:521–4.\n13. National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Cen-\nters for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Use of in fl uenza A \n(H1N1) 2009 monovalent vaccine: recommendations of the Advi-sory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP), 2009. MMWR Recomm Rep. 2009;58(RR10):1–8.\n14. Novel Swine-Origin In fl uenza A (H1N1) Virus Investigation Team, \nDawood FS, Jain S, Finelli L, Shaw MW, Lindstrom S, Garten RJ, et al. Emergence of a novel swine-origin in fl uenza A (H1N1) vi-\nrus in humans. N Engl J Med. 2009;360:2605–15. DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa0903810\nAddress for correspondence: Jonathan B. Gubbay, Ontario Agency for \nHealth Protection and Promotion, Public Health Laboratory, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1V2, Canada; email: jgubbay@rogers.com\n Emerging Infectious Diseases • www.cdc.gov/eid • Vol. 15, No. 12, December 2009 2003 \nSearch past issues of EID at www.cdc.gov/eid Estimates of \nthe Prevalence \nof Pandemic \n(H1N1) 2009, \nUnited States,\nApril–July 2009\nCarrie Reed, Frederick J. Angulo, \nDavid L. Swerdlow, Marc Lipsitch, \nMartin I. Meltzer, Daniel Jernigan, and Lyn Finelli\nThrough July 2009, a total of 43,677 laboratory-con-\nfi rmed cases of in fl uenza A pandemic (H1N1) 2009 were \nreported in the United States, which is likely a substantial underestimate of the true number. Correcting for under-as-certainment using a multiplier model, we estimate that 1.8 million–5.7 million cases occurred, including 9,000–21,000 hospitalizations.\nHuman cases of in fl uenza A pandemic (H1N1) 2009 \nwere fi rst identi fi ed in the United States in April 2009 \n(1,2). By the end of July, >40,000 laboratory-con fi rmed \ninfections had been reported, representing only a fraction of total cases. Persons with in fl uenza may not be included \nin reported counts for a variety of reasons, including the following: not all ill persons seek medical care and have a specimen collected, not all specimens are sent to a public health laboratory for con fi rmatory testing with reverse tran-\nscription–PCR (RT-PCR; rapid point-of-care testing cannot differentiate pandemic [H1N1] 2009 from other strains), and not all specimens will give positive results because of the timing of collection or the quality of the specimen. To better estimate the prevalence of pandemic (H1N1) 2009 during April–July 2009 in the United States, we created a simple multiplier model that adjusts for these sources of under-ascertainment.\nThe Study\nThrough July 23, 2009, a total of 43,677 laboratory-\nconfi rmed infections with pandemic (H1N1) 2009 had been \nreported in the United States by the 50 states and the Dis-trict of Columbia, including 5,009 hospitalizations and 302 deaths. To estimate the total number of cases of pandemic (H1N1) 2009, we built a probabilistic multiplier model that \nadjusts the count of laboratory-con fi rmed cases for each \nof the following steps: medical care seeking (A), speci-men collection (B), submission of specimens for con fi rma-\ntion (C), laboratory detection of pandemic (H1N1) 2009 (D), and reporting of con fi rmed cases (E) (Figure). This \napproach has been used to calculate the underrecognized impact of foodborne illness in the United States ( 3).\nAt each step, we identi fi ed a range of proportions ob-\nserved in prior published studies and recent surveys and investigations of pandemic (H1N1) 2009. These include 2 unpublished community surveys on in fl uenza-like ill-\nness (ILI) and health-seeking behavior, the 2007 Behav-ioral Risk Factor Surveillance Survey conducted in 10 \nDISPATCHES\n2004 Emerging Infectious Diseases • www.cdc.gov/eid • Vol. 15, No. 12, December 2009Author af fi liations: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, \nAtlanta, Georgia, USA (C. Reed, F.J. Angulo, D.L. Swerdlow, M.I. Meltzer, D. Jernigan, L. Finelli); and Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA (M. Lipsitch)\nDOI: 10.3201/eid1512.091413\nFigure. Schematic of the steps involved in adjusting counts of \nreported cases of pandemic (H1N1) 2009 to estimate total cases. Prevalence of Pandemic (H1N1) 2009, United States\nstates and repeated in the same states during May 2009, \nand fi eld investigations conducted during early outbreaks \nof pandemic (H1N1) 2009 in Chicago and Delaware (on-line Technical Appendix, available from www.cdc.gov/EID/content/15/12/2004-Techapp.pdf; [ 4]). We theorized \nthat, given recommendations for testing, patients hospital-ized with pandemic (H1N1) 2009 would more likely have been tested and their cases reported than would outpatients. We therefore strati fi ed our model between hospitalized and \nnonhospitalized cases (Figure). For hospitalized patients, we used larger estimates of the proportion of specimens collected, tested, and reported, which resulted in smaller multiplier values (Table 1). We also adjusted for the fact that early in the epidemic physicians and health depart-ments were encouraged to collect clinical specimens from all suspect case-patients with ILI and forward them for con-fi rmatory testing with RT-PCR. By May 12, due to the in-\ncreasing number of cases and the demands on public health laboratories, guidance for con fi rmatory testing was revised \nto focus on hospitalized patients. We therefore used a lower estimate for the proportion of specimens collected from pa-tients with mild illness after that date, effectively increas-\ning the multiplier for those patients (Table 1).\nMultipliers were calculated as the simple inverses of \nthe proportions at each step. We accounted for variability and uncertainty in model parameters by using a probabi-listic (Monte Carlo) approach (built by using SAS version 9.2; SAS Institute, Cary, NC, USA). For each parameter in-cluded in the model, we used uniform probability distribu-tions that covered a range of minimum to maximum values, from which the model randomly sampled 10,000 iterations (online Technical Appendix). We generated median, upper, and lower 90% values for the number of total illnesses and hospitalizations.To further divide estimated cases into age groups, we \napplied the age distribution of con fi rmed cases and hospi-\ntalizations as reported to the US Centers for Disease Con-trol and Prevention through July 23, 2009 (online Tech-nical Appendix), and calculated overall and age-speci fi c \nincidence of illness and hospitalization, based on the US Census monthly population estimates for May 2009. We did not have age-speci fi c parameter estimates, and thus did \nnot stratify by age group within the model. This approach may not fully capture differences in the probability of as-certainment by age.\nUsing this approach, between April and July 2009, \nwe estimate that the median multiplier of reported to es-timated cases was 79; that is, every reported case of pan-demic (H1N1) 2009 may represent 79 total cases, with a 90% probability range of 47–148, for a median estimate of 3.0 million (range 1.8–5.7 million) symptomatic cases of pandemic (H1N1) 2009 in the United States. Likewise, we estimate that every hospitalized case of pandemic (H1N1) 2009 that was reported may represent a median of 2.7 total hospitalized persons (90% range 1.9–4.3). This represents a median estimate of 14,000 (range 9,000–21,000) hospi-talizations (Table 2) and thus an estimated ratio of hos-pitalizations to total symptomatic cases of 0.45% (range 0.16%–1.2%).\nWe also estimate that incidence of pandemic (H1N1) \n2009 over the fi rst 4 months of the pandemic in the United \nStates ranged from a median of 107/100,000 in persons >65 years of age, to 2,196/100,000 in persons 5–24 years of age (Table 2). The incidence of hospitalization was estimated to be highest in young children <5 years of age (median 13.0/100,000, 90% range 8.8–20.2).\n Emerging Infectious Diseases • www.cdc.gov/eid • Vol. 15, No. 12, December 2009 2005 Table 1. Model parameters and sources of data included in the model estimating prevalence of pandemic (H1N1) 2009, United State s,\nApril–July 2009* \nRanges included in the model, %\nParameter Observed value Source Not hospitalized Hospitalized\n42 2007 BRFSS, 9 states†\n52–55 2009 ILI survey, 10 states†\n49–58 Delaware university surveyA Proportion of persons with influenza \nwho seek medical care, %\n52 Chicago community survey42–58 100\n25 2007 BRFSS, 9 states†\n22–28 2009 ILI survey, 10 states†B Proportion of persons seeking care \nwith a specimen collected, %\n19–34 Delaware university survey19–34 40–75\nC Proportion of specimens collected that \nare sent for confirmatory testing, %26\n(through May 3)Delaware university survey 20–30 (through May \n12); 5–15 (after May 12)50–90\nD Test detects influenza Published studies 90–100 90–100\nE Proportion of confirmed cases \nreported to CDCAssumption 95–100 95–100\nNo. reported cases 43,677 Reports to CDC through \nJuly 23, 20094,759 (through May 12); \n33,909 (after May 12)5,009\n*BFRSS, Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance Survey; ILI, Influenza-like illness; CDC, Centers for Disease Control and Preventio n. States include \nCalifornia, Colorado, Connecticut, Georgia, Maryland, Minnesota, New Mexico, New York, Oregon, and Tennessee. †Parameter estimates and sources are described in further detail in the online Technical Appendix; available from www.cdc.gov/E ID/content/15/12/2004-\nTechapp.pdf. Conclusions\nWe demonstrate that the reported cases of laboratory \nconfi rmed pandemic (H1N1) 2009 are likely a substantial \nunderestimation of the total number of actual illnesses that occurred in the community during the spring of 2009. We estimate that through July 23, 2009, from 1.8 million to 5.7 million symptomatic cases of pandemic (H1N1) 2009 occurred in the United States, resulting in 9,000–21,000 hospitalizations. We did not estimate the number of deaths directly from our model, but among reports of laboratory-confi rmed cases though July 23, the ratio of deaths to hos-\npitalizations was 6%. When applying this fraction to the number of hospitalizations calculated from the model—that is, by assuming that deaths and hospitalizations are under-reported to the same extent—we obtain a median estimate of 800 deaths (90% range 550–1,300) during this same period. Because this assumption has several limitations (5), more sophisticated models are also being developed \nto better understand the severity of the US epidemic in the spring of 2009, including intensive care unit admissions and deaths ( 6). \nOur analysis involves several assumptions. Data for \nparameter estimates were collected in limited periods and areas and thus may not be fully representative of the entire United States. To account for some of this uncertainty, a range of values was included for each proportion. Addi-tional data from surveys of health-seeking behavior, physi-cian testing practices, and policies for con fi rmatory testing \nat public health laboratories could help re fi ne the param-\neter estimates. In addition, parameters were obtained from studies of persons with ILI, de fi ned as fever with cough or sore throat. Persons with milder illness may be less likely \nto seek care or be tested, and thus may not be fully captured in these estimates. Likewise, in some heavily affected ar-eas, the size of the outbreak quickly exceeded the capacity to ascertain and test case-patients. Thus, our results may refl ect a conservative estimate of total cases.\nAs pandemic (H1N1) 2009 continues to spread through \nthe United States and the world, laboratory-con fi rmed cases \nwill continue to greatly underestimate the number of actual cases that occur. Surveillance for in fl uenza does not tradi-\ntionally rely on complete case ascertainment, which would be impractical, but on focused case ascertainment with well-characterized surveillance systems and special stud-ies. Unfortunately, relying on laboratory-con fi rmed cases \nlimits the ability to understand the full impact and sever-ity of the epidemic, especially when severe cases are more likely to be recognized ( 5).\nThis model provides a relatively quick and simple \napproach to estimate the human health impact of the epi-demic in advance of more rigorous analysis of surveillance and health care data that will be available over the next few years. Health systems and infrastructure may be un-prepared in the short-term if plans are based on a number of con fi rmed cases that substantially underestimates the \nimpact of the epidemic. We estimate that the total num-ber of pandemic (H1N1) 2009 cases in the United States during April–July 2009 may have been up to 140× greater than the reported number of laboratory con fi rmed cases. A \nspreadsheet version of the model has been developed and is available online (www.cdc.gov/h1n1 fl u/tools). Using \nthis tool, health of fi cials and policy makers could adjust DISPATCHES\n2006 Emerging Infectious Diseases • www.cdc.gov/eid • Vol. 15, No. 12, December 2009Table 2. Estimates of pandemic (H1N1) 2009–related cases and rates of illness and hospitalization by age distribution of confir med\ncase-patients, United States, April–July 2009 \nEstimated no. case-patients Estimated rate/100,000*\nParameter Median 90% range Median 90% range\nTotal no. case-patients by age group, y† 3,052,768 1,831,115–5,720,928 997 598–1,868\n 0–4 397,033 238,149–744,045 1,870 1,122–3,505\n 5–24 1,820,284 1,091,845–3,411,237 2,196 1,317–4,115\n 25–49 612,862 367,608–1,148,511 577 346–1,081\n 50–64 180,297 108,146–337,879 319 192–599\n>65 42,292 25,368–79,256 107 64–201\nNo. hospitalized case-patients by age group, y 13,764 9,278–21,305 4.5 3.0–7.0\n 0–4 2,768 1,866–4,285 13.0 8.8–20.2\n 5–24 4,991 3,364–7,725 6.0 4.1–9.3\n 25–49 3,440 2,319–5,324 3.2 2.2–5.0\n 50–64 1,912 1,289–2,959 3.4 2.3–5.2\n>65 654 441–1,012 1.7 1.1–2.6\nMultiplier\n Hospitalized 2.7 1.7–4.5 – –\n Nonhospitalized 79 47–148 – –\n Through May 12 33 23–49 – –\n After May 12 84 50–163 – –\n*United States Population Estimates, 2009. \n†Age distributions from line list and aggregate reports of laboratory-confirmed cases and hospitalizations to the Centers for D isease Control and \nPrevention through July 23, 2009. Prevalence of Pandemic (H1N1) 2009, United States\nthe model parameters to represent their local experience, \nwhich may provide useful estimates of the prevalence of pandemic (H1N1) 2009 in their areas and help plan for a subsequent wave of the epidemic in the fall and winter months of 2009–2010.\nM.L. acknowledges support from the US National Insti-\ntutes of Health Models of Infectious Disease Agent Study pro-gram through cooperative agreements 5U01GM076497 and 1U54GM088588. M.L. has received consulting fees from the Avian/Pandemic Flu Registry (Outcome Sciences), funded in part by Roche.\nDr Reed is an epidemiologist in the In fl uenza Division at the \nCenters for Disease Control and Prevention. She recently com-pleted a 2-year fellowship as an Epidemic Intelligence Service Offi cer in the In fl uenza Division at CDC.\nReferences\n 1. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Swine in fl uenza A \n(H1N1) infection in two children—southern California, March–April 2009. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2009;58:400–2. 2. Dawood FS, Jain S, Finelli L, Shaw MW, Lindstrom S, Garten RJ, \net al. Emergence of a novel swine-origin in fl uenza A (H1N1) vi-\nrus in humans. N Engl J Med. 2009;360:2605–15. DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa0903810\n 3. Mead PS, Slutsker L, Dietz V , McCraig LF, Bresee JS, Shapiro C, et \nal. Food-related illness and death in the United States. Emerg Infect Dis. 1999;5:607–25. DOI: 10.3201/eid0505.990502\n 4. Iuliano AD, Reed C, Guh A, Desai M, Dee DL, Kutty P, et al. Notes \nfrom the fi eld: outbreak of 2009 pandemic in fl uenza A (H1N1) virus \nat a large public university—Delaware, April–May 2009. Clin In-\nfect Dis. In press.\n \n 5. Garske T, Legrand J, Donnelly CA, Ward H, Cauchemez S, Fraser \nC, et al. Assessing the severity of the novel in fl uenza A/H1N1 pan-\ndemic. BMJ. 2009;339:b2840. DOI: 10.1136/bmj.b2840\n 6. Presanis AM, Lipsitch M, De Angelis D, New York City Swine Flu \nInvestigation Team, Hagy A, Reed C, et al. The severity of pandemic H1N1 in fl uenza in the United States, April–June 2009. PLoS Cur-\nrents In fl uenza. 2009 [cited 2009 Oct 23]. Available from http://knol.\ngoogle.com/k/anne-m-presanis/the-severity-of-pandemic-h1n1-infl uenza/agr0htar1u6r/16#\nAddress for correspondence: Carrie Reed, In fl uenza Division, Centers \nfor Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Rd NE, Mailstop A32, Atlanta, GA 30033, USA; email: creed1@cdc.gov\n Emerging Infectious Diseases • www.cdc.gov/eid • Vol. 15, No. 12, December 2009 2007 \n Mopeia Virus–\nrelated Arenavirus \nin Natal \nMultimammate Mice, \nMorogoro, Tanzania\nStephan Günther, Guy Hoofd, Remi Charrel, \nChristina Röser, Beate Becker-Ziaja, \nGraham Lloyd, Christopher Sabuni, \nRon Verhagen, Guido van der Groen, Jan Kennis, \nAbdul Katakweba, Robert Machang’u, \nRhodes Makundi, and Herwig Leirs\nA serosurvey involving 2,520 small mammals from \nTanzania identi fi ed a hot spot of arenavirus circulation in \nMorogoro. Molecular screening detected a new arenavirus in Natal multimammate mice ( Mastomys natalensis) , Mo-\nrogoro virus, related to Mopeia virus. Only a small percent-age of mice carry Morogoro virus, although a large propor-tion shows speci fi c antibodies.\nArenaviruses are segmented negative-strand RNA vi-\nruses. Their natural hosts are various rodent species. \nThe virus family comprises several human pathogens caus-ing hemorrhagic fever, namely Machupo, Guanarito, Junin, Sabia, and Chapare viruses in South America, and Lassa and Lujo viruses in Africa ( 1–3). In addition, Africa har-\nbors arenaviruses that are not linked with human disease: Mobala, Ippy, Mopeia, and Kodoko viruses ( 4–7). We con-\nducted a systematic search in wildlife in Tanzania to iden-tify new African arenaviruses.\nThe Study\nDuring 1985 through 1989, a total of 2,520 small mam-\nmals were live-trapped in different regions of Tanzania. After species determination, they were measured and bled by orbital puncture. Serum samples were tested by indirect \nimmuno fl uorescent antibody (IFA) assay ( 8). Lassa virus \nwas used as antigen due to its cross-reactivity with immune sera from animals infected with other arenaviruses ( 4,6). \nClusters of seropositivity were found in Arvicanthis spp. \nrodents from the Iringa region (20%) and in Natal multi-mammate mice ( Mastomys natalensis ) from Arusha (18%) \nand Morogoro (17%) ( Table 1 ), which suggests that these \nanimals are reservoirs of arenaviruses. Titers ranged from 16 to 512 and 16 to 4,096 in Arvicanthis spp. rodents and \nM. natalensis mice, respectively. Peak prevalence in M. \nnatalensis mice was found on the campus of the Sokoine \nUniversity in Morogoro (23.7% of 746 animals collected over several seasons).\nIn 2004, M. natalensis mice were trapped in a mosaic of \nmaize fi elds and fallow grassland at the university campus \nin the city of Morogoro (6°50 ′34.9794′′S; 37°38′8.232′′E) \nto identify the virus. The animal voucher specimens were deposited at the Royal Museum of Central Africa, Ter-vuren, Belgium. RNA was prepared from 10 μL of rodent \nserum by using the QIAamp Viral RNA kit (QIAGEN, Valencia, CA, USA), and screening was performed by us-ing a pan–Old World arenavirus reverse transcription–PCR (RT-PCR) speci fi c for the large (L) gene ( 9). One of 96 \nserum samples was positive (no. 3017/2004) ( Table 2 ), and \nsequencing of the PCR fragment showed a new arenavirus sequence. The virus was isolated in Vero cells and called Morogoro virus (strain 3017/2004).\nFor sequencing, the isolate was propagated in T75 \nfl asks, virus particles in supernatant were pelleted by ultra-\ncentrifugation, and RNA was isolated by using the QIAamp Viral RNA kit (QIAGEN). The entire 3.5-kb small (S) RNA segment was ampli fi ed by RT-PCR as described previously \n(10). The 7-kb L RNA segment was ampli fi ed in 2 fragments \nby using a long-range RT-PCR protocol and primers target-ing the conserved termini of L RNA and Morogoro virus–specifi c primers designed on the basis of the sequence of the \nfragment detected by RT-PCR screening. By using the PCR products as a template, short overlapping fragments were ampli fi ed and sequenced with a set of consensus primers \nfor Old World arenaviruses, and S and L RNA sequences were assembled (GenBank accession nos. EU914103 and EU914104). (Sequences reported in this article have been submitted to GenBank and assigned the following accession numbers: full-length S and L RNA sequences of Morogoro virus, EU914103–04; partial L gene sequences of Morogoro virus, EU914107–22; cytochrome B gene of Morogoro vi-rus-positive Mastomys natalensis , EU914105–06.)\nFull-length amino acid sequences of glycoprotein \nprecursor (GPC), nucleoprotein (NP), and L protein of Morogoro virus were aligned with published Old World arenavirus sequences and pairwise p distances were calcu-lated. Morogoro virus showed genetic similarity to strains DISPATCHES\n2008 Emerging Infectious Diseases • www.cdc.gov/eid • Vol. 15, No. 12, December 2009Author af fi liations: Bernhard-Nocht-Institute for Tropical Medicine, \nHamburg, Germany (S. Günther, B. Becker-Ziaja); Institute of Tropical Medicine Leopold II, Antwerp, Belgium (G. Hoofd, G. van der Groen); Université de la Méditerranée, Marseille, France (R. \nCharrel); Artus Company, Hamburg (C. Röser); Centre for Emer-gency Preparedness and Response, Salisbury, UK (G. Lloyd); \nSokoine University of Agriculture, Morogoro, Tanzania (C. Sabuni, A. Katakweba, R. Machang’u, R. Makundi) University of Antwerp Department of Biology, Antwerp (R. Verhagen, J. Kennis, H. Leirs); and University of Aarhus Department of Integrated Pest Manage-ment, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark (H. Leirs)\nDOI: 10.3201/eid1512.090864 Mopeia Virus–related Arenavirus, Morogoro, Tanzania\nof Mopeia virus that were circulating in Mozambique ( 4) \nand Zimbabwe ( 5). A close relationship between both vi-\nruses was also demonstrated by phylogenetic analysis us-ing GPC, NP, and L gene sequences ( Figure 1, panel D, \nand data not shown). Both viruses are sister taxa, sharing a common ancestor with Mobala virus.\nAlthough the distances between Morogoro and Mopeia \nvirus in the amino acid sequence of GPC (12%), NP (12%–13%), and L gene (26%) were higher than intraspecies dif-ferences among known African arenaviruses (i.e., pairwise differences between strains of the same species; <11% in GPC and NP; <21% in L), they did not reach the level of interspecies distances (>20% in GPC and NP; >37% in L) (Figure 1, panels A–C ). Therefore, we currently consider \nMorogoro virus a subspecies of Mopeia virus rather than a new arenavirus species. This classi fi cation is supported \nby the fact that both viruses share the same host. Sequenc-ing of the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene of rodent liver samples positive for Morogoro virus con fi rmed that its \nnatural host is M. natalensis mice (GenBank accession nos. \nEU914105 and EU914106).An additional 303 ethanol-preserved liver samples and \n63 serum samples were collected in 2004 and 2007, respec-tively. Liver tissue ( ≈3 mg) was homogenized by using a \nbead mill. Cell debris was pelleted by centrifugation, and RNA was isolated from the homogenate with the RNeasy Mini kit (QIAGEN). Testing by L gene RT-PCR ( 9) showed \n16 positive liver and serum samples, which indicated a vi-rus prevalence in the M. natalensis population of ≈4% ( Ta-\nble 2 ). PCR fragments were sequenced (GenBank acces-\nsion nos. EU914107–EU914122), and Morogoro virus was isolated in cell culture from all 4 PCR-positive serum sam-ples obtained in 2007. Morogoro virus–speci fi c antibodies \nin serum samples from 2004 and 2007 were measured by IFA assay using Vero cells infected with Morogoro virus. The antibody prevalence was ≈50%, which compares quite \nwell with the 23% prevalence determined in this area 20 years before. In some animals, virus and antibodies were detected ( Table 2 ).\nThe availability of Morogoro virus L gene sequences \nfrom 2004 and 2007, originating from the same host popu-lation (trapping sites <1 km apart), provided us with the \n Emerging Infectious Diseases • www.cdc.gov/eid • Vol. 15, No. 12, December 2009 2009 Table 1. Detection of African arenavirus-specific antibodies in small mammals in Tanzania, 1985–1989* \nAntibody detection† by region (no. positive/no. tested)\nGenus Arusha Iringa Lindi Mbeya Morogoro Mtwara Ruvuma Songea Tanga Total\nAcomys – 0/3 0/2 0/2 0/57 0/2 – – – 0/66\nAethomys – 0/3 0/4 – 0/23 0/11 0/7 0/8 – 0/56\nArvicanthis 0/13 6/30 – – – – – – 0/87 6/130\nCricetomys – – – – 0/35 – – – – 0/35\nLemniscomys 0/5 1/2 1/2 – 1/30 0/2 0/1 – – 3/42\nLophuromys 0/3 0/1 – – 0/3 – – – 0/7 0/14\nMastomys 7/39 0/17 1/120 0/12 181/1,054 ‡ 0/81 0/8 0/25 0/82 189/1,438\nMus – 0/1 – 0/1 1/47 ––– – 1/49\nPraomys – 0/3 – 0/1 0/1 – – – 0/1 0/6\nRattus – – 0/24 0/1 0/49 0/20 0/3 0/15 0/196 0/308\nTatera 0/1 0/1 0/32 – 0/127 0/69 0/11 0/3 – 0/244\nUranomys – – – – 0/11 – – – – 0/11\nSciuridae – – 0/13 – 0/2 – 0/2 – 0/10 0/27\nCrocidura –– – – 1/14 ––– – 1/14\nPetrodomus – – 0/9 – – 0/18 – – – 0/27\n13 other genera – 0/1 0/2 0/7 0/21 0/20 – – 0/2 0/53\nTotal 7/61 7/62 2/208 0/24 184/1,474 0/223 0/32 0/51 0/385 200/2,520\n*Positive samples as well as the respective sampling sites and animals are indicated in boldface .\n†Immunofluorescent antibody (IFA) assay was performed with Lassa virus–infected cells (cut-off titer 16). \n‡Fifty IFA assay–positive serum samples were randomly selected and tested by immunoblotting. Presence of African arenavirus–spe cific antibodies, as \ndefined by reactivity with Lassa virus nucleoprotein and glycoprotein 2, was confirmed in 47 serum specimens. \nTable 2. Prevalence of Morogoro virus and Morogoro virus–specific antibodies in Mastomys natalensis mice from Morogoro University \ncampus, Tanzania \nSpecimen and year of sampling\n No. samples No. (%) virus positive (PCR) No. (%) antibody positive* No. (%) antibody plus \nvirus positive \nSerum 2004 96 1 (1)† 42 (44) 0 \nLiver 2004 303 12 (4)† – – \nSerum 2007 63 4 (6)‡ 40 (63) 3 (5)§ \n*By immunofluorescent antibody (IFA) assay, performed with Morogoro virus-infected cells (cut-off 32). \n†Testing was performed with universal Old World arenavirus large (L) gene reverse transcription–PCR ( 9). \n‡Testing was performed with Morogoro virus–specific L gene RT-PCR using primers MoroL3359-forward (5 ƍ-AGGATTAGTGAGAGAGAGAGTAATTC-3 ƍ) \nand MoroL3753-reverse (5 ƍ-ACATCATTGGGCCCCACTTACTATGGTC-3 ƍ). \n§Titers ranged from 64 to 512. opportunity to estimate the molecular clock rate for this \nvirus. Phylogenetic reconstruction was performed with the BEAST version 1.4.8 package (http://beast.bio.ed.ac.uk) (11) under the assumption of a relaxed lognormal molecu-\nlar clock and general time reversible (GTR) or Hasegawa-Kishino-Yano (HKY) substitution model with gamma-dis-tributed substitution rate variation among sites ( Figure 2 \nand data not shown). Analysis was run for 2 million Mark-ov chain Monte Carlo steps, which yielded a reliable set of data as veri fi ed with the TRACER program (http://tree.bio.\ned.ac.uk/software/tracer). Based on GTR and HYK model, 3.2 × 10\n–3 and 3.4 × 10–3 substitutions per site and year \n(95% interval of highest posterior density 1.1–6.6 × 10–3), \nrespectively, were calculated.\nConclusions\nA serologic survey in small mammals from Tanzania \nidenti fi ed a hot spot of arenavirus circulation in Morogoro DISPATCHES\n2010 Emerging Infectious Diseases • www.cdc.gov/eid • Vol. 15, No. 12, December 2009\nFigure 1. Genetic distances and phylogenetic relationship among arenaviruses, including Morogoro virus. Amino acid sequence div ersity \nwas calculated using p distance. Full-length glycoprotein precursor (GPC), nucleoprotein (NP), and large (L) gene amino acid se quences \nof the following arenaviruses were pairwise compared: Lassa virus (strains Josiah, NL, Z148, Macenta, AV, and CSF), Mobala Acar 3080, \nMorogoro 3017/2004, Mopeia virus (strains Mozambique and Zimbabwe), Ippy DakAnB188d, lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) \n(strains CH-5692, Marseille, Armstrong, and WE for all genes; Traub and Pasteur for GPC and NP only), Pirital, and Pichinde. Fr equency \nhistograms of pairwise distances are shown for A) GPC gene; B) NP gene; and C) L gene. The ranges for intraspecies distances (i .e., \npairwise differences between strains of the same virus species); distances between different African arenavirus species; betwee n \nAfrican arenaviruses and LCMV; and between Old World and New World viruses are marked above the bars. Bars representing the distances between Morogoro virus and the most closely related viruses (Mopeia virus strains) are fi lled in black. D) Phylogeny of Old \nWorld arenaviruses based on full-length L gene amino acid sequences. The tree was inferred by using the neighbor-joining method \nimplemented in the MEGA software package (www.megasoftware.net). The New World arenaviruses Pirital and Pichinde were used as outgroups. Numbers represent bootstrap support (1,000 replications). Identical trees with respect to the phylogenetic position of Morogoro \nvirus (shown in the box) were obtained with full-length GPC and NP amino acid sequences (not shown). Scale bar indicates nucleo tide \nsubstitutions per site. Mopeia Virus–related Arenavirus, Morogoro, Tanzania\nin the late 1980s. This work is being published now be-\ncause early attempts to substantiate the existence of the vi-rus failed. The identi fi cation of the virus was facilitated by \na recently developed pan–Old World arenavirus PCR ( 9) \nthat also led to the discovery of new arenaviruses in ro-dents from West Africa ( 7). Only a small percentage of M. \nnatalensis mice carry Morogoro virus, and a large propor-\ntion shows speci fi c antibodies, which indicates that most \nanimals clear the virus during life. Viruses and antibodies, which are presumbably directed to nucleocapsid proteins, also co-circulate, as seen in hantavirus infection in rodents (12). Detection of Morogoro virus in the liver is consistent \nwith the organ tropism of Lassa virus in M. natalensis mice \n(13). In agreement with studies on Lassa virus strains, the \nlargest genetic distance between Morogoro and Mopeia vi-rus was seen in L gene, which contains several highly vari-able regions ( 14).\nThe clock rate estimate of 3 × 10\n–3 for Morogoro virus \nL gene is in agreement with that of other RNA viruses ( 15), \nalthough it must be interpreted with caution, given that the difference in date between the samples is not large. The \ntree topology did not correlate with geographic or ecologic sampling data.\nThe pathogenicity of Morogoro virus for humans is not \nknown, though its phylogenetic clustering with African are-naviruses that are not linked with human disease ( 4–6) and \nthe absence of hemorrhagic fever in the area suggest that it does not cause severe disease. Hospital-based investiga-tions are required to estimate the public health relevance of this virus.\nAcknowledgments\nWe thank the Tanzanian authorities and the academic au-\nthorities of the Sokoine University of Agriculture, Morogoro, who provided us with the necessary permits and working facili-ties; and the fi eld staff as well as Mike Michiels, Jan Stuyck, and \nBukheti S. Kilonzo for their help in collecting animals. \nThe early work was supervised and stimulated by the late \nWalter Verheyen, within the framework of the Tanzanian-Bel-gium Joint Rodent Research Project (supported by the Belgian General Administration for Developmental Cooperation); the re-cent work was undertaken under the SUA-VLIR Interuniversity Cooperation program of the Flemish Interuniversity Council and the VIZIER integrated project grant LSHG-CT-2004-511960 of the European Union 6th Framework. The Bernhard-Nocht-Insti-tute is supported by the Bundesministerium für Gesundheit and the Freie und Hansestadt Hamburg.\nDr Günther is head of the Virology Department at the Bern-\nhard-Nocht-Institute for Tropical Medicine, Hamburg, Germany. His research interests are molecular biology and epidemiology of arenaviruses, in particular, Lassa virus.\nReferences\n 1. Günther S, Lenz O. Lassa virus. Crit Rev Clin Lab Sci. 2004;41:339–\n90. DOI: 10.1080/10408360490497456\n 2. Delgado S, Erickson BR, Agudo R, Blair PJ, Vallejo E, Albarino \nCG, et al. Chapare virus, a newly discovered arenavirus isolat-ed from a fatal hemorrhagic fever case in Bolivia. PLoS Pathog. 2008;4:e1000047. DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1000047\n 3. Briese T, Paweska JT, McMullan LK, Hutchison SK, Street C, \nPalacios G, et al. Genetic detection and characterization of Lujo \nvirus, a new hemorrhagic fever–associated arenavirus from south-\nern Africa. PLoS Pathog. 2009;5:e1000455. DOI: 10.1371/journal.\nppat.1000455\n 4. Wulff H, McIntosh BM, Hamner DB, Johnson KM. Isolation of an \narenavirus closely related to Lassa virus from Mastomys natalensis \nin south-east Africa. Bull World Health Organ. 1977;55:441–4.\n 5. Johnson KM, Taylor P, Elliott LH, Tomori O. Recovery of a \nLassa-related arenavirus in Zimbabwe. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 1981;30:1291–3.\n 6. Gonzalez JP, McCormick JB, Saluzzo JF, Herve JP, Georges AJ, \nJohnson KM. An arenavirus isolated from wild-caught rodents \n(Pramys species) in the Central African Republic. Intervirology. \n1983;19:105–12. DOI: 10.1159/000149344\n Emerging Infectious Diseases • www.cdc.gov/eid • Vol. 15, No. 12, December 2009 2011 \nFigure 2. Phylogenetic tree and molecular clock of Morogoro \nvirus based on partial large gene sequences of 17 strains (340 nucleotides; GenBank accession nos. EU914104 and EU914107–EU914122). Phylogeny was inferred with the BEAST v1.4.8 package (11) under assumption of a relaxed lognormal molecular clock and \ngeneral time reversible substitution model with gamma-distributed substitution rate variation among sites. Branches with posterior probability <0.5 were collapsed. The substitution rate per site and year is indicated for each branch. Node ages and rates are median values. Variation in rates among branches is low as calculated with Tracer program (beast.bio.ed.ac.uk/Tracer) indicating a molecular clock in the evolution of Morogoro virus. The same tree topology with similar substitution rates was obtained when assuming the Hasegawa-Kishino-Yano substitution model (not shown). 7. Lecompte E, ter Meulen J, Emonet S, Daf fi s S, Charrel RN. Genetic \nidenti fi cation of Kodoko virus, a novel arenavirus of the African \npigmy mouse ( Mus Nannomys minutoides ) in West Africa. Virology. \n2007;364:178–83. DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2007.02.008\n 8. van der Groen G, Kurata T, Mets C. Modi fi cations to indirect immu-\nnofl uorescence tests on Lassa, Marburg, and Ebola material. Lancet. \n1983;1(8325):654. DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(83)91831-7\n 9. Vieth S, Drosten C, Lenz O, Vincent M, Omilabu S, Hass M, et al. \nRT-PCR assay for detection of Lassa virus and related Old World arenaviruses targeting the L gene. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg. 2007;101:1253–64. DOI: 10.1016/j.trstmh.2005.03.018\n10. Günther S, Emmerich P, Laue T, Kühle O, Asper M, Jung A, et al. \nImported Lassa fever in Germany: molecular characterization of a new Lassa virus strain. Emerg Infect Dis. 2000;6:466–76. DOI: 10.3201/eid0605.000504\n11. Drummond AJ, Ho SY , Phillips MJ, Rambaut A. Relaxed phylo-\ngenetics and dating with con fi dence. PLoS Biol. 2006;4:e88. DOI: \n10.1371/journal.pbio.004008812. Essbauer SS, Schmidt-Chanasit J, Madeja EL, Wegener W, Friedrich \nR, Petraityte R, et al. Nephropathia epidemica in metropolitan area, Germany. Emerg Infect Dis. 2007;13:1271–3.\n13. Walker DH, Wulff H, Lange JV , Murphy FA. Comparative pathol-\nogy of Lassa virus infection in monkeys, guinea-pigs, and Mastomys \nnatalensis . Bull World Health Organ. 1975;52:523–34.\n14. Vieth S, Torda AE, Asper M, Schmitz H, Günther S. Sequence \nanalysis of L RNA of Lassa virus. Virology. 2004;318:153–68. DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2003.09.009\n15. Jenkins GM, Rambaut A, Pybus OG, Holmes EC. Rates of molecu-\nlar evolution in RNA viruses: a quantitative phylogenetic analysis. J Mol Evol. 2002;54:156–65. DOI: 10.1007/s00239-001-0064-3\nAddress for correspondence: Stephan Günther, Bernhard-Nocht-Institute \nfor Tropical Medicine Department of Virology, Bernhard-Nocht-Str 74, 20359 Hamburg, Germany; email: guenther@bni.uni-hamburg.deDISPATCHES\n2012 Emerging Infectious Diseases • www.cdc.gov/eid • Vol. 15, No. 12, December 2009\n Molecular Model of \nPrion Transmission \nto Humans\nMichael Jones, Darren Wight, Rona Barron, \nMartin Jeffrey, Jean Manson, \nChristopher Prowse, James W. Ironside, \nand Mark W. Head\nTo assess interspecies barriers to transmission of \ntransmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSEs), we in-vestigated the ability of disease-associated prion proteins (PrP\nd) to initiate conversion of the human normal cellular \nform of prion protein of the 3 major PRNP polymorphic \nvariants in vitro. Protein misfolding cyclic ampli fi cation \nshowed that conformation of PrPd partly determines host \nsusceptibility. \nThe agents responsible for the transmissible spongiform \nencephalopathies (TSEs) are called prions. Although \ntheir precise biochemical composition is a matter of debate, they are known to occur in a series of strains, each with a characteristic disease phenotype and host range ( 1). A \ncentral event in neuropathogenesis of TSEs is conversion of the normal cellular form of the prion protein (PrP\nC) to \nthe pathognomonic disease-associated isoform (PrPd) (2). \nIn the absence of a known nucleic acid genome, it has been proposed that the strain-like properties of different TSE agents are encoded by distinct self-propagating conforma-tional variants (conformers) of PrP\nd (3). The best developed \nmethod available for typing these PrPd isoforms uses limited \nproteolysis and classi fi cation of the protease-resistant prion \nprotein (PrPres) in terms of the sizes of the nonglycosylated \nfragment(s) produced and the ratio of the 3 possible glyco-forms ( 3). If distinct conformers and glycotypes of PrP\nd are \nresponsible for diversity of prion strains, then they would be expected to be able to impose these molecular charac-teristics onto PrP\nC of the same amino acid sequence (when \ntransmitted or replicating within a species) and onto PrPC \nof a different primary sequence (when transmitted between species). In support of this theory, the agent responsible for the TSE of cattle, called bovine spongiform encephalopa-thy (BSE), the accepted cause of variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (vCJD) in humans ( 4), has been shown to be trans-missible to at least 7 species ( 1), resulting in propagation of \nPrP\nd that retains the characteristic molecular signature of \nthe original BSE prion strain ( 5–7).\nCurrent thinking favors a seeded polymerization mod-\nel for the conversion of PrPC into PrPd, which has led to the \ndevelopment of several cell-free in vitro conversion model systems ( 8). One such system is protein misfolding cyclic \nampli fi cation (PMCA) ( 9), in which small amounts of PrP\nd \nintroduced (seeded) into substrate containing excess PrPC \nand other essential conversion cofactors can be ampli fi ed \nto readily detectable levels by sequential cycles of sonica-tion and incubation. We have previously reported that the molecular characteristics, electrophoretic mobility, and glycoform ratio of the PrP\nres associated with the vCJD PrPd \nconformer were faithfully reproduced by PMCA ( 10). How-\never, the ef fi ciency of ampli fi cation achieved depended on \nthe substrate’s prion protein gene codon 129 ( PRNP -129) \ngenotype. The most ef fi cient ampli fi cation was achieved \nin a methionine homozygous ( PRNP -129MM) substrate; \nthe least ef fi cient, in a valine homozygous ( PRNP -129VV) \nsubstrate. To estimate the molecular component of trans-mission barriers for particular TSE agents between species, we used PMCA reactions to amplify PrP\nd associated with \nvCJD ( 10), bovine BSE ( 11), ovine scrapie ( 12), and exper-\nimental ovine BSE ( 13) and substrates prepared from hu-\nmanized transgenic mouse brain tissue expressing each of the 3 main PRNP polymorphic variants found in Caucasian \nhuman populations ( PRNP -129MM, MV, and VV) ( 14). \nThe Study\nWe prepared seed and substrate homogenates as 10% \n(wt/vol) homogenates in PMCA conversion buffer ( 10). \nSeed homogenates were diluted into substrate homoge-nates so that all PMCA reactions contained equivalent amounts of PrP\nd based on the PrPres levels in each seed ho-\nmogenate. PrPres levels were determined by Western blot \ntitration that used monoclonal antibody (MAb) 6H4 after limited proteinase K digestion. The reaction mixes were split into 2 aliquots; 1 aliquot was stored immediately at –80°C (−PMCA), and the other was subjected to 48 cycles \nof PMCA (+PMCA) ( 10). To assess the degree of PrP\nd am-\nplifi cation achieved from each seed in each substrate, the \nsamples −/+ PMCA were subjected to limited proteinase K \ndigestion, and PrPres was detected by Western blotting with \nMAb 6H4 (which recognizes human, bovine, and ovine PrP) and MAb 3F4 (which selectively recognizes only hu-man PrP and would therefore speci fi cally identify PrP\nres \nformed from human PrPC).\nUsing MAb 6H4 to probe Western blots, we noted \nampli fi cation of vCJD, bovine BSE, and ovine BSE PrPres \nin the PRNP -129MM substrate (Figure 1, panel A, top) \nbut not in the PRNP -129VV substrate (Figure 1, panel A, \nbottom). Semiquantitative assessment of these Western \n Emerging Infectious Diseases • www.cdc.gov/eid • Vol. 15, No. 12, December 2009 2013 Author af fi liations: University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, \nUK (M. Jones, D. Wight, R. Barron, J. Manson, J. W. Ironside, M. W. Head), Veterinary Laboratory Agency, Edinburgh (M. Jeffrey); and Scottish National Blood Transfusion Service, Edinburgh (C. Prowse)\nDOI: 10.3201/eid1512.090194 blots by densitometry showed that the degree of ampli fi -\ncation of vCJD PrPres was considerably greater than that \nof bovine or ovine BSE in the PRNP -129MM substrate \n(Figure 2, panel A). A more sensitive and discriminatory Western blot conducted by using MAb 3F4 con fi rmed ef-\nfi cient ampli fi cation of vCJD, bovine BSE, and ovine BSE \nPrP\nres in the PRNP -129MM substrate (Figure 1, panel B, \ntop), weaker ampli fi cation in the PRNP -129MV substrate \n(Figure 1, panel B, middle), and little, if any, ampli fi ca-\ntion in the PRNP -129VV substrate (Figure 1, panel B, \nbottom). In all substrates, the ampli fi ed PrPres retained the \nelectrophoretic mobility and glycoform ratio associated with BSE-related PrP\nres. No ampli fi cation of ovine scrapie \nPrPres was evident after PMCA in any of the PRNP human-\nized transgenic mouse brain substrates (Figure 1, panels A, B). The difference between ovine scrapie and ovine BSE \nin ability to seed ampli fi cation in PRNP -129MM substrate \nwas a robust phenomenon evident in brain samples from 3 different ARQ/ARQ sheep with each disease (Figure 2, panel B). However, failure of the ovine scrapie seed to am-plify was not caused by a general lack of competence to do so or by inappropriate ampli fi cation conditions because \nrobust ampli fi cation of ovine scrapie PrP\nres was evident af-\nter PMCA in a substrate prepared from normal ARQ/ARQ sheep brain (Figure 2, panel C).\nConclusions\nOur results are best appreciated in terms of the mo-\nlecular interaction between seed PrP\nd and substrate PrPC, \nspecifi cally the species-speci fi c amino acid sequence and DISPATCHES\n2014 Emerging Infectious Diseases • www.cdc.gov/eid • Vol. 15, No. 12, December 2009\nFigure 1. Ampli fi cation of PrPd by PMCA from bovine BSE, ovine scrapie, experimental ovine BSE, and human vCJD brain homogenates \nin substrate homogenates prepared from humanized transgenic mouse brain tissue expressing PrP of each human prion protein gene codon 129 ( PRNP -129) genotype. A) Ampli fi cation of each PrP\nd type, as determined by Western blotting using MAb 6H4 to detect PrPres \nafter limited proteinase K digestion, in a PRNP -129MM substrate (top panel, 3-min exposure), a PRNP -129MV substrate (middle panel, \n3-min exposure), and a PRNP -129VV substrate (bottom panel, 3-min exposure). B) Ampli fi cation of each PrPd type, as determined \nby Western blotting using MAb 3F4 to detect PrPres derived from human PrP after limited proteinase K digestion, in a PRNP -129MM \nsubstrate (top panel, 30-s exposure), a PRNP -129MV substrate (middle panel, 3-min exposure), and a PRNP -129VV substrate (bottom \npanel, 10-min exposure). Limited proteinase K digestion and Western blotting were conducted out as previously described ( 11). MAb 6H4 \n(Prionics, Schlieren-Zurich, Switzerland) and MAb 3F4 (Dako, Ely, Cambridgeshire, UK) were used at a fi nal concentration of 50 ng/mL. \nPrPd, disease-associated prion protein; PMCA, protein misfolding cyclic ampli fi cation; BSE, bovine spongiform encephalopathy; vCJD, \nvariant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease; MAb, monoclonal antibody; PrPres, protease-resistant prion protein; MM, methionine homozygous; MV, \nmethionine/valine heterozygous; VV, valine homozygous. Values are in kilodaltons. Molecular Model of Prion Transmission to Humans\nPRNP polymorphic status of PrPC and PrPd and the PrPd \nconformers involved (Table). Regardless of the seed PrP amino acid sequence, the PrP\nd conformers associated with \nbovine BSE, ovine BSE, and human vCJD were ampli fi ed \nin the humanized mouse substrate and displayed similar PRNP -129 genotype preferences ( PRNP -129MM > PRNP -\n129MV > PRNP -129VV). In contrast, the PrP\nd conformer \nassociated with the ovine scrapie strain, although sharing the same PrP amino acid sequence as the PrP\nd in ovine \nBSE, could not be ampli fi ed in any of the PRNP humanized \nmouse substrates but could be ampli fi ed in a sheep brain \nsubstrate. These observations are consistent with confor-mation of a TSE agent’s PrP\nd (rather than solely its amino \nacid sequence) having a role in determining the susceptibil-ity of a host’s PrP\nC to conversion. They similarly suggest \nthat these molecular factors could in turn have a powerful infl uence on disease susceptibility and incubation time.To date, all clinical cases of vCJD have occurred in \npersons with the PRNP -129MM genotype, as might be pre-\ndicted from the ef fi ciency of ampli fi cation of BSE-related \nPrP\nd shown here. Extrapolating from these results, one \nwould predict that the next genotypic group most likely to show susceptibility to the BSE agent would be heterozy-gous (MV) at codon 129 of the PRNP gene, as previously \nsuggested from the corresponding in vivo transmission studies ( 14). \nIn the wake of BSE epidemics in the United Kingdom \nand elsewhere, enhanced surveillance has identi fi ed appar-\nently new TSEs ( 15), raising concerns regarding animal \nand human health. PMCA with suitable substrate sources could provide a rapid way to estimate the molecular com-ponent of transmission barriers for particular TSE agents between species, including humans. These estimates could thus indicate whether, like classical scrapie, the agents rep-\n Emerging Infectious Diseases • www.cdc.gov/eid • Vol. 15, No. 12, December 2009 2015 Figure 2. A) Semiquantitative densitometric analysis (optical density × area in mm2) of Western blot data (Figure 1, panel A, top panel), \nshowing the ampli fi cation factors (+PMCA/ −PMCA) obtained for all 4 seeds (bovine BSE, ovine scrapie, ovine BSE, and human vCJD in \nthe PRNP -129MM substrate. B) Ampli fi cation of PrPd associated with ovine BSE (left) and ovine scrapie (right) from each of 3 different \nsheep in PRNP -129MM substrate as determined by Western blotting using MAb 3F4 to detect PrPres after limited proteinase K digestion. \nSubstrate was seeded with brain homogenates prepared from sheep with con fi rmed scrapie and BSE such that each PMCA reaction \nmix contained an equivalent amount of PrPd according to detection of PrPres by Western blot titration after limited proteinase K digestion. \nPRNP -129MM substrate seeded with vCJD brain homogenate was included as a positive control in each experiment. C) Ampli fi cation \nof PrPd associated with ovine scrapie and BSE in substrates prepared from PRNP -129 methionine homozygous humanized transgenic \nmouse brain tissue (MM substrate) and NSB substrate. Substrates were prepared as 10% (wt/vol) homogenates in PMCA conversion buffer ( 10). Each substrate was seeded with brain homogenates prepared from sheep with con fi rmed scrapie and BSE so that each PMCA \nreaction mix contained an equivalent amount of PrP\nd as determined by detection of PrPres by Western blot titration after limited proteinase \nK digestion. Reaction mixes were divided into 2 lots: 1 was stored immediately at –80°C ( −PMCA) and the other was subjected to 48 cycles \nof PMCA (+PMCA) by using standard conditions ( 10). After limited proteinase K digestion, PrPres in samples −/+PMCA was detected by \nWestern blotting using MAb 6H4. PMCA, protein misfolding cyclic ampli fi cation; BSE, bovine spongiform encephalopathy; vCJD, variant \nCreutzfeldt-Jakob disease; MM, methionine homozygous; PrPd, disease-associated prion protein; MAb, monoclonal antibody; PrPres, \nprotease-resistant prion protein; NSB, normal ARQ/ARQ sheep brain tissue. Values on the left in panels B and C are in kilodalto ns.\n resent little risk for human health or whether, like classical \nBSE, they represent cause for concern.\nThis work was funded by the European Network of Excel-\nlence NeuroPrion (FOOD-CT-2004-506579), the Scottish Na-tional Blood Transfusion Services, and the Chief Scientist Of-fi ce of the Scottish Government (CZB/4/357). The National CJD \nSurveillance Unit is funded by the Department of Health and the Scottish Government.\nDr Jones is a postdoctoral research fellow at the National \nCJD Surveillance Unit, University of Edinburgh. His primary re-search interests are the application of in vitro PrP\nd ampli fi cation \ntechniques, such as PMCA, to prion disease research in general and incorporation of these techniques into a con fi rmatory screen-\ning assay to detect vCJD-associated PrP\nd in human plasma as a \nsurrogate marker of vCJD infectivity in blood.\nReferences\n 1. Bruce ME. TSE strain variation. Br Med Bull. 2003;66:99–108. \nDOI: 10.1093/bmb/66.1.99\n 2. Prusiner SB. Prions. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1998;95:13363–83. \nDOI: 10.1073/pnas.95.23.13363\n 3. Collinge J, Clark AR. A general model of prion strains and their \npathogenicity. Science. 2007;318:930–6. DOI: 10.1126/science.1138718\n 4. Will RG, Ironside JW, Zeidler M, Cousens SN, Estibeiro K, Alpero-\nvitch A, et al. Lancet. 1996;347:921–5. DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736\n(96)91412-9\n 5. Collinge J, Sidle KC, Meads J, Ironside J, Hill AF. Molecular analy-\nsis of prion strain variation and the aetiology of ‘new variant’ CJD. Nature. 1996;383:685–90. DOI: 10.1038/383685a0 6. Head MW, Bunn TJ, Bishop MT, McLoughlin V , Lowrie S, McKim-\nmie J, et al. Prion protein heterogeneity in sporadic but not vari-ant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease: UK cases 1991–2002. Ann Neurol. 2004;55:851–9. DOI: 10.1002/ana.20127\n 7. Eloit M, Adjou K, Coulpier M, Fontaine JJ, Hamel R, Lilin T, et al. \nBSE agent signatures in a goat. Vet Rec. 2005;156:523–4.\n 8. Supattapone S. Prion protein conversion in vitro. J Mol Med. \n2004;82:348–56. DOI: 10.1007/s00109-004-0534-3\n 9. Saborio GP, Permanne B, Soto C. Sensitive detection of pathological \nprion protein by cyclic ampli fi cation of protein misfolding. Nature. \n2001;411:810–3. DOI: 10.1038/35081095\n10. Jones M, Peden AH, Prowse CV , Groner A, Manson JC, Turner ML, \net al. In vitro ampli fi cation and detection of variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob \ndisease PrPSc. J Pathol. 2007;213:21–6. DOI: 10.1002/path.2204\n11. Yull HM, Ritchie DL, Langeveld JP, van Zijderveld FG, Bruce \nME, Ironside JW, et al. Detection of type 1 prion protein in vari-ant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease. Am J Pathol. 2006;168:151–7. DOI: 10.2353/ajpath.2006.050766\n12 Jeffrey M, Martin S, Thomson JR, Dingwall WS, Begara-McGorum \nI, Gonzalez L. Onset and distribution of tissue prp accumulation in scrapie-affected Suffolk sheep as demonstrated by sequential necropsies and tonsillar biopsies. J Comp Pathol. 2001;125:48–57. \n13. Gonzalez L, Chianini F, Martin S, Siso S, Gibbard L, Reid HW, et al. \nComparative titration of experiment ovine BSE infectivity in sheep and mice. J Gen Virol. 2007;88:714–7. DOI: 10.1099/vir.0.82426-0\n14. Bishop MT, Hart P, Aitchison L, Baybutt HN, Plinston C, Thomson \nV , et al. Predicting susceptibility and incubation time of human-to-human transmission of vCJD. Lancet Neurol. 2006;5:393–8. DOI: 10.1016/S1474-4422(06)70413-6\n15. Manson JC, Cancellotti E, Hart P, Bishop MT, Barron RM. The \ntransmissible spongiform encephalopathies: emerging and declin-ing epidemics. Biochem Soc Trans. 2006;34:1155–8. DOI: 10.1042/BST0341155\nAddress for correspondence: Michael Jones, National CJD Surveillance \nUnit, School of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, Scotland EH4 2XU, UK; email: mjones1@staffmail.ed.ac.ukDISPATCHES\n2016 Emerging Infectious Diseases • www.cdc.gov/eid • Vol. 15, No. 12, December 2009Table. Summary of the properties of the sources used in PMCA of vCJD, bovine BSE, ovine scrapie, and experimental ovine BSE \nPrPres*\nSpecies Bovine† Human‡ Ovine§ Ovine§\nDisease BSE vCJD BSE Scrapie\nTissue Brain Brain Brain Brain\nPRNP amino acid sequence Bovine Human Ovine Ovine\nPRNP polymorphism 140MM 129MM ARQ/ARQ (132MM) ARQ/ARQ (132MM)Seed\nhomogenate\nPrPd “conformer” BSE BSE BSE Scrapie\nSpecies Mouse Mouse Mouse Mouse\nTissue Brain Brain Brain Brain\nPrP amino acid sequence Human Human Human Human\nPRNP -129 polymorphism MM, MV, and VV MM, MV, and VV MM, MV, and VV MM, MV, and VV Substrate\nhomogenate¶ \nBackground genotype 129 Ola prnp\u0010/\u0010129 Ola prnp\u0010/\u0010129 Ola prnp\u0010/\u0010129 Ola prnp\u0010/\u0010\n*PMCA, protein misfolding cyclic amplification; vCJD, variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease; BSE, bovine spongiform encephalopathy; PrPres, protease-\nresistant prion protein; PrPd, disease-associated prion protein; MM, methionine homozygous; MV, methionine/valine heterozygous; VV, valine \nhomozygous. †Bovine brain tissue was sampled from brain tissue taken from a Friesian cow with terminal BSE ( 11). \n‡Human brain tissue (frontal cortex) was sampled from a frozen half brain that had been collected at autopsy with the appropria te consent for tissue \nretention and research use from a patient methionine homozygous at PRNP codon 129, who received a final diagnosis of definite vCJD by established \ncriteria. Ethical approval for its use in this study was covered by LREC 2000/4/157 (J.W.I.). \n§Both the ovine scrapie ( 12) and ovine BSE ( 13) brain tissue (hind brain) were sampled from clinically sick sheep. The distinctive disease phenotypes \nwere confirmed by histopathologic, immunohistochemical, and Western blot characteristics. ¶Frozen half brains from inbred transgenic mouse lines expressing human PrP of the 3 major PRNP codon-129 genotypes (MM, MV, VV) were used to \nprepare substrate homogenates. These mice had identical genetic backgrounds, were produced to express human PrP by direct repla cement of the \nmurine PrP gene, and all expressed equivalent amounts of human PrP regardless of the PRNP -129 genotype ( 14). The transgenic mice were bred under \nlicense to the UK Home Office in accordance with the UK Animals (Scientific Procedures) Act of 1986, and the use of brain tissu e from these mice was \nreviewed and approved by the local Ethics Review Committee. Dobrava-Belgrade \nVirus Spillover \nInfections, \nGermany\nMathias Schlegel,1 Boris Klempa,1 Brita Auste, \nMargrit Bemmann, Jonas Schmidt-Chanasit, \nThomas Büchner, Martin H. Groschup, \nMarkus Meier, Anne Balkema-Buschmann, \nHinrich Zoller, Detlev H. Krüger, \nand Rainer G. Ulrich\nWe present the molecular identi fi cation of Apodemus \nagrarius (striped fi eld mouse) as reservoir host of the Do-\nbrava-Belgrade virus (DOBV) lineage DOBV-Aa in 3 fed-eral states of Germany. Phylogenetic analyses provided evidence for multiple spillover of DOBV-Aa to A. fl avicollis, \na crucial prerequisite for host switch and genetic reassort-ment.\nEuropean hantaviruses are emerging viruses that can \ncause hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) \nof differing severities. Dobrava-Belgrade virus (DOBV) is a hantavirus that appears in 3 distinct lineages hosted by different Apodemus species. The DOBV-Af lineage as-\nsociated with the yellow-necked mouse ( A. fl avicollis ) has \ncaused serious HFRS in southeast Europe with a case-fa-tality rate <12% ( 1,2). Human infections with Caucasian \nwood mouse ( A. ponticus )–associated DOBV-Ap have re-\nsulted in more moderate than severe HFRS in the south-ern part of European Russia ( 3). Mild-to-moderate human \nDOBV disease in central and eastern Europe has been con-nected with infection by DOBV-Aa lineage carried by the striped fi eld mouse ( A. agrarius ) (3–5). Other A. agarius –\nassociated strains, found in Estonia and called Saaremaa virus, have been proposed to form a distinct hantavirus species ( 6). In Germany, human DOBV cases with mild \nto moderate clinical outcomes have been detected by sero-logic investigations ( 4,7) but only 1 short DOBV-Aa small \n(S) segment sequence derived from a patient in northern Germany has been identi fi ed (8). The natural host and the \ngeographic distribution of DOBV in its reservoir host has remained unknown in Germany.\nThe Study\nDuring 2002 through 2008, a total of 366 Apodemus \nmice were trapped at 7 different sites in Germany (Fig-ure 1). Serologic screening of transudates collected from these rodents by using an in-house DOBV immunoglobu-lin (Ig) G-ELISA, with a yeast-expressed nucleocapsid protein of DOBV-Af as antigen, identi fi ed 16 reactive and \n5 equivocal samples of 114 A. agrarius trapped at 7 trap-\nping sites in 3 federal states of Germany (Figure 1; online Technical Appendix, available from www.cdc.gov/EID/content/15/12/2017-Techapp.pdf). Additionally, of 237 A. \nfl avicollis mice, 1 equivocal sample and 4 DOBV-reactive \nsamples were detected at 4 trapping sites (Figure 1; online Technical Appendix). In contrast, of 15 wood mice ( A. \nsylvaticus ) originating from 3 trapping sites, none were \nfound to be DOBV-seroreactive. A subsequent focus-re-duction neutralization test showed a higher endpoint titer with DOBV-Aa than DOBV-Af (online Technical Appen-dix) for 6 of the 8 investigated transudates independently, whether originating from A. agrarius or A. fl avicollis .\nAn initial screening by a large (L) segment–speci fi c \nnested reverse transcription–PCR (RT-PCR) ( 3) of 67 lung \nsamples, representing all seroreactive (n = 20) and equivo-cal (n = 6) as well as 36 selected seronegative and 5 sero-logically not-analyzed animals, showed a 390-nt ampli fi ca-\ntion product for 21 samples representing 16 seroreactive, 4 seronegative, and 1 serologically not-investigated animals (online Technical Appendix). To enable a comparison with the only available DOBV sequence from Germany (H169), an S segment portion of 559 nt was ampli fi ed by RT-PCR \nfrom 11 lung tissues (online Technical Appendix). In the phylogenetic analyses, all sequences from Germany formed 1 well-supported (PUZZLE [www.tree-puzzle.de]) \nand bootstrap support values >90%) monophyletic group consisting of 2 clusters. The fi rst cluster contained S seg-\nment sequences from district Güstrow (trapping sites Pe1 and Pe3), Lüneburg (trapping site WG), Nordvorpommern (trapping site H), and the previously published DOBV sequence from an HFRS patient from northern Germa-ny (H169; [ 8]; Figure 2, panel A). A second cluster was \nformed by S segment sequences originating from districts Ostprignitz-Ruppin (trapping sites Ka, To) and Demmin (trapping site K/A1). Notably, the A. fl avicollis –derived se-\nquences from sites Pe1, H, Ka, and K/A1 clustered together or were identical with A. agrarius –derived sequences from \nthe same or neighboring trapping sites, suggesting multiple \n Emerging Infectious Diseases • www.cdc.gov/eid • Vol. 15, No. 12, December 2009 2017 Author af fi liations: Friedrich-Loef fl er-Institut–Institute for Novel and \nEmerging Infectious Diseases, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany (M. Schlegel, T. Büchner, M.H. Groschup, A. Balkema-Buschmann, R.G. Ulrich); Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany (B. Klempa, B. Auste, D.H. Krüger); Slovak Academy of Science, Bratislava, Slovakia (B. Klempa); Landesforstanstalt Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Schwerin, Germany (M. Bemmann); Bernhard-Nocht-Institute for Tropical Medicine, Hamburg, Germany (J. Schmidt-Chanasit); University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany (M. Meier); and University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany (H. Zoller)\nDOI: 10.3201/eid1512.090923\n1These authors contributed equally to this article. spillover infections (Figure 2, panel A; online Technical \nAppendix).\nThe sequences from Germany share a common ances-\ntor with the DOBV-Aa sequences originating from Slova-kia and Russia. Together, they form a monophyletic group (DOBV-Aa lineage) that is clearly separated from A. fl av-\nicollis –borne (DOBV-Af) and A. ponticus –borne (DOBV-\nAp) sequences and from A. agrarius –borne Saaremaa virus \nsequences. Subsequent analysis of nucleotide sequences of the entire nucleocapsid (N) protein– and glycoprotein pre-cursor (GPC)–encoding regions con fi rmed these fi ndings \n(Figure 2, panel B; online Technical Appendix). A pairwise comparison between nucleotide and amino acid sequences of the complete N and GPC open reading frames from the novel German DOBV strains showed divergences of 1.5%–8.8% (0.3%–1.4%) and 2.1%–8.3% (0.8%–1.8%), respec-tively (online Technical Appendix Table 2). The highest identity values on the nucleotide and amino acid sequence level (91.2%–91.7% and 99%–99.7%) were found for an S segment sequence from Denmark (Lolland/1403; GenBank accession no. AJ616854; online Technical Appendix). The nucleotide and amino acid sequence divergence to other DOBV sequences was much higher, reaching 10.1%–14.3% (1%–3.3%) and 12.6%–20.7% (2.9%–9.4%), respectively.\nMorphologic species determination for all DOBV-\nseroreactive and RT-PCR–positive rodents was con fi rmed \nby a mitochondrial cytochrome b gene-speci fi c PCR ( 9,10), \nsequence determination, and comparison with available GenBank sequences from A. agrarius and A. fl avicollis \n(online Technical Appendix).\nConclusions\nBased on a large panel of the entire N- and GPC-en-\ncoding DOBV sequences, we report direct molecular evi-dence that DOBV in Germany is represented by a genetic lineage associated with A. agrarius (DOBV-Aa). In con-\ntrast, we found no evidence for the occurrence of DOBV-Af in A. fl avicollis or other Apodemus species from Germany. \nConsistent with the geographic distribution of A. agrarius \n(11) and the report of human DOBV disease exclusively \nin northern and northeastern Germany, this fi nding may \nconfi rm DOBV-Aa as the sole causative agent of DOBV \ninfections in Germany ( 4; Robert Koch-Institut, SurvStat, \nwww.rki.de).\nPreviously A. agrarius –associated Saaremaa virus \nwas experimentally shown to be able to infect A. agrari-\nus and A. fl avicollis mice ( 12). We report multiple natu-\nral spillover infections of A. fl avicollis by a DOBV strain \noriginally hosted by A. agrarius . The observed spillover \ninfections represent a crucial prerequisite for genetic reas-sortment. This observation is in contrast to other reports from Slovenia and Slovakia where, although A. agrarius \nand A. fl avicollis are occurring sympatrically, A. fl avicollis\n DISPATCHES\n2018 Emerging Infectious Diseases • www.cdc.gov/eid • Vol. 15, No. 12, December 2009\nFigure 1. Seroprevalence of Dobrava-Belgrade virus (DOBV) in \nApodemus agrarius mice within 3 federal states of Germany, central \nEurope. A) Location of the study area (box). B) Locations of the study sites. WG, Lüneburg district, Lower Saxony (LS); Pe1 and Pe3, Güstrow district; H, Nordvorpommern district, K/A1, Demmin district, all Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania (MWP); To and Ka, Ostprignitz-Ruppin district, Brandenburg (BB). For each trapping site, the rate of seroreactive A. agrarius mice is given as a circle \n(seroreactive and equivocal samples in black, negative samples in white) and with the numbers of seroreactive and equivocal samples/negative samples. At sites Pe1, H, K/A1, and Ka, 1 seroreactive A. fl avicollis mouse was detected in each location (marked with \nstars). At site Pe1, 1 equivocal sample was found by the DOBV immunoglobulin (Ig) G ELISA. In addition to Apodemus mice, \n138 rodents of other species, including 116 bank voles ( Myodes \nglareolus ), were trapped during the same period at sites Pe1, \nPe3, K/A1, Ka, and To, but none of the 136 rodents with available transudates reacted in the DOBV IgG ELISA. Transudates with an optical density (OD) value below the lower cutoff (average of the OD values determined for 2 parallel tests of a negative Apodemus \nspp. serum control; average 0.041) were regarded as negative. Samples with an OD value above the upper cutoff (2-fold of the lower cutoff; average 0.082) were regarded as positive. Samples showing OD values between the lower and upper cutoffs were regarded as equivocal. Dobrava-Belgrade Virus, Germany\nis exclusively carrying the DOBV-Af and A. agrarius the \nDOBV-Aa lineage ( 4,13). In contrast to our observations, \nsingle DOBV-Af spillover infections of A. sylvaticus and \nMus musculus have been reported previously ( 14).\nThe phylogenetic analyses demonstrated 2 well-sepa-\nrated clusters within the DOBV-Aa lineage. These rodent-derived DOBV sequences in Germany represent a major contribution to the DOBV genomics and phylogenetics. Future investigations should help to identify speci fi c fea-\ntures of these DOBV-Aa strains resulting in its frequent spillover to A. fl avicollis and to prove a putative adapta-\ntion of DOBV-Aa on A. fl avicollis after spillover, as well \nas possible reassortment processes.Acknowledgments\nWe kindly acknowledge the support of the various partners \nin the network “Rodent-borne pathogens,” additional collabora-tors from different parts of Germany, and Dörte Kaufmann, Dan-iel Balkema, and Heike Lerch.\nThis work was supported by the Bundesministerium für \nErnährung, Landwirtschaft und Verbraucherschutz, grant number 07HS027 (to R.G.U.); by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, grant no. KR 1293/9-1 (to D.H.K.); by the Slovak Scienti fi c Grant \nAgency VEGA, grant number 2/0189/09 (to B.K.), by the Förder-verein of the Friedrich-Loef fl er-Institut (to M.S.), and by the Paul \nund Ursula Klein-Stiftung (to J.S.C.).\n Emerging Infectious Diseases • www.cdc.gov/eid • Vol. 15, No. 12, December 2009 2019 \nFigure 2. Maximum-likelihood (ML) phylogenetic trees of Dobrava-Belgrade virus (DOBV) based on partial small (S) segment nucleo tide \nsequences of 559 nt (position 377–935) (A) and complete nucleocapsid protein coding nucleotide sequences (S segment open readin g \nframe) (B). The ML trees (Tamura-Nei evolutionary model) were calculated using TREE-PUZZLE package (www.tree-puzzle.de). Scale bars indicate an evolutionary distance of 0.1 substitutions per position in the sequence. Values above the branches represent P UZZLE \nsupport values. Values below the branches are bootstrap values of the corresponding neighbor-joining tree (Tamura-Nei evolution ary \nmodel) calculated with the PAUP* software (paup.csit.fsu.edu) from 10,000 bootstrap pseudoreplicates. Only values >70% (conside red \nsigni fi cant) are shown. Different DOBV lineages are indicated by gray boxes. SANGV, Sangassou virus; HTNV, Hantaan virus; SEOV, \nSeoul virus; Saa, Saaremaa virus; Aa, Apodemus agrarius ; Ap, A. ponticus ; Af, A. fl avicollis . WG, district Lüneburg, Lower Saxony (LS); \nPe1 and Pe3, district Güstrow; H, district Nordvorpommern, K/A1, district Demmin, all Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania (MWP); To and Ka, district Ostprignitz-Ruppin, Brandenburg (BB). Before tree construction, automated screening for recombination between the S \nsegment sequences was performed using program RDP3 ( 15), which used 6 recombination detection programs: Bootscan, Chimeric, \nGENECONV, MaxChi, RDP, and SiScan with their default parameters. No putative recombinant regions could be conclusively detected by \n>3 programs and subsequently veri fi ed by phylogenetic trees. Mr Schlegel is a doctoral student at the Friedrich-Loef fl er-\nInstitut. His research interests are the ecology, molecular evolu-tion, and pathogenesis of rodent-borne viruses.\nReferences\n 1. Avsic-Zupanc T, Petrovec M, Furlan P, Kaps R, Elgh F, Lundkvist \nA. Hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome in the Dolenjska region of Slovenia–a 10-year survey. Clin Infect Dis. 1999;28:860–5. DOI: 10.1086/515185\n 2. Krüger DH, Ulrich R, Lundkvist Å. Hantavirus infections and their \nprevention. Microbes Infect. 2001;3:1129–44. DOI: 10.1016/S1286-4579(01)01474-5\n 3. Klempa B, Tkachenko EA, Dzagurova TK, Yunicheva YV , Morozov \nVG, Okulova NM, et al. Hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome caused by 2 lineages of Dobrava hantavirus, Russia. Emerg Infect Dis. 2008;14:617–25. DOI: 10.3201/eid1404.071310\n 4. Sibold C, Ulrich R, Labuda M, Lundkvist Å, Martens H, Schütt M, \net al. Dobrava hantavirus causes hemorrhagic fever with renal syn-drome in central Europe and is carried by two different Apodemus \nmice species. J Med Virol. 2001;63:158–67. DOI: 10.1002/1096-9071(20000201)63:2<158::AID-JMV1011>3.0.CO;2-#\n 5. Klempa B, Stanko M, Labuda M, Ulrich R, Meisel H, Krüger DH. \nCentral European Dobrava hantavirus isolate from striped fi eld \nmouse, Apodemus agrarius. J Clin Microbiol. 2005;43:2756–63. \nDOI: 10.1128/JCM.43.6.2756-2763.2005\n 6. Sjölander KB, Golovljova I, Vasilenko V , Plyusnin A, Lundkvist \nA. Serological divergence of Dobrava and Saaremaa hantaviruses: evidence for two distinct serotypes. Epidemiol Infect. 2002;128:99–103.\n 7. Meisel H, Lundkvist Å, Gantzer K, Bär W, Sibold C, Krüger \nDH. First case of infection with hantavirus Dobrava in Germany. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis. 1998;17:884–5. DOI: 10.1007/s100960050214\n 8. Klempa B, Schütt M, Auste B, Ulrich R, Meisel H, Krüger DH. \nFirst molecular identi fi cation of human Dobrava virus infection in \nCentral Europe. J Clin Microbiol. 2004;42:1322–5. DOI: 10.1128/JCM.42.3.1322-1325.2004 9. Essbauer S, Schmidt J, Conraths FJ, Friedrich R, Koch J, Hautmann \nW, et al. A new Puumala hantavirus subtype in rodents associated with an outbreak of nephropathia epidemica in South-East Ger-many in 2004. Epidemiol Infect. 2006;134:1333–44. DOI: 10.1017/S0950268806006170\n10. Kocher TD, Thomas WK, Meyer A, Edwards SV , Pääbo S, Villablan \nCA, et al. Dynamics of mitochondrial DNA evolution in animals: Am-plifi cation and sequencing with conserved primers. Proc Natl Acad \nSci U S A. 1989;86:6196–200. DOI: 10.1073/pnas.86.16.6196\n11. Mitchell-Jones AJ, Amori G, Bogdanowicz W, Krystufek B, \nReijnders PJH, Spitzenberger F, et al. The atlas of European mam-mals. London: Academic Press; 1999.\n12. Klingström J, Heyman P, Escutenaire S, Sjölander KB, De Jaegere \nF, Henttonen H, et al. Rodent host speci fi city of European hantavi-\nruses: evidence of Puumala virus interspeci fi c spillover. J Med Virol. \n2002;68:581–8. DOI: 10.1002/jmv.10232\n13. Avsic-Zupanc T, Nemirov K, Petrovec M, Trilar T, Poljak M, Vaheri \nA, et al. Genetic analysis of wild-type Dobrava hantavirus in Slo-venia: co-existence of two distinct genetic lineages within the same natural focus. J Gen Virol. 2000;81:1747–55.\n14. Weidmann M, Schmidt P, Vackova M, Krivanec K, Munclinger \nP, Hufert FT. Identi fi cation of genetic evidence for Dobrava virus \nspillover in rodents by nested reverse transcription (RT)-PCR and TaqMan RT-PCR. J Clin Microbiol. 2005;43:808–12. DOI: 10.1128/JCM.43.2.808-812.2005\n15. Martin DP, Williamson C, Posada D. RDP2: recombination de-\ntection and analysis from sequence alignments. Bioinformatics. 2005;21:260–2. DOI: 10.1093/bioinformatics/bth490\nAddress for correspondence: Rainer G. Ulrich, Friedrich-Loef fl er-Institut, \nFederal Research Institute for Animal Health, Of fi ce International des \nEpizooties, Collaborating Centre for Zoonoses in Europe, Institute for Novel and Emerging Infectious Diseases, Südufer 10, D-17493 Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany; email: rainer.ulrich@ fl i.bund.deDISPATCHES\n2020 Emerging Infectious Diseases • www.cdc.gov/eid • Vol. 15, No. 12, December 2009All material published in Emerging Infectious Diseases is in the \npublic domain and may be used and reprinted without special permission; proper citation, however, is required.\n Wild Felids as \nHosts for Human \nPlague, Western \nUnited States\nSarah N. Bevins, Jeff A. Tracey, Sam P. Franklin, \nVirginia L. Schmit, Martha L. MacMillan, \nKenneth L. Gage, Martin E. Schriefer, \nKenneth A. Logan, Linda L. Sweanor, \nMat W. Alldredge, Caroline Krumm, \nWalter M. Boyce, Winston Vickers, \nSeth P.D. Riley, Lisa M. Lyren, Erin E. Boydston, \nRobert N. Fisher, Melody E. Roelke, Mo Salman, \nKevin R. Crooks, and Sue VandeWoude\nPlague seroprevalence was estimated in populations \nof pumas and bobcats in the western United States. High levels of exposure in plague-endemic regions indicate the need to consider the ecology and pathobiology of plague in nondomestic felid hosts to better understand the role of these species in disease persistence and transmission.\nZoonotic pathogens account for ≈60% of emerging dis-\neases ( 1,2). Yersinia pestis , a vector-borne bacterium \nand the causative agent of plague in mammals, is 1 such emergent pathogen ( 3). Plague is maintained among rodent \nhosts and their fl eas; however, spillover into accidental \nhosts can result in severe illness and death, as well as geo-graphic spread of the disease ( 4).\nDomestic cats are a major source of human plague in-\nfections in the United States ( 5), putting veterinary work-\ners and pet owners at risk for Y. pestis infections. During \n1924–2006, a total of 13 human cases of primary pneu-monic plague were documented in the United States, and >5 were associated with felids (D. Wong, pers. comm.). Twelve cases of plague transmission from nondomestic carnivores to humans have been documented ( 5–7), includ-ing a fatal case of human pneumonic plague in 2007 that \nresulted from direct contact with an infected puma ( Puma \nconcolor ) (8). Despite the known association of felids with \nhuman plague, the prevalence of Y. pestis infection in non-\ndomestic cats remains relatively unknown.\nPumas and bobcats ( Lynx rufus ) are 2 of the most \nwidespread felids in North American, with pumas having the greatest range of any wild terrestrial mammal in the Western Hemisphere ( 9). Both species inhabit large ter-\nritories and travel great distances during dispersal ( 9,10). \nThese highly mobile animals may periodically reintroduce Y. pestis –positive fl eas to distant regions, especially during \nepizootics ( 11). Consequently, carnivore-aided fl ea disper-\nsal could play an important role in the spread and persis-tence of plague during interepizootic periods.\nWe examined plague exposure in populations of bob-\ncats and pumas in California and Colorado. This gave us an opportunity to evaluate Y. pestis seroprevalence in multiple \ndiffi cult-to-sample, plague-susceptible felid species across \na wide geographic area.\nThe Study\nWe collected samples from 119 pumas and 212 bob-\ncats (Table 1) in 3 locations in southern California and 2 locations in western and north-central Colorado (Fig-ure) from autumn 2002 through summer 2008. Seventy-seven of these bobcat samples consisted of thoracic fl uid \ncollected postmortem from hunter-killed animals. Eight puma samples collected in the 1980s served as historical reference for puma samples from the Colorado Western Slope (i.e., area west of the Continental Divide). Animals were captured, sampled, and released with permission of cooperating agencies after approval by animal care and use committees. Samples were processed according to protocol ( 12).\nThoracic fl uid samples were immunoblotted onto ni-\ntrocellulose membranes (immuno-blot polyvinylidene fl uoride membranes; Bio-Rad, Hercules, CA, USA) and \nprobed with goat-anti-cat-phosphatase labeled antibody to verify the presence of immunoglobulin. Reacted mem-branes were rinsed 3 times with phosphate-buffered saline, once in Milli-Q (Millipore, Billerica, MA, USA) and were then exposed to a 5-bromo-4-chloro-3-indolyl-phosphate/nitroblue tetrazolium (alkaline-phosphatase chromogen) substrate (Kirkegaard and Perry Laboratories, Gaithers-burg, MD, USA). Samples were classi fi ed by comparing \nstaining intensity to positive (bobcat/domestic cat serum) and negative controls (water and goat serum).\nSerum and thoracic fl uid samples were analyzed for Y. \npestis antibody using a hemagglutination assay according \nto a standard protocol ( 13). Positive samples were evalu-\nated according to Chu ( 13). If a limited amount of sample \nwas available, serum was diluted 1:4 and considered posi-\n Emerging Infectious Diseases • www.cdc.gov/eid • Vol. 15, No. 12, December 2009 2021 Author af fi liations: Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colora-\ndo, USA (S.N. Bevins, J.A. Tracey, S.P. Franklin, V.L. Schmit, M.L. MacMillan, L.L. Sweanor, C. Krumm, M. Salman, K.R. Crooks, S. VandeWoude); Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Fort Collins (K.L. Gage, M.E. Schriefer); Colorado Division of Wildlife, Montrose, Colorado, USA (K.A. Logan, M.W. Alldredge); Univer-sity of California, Davis, California, USA (W.M. Boyce, W. Vickers); National Park Service, Thousand Oaks, California, USA (S.P.D. Ri-ley); United States Geological Survey, Irvine, California, USA (L.M. Lyren, E.E. Boydston, R. Fisher); and National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA (M.E. Roelke) \nDOI: 10.3201/eid1512.090526 tive if titers were >32. Larger serum samples were not di-\nluted, and a reading >16 was considered positive ( 13).\nData were analyzed by using a logistic link function \nand binary error, with antibody presence (positive vs. nega-tive) as the outcome variable (SAS version 9.1; SAS, Cary, NC, USA). Estimates used maximum likelihood. Degrees of freedom were calculated by using a Kenward-Roger ad-justment. Categorical factors included location, species, age, sex, and capture season. Animals captured in the fall (September–November) and in Ventura County were not plague positive and were omitted. All factors were treated as fi xed variables, including location, because of previously \nreported differences in regional seroprevalence rates.\nA total of 76 of 77 thoracic fl uid samples had immu-\nnoglobulin present, as assessed by visual comparison of immunoblot staining, and were included in Y. pestis anti-\nbody analysis. Interactions were not signi fi cant and were \nomitted. Mean Y. pestis seroprevalence for pumas and \nbobcats across all locations was 17.7% (95% con fi dence \ninterval [CI] 13.6%–21.8%). However, considerable vari-ability existed across locations (Front Range, Colorado, mean = 21.1 [95% CI 8.23–44.75]; Orange County, Cal-ifornia, mean = 1.23 [95% CI 0.13–10.01]; San Diego/Riverside counties, California, mean = 6.58 [95% CI 1.52–24.33]; Ventura County, California, mean = 0 [NA]; Western Slope, Colorado, mean = 46.03 [95% CI 24.37–69.29]). Species and sex were not signi fi cant predictors of \nplague exposure; however, animal age, geographic loca-tion, and capture season were signi fi cant (Table 2). Adult \nanimals (>2 years of age) and animals from the Colorado Western Slope were more likely to be seropositive (Table 1). Sixty-three percent (5/8) of historical puma samples from the Western Slope had detectable plague antibodies, similar to the seroprevalence rate of contemporary puma samples from this region (46.03%). Season also played a DISPATCHES\n2022 Emerging Infectious Diseases • www.cdc.gov/eid • Vol. 15, No. 12, December 2009Table 1. Sample sizes for categorical variables, by location, in serosurvey for Yersinia pestis in wild felids, western United States, \n2002–2008*\nCategoryFront\nRange, COOrange \nCounty, CASan Diego/Riverside \ncounties, CAVentura\nCounty, CAWestern\nSlope, COMean seroprevalence \n(95% confidence interval)\nSpecies\n Bobcat 0 73 0 61 78 13.77 (4.90–33.07)\n Puma 33 5 38 4 36 8.17 (2.97–20.56)\nAge\n Young (< 2 y) 5 23 5 29 45 6.70 (2.31–17.87)\n Adult (> 2 y) 27 49 27 31 68 16.52 (7.03–34.09)\nSex\n F 20 37 20 32 43 14.01 (5.65–30.70)\n M 13 40 18 29 70 8.02 (3.01–19.69)\nSeason\n Fall 3 18 6 15 21 0\n Spring 13 7 18 1 2 23.67 (11.27–43.09)\n Summer 6 6 2 3 90 7.49 (0.79–45.06) Winter 10 47 12 42 112 6.31 (2.74–13.88)\n*All samples were serum samples, except for Western Slope bobcats, which were thoracic fluid samples. \nFigure. A) Study locations in California. B) Study locations in \nColorado. Inset shows relative locations within the United States. Wild Felids as Hosts for Human Plague\nrole, and spring-captured animals were more likely to be \nseropositive (Tables 1 and 2).\nColorado sample sites showed 51 (38%) positive of \n135 animals tested. Seroprevalence rates in the Colorado sample areas were 21% (Front Range) and 46% (Western Slope) respectively, a higher proportion than expected giv-en the severe disease seen in plague infections in some do-mestic cats ( 3). California sample sites had limited plague \nseroreactivity, with only 4 (2.2%) of 181 animals positive for plague exposure.\nThe Colorado Western Slope is near the Four Corners \nregion (i.e., contiguous boundaries of southwestern Colo-rado, northwestern New Mexico, northeastern Arizona, and southeastern Utah). During 1957–2004, a total of 419 hu-man plague cases were documented in the United States, of which 83% were from this region ( 14). The complex dy-\nnamics governing high plague incidence in this region are not fully understood despite extensive research but most likely involve climate, mammalian reservoirs, vector spe-cies, and habitat ecotypes ( 4,7,14).\nConclusions\nPlague dynamics often are characterized by epizootics, \nresulting in interannual variation in infection rates among plague hosts; however, seroprevalence of 8 puma samples collected in the 1980s mirrored contemporary samples col-lected since 2002 and may indicate high levels of sustained plague activity in the area in this species. Seroprevalence rates were similar across multiple sample years. Vector-borne disease often is highly seasonal because of annual shifts in vector activities and abundance ( 4); however, sea-\nsonal patterns based on serologic data must be interpreted with caution because of long-term antibody persistence in some recaptured animals (S.N. Bevins, unpub. data).\nPuma and bobcat data from this study suggest expo-\nsure followed by recovery. All animals were outwardly healthy. Deaths caused by plague have been documented in wild felids ( 8,9,15), and the potential for plague expo-\nsure remains a concern for fi eld biologists, veterinarians, \nhunters, and skinners. Field biosafety guidelines have been developed in conjunction with Colorado State University’s Biosafety Of fi ce as a result of these fi ndings. Recommen-\ndations include wearing disposable gloves, long pants, and long-sleeved shirts when handling anesthetized animals \nand using an N95-rated mask when conducting necropsies or handling deceased animals. Outside of human infections, plague could constitute a problem for felid conservation in areas of high plague activity ( 1,15).\nResults suggest large numbers of Y. pestis –exposed \npumas and bobcats. Regular serosurveys that document seroreactivity increases above an original baseline could indicate epizootic activity in felids and other plague hosts. High regional seroprevalence indicate these animals may be involved in the persistence and transmission of Y. pes-\ntis. This and the documented transmission of plague from \nnondomestic carnivores to humans ( 6–8) emphasize the \nneed to better understand the role of wild felids in plague dynamics.\nAcknowledgments\nWe thank Dean Biggins and anonymous reviewers for valu-\nable insight and constructive critique on the manuscript. We also thank Eric York, Jim Bauer, Mike Puzzo, Susan Winston, Carole Bell, Mark Ehlbroch, Scott Weldy, and Kristi Fisher for assisting with the project. In addition, we thank the Colorado Division of Wildlife, the United States Geological Survey, and the National Park Service for fostering a cooperative research atmosphere. Kristin Van Wyk provided laboratory expertise. Don Hunter, Robert Alonso, Justin Lee, Jennifer Troyer, and Veronica Yo-vovich assisted with sample collection.\nThis study was supported by the National Science Founda-\ntion Ecology of Infectious Disease research program (NSF EF-0723676).\nDr Bevins is a postdoctoral researcher, with an emphasis in \ndisease ecology, at Colorado State University.\nReferences\n 1. Jones KE, Patel NG, Levy MA, Storeygard A, Balk D, Gittleman \nJL, et al. Global trends in emerging infectious diseases. Nature. 2008;451:990–3. DOI: 10.1038/nature06536\n 2. Woolhouse MEJ, Gowtage-Sequeria S. Host range and emerging \nand reemerging pathogens. Emerg Infect Dis. 2005;11:1842–7.\n 3. Perry RD, Fetherston JD. Yersinia pestis —etiologic agent of plague. \nClin Microbiol Rev. 1997;10:35–66.\n 4. Gage KL, Kosoy MY . Natural history of plague: perspectives from \nmore than a century of research. Annu Rev Entomol. 2005;50:505–\n28. DOI: 10.1146/annurev.ento.50.071803.130337\n 5. Gage KL, Dennis DT, Orloski KA, Ettestad P, Brown TL, Reyn-\nolds PJ, et al. Cases of cat-associated human plague in the west-ern US, 1977–1998. Clin Infect Dis. 2000;30:893–900. DOI: \n10.1086/313804\n 6. Poland JD, Barnes AM, Herman JJ. Human bubonic plague from \nexposure to a naturally infected wild carnivore. Am J Epidemiol. 1973;97:332–7.\n 7. Gage KL, Thomas RE, Montenierti JA. The role of predators in \nthe ecology, epidemiology and surveillance of plague in the United \nStates. Proc 16th Pest Conf Univ California, Davis; 1994; 1994. p. 200–6.\n Emerging Infectious Diseases • www.cdc.gov/eid • Vol. 15, No. 12, December 2009 2023 Table 2. Potential fixed-effect predictors of plague exposure in \npumas and bobcats, western United States, 2002–2008* \nFixed effect Num df Den df F value p value\nAge 1 287 5.13 0.024\nLocation 4 287 8.36 <0.0001\nSeason 3 287 4.1 0.0179\nSex 1 287 2.47 0.117\nSpecies 1 287 1.02 0.314\n*Num df, numerator degrees of freedom; den df, denominator degrees of \nfreedom. Boldface indicates significance (p< 0.05). 8. Eisen RJ, Petersen JM, Higgins CL, Wong D, Levy CE, Mead PS, \net al. Persistence of Yersinia pestis in soil under natural conditions. \nEmerg Infect Dis. 2008;14:941–3. DOI: 10.3201/eid1406.080029\n 9. Logan KA, Sweanor LL. Desert puma: evolutionary ecology and \nconservation of an enduring carnivore. Washington: Island Press; 2001.\n10. Larivière S, Walton LR. Lynx rufus . Mamm Species. 1997;563:1–8. \nDOI: 10.2307/3504533\n11. Salkeld DJ, Stapp P. Seroprevalence rates and transmission of plague \n(Yersinia pestis ) in mammalian carnivores. Vector Borne Zoonotic \nDis. 2006;6:231–9. DOI: 10.1089/vbz.2006.6.231\n12. Franklin SP, Troyer JL, Terwee JA, Lyren LM, Boyce WM, Riley \nSPD, et al. Frequent transmission of immunode fi ciency viruses \namong bobcats and pumas. J Virol. 2007;81:10961–9. DOI: 10.1128/JVI.00997-0713. Chu MC. Laboratory manual of plague diagnostic tests. Atlanta: \nCenters for Disease Control and Prevention; 2000.\n14. Eisen RJ, Enscore RE, Biggerstaff BJ, Reynolds PJ, Ettestad P, \nBrown T, et al. Human plague in the southwestern United States, 1957–2004: spatial models of elevated risk of human exposure to Yersinia pestis . J Med Entomol. 2007;44:530–7. DOI: 10.1603/0022-\n2585(2007)44[530:HPITSU]2.0.CO;2\n15. Wild MA, Shenk TM, Spraker TR. Plague as a mortality factor in \nCanada lynx ( Lynx canadensis ) reintroduced to Colorado. J Wildl \nDis. 2006;42:646–50.\nAddress for correspondence: Sarah N. Bevins, Microbiology, Immunology, \nand Pathology Department, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1619, USA; email: bevins@lamar.colostate.eduDISPATCHES\n2024 Emerging Infectious Diseases • www.cdc.gov/eid • Vol. 15, No. 12, December 2009\n Transplacental \nTransmission of \nBluetongue Virus 8 \nin Cattle, UK\nKarin E. Darpel, Carrie A. Batten, Eva Veronesi, \nSusanna Williamson, Peter Anderson, \nMike Dennison, Stuart Clifford, Ciaran Smith, \nLucy Philips, Cornelia Bidewell, \nKatarzyna Bachanek-Bankowska, Anna Sanders, \nAbid Bin-Tarif, Anthony J. Wilson, \nSimon Gubbins, Peter P.C. Mertens, \nChris A. Oura, and Philip S. Mellor\nTo determine whether transplacental transmission \ncould explain overwintering of bluetongue virus in the United Kingdom, we studied calves born to dams naturally infected during pregnancy in 2007–08. Approximately 33% were in-fected transplacentally; some had compromised health. In all infected calves, viral load decreased after birth; no evi-dence of persistent infection was found.\nBluetongue virus (BTV) is generally transmitted be-\ntween ruminant hosts by Culicoides biting midges, \nand infection may result in the disease called bluetongue. In 2006, a strain of BTV-8 caused the fi rst outbreak of \nbluetongue in northern Europe ( 1). Although adult Culi-\ncoides midges are absent from this region during winter \nfor long enough to interrupt normal transmission, BTV-8 survived the winters of 2006–07 and 2007–08.\nSeveral mechanisms have been suggested to explain \nthe overwintering of BTV, one of which is transplacen-tal transmission ( 2). Tissue-attenuated strains of BTV are \nsometimes capable of crossing the placenta and infecting fetuses in utero ( 3), and transplacental infection has been \nreported from the fi eld after use of live attenuated vaccines \n(4). However, many wild-type strains of BTV failed to \ncross the placental barrier when cows were infected dur-ing pregnancy ( 5). Additionally, although a few studies \nhave reported experimental transplacental infection with wild-type strains, these studies did not recover infectious \nvirus from live offspring (although many fi eld strains do \nnot grow in tissue culture) and suggested that fetal infec-tion often resulted in deformation, stillbirth, or abortion (6,7). Collectively, this information led to the assumption \nthat only viruses passaged in tissue culture had the potential to overwinter by transplacental transmission ( 8). However, \nin 2008, nonlethal transplacental transmission of BTV-8 was detected in Northern Ireland ( 9). To examine the oc-\ncurrence, rate, and consequences of transplacental BTV-8 transmission in the United Kingdom, we studied calves born to dams naturally infected with BTV-8 during preg-nancy.\nThe Study\nAfter obtaining owners’ permission, we sampled \ncalves born to previously infected dams during the vec-tor-free period of December 20, 2007 to March 15, 2008. Farmers were also asked to report any births, abortions, or stillbirths from BTV-infected dams outside the vector-free period. Blood samples from live calves were taken as soon as possible after birth (usually within 4 days) and tested by using a real-time reverse transcription–PCR (rRT-PCR) (10) and the Pourquier c-ELISA kit (IDEXX, Chalfont St. \nPeter, UK). When possible, information about the health of the calf was obtained, dams were sampled alongside their calves, and placenta samples were collected. Calves with positive BTV RNA results were resampled at 2–3 week intervals. In total, 61 calves were tested and 21 (in-cluding 1 set of twins) had detectable levels of BTV RNA in their blood or organs (online Appendix Table, avail-able from www.cdc.gov/EID/content/15/12/2025-appT.htm). The transplacental transmission rate was 33% (95% confi dence interval 22%–47%).\nAll calves except calf 21 and calf X, each of which had \nnot consumed colostrum before sampling, had antibodies against BTV. Calf 21 was also negative for BTV RNA, but calf X showed the highest viral load in the blood (online Appendix Table). Virus isolation in KC cells ( 11) was at-\ntempted for all calf blood samples with a cycle threshold (Ct) <29, but virus was isolated from calf X only. Viral RNA load in all calves tested declined over time, and al-most all calves were rRT-PCR negative by the end of the study (Table).\nWhen the calves were fi rst sampled, 52 dams were also \ntested. The RNA load in the calves always exceeded that of their dams, and 7 of the 20 dams giving birth to BTV-positive calves had no detectable viremia.\nOf the 21 BTV RNA–positive calves, 5 had compro-\nmised health. Calves Y, X, and 33 were born weak and died within hours, days, and weeks after birth, respectively, and calves 13 and 29 exhibited dummy calf syndrome ( 12). All \ncalves except calf 33 were examined postmortem and had \n Emerging Infectious Diseases • www.cdc.gov/eid • Vol. 15, No. 12, December 2009 2025 Author af fi liations: Institute for Animal Health, Pirbright, UK (K.E. \nDarpel, C.A. Batten, E. Veronesi, K. Bachanek-Bankowska, A. Sanders, A. Bin-Tarif, A.J. Wilson, S. Gubbins, P.P.C. Mertens, C.A. Oura, P.S. Mellor); Veterinary Laboratories Agency, Bury St. Ed-munds, UK (S. Williamson, C. Bidewell); Animal Health Divisional Offi ce, Bury St. Edmunds (P. Anderson, S. Clifford, C. Smith, L. \nPhilips); and Animal Health Divisional Of fi ce, Chelmsford, UK (M. \nDennison)\nDOI: 10.3201/eid1512.090788 negative PCRs for bovine viral diarrhea virus (S.W., pers. \ncomm.). Although calf X died of colisepticemia, this illness probably resulted from the calf’s weakness and inability to consume colostrum. No infectious cause for the early post-natal death of calf Y, other than bluetongue, was identi fi ed; \npathologic fi ndings for calves 13 and 29 are described else-\nwhere (S.W. et al., unpub. data). Calf 27, which had nega-tive BTV test results, was born with hypermobility of the fetlock joints, unilateral carpal valgus, and arthrogryposis. All other calves were reported to be healthy.\nTime windows for possible in utero infection of each \ncalf were calculated according to the BTV testing history of the dam and the birth date of the calf (Figure). These win-dows were used to investigate effect of stage of gestation on the probability of transplacental transmission. To account for uncertainty in the date of infection, we used Bayes-ian methods (online Technical Appendix, available from www.cdc.gov/EID/content/15/12/2025-Techapp.pdf). The probability of transplacental transmission increased with the time of gestation during which the dam became infected (β\n1 0.033; 95% credibility interval 0.014–0.063).\nConclusions\nThis detailed fi eld study, which combines data on BTV \ninfection in cows with data on transplacentally acquired infection in their offspring, demonstrates that the BTV-8 strain circulating in northern Europe can cross the bovine placenta in a high proportion (33%) of cases and infect calves when dams are infected during pregnancy. A simi-lar study in continental Europe suggested a rate of ≈10% \n(13). However, because the transmission season was longer in some of these countries, many seropositive dams could \nhave been infected before pregnancy, leading to underesti-mation of the probability of transplacental infection. In our study, we tested only calves from dams infected between August and December 2007 and known to be pregnant at the time of infection. Furthermore, analysis of our data sug-gests that transplacental transmission is more likely when infection occurs later in gestation; indeed, most of the dams in this study would have been in the second or third ges-tation trimester when infected (Figure), which may have increased our estimated rate over that found in continental Europe.\nTransplacental transmission is of particular concern \nfor policy makers because it may result in the birth of immune-tolerant, persistent carriers, as has happened with bovine viral diarrhea virus ( 14). In our study, all BTV-pos-\nitive calves other than X and Y were tested after they had received colostrum and, hence, maternal antibodies. The presence of BTV antibodies in calf Y suggests that fetal an-tibody formed in response to in utero infection, yet calf X had no detectable antibodies against BTV despite strongly positive rRT-PCR results. Calf X was infected late in gesta-tion (Figure), when it should have been capable of mount-ing its own antibody response ( 15). Antibody-negative \nPCR-positive calves have been reported elsewhere ( 13). \nFollow-up testing is needed to assess whether such calves remain persistently infected; however, because calf X died a few days after birth, follow-up testing was not possible. \nRNA declined in all retested calves (Table); most were \nPCR-negative by the end of the study, including dummy calf 13. Therefore, our results do not suggest that transpla-DISPATCHES\n2026 Emerging Infectious Diseases • www.cdc.gov/eid • Vol. 15, No. 12, December 2009Table. Bluetongue virus real-time reverse transcription–PCR results from follow-up sampling of calves with initial positive res ults,\nUnited Kingdom, December 20, 2007, to March 15, 2008* \nRetest results, age, d (Ct) \nCalf no. First BTV result, \nage, d (Ct) Retest 1 Retest 2 Retest 3 Retest 4 Retest 5 Age, d, when \nPCR negative Estimated\ngestation, d†\n1 15 (25) 28 (26) 44 (26) 58 (28.5) 72 (32.5) 91 (neg) 91 82–219\n3 38 (31) 47 (32) 61 (35.5) 81 (neg) NT NT 81 106–243\n10 79 (32) 106 (33.5) 120 (34) 137 (neg) 158 (neg) NT 137 140–197\n12 81 (28) 108 (30) 122 (31) 139 (34) 160 (neg) NT 160 142–199\n13 4 (33) 31 (36.5) 45 (neg) 62 (neg) 83 (neg) NT 45 65–122\n14 28 (26) 48 (29) 55 (32) 69 (neg) 86 (neg) 107 (neg) 69 154–209\n15 70 (32) 97 (neg) 111 (neg) 128 neg) 149 (neg) NT 97 196–251\n20 17 (31) 44 (32.5) 58 (33.5) 75 (neg) 96 (neg NT 75 78–128\n25 27 (29.5) 41 (29) 55 (30.5) 69 (36) NT NT >69‡ 145–202\n28 1 (23) 26 (25) 35 (26) NT NT >35‡ 101–181\n29 1 (27) 12 (27.5) Calf died 45–182\n41 47 (28) 61 (29.5) NT NT NT NT >61‡ 79–126\n45 22 (27) 40 (30.5) 61 (34) NT NT NT >61‡ 52–130\n47 25 (26.5) 39 (29) 66 (38) NT NT NT >66‡ 52–189\n49 (twin with 50) 46 (29) 60 (36) 87 (neg) NT NT NT 87 73–136\n50 (twin with 49) 46 (29) 60 (36.5) 87 (neg) NT NT NT 87 73–136\n55 21 (25.5) 48 (31.5) NT NT NT >48‡ 34–172\n*BTV, bluetongue virus; Ct, cycle threshold; neg, negative: NT, not tested. \n†Estimated stage of gestation at which transplacental infection may have occurred \n‡These calves could not be followed up for farm management reasons or because the project had ended. Transplacental Transmission of BTV-8, Cattle\ncental infection with BTV-8 results in subclinical, persis-\ntent carriers. Nonetheless, the fi nding that some calves may \nbe born with deformaties after the virus has cleared may lead to underestimation of the economic effects of BTV; calf 27, which was born with limb deformities to a BTV positive dam, could be such a case.\nLive virus has been successfully isolated from only 4 \ntranspacentally infected calves (including calf X described in this study), all of which received either no maternal co-lostrum or only pooled colostrum ( 9,13). Further work is \nneeded to assess whether infectious virus can be isolated from healthy transplacentally infected calves that have colostrum-derived maternal antibodies, because infectious virus needs to be present if transplacental infection is to play a major role in overwintering. In conclusion, future emerging BTV strains should be considered to have the po-tential for transplacental transmission until investigations show otherwise.\nAcknowledgments\nWe are indebted to all the farmers who participated in this \nstudy for their invaluable cooperation. We also thank many col-leagues at the Institute for Animal Health, Pirbright, the Animal Health divisional of fi ces at Bury St. Edmunds and Chelmsford, \nand the regional laboratories of the Veterinary Laboratories Agen-cy (VLA) at Bury St. Edmunds and Winchester for all their help and guidance. As well, we thank Simon Carpenter, Christopher Sanders, James Barber, Anthony Greenleaves, and Alan Hurst for their support and contributions to this study.\nThis fi eld study, led by the Institute for Animal Health, Pir-\nbright, in cooperation with Animal Health through their divisional offi ces at Bury St. Edmund and Chelmsford, and the VLA through their Regional Laboratory in Bury St. Edmunds, was made pos-\nsible by special funding by the Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council awarded as grant BB/G529075/1 to P.S.M. Also, the Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs supported this study through VLA project SV3200.\nDr Darpel is a veterinarian and a postdoctoral research sci-\nentist in the Vector-borne Diseases Programme at the Institute for Animal Health, Pirbright. Her current research interests include alternative transmission pathways of arboviruses and the in fl u-\nence of vector arthropod saliva proteins on arbovirus infections.\nReferences\n 1. Of fi ce International des Épizooties. Bluetongue in Netherlands. Dis-\nease Information; 2006;19(34) [cited 2009 Oct 20]. Available from http://www.oie.int/wahis/public.php?page=home\n 2. Wilson A, Darpel K, Mellor PS. Where does bluetongue virus sleep \nin the winter? PLoS Biol. 2008;6:e210. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.0060210\n 3. Gibbs EPJ, Lawman MJP, Herniman KAJ. Preliminary observations \non transplacental infection of bluetongue virus in sheep—a possible overwintering mechanism. Res Vet Sci. 1979;27:118–20.\n 4. Schultz G, Delay PD. Losses in newborn lambs associated with \nblue tongue vaccination of pregnant ewes. J Am Vet Med Assoc. 1955;127:224–6.\n 5. Parsonson IM, Thompson LH, Walton TE. Experimentally induced \ninfection with bluetongue virus serotype 11 in cows. Am J Vet Res. 1994;55(11):1529–34.\n 6. Richardson C, Taylor WP, Terlecki S, Gibbs EPJ. Observations on \ntransplacental infection with bluetongue virus in sheep. Am J Vet Res. 1985;46:1912–22.\n 7. Bwangamoi O. Pathology of ovine foetus infection with BTV . Bull \nAnim Health Prod Afr. 1978;26:78–97. \n 8. Kirkland PD, Hawkes RA. A comparison of laboratory and “wild” \nstrains of bluetongue virus—is there any difference and does it mat-ter? Veterinaria Italiana. 2004;40:448–55.\n Emerging Infectious Diseases • www.cdc.gov/eid • Vol. 15, No. 12, December 2009 2027 0 90 180 270X\nY\n1\n2\n34\n5\n67\n8\n9\n10\n11\n12\n13\n14\n15\n16\n17\n18\n19\n20\n2122\n23\n2425\n26\n27\n28\n29\n30\n31\n32\n33\n34\n35\n3637\n38\n3940\n41\n42\n43\n44\n45\n46\n47\n48\n49\n51\n5253\n54\n5556\n57\n58\n59Calf no.\nDays of gestationFigure. Estimated gestation period at infection of \nthe dam in relation to occurrence of transplacental transmission. Bluetongue virus (BTV) test data for the dams and birth dates of the calves were used to calculate the window of gestation when the dam could have become infected (see online Technical Appendix, available from www.cdc.gov/EID/content/15/12/2025-Techapp.pdf, for details). The calculated infection windows are shown in red for BTV-positive calves (transplacental infection did occur) and in blue for BTV-negative calves (transplacental infection did not occur). Because calves were conceived naturally, the exact date of conception is not known, although all were considered to have been born at full term. 9. Menzies FD, McCullough SJ, McKeown IM, Forster JL, Jess S, Bat-\nten C, et al. Evidence for transplacental and contact transmission of bluetongue virus in cattle. Vet Rec. 2008;163:203–9.\n10. Shaw AE, Monaghan P, Alpar HO, Anthony S, Darpel KE, Batten \nCA, et al. Development and validation of a real-time RT-PCR as-say to detect genome bluetongue virus segment 1. J Virol Methods. 2007;145:115–26. DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2007.05.014\n11. Wechsler SJ, McHolland LE, Tabachnick WJ. Cell lines from Cu-\nlicoides variipennis (Diptera, Ceratopogonidae) support replica-\ntion of bluetongue virus. J Invertebr Pathol. 1989;54:385–93. DOI: 10.1016/0022-2011(89)90123-7\n12. Vercauteren G, Miry C, Vandenbussche F, Ducatelle R, Van der \nHeyden S, Vandemeulebroucke E, et al. Bluetongue virus serotype 8–associated congenital hydranencephaly in calves. Transboundary and Emerging Diseases. 2008;55:293–8. DOI: 10. 1111/j.1865-1682\n.2008.01034.x13. De Clercq K, De Leeuw I, Verheyden B, Vandemeulebroucke E, \nVanbinst T, Herr C, et al. Transplacental infection and apparently immunotolerance induced by a wild-type bluetongue virus sero-type 8 natural infection. Transboundary and Emerging Diseases. 2008;55:352–9. DOI: 10. 1111/j.1865-1682.2008.01044.x\n14. Fray MD, Paton DJ, Alenius S. The effects of bovine viral diar-\nrhoea virus on cattle reproduction in relation to disease control. Anim Reprod Sci. 2000;60–61:615–27. DOI: 10.1016/S0378-4320(00)00082-8\n15. Osburn BI. The impact of bluetongue on reproduction. Comp Im-\nmunol Microbiol Infect Dis. 1994;17:189–96. DOI: 10.1016/0147-9571(94)90042-6\nAddress for correspondence: Karin E. Darpel, Institute for Animal Health, \nPirbright Laboratory, Ash Road, Pirbright, Surrey GU240NF, UK; email: karin.darpel@bbsrc.ac.ukDISPATCHES\n2028 Emerging Infectious Diseases • www.cdc.gov/eid • Vol. 15, No. 12, December 2009\n Echinococcus \nvogeli Infection \nin a Hunter, \nFrench Guiana\nJenny Knapp,1 Mircea Chirica, \nChristine Simonnet, Frederic Grenouillet, \nJean-Mathieu Bart, Yasuhito Sako, Sonoyo Itoh, \nMinoru Nakao, Akira Ito,1 and Laurence Millon1\nEchinococcus vogeli infection in a hunter from the rain \nforest of French Guiana was con fi rmed by imaging and mi-\ntochondrial DNA sequence analysis. Serologic examination showed typical patterns for both alveolar and cystic echi-nococcosis. Polycystic echinococcis caused by E. vogeli \nmay be an emerging parasitic disease in Central and South America.\nEchinococcosis is one of the most lethal helminthic \nzoonoses worldwide. The 4 species of the genus Echi-\nnococcus are E. granulosus sensu lato, now including 5 \nindependent species ( 1,2), which causes cystic echinococ-\ncosis (CE); E. multilocularis, which causes alveolar echi-\nnococcosis; E. vogeli, which causes polycystic echinococ-\ncosis (PE); and E. oligarthrus, which causes the recently \ndescribed unicystic echinococcosis ( 3–6). Among these \nspecies, E. oligarthrus and E. vogeli are neotropical species \nlocalized exclusively in Central and South America ( 5,6). \nOnly 3 cases of E. oligarthrus infection have been reported \nin the literature (1 from Brazil, 1 from Venezuela, and 1 from Surinam); 168 E. vogeli cases have been reported in \n12 countries in Central and South America. To date, there have been no reports of neotropical echinococcosis in Bo-livia, Paraguay, Guyana, or French Guiana ( 5,6). E. granu-\nlosus occurs sympatrically in South America, whereas E. \nmultilocularis does not occur there at all ( 3,5). As both E. \nvogeli and E. oligarthrus have primarily sylvatic life cycles \nand the diagnosis is usually based on histopathologic ex-amination of resected lesions, the number of human cases might be underestimated because of the small number of patients who receive surgical treatment ( 5,6). We report \na case of human infection from French Guiana caused by E. vogeli .\nThe Study\nIn April 2006, a 72-year-old man was admitted to a lo-\ncal hospital in Cayenne, French Guiana, for abdominal pain and a palpable epigastric mass. The patient hunted jaguars in the rain forest of French Guiana and owned dogs. He had no history of travel outside French Guiana. An exploratory laparotomy performed in June 2006 showed a hard, whitish liver tumor, deemed unresectable. Histopathologic exami-nation of a biopsied sample of the tumor showed multilocu-lar cysts. Albendazole treatment was started immediately after surgery. In January 2007, the patient was referred to the Department of General, Endocrine, and Digestive Sur-gery at the Saint-Louis Hospital, Paris, France. Computed tomography showed a multilocular hypoattenuating cystic mass in the left side of the liver, in fi ltrating the left glis-\nsonian pedicle up to the hepatic hilum (Figure 1, Panel A). Magnetic resonance imaging showed a well-de fi ned, thin-\nwalled, multilocular cystic mass (11 × 10 × 12 cm) involv-\ning segments II, III, and IV of the liver (Figure 1, Panel B) and multiple intraperitoneal cysts. The cysts appeared mark-edly hyperintense on T2-weighted images, hypo-intense on T1-weighted images, and showed slight enhancement of the septa after gadolinium injection. The patient underwent a left hepatectomy and resection of intraperitoneal cysts. Analysis of the operative specimen showed multiple large and small parasite hooks, with mean lengths of 32.7 μm ± \n1.6 μm and 42.7 μm ± 0.7 μm, respectively (Figure 2).\nTwo serum samples from the patient (one obtained \nin May 2006, the other in December 2006) were analyzed by several immunologic techniques; all indicated infec-tion with Echinococcus spp. Commercial ELISAs using E. \ngranulosus antigens (Bordier Af fi\n nity Products, Lausanne, \nSwitzerland, and Biotrin International, Antony, France) and the E. multilocularis -speci fi c Em2\nplus-ELISA (Bor-\ndier Af fi nity Products, Switzerland) were both strongly \npositive. Con fi rmative Western blots (LD Bio Products, \nLyon, France) showed a shadow at 16–18 kDa, which is characteristic for E. granulosus infection, on both samples. \nAdditional Western blots carried out at Asahikawa Medi-cal College (Asahikawa, Japan) using recombinant anti-gens (RecAgB8/1, more speci fi c for E. granulosus , and \nRecEm18, more speci fi c for E. multilocularis ; 7,8) also \nshowed strong responses. On the basis of serologic patterns obtained with recombinant antigens, with no knowledge of the patient’s clinical background, travel history, or images of the lesion, E. granulosus infection with many multiple \ncysts, advanced E. multilocularis , or advanced E. vogeli in-\nfection was suspected\n (7,9).\n Emerging Infectious Diseases • www.cdc.gov/eid • Vol. 15, No. 12, December 2009 2029 1These authors contributed equally to this article.Author af fi liations: Université de Franche-Comté, Besançon, France \n(J. Knapp, F. Grenouillet, J.-M. Bart, L. Millon); Asahikawa Medical College, Asahikawa, Hokkaido, Japan (J. Knapp, Y. Sako, S. Itoh, M. Nakao, A. Ito); Saint-Louis Hospital, Paris, France (M. Chirica); Pasteur Institute of French Guiana, Cayenne, French Guiana (C. Simonnet); and World Health Organization Collaborating Center for Prevention and Treatment of Human Echinococcosis, Besançon (J. Knapp, F. Grenouillet, L. Millon)\n \nDOI: 10.3201/eid1512.090940 Molecular identi fi cation was carried out with reference \nto the GenBank database by using a highly polymorphic DNA target ( 10). DNA from the liver lesion was extract-\ned by using the High Pure PCR Preparation Kit (Roche, Mannheim, Germany). A part of the cox1 mitochondrial \ngene was sequenced by using the E. vogeli –speci fi c primer \nset ( cox1 _F: 5′-TTAATTTTGCCTGGGTTTGG-3 ′ and \ncox1 _R: 5′-ACGACCCATATGATCCCAAA-3 ′). A se-\nquence of 492 bp was obtained with the ABI 310 sequenc-er (Applied Biosystems, Foster City, CA, USA) and was compared with Echinococcus spp. sequences published in \nthe GenBank database (online Appendix Table, available from www.cdc.gov/EID/content/15/12/2029-appT.htm). \nThe sequences were aligned by using BioEdit 7.0.9.0 ( 11), \nand sequence identity matrix was generated based on the percentage of base pairs in common between species. The \ncox1 sequence was found to be 100% identical to E. vogeli \nspecies originating from Colombia (GenBank accession no. AB208546; 2) and was clearly distinguishable from all \nother Echinococcus species (online Appendix Table).\nOn the basis of imaging showing numerous multiple \ncysts, serologic examination showing typical patterns for both alveolar and cystic echinococcosis, and the life history of the patient, the diagnosis of polycystic echinococcosis caused by E. vogeli could have been made before surgi-\ncal intervention ( 5,7,9). The immunoblot showing a strong \nantibody response to recombinant AgB suggested a large volume of cyst fl uid. Therefore, the immunoblot showing \nstrong responses to both recombinant Em18 and AgB may be a typical pattern for advanced E. vogeli infection (data \nnot shown). Because few studies using serologic analysis on human E. vogeli cases have been published, it would be \nuseful to study antibody responses using recombinant an-tigens with large numbers of such patients and to compare the results with patterns observed with alveolar and cystic echinococcosis ( 7,9).\n \nAfter surgery, identi fi cation of parasite hooks was car-\nried out. The hooks showed the characteristic shape of E. DISPATCHES\n2030 Emerging Infectious Diseases • www.cdc.gov/eid • Vol. 15, No. 12, December 2009\nFigure 1. Computed tomography (A) and magnetic resonance (B) \nimages of the liver of a 72-year-old man from French Guiana with polycystic echinococcosis affecting the left side of the liver. White arrows indicate the multicystic liver lesion. \nFigure 2. Large (A) and small (B) hooks from Echinococcus vogeli \nprotoscoleces in the liver lesion of a 72-year-old man from French Guiana. Scale bars = 10 μm. E. vogeli Infection, French Guiana\nvogeli and thus differed from E. granulosus (mean lengths \nof large hooks 25.9–35 μm, and small hooks 22.6–27.8 \nμm) and E. oligarthrus (30.5–33.4 μm and 25.4–27.3 μm, \nrespectively) ( 12,13). E. granulosus and E. oligarthrus also \noccur in South America. The presence of hooks indicated that the parasite lesion was fertile in our patient, as shown in ≈50% of cases ( 5). Based on mitochondrial DNA analy-\nsis, the parasite identi fi cation was con fi rmed as E. vogeli . \nFurther molecular studies on the haplotypes of this species may give information concerning the genetic diversity and circulation of the parasite in South America ( 14).\nAlbendazole has been used for medical management \nof alveolar and advanced cystic echinococcosis ( 3). Several \ninstances of its ef fi cacy on polycystic echinococcosis have \nbeen reported, but given the primacy of surgical manage-ment of these infections, albendazole will probably remain an additional treatment ( 5).\nNeotropical echinococcosis cases are rare compared \nwith alveolar and cystic echinococcosis ( 5). This rarity is \nprobably because of the sylvatic life cycle of these species. However, because domestic dogs have been introduced to areas where E. vogeli is present in its natural cycle, the po-\ntential for transmission of the parasites from dogs to hu-mans by close contact exists. The at-risk population mainly lives in rural areas and has limited access to medical ser-vices, which strongly suggests that many infected persons cannot receive adequate treatment for this underestimated disease.\nConclusions\nWe report an autochthonous case of E. vogeli infec-\ntion documented in French Guiana. Further investigations \nare needed to improve the serologic diagnosis of this in-fection and to de fi ne its typical serologic pattern compared \nwith echinococcosis. Healthcare providers need to be alert to the existence of neotropical echinococcosis and should consider the possibility of its emergence in Central and South America. Although rare, this disease is still lethal in untreated cases. \nAcknowledgments\nWe thank Christine Budke and Lois Rose for critical amend-\nments to this paper and Antonio D’Alessandro for providing epi-demiologic information. \nThis study was supported in part by an international research \nfund to A.I. from the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS) (17256002, 21256003). J.K. was a JSPS postdoctoral fel-low (2008 Sep 1–2009 Jul 31). \nDr Knapp completed her PhD at the University of Franche-\nComté and is a postdoctoral fellow working at Asahikawa Medi-cal College, Japan. Her major research focus is the molecular epi-demiology of echinococcosis.\n References\n 1. Hüttner M, Nakao M, Wassermann T, Siefert L, Boomker JD, Din-\nkel A, et al. Genetic characterization and phylogenetic position of Echinococcus felidis (Cestoda: Taeniidae) from the African lion. Int \nJ Parasitol. 2008;38:861–8. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpara.2007.10.013\n 2. Nakao M, McManus DP, Schantz PM, Craig PS, Ito A. A molecular \nphylogeny of the genus Echinococcus inferred from complete mito-\nchondrial genomes. Parasitology. 2007;134:713–22. DOI: 10.1017/S0031182006001934\n 3. Pawloski ZS, Eckert J, Vuitton DA, Ammann RW, Kern P, Craig \nPS, et al. Echinococcosis in humans: clinical aspects, diagnosis and treatment. In: Eckert J, Gemmell MA, Meslin FX, Pawlowski J, eds. WHO/OIE Manual on echinococcosis in humans and animals: a public health problem of global concern. Paris: World Organisation for Animal Health, 2001:20–72. \n 4. McManus DP, Zhang W, Li J, Bartley PB. Echinococcosis. Lancet. \n2003;362:1295–304. DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(03)14573-4\n 5. D’Alessandro A, Rausch RL. New aspects of neotropical poly-\ncystic ( Echinococcus vogeli ) and unicystic ( Echinococcus oligar-\nthrus ) echinococcosis. Clin Microbiol Rev. 2008;21:380–401. DOI: \n10.1128/CMR.00050-07\n 6. Tappe D, Stich A, Frosch M. Emergence of polycystic neotropical \nechinococcosis. Emerg Infect Dis. 2008;14:292–7. DOI: 10.3201/eid1402.070742\n 7. Ito A, Nakao M, Sako Y . Echinococcosis: serological detection of \npatients and molecular identi fi cation of parasites. Future Microbiol. \n2007;2:439–49. DOI: 10.2217/17460913.2.4.439\n 8. Sako Y , Nakao M, Nakaya K, Yamasaki H, Gottstein B, Lightowers \nMW, et al. Alveolar echinococcosis: characterization of diagnostic antigen Em18 and serological evaluation of recombinant Em18. J Clin Microbiol. 2002;40:2760–5. DOI: 10.1128/JCM.40.8.2760-2765.2002\n 9. Ito A, Xiao N, Liance M, Sato MO, Sako Y , Mamuti W, et al. Evalu-\nation of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) with af-fi nity-puri fi ed Em18 and an ELISA with recombinant Em18 for dif-\nferential diagnosis of alveolar echinococcosis: results of a blind test. J Clin Microbiol. 2002;40:4161–5. DOI: 10.1128/JCM.40.11.4161-4165.2002\n10. Nakao M, Yokoyama N, Sako Y , Fukunaga M, Ito A. The complete \nmitochondrial DNA sequence of the cestode Echinococcus multiloc-\nularis (Cyclophyllidea: Taeniidae). Mitochondrion. 2002;1:497–\n509. DOI: 10.1016/S1567-7249(02)00040-5\n11. Hall TA. BioEdit: a user-friendly biological sequence alignment \neditor and analysis program for Windows 95/98/NT. Nucleic Acids Symp Ser. 1999;41:95–8. \n12. Rausch RL, Rausch VR, D’Alessandro A. Discrimination of the lar-\nval stages of Echinococcus oligarthrus (Diesing, 1863) and E. vogeli \nRausch and Bernstein, 1972 (Cestoda: Taeniidae). Am J Trop Med Hyg. 1978;27:1195–202.\n13. Thompson RC, McManus DP. Aetiology: parasites and life-cycles. \nIn: Eckert J, Gemmell, MA, Meslin FX, Pawlowski ZS, eds. WHO/OIE manual on echinococcosis in humans and animals: a public health problem of global concern. Paris: World Organisation for Animal Health; 2001. p. 1–9.\n14. Yamasaki H, Nakao M, Nakaya K, Schantz PM, Ito A. Genetic anal-\nysis of Echinococcus multilocularis originating from a patient with \nalveolar echinococcosis occurring in Minnesota in 1977. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2008;79:245–7.\nAddress for correspondence: Laurence Millon, Department of \nParasitology, UMR 6249 CNRS/UFC Chrono-Environnement, Jean Minjoz University Hospital, 25030 Besançon, France; email: laurence.millon@univ-fcomte.fr\n Emerging Infectious Diseases • www.cdc.gov/eid • Vol. 15, No. 12, December 2009 2031 Recombination in \nVaccine and \nCirculating Strains \nof Porcine \nReproductive and \nRespiratory \nSyndrome Viruses\nBin Li, Liurong Fang, Zuofei Xu, Suyan Liu, \nJianfeng Gao, Yunbo Jiang, Huanchun Chen, \nand Shaobo Xiao\nEm2007, a porcine reproductive and respiratory syn-\ndrome virus (PRRSV) variant with a unique 68 aa deletion in Nsp2, was recently isolated in China. Phylogenetic and molecular evolutionary analyses indicated that Em2007 is a natural recombinant between a vaccine strain of PRRSV and circulating virus. We also tested its pathogenicity in piglets. \nPorcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) \nis now considered one of the most economically impor-\ntant diseases in countries with intensive swine industries. The causative agent, PRRS virus (PRRSV), is a member of the family Arteriviridae (1). The genome of PRRSV is \n≈15 kb and encodes 9 open reading frames (ORFs). Two \ndistinct genotypes of PRRSV share only ≈60% nucleotide \nidentity and are represented by the North American pro-totype VR-2332 and the European prototype Lelystad vi-rus (LV) ( 2). Sequence differences have also been found \namong isolates of the same genotype, particularly in the Nsp2 regions within ORF1a, and ORF5 ( 3). Mutation and \ngenetic recombination play an important role in the evolu-tion of PRRSV ( 4–6).\nSince May 2006, porcine high fever syndrome, caused \nby highly pathogenic PRRSV and characterized by high fe-ver and high death rates in pigs of all ages, has emerged in China and affected >20 million pigs ( 7–9). Genomic analy-\nsis showed that nearly all of the emerging highly patho-genic PRRSVs isolated from this outbreak share a unique discontinuous deletion of 30 aa in Nsp2 ( 7–10 ). However, \na novel PRRSV variant, with a 68 aa deletion in Nsp2, emerged in central China in 2007. We report the unique genetic characteristics of this novel variant and its patho-genicity in piglets.The Study\nAt the end of 2007, a smaller cDNA fragment than the \nexpected size was observed from a fetal piglet when a diag-nostic reverse transcription–PCR (RT-PCR) was performed to amplify the unique genetic marker of the highly patho-genic PRRSV, indicating that a novel PRRSV variant was found. This strain, designated Em2007, was subsequently isolated and the full-length genomic sequence was deter-mined. The genome of Em2007 was 15,272 bp, including the poly(A) tail (GenBank accession no. EU262603), and shared 87.6% and 57.9% sequence identity with VR-2332 and LV, respectively, indicating that Em2007 belongs to the North American genotype. The Nsp2 gene of Em2007 was 2,736 bp and encoded 912 aa, with a unique continu-ous deletion of 68 aa at positions 499–566, relative to strain VR-2332 (online Technical Appendix, available from www.cdc.gov/EID/content/15/12/2032-Techapp.pdf). This unique deletion is substantially different from previous PRRSV isolates with deletions in Nsp2 ( 3,7–11 ).\nTo establish the genetic relationships of Em2007, we \nconstructed phylogenetic trees using the neighbor-joining method based on the full-length genome. Results showed that Em2007 formed a minor branch, which was located in the middle of 2 clusters represented by CH-1a (the fi rst \nPRRSV isolated in China in 1996) and JXA1 (the highly pathogenic PRRSV isolated in China in 2006), respectively (data not shown).\nWe also compared the sequence identity of individual \nEm2007 ORFs with representative PRRSV isolates and found that all ORFs have highest identity (>92%) with CH-1R (an attenuated vaccine strain used in China), except for Nsp2 (80.2%). Because recombinations have been reported in PRRSV in previous studies ( 6), we speculated that Em2007 \nis a mosaic. To test our hypothesis, we used 3 approaches to detect possible recombination events within Em2007. \nFirst, SimPlot, which calculates and plots the percent \nidentity of a query sequence against a panel of reference sequences in sliding windows ( 12), was performed using \nEm2007 as a query. Based on a set of complete genome sequences, including 56 Chinese PRRSVs isolated during 1996-2008, three representative North American strains (VR-2332, MN184B, and P129), and 2 attenuated vac-cine strains (RespPRRS, CH-1R) (the origin of all strains is listed in the Table), the SimPlot graph clearly showed that Em2007 was generally closer to CH-1R than to any other strain. However, there were 3 narrow zones show-ing disproportionately low levels of similarity between the 2 strains compared to other regions (Figure 1, panel A). Notably, the 3 narrow zones of Em2007 had high levels of similarity with WUH1 (a highly pathogenic PRRSV, isolated in Wuhan, China in 2006). These results indicated that Em2007 is a possible recombinant and CH-1R and WUH1 are 2 putative parental-like strains. Recombination DISPATCHES\n2032 Emerging Infectious Diseases • www.cdc.gov/eid • Vol. 15, No. 12, December 2009Author af fi liation: Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Peo-\nple’s Republic of China\nDOI: 10.3201/eid1512.090390 Recombination in Strains of PRRSV\nwas further analyzed by Bootscan, a program for the detec-\ntion of recombination events, and the Genetic Algorithm for Recombination Detection (GARD) ( 13). Six potential \nrecombination breakpoints, with maximal χ\n2, were found \n(Figure 1, panel B), indicating that 3 recombination events have taken place within Em2007. Two recombination frag-ments (1,457–2,312 and 3,245–4,584) are located in Nsp2; the third (8,195–9,168) is located in Nsp9.\nPhylogenetic trees of nucleotide sequences of each re-\ncombination region de fi ned by GARD, including fl anking \nregions, were further reconstructed by the neighbor-joining method. A large discrepancy (p<0.001, by Shimodaira-Hasegawa test) between phylogenetic trees inferred for each recombination region constitutes powerful evidence for recombination (online Technical Appendix). In addi-tion, a retrospective survey found that the fetal piglet from which Em2007 was isolated was from a farm in Wuhan, China, and CH-1R was used on this farm to control PRRS, indicating the potential for recombination between CH-1R and WUH1. This evidence further supported the possibility that Em2007 is a natural recombinant between CH-1R and \nWUH1.\nTo test the virulence of Em2007, 40-day-old PRRSV-\nfree piglets (9 piglets in each group) were inoculated in-tramuscularly with 10\n5.0 mean tissue cultures infectious \ndoses/2 mL of Em2007, CH-1a, and WUH1, respectively. Control piglets were inoculated with Dulbecco minimal essential medium. Clinical signs and rectal temperature were recorded daily. Two piglets from each group were euthanized and necropsied at 7 and 10 days postinocula-tion, and organs including lung, brain, spleen, kidney, liver, intestines, and lymph nodes were collected for viral load analyses and histopathologic examinations. The remaining 5 piglets in each group were observed for 21 days to evalu-ate death rates.\nResults showed that piglets inoculated with CH-1a \nexperienced only temporary fever and mild respiratory symptoms. Obvious clinical signs, including inappetence, lethargy, high and continuous fever, red discolorations in the body, and blue ears were observed in piglets inoculated \n Emerging Infectious Diseases • www.cdc.gov/eid • Vol. 15, No. 12, December 2009 2033 Table. Origin and GenBank accession numbers of 61 PRRSV isolates from China and representative strains from North America used \nin this study* \nIsolate\nno. Strain Country of origin GenBank\naccession no. Isolate\nno. Strain Country of origin GenBank\naccession no. \n1 CH-1a China AY032626 32 HUN4 China EF635006\n2 BJ-4 China AF331831 33 HuN China EF517962\n3 PRRSV01 China FJ175687 34 JXwn06 China EF641008\n4 PRRSV02 China FJ175688 35 07QN China FJ394029\n5 PRRSV03 China FJ175689 36 GD China EU825724\n6 HB-1(sh)/2002 China AY150312 37 CG China EU864231\n7 HB-1-3.9 China EU360130 38 NM1 China EU860249\n8 HB-2(sh)/2002 China AY262352 39 07NM China FJ393456\n9 GS2002 China EU880443 40 XH-GD China EU624117\n10 GS2003 China EU880442 41 Em2007 China EU262603\n11 GS2004 China EU880441 42 Henan-1 China EU200962\n12 CH2002 China EU880438 43 Jiangxi-3 China EU200961\n13 CH2003 China EU880440 44 SX2007 China EU880434\n14 CH2004 China EU880439 45 WUH1 China EU187484\n15 HN1 China AY457635 46 LN China EU109502\n16 NB/04 China FJ536165 47 SHH China EU106888\n17 SHB China EU864232 48 GD2007 China EU880433\n18 CC-1 China EF152486 49 BJ China EU825723\n19 HUB1 China EF075945 50 07BJ China FJ393459\n20 HUB2 China EF112446 51 HN2007 China EU880437\n21 HEB1 China EF112447 52 07HEBTJ China FJ393458\n22 JSyx China EU939312 53 07HEN China FJ393457\n23 JX143 China EU708723 54 CH-1R China EU807840\n24 JXA1 China EF112445 55 GS2008 China EU880431\n25 SY0608 China EU144079 56 XL2008 China EU880436\n26 TP China EU864233 57 HPBEDV China EU236259\n27 JX2006 China EU880432 58 VR-2332 USA AY150564 \n28 S1 China DQ459471 59 P129 USA AF494042\n29 BJsy06 China EU097707 60 RespPRRSMLV USA AF066183\n30 TJ China EU860248 61 MN184B USA DQ176020 \n31 NX06 China EU097706\n*PRRSV, porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus. with WUH1 (Figure 2, panel A). Furthermore, severe in-\nterstitial pneumonia (online Technical Appendix) and non-suppurative encephalitis cases were also observed 7 and 10 days postinoculation. Four of 5 piglets died within 21 days after inoculation (Figure 2, panel B). Piglets inoculated with Em2007 also showed similar clinical signs to those seen in the WUH1 group. However, the interstitial pneumonia and nonsuppurative encephalitis were mild and no deaths occurred throughout the experimental period in Em2007 group. The results of viremia and viral load also indicated that Em2007 was more mild than WUH1, but of substan-tially higher virulence than CH-1a (data not shown).Conclusions\nEm2007, a PRRSV variant with a unique continuous \ndeletion of 68 aa in Nsp2, was isolated in China. This vari-ant is a natural recombinant between an attenuated PRRSV vaccine strain CH-1R and a highly pathogenic PRRSV strain, WUH1. Animal experiments demonstrated that while Em2007 has higher virulence than CH-1a, the paren-tal strain of CH-1R, it is attenuated relative to WUH1.\nPrevious studies have shown that genetic recombina-\ntion occurs between attenuated vaccine strains of PRRSV grown together in culture ( 14). This study demonstrates for \nthe fi rst time that natural recombination can occur between \nvaccine and fi eld strains, suggesting that live vaccines have \nthe capacity to shape PRRSV evolution by homologous re-combination with circulating virus. DISPATCHES\n2034 Emerging Infectious Diseases • www.cdc.gov/eid • Vol. 15, No. 12, December 2009\nFigure 1. Recombination event analyses of the Em2007 strain of \nporcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV). A) Similarity plot analysis using Em2007 as query sequence. Analysis made use of a sliding window of 200 bases and a step size of 20 bases. The y-axis shows the percentage similarity between the selected PRRSV sequences and the query sequence. The other comparisons are not shown for clarity. B) Bootscan analysis using Em2007 as the query sequence. JXA1 is used as the outgroup to determine the breakpoints. The y-axis shows the percentage of permutated trees using a sliding window of 600 bases and a step size of 20 bases. Red vertical lines and numbers indicate the recombination breakpoints identi fi ed by the Genetic Algorithm \nfor Recombination Detection. Pink numbers indicate the maximal χ\n2 value of each breakpoint. Numbers corresponding to CH-1R, \nWUH1, and JXA1 indicate the quantity of informative sites in 7 zones de fi ned by 6 recombination breakpoints, respectively. \nFigure 2. Pathogenicity comparison among the Em2007, CH-\n1a, and WUH1 strains of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV). Forty-day-old piglets (9 piglets in each group) free of PRRSV were inoculated intramuscularly with 10\n5.0 \nmean tissue culture infectious doses/2 mL of Em2007, CH-1a, WUH1, respectively. Two piglets from each group were euthanized and necropsied at 7 and 10 days postinoculation (dpi) for viral load analyses and histopathologic examinations. The remaining 5 piglets in each group were used to evaluate rate of death. Mean rectal temperature (A) and survival rate (B) of each group were recorded for 21 dpi. Recombination in Strains of PRRSV\nThis study was supported by the 973 Project (2005CB523200), \nthe Key Technology Research and Development Program (2007BAD86B02/04/06), and National Natural Science Founda-tion of China (30770082, 30871871).\nMr Li is a doctoral student at Huazhong Agricultural Univer-\nsity, Wuhan, China. His research interest focuses on the evolution of PRRSV.\nReferences\n 1. Meulenberg JJ. PRRSV , the virus. Vet Res. 2000;31:11–21.\n 2. Allende R, Lewis TL, Lu Z, Rock DL, Kutish GF, Ali A, et al. North \nAmerican and European porcine reproductive and respiratory syn-drome viruses differ in non-structural protein coding regions. J Gen Virol. 1999;80:307–15.\n 3. Fang Y , Kim DY , Ropp S, Steen P, Christopher-Hennings J, Nelson \nEA, et al. Heterogeneity in Nsp2 of European-like porcine reproduc-tive and respiratory syndrome viruses isolated in the United States. Virus Res. 2004;100:229–35. DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2003.12.026\n 4. Yuan S, Nelsen CJ, Murtaugh MP, Schmitt BJ, Faaberg KS. Recom-\nbination between North American strains of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus. Virus Res. 1999;61:87–98. DOI: 10.1016/S0168-1702(99)00029-5\n 5. Kapur V , Elam MR, Pawlovich TM, Murtaugh MP. Genetic varia-\ntion in PRRS virus isolates in the midwestern United States. J Gen Virol. 1996;77:1271–6. DOI: 10.1099/0022-1317-77-6-1271\n 6. Mengeling WL, Clouser DF, V orwald AC, Lager KM. The potential \nrole of genetic recombination in the evolution of new strains of por-cine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV). J Swine Health Prod. 2002;10:273–5.\n 7. Tian K, Yu X, Zhao T, Feng Y , Cao Z, Wang C, et al. Emergence of \nfatal PRRSV variants: unparalleled outbreaks of atypical PRRS in China and molecular dissection of the unique hallmark. PLoS One. 2007;2:e526. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0000526 8. Tong GZ, Zhou YJ, Hao XF, Tian ZJ, An TQ, Qiu HJ. Highly patho-\ngenic porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome, China. Emerg Infect Dis. 2007;13:1434–6.\n 9. Feng Y , Zhao T, Nguyen T, Inui K, Ma Y , Nguyen TH, et al. Por-\ncine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus variants, Vietnam and China, 2007. Emerg Infect Dis. 2008;14:1774–6. DOI: 10.3201/eid1411.071676\n10. Gao ZQ, Guo X, Yang HC. Genomic characterization of two Chi-\nnese isolates of porcine respiratory and reproductive syndrome virus. Arch Virol. 2004;149:1341–51. DOI: 10.1007/s00705-004-0292-0\n11. Han J, Wang Y , Faaberg KS. Complete genome analysis of RFLP \n184 isolates of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus. Virus Res. 2006;122:175–82. DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2006.06.003\n12. Lole KS, Bollinger RC, Paranjape RS, Gadkari D, Kulkarni SS, \nNovak NG, et al. Full-length human immunode fi ciency virus type \n1 genomes from subtype C infected seroconverters in India, with evidence of intersubtype recombination. J Virol. 1999;73:152–60.\n13. Kosakovsky Pond SL, Posada D, Gravenor MB, Woelk CH, Frost \nSD. Automated phylogenetic detection of recombination using a ge-netic algorithm. Mol Biol Evol. 2006;23:1891–901. DOI: 10.1093/molbev/msl051\n14. Murtaugh MP, Yuan S, Nelson EA, Faaberg KS. Genetic interac-\ntion between porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) strains in cell culture and in animals. J Swine Health Prod. 2002;10:15–21.\nAddress for correspondence: Shaobo Xiao, Division of Animal Infectious \nDiseases, State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, People’s Republic of China; email: vet@mail.hzau.edu.cn\n Emerging Infectious Diseases • www.cdc.gov/eid • Vol. 15, No. 12, December 2009 2035 Use of trade names is for identi fi cation only and does not imply \nendorsement by the Public Health Service or by the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services.\n Molecular \nEpidemiology of \nGlanders, Pakistan\nHeidie Hornstra, Talima Pearson, \nShalamar Georgia, Andrew Liguori, Julia Dale, \nErin Price, Matthew O’Neill, David DeShazer, \nGhulam Muhammad, Muhammad Saqib, \nAbeera Naureen, and Paul Keim\nWe collected epidemiologic and molecular data from \nBurkholderia mallei isolates from equines in Punjab, Pak-\nistan from 1999 through 2007. We show that recent out-breaks are genetically distinct from available whole ge-nome sequences and that these genotypes are persistent and ubiquitous in Punjab, probably because of human-mediated movement of equines.\nGlanders is an equine disease that was recognized by \nHippocrates and Aristotle ( 1). It is caused by the bac-\nterium Burkholderia mallei , an obligate pathogen of horses, \ndonkeys, and mules (Equidae), with occasional infections in felines, canines, and humans ( 2,3). Strict regulation of \nequines has reduced the range of this once globally dis-tributed disease to a few endemic foci in South and Cen-tral America, the Middle East, and parts of Africa and Asia (2,4). This emerging disease has only recently regained \nattention following the listing of B. mallei as a Category \nB agent by the US Centers for Disease Control and Pre-vention ( 2). Although outbreaks are common in regions \nof disease endemicity, much of what is known about the ecology and natural population dynamics of B. mallei relies \non indirect evidence and expert opinion, with little to no knowledge concerning its genetic diversity ( 2,3). We ge-\nnetically characterized 15 samples of B. mallei from recent \noutbreaks in Pakistan to provide additional knowledge of how this disease of antiquity is transmitted throughout en-demic regions today.The Study\nWe obtained clinical samples and background infor-\nmation from 15 glanderous equids in Punjab, Pakistan from 1999 through 2007 (Table; online Appendix Table, avail-able from www.cdc.gov/EID/content/15/12/2036-appT.htm). Research on equine subjects was approved by the Synopsis Scrutiny Committee and Animal Ethics Commit-tee, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Agricul-ture, Faisalabad, Pakistan. Samples were plated on brain-heart infusion (BHI) agar with 4% glycerol and incubated for 24–30 hours at 37°C. Individual colonies were inocu-lated into BHI broth containing 4% glycerol and were in-cubated with shaking for 36 h at 37°C. An aliquot of broth (1.5 mL) was centrifuged at 13,000 rpm for 15 min. Ge-nomic DNA was extracted from the resulting pellets using standard digestion buffer and phenol-chloroform extraction protocols ( 6).\nFor genotyping, we screened 23 loci (online Appendix \nTable) from a previously established 32-marker multiple locus variable number of tandem repeats (VNTR) analy-sis system designed for B. pseudomallei and B. mallei (7). \nIn silico genotyping of the same loci was also performed \nfor 10 whole genome sequences (WGS) of B. mallei (8; \nonline Appendix Table). VNTR markers have higher mu-tation rates than other genetic markers, which make them inappropriate for determining deep levels of evolutionary relatedness. VNTRs, however, are appropriate for 1) dis-crimination between closely related isolates, 2) determi-nation of the degree of relatedness among isolates, and 3) discernment of population structure on a spatial scale (7,9,10 ). This utility is especially important for B. mallei \nbecause it is a recently emerged clone of B. pseudomal-\nlei and has been shown to be genetically monomorphic \nwith typing methods such as multilocus sequence typing (11). To compare the genetic diversity of our Punjab iso-\nlates to that of sequenced strains, we performed a phylo-genetic analysis on the 23 loci using the neighbor-joining algorithm in PAUP* 4.0b ( 9). To determine the genetic \nrelationships among the Punjab population itself, we per-formed the same analysis using only the Punjab isolates and polymorphic loci (n = 15 loci).\nCombined analysis of the Punjab isolates and WGS \nshowed that the Punjab isolates are phylogenetically dis-tinct from WGS (Figure 1). This fi nding was also demon-\nstrated in the values for average pairwise distance (APD), where the APD among Punjab isolates is 2 × lower than the \nAPD calculated for either the entire phylogeny or the WGS alone (Figure 1). Therefore, the Punjab isolates represent only a small amount of the genetic diversity demonstrat-ed in this pathogen. Phylogenetic analysis of the Punjab isolates alone placed 14 of the 15 samples into 3 distinct clades with 1 sample standing alone (Figure 2). Most samples (9/15) belong to clade A, whose isolates are both DISPATCHES\n2036 Emerging Infectious Diseases • www.cdc.gov/eid • Vol. 15, No. 12, December 2009Author af fi liations: Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, Arizona, \nUSA (H. Hornstra, T. Pearson, S. Georgia, A. Liguori, J. Dale, E. Price, M. O’Neill, P. Keim); The Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, Arizona, USA (E. Price, P. Keim); US Army Medi-cal Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Mary-land, USA (D. DeShazer); University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan (G. Muhammad, M. Saqib); Veterinary Research Center, Sultanate of Oman (M. Saqib); and University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan (A. Naureen)\nDOI: 10.3201/eid1512.090738 Molecular Epidemiology of Glanders, Pakistan\ntemporally and geographically diverse, suggesting that this \nlineage is ecologically established in Punjab.\nBecause of the limited sample size, many of the pat-\nterns observed from these data may result from sampling bias. However, even a limited amount of genotypic data can be useful in formulating hypotheses regarding the dis-persal of B. mallei . For example, the presence of samples \nfrom Faisalabad in each clade suggests that this district may be a center of diversity in the province (Figure 2) but this does not indicate a lesser degree of diversity in other districts where fewer samples were collected.\nThe diversity seen in the district of Faisalabad may re-\nsult from either 1) the industrial nature of Faisalabad or 2) from high endemism of B. mallei in the region. Currently, \nthe district has ≈10,000 horses and mules and >44,000 don-\nkeys, plus other transient equines ( 12). Many equines move \nthrough and work in the city, potentially introducing strains from surrounding regions. Because horses and mules can be positive but asymptomatic for glanders ( 13), many hosts \nare available to maintain strains throughout the region. Communal stables and water troughs are common through-out the district and B. mallei has been isolated from these \nwater troughs (A. Naureen, unpub. data). Furthermore, B. \nmallei can remain viable in contaminated stables for up to \n6 weeks ( 14) and in sterile tap water for up to 4 weeks ( 15), \nwhich provides an environment for establishment and re-tention of B. mallei populations in Faisalabad.\nCombining phylogenetic with epidemiologic data re-\nveals how B. mallei disseminates throughout a region. For \nexample, epidemiologic data suggests that 2 horses from a farm in the district of Sargodha (PRL3 and PRL4) contract-ed glanders while at a polo club in the Lahore district. This is supported by VNTR data, as these 2 isolates clustered phylogenetically with one of the samples obtained from an outbreak that occurred at the same polo club 3 months prior (groups 5 and 6, Table). Furthermore, at the time of \nthe PRL3 and PRL4 infections, a co-resident mule with no previous travel history (PRL44) was negative for glanders, making it unlikely that these horses acquired glanders from their farm. This mule was positive for glanders ≈1.5 years \nlater, and the isolate obtained from its infection clustered phylogenetically with the samples from the polo club and \n Emerging Infectious Diseases • www.cdc.gov/eid • Vol. 15, No. 12, December 2009 2037 \nFigure 1. Unrooted neighbor-joining tree based on 23 \nvariable number tandem repeat loci demonstrating that the Punjab isolates (black text and PRL-20) are genetically distinct from and less diverse than available whole genome sequences (WGS, red text) ( 7). Statistical supports for branches based on \n1,000 bootstrap iterations are shown. Sample PRL-20 is shown in red text because it is also available as a whole genome sequence; therefore, it was used in all 3 situations where an average pairwise distance (APD) was calculated. Among 10 WGS, the average pairwise distance was 0.607; between 10 WGS and Punjab isolates, average pairwise distance was 0.627; and among 15 Punjab isolates, average pairwise distance was 0.312. These results indicate that the Punjab isolates are more closely related to each other than to the sequenced strains because the APD among Punjab isolates is 2 × lower than the APD \ncalculated in the other 2 situations. \nFigure 2. Unrooted neighbor-joining tree showing phylogenetic relationships among 15 samples of Burkholderia mallei from the \nPunjab Province, Pakistan. Statistical support for each branch derived from 1,000 bootstrap iterations are shown. Sample names are color-coded to match their district of origin in reference to the inset map of the Punjab Province. Approximate linear distances between districts are Faisalabad to Lahore ≈120 km, Faisalabad to \nSargodha ≈84 km, Lahore to Sargodha ≈168 km. Sargodha horses. Therefore, we hypothesize that the in-\nfected horses either directly transferred the disease to the mule or they contaminated a source on the farm which sub-sequently led to the mule’s infection. Environmental sam-pling would be required to identify the original infection source for the horses and subsequent transmission route to the mule. Nevertheless, this case shows a strain that was transferred a distance of 168 km, demonstrating that hu-man-mediated movement of equines can in fl uence the dis-\ntribution of B. mallei genotypes. This case also suggests \nthat a strain can persist for ≈1.5 years.\nOther cases in the province demonstrate that infections \neither stem from similar strains or are caused by multiple strains. For example, samples that were placed in the same epidemiologic group cluster together phylogenetically (groups 1, 2, and 4; Table), indicating communal infections similar to the cases described above. In contrast, epidemio-\nlogic group 5 (PRL19 and PRL20) was separated into 2 distinct clades (Figure 2), indicating that this outbreak was caused by multiple strains. Therefore, it should not be as-sumed that an outbreak of glanders is always caused by a single strain.\nConclusions\nOur study suggests that numerous lineages of Burk-\nholderia mallei are present in Punjab, Pakistan, and that \nthese lineages persist across geographic space and time. Despite this, these isolates appear to be genetically dis-tinct from other studied strains. The economics and use of equines likely contribute to the persistence of glanders in this region because modern methods for control of this disease (monitoring and euthanasia) are not viable options. DISPATCHES\n2038 Emerging Infectious Diseases • www.cdc.gov/eid • Vol. 15, No. 12, December 2009Table. Spatial, temporal, and phylogenetic relationships among Burkholderia mallei infections in equids, Punjab Province, Pakistan* \nEpidemiologic group and \nsubgroup designation (isolate \nnames)† Description Clade(s)‡Total VNTR \ndifferences\nbetween \nsubgroups\nGroup 1 \n Group 1a (PRL2) \n Group 1b (PRL11, PRL13) Strains were collected from an outbreak among Faisalabad Mounted \nPolice Horses (n = 18) in June 1999. Biochemical test results (based on \nAnalytical Profile Index 20E strips; BioMériux, Marcy l’Etoile, France) \ndiffered nonsubstantially (data not shown). Therefore, only 3 isolates \nwere evaluated by using VNTR. Strains PRL11 and PRL13 were isolated \nfrom horses that were kept at 2 stables |8 km from each other, but \nthe 2 stables had a history of mixing. A 3/15 loci \nGroup 2 \n Group 2a (PRL42) \n Group 2b (PRL45) Samples came from 2 sporadic cases of glanders in draught mules from \nthe Faisalabad district in 2007. Reports indicate that these animals drank \nfrom communal water troughs available in different zones of Faisalabad. C 1/15 loci \nGroup 3 \n Group 3a (PRL1) \n Group 3b (PRL41) \n Group 3c (PRL7) Samples came from 3 sporadic cases of glanders in draught equids from \nthe Faisalabad district during different years (2002, 2006, and 2000, \nrespective to subgroup listing). Reports indicate that these animals drank \nfrom communal water troughs available in different zones of Faisalabad. B§\nB, no \nclade¶2/15 loci§ \n14/15 loci¶ \nGroup 4 \n Group 4a (PRL33) \n Group 4b (PRL34) Samples were obtained from 2 donkeys that worked and were housed \ntogether in a brick factory in the district of Faisalabad. Samples were \ncollected 3 weeks apart in 2007, and the strains were passaged 3 u in \nguinea pigs before DNA was extracted for VNTR evaluation. A 3/15 loci \nGroup 5 \n Group 5a (PRL19) \n Group 5b (PRL20) In September 2005, an outbreak of glanders occurred at the Lahore Polo \nClub. Two isolates were obtained from separate horses in this group, \nand each isolate had a different biochemical profile (data not shown). A, B 8/15 loci \nGroup 6 \n Group 6a (PRL3, \n PRL4) \n Group 6b (PRL44) From November 2004 to March 2005, two horses from a farm in \nSargodha (PRL3, PRL4) participated in matches at the Lahore Polo \nClub. Horses were returned to their farm in late spring 2005. In the fall of \n2005, there was a glanders outbreak at the Lahore Polo Club (see \nGroup 5 above). In December 2005, the 2 horses on the Sargodha farm \ntested positive for glanders after being housed together during the \nwinter. A mule (PRL44) that was also present at the Sargodha farm \ntested negative for glanders at this time. Approximately 2 years later, the \nsame mule tested positive for glanders after reports of 6 months’ \nstanding nasal discharge. Records indicate the mule was brought to the \nfarm at a young age from the city of Multan and never left the farm \nbefore onset of symptoms. A4 / 1 5 l o c i \n*VNTR, variable number tandem repeats. \n†Samples from equines with similar histories were assigned to the same epidemiologic group (e.g., Group 1, Group 2). Subgroups were defined based on \nVNTR data; samples with identical VNTR genotypes were assigned to the same subgroup (e.g., PRL11 and PRL13 in Group 1b). ‡See Figure 2. \n§Data are comparing subgroups 3a and 3b to each other (PRL1 and PRL41) and excluding subgroup 3c (PRL7). \n¶Data are comparing subgroups 3a and 3b combined (PRL1 with PRL41) to subgroup 3c (PRL7). Molecular Epidemiology of Glanders, Pakistan\nTherefore, other solutions to curbing the spread of glanders \nneed to be identi fi ed. We suggest that a focus on fi nding \nmethods to improve the sanitary conditions of communal water troughs and stables may lead to a practical solution for disease reduction and containment. Finally, our study demonstrates the utility of VNTRs paired with extensive epidemiologic data for analyzing the distribution of B. mal-\nlei genotypes throughout endemic regions.\nAcknowledgments\nWe thank Raymond Auerbach for computational expertise as \nwell as for designing and writing the scripts used for the in silico typing of whole genome sequences. \nThis study was supported by NIH-NIAID grants U54AI-\n56359 and U01AI-075568 and by the US Department of Home-land Security S&T CB Division of Bioforensics R&D Program to P.K.\n Ms Hornstra is a research project coordinator at the Micro-\nbial Genetics and Genomics Center at Northern Arizona Univer-sity in Flagstaff. Her research interests focus on genetic diversity and evolutionary history of Burkholderia mallei , B. pseudomallei , \nand Coxiella burnetii .\nReferences\n 1. M’Fadyean J. Glanders. J Comp Pathol Ther. 1904;17:295–317.\n 2. Waag DM, DeShazer D. Glanders: new insights into an old disease. \nIn: Lindler LE, Lebeda FJ, Korch GW, editors. Biological weapons defense: infectious diseases and counterbioterrorism. 1st ed. Totowa (NJ): Humana Press Inc.; 2004. p. 209–37.\n 3. Gilad J, Harary I, Dushnitsky T, Schwartz D, Amsalem Y . Burk-\nholderia mallei and Burkholderia pseudomallei as bioterrorism \nagents: national aspects of emergency preparedness. Isr Med Assoc J. 2007;9:499–503.\n 4. Naureen A, Saqib M, Muhammad G, Hussain MH, Asi MN. Com-\nparative evaluation of Rose Bengal plate agglutination test, mallein test, and some conventional serological tests for diagnosis of equine glanders. J Vet Diagn Invest. 2007;19:362–7. \n 5. Michelle Wong Su Y , Lisanti O, Thibault F, Toh Su S, Loh Gek K, \nHilaire V , et al. Validation of ten new polymorphic tandem repeat loci and application to the MLV A typing of Burkholderia pseudo-mallei isolates collected in Singapore from 1988 to 2004. J Micro-biol Methods. 2009 Mar 25. 6. Moore DD. Preparation and analysis of DNA. In: Ausubel FM, Brent \nR, Kingston RE, Moore DD, Seidman JG, Smith JA, et al., editors. Current protocols in molecular biology. New York: Wiley & Sons; 1995. p. 2.4.1–2.4.2.\n 7. U’Ren JM, Schupp JM, Pearson T, Hornstra H, Friedman CL, Smith \nKL, et al. Tandem repeat regions within the Burkholderia pseudo-\nmallei genome and their application for high resolution genotyping. \nBMC Microbiol. 2007;7:23. DOI: 10.1186/1471-2180-7-23\n 8. NCBI. ENTREZ Genome Project. Burkholderia mallei [cited 2009 \nJul 21]. Available from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?db=genomeprj&cmd=search&term=txid13373[orgn]\n 9. Pearson T, U’Ren JM, Schupp JM, Allan GJ, Foster PG, Mayo \nMJ, et al. VNTR analysis of selected outbreaks of Burkholderia \npseudomallei in Australia. Infect Genet Evol. 2007;7:416–23. DOI: \n10.1016/j.meegid.2006.12.002\n10. Girard JM, Wagner DM, V ogler AJ, Keys C, Allender CJ, Drickam-\ner LC, et al. Differential plague-transmission dynamics determine Yersinia pestis population genetic structure on local, regional, and \nglobal scales. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2004;101:8408–13. DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0401561101\n11. Godoy D, Randle G, Simpson AJ, Aanensen DM, Pitt TL, Kinoshita \nR, et al. Multilocus sequence typing and evolutionary relationships among the causative agents of melioidosis and glanders, Burk-\nholderia pseudomallei and Burkholderia mallei. J Clin Microbiol. \n2003;41:2068–79. DOI: 10.1128/JCM.41.5.2068-2079.2003\n12. Pakistan Agriculture Census Organization, Government of Pakistan, \nStatistics Division. Pakistan livestock census. 2006 [cited 2009 Apr 15]. Available from http://www.statpak.gov.pk/depts/aco/publica-tions/pakistan-livestock-cencus2006/lsc2006.html\n13. Al-Ani FK, Al-Delaimi AK, Ali AH. Glanders in horses: clinical and \nepidemiological studies in Iraq. Pakistan Vet J. 1987;7:126–9.\n14. Henning MW. Glanders, Farcy, Droes, Malleus. Animal diseases in \nSouth Africa being an account of the infectious diseases of domestic animals. Third edition (completely revised) including a description of a number of diseases not reported in the previous edition. Johan-nesburg (South Africa): Central News Agency Ltd.; 1956. \n15. Miller WR, Pannell L, Cravitz L, Tanner WA, Ingalls MS. Studies on \ncertain biological characteristics of Malleomyces mallei and Malleo-myces pseudomallei: I. morphology, cultivation, viability, and isola-tion from contaminated specimens. J Bacteriol. 1948;55:115–26.\nAddress for correspondence: Paul Keim, Northern Arizona University, \n1298 S Knoles Drive, Bldg 56, PO Box 4073, Flagstaff, AZ 86011-4073, USA; email: paul.keim@nau.edu\n Emerging Infectious Diseases • www.cdc.gov/eid • Vol. 15, No. 12, December 2009 2039 The opinions expressed by authors contributing to this journal do \nnot necessarily re fl ect the opinions of the Centers for Disease Con-\ntrol and Prevention or the institutions with which the authors are affi liated.\n Aleutian Mink \nDisease Virus \nand Humans\nJørgen R. Jepsen, Francesco d’Amore, \nUlrik Baandrup, Michael Roost Clausen, \nElisabeth Gottschalck, and Bent Aasted\nReports of a possible relationship between Aleutian \nmink disease parvovirus (AMDV) and human infection are rare. However, 2 mink farmers with vascular disease and microangiopathy similar to that in mink with Aleutian disease were found to have AMDV-speci fi c antibodies and \nAMDV DNA. These fi ndings raise the suspicion that AMDV \nmay play a role in human disease.\nAutonomous parvoviruses, such as Aleutian mink dis-\nease virus (AMDV), cause a broad spectrum of dis-\neases in animals and man. Acute disease manifests itself as a lytic infection of rapidly dividing cells; chronic dis-ease re fl ects a restricted or abortive infection of speci fi c \ncell types ( 1). Aleutian disease (AD) is known to produce \nclinical signs in mink and ferrets only ( 2,3), although other \nmammals have reportedly been antibody positive.\nIn adult mink, AD is a persistent, slowly progressive \nAMDV infection in which a dysregulated immune system and a postinfectious antibody response cause an immune complex–mediated vasculitis ( 2). Perivascular and glomer-\nular immune complexes ( 2,4,5) can cause membranoprolif-\nerative glomerulonephritis ( 6) and segmental or circumfer-\nential arteritis ( 4) with mononuclear in fi ltration, fi brinoid \nnecrosis and deposits, and increased intimal cellularity. Mononuclear cells may surround the vessel, and connec-tive tissue proliferation and necrosis in the tunica elastica media narrow the lumen ( 7). In mink kits, AD causes an \nacute cytopathic infection of alveolar cells, which leads to respiratory distress and death ( 8). \nReports of a possible relationship between AMDV and \nhuman infection are rare ( 9). Histopathologic features like \nthose in AMDV-infected mink have been described for 2 patients in the early 1960s ( 10). Exposed laboratory work-\ners have had persistent anti-AMDV antibodies for up to 18 months; however, injection of their antibody-positive blood into Aleutian mink caused neither lesions nor AMDV-anti-\nbody production ( 11). In vitro studies have demonstrated a \npermissive infection (production of infectious progeny) of human macrophages with the Utah I strain of AMDV ( 12). \nWe report fi nding anti-AMDV antibodies and AMDV ge-\nnome in tissue from 2 mink farmers with relevant virus ex-posure and clinical disease similar to that in mink with AD. \nThe Study\nWe examined AMDV antibody from each of the 2 \npatients by countercurrent and line electrophoresis ( 13). \nAMDV DNA was identi fi ed by standard and nested PCR. \nDNA was extracted from lymph nodes (patient 1) and from peripheral blood and bone marrow (patient 2) before ampli-fi cation with AMDV-speci fi c primers. AMDV DNA was \nidenti fi ed by 2 different sets of primers in the standard PCR \n(5–600 bp) and with 2 complete different internal primers in the nested PCR (200 bp). PCR products were cloned, and some clones were sequenced to con fi rm the presence \nof AMDV DNA. All PCR reactions were done with ap-propriate controls.\nPatient 1 was a mink farmer who had been exposed \nto AMDV-infected mink for 10 years. When he was 22 years of age, toe ulceration and claudication developed. Arteriography showed bilateral occlusions of several lower limb arteries and associated development of a col-lateral network of vessels. At the age of 25, he underwent embolectomy, and the removed tissue showed vessel wall infl ammation with a granulomatous appearance but no \nnecrotizing lesions or epitheloid or eosinophilic in fi ltra-\ntion. Over the next 10 years, despite surgical attempts to revascularize and treatment with anticoagulant drugs, his condition deteriorated: his renal, mesenteric, and axillary arteries became stenosed, and his right leg was amputated. Antibodies to AMDV were found in his serum at the end of these 10 years and at 2 subsequent measurements after 1 additional year. An abdominal aortic biopsy showed ad-ventitial lymphoplasmacytic cell in fi ltration and minimal \natherosclerosis (Figure 1). A lymph node biopsy sample showed modest reactive changes and T-zone hyperpla-sia, and AMDV DNA was identi fi ed in the sample. At \n35 years of age, the patient had a positive serologic result for anti-AMDV antibodies and severe claudication. Sub-sequent testing 1 and 2 years later showed negative results for AMDV antibodies and AMDV genome. The patient died in 1999, at 40 years of age, at which time his clinical condition resembled that of bilateral pneumonia. No spe-cifi c infectious agent was identi fi ed. Postmortem exami-\nnation showed periarterial collagen deposits, adventitial focal mononuclear accumulations, neutrophil in fi\n ltration \nin the media, fi brosis-related hyperplasia, lipid deposi-\ntion and calci fi cations of the intima, and microabscesses \nwithin intraluminal thrombotic material.DISPATCHES\n2040 Emerging Infectious Diseases • www.cdc.gov/eid • Vol. 15, No. 12, December 2009Author af fi liations: Hospital of South-Western Denmark, Esbjerg, \nDenmark (J.R. Jepsen); Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Den-mark (F. d’Amore, M.R. Clausen); Aalborg University, Aalborg, Den-mark (U. Baandrup); Gl. Ringstedvej 63 D, Holbæk, Denmark (E. Gottschalck); and University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Den-mark (B. Aasted)\nDOI: 10.3201/eid1512.090514 Aleutian Mink Disease Virus and Humans\nPatient 2 was also a mink farmer. He had been exposed \nto AMDV since the age of 20. At 54 years of age, 2 years after an extensive outbreak of AMDV among his mink, he was hospitalized for chronic glomerulonephritis. A renal biopsy sample showed endocapillary and mesangial prolif-erative glomerulonephritis with abundant focal semilunes (Figure 2, panel A). Immuno fl uorescence showed anti-\nimmunoglobulin M and anti-C3 antibodies localized to the renal capillaries. Electron microscopy showed organized fi brillar deposits of stacked microtubules of ≈20 nm (Fig-\nure 2, panel B), consistent with fi brillary glomerulonephri-\ntis (14), an idiopathic condition characterized by polyclonal \nimmune deposits with restricted gamma isotypes. No se-roimmunologic information was available for the patient at this time. Immunosuppression improved his renal function, and he remained stable while receiving continuous immu-nosuppressive medication. Eight years later, patient 2 was readmitted to the hospi-\ntal for diarrhea, vomiting, pyrexia, asthenia, and confusion. Cerebrospinal fl uid contained high levels of protein and \npleocytosis, but no speci fi c infectious agent could be iso-\nlated from the cerebrospinal fl uid or blood. Magnetic reso-\nnance imaging showed an increased meningeal signal over both cerebral hemispheres. Subsequent investigations re-peatedly demonstrated anti-AMDV antibodies and AMDV DNA in peripheral blood and bone marrow. Serum was still positive for AMDV antibodies 2 years later. Despite treat-ment with antimicrobial drugs, the patient further deterio-rated and died in 2004, at age 63, after an additional year of hospitalization. At postmortem examination, the kidneys were reduced in size with evidence of cortical attenuation. Increased mesangial hypercellularity was observed. An ad-enocarcinoma of the right lung had metastasized to the su-\n Emerging Infectious Diseases • www.cdc.gov/eid • Vol. 15, No. 12, December 2009 2041 \nFigure 1. Histopathologic appearance of abdominal aortic biopsy \nsample from 35-year-old mink farmer in Denmark who had been exposed to Aleutian mink disease parvovirus −infected mink for 10 \nyears (patient 1). A) Perivascular, adventitial lymphoplasmacytoid infi ltration. Original magni fi cation ×4. B) Minimal atherosclerotic \nchanges. Original magni fi cation ×20.\nFigure 2. Histopathologic appearance of renal biopsy sample \nfrom 54-year-old mink farmer in Denmark who had been exposed to Aleutian mink disease parvovirus −infected mink for 34 years \n(patient 2). A) Glomeruli with hypercellularity and crescents. Original magni fi cation ×20. B) Electron microscopy showing \ndistinct extracellular deposits of coarse 20-nm fi brils (microtubular \nstructures) characterized as immunotactoid glomerulopathy. Original magni fi cation ×100,000. prarenal glands, liver, and mesenterium. Coronary arteries \nand the aorta were moderately atherosclerotic.\nConclusions\nThe clinical history, histopathologic features, and mo-\nlecular fi ndings for the 2 mink farmers exposed to AMDV \nwere similar to those described for AD in mink. The com-bination of clinical and laboratory fi ndings is unique for \nthese patients compared with previous reports. These 2 patients had micro- and macroangiopathic lesions and prolonged persistence of serum antibodies to AMDV and AMDV DNA.\nOn the basis of its early onset, dissemination, and se-\nverity, the slight atherosclerosis found in some histopato-logic specimens from patient 1 represent a consequence of the pre-existing arteritis rather than a primary condition. Buerger disease is unlikely on the basis of cytopathologic and histopathologic fi ndings, and other vasculitic disorders \nwere excluded on the basis of serologic fi ndings. The ar-\nteritis was similar to the autoimmune vascular lesions ac-companying AD in mink with adventitial lymphocytic in-fi ltration ( 4). The histopathologic fi ndings for patient 2, in \nwhom the autoimmune glomerulonephritis was diagnosed 8 years before the fi rst measurement of anti-AMDV anti-\nbodies, resembled the immune complex–mediated glom-erulonephritis in mink with AD ( 6).\nFor patient 1, anti-AMDV antibodies persisted 4 years \nfrom his last exposure to mink, exceeding the longest re-ported duration of positive AMDV response in a human in the absence of virus exposure ( 11). Similarly, patient 2 \nhad a long-lasting antibody response, although under po-tentially persisting exposure. The persistence of anti-AM-DV antibodies in patient 2 may re fl ect host-related factors \nin the modulation of immune response to chronic antigen stimulation. In mink, host-related factors in fl uence their \nsusceptibility to AMDV infection and correlate with clini-cal manifestations from an asymptomatic condition to overt disease. One may speculate whether the overrepresentation of malignant lymphoma in mink farmers could re fl ect a part \nof a disease spectrum paralleling monoclonal plasma cell proliferation in mink ( 15).\nThat AMDV DNA was found only in the fi rst biopsy \nsample from patient 1 may weaken the hypothesis of vi-rus replication. However, it may re fl ect technical dif fi cul-\nties with DNA ampli fi cation after paraf fi n embedding of \nthe specimen or a possible later clearance of the virus from infected tissues. Regardless, we have described our clinico-pathologic and molecular fi ndings with the goal of raising \nawareness about the possible role of AMDV replication in human disease. \nDr Jepsen is a consultant in occupational medicine at the \nDepartment of Occupational Medicine, Hospital of South-Western Jutland, Esbjerg. His research interests include clini-cal methods in occupational medicine, vocational rehabilitation, work-related zoonoses, and occupational upper limb peripheral nerve conditions.\nReferences\n 1. Anderson MJ. Human parvovirus infections. J Virol Methods. \n1987;17:175–81. DOI: 10.1016/0166-0934(87)90080-2\n 2. Aasted B. Aleutian disease of mink. Virology and immunology. Acta \nPathol Microbiol Immunol Scand Sect C. 1985;93(suppl 287):1–47.\n 3. Porter HG, Porter DD, Larsen AE. Aleutian disease in ferrets. Infect \nImmun. 1982;36:379–86.\n 4. Porter DD, Larsen AE, Porter HG. The pathogenesis of Aleu-\ntian disease of mink. III. Immune complex arteritis. Am J Pathol. 1973;71:331–44.\n 5. Alexandersen S, Bloom ME, Wol fi nbarger JB. Evidence of restricted \nviral replication in adult mink infected with Aleutian disease of mink parvovirus. J Virol. 1988;62:1495–517.\n 6. Mori S, Nose M, Miyazawa M, Kyogoku M, Wol fi nbarger JB, \nBloom ME. Emerging concepts in the pathogenesis of Aleutian mink disease: identi fi cation of the sites of viral replication and \nanalysis of two types of renal lesions. In: Yoshida TO, Wilson JM, editors. Molecular approaches to the study and treatment of human diseases. Proceedings of the International Symposium on Genetic Intervention in Diseases with Unknown Etiology. 1990 Nov 30–Dec 1; Tokyo. New York: Elsevier Science Publishing Company; 1992. p. 301–8.\n 7. Porter DD, Larsen AE, Porter HG. Aleutian disease of mink. Adv \nImmunol. 1980;29:261–86. DOI: 10.1016/S0065-2776(08)60046-2\n 8. Viuff B, Aasted B, Alexandersen S. Role of alveolar type II cells and \nof surfactant-associated protein C mRNA levels in the pathogenesis of respiratory distress in mink kits infected with Aleutian mink dis-ease parvovirus. J Virol. 1994;68:2720–5.\n 9. Chapman I, Jimenez FA. Aleutian-mink disease in man. N Engl J \nMed. 1963;269:1171–4.\n10. Helmbolt CF, Kenyon AJ, Dessel BH. The comparative aspects of \nAleutian mink disease (AD). In: Gajdusek DC, Gibbs CJ, Alpers MP, editors. Slow, latent, and temperate virus infections. Wash-ington: US Department of Health, Education and Welfare; 1965. p. 315–9.\n11. Mcguire TC, Crawford TB. Antibodies to Aleutian disease virus in \nhuman sera. J Infect Dis. 1980;142:625.\n12. Kanno H, Wol fi nbarger JB, Bloom ME. Aleutian mink disease par-\nvovirus infection of mink macrophages and human macrophage cell line U937: demonstration of antibody-dependent enhancement of infection. J Virol. 1993;67:7017–24.\n13. Aasted B, Alexandersen S, Cohn A, Hansen M. Counter current \nline absorption immunoelectrophoresis is an alternative diagnostic screening test to counter current electrophoresis in Aleutian disease (AD) eradication programs. Acta Vet Scand. 1986;27:410–20.\n14. Rosenstock JL, Markowitz GS, Valeri AM, Sacci G, Appel GB, \nD’Agati VD. Fibrillary and immunotactoid glomerulonephritis: dis-tinct entities with different clinical and pathological features. Kidney Int. 2003;63:1450–61. DOI: 10.1046/j.1523-1755.2003.00853.x\n15. Wiklund K, Lindefors BM, Holm LE. Risk of malignant lympho-\nma in Swedish agricultural and forestry workers. Br J Ind Med. 1988;45:19–24.\nAddress for correspondence Jørgen R. Jepsen, Department of \nOccupational Medicine, Hospital of South-Western Jutland, Østergade 81-83, DK-6700 Esbjerg, Denmark; email: joergen.riis.jepsen@svs.regionsyddanmark.dkDISPATCHES\n2042 Emerging Infectious Diseases • www.cdc.gov/eid • Vol. 15, No. 12, December 2009 Spatiotemporal \nDynamics of \nHemorrhagic Fever \nwith Renal \nSyndrome, \nBeijing, People’s \nRepublic of China \nLi-Qun Fang,1 Wen-Juan Zhao,1 Sake J. de Vlas, \nWen-Yi Zhang, Song Liang, Caspar W.N. Looman, \nLei Yan, Li-Ping Wang, Jia-Qi Ma, Dan Feng, \nHong Yang, and Wu-Chun Cao\nWe used geographic information systems to character-\nize the dynamic change in spatial distribution of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) in Beijing, People’s Re-public of China. The seasonal variation in its incidence was observed by creating an epidemic curve. HFRS was associ-ated with developed land, orchards, and rice paddies.\nHemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS), a \nrodent-borne disease caused by hantaviruses (family \nBunyaviridae ), is characterized by fever, acute renal dys-\nfunction, and hemorrhage manifestations. Various rodent species are natural hosts and serve as sources of infection (1). Humans usually acquire hantavirus infection by con-\ntact with or inhalation of aerosols or excreta from infected rodents ( 2,3). In the People’s Republic of China, HFRS is \ncaused mainly by 2 types of hantaviruses, Hantaan virus (HTNV) and Seoul virus (SEOV), each of which has co-evolved with a distinct rodent host. HTNV is associated with Apodemus agrarius , whereas SEOV, which causes a \nless severe form of HFRS, is associated with Rattus nor-\nvegicus . Although HFRS infection has long been recog-\nnized in many places throughout mainland China, HFRS was fi rst reported in metropolitan Beijing in 1997. Since then, the natural foci have been established, and human \ncases were continuously diagnosed in the new disease-endemic region ( 4).\nThe presence and transmission of hantavirus depend \non the distribution and infection of its animal hosts, which largely determine the incidence and extent of HFRS; such distribution and infection are usually determined by envi-ronmental elements ( 5,6). Ecologic studies in China demon-\nstrated that elevation, precipitation, temperature, vegetation type, and soil type in fl uenced transmission of HTNV ( 7,8). \nHowever, these studies were conducted on a relatively large scale, usually at the county or even province level. Envi-ronmental factors driving variability in HFRS incidence at a fi ner scale (e.g., township) remain poorly understood. \nThe availability of detailed records of HFRS cases and en-vironmental information in the newly established disease-endemic region provides an opportunity to explore possible factors underlying the emergence of the rodent-borne dis-ease. In this study, we aimed to learn the current situation of endemic HFRS in Beijing, characterize its spatiotempo-ral distribution, and identify environmental factors possibly contributing to the incidence of the disease.\nThe Study\nThe study area covered metropolitan Beijing (between \n115°20′ and 117°30 ′ E, and 39°28 ′ and 41°05 ′N), including \n220 townships of 18 districts with an area of 16,800 km\n2. \nThe data on reported HFRS cases were obtained from the National Noti fi able Disease Surveillance System, which in-\ncluded information about sex, age, residential address, and onset date of symptoms for each case.\nA total of 852 HFRS cases were reported in Beijing \nmetropolis during 1997–2006. The annual incidence of each district was calculated by using the fi fth national \ncensus data in 2000 and mapped by using a geographic in-formation system (GIS) technique by digitalizing village, street, and boundaries on the 1:100,000 topographic map of Beijing in ArcGIS 9.0 software (ESRI Inc., Redlands, CA, USA). Each HFRS case was geocoded according to residential address, and a layer including information about HFRS cases was created and overlayed on the digital map. By 2000, the disease had affected all the area of the city. However, the incidence in each district varied during the 10-year study period (Figure 1).\nAn epidemic curve was created to show the temporal \ndistribution of HFRS in Beijing. The annual incidence had sharply increased from 1997 to 1999; thereafter it fl uctuated \naround 0.8 ± 0.2/100,000 persons (Figure 2). Within each year, the incidence varied markedly; most cases occurred in winter and spring, usually peaking in April, although the disease was reported in almost every month (Figure 2).\n Emerging Infectious Diseases • www.cdc.gov/eid • Vol. 15, No. 12, December 2009 2043 1These authors contributed equally to this article.Author af fi liations: State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biose-\ncurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, People’s Republic of China (L.-Q. Fang, W.-J. Zhao, W.-Y. Zhang, L. Yan, D. Feng, H. Yang, W.-C. Cao); University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands (L.-Q. Fang, S.J. de Vlas, C.W.N. Looman); Second Af fi liated Hospital of Chinese People’s \nLiberation Army General Hospital, Beijing (W.-J. Zhao); Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA (S. Liang); and Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing (L.-P. Wang, J.-Q. Ma)\nDOI: 10.3201/eid1512.081078 To study factors related to HFRS spread, we com-\npared the incidence with various environmental indicators. Data on elevation were collected from a digital elevation model. Land cover data were derived from 2005 Landsat 7 enhanced thematic mapper image by using ENVI 4.0 soft-ware (Research Systems Inc., Boulder, CO, USA). Land use types were classi fi ed as follows: built-up land, water \nbody, dry land, scrub, orchard, irrigable land, rice paddies, and forest. Average elevation and area of different land use type of each township were calculated by ArcTools and Spatial Analyst module in ArcGIS 9.0 software (ESRI Inc.). \nTo determine the associations between the number of \nHFRS cases per township during the study period and el-evation, as well as land use type, we performed standard Poisson regression analysis by using STATA 9.1 software (StataCorp LP, College Station TX, USA) ( 9). The percent-\nage change in incidence in response to the value change of the variable by a given amount and its 95% con fi dence in-\nterval and corresponding p value were estimated after cor-rection for overdispersion. The Poisson regression analysis indicated that built-up land, orchard, and rice paddies were signifi cantly associated with HFRS at p<0.05 (Table). The \nincidence rose with increasing coverage of orchard and rice paddies, but dropped with decreasing coverage of built-up land.Conclusions\nSince the fi rst local infection was reported in 1997, \nHFRS cases have occurred in all 18 districts of Beijing, with a fairly stable annual incidence since 1999. The dy-namic change in spatial distribution con fi rmed the focal \nnature of the rodent-borne disease. The seasonality is one of the epidemiologic characteristics of HFRS, and further indicates that HFRS in the region is caused by SEOV with domestic rats, with mainly R. norvegicus as the source of \ninfection ( 10,11) The rat population apparently peaks in \nwinter, resulting in a lagged impact on transmission and DISPATCHES\n2044 Emerging Infectious Diseases • www.cdc.gov/eid • Vol. 15, No. 12, December 2009\nFigure 1. Yearly distribution of \nhemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome, Beijing, People’s Republic of China, 1997–2006. *Per 100,000 population.\nFigure 2. Temporal distribution of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS), Beijing, People’s Republic of China, 1997–2006. Hemorrhagic Fever with Renal Syndrome\nseasonal variation of HFRS. In addition, rats are more ac-\ntive in homes in the winter because of cold temperature outside; this increases the chance for humans to acquire the infection by contact or inhalation of aerosols and secretions from infected rodents.\nOur fi ndings suggest that residents of townships with \nnot too much built-up land but with orchard or rice paddies are at highest risk for infection. The land-use variables (acting as economic development indicators) are likely to be suitable for predicting the presence and distribution of HFRS in Beijing, where the disease recently emerged and economic development has greatly increased. Suit-able control measures, such as removing rodents and preventing them from entering houses and human food storage buildings, should be taken to reduce incidence in this new disease-endemic region. However, the emer-gence and endemicity of HFRS are not determined only by the economic development activities, although they are important environmental contributors to the transmis-sion of the disease. Biologic, ecologic, and social factors such as population immunity level, abundance and infec-tion rate of host rodents, and human behavior, also may affect transmission of HFRS. Further epidemiologic and ecologic studies are required to understand the exact vari-ables contributing to the emergence and extension of the disease during urbanization.This study was supported by the National Science Fund \nfor Distinguished Young Scholars (no. 30725032), Special Pro-gram for Prevention and Control of Infectious Diseases (no. 2008ZX10004-012), Natural Science Foundation of China (no. 30590374), and Beijing Natural Science Foundation (no. 7061005).\nDr Fang is an associate professor at the State Key Labora-\ntory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiol-ogy and Epidemiology. His research interests focus on emerging infectious diseases, principally rodent-borne diseases and avian infl uenza.\nReferences\n 1. Li L-M, Ye D-Q, Shi L-Y . Epidemiology [in Chinese]. Beijing: Chi-\nna People’s Health Publishing House. 2003. \n 2. Glass GE, Childs JE, Korch GW, LeDuc JW. Association of in-\ntraspeci fi c wounding with hantaviral infection in wild rats ( Rattus \nnorvegicus ). Epidemiol Infect. 1988;101:459–72. DOI: 10.1017/\nS0950268800054418\n 3. Dournon E, Moriniere B, Matheron S, Girard PM, Gonzalez JP, \nHirsch F, et al. HFRS after a wild rodent bite in the Haute-Savoie and risk of exposure to Hantaan-like virus in a Paris laboratory. Lan-cet. 1984;323:676–7. DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(84)92187-1\n 4. Zhang XC, Hu JY , Zhou SL, Guan ZZ. Study on epidemic state \nin Beijing. Chinese Journal of Vector Biology and Control. 2001;12:218–21.\n 5. Engelthaler DM, Mosley DG, Cheek JE, Levy CE, Komatsu KK, \nEttestad P, et al. Climate and environmental patterns associcated with hantavirus pulmonary syndrome, Four Corners region, United States. Emerg Infect Dis. 1999;5:87–94. DOI: 10.3201/eid0501.990110\n 6. Langlois JP, Fahrig L, Merriam G, Artsob H. Landscape structure \ninfl uences continental distribution of hantavirus in deer mice. Land-\nscape Ecology. 2001;16:255–66. DOI: 10.1023/A:1011148316537\n 7. Bi P, Tong S, Donald K, Parton K, Ni J. Climatic, reservoir and occu-\npational variables and the transmission of haemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome in China. Int J Epidemiol. 2002;31:189–93. DOI: 10.1093/ije/31.1.189\n 8. Yan L, Fang LQ, Huang HG, Zhang LQ, Feng D, Zhao WJ, et al. \nLandscape elements and Hantaan virus–related hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome, People’s Republic of China. Emerg Infect Dis. 2007;13:1301–6.\n 9. Rabe-Hesketh S, Everitt BS. Handbook of statistical analyses using \nStata. 4th ed. Chapman & Hall/CRC: Boca Raton (FL): 2006.\n10. Jiang JF, Zuo S, Zhang WY , Wu XM, Tang F, De Vlas SJ, et al. \nPrevalence and gene diversities of hantaviruses in rodents in Bei-jing, China. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2008;78:98–105.\n11. Zuo SQ, Zhang PH, Jiang JF, Zhan L, Wu XM, Zhao WJ, et al. Seoul \nvirus in patients and rodents from Beijing, China. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2008;78:833–7.\nAddress for correspondence: Wu-Chun Cao, Beijing Institute \nof Microbiology and Epidemiology, China, Department of Epidemiology, 20 Dongda St, FengTai District, Beijing 100071People’s Republic of China; email: caowc@nic.bmi.ac.cn\n Emerging Infectious Diseases • www.cdc.gov/eid • Vol. 15, No. 12, December 2009 2045 Table. Poisson regression analysis of environmental factors in \nrelation to HFRS incidence in Beijing, People’s Republic of \nChina* \nVariable (unit)† % Change‡ 95% CI p value \nElevation (10 m) í0.47 í15.9 to 17.8 0.96 \nBuilt-up land (1%) í0.82 í1.50 to 0.14 0.02 \nWater body (1%) í0.29 í5.88 to 5.63 0.92 \nDry land (1%) 1.44 í0.21 to 3.12 0.09 \nScrub (1%) í1.26 í4.66 to 2.52 0.48 \nOrchard (1%) 4.33 1.71 to 7.00 <0.01 \nIrrigable land (1%) 1.22 í0.10 to 2.56 0.07 \nRice paddies (1%) 27.8 4.4 to 56.3 0.02 \nForest (1%) 0.60 í0.52 to 1.73 0.30 \n*HFRS, hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome; CI, confidence interval. \n†Built-up land comprised human residences, industrial land, and land \noccupied by all kinds of roads. Water body comprised lakes, reservoirs, \nponds, and watercourses of all kinds. Dry land comprised nonirrigated fields for planting crops. Scrub comprised bushes and shrubs. Orchards were areas producing fruits and raw materials for industry or for beverages. Irrigable land comprised fields under irrigation for planting \ncrops. Rice paddies were fields for planting rice. Forest included areas \nwith dense trees. ‡Percentage change in incidence rate if the value of the variable changed by the given amount. \nUse of trade names is for identi fi cation only and does not imply \nendorsement by the Public Health Service or by the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Age Patterns \nof Persons with \nCampylobacteriosis, \nEngland and Wales, \n1990–2007\nIain A. Gillespie, Sarah J. O’Brien, \nand Frederick J. Bolton\nTo explore hypotheses for age-related changes in \nthe incidence of Campylobacter infections in England and \nWales during 1990–2007, we analyzed electronic labora-tory data. Disease incidence reduced among children, and the greatest increase in risk was among those >60 years of age. Risk factors for campylobacteriosis in the elderly popu-lation should be identi fi ed. \nCampylobacter infection remains a major public health \nproblem worldwide. The infection is unpleasant, al-\nthough generally self-limiting, and most patients experi-ence acute enteritis for 7 to 10 days ( 1). Approximately one \ntenth of patients with laboratory-con fi rmed cases require \nhospital treatment as a result of their illness ( 2), and a range \nof gastrointestinal, arthritic, and neurologic sequelae add to disease effects ( 3). Although food is likely the main source \nof transmission to humans, most human infections cannot be explained by recognized risk factors.\nIn the late 1970s, when the role of Campylobacter spp. \nin human gastrointestinal disease had been newly appreci-ated, the number of laboratory-con fi rmed infections in Eng-\nland and Wales began to rise; 8,956 cases were reported in 1980 and 33,234 in 1989 (Health Protection Agency, unpub. data). This increase was largely artifactual, re fl ecting in-\ncreased scienti fi c interest in, and testing for, Campylobacter \nspp. and improvements in media and methods for isolating them ( 4,5). The incidence continued to rise throughout the \n1990s and peaked in 2000 at 58,236 cases. The reasons for this increase are unknown; further methodologic improve-ments or increased surveillance activity in that decade can-not fully explain it. Incidence rapidly decreased between 2000 and 2004 (from 57,674 to 44,294 cases; 24% decrease; Health Protection Agency, unpub. data), after which inci-dence increased for 3 consecutive years; provisional total was 51,758 cases in 2007 (Health Protection Agency, un-pub. data). The reasons for these recent changes in incidence are again unknown. To explore hypotheses for changes in incidence related to age, we analyzed electronic laboratory data for Campylobacter infections reported in England and \nWales from 1990 through 2007.\nThe Study\nData on all Campylobacter isolates obtained from fecal \nor lower gastrointestinal tract samples, reported in England and Wales from 1990 through 2007, were extracted from the national laboratory database (LabBase) and stored in a Microsoft Access (Microsoft Corp., Redmond, WA, USA) database. Cases were assigned to 10-year age groups and to geographic areas on the basis of laboratory location (north-ern, mid-country, southern). The season was assigned on the basis of the earliest available specimen date (spring, March–May; summer, June–August; autumn, September–November; winter, December–February). Data on cases of cryptosporidiosis and nontyphoidal salmonellosis for the same period were extracted and manipulated as above for comparative purposes. Denominator data for England and Wales for the same period were obtained from the Of fi ce \nfor National Statistics. Data were analyzed in Microsoft Ex-cel 2003 and Stata version 10 (StataCorp, College Station, TX, USA). Estimates of incidence per 100,000 population were calculated throughout; relative risks (RR) and 95% confi dence intervals (CIs) were calculated as required.\nFrom 1990 through 2007 in England and Wales, \n838,436 cases of Campylobacter infection were report-\ned; patient age was available for 810,632 case-patients (96.7%). From 1990 through 1999, incidence increased in all age groups (Figure 1), but the increase was propor-tionate to increasing age (0–9 years of age RR 1.07 [95% CI 1.03–1.10]; 10–19 years RR 1.47 [95% CI 1.41–1.55]; 20–59 years RR 1.78 [95% CI 1.75–1.81]; ≥60 years RR \n2.51 [95% CI 2.41–2.61]). From 2000 through 2004, inci-dence declined in all age groups. However, although the degree of decline was similar for those 0–9 years of age (RR 0.77 [95% CI 0.74–0.8]), 10–19 years (RR 0.73 [95% CI 0.70–0.76]), and 20–59 years (RR 0.75 [95% CI 0.74–0.76]), for patients aged ≥60 years, the degree of decline \nwas signi fi cantly lower (RR 0.88 [95% CI 0.86–0.91]; χ\n2 \np<0.001). Finally, although the incidence increased only moderately among those 10–19 years of age (RR 1.02 [95% CI 0.98–1.07]) and 20–59 years (RR 1.04 [95% CI 1.03–1.06]) from 2005 through 2007, greater increases were observed for those 0–9 years (RR 1.12 [95% CI 1.08–1.17]) and those ≥60 years (RR 1.33 [95% CI 1.29–1.36]). \nDuring the surveillance period, therefore, the incidence among patients >60 years of age, compared with the in-cidence among younger patients, increased markedly (RR 0.45 [95% CI 0.44–0.47] in 1990 to RR 1.17 [95% CI DISPATCHES\n2046 Emerging Infectious Diseases • www.cdc.gov/eid • Vol. 15, No. 12, December 2009Author af fi liations: Health Protection Agency Centre for Infections, \nLondon, UK (I.A. Gillespie); University of Manchester, Manchester, UK (S.J. O’Brien); and Regional Health Protection Agency Labora-tory, Manchester (F.J. Bolton)\nDOI: 10.3201/eid1512.090280 Campylobacteriosis, England and Wales, 1990–2007\n1.15–1.19] in 2007). This effect was observed for campy-\nlobacteriosis in both sexes, in 3 geographic areas of Eng-land and Wales, and in all 4 seasons, but was not observed for nontyphoidal salmonellosis or cryptosporidiosis (Fig-ure 2; online Appendix Table, available from www.cdc.gov/EID/content/16/1/2046-appT.htm).\nWe report a striking change in the population at risk \nfor campylobacteriosis in England and Wales, which is in-dependent of gender, geography, or season. The absence of a similar change in the age distribution of laboratory-reported salmonellosis or cryptosporidiosis from the same population suggests that this is unlikely to be a surveillance artifact.\nCampylobacter infections are rarely typed beyond the \ngenus level in England and Wales, so infections are routine-ly reported as Campylobacter species. Therefore, changes \nin the incidence of the various species that constitute this broad case de fi nition could possibly explain some of the \naltered disease pattern reported. For example, infections caused by certain species (e.g., C. fetus ) are more often as-\nsociated with coexisting conditions that might occur more frequently in the elderly. This circumstance was unlikely to affect the results of this study, however. First, isolation \nmethods used in England and Wales favor the growth of C. \njejuni and C. coli (4,5) over that of other species, including \nC. fetus . Furthermore, C. fetus normally causes systemic \ninfections detected through blood culture, and the propor-tion of blood isolations of Campylobacter species in pa-\ntients ≥60 years of age reported in England and Wales re-\nmained constant from 1990 through 1999 (275/58,139 fecal\n \nisolations; 0.47%), from 2000 through 2004 (185/44,349; 0.42%), and from 2005 through 2007 (135/31,637; 0.42%) (Health Protection Agency, unpub. data).\nWhen disease incidence was ranked according to spe-\ncifi c population group, children 0–9 years of age had the \nhighest ranking in 1990, but by 2007, incidence for this age group ranked seventh of 9 age groups. Incidence among children <10 years declined most rapidly from 1998 to 2003. This fi nding led to the hypothesis that the introduc-\ntion and increased utilization of NHS Direct (a 24-hour telephone, online, and interactive digital TV service, which provided health advice and information) at this time had a “triage effect” on primary care presentation for this age group. The 2 events are correlated in time (initial NHS Di-rect pilot sites began taking calls in March 1998; by April 1999, 40% of the population of England had access, and by November 2000, the service was available throughout England and Wales [ 6]), NHS Direct has had a demon-\nstrable negative effect on the use of general practice ( 7), \nand infants and young children are overrepresented among calls to NHS Direct about gastrointestinal conditions ( 8). \nThe second Infectious Intestinal Disease study in England, currently under way ( 9), will provide further information \nupon which to assess this hypothesis, which is not readily testable by using laboratory data.\nBy far the most striking fi nding of this study is the \nemergence of older persons as the population most at risk for campylobacteriosis in England and Wales. Although the elderly were not the only group at risk in 2007 (because of increasing incidence), the overall trend singles them out \n Emerging Infectious Diseases • www.cdc.gov/eid • Vol. 15, No. 12, December 2009 2047 020406080100120140160\n1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007No. cases/100,000 population\n0–9 y 10–19 20–29 30–39 40–49\n50–59 60–69 70–79 >80\nFigure 1. Incidence of laboratory-reported campylobacteriosis, \nEngland and Wales, by age group, 1990–2007.\n01234\n1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007Relative incidenceMen\nWomen\nNorthern\nMid-country\nSouthern\nSpring\nSummer\nFall\nWinter\nSalmonellosis\nCryptosporidiosisFigure 2. Relative incidence of campylobac-\nteriosis by sex, region, and season, compared with rates of salmonellosis and cryptosporidiosis, among patients >60 years of age, England and Wales, 1991–2007. Northern, northwest, northeast, as well as Yorkshire and the Humber regions; mid-country, Wales, West Midlands, East Midlands, and East of England regions; southern, London as well as southeast and southwest regions. Salmonellosis includes nontyphoidal salmonellae, with age data available for 356,270 of 380,915 case-patients (94%); cryptosporidiosis includes age data for 76,462 of 79,808 case-patients (96%). as the main emerging at-risk group (the increase in other \nage groups requires continued monitoring, however). The pattern of infection in older patients is perhaps predict-able, given the similar pattern for incidence of listeriosis in England and Wales since 2001 ( 10). As life expectancy \nincreases in the United Kingdom, the number of persons living with chronic conditions is likely to increase; these factors suggest that the incidence of campylobacteriosis in older persons will continue to increase in the future. There-fore, risk factors for Campylobacter infection speci fi c to \nolder UK residents must be identi fi ed.\nAcknowledgments\nWe are grateful to hospital laboratories in England and \nWales for their continued contribution to national laboratory sur-veillance.\nDr Gillespie is an epidemiologist in the Gastrointestinal, \nEmerging and Zoonotic Infections Department of the Health Pro-tection Agency Centre for Infections. His research interests focus on the epidemiology of human bacterial gastrointestinal infections.\nReferences\n 1. Skirrow MB, Blaser MJ. Clinical aspects of Campylobacter infec-\ntion. In: Nachamkin I, Blaser MJ, editors. Campylobacter , 2nd ed. \nWashington: ASM Press; 2000. p. 69–88.\n 2. Communicable Disease Surveillance Center. Campylobacter senti-\nnel surveillance: the fi rst year [cited 2001 Aug 31]. Commun Dis \nRep CDR Wkly [serial online]. 2000;11(35). Available from http://www.hpa.org.uk/cdr/archives/2001/cdr3501.pdf 3. Vandenberg O, Skirrow MB, Butzler JP. Campylobacter and Arco-\nbacter . In: Borriello SP, Murray PR, Funke G, editors. Topley & \nWilson’s microbiology and microbial infections. Bacteriology, vol. 2, 10th ed. London: Hodder Arnold; 2005. p. 1541–62.\n 4. Bolton FJ, Hutchinson DN, Parker G. Isolation of Campylobacter : \nwhat are we missing? J Clin Pathol. 1987;40:702–3. DOI: 10.1136/jcp.40.6.702-b\n 5. Bolton FJ, Hutchinson DN, Parker G. Reassessment of selective \nagars and fi ltration techniques for isolation of Campylobacter spe-\ncies from faeces. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis. 1988;7:155–60.DOI: 10.1007/BF01963069\n 6. Boardman J, Steele C. NHS Direct— a telephone helpline for Eng-\nland and Wales. Psychiatric Bulletin. 2002;26:42–4. DOI: 10.1192/pb.26.2.42\n 7. Munro J, Nicholl J, O’Cathain A, Knowles E. Impact of NHS di-\nrect on demand for immediate care: observational study. BMJ. 2000;321:150–3.DOI: 10.1136/bmj.321.7254.150\n 8. Cooper DL, Smith GE, O’Brien SJ, Hollyoak V A, Baker M. What can \nanalysis of calls to NHS direct tell us about the epidemiology of gas-trointestinal infections in the community? J Infect. 2003;46:101–5.DOI: 10.1053/jinf.2002.1090\n 9. Second UK–wide, community-based infectious intestinal diseases \nstudy. Health Protection Report., vol. 2, no. 21, May 23, 2008 [serial online] [cited 2008 Dec 19]. Available from http://www.hpa.org.uk/hpr/archives/2008/news2108.htm\n10. Gillespie IA, McLauchlin J, Grant KA, Little CL, Mithani V , Pen-\nman C, et al. Changing pattern of human listeriosis, England and Wales, 2001–2004. Emerg Infect Dis. 2006;12:1361–6.\nAuthor for correspondence: Iain A. Gillespie, Gastrointestinal, Emerging \nand Zoonotic Infections, Department Health Protection Agency Centre for Infections, 61 Colindale Ave, London NW9 5EQ, UK; email: iain.gillespie@hpa.org.ukDISPATCHES\n2048 Emerging Infectious Diseases • www.cdc.gov/eid • Vol. 15, No. 12, December 2009All material published in Emerging Infectious Diseases is in the \npublic domain and may be used and reprinted without special permission; proper citation, however, is required.\n Identi fi cation \nof Francisella \ntularensis Cluster \nin Central and \nWestern Europe \nPaola Pilo,1 Anders Johansson,1 \nand Joachim Frey\nWe conducted a molecular analysis of Francisella tular-\nensis strains isolated in Switzerland and identi fi ed a speci fi c \nsubpopulation belonging to a cluster of F. tularensis subsp. \nholarctica that is widely dispersed in central and western \ncontinental Europe. This subpopulation was present before the tularemia epidemics on the Iberian Peninsula.\nTularemia is a classical zoonosis caused by the faculta-\ntive intracellular bacterium Francisella tularensis ; it \nis transmissible to humans at infectious doses as low as 10–50 bacteria when inhaled in aerosols or by inoculation of the skin. Traditionally, tularemia is thought of as a dis-ease contracted by persons performing outdoor activities such as hunting or farming, but it can also be acquired from pets, for example, hamsters or prairie dogs, which are occasionally traded internationally ( 1). During the \npast 15 years, the reemergence of tularemia has been re-ported in several European countries ( 2–4). Spain is a no-\ntable example, reporting 916 human infections from 1997 through 2007 in the Castilla and León regions alone ( 5). \nHowever, tularemia is rarely diagnosed in central Europe. In Switzerland, F. tularensis infection was fi rst described \nin the 1950s, but the pathogen was not isolated until 1996, when F. tularensis infection began to reappear sporadi-\ncally. To better understand the genetic diversity of Swiss F. tularensis strains and their relationship to strains from \nother geographic areas, we analyzed strains from Switzer-land by using several methods that had been previously demonstrated to resolve genetic differences between F. \ntularensis subsp. holarctica strains: multilocus tandem \nrepeat analysis (MLVA), canonical F. tularensis insertion \ndeletion element (Ftind) analysis, and region of difference (RD) 23 analysis ( 3,6,7).The Study\nThirteen F. tularensis isolates collected over the past \n10 years in Switzerland (Figure 1) were subjected to ex-tensive genetic characterization. The species and subspe-cies designations of all strains were con fi rmed by real-time \nPCR that targeted the fopA gene and by ampli fi cation of the \nRD1 region ( 8), which showed that all strains were F. tula-\nrensis subsp. holarctica . A reference panel of 12 F. tular-\nensis subsp. holarctica strains ( 7) and the genome sequence \nof the strain isolated in France, FTNF002 (GenBank acces-sion no. NC_009749), were included in the study to rep-resent the currently known genetic subpopulations within the subspecies. All strains from Switzerland were geneti-cally characterized at 6 highly variable loci (by MLVA) and 14 more stable loci that indicate the classi fi cation F. \ntularensis subsp. holarctica strains into genetic subpopula-\ntions (by Ftind analysis) ( 3,6,7). The RD analysis was also \nperformed because a 1.59-kb deletion marker, RD23, was reported to be restricted to strains from France and Spain (3). The MLVA markers (M3, M6, M20, M21, M22, and \nM24) and Ftind markers (Ftind 25–38) were ampli fi ed by \nPCR and then sequenced with an ABI Prism 3100 genet-ic analyzer (Applied Biosystems, Foster City, CA, USA) and the BigDye Terminator cycle sequencing kit (Applied Biosystems). DNA fragment sizes were calculated from the nucleotide sequences of the MLVA and Ftind markers and used to compare the isolates with previously analyzed strains from the United States, Japan, France, and Russia (3,7). The RD23 marker was assayed by using standard \nPCR and agarose gel methods as previously described ( 3). \nA cluster analysis based on the MLVA and indel size data was performed by using BioNumerics version 3.5 (Applied Maths, Kortrjik, Belgium).\n Emerging Infectious Diseases • www.cdc.gov/eid • Vol. 15, No. 12, December 2009 2049 1These authors contributed equally to this work.Author af fi liations: University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland (P. Pilo, \nJ. Frey); Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden (A. Johansson); and Swedish Defence Research Agency, Umeå (A. Johansson)\nDOI: 10.3201/eid1512.080805\n99\n85\n88\n81\n8591FSC035 Beaver, 1976, USA\nFSC012 Tick, 1941, USA\nFSC519 Human, 2004, Sweden\nJF3829 Zoo monkey, 2002, SwitzerlandJF3826 Zoo monkey, 1996, Switzerland\nJF3828 Human, 2004, SwitzerlandJF4092 Wild hare, 2007, SwitzerlandJF3825 Zoo monkey, 2006, SwitzerlandJF3821 Wild hare, 1997, SwitzerlandJF3820 Wild hare, 1998, Switzerland\nJF3859 Wild hare, 1998, Switzerland\nJF3822 Wild hare, 1998, SwitzerlandJF3824 Human, 2005, Switzerland\nFSC257 Tick, 1949, RussiaFSC171 Human, 1995, Sweden\nFSC398 Human, 2003, Sweden\nFSC412 Human, 2003, Sweden\nFSC429 Human, 2003, SwedenFSC017 Human, 1926, Japan\nFSC021 Human, 1958, JapanFSC022 Human, 1950, Japan\nCentral and \nWestern \nEuropean \ncluster\nJF4241 Wild hare, 2008, Switzerland\nJF4212 Human, 2008, SwitzerlandJF4128 Human, 2008, SwitzerlandFTNF002 Human, 2000, France\nLVS Vole, unknown, Russia\nFigure 1. Genetic relationships between Francisella tularensis \nsubsp. holarctica strains isolated in Switzerland and strains of \nwider geographic origin. The unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean phylogram is based on the combined Ftind and multiple-locus variable-number tandem repeat analysis. Bootstrap values >80% are given at the respective nodes and were calculated by using 10,000 iterations. Scale bar indicates genetic distance. As expected, the indel markers served to place each \nstrain into major branches of the cluster tree, and the more variable MLVA markers provided the fi ne resolution at the \ntips of the tree. The Switzerland strains belonged to the same genetic cluster as the F. tularensis strain FTNF002 \nfrom France (Figure 1) that in a previous work clustered with strains from Spain ( 3,9). Moreover, all the Swiss \nstrains exhibited the 1.59-kb genomic deletion at the RD23 locus and the unique 464-bp size at MLVA marker M24, which con fi rmed their close relationship to the French \nstrain FTNF002 as well as to other strains from France and Spain ( 3).\nThe fi nding of F. tularensis strains in Switzerland rep-\nresent sporadic occurrences of tularemia without any obvi-ous epidemiologic connection. The strains originated from 6 hares, 3 monkeys, and 4 persons and were collected at different locations in Switzerland over a period of 10 years (Figure 2). The human infections most likely occurred through direct contact with wild animals, through rodent bites, and through consumption of a hare cooked at low temperature. Those isolates could be resolved into 7 dif-ferent genotypes (Figure 2). Four Swiss strains displayed a genetic pro fi le identical to that of the representative French \nstrain FTNF002 ( 3). The other 6 genotypes were closely \nrelated to FTNF002, and all corresponded to the subclade B.Br:FTNF002–00 as de fi ned by canonical single nucle-\notide polymorphisms by Vogler et al. ( 9). This cluster, \nwhich also contained the strains from the Iberian Penin-sula, seems to have spread throughout central and western Europe. Moreover, all the Swiss strains were susceptible \nto erythromycin (MICs 0.25 μg/mL to 1 μg/mL), which is \na phenotypic marker that has previously been suggested to divide F. tularensis subsp. holarctica strains into 2 taxo-\nnomic groups ( 10–12 ).\nConclusions\nStrains of F. tularensis from Switzerland (central Eu-\nrope) genetically clustered with strains from France and Spain (western Europe) as determined by the unique 464-bp genetic marker M24 and a speci fi c deletion at marker \nRD23. Furthermore, strains within the cluster differed at only 2 MLVA markers,and 4 other MLVA and 14 Ftind markers were identical. In a previous study that included strains from the 1997–1998 tularemia outbreak in Spain, the speci fi c M24 allele and the RD23 deletion were found \nin 49 of 49 strains from Spain and France but in only 1 of 189 strains from 7 northern and eastern European coun-tries and Japan ( 3). The tularemia outbreak of 1997–1998 \nin Spain, which resulted in >500 human cases ( 5), was \nthus caused by F. tularensis strains that were genetically \nclosely related to strains recovered in Switzerland from 1996 onwards, before the beginning of the outbreaks in Spain. This genetic relationship shows that factors other than the presence or introduction of a speci fi c clone of \nthe infectious agent per se determined the magnitude of the tularemia outbreaks in Spain. For epidemiologists to understand the distribution of F. tularensis (and other \nrare disease agents) in the environment and their propaga-tion across national and geographic borders, surveillance programs that include molecular analyses of these agents should be undertaken in multiple countries, and the result-ing data should be shared internationally.\nAcknowledgments\nWe thank M. Wittenbrink for the gift of strains and A. Tärn-\nvik for critical comments on the manuscript.\nThis work was supported by grants from the Swiss Federal \nOffi ce of Public Health, the Medical Faculty at Umeå University, \nVästerbottens läns landsting, and the Swedish Defense Research Agency. \nDr Pilo is a research associate at the Institute for Veterinary \nBacteriology, University of Bern, Switzerland. Her primary re-search interest is host–pathogen interactions.\nReferences\n 1. Avashia SB, Petersen JM, Lindley CM, Schriefer ME, Gage KL, \nCetron M, et al. First reported prairie dog–to-human tularemia trans-mission, Texas, 2002. Emerg Infect Dis. 2004;10:483–6.\n 2. Siret V , Barataud D, Prat M, Vaillant V , Ansart S, Le Coustumier A, \net al. An outbreak of airborne tularaemia in France, August 2004. Euro Surveill. 2006;11:58–60.DISPATCHES\n2050 Emerging Infectious Diseases • www.cdc.gov/eid • Vol. 15, No. 12, December 2009\nFigure 2. Geographic distribution of Francisella tularensis subsp. \nholarctica strains of the central and western European genetic \ncluster isolated in Switzerland. Dots represent the geographic origin of the isolates (from 7 Swiss cantons). The dashed line indicates the Alps. Strains of the subclade B.Br:FTNF002–00 are known to be present in France and Spain. Francisella tularensis Cluster in Europe\n 3. Dempsey MP, Dobson M, Zhang C, Zhang M, Lion C, Gutiérrez-\nMartín CB, et al. Genomic deletion marking an emerging subclone of Francisella tularensis subsp. holarctica in France and the Ibe-\nrian Peninsula. Appl Environ Microbiol. 2007;73:7465–70. DOI: 10.1128/AEM.00646-07\n 4. Kantardjiev T, Ivanov I, Velinov T, Padeshki P, Popov B, Nenova R, \net al. Tularemia outbreak, Bulgaria, 1997–2005. Emerg Infect Dis. 2006;12:678–80.\n 5. Martin C, Gallardo MT, Mateos L, Vián E, García MJ, Ramos J, et \nal. Outbreak of tularaemia in Castilla y León, Spain. Euro Surveill. 2007;12:E071108.1.\n 6. Johansson A, Farlow J, Larsson P, Dukerich M, Chambers E, \nByström M, et al. Worldwide genetic relationships among Franci-\nsella tularensis isolates determined by multiple-locus variable-num-\nber tandem repeat analysis. J Bacteriol. 2004;186:5808–18. DOI: 10.1128/JB.186.17.5808-5818.2004\n 7. Larsson P, Svensson K, Karlsson L, Guala D, Granberg M, Forsman \nM, et al. Canonical insertion-deletion markers for rapid DNA typing of Francisella tularensis. Emerg Infect Dis. 2007;13:1725–32.\n 8. Broekhuijsen M, Larsson P, Johansson A, Bystrom M, Eriksson U, \nLarsson E, et al. Genome-wide DNA microarray analysis of Fran-\ncisella tularensis strains demonstrates extensive genetic conserva-\ntion within the species but identi fi es regions that are unique to the \nhighly virulent F . tularensis subsp. tularensis. J Clin Microbiol. \n2003;41:2924–31. DOI: 10.1128/JCM.41.7.2924-2931.2003 9. V ogler AJ, Birdsell D, Price LB, Bowers JR, Beckstrom-Sternberg \nSM, Auerbach RK, et al. Phylogeography of Francisella tularensis : \nglobal expansion of a highly fi t clone. J Bacteriol. 2009;191:2474–\n84. DOI: 10.1128/JB.01786-08\n10. Urich SK, Petersen JM. In vitro susceptibility of isolates of Fran-\ncisella tularensis types A and B from North America. Antimicrob \nAgents Chemother. 2008;52:2276–8. DOI: 10.1128/AAC.01584-07\n11. Ikäheimo I, Syrjälä H, Karhukorpi J, Schildt R, Koskela M. In vitro \nantibiotic susceptibility of Francisella tularensis isolated from hu-\nmans and animals. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2000;46:287–90. DOI: 10.1093/jac/46.2.287\n12. Tomaso H, Al Dahouk S, Hofer E, Splettstoesser WD, Treu TM, \nDierich MP, et al. Antimicrobial susceptibilities of Austrian Franci-\nsella tularensis holarctica biovar II strains. Int J Antimicrob Agents. \n2005;26:279–84. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2005.07.003\nAddress for correspondence: Joachim Frey, 122 Laenggassstrasse, 3001 \nBern, Switzerland; email: joachim.frey@vbi.unibe.ch\n Emerging Infectious Diseases • www.cdc.gov/eid • Vol. 15, No. 12, December 2009 2051 \nThe opinions expressed by authors contributing to this journal do \nnot necessarily re fl ect the opinions of the Centers for Disease Con-\ntrol and Prevention or the institutions with which the authors are affi liated. New Adenovirus in \nBats, Germany \nMichael Sonntag, Kristin Mühldorfer, \nStephanie Speck, Gudrun Wibbelt, \nand Andreas Kurth\nWe tested 55 deceased vespertilionid bats of 12 spe-\ncies from southern Germany for virus infections. A new ad-enovirus was isolated from tissue samples of 2 Pipistrellus \npipistrellus bats, which represents the only chiropteran virus \nisolate found in Europe besides lyssavirus (rabies virus). Evi-dence was found for adenovirus transmission between bats.\nSince the recent discoveries of Ebola virus, Henipavi-\nrus, and severe acute respiratory syndrome–associated \ncoronavirus infections, interest in the role of bats as hosts for pathogens has markedly increased ( 1). With the excep-\ntion of worldwide studies on bat lyssaviruses ( 2), most vi-\nrologic investigations in bats have been limited to a particu-lar zoonotic agent implicated in a geographically localized disease outbreak ( 3–5). In the remaining studies, various \nmedically less important viruses have been discovered in bats in the Americas, Africa, Asia, and Australia ( 1,6). As \na result of increasing research efforts regarding bats and infectious diseases in Europe, 2 new virus groups were recently detected, namely beta- and gammaherpesviruses in organ tissue ( 7) and group I coronaviruses in feces of \nEuropean vespertilionid bats ( 8). However, because all bat \nspecies in Europe/Germany are protected by strict regula-tions, the acquisition of suitable samples for virus isolation is rather challenging in comparison to most other parts of the world.\nThe Study\nWe performed an extensive search for unknown vi-\nruses in 55 German vespertilionid bats based on both ge-neric PCR assays and virus isolation techniques, as part of a broader study investigating histopathologic changes in German bats in association with infectious pathogens. Dead or moribund bats of 12 species ( Barbastella barbas-\ntellus, Eptesicus nilssoni, E. serotinus, Myotis daubentonii, M. mystacinus, Nyctalus leisleri, N. noctula, Pipistrellus kuhli, P. nathusii, P. pipistrellus, Plecotus auritus , and \nVespertilio murinus ) were collected at certi fi ed bat rehabil-\nitation centers in southern Germany and were investigated macroscopically, bacteriologically, and histologically.For virologic examination, homogenized organ tissue \nwas inoculated onto VeroE6/7 cells and monitored daily for cytopathic effects. Remaining tissue material was used for RNA/DNA extraction and further molecular analysis by generic PCR assays to detect members of several vi-rus families including fl aviviruses, hantaviruses, coronavi-\nruses, orthomyxoviruses, and paramyxoviruses. The spe-cies of bat involved was determined by ampli fi cation and \nsequencing of the cytochrome B ( cytB) gene, a standard \ntechnique for species identi fi cation ( 9).\nOf the tested samples from 55 bats, virus was initially \ndetected in only 2 adult common pipistrelles ( P. pipistrellus , \nnos. 198/07 and 199/07). A cytopathic effect was detected in Vero E6/7 cells after the second passage, indicating the presence of virus in the cell culture. Puri fi ed supernatant of \nthese cell cultures was subjected to negative-staining elec-tron microscopy, which showed numerous adenovirus-like particles ( Figure 1, panel A ). The family Adenoviridae was \nDISPATCHES\n2052 Emerging Infectious Diseases • www.cdc.gov/eid • Vol. 15, No. 12, December 2009Author af fi liations: Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany (M. \nSonntag, A. Kurth); and Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Re-search, Berlin (K. Mühldorfer, S. Speck. G. Wibbelt)\nDOI: 10.3201/eid1512.090646\nFigure 1. A) Electron micrograph of adenovirus particles isolated \nfrom Pipistrellus pipistrellus bat 199/07, Germany. Negatively \nstained with 1% uranyl acetate. Virus particles were 70–90 nm in diameter with an icosahedral shape. Scale bar = 100 nm. B) Schematic representation of the genomic fragments obtained from bat adenovirus 2 (GenBank accession no. FJ983127) in correspondence to canine adenovirus 2 strain Toronto A26/61 (GenBank accession no. U77082). Genomic fragments were generated by generic adenovirus-speci fi c PCR ( 10) and a virus \ndiscovery based on cDNA–ampli fi ed fragment length polymorphism \nPCR method ( 11). Partial sequence of the DNA polymerase gene \nwas generated from LongRange PCR product. Puri fi ed PCR \nproducts were directly sequenced by using the BigDye Terminator Cycle Sequencing ready Reaction kit (Applied Biosystems, Foster City, CA, USA) and analyzed on an ABI 3770 automatic sequencer (Applied Biosytems). C, clone; P, ≈550-bp nested PCR product. New Adenovirus in Bats, Germany\nverifi ed by the fi rst reaction of a generic adenovirus-specif-\nic nested PCR ( 10). The obtained sequence of a fragment \nof the DNA polymerase gene ( ≈550 bp) indicated that the \nviruses were a novel virus type within the genus Mastade-\nnovirus and was tentatively named bat adenovirus 2 (bat \nAdV-2) strain P. pipistrellus virus 1 (PPV1).\nTo obtain additional sequence information of bat \nAdV-2, a random PCR method (virus discovery based on cDNA–ampli fi ed fragment length polymorphism) ( 11) \nwas applied, which showed >20 adenovirus sequences dis-tributed over the genome ( Figure 1, panel B ). The partial \nsequence of the bat AdV-2 DNA polymerase (3,408 bp; GenBank accession no. FJ983127) was obtained after Lon-gRange PCR by using the Expand Long Range dNTPack (Roche, Mannheim, Germany) according to the manufac-turer’s directions and the following 2 primers: ABS F1-B (5′-AAAAgAggCAAAgCAAgACAgTgg-3 ′) and ABS \nR2-B (5′-ggCgggCAACAAAgACCTCA-3 ′). After repeat-\ned sequence analysis of the partial DNA polymerase gene for validation, we found that the identities of bat AdV-2 PPV1 to closely related adenoviruses ranged from 68% to 74% on nucleic acid level ( Table 1 ), with the closest rela-\ntionship found to canine adenoviruses 1 and 2. So far, the only other adenovirus in bats has been accidentally isolated from primary bat kidney cells of a healthy Ryukyu fl ying \nfox ( Pteropus dasymallus yayeyamae ) (12), which proved \nto have a rather distant phylogenetic relationship to bat AdV-2 ( Figure 2 ).\nOn the basis of newly acquired sequence informa-\ntion, we designed a speci fi c real-time TaqMan PCR \nto detect bat AdV-2 (ABS forward 5 ′-CACAAgTgg\nTgTCTTTgAgAgCA-3 ′, ABS reverse 5 ′-AgAgggATAC\nAAACTgATggAAACA-3 ′, ABS TM 6FAM-CTAACTT-\nggCTggTggAgTgCgAAAC-q). Cycler conditions were as follows: predenaturation (95°C for 10 min), 45 ampli fi ca-\ntion cycles (95°C for 30 s, 61°C for 30 s, 72°C for 30 s), and fi nal extension (72°C for 10 min).\nAfter screening all 55 bats from Germany of 12 spe-\ncies, comprising an additional 11 common pipistrelles, an identical adenovirus was detected in 1 additional common pipistrelle. Moreover, the tissue tropism of bat AdV-2 was investigated in all 3 infected bats ( Table 2 ). Of all tested or-\ngans, bat AdV-2 was detected in high DNA copy numbers in the intestine of all 3 bats with lesser DNA copy numbers in liver and kidneys, whereas the other organs contained lit-tle or no adenovirus DNA. Unfortunately, due to advanced tissue decomposition in most of the organs, including liver, kidneys, and intestines, thorough histopathologic examina-\ntion of the 3 bats was markedly impaired.\nConclusions\nIn contrast to Maeda et al. ( 12), who postulated the ne-\ncessity of primary bat cells to isolate DNA virus from chi-roptera, our isolation of a DNA virus from an European bat in a permanent cell line (monkey kidney cells) proved the opposite. We believe that the rare detection and isolation of viruses might be attributed to the fast natural degradation of bats of the suborder Microchiroptera in comparison to that of other animal carcasses, most likely due to their extreme-ly low weight (2–10 g). Although viruses were not detected by various generic PCR assays from homogenized frozen tissue samples, we isolated a novel virus from a hibernating \n Emerging Infectious Diseases • www.cdc.gov/eid • Vol. 15, No. 12, December 2009 2053 Table 1. Sequence identities (%) of partial DNA polymerase gene (3,408 bp) between bat AdV-2 and selected adenoviruses, \nGermany* \nVirus Canine AdV-2 Canine AdV-1 Porcine AdV-5 Human AdV-26 Simian AdV-7 Bovine AdV-2 Tree shrew \nAdV-1\nBat AdV-2 PPV1 74 72 70 69 69 68 68\n*AdV, adenovirus; PPV1, Pipistrellus pipistrellus virus 1. \nFigure 2. Phylogenetic tree constructed by using a multiple \nalignment of ≈550-bp amplicons, consisting of the partial DNA \npolymerase gene of the novel bat adenovirus 2 strain Pipistrellus \npipistrellus virus 1 (in boldface ; GenBank accession no. FJ983127) \nand selected members of the family Adenoviridae , Germany. \nAlignment was analyzed with the neighbor-joining method and p-distance model in MEGA4 (www.megasoftware.net). Bootstrap values (1,000 replicates) >35% are indicated at the branch nodes. Branch length is proportional to evolutionary distance (scale bar). Adenovirus genera are indicated. insectivorous bat species. This virus was detected in high \nDNA copy numbers in the intestine of 3 bats that died of natural causes.\nThe fact that no other viral or bacterial agents were de-\ntected in these animals suggests a clinical correlation to the isolated adenovirus. Moreover, all 3 bats belonged to the same species and were of similar age. Several days before their death, they were found moribund and subsequently admitted together to the rehabilitation center, which high-lights the strong likelihood of infection in the colony of ori-gin. Cross-contamination during tissue preparation can be excluded because sterilized instruments were used for each animal, and after every incision, instruments were cleaned with 70% ethanol and a Bunsen burner fl ame to destroy \nadhering tissue remnants.\nVarious adenovirus types of the genus Mastdenovirus \ninfect a range of different mammals and cause respiratory, ocular, and gastrointestinal diseases. Here, in all 3 infected bats, the highest copy number of adenovirus DNA was de-tected in the intestine, which suggests a correlation with a gastrointestinal disease. The host range of mastadenovirus-es is known to be limited to a single (or a few closely relat-ed) mammalian species ( 13) with a probable co-evolution \nbetween virus and their hosts ( 14). The acquired partial se-\nquence of the bat AdV-2 DNA polymerase with the closest relation to canine adenovirus (only 74% at the nucleic acid level) and the isolation from a new animal host suggests that this virus is a new adenovirus species within the genus Mastadenovirus . A comparison to the only other adenovi-\nrus found in a bat ( fl ying fox, order Megachiroptera) with \nthe available sequence information of a ≈550-bp fragment \nof the DNA polymerase gene showed their distant relation-ship. This strict separation re fl ects either the co-evolution-\nary development between the 2 adenoviruses (bat AdV-1 FBV1, bat AdV-2 PPV1) and their host families Pteropodi-dae and Vespertilionidae or a host switch of the virus origi-nating from a yet-undetermined vertebrate host. To eluci-date this problem, further research will be necessary.\nIn conclusion, we isolated a new virus from free-\nranging vespertilionid bats, which represents the only chi-ropteran virus isolate besides lyssavirus (rabies) found in Europe. Moreover, the detection of this chiropteran virus can be connected with its transmission between individual bats living in close proximity to other bats.Acknowledgments\nWe are grateful to bat protectionists for bat collection; Jung-\nWon Sim-Brandenburg, Julia Tesch, and Angelina Kus for excel-lent technical assistance; Andreas Nitsche for design of the real-time PCR assay for bat AdV-2; and Ursula Erikli and Alan Curry for their dedicated editorial help.\nMr Sonntag is a master’s degree student at the Centre for \nBiological Safety, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin. His primary re-search interest is the isolation and molecular characterization of human and animal pathogens, with a special focus on emerging viral infections.\nReferences\n 1. Wibbelt G, Speck S, Field H. Methods for assessing diseases in bats. \nIn: Kunz TH, Parsons S, editors. Ecological and behavioral methods for the study of bats. Baltimore (MD): Johns Hopkins University Press; 2009 . p. 775–794.\n 2. Johnson N, Wakeley PR, Brookes SM, Fooks AR. European bat \nlyssavirus type 2 RNA in Myotis daubentonii. Emerg Infect Dis . \n2006 ;12:1142 –4.\n 3. Halpin K, Young PL, Field HE, Mackenzie JS. Isolation of Hendra \nvirus from pteropid bats: a natural reservoir of Hendra virus. J Gen \nVirol . 2000 ;81:1927 –32.\n 4. Chua KB, Koh CL, Hooi PS, Wee KF, Khong \nJH, Chua BH, et al. Iso-\nlation of Nipah virus from Malaysian Island fl ying-foxes. Microbes \nInfect . 2002 ;4:145–51. DOI: 10.1016/S1286-4579(01)01522-2\n 5. Lau SK, Woo PC, Li KS, Huang Y, Tsoi HW, Wong BH, et al. Se-\nvere acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-like virus in Chinese horseshoe bats. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A . 2005 ;102:14040 –5. DOI: \n10.1073/pnas.0506735102\n 6. Calisher CH, Childs JE, Field HE, Holmes KV, Schountz T. Bats: \nimportant reservoir hosts of emerging viruses. Clin Microbiol Rev . \n2006 ;19:531–45\n. DOI: 10.1128/CMR.00017-06\n 7. Wibbelt G, Kurth A, Yasmum N, Bannert M, Nagel S, Nitsche A, et \nal. Discovery of herpesviruses in bats. J Gen Virol . 2007 ;88:2651 –5. \nDOI: 10.1099/vir.0.83045-0\n 8. Gloza-Rausch F, Ipsen A, Seebens A, Göttsche M, Panning M, Drex-\nler JF, et al. Detection and prevalence patterns of group I coronavi-\nruses in bats, northern Germany. Emerg Infect Dis . 2008 ;14:626–31. \nDOI: 10.3201/eid1404.071439\n 9. Linacre A, Lee JC. Species determination: the role and use of the \ncytochrome b gene. Methods Mol Biol . 2005 ;297:45–52.\n10. Wellehan JF, Johnson AJ, Harrach B, Benko M, Pessier AP, John-\nson CM, et al. Detection and analysis of six lizard adenoviruses by \nconsensus primer PCR provides further evidence of a reptilian ori-gin for the atadenoviruses. J Virol . 2004 ;78:13366 –9. DOI: 10.1128/\nJVI.78.23.13366-13369.2004\n11. van der Hoek L, Pyrc K, Jebbink MF, Vermeulen-Oost W, Berkhout \nRJ, Wolthers KC, et al. Identifi cation of a new human coronavirus. \nNat Med . 2004 ;10:368–73. DOI: 10.1038/nm1024DISPATCHES\n2054 Emerging Infectious Diseases • www.cdc.gov/eid • Vol. 15, No. 12, December 2009Table 2. Distribution of DNA copy numbers of bat AdV-2 in different organs of similar size of infected Pipistrellus pipistrellus bats, \nGermany*† \nBat no. Intestine Liver Kidney Lung Heart Brain Spleen\n198/07 +++++ +++ ++++ + – – ND\n199/07 ++++++ ++++ +++ + + – ND\n200/07 +++++++ +++ ++ + – – ++\n*AdV, adenovirus; +, positive; –, negative; ND, not determined. \n†Analyzed by bat AdV-2 PPV1–specific TaqMan PCR. Increasing virus DNA copy numbers are indicated by the number of plus signs, w hich are \nequivalent to multiples of 3 cycle threshold values, starting with values from 37.0 to 40.0. New Adenovirus in Bats, Germany\n12. Maeda K, Hondo E, Terakawa J, Kiso Y, Nakaichi N, Endoh D, et \nal. Isolation of novel adenovirus from fruit bat ( Pteropus dasymal-\nlus yayeyamae ). Emerg Infect Dis . 2008 ;14:347–9. DOI: 10.3201/\neid1402.070932\n13. Schrenzel M, Oaks JL, Rotstein D, Maalouf G, Snook E, Sandfort \nC, et al. Characterization of a new species of adenovirus in falcons. \nJ Clin Microbiol . 2005 ;43:3402 –13. DOI: 10.1128/JCM.43.7.3402-\n3413.200514. Harrach B. Adenoviruses: general features. In: Mahy BW, van Re-\ngenmortel MH, editors. Encyclopedia of virology. Oxford: Elsevier; 2008 . p. 1–9.\nAddress for correspondence: Andreas Kurth, Centre for Biological Safety \n1, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany; email: kurtha@rki.de\n Emerging Infectious Diseases • www.cdc.gov/eid • Vol. 15, No. 12, December 2009 2055 \n Human Trichinosis \nafter Consumption \nof Soft-Shelled \nTurtles, Taiwan \nYi-Chun Lo, Chien-Ching Hung, Ching-Shih Lai, \nZhiliang Wu, Isao Nagano, Takuya Maeda, \nYuzo Takahashi, Chan-Hsien Chiu, \nand Donald Dah-Shyong Jiang\nIn 2008, an outbreak of human trichinosis associated \nwith ingestion of raw soft-shelled turtles was identi fi ed and \ninvestigated in Taiwan. The data suggested that patients were likely infected with Trichinella papuae.\nTrichinosis is a zoonotic disease caused by species of the \nnematode Trichinella . In eastern Asia, human trichi-\nnosis has been reported in the People’s Republic of China, Japan, and Korea ( 1–4). Trichinosis among humans and \nanimals has not been reported in Taiwan ( 1,5,6). Although \nthe major source of human infection is the meat of mam-mals, reptiles recently have been found to serve as hosts for certain Trichinella species. T. zimbabwensis , detected \nin the muscles of Nile crocodiles ( Crocodylus niloticus ) in \nZimbabwe in 1995, is the fi rst species of Trichinella found \nin a reptile host naturally infected with Trichinella (7). No \nhuman infection has been documented. Another species, T. papuae , was detected in a farmed saltwater crocodile in \nPapua New Guinea in 2004 ( 8). A trichinosis outbreak in \nhumans caused by T. papuae , associated with eating wild \nboar meat, occurred in Thailand ( 9). Trichinosis in humans \nrelated to consumption of reptile meat was fi rst described in \nThailand; the source was turtle and brown lizard meat ( 10). \nWe report an outbreak of human trichinosis in Taiwan in which eating raw soft-shelled turtles ( Pelodiscus sinensis ) \nwas the suspected mode of infection.\nThe Study\nIn July 2008, four teaching hospitals in northern Tai-\nwan consecutively reported to the Department of Health of Taipei City Government (DHTCG) and the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) 8 patients in 2 groups in whom fever, myalgias, and eosinophilia of unknown cause de-\nveloped after they shared a common food source in May 2008. Group A, comprising 20 Taiwanese, participated in a festive meal in Taipei City at a Japanese food restau-rant, and were served raw meat, blood, liver, and eggs of 3 of the 5 soft-shelled turtles provided by the host, a supplier of soft-shelled turtles. The other 2 soft-shelled turtles were refrigerated at 4°C and served at the same restaurant to a group of 3 Japanese customers (group B) 6 days later.\nDHTCG and Taiwan CDC jointly investigated this \noutbreak. The restaurant had never previously served raw or undercooked soft-shelled turtles. Restaurant patrons other than those in groups A and B did not eat raw or un-dercooked soft-shelled turtles. Five of the 20 Taiwanese in group A and the 3 Japanese in group B exhibited signs and symptoms 1–3 weeks after eating at the restaurant and were defi ned as case-patients (Table 1). The 15 asymptomatic \npersons were de fi ned as controls.\nThe most common symptoms were myalgia (88%), fe-\nver (88%), malaise (63%), and periorbital swelling (38%). Seven case-patients whose blood was analyzed all had eo-sinophilia and increased serum creatine phosphokinase and alanine aminotransferase levels. Five case-patients were hospitalized. Two patients underwent extensive serologic testing for helminths by ELISA, including tests for Diro fi -\nlaria immitis, Toxocara canis, Ascaris lumbricoides, Ani-sakis spp., Gnathostoma spinigerum, Strongyloides sterc-\noralis, Paragonimus westermanii, Paragonimus miyazakii, Fasciola hepatica, Clonorchis sinensis, Spirometra eri-nacei, Taenia solium, and Trichinella spp. Both patients \nhad weakly positive results for A. lumbricoides, G. spini-\ngerum, and S. stercoralis and strongly reactive results for \nTrichinella spp.\nSerum samples from 5 patients during the acute phase \n(3–5 weeks postexposure) and from all 8 patients during the convalescent phase (7–9 weeks postexposure) were sent to the Department of Parasitology, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan, for Trichinella serologic diagnosis, with ELI-\nSA and immunohistochemical staining. Of the 15 controls, none consented to give a blood sample. Brie fl y, the ELISA \nmicrotiter plates were sensitized with excretory-secretory (ES) antigen from T. spiralis or T. pseudospiralis , probed \nwith a diluted human serum sample (1:200–1:6,400), and incubated with 100 μL of 1:10,000-diluted goat antihuman \nimmunoglobulin G (Fab speci\nfi c) peroxidase-conjugate \n(Sigma Chemical Co., St. Louis, MO, USA). Absorbance at 414 nm was monitored with a plate reader. All samples were analyzed in duplicate. The cutoff point was 3× the mean values of the A\n414 for the negative controls. Immu-\nnohistochemical staining was performed by incubating skeletal muscle tissues from T. spiralis– infected mice with \nthe serum specimens (1:200 dilution) for 1 h at 37°C and DISPATCHES\n2056 Emerging Infectious Diseases • www.cdc.gov/eid • Vol. 15, No. 12, December 2009Author af fi liations: Centers for Disease Control, Taipei, Taiwan \n(Y.-C. Lo, C.-H. Chiu, D.D.-S. Jiang); National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei (C.-C. Hung); Department of Health, Taipei (C.-S. Lai); Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan (Z. Wu, I. Nagano, Y. Takahasi); and University of To-kyo, Tokyo, Japan (T. Maeda)\nDOI: 10.3201/eid1512.090619 Trichinosis and Sort-Shelled Turtles\nprocessing the sections with the HistoStain SP kit (Zymed \nLaboratories Inc., San Francisco, CA, USA).\nIn both the acute and convalescent phases, all serum \nsamples reacted to T. spiralis and T. pseudospiralis ES \nantigen and were positive in immunohistochemical stain-ing (Table 1). The diagnosis of trichinosis was con fi rmed. \nMebendazole or albendazole was prescribed for all patients, and their symptoms gradually resolved.\nWe conducted semistructured interviews with the 8 \ncase-patients and 15 controls in both groups to learn which food items they had eaten at the restaurant. None had eaten raw or undercooked soft-shelled turtles before this outbreak (Table 2). In univariate analysis, consumption of raw soft-shelled turtle meat was strongly associated with infection (p = 0.003). Trichinosis developed in 8 (62%) of the 13 persons who ate raw soft-shelled turtle meat.\nWe performed an environmental study of the restau-\nrant and the soft-shelled turtle farm. No leftover food was available from the restaurant for analysis. The soft-shelled \nturtles were bred arti fi cially and hatched on a farm in Tai-\nwan. They were fed only indigenous fi sh and shell fi sh. \nThe farm used neither imported feed nor feed containing any mammals or reptiles. Microscopic inspection, with a meat-digesting method, of the soft-shelled turtles obtained from the farm 2 months after the outbreak did not show Trichinella spp. After the investigation, Taiwan CDC is-\nsued a press release to describe the outbreak and alert the public of the risk for trichinosis from eating raw or under-cooked soft-shelled turtles.\nConclusions\nThe incubation period, clinical features, and labora-\ntory fi ndings in this outbreak are similar to those of other \nreported trichinosis outbreaks associated with eating mam-mals ( 11,12). T. papuae and T. zimbabwensis are the most \nlikely parasites causing this outbreak because of their abil-\n Emerging Infectious Diseases • www.cdc.gov/eid • Vol. 15, No. 12, December 2009 2057 Table 1. Clinical characteristics and results of serologic assays of 8 case-patients with Trichinella infection, Taiwan, 2008 \nAcute-phase titer† Convalescent-phase titer‡\nPatient\nno./groupAge, y/ \nsex Incubation\nperiod, d Symptoms Eosinophils,\ncells/ȝLT.\nspiralisT.\npseudospiralisT.\nspiralisT.\npseudospiralis\n1/A 60/M 7 Fever, myalgia, malaise 6,825 25,600 25,600 51,200 51,200\n2/A 52/M 6 Fever, myalgia, malaise, \nperiorbital swelling, leg \nswelling 3,815 800 400 51,200 51,200\n3/A 57/M 14 Myalgia, malaise, \ntrismus, tremor 2,713 NA* NA 12,800 12,800\n4/A 57/F 8 Fever, chills, dyspnea, \nmyalgia, malaise, \ntrismus, tremor, \nperiorbital swelling 5,055 NA NA 51,200 51,200\n5/A 62/M 15 Fever, myalgia, malaise 1,421 3,200 1,600 51,200 51,200\n6/B 52/M 8 Fever 4,461 12,800 6,400 51,200 25,600\n7/B 57/M 7 Fever, myalgia, leg \nswelling, periorbital \nswelling, skin rash 8,505 12,800 12,800 25,600 12,800\n8/B 47/M 8 Fever, myalgia NA NA NA 25,600 25,600\n*NA, not applicable. \n†Weeks 3–5 postexposure. ‡Weeks 7–9 postexposure. \nTable 2. Results of univariate analyses of selected food items in an outbreak of trichinosis, Taiwan, 2008* \nCase (n = 8) Control (n = 15) \nIngested food items Ate Did not eat Ate Did not eat OR (95% CI)† p value‡ \nSoft-shelled turtles \n Raw meat 8 0 5 10 – 0.003 \n Fried meat 6 2 14 1 0.21 (0.003–5.22) 0.269 \n Raw liver 7 1 8 7 6.13 (0.51–314.71) 0.176 \n Fresh blood 6 2 7 8 3.43 (0.40–43.28) 0.379 \n Raw eggs 7 1 10 5 3.50 (0.28–188.78) 0.369 \n Raw intestines 3 5 2 13 3.90 (0.32–56.52) 0.297 \n Cooked soup 7 1 13 2 1.08 (0.05–72.50) 1.000 \nRice with cooked eel 7 1 15 0 – 0.348 \nRaw abalone 6 2 12 3 0.75 (0.07–11.43) 1.000 \n*OR, odds ratio; CI, confidence interval. \n†Significant at Į = 0.05. \n‡By Fisher exact test. ity to infect mammals and reptiles ( 13). The ELISA method \nhas limited speci fi city because of cross-reactions with non-\nTrichinella helminths ( 14). Moreover, because of similar \nantigen patterns among all Trichinella spp., the antigens \nprepared with 1 species can be used to detect speci fi c anti-\nbodies in patients infected with any species ( 1). Therefore, \nalthough we detected strongly reactive antibodies to T. \nspiralis and T. pseudospiralis , we could not determine the \netiologic Trichinella sp. in this outbreak without parasitic \ndiagnosis.\nA recent study demonstrated that the 53-kDa recombi-\nnant proteins in larval ES products could provide species-specifi c antibody responses in Trichinella -infected mice \n(15). We assessed the absorbance at 414 nm with a 1:200-\ndiluted serum sample in our patients by using the 53-kDa recombinant proteins expressed from 5 Trichinella species \n(T. spiralis, T. britovi, T. nativa, T. pseudospiralis, and T. \npapuae ). Our preliminary results showed that convales-\ncent-phase serum specimens from 6 of the 8 case-patients reacted most strongly to the 53-kDa recombinant protein of T. papuae . Although application of this method in spe-\ncies-speci fi c human diagnosis requires further studies, the \ndata suggest our patients were likely to be infected with T. papuae. Because we have not yet determined how soft-\nshelled turtles were infected by T. papuae in this outbreak, \nfurther investigation of the potential infectious source is warranted.\nPersons in many parts of the world typically consume \nraw or uncooked reptile meat. Further investigations are ur-gently needed to assess the epidemiology of reptile trichi-nosis and the human risk for trichinosis from reptiles.\nAcknowledgments\nWe thank Yee-Chun Chen, Teng-Ho Wang, Shian-Sen Shie, \nSai-Cheong Lee, and National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei City Hospital, Chang-Gung Memorial Hospital Linkou Branch and Keelung Branch, for their assistance and technical support.\nDr Lo works as a medical of fi cer in the Centers for Disease \nControl and a trainee in the Field Epidemiology Training Program in Taiwan. His primary research interests include HIV/AIDS, parasitic diseases, and other infectious diseases of public health importance.References\n 1. Dupouy-Camet JJ, Murrell KD. Food and Agriculture Organization \nof the United Nations/World Health Organization/World Organisa-tion for Animal Health guidelines for the surveillance, management, prevention and control of trichinellosis. Paris: The Organizations; 2007.\n 2. Wang ZQ, Cui J. The epidemiology of human trichinellosis in China \nduring 1964–1999. Parasite. 2001;8(Suppl):S63–6.\n 3. Yamaguchi T. Present status of trichinellosis in Japan. Southeast \nAsian J Trop Med Public Health. 1991;22(Suppl):295–301.\n 4. Sohn WM, Kim HM, Chung DI, Yee ST. The fi rst human case \nof Trichinella spiralis infection in Korea. Korean J Parasitol. \n2000;38:111–5. DOI: 10.3347/kjp.2000.38.2.111\n 5. Takahashi Y , Mingyuan L, Waikagul J. Epidemiology of trichinello-\nsis in Asia and the Paci fi c Rim. Vet Parasitol. 2000;93:227–39. DOI: \n10.1016/S0304-4017(00)00343-5\n 6. Pozio E. World distribution of Trichinella spp. Infections in ani-\nmals and humans. Vet Parasitol. 2007;149:3–21. DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2007.07.002\n 7. Pozio E, Foggin CM, Marucci G, La Rosa G, Sacchi L, Corona S, \net al. Trichinella zimbabwensis n.sp. (Nematoda), a new non-encap-\nsulated species from crocodiles ( Crocodylus niloticus ) in Zimbabwe \nalso infecting mammals. Int J Parasitol. 2002;32:1787–99. DOI: 10.1016/S0020-7519(02)00139-X\n 8. Pozio E, Owen IL, Marucci G, La Rosa G. Trichinella pap-\nuae in saltwater crocodiles ( Crocodylus porosus ) of Papua New \nGuinea: a potential source of human infection. Emerg Infect Dis. 2004;10:1507–9.\n 9. Khumjui C, Choomkasien P, Dekumyoy P, Kusolsuk T, Kongkaew W, \nChalamaat M, et al. Outbreak of trichinellosis caused by Trichinella \npapuae , Thailand, 2006. Emerg Infect Dis. 2008;14:1913–5. DOI: \n10.3201/eid1412.080800\n10. Khamboonruang C. The present status of trichinellosis in Thailand. \nSoutheast Asian J Trop Med Public Health. 1991;22:312–5.\n11. Dupouy-Camet J, Kociecka W, Bruschi F, Bolas-Fernandez \nF, Pozio E. Opinion on the diagnosis and treatment of human trichinellosis. Expert Opin Pharmacother. 2002;3:1117–30. DOI: 10.1517/14656566.3.8.1117\n12. Gottstein B, Pozio E, Nöckler K. Epidemiology, diagnosis, treatment, \nand control of trichinellosis. Clin Microbiol Rev. 2009;22:127–45. DOI: 10.1128/CMR.00026-08\n13. Pozio E, Marucci G, Casulli A, Sacchi L, Mukaratirwa S, Fog-\ngin CM, et al. Trichinella papuae and Trichinella zimbabwensis \ninduce infection in experimentally infected varans, caimans, py-thons and turtles. Parasitology. 2004;128:333–42. DOI: 10.1017/S0031182003004542\n14. Gómez-Morales MA, Ludovisi A, Amati M, Cherchi S, Pez-\nzotti P, Pozio E. Validation of an ELISA for the diagnosis of hu-man trichinellosis. Clin Vaccine Immunol. 2008;15:1723–9. DOI: 10.1128/CVI.00257-08\n15. Nagano I, Wu Z, Takahashi Y . Species-speci fi c antibody responses \nto the recombinant 53-kilodalton excretory and secretory proteins in mice infected with Trichinella spp. Clin Vaccine Immunol. \n2008;15:468–73. DOI: 10.1128/CVI.00467-07\nAddress for correspondence: Donald Dah-Shyong Jiang, Centers for \nDisease Control, Department of Health, 6 Linsen South Rd, Taipei City, Taiwan 100; email: djiang@cdc.gov.twDISPATCHES\n2058 Emerging Infectious Diseases • www.cdc.gov/eid • Vol. 15, No. 12, December 2009The opinions expressed by authors contributing to this journal do \nnot necessarily re fl ect the opinions of the Centers for Disease Con-\ntrol and Prevention or the institutions with which the authors are affi liated. LETTERS\nExtracorporeal \nMembrane \nOxygenation for \nPandemic (H1N1) \n2009 \nTo the Editor : As the world strug-\ngles with the challenges of in fl uenza A \npandemic (H1N1) 2009, it is clear that treatment options for critically ill in-fected patients are suboptimal because deaths continue to be reported in oth-erwise young and healthy patients. Ex-tracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) is an established therapeutic option for patients with medically re-fractory cardiogenic or respiratory fail-ure. We describe the successful use of ECMO in a patient with complicated pneumonia and\n infl uenza A pandemic \n(H1N1) 2009 virus infection. \nOur patient, a 21-year-old woman \nwho was 4 months postpartum, had poorly controlled insulin-dependent diabetes (hemoglobin A1C level 13.2 mg/dL). She sought treatment at an-other hospital after 3 days of respira-tory symptoms, a productive cough af-ter working in her garden, and a fever >103°F. Her condition rapidly dete-riorated, and she required mechanical ventilation, vasoactive medications, and drotecogin- α (Xigris; Eli Lilly and \nCompany, Indianapolis, IN, USA) for profound shock. \nThe patient was then transferred \nto Ohio State University Medical Center on August 24, 2009; at admis-sion she exhibited hypotension (83/43 mm Hg) and tachycardia (159 bpm), despite having received high doses of vasoactive medications (norepineph-rine 1.0 μg/kg/min, phenylephrine 2.0 \nμg/kg/min). A transthoracic echocar-\ndiograph showed severe biventricular failure (ejection fraction 5%–10%); peak tropinin level was 6 mg/dL. Arte-rial blood gas con fi rmed metabolic ac-\nidosis (pH 7.12, partial carbon dioxide pressure [pCO\n2] 48 mm Hg, pO2 117 \nmm Hg, HCO3 15.3 mmol/L). Despite \nfl uid resuscitation and administration of epinephrine (0.06 μg/kg/min), her \ncondition failed to improve, and she was given femoral vein–femoral ar-tery ECMO.\nA comprehensive search for \ninfectious causes was undertaken. Treatment with broad-spectrum em-piric antimicrobial drugs such as linezolid (P fi zer, Inc, New York, \nNY , USA), piperacillin/tazobactam (Wyeth, Madison, NJ, USA), and doxycycline (P fi zer, Inc) and the \nantiviral drug oseltamivir (Tami fl u; \nRoche Laboratories Inc., Nutley, NJ, USA), 150 mg 2×/d, was started. Re-spiratory cultures were positive for methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus \naureus and Aspergillus glaucus. Naf-\ncillin and voriconazole were added to the treatment regimen. PCR of a bronchoalveolar lavage specimen later identi fi ed pandemic (H1N1) \n2009 virus. The patient was weaned from ECMO on hospital day (HD) 10 and extubated on HD11. Repeat cardiovascular evaluation showed normal biventricular function and no coronary disease. She was discharged \nfrom hospital for rehabilitation on September 15, 2009 (HD 22), with an oxygen saturation of 98% on room air and is now fully recovered.\nThe use of ECMO is an estab-\nlished option for patients with medi-cally refractory acute and reversible cardiopulmonary failure ( 1–3) (Table). \nFor isolated respiratory failure, veno–veno support can be used by femoral vein to femoral vein or femoral vein to right internal jugular vein cannulation. With concomitant cardiogenic shock, veno–arterial cannulation may be re-quired with cannulation of the right internal jugular or femoral vein for outfl ow, and for in fl ow, the femoral \nartery directly or the axillary artery by a surgically placed side graft. Central venous (right atrium) and arterial (as-cending aorta) cannulation is an option but requires median sternotomy.\nThis case is not the fi rst reported \nuse of ECMO for respiratory failure secondary to viral pneumonia ( 4),\nand recently, ECMO was used with \n Emerging Infectious Diseases • www.cdc.gov/eid • Vol. 15, No. 12, December 2009 2059 Table. Relative indications and contraindications for extracorporeal membrane \noxygenation*\nCharacteristics\nCardiac support ( 1)\n Cardiac index <2.2 L/min/m2\n Systolic pressure <90 mm Hg \n Pulmonary capillary wedge pressure >20 mm Hg \n Central venous pressure >20 mm Hg \n Two high-dose inotropic medications (Including intraaortic counter pulsation) \nRespiratory support ( 2)\n Murray score >3.0 based on: \n P a O 2/FiO 2 ratio \n No. infiltrated quadrants on chest radiograph \n Positive end-expiratory pressure requirement \n Pulmonary compliance \n Uncompensated hypercapnea (pH<7.2) \nContraindications \n Advancing age (>70 y) \n Prolonged mechanical ventilation (>7 d) \n Surgically correctable causes \n Pneumothorax, effusions, endoluminal obstructions \n Intracardiac shunts, valvular pathology, incomplete revascularization \n Medical problems incompatible with prolonged survival \n Advanced malignancies \n Contraindications to anticoagulation \n Irreversible neurologic dysfunction (dementia, stroke, hemorrhage) Medical futility (i.e., prolonged CPR, multiorgan failure) \n*CPR, cardiopulmonary resuscitation; PaO 2, partial pressure of oxygen in arterial blood; F 1O2,\nconcentration of inspired oxygen. LETTERS\nlimited success for complications of \npandemic (H1N1) 2009 ( 5). Its broad-\ner use in treating critically ill patients has been limited, however, because ECMO requires substantial institution-al and multidisciplinary commitment for implementation and is typically only available at major medical centers offering cardiovascular surgery.\nAlthough we cannot say speci fi -\ncally why our patient survived, clearly, aggressive and comprehensive empiric treatment, physiologic support, and close multidisciplinary communication were vital to managing the condition of this critically ill patient. ECMO may have assisted in organ recovery and pa-tient survival. However, further studies should be conducted to critically evalu-ate ECMO in the armamentarium of therapeutic options for severe pandem-ic (H1N1) 2009 respiratory failure. \nMichael S. Firstenberg, \nDanielle Blais, Louis B. Louis, \nKurt B. Stevenson, \nBenjamin Sun, \nand Julie E. Mangino\nAuthor af fi liation: Ohio State University \nMedical Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA\nDOI: 10.3201/eid1512.091434\nReferences\n 1. Samuels LE, Kaufman MS, Thomas MP, \nHolmes EC, Brockman SK, Wechsler AS. Pharmacological criteria for ventricular assist device insertion following post-cardiotomy shock: experience with the ABIOMED BVS system. J Card Surg. 1999;14:288–93. DOI: 10. 1111/j.1540-\n8191.1999.tb00996.x\n 2. Thalanany MM, Mugford M, Hibbert C, \nCooper NJ, Truesdale A, Robinson S, et al.; CESAR Trial Group. Methods of data collection and analysis for the economic evaluation alongside a national, multi-centre trial in the UK: conventional ven-tilation or ECMO for severe adult respira-tory failure (CESAR). BMC Health Serv Res. 2008;8:94. DOI: 10.1186/1472-6963-8-94\n 3. Bartlett RH, Roloff DW, Custer JR, \nYounger JG, Hirschl RB. Extracorporeal life support: the University of Michigan experience. JAMA. 2000;283:904–8. DOI: 10.1001/jama.283.7.904\n 4. Lefrak EA, Steven PM, Pitha J, Balsinger E, Noon GP, Mayor HD. Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation for fulminary in-fl uenza pneumonia. Chest. 1974;66:385–8. \nDOI: 10.1378/chest.66.4.385\n 5. Centers for Disease Control and Pre-\nvention. Intensive-care patients with severe novel in fl uenza A (H1N1) virus \ninfection—Michigan, June 2009. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2009;58:749–52.\nAddress for correspondence: Michael S. \nFirstenberg, Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Ohio State University Medical Center, 410 W 10th Ave, N817 Doan Hall, Columbus, OH 43212, USA; email: michael. fi rstenberg@\nosumc.edu\nRespiratory \nDisease in Adults \nduring Pandemic \n(H1N1) 2009 \nOutbreak, \nArgentina\nTo the Editor: We report a mild \nto moderate respiratory disease in patients seeking treatment for in-fl uenza-like illness (ILI) within the \nfi rst 8 weeks of an outbreak of in fl u-\nenza A pandemic (H1N1) 2009 virus (pandemic [H1N1] 2009) infection in the Province of Buenos Aires. The fi rst cases of pandemic (H1N1) 2009 \nin Argentina were reported in early May 2009 in travelers returning from Mexico and the United States. In mid-June, a sharp increase was reported in the number of patients with acute respiratory symptoms who were seek-ing treatment in emergency rooms. By July 9th, the Argentinean Ministry of Health had con fi rmed 2,677 cases and \n82 deaths; most of those infected were residents of Buenos Aires and the sur-rounding area ( 1). When the World \nHealth Organization raised the pan-demic level to 6, >80% of circulating infl uenza A virus in Argentina was sub-type H1N1 ( 2). At the Hospital Central \nde San Isidro, a tertiary hospital of 160 beds in the Province of Buenos Aires, initial clinical evaluation of patients with ILI symptoms included physical examination and, eventually, chest ra-diograph and pulse oximetry. Because diagnostic resources were limited, pa-tients with ILI were eligible to receive oseltamivir with no prior sampling for respiratory pathogens. A standardized form was used for prescription and data collection, including demographic data, history of in fl uenza vaccination, \ndate symptoms began, and coexisting illnesses. From June 16 to July 5, a total of 2,135 patients with ILI were evaluated. The age of patients ranged from 14 to 82 years of age (median, 35 years); 854 patients (40 %) were male. Because of lower respiratory disease, a total of 166 (8%) of 2,135 patients were admitted to the internal medicine ward (n = 139) or to the in-tensive care unit (n = 27). At admis-sion, patients had >1 of the following: diffuse pulmonary in fi ltrates, room air \noxygen saturation <95%, crackles on auscultation. Other clinical manifes-tations were not statistically different from those already reported in patients with pandemic (H1N1) 2009 in the United States, including cough, fever, and sore throat ( 3). The most common \nradiology pattern was basal, and bi-lateral interstitial in fi ltrates were con-\nsistent with primary viral pneumonia. Notably, some patients had clinical radiologic dissociation characterized by cough and pulmonary in fi ltrates in \nthe absence of fever. Median time of hospitalization was 36 hours (range 1–25 days). No signi fi cant differences \nwere observed between the groups of patients that were admitted versus outpatients in terms of age, sex, num-ber of days from initiation of fever to fi rst hospital visit, and history of \ninfl uenza vaccination. A total of 163 \n(98%) of 166 patients admitted to the hospital during the observation pe-riod were discharged with no further complications.\n2060 Emerging Infectious Diseases • www.cdc.gov/eid • Vol. 15, No. 12, December 2009 LETTERS\nPatients admitted to the hospital \nwith pulmonary in fi ltrates were em-\npirically treated with high dose oselta-mivir (150 mg 2 ×/d) for 5 days, other \nantimicrobial drugs, and, eventually, steroids. In 2 patients, the respira-tory disease progressed initially but they eventually recovered; 2 patients (1.2% of admissions to hospital) with acute respiratory failure died. Despite improvement in clinical symptoms at discharge, chest radiographs per-formed on a limited number of pa-tients showed no substantial changes at 72–96 h after admission.\nClinical manifestations of pan-\ndemic (H1N1) 2009 have not yet been fully characterized. We observed a mild to moderate lower respiratory disease in ≈8% of consecutive patients \nwith ILI during the current pandemic in Argentina. A more severe respira-tory disease was observed in Mexico during the current pandemic ( 4) In \ncontrast, early reports indicated that pandemic (H1N1) 2009 disease might be similar in severity to seasonal in fl u-\nenza ( 3). A lack of microbiologic con-\nfi rmation may bias our observation. \nBecause pulmonary in fi ltrates are un-\ncommon in previously healthy persons with ILI, a simultaneous circulation of other respiratory pathogens may ex-plain our observation. Furthermore, early empirical use of antimicrobial drugs could overshadow clinical fea-tures of bacterial pneumonia.\nWe observed an unexpectedly \nhigh rate of lower respiratory disease in adults with ILI during an outbreak of pandemic (H1N1) 2009 in Argenti-na. This fi nding suggests that a unique \npattern of virulence, pulmonary tro-pism, or both may characterize the current in fl uenza A (H1N1) infection, \nalthough we could not rule out co-in-fection with other viral or bacterial re-spiratory pathogens. Considering the evolving nature of in fl uenza viruses, \nthe wide clinical spectrum of pan-demic (H1N1) 2009 should be further investigated.Carlos Zala \nand Roberto Gonzalez\nAuthor af fi liation: Hospital Central de San \nIsidro, Buenos Aires, Argentina\nDOI: 10.3201/eid1512.091062\nReferences\n 1. Alerta epidemiologico situacion de in fl u-\nenza A H1N1 [cited 2009 Sep 29]. Avail-able from http://municipios.msal.gov.ar/h1n1/parte_in fl uenza/parte-62-fecha-09-\n07-09.pdf \n 2. Ministry of Health, Argentina. Noti fi -\ncación al Sistema Nacional de Vigilancia Laboratorial SNVS-SIVILA: Actual-ización infecciones respiratorias agudas virales, todo el pais hasta SE 29 incluyen-do infl uenza A H1N1. July 29, 2009 [cited \n2009 Sep 29]. Available from http://www.msal.gov.ar/htm/site/pdf/Epi-29-07.pdf\n 3. Perez-Padilla R, de la Rosa-Zamboni D, \nPonce de Leon S, Hernandez M, Quiño-nes-Falconi F, Bautista E, et al. Pneumo-nia and respiratory failure from swine-or-igin in fl uenza A H1N1 in Mexico. N Engl \nJ Med. 2009;361:680–9. DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa0904252\n 4. Novel Swine-Origin In fl uenza A (H1N1) \nVirus Investigation Team, Dawood FS, Jain S, Finelli L, Shaw MW, Lindstrom S, et al. Emergence of novel swine-origin in-fl uenza A (H1N1) virus in humans. N Engl \nJ Med. 2009;360:2605–15. DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa0903810\nAddress for correspondence: Carlos Zala, \nAmenabar, 1750 3D, 1426 Buenos Aires, Argentina; email: czala@teletel.com.ar\nSusceptibility of \nPoultry to Pandemic \n(H1N1) 2009 Virus\nTo the Editor: During April \n2009, cases of acute respiratory dis-ease in humans caused by in fl uenza \nA pandemic (H1N1) 2009 virus in Mexico were reported ( 1). By Au-\ngust 21, 2009, a total of >182,166 human cases, including 1,799 deaths, had been reported from 177 countries (www.who.int/csr/don/2009_08_21/\nen/index.html). \nThe origin of the new virus ap-\npears to be a reassortant event of a virus from swine in North America that contained the classic swine, hu-man, and avian in fl uenza genes and a \nvirus of unknown origin that contrib-uted neuraminidase and matrix genes of swine in Europe. On May 2, 2009, the fi rst nonhuman infections were de-\ntected in a swine operation in Canada (www.who.int/csr/don/2009_06_24/en/index.html).\nHistorically, human seasonal in-\nfl uenza A viruses have not been report-\ned to infect poultry, but clinical cases of respiratory disease or reduction in egg production have been reported for domestic turkeys after infection with subtypes H1N1, H1N2, and H3N2 swine in fl uenza viruses and for mul-\ntiple poultry species with subtype H1N1 avian in fl uenza virus ( 2–4). \nThe presence of avian and swine in fl u-\nenza virus genes in pandemic (H1N1) 2009 virus increases the potential for infection in poultry after exposure to infected humans or swine.\nTo determine infectivity potential, \n3-week-old chickens ( Gallus domes-\nticus ) (n = 11), 2-week-old domestic \nducks ( Anas platyrhynchos ) (n = 11), \n73-week-old reproductively active turkey hens ( Meleagris gallopavo ) (n \n= 9), 3-week-old turkey poults (n = 11), and 5-week-old Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica ) (n = 11) were \nintranasally inoculated with 10\n6 mean \nchicken embryo infectious doses of A/Mexico/4108/2009(H1N1). Five uninfected chickens, ducks, turkey poults, and quail, and 3 uninfected turkey hens were contact exposed to intranasally inoculated birds to as-sess transmission potential. Cloacal and oropharyngeal swabs were taken on 2, 4, 7, and 10 days postinocula-tion (DPI) from all birds, and internal tissues were taken from 2 birds on 2, 4 and 7 DPI for virus detection by quantitative real-time reverse tran-scription–PCR (qRRT-PCR) assay \n Emerging Infectious Diseases • www.cdc.gov/eid • Vol. 15, No. 12, December 2009 2061 LETTERS\nspeci fi c for the in fl uenza virus matrix \ngene ( 5).\nTo improve sensitivity because \nof several primer mismatches, we updated the reverse primer to 3 ′-\nCAGAGACTGGAAAGTGTCTTTGCA-5′. Virus isolation in embryonat-\ning chicken eggs was used on a sub-set of samples to verify qRRT-PCR results at 4 DPI. Serum samples were collected on 15 DPI for antibody test-ing by hemagglutination inhibition. Shams were intranasally inoculated with culture media and sampled on 4 and/or 7 DPI. We inoculated ten 4 week-old chickens intravenously to determine pathotype by using the in-travenous pathogenicity index (IVPI). All animal studies were conducted un-der BioSafety Level 3 enhanced con-ditions with approval by Institutional Animal Care and Use and BioSafety committees.\nDuring the 15-day observation \nperiod, clinical signs did not develop in any of the birds; none of the birds died. An IVPI of 0.00 indicated the vi-rus was not of high pathogenicity for chickens. No virus was detected by qRRT-PCR or isolated in chicken eggs from swabs or tissues from chickens, turkeys, or ducks. All chickens and turkeys were negative for antibodies to the virus on 15 DPI, but 1 intranasally inoculated duck had a hemagglutina-tion inhibition (HI) antibody titer of 16. Virus was detected in oropharyn-geal swabs at 2 and 4 DPI from intra-nasally (IN)–inoculated quail (Table), and these quail had antibodies against infl uenza A at 15 DPI. The intranasally \ninoculated quail had heterophilic-to-lymphocytic rhinitis, and in fl uenza \nvirus was visualized by immunohis-tochemical analysis of epithelium and macrophages within the mucosa of the nasal cavity; neither lesions nor anti-gen were identi fi ed in other respira-\ntory and nonrespiratory tissues. Virus was not isolated from contact-exposed quail (Table), and they lacked antibod-ies on 15 DPI.Infection with swine in fl uenza \nviruses in turkeys has been frequently reported, and experimental intrana-sal inoculation studies using 5 such viruses have produced infection and disease with associated contact trans-mission to uninfected turkeys ( 3,4,6 ). \nHowever, infection of chickens by swine in fl uenza viruses has been rare \nin the fi eld, and experimental studies \nhave shown limited respiratory repli-cation after intranasal inoculation but no transmission ( 3,6–8 ). Experimental \ninoculation of ducks failed to produce infection or transmission ( 8).\nRecently, subtype H3N2 swine \ninfl uenza A virus infection with respi-\nratory disease in Japanese quail has been reported in Canada, and such infections have been experimentally reproduced by intranasal inoculation (9,10). However, in our studies, pan-\ndemic (H1N1) 2009 virus was bio-logically distinct from swine in fl uenza \nviruses, failing to produce infection in experimentally inoculated turkey hens or chickens, and only 1 serologically positive IN-inoculated domestic duck. In addition, Japanese quail were in-fected by high dose IN exposure, but replication and shedding was limited to the respiratory tract, and the virus did not transmit to quail by contact, suggesting low potential of poultry in-volvement as an ampli fi cation host for \ncurrent pandemic (H1N1) 2009 virus. Pandemic (H1N1) 2009 virus is un-likely to produce sustained outbreaks in poultry unless the virus mutates or reassorts with existing avian in fl uenza \nviruses. Since the submission of this report, the virus has been detected in 2 turkey fl ocks in Chile (www.oie.\nint/wahis,/public.php?page=single_report&pop=1&reportid=8404). Cur-\nrently, only limited data are available, and it is unknown if pandemic (H1N1) 2009 has changed and acquired the ability to infect and transmit in turkeys or if the 2 cases are isolated events without epidemic potential in turkeys. \nAcknowledgments\nWe thank Joan R. Beck, James Doster, \nKira Moresco, Scott Lee, and Suzanne Dublois for technical assistance. \nThis research was supported by US \nDepartment of Agriculture Current Re-search Information System project 6612-32000-048-00D. \nDavid E. Swayne, \nMary Pantin-Jackwood, \nDarrell Kapczynski, \nErica Spackman, \nand David L. Suarez\nAuthor af fi liation: US Department of Agricul-\nture, Athens, Georgia, USA\nReferences\n 1. Garten RJ, Davis CT, Russell CA, Shu B, \nLindstrom S, Balish A, et al. Antigenic and genetic characteristics of swine-origin 2009 A(H1N1) in fl uenza viruses circulat-\ning in humans. Science. 2009;329:197–201.\n 2. Suarez DL, Woolcock PR, Bermudez \nAJ, Senne DA. Isolation from turkey breeder hens of a reassortant H1N2 infl uenza virus with swine, human, \nand avian lineage genes. Avian Dis. 2002;46:111–21. DOI: 10.1637/0005-2086-2002)046[0111:IFTBHO]2.0.CO;2\n 3. Pillai SPS, Pantin-Jackwood M, Jadhao \nSJ, Suarez DL, Wang L, Yassine HM, et al. Pathobiology of triple reassortant H3N2 infl uenza viruses in breeder turkeys and \nits potential implication for vaccine stud-ies in turkeys. Vaccine. 2009;27:819–24. DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2008.11.076\n2062 Emerging Infectious Diseases • www.cdc.gov/eid • Vol. 15, No. 12, December 2009Table. Results of testing for influenza A pandemic (H1N1) 2009 virus in oropharyngeal \nswabs of experimental quail \nSampling day (days postinoculation) for oropharyngeal swab* \nGroup 247 1 0\nIntranasally inoculated 2/5 (100.9)5 / 5 ( 1 02.8) 0/5 0/5\nContact 0/5 0/5 0/5 0/5\n*Number virus positive/total sampled (average titer of positive samples, mean chicken embryo \ninfectious doses). Test results for all cloacal swabs were negative. LETTERS\n 4. Kapczynski DR, Gonder E, Liljebjelke K, \nLippert R, Petkov D, Tilley B. Vaccine-induced protection from egg production losses in commercial turkey breeder hens following experimental challenge with a triple-reassortant H3N2 avian in fl uenza \nvirus. Avian Dis. 2009;53:7–15. DOI: 10.1637/8199-122707-Reg.1\n 5. Spackman E, Senne DA, Myers TJ, Bulaga \nLL, Garber LP, Perdue ML, et al. Devel-opment of a real-time reverse transcriptase PCR assay for type A in fl uenza virus and \nthe avian H5 and H7 hemagglutinin sub-types. J Clin Microbiol. 2002;40:3256–60. DOI: 10.1128/JCM.40.9.3256-3260.2002\n 6. Senne DA. Annual reports on National \nVeterinary Services Laboratories avian infl uenza and Newcastle disease virus \ndiagnostics. Proceedings of the Unit-ed States Animal Health Association. 2006;110:634–7.\n 7. Thomas C, Manin TB, Andriyasov \nA V , Swayne DE. Limited susceptibil-ity and lack of systemic infection by an H3N2 swine in fl uenza virus in intrana-\nsally inoculated chickens. Avian Dis. 2008;52:498–501. DOI: 10.1637/8210-011408-RESNOTE.1\n 8. Yassine HM, Al Natour MQ, Lee C, Saif \nYM. Interspecies and intraspecies trans-mission of triple reassortant H3N2 in fl u-\nenza A viruses. Virol J. 2007;4:129. DOI: 10.1186/1743-422X-4-129\n 9. Choi YK, Lee JH, Erickson G, Goyal SM, \nJoo HS, Webster RG, et al. H3N2 in fl u-\nenza virus transmission from swine to turkeys, United States. Emerg Infect Dis. 2004;10:2156–60.\n10. Senne DA. Avian in fl uenza in North and \nSouth America, the Caribbean, and Aus-tralia, 2006–2008. Avian Dis. 2009. In press. \nAddress for correspondence: David E. Swayne, \nSoutheast Poultry Research Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, US Department of Agriculture, 934 College Station Rd, Athens, GA 30605, USA; email: david.swayne@ars.usda.gov Oropouche Fever \nOutbreak, Manaus, \nBrazil, 2007–2008\nTo the Editor: Oropouche virus \n(OROV) is an arbovirus, Orthobu-\nnyavirus , transmitted among sloths, \nmarsupials, primates, and birds by the mosquitoes Aedes serratus and Culex \nquinquefasciatus . Notably, this virus \nhas adapted to an urban cycle involving man, with midges ( Culicoides paraen-\nsis) as the main vector ( 1). Oropouche \nfever is the second most frequent ar-boviral disease in Brazil, surpassed only by dengue. OROV causes large, explosive outbreaks of acute febrile illness in cities and villages in the Am-azon and central regions of Brazil. An estimated 500,000 cases of OROV in-fection have occurred in Brazil in the past 48 years. In addition to outbreaks, OROV can also cause sporadic human infections ( 2).\nThe Tropical Medicine Founda-\ntion of Amazonas State (TMF-AM) is a tertiary care center specializing in tropical and infectious diseases and is located in the city of Manaus. Syn-dromic surveillance for acute febrile illness has been conducted by TMF-AM since 1998. During January 2007 through November 2008,\n we obtained \nblood samples from 631 patients who had acute febrile illness for ≥5 days \nbut who had negative results at ini-tial screening for malaria (thick blood smear) and dengue (MAC-ELISA). Blood samples were tested for OROV immunoglobulin (Ig) M antibodies by an indirect enzyme immune assay us-ing infected cells as antigen, as previ-ously reported for dengue ( 3).\nFor the indirect enzyme immune \nassay using infected cells as antigen, C6/36 A. albopictus cells were grown \nin 96 well microplates; these cells were infected with OROV (BeAn 1991 strain). After 4 days, the cells were fi xed in the wells with 7% formalin \nbuffered at pH 7.0. The microplate was blocked with 5% skim milk and, after washing the wells, 100 μL of serum \ndiluted 1:400 was added into infected and uninfected wells. After incubation and washing the wells, a peroxidase-conjugated goat anti-human IgM was added; fi nally, the ABTS substrate \n(KPL, Inc., Gaithersburg, MD, USA)\n \nwas added into the wells. The plates were incubated and read on a spec-trophotometer at 405 nm. The cutoff for the test was determined to be the mean of optical densities read in all wells containing uninfected cells plus 3 standard deviations.\nOf the 631 patients in the study, \n128 (20.3%) had IgM antibodies to OROV . The age range was 2–81 years (mean 29.5 ± 14 years), and 77 (60.2%) were women or girls. Most of the cas-es occurred November through March during the rainy season. In addition to fever, the patients had headache (93 [72.7%]), myalgia (90 [70.3%]), and arthralgia (74 [57.8%]). Rash was observed in 54 patients (42.2%), and hemorrhagic phenomena (petechiae, epistaxis, and gingival bleeding) were observed in 20 patients (15.5%). All patients recovered without sequelae and were not hospitalized.\nDespite the knowledge of the oc-\ncurrence of several arboviruses in the Amazon region, most cases of arbo-viral diseases remain undiagnosed, probably because of their generally mild and self-limited clinical mani-festations. Patients usually recover completely after a couple of days. However, even more severe cases may remain undiagnosed, especially because of long distances to health care facilities, dif fi culties in sample \ntransportation, and lack of laboratory facilities capable of conducting the di-agnostic assays. With regard to OROV infections, diagnosis of OROV may be easily confused with other acute febrile illness, including malaria and dengue, both of which are highly en-demic in Manaus.\nIn the present study, an inhouse \nenzyme immune assay for IgM using infected cell culture as antigen was \n Emerging Infectious Diseases • www.cdc.gov/eid • Vol. 15, No. 12, December 2009 2063 The opinions expressed by \nauthors contributing to this journal do not necessarily re fl ect \nthe opinions of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention or the institutions with which the authors are af fi liated. LETTERS\nfound suitable for the diagnosis of \nOROV infections in the acute phase. Thus, a combination of a systematic surveillance for acute febrile illnesses and ef fi cient laboratory diagnosis for \nOROV resulted in the discovery of an outbreak, which would probably have been overlooked if it had occurred in any region simultaneously with large dengue outbreaks or in the absence of laboratory diagnosis. The cases of OROV fever reported here likely rep-resent a small portion of the cases; a much higher number of cases prob-ably occurred in Manaus during the study period.\nThe clinical characteristics of \nmost cases of OROV fever in this outbreak were similar to previously reported descriptions of the illness. Notably, however, 20 (15.5%) pa-tients from Manaus had spontaneous hemorrhagic phenomena (petecchiae, epistaxis, and gingival bleeding) that had not previously been described in OROV fever ( 4–6). Moreover, symp-\ntoms of involvement of the central nervous system were not observed.\nIn recent years, the area of cir-\nculation and the epidemic potential of OROV have increased, and this virus has emerged as a public health problem in Brazil and other countries in the Americas. Presently, OROV is the most common of the Brazilian zoonotic arboviruses infecting humans (7). Further evidence of the spread of \nOROV was its isolation in 2003 from a small primate, a marmoset ( Cal-\nlithrix ), in the state of Minas Gerais in \nsoutheast Brazil, far from the Amazon region ( 8). Considering that midges \n(Culicoides paraensis ) occur in most \nlow altitude areas of the Americas, it is conceivable that environmental de-struction and climate changes could result in OROV outbreaks in the large cities of Brazil, as well as in other parts of the Western Hemisphere ( 9).\nThis research was supported by the \nNational Council for Scienti fi c and Tech-nologic Development (CNPq – grant \n484941/2007-0) and by the Amazonas Foundation for Research Support. \nMaria Paula G. Mourão, \nMichelle S. Bastos, \nJoão Bosco L. Gimaque, \nBruno Rafaelle Mota, \nGiselle S. Souza, \nGustavo Henrique N. Grimmer, \nElizabeth S. Galusso, \nEurico Arruda, \nand Luiz Tadeu M. Figueiredo\nAuthor af fi liations: Tropical Medicine Foun-\ndation of Amazonas State, Manaus, Bra-zil (M.P.G. Mourão, M.S. Bastos, J.B.L. Gimaque, E.S. Galusso); Amazonas State University, Manaus (M.P.G. Mourão, J.B.L. Gimaque, B.R. Mota); Nilton Lins Univer-sity Center, Manaus (M.P.G. Mourão, E.S. Galusso); Leonidas and Maria Deane Research Center, Manaus (G.S. Souza, G.H.N. Grimmer); and University of São Paulo School of Medicine, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil (E. Arruda, L.T.M. Figueiredo)\nDOI: 10.3201/eid1512.090917\nReferences\n 1. Pinheiro FP, Hoch AL, Gomes ML, Rob-\nerts DR. Oropouche virus. IV . Laboratory transmission by Culicoides paraensis . Am \nJ Trop Med Hyg. 1981;30:172–6.\n 2. Bernardes-Terzian AC, Bronzoni RVM, \nDrumond BP, Silva-Nunes M, Silva NS, Urbano-Ferreira M, et al. Sporadic oropouche virus infection, acre, Brazil. Emerg Infect Dis. 2009;15:348–50. DOI: 10.3201/eid1502.080401\n 3. Figueiredo LT, Shope RE. An enzyme im-\nmunoassay for dengue antibody using in-fected cultured mosquito cells as antigen. J Virol Methods. 1987;17:191–8. DOI: 10.1016/0166-0934(87)90129-7\n 4. Pinheiro FP, Travassos da Rosa AP, Tra-\nvassos da Rosa JF, Ishak R, Freitas RB, Gomes ML, et al. Oropouche virus. I. A review of clinical, epidemiological, and ecological fi ndings. Am J Trop Med Hyg. \n1981;30:149–60.\n 5. Watts DM, Lavera V , Callahan J, Rossi C, \nOberste MS, Roehrig JT, et al. Venezuelan equine encephalitis and Oropouche virus infections among Peruvian army troops in the Amazon region of Peru. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 1997;56:661–7.\n 6. Vasconcelos HB, Azevedo RS, Casseb \nSM, Nunes-Neto JP, Chiang JO, Cantu-aria PC, et al. Oropouche fever epidemic in northern Brazil: epidemiology and mo-lecular characterization of isolates. J Clin Virol. 2009;44:129–33. DOI: 10.1016/j.jcv.2008.11.006\n 7. Figueiredo LT. Emergent arboviruses \nin Brazil. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop. 2007;40:224–9. DOI: 10.1590/S0037-86822007000200016\n 8. Nunes MR, Martins LC, Rodrigues \nSG, Chiang JO, Azevedo Rdo S, da Rosa AP, et al. Oropouche virus isola-tion, southeast Brazil. Emerg Infect Dis. 2005;11:1610–3.\n 9. Felippe-Bauer ML, Caceres AG, Silva CS, \nValderrama-Bazan W, Gonzales-Perez A. Two new Culicoides of the paraensis spe-\ncies group ( Diptera: Ceratopogonidae ) \nfrom the Amazonian region of Peru. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz. 2003;98:1051–8. DOI: 10.1590/S0074-02762003000800014\nAddress for correspondence: Maria Paula G. \nMourão, Tropical Medicine Foundation of Amazonas (Laboratory of Virology), Av Pedro Teixeira, 25, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil 69040-000; email: mpmourao@uol.com.br\nIdentical Strains of \nBorrelia hermsii in \nMammal and Bird\nTo the Editor: On August 5, \n1994, a northern spotted owl, Strix \noccidentalis caurina , was found \ndead in Kittitas County, Washington, USA ( 1). A thorough investigation \nand necropsy identi fi ed the probable \ncause of death to be a spirochete in-fection. The organisms were seen in sections of the bird’s liver with use of modifi ed Steiner silver stain and mi-\ncroscopy. DNA was extracted from the infected liver, and PCR–DNA se-quencing of the 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) locus identi fi ed the bacterium \nas a relapsing fever spirochete related most closely to Borrelia hermsii (1). \nThe lack of additional data surround-ing this case precluded Thomas et al. from concluding that this spirochete \n2064 Emerging Infectious Diseases • www.cdc.gov/eid • Vol. 15, No. 12, December 2009 LETTERS\ninfecting the owl was B. hermsii (1). \nYet, in a subsequent analysis using the intergenic spacer region, the owl spi-rochete was included with isolates of B. hermsii (2).\nTo investigate the distribution and \nprevalence of B. hermsii , during the \nsummer of 2008, we began a study at Flathead Lake, Lake County, Montana, USA, where 9 persons have contract-ed relapsing fever since 2002 ( 3–5). A \nblood smear from 1 pine squirrel ( Ta-\nmiasciurus hudsonicus ) captured July \n9 at Yellow Bay on the east shore of the lake (elevation 887 m; geographic co-ordinates 47°52 ′35′′N, 114°01 ′54′′W) \ncontained spirochetes detected when stained with Giemsa and examined by microscopy (600× bright fi eld with \noil immersion). Whole blood from the squirrel contained live spirochetes vis-ible by dark- fi eld microscopy, and ≈50 \nμL of this blood was injected intrap-\neritoneally into a laboratory mouse. The next day, a few spirochetes were observed in the peripheral blood of the mouse, and during the next 3 days, the density of spirochetes increased. We used intracardiac puncture to collect blood from the mouse for spirochete isolation in BSK-H medium (Sigma-Aldrich, St Louis, MO, USA) and for analysis by PCR and DNA sequencing of multiple bacterial loci as described elsewhere ( 4,6).\n The spirochetes observed in \nthe squirrel’s blood failed to grow in BSK-H medium after passage in the \nlaboratory mouse; however, we ac-quired DNA sequences from infected squirrel and mouse blood from PCR amplicons for 6 spirochete loci in-cluding 16S rDNA , fl aB, gyrB , glpQ , \nIGS, and vtp. Sequences for the loci \nwere each aligned with homologous sequences from other borrelia in our collection, and each locus grouped the spirochete within the 2 genomic groups of B. hermsii described previ-\nously ( 4,6). The unique squirrel spiro-\nchete differed from all other B. hermsii \nidenti fi ed in our previous studies; deep \nbranches in each phylogram grouped the spirochete more closely with B. \nhermsii genomic group I than with ge-\nnomic group II (data not shown).\nNext, we compared the sequenc-\nes from the squirrel spirochete with those available in the National Cen-ter for Biotechnology Information database (www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov) , \nincluding those sequences reported for the spirochete found in the spot-ted owl (AY515269.1, AF116903.1, AF116904.1) ( 1,2). The 3 trimmed \nand aligned sequences for the 16S \nrDNA (1,290 bases), fl aB (467 bas-\nes), and IGS (665 bases) from the squirrel spirochete were identical to those of the owl spirochete; no base differences were found among the 2,422 bases compared. We also examined DNA extracted from the spotted owl’s liver during the fi rst in-vestigation ( 1\n) (provided by Alan G. \nBarbour). We successfully PCR am-plifi ed most of the 16S rDNA and the \ncomplete fl aB, gyrB , glpQ, and vtp \ngenes from the owl spirochete DNA and determined their sequences. The complete sequences of the fi rst 4 loci \nfrom the owl and squirrel spirochetes were identical and differed from all other B. hermsii sequences. A phylo-\ngram of the concatenated sequences totaling 5,188 bases demonstrated that the owl and pine squirrel spiro-chetes were identical and were diver-gent members of B. hermsii genomic \ngroup I (Figure).\nFinding the same strain of B. \nhermsii , separated by ≈525 km, in a \npine squirrel and a spotted owl demon-strates a broader geographic distribu-tion and host range for this spirochete than what could have been envisaged previously. The possible role of birds as hosts for the vector Ornithodoros \nhermsi ticks has been demonstrated \nelsewhere ( 4). Given the ecologic \noverlap of pine squirrels and conifer-ous forest-dwelling birds, we believe that the previous fi nding of the infect-\ned spotted owl is likely not an isolated event. Instead, it may represent a tick–spirochete cycle for B. hermsii that \nincludes a broader host range for this group of relapsing fever spirochetes than previously appreciated.\nAcknowledgments\nWe thank Jake Beldsoe and Michaela \nPonce for their help in the fi eld, Colleen \nMiller for arranging all travel, Kerry Fores-man for advice and equipment, and staff of the University of Montana Flathead Lake Biological Station.\nThis work was supported by the Divi-\nsion of Intramural Research, National In-stitute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health.\nRobert J. Fischer, \nTammi L. Johnson, \nSandra J. Raffel, \nand Tom G. Schwan\n Emerging Infectious Diseases • www.cdc.gov/eid • Vol. 15, No. 12, December 2009 2065 \nFigure. Phylogram based on the alignment of the concatenated DNA sequences containing \nthe 16S rDNA , fl aB, gyrB, and glpQ loci for 6 isolates (DAH, GAR, ALL, LAK-1, MTW-2, \nand YOR) and infected tissues from the owl (OWL) and pine squirrel (YB-Th-60) of Borrelia \nhermsii . The same loci from B. turicatae 91E135 were used for the outgroup. New DNA \nsequences determined for the owl and pine squirrel spirochetes are available in GenBank (accession nos. GQ175059–GQ175068). Scale bar indicates number of base substitutions (×100). LETTERS\nAuthor af fi liations: National Institutes of \nHealth, Hamilton, Montana, USA (R.J. Fischer, T.L. Johnson, S.J. Raffel, T.G. Schwan); and The University of Montana, Missoula, Montana, USA (T.L. Johnson)\nDOI: 10.3201/eid1512.090792\nReferences\n 1. Thomas NJ, Bunikis J, Barbour AG, Wol-\ncott MJ. Fatal spirochetosis due to a relaps-ing fever−like Borrelia sp. in a northern \nspotted owl. J Wildl Dis. 2002;38:187–93.\n 2. Bunikis J, Tsao J, Garpmo U, Berglund J, \nFish D, Barbour AG. Typing of Borrelia \nrelapsing fever group strains. Emerg In-fect Dis. 2004;10:1661–4.\n 3. Schwan TG, Policastro PF, Miller Z, \nThompson RL, Damrow T, Keirans JE. Tick-borne relapsing fever caused by Bor-\nrelia hermsii , Montana. Emerg Infect Dis. \n2003;9:1151–4.\n 4. Schwan TG, Raffel SJ, Schrumpf ME, \nPorcella SF. Diversity and distribu-tion of Borrelia hermsii. Emerg Infect \nDis. 2007;13:436–42. DOI: 10.3201/eid1303.060958\n 5. Uhlmann EJ, Seed PC, Schwan TG, \nStorch GA. Polymerase chain reaction of tick-borne relapsing fever caused by Borrelia hermsii. Pediatr Infect Dis \nJ. 2007;26:267–9. DOI: 10.1097/01.inf.0000254392.99545.69\n 6. Porcella SF, Raffel SJ, Anderson DE \nJr, Gilk SD, Bono JL, Schrumpf ME, et al. Variable tick protein in two genomic groups of the relapsing fever spirochete Borrelia hermsii in western North Ameri-\nca. Infect Immun. 2005;73:6647–58. DOI: 10.1128/IAI.73.10.6647-6658.2005\nAddress for correspondence: Tom G. Schwan, \nLaboratory of Zoonotic Pathogens, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, NIAID, NIH, 903 South 4th St, Hamilton, MT 59840, USA; e-mail: tschwan@niaid.nih.govMycobacterium \nbovis and \nM. tuberculosis \nin Goats, Nigeria \nTo the Editor: Documentation \nof possible tuberculosis (TB) in goats in Nigeria was reported by Ojo ( 1) on \nthe basis of gross lesions without cul-ture con fi rmation. Livestock owners \nin Nigeria normally graze cattle and goats together, and this practice poses a high risk for transmission of bovine TB among these animals ( 1). This \npractice is especially a threat to goats in Nigeria because several reports have described bovine TB in cattle in Nigeria ( 2–5). However, reports of \ndiagnosis of TB in goats in Nigeria are lacking.\nMolecular epidemiologic tech-\nniques such as deletion typing and spoligotyping have been used to char-acterize members of the Mycobac-\nterium tuberculosis complex (MTC) \nand to provide information on trans-mission of mycobacterial diseases be-tween animals and humans ( 6). How-\never, because of limited resources and lack of expertise, these techniques are not commonly used in most develop-ing nations such as Nigeria, where TB is endemic ( 3).\nBecause slaughterhouses provide \nexcellent opportunities for detect-ing diseases of economic and public health importance, we investigated the presence of mycobacteria in slaugh-tered goats with lesions suggestive of TB. The investigation was conducted at the Bodija Municipal Abattoir in Ibadan in southwestern Nigeria over a period of 6 months. Slaughtered goats were obtained from local herds and herds in northern Nigeria. A total of 10,389 male and female goats of 2 breeds (West African Dwarf and Red Sokoto) and 1–2 years of age were slaughtered; 1,387 were inspected for gross lesions of TB.\nOf 1,387 animals screened, 62 \n(4.47%) had lesions suggestive of TB in the liver, lungs, and mesenter-\nic lymph nodes. Five (0.36%) goats were con fi rmed positive by culture \nas described ( 2). Deletion typing ( 6) \nwith the RD9 deletion was used to distinguish M. tuberculosis from other \nmembers of the MTC. Those isolates with a deletion in this region were fur-ther investigated with primers speci fi c \nfor RD4. This reaction distinguishes between M. bovis , M. caprae , and oth-\ner members of the MTC. Spoligotyp-ing was performed as described ( 7) to \ntype an M. tuberculosis isolate from a \ngoat after identi fi cation of this bacte-\nrium by deletion typing.\nWe isolated 4 strains of M. bovis \nand 1 strain of M. tuberculosis from \nthe goats (Table). Spoligotyping identi fi ed the M. tuberculosis isolate \nas belonging to the East African In-dian (EAI)–5 family in the SpolDB4 database. All M. bovis isolates were \nM. bovis bovis , not M. bovis caprae , \naccording to their deletion typing profi le (\n6). One M. bovis isolate was \nobtained from a male goat; the 3 re-maining M. bovis isolates and the M. \ntuberculosis isolate were obtained \nfrom female goats.\nEpidemiologic inferences can be \nmade from the results of our study. First, M. bovis , which is naturally \nfound in cattle, was isolated from 4 slaughtered goats. Although M. bo-\nvis caprae was the M. bovis variant \nmost frequently isolated from goats in some areas ( 8), in our study, only M. \nbovis bovis was isolated. This fi nd-\ning is consistent with results reported by Crawshaw et al. ( 9), and suggests \ntransmission from cattle, rather than transmission from the goat reservoir. Second, because the infected goats were adult females, infection may be transmitted to their offspring. Third, M. \ntuberculosis was isolated from a goat. \nIts presence in this goat may have been caused by direct transmission from hu-mans because this bacterium may be a natural pathogen of humans.\nTransmission caused by close \ncohabitation of goats and humans \n2066 Emerging Infectious Diseases • www.cdc.gov/eid • Vol. 15, No. 12, December 2009The opinions expressed by \nauthors contributing to this journal do not necessarily re fl ect \nthe opinions of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention or the institutions with which the authors are af fi liated. LETTERS\nwith advanced TB may occur, given \nthe endemic nature of TB in humans in Nigeria ( 10). TB cases caused by \nEAI strains have been found in hu-mans in southwestern Nigeria ( 4; S.I. \nCadmus et al., unpub. data), a fi nding \nthat supports zoonotic transmission of this organism from humans to goats. However, different lineages of M. tu-\nberculosis may vary in host range, and \nEAI genotype strains may be adapted to human and animal hosts. Converse-ly, human-to-animal transmission of M. tuberculosis has been reported in \nNigeria relative to infection in cattle (3,4). Thus, con fi rmation of TB in \ngoats supports the possibility of risk for TB transmission between humans and animals in Nigeria.\nThis study should be interpreted \nin the context of its limitations. Be-cause the sources of the animals were unknown, we could not determine whether the organisms were imported from a neighboring country ( 3). In ad-\ndition, we lacked information on the breed and condition of the animals. However, we have identi fi ed M. tu-\nberculosis and TB in goats in Nigeria. \nAdditional studies of other slaughter-houses in Nigeria are needed to con-fi rm our results.\nAcknowledgments\nWe thank the students at the abbatoir \nfor assistance during meat inspection.\nThis study was supported by the Mac-\nArthur Foundation/University of Ibadan, Nigeria.\nSimeon I. Cadmus, \nHezekiah K. Adesokan, \nAkinbowale O. Jenkins, \nand Dick van SoolingenAuthor af fi liations: University of Ibadan, \nIbadan, Nigeria (S.I. Cadmus, H. K. Adeso-kan); University of Pretoria, Onderstepoort, Pretoria, South Africa (A.O. Jenkins); and National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, the Netherlands (D. van Soolingen)\nDOI: 10.3201/eid1512.090319\nReferences\n 1. Ojo SA. A survey of pathological condi-\ntions in slaughtered goats at Zaria slaugh-ter houses. Small ruminant research and development in Africa. Proceedings of the Third Biennial Conference of the Af-rican Small Ruminant Research Network–UICC. Kampala, Uganda. 1994 Dec 5–9 [cited 2009 Feb 7]. Available from http://www.fao.org/documents/pub_dett.asp?pub_id=18823&iang=en\n 2. Cadmus SI, Atsanda NN, Oni SO, Akang \nEE. Bovine tuberculosis in one cattle herd in Ibadan in Nigeria. Veterinárni Medici-na. 2004;49:406–12.\n 3. Cadmus S, Palmer S, Okker M, Dale J, \nGover K, Smith N, et al. Molecular analy-sis of human and bovine tubercle bacilli from a local setting in Nigeria. J Clin Mi-crobiol. 2006;44:29–34. DOI: 10.1128/JCM.44.1.29-34.2006\n 4. Cadmus SI. Molecular characterization of \nhuman and bovine tubercle bacilli in Iba-dan, Nigeria [dissertation]. Ibadan (Nige-ria): University of Ibadan; 2007.\n 5. Idrisu A, Schnurrenberger P. Public health \nsignifi cance of bovine tuberculosis in four \nnorthern states of Nigeria: a mycobacte-riologic study. Nigerian Journal of Medi-cine. 1977;7:384–7.\n 6. Warren RM, Gey van Pittius NC, Barnard \nM, Hesseling A, Engelke E, de Kock M, et al. Differentiation of Mycobacterium \ntuberculosis complex by PCR ampli fi ca-\ntion of genomic regions of difference. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis. 2006;10:818–22.\n 7. Kamerbeek J, Schouls L, Kolk A, van \nAgterveld M, van Soolingen D, Kuijper S, et al. Simultaneous detection and strain differentiation of Mycobacterium tuber-\nculosis for diagnosis and epidemiology. J \nClin Microbiol. 1997;35:907–14. 8. Aranaz A, Liebana E, Gomez-Mampaso E, \nGalan JC, Cousins D, Ortega A, et al. My-\ncobacterium tuberculosis subsp. Caprae \nsubsp. Nov.: a taxonomic study of a new member of the Mycobacterium tuberculo-\nsis complex isolated from goats in Spain. \nInt J Syst Bacteriol. 1999;49:1263–73.\n 9. Crawshaw T, Daniel R, Clifton-Hadley R, \nClark J, Evans H, Rolfe S, et al. Tuber-culosis in goats caused by Mycobacterium \nbovis. Vet Rec. 2008;163:127.\n10. World Health Organization. Global tuber-\nculosis control: surveillance, planning, fi nancing. Geneva: The Organization; \n2008. p. 1–304 [cited 2008 Dec 14]. Avail-able from http://www.stoptb.org/events/world_tb_day/2008/assets/documents/WHO_2008_global_TB_report.pdf.)\nAddress for correspondence: Simeon I. Cadmus, \nDepartment of Veterinary Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; email: sibcadmus@yahoo.com\nStreptococcus suis \nMeningitis, Hawaii\nTo the Editor : Streptococcus \nsuis is a swine pathogen and zoonotic \nagent responsible for septicemia and meningitis ( 1). S. suis is in emergence \nin some Asian countries. Indeed, this pathogen has been described as the most and second-most common cause of adult meningitis in Vietnam and Thailand, respectively ( 2,3). Moreover, \nduring an outbreak in People’s Repub-lic of China in 2005, 39 of 215 patients died from S. suis diseases ( 4). On the \nother hand, only 2 human S. suis cases \nhave been reported in the United States (5,6). Here, we describe a fi rst case of \nhuman S. suis meningitis in Hawaii.\nThe patient, a 34-year-old Ton-\ngan male with no medical history who worked as a coconut tree trimmer, was singing in his church choir when he developed an acute-onset, global headache and emesis. Upon hospital admission, he described a week of \n Emerging Infectious Diseases • www.cdc.gov/eid • Vol. 15, No. 12, December 2009 2067 Table. Results of deletion typing for Mycobacterium tuberculosis and M.bovis in goats, \nNigeria*\nRegion of difference M. tuberculosis M. bovis\nRD1 + +\nRD4 + –\nRD9 + –\nRD12 + –\n*+, present; –, absent. LETTERS\nantecedent nonspeci fi c symptoms for \nwhich he had taken nonsteroidal anti-infl ammatory drugs without relief.\nOn examination, he was afe-\nbrile, tired-appearing but alert, and with stable vital signs. He presented mild meningismus and photophobia; no rash was observed. Blood tests showed 27,600 leukocytes/ μL with \n65% neutrophils; 168,000 platelets/μL; hemoglobin 17.3 g/dL; and crea-\ntinine 1.4 mg/dL. A computed tomog-raphy scan of the head was read as showing substantial motion artifact and a possible cerebral mass. Nuclear magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the head showed no mass, but T2-weighted images (postgadolinium) suggested both increased grey/white matter contrast consistent with dif-fuse cortical edema, and vascular congestion/in fl ammation of the sulci.\nCerebrospinal fl uid (CSF) ob-\ntained from a lumbar puncture had 2,770 leukocytes/ μL with 94% neu-\ntrophils; glucose 30 mg/dL; and pro-tein 230 mg/L. A Gram stain of the CSF showed numerous gram-positive cocci, mostly in pairs and short chains (Figure). Empiric intravenous therapy with dexamethasone, vancomycin, and ceftriaxone was administered for possible pneumococcal meningitis.\nBlood cultures grew a Strepto-\ncoccus species, later identi fi ed by \n16S rRNA gene sequencing as being S. suis , sensitive to penicillin, vanco-\nmycin, and ceftriaxone. The isolate was assigned to serotype 2 by the coagglutination test ( 7) and shown \nby Western blot to produce suilysin, extracellular protein factor and mu-ramidase-released protein, which are virulence markers often associated with highly virulent strains of Eur-asian, but not North American, origin (1,8). A strain of this phenotype was \nresponsible for a previous US S. suis \nmeningitis case, but the patient had been infected in the Philippines ( 5; \nunpub. data).\nUpon identi fi cation of the S. suis \nisolate, the patient was questioned about swine contact. He described \nslaughtering by hand several noncom-mercially raised pigs over the preced-ing several weeks for a church-related luau. The patient did not recall any clear incident of mucosal exposure to pig blood or secretions. The exact route of S. suis infection for humans \nis not known. However, most cases have been linked to accidental inocu-lation through skin injuries ( 1). The \npatient did not wear gloves, masks, or any other protective equipment dur-ing the prolonged process of butcher-ing the pigs, and his exposure to pig blood, skin, and internal organs was extensive. He sustained multiple small cuts on his hands during butchering. No other church members who par-ticipated in preparing pigs for the luau became ill.\nThe patient was treated with cef-\ntriaxone and a 4-day course of dex-amathasone. His headache and menin-gismus improved progressively, and he was discharged after 6 days to complete a 2-week course of intravenous ceftri-axone. However, 1 day after discharge, the patient complained of headaches and mild-to-moderate bilateral hear-\ning loss. He was readmitted; a repeat lumbar puncture showed resolving CSF pleocytosis, and an MRI showed that his prior radiographic fi ndings had \nnormalized. The symptoms, attributed to residual meningeal/cerebral edema, resolved quickly after the reintroduc-tion of steroids. Audiometric testing suggested mild sensorineural hearing loss in the right ear. The patient com-pleted the remainder of his intravenous ceftriaxone course and was discharged on a 2-week course of amoxicillin and oral steroids.\nHe was again admitted 2 days \nafter completing treatment, with dis-abling dizziness. On exam he showed new torsional nystagmus, more pro-nounced with left lateral gaze, consis-tent with a right peripheral vestibul-opathy. An MRI of the head was again normal. Oral dexamethasone promptly resolved his vestibulopathy, and the patient was discharged on a slow ste-roid taper. After a month, dexametha-sone was discontinued. The patient has been asymptomatic since, and his hearing loss has resolved fully.\n2068 Emerging Infectious Diseases • www.cdc.gov/eid • Vol. 15, No. 12, December 2009\nFigure. Gram-positive cocci, mostly in pairs and short chains, found in cerebrospinal fl uid \nfrom a 34-year-old man with Streptococcus suis meningitis. The sample was not centrifuged \nbefore staining. Original magni fi cation ×1,000. LETTERS\nThe role of steroids in treating \npatients with S. suis infection remains \nunclear, although this case illustrates that the in fl ammation associated with \nthis infection can be profound and can require prolonged steroid therapy. Since at least 2 cases of relapse have been reported after 2 and 4 weeks of treatment ( 1), prolonged therapy \nshould be considered for infections caused by this pathogen. Hearing loss from S. suis meningitis occurs fre-\nquently and can be irreversible ( 1). \nHawaii’s swine industry is character-ized by small herds and a high degree of concentration ( 9). This case of \nhuman S. suis meningitis in Hawaii \nemphasizes the need for these data to be generated and made available. Indeed, this bacterium is increasingly recognized as a signi fi cant zoonotic \nagent in Asia; although it remains a relatively rare cause of human infec-tion elsewhere, persons in close oc-cupational contact with pigs or pork products are at higher risk than others (1). Increasing awareness of this dis-\nease is expected to help counter hu-man S. suis infections.\nNahuel Fittipaldi, Tarquin Collis, \nBryscen Prothero, \nand Marcelo Gottschalk\nAuthor af fi liations: Université de Montréal, \nSt-Hyacinthe, Quebec, Canada (N. Fitti-paldi, M. Gottschalk); and Kaiser Moanalua Hospital, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA (T. Collis, B. Prothero)\nDOI: 10.3201/eid1512.090825\nReferences\n 1. Gottschalk M, Segura M, Xu J. Strep-\ntococcus suis infections in humans: \nthe Chinese experience and the situ-ation in North America. Anim Health Res Rev. 2007;8:29–45. DOI: 10.1017/S1466252307001247\n 2. Mai NT, Hoa NT, Nga TV , Linh LD, \nChau TT, Sinh DX, et al. Streptococ-\ncus suis meningitis in adults in Vietnam. \nClin Infect Dis. 2008;46:659–67. DOI: 10.1086/527385 3. Suankratay C, Intalapaporn P, Nun-\nthapisud P, Arunyingmongkol K, Wilde H. Streptococcus suis meningitis in Thai-\nland. Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health. 2004;35:868–76. \n 4. Yu H, Jing H, Chen Z, Zheng H, Zhu X, \nWang H, et al. Human Streptococcus suis \noutbreak, Sichuan, China. Emerg Infect Dis. 2006;12:914–20. \n 5. Lee GT, Chiu CY , Haller BL, Denn PM, \nHall CS, Gerberding JL. Streptococcus \nsuis meningitis, United States. Emerg In-\nfect Dis. 2008;14:183–5. DOI: 10.3201/eid1401.070930\n 6. Willenburg KS, Sentochnik DE, Za-\ndoks RN. Human Streptococcus suis \nmeningitis in the United States. N Engl J Med. 2006;354:1325. DOI: 10.1056/NEJMc053089\n 7. Higgins R, Gottschalk M. An update on \nStreptococcus suis identi fi cation. J Vet Di-\nagn Invest. 1990;2:249–52. \n 8. Vecht U, Wisselink HJ, Jellema ML, Smith \nHE. Identi fi cation of two proteins associ-\nated with virulence of Streptococcus suis \ntype 2. Infect Immun. 1991;59:3156–62. \n 9. Sharma K, Leung PS, Zaleski H. Econom-\nic analysis of size and feed type of swine production in Hawaii. Swine Health and Production. 1997;5:103–10.\nAddress for correspondence: Nahuel \nFittipaldi, Universite de Montreal–GREMIP3200, rue Sicotte CP5000, St-Hyacinthe, Quebec, Canada; email: n. fi ttipaldi@umontreal.caChorioamnionitis \nand Neonatal \nSepsis from \nCommunity-\nassociated MRSA\nTo the Editor: Chorioamnionitis \nis a common cause of maternal and neonatal illness and death ( 1), but cho-\nrioamnionitis attributed to Staphylo-\ncoccus aureus , including methicillin-\nresistant S. aureus (MRSA), is reported \ninfrequently ( 2–5). In the context of \nthe rising incidence of community-associated MRSA (CA-MRSA) infec-tions ( 6), we report an apparent case of \nCA-MRSA chorioamnionitis.\nThe patient, a 31-year-old woman \nwith polycystic ovary syndrome and hypothyroidism, had 1 prior preg-nancy but no viable offspring. After a clomiphene-assisted conception, rou-tine ultrasound at 21 weeks’ gestation identi fi ed a shortened cervix (5 mm). \nThe patient declined amniocentesis for cerclage and was treated with pel-vic rest and vaginal progesterone. Five days later, she arrived at the emergency department with foul-smelling vaginal discharge. At this time, the patient was afebrile and hemodynamically stable, had no abdominal pain, and had a leu-kocyte count of 9.5 × 10\n3 cells/mm3.\nPremature rupture of membranes \nwas diagnosed, and the patient was admitted and administered intrave-nous ampicillin and azithromycin. Nine days into treatment, at 23 weeks’ gestation, 210 hours after membrane rupture, a 415-g live-born girl was delivered spontaneously in footling breech with Apgar scores of 1 (1 min) and 5 (5 min). During admission, the mother was never febrile and did not complain of abdominal tenderness or chills. The highest leukocyte count was 12.4 × 10\n3 cells/mm3. The mother \nwas discharged the day after deliv-ery without further complications. At 6-week follow-up, she remained well, with no signs of infection.\n Emerging Infectious Diseases • www.cdc.gov/eid • Vol. 15, No. 12, December 2009 2069 Letters\nLetters commenting on recent articles as well as letters reporting cases, out-breaks, or original research are wel-come. Letters commenting on articles should contain no more than 300 words and 5 references; they are more likely to be published if submitted within 4 weeks of the original article’s publication. Letters reporting cases, outbreaks, or original research should contain no more than 800 words and 10 references. They may have 1 Figure or Table and should not be di-vided into sections. All letters should contain material not previously pub-lished and include a word count. LETTERS\nPathologic examination of the pla-\ncenta demonstrated focal acute funisi-tis, acute chorioamnionitis with fetal surface acute arteritis and acute deci-duitis. Cultures from the maternal and fetal sides of the placenta grew pre-dominantly MRSA and rare colonies of methicillin-susceptible S. aureus . \nThe MRSA antimicrobial drug pro fi le, \nincluding trimethoprim/sulfamethox-azole and clindamycin susceptibility, was characteristic of CA-MRSA ( 6).\nThe neonate, who died on day 16, \nwas culture-positive for CA-MRSA from blood, 2 umbilical swabs, and a tracheal aspirate. The antibiogram of these isolates was identical to the placental cultures, including absence of inducible clindamycin resistance. Postmortem examination showed hemorrhagic necrotizing pneumonia and gram-negative bacilli. Culture of lung tissue grew Escherichia coli . \nIsolates from the placenta and neonate were identi fi ed phenotypically, with-\nout molecular testing.\nMaternal complications of cho-\nrioamnionitis include endometritis, bacteremia, hemorrhage, and cesarean delivery ( 1). Clinically, chorioamni-\nonitis can be diagnosed by maternal fever (>38\noC) and 2 of the following: \nmaternal leukocytosis (>15 × 103cells/\nmm3), maternal tachycardia (>100 \nbpm), fetal tachycardia (>160 bpm), uterine tenderness, and foul-smelling amniotic fl uid ( 1). This patient had \nnone of these signs, except foul-smell-ing amniotic fl uid, and fetal tachycar-\ndia was absent. In this case, chorioam-nionitis was diagnosed by histology.\nAmniotic fl uid cultures from \npregnancies complicated by chorio-amnionitis have shown multiple or-ganisms from the vaginal fl ora, such \nas Streptococcus agalactiae , Gardner-\nella vaginalis , Mycoplasma hominis , \nUreaplasma urealyticum , anaerobes, \nand E. coli (1). Chorioamnionitis as-\nsociated with S. aureus is uncommon \n(2,3), and MRSA chorioamnionitis is \nrare ( 4,5). The fi rst 2 reports of MRSA \nchorioamnionitis appeared in 1998 (4) and 2002 ( 5). In both instances, \nthe patients worked in the healthcare industry, and the authors considered the MRSA to have been nosocomial strains. The patient in our report was a restaurant manager, had no prior re-corded hospital admissions, and was not previously known to be colonized by MRSA.\nCA-MRSA strains are epide-\nmiologically and clonally unrelated to hospital-associated MRSA (HA-MRSA) strains and can be differ-entiated by the presence of staphy-lococcal cassette chromosome mec \ntype IV and the absence of multidrug resistance seen with HA-MRSA ( 6). \nRecently, the incidence of CA-MR-SA infections increased in commu-nity settings, including outbreaks in settings in which CA-MRSA is en-demic, with manifestations ranging from skin and soft tissue infections to necrotizing pneumonia ( 6). Geni-\ntal colonization with MRSA recently has been reported with a frequency of 0.5%–3.5% in pregnant women ( 7,8). \nIn 1 study, most (93%) of these iso-lates were CA-MRSA ( 7).\nEckhardt et al. described a pa-\ntient with chorioamnionitis in whom CA-MRSA bacteremia developed ( 9). \nHowever, this descriptor was used to specify multidrug-resistant MRSA not acquired in a hospital. Moreover, neither placental nor amniotic fl uid \ncultures were described. Laibl et al. reported 2 patients with CA-MRSA infections in whom chorioamnionitis developed ( 10). Again, placental and \namniotic fl uid culture results were \nnot reported, nor was chorioamni-onitis listed as an infection caused by CA-MRSA in their cohort. However, these latter 2 patients might repre-sent additional cases of CA-MRSA chorioamnionitis.\nAlthough the incidence of CA-\nMRSA infections continues to in-crease, CA-MRSA chorioamnionitis appears to remain rare. Nevertheless, the prevalence of MRSA genital colo-nization among pregnant women cre-ates an opportunity for this agent to \ncause ascending gestational infection. This fi nding is meaningful because \nrecommended empirical antimicro-bial drug treatments may not cover CA-MRSA, increasing the likelihood of infectious complications ( 1). How-\never, culture results when available can provide therapeutic guidance. We hope this report raises awareness of the possibility of CA-MRSA cho-rioamnionitis and encourages reports from other authors so this entity can be better established, characterized, and monitored.\nJason D. Pimentel, \nFrederick A. Meier, \nand Linoj P. Samuel\nAuthor af fi liation: Henry Ford Hospital, De-\ntroit, Michigan, USA\nDOI: 10.3201/eid1512.090853\nReferences\n 1. Newton ER. Preterm labor, preterm pre-\nmature rupture of membranes, and chorio-amnionitis. Clin Perinatol. 2005;32:571–600. DOI: 10.1016/j.clp.2005.05.001\n 2. Ben-David Y , Hallak M, Evans MI, Abra-\nmovici H. Amnionitis and premature de-livery with intact amniotic membranes involving Staphylococcus aureus . A case \nreport. J Reprod Med. 1995;40:485–6.\n 3. Negishi H, Matsuda T, Okuyama K, Sutoh \nS, Fujioka Y , Fujimoto S. Staphylococcus \naureus causing chorioamnionitis and fetal \ndeath with intact membranes at term. A case report. J Reprod Med. 1998;43:397–400.\n 4. Geisler JP, Horlander KM, Hiett AK. Me-\nthicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus \nas a cause of chorioamnionitis. Clin Exp Obstet Gynecol. 1998;25:119–20. DOI: 10.1016/S0889-8545(05)70361-2\n 5. Fowler P. Methicillin-resistant Staphylo-\ncoccus aureus chorioamnionitis: a rare \ncause of fetal death in our community. Aust N Z J Obstet Gynaecol. 2002;42:97–8. DOI: 10. 1111/j.0004-8666.2002.00109.x\n 6. Palavecino E. Community-acquired meth-\nicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in-\nfections. Clin Lab Med. 2004;24:403–18. DOI: 10.1016/j.cll.2004.03.007\n 7. Chen KT, Huard RC, Della-Latta P, Saiman \nL. Prevalence of methicillin-sensitive and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus au-\nreus in pregnant women. Obstet Gynecol. \n2006;108:482–7.\n2070 Emerging Infectious Diseases • www.cdc.gov/eid • Vol. 15, No. 12, December 2009 LETTERS\n 8. Andrews WW, Schelonka R, Waites K, \nStamm A, Cliver SP, Moser S. Genital tract methicillin-resistant Staphylococ-\ncus aureus : risk of vertical transmission \nin pregnant women. Obstet Gynecol. 2008;111:113–8.\n 9. Eckhardt C, Halvosa JS, Ray SM, Blum-\nberg HM. Transmission of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in the \nneonatal intensive care unit from a patient with community-acquired disease. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 2003;24:460–1. DOI: 10.1086/502234\n10. Laibl VR, Shef fi eld JS, Roberts S, McIn-\ntire DD, Trevino S, Wendel GD Jr. Clinical presentation of community-acquired me-thicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus \nin pregnancy. Obstet Gynecol. 2005;\n106:461–5.\nAddress for correspondence: Jason D. Pimentel, \nDepartment of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Henry Ford Hospital, 2799 W Grand Blvd, Detroit, MI 48202, USA; email: jpiment1@hfhs.org\nMethicillin-\nResistant \nStaphylococcus \naureus in Marine \nMammals \nTo the Editor: Methicillin-resis-\ntant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) \nis emerging as an important cause of illness and death in animals and has been found in an impressive variety of species. However, to date, only 2 studies have reported the isolation of \nMRSA from marine mammals, 1 seal (1) and 3 bottlenose dolphins ( 2). We \ndescribe an investigation that was con-ducted after MRSA was isolated from a dolphin at a marine park in North America.\nIn November 2006, a 20-year-\nold, male, captive, bottlenose dolphin, suspected of having pneumonia, was treated empirically with cipro fl oxacin \nand itraconazole. Despite treatment, the dolphin died in December 2006. A necropsy was performed, and a culture swab specimen of the blowhole was submitted for bacteriologic examina-tion; MRSA was then isolated. The clinical relevance of this fi nding was \nunclear. Pulsed- fi eld gel electropho-\nresis (PFGE) was conducted ( 3), and \nresults indicated that the MRSA strain isolated was the Canadian epidemic MRSA (CMRSA)2 (USA100) strain, the predominant hospital- and com-munity-associated MRSA strain found in persons in Canada ( 4). To determine \nthe extent of MRSA colonization in this marine park, blowhole swab spec-imens were collected from dolphins, orcas, and beluga whales, and nasal swab specimens were collected from walruses, sea lions, harbor seals, gray seals, and park personnel, excluding 4 employees in January 2007. Selective culture for MRSA was performed, and strains were typed with PFGE ( 3) and \nspa typing ( 5). All MRSA strains were \ninvestigated for the Panton-Valentine leukocidin (PVL) toxin genes ( 6).\nIn January 2007, MRSA was not \nisolated from personnel (0/22), sea lions (0/12), harbor seals (0/2), gray \nseals (0/2), orcas (0/4), or beluga whales (0/23); it was isolated from dol-phins (2/6, 33.3%) and a walrus (1/6, 16.7%). To reduce the risk for MRSA transmission among the marine mam-mals and to personnel, the following steps were recommended: colonized animals were isolated, contact with colonized animals was restricted, all park personnel were required to wear gloves and masks when handling colonized animals, and routine hand hygiene was emphasized. Colonized walruses were isolated in a separate facility until May 2007. Because of space limitations, colonized dolphins could not be isolated. Although the park instituted a strict policy that re-quired personnel to wear gloves and masks, this policy ceased during the summer months due to the park’s ex-hibition schedule.\nBecause we knew from our ob-\nservations of other animal species that natural decolonization with MRSA is common, as well as lacking informa-tion about antimicrobial drug ef fi cacy \nfor MRSA decolonization in marine mammals, and had concerns regarding the emergence of further antimicrobial drug resistance, we recommended that no attempt be made to decolonize the animals with antimicrobial agents. Af-ter these recommendations were made and implemented, follow-up testing for MRSA colonization was performed on the dolphins and walruses through-out 2007 and 2008 (Table). In Octo-ber 2007, testing conducted on all sea lions, harbor seals, gray seals, orcas, \n Emerging Infectious Diseases • www.cdc.gov/eid • Vol. 15, No. 12, December 2009 2071 Table. MRSA colonization status of dolphins and walruses during 2007–2008* \nDateNo. (%) dolphins MRSA \npositiveIdentification nos. of \nMRSA-positive dolphins No. (%) walruses MRSA \npositiveIdentification nos. of \nMRSA-positive walruses \n2007 Jan 2/6 (33.3) 2, 3 1/6 (16.7) 1\n2007 Feb 2/6 (33.3) 2, 4 2/5 (40) 2, 3 \n2007 Apr 2/5† (40) 3, 5 0/6 (0) NA\n2007 May 2/3 (66.7) 3, 5 0/6 NA\n2007 Oct 1/5 (20) 3 0/5 NA\n2008 May 1/5 (20) 3 NT NA\n2008 Jul 0/5 NA NT NA\n2008 Oct 0/5 NA NT NA\n*MRSA, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus; NA, not applicable; NT, not tested. \n†Dolphin 2 died due to unknown circumstances. LETTERS\nand beluga whales showed that none \nof these animals were colonized with MRSA. Overall, MRSA was isolated on >1 occasions from 5 dolphins (n = 6, 83.3%) and 3 walruses (n = 6, 50%) (Table). All strains were indistinguish-able on PFGE and were consistent with the CMRSA2 (USA100) strain. They were also spa type t002 and did \nnot possess the PVL toxin genes.\nThis report of MRSA shows \ncolonization in several dolphins and walruses, with apparent transmis-sion between species. The direction of transmission cannot be determined because of the sampling method; how-ever, a human origin is suspected be-cause the clone that was isolated is a predominant human clone. The failure to identify a concurrently colonized person does not preclude a human source. Since the time MRSA was in-troduced into the facility is unknown, the source of infection may have been decolonized by the time of sampling or was not sampled. Furthermore, park visitors occasionally have con-tact with these animals so the origin could have been from the general pub-lic. Whether colonization of multiple animals was due to repeated instances of human-to-animal transmission or whether animal-to-animal transmis-sion may have occurred is not clear. For the dolphins, the second scenario is most likely, considering the social nature of these animals and the in-ability to isolate colonized dolphins. These factors may have resulted in the circulation of MRSA among these ani-mals. Although no water samples were obtained for testing, waterborne trans-mission cannot be dismissed.\nColonization was eliminated \nwithout antimicrobial agents; how-ever, long-term (15 months) MRSA colonization was found in 1 dolphin. With patience and continued use of infection control measures, MRSA was apparently eradicated from this facility without the need for active decolonization. This study shows the impressive ability of MRSA to colo-\nnize diverse animal species and pro-vides further evidence suggesting that interspecies transmission of human epidemic clones can occur between persons and animals. This study also provides evidence suggesting that MRSA colonization in many animal species can be transient and that appli-cation of appropriate infection control and hygiene measures may be critical control tools for the management of MRSA in animals.\nAcknowledgments\nWe thank Joyce Rousseau for typing \nall MRSA strains.\nMeredith C. Faires, \nErica Gehring, June Mergl, \nand J. Scott Weese\nAuthor af fi liations: University of Guelph, \nGuelph, Ontario, Canada (M.C. Faires, J.S. Weese); and Niagara Falls Animal Medical Centre, Niagara Falls, Ontario, Canada (E. Gehring, J. Mergl) \nDOI: 10.3201/eid1512.090220\nReferences\n 1. O’Mahony R, Abbott Y , Leonard FC, \nMarkey BK, Quinn PJ, Pollock PJ, et al. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus au-\nreus (MRSA) isolated from animals and \nveterinary personnel in Ireland. Vet Micro-biol. 2005;109:285–96. DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2005.06.003\n 2. Schaefer AM, Goldstein JD, Reif JS, Fair \nPA, Bossart GD. Antibiotic-resistant or-ganisms cultured from Atlantic bottlenose dolphins ( Tursiops truncatus ) inhabit-\ning estuarine waters of Charleston, SC and Indian River Lagoon, FL. Ecohealth. 2009;6:33–41. \n 3. Mulvey MR, Chui L, Ismail J, Louie L, \nMurphy C, Chang N, et al. Develop-ment of a Canadian standardized proto-col for subtyping methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus using pulsed- fi eld \ngel electrophoresis. J Clin Micro-biol. 2001;39:3481–5. DOI: 10.1128/JCM.39.10.3481-3485.2001\n 4. Mulvey MR, MacDougall L, Cholin B, \nHorsman G, Fidyk M, Woods S, et al. Community-associated methicillin-re-sistant Staphylococcus aureus , Canada. \nEmerg Infect Dis. 2005;11:844–50. 5. Shopsin B, Gomez M, Montgomery SO, \nSmith DH, Waddington M, Dodge DE, et al. Evaluation of protein A gene polymor-phic region DNA sequencing for typing of Staphylococcus aureus strains. J Clin Mi-\ncrobiol. 1999;37:3556–63.\n 6. Rankin S, Roberts S, O’Shea K, Maloney \nD, Lorenzo M, Benson CE. Panton val-entine leukocidin (PVL) toxin positive MRSA strains isolated from companion animals. Vet Microbiol. 2005;108:145–8. DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2005.02.013\nAddress for correspondence: J. Scott Weese, \nDepartment of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada; email: jsweese@uoguelph.ca\nParachlamydia and \nRhabdochlamydia \nin Premature \nNeonates\nTo the Editor: New members \nhave recently been recognized in the order Chlamydiales ( 1). The family \nRhabdochlamydiaceae includes R. por-\ncellionis (a parasite of Porcellio scab-\ner) and R. crassi fi cans (a pathogen of \nthe cockroach Blatta orientalis ) (2,3); \ntheir pathogenic role in humans has not yet been investigated. Parachlamydia \nacanthamoebae and Protochlamydia \nnaegleriophila belong to the family \nParachlamydiaceae (1,4). Increasing \nevidence indicates that these obligate intracellular bacteria infecting free-living amebae may cause respiratory diseases in humans ( 1). Recent fi ndings \nalso suggest a role for Parachlamydia \nin miscarriage, stillbirth, and preterm labor ( 5–7). Whether these bacteria \nmay contaminate the newborns of in-fected mothers is unknown.\nThe aims of this study were to \n1) develop a real-time PCR for de-tecting Rhabdochlamydia spp. and 2) \n2072 Emerging Infectious Diseases • www.cdc.gov/eid • Vol. 15, No. 12, December 2009 LETTERS\napply this PCR, and those previously \ndescribed for Parachlamydia and Pro-\ntochlamydia (4,8), to respiratory sam-\nples from premature neonates. Using the GenBank database (www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov), we selected primers RcF (5 ′-\nGACGCTGCGTGAGTGATGA-3 ′) \nand RcR (5 ′-CCGGTGCTTCTTT\nACGCAGTA-3 ′), and probe RcS (5 ′-6 \ncarboxy fl uorescein-CTTTCGGGTT-\nGTAAAACTCTTTCGCGCA-Black Hole Quencher 1-3 ′), which amplify \nparts of the 16S rRNA encoding gene, to speci fi cally amplify Rhabdochla-\nmydia spp. The 5 ′-FAM probe (Euro-\ngentec, Seraing, Belgium) contained locked nucleic acids (underlined) to improve speci fi city. Reactions were \nperformed with 0.2 μM of each primer, \n0.1 μM of probe, and iTaq Supermix \n(Bio-Rad, Rheinach, Switzerland). PCR products were detected with ABI Prism 7000 (Applied Biosystems, Rotkreuz, Switzerland). Inhibition, negative PCR mixture, and extraction controls were systematically tested.\nTo enable quanti fi cation, a plasmid \ncontaining the target gene was con-structed as described ( 4,9). The analyti-\ncal sensitivity of the real-time PCR for Rhabdochlamydia spp. was <10 copies \nDNA/μL. No cross-ampli fi cation was \nobserved when the analytical speci fi city \nwas tested with human, amebal ( Acan-thamoeba castellanii ATCC 30010), \nand bacterial DNA (online Technical Appendix, available from www.cdc.\ngov/EID/content/15/12/2072-Techapp.pdf). Intrarun and interrun reproduc-ibility were excellent (online Technical Appendix).\nThis PCR and those previously \ndescribed for Parachlamydia and Pro-\ntochlamydia (4,8) were retrospectively \napplied to 39 respiratory samples from 29 neonates admitted in the neonatol-ogy unit of our institution (median 1 sample per patient, range 1–4 sample). All but 1 patient had a gestational age at birth <36 weeks (median 28.6, range 24.6–41.2 weeks). Respiratory \n Emerging Infectious Diseases • www.cdc.gov/eid • Vol. 15, No. 12, December 2009 2073 Table. Characteristics of 29 newborns with positive PCR results for Parachlamydia acanthamoebae or Rhabdochlamydia spp. and \ncontrols*\nCharacteristics Positive PCR result, n = 12 Negative PCR result, n = 17 p value†\nSex, M/F 8 (67)/4 (33) 6 (35)/11 (65) 0.14\nGestational age at birth, wk, median (range) 27 (24–36) 30 (25–41) 0.16\nWeight <10th percentile 4 (33) 4 (24) 0.68\nHeight <10th percentile 3 (25) 6 (35) 0.69\nPrimary adaptation\n First Apgar score (1 min), median (range) 2.5 (0–7) 8 (2–9) 0.0017\n First 3 Apgar scores,‡ median (range) 18.5 (8–27) 27 (17–29) 0.0023\n Cardiac massage in first 48 h 6 (50) 0 (0) 0.002\n Endotracheal intubation in first 48 h 11 (92) 8 (47) 0.019\nRespiratory distress syndrome 11 (92) 14 (82) 0.62\nHyaline membranes disease 9 (75) 8 (47) 0.25\nBradypneic syndrome 7 (58) 11 (65) 1.00\nBronchopulmonary dysplasia 8 (67) 9 (53) 0.70\nAmniotic fluid aspiration 1 (8) 3 (18) 0.62Invasive mechanical ventilation, d, median (range) 12 (2–50) 3 (0–14) 0.005\nEndotracheal intubation during hospital stay 12 (100) 11 (65) 0.028\nInfectious complications \n Lung infection 5 (42) 7 (41) 1.00\n Other systemic infection 7 (58) 5 (29) 0.15\nOther complications \n Intraventricular hemorrhage 4 (33) 6 (35) 1.00\n Persistent artery canal 7 (58) 6 (35) 0.27\n Necrotizing enterocolitis 2 (17) 1 (6) 0.55\n Congenital malformations 1 (8) 1 (6) 1.00\nHospitalization\n Stay in neonatology ward, d,§ median (range) 113.5 (9–435) 48 (7–131) 0.003\n Death 3 (25) 0 (0) 0.06\nPregnancy \n Premature membranes rupture 5 (42) 6 (35) 1.00\n Placental detachment 2 (17) 1 (6) 0.55\n Preeclampsia 4 (33) 2 (12) 0.20\n Systemic infection 7 (58) 9 (53) 1.00\n Cesarean delivery 9 (75) 10 (59) 0.45\n*Results are given as no. (%) except as indicated. \n†Fisher exact test and nonparametric Mann-Whitney rank sum test were used for the analysis of proportions and continuous variab les, respectively. \n‡Sum of the 3 scores at 1, 5, and 10 min after birth. \n§If survived. LETTERS\ndistress syndrome was present in 25 \n(86%) of these 29 neonates. Samples had been drawn a median of 14 days (range 1–229 days) after birth, when clinically indicated. Results of PCR for Parachlamydia , Protochlamydia , and \nRhabdochlamydia were positive for 9 \n(31%), 0 (0%), and 4 (14%) neonates, respectively. Positive results were ob-tained on the fi rst sample drawn after \nbirth for all but 2 neonates (initial nega-tive results). One patient had positive PCR results for Parachlamydia and \nRhabdochlamydia . These 12 newborns \nwith positive PCR results for Parachla-\nmydia and/or Rhabdochlamydia were \ncompared with the 17 who had nega-tive PCR results (Table).\nNewborns with a Chlamydia -relat-\ned organism documented in the respira-tory tract had a signi fi cantly worse pri-\nmary adaptation score (Apgar). These patients experienced more resuscitation maneuvers at birth. Durations of inva-sive mechanical ventilation and hospi-tal stay were also longer among them. Three newborns died, compared with no deaths among the 17 with negative PCR results (p = 0.06). Pneumonia was documented in 5 of the 12 patients with positive Parachlamydia and/or \nRhabdochlamydia PCR results but was \nconcomitant to PCR positivity for only 3 of them. An alternative etiology was documented in all 3 (online Technical Appendix).\nParachlamydia and Rhabdochla-\nmydia have thus been detected in a \npopulation of premature neonates. Most of these patients had severe respiratory distress syndrome, and the role of these bacteria as a causal agent of pneumonia could not be clearly assessed. The lon-ger duration of mechanical ventilation for newborns with positive PCR results may suggest an occult superinfection with a Chlamydia -related bacterium \ncontributing to the severity of the initial respiratory disease.\nOur results also raise a ques-\ntion about the mode of acquisition of these microorganisms. A recent study reported a higher seroprevalence of Parachlamydia in women experienc-\ning miscarriage ( 5,6), and DNA of this \nbacterium has been detected in the am-niotic fl uid of a woman with premature \ndelivery ( 7). Whether neonatal infec-\ntion results from a systemic infection during pregnancy or an inoculation at delivery is unknown. Because of the retrospective design of the study, no samples from the mothers were avail-able for additional molecular or sero-logic analyses. Hospital water supplies are an important reservoir of free-liv-ing amebae and may represent another mode of acquisition because patients undergoing mechanical ventilation are exposed to aerosolized particles ( 10). \nSimultaneous detection of Parachla-mydia and Rhabdochlamydia in 2 pa-tients with initial negative results and their simultaneous detection in 1 neo-nate supports the latter hypothesis.\nIn conclusion, Parachlamydia \nand Rhabdochlamydia DNA were \ndetected in respiratory secretions of premature newborns with more severe conditions at birth, more mechanical ventilation requirements, and a trend toward a higher mortality rate. The pathogenic role of these Chlamydia -\nrelated bacteria in neonates deserves further investigations.\nThis work was supported by the \nSwiss National Science Foundation grant FN 32003B-116445. G.G. is supported by the Leenards Foundation through a career award entitled Bourse Leenards pour la relève académique en médecine clinique à Lausanne. S.A. received the Analyses Médicales Services prize for the develop-ment of the Rhabdochlamydia PCR, under \nthe supervision of G. Greub. This study was approved by the ethics committee of the University of Lausanne.\nFrédéric Lamoth, \nSébastien Aeby, \nAntoine Schneider, \nKatia Jaton-Ogay, \nBernard Vaudaux, \nand Gilbert GreubAuthor af fi liation: University Hospital and \nUniversity of Lausanne, Lausanne, Swit-zerland\nDOI: 10.3201/eid1512.090267\nReferences\n 1. Greub G. Parachlamydia acanthamoebae , \nan emerging agent of pneumonia. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2009;15:18–28. DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-0691.2008.02633.x\n 2. Corsaro D, Thomas V , Goy G, Venditti \nD, Radek R, Greub G. Candidatus Rhab-\ndochlamydia crassi fi cans , an intracel-\nlular bacterial pathogen of the cockroach Blatta orientalis (Insecta: Blattodea). Syst \nAppl Microbiol. 2007;30:221–8. DOI: 10.1016/j.syapm.2006.06.001\n 3. Kostanjsek R, Strus J, Drobne D, Avgustin \nG. Candidatus Rhabdochlamydia porcel-\nlionis , an intracellular bacterium from the \nhepatopancreas of the terrestrial isopod Porcellio scaber (Crustacea: Isopoda). Int \nJ Syst Evol Microbiol. 2004;54:543–9. DOI: 10.1099/ijs.0.02802-0\n 4. Casson N, Michel R, Muller KD, Aubert \nJD, Greub G. Protochlamydia naeglerio-\nphila as etiologic agent of pneumonia. \nEmerg Infect Dis. 2008;14:168–72. DOI: 10.3201/eid1401.070980\n 5. Baud D, Thomas V , Arafa A, Regan L, \nGreub G. Waddlia chondrophila , a po-\ntential agent of human fetal death. Emerg Infect Dis. 2007;13:1239–43.\n 6. Baud D, Regan L, Greub G. Emerging \nrole of Chlamydia and Chlamydia -like or-\nganisms in adverse pregnancy outcomes. Curr Opin Infect Dis. 2008;21:70–6. DOI: 10.1097/QCO.0b013e3282f3e6a5\n 7. Baud D, Goy G, Gerber S, Vial Y , \nHohlfeld P, Greub G. Evidence of ma-ternal–fetal transmission of Parachla-\nmydia acanthamoebae . Emerg Infect \nDis. 2009;15:120–1. DOI: 10.3201/eid1501.080911\n 8. Casson N, Posfay-Barbe KM, Gervaix A, \nGreub G. New diagnostic real-time PCR for speci fi c detection of Parachlamydia \nacanthamoebae DNA in clinical samples. \nJ Clin Microbiol. 2008;46:1491–3. DOI: 10.1128/JCM.02302-07\n 9. Jaton K, Bille J, Greub G. A novel real-\ntime PCR to detect Chlamydia trachoma-\ntis in fi rst-void urine or genital swabs. J \nMed Microbiol. 2006;55:1667–74. DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.46675-0\n10. Thomas V , Herrera-Rimann K, Blanc \nDS, Greub G. Biodiversity of amoebae and amoeba-resisting bacteria in a hospi-tal water network. Appl Environ Micro-biol. 2006;72:2428–38. DOI: 10.1128/AEM.72.4.2428-2438.2006\n2074 Emerging Infectious Diseases • www.cdc.gov/eid • Vol. 15, No. 12, December 2009 LETTERS\nAddress for correspondence: Gilbert Greub, \nCenter for Research on Intracellular Bacteria, Institute of Microbiology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Rue du Bugnon 46, CH-1011 Lausanne, Switzerland; email: gilbert.greub@chuv.ch\nPorcine Kobuvirus \nin Piglets, Thailand \nTo the Editor: To date, the ge-\nnus Kobuvirus has consisted of 2 of-\nfi cially recognized species, Aichi virus \nand Bovine Kobuvirus (1). Aichi virus \nhas been shown to be associated with acute gastroenteritis in humans ( 2–4), \nand bovine kobuvirus has been detect-ed only in cattle ( 5,6). Most recently, \na third candidate species of Kobuvirus \nhas been described in pigs by 2 dif-ferent groups of investigators from Hungary and the People’s Republic of China ( 7,8). This new candidate spe-\ncies was serendipitously recognized in stool specimens from pigs when PCR products ( ≈1,100 bp) were ampli fi ed \nby using a primer pair for the detec-tion of caliciviruses ( 7).\nNucleotide sequences of these \nnonspeci fi c PCR products were simi-\nlar to those of the U-1 bovine kobuvi-rus and Aichi virus A846/88 reference strains; sequence identities ranged from 73% to 79% at the nucleotide level and from 69% to 70% at the amino acid ( 7). The representative \nstrain of a new candidate species of porcine kobuvirus, S-1-HUN (Por-cine kobuvirus/swine/S-1-HUN/2007/Hungary), has been analyzed to deter-mine its complete genome sequence and genetic organization ( 9). The \nRNA genome of the S-1-HUN strain comprises 8,210 nt, with a genome organization analogous to that of pi-cornaviruses. Therefore, this strain is tentatively classi fi ed as a new species of the genus Kobuvirus , and named \nporcine kobuvirus ( 7,9).\nCurrently, 2 reports have de-\nscribed the epidemiologic feature of porcine kobuvirus in healthy piglets. Thirty-nine (65%) of 60 stool samples collected from pigs in Hungary were positive for porcine kobuvirus by re-verse transcription–PCR (RT-PCR) (9). Another report from China found \nthat the prevalence of porcine kobuvi-rus was 30% (97 of 322 piglets) ( 8). \nThese fi ndings suggested that porcine \nkobuvirus infections are common in piglets. However, whether this agent is associated with particular diseases, including gastroenteritis, in piglets was not clear.\nWe conducted an epidemiologic \nsurvey of porcine kobuvirus and report the detection of this virus in the stool specimens of piglets with diarrhea. Sequence and phylogenetic analyses of the porcine kobuvirus strains were carried out to determine their evolu-tionary relationships with kobuvirus strains previously reported.\nA total of 98 stool specimens were \ncollected from piglets with diarrhea from 6 farms in Chiang Mai Province, Thailand, during 2001–2003. Age of the piglets ranged from 7 to 49 days old. Porcine kobuvirus was detected in fecal specimens by RT-PCR ( 9). \nThe representative strains of porcine kobuvirus detected in our study were analyzed further by direct sequenc-ing of their PCR amplicons (216 bp) by using BigDye Terminator Cycle Sequencing Kit (Applied Biosystems, Foster City, CA, USA). Sequences of these fragments were compared with those of reference strains available in the NCBI GenBank database by using BLAST server (http://blast.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Blast.cgi). Phylogenetic and molecular evolutionary analyses were conducted by using MEGA 4 ( 10). \nNucleotide sequences of porcine ko-buvirus strains described in this study were deposited in GenBank under ac-cession nos. GQ152093–GQ152122.Prevalence of porcine kobuvirus \nwas exceptionally high in piglets with diarrhea, 99% (97 of 98 specimens). Thirty representative strains of por-cine kobuvirus detected in this study were randomly selected, sequenced, and analyzed to determine their evolu-tionary relationships with other kobu-virus reference strains. The partial 3D region among all 30 porcine kobuvi-rus strains was highly conserved, with nucleotide sequence identities >90%. In addition, our strains were most closely related to 2 porcine kobuvi-rus reference strains (S-1-HUN and Swine/2007/CHN) available in Gen-Bank, with the nucleotide sequence identity ranging from 91.5% to 96.3%. Phylogenetic analysis of partial 3D nucleotide sequences of our porcine kobuvirus strains, together with pub-lished sequences of porcine kobuvirus reference strains (and those of Aichi virus and bovine kobuvirus), is shown in the Figure. The phylogenetic tree confi rmed that all strains we identi-\nfi ed belonged to the porcine kobuvi-\nrus species and formed a tight cluster in a monophyletic branch with the other 2 porcine kobuvirus reference strains (S-1-HUN and Swine/2007/CHN). These strains are also distantly related to standard strains of Aichi vi-rus and bovine kobuvirus. Recently, 18 sequences of partial 3D region of the porcine kobuvirus strains detect-ed in China have been deposited in GenBank. Unfortunately, the speci fi c \nposition of PCR ampli fi cation of the \nstrains found in China was different from that of our strains ( 8). Therefore, \nthe relationship between these strains could not be analyzed.\nPorcine kobuviruses have previ-\nously been reported only in healthy pigs ( 7\n–9). In our study, the excep-\ntionally high prevalence of porcine kobuviruses (99%) has been observed in piglets with acute gastroenteritis; those samples were negative for rotavi-rus infection as determined previously by RT-PCR. However, associations of this agent with enteric diseases in pigs \n Emerging Infectious Diseases • www.cdc.gov/eid • Vol. 15, No. 12, December 2009 2075 LETTERS\nremains unclear because no data were \navailable that tested for porcine kobu-virus in pigs without gastroenteritis from the farms in the same area. In ad-dition, infection with other pathogens that may cause diarrhea in pigs, such as bacteria or other porcine caliciviruses, needs to be ruled out. Further extensive epidemiologic surveillance and com-prehensive characterization of porcine kobuvirus strains from other areas may help clarify the distribution, heteroge-neity, and association of porcine kobu-viruses with enteric diseases in pigs.\nThis study was supported by Grant-\nin-Aid for Scienti fi c Research under the \nJapan Society for the Promotion of Science postdoctoral\n fellowships and by grants-in-aid from the Ministry of Education and \nSciences and the Ministry of Health, La-bor and Welfare, Japan. The study was also supported in part by the Research Fund from the Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Thailand.\nPattara Khamrin, \nNiwat Maneekarn, \nAphisek Kongkaew, \nSompreeya Kongkaew, \nShoko Okitsu, \nand Hiroshi Ushijima\nAuthor af fi liations: Aino University, Tokyo, \nJapan (P. Khamrin, H. Ushijima); Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand (N. Maneekarn, A. Kongkaew, S. Kongkaew); and Aino College, Tokyo (S. Okitsu)\n \nDOI: 10.3201/eid1512.090724References\n 1. Racaniello VR. Picornaviridae: The vi-\nruses and their replication. In: Knipe DM, Howley PM, editors. Fields virology, 5th ed., vol 1. Philadelphia: Lippincott Wil-liams and Wilkins; 2007. p. 795–838.\n 2. Oh DY , Silva PA, Hauroeder B, Diedrich \nS, Cardoso DD, Schreier E. Molecular characterization of the fi rst Aichi viruses \nisolated in Europe and in South America. Arch Virol. 2006;151:1199–206. DOI: 10.1007/s00705-005-0706-7\n 3. Pham NT, Khamrin P, Nguyen TA, Kanti \nDS, Phan TG, Okitsu S, et al. Isolation and molecular characterization of Aichi viruses from fecal specimens collected in Japan, Bangladesh, Thailand, and Viet-nam. J Clin Microbiol. 2007;45:2287–8. DOI: 10.1128/JCM.00525-07\n 4. Yamashita T, Sakae K, Kobayashi S, \nIshihara Y , Miyake T, Mubina A, et al. Isolation of cytopathic small round virus (Aichi virus) from Pakistani children and Japanese travelers from Southeast Asia. Microbiol Immunol. 1995;39:433–5.\n 5. Yamashita T, Ito M, Kabashima Y , Tsu-\nzuki H, Fujiura A, Sakae K. Isolation and characterization of a new species of kobuvirus associated with cattle. J Gen Virol. 2003;84:3069–77. DOI: 10.1099/vir.0.19266-0\n 6. Khamrin P, Maneekarn N, Peerakome \nS, Okitsu S, Mizuguchi M, Ushijima H. Bovine kobuviruses from cattle with diar-rhea. Emerg Infect Dis. 2008;14:985–6. DOI: 10.3201/eid1406.070784\n 7. Reuter G, Boldizsár A, Kiss I, Pank-\novics P. Candidate new species of Ko-\nbuvirus in porcine hosts. Emerg Infect \nDis. 2008;14:1968–70. DOI: 10.3201/eid1412.080797\n 8. Yu JM, Jin M, Zhang Q, Li HY , Li DD, Xu \nZQ, et al. Candidate porcine Kobuvirus, China. Emerg Infect Dis. 2009;15:823–5. DOI: 10.3201/eid1505.081518\n 9. Reuter G, Boldizsár A, Pankovics P. Com-\nplete nucleotide and amino acid sequences and genetic organization of porcine kobu-virus, a member of a new species in the genus Kobuvirus , family Picornaviri-\ndae. Arch Virol. 2009;154:101–8. DOI: \n10.1007/s00705-008-0288-2\n10. Tamura K, Dudley J, Nei M, Kumar S. \nMEGA4: molecular evolutionary genetics analysis (MEGA) software version 4.0. Mol Biol Evol. 2007;24:1596–9. DOI: 10.1093/molbev/msm092\nAddress for correspondence: Hiroshi Ushijima, \nAino Health Science Center, Aino University, Tokyo, 2-17-3 Shibuya, Shibuya-ku, Tokyo 150-0002, Japan; email: ushijima-hiroshi@jcom.home.ne.jp\n2076 Emerging Infectious Diseases • www.cdc.gov/eid • Vol. 15, No. 12, December 2009Figure. Phylogenetic analysis of the partial nucleotide sequence encoding the 3D region \nof porcine kobuviruses (in boldface ) isolated in Thailand, 2001–2003, and other reference \nstrains. The tree was generated on the basis of the neighbor-joining method by using the MEGA4 program ( 10). Scale bar indicates nucleotide substitutions per site.\n LETTERS\nRickettsia slovaca \nin Dermacentor \nmarginatus ticks, \nGermany \nTo the Editor: Dermacentor spp. \nticks are found in many countries in Europe, and are vectors for several pathogens, including Francisella tu-\nlarensis , Coxiella burnetii , Rickettsia \nspp., and Babesia canis (1,2). Be-\ncause Dermacentor marginatus ticks \nrequire warm dry habitats, these ticks are found in only a few areas in south-ern Germany, mainly in the Rhine and Main valleys ( 3). However, these ticks \nmay spread northwards because of in-creasing temperatures. In contrast, D. \nreticulatus ticks are present through-\nout Germany.\nFourteen Rickettsia spp. are cur-\nrently identi fi ed as human pathogens. \nThe severity of human diseases differs among these species, ranging from mild to lethal illness ( 4). On the basis \nof serologic and genotypical charac-teristics, rickettsiae are divided into ty-phus and spotted fever groups. Within each group, antigenic differences are small, resulting in cross-reactivity that complicates differentiation of Rickett-\nsia spp. by serologic methods. There-\nfore, PCR of eschar biopsy samples is a useful tool for diagnosis of rickett-sial diseases ( 5).\nLittle information exists regard-\ning the prevalence of Rickettsia spp. \nin D. marginatus and D. reticulatus \nticks in Germany. R. raoultii was re-\ncently detected in 23% of D. reticula-\ntus ticks ( 6). In 1977, Rehacek et al. \nidenti fi ed R. slovaca in 12% of Der-\nmacentor spp. ticks from southern \nBaden-Wuerttemberg ( 7). Since then, \nthis pathogen has not been detected in Germany. R. slovaca , a member of the \nspotted fever group, causes tick-borne lymphadenopathy, a relatively mild rickettsiosis ( 8). We report detection \nof R. slovaca in 5 of 666 Dermacen-\ntor spp. ticks from southern Germany. \nMoreover, we identi fi ed a case of tick-borne lymphadenopathy from \nRhineland-Palatinate.\nWe collected 666 adult Derma-\ncentor spp. ticks by blanket-dragging; \n26 were collected along the Main Riv-er near Aschaffenburg (Bavaria), and 640 from the Rhine Valley near Lör-rach (Baden-Wuerttemberg). Ticks were homogenized, and the DNA was isolated by using the Maxwell 16 Instrument (Promega, Madison, WI, USA). For detection of rickett-siae, a TaqMan real-time PCR with the LightCycler system (Roche Di-agnostics, Mannheim, Germany) was performed according to Wölfel et al. (9). A primer pair ampli fi ed a 70-bp \nfragment of the citrate synthase ( gltA) \ngene. All positive samples were also tested with a PCR speci fi c for the out-\ner membrane protein A ( rOmpA ) gene \n(10). This ampli fi cation yielded an \nrOmpA fragment of 532 bp. Ampli fi ed \nproducts were analyzed by agarose gel electrophoresis.\nFor identi fi cation of Rickettsia \nspp., ampli fi cation products of the \nrOmpA PCR were sequenced by using \nfl uorescence-labeled dideoxynucle-\notide technology (Applied Biosys-tems, Darmstadt, Germany). Separa-tion of sequenced fragments and data collection were performed by using an ABI PRISM 310 Genetic Analyzer (Applied Biosystems). All obtained se-quences were analyzed and compared by using BLAST (www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/BLAST).\nRickettsia spp. was detected by \nboth PCR methods in 31% of 666 Dermacentor spp. ticks examined. Se-\nquencing of part of the rOmpA gene \nshowed that sequences of 5 samples (0.75%) from Aschaffenburg were R. slovaca , showing 100% similarity \nwith a sequence deposited in GenBank (accession no. U43808). Only D. mar-\nginatus ticks from Aschaffenburg \nwere infected with R. slovaca , and 202 \nticks from Lörrach were infected with R. raoultii .\nWe also identi fi ed a case of R. slo-\nvaca infection in southern Rhineland-Palatinate. The patient reported a tick \nbite; the tick was identi fi ed as Der-\nmacentor spp. Fever, lymphadenopa-\nthy of submandibular lymph nodes, and exanthema at the site of the tick bite developed 7 days later. Serologic examinations by using an immuno-fl uorescent test (Focus Diagnostics, \nCypress, CA, USA) showed antibody titers of 64 for immunoglobulin (Ig) M and 1,024 for IgG against rickett-siae of the spotted fever group. These results indicated an acute rickettsial infection. Because of strong cross-reactivity among all species in the spotted fever group, we cannot dif-ferentiate between antibodies against R. slovaca and other species in this \ngroup.\nHowever, another immuno fl uo-\nrescent test for typhus group rick-ettsiae showed negative results, con-fi rming that the patient was infected \nwith spotted fever group rickettsiae. Results of PCRs speci fi\n c for gltA \nand rOmpA of the patient’s tick were \npositive. We identi fi ed R. slovaca by \nsequencing the rOmpA gene. The se-\nquence obtained showed 100% simi-larity with sequences in ticks from Aschaffenburg. Clinical symptoms, serologic results, and detection of R. \nslovaca in the tick from the patient \nstrongly indicate that the patient had tick-borne lymphadenopathy caused by R. slovaca .\nThe high prevalence of R. raoultii \nin Dermacentor spp. ticks is of con-\ncern because this species can also cause tick-borne lymphadenopathy, although R. raoultii is less pathogenic \nthan R. slovaca (8). Tick-borne lymph-\nadenopathy should be considered in the differential diagnosis of tick-borne diseases. The extent of the distribution of R. slovaca and R. raoultii in Ger-\nmany remains to be elucidated.\nThis study was supported by the \nLandesstiftung Baden-Wuerttemberg, Germany, and the Grimminger Stiftung für Anthropozoonosenforschung, Germany.\n Emerging Infectious Diseases • www.cdc.gov/eid • Vol. 15, No. 12, December 2009 2077 LETTERS\nSilvia Pluta, \nFriedemann Tewald, \nKathrin Hartelt, Rainer Oehme, \nPeter Kimmig, \nand Ute Mackenstedt\nAuthor af fi liations: University of Hohenheim, \nStuttgart, Germany (S. Pluta, P. Kimmig, U. Mackenstedt); Baden-Wuerttemberg State Health Of fi ce, Stuttgart (S. Pluta, K. Hartelt, \nR. Oehme); and Labor Enders and Partner, Stuttgart (F. Tewald)\nDOI: 10.3201/eid1512.090843\nReferences\n 1. Parola P, Raoult D. Ticks and tickborne \nbacterial diseases in humans: an emerg-ing infectious threat. Clin Infect Dis. 2001;32:897–928. DOI: 10.1086/319347\n 2. Krause PJ. Babesiosis. Med Clin North \nAm. 2002;86:361–73. DOI: 10.1016/S0025-7125(03)00092-0 3. Liebisch A, Rahman MS. Prevalence of \nthe ticks Dermacentor marginatus (Sulzer, \n1776) and Dermacentor reticulatus (Fabr-\nicius, 1794) and their importance as vec-tors of diseases in Germany [in German]. Tropenmed Parasitol. 1976;27:393–404.\n 4. Parola P, Paddock CD, Raoult D. Tick-borne \nrickettsioses around the world: emerging diseases challenging old concepts. Clin Microbiol Rev. 2005;18:719–56. DOI: 10.1128/CMR.18.4.719-756.2005\n 5. Raoult D, Roux V . Rickettsioses as para-\ndigms of new or emerging infectious dis-eases. Clin Microbiol Rev. 1997;10:694–719.\n 6. Dautel H, Dippel C, Oehme R, Hartelt \nK, Schettler E. Evidence for an increased geographical distribution of Dermacen-\ntor reticulatus in Germany and detection \nof Rickettsia sp. RpA4. Int J Med Micro-\nbiol. 2006;296(Suppl 40):149–56. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmm.2006.01.013\n 7. Rehacek J, Liebisch A, Urvölgyi J, Ko-\nvacova E. Rickettsiae of the spotted fever group isolated from Dermacentor margi-\nnatus ticks in south Germany. Zentralbl \nBakteriol [Orig A]. 1977;239:275–81. 8. Parola P, Rovery C, Rolain JM, Brouqui P, \nDavoust B, Raoult D. Rickettsia slovaca \nand R. raoultii in tick-borne rickettsioses. \nEmerg Infect Dis. 2009;15:1105–8. DOI: 10.3201/eid1507.081449\n 9. Wölfel R, Essbauer S, Dobler G. Di-\nagnostics of tick-borne rickettsioses in Germany: a modern concept for a ne-glected disease. Int J Med Microbiol. 2008;298(Suppl):368–74. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmm.2007.11.009\n10. Regnery RL, Spruill C, Plikaytis B. Ge-\nnotypic identi fi cation of rickettsiae and \nestimation of intraspecies sequence diver-gence for portions of two rickettsial genes. J Bacteriol. 1991;173:1576–89.\nAddress for correspondence: Silvia Pluta, \nDepartment of Parasitology, University of Hohenheim, Emil-Wolff-Straße 34, 70593 Stuttgart, Germany; email: silvia.pluta@rps.bwl.de\n2078 Emerging Infectious Diseases • www.cdc.gov/eid • Vol. 15, No. 12, December 2009\n BOOKS AND MEDIA\nFiloviruses: A \nCompendium of \n40 Years of \nEpidemiological, \nClinical, and \nLaboratory Studies\nJens H. Kuhn, author, \nCharles H. Calisher, editor\nSpringer-Verlag Wien, New York, \nNY, USA, 2008ISBN: 978-3-211-20670-6 Pages: 413 (includes CD-ROM); Price: US $279.00 E-book: www.springerlink.com/content/978-3-211-20670-6\nIn Filoviruses: A Compendium of \n40 Years of Epidemiological, Clinical, and Laboratory Studies, Jens Kuhn presents a complete review of every paper published on the subject, as well as hundreds of unpublished reports. In addition, most of the world’s known experts on fi loviruses contributed per-\nsonal data and anecdotes. A CD-ROM with a searchable list of all quoted ref-erences (≈4,500) is a useful addition \nto the book.\nThe author details the history of \nall Marburg and Ebola outbreaks dur-ing the 40 years from the discovery of \nMarburg in 1967 to the latest Marburg outbreak in 2007 in Uganda, includ-ing dif fi cult-to- fi nd information. The \nclinical and pathologic presentations of Ebola and Marburg diseases in human and animal models contain a substantial number of black and white and color illustrations. With the range of the Ebola and Marburg viruses still unknown and the search for the animal reservoirs ongoing, antibody serosur-veys in humans and animals have been conducted in most countries in Africa and in the Philippines after the Ebola Reston outbreaks; Kuhn dedicates a long chapter to this subject. All animal species tested are presented in tables but, more interestingly, also indexed at the end of the book. This information is particularly valuable for ecologists and epidemiologists searching for the reservoir of fi loviruses.\nKuhn explains the structure and \nreplication of the fi loviruses, with the \nactual role of each gene of the virus from entry into the target cells to pro-duction of infectious virus. He lists di-agnosis techniques and experimental treatments of the Marburg and Ebola diseases, from the traditional healers to the molecular antisenses RNA ap-proaches. In the past 10 years, preex-posure and postexposures vaccinations have resulted in tremendous progress in schedules, routes of administration, and more importantly, understanding mechanisms of action. Lack or ef fi -\ncacy of inactivated and live-attenuated constructs is reviewed of all testing in available animal models.\nThis book is not, and is not sup-\nposed to be, a critical review of the literature but is rather a compilation of all known information on fi lovi-\nruses by subject matter experts that is presented for fi lovirologists. Non-\nspecialist virologists, scientists, epi-demiologists, clinicians, and students interested in the subject will also fi nd \nthe book useful, but they will have to digest and analyze the information and then weigh the values and relevance of this incredible compendium of data.\nPierre Rollin\nAuthor af fi liation: Centers for Disease Con-\ntrol and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA\nDOI: 10.3201/eid1512.091044\nAddress for correspondence: Pierre Rollin, \nCenters for Disease Control and Prevention, Mailstop G14, 1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA; email: pyr3@cdc.gov\nErratum—Vol. 15, No. 11 \nA word was missing from a sentence in the \narticle Fatal Case of Enterovirus 71 Infection, France, 2007 (Vallet S, et al.). The second sen-tence of the article text should read: “The vi-rus is a leading cause of hand, foot, and mouth disease and, above all, is an emerging agent of acute central nervous system disease (aseptic meningitis, fl accid paralysis, encephalitis).” The \narticle has been corrected online (www.cdc.gov/eid/content/15/11/1837.htm). \nOrder your own copy of CDC's trusted travel \nmedicine desktop reference:\nCDC Health Information for \nInternational Travel 2010\nwww.us.elsevierhealth.com\n Emerging Infectious Diseases • www.cdc.gov/eid • Vol. 15, No. 12, December 2009 2079 2080 Emerging Infectious Diseases • www.cdc.gov/eid • Vol. 15, No. 12, December 2009ANOTHER DIMENSION\nDuring the summer of 2007, migratory joint pain de-\nveloped in my (E.B.B.) 86-year-old father, previously \nan ironworker, farmer, and World War II veteran. Because of occasional tick attachments, a Borrelia burgdorferi \nELISA was performed; antibodies were not detected, and no treatment was instituted. In the fall, subtle memory loss developed, and he fell twice a few weeks apart. Dad jok-ingly blamed the falls and the memory loss on “old timer’s disease.” Subsequently, episodes of subtle confusion and more frequent memory loss generated family concern as to what the future might hold. On December 15, he broke his left femur during a fall while climbing 2 stairs to enter our home. Despite having successfully climbed those stairs thousands of times in the past, he would never climb those or any other stairs again.\nRetrospectively obvious, a pattern of insidious ill-\nness characterized by joint pain, memory loss, and inco-ordination, not recognizable by my father or other family members, had begun before that summer. Medically stable historical problems included coronary artery disease, ath-erosclerosis, carotid artery occlusion, hypertension, and atrial fi brillation. During the previous year, a normocytic, \nnormochromic, nonregenerative anemia persisted. Despite normal serum iron, total iron binding capacity, ferritin, and vitamin B12 values, anemia was attributed to intestinal blood loss. When examined in May 2007, before anesthe-sia for endoscopy, mood and affect were appropriate, recent and remote memory were intact, insight and judgment were good. A hiatal hernia, mild antral gastritis, and duodenitis were visualized.Initial Hospitalization\nWhen my father was hospitalized December 15, 2007, \nwith a broken femur, a resting pill roll tremor and cogwheel rigidity were suggestive of Parkinson disease. Preoperative neurologic consultation identi fi ed severe confusion, inatten-\ntion, and an inability to answer questions. Short-term mem-ory and problem-solving abilities were decreased. There was mild ptosis of the right eye, normal cranial nerves, mild asterixis, and hand weakness. Laboratory abnormali-ties included anemia, hypercreatinemia, an elevated aspar-tate aminotransferase level, and hyperglobulinemia. Due to the severity of the femoral fracture, the femoral head was excised and replaced with a bipolar femoral prosthesis.\nPostoperatively, poor mentation was considered a se-\nquela of general anesthesia and peri-operative analgesics. For more than a week, dementia persisted. He did not rec-ognize family members and had near constant hallucino-genic activities, including agitation, tying knots, sawing motions, and constantly pulling covers, bed clothes, and fl uid lines. Severe hematuria developed after he pulled an \ninfl ated Foley catheter from his urethra. Concurrent gas-\ntrointestinal bleeding of undetermined cause necessitated multiple blood transfusions. Other complications included diffi culty swallowing and paralytic ileus. Repeat abdomi-\nnal radiographs, in conjunction with stool softeners and laxatives, failed to alleviate gastrointestinal complications. Eventually, he refused food and became severely bloated. Endoscopy performed on December 26 identi fi ed severe \nnecrotizing esophagitis, multiple plaques, and a stricture attributed to Candida albicans and herpes zoster. C. albi-\ncans esophagitis is known to accompany HIV infection, \nleukemia, or an unidenti fi ed source of immune suppres-\nsion ( 1,2). Shingles, caused by herpes zoster, occurred dur-\ning the previous Thanksgiving and can be associated with A Groundhog, a Novel Bartonella \nSequence, and My Father’s Death\nEdward B. Breitschwerdt, Ricardo G. Maggi, Maria Belen Cadenas, \nand Pedro Paulo Vissotto de Paiva Diniz\nAuthor af fi liation: North Carolina State University College of Veteri-\nnary Medicine, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA\nDOI: 10.3201/eid1512.090206 Emerging Infectious Diseases • www.cdc.gov/eid • Vol. 15, No. 12, December 2009 2081 immunosuppression, stress, or an aging immune system \n(3,4). Mentation and gastrointestinal abnormalities im-\nproved after starting treatment with fl uconazole, acyclo-\nvir, and symptomatic medications for erosive esophagitis. However, confusion, lack of orientation, hyponatremia, hy-pokalemia, and hyperglycemia remained problematic until discharge to a physical therapy center on December 31.\nSecond Hospitalization\nDuring the next week, strength and mental capacities \nimproved rapidly and discharge to the home environment was scheduled for January 9. On that morning and while driving to Maryland to build entry ramps, I was informed by cell phone that my father fell out of a chair and became nonverbal and that a stroke was suspected. For me, the roller coaster illness ultimately leading to his death would take an unbelievable turn of events. Upon his transfer to the neurology service, encephalopathy, asterixis, Parkinso-nian-type tremor, hypoactive re fl exes, pinpoint and mini-\nmally reactive pupils, and cogwheel rigidity were found. Verbal communication was absent, but he would grimace with pain whenever extremities were manipulated. An ur-gent computed tomography scan did not identify intracra-nial abnormalities.\nWhen I was a boy, my father used the expression \n“something is fi shy in Denmark” to imply that something \nwas astray. Based upon historical events, I suspected some-thing was being missed. Laboratory fi ndings included \nanemia (hemocrit 34%), a normal leukogram (leukocytes 9,100 cells/ μL, 2% band neutrophils), mild hypokalemia, \nhypoalbuminemia, hyperglycemia, increased serum alka-line phosphatase level, erythrocyte sedimentation rate of 79, and hypergammaglobulinemia. Thoracic radiographs identi fi ed mild bilateral pleural effusion. Because an un-\ndefi ned infectious source of immunosuppression seemed \nplausible, and fever (maximum temperature 38.6°C) oc-curred 24 hours after neurologic decompensation an in-fectious etiology was pursued. Nasal methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus , blood, urine, and cerebrospinal \nfl uid (CSF) cultures were negative. CSF results, including \nthose for special stains, were unremarkable. Serologic re-sults for Treponema pallidum, Borrelia burgdorferi , Rick-\nettsia rickettsii, Bartonella henselae, Bartonella quintana , \nand HIV were negative. Results of CSF herpes simplex PCR and a test for T. pallidum antibodies were negative. \nOn January 11, results of magnetic resonance imaging \nand magnetic resonance angiography were interpreted as a left posterior stroke with no active bleeding. Initial treat-ment included intravenous acyclovir, fl uconazole, vanco-\nmycin, ceftriaxone, ampicillin, and dexamethasone.Translational Research and the \nPractice of Medicine\nBecause I direct the Intracellular Pathogens Research \nLaboratory (IPRL) at the North Carolina State Univer-sity College of Veterinary Medicine, aseptically obtained blood and CSF samples were kindly provided for testing. Results of PCR ( 5,6) speci fi c for Anaplasma, Ehrlichia , \nand Rickettsia species were negative. Bartonella 16S–23S \nintergenic spacer primers ( 7) repeatedly generated ampli-\ncons of different sizes from blood and CSF, respectively. Compared with GenBank sequences, the blood amplicon was most similar (434/465bp) to Candidatus Bartonella \nvolans (strain FSq-1, EU294521) isolated from a south-ern fl ying squirrel ( Glaucomys volans ) and Candidatus \nBartonella durdenii (391/422bp) ampli fi ed from Orcho-\npeas howardi (GenBank accession no. DQ 336386), a fl ea \nfound on eastern US gray squirrels ( Scinrus carolinensis ), \nand a Bartonella sp. (446/492bp, EF125214) identi fi ed in \nground squirrels ( Spermophilus danricus ) in the People’s \nRepublic of China. The novel rodent Bartonella\n sequence \nobtained from my father’s blood had an 18-bp insert at positions 2047 or 334 in EU294521 and DQ336386, re-spectively. Previously, our laboratory had never worked with rodent Bartonella species and had never ampli fi ed a \n300-bp internal transcribed spacer region amplicon from >3,000 animal or human blood samples. After several un-successful cloning attempts, the CSF amplicon was most similar (393/394 bp) to B. henselae (NC-005956). Blood \nand CSF, cultured by using Bartonella α Proteobacte-\nria growth medium (BAPGM) ( 8), did not result in the \ngrowth of a Bartonella species.\nClinicians and Scientists Working Together\nAfter Bartonella PCR results became available, treat-\nment with piperacillin and tazobactam were continued for 3 weeks, until discharge. Levetiracetam was added to the patient’s treatment because a generalized seizure occurred shortly after antimicrobial drugs were given. On January 18, severe dependent edema of the right elbow resulted in fl uid leakage through intact skin. For 3 weeks, Dad re-\nmained semicomatose, disoriented, agitated, and enceph-alopathic. Hallucinations continued, accompanied by fre-quent involuntary motor movements. Diabetes mellitus and a large decubital ulcer on the right heel developed. During the fourth week, mentation improved, and he could rise and stand for brief periods. On January 28, he was discharged to a rehabilitation facility, with instructions to receive doxycycline and rifampin 2 ×/d for 13 days. Blood samples, \nobtained aseptically before discharge, were again submit-ted to the IPRL. After BAPGM pre-enrichment and subcul-ture, B. vinsonii subsp. berkhof fi i genotype II was isolated, \nand sequential serologic testing identi fi ed a rising titer to ANOTHER DIMENSION 2082 Emerging Infectious Diseases • www.cdc.gov/eid • Vol. 15, No. 12, December 2009ANOTHER DIMENSION\nB. vinsonii subsp. berkhof fi i but did not detect B. henselae \nantibodies (Table). After a brief, emotionally traumatic stay at the rehabilitation facility, Dad returned home to be cared for by 4 sons, his wife of 60 years, and other family mem-bers. Each week a different son slept by his bed, which was relocated to the family living room.\nHome Again at Last\nDuring the next 3 weeks, there was substantial and pro-\ngressive improvement in physical capabilities and a return of normal mental capabilities, including exceptional short- and long-term memory. Appetite normalized, and despite severe atrophy, muscle strength increased so he could stand, walk with assistance, and, although a daily struggle, access the bathroom. A February 10 blood sample obtained while he was receiving oral antimicrobial drugs was Bartonella \nPCR negative, and no bacteria were isolated in BAPGM. During this precious 3 weeks, our father joked, laughed, and vividly recalled wartime friends and other experiences. On March 1, 2008, he opened Christmas presents with our family. I should have been there.\nThird and Final Hospitalization\nOn March 4, ≈2 weeks after the course of oral antibi-\notics was completed, agitation and disorientation returned, and mental status deteriorated. Within 24 hours, Dad was hospitalized, where fi ne motor tremors of the right hand \nand wrist, asymmetric edema involving the right leg, and edema of the penis and scrotum were noted. He was afebrile and nonverbal and could not follow simple commands. He-matocrit was 30.2%, platelet count 557,000 cells/ μL, and \nleukocyte count 7,800 cells/ μL with a normal differential \ncount. Serum biochemical abnormalities included hyper-glycemia (glucose 218 mg/dL), hyperglobulinemia (3.6 g/dL), and increased alkaline phosphatase activity (169 IU/L). Urinalysis abnormalities included proteinuria with occasional hyaline casts. Lorazepam was administered to control the agitation \nand restlessness. The warfarin dose was increased and heparinization initiated for a potential cerebrovascular accident. Due to the prior documentation of Bartonella \ninfection, intravenous doxycycline, rifampin, and gen-tamicin were administered, and total parenteral nutrition was instituted. Again, shortly after initiation of antimi-crobial drugs, a seizure occurred. Bartonella spp. were \nnot ampli fi ed or isolated from a 1-mL blood sample ob-\ntained 4 days after initiation of treatment with antimicro-bial drugs. During the next 3 weeks, while intravenous antimicrobial drugs were administered, our father again remained encephalopathic, with frequent hallucinations, severe agitation, and near-constant mental confusion. On March 14, intravenous methylprednisolone for potential immune-mediated vasculitis elicited no improvement in mental status. Similar to the previous treatment course, improvement in mental status, coherent communication, and renewed ability to recognize family members oc-curred during the fourth hospitalization week.\nA Battle Lost\nOn April 4, Dad was discharged to our home and oral \nantimicrobial drugs (doxycycline and rifampin) were dis-pensed. Despite all efforts by medical professionals, mem-bers of our family, and our tough 86-year-old father, pro-tracted illness and prolonged hospitalizations had resulted in mental and physical debilitation, severe muscle wasting, and profound weakness. More important, he had lost his desire to live. After discharge, there was minimal neuro-logic improvement. Before the availability of April 4 IPRL test results, he began to refuse all medications. The identi-cal rodent Bartonella DNA sequence was again ampli fi ed \nfrom his blood, but no bacteria were isolated. \nFour weeks later my father died, on Friday, May 2, \nat 5 \nPM, around quitting time for an old iron worker. My \nmother and youngest brother were at his side. After his Table. PCR, blood, and CSF Bartonella spp. culture and serologic results from an 86-year-old man with recent onset arthritis, memory \nloss, and encephalopathy* \nSerologic results (titers) BAPGM enrichment platform \nDate Location and sample type B.\nhenselaeB. vinsonii subsp. \nberkhoffii Direct extraction Pre-enrichment \ncultureBartonella\nisolate\n2005 Sep 23 Home/blood NA NA Neg Neg NIO\n2006 Aug 19 Home/blood NA NA Neg Neg NIO\n2008 Jan 11 Hospital 2/blood NA NA B. volans –like Neg NIO\nHospital 2/CSF NT NT B. henselae Neg NIO\n2008 Jan 28 Hospital 2/EDTA blood 16 16 Neg Neg Bvb II \nHospital 2/ACD blood NA NA Neg Neg Bvb II \n2008 Feb 10 Home/blood <16 128 Neg Neg NIO\n2008 Mar 11 Hospital 3/blood <16 64 Neg Neg NIO\n2008 Apr 4 Hospital 3/blood <16 32 B. volans –like Neg Neg\n2008 Apr 28 Home/blood 16 64 Neg Bvb II Neg\n*CSF, cerebrospinal fluid; BAPGM, Bartonella Į Proteobacteria growth medium; NA, no available serum; Neg, DNA was not amplified by using Bartonella\n16S–23S intergenic spacer primers; NIO, no isolate obtained by subculture after BAPGM pre-enrichment culture; Hospital 2, secon d hospitalization; NT, \nnot tested; ACD, acid-citrate-dextrose; BvbII, B. vinsonii subsp. berkhoffii genotype II; Hospital 3, third hospitalization. Emerging Infectious Diseases • www.cdc.gov/eid • Vol. 15, No. 12, December 2009 2083 death, blood culture results from another sample obtained \nby the hospice nurse on April 28, 2008, became available. B. vinsonii subsp. berkhof fi i genotype II was ampli fi ed and \nsequenced from the enrichment BAPGM blood culture. As direct extraction of DNA from blood was negative, growth of viable bacteria in liquid culture was implicated ( 8,9).\nGroundhogs, Fleas, and the Genus Bartonella\nFollowing our father’s death, I recalled a small, 0.5-cm, \nraised, fi rm lesion within his right eyebrow that developed \nduring the summer of 2007 and would spontaneously hurt or burn, causing him to rub or squeeze the lesion. The mass disappeared after he began taking antimicrobial drugs in 2008. Retrospectively, I suspected a rodent fl ea bite above \nthe eye had transmitted a novel Bartonella species, which \nwe sequenced from his blood after each hospitalization. All known Bartonella spp. have preferential animal reser-\nvoir hosts, and each uses arthropods or animal bites and scratches as the primary modes of transmission ( 10–12). \nDad would occasionally capture mice, rats, skunks, and groundhogs in the barns. Groundhogs were transported in the car trunk to a distant location for release, potentially leaving behind fl eas. Therefore, 3 Candidatus Bartonella \nspp. isolates were provided by Dr. William Nicholson, a colleague at the Centers for Disease Control and Preven-tion in Atlanta. After sequencing, the 16S–23S intergenic spacer region of a ground squirrel ( Candidatus Bartonella \ndurdenii), a fl ying squirrel ( Candidatus Bartonella volans), \nand a groundhog ( Candidatus Bartonella monaxi) isolate, \nthe most similar GenBank sequence was Candidatus Bar-\ntonella volans. There was no perfect match with these 3 iso-lates. However, sequences from Dad’s blood clustered with a squirrel Bartonella subgroup. This observation supports \nthe presence of a novel Bartonella species on the eastern \nshore of Maryland, an as yet unde fi ned animal reservoir, \nand an unknown arthropod vector.\nRegardless of the mode(s) of transmission, repeated \nmolecular documentation of a novel rodent Bartonella sp. \nand B. vinsonii subsp. berkhof fi i supports the unexpected \nfailure of 2 intensive courses of intravenous and oral anti-microbial drugs to eliminate these fastidious, intravascular bacteria. During the fi rst two hospitalization periods, there \nwas similar and progressive improvement in neurologic signs and mental capabilities that began during the fourth week of antimicrobial drug administration. Pre-enrichment BAPGM growth of B. vinsonii subsp. berkhof fi i from blood \nobtained 4 days before death supports persistence of viable organisms. Recently, antimicrobial drug resistance genes have been characterized in B. bacilliformis , B. henselae , \nand B. quintana by in vitro serial passage ( 13–15). Retro-\nspectively, the relapse in encephalopathic signs might have been avoided if antimicrobial drugs were continued for a larger interval after discharge from hospital 2, and blood cultures were optimally obtained and sequentially tested to \nconfi rm therapeutic elimination. \nElimination of Bartonella spp. by antimicrobial drugs \nin immunocompetent patients may be more dif fi cult to \nachieve than is currently appreciated ( 16). Although co-\ninfection with B. henselae and B. vinsonii subsp. berk-\nhoffi i has been previously reported, DNA of 3 Bartonella \nspp. was detected in our father. Based on repeatable PCR testing, a small quantity of B. henselae DNA was in the \nJanuary CSF sample. Because PCR amplicon contamina-tion was never detected in any negative control, laboratory error is considered unlikely. Although the BAPGM enrich-ment approach has improved molecular detection and iso-lation of some Bartonella spp. from human patient samples \n(9,16–18), a rodent Bartonella sp. isolate was not obtained. \nUnfortunately, 8 weeks can be required from inoculation of BAPGM until a subculture agar plate isolate is character-ized by DNA sequencing. Therefore, IPRL test results were often not available to Dad’s physicians in a timely manner.\nAge, Bartonella spp., and Immune Suppression?\nSuspicion of an undetermined source of immune sup-\npression and recent tick exposures were primary factors motivating testing in the IPRL. Previously, B. vinsonii \nsubsp. berkhof fi i was shown to induce immunosuppression \nin experimentally infected dogs ( 19,20). In retrospect, oc-\ncult infection with Bartonella spp. may have contributed \nto shingles at Thanksgiving and necrotizing C. albicans \nesophagitis after hospitalization for the fractured femur. Recently, B. quintana lipopolysaccharide was found to have \nantiin fl ammatory properties ( 21). Immune suppressive fac-\ntors may facilitate persistent intravascular Bartonella in-\nfection without inducing obvious infection indicators, such as fever, tachycardia, leukocytosis, and CSF pleocytosis. Fever was documented once and mild neutrophilia for 3 of 48 blood counts. Thrombocytosis, previously associated with B. henselae (22), was documented 14 times.\nEcologic Complexity of Bartonella spp.\nBecause of my father’s long-standing atherosclerosis \nand because BAPGM will grow a spectrum of seemingly diffi cult to isolate bacteria ( 8,23), pre-enrichment blood \ncultures and Bartonella internal transcribed spacer region \nPCR had been performed in September 2005 and August 2006 (Table). Bartonella spp. were not ampli fi ed or iso-\nlated, which suggests infection occurred after the summer of 2006. Transmission of B. henselae, B. vinsonii subsp. \nberkhof fi i\n, and B. alsatica can occur as a result of a scratch \nfrom a cat, a dog, or a wild rabbit, respectively ( 17,24–26). \nCats are the primary reservoir for B. henselae , whereas \ndogs and coyotes are the only reported reservoir hosts for B. vinsonii subsp. berkhof fi i genotype II in North America \n(27). Recently, B. vinsonii subsp. berkhof fi i genotype II was ANOTHER DIMENSION 2084 Emerging Infectious Diseases • www.cdc.gov/eid • Vol. 15, No. 12, December 2009ANOTHER DIMENSION\nisolated by BAPGM blood culture from a cat with recur-\nrent osteomyelitis (E.B. Breitschwerdt, unpub. data), which suggests that a bacteremic cat might facilitate transmission of this subspecies. My parents had an old ( ≈21 years of \nage) exclusively outdoor barn cat that would occasional-ly scratch. The cat could not be tested because it died in 2007. B. henselae and B. clarridgeae have been transmit-\nted experimentally by transfusion to cats ( 24). Because B. \nvinsonii subsp. berkhof fi i seroconversion occurred during \nhospitalization, transfusion-associated transmission is also possible. The exact timing and mode of transmission of B. \nhenselae, B. vinsonii subsp. berkhof fi i, and the rodent Bar-\ntonella sp. to our father cannot be established. However, his \nillness serves to illustrate the medical and ecologic com-plexity of this genus.\nOccult Infection and Chronic Illness\nReconstructing the history of a chronic illness is al-\nways dif fi cult and remains an unexacting science due to \nknown, unknown, and undetermined factors that in fl uence \ndisease expression over time. Experimental studies that used rodent models have emphasized the ability of Bar-\ntonella spp. to invade erythrocytes and vascular endothe-\nlial cells ( 28). In vitro studies indicate that B. henselae can \ninfect macrophages, microgial cells, dendritic cells, and CD34+ progenitor cells ( 29). B. henselae and B. vinsonii \nsubsp. berkhof fi i have been ampli fi ed from dog lymph node \naspiration samples ( 30). Thus in a given patient, Bartonella \norganisms likely infect a substantial number of cellular targets. B. henselae infection induces chronic arthritis in a \nsubset of cat scratch disease (CSD) patients, and atypical CSD manifestations are more likely to develop in elderly patients ( 31,32). In the context of arthritis, B. henselae and \nB. vinsonii subsp. berkhof fi i were repeatedly isolated from \njoint fl uid from a dog in which repeated antimicrobial drug \ntherapy was not successful ( 33). Although a spectrum of \nacute and generally self-limiting neurologic manifestations have been historically described in CSD patients, B. hense-\nlae and B. vinsonii subsp. berkhof fi i were only recently iso-\nlated from patients with chronic neurologic and neurocog-\nnitive abnormalities ( 16).\nWe propose that the initial arthritic signs, short-term \nmemory loss, and incoordination were premonitory signs of Bartonella spp. infection, and that persistent infection \ncontributed to localized edema, nonregenerative anemia, thrombocytosis, hyperglobulinemia, and a protracted de-bilitating illness accompanied by hallucinations, agitation, seizures, and death. Agitation, disorientation, and combat-ive behavior have been reported in association with CSD and physicians have implicated Bartonella spp. as con-\ntributors to agitation and treatment-resistant depression (34,35). Memory loss and a spectrum of neurocognitive \ncomplaints have also been reported in immunocompetent persons infected with B. vinsonii subsp. berkhof fi i and B. \nhenselae (9,16,17).\nMy Father and “One Medicine”\nIn recent years, there has been renewed interest in the \nconcept of “One Medicine” ( 36). I hope that lessons from \nmy father’s death can reinforce the importance of “One Medicine.” However, as in the past, rhetoric may not result in needed increases in resource allocation to enhance edu-cational, research, service, and public health capabilities of the veterinary profession ( 37). In the context of vector-\nborne infectious diseases, zoonotic diseases, food safety, zoologic medicine, and environmental medicine and eco-system health, to name a few areas, veterinarians continue to make major contributions that ensure and enhance the daily health of animals and humans. Because of a research focus in comparative infectious diseases and knowledge of the biologic, immunologic, and pathophysiologic behavior of Bartonella spp. in a spectrum of animal species, a vet-\nerinary research laboratory was able to assist with the man-agement of my father’s illness.\nAs is often true of research at the bedside and the lab-\noratory bench, new lessons and challenges arose from the collective efforts of doctors, nurses, veterinarians, research scientists, and others attempting to heal my father. I and my family remain sincerely grateful to the many doctors, nurses, and other caregivers who contributed to the management of my father’s surgical and medical problems. Because of the severe encephalopathic and combative nature of his behav-ior, this was frequently not an easy or pleasant task. Dur-ing his illness, I was struck by several items: 1) most nurses are absolutely amazing, caring, and dedicated profession-als; 2) in human medicine, unlike veterinary medicine, no physician claimed or accepted the responsibility to be my father’s doctor; and 3) for many reasons, I found the human healthcare system to be frayed, if not broken. Whether blame lies with the insurance companies, our litigious society, the profi t-based motivations of hospital administration, the in-\ncreased complexity of medical technology, or the medical education of physicians, it really does not matter. As my fa-ther would say, “It is no way to do business.” I have taught internal medicine at a College of Veterinary Medicine for 32 years. During that time, every sick animal on our medical service had at least 2 doctors (1 being a student), who were directly responsible for the animal’s care, for frequent com-munications with the owner, and for communications with the referring veterinarian. In our increasingly complex hos-pital environments, every patient needs a personal advocate or designated doctor to represent his or her interests.\nEpilogue\nSome years ago in a conversation with my mother I \nsuggested that the term natural death may well represent an Emerging Infectious Diseases • www.cdc.gov/eid • Vol. 15, No. 12, December 2009 2085 oversimpli fi cation of the processes that end a person’s life. \nMy father and our family were substantially affected dur-ing his illness. Each day, from initial hospitalization until his death, there was at least 1 family member at his side. In the eyes of family and friends, my father was a great man in so many respects. He was a loving husband, a car-ing father, diligent worker, and a friend and supporter to many persons. Potentially, his illness illustrates a complex interaction between intravascular Bartonella infection and \ncomplex disease expression, provides documentation for an as yet uncharacterized zoonotic rodent Bartonella sp., \nand offers disconcerting evidence supporting antimicrobial drug ineffectiveness and clinical evidence supporting the concept that persistent infection with >1 Bartonella spp. \nmay lead to immunosuppression and opportunistic infec-tions with organisms such as herpes zoster and C. albicans . \nAs in his life, Dad would want this story to bene fi t others \nafter his death. We hope that it does.\nAcknowledgements\n We thank William Nicholson for providing the Candidatus \nBartonella isolates for comparative DNA sequencing, Natalie \nCherry for sequencing the internal transcribed spacer region of the 3 Candidatus isolates, Julie Bradley for performing serologic \ntesting, Barbara Hegarty for preparing Bartonella antigens, and \nTonya Lee for providing editorial assistance.\nDr Breitschwerdt is a professor of medicine and director of \nthe Intracellular Pathogens Research Laboratory, Center for Com-parative Medicine and Translational Research, College of Veteri-nary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC. His research interests include diagnosis and treatment of vector-borne intracellular pathogens.\nReferences\n 1. Manfredi R, Sabbatani S, Calza L. Recurring Candida albicans \nesophagitis in a HIV-infected patient undergoing long-term an-tiretroviral therapy, and with absent-negligible immunode fi -\nciency. Braz J Infect Dis. 2007;11:605–9. DOI: 10.1590/S1413-86702007000600016\n 2. Klingspor L, Stintzing G, Tollemar J. Deep Candida infection in chil-\ndren with leukaemia: clinical presentations, diagnosis and outcome. Acta Paediatr. 1997;86:30–6. DOI: 10. 1111/j.1651-2227.1997.\ntb08827.x\n 3. Schmader KE, Dworkin RH. Natural history and treatment of herpes \nzoster. J Pain. 2008;9:S3–9. DOI: 10.1016/j.jpain.2007.10.002\n 4. Schmader K. Herpes zoster in the elderly: issues related to geriatrics. \nClin Infect Dis. 1999;28:736–9. DOI: 10.1086/515205\n 5. Kidd L, Maggi R, Diniz PP, Hegarty B, Tucker M, Breitschwerdt E. \nEvaluation of conventional and real-time PCR assays for detection \nand differentiation of spotted fever group Rickettsia in dog blood. Vet \nMicrobiol. 2008;129:294–303. DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2007.11.035\n 6. Beall MJ, Chandrashekar R, Eberts MD, Cyr KE, Diniz PP, Main-\nville C, et al. Serological and molecular prevalence of Borrelia burg-\ndorferi, Anaplasma phagocytophilum , and Ehrlichia species in dogs \nfrom Minnesota. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis. 2008;8:455–64. DOI: 10.1089/vbz.2007.0236 7. Diniz PP, Maggi RG, Schwartz DS, Cadenas MB, Bradley JM, \nHegarty B, et al. Canine bartonellosis: serological and molecu-lar prevalence in Brazil and evidence of co-infection with Barto-\nnella henselae and Bartonella vinsonii subsp. berkhof fi i. Vet Res. \n2007;38:697–710. DOI: 10.1051/vetres:2007023\n 8. Duncan AW, Maggi RG, Breitschwerdt EB. A combined approach \nfor the enhanced detection and isolation of Bartonella species in dog \nblood samples: pre-enrichment liquid culture followed by PCR and subculture onto agar plates. J Microbiol Methods. 2007;69:273–81. DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2007.01.010\n 9. Breitschwerdt EB, Maggi RG, Duncan AW, Nicholson WL, Hegarty \nBC, Woods CW. Bartonella species in blood of immunocompe-\ntent persons with animal and arthropod contact. Emerg Infect Dis. 2007;13:938–41.\n10. Jacomo V , Kelly PJ, Raoult D. Natural history of Bartonella infec-\ntions (an exception to Koch’s postulate). Clin Diagn Lab Immunol. 2002;9:8–18.\n11. Billeter SA, Levy MG, Chomel BB, Breitschwerdt EB. Vector trans-\nmission of Bartonella species with emphasis on the potential for \ntick transmission. Med Vet Entomol. 2008;22:1–15. DOI: 10. 1111/\nj.1365-2915.2008.00713.x\n12. Billeter SA, Miller MK, Breitschwerdt EB, Levy MG. Detection of \ntwo Bartonella tamiae-like sequences in Amblyomma americanum \n(Acari: Ixodidae) using 16S–23S intergenic spacer region-speci fi c \nprimers. J Med Entomol. 2008;45:176–9. DOI: 10.1603/0022-2585-(2008)45[176:DOTBTS]2.0.CO;2\n13. Meghari S, Rolain JM, Grau GE, Platt E, Barrassi L, Mege JL, \net al. Antiangiogenic effect of erythromycin: an in vitro model of Bartonella quintana infection. J Infect Dis. 2006;193:380–6. DOI: \n10.1086/499276\n14. Biswas S, Raoult D, Rolain JM. Molecular characterization of re-\nsistance to macrolides in Bartonella henselae. Antimicrob Agents \nChemother. 2006;50:3192–3. DOI: 10.1128/AAC.00263-06\n15. Biswas S, Raoult D, Rolain JM. Molecular mechanisms of resistance \nto antibiotics in Bartonella bacilliformis. J Antimicrob Chemother. \n2007;59:1065–70. DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkm105\n16. Breitschwerdt EB, Maggi RG, Nicholson WL, Cherry NA, Woods \nCW. Bartonella spp. bacteremia in patients with neurological and \nneuro-cognitive dysfunction. J Clin Microbiol. 2008;46:2856–61. DOI: 10.1128/JCM.00832-08\n17. Breitschwerdt EB, Maggi RG, Sigmon B, Nicholson WL. Isolation \nof Bartonella quintana from a woman and a cat following putative \nbite transmission. J Clin Microbiol. 2007;45:270–2. DOI: 10.1128/JCM.01451-06\n18. Maggi RG, Kosoy M, Mintzer M, Breitschwerdt EB. Isolation of \nCandidatus Bartonella melophagi from human blood. Emerg Infect \nDis. 2009;15:66–8. DOI: 10.3201/eid1501.081080\n19. Pappalardo BL, Brown T, Gebhardt D, Sontakke S, Breitschwerdt \nEB. Cyclic CD8+ lymphopenia in dogs experimentally infected with Bartonella vinsonii subsp. berkhof fi i. Vet Immunol Immunopathol. \n2000;75:43–57. DOI: 10.1016/S0165-2427(00)00182-3\n20. Pappalardo BL, Brown TT, Tompkins M, Breitschwerdt EB. Im-\nmunopathology of Bartonella vinsonii (berkhof fi i) in experimentally \ninfected dogs. Vet Immunol Immunopathol. 2001;83:125–47. DOI: 10.1016/S0165-2427(01)00372-5\n21. Popa C, Abdollahi-Roodsaz S, Joosten LA, Takahashi N, Sprong T, \nMatera G, et al. Bartonella quintana lipopolysaccharide is a natural \nantagonist of Toll-like receptor 4. Infect Immun. 2007;75:4831–7. DOI: 10.1128/IAI.00237-07\n22. Mexas AM, Hancock SI, Breitschwerdt EB. Bartonella henselae and \nBartonella elizabethae as potential canine pathogens. J Clin Micro-\nbiol. 2002;40:4670–4. DOI: 10.1128/JCM.40.12.4670-4674.2002\n23. Maggi RG, Duncan AW, Breitschwerdt EB. Novel chemically \nmodifi ed liquid medium that will support the growth of seven Bar-\ntonella species. J Clin Microbiol. 2005;43:2651–5. DOI: 10.1128/\nJCM.43.6.2651-2655.2005ANOTHER DIMENSION 2086 Emerging Infectious Diseases • www.cdc.gov/eid • Vol. 15, No. 12, December 2009ANOTHER DIMENSION\n24. Breitschwerdt EB, Kordick DL. Bartonella infection in animals: \ncarriership, reservoir potential, pathogenicity, and zoonotic poten-tial for human infection. Clin Microbiol Rev. 2000;13:428–38. DOI: 10.1128/CMR.13.3.428-438.2000\n25. Chomel BB, Boulouis HJ, Breitschwerdt EB. Cat scratch disease \nand other zoonotic Bartonella infections. J Am Vet Med Assoc. \n2004;224:1270–9. DOI: 10.2460/javma.2004.224.1270\n26. Chomel BB, Boulouis HJ, Maruyama S, Breitschwerdt EB. Barto-\nnella spp. in pets and effect on human health. Emerg Infect Dis. \n2006;12:389–94.\n27. Maggi RG, Chomel B, Hegarty BC, Henn J, Breitschwerdt EB. A \nBartonella vinsonii berkhof fi i typing scheme based upon 16S–23S \nITS and Pap31 sequences from dog, coyote, gray fox, and hu-man isolates. Mol Cell Probes. 2006;20:128–34. DOI: 10.1016/j.mcp.2005.11.002\n28. Dehio C. Bartonella interactions with endothelial cells and erythro-\ncytes. Trends Microbiol. 2001;9:279–85. DOI: 10.1016/S0966-842-X(01)02047-9\n29. Mandle T, Einsele H, Schaller M, Neumann D, V ogel W, Autenrieth \nIB, et al. Infection of human CD34+ progenitor cells with Bartonella \nhenselae results in intraerythrocytic presence of B. henselae. Blood. \n2005;106:1215–22. DOI: 10.1182/blood-2004-12-4670\n30. Duncan AW, Marr HS, Birkenheuer AJ, Maggi RG, Williams LE, \nCorrea MT, et al. Bartonella DNA in the blood and lymph nodes of \ngolden retrievers with lymphoma and in healthy controls. J Vet In-tern Med. 2008;22:89–95. DOI: 10. 1111/j.1939-1676.2007.0018.x\n31. Maman E, Bickels J, Ephros M, Paran D, Comaneshter D, Metzkor-\nCotter E, et al. Musculoskeletal manifestations of cat scratch dis-ease. Clin Infect Dis. 2007;45:1535–40. DOI: 10.1086/52358732. Giladi M, Maman E, Paran D, Bickels J, Comaneshter D, Avidor B, \net al. Cat-scratch disease-associated arthropathy. Arthritis Rheum. 2005;52:3611–7. DOI: 10.1002/art.21411\n33. Diniz PP, Wood M, Maggi RG, Sontakke S, Stepnik M, Breithschw-\nerdt EB. Co-isolation of Bartonella henselae and Bartonella vinsonii \nsubsp. berkhof fi i from blood, joint and subcutaneous seroma fl uids \nfrom two naturally infected dogs. Vet Microbiol. 2009;138:368–72.\n34. Harvey RA, Misselbeck WJ, Uphold RE. Cat-scratch disease: an un-\nusual cause of combative behavior. Am J Emerg Med. 1991;9:52–3. DOI: 10.1016/0735-6757(91)90016-D\n35. Schaller JL, Burkland GA, Do Langhoff PJ. Bartonella infections \ncause agitation, panic disorder, and treatment-resistant depression? MedGenMed. 2007;9:54.\n36. King LJ, Anderson LR, Blackmore CG, Blackwell MJ, Lautner EA, \nMarcus LC, et al. Executive summary of the A VMA One Health Ini-tiative Task Force report. J Am Vet Med Assoc. 2008;233:259–61. DOI: 10.2460/javma.233.2.259\n37. Science CotNnfRiV . Critical needs for research in veterinary sci-\nence. Committee on the National Needs for Research in Veterinary Science. Washington: National Research Council of the National Academies; 2001. p. 222.\nAddress for correspondence: Edward B. Breitschwerdt, College of \nVeterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, 4700 Hillsborough St, Research Bldg, Rm 454, Raleigh, NC 27606, USA; email: ed_breitschwerdt@ncsu.edu\n ABOUT THE COVER\n“I wed art. It is my husband ―my world ―my life-\ndream―the air I breathe,” said Rosa Bonheur, ex-\nplaining her life choices. “Art is absorbent ―a tyrant. It de-\nmands heart, brain, soul, body, the entireness of its votary.” A native of Bordeaux, France, Bonheur was betrothed to art early in life, born into a family of artists. They moved to Paris when she was still a young child. Precocious and headstrong, she had to be coaxed to learn how to read by her mother, who had her select and draw an animal for each letter of the alphabet. Bonheur later attributed her love of drawing animals to this early practice.\nDuring her early days in Paris when the family lived in \nan apartment, she kept a small menagerie of ducks, rabbits, squirrels, and a sheep that had to be carried up and down the stairs regularly. Expelled from traditional schools for rebelliousness by age 12 and refusing to apprentice with a seamstress, another conventional option, she was turned over to her father Raimond Bonheur, a painter, sculptor, and educator, for instruction. She showed herself a dili-gent and conscientious art student and soon began copying masterpieces at the Louvre. She assisted him with painting \ncommissions and excelled as sculptor. She started visiting Paris abattoirs and the École nationale vétérinaire d’Alfort to learn animal anatomy by dissecting carcasses. “Oh! You’ve got to be devoted to art to live in pools of blood, surrounded by butchers.”\nShe also attended horse fairs and farmers’ markets to \nobserve animals’ emotions and behavior. During these out-ings, “I was forced to recognize that the clothing of my sex was a constant bother. That is why I decided to solicit the authorization to wear men’s clothing from the prefect of police. But the suit I wear is my work attire and noth-ing else.” Despite her protestations, Bonheur’s independent thinking, original approach to societal restrictions, and bo-hemian lifestyle created an aura of notoriety about her that at times eclipsed her artistic accomplishments.\nShe met and became friends with Étienne Geoffroy \nSaint-Hilaire and his son, Isidore, renowned anatomists and zoologists. Her sympathetic portrayal of animals was in-fl uenced by their studies in natural history, particularly the \nfather’s unity of composition principle. He believed that all organisms shared the same underlying design and that diversity in external form was simple variation. If birds and reptiles are built on a single plan, “an accident that befell \n Emerging Infectious Diseases • www.cdc.gov/eid • Vol. 15, No. 12, December 2009 2087 \nRosa Bonheur (1822–1899) Plowing in Nivernais (1850) Oil on canvas (133.4 cm × 259.1 cm) SN433 Collection of the John and Mable \nRingling Museum of Art, the State Art Museum of Florida, a Division of Florida State University\n“I think I could turn and live with animals”\n—Walt Whitman\nPolyxeni Potter\nAuthor af fi liation: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, At-\nlanta, Georgia, USA\nDOI: 10.3201/eid1512.000000 ABOUT THE COVER\none of the reptiles … could develop in every part of the \nbody the conditions of the ornithological type.”\nBonheur’s style was part of the realist movement of \nthe mid-1800s, led by Gustave Courbet and Jean-François Millet. In this style, which relied on direct observation and meticulous draftsmanship, naturalism was aligned with social causes and the labor movement. Despite prevailing trends, which favored rural life, the plight of peasants, and the ills of growing industrialization, she chose animals as her subjects. Even in rural scenes, her focus was on them. Her af fi nity to animals and her devotion to showing them \nin their natural environment established her as the foremost animalière of her century, one of the best of all time.\nAlthough she was aware of the impressionists, Bon-\nheur did not adopt their style. For inspiration she turned in-stead to the Parthenon friezes and the romantic paintings of horses by Théodore Géricault and Eugène Delacroix. She was also in fl uenced by her friend, the acclaimed English \nanimal painter Edward Landseer.\nHer work attracted early attention. She began exhibit-\ning in the Salon at age 19 and continued to exhibit there successfully over many years. She stopped showing sculp-ture when she became aware of her brother Isidore’s talent in that art. She “did not want to hinder [his] artistic career.” Her painting Cows and Bulls of the Cantal received a gold medal at the Salon. After this success she received a com-mission from the government to create a painting of ani-mals at work in the fi elds. The work, Plowing in Nivernais, \nwas very well received.\nWhen her father died, she succeeded him as director of \nthe art school for girls where he had worked. At that time she also established a studio with friend and fellow artist Nathalie Micas and began to work on massive paintings of horses. One of these, The Horse Fair, became a sensa-tion and attracted the attention of Britain’s Queen Victoria. Bonheur’s fame was far-reaching. She received the Cross of San Carlos of Mexico; membership in the Académie des Beaux-Arts of Antwerp, Belgium; the Commander’s Cross of the Royal Order of Isabella from Spain’s Alphonso XII; and the French Legion of Honor. She handled fame grace-fully and wore the medals.\nAs her commercial success increased, she was able \nto move to a chateau outside Paris near the forest of Fon-tainebleau. On these spacious grounds, she created a small zoo, with ponies, deer, monkeys, cattle, and other ani-mals that populated her future work. “One of her pets was a young lion whom she allowed to run about and often romped with.”\nBonheur’s fascination with the New World and the \nAmerican West began with Buffalo Bill’s Wild West ex-travaganza, a combination of circus and historical reenact-ment, during its European tour through France. She trav-eled to the United States and painted American themes and a famous portrait of Buffalo Bill Cody, who became her \nfriend. Her interest in the United States led to her long con-nection with Anna Klumpke, an American artist, who after Bonheur’s death, found hundreds of paintings and drawings unseen by anyone in her friend’s studio and pulled together the artist’s (auto)biography.\nPlowing in Nivernais, on this month’s cover, is a copy \nby Bonheur of the original government commission, made a year later and likely inspired by The Devil’s Pool, a novel by George Sand (1804–1876). This story, about the dis-placement of peasants by industrialization, contained the lines, “But what caught my attention was a truly beautiful sight, a noble subject for a painter. At the far end of the fl at \nplow land, a handsome young man was driving a magni fi -\ncent team [of] oxen.” Bonheur lived in Nivernais, in central France, for weeks, observing the animals and the land, the people at work, the agricultural tools. Her depiction was so accurate that the region was immediately identi fi ed when \nthe painting was unveiled.\n“Oxen that rattle the yoke and chain or halt in the leafy \nshade, what is that you express in your eyes?” wondered Walt Whitman in his poem Song of Myself, “It seems to me more than all the print I have read in my life.” In Bonheur’s own “poem,” the massive beasts crisscross the good earth, plowing uphill. Slow and solid, they dominate a landscape vast as the sky, tails whisking, mucus glistening. The peas-ants are in the sidelines. Small and unimposing, they follow or step next to them, light-footed, like dancers. The man toward the front holds a thin stick above his head, exert-ing dominance, choreographing the animals’ movements. He is their colleague, a member of the herd, who grooms and feeds them and lives with them. The animal in the lead squints ahead, one that follows looks directly at us. Indus-trialization has not yet arrived in this agrarian corner.\nNineteenth-century concerns about the spread of ur-\nbanization have only grown in our times. The percentage of residents in urban areas is projected to increase from 50% in 2008 to 70% in 2025. But along with displacement of agriculture, other fears cloud the horizon. Crowded urban areas have become uniquely vulnerable to public health crises, not least of them pandemic (H1N1) 2009. Recent outbreaks in Mexico City and New York demonstrate that surveillance efforts and management of public health com-munication and response demand exceptional alertness and coordination.\nAnd the animals? “[T]hey are so placid and self \ncontan’d, / I stand and look at them long and long,” wrote Whitman when he offered to “turn and live with” them. For the poet, they held as much fascination as for Bonheur, who fi rst brought them into her apartment and later established \nthem in her own zoo at Fontainebleau, shunning portraiture and trendy interiors to paint them exclusively. He was at-tracted to their non-humanness, “They do not sweat and \n2088 Emerging Infectious Diseases • www.cdc.gov/eid • Vol. 15, No. 12, December 2009 ABOUT THE COVER\nwhine about their condition, / They do not lie awake in the \ndark and weep for their sins.” Furthermore, “Not one is dis-satisfi ed, not one is demented with the mania of owning \nthings, / Not one kneels to another, nor to his kind that lived thousands of years ago, / Not one is respectable or unhappy over the earth.”\nBonheur understood animals. Her unconventional spir-\nit was drawn to their wildness. “I too am not a bit tamed, I too am untranslatable, / I sound my barbaric yawp over the roofs of the world.” But, like the poet, she did not know all we share with them. Her furry friends in the apartment or the chateau ―rodents, rabbits, goats, deer, cattle, lions-\nand some that she did not collect, appear in the pages of this issue. For they share with us not just living space but countless infections.\nHow could the artist have known the litany of zoonoses \nthat continue to complicate our relationship with animals: highly pathogenic in fl uenza A virus (H5N1) in backyard \nchickens; human trichinellosis associated with ingestion of soft-shelled turtles; new adenovirus in bats; polycystic echinococcosis in jaguar hunters; Bartonella rochalimae in \nraccoons, coyotes, and red foxes; Ehrlichia chaffeensis in \nSika Deer; Mycobacterium bovis and M. tuberculosis from \ngoats. We have learned to live and work with animals. Now if we could also choreograph the microbes we all share ….Bibliography\n 1. Ashton D, Hare DB. Rosa Bonheur: a life and a legend. New York: \nViking; 1981.\n 2. Bell DM, Weisfuse IB, Hernandez-Avila M, del Rio C, Bustamante \nX, Rodier G. Pandemic in fl uenza as 21st century urban public health \ncrisis. Emerg Infect Dis. 2009;15:1963–9.\n 3. Evolving perceptions [cited 2009 Aug 27]. Available from http://\nwww.sptimes.com/2003/09/06/Floridian/Evolving_perceptions.shtml\n 4. Grandin T, ed. Livestock handling and transport. Cambridge (MA): \nCABI; 2007.\n 5. Janson HW, Janson AF. History of art. New York: HN Abrams, Inc.; \n2001.\n 6. Klumpke A. Rosa Bonheur: the artist’s (auto)biography. Van Slyke \nG, translator. Ann Arbor (MI): University of Michigan Press; 1998.\n 7. Stanton T. Reminiscences of Rosa Bonheur. New York: D. Appleton \nand Co; 1910.\n 8. Whitman W. Walt Whitman leaves of grass: comprehensive reader’s \nedition. Blodgett HW, Bradley S, editors. New York: New York Uni-versity Press; 1965.\nAddress for correspondence: Polyxeni Potter, EID Journal, Centers for \nDisease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Rd NE, Mailstop D61, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA; email: PMP1@cdc.gov\n Emerging Infectious Diseases • www.cdc.gov/eid • Vol. 15, No. 12, December 2009 2089 The opinions expressed by authors contributing to this journal do \nnot necessarily re fl ect the opinions of the Centers for Disease Con-\ntrol and Prevention or the institutions with which the authors are affi liated.\n REVIEWER APPRECIATION\nSren Aabo\nFrank AarestrupJohn AaskovKatia AbarcaGoutam AdakLisa AdamsToїdi Adékambi\nJennifer AdjemianBruce AdlamBen AdlerAlexander AichelburgAllison AielloSomsak AkksilpSerap AksoyRachel AlbalakCesar AlbarinoJordi AlberolaDennis AlexanderSoren AlexandersenMohamed AliJean-Pierre AllainTobias AllanderBrian AmmanA. AndersonJohn AndersonLarry AndersonM. AndersonJohn AndertonAntoine AndremontFrederick AnguloBrian AngusVinicius AntaoWildo ArajoYoshichika ArakawaVidya ArankallePaul ArguinMary AriJorge AriasBlas ArmienCatherine ArnoldStephen ArnonCorinne ArpinD. ArqüelloJane ArthurHarvey ArtsobSubhash AryaLawrence AshDick AshfordHelena AsklingF. Aspesberro\nEugene AthanHoussam AttouiStephen AttwoodWalter AtwoodJacques AubryAna AvellonFrancisco AverhoffTatjana AvsicFatih Awad-El-KariemAbdu AzadEduardo Azziz-BaumgartnerLaura BachmannP. Bryon BackensonJohn BaddleyGeorge BaerHenry BaggettJohan BakkenTamás BakonyiArunmozhi BalajeeElizabeth BancroftRevle Bangor-JonesMalcolm BanksAnne-Laure BanulsKeith BaptisteAlan BarbourWendy BarclayRalph BaricCéline BarnadasJohn BarnwellIan BarrPaola BarreroAlan BarrettTom BarrettKaren BartlettJason BartzEzra BarzilayChristopher BaslerDaniel BauschBarry BaxtSally BaylisBernard BeallMiles BeamanBen BeardScott BeardenMark BeattyBarry BeatyCécile BebearKaren Becker\nM. BehrCasey BehraveshJohn BeierRichard BeigiErmias BelayRobert BelknapBeth BellDavid BellMichael BellWilliam BelliniEdward BelongiaJeffrey BenderCarol BenedictGabrielle BenensonMaria BenkoMichael BennettJill BensonBeatrice BercotCaryn BernAchuyt BhattaraiJacques BilleEdouard BingenMichele BirdRichard BirtlesZeno Bisof fi \nParitosh BiswasIdir BitamCarolyn BlackCarol BlairJosé BlancoDavid BlaneyJesse BlantonRonald BlantonMartin BlaserDavid BlazesRobert BlendonBradley BlitvichColin BlockMarshall BoakJose BoccoMarleen BoelaertMarc BontenMartin BootsmaSarah BorweinAlbert BoschIrene BoschElisabeth Botelho-NeversDonald BouyerEmilio Bouza\nVictoria BowesPhil BrachmanChristopher BradenPatricia BradfordLynnette BrammerMary BrandtJonas BrantAaron BraultMike BrayJon S. BrazierEdward BreitschwerdtCarolyn BridgesThomas BrieseDeborah BriggsPaul BrittonStefan BrockmannWilliam BrogdonRachel BronzanJohn BrooksW. BrooksPhilippe BrouquiHelene BroutinBetty BrownCatherine BrownCorrie BrownHeidi BrownJustin BrownKevin BrownJohn BrownsteinJohn BrundageAnthony BrycesonRobert BuchananMichael BuchmeierGöran BuchtPhilippe BuchyChristopher BuckRudy BuenoRowena BullHoward BurkomFelicity BurtKlaus BusamRay ButlerKevin CainEsther CalboAngie CaliendoCharles CalisherVitaliano CamaEmmanuelle Cambau\n2090 Emerging Infectious Diseases • www.cdc.gov/eid • Vol. 15, No. 12, December 2009Emerging Infectious Diseases thanks the following reviewers for their support through thoughtful, thorough, and \ntimely reviews in 2009. We apologize for any inadvertent omissions. REVIEWER APPRECIATION\nJames Campbell\nAlvin CamusJ. CannellRafael CantónAlessandra CarattoliCarol CardonaJohn CarlsonYehuda CarmeliLeland CarmichaelDarrin CarrollMatthew CartterArturo CasadevallAntonio CascioSimon CauchemezDominique CaugantByron CaugheyEric CaumesMartin CetronDave ChadeeJong-Yil ChaiAngkana ChaiprasertRachel ChalmersMary ChamberlandLuan-Yin ChangCynthia ChappellRemi CharrelVishnu ChaturvediLuis ChavesBob ChenAllen ChengCarol ChenowethBryan CherryBruce ChesebroHarrell ChessonWirongrong ChierakulKata ChillagTom ChillerSadegh ChinikarCharles ChiuB. ChomelRajib ChowdhuryMay ChuTeerasak ChuxnumShalini CidriCarol CiesielskiPaul CieslakSandro CintiDaniela CirilloDavid ClarkGary ClarkGilles ClermontJ.J. CloudTed CohenBruno Coignard\nJ. ColemanFrances CollesPeter CollignonKathy Como-SabettiRichard ConditLawrence ConeFranz ConrathsJoseph CookGeoffrey CoombsDaphne CopelandJaime CostalesMichael CoulthartBenjamin CowlingChristina CoyleElaine CramerJonathan CroftsJohn CrossJames CroweManuel Cuenca-EstrellaNigel CunliffeAndrew CunninghamMarkus CzubRon DaganClarissa DamasoPeter DamborgInger DamonDavid DanceFortunato D’anconaPierre-Yves DaoustGregory DaschAlexandre DasilvaPeter DaszakMichael DavidDavid DavisB. DavoustBertille de BarbeyracJose de la FuentePhilippe de MiccoAravinda de SilvaRita de SousaBenoît de ThoisyDeborah DeanEric DelwartZygmunt DembekJeroen Den BoerDavid DeraufKathryn DeriemerJean-Claude DesenclosEdward DesmondUlrich DesselbergerLinda DetwilerVincent DeubelGregor Devine\nSandra DialElizabeth DidierMathew DiggleKate DingleZoheira DjelouadjiYohei DoiSheila DollardAngela DominguezRuben DonisSusan DormanPatricia DornSoraya dos SantosEllen DotsonMichele DottoriSusan DouglasRichard DouglassScott DowellJerry DragooMichel DrancourtMichael DrebotJan DrobeniucFrancis DrobniewskiChristian DrostenTamara DumanovskyJ. DumlerNicolas DupinHerbert DuPontJean-Paul DurandRobert DusekMark DworkinClare DykewiczGregory EbelMark EberhardMarcela EchavarriaPaul EdelsonPaul Ef fl er\nAndroulla EfstratiouAngelia EickMillicent EidsonRebecca EisenAnna-Maria Eis-HbingerGeorge EliopoulosAlex ElliotSue EmersonLuis EnjuanesFrancis EnnisDelia EnriaGuliz ErdemDean ErdmanMarina EremeevaOnder ErgonulK. ErlesJaime Esteban\nAgustin Estrada-Peña Jerome EtienneMagnus EvanderKay FaabergDaniel FaensenMatthew FalagasJoseph FalkinhamEileen FarnonDaniel FeikinHeinz FeldmannKevin FennellyNeil FergusonFelipe Fernández-Cuenca Marcelo FerreiraPatricia FerrieriDavid FidlerHume FieldRichard FieldingBarry FieldsJoshua FiererJordi FiguerolaAlyssa FinlayTheresa FinnAnthony FioreMarc FischerScott FitzgeraldJames FleckensteinJose Flores FigueroaJanet FoleyJason FolsterAnthony FooksRon FouchierVincent FoulongnePierre-Edouard FournierLeAnne FoxRichard FrankaDavid FreedmanPaul FrenzenConrad FreulingAlicia FryNorman FryCharles FulhorstHolly GaffNicholas GaffgaKenneth GageSalma GalalAna GalesJohn GalgianiAnne GallayMontserrat GallegoChris GallimoreDavid Gannon\n Emerging Infectious Diseases • www.cdc.gov/eid • Vol. 15, No. 12, December 2009 2091 2092 Emerging Infectious Diseases • www.cdc.gov/eid • Vol. 15, No. 12, December 2009REVIEWER APPRECIATION\nShoujiang Gao\nJavier GarauRobert GarceaMaria GarciaAdolfo García-Sastre Bruno Garin-BastujiRebecca GartenPhilippe GautretAnne GaynorBernard-Alex GazerzThomas GeisbertGregory GensheimerKathleen GensheimerJon GentschDale GerdingLise GernPeter Gerner-SmidtRobert GibbonsPaul GibbsCarolien GieleThomas GiftMichael GiladiMarius GilbertJames GillJanet GilsdorfDeborah GlikDenice GodfreySylvain GodreuilRichard GoeringKee Tai GohStefan GoldbergJohn GoldmanJonathan GolubBeatriz GomezLorenzo GonzalezDavid GorlaJay GosalakkalErnest GouldHannah GouldSagar GoyalLuigi GradoniMarie GramerMarina GramicciaLewis GravesNicholas GravesGregory GraySteve GrayGail GreeningFrank GreenwayGilbert GreubDavid Grif fi th\nChris GriotAllen GrollaJacques Grosset\nRoland GrunowGiovanni GuaraldiLarisa GubarevaDuane GublerRoberto GuedesHumberto GuerraNicole GuisoPaul GuligRobert GunnSundeep GuptaSaban GurcanBrian GushulakLaurent GutmannJohn GuzewichMaria GuzmanStephen Had fi eld\nJames HadlerStephen HadlerOlga HaenenBeatrice HahnAntti HakanenAilsa HallAron HallGillian HallRoy HallVal HallHans HallanderMarie HallinScott HalsteadDavid HalvorsonGabriel HamerAnette HammerumAlan HampsonKathy HancockDan Han fl ing\nGail HansenGrant HansmanSveinn HanssenBalazs HarrachAnthony HarrisTim HarrisonSteve HarveyHenrik HasmanDouglas HatchWilliam HausdorffArie HavelaarAlan HayFrederick HaydenRandall HaydenJohn HaymanLia HaynesKaren HaytonDaniel Hegglin\nRobert HeimerMarion Hemmersbach-MillerThomas HennessyHeikki HenttonenVincent HerbreteauJohn HeritageJean-Louis HerrmannBarbara HerwaldtJorg HeukelbachErik HewlettPaul HeymanAnthony HeymannLauri HicksPaul HigginsStephen HiggsSusan HillsAlison HinckleyJoe HinnebuschJohn HoL. HoelzleKathryn HolmesTimothy HoltzPeter HoppPeter HorbyMady HornigC. HorsburghKatja HoschlerJianming HuZdenek HubalekBernard HudsonFrederick HullHarry HullKristina HulténElizabeth HunspergerTimo HyypiaChikwe IhekweazuAlbert IlemobadeTom InglesbyHisashi InokumaHon IpMargaret IpMichael IsemanAkira ItoMarike IwaneMark JackwoodGeorge JacobyCharles JaffeJ. JandaRichard JarmanJorun JarpSophie JarraudRuth Jarrett\nLee-Ann JaykusDaniel JerniganMichael JhungP. JohanssonBarbara JohnsonJames JohnsonNicholas JohnsonRichard JohnsonSheena JohnsonStuart JohnsonYvette JohnsonJeffrey JonesKeith JonesTimothy JonesRuwen JouHee-Young JungJeffrey KahnBernhard KaltenboeckKai KamMini KambojSaleem KamiliVenkataramana KandiAkira KanekoMari KanervaAnu KanteleKalle KantolaJonathan KaplanHiroaki KariwaOpart KarnkawinpongAlan KatzDolly KatzJacqueline KatzD. KellyHeath KellyPatrick KellyAlan KempMelissa KennedyPeter KernJay KeystoneKamel KhaliliKamran KhanYury KhudyakovNajwa Khuri-BulosMogens KilianJ. KimCarl KirkwoodPaul KitsutaniLeera KittigulSonia KjosSteven KleinmanBoris KlempaJohn Klena Emerging Infectious Diseases • www.cdc.gov/eid • Vol. 15, No. 12, December 2009 2093 REVIEWER APPRECIATION\nDaniel Kline\nAmy KlionKarl KloseKeith KlugmanJan KluytmansNick KnowlesRichard KockGerald KohKatrin KohlNicholas KomarQinzhong KongFranciscus KoningsMichael KosoyGustavo KouriSari KovatsStephen KralovicLaura KramerKaren KrogfeltRobert KrugDetlev KrugerThomas KsiazekKiersten KugelerEdward KuijperMartin KulldorffJessica KumarManoj KumarMark KuniholmGoro KunoEmil KupekTakeshi KurataMarkku KuusiIvan KuzminBernard La ScolaMarcelo LabrunaShamez LadhaniMichael LairmoreAndrás LakosKen LamCristiane LamasRuiting LanSusan LanceRobert LanciottiAdam LangerCornelia Lass-FloerlMark LathamJoseph LauTsai-Ling LauderdaleAnne LaudisoitFrederic LaurentJacques Le BrasRoland LeClercqKarin LederVernon LeeYeuk-Mui Lee\nVeerle LejonAgnes LepoutreFernanda LessaPaul LevettMichael LevinLaura LevyStuart LevySheri LewisWenjun LiMichael LibmanDaniel LibratyPoh Lian LimWilina LimBrandi LimbagoBruno LinaGerard LinaL. LindsayHoward LiptonDavid LittDanilo Lo Fo WongPhilip LoBueShawn LockhartIra LonginiJean LongtinL. López-Cerero Ahide Lopez-MerinoRogelio López-Vélez Ben LopmanTim LottThomas LouieLouis LoutanChris LowSteven LubyGary LumRuth Lyn fi eld\nMarshall LyonRobert LyonsWenjun MaKevin MacalusoC. Raina MacIntyreJohn MackenzieN. MacLachlanAdam MacNeilShelley MagillGoran MagnussonHelen MaltezouRobert MandrellJean MansonAdriana ManzurAndrea Maranhão John MarrTed MarrasThomas Marrie\nBarb MarstonVito MartellaCelina MartelliJanet MartinStacey MartinNuria Martin-CasabonaJ. Martín-Gil Joaquina Martin-SanchezSoichi MaruyamaCarl MasonPeter MasonRobert MassungThomas MatherKotaro MatsumotoKirsten MattisonAna Mattos-GuaraldiLeena MaunulaMax MaurinJanet McAllisterJere McBrideCatherine McCannJohn McCauleyEugene McCrayL. McDonaldMarian McDonaldPeter McElroyGrant McFaddenJeffrey McFarlandLynne McFarlandLesley McGeeAllison McGeerKenneth McIntosh Donald McLeanRobert McLeanDonald McManusScott McNabbJennifer McQuistonPaul MeadOleg MediannikovMartin MeltzerZiad MemishLeonel MendozaManoj MenonLeonard MermelGreg MertzEnrique MesriNancy MessonnierSophie MichaudPascal MichelBarry MillerBenjamin MillerDebra MillerLoren Miller\nRobert MillerJames MillsPhilip MinorKiren MitrukaJoseph MizgerdSusanne ModrowIgor MokrousovFernando MonteiroJoel MontgomerySusan MontgomeryJose MontoyaArshnee MoodleyFrits MooiPatrick MoonanAnne MooreChester MooreMatthew MoorePatrick MooreStefano MorabitoGregory MoranJohn MoranChristopher MoresJuliette MorganPaul MorleyRicardo Moro de SousaAlison MorrisJodie MorrisDale MorseStephen MorsePhilip MortimerSergey MorzunovAnthony MountsClaude MullerMichael MulveyU. MunderlohJorge Munoz-JordánRobert MurphyKristy MurrayPatrick MurrayUmayya Musharra fi eh\nThierry NaasIrving NachamkinSusan Nadin-DavisAllyn NakashimaRoger NasciTheodore NashFrancis NdowaSimon NeerinckxLouis NelKenrad NelsonA. NemecC. Newman 2094 Emerging Infectious Diseases • www.cdc.gov/eid • Vol. 15, No. 12, December 2009REVIEWER APPRECIATION\nNolan Newton\nPaul NewtonJonathan Nguyen Van TamStuart NicholLoredana NicolettiKlaus NielsenKenneth NilssonAnanda NisalakGary NobleHelene NorderPatrice NordmannMari NorgrenAnna Norrby-TeglundFrancis NovembreNorbert NowotnyMarcio NunesPekka NuortiSteven ObersteRichard O’BrienSarah O’BrienSheila O’BrienTheresa OchoaFrank OddsSuzanne OhmitJuan OlanoPer OlcenBjörn OlsenChristopher OlsenKatharina OlsenSonja OlsenDonald OlsonJ. OlsonEng OoiJustin OrtizHitoshi OshitaniFernando OsorioMargaret OxtobyChristopher PaddockSlobodan PaesslerAndres Paez-MartinezJohn PainterPeter PaleseMark PallanschGuy PalmerMitchell PalmerAlberto Paniz Mondol fi \nAnnalisa PantostiNikos PapadopoulosDemosthenes PappagianisGeorgios PappasPeter PappasUmesh ParasharBenjamin ParkSarah Park\nSarah ParkerPhilippe ParolaColin ParrishMercedes PascualJohn PasickPaul-Pierre PastoretSameer PatelJanusz PaweskaSharon PeacockChristine PearsonMichele PearsonKarl PedersenJorge PedrosaJoseph PeirisPhilip PellettSteve PeltonMichel PepinTeresa PeretDaniel PerezJohn PerfectLeonard PeruskiJoseph PerzJeannine PetersenLyle PetersenA. PetersonMartin PetricCathy PettiChristophe Peyre fi tte\nMichael PfallerM. Pfi ester\nGaby PfyfferTung PhanPraphan PhanuphakVictoria PhillipsNick PhinRenaud PiarrouxMichael PichicheroDavid PickupClaudio PiersimoniJoseph PiesmanNoemi PiniJames PipasRobert PiperNancy Piper-JenksClaude PirmezMaria PisuJohann PitoutPeter PlagemannOliver PlanzMarie-Cecile PloyAlexander PlyusninRaj PnaiserLaurent Poirel\nFernando PolackJacquelyn PolderRichard PollackFrancoise PortaelsDrew PoseyJamie PoseyMorris PotterPolyxeni PotterAnn PowersEdoardo PozioRebecca PrevotsSuzette PriolaLisa ProsserChristine PrueMichael PurdyPatricia QuinliskConrad QuinnGalia RahavT. RamamurthyRajendranath RamaswamyDidier RaoultChristophe RappRobert RauschStephen RavertyMatthew RedelingsMichael ReedWill ReevesK. ReinhardtWilliam ReisenRichard ReithingerPhilippe RenaultPatricia RenestoGabor ReuterMary ReynoldsAllen RichardsDania RichterJulia RidpathElizabeth RiederHans RiederJulia RiehmYasuko RikihisaBert RimaDonald RobertsJim RobertsonM. RodicioGuenael RodierAnnie RodolakisPeter RoederDavid RoeselMichael RoggendorfJean-Marc RolainElizabeth RollandPierre Rollin\nEric RomanowskiJose RomeroAllan RonaldPatricia RosaHelene RosenbergRonald RosenbergAllison RossJennifer RotaPaul RotaJessica RothmanDavid RotsteinVeronique RouxCarol RubinFranco RuggeriRaymond RuimyJoaquin RuizAino RuoholaMaja RupnikEtienne RuppeColin RussellRichard RussellDaniel RutzElena RydkinaClaude SaegermanUlrich SagelEmmanuel SaguiJorge Salazar-BravoMarcel SaliveOscar SalomonMaria SanchezSusan SanchezLance SandersNorma SantosJ. SasakiCharles SchableStephan SchaeferJulie SchaferDonald SchaffnerPeter SchantzFlemming ScheutzOliver SchildgenConnie SchmaljohnScott SchmidtAnn SchmitzEileen SchneiderDavid SchnurrChristopher Scho fi eld\nSteven Scho fi eld\nTony SchountzMartin SchrieferAnne SchuchatMyron Schultz Emerging Infectious Diseases • www.cdc.gov/eid • Vol. 15, No. 12, December 2009 2095 REVIEWER APPRECIATION\nStacey Schultz-Cherry\nFrederick SchusterTom SchwanEli SchwartzAaron ScottRobert ScottJames SejvarZuzana SekeyovaSalaam SemaanVera SemenovaRoshanak SemnaniArlene SenaParham SendiDennis SenneSharon SetterquistTorsten SeuberlichDaniel SextonUlrich SeyboldShira Sha fi r\nAndi ShaneG. ShanksEugene ShapiroMichael ShawAbigail SheferWun-Ju ShiehBeletshachew ShiferawThomas ShinnickH. ShivaprasadSundar ShresthaStephanie ShwiffStuart SiddellJennifer SiembiedaCornelia SilaghiEllen SilbergeldPere SimarroPeter SimmondsGregory SimmonsAndrew SimorJoao SiqueiraMaria Sjölund-Karlsson Anders Sjöstedt Jacek SkarbinskiRobert SkovJoseph SlimanTheo SlootsPamela SmallDavid SmithKristine SmithTara SmithTheresa SmithRobert SnowFrank SnowdenJeremy SobelMaria Söderlund-Venermo \nAndre SofairJay SolnickGlenn SongerFrank SorvilloSergio Sosa-EstaniWladimir SougakoffFrederick SouthwickErica SpackmanEnea SpadaKadaba SriprakashArun SrivastavaRon St. JohnPeter StaeheliRussell StaffordDavid StallknechtGlyn StanwayJeffrey StarkeWilliam StaufferRobert SteffenArjan StegemanChristoph SteiningerChristen StensvoldCharles SterlingEric SternRay SternerDennis StevensJames StevensKurt StevensonO. StineRobyn StoddardMarc StrassburgNancy StrockbineJohn SuDavid SuarezKanta SubbaraoFred SundramRebecca SunenshineYupin SuputtamongkolLarry SvensonRobert SwanepoelDavid SwayneWilliam SwitzerDaniel SzumlasDaisuke TakamatsuSinesio TalhariAmbrose TalisunaDeborah TalkingtonClarence TamPaul TambyahAzaibi TaminYi TangAmilcar TanuriJohn Tapsall\nArne TarnvikPhillip TarrAndrew TatemKathleen TattiJeffery TaubenbergerPedro TauilRobert TauxeWilliam TaylorSam TelfordGlenn TellingJonathan TemteSharon TennantChong-Gee TeoRobert TeshEtienne ThiryKerri ThomDaniel ThomasJason ThomasNicola ThompsonWilliam ThompsonReimar ThomsenFranck ThunyGeoffrey TomsShilu TongMichael TorbensonNoel TordoHarrys TorresJoseph TorresiFernando Torres-PerezJonathan TownerDavid TownesSteven TracyJohn TreanorAntoni TrillaAnne TristanSusan TrockStephanie TroyYing-ying TsaiJean TsaoTerrence TumpeyChristine TurenneJane TurtonMichael TvedeWilliam TynanVenkatachalam UdhayakumarRainer UlrichTimothy UyekiAntti VaheriGustavo ValbuenaRonald ValdiserriSteve ValeikaAlain-Jacques Valleron\nMarie Van BressemJef Van den EndeCees van den WijngaardWim van der PoelMarieke van der WerfJaap van DisselEngeline van DuijkerenJ. van Gemert-PijnenPaul van HeldenJakko van IngenJodi Vanden EngOlli VapalahtiPedro VasconcelosNikos VasilakisElaine VaughanMuriel Vayssier-TaussatReinhold VeithAna Isabel VelaAndres Velasco-VillaGilles VergnaudElisabeta VerguAndrew VernonSara VetterCecile ViboudAntonio VieiraP. VijayachariJordi VilaJulie VillanuevaVeronique VincentJoseph VinetzJan VinjéGovinda VisvesvaraBettie V oordouwSetu V oraMargreet V osWilna V oslooMarcelo WadaJaap WagenaarDavid WagnerPatricia WalkerTimothy WalshThomas WaltonHongquan WanAlexander WandelerDavid WangJulia WangLin-Fa WangSu WangMagdalena WankeDavid WardJohn WardDaphne Ware REVIEWER APPRECIATION\nMary Warrell\nRob WarrenStephen WatermanDoug WattsScott WeaverRichard WebbyJ. WeberRobert WebsterJ. WeeseBo WeiLinda WeigelStephen WeisSue WelburnRichard WenzelDirk WerberKatarina WestlingJean WhichardDenise Whitby\nA. WhiteDennis WhiteLaura WhiteChris WhitehouseMarc-Alain WiddowsonSteven WiersmaPatricia WilkinsMelissa WillbyRob WillemsCraig WilliamsMary WilsonNick WilsonCarla WinstonKevin WinthropWolfgang WittePeter WohlseinPatrick Woo\nGary WormserAnita WrightMireille WulfWilliam WunnerLoannis XynosSeiji YamadaTatsuo YamamotoTeruo YamashitaEmad YanniEileen YeeLorraine YeungW. YihDongwan YooEdward YoungJ. YoungVictor YuXuejie Yu\nSedigheh ZakeriJorge Zavala-CastroAdrian ZelaznyHervé ZellerMarcus ZervosWeimin ZhongE. ZhouEmily Zielinski-GutierrezMatteo ZignolMarya ZilberbergJakob ZinsstagAnnetta ZintlArmineh ZohrabianAl Zolynas\n2096 Emerging Infectious Diseases • www.cdc.gov/eid • Vol. 15, No. 12, December 2009\n NEWS & NOTES\nUpcoming Issue\nLaboratory Surge Response to Pandemic (H1N1) 2009 \nOutbreak, New York, New York, USA\nPublic Health Threat of New, Reemerging, and Neglected \nZoonoses in the Industrialized World\nProjecting Global Occurrence of Cryptococcus gattii by \nMeta-Analysis of Published Reports\nUrinary Tract Infections Caused by Foodborne Escherichia coli\nMeningitis Caused by Novel Enterovirus, Northern Territory, \nAustralia\nWorldwide Dissemination of the blaOXA-23 Carbapenemase Gene \nof Acinetobacter baumannii\nRecombinant Canine Coronaviruses in Dogs, EuropeTravel-associated Pandemic (H1N1) 2009 Virus Infection, \nSingapore\nSevere Pneumonia Associated with Pandemic (H1N1) 2009 \nOutbreak, Mexico\nComparison of Methicillin-Resistant and -Susceptible \nStaphylococcus aureus Infection in Dogs\nCeftiofur Use in Chicken Hatcheries and Human Salmonella \nenterica Serovar Heidelberg Infection, Canada\nHealthcare-associated Viral Gastroenteritis among Children in \na Large Pediatric Hospital\nActinobaculum schaalii , a Common Uropathogen in Elderly \nPatients, Denmark\nNorovirus Gastroenteritis Outbreak with a Secretor-\nIndependent Susceptibility Pattern, Sweden \nFluoroquinolone-Resistant Escherichia coli from Broiler \nChicken Feed, Iceland\nHuman Listeriosis Caused by Listeria ivanovi\nPandemic (H1N1) 2009 Surveillance and Seasonal In fl uenza \nPrevalence, Singapore\nAcute Encephalopathy Associated with In fl uenza A Infection in \nAdult Patients\nComplete list of articles in the January issue at\nhttp://www.cdc.gov/eid/upcoming.htmUpcoming Infectious\nDisease Activities\nDecember 4–6, 2009\nNortheastern Ohio Universities Colleges of Medicine and Pharmacy27th Annual Infectious Disease Seminar for the Practicing PhysicianEdgewater Beach HotelNaples, FL, USAhttp://www.neoucom.edu/ce\n2010\nFebruary 19–21, 20102nd International Berlin Bat Meeting: Bat Biology and Infectious DiseasesBerlin, Germanyhttp://www.izw-berlin.de\nMarch 18–22, 2010\nFifth Decennial: International Conference on Healthcare-Associated Infections 2010Hyatt Regency AtlantaAtlanta, GA, USAhttp://www.decennial2010.com\nMarch 24–26, 2010\n16th ISHEID (International Sympo-sium on HIV & Emerging Infectious Diseases)Marseille, Francehttp://www.isheid.com\nJuly 11–14, 2010\nInternational Conference on Emerging Infectious Diseases 2010Hyatt Regency AtlantaAtlanta, GA, USAhttp://www.iceid.org\nAnnouncements\nTo submit an announcement, send an email message \nto EIDEditor (eideditor@cdc.gov). In 50–150 words, describe timely events of interest to our readers. In-clude the date of the event, the location, the sponsoring organization(s), and a website that readers may visit or a telephone number or email address that readers may contact for more information.\nAnnouncements may be posted on the journal Web \npage only, depending on the event date.\n Emerging Infectious Diseases • www.cdc.gov/eid • Vol. 15, No. 12, December 2009 2097 2098 Emerging Infectious Diseases • www.cdc.gov/eid • Vol. 15, No. 12, December 2009Earning CME Credit\nTo obtain credit, you should fi rst read the journal article. After reading the article, you should be able to answer the fol-\nlowing, related, multiple-choice questions. To complete the questions and earn continuing medical education (CME) credit, please go to http://www.medscape.com/cme/eid . Credit cannot be obtained for tests completed on paper, although you \nmay use the worksheet below to keep a record of your answers. You must be a registered user on Medscape.com. If you are not registered on Medscape.com, please click on the New Users: Free Registration link on the left hand side of the website to register. Only one answer is correct for each question. Once you successfully answer all post-test questions you will be able to view and/or print your certi fi cate. For questions regarding the content of this activity, contact the accred-\nited provider, CME@medscape.net. For technical assistance, contact CME@webmd.net. American Medical Association’s Physician’s Recognition Award (AMA PRA) credits are accepted in the US as evidence of participation in CME activities. For further information on this award, please refer to http://www.ama-assn.org/ama/pub/category/2922.html. The AMA has determined that physicians not licensed in the US who participate in this CME activity are eligible for AMA PRA Category 1 \nCredits ™. Through agreements that the AMA has made with agencies in some countries, AMA PRA credit is acceptable as \nevidence of participation in CME activities. If you are not licensed in the US and want to obtain an AMA PRA CME credit, please complete the questions online, print the certi fi cate and present it to your national medical association.\nArticle Title\nCommunity-associated Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus \naureus in Outpatients, United States, 1999–2006\nCME Questions\nActivity Evaluation1. Which of the following characteristics helps to \ndifferentiate community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (CA-MRSA) from \nhospital-associated (HA)–MRSA?\nA. Resistance to fl uoroquinolones\nB. Resistance to a higher number of antibioticsC. Resistance to vancomycinD. Resistance to beta-lactam and erythromycin only\n2. Which of the following trends were noted in the \nepidemiology of \noutpatient MRSA in the current study?\nA. The presence of MRSA was stable over the study \nperiod\nB. The number of MRSA isolates resistant to at least 1 \nother drug increased signi fi cantly\nC. S aureus infections that were MRSA nearly doubled\nD. HA-MRSA accounted for the majority of change in the \nprevalence of MRSA among outpatients3. The number of S aureus isolates resistant only \nto oxacillin increased most signi fi cantly from which \nanatomic site?\nA. Lung\nB. BloodC. Skin and soft tissueD. Genitourinary tract\n4. Which of the following statements about the \nepidemiology of MRSA among inpatients is most \naccurate?\nA. The proportion of S aureus infections that were MRSA \nincreased by 25%\nB. The prevalence of S aureus isolates resistant only to \noxacillin decreased\nC. The prevalence of HA-MRSA isolates fell sharply as \nCA-MRSA increased\nD. There was a signi fi cant increase in lung infections with \nmultiple-drug resistant MRSA\n1. The activity supported the learning objectives. \nStrongly Disagree Strongly Agree \n1 2345\n2. The material was organized clearly for learning to occur.\nStrongly Disagree Strongly Agree\n12345\n3. The content learned from this activity will impact my practice.\nStrongly Disagree Strongly Agree\n12345\n4. The activity was presented objectively and free of commercial bias.\nStrongly Disagree Strongly Agree\n12345 Instructions to Authors\nMANUSCRIPT PREPARATION . For word processing, use MS Word. List the fol-\nlowing information in this order: title page, article summary line, keywords, ab-\nstract, text, acknowledgments, biographical sketch, references, tables, fi gure \nlegends, appendixes, and fi gures. Each fi gure should be in a separate fi le. \nTitle Page. Give complete information about each author (i.e., full name, \ngraduate degree(s), af fi liation, and the name of the institution in which the \nwork was done). Clearly identify the corresponding author and provide that author’s mailing address (include phone number, fax number, and email ad-dress). Include separate word counts for abstract and text. \nKeywords. Include up to 10 keywords; use terms listed in Medical Subject \nHeadings Index Medicus.\nText. Double-space everything, including the title page, abstract, refer-\nences, tables, and fi gure legends. Indent paragraphs; leave no extra space \nbetween paragraphs. After a period, leave only one space before beginning the next sentence. Use 12-point Times New Roman font and format with ragged right margins (left align). Italicize (rather than underline) scienti fi c \nnames when needed. \nBiographical Sketch. Include a short biographical sketch of the fi rst au-\nthor—both authors if only two. Include af fi liations and the author’s primary \nresearch interests. \nReferences. Follow Uniform Requirements (www.icmje.org/index.html). \nDo not use endnotes for references. Place reference numbers in parenthe-ses, not superscripts. Number citations in order of appearance (including in text, fi gures, and tables). Cite personal communications, unpublished data, \nand manuscripts in preparation or submitted for publication in parentheses in text. Consult List of Journals Indexed in Index Medicus for accepted journal abbreviations; if a journal is not listed, spell out the journal title. List the fi rst \nsix authors followed by “et al.” Do not cite references in the abstract.\nTables. Provide tables within the manuscript fi le, not as separate fi les. Use \nthe MS Word table tool, no columns, tabs, spaces, or other programs. Footnote any use of boldface. Tables should be no wider than 17 cm. Condense or di-vide larger tables. Extensive tables may be made available online only. \nFigures. Provide fi gures as separate fi les, not embedded in MS Word. \nUse Arial font for text content. Place keys within fi gure area. Provide foot-\nnotes and other information (e.g., source/copyright data, explanation of bold-face) in fi gure legend. Submit fi gures with text content in native, editable, PC \nfi le formats (e.g., MS Excel/PowerPoint). Submit image fi les (e.g., electro-\nmicrographs) without text content as high-resolution (300 dpi/ppi minimum) TIFF or JPG fi les. Submit separate fi les for multiple fi gure panels (e.g., A, B, \nC). EPS fi les are admissible but should be saved with fonts embedded (not \nconverted to lines). No PNG or BMP fi les are admissible. For additional guid-\nance, contact fue7@cdc.gov or 404-639-1250.\nMANUSCRIPT SUBMISSION . Include a cover letter indicating the proposed \ncategory of the article (e.g., Research, Dispatch) and verifying that the fi nal \nmanuscript has been seen and approved by all authors. Complete provided Authors Checklist. To submit a manuscript, access Manuscript Central from the Emerging Infectious Diseases web page (www.cdc.gov/eid).\nTypes of Articles\nPerspectives. Articles should be under 3,500 words and should include \nreferences, not to exceed 40. Use of subheadings in the main body of the text is recommended. Photographs and illustrations are encouraged. Pro-vide a short abstract (150 words), a one-sentence summary of the conclu-sions, and a brief biographical sketch. Articles in this section should provide insightful analysis and commentary about new and reemerging infectious diseases and related issues. Perspectives may also address factors known to infl uence the emergence of diseases, including microbial adaptation and \nchange, human demographics and behavior, technology and industry, eco-nomic development and land use, international travel and commerce, and the breakdown of public health measures. If detailed methods are included, a separate section on experimental procedures should immediately follow the body of the text. Synopses. Articles should be under 3,500 words and should include ref-\nerences, not to exceed 40. Use of subheadings in the main body of the text is recommended. Photographs and illustrations are encouraged. Provide a short abstract (150 words), a one-sentence summary of the conclusions, \nand a brief biographical sketch. This section comprises concise reviews of infectious diseases or closely related topics. Preference is given to reviews of new and emerging diseases; however, timely updates of other diseases or topics are also welcome. If detailed methods are included, a separate section on experimental procedures should immediately follow the body of the text. \nResearch Studies. Articles should be under 3,500 words and should in-\nclude references, not to exceed 40. Use of subheadings in the main body of the text is recommended. Photographs and illustrations are encouraged. Provide a short abstract (150 words), a one-sentence summary, and a brief biographical sketch. Report laboratory and epidemiologic results within a public health perspective. Explain the value of the research in public health terms and place the fi ndings in a larger perspective (i.e., “Here is what we \nfound, and here is what the fi ndings mean”).\nPolicy and Historical Reviews. Articles should be under 3,500 words \nand should include references, not to exceed 40. Use of subheadings in the main body of the text is recommended. Photographs and illustrations are encouraged. Provide a short abstract (150 words), a one-sentence summary of the conclusions, and a brief biographical sketch. Articles in this section include public health policy or historical reports that are based on research and analysis of emerging disease issues.\nDispatches. Articles should be no more than 1,200 words and need not \nbe divided into sections. If subheadings are used, they should be general, e.g., “The Study” and “Conclusions.” Provide a brief abstract (50 words); ref-erences (not to exceed 15); fi gures or illustrations (not to exceed 2); tables \n(not to exceed 2); and a brief biographical sketch. Dispatches are updates on infectious disease trends and research. The articles include descriptions of new methods for detecting, characterizing, or subtyping new or reemerg-ing pathogens. Developments in antimicrobial drugs, vaccines, or infectious disease prevention or elimination programs are appropriate. Case reports are also welcome. \nCommentaries. Thoughtful discussions (500–1,000 words) of current \ntopics. Commentaries may contain references but no fi gures or tables.\nAnother Dimension. Thoughtful essays, short stories, or poems on philo-\nsophical issues related to science, medical practice, and human health. Top-ics may include science and the human condition, the unanticipated side of epidemic investigations, or how people perceive and cope with infection and illness. This section is intended to evoke compassion for human suffering and to expand the science reader’s literary scope. Manuscripts are selected for publication as much for their content (the experiences they describe) as for their literary merit.\nLetters. Letters commenting on recent articles as well as letters reporting \ncases, outbreaks, or original research are welcome. Letters commenting on articles should contain no more than 300 words and 5 references; they are more likely to be published if submitted within 4 weeks of the original article’s publication. Letters reporting cases, outbreaks, or original research should contain no more than 800 words and 10 references. They may have 1 fi gure \nor table and should not be divided into sections. All letters should contain material not previously published and include a word count.\nBooks, Other Media. Reviews (250–500 words) of new books or other \nmedia on emerging disease issues are welcome. Name, publisher, number of pages, other pertinent details should be included.\nAnnouncements. We welcome brief announcements (50–150 words) of \ntimely events of interest to our readers. (Announcements may be posted online only, depending on the event date.) \nConference Summaries. Summaries of emerging infectious disease \nconference activities are published online only. Summaries, which should contain 500–1,000 words, should focus on content rather than process and may provide illustrations, references, and links to full reports of conference activities.Emerging Infectious Diseases is a peer-reviewed journal established expressly to promote the recognition of new and \nreemerging infectious diseases around the world and improve the understanding of factors involved in disease emergence, prevention, and elimination. \nThe journal is intended for professionals in infectious diseases and related sciences. We welcome contributions from infectious disease specialists in \nacademia, industry, clinical practice, and public health, as well as from specialists in economics, social sciences, and other disciplines. Manuscripts in all categories should explain the contents in public health terms. For information on manuscript categories and suitability of proposed articles see below and visit www.cdc.gov/eid/ncidod/ EID/instruct.htm.\nEmerging Infectious Diseases is published in English. To expedite publication, we post articles online ahead of print. Partial translations of the journal \nare available in Japanese (print only), Chinese, French, and Spanish (www.cdc. gov/ncidod/EID/trans.htm)."
} |
[
-0.11883839964866638,
0.04829868674278259,
-0.0025480559561401606,
-0.011011209338903427,
0.05195074528455734,
0.010291832499206066,
0.1154332384467125,
0.0007007909007370472,
-0.08592535555362701,
-0.07065396010875702,
0.0013317164266481996,
-0.035472381860017776,
0.018434155732393265,
-0.006737178191542625,
0.024402987211942673,
-0.029503243044018745,
-0.058138374239206314,
-0.05043954402208328,
-0.020765526220202446,
0.029036032035946846,
-0.06367600709199905,
0.024029914289712906,
0.0262432973831892,
-0.006037362851202488,
-0.011076544411480427,
-0.0014006864512339234,
-0.018619801849126816,
0.03277004510164261,
0.0028860096354037523,
-0.05694391578435898,
-0.04394163936376572,
0.025414075702428818,
0.08790954202413559,
-0.02499123103916645,
-0.03668315336108208,
0.0062413448467850685,
-0.06646791845560074,
-0.0671444833278656,
0.020564241334795952,
0.04238877445459366,
0.021880215033888817,
-0.04288247600197792,
-0.03437700495123863,
0.06146686151623726,
0.0656372681260109,
-0.0785202905535698,
0.029487011954188347,
0.010798297822475433,
0.06332410126924515,
-0.04508465901017189,
-0.01823394186794758,
-0.027721041813492775,
-0.0036737609189003706,
-0.03659451752901077,
0.054250262677669525,
-0.02085655927658081,
0.015034922398626804,
-0.060095224529504776,
0.016393909230828285,
-0.03323858231306076,
0.01750349812209606,
-0.0005952207720838487,
-0.16348379850387573,
0.08492093533277512,
-0.07583844661712646,
0.0161097701638937,
0.048382941633462906,
-0.007598146330565214,
-0.024985475465655327,
0.05949747934937477,
0.0658901110291481,
-0.03513742983341217,
0.0008843158720992506,
-0.11567969620227814,
0.049390342086553574,
0.03360460326075554,
0.055154237896203995,
0.026383694261312485,
0.053694359958171844,
0.038932498544454575,
0.0004393816343508661,
0.0180604699999094,
-0.09288253635168076,
-0.004073987249284983,
-0.0008234609267674387,
-0.04883106052875519,
-0.006677441764622927,
-0.023541681468486786,
-0.03813307359814644,
0.05245159938931465,
-0.042493823915719986,
-0.055899728089571,
0.08681583404541016,
-0.04896170645952225,
-0.08339672535657883,
-0.0457635223865509,
0.029042238369584084,
0.03465776517987251,
-0.08649188280105591,
0.4062184691429138,
0.03594949096441269,
0.018697189167141914,
0.0979783833026886,
-0.007865204475820065,
0.023714108392596245,
-0.05756505951285362,
-0.06109985336661339,
-0.006620500702410936,
0.007060033269226551,
0.021669859066605568,
-0.024405108764767647,
-0.033514637500047684,
0.00025015627034008503,
0.03170765936374664,
0.04407161846756935,
0.09463243186473846,
-0.035580113530159,
-0.0045343064703047276,
0.043714847415685654,
0.00020504710846580565,
-0.002858717693015933,
-0.024884076789021492,
0.0037606365513056517,
0.014041258953511715,
0.07781578600406647,
-0.1323145031929016,
0.0068764761090278625,
-7.2201250750405e-33,
0.007334581576287746,
0.002726183971390128,
0.012147537432610989,
-0.002440247917547822,
0.027932560071349144,
0.03927065059542656,
0.003743888111785054,
-0.04643532633781433,
-0.014492551796138287,
0.05360198765993118,
0.006590632256120443,
0.03664784133434296,
-0.023135676980018616,
0.03275369852781296,
0.07811082899570465,
0.009627518244087696,
0.007964123040437698,
0.0028742437716573477,
-0.0018807238666340709,
0.004691542126238346,
-0.012402275577187538,
-0.0008041393011808395,
-0.023038707673549652,
0.04297299310564995,
-0.028259985148906708,
-0.06694644689559937,
0.038539037108421326,
-0.07085712999105453,
0.020109260454773903,
0.001460324041545391,
0.0014639950823038816,
0.049912355840206146,
-0.02594558522105217,
0.0008223677286878228,
-0.03757276013493538,
-0.028740663081407547,
0.03337514027953148,
-0.07462829351425171,
-0.035983964800834656,
0.025680823251605034,
-0.050139084458351135,
0.010837196372449398,
-0.04243791848421097,
-0.002668545348569751,
-0.004916265141218901,
0.16647927463054657,
-0.0011541391722857952,
-0.004960660357028246,
-0.06482207775115967,
0.06976216286420822,
-0.0028182310052216053,
-0.02132517658174038,
-0.11613703519105911,
0.04333868995308876,
-0.0033509607892483473,
-0.020106570795178413,
0.016554009169340134,
-0.043971188366413116,
0.020619438961148262,
-0.009089959785342216,
0.009713641367852688,
0.039391469210386276,
-0.012487754225730896,
0.009350251406431198,
-0.08647788316011429,
-0.04851773753762245,
0.02447775937616825,
-0.008494960144162178,
0.023063570261001587,
-0.012638214975595474,
-0.05100997909903526,
0.03675990551710129,
0.03771744668483734,
0.030916057527065277,
-0.028798431158065796,
-0.01926880143582821,
-0.019831717014312744,
0.03583517670631409,
0.08063048869371414,
0.00649732630699873,
0.03545527532696724,
-0.041958946734666824,
0.006693818140774965,
-0.024078864604234695,
0.09502369910478592,
0.054634999483823776,
0.004220988135784864,
-0.05180729925632477,
0.01021517813205719,
-0.041098661720752716,
-0.03574559465050697,
0.06131820008158684,
-0.0030944310128688812,
0.08796171098947525,
0.006000818684697151,
4.4925641867161134e-33,
-0.07716735452413559,
0.01899317093193531,
-0.03573813661932945,
0.0887979194521904,
-0.01755509153008461,
-0.0027626880910247564,
0.037273939698934555,
0.09013677388429642,
-0.09250447154045105,
0.0680299699306488,
0.022390201687812805,
-0.045089662075042725,
0.030878892168402672,
0.044495198875665665,
-0.005799654871225357,
0.03523358702659607,
0.06968843936920166,
-0.004063474480062723,
-0.028155116364359856,
-0.03572935611009598,
-0.030507177114486694,
-0.03237851336598396,
-0.0024998304434120655,
0.034929435700178146,
-0.04148077219724655,
0.030205287039279938,
0.04858911409974098,
0.0632987916469574,
-0.021693143993616104,
0.036800533533096313,
0.03896567225456238,
-0.023581488057971,
-0.05063262954354286,
-0.05820295587182045,
0.04826247692108154,
0.08404397964477539,
0.03678114339709282,
-0.0007768925279378891,
0.024848245084285736,
-0.05051735043525696,
0.039668887853622437,
-0.010082785040140152,
0.002244437113404274,
0.11697717010974884,
-0.021961307153105736,
-0.005805923603475094,
-0.048092879354953766,
0.003788944333791733,
0.035172659903764725,
0.07729728519916534,
-0.09319712221622467,
-0.011992926709353924,
-0.021968109533190727,
0.04129430651664734,
-0.022958293557167053,
0.004160518292337656,
-0.0432187058031559,
0.0702132061123848,
-0.01905948668718338,
0.0004752702370751649,
0.005480603780597448,
0.026761434972286224,
-0.033612821251153946,
0.01346849836409092,
-0.022746674716472626,
0.03873894736170769,
-0.024523282423615456,
-0.03632815554738045,
-0.0017924589337781072,
-0.052569907158613205,
0.006689464673399925,
-0.025846485048532486,
-0.1348353624343872,
0.0011394252069294453,
-0.047169335186481476,
-0.05347497761249542,
-0.018427148461341858,
-0.007304163184016943,
-0.009657083079218864,
-0.037726134061813354,
-0.033999841660261154,
0.01841733604669571,
-0.008003143593668938,
-0.005512353032827377,
-0.03353199362754822,
-0.0201805979013443,
0.021665804088115692,
0.01075822301208973,
-0.05747472122311592,
0.01969684660434723,
-0.007240809965878725,
0.023037107661366463,
0.12023406475782394,
0.0032419958151876926,
0.010150063782930374,
-1.3403668397415913e-8,
-0.046724583953619,
0.04062063992023468,
-0.05561641603708267,
-0.0018853341462090611,
0.056323979049921036,
0.049638908356428146,
-0.04154156893491745,
0.0325038842856884,
0.02574923262000084,
-0.018780937418341637,
0.06920813769102097,
0.02598794549703598,
-0.02782331220805645,
0.05757509544491768,
0.09128093719482422,
-0.01532574463635683,
-0.10472093522548676,
-0.027585938572883606,
-0.016222817823290825,
-0.035399287939071655,
-0.010461363941431046,
-0.013999390415847301,
-0.0002939800324384123,
-0.08362972736358643,
0.007932317443192005,
0.006960071157664061,
-0.04422977939248085,
0.07475824654102325,
0.07440952211618423,
-0.04058071970939636,
-0.0018266832921653986,
0.01985001191496849,
0.014382191933691502,
0.020585300400853157,
0.02213379554450512,
-0.06437048316001892,
-0.06369856745004654,
0.01613914780318737,
0.009907381609082222,
-0.0055595203302800655,
-0.05467313155531883,
-0.0233115516602993,
0.07046928256750107,
0.006468005012720823,
-0.047700025141239166,
-0.0036470729392021894,
0.007837599143385887,
-0.004974569659680128,
-0.01241857185959816,
-0.07781214267015457,
-0.0009409073390997946,
-0.008002524264156818,
0.006034235469996929,
0.08434933423995972,
0.10730371624231339,
0.011427774094045162,
0.013366665691137314,
-0.012747352942824364,
0.061454374343156815,
0.03564131259918213,
0.1587459295988083,
0.12640950083732605,
0.04654904082417488,
-0.015717294067144394
] | {
"pdf_file": "R345PQR6366VJ25LZJUWVIWDKKLEDPUY.pdf",
"text": " "
} |
[
-0.05215486139059067,
-0.03118198551237583,
0.059870123863220215,
0.06998571753501892,
-0.05477219820022583,
0.0595388226211071,
-0.07251837104558945,
0.04869706556200981,
-0.08837796002626419,
0.015271161682903767,
-0.07086080312728882,
-0.09044934809207916,
-0.0077678728848695755,
0.04475291445851326,
-0.0316799059510231,
0.0616195946931839,
0.008278327994048595,
-0.009563579224050045,
-0.022835394367575645,
0.05335795506834984,
0.0021933517418801785,
-0.08507000654935837,
-0.021904321387410164,
0.02274547889828682,
0.013565081171691418,
-0.012689923867583275,
-0.07246770709753036,
0.05763630568981171,
-0.026822039857506752,
-0.06606687605381012,
-0.03969600051641464,
0.04257738217711449,
0.03717026859521866,
-0.02699759602546692,
-0.008365442976355553,
-0.012567589990794659,
-0.013920273631811142,
-0.03675965964794159,
-0.04923718422651291,
0.050200626254081726,
-0.04097873717546463,
-0.022804824635386467,
0.027601463720202446,
0.050824135541915894,
-0.025465862825512886,
0.043847810477018356,
-0.013412988744676113,
-0.10320105403661728,
0.011372013948857784,
0.06615613400936127,
-0.019625358283519745,
0.017036790028214455,
-0.022466907277703285,
0.037244655191898346,
-0.036346808075904846,
0.0860060602426529,
-0.06775335967540741,
-0.07375653088092804,
0.08243250846862793,
-0.01054508239030838,
-0.05437576398253441,
0.03767036646604538,
-0.10991878807544708,
0.004202753771096468,
0.02326211892068386,
-0.01843515783548355,
-0.12741072475910187,
0.06641189008951187,
0.10265029221773148,
-0.02300182543694973,
0.042688414454460144,
0.00261186296120286,
0.01671430841088295,
-0.03888316825032234,
-0.05953619256615639,
0.09221792221069336,
0.036099959164857864,
-0.0006168240215629339,
-0.02876115031540394,
-0.09069490432739258,
-0.13369418680667877,
-0.03482857346534729,
-0.0388403944671154,
0.01877805031836033,
0.06470366567373276,
0.022021254524588585,
0.02134127728641033,
0.08499224483966827,
0.0026197494007647038,
0.05364440754055977,
0.07687751203775406,
0.09265750646591187,
-0.02960836887359619,
0.017479462549090385,
0.002314062789082527,
0.01912076026201248,
-0.03111896850168705,
-0.06062903255224228,
-0.003853054717183113,
0.05264018103480339,
0.025310801342129707,
0.0013828864321112633,
-0.018027329817414284,
0.045520227402448654,
-0.12221767753362656,
-0.0635007694363594,
0.05867129564285278,
0.05760771036148071,
-0.04551593214273453,
-0.08764556795358658,
0.037636417895555496,
0.00012740958482027054,
0.027978017926216125,
-0.05473122373223305,
-0.05620214343070984,
0.061503876000642776,
0.012507226318120956,
-0.035089462995529175,
0.02203282155096531,
0.012442423030734062,
-0.004469035658985376,
0.02391560934484005,
0.049269113689661026,
0.0349913127720356,
-0.0927460715174675,
-0.05717495083808899,
0.0897991955280304,
1.4236758853642217e-32,
-0.0372796468436718,
0.0028612895403057337,
0.002292557852342725,
0.01567310281097889,
-0.01625322736799717,
-0.013118108734488487,
-0.07457754015922546,
-0.052936285734176636,
-0.020040487870573997,
-0.011410306207835674,
-0.02422219142317772,
0.04747345298528671,
0.0036225044168531895,
-0.044981688261032104,
0.021719811484217644,
-0.07271942496299744,
0.06440889835357666,
0.06799127906560898,
-0.13119646906852722,
0.01116932276636362,
0.05741795152425766,
-0.035882413387298584,
-0.021279923617839813,
-0.04322346672415733,
0.033307936042547226,
0.006798291578888893,
0.05279289186000824,
-0.02046150714159012,
-0.05114888772368431,
0.05142947658896446,
0.04563230648636818,
-0.017249122262001038,
-0.09173745661973953,
0.005183782894164324,
-0.05282209441065788,
0.01524596381932497,
0.043530113995075226,
-0.013123637065291405,
0.020820342004299164,
-0.03980536013841629,
0.00185544288251549,
-0.020004309713840485,
0.0012886796612292528,
0.031242137774825096,
0.017508506774902344,
-0.030788889154791832,
0.030024951323866844,
-0.0354049913585186,
-0.018478499725461006,
0.029103461652994156,
-0.06446176022291183,
-0.009095339104533195,
-0.0022042435593903065,
-0.039935845881700516,
0.011440735310316086,
0.0501696802675724,
0.00447290251031518,
0.01389471348375082,
0.0035147040616720915,
0.05309571325778961,
0.03200999274849892,
0.050120677798986435,
-0.06285236775875092,
-0.03059377707540989,
0.0082172229886055,
0.016101187095046043,
-0.025280332192778587,
-0.0420854277908802,
0.01606637053191662,
0.0005802040104754269,
-0.02942422777414322,
-0.06456416100263596,
0.08225567638874054,
0.04167032614350319,
0.10811515897512436,
0.046707864850759506,
0.00035371052217669785,
0.049712885171175,
-0.030381854623556137,
0.02754536084830761,
-0.021662605926394463,
0.044919632375240326,
-0.021447328850626945,
-0.0274261012673378,
0.11285068839788437,
-0.008903635665774345,
0.08623343706130981,
-0.038156457245349884,
-0.08082592487335205,
0.036879729479551315,
0.012348504737019539,
-0.06048253923654556,
0.007853234186768532,
0.022519811987876892,
-0.02878216840326786,
-1.1812896114402383e-32,
0.005555836949497461,
0.07845039665699005,
0.023405466228723526,
-0.00326719181612134,
0.04803493246436119,
-0.010602029040455818,
0.016207976266741753,
-0.050240885466337204,
0.06932692229747772,
0.057105280458927155,
0.05979788303375244,
0.015447347424924374,
-0.06535280495882034,
-0.050025250762701035,
-0.05784330144524574,
-0.023040523752570152,
0.0694674551486969,
0.019189482554793358,
-0.027162978425621986,
0.002597660990431905,
0.04326045885682106,
0.09002061188220978,
-0.13789519667625427,
0.026831427589058876,
0.018303222954273224,
0.093771792948246,
0.02721799910068512,
-0.001973541919142008,
-0.005717691499739885,
0.013555467128753662,
-0.08829223364591599,
-0.0362154021859169,
-0.039610445499420166,
0.016838572919368744,
-0.027931474149227142,
0.01065772119909525,
0.028612131252884865,
0.07763811200857162,
-0.05292661115527153,
0.06161706522107124,
0.07383740693330765,
0.010764622129499912,
0.05397571250796318,
-0.008380573242902756,
-0.008237550966441631,
-0.05773570388555527,
-0.01958722248673439,
0.0029707590583711863,
-0.021929079666733742,
0.039782583713531494,
-0.04912129044532776,
0.0684710294008255,
-0.0785176083445549,
0.059419650584459305,
0.0913773849606514,
-0.07966411113739014,
0.03323039039969444,
-0.09147456288337708,
-0.14047417044639587,
-0.021130748093128204,
0.047465406358242035,
0.06716172397136688,
0.016408590599894524,
-0.04144404083490372,
0.08213672786951065,
-0.051331378519535065,
-0.014839500188827515,
-0.06897459179162979,
-0.0839247852563858,
-0.031238006427884102,
-0.07590626180171967,
-0.014069580473005772,
0.015848899260163307,
-0.09787461161613464,
0.022107992321252823,
-0.03676413372159004,
0.0766400545835495,
0.005994932260364294,
-0.008683115243911743,
0.008435143157839775,
-0.08464106917381287,
-0.02862674742937088,
0.023221712559461594,
0.015523605048656464,
0.004459120333194733,
0.07496043294668198,
-0.008986140601336956,
0.05513900890946388,
0.08446985483169556,
-0.02264191210269928,
0.018390847370028496,
-0.016027729958295822,
0.06792045384645462,
0.008895402774214745,
0.010133637115359306,
-6.117934958638216e-8,
0.017483506351709366,
0.05812473222613335,
-0.028119882568717003,
-0.019391853362321854,
0.038023512810468674,
-0.025371640920639038,
-0.0332711823284626,
0.019057419151067734,
-0.05842708796262741,
-0.04928386211395264,
0.13988114893436432,
0.026049593463540077,
0.009231767617166042,
0.029096286743879318,
-0.033098004758358,
-0.009458962827920914,
-0.006465856451541185,
0.09161338955163956,
-0.025608476251363754,
-0.06864164769649506,
-0.008542133495211601,
-0.019295623525977135,
0.1000492051243782,
0.07589029520750046,
-0.068883016705513,
0.039942387491464615,
-0.009073890745639801,
0.02766576036810875,
0.07589403539896011,
0.026559952646493912,
0.09970809519290924,
-0.00939868576824665,
0.02354421094059944,
-0.010744907893240452,
0.0042406413704156876,
0.07098907232284546,
-0.02190081775188446,
0.038674768060445786,
-0.008343176916241646,
0.08898214995861053,
-0.004668796434998512,
-0.045627839863300323,
0.014895305968821049,
0.1032424122095108,
0.035869091749191284,
0.02356988750398159,
-0.07045092433691025,
-0.015465489588677883,
0.007115168031305075,
-0.10150916874408722,
-0.026201825588941574,
-0.033393967896699905,
0.007910496555268764,
-0.015598433092236519,
-0.03233155608177185,
0.09948335587978363,
-0.0010683456202968955,
-0.05415321886539459,
-0.07931137830018997,
-0.008394884876906872,
0.09013743698596954,
-0.0851111114025116,
-0.14644652605056763,
0.032878026366233826
] | {
"pdf_file": "ZNYZJRGRBVNDHPENIJ5DZ7KK2QLJZXYQ.pdf",
"text": "Routine Radiation Survey Schedule\n2005-02 June - August Run\nSectorCAT \nCustodian StationsStation \nType Date TimeRailings \nTie offs Remarks\n23IDGMCA \nB. Fischetti A \nB C Dwhite \nmono white mono 6/9/05 14:00 Railings - stairs Complete\n24IDNE \nM. Capel\nA \nB Cwhite \nwhite mono 6/10/05 8:30 Railings - stairs Complete\n9BMCMC \nT. Gog A \nB Cwhite \nmono mono 6/24/05 11:00 Tie off - need lift Complete\n10BMMR \nJ. Katsoudis\nA white 6/27/05 TBD Railings - stairs Complete\n12IDBESSRC/XOR \nR. Winans A \nB C Dwhite \nmono 6/28/05 8:00 Tie off - need lift Complete\n17BMIMCA \nL. Keefe\nA \nB white \nmono 6/28/05 TBD Tie off - need lift Complete\n3IDXOR \nE. Alp D mono 6/29/05 10:00 Tie off - need liftComplete \nA,B,C completed 6/7/05\n10IDMR \nJ. TerryA \nB white \nmono 7/12/05 8:00 Tie off - need lift Complete\n13IDGEO-CARS \nM. Rivers D white 7/20/05 10:30 Tie off - stairsComplete \nA,B,C completed 6/2/05\n14BMBIO-CARS \nR. PahlA \nB C Dwhite \npink mono mono TBD TBD Railings - stairsUnder construction - will be surveyed \nduring 2005-03 run\n11IDBESSRC/XOR \nR. Winans \nA \nB C Dwhite \nmono mono mono 8/3/05 10:00 Tie off - need lift Complete\nAugust 11, 2005 Prepared by Dean Wyncott Routine Radiation Survey Schedule\n2005-02 June - August Run\n34IDUNI \nP. ZschackA \nB C D Ewhite \nwhite pink white white 6/2/05 8:30 Tie off - need lift Complete\n1IDXOR \nD. Haeffner\nA \nB C white \nwhite mono 6/2/05 10:00 Tie off - need lift Complete\n12BMBESSRC/XOR \nR. Winans\nA \nB white \nmono 6/2/05 11:00 Tie off - need lift Complete\n13IDGEO-CARS \nM. RiversA \nB C D white \nwhite white white 6/2/05 13:00 Tie off - stairsA,B,C Complete, D scheduled for \n7/20/05 @ 10:30\n1BMXOR \nD. Haeffner\nA \nB C white \npink mono 6/3/05 10:00 Tie off - need lift Complete\n22BMSER \nG. Rosenbaum A \nC Dwhite \nwhite mono 6/3/05 11:00 Railings - stairs Complete\n17IDIMCA \nL. Keefe\nA \nB white \nmono 6/3/05 13:00 Tie off - need lift Complete\n22IDSER \nG. RosenbaumA \nC Dwhite \nwhite mono 6/7/05 9:00 Railings - stairs Complete\n3IDXOR \nE. AlpA \nB C D white \nmono mono mono 6/7/05 13:30 Tie off - need liftA,B,C Complete, D scheduled for \n6/29/05 @ 10:00\n16BMHP \nD. Hausermann A white 6/8/05 8:30 Railings - stairs Complete\nAugust 11, 2005 Prepared by Dean Wyncott"
} |
[
-0.11883839964866638,
0.04829868674278259,
-0.0025480559561401606,
-0.011011209338903427,
0.05195074528455734,
0.010291832499206066,
0.1154332384467125,
0.0007007909007370472,
-0.08592535555362701,
-0.07065396010875702,
0.0013317164266481996,
-0.035472381860017776,
0.018434155732393265,
-0.006737178191542625,
0.024402987211942673,
-0.029503243044018745,
-0.058138374239206314,
-0.05043954402208328,
-0.020765526220202446,
0.029036032035946846,
-0.06367600709199905,
0.024029914289712906,
0.0262432973831892,
-0.006037362851202488,
-0.011076544411480427,
-0.0014006864512339234,
-0.018619801849126816,
0.03277004510164261,
0.0028860096354037523,
-0.05694391578435898,
-0.04394163936376572,
0.025414075702428818,
0.08790954202413559,
-0.02499123103916645,
-0.03668315336108208,
0.0062413448467850685,
-0.06646791845560074,
-0.0671444833278656,
0.020564241334795952,
0.04238877445459366,
0.021880215033888817,
-0.04288247600197792,
-0.03437700495123863,
0.06146686151623726,
0.0656372681260109,
-0.0785202905535698,
0.029487011954188347,
0.010798297822475433,
0.06332410126924515,
-0.04508465901017189,
-0.01823394186794758,
-0.027721041813492775,
-0.0036737609189003706,
-0.03659451752901077,
0.054250262677669525,
-0.02085655927658081,
0.015034922398626804,
-0.060095224529504776,
0.016393909230828285,
-0.03323858231306076,
0.01750349812209606,
-0.0005952207720838487,
-0.16348379850387573,
0.08492093533277512,
-0.07583844661712646,
0.0161097701638937,
0.048382941633462906,
-0.007598146330565214,
-0.024985475465655327,
0.05949747934937477,
0.0658901110291481,
-0.03513742983341217,
0.0008843158720992506,
-0.11567969620227814,
0.049390342086553574,
0.03360460326075554,
0.055154237896203995,
0.026383694261312485,
0.053694359958171844,
0.038932498544454575,
0.0004393816343508661,
0.0180604699999094,
-0.09288253635168076,
-0.004073987249284983,
-0.0008234609267674387,
-0.04883106052875519,
-0.006677441764622927,
-0.023541681468486786,
-0.03813307359814644,
0.05245159938931465,
-0.042493823915719986,
-0.055899728089571,
0.08681583404541016,
-0.04896170645952225,
-0.08339672535657883,
-0.0457635223865509,
0.029042238369584084,
0.03465776517987251,
-0.08649188280105591,
0.4062184691429138,
0.03594949096441269,
0.018697189167141914,
0.0979783833026886,
-0.007865204475820065,
0.023714108392596245,
-0.05756505951285362,
-0.06109985336661339,
-0.006620500702410936,
0.007060033269226551,
0.021669859066605568,
-0.024405108764767647,
-0.033514637500047684,
0.00025015627034008503,
0.03170765936374664,
0.04407161846756935,
0.09463243186473846,
-0.035580113530159,
-0.0045343064703047276,
0.043714847415685654,
0.00020504710846580565,
-0.002858717693015933,
-0.024884076789021492,
0.0037606365513056517,
0.014041258953511715,
0.07781578600406647,
-0.1323145031929016,
0.0068764761090278625,
-7.2201250750405e-33,
0.007334581576287746,
0.002726183971390128,
0.012147537432610989,
-0.002440247917547822,
0.027932560071349144,
0.03927065059542656,
0.003743888111785054,
-0.04643532633781433,
-0.014492551796138287,
0.05360198765993118,
0.006590632256120443,
0.03664784133434296,
-0.023135676980018616,
0.03275369852781296,
0.07811082899570465,
0.009627518244087696,
0.007964123040437698,
0.0028742437716573477,
-0.0018807238666340709,
0.004691542126238346,
-0.012402275577187538,
-0.0008041393011808395,
-0.023038707673549652,
0.04297299310564995,
-0.028259985148906708,
-0.06694644689559937,
0.038539037108421326,
-0.07085712999105453,
0.020109260454773903,
0.001460324041545391,
0.0014639950823038816,
0.049912355840206146,
-0.02594558522105217,
0.0008223677286878228,
-0.03757276013493538,
-0.028740663081407547,
0.03337514027953148,
-0.07462829351425171,
-0.035983964800834656,
0.025680823251605034,
-0.050139084458351135,
0.010837196372449398,
-0.04243791848421097,
-0.002668545348569751,
-0.004916265141218901,
0.16647927463054657,
-0.0011541391722857952,
-0.004960660357028246,
-0.06482207775115967,
0.06976216286420822,
-0.0028182310052216053,
-0.02132517658174038,
-0.11613703519105911,
0.04333868995308876,
-0.0033509607892483473,
-0.020106570795178413,
0.016554009169340134,
-0.043971188366413116,
0.020619438961148262,
-0.009089959785342216,
0.009713641367852688,
0.039391469210386276,
-0.012487754225730896,
0.009350251406431198,
-0.08647788316011429,
-0.04851773753762245,
0.02447775937616825,
-0.008494960144162178,
0.023063570261001587,
-0.012638214975595474,
-0.05100997909903526,
0.03675990551710129,
0.03771744668483734,
0.030916057527065277,
-0.028798431158065796,
-0.01926880143582821,
-0.019831717014312744,
0.03583517670631409,
0.08063048869371414,
0.00649732630699873,
0.03545527532696724,
-0.041958946734666824,
0.006693818140774965,
-0.024078864604234695,
0.09502369910478592,
0.054634999483823776,
0.004220988135784864,
-0.05180729925632477,
0.01021517813205719,
-0.041098661720752716,
-0.03574559465050697,
0.06131820008158684,
-0.0030944310128688812,
0.08796171098947525,
0.006000818684697151,
4.4925641867161134e-33,
-0.07716735452413559,
0.01899317093193531,
-0.03573813661932945,
0.0887979194521904,
-0.01755509153008461,
-0.0027626880910247564,
0.037273939698934555,
0.09013677388429642,
-0.09250447154045105,
0.0680299699306488,
0.022390201687812805,
-0.045089662075042725,
0.030878892168402672,
0.044495198875665665,
-0.005799654871225357,
0.03523358702659607,
0.06968843936920166,
-0.004063474480062723,
-0.028155116364359856,
-0.03572935611009598,
-0.030507177114486694,
-0.03237851336598396,
-0.0024998304434120655,
0.034929435700178146,
-0.04148077219724655,
0.030205287039279938,
0.04858911409974098,
0.0632987916469574,
-0.021693143993616104,
0.036800533533096313,
0.03896567225456238,
-0.023581488057971,
-0.05063262954354286,
-0.05820295587182045,
0.04826247692108154,
0.08404397964477539,
0.03678114339709282,
-0.0007768925279378891,
0.024848245084285736,
-0.05051735043525696,
0.039668887853622437,
-0.010082785040140152,
0.002244437113404274,
0.11697717010974884,
-0.021961307153105736,
-0.005805923603475094,
-0.048092879354953766,
0.003788944333791733,
0.035172659903764725,
0.07729728519916534,
-0.09319712221622467,
-0.011992926709353924,
-0.021968109533190727,
0.04129430651664734,
-0.022958293557167053,
0.004160518292337656,
-0.0432187058031559,
0.0702132061123848,
-0.01905948668718338,
0.0004752702370751649,
0.005480603780597448,
0.026761434972286224,
-0.033612821251153946,
0.01346849836409092,
-0.022746674716472626,
0.03873894736170769,
-0.024523282423615456,
-0.03632815554738045,
-0.0017924589337781072,
-0.052569907158613205,
0.006689464673399925,
-0.025846485048532486,
-0.1348353624343872,
0.0011394252069294453,
-0.047169335186481476,
-0.05347497761249542,
-0.018427148461341858,
-0.007304163184016943,
-0.009657083079218864,
-0.037726134061813354,
-0.033999841660261154,
0.01841733604669571,
-0.008003143593668938,
-0.005512353032827377,
-0.03353199362754822,
-0.0201805979013443,
0.021665804088115692,
0.01075822301208973,
-0.05747472122311592,
0.01969684660434723,
-0.007240809965878725,
0.023037107661366463,
0.12023406475782394,
0.0032419958151876926,
0.010150063782930374,
-1.3403668397415913e-8,
-0.046724583953619,
0.04062063992023468,
-0.05561641603708267,
-0.0018853341462090611,
0.056323979049921036,
0.049638908356428146,
-0.04154156893491745,
0.0325038842856884,
0.02574923262000084,
-0.018780937418341637,
0.06920813769102097,
0.02598794549703598,
-0.02782331220805645,
0.05757509544491768,
0.09128093719482422,
-0.01532574463635683,
-0.10472093522548676,
-0.027585938572883606,
-0.016222817823290825,
-0.035399287939071655,
-0.010461363941431046,
-0.013999390415847301,
-0.0002939800324384123,
-0.08362972736358643,
0.007932317443192005,
0.006960071157664061,
-0.04422977939248085,
0.07475824654102325,
0.07440952211618423,
-0.04058071970939636,
-0.0018266832921653986,
0.01985001191496849,
0.014382191933691502,
0.020585300400853157,
0.02213379554450512,
-0.06437048316001892,
-0.06369856745004654,
0.01613914780318737,
0.009907381609082222,
-0.0055595203302800655,
-0.05467313155531883,
-0.0233115516602993,
0.07046928256750107,
0.006468005012720823,
-0.047700025141239166,
-0.0036470729392021894,
0.007837599143385887,
-0.004974569659680128,
-0.01241857185959816,
-0.07781214267015457,
-0.0009409073390997946,
-0.008002524264156818,
0.006034235469996929,
0.08434933423995972,
0.10730371624231339,
0.011427774094045162,
0.013366665691137314,
-0.012747352942824364,
0.061454374343156815,
0.03564131259918213,
0.1587459295988083,
0.12640950083732605,
0.04654904082417488,
-0.015717294067144394
] | {
"pdf_file": "V43BBGOXKQVDHJ3ICAOI3APQSTRGNTKB.pdf",
"text": ""
} |
[
-0.04715743288397789,
0.0035186405293643475,
0.0034888526424765587,
-0.07574497908353806,
0.08272675424814224,
0.053899381309747696,
0.038838621228933334,
0.0811627209186554,
-0.008059266954660416,
-0.0081907007843256,
0.02706502377986908,
0.0458674319088459,
0.008061722852289677,
-0.058909982442855835,
-0.017695074900984764,
-0.05627765506505966,
0.0679088830947876,
0.013671747408807278,
-0.058871105313301086,
0.12176931649446487,
-0.0045862141996622086,
0.12466471642255783,
0.04751529544591904,
0.1010984405875206,
-0.14065410196781158,
0.0030588367953896523,
-0.043054431676864624,
-0.029662594199180603,
-0.07421430200338364,
-0.026935677975416183,
0.031197356060147285,
-0.02411714754998684,
0.06856708973646164,
0.005934638436883688,
0.06635849922895432,
-0.026047075167298317,
-0.07349444925785065,
-0.0013570714509114623,
0.003328395541757345,
-0.022032374516129494,
-0.02221863716840744,
-0.08476384729146957,
-0.10844526439905167,
0.11776228249073029,
-0.00964318960905075,
-0.07765726000070572,
0.058880578726530075,
0.0013625165447592735,
-0.011794909834861755,
0.062471047043800354,
-0.054443325847387314,
-0.05502063035964966,
0.02343609370291233,
-0.02646120823919773,
-0.013250131160020828,
-0.08714260905981064,
-0.014905341900885105,
-0.037320107221603394,
-0.07646528631448746,
0.11726176738739014,
0.03518440201878548,
-0.0844416543841362,
0.029253117740154266,
0.030758293345570564,
0.0009264494874514639,
0.06391961127519608,
0.025527073070406914,
-0.029218554496765137,
-0.021172000095248222,
-0.0016093928134068847,
0.0057271127589046955,
0.006149212829768658,
0.03927317634224892,
0.025813976302742958,
0.02578887715935707,
0.04474414885044098,
-0.013919906690716743,
0.0736580565571785,
0.08099070936441422,
-0.07926314324140549,
0.02966776117682457,
-0.009025380946695805,
-0.005000801291316748,
0.04996585473418236,
0.027930311858654022,
-0.00111141218803823,
-0.061617448925971985,
0.005500501021742821,
-0.02406741864979267,
-0.011112608015537262,
0.05157361179590225,
-0.0619540736079216,
0.0684601441025734,
0.020761093124747276,
-0.05648922920227051,
-0.009533865377306938,
-0.04954523593187332,
-0.05344908684492111,
0.020250285044312477,
-0.000577279832214117,
-0.05175444856286049,
-0.006747941952198744,
-0.11406932026147842,
0.010782741010189056,
-0.04439770430326462,
-0.0894513726234436,
0.006085009779781103,
-0.061982713639736176,
0.021249424666166306,
0.1377827227115631,
0.017535652965307236,
0.0688440203666687,
-0.016319073736667633,
-0.007787888403981924,
-0.049008700996637344,
0.01050485298037529,
-0.046394579112529755,
-0.0012990583200007677,
0.0732773095369339,
-0.029889464378356934,
-0.0405062735080719,
0.012615639716386795,
0.040248237550258636,
-0.0641830638051033,
-0.014927102252840996,
0.026627611368894577,
0.041054852306842804,
1.0332882788830882e-33,
-0.03536444529891014,
0.07221955060958862,
0.041658833622932434,
-0.025506576523184776,
0.033221952617168427,
0.0002756839385256171,
-0.015396453440189362,
-0.032997094094753265,
0.025601906701922417,
-0.0199498999863863,
-0.030141493305563927,
-0.01233973354101181,
-0.004323228262364864,
0.05151697248220444,
-0.02796354331076145,
-0.003332130378112197,
-0.029249826446175575,
0.06162523478269577,
0.0027681495994329453,
-0.03422508388757706,
-0.031462106853723526,
-0.08036386966705322,
0.017755519598722458,
0.013978333212435246,
-0.06545919924974442,
0.052484553307294846,
-0.07000093162059784,
0.009329430758953094,
0.07671626657247543,
0.03658587858080864,
-0.04393242672085762,
0.005814575124531984,
0.10529772937297821,
-0.032555148005485535,
-0.0057131280191242695,
-0.005535686854273081,
-0.09582053124904633,
-0.049839723855257034,
-0.01487089041620493,
0.003700490342453122,
-0.0035735424607992172,
0.027853691950440407,
0.029291203245520592,
0.0267027635127306,
0.030261078849434853,
-0.009710709564387798,
-0.12307319790124893,
0.012201391160488129,
-0.06969089061021805,
-0.055568449199199677,
-0.029078571125864983,
0.015847397968173027,
0.051162753254175186,
-0.10391485691070557,
-0.03133184462785721,
-0.04331986606121063,
-0.058284658938646317,
-0.07850030064582825,
-0.012067172676324844,
0.0007528598071075976,
-0.004152375273406506,
0.14623026549816132,
0.033786896616220474,
0.031400151550769806,
-0.0687192901968956,
0.036907147616147995,
0.014144903048872948,
-0.07753188908100128,
-0.018387869000434875,
0.00044404648360796273,
0.023569902405142784,
0.015498536638915539,
-0.0752505511045456,
0.016914617270231247,
-0.08026959747076035,
-0.02524099498987198,
-0.011238254606723785,
0.025816036388278008,
0.014115666039288044,
-0.08182334154844284,
0.014346852898597717,
-0.024343127384781837,
0.0068328408524394035,
0.08450507372617722,
-0.04029130935668945,
-0.08560219407081604,
-0.031776394695043564,
0.049632728099823,
-0.028007937595248222,
0.05787802115082741,
-0.042402464896440506,
0.00420788349583745,
-0.008994245901703835,
0.08701296150684357,
-0.01727675274014473,
-4.7605144505662075e-33,
-0.042265914380550385,
-0.06748123466968536,
0.028300661593675613,
-0.07972003519535065,
-0.029476866126060486,
-0.04263950511813164,
-0.02976056933403015,
-0.06024717912077904,
0.1186927929520607,
-0.027268607169389725,
-0.04148740693926811,
-0.0026325611397624016,
-0.028218038380146027,
-0.024961072951555252,
-0.05791774019598961,
0.05337611213326454,
-0.018538977950811386,
-0.011189130134880543,
-0.005793815013021231,
-0.043614741414785385,
0.039411306381225586,
0.06635164469480515,
-0.04369090497493744,
0.11512613296508789,
-0.06165674701333046,
0.04677269235253334,
0.02270146645605564,
-0.025108564645051956,
0.062340330332517624,
-0.04830606281757355,
-0.05341586098074913,
-0.040355123579502106,
-0.010932776145637035,
0.06565429270267487,
-0.02886655367910862,
0.01432360801845789,
0.040357496589422226,
-0.03966529667377472,
-0.02363680861890316,
-0.06079773232340813,
0.09009528160095215,
0.04595869779586792,
-0.10910411924123764,
0.03467365726828575,
-0.0013446760131046176,
-0.06593025475740433,
0.037726543843746185,
-0.025788353756070137,
0.0026009674184024334,
0.03161938115954399,
-0.0008656972204335034,
-0.044096939265728,
0.026302218437194824,
-0.027796881273388863,
-0.04499322175979614,
0.06687703728675842,
0.05750356614589691,
-0.06466847658157349,
0.07259048521518707,
0.01188285555690527,
0.0222299974411726,
0.07458343356847763,
-0.06901155412197113,
-0.010929214768111706,
0.037104200571775436,
-0.01582976244390011,
0.010278617963194847,
-0.03501558676362038,
0.09464985877275467,
-0.07690317183732986,
0.04195546358823776,
-0.015603491105139256,
-0.049089573323726654,
-0.03400406986474991,
-0.026947323232889175,
-0.0019293032819405198,
-0.0848282128572464,
-0.042200587689876556,
-0.13403911888599396,
0.035501353442668915,
0.07653678208589554,
-0.04835306107997894,
-0.05078619718551636,
0.09142541140317917,
0.07640451937913895,
-0.01674940623342991,
0.0709872916340828,
-0.0544247180223465,
-0.025302479043602943,
0.055261507630348206,
-0.0491228811442852,
0.0002976041578222066,
-0.09645530581474304,
0.09388215839862823,
-0.03974636271595955,
-5.561614457860742e-8,
0.11586789786815643,
-0.019124213606119156,
-0.013029592111706734,
0.03102285787463188,
0.007463440764695406,
-0.04412702098488808,
-0.04625790938735008,
-0.05043153464794159,
0.009194855578243732,
0.0016949537675827742,
0.05067116767168045,
0.07542894035577774,
-0.034461770206689835,
0.060173239558935165,
-0.006432706490159035,
0.029622795060276985,
-0.0639796033501625,
0.045796506106853485,
-0.06727291643619537,
0.0490998774766922,
-0.08259239047765732,
0.04238944873213768,
-0.0036606353241950274,
-0.03206099197268486,
0.04857373982667923,
-0.05641091242432594,
0.022403141483664513,
0.011801544576883316,
0.03748989477753639,
0.028706632554531097,
-0.022807558998465538,
-0.032844942063093185,
0.009350661188364029,
0.07813908904790878,
-0.057455599308013916,
-0.07238413393497467,
-0.009189259260892868,
-0.016723651438951492,
0.06252184510231018,
0.030784716829657555,
-0.06448259949684143,
0.04952453076839447,
-0.018901484087109566,
0.04668152332305908,
0.04250391572713852,
-0.052664533257484436,
-0.037503842264413834,
0.06437821686267853,
0.018437134101986885,
0.04736609011888504,
-0.030995817855000496,
0.008715145289897919,
0.07926318049430847,
-0.00039030658081173897,
-0.0242038331925869,
0.01307322084903717,
0.005046831909567118,
-0.003995250910520554,
0.0337483286857605,
-0.07297232002019882,
0.057538360357284546,
-0.03557766228914261,
0.11350059509277344,
0.012331360951066017
] | {
"pdf_file": "NV2HBNZCYGDWN6RFSVHR75IP4EJX3G4D.pdf",
"text": "Members of Congress Question FDA Proposal Designed to Create Liability Shield for Drug and Device Companies\n \nToday Representatives Henry A. Waxman, John D. Dingell, Frank Pallone, Jr., Rosa L.\nDeLauro, and Edward Markey, and Senators Edward M. Kennedy, Patrick J. Leahy, and\nChristopher J. Dodd, questioned the basis for a new Food and Drug Administration (FDA)\nproposal that was apparently designed to shield pharmaceutical and device companies from\nliability for injuries sustained by American consumers as a result of unsafe products.\n \n“We are concerned that the intent of this proposal is to protect companies in the pharmaceutical\nand device industry from being held liable for marketing products they know are unsafe,” said\nthe members in a letter to FDA Commissioner von Eschenbach. “Such a policy change comes\nat the expense of consumers and violates the mission of the FDA.”\n \nFDA’s proposed rule would amend the regulations that permit companies to promptly update\ntheir drug and device labels with new safety information without waiting for FDA approval. \nThese regulations serve the vitally important public health function of ensuring that patients and\nhealthcare providers are made aware of safety risks associated with their medical products at\nthe earliest possible moment.\n \nGiven that FDA failed to identify a public health basis for why this lengthy proposal was\nnecessary at this point in time, the letter’s authors ask FDA to answer questions justifying the\nexpenditure of the agency’s limited resources on this effort.\n Documents and Links\n \n - Letter to FDA Commissioner von Eschenbach \n - Press Release: Members of Congress Question FDA Proposal \n \n 1 / 1"
} |
[
-0.09667576849460602,
-0.02781197801232338,
0.0030015737283974886,
-0.07528316974639893,
0.028267040848731995,
-0.03963230922818184,
-0.022800322622060776,
0.03558645769953728,
-0.06266619265079498,
-0.026889197528362274,
0.01130538061261177,
-0.05487251654267311,
0.01489113550633192,
-0.009871031157672405,
-0.022761622443795204,
-0.0864296555519104,
0.05410873889923096,
-0.11997489631175995,
-0.04129324480891228,
0.022509155794978142,
0.1114027351140976,
0.07840852439403534,
-0.02445642091333866,
-0.0037594535388052464,
0.03272291272878647,
0.03785703331232071,
-0.09888353943824768,
0.028703227639198303,
0.033823706209659576,
-0.10234062373638153,
0.0321844145655632,
0.044586267322301865,
-0.03632456064224243,
0.006007816176861525,
0.14477522671222687,
-0.07046790421009064,
-0.010578502900898457,
0.028147095814347267,
0.004621210973709822,
0.09281983226537704,
-0.02123451419174671,
-0.10234837979078293,
0.035870157182216644,
0.06171034649014473,
-0.04000582918524742,
0.02178703248500824,
-0.07496873289346695,
-0.014351601712405682,
0.013937097042798996,
-0.033557746559381485,
0.0019467923557385802,
-0.00038087170105427504,
-0.0922112762928009,
0.049165960401296616,
0.03774077817797661,
-0.08536199480295181,
-0.029820632189512253,
-0.05625738576054573,
-0.1023871898651123,
0.03908485174179077,
-0.07186434417963028,
0.0001373603445244953,
-0.040203895419836044,
0.011053276248276234,
0.0342685803771019,
0.014626243151724339,
0.00029236069531179965,
-0.013255747966468334,
-0.0441230833530426,
-0.025232112035155296,
-0.051938097923994064,
0.060469575226306915,
-0.003222269704565406,
-0.04503544792532921,
-0.029962606728076935,
0.07446496188640594,
0.0038042976520955563,
-0.002348347334191203,
0.05096392706036568,
-0.0544099286198616,
0.020807387307286263,
0.05229107290506363,
-0.018015708774328232,
-0.0008620569133199751,
-0.0575040802359581,
-0.04551369696855545,
-0.0388602651655674,
0.049116358160972595,
0.03034675307571888,
-0.03879236802458763,
0.012678292579948902,
0.08937089890241623,
-0.020827453583478928,
0.011723075062036514,
0.03612888976931572,
0.07862351089715958,
0.0501575767993927,
-0.04601236432790756,
0.07198172807693481,
0.04376779496669769,
-0.012431026436388493,
-0.00804719515144825,
0.03817088156938553,
-0.023765062913298607,
-0.06923247873783112,
-0.04037557542324066,
0.0031086564995348454,
0.0894838273525238,
-0.005722786765545607,
-0.012483465485274792,
-0.008811958134174347,
0.00791317131370306,
0.0036377354990690947,
-0.048141974955797195,
-0.061198439449071884,
0.018988104537129402,
-0.06114158779382706,
-0.03340290114283562,
-0.007906307466328144,
-0.04196888208389282,
0.006836323998868465,
0.004968584049493074,
0.03449903801083565,
-0.0175115168094635,
-0.06650347262620926,
0.04752429947257042,
0.028497230261564255,
4.897902924212455e-33,
-0.06803746521472931,
-0.03554227575659752,
0.04350515827536583,
0.03572387620806694,
-0.0008804374374449253,
0.03901102766394615,
-0.018467457965016365,
0.022641021758317947,
0.014754575677216053,
0.02653096802532673,
-0.02149408683180809,
-0.0033134690020233393,
-0.09387132525444031,
0.019823504611849785,
-0.06567369401454926,
-0.023573102429509163,
0.05695692077279091,
0.10476987808942795,
-0.07662968337535858,
0.007259296253323555,
0.09395802766084671,
-0.04207862541079521,
-0.02042502909898758,
-0.011743313632905483,
0.0059951297007501125,
0.02981918305158615,
-0.03194480016827583,
-0.018548043444752693,
-0.06387103348970413,
0.0340823158621788,
0.043424781411886215,
-0.04571043699979782,
-0.029113706201314926,
-0.024663135409355164,
-0.046362027525901794,
-0.07125964760780334,
-0.0467323437333107,
-0.03811072185635567,
0.006779992952942848,
-0.07394295930862427,
-0.03248569369316101,
0.07226768881082535,
0.0750662237405777,
0.010603968054056168,
-0.006877412553876638,
-0.030657505616545677,
-0.022843532264232635,
-0.0012383692665025592,
0.11042152345180511,
0.04618489742279053,
-0.034730877727270126,
0.010066960006952286,
-0.022998565807938576,
0.017369698733091354,
0.035878170281648636,
0.08137796074151993,
-0.001638463232666254,
0.01724551059305668,
0.000741286261472851,
0.01914345659315586,
-0.05448807775974274,
0.09833916276693344,
-0.06939344108104706,
-0.06010410562157631,
0.0699692964553833,
0.02398298867046833,
-0.11883722990751266,
-0.06537602096796036,
0.12279928475618362,
0.046604499220848083,
0.01071619801223278,
-0.024319730699062347,
0.024322524666786194,
0.05398274213075638,
0.08459524065256119,
-0.044138289988040924,
0.09022882580757141,
0.04936611279845238,
0.00759997870773077,
-0.09801572561264038,
-0.060534898191690445,
0.022567136213183403,
-0.024259882047772408,
0.012317599728703499,
-0.034408822655677795,
-0.0701250433921814,
0.03780875727534294,
0.03428344428539276,
-0.05941259115934372,
-0.046085719019174576,
0.010610867291688919,
-0.05662022531032562,
-0.028423527255654335,
-0.03893132135272026,
0.014281178824603558,
-5.4589454393668086e-33,
0.022721558809280396,
0.10125091671943665,
0.014754895120859146,
-0.022443920373916626,
0.1089872419834137,
0.0516359880566597,
0.10150414705276489,
-0.04797964170575142,
0.08388140797615051,
0.018613003194332123,
0.016033582389354706,
0.11149465292692184,
-0.013534019701182842,
0.011163641698658466,
0.0032747455406934023,
-0.000816000159829855,
0.0020068215671926737,
-0.08718565851449966,
-0.0362679623067379,
0.020113008096814156,
-0.05667101964354515,
0.04904637113213539,
0.0009139755857177079,
0.05056231841444969,
-0.03939534351229668,
0.00008118349069263786,
-0.045508820563554764,
-0.03606681525707245,
0.014355084858834743,
0.047408733516931534,
0.009844936430454254,
0.06756719201803207,
-0.054702822118997574,
0.1567605882883072,
-0.0016229285392910242,
-0.1357850432395935,
0.06433819234371185,
0.04497087374329567,
-0.0690767914056778,
-0.05444851890206337,
0.06005306541919708,
-0.006796964909881353,
0.02821974642574787,
-0.027776088565587997,
-0.034067872911691666,
0.04669635742902756,
0.0894513875246048,
-0.11695849150419235,
0.05516527220606804,
0.0045636845752596855,
-0.061467815190553665,
0.04188088700175285,
-0.09024597704410553,
0.043008312582969666,
-0.010601159185171127,
0.04630791023373604,
0.04530321806669235,
-0.009384664706885815,
-0.09271157532930374,
-0.006892003118991852,
0.09633860737085342,
0.056192271411418915,
-0.009372948668897152,
-0.002322625834494829,
-0.004405631683766842,
-0.06402814388275146,
-0.04882948473095894,
-0.002949729561805725,
0.11285203695297241,
0.002242361195385456,
-0.06342190504074097,
0.02651599794626236,
0.08666405081748962,
-0.11859029531478882,
0.044769492000341415,
-0.024831879884004593,
-0.03521895036101341,
-0.023217149078845978,
-0.00865081511437893,
-0.01703592948615551,
-0.03877025470137596,
0.084196537733078,
-0.08284516632556915,
0.08298090845346451,
0.026660600677132607,
-0.02374425157904625,
0.08835616707801819,
-0.009764479473233223,
0.033364247530698776,
0.017690420150756836,
-0.044342778623104095,
0.02586350589990616,
-0.0119362473487854,
0.0525951012969017,
0.012610577046871185,
-5.369014743905609e-8,
-0.0376412495970726,
0.01144255232065916,
0.06256270408630371,
0.01957140862941742,
0.005696089938282967,
0.022358659654855728,
-0.018457861617207527,
-0.007544090040028095,
-0.013627523556351662,
-0.00964153092354536,
0.09161698073148727,
-0.013375211507081985,
0.010893207974731922,
-0.026443397626280785,
-0.0009066805941984057,
-0.06206551566720009,
-0.013487868010997772,
0.02971046417951584,
-0.07147081941366196,
-0.062069106847047806,
-0.014137967489659786,
0.0003666903357952833,
-0.04269251599907875,
0.0001701170258456841,
-0.03196880593895912,
0.008588575758039951,
0.0014528750907629728,
0.017191294580698013,
0.05589592084288597,
0.05298738181591034,
0.07655162364244461,
0.0067639597691595554,
-0.0516243539750576,
0.012587470933794975,
0.010944684967398643,
-0.037163615226745605,
-0.018376333639025688,
0.06427773088216782,
0.039130426943302155,
0.06330795586109161,
0.006385080981999636,
0.011244788765907288,
-0.021612396463751793,
0.01653682254254818,
0.1299876719713211,
0.0673123449087143,
-0.09904167801141739,
-0.028361205011606216,
-0.04581766948103905,
0.014616241678595543,
0.006231268867850304,
-0.04029352217912674,
-0.07090751081705093,
0.055552318692207336,
0.009771862998604774,
-0.048719704151153564,
-0.07441183924674988,
0.028426261618733406,
-0.015904836356639862,
-0.08376573771238327,
0.060865968465805054,
0.0024670418351888657,
0.04424465075135231,
0.02000097557902336
] | {
"pdf_file": "RXWB2L774DLDJ56PA7LYGA4DYUUA3FBE.pdf",
"text": "Form 3-1\nDistribution:Executive Order G-70-163-AA\nExhibit 3\nSummary of Source Test ResultsReport No.: \nTest Date: \nTest Times:\nRun A: \nRun B: \nRun C: \nSource Information Facility Parameters\nGDF Name and Address GDF Representative and Title PHASE I SYSTEM TYPE ( Check One)\nTwo Point\nCoaxial\nGDF Phone No. ( ) Coaxial with Spill Prevention\nSource: GDF Vapor Recovery\nSystemPHASE II SYSTEM TYPE\nPermit Conditions GDF # _______________OPW VaporEZ\nA/C # _______________ Manifolded? Y or N\nOperating Parameters:\nNumber of Nozzles Served by Tank #1 Number of Nozzles Served by Tank #3\nNumber of Nozzles Served by Tank #2 Total Number of Gas Nozzles at Facility\nApplicable Regulations: FOR OFFICE USE ONLY:\nSource Test Results and Comments:\nTANK #: 1 2 3 TOTAL\n 1. Product Grade\n 2. Actual Tank Capacity, gallons\n 3. Gasoline Volume, Gallons\n 4. Ullage, gallons (#2 -#3)\n 5. Phase I System Type\n 6. Initial Test Pressure, Inches H2O (2.0)\n 7. Pressure After 1 Minute, Inches H2O\n 8. Pressure After 2 Minutes, Inches H2O\n 9. Pressure After 3 Minutes, Inches H2O\n10. Pressure After 4 Minutes, Inches H2O\n11. Final Pressure After 5 Minutes, Inches H2O\n12. Allowable Final Pressure from Table 3-I\n13. Test Status [ Pass or Fail]\nTest Conducted by: Test Company\nName __________________________________\nAddress ________________________________\nCity ___________________________________Date and Time of Test:"
} |
[
-0.11883839964866638,
0.04829868674278259,
-0.0025480559561401606,
-0.011011209338903427,
0.05195074528455734,
0.010291832499206066,
0.1154332384467125,
0.0007007909007370472,
-0.08592535555362701,
-0.07065396010875702,
0.0013317164266481996,
-0.035472381860017776,
0.018434155732393265,
-0.006737178191542625,
0.024402987211942673,
-0.029503243044018745,
-0.058138374239206314,
-0.05043954402208328,
-0.020765526220202446,
0.029036032035946846,
-0.06367600709199905,
0.024029914289712906,
0.0262432973831892,
-0.006037362851202488,
-0.011076544411480427,
-0.0014006864512339234,
-0.018619801849126816,
0.03277004510164261,
0.0028860096354037523,
-0.05694391578435898,
-0.04394163936376572,
0.025414075702428818,
0.08790954202413559,
-0.02499123103916645,
-0.03668315336108208,
0.0062413448467850685,
-0.06646791845560074,
-0.0671444833278656,
0.020564241334795952,
0.04238877445459366,
0.021880215033888817,
-0.04288247600197792,
-0.03437700495123863,
0.06146686151623726,
0.0656372681260109,
-0.0785202905535698,
0.029487011954188347,
0.010798297822475433,
0.06332410126924515,
-0.04508465901017189,
-0.01823394186794758,
-0.027721041813492775,
-0.0036737609189003706,
-0.03659451752901077,
0.054250262677669525,
-0.02085655927658081,
0.015034922398626804,
-0.060095224529504776,
0.016393909230828285,
-0.03323858231306076,
0.01750349812209606,
-0.0005952207720838487,
-0.16348379850387573,
0.08492093533277512,
-0.07583844661712646,
0.0161097701638937,
0.048382941633462906,
-0.007598146330565214,
-0.024985475465655327,
0.05949747934937477,
0.0658901110291481,
-0.03513742983341217,
0.0008843158720992506,
-0.11567969620227814,
0.049390342086553574,
0.03360460326075554,
0.055154237896203995,
0.026383694261312485,
0.053694359958171844,
0.038932498544454575,
0.0004393816343508661,
0.0180604699999094,
-0.09288253635168076,
-0.004073987249284983,
-0.0008234609267674387,
-0.04883106052875519,
-0.006677441764622927,
-0.023541681468486786,
-0.03813307359814644,
0.05245159938931465,
-0.042493823915719986,
-0.055899728089571,
0.08681583404541016,
-0.04896170645952225,
-0.08339672535657883,
-0.0457635223865509,
0.029042238369584084,
0.03465776517987251,
-0.08649188280105591,
0.4062184691429138,
0.03594949096441269,
0.018697189167141914,
0.0979783833026886,
-0.007865204475820065,
0.023714108392596245,
-0.05756505951285362,
-0.06109985336661339,
-0.006620500702410936,
0.007060033269226551,
0.021669859066605568,
-0.024405108764767647,
-0.033514637500047684,
0.00025015627034008503,
0.03170765936374664,
0.04407161846756935,
0.09463243186473846,
-0.035580113530159,
-0.0045343064703047276,
0.043714847415685654,
0.00020504710846580565,
-0.002858717693015933,
-0.024884076789021492,
0.0037606365513056517,
0.014041258953511715,
0.07781578600406647,
-0.1323145031929016,
0.0068764761090278625,
-7.2201250750405e-33,
0.007334581576287746,
0.002726183971390128,
0.012147537432610989,
-0.002440247917547822,
0.027932560071349144,
0.03927065059542656,
0.003743888111785054,
-0.04643532633781433,
-0.014492551796138287,
0.05360198765993118,
0.006590632256120443,
0.03664784133434296,
-0.023135676980018616,
0.03275369852781296,
0.07811082899570465,
0.009627518244087696,
0.007964123040437698,
0.0028742437716573477,
-0.0018807238666340709,
0.004691542126238346,
-0.012402275577187538,
-0.0008041393011808395,
-0.023038707673549652,
0.04297299310564995,
-0.028259985148906708,
-0.06694644689559937,
0.038539037108421326,
-0.07085712999105453,
0.020109260454773903,
0.001460324041545391,
0.0014639950823038816,
0.049912355840206146,
-0.02594558522105217,
0.0008223677286878228,
-0.03757276013493538,
-0.028740663081407547,
0.03337514027953148,
-0.07462829351425171,
-0.035983964800834656,
0.025680823251605034,
-0.050139084458351135,
0.010837196372449398,
-0.04243791848421097,
-0.002668545348569751,
-0.004916265141218901,
0.16647927463054657,
-0.0011541391722857952,
-0.004960660357028246,
-0.06482207775115967,
0.06976216286420822,
-0.0028182310052216053,
-0.02132517658174038,
-0.11613703519105911,
0.04333868995308876,
-0.0033509607892483473,
-0.020106570795178413,
0.016554009169340134,
-0.043971188366413116,
0.020619438961148262,
-0.009089959785342216,
0.009713641367852688,
0.039391469210386276,
-0.012487754225730896,
0.009350251406431198,
-0.08647788316011429,
-0.04851773753762245,
0.02447775937616825,
-0.008494960144162178,
0.023063570261001587,
-0.012638214975595474,
-0.05100997909903526,
0.03675990551710129,
0.03771744668483734,
0.030916057527065277,
-0.028798431158065796,
-0.01926880143582821,
-0.019831717014312744,
0.03583517670631409,
0.08063048869371414,
0.00649732630699873,
0.03545527532696724,
-0.041958946734666824,
0.006693818140774965,
-0.024078864604234695,
0.09502369910478592,
0.054634999483823776,
0.004220988135784864,
-0.05180729925632477,
0.01021517813205719,
-0.041098661720752716,
-0.03574559465050697,
0.06131820008158684,
-0.0030944310128688812,
0.08796171098947525,
0.006000818684697151,
4.4925641867161134e-33,
-0.07716735452413559,
0.01899317093193531,
-0.03573813661932945,
0.0887979194521904,
-0.01755509153008461,
-0.0027626880910247564,
0.037273939698934555,
0.09013677388429642,
-0.09250447154045105,
0.0680299699306488,
0.022390201687812805,
-0.045089662075042725,
0.030878892168402672,
0.044495198875665665,
-0.005799654871225357,
0.03523358702659607,
0.06968843936920166,
-0.004063474480062723,
-0.028155116364359856,
-0.03572935611009598,
-0.030507177114486694,
-0.03237851336598396,
-0.0024998304434120655,
0.034929435700178146,
-0.04148077219724655,
0.030205287039279938,
0.04858911409974098,
0.0632987916469574,
-0.021693143993616104,
0.036800533533096313,
0.03896567225456238,
-0.023581488057971,
-0.05063262954354286,
-0.05820295587182045,
0.04826247692108154,
0.08404397964477539,
0.03678114339709282,
-0.0007768925279378891,
0.024848245084285736,
-0.05051735043525696,
0.039668887853622437,
-0.010082785040140152,
0.002244437113404274,
0.11697717010974884,
-0.021961307153105736,
-0.005805923603475094,
-0.048092879354953766,
0.003788944333791733,
0.035172659903764725,
0.07729728519916534,
-0.09319712221622467,
-0.011992926709353924,
-0.021968109533190727,
0.04129430651664734,
-0.022958293557167053,
0.004160518292337656,
-0.0432187058031559,
0.0702132061123848,
-0.01905948668718338,
0.0004752702370751649,
0.005480603780597448,
0.026761434972286224,
-0.033612821251153946,
0.01346849836409092,
-0.022746674716472626,
0.03873894736170769,
-0.024523282423615456,
-0.03632815554738045,
-0.0017924589337781072,
-0.052569907158613205,
0.006689464673399925,
-0.025846485048532486,
-0.1348353624343872,
0.0011394252069294453,
-0.047169335186481476,
-0.05347497761249542,
-0.018427148461341858,
-0.007304163184016943,
-0.009657083079218864,
-0.037726134061813354,
-0.033999841660261154,
0.01841733604669571,
-0.008003143593668938,
-0.005512353032827377,
-0.03353199362754822,
-0.0201805979013443,
0.021665804088115692,
0.01075822301208973,
-0.05747472122311592,
0.01969684660434723,
-0.007240809965878725,
0.023037107661366463,
0.12023406475782394,
0.0032419958151876926,
0.010150063782930374,
-1.3403668397415913e-8,
-0.046724583953619,
0.04062063992023468,
-0.05561641603708267,
-0.0018853341462090611,
0.056323979049921036,
0.049638908356428146,
-0.04154156893491745,
0.0325038842856884,
0.02574923262000084,
-0.018780937418341637,
0.06920813769102097,
0.02598794549703598,
-0.02782331220805645,
0.05757509544491768,
0.09128093719482422,
-0.01532574463635683,
-0.10472093522548676,
-0.027585938572883606,
-0.016222817823290825,
-0.035399287939071655,
-0.010461363941431046,
-0.013999390415847301,
-0.0002939800324384123,
-0.08362972736358643,
0.007932317443192005,
0.006960071157664061,
-0.04422977939248085,
0.07475824654102325,
0.07440952211618423,
-0.04058071970939636,
-0.0018266832921653986,
0.01985001191496849,
0.014382191933691502,
0.020585300400853157,
0.02213379554450512,
-0.06437048316001892,
-0.06369856745004654,
0.01613914780318737,
0.009907381609082222,
-0.0055595203302800655,
-0.05467313155531883,
-0.0233115516602993,
0.07046928256750107,
0.006468005012720823,
-0.047700025141239166,
-0.0036470729392021894,
0.007837599143385887,
-0.004974569659680128,
-0.01241857185959816,
-0.07781214267015457,
-0.0009409073390997946,
-0.008002524264156818,
0.006034235469996929,
0.08434933423995972,
0.10730371624231339,
0.011427774094045162,
0.013366665691137314,
-0.012747352942824364,
0.061454374343156815,
0.03564131259918213,
0.1587459295988083,
0.12640950083732605,
0.04654904082417488,
-0.015717294067144394
] | {
"pdf_file": "JJL4WAJY5A3L4SVYJHLWTYK7OA4IFJ5A.pdf",
"text": " "
} |
[
0.016988571733236313,
-0.04776138439774513,
0.02791646681725979,
0.00901818834245205,
-0.0067143975757062435,
0.02192881517112255,
-0.09789624065160751,
-0.00030385726131498814,
-0.09340988099575043,
0.04893333092331886,
0.12116418033838272,
-0.0159793421626091,
0.020433539524674416,
-0.011757521890103817,
-0.05007855221629143,
0.05700599402189255,
0.056852396577596664,
0.00024103951000142843,
-0.019314950332045555,
-0.04296442121267319,
0.07181572914123535,
0.05848245322704315,
-0.04064975678920746,
-0.024788331240415573,
-0.045012105256319046,
0.10388289391994476,
-0.000146842299727723,
0.018360476940870285,
0.002290246309712529,
-0.04961788281798363,
-0.01449677161872387,
0.01716555655002594,
-0.025878846645355225,
0.011151026003062725,
0.11805766075849533,
-0.00884277280420065,
0.013537295162677765,
0.041759755462408066,
0.09761810302734375,
0.02260589972138405,
0.05426737293601036,
-0.02065729722380638,
0.02093607559800148,
-0.00029249745421111584,
-0.029613111168146133,
0.0023876798804849386,
-0.024793924763798714,
-0.050942882895469666,
0.05655425786972046,
-0.0170556902885437,
0.09505148231983185,
0.002749969018623233,
-0.007124587893486023,
0.06849149614572525,
-0.036598678678274155,
-0.046867504715919495,
-0.07788943499326706,
0.033467650413513184,
0.003841426922008395,
-0.007538102567195892,
0.023228943347930908,
0.03317611292004585,
-0.0975826233625412,
-0.02151915244758129,
-0.07013078778982162,
-0.026268955320119858,
-0.03992944210767746,
-0.06296996027231216,
0.0687994509935379,
-0.0483262874186039,
0.058061759918928146,
-0.020849483087658882,
-0.013996034860610962,
-0.04546620696783066,
0.021300846710801125,
0.0693545714020729,
0.014772456139326096,
0.013609369285404682,
0.014507388696074486,
-0.13441911339759827,
-0.06658361107110977,
-0.03643009811639786,
0.03086252510547638,
0.01751372218132019,
-0.014241817407310009,
-0.01061283890157938,
-0.036496780812740326,
0.02431548573076725,
0.07506430149078369,
-0.031751640141010284,
0.034596484154462814,
0.06407369673252106,
-0.06331424415111542,
-0.016089657321572304,
-0.0442626029253006,
0.03631676360964775,
-0.06924812495708466,
0.008436600677669048,
-0.01311787124723196,
0.1052393987774849,
0.009244357235729694,
0.013128730468451977,
-0.0820443257689476,
-0.0061551243998110294,
0.029647987335920334,
0.002539263339713216,
0.0660988986492157,
0.08939462155103683,
-0.05154985561966896,
0.0730966106057167,
0.05134214460849762,
-0.07330143451690674,
0.049811944365501404,
-0.03318961337208748,
-0.0016098727937787771,
0.038877058774232864,
0.03269992023706436,
0.006548314355313778,
0.027723107486963272,
0.01916777901351452,
-0.031659409403800964,
0.01663421466946602,
-0.036422666162252426,
0.0023172590881586075,
0.02344139851629734,
0.003033901797607541,
0.07578842341899872,
1.0109554106867009e-32,
0.018192483112215996,
-0.007750080898404121,
-0.006892135366797447,
0.00031308858888223767,
0.034136898815631866,
-0.040629059076309204,
0.03456837311387062,
-0.036526765674352646,
0.039314355701208115,
0.01122032105922699,
-0.016368569806218147,
-0.020340079441666603,
0.0005793747841380537,
-0.09916006028652191,
-0.04301320016384125,
-0.03923099860548973,
0.05622750520706177,
0.005346661899238825,
-0.0570504330098629,
0.050667405128479004,
0.0456136129796505,
-0.07529930025339127,
-0.04217112809419632,
-0.011870430782437325,
-0.01574776880443096,
0.07044634222984314,
-0.03936263173818588,
0.04637770727276802,
0.04370212182402611,
0.035688649863004684,
0.07068637013435364,
0.08877722918987274,
0.007727683987468481,
0.055848557502031326,
0.0007145498530007899,
0.035071540623903275,
0.00985927414149046,
-0.042994119226932526,
-0.04554745554924011,
-0.0700056403875351,
-0.020986070856451988,
-0.030864637345075607,
-0.003562869504094124,
-0.009123135358095169,
-0.0059640612453222275,
-0.02187185175716877,
0.024412404745817184,
0.018373500555753708,
0.08453960716724396,
-0.007390744052827358,
-0.029223602265119553,
0.04059638828039169,
-0.0873161107301712,
0.014424026012420654,
-0.01619132235646248,
-0.013870558701455593,
-0.034304458647966385,
0.05665134638547897,
0.05812583118677139,
0.015439020469784737,
0.048889659345149994,
0.07087204605340958,
-0.02670731209218502,
-0.003251228481531143,
0.021388936787843704,
-0.1695501059293747,
-0.059764549136161804,
0.01793857477605343,
0.0071432399563491344,
-0.05977948009967804,
0.0499115064740181,
-0.025329051539301872,
0.06832172721624374,
0.04841948300600052,
0.05547834187746048,
-0.02576378919184208,
-0.010551465675234795,
0.02272535115480423,
0.014518431387841702,
-0.012732746079564095,
-0.09600316733121872,
-0.05192806199193001,
-0.03560136258602142,
0.005660276394337416,
0.10543037950992584,
-0.09234783053398132,
0.027831537649035454,
-0.04330449923872948,
-0.023084983229637146,
0.032540980726480484,
-0.024127595126628876,
0.06619948893785477,
-0.09869397431612015,
0.009953594766557217,
-0.06725609302520752,
-8.524757031192217e-33,
-0.02280597575008869,
0.14968466758728027,
-0.03241283446550369,
-0.035115841776132584,
-0.005641577299684286,
0.00003752516568056308,
0.029851878061890602,
0.0026214937679469585,
0.059103645384311676,
0.008422356098890305,
-0.028714874759316444,
-0.02454761415719986,
0.04219420999288559,
0.015843678265810013,
-0.02161475457251072,
-0.006274078972637653,
0.037692394107580185,
-0.010154707357287407,
-0.003890842432156205,
0.015423993580043316,
-0.08963117003440857,
0.0478491336107254,
-0.13383743166923523,
0.01029171422123909,
-0.002033113269135356,
0.06404100358486176,
-0.04827626049518585,
0.01923045702278614,
-0.07757244259119034,
0.09652222692966461,
-0.022690875455737114,
-0.07041112333536148,
-0.025535395368933678,
0.09049002826213837,
-0.07391848415136337,
-0.03167058527469635,
0.06891309469938278,
0.048959989100694656,
-0.03675968945026398,
-0.048369452357292175,
0.06433103233575821,
-0.025290334597229958,
0.08551464229822159,
0.04770305007696152,
-0.038472335785627365,
-0.010671856813132763,
0.08262322843074799,
-0.03917796537280083,
-0.05041687190532684,
-0.0022320416755974293,
-0.010090624913573265,
0.10590823739767075,
-0.011400455608963966,
0.06531425565481186,
0.08346306532621384,
0.08173985779285431,
0.08163639903068542,
0.016569066792726517,
-0.07210978865623474,
-0.014614304527640343,
0.08855845779180527,
0.0703001469373703,
-0.06729026138782501,
0.008548114448785782,
0.0773644670844078,
-0.052723128348588943,
-0.038191307336091995,
-0.13559401035308838,
0.029521942138671875,
-0.016417047008872032,
-0.0255875401198864,
-0.0008119284175336361,
-0.03695923462510109,
-0.1076134666800499,
0.02921956591308117,
-0.02776344120502472,
0.09370765089988708,
0.046216465532779694,
-0.030307216569781303,
0.022044576704502106,
-0.05057098716497421,
-0.015564018860459328,
-0.08594056218862534,
0.005884717218577862,
-0.025727929547429085,
0.016131727024912834,
0.037260208278894424,
-0.025170376524329185,
0.021071448922157288,
0.02861468866467476,
-0.05745904892683029,
0.0424913614988327,
-0.07665076106786728,
0.04071849212050438,
-0.06384114921092987,
-6.356998483170173e-8,
0.054085537791252136,
0.015966162085533142,
-0.038461774587631226,
-0.037570349872112274,
0.07731384038925171,
0.03450369834899902,
0.07008817046880722,
0.015148092992603779,
-0.06525196880102158,
0.07880619168281555,
0.1508522778749466,
-0.019971298053860664,
-0.0460333414375782,
-0.03093421645462513,
0.03218412771821022,
-0.06866364181041718,
0.03348187729716301,
0.003313367487862706,
-0.07633940875530243,
-0.04816775396466255,
-0.10207071155309677,
0.0016121745575219393,
-0.05383218079805374,
0.01703377440571785,
-0.003860154189169407,
0.0028337007388472557,
-0.015108560211956501,
0.043207649141550064,
-0.02407081052660942,
0.08416697382926941,
-0.021541666239500046,
0.02961134724318981,
0.021842695772647858,
-0.03807548061013222,
0.030684946104884148,
0.02375906892120838,
-0.07823256403207779,
0.04809626564383507,
0.023324601352214813,
0.06282073259353638,
0.0299873985350132,
0.03752272576093674,
0.0278767179697752,
0.04950135946273804,
0.09517079591751099,
0.02608405612409115,
-0.02134322188794613,
-0.05381253361701965,
0.08617262542247772,
-0.09234718978404999,
-0.08408107608556747,
-0.12859025597572327,
-0.0008735446608625352,
-0.0294248815625906,
-0.008313208818435669,
0.038175079971551895,
-0.010212833993136883,
-0.07534562051296234,
-0.04810737073421478,
0.005429889541119337,
0.046188220381736755,
-0.013901815749704838,
-0.0628199502825737,
0.008022361434996128
] | {
"pdf_file": "WSP5DEW3S4BVQYFWKEFDC3HDLMRK3UT2.pdf",
"text": "District 3 Encroachment Perm its Pending at Central Office\nCounty Permit Number Route Encroachment Type Milepoint Status Status Date\n03-0011-09 - NA CO AT CENTRAL 1/26/2009\nBarren 03-0038-09 KY-90 NA 8.74 CO AT CENTRAL 3/17/2009\nButler 03-0075-09 US-231 OVERHEAD 0.1 CO AT CENTRAL 5/6/2009Logan 03-0004-08 US-431X SIDEWALK 0.2 CO AT CENTRAL 1/9/2008Simpson 03-0337-08 KY-1008 COMMERCIAL 6.4 CO AT CENTRAL 11/7/2008Warren 03-0285-07 KY-880 TRAFFIC SIG 5.7 CO AT CENTRAL 8/6/2007Warren 03-0285-08 KY-880 UNDERGROUND 0.1 CO AT CENTRAL 12/23/2008\nWarren 03-0381-08 US-31W SCHOOL 18.7 CO AT CENTRAL 1/6/2009\nWarren 03-0387-07 KY-880 TRAFFIC SIG 6.4 CO AT CENTRAL 10/18/2007\nThursday, May 07, 2009 Page 1 of 1"
} |
[
0.005618816241621971,
-0.03757816553115845,
0.026132509112358093,
0.017922107130289078,
-0.015668679028749466,
-0.03679865226149559,
-0.044589292258024216,
0.08908922225236893,
-0.06389465928077698,
-0.018553880974650383,
-0.0012220804346725345,
-0.021288493648171425,
-0.016961844637989998,
0.06699158996343613,
-0.10055067390203476,
-0.023886460810899734,
0.0320553332567215,
-0.1077832505106926,
-0.022824857383966446,
0.0009448168566450477,
0.03965739160776138,
0.013275066390633583,
0.0339074432849884,
-0.03754584491252899,
0.008252948522567749,
-0.01267470233142376,
0.00905538722872734,
0.004022971261292696,
0.004956964869052172,
0.01076863706111908,
-0.10370330512523651,
0.11318179965019226,
-0.028184980154037476,
0.025604085996747017,
0.004111728630959988,
-0.002256251173093915,
0.020262083038687706,
-0.01011649053543806,
0.048982322216033936,
0.019681403413414955,
-0.053212832659482956,
-0.07166141271591187,
0.0760982558131218,
0.08753494173288345,
-0.050152793526649475,
-0.019184883683919907,
-0.08369650691747665,
0.04586384817957878,
-0.023238224908709526,
0.15221050381660461,
-0.05680268630385399,
0.06957196444272995,
0.008622439578175545,
-0.02039024792611599,
0.030009904876351357,
0.02341429889202118,
0.01667851209640503,
-0.007567101623862982,
-0.05328972265124321,
0.01808309182524681,
-0.0774935781955719,
0.03249969333410263,
-0.022600093856453896,
0.009504560381174088,
-0.010103415697813034,
-0.0029586527962237597,
-0.026967566460371017,
0.0053685689345002174,
-0.0293857641518116,
-0.07008884102106094,
0.002921830862760544,
-0.023218750953674316,
-0.03913848102092743,
0.09944835305213928,
0.03420346975326538,
-0.06266122311353683,
0.060039181262254715,
0.038937587291002274,
0.035637639462947845,
-0.08631394803524017,
-0.04103192314505577,
0.02295578457415104,
-0.02628225088119507,
-0.11102961748838425,
0.007329857442528009,
-0.04041173309087753,
0.044370245188474655,
0.029346812516450882,
-0.0037994910962879658,
0.05673391371965408,
0.05817965045571327,
-0.0657130628824234,
0.07932285964488983,
0.022855708375573158,
0.009072449989616871,
0.05178077146410942,
-0.03619585558772087,
0.08818948268890381,
0.018065398558974266,
0.01683036796748638,
0.09743380546569824,
0.049985673278570175,
-0.029525719583034515,
0.005933563224971294,
-0.09067792445421219,
0.07679121941328049,
-0.014041614718735218,
0.0013347542844712734,
0.019262924790382385,
-0.03410089388489723,
0.006604394875466824,
0.03682057559490204,
-0.07112032920122147,
-0.0666763186454773,
-0.09943699836730957,
-0.06377433985471725,
-0.043178021907806396,
-0.04481103643774986,
0.015729870647192,
-0.09492252767086029,
0.003788902424275875,
-0.01890973560512066,
-0.020462969318032265,
-0.07147448509931564,
-0.060505595058202744,
0.011595772579312325,
0.0013538835337385535,
6.321168708985033e-33,
-0.04858368635177612,
-0.10906382650136948,
0.027536051347851753,
0.001282977988012135,
-0.04832710325717926,
0.041014522314071655,
-0.062286220490932465,
0.04936366528272629,
0.013614884577691555,
-0.009232538752257824,
-0.11472815275192261,
0.10027378797531128,
-0.04687630012631416,
-0.011535164900124073,
0.037578001618385315,
-0.0340363048017025,
0.0064864191226661205,
0.06228141114115715,
-0.06698841601610184,
-0.014418845064938068,
0.07908850908279419,
-0.03285839781165123,
0.05389363318681717,
-0.047210872173309326,
0.13329322636127472,
-0.012236766517162323,
-0.06224910914897919,
0.006725831888616085,
-0.04717954993247986,
0.024149131029844284,
-0.01686624065041542,
-0.0065965810790658,
0.005801132880151272,
-0.019912278279662132,
-0.006848781369626522,
0.0036071056965738535,
-0.02067320980131626,
-0.04700266197323799,
-0.06596209108829498,
-0.08540176600217819,
-0.020069463178515434,
0.038694776594638824,
-0.0034835946280509233,
0.041984185576438904,
-0.07016946375370026,
0.025165317580103874,
0.010659615509212017,
0.024486815556883812,
0.03690410405397415,
0.04969191923737526,
-0.02354593016207218,
-0.011262912303209305,
-0.029919201508164406,
-0.042950209230184555,
0.04921583831310272,
0.04559699445962906,
0.029837045818567276,
0.007879374548792839,
-0.0031051714904606342,
0.0026251813396811485,
-0.07468550652265549,
0.04942672699689865,
0.0751374214887619,
-0.01215631514787674,
0.023547645658254623,
0.07234159857034683,
0.06597745418548584,
-0.00745246559381485,
-0.033751264214515686,
-0.004120097495615482,
-0.0483439601957798,
0.066401407122612,
-0.02168901637196541,
0.10303651541471481,
0.0024630532134324312,
0.04920817166566849,
0.1260930746793747,
-0.010784038342535496,
0.03269760683178902,
-0.03696252405643463,
-0.1616961508989334,
0.0561559684574604,
0.0257013700902462,
0.0041000558994710445,
-0.07825987786054611,
0.07087110728025436,
0.04739532247185707,
-0.01632985845208168,
0.08491378277540207,
0.02947559766471386,
-0.08841001242399216,
0.01461236272007227,
-0.05746810883283615,
0.029734281823039055,
0.03207598626613617,
-8.874299092616855e-33,
-0.04477199167013168,
0.10064516216516495,
-0.04697492718696594,
-0.06409954279661179,
0.04476630315184593,
-0.005859680473804474,
0.07169130444526672,
0.033648110926151276,
0.015029004774987698,
-0.019031917676329613,
-0.056747082620859146,
-0.027795471251010895,
0.062031183391809464,
0.06242677941918373,
0.04223012179136276,
-0.008445968851447105,
0.03727024421095848,
0.009423629380762577,
-0.10010873526334763,
-0.009453012607991695,
0.034861061722040176,
0.04796230420470238,
-0.029179884120821953,
0.036464545875787735,
-0.012230342254042625,
-0.0023818297777324915,
-0.028829600661993027,
-0.08112569898366928,
-0.047744810581207275,
-0.10983884334564209,
0.0896543562412262,
-0.009021621197462082,
-0.02065502293407917,
0.04714304953813553,
-0.12444089353084564,
-0.05611604452133179,
0.08819921314716339,
0.0160965695977211,
-0.01044891495257616,
0.028918368741869926,
0.011606423184275627,
0.02907775714993477,
-0.03775746002793312,
0.06222528591752052,
-0.13316170871257782,
-0.003993364982306957,
0.017327962443232536,
-0.0764690414071083,
0.007131103426218033,
-0.09018689393997192,
-0.07404240220785141,
0.01449009869247675,
-0.005769707262516022,
-0.012867138721048832,
-0.01590706594288349,
0.014188936911523342,
0.08055183291435242,
-0.05785201117396355,
0.01325470581650734,
-0.042680591344833374,
0.011465663090348244,
0.05622473359107971,
-0.008384966291487217,
0.021087119355797768,
-0.007527242414653301,
-0.052298929542303085,
0.03858380764722824,
-0.07021345943212509,
-0.020340533927083015,
-0.02777310274541378,
0.026260090991854668,
-0.012413907796144485,
-0.07112229615449905,
0.03089115582406521,
0.024901900440454483,
0.023710913956165314,
-0.05715484172105789,
-0.059153106063604355,
-0.01336060930043459,
0.03871000185608864,
0.07500191032886505,
-0.04182976111769676,
0.011978741735219955,
0.04585517197847366,
-0.07017596811056137,
0.010910715907812119,
0.05436614900827408,
-0.06299185752868652,
0.03870168328285217,
0.02325068600475788,
-0.08480355888605118,
0.013682556338608265,
-0.13915258646011353,
-0.057527393102645874,
-0.004935663193464279,
-4.324428104496292e-8,
0.01760970428586006,
-0.013821595348417759,
-0.035038094967603683,
0.08651770651340485,
-0.07614247500896454,
0.01452649850398302,
-0.046017903834581375,
0.10299815982580185,
-0.04185428097844124,
0.04762735962867737,
-0.01656908541917801,
-0.06294973939657211,
-0.09006169438362122,
-0.06151815131306648,
0.0015489560319110751,
-0.007044461090117693,
-0.025002112612128258,
0.12379526346921921,
-0.04430419206619263,
-0.06657630950212479,
0.01082204282283783,
0.061507534235715866,
-0.0006534277927130461,
0.010749127715826035,
-0.03332562372088432,
0.02110322006046772,
-0.020209934562444687,
0.06483205407857895,
0.05141704902052879,
-0.013154715299606323,
0.04525783658027649,
0.053846925497055054,
-0.035536233335733414,
-0.04297541081905365,
0.03173302859067917,
-0.006309868767857552,
0.014856885187327862,
0.048423103988170624,
-0.01564794033765793,
0.05656830221414566,
-0.04946412518620491,
0.026007624343037605,
-0.03758795186877251,
0.05598727613687515,
0.04330199211835861,
0.01704619638621807,
-0.10172856599092484,
0.03297242894768715,
-0.0298142209649086,
-0.02595539577305317,
0.03869063779711723,
-0.07642707228660583,
0.029987238347530365,
0.041337255388498306,
0.062404219061136246,
0.0958327203989029,
-0.02705993875861168,
-0.03120691329240799,
0.02853207476437092,
0.013338918797671795,
-0.008741025812923908,
-0.014903158880770206,
0.02925068698823452,
0.05768435075879097
] | {
"pdf_file": "DQSGXNBZHHZWC6653JA34RT56TTUZ6W5.pdf",
"text": "Summary US vs. Foreign by Program and Vessel Type\nfor11/20/2007 12:16:51 PM\n10/1/2002 9/30/2003 throughBULK/TUG/BARGE\nProgTotal \nMetric TonsUS \nMetric TonsForeign \nMetric Tons %US %FR /Country Total OFR US OFR Foreign OFR %US %FR\n1"
} |
[
-0.0014283038908615708,
-0.0018748746952041984,
-0.021321548148989677,
-0.05109807103872299,
-0.012937021441757679,
0.04290274903178215,
-0.09392543882131577,
0.005903739016503096,
-0.0751098245382309,
0.020005811005830765,
-0.009574954397976398,
-0.009036521427333355,
-0.06253243237733841,
-0.021961228922009468,
-0.029387341812253,
0.07709695398807526,
0.08877836167812347,
-0.028621653094887733,
0.043061766773462296,
-0.05831388384103775,
0.0211360901594162,
-0.05833316594362259,
0.03749343752861023,
-0.08360204845666885,
-0.01634666509926319,
0.015739573165774345,
-0.03882796689867973,
-0.04277282580733299,
-0.024032412096858025,
0.010815413668751717,
0.004625543486326933,
0.03913748264312744,
-0.003016849048435688,
0.01869330182671547,
0.09207473695278168,
0.06730951368808746,
0.0512833371758461,
0.06439318507909775,
0.07601013034582138,
0.05381504073739052,
0.02349015697836876,
0.014671261422336102,
-0.06290272623300552,
0.0473933070898056,
-0.05081963166594505,
-0.05520770698785782,
-0.026120709255337715,
0.024902628734707832,
0.006710230838507414,
0.008107485249638557,
-0.06448134034872055,
-0.06001812219619751,
0.023656945675611496,
0.04660296440124512,
0.012861032038927078,
0.054063595831394196,
0.016506683081388474,
0.057855378836393356,
-0.008127742446959019,
0.03917233273386955,
-0.004084174986928701,
-0.04768030345439911,
0.04626163840293884,
0.012357989326119423,
0.01648779772222042,
-0.07731368392705917,
0.00852961465716362,
0.0023033139295876026,
0.043708838522434235,
-0.0427933968603611,
-0.009028814733028412,
0.06906571984291077,
-0.10900425910949707,
0.010566399432718754,
-0.04974985867738724,
0.04691674932837486,
0.059467729181051254,
0.04681510478258133,
0.14754964411258698,
-0.04945090785622597,
-0.031320635229349136,
-0.03904005140066147,
-0.06491569429636002,
-0.004669359885156155,
-0.02863447554409504,
-0.07146555185317993,
-0.02165817841887474,
0.029634777456521988,
0.03850727528333664,
0.05794830620288849,
0.09620212763547897,
-0.020209601148962975,
-0.10981570929288864,
-0.03102010488510132,
-0.04062412306666374,
-0.014968222007155418,
0.024647288024425507,
0.06291977316141129,
0.03474092110991478,
0.04160571098327637,
0.02670244313776493,
-0.10095382481813431,
0.03746630996465683,
0.0455285906791687,
-0.04365447908639908,
-0.03837653994560242,
0.053446214646101,
-0.06122010573744774,
-0.05601239576935768,
-0.016917169094085693,
0.05691000074148178,
-0.00007532422750955448,
0.04787478968501091,
0.00810070801526308,
0.03842180222272873,
0.08030064404010773,
0.028859462589025497,
0.09660787135362625,
0.01678355038166046,
-0.0016282047145068645,
0.007762821391224861,
0.1082935556769371,
-0.09424781054258347,
-0.04204315319657326,
-0.10502517223358154,
-0.02072392776608467,
-0.04556117206811905,
3.87195900546361e-33,
0.04595539718866348,
-0.014835393987596035,
-0.03998448699712753,
0.01909175142645836,
0.028272967785596848,
-0.005231369286775589,
0.029467985033988953,
0.10624716430902481,
-0.03685484826564789,
-0.005327160935848951,
-0.055764369666576385,
-0.02424115687608719,
0.00250603468157351,
-0.07770103216171265,
-0.03186819329857826,
0.04180755838751793,
-0.030956359580159187,
-0.022768408060073853,
-0.03744414821267128,
-0.012060408480465412,
0.005256775766611099,
-0.1270674616098404,
-0.04763815924525261,
0.06626418232917786,
-0.031199775636196136,
-0.00888106320053339,
0.09305174648761749,
-0.05491314455866814,
0.048721130937337875,
0.01756412163376808,
0.09203361719846725,
0.020202970132231712,
-0.08005735278129578,
0.03754859417676926,
0.03896207734942436,
0.05407753959298134,
0.05608564615249634,
0.0375564843416214,
0.07542929798364639,
-0.089726023375988,
-0.05840323865413666,
0.034966252744197845,
0.08128107339143753,
-0.04856958985328674,
-0.03850821033120155,
-0.002082299441099167,
0.003508823923766613,
-0.03765742480754852,
0.11060696840286255,
0.04229074716567993,
-0.04518317058682442,
-0.013836006633937359,
0.017154371365904808,
-0.0220461618155241,
-0.052188895642757416,
0.12784628570079803,
0.009970440529286861,
0.045638322830200195,
-0.024867376312613487,
0.02545269951224327,
-0.060788750648498535,
0.10471979528665543,
-0.027254000306129456,
0.03111841529607773,
-0.03718192130327225,
-0.050293318927288055,
-0.06615612655878067,
-0.054397404193878174,
0.16148632764816284,
-0.05005626007914543,
-0.04052979499101639,
0.08286453783512115,
-0.003335488261654973,
0.007878229953348637,
-0.06821958720684052,
-0.05951888859272003,
0.018794501200318336,
-0.059095028787851334,
-0.03263948857784271,
0.008906037546694279,
0.04147728160023689,
0.012475011870265007,
0.014115216210484505,
0.0415225587785244,
0.05389539897441864,
-0.10917998105287552,
-0.016049185767769814,
-0.009423209354281425,
0.011709022335708141,
0.007775857113301754,
0.008184264414012432,
-0.040719836950302124,
-0.0027775391936302185,
0.03630118817090988,
-0.012189485132694244,
-5.2964770590617986e-33,
0.0051477281376719475,
-0.11452833563089371,
-0.0008676330908201635,
-0.032832637429237366,
-0.02592904306948185,
0.057600609958171844,
-0.03819834440946579,
0.017136231064796448,
-0.04272913560271263,
-0.00680801086127758,
-0.039445433765649796,
0.055062610656023026,
0.015148273669183254,
0.041559599339962006,
-0.06439623236656189,
0.008832867257297039,
-0.1062549576163292,
0.024940216913819313,
0.010612607933580875,
-0.005290367640554905,
0.16009512543678284,
0.06438184529542923,
0.008653837256133556,
0.11312225461006165,
-0.04045133665204048,
-0.057881493121385574,
0.0914856493473053,
-0.04146583005785942,
-0.0788743793964386,
0.09397490322589874,
0.02468685992062092,
-0.03914036229252815,
-0.1095714420080185,
0.01041774544864893,
-0.03088243305683136,
-0.09456437081098557,
0.04789045453071594,
0.036705631762742996,
-0.00550448801368475,
0.05465955659747124,
0.047624245285987854,
-0.03972625732421875,
0.004429524298757315,
-0.03725937008857727,
-0.013107748702168465,
0.003375059925019741,
0.03306811302900314,
0.02352037839591503,
-0.00048643143964000046,
-0.03794247657060623,
-0.11150054633617401,
-0.0007535633048973978,
-0.05790485441684723,
-0.012447166256606579,
0.05097656697034836,
-0.07855702191591263,
0.0012021925067529082,
-0.0654662698507309,
-0.04742592200636864,
-0.0023836211767047644,
0.0556068979203701,
0.04615648090839386,
-0.004799569025635719,
-0.07420399785041809,
-0.008718779310584068,
-0.004386655054986477,
-0.1056327372789383,
-0.04776359349489212,
-0.010264964774250984,
0.029330972582101822,
0.0025425516068935394,
-0.037618570029735565,
0.018471624702215195,
-0.007151852827519178,
-0.00696330051869154,
0.035754166543483734,
0.03761275112628937,
0.01744512841105461,
-0.06257807463407516,
-0.00492461072281003,
0.06418538093566895,
-0.0263365525752306,
0.007025847677141428,
0.04609013348817825,
0.021337181329727173,
0.034395430237054825,
0.04653411731123924,
0.004968875087797642,
0.0018834281945601106,
0.04882258176803589,
-0.00784169603139162,
0.043730057775974274,
0.020311454311013222,
-0.0008499501855112612,
-0.04503577947616577,
-3.965129735661321e-8,
0.04154633730649948,
0.007083615753799677,
0.050594430416822433,
0.05987943708896637,
-0.034177158027887344,
-0.10328619182109833,
0.004341257736086845,
-0.04661432281136513,
0.05906159430742264,
-0.050986409187316895,
0.02016056329011917,
-0.06847864389419556,
0.04174405708909035,
-0.045652132481336594,
0.03573635220527649,
0.047404929995536804,
0.009859533980488777,
-0.002984703751280904,
-0.020000619813799858,
0.03864129260182381,
-0.05377708002924919,
-0.026815781369805336,
-0.01845637708902359,
0.09091223776340485,
0.02653215080499649,
-0.0420091338455677,
-0.0034577948972582817,
-0.010290510021150112,
0.045528311282396317,
0.040509581565856934,
-0.06077871099114418,
0.0720786452293396,
0.04274136573076248,
-0.030840542167425156,
-0.02803245186805725,
-0.019536403939127922,
-0.10771697014570236,
-0.025965578854084015,
-0.0015573593555018306,
0.00737353740260005,
-0.06373152136802673,
-0.08691901713609695,
0.054164428263902664,
-0.046323373913764954,
0.05507337301969528,
0.0075114150531589985,
-0.03362384811043739,
0.050698645412921906,
0.10550432652235031,
0.020907307043671608,
-0.07509806007146835,
-0.04219973832368851,
-0.014930411241948605,
-0.06683479249477386,
0.044115565717220306,
0.12675735354423523,
0.024360597133636475,
0.013174658641219139,
-0.04300254210829735,
-0.04645632952451706,
0.04719163477420807,
-0.01543392799794674,
-0.05806539207696915,
-0.0036906825844198465
] | {
"pdf_file": "2KQDEYIMQDVT2DUARRCJV5HEUYY2HO7H.pdf",
"text": "Revised January 10, 2014 \n \nJUDICIAL INTERN HIRING INFORMATION \nLorna G. Schofield , United States District Judge \n \nChambers Contact Information : \nUnited States District Court \nSouthern District of New York \n40 Centre Street, Room 20 1 \nNew York, NY 10007 \n(212) 805 -0288 \n \nPositions : Judge Schofield hires first - and second -year law students as interns during the school \nyear and for summer employment . During the school year, interns must be available for a \nsemester at least 20 hours a week. During the summer, interns must be available to work full \ntime for at least eight weeks. \nApplications : Applications should include a resume, transcript and writi ng sample. First-year \nstudents should not apply until they have received grades from all of their first semester classes. "
} |
[
-0.10924886912107468,
0.02503877319395542,
-0.009402894414961338,
0.022033000364899635,
0.010630404576659203,
0.005786140915006399,
0.0003224821703042835,
0.016828639432787895,
0.006046633701771498,
0.007658702787011862,
0.0956600159406662,
-0.013504170812666416,
-0.046948354691267014,
-0.010082664899528027,
-0.05311627686023712,
0.07493924349546432,
0.027522219344973564,
-0.037908557802438736,
0.009446978569030762,
-0.0015254216268658638,
0.039332516491413116,
0.12484190613031387,
-0.06810073554515839,
-0.025107350200414658,
-0.024076174944639206,
0.029524430632591248,
-0.12972833216190338,
0.007786815986037254,
-0.015363306738436222,
-0.06057504191994667,
-0.01105859037488699,
0.06763070076704025,
0.03648078069090843,
-0.010199197567999363,
0.09973926097154617,
0.04760626330971718,
-0.001904755481518805,
0.028083164244890213,
0.030601974576711655,
0.04228493571281433,
-0.015354380942881107,
0.006866248324513435,
0.06358800828456879,
-0.014245063997805119,
-0.014082063920795918,
-0.023185251280665398,
-0.052788641303777695,
0.029130350798368454,
-0.008204109966754913,
0.004556415602564812,
-0.03836321458220482,
0.06494968384504318,
-0.004269000142812729,
0.05715683102607727,
-0.017892861738801003,
-0.026377873495221138,
-0.0029895741026848555,
-0.05193929746747017,
-0.042848944664001465,
-0.07327313721179962,
-0.016757210716605186,
0.037010133266448975,
0.02059158682823181,
-0.056264158338308334,
-0.04553123190999031,
0.0013807557988911867,
-0.026225989684462547,
-0.014974531717598438,
0.05426670238375664,
0.002144871512427926,
-0.006805882789194584,
-0.0028362085577100515,
-0.09866389632225037,
0.07211485505104065,
-0.02232327125966549,
0.11584016680717468,
0.00945838913321495,
0.02529957704246044,
0.04802938923239708,
-0.1178058311343193,
-0.017236463725566864,
-0.07902588695287704,
-0.022819045931100845,
0.017872033640742302,
0.009726307354867458,
-0.012817858718335629,
-0.0329226590692997,
-0.03092937171459198,
0.033090200275182724,
0.02151239849627018,
0.10302915424108505,
-0.028745334595441818,
0.0546281598508358,
0.03172914683818817,
-0.04908492788672447,
-0.048934951424598694,
-0.02998107299208641,
0.02317606844007969,
0.010956890881061554,
0.12696151435375214,
0.018852487206459045,
0.020298704504966736,
-0.0684867799282074,
-0.03195427358150482,
-0.012476330623030663,
-0.01596587896347046,
0.028289109468460083,
0.043352264910936356,
-0.06134546920657158,
-0.012737317942082882,
-0.006656513083726168,
0.011414118111133575,
0.03627486899495125,
-0.06689943373203278,
-0.033522024750709534,
0.021667083725333214,
-0.04451039806008339,
0.048672016710042953,
0.031001055613160133,
-0.019590578973293304,
0.04813915863633156,
0.007649840787053108,
-0.10780461132526398,
0.010803149081766605,
-0.020675530657172203,
0.0030820092651993036,
0.02817757986485958,
1.0337494951118928e-32,
0.056451935321092606,
-0.006000876426696777,
-0.0162979643791914,
-0.011411654762923717,
0.03808101266622543,
0.012981179170310497,
-0.03912458196282387,
-0.005169186741113663,
-0.00440390408039093,
-0.013148394413292408,
-0.0702379122376442,
-0.0013415033463388681,
0.06729087233543396,
-0.09795131534337997,
-0.08868871629238129,
-0.00276942178606987,
0.04872231185436249,
0.002204428892582655,
-0.006817263085395098,
-0.03368072956800461,
0.026642370969057083,
-0.06756511330604553,
-0.04907245188951492,
0.04820990934967995,
0.009847208857536316,
0.08092070370912552,
-0.019778357818722725,
-0.012171830981969833,
0.014647533185780048,
0.027806943282485008,
0.00614934554323554,
0.061060111969709396,
0.02908492647111416,
0.027901696041226387,
0.10991494357585907,
0.00867860484868288,
-0.01328649464994669,
-0.024118589237332344,
-0.039533719420433044,
-0.011485202237963676,
0.016805829480290413,
0.019586844369769096,
-0.050515469163656235,
-0.036706775426864624,
0.036779213696718216,
-0.06402381509542465,
-0.018509268760681152,
0.03339722007513046,
-0.024299053475260735,
0.007348842918872833,
-0.017655067145824432,
0.005181096959859133,
-0.00211027218028903,
0.03514648973941803,
-0.07923317700624466,
-0.024295717477798462,
-0.030883289873600006,
0.05178002268075943,
0.03602389991283417,
0.06819593906402588,
0.049308668822050095,
0.0801425352692604,
-0.034350935369729996,
-0.056427981704473495,
-0.0820782408118248,
-0.07999955117702484,
-0.0010234024375677109,
-0.008780615404248238,
0.023841314017772675,
-0.05742551386356354,
0.049046263098716736,
0.04020006209611893,
0.09797154366970062,
0.07969752699136734,
-0.08240009099245071,
-0.0833137109875679,
0.03676892817020416,
0.0603574700653553,
0.019041435793042183,
-0.037357669323682785,
-0.09825877845287323,
0.006862353999167681,
0.027736691758036613,
0.03536803647875786,
0.0548381544649601,
-0.006169537082314491,
0.005470696836709976,
-0.014409934170544147,
-0.08397654443979263,
0.0037808732595294714,
-0.08008333295583725,
0.03321494534611702,
-0.0921623483300209,
0.057102665305137634,
0.053094569593667984,
-9.70651456285248e-33,
-0.0011493668425828218,
-0.015136420726776123,
-0.04057041555643082,
-0.08839855343103409,
-0.03830559179186821,
-0.013575542718172073,
0.054090071469545364,
0.05233262479305267,
0.044575925916433334,
0.010650153271853924,
0.005165491718798876,
-0.033133674412965775,
0.01630544289946556,
0.009484600275754929,
-0.005014636088162661,
-0.030522258952260017,
-0.012943899258971214,
0.014716919511556625,
-0.09734594076871872,
0.06817124038934708,
0.08546817302703857,
0.13390615582466125,
-0.052490878850221634,
0.11274956166744232,
-0.04634770378470421,
0.02676272578537464,
0.020970262587070465,
-0.0418349951505661,
-0.0015984249766916037,
0.000279046013019979,
-0.022762443870306015,
-0.04168744385242462,
-0.09553651511669159,
0.051699280738830566,
-0.03453187644481659,
-0.08487068116664886,
0.07559783011674881,
-0.02471367083489895,
-0.038244809955358505,
0.0375329963862896,
0.05569419637322426,
0.12057705968618393,
-0.0535925030708313,
0.006193335633724928,
0.048728443682193756,
0.036729421466588974,
0.06471757590770721,
-0.020111188292503357,
0.0645756796002388,
-0.06171363964676857,
-0.042820945382118225,
-0.026784000918269157,
0.07749109715223312,
0.1212017759680748,
0.009899136610329151,
-0.018042823299765587,
0.06285171955823898,
-0.06005891412496567,
-0.08410767465829849,
0.009489649906754494,
0.035472989082336426,
0.04818257689476013,
-0.007615581154823303,
-0.10319039225578308,
0.13707652688026428,
-0.06412287056446075,
0.008523194119334221,
-0.06369160860776901,
0.06454554945230484,
-0.11067651212215424,
0.0656692385673523,
-0.06035042926669121,
-0.09352720528841019,
-0.060317136347293854,
0.06866052001714706,
-0.0122984005138278,
0.009542228654026985,
0.007212867494672537,
-0.09654806554317474,
0.024697482585906982,
-0.04288209229707718,
-0.014834128320217133,
0.03671719878911972,
0.1700303703546524,
-0.03856338933110237,
0.010615220293402672,
0.015490963123738766,
0.0014008745783939958,
0.013363322243094444,
0.03288775309920311,
-0.0413958765566349,
-0.050072114914655685,
-0.010881507769227028,
0.10903893411159515,
-0.05864617973566055,
-7.066205398587044e-8,
-0.016164332628250122,
0.02930086851119995,
-0.022787144407629967,
0.014198755845427513,
0.08236423134803772,
-0.013504920527338982,
-0.052176348865032196,
-0.015450431033968925,
-0.03799665719270706,
-0.08340243250131607,
0.041281770914793015,
0.028295503929257393,
-0.0963699072599411,
-0.11112657934427261,
0.0563063882291317,
-0.029161274433135986,
-0.08025695383548737,
0.008480909280478954,
-0.05160333216190338,
-0.06179710477590561,
0.018115708604454994,
-0.03849383816123009,
-0.016120748594403267,
0.00266832672059536,
-0.046398911625146866,
-0.05852945148944855,
0.04170621559023857,
0.012111585587263107,
0.036980677396059036,
-0.006498672068119049,
-0.04945524036884308,
-0.004032152704894543,
0.03363299369812012,
-0.08752148598432541,
-0.014193574897944927,
0.042350366711616516,
0.0728059783577919,
-0.02384531870484352,
0.020498700439929962,
-0.009810715913772583,
0.025477848947048187,
0.013463743031024933,
-0.0045722173526883125,
0.05462845042347908,
0.0729253813624382,
0.0032035212498158216,
-0.053457073867321014,
-0.03920977562665939,
0.02462335303425789,
-0.015515129081904888,
0.023082220926880836,
-0.05025484785437584,
0.025333262979984283,
0.08894280344247818,
-0.059917714446783066,
0.010723136365413666,
0.03317695111036301,
-0.06445400416851044,
-0.03512566164135933,
-0.037919849157333374,
0.1620863676071167,
-0.04349973425269127,
0.01397246215492487,
0.06994781643152237
] | {
"pdf_file": "AGFUUCT2P73LRPEVWZK7X7PVK4Z4ZNPL.pdf",
"text": "MESSAGE NO: MESSAGE DATE: \n MESSAGE STATUS: CATEGORY: \nTYPE: PUBLIC NON-PUBLIC \nS U B - T Y P E : FR CITE: FR CITE DATE: \nREFERENCE \nMESSAGE # (s): \nCASE #(s): \n \nEFFECTIVE DATE: COURT CASE #: PERIOD OF REVIEW: TO \nPERIOD COVERED: TO \n \n2156114\n03/05/1992\n✔\nPRE-Preliminary\nA-462-102, A-462-202, A-462-302,\nA-463-102, A-463-202, A-463-302\nActive\n FR\n06/04/1992\nAntidumping\nMessage Date: 06/04/1992 Message Number: 2156114 Page 1 of 5 Notice of Lifting of Suspension Date: 03/05/1992\n \n \nTO: { Directors Of Field Operations, Port Directors }\n \nFROM: { Director AD/CVD & Revenue Policy & Programs }\n \nRE: A-463-402, A-463-502, A-464-102, A-464-202, A-464-302, A-464-302\n \n MESSAGE NO: 2156114 DATE: 06 04 1992 \n CATEGORY: ADA TYPE: PRE \n REFERENCE: REFERENCE DATE: \n CASES: A - 462 - 102 A - 462 - 202 \n A - 462 - 302 A - 463 - 102 \n A - 463 - 202 A - 463 - 302 \n \n PERIOD COVERED: TO \n \n LIQ SUSPENSION DATE: 03 05 1992 \n \n TO: REGIONAL DIRECTORS, COMMERCIAL OPERATIONS \n DISTRICT DIRECTORS, AREA AND PORT DIRECTORS \n \n FROM: DIRECTOR, IMPORT SPECIALIST DIVISION \n \n RE: A-463-402, A-463-502, A-464-102, A-464-202, A-464-302, \n A-464-302 \n \n \n RE: PRELIMINARY DETERMINATION OF SALES AT LESS THAN FAIR VALUE: \n URANIUM FROM KAZAKHSTAN, KYRGYZSTAN, RUSSIA, TAJIKISTAN, UKRAINE, \n AND UZBEKISTAN; AND PRELIMINARY DETERMINATIONS OF SALES AT NOT \n LESS THAN FAIR VALUE: URANIUM FROM ARMENIA, AZERBAIJAN, \n BYELARUS, GEORGIA, MOLDOVA, AND TURKMENISTAN \n \n 1. THE DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE WILL PUBLISHED IN THE FEDERAL \n REGISTER ON JUNE 3, 1992, NOTICE OF ITS PRELIMINARY DETERMINATION \n OF SALES AT LESS THAN FAIR VALUE REGARDING URANIUM FROM \n KAZAKHSTAN, KYRGYZSTAN, RUSSIA, TAJIKISTAN, UKRAINE, AND \nMessage Date: 06/04/1992 Message Number: 2156114 Page 2 of 5 UZBEKISTAN; AND NOTICE OF ITS PRELIMINARY DETERMINATION OF SALES \n AT NOT LESS THAN FAIR VALUE REGARDING URANIUM FROM ARMENIA, \n AZERBAIJAN, BYELARUS, GEORGIA, MOLDOVA, AND TURKMENISTAN. \n \n 2. THE PRODUCTS COVERED BY THESE INVESTIGATIONS INCLUDE NATURAL \n URANIUM IN THE FORM OF URANIUM ORES AND CONCENTRATES; NATURAL \n URANIUM METAL AND NATURAL URANIUM COMPOUNDS; ALLOYS, DISPERSIONS \n (INCLUDING CERMETS), CERAMIC PRODUCTS AND MIXTURES CONTAINING \n NATURAL URANIUM OR NATURAL URANIUM COMPOUNDS; URANIUM ENRICHED IN\n \n U235 AND ITS COMPOUNDS; ALLOYS, DISPERSIONS (INCLUDING CERMETS), \n CERAMIC PRODUCTS, AND MIXTURES CONTAINING URANIUM ENRICHED IN \n U235 OR COMPOUNDS OF URANIUM ENRICHED IN U235. HIGHLY ENRICHED \n URANIUM, WHICH IS URANIUM ENRICHED TO A U235 CONCENTRATION LEVEL \n AT OR ABOVE 20 PERCENT, IS EXCLUDED FROM THE SCOPE OF THESE \n INVESTIGATIONS. THE URANIUM SUBJECT TO THESE INVESTIGATIONS IS \n PROVIDED FOR UNDER SUBHEADINGS 2612.10.00.00, 2844.10.10.00, \n 2844.10.20.10, 2844.10.20.25, 2844.10.20.50, 2844.10.20.55, \n 2844.10.50.00, 2844.20.00.10, 2844.20.00.20, 2844.20.00.30, AND \n 2844.20.00.50, OF THE HARMONIZED TARIFF SCHEDULE (HTS). ALTHOUGH \n THE HTS SUBHEADINGS ARE PROVIDED FOR CONVENIENCE AND CUSTOMS \n PURPOSES, THE WRITTEN DESCRIPTION OF THE SCOPE OF THESE \n PROCEEDINGS IS DISPOSITIVE. \n \n 3. THE U.S. CUSTOMS SERVICE SHALL SUSPEND LIQUIDATION OF ALL \n ENTRIES OF URANIUM FROM KAZAKHSTAN, KYRGYZSTAN, RUSSIA, \n TAJIKISTAN, UKRAINE AND UZBEKISTAN THAT ARE ENTERED, OR WITHDRAWN \n FROM WAREHOUSE, FOR CONSUMPTION ON OR AFTER MARCH 5, 1992, WHICH \n IS 90 DAYS PRIOR TO THE DATE OF PUBLICATION OF THIS NOTICE IN THE \n FEDERAL REGISTER DUE TO THE DETERMINATION THAT CRITICAL \n CIRCUMSTANCES EXIST. THE U.S. CUSTOMS SERVICE SHALL REQUIRE A \n CASH DEPOSIT OR THE POSTING OF A BOND EQUAL TO 115.82 PERCENT. \n DUE TO THE DEPARTMENT'S PRELIMINARY NEGATIVE DETERMINATIONS WITH \n RESPECT TO ARMENIA, AZERBAIJAN, BYELARUS, GEORGIA, MOLDOVA, AND \n TURKMENISTAN, CUSTOMS SHALL NOT SUSPEND LIQUIDATION OF ENTRIES OF \n URANIUM FROM THESE COUNTRIES. \n \n 4. FOR INVESTIGATION PURPOSES ONLY, THESE ANTIDUMPING DUTY CASES \nMessage Date: 06/04/1992 Message Number: 2156114 Page 3 of 5 HAVE BEEN ASSIGNED THE FOLLOWING INVESTIGATION NUMBERS: \n A-834-802, A-835-802, A-821-802, A-842-802, A-823-802, A-844-802, \n A-831-802, A-832-802, A-822-802, A-833-802, A-841-802, AND \n A-843-802, WHICH CORRESPOND TO EACH COUNTRY IN THE ORDER EACH IS \n LISTED IN THE TITLE ABOVE. \n \n 5. FOR CUSTOMS REPORTING PURPOSES, PLEASE USE THE FOLLOWING CASE \n NUMBERS: \n \n RUSSIA A-462-102 \n BELARUS A-462-202 \n UKRAINE A-462-302 \n \n ARMENIA A-463-102 \n AZERBAIJAN A-463-202 \n GEORGIA A-463-302 \n KAZAKHSTAN A-463-402 \n KYRGYZSTAN A-463-502 \n \n MOLDOVA A-464-102 \n TAJIKISTAN A-464-202 \n TURKMENISTAN A-464-302 \n UZBEKISTAN A-464-402 \n \n \n 6. IF THERE ARE ANY QUESTIONS REGARDING THIS MATTER BY CUSTOMS \n OFFICERS, THEY SHOULD CONTACT THE IMPORT SPECIALIST DIVISION, \n OTHER AGENCY BRANCH (202-566-8651), OR SEND AN EMAIL TO ATTRIBUTE \n \"HQ OAB\". THE IMPORTING PUBLIC AND OTHER INTERESTED PARTIES \n SHOULD CONTACT LARRY SULLIVAN OF THE OFFICE OF COUNTERVAILING \n INVESTIGATIONS, IMPORT ADMINISTRATION, INTERNATIONAL TRADE \n ADMINISTRATION, U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE, TELEPHONE: \n (202)377-0114. \n \n THERE ARE NO RESTRICTIONS ON RELEASE OF THE ABOVE INFORMATION. \n \n NANCY MCTIERNAN \nMessage Date: 06/04/1992 Message Number: 2156114 Page 4 of 5 Company Details\n \n*Party Indicator Value:\nI = Importer, M = Manufacturer, E = Exporter, S = Sold To Party\nMessage Date: 06/04/1992 Message Number: 2156114 Page 5 of 5"
} |
[
-0.02133357524871826,
0.02468036860227585,
-0.0015594828873872757,
-0.06233471632003784,
-0.023001590743660927,
0.06737663596868515,
-0.019812272861599922,
0.06676925718784332,
0.037997130304574966,
-0.009470362216234207,
0.02860902063548565,
0.018447434529662132,
0.050433333963155746,
0.03715747222304344,
0.03942311182618141,
0.021305657923221588,
0.016868390142917633,
-0.007265114225447178,
-0.10051926225423813,
-0.041118744760751724,
0.10709529370069504,
0.03603244945406914,
-0.013924787752330303,
-0.003923056181520224,
-0.09989545494318008,
0.001279268297366798,
-0.03371892124414444,
0.033111572265625,
0.04628823325037956,
-0.057170748710632324,
0.008580155670642853,
0.10941123217344284,
-0.012472820468246937,
-0.004275405313819647,
0.03520584851503372,
0.03953816369175911,
0.033960867673158646,
0.0402187816798687,
0.00037295345100574195,
0.010690120980143547,
0.02417638897895813,
-0.047622185200452805,
0.004941417835652828,
0.03774580731987953,
0.00849749892950058,
0.08805545419454575,
-0.0421181246638298,
0.008487570099532604,
-0.058222267776727676,
-0.06158930063247681,
-0.09105198830366135,
0.07544410973787308,
-0.1628788858652115,
-0.002740081399679184,
0.03074054978787899,
0.0758848786354065,
-0.018101224675774574,
-0.0038415954913944006,
-0.033048227429389954,
-0.039771877229213715,
-0.035123880952596664,
0.03074260801076889,
-0.03757721930742264,
-0.0027435501106083393,
0.0961129367351532,
-0.02349122054874897,
-0.005782117135822773,
-0.028215106576681137,
-0.0664016604423523,
0.07088404893875122,
-0.07688383013010025,
-0.012763116508722305,
-0.029928946867585182,
0.040867920964956284,
0.01199205033481121,
-0.04867776855826378,
-0.023314839228987694,
0.010202891193330288,
0.030704224482178688,
-0.07366345077753067,
0.004836182575672865,
0.02644399367272854,
0.00431055249646306,
0.0376485250890255,
-0.0746053159236908,
-0.0536392480134964,
0.02761237509548664,
-0.08011973649263382,
-0.03335943818092346,
0.01829833909869194,
0.08466371893882751,
-0.058785293251276016,
0.05055806040763855,
0.020685944706201553,
-0.010032307356595993,
-0.06553763896226883,
0.019613174721598625,
0.026356060057878494,
0.014979961328208447,
0.02675582654774189,
-0.026218965649604797,
-0.03813591226935387,
-0.10040593147277832,
-0.012977036647498608,
-0.04506015032529831,
-0.07834357023239136,
-0.03514740616083145,
-0.03303143009543419,
0.07188829779624939,
-0.05374744534492493,
0.022297924384474754,
0.005637405905872583,
-0.027648722752928734,
-0.10305984318256378,
0.0015369630418717861,
0.052246470004320145,
0.034041985869407654,
0.038130853325128555,
0.12589885294437408,
0.026125838980078697,
-0.011373368091881275,
-0.023948967456817627,
0.005014864727854729,
0.04133770987391472,
-0.0057448213919997215,
-0.05546512082219124,
-0.03162847459316254,
4.001672052011964e-34,
-0.048513539135456085,
-0.0992291271686554,
-0.016208866611123085,
0.06818780303001404,
-0.006701337639242411,
0.03538939729332924,
-0.06950247287750244,
-0.08426330983638763,
0.019025305286049843,
-0.009335886687040329,
-0.0760548859834671,
-0.029976610094308853,
-0.01910986751317978,
0.1182071641087532,
-0.0036128931678831577,
-0.04080372303724289,
0.023041199892759323,
0.0821484625339508,
-0.03666792809963226,
-0.08196695894002914,
0.020478244870901108,
0.030968913808465004,
0.007900930941104889,
-0.045554663985967636,
0.05410841107368469,
-0.028704125434160233,
-0.02149759791791439,
-0.08533159643411636,
-0.02909265272319317,
-0.0012620073975995183,
-0.027322692796587944,
0.03486330807209015,
-0.07647648453712463,
-0.012332993559539318,
-0.00003261021265643649,
-0.018707631155848503,
-0.023150186985731125,
-0.0317581407725811,
-0.03604450821876526,
-0.08768118917942047,
-0.05997106805443764,
0.06320880353450775,
0.05439164116978645,
-0.042037446051836014,
0.06424176692962646,
-0.05943281576037407,
-0.029203571379184723,
-0.03224245831370354,
-0.044370029121637344,
-0.016797734424471855,
0.04145399481058121,
0.03164077550172806,
0.011691462248563766,
-0.09220346063375473,
0.041572608053684235,
0.01921340636909008,
0.013953580521047115,
0.012494755908846855,
-0.06385443359613419,
0.15887175500392914,
0.027496274560689926,
0.05708366632461548,
-0.057453762739896774,
0.06926078349351883,
0.05342603847384453,
0.05194927752017975,
-0.14438003301620483,
-0.043251488357782364,
0.08334383368492126,
-0.011959903873503208,
-0.013653617352247238,
-0.1062992736697197,
0.09265042096376419,
-0.02216816321015358,
0.017991334199905396,
-0.110590860247612,
-0.012298510409891605,
-0.06802686303853989,
0.025279752910137177,
-0.08814103156328201,
-0.04626013711094856,
0.031325701624155045,
-0.006554645486176014,
-0.11908334493637085,
-0.1261441856622696,
-0.12329428642988205,
0.016056764870882034,
-0.08976878970861435,
-0.011372855864465237,
-0.00718714902177453,
-0.0669078528881073,
0.014945467934012413,
-0.018329335376620293,
0.015911733731627464,
0.04976874589920044,
-9.604677079136929e-33,
0.0011760351480916142,
-0.023325538262724876,
0.013308056630194187,
-0.03716299310326576,
0.004632543306797743,
-0.0041407993994653225,
-0.004526322707533836,
-0.01279815100133419,
-0.02607644535601139,
0.04075602814555168,
0.02464229054749012,
0.012853284366428852,
-0.011609888635575771,
-0.007553626783192158,
0.00043118715984746814,
-0.080299012362957,
0.0737314522266388,
0.045172661542892456,
-0.08383872359991074,
0.05327479541301727,
0.03162139654159546,
0.06489550322294235,
0.01704973354935646,
-0.021214809268712997,
-0.04039311781525612,
-0.018100637942552567,
-0.028926337137818336,
0.0740954726934433,
-0.03485849127173424,
0.04174298793077469,
-0.039155758917331696,
-0.06554512679576874,
-0.09298574924468994,
-0.07142288982868195,
-0.058086611330509186,
-0.09353690594434738,
0.07619425654411316,
-0.06812082231044769,
-0.08198841661214828,
0.0023883162066340446,
0.08877145498991013,
0.06293647736310959,
0.046555742621421814,
0.010706722736358643,
-0.028194423764944077,
0.049572449177503586,
0.07270244508981705,
-0.03212562948465347,
-0.0817994549870491,
-0.0864923819899559,
0.032026465982198715,
-0.022842150181531906,
-0.04780259728431702,
-0.045123547315597534,
-0.036277711391448975,
-0.03809424862265587,
-0.05082908272743225,
-0.06406987458467484,
-0.04133601859211922,
-0.048238202929496765,
0.08112465590238571,
-0.014911048114299774,
-0.05005701258778572,
0.04880108684301376,
0.0834212601184845,
-0.05799590051174164,
-0.06035773083567619,
0.011071485467255116,
0.06178489327430725,
0.030731111764907837,
-0.03787238523364067,
-0.04110715538263321,
-0.05975841358304024,
-0.08592641353607178,
-0.0030032615177333355,
0.010317403823137283,
-0.00835998822003603,
-0.032280758023262024,
-0.05486825108528137,
-0.04319062829017639,
-0.09488005936145782,
0.05286801606416702,
-0.014171771705150604,
0.05003295838832855,
-0.04180462658405304,
-0.07741613686084747,
0.036674145609140396,
-0.010893409140408039,
-0.005061349365860224,
0.07536520063877106,
-0.041624780744314194,
0.002120164455845952,
-0.016020720824599266,
0.0896143987774849,
-0.007185506168752909,
-7.288556957973924e-8,
-0.060449324548244476,
-0.07164161652326584,
-0.0022948598489165306,
0.036066267639398575,
-0.04172200709581375,
-0.043480899184942245,
-0.035111695528030396,
-0.027677863836288452,
0.04662437364459038,
0.07055415213108063,
-0.038405850529670715,
0.07696769386529922,
-0.022698992863297462,
0.03166529908776283,
0.024542057886719704,
-0.0174834206700325,
-0.02759457565844059,
-0.08659005910158157,
-0.04185797646641731,
-0.0398973748087883,
0.013279417529702187,
-0.03795039653778076,
-0.027777936309576035,
0.01431623287498951,
0.018541226163506508,
0.05870836228132248,
-0.02280443347990513,
-0.021862583234906197,
0.033179327845573425,
0.027931375429034233,
0.036682624369859695,
0.00888056680560112,
0.03278961032629013,
0.0005414922488853335,
-0.0049242060631513596,
-0.025178344920277596,
-0.012070992030203342,
0.06886359304189682,
-0.07366306334733963,
-0.015834828838706017,
0.05282773822546005,
-0.04797522351145744,
-0.01881084032356739,
0.1186622679233551,
0.07455234974622726,
-0.049643632024526596,
-0.06317923963069916,
-0.038763076066970825,
-0.04198412597179413,
-0.004489711485803127,
-0.02676565758883953,
-0.025061899796128273,
-0.0026037420611828566,
-0.04901745915412903,
0.023479171097278595,
-0.009516310878098011,
-0.026551861315965652,
0.033816125243902206,
0.007010429631918669,
-0.014475765638053417,
0.05957512930035591,
0.03759532794356346,
0.07617243379354477,
-0.022865869104862213
] | {
"pdf_file": "NKJZFXDHGHWNNHGULXM5PSPE7GWWUTR2.pdf",
"text": " \n \n \n \n C O L L E C T I V E B A R G A I N I N G \n \n \n C O N T R A C T \n \n \n Between \n \n T H E C I T Y O F C O L U M B U S \n \n and \n \n A M E R I C A N F E D E R A T I O N O F S T A T E, \n C O U N T Y A N D M U N I C I P A L E M P L O Y E E S \n \n O H I O C O U N C I L 8 \n \n L O C A L 1 6 3 2 \n \n April 1, 2008 - March 31, 2011 \n \n \n \n \n i. \nPAGE \nARTICLE 1 ........ PURPOSE.............................................................................. 2 \nARTICLE 2 DEFINITIONS......................................................................... 2 \nARTICLE 3 MANAGEMENT RIGHTS....................................................... 6 \nSection 3.1. Relation of Contract to Other Sources of Authority. ............... 6 \nSection 3.2. Statement of Management Rights.......................................... 7 \nSection 3.3. Subcontracting. ...................................................................... 7 \nARTICLE 4 RECOGNITION ..................................................................... 8 \nSection 4.1. Recognition. ........................................................................... 8 Section 4.2. Bargaining Unit....................................................................... 8 \nSection 4.3. Job Classifications.................................................................. 9 \nARTICLE\n 5 UNION SECURITY AND RIGHTS.......................................... 9 \nSection 5.1. Dues Deduction...................................................................... 9 \nSection 5.2. Fair Share............................................................................. 10 Section 5.3. Union Indemnification........................................................... 11 Section 5.4. Precedence of This Contract................................................ 11 \nSection 5.5. Bulletin Boards. .................................................................... 11 \nSection 5.6. Solicitation of Membership. .................................................. 12 Section 5.7. PEOPLE Checkoff................................................................ 12 \nARTICLE\n 6 UNION OFFICERS AND STEWARDS................................ 12 \nSection 6.1. Authorized Union Representatives....................................... 12 \nSection 6.2. Union Business That Authorized Union Representatives \n May Conduct on City Time................................................... 14 \nSection 6.3. Procedures for Scheduling, Approving and Monitoring Time Off To Conduct Union Business.................................. 15 \nSection 6.4. Access to Work Area............................................................ 16 Section 6.5. Privileges of the Representative of Ohio Council 8 and \n Union President and Vice-President. ................................... 16 \nSection 6.6. Transfer of Union Representative. ....................................... 16 \nSection 6.7. Release Time for Union Conventions, Seminars. ................ 17 \nSection 6.8. Release Time for Union President and Vice-President........ 17 \nSection 6.9. Release Time for Union Bargaining Team. .......................... 17 \nSection 6.10. Special Union Leave Without Pay........................................ 17 \nSection 6.11. Proper Authorization for Release Time Required……….......17 \nARTICLE\n 7 JOINT LABOR-MANAGEMENT COMMITTEES ................. 17 \nSection 7.1. Quality of Working Life Program. ......................................... 17 Section 7.2. Health and Safety Committee. ............................................. 18 \nSection 7.3. General Labor-Management Meetings................................. 20 \nSection 7.4. Insurance Committee. .......................................................... 20 Section 7.5. Civil Service Committee. ...................................................... 20 \nARTICLE\n 8 CENTRAL WORK RULES AND PERSONNEL POLICIES.. 20 \n \n ii. Section 8.1. Establishing.......................................................................... 20 \nSection 8.2. Posting. ................................................................................ 21 Section 8.3. Notification............................................................................ 21 \nSection 8.4. Enforcement......................................................................... 21 \nSection 8.5. Grievance............................................................................. 21 Section 8.6. Distribution. .......................................................................... 21 \nARTICLE\n 9 NO DISCRIMINATION OR COERCION............................... 21 \nSection 9.1. No Discrimination (EEO). ..................................................... 21 Section 9.2. No Discrimination (Union Membership, Activity \n and Representation)............................................................. 22 \nSection 9.3. No Discrimination (Application of Contract \n and Work Rules)................................................................... 22 \nARTICLE\n 10 DISCIPLINARY PROCEDURE ............................................ 22 \nSection 10.1. Investigation. ........................................................................ 22 \nSection 10.2. Notice to Union After Completion of Investigation................ 23 \nSection 10.3. Service of Disciplinary Actions. ............................................ 23 Section 10.4. Hearing on Disciplinary Charges.......................................... 24 Section 10.5. Disciplinary Grievances........................................................ 24 Section 10.6. Leave Forfeiture or Fine In Lieu of Suspension. .................. 25 \nSection 10.7. Length of Time Prior Discipline May Be Considered............ 25 \nSection 10.8. Exceptions/Extensions To Time Deadlines.......................... 25 \nARTICLE\n 11 GRIEVANCE AND ARBITRATION PROCEDURES............ 26 \nSection 11.1. Definition and Purpose......................................................... 26 Section 11.2. Who May File A Grievance, Exclusivity of Remedy. ............ 26 Section 11.3. Time Limits........................................................................... 27 \nSection 11.4. Specificity Required in Written Grievances and Limitation24 \n on Expanding the Scope of a Grievance.............................. 27 \nSection 11.5. Grievance and Arbitration..................................................... 27 Section 11.6. Persons With Responsibilities Under the Grievance Procedure and Scope of Authority. ...................................... 30 \nSection 11.7. Time Off For Presenting Grievances.................................... 30 Section 11.8. Specific Types of Grievances............................................... 30 Section 11.9. Use of Mediation. ................................................................. 31 \nARTICLE\n 12 NO STRIKE OR LOCKOUT ................................................ 32 \nSection 12.1. No Strike............................................................................... 32 Section 12.2. Discipline of Strikers............................................................. 32 \nSection 12.3. No Lockout. .......................................................................... 32 \nSection 12.4. Judicial Relief. ...................................................................... 32 \nARTICLE\n 13 SENIORITY.......................................................................... 33 \nSection 13.1. Seniority of Probationary Employees. .................................. 33 \nSection 13.2. Accumulation of Seniority While Disabled............................ 33 Section 13.3. Role of Seniority in Filling Vacancies in Position Assignments within a Division.............................................. 33 \n \n iii. Section 13.4. Seniority List......................................................................... 34 \nSection 13.5. Seniority in Merged Job Classifications................................ 34 \nARTICLE 14 TEMPORARY ASSIGNMENTS ........................................... 34 \nSection 14.1. Transitional Return to Work.................................................. 34 Section 14.2. Assignments to Work Out of Classification . ........................ 35 \nARTICLE\n 15 LAYOFFS............................................................................. 35 \nSection 15.1. Responsibility. ...................................................................... 35 Section 15.2. Notice to the Commission. ................................................... 35 Section 15.3. Certification of Layoff............................................................ 35 \nSection 15.4. Bumping. .............................................................................. 36 \nSection 15.5. Eligible List Reinstatement................................................... 36 Section 15.6. Recall. .................................................................................. 37 Section 15.7. Limited Positions. ................................................................. 37 \nARTICLE\n 16 HOURS OF WORK AND OVERTIME .................................. 37 \nSection 16.1. Normal Workweek and Workday.......................................... 37 Section 16.2. Changes in Normal Workweek and Workday....................... 37 Section 16.3. Overtime Eligibility and Pay.................................................. 39 Section 16.4. Distribution of Overtime........................................................ 40 Section 16.5. Overtime Scheduling............................................................ 41 \nSection 16.6. Rest Periods......................................................................... 41 \nSection 16.7. Lunch Period. ....................................................................... 42 Section 16.8. Tardiness.............................................................................. 42 Section 16.9. Reporting Off Work Procedures. .......................................... 42 Section 16.10. Compensatory Time............................................................. 42 Section 16.11. No Pyramiding...................................................................... 43 \nARTICLE\n 17 HOLIDAYS........................................................................... 43 \nSection 17.1. Holidays................................................................................ 43 Section 17.2. When Holidays Are Observed.............................................. 44 Section 17.3. Holiday Pay and Holidays During Vacation Periods............. 44 Section 17.4. Extra Pay for Work on a Holiday. ......................................... 44 \nSection 17.5. Eligibility Requirements for Holiday Pay............................... 44 \nSection 17.6. Shifts Eligible for Holiday Pay. ............................................. 44 Section 17.7. Shift Worker Holidays in Continuous Operations. ................ 44 Section 17.8\n Religious Holy Days…………………………………………….45 \nSection 17.9 Holiday Pay for Alternate Work Schedules…………………..45 \nARTICLE 18 PERSONAL BUSINESS DAY.............................................. 45 \nARTICLE 19 VACATION LEAVE.............................................................. 45 \nSection 19.1. Vacation Year....................................................................... 45 Section 19.2. Vacation Schedule and Accrual. .......................................... 45 Section 19.3. Maximum Vacation Carryover/Payout.................................. 46 Section 19.4. Eligibility Requirements for Vacation Accrual....................... 47 \nSection 19.5. Scheduling Vacations........................................................... 47 \nSection 19.6. Vacation Payoff at Time of Separation................................. 47 \n \n iv. Section 19.7. Vacation Payoff at Death...................................................... 48 \n \nARTICLE 20 SICK LEAVE........................................................................ 48 \nSection 20.1. Sick Leave Entitlement......................................................... 48 Section 20.2. Eligible Uses and Procedures. ............................................. 48 Section 20.3. Sick Leave Documentation and Suspected Sick Leave Abuse. ....................................................................... 50 \nSection 20.4. Sick Leave Reciprocity......................................................... 51 Section 20.5. Carryover Sick Leave Balances from Certain \n Prior Public Employment...................................................... 52 \nSection 20.6. Old Sick Leave Bank............................................................ 52 \nSection 20.7. Payment of Sick Leave Balances at Time of Separation............................................................................ 53 Section 20.8. Payment of Sick Leave Balances at Death. ......................... 54 \nARTICLE\n 21 DISABILITY LEAVE ............................................................. 54 \nSection 21.1. Eligibility and Waiting Period................................................ 54 Section 21.2. Application Procedure and Deadlines. ................................. 54 Section 21.3. Disability Benefits................................................................. 54 Section 21.4. Limitations and Fraudulent Claims....................................... 54 \nSection 21.5. Continued Contact With Division and Return \n to Work Notification. ............................................................. 55 \nSection 21.6. Ninety-Day Fitness Hearing. ................................................ 55 Section 21.7. Coordination with FMLA Leave. ........................................... 55 Section 21.8. Continuation of Certain Benefits While on Disability. ........... 55 \nARTICLE\n 22 INJURY LEAVE ................................................................... 55 \nSection 22.1. General Scope of Benefits and Eligibility for Injury Leave.... 55 Section 22.2. Deadline for Reporting Injury................................................ 56 Section 22.3. Payment for Absence on Day of Injury................................. 56 Section 22.4. Deadline for Submitting Medical Documentation for Original and Recurrent Injuries............................................. 56 \nSection 22.5. Determination by Director of Human Resources and Related Limitations and Procedures. ............................ 56 \nSection 22.6. Board of Industrial Relations Proceedings. .......................... 57 Section 22.7. Use of Other Leaves Pending Decision on Injury Leave.......................................................................... 58 \nSection 22.8. Use of Injury Leave for Medical Examinations-Treatment \n and Certain Related Hearings.............................................. 58 \nSection 22.9. Continuation of Benefits While on Injury Leave.................... 58 \nSection 22.10. Extension of Injury Leave in Certain Circumstances \n and Repayment from Workers Compensation. .................... 58 \nSection 22.11. Deadline for Application for Disability Following \n Exhaustion of Injury Leave................................................... 59 \nSection 22.12. Reopener.............................................................................. 59 \nARTICLE\n 23 SPECIAL LEAVE WITH PAY ............................................... 59 \n \n v. Section 23.1. Military Leave. ...................................................................... 59 \nSection 23.2. Jury Duty Leave. .................................................................. 60 Section 23.3. Examination Leave............................................................... 61 \nSection 23.4. Court Leave.......................................................................... 61 \nSection 23.5. Disaster Leave. .................................................................... 61 Section 23.6 Betty Brezinski Living Organ Donor Leave........................... 61 \nARTICLE\n 24 LEAVE WITHOUT PAY........................................................ 62 \nSection 24.1. Away Without Leave............................................................. 62 Section 24.2. Unpaid Personal Leave........................................................ 62 \nSection 24.3. Unpaid Educational Leave. .................................................. 62 \nSection 24.4. Unpaid Union Leave............................................................. 63 Section 24.5. Leave of Absence to Accept Provisional Appointment......... 63 Section 24.6. Military Leave of Absence. ................................................... 63 Section 24.7. Family Medical Leave Act (FMLA) Leave............................. 64 \nARTICLE\n 25 DRUG AND ALCOHOL TESTING ....................................... 69 \nSection 25.1. Prohibited Conduct............................................................... 69 Section 25.2. Testing to be Conducted. ..................................................... 69 Section 25.3. Procedures........................................................................... 70 \nARTICLE\n 26 WAGE AND COMPENSATION PLAN ................................. 71 \nSection 26.1. General Pay Plan. ................................................................ 71 Section 26.2. Contributions to the Public Employees Retirement System of Ohio..................................................................... 74 \nSection 26.3. Administration of Pay Plan. .................................................. 75 Section 26.4. Report-In Pay. ...................................................................... 76 Section 26.5. Call-Back Pay....................................................................... 76 \nSection 26.6. Shift Differential.................................................................... 77 \nSection 26.7. Working Out of Classification Pay........................................ 77 Section 26.8. Service Credit....................................................................... 78 Section 26.9. Police Communication Technician Training…...................... 78 \nSection 26.10 Pay Review Committee………………………………………...78 \nSection 26.11. Perfect Attendance............................................................... 78 \nARTICLE\n 27 INSURANCE ........................................................................ 79 \nSection 27.1. Health Insurance. ................................................................. 79 \nSection 27.2. Life Insurance....................................................................... 86 Section 27.3. Vision.................................................................................... 87 Section 27.4. Eligibility for Insurance Plans. .............................................. 87 \nSection 27.5. Employees Monthly Premiums............................................. 88 \nSection 27.6. Pre-Tax Benefits................................................................... 89 Section 27.7. Appeal Process. ................................................................... 89 \nARTICLE\n 28 CONTINUING EDUCATION/TRAINING .............................. 90 \nSection 28.1. Tuition Reimbursement. ....................................................... 90 \nSection 28.2. General Educational Development (GED) Program............. 91 \nSection 28.3. Employer-Provided Training Opportunities. ......................... 92 \n \n vi. \n vii.ARTICLE 29 EQUIPMENT AND CLOTHING............................................ 92 \nSection 29.1. Uniforms............................................................................... 92 \nSection 29.2. Protective Clothing, Rain Gear, Gloves, and Safety-Type \n Shoes. .................................................................................. 93 \nSection 29.3 Tools and Equipment…………………………………………...93 Section 29.4 Tool Allow ance……………………………………………..……94 \nARTICLE\n 30 MISCELLANEOUS .............................................................. 94 \nSection 30.1. Gender. ................................................................................ 94 Section 30.2. Pay Stub Information............................................................ 94 \nSection 30.3. Fund Receipts and Disbursements. ..................................... 95 \nSection 30.4. Mileage Allowance. .............................................................. 95 Section 30.5. Comprehensive Physicals and Respiratory Protection.......................................................... 95 \nSection 30.6. Contract Copies.................................................................... 97 \nSection 30.7. Operational Changes. .......................................................... 97 \nSection 30.8. Errors and Omissions Policy. ............................................... 97 Section 30.9. Application of Contract to Part-Time Employees.................. 97 Section 30.10. Employee Address. .............................................................. 97 Section 30.11. Employee Assistance Program. ........................................... 97 \nSection 30.12. Hazardous Weather Conditions. .......................................... 98 \nSection 30.13. Effect of Article and Section Headings................................. 98 \nARTICLE\n 31 RELATION TO OTHER LAWS AND SEPARABILITY......... 98 \nSection 31.1. Savings Clause. ................................................................... 98 \nSection 31.2. Negotiations. ........................................................................ 98 Section 31.3. Effect of Subsequently-Enacted Legislation......................... 99 \nARTICLE\n 32 ENTIRE AGREEMENT/MID-TERM MODIFICATIONS........ 99 \nSection 32.1. Entire Agreement/Precedence of Agreement....................... 99 \nSection 32.2. Changes in Conditions of Employment Which \n Are Not Specifically Established by Contract. ...................... 99 \nSection 32.3. Changes in Conditions of Employment Which Are Specifically Established by Contract. ................................. 100 \nARTICLE\n 33 TIME DONATION PROGRAM ........................................... 100 \nSection 33.1. Purpose.............................................................................. 100 \nSection 33.2. Conditions. ......................................................................... 101 \nSection 33.3. Employees Donating Vacation Time. ................................. 101 \nARTICLE\n 34 DURATION OF CONTRACT.............................................. 103 \nAPPENDIX A CORRELATION OF JOB CLASSIFICATION TO \n PAY RANGES.................................................................... 104 \nAPPENDIX B MOU’S............................................................................... 115 \nAPPENDIX C SIDE LETTERS................................................................. 211\nAPPENDIX D FORMS.............................................................................. 220 \n - 2 - \nARTICLE 1 - PURPOSE \n \nThis Contract is made between the City of Columbus, Ohio, hereinafter referred to as \"City\" and AFSCME, Local 1632, and Ohio Council 8, American Federation of State, County and Municipal \nEmployees, AFL-CIO, hereinafter referred to jointly as the \"Union\". \n \nThe objectives of this Contract are as follows: \n \n(A) To achieve and maintain a satisfactory, stable and productive employer-\nemployee relationship and to prom ote improved work performance; \n \n(B) To foster a cooperative employer-emplo yee relationship that will improve City \ngovernment efficiency and effectiveness and provide high quality service and \ncustomer satisfaction; \n \n(C) To provide for the peaceful adjustment of differences which may arise; \n \n(D) To attract and retain qualified employees by providing benefits that are \ncompetitive and fair; \n \n(E) To assure the effectiveness of service by providing an opportunity for employees \nto meet with the Administration through their representatives to exchange views \nand opinions on policies and procedures affecting the conditions of their employment, subject to the Charter of the City of Columbus, ordinances and resolutions of the Columbus City Council, resolutions of the Columbus Board of Health (where applicable), Civil Service Commission Rules and Regulations, \nState and Federal laws, and the Constitution of the State of Ohio and the United \nStates of America; and \n \n(F) To set forth the entire understandings and agreements between the parties \ngoverning the wages, hours, and terms and conditions of employment for those \nemployees included in the bargaining unit as defined herein. \n \nARTICLE 2 - DEFINITIONS \n \n\"Active Service\" means being present and able to perform the duties to which an \nemployee of the City of Columbus has been assigned. \n \n“AWOL” means away without leave as defined in Section 24.1. \n \n\"Appointing Authority\" means an individual, officer, commission, agency, board or \nbody having the power under the Charter or Co lumbus City Codes of appointment to, or \nremoval from, a position with the City. \n - 3 -\"Calendar Week\" means seven (7) consecutive calendar days starting on Sunday and \nending on Saturday. \n \n\"Call-Back Pay\" means pay for an unscheduled work assignment which does not \nimmediately precede or follow an employee's scheduled work hours (this, for example, does not apply to a prescheduled early call-in or in cases of overtime authorized as an extension of a regular shift). \n“Casual Employee”\n means an employee who is assigned on an on-call or as-needed \nbasis to supplement the work force and either: averages in the aggregate less than five hundred (500) hours over the previous year; or, among w hom less than sixty percent (60%) who worked \none year returned for the following year. \n\"Chief Steward\"\n means a Union representative assigned to the department by which \nhe/she is employed and whose responsibilities are outlined in Article 6. \n\"Class or Classification\"\n means a group of positions with the same descriptive title \nhaving similar duties and responsibilities and requiring similar qualifications and which can be distinguished from other groups of positions. There may be only one position in some job \nclasses or classifications. \n \n“Class Action Grievance”\n means a grievance of the type outlined in Section 11.1. \n \n“COBRA” (Consolidated Omnibus Budget Recovery Act) means full-time employees \nwho terminate City employment, or reduce their hours to part-time, may participate in \ncontinuation of specific health care benefits at their own expense pursuant to the federal \nCOBRA provisions. For employees with less than one (1) year of City service, only \ncomprehensive major medical and prescription drug benefits are subject to be purchased. Employees with more than one (1) year of City service are eligible for comprehensive major \nmedical, prescription drug, dental care and vision care benefits which are subject to be \npurchased. \n \n\"Compensatory Time\"\n means time off with pay for authorized overtime worked in lieu \nof salary or wages, calculated in accor dance with Article 16 of this Contract. \n \n\"Continuous Service\" means an employee's length of se rvice as a full-time employee \nof the City uninterrupted by a separation from City employment; provided, however, time in \nunpaid status and/or part-time status shall be deducted from length of service. \n \n\"Daily Overtime\" means premium pay at one and one-half (1-1/2) times regular pay \nrates for time actually worked beyond eight (8) straight-time hours or more in a workday (for \nexample, daily overtime would apply after ten (10) straight-time hours of actual work for a \nnormal workday of ten (10) hours). \n \n\"Day\" means calendar day unless otherwise specified. \n \n\"Demotion\" means a change to a classification which has a lower rate of pay. \n \n\"Division\" means the Appropriation Unit for budgetary purposes. \n \n - 4 -\"Employee\" means any member holding a bargaining unit classification who is not 1) a \nuniformed employee of the Police or Fire Divisions within the Department of Public Safety; 2) an \nemployee of the Human Resources Department; 3) an employee of the Civil Service \nCommission; 4) a confidential secretary of an Appointing Authority; 5) an employee who \nregularly works less than twenty (20) hours per week during the course of a payroll year; and 6) an employee who is in seasonal or temporary appointment. \n\"Extended Illness\"\n means more than three (3) consecutive workdays, including the day \non which the holiday is celebrated, of injury leave, sick leave and/or disability leave. \n \n\"Floating Chief Steward\" means a Union representative not assigned to a specific \ndepartment and whose responsibilities are outlined in Article 6. \n \n\"Full-Time Employee\" means an employee who is hired to perform duties for the City \naccording to an established work schedule which includes not less than forty (40) hours per \nwork week and contemplates fifty-two (52) work weeks per year. \"Full-Time Employee\" includes \nemployees on full-time limited appointments of one year and employees who have been \nemployed for more than one year of cons ecutive full-time limited appointments. \n \n\"Operating Unit\" means a department, division, facility or reporting location, whichever \nis applicable. \n\"Operating Unit Seniority\"\n means the employee's seniorit y in his/her classification \nwithin the operating unit. \n\"Overtime\"\n means time during which an employee is on duty, working for the City in \nexcess of regularly scheduled hours of work as set forth in Article 16. Overtime applies only to that time authorized to be worked by an Appointing Authority in accordance with the provisions of this Contract. \n \n\"Paid Status\"\n means employment by the City in ac tive service or authorized leave with \npay; for purposes of Article 16, paid status means time worked plus all paid leaves except for sick leave, injury leave and/or disability leave. \n\"Part-Time Employee\"\n means an employee who is hired to perform duties for the City \naccording to a work schedule less than forty (40) hours per five (5) consecutive calendar days, \nand contemplates an average in the aggregate of more than 1040 hours in a year. Part-Time \nEmployee includes employees on part-time limited appointments of one (1) year and employees \nwho have been employed for more than one (1) year of consecutive part-time limited appointments. \n\"Pay Period\"\n means a two (2) calendar week period beginning on a Sunday and ending \non the second Saturday thereafter. \n\"Personnel Policy\"\n means a policy or procedure which implements and clarifies \ncontract provisions regarding terms and conditions of employment for employees in the bargaining unit in specific sections, reporting locations, divisions or department. It does not \ninclude oral or written work direction on how to perform a specific job duty from a supervisor or \nmanager, or the exercise of other management rights under Section 3.2. \n - 5 -\"Post-Training New Hires\" means an employee who has successfully completed the \nrequisite training period, but who may not have completed his/her probationary period. \n \n\"Pyramiding of Overtime\" means the paying of a premium rate of pay above the \nappropriate overtime rate. \n \n\"Position\" means any office, employment or j ob calling for the performance of certain \nduties and the exercise of certain responsibilities by one individual. A position may be vacant, \noccupied part-time, or occupied full-time. \n \n\"Reemployment\" means taking a position with the City following a break in continuous \nservice. \n \n\"Resignation\" means the voluntary termination of employment of an employee, or \nunauthorized leave for five (5) consecutive workdays. \n \n\"Retirement\" means separation from City service wh ich is not caused by resignation, \nlayoff or discharge, with application for retirement benefits approved by the Ohio Public Employees Retirement System (OPERS) for an em ployee who (a) is sixty (60) years of age at \nthe time of separation with at least five (5) years of service under the OPERS system, or (b) is fifty-five (55) years of age at the time of separation with at least twenty-five (25) years of service under the OPERS system, or (c) regardless of age at the time of separation, has at least thirty (30) years of service under the OPERS system , or (d) is approved for disability retirement \nbenefits by the OPERS. \n\"Seasonal Employees\"\n means an employee who works a certain regular season or \nperiod of the year performing some work or activity limited to that season and either: 1) averages in the aggregate less than five hundred (500) hours over the previous year, or; 2) \namong whom less than sixty percent (60%) who worked one (1) year returned to employment the following year. \n \n\"Seniority\"\n means an employee's uninterrupted length of continuous service within the \nCity, department, division or job classification, depending upon the issue involved. \n \n\"Separation from City Employment\" means a termination of the employer-employee \nrelationship and includes resignation, retirement, discharge for cause, layoff and certification \ntermination resulting from the establishment of an eligible list. A layoff or certification termination \nof thirty five (35) days or less, or resignation to immediately accept another position in the employ of the City, shall not be consi dered a separation from City employment. \n \n\"SERB\"\n means the State Employment Relations Board of Ohio. \n \n\"Shift\" means the employee's regularly scheduled hours of work. In areas with multiple \nshifts or twenty-four (24) hour operations, the early morning shift hereinafter is referred to as the first shift, the late afternoon shift hereinafter is referred to as the second shift, and the late evening shift hereinafter is referred to as the third shift. \n\"Steward\"\n means a union representative assigned to the division by which he/she is \nemployed and whose responsibilities are outlined in Article 6. \n \n - 6 -\"Temporary Appointment\" means that definition which is contained in the Charter of \nthe City of Columbus and related Ci vil Services Rules and Regulations. \n \n“Union” means, for notification purposes, the current mailing address of the Local Union \nHall. \n \n\"Unpaid Status\" means time an employee is on suspen sion, on leave without pay or is \naway without leave. Leave without pay status resulting from either injury received in the line of \nduty, approved disability coverage, or approved ac tivities related to City-employee relations \nshall not be considered to be unpaid status. \n \n\"Vacancy ” means a position to be filled, as determined by management, that results \nfrom one of the following circumstances: (1) an employee has separated from a position and the \nappointing authority has decided to fill the position; (2) an increase in the total number of \npositions in the class; (3) a reallocation of a position as approved by the Civil Service \nCommission. \n \n\"Weekly Overtime - On First Regular Day Off\" means premium pay at one and one-\nhalf (1-1/2) times regular pay rates for time worked on the employee's first regular day off after \nthe employee has completed forty (40) hours in paid status in that work week (excluding sick \nleave, injury leave and disability leave). \n\"Weekly Overtime - On Second Regular Day Off\"\n means premium pay at two (2) \ntimes regular pay rates for time worked on the employee's second regular day off after the employee has completed forty (40) hours in paid status in that work week (excluding sick leave, \ninjury leave and disability leave). A Fourth shi ft employee’s second regular day off will start \ntwenty-four (24) hours immediately preceding the start of the first regular shift of the next work \nweek. Alternative work schedules shall establish when the employee’s second regular day off occurs and therefore when double time pay will apply to overtime. \n\"Work Schedule\"\n means an employee's days of work, hours of work and days off. \n \n\"Workweek\" means a workweek as defined in Section 16.1. \n \nARTICLE 3 – MANAGEMENT RIGHTS \n \nSection 3.1. Relation of Contract to Other Sources of Authority. \nNothing contained in this Contract shall alter the authority conferred by the Charter of the City of \nColumbus, ordinances and resolutions of the Co lumbus City Council, resolutions of the \nColumbus Board of Health (where applicable), Civil Service Commission Rules and Regulations, State and Federal laws, and Constitutions of the State of Ohio and the United \nStates of America upon any City official or to in any way abridge or reduce such authority, \nexcept as specifically provided in Section 11.8(A) and in Article 15 of this Contract. This Contract shall be construed as requiring City officials to follow the procedures, agreements, and policies prescribed herein, to the extent they are applicable, in the exercise of the authority conferred upon them by law. \n - 7 -Section 3.2. Statement of Management Rights. \n \n(A) The management and direction of work forces in the interest of maintaining and \nimproving efficiency in all municipal operations is reserved to the City, subject to \nthe provisions governing the exercise of these rights as expressly provided herein. Except as expressly limited by a specific provision of this Contract and \nexcept as limited by the laws referred to in Section 3.1 of this Contract, the City retains the sole and exclusive right to: (1) plan, direct and control city operations and the work of city employees; (2) hire, promote, demote, transfer (permanently \nor temporarily), assign, layoff, recall and retain employees in positions within the \nCity; (3) discipline, suspend and discharge em ployees for just cause; (4) maintain \nthe efficiency of City operations; (5) maintain, expand, reduce, alter, consolidate, \nmerge, relocate, transfer or terminate work or other operations; (6) determine, \ncreate, maintain, expand, reduce, alter or abolish the means, methods, materials, \nprocesses, procedures, products, tools, equipment, locations or schedule of work \nor other operations; (7) determine, maintain, expand, reduce or alter employees' compensation or benefits; (8) determine, create, maintain, expand, reduce, alter or abolish new or existing jobs; (9) determine, create, maintain, expand, reduce, alter, abolish and enforce rules governing employee conduct and other \noperations; (10) determine, create, maintain, expand, reduce, alter or abolish \nhours, days or shifts of work; (11) subcontract work or other operations to outside companies; and (12) take such other actions as the City may deem necessary to carry out its mission. \n (B) The enumeration of the City's rights, as set forth in this Article, shall not be \ndeemed to exclude other rights of management not specifically set forth herein since the parties expressly agree that the City retains all legal rights to which it is entitled as an employer and retains all other rights not otherwise covered by this Contract, whether or not such rights have been exercised in the past. \n \nSection 3.3. Subcontracting.\n \nIn the event that the City exercises its right to subcontract, as set forth in this Article 3, the City shall so notify the Union at least sixty (60) days prior to implementation of such subcontracted work, except that this notice requirement shall not apply in cases of (i) emergencies; or (ii) where the City could be harmed by having to comp ly with the sixty (60)-day notice requirement \ndue to unforeseen circumstances. The Union may request a meeting with the Director of the \nDepartment of Human Resources or designee for discussion of the subcontracting decision. \nThe Union shall be permitted at such meeting to provide evidence that it would be more cost effective for the City to continue to utilize employees of the bargaining unit to perform the work in question. If it is the decision of the Director of Human Resources to continue with the subcontracting decision for the work in question after the above described procedure has been \ncompleted, or in the event the City sells, convey s or leases any current operation, the City shall \nnegotiate with the Union as to the effect on employees of the decision to subcontract work or to \nsell, convey or lease the operation. However, such effects bargaining shall not delay or \notherwise affect the City's right to sell, lease, convey or subcontract under this Article 3. \n - 8 -ARTICLE 4 - RECOGNITION \n \nSection 4.1. Recognition. \n \n(A) The City hereby agrees to recognize the Union as the sole and exclusive \nbargaining agent for the purpose of collective bargaining in any and all matters \nrelating to wages, hours, and working conditions of all employees in the bargaining unit as described in Appendix A. \n (B) The Union hereby agrees to abide by the procedures and policies as set forth in \nthis Contract. \n (C) The Union shall provide to the Director of the Department of Human Resources \nor designee an official roster of its officers and representatives that is to be kept current at all times and to include the following: \n \n(1) Name. (2) Address. (3) Home telephone number. (4) Division. (5) Immediate supervisor. \n(6) Union office held. \n \nSection 4.2. Bargaining Unit.\n \n \n(A) The bargaining unit means that group of City of Columbus employees meeting \nthe definition of a public employee pursuant to Section 4117.01 of the Ohio Revised Code, serving in class titles included in Appendix A attached hereto, and \nwho are not: 1) uniformed employees of the Police or Fire Divisions within the Department of Public Safety; 2) employees of the Human Resources \nDepartment; 3) employees of the Civil Service Commission; 4) confidential secretaries of the Appointing Authorities; 5) employees who regularly work less \nthan twenty (20) hours per week during the course of a payroll year; and 6) \nemployees who are in seasonal or temporary appointments. \n \n(B) If a dispute occurs between the City and the Union as to the inclusion or \nexclusion of a classification from the bargaining unit, the parties will discuss the matter and, if they are unable to reach agreement thereon, the parties agree to \nsubmit the dispute to arbitration pursuant to the provisions of Section 11.5, Step \n3. \n \nShould another employee repr esentative express an interest to the City to represent \nemployees to be assigned to the disputed classification, and file a petit ion with SERB \nrequesting a unit clarification det ermination with respect to the inclusion or exclusion of \nthe disputed classification fr om its bargaining unit, the City will notify the Union \n(AFSCME) upon receipt of the petition from SER B. If the Union (AFSCM E) so desires, it \n - 9 -may file a Motion to Intervene with SERB to represent employees to be assigned to the \ndisputed classification. \n \n \nSection 4.3. Job Classifications. \nThe City shall make available to the Union copies of classification specifications for all classifications in the bargaining unit. Any changes in Civil Service rules shall be provided to the Union at the earliest possible time prior to the effective date of such changes. The City, through the Civil Service Commission (CSC), may create, modify, or merge \nclassifications and place abolished classifications in moratorium. The CSC will provide the \nUnion with copies of proposed classification specifications, whether newly created, merged or modified at least fourteen (14) days before the Commission meeting where the proposed \nclassification specifications will be on the Commission agenda. \nAdditionally, the Department of Human Resour ces will determine a proposed pay range for the \naffected classifications and shall notify the Union. Should the Union dispute the proposed pay \nrecommendation of the City it shall request to bargain. Negotiations shall not exceed thirty (30) days. If the parties are unable to resolve their differences through negotiations, they shall submit unresolved issues through arbitration pursuant to Section 11.5, Step 3, of this Contract. The matter shall be submitted to a mutually agreed upon arbitrator knowledgeable in classification \nand compensation matters. \n \nARTICLE 5 - UNION SECURITY AND RIGHTS \n \nSection 5.1. Dues Deduction. \n \n(A) The agreement of membership between the Union and the members should \ndetermine the manner in which Union dues shall be deducted from the payroll. \nMembers of the Union or an employee who authorizes deductions may withdraw from the payment of dues, initiation fees , and assessments during the thirty (30) \nto forty-five (45) day period prior to the expiration of this Contract or after the \nstated expiration of this Contract (without regard to extensions) and prior to the \ncommencement of a new Contract by giving written notification by Certified Mail to the Director of the Department of Human Resources or designee and the Union twenty (20) days prior to the effective date of the revocation. \n \n(B) The City agrees to deduct Union membership dues once each month from the \npay of any employee requesting same. If a deduction is desired, the employee \nshall sign a payroll deduction form, which shall be furnished by the Union and presented to the appropriate payroll clerk within sixty (60) days of the date of signature. \n \n(C) The amount to be deducted shall be certified to each payroll clerk by the \nTreasurer of the Union. One (1) month advance notice must be given each \npayroll clerk prior to making any changes in an individual's dues deduction. The City agrees to furnish the Comptroller of AFSCME Ohio Council 8 a warrant in \n - 10 -the aggregate amount of the deduction with a listing of the employees for whom \ndeductions were made. \n \n(D) Authorization for payroll deduction is not compulsory and employees who \nvoluntarily sign authorization cards do so with full and complete knowledge that what they are doing is only one (1) method of paying their Union dues. The City shall in no way influence or attempt to influence members of the Union in their payment of dues by payroll deduction. \n \n(E) Deductions under this Section 5.1 shall be made during one (1) pay period each \nmonth; if a member's pay for the period is insufficient to cover Union dues after \nwithholding all other legal and required deductions, the City will make a \ndeduction from the pay earned during the next pay period. In the event a deduction is not made for a member during any particular month, the City, upon \nverification from the Union, will make the appropriate deduction in the following \nmonth. \n (F) The deductions made under this Section 5.1, accompanied by an alphabetical list \nof all employees, shall be transmitted to the Union no later than ten (10) days \nfollowing the end of the pay period in which the deduction is made, if so \napproved by the City Auditor. \n \n(G) The procedure for dues deduction as specified in this Section 5.1 shall be \napproved by the City Auditor, and the Auditor reserves the right to determine the authenticity of any dues deduction authorized herein. \n \n(H) The City shall provide the Union with an alphabetical list of names and addresses \nof all bargaining unit employees, including hire date and classifications, on July 1 of each calendar year. The Director of the Department of Human Resources or designee will receive an alphabetical list of all employees who do not utilize the \ndues deduction in the payroll system but pay directly to the Union. This list will be \nprovided to the Director of the Department of Human Resources or designee on July 1 of each calendar year. \n \nSection 5.2. Fair Share.\n \n \n(A) All bargaining unit employees who ar e not members in good standing of the \nUnion, shall be required to pay a fair share fee to the Union as a condition of continued employment. \n (B) All bargaining unit employees who do not become members in good standing of \nthe Union shall be required to pay a fair share fee to the Union effective sixty-one (61) days from the employee's date of hire or the effective date of this Contract, \nwhichever is later. The fair share fee shall be certified to the City Auditor by the Union. The deduction of the fair share fee from any earnings of the employee \nshall be automatic and does not require written authorization for payroll \ndeduction. \n \n(C) Payment to the Union of fair share fees deducted shall be made in accordance \nwith the regular dues deductions as provided in Section 5.1. The City Auditor \n - 11 -shall provide the Union with an alphabetical list of names, social security \nnumbers, and addresses of those employees who had a fair share fee deducted along with the amount of the fair share fee deduction. \n \n(D) The Union expressly agrees to ensure full compliance with the constitutional \nrights of fair share fee payors as set forth in Chicago Teachers Union v. Hudson\n, \n106 U.S. 1066 (1986) and other Sixth Circuit and United States Supreme Court decisions. Upon giving notice to the City of changes in the fair share fee, the Union will advise the City in writing of the steps it has taken to ensure continued \ncompliance with the constitutional rights of fair share fee payors as set forth in \nChicago Teachers Union v. Hudson\n, 106 U.S. 1066 (1986) and other Sixth \nCircuit and United States Supreme Court decisions, and will give the City \nreasonable access to information to enable the City to verify that the Union's fair share fee procedures comply with applicable Sixth Circuit and U.S. Supreme \nCourt decisions. \n \n(E) Disputes between fair share fee payors and the Union regarding fair share fees \nshall be processed under the Union's internal dispute resolution procedure and \nare not subject to the grievance and arbitration procedure of this Contract. \n \nSection 5.3. Union Indemnification.\n \nThe Union hereby agrees that it will indemnify and hold the City harmless from any claims, actions or proceedings commenced by an employ ee against the City arising out of deductions \nmade by the City pursuant to this Article. \nSection 5.4. Precedence of This Contract.\n \nThe City agrees not to enter into any agreement or contract with City employees covered by this Contract, individually or collectively, that in any way conflicts with the terms and provisions of \nthis Contract. Any such agreements shall be null and void. \n \nSection 5.5. Bulletin Boards.\n \n \n(A) The City will erect bulletin boards for exclusive use by the Union and place them \nin appropriate locations. Notices shall be restricted to the following: \n \n(1) Notices of Union elections; \n \n(2) Notices of Union meetings; \n \n(3) Notices of Union appointments and results of Union elections; \n \n(4) Notices of Union recreational and social affairs; and, \n \n(5) Such other notices as may be mutually agreed upon. \n \n(B) Any change in the location of such bulletin boards shall be approved by the \nAppointing Authority and the Union President or their designated representatives. \n \n(C) Notices of announcements shall not contain anything political or controversial or \nanything reflecting upon the City, any of its employees or any labor organization \n - 12 -among its employees. No material, notices or announcements, which violate the \nprovisions of this Section 5.5 shall be posted. The Director of the Department of Human Resources or designee and the Union President shall be responsible for \ndealing with violations of this Section 5.5. \n \nSection 5.6. Solicitation of Membership.\n \nSolicitation of membership or other internal Union business shall be conducted during the non-\nduty hours of all employees concerned; provided, however, that a representative from the Union \nshall be permitted to attend any established City, department or division orientation sessions for \nnew hires into the bargaining unit for the purpose of making a presentation on behalf of the \nUnion. \nSection 5.7. PEOPLE Checkoff.\n \nThe City of Columbus will deduct voluntary contributions to the American Federation of State, \nCounty and Municipal Employee International Union’s Public Employees Organized to Promote \nLegislative Equality (PEOPLE) Committee from the wages of an employee upon receipt from the Union of an individual written authorization card voluntarily executed by the employee. \n \nThe contribution amount will be certified to the City by the Union. Money deducted shall be \nremitted to the Union no later than ten (10) days following the end of the pay period in which the \ndeduction is made, if so approved by the City Audi tor. Payment shall be made to the Treasurer \nof PEOPLE and transmitted to Ohio Council 8, AFSCME, AFL-CIO, 6800 North High Street, \nWorthington, Ohio 43085. The payment will be accompanied by an alphabetical list of the \nnames of those employees for whom a deduction was made and the amount of the deduction. \nThis list must be separate from the list of employees who had union dues deducted and the list \nof employees who had fair share fees deducted. \n \nAn employee shall have the right to revoke such authorization by giving written notice to the City \nand the Union at any time. The City’s obligation to make deductions shall terminate automatically upon receipt of \nrevocation of authorization or upon termination of employment or transfer to a job classification \noutside the bargaining unit. All PEOPLE contributions shall be made as a deduction separate from the dues and fair share fee deductions. \n \nARTICLE 6 - UNION OFFICERS, STEWARDS AND REPRESENTATIONS \n \nSection 6.1. Authorized Union Representatives. \nEmployees of the City who will be recognized as representatives of the Union and who will be \nauthorized to conduct union business on City time as specified in this Article 6 shall be limited to \nthe following: \n Union President \n \n - 13 -Union Vice-President \n \nChief Stewards - This category of Union representatives shall consist of eight (8) \nindividuals to be selected by the Union President. These eight individuals shall include \ntwo (2) Floating Chief Stewards. The Floating Chief Stewards shall have authority to represent the Union in all Departments of the City only in the absence of a designated Chief Steward. The other six (6) Chief Stewards will be limited to representing bargaining unit employees in the following department groupings: \n \n1 from the Department of Public Safety \n1 from the Department of Public Service \n1 from the Department of Public Utilities \n1 from the Department of Recreation and Parks \n1 from the Department of Development \n1 from the Departments of Techno logy and Finance and Management; and the \nOffices of the City Auditor, Treasurer, and City Attorney (to be selected from \namong the employees in these areas) \n The Chief Stewards for each of the above-listed six department groupings shall be \nemployed in the Department or Depart ment group they are representing. \n \nStewards\n - This category of Union representative shall consist of thirty-eight (38) \nindividuals to be selected by the Union President from among the bargaining unit \nemployees in the following departments and in the numbers specified below for each department(s)/division(s): \n \nDepartments of Technology and Finance and Management; and the Offices of \nthe City Auditor, Treasurer, and City Attorney \n 1 Steward - Technology, Auditor, Treasurer, \nFinance and Management and City Attorney \n1 Steward – Facilities Management 3 Stewards – Fleet Management \n \nDepartment of Public Safety\n \n \n2 Stewards - First Shift 1 Steward - Second Shift 1 Steward - Third Shift \n \nDepartment of Public Service\n \n 1 Steward – Parking Violations Bureau \n3 Stewards – Refuse Collection \n 7 Stewards - Transportation \nDepartment of Public Utilities\n \n 2 Stewards - Power and Water (Power) \n 5 Stewards - Sewerage & Drainage \n - 14 - 7 Stewards - Power and Water (Water) \n \nDepartment of Recreation & Parks \n \n3 Stewards \nDepartment of Development\n \n \n1 Steward - Main Office, Housing Services, Neighborhood Services \nDivision, and Building Services Division \n \nThe Stewards for each of the above-listed departments/divisions shall be employed in \nthe department/division they are representing. \nThe names of all Union officers, Chief Stewards and Stewards and the particular \ndepartments/divisions each of them represents shall be furnished to the Director of the Department of Human Resources or designee and the Appointing Authority or designee by the Union. This list shall be kept current by the Union at all times. If a Chief Steward or Steward's name is not listed, he/she will not be recognized as an authorized Union \nrepresentative and will not be accorded the privileges of those positions as set forth in \nSection 6.2 below. \n \nSection 6.2. Union Business That Authorized Union Representatives May Conduct on \nCity Time. \nAuthorized Union representatives as defined and limited by Section 6.1 shall be permitted to \nconduct the following Union business on City time, subject to the scheduling provisions of \nSection 6.3. \nStewards\n - Stewards shall be limited to investigating grievances or alleged grievances \nraised by employees of the bargaining unit at their work location. Stewards may also \ndraft, review and refer grievances to their Chief Steward for filing and further processing. \nThe Stewards may not conduct any other Union business on their work time or the work time of the employee(s) seeking assistance with a grievance. Stewards may not leave \ntheir assigned work location to conduct any of the Union business as referenced in this paragraph (they may not, for example, go to the Union Hall to research or investigate a grievance). \n \nChief Stewards\n - Chief Stewards shall be limited to the following matters. Only one (1) \nChief Steward may be present at any of the events enumerated in (1) through (7) below, unless they are a witness or a grievant. \n \n(1) Investigate and draft grievances in those work areas that do not have a \nSteward on site or when the assigned Steward is absent; \n \n(2) Review all grievances drafted by subordinate Stewards and file all \ngrievances at Step 1; \n \n(3) Attend, as the Union's representative, Steps 1 and 2 grievance hearings; \n \n - 15 -(4) Attend investigatory interviews of the employee who is the focus of the \ninvestigation provided under Article 10. \n \n(5) Attend other meetings at the specific request of an employee where the \nemployee reasonably believes the meeting may lead to disciplinary \ncharges; \n \n(6) Attend disciplinary hearings conducted under Article 10 with the Union \nPresident; and \n (7) Respond to extreme emergencies involving the health or safety of a \nbargaining unit employee. \n Conducting investigatory interviews of the employee who is the focus of the investigation \npursuant to Article 10 shall be coordinated with a Union representative if requested by \nthe employee. Step 1 grievance hearings shall be coordinated with the Chief Steward. The Chief Steward for each department shall be limited to handling the above matters within his/her assigned department. The Floating Chief Steward(s) may also provide coverage for a Chief Steward in the event of unavoidable conflicts or leaves of absences \nof a Chief Steward. \n \nTime spent by a Chief Steward or Steward conducting Union business outside their \nregularly scheduled duty hours shall not be considered time worked for any purpose, nor shall it be compensated by the City in any way. Time spent by employees meeting on Union business outside their regularly scheduled duty hours shall not be considered time \nworked for any purpose, nor shall it be compensated by the City in any way (for \nexample, time spent by a third shift employ ee meeting with a Chief Steward in his/her \ndepartment on first shift). \nUnion Vice President\n - The Union Vice President shall conduct second (2) step \ngrievance hearings; act in the place of the Union President or Chief Stewards, as needed; attend labor/management meetings and other related functions. \n Union business, other than that mentioned above, shall not be conducted by a Steward or any other employee on City time. Union business that is specifically permitted by this Contract to be \nconducted on City time shall be scheduled to minimize interference with the work assignment of \nthe Chief Steward, Steward or any other employee. \n \nSection 6.3. Procedures for Scheduling, Approving and Monitoring Time Off to Conduct \nUnion Business. \nUnion business, other than that specifically mentioned in this Article 6, shall not be conducted \non City time. No Union matter of an internal nature shall be conducted during duty hours or \novertime work. Only the Chief Steward may re spond to matters involving extreme emergencies \naffecting the health or safety of a bargaining unit employee. Union business, which is specifically permitted by this Article 6 to be conducted on City time by \nthe Union’s representatives as defined in th is Article 6, shall be scheduled to minimize \ninterference with the work assignment of the Steward, Chief Steward and/or employee being assisted. This will be accomplished by requiring a Union representative to complete a Request for Leave for Union Business Form (see Appendix D) before attending to Union business on \n - 16 -City time (regardless of whether attending to the Union business requires the Union \nrepresentative to leave his/her work location). Responding to short telephone inquiries or in-person conversations initiated by others shall be the only exception to the prior approval \nrequirement (although such time shall be reported in the aggregate at the end of the day on a \nRequest for Leave for Union Business Form). This form shall specify the Union activities, which are within the particular Union representative's jurisdiction with which to deal (as specifically provided in this Article 6). The form shall be submitted as far in advance as possible to the \nUnion representative's designated management representative for approval before attending to Union business. In addition, the Union representative shall contact the designated management \nrepresentative of the employee seeking assist ance to schedule an appropriate time to discuss \nUnion business, with due regard to the demands of the workplace if such assistance is provided \nduring the duty hours of the employee involved. In the event of a bona fide emergency where it \nis impracticable for the Union representative to submit the Request for Leave for Union Business Form in advance, such form shall be completed and submitted immediately after \nattending to such emergency situation, with an explanation of the emergency circumstances \ninvolved and the time spent attending to them. Union business leave shall be submitted to payroll as is the case with any other leave form, and \nshall be tracked in the payroll accounting system like any other leave of absence. The Union \nPresident and the Director of Human Resources or designee shall both be provided with \nperiodic reports by the City Auditor's Office through the payroll system of the time spent on \nunion business leave by individual stewards and chief stewards. Any alleged abuse of this Section 6.3 or of Article 6 by the City or the Union shall result in an immediate meeting between the Director of Human Resources or designee and the Union \nPresident. \n \nSection 6.4. Access to Work.\n \nThe Chief Steward, a representative of Ohio Council 8, and the President or Vice-President of \nthe Union may consult employees in the assembly area before the start of and at the completion \nof the day's work. With the approval of the Director of Human Resources or designee and \nnotification to the Division Administrator, these same individuals shall be permitted access to work areas solely for the purpose of adjusting grievances, assisting in the settlement of disputes or carrying into effect the provisions and aims of this Contract. This pr ivilege is extended subject \nto the understanding that such access will not in fact interfere with work time or work assignments. Any suspected abuse of these privileges shall be resolved through a meeting of \nthe City and the Union. \n \nSection 6.5. Privileges of the Representative of Ohio Council 8 and Union President and \nVice-President. \nThe representative of Ohio Council 8, and the President and Vice-President of the Union shall \nhave the privileges accorded to a Chief Steward by this Contract. Any suspected abuse of these \nprivileges shall be resolved through a meeting of the City and the Union. \n \nSection 6.6. Transfer of Union Representatives. \nStewards, Chief Stewards and Union officers shall not be assigned or transferred to a new \nlocation unless suitable and satisfactory reasons exist to warrant such an assignment or \ntransfer. Such reasons will be discussed with the Union President in advance by the Appointing Authority or designee. \n - 17 - \nSection 6.7. Release Time for Union Conventions, Seminars. \nUnion business leave with pay shall be granted for up to eight (8) persons from Local 1632 to \nattend Union seminars, Union conventions or educational seminars. Such leave shall not \nexceed four hundred (400) hours collectively per calendar year and shall be permitted with the prior approval of the Director of Human Resources or designee. Request for such leave shall be submitted well in advance using the Request for Leave for Union Business Form (see Appendix D). Further, joint trainings and the number of Union representatives attending said joint training must be agreed upon by the City and the Union and shall not be charged to Union leave. \n \nSection 6.8. Release Time for Union President and Vice-President.\n \nThe President and Vice-President of Local 1632, upon election to their post and as long as they \ncontinue in that post, will be permitted to devote their full time during the workweek to Union matters while continuing in their City job classification(s). The Union President's and Vice-\nPresident's entitlement to their hourly wage, fringe benefits and seniority accrual will continue as \nthough they were performing their normal job-related duties. The President and Vice-President of Local 1632 will not, however, be eligible to receive overtime or holiday-worked pay. \nSection 6.9. Release Time for Union Bargaining Team.\n \nPrior to the first session of negotiations, the City’s Chief Negotiator will meet with the Presidents \nand Vice-Presidents of Locals 1632 and 2191 to determine the size and composition of the Union's negotiation team. Union bargaining committee members who participate in negotiations with the City shall be paid for time lost during regular working hours to attend such meetings. \n \nSection 6.10. Special Union Leave Without Pay.\n \nUpon request of the Union, the City will place up to two (2) full-time Union representatives on administrative leave without pay for periods not to exceed one (1) year. \n Section 6.11. Proper Authorization for Release Time Required.\n \nThe privileges listed above do not authorize any Un ion representative to be absent from his/her \njob or work without proper notification to and authorization from a designated management representative and any other authorization required under this Article, which authorization will not be unreasonably withheld to delay the Union's compliance with time deadlines. \nARTICLE 7 - JOINT LABOR- MANAGEMENT COMMITTEES \n Section 7.1. Quality of Working Life Program.\n \n \n(A) Purpose . The Quality of Working Life Program is a way to provide an opportunity \nfor discussion, experimentation, and improv ement of all areas of the City. It is \ndesigned to help employees better understand the function of municipal services \nand the relationship between these services and the employee's role in \nmaintaining, delivering and developing those services. Effective and efficient public service is a responsibility shared by employees and management; and increased sharing of these responsibilities will engender better public service. The City and Union incorporate by reference the Memorandum of Mutual Trust dated July 1984. \n - 18 - \n(B) QWL City-Wide Committee . A City-Wide Quality of Working Life Committee (the \n\"Committee\") is responsible for defining and interpreting the procedures used \nwithin the Quality of Working Life Program. Membership on this Committee is \nrestricted to the following: the Mayor or designee, the City’s Chief Negotiator or designee, the Director or designee of each department participating in the QWL Program, the Regional Director of AFSCME, Ohio Council 8 or designee, the President of Local 1632 or designee, the President of Local 2191 or designee, and one Union representative from each department participating in the QWL \nprogram. \n \n(C) QWL Subcommittees\n. The Committee may establish Quality of Working Life \nsubcommittees in reporting locations with bargaining unit employees. Membership on these subcommittees will conform to rules of membership \nestablished by the City-Wide QWL Committee. These subcommittees may \npropose improvements or modifications specifically confined to their reporting location. All such proposed modifications are subject to approval by the City-Wide QWL Committee. \n \n(D) Scope of QWL Program\n. Neither the Committee or any subcommittee shall have \nauthority to change or abridge the intent or spirit of contractual provisions which prevail through this Contract. Further, disputes which have been submitted through the grievance procedure shall be beyond the scope of the QWL Program. \n \nSection 7.2. Health and Safety Committee.\n \n \n(A) General . \n \n(1) There shall be a Joint Labor-Management Health and Safety Committee. \nThe Union representatives shall be selected by the Local Union \nPresident. \n \n(2) The Joint committee shall request the Occupational Safety and Health \nPrograms Administrator or the City’s Occupational Health and Safety Program to perform the following functions, as needed: \n \n(a) Make or cause to be made periodic inspections of the various \nwork locations when necessary. \n \n(b) Make recommendations for the correction of unsafe or harmful \nwork conditions and the elimination of unsafe or harmful practices. \n (c) Upon specific request, review and analyze reports of work-related \ninjury or illness, investigate causes of same, and recommend rules and procedures for the prevention of accidents and disease and for the promotion of health and safety of employees. \n \n(d) Promote health and safety education. \n \n - 19 -(e) Request that the Safety Office investigate any worker exposure to \npotentially dangerous substances, fumes, noise, dust, etc. \n \n(f) Receive in writing the identification of any potentially toxic \nsubstance to which the workers are exposed together with \nmaterial data sheets, if any, upon specific request. \n \n(3) The City shall keep minutes of all meetings and provide Union \nrepresentatives with copies. \n \n(4) The City shall pay Union members of the Committee at their regular rate \nfor all time spent on Committee business, including time spent in meetings and training. \n \n(5) The Committee may ask the advice, opinion and suggestions of experts \nand authorities on safety matters. The Committee shall have the right to call to the work location such experts and authorities, as well as International Representatives of the Union, and they shall be permitted to make such examinations, investigations and recommendations as shall \nbe reasonably connected with the purposes of the Committee. \n \n(6) The City and Union committee co-chairs are responsible for creating the \nmeeting agenda. Provided there is a specific agenda, the Committee shall meet bi-monthly, unless the parties agree to meet at different times. The agenda shall be distributed to committee members at least seven (7) \ndays prior to committee meetings. The City and Union commit to having \nthe human resources, health and safety personnel and Union officers present at committee meetings who have the information and authority to resolve agenda items. \n \n(7) Any safety emergency shall be immediately reported to Department or \nCitywide safety personnel. \n \n(B) Health and Safety.\n The safety of employees is a mutual concern of the City and \nthe Union. The Union will cooperate with the City in encouraging employees to \nobserve applicable safety rules and regulations. \n \n(1) It shall be the exclusive responsibility of the City to provide for the safety \nof its employees by providing safe work conditions, safe work areas, safe work methods and appropriate safety equipment when such equipment is required in connection with the employee's job duties. \n \n(2) The City retains the exclusive re sponsibility to provide a safe and \nhealthful work place and conditions of employment. \n (3) To the extent the Union has acquired certain participatory rights in the \npreceding subparagraphs of Section 7.2; it is not the intent of the parties \nto diminish the City's exclusive responsibility or to make the Union and/or \nits officers, agents, or representatives liable for any employee's job-related injury, illness or death. \n - 20 - \n(4) During the term of this Contract, the City may form a city-wide labor–\nmanagement committee. If such a committee is formed, Union \nmembership shall be proportionate to the membership of each respective \nparticipating bargaining unit. City members of the committee shall not exceed the total number of union members. Once such a committee is operational it shall replace the current committee. \n \n(5) Employees shall have the right and responsibility to report unsafe \nequipment and/or working conditions first to their designated person at each work location and then to a representative of the city-wide safety \noffice. \n \nSection 7.3. General Labor-Management Meetings.\n \nThe parties agree to continue the Joint Labor\\Managem ent Committee. The City agrees to meet \nwith the Union upon request to discuss matters of mutual interest relating to the employees \ncovered by this Contract. The Union shall be entitled to not more than five (5) representatives with no loss of pay to attend the meeting. Section 7.4. Insurance Committee.\n \nThe parties agree to continue the joint labor-management insurance committee to provide a \nforum to discuss concerns regarding insurance. The committee will meet when the Union or the City requests such a meeting. During the term of this Contract, the City may establish another joint labor-management insurance committee and invite members of other bargaining units to participate. If other bargaining unit representatives agree to participate then union membership \nshall be in proportion to the size of the bargaining units participating. Upon the operation of the \nnew committee, the current committee shall cease to exist. The number of City representatives on the committee shall never exceed the total number of Union representatives. \nSection 7.5. Civil Service Committee.\n \nThe Union will continue to meet with represent atives of the Civil Service Commission and the \nDirector of Human Resources or designee on a periodic basis to discuss matters of mutual \nconcern. \n \nDuring the term of this Contract the parties will meet to discuss specific proposals and concerns \nregarding transfers, layoffs, and/or promotions. Either party may bring to the bargaining table, in \nthe bargaining of a successor contract, recommendations regarding these three (3) topics. \n \nARTICLE 8 - CENTRAL WORK RULES AND PERSONNEL POLICIES \n Section 8.1. Establishing.\n \nThe City will establish and, from time to time, revise Central Work Rules and personnel policies; \nsuch rules shall not be in conflict with this Contract. Such rules and policies shall be uniformly \napplied and any work rules made by individual departments or divisions shall not be in conflict \nwith the Central Work Rules and personnel policies. \n - 21 - \nSection 8.2. Posting. \nWhen existing Central Work Rules and personnel policies are changed or new Central Work \nRules and personnel policies are established, the appropriate parties will be notified. The City \nshall furnish the Union with a copy of the changed or new rule or personnel policy at least fifteen (15) days prior to the effective date. In an emergency situation, the Union will be given immediate notice of the affected changes. The changed or new Central Work Rule or personnel policies shall be posted prominently on all bulleti n boards for a period of seven (7) consecutive \ndays before becoming effective unless an emergency situation requires Central Work Rules or \npersonnel policies to become effective immediately. \n \nSection 8.3. Notification.\n \nThe City will furnish each affected employee of the bargaining unit with a copy of all Central \nWork Rules and personnel policies within thirty (30) days after they become effective. Upon \nrequest, all Central Work Rules and personnel polic ies will be available for employees to view. \nNew employees shall be provided with a copy of the Central Work Rules and personnel policies at the time of hire. \nSection 8.4. Enforcement.\n \nEmployees shall comply with all Central Work Rules and personnel policies. Such rules and \npolicies shall be uniformly applied and uniformly enforced. \n \nSection 8.5. Grievance. \n \n(A) Any unresolved complaint as to the reasonableness of any new or revised \nCentral Work Rule or personnel policy or any complaint involving discrimination in the application of any Central Work Rules or personnel policies shall be resolved through the grievance procedure as outlined in Article 11. \n (B) If a grievance concerning the unreasonableness of a new or revised Central \nWork Rule or personnel policy results in a modification or elimination of that \nCentral Work Rule or personnel policy, the employee shall be made whole for \nany and all actions taken as a result of an infraction of that Central Work Rule or \npersonnel policy, to the extent specified in the settlement or arbitration award \ndisposing of such grievance. \n \nSection 8.6. Distribution.\n \nThe City shall maintain a mechanism for global availability of Central Work Rules and personnel policies. \nARTICLE 9 - NO DISCRIMINATION OR COERCION \n \nSection 9.1. No Discrimination (EEO). \n \n(A) In accordance with applicable law, the provisions of this Contract shall be applied \nequally to all employees in the bargaining unit without discrimination as to age, \nsex, marital status, race, color, creed, national origin, disability, sexual \n - 22 -orientation, veteran status or political affiliation. The Union shall share equally \nwith the City the responsibility for applying this provision of the Contract. \n \n(B) Sexual harassment shall be considered di scrimination under this Article. Sexual \nharassment as prohibited by this Article shall be defined and governed in \naccordance with applicable state and federal laws, and includes any unwanted sexual attention. \n \nSection 9.2. No Discrimination (Union Membership, Activity and Representation).\n \n \n(A) The City recognizes the right of all eligible employees to be free to join the Union \nand to participate in lawful concerted Union activities. Therefore, the City agrees \nthere shall be no discrimination, interference, restraint, coercion or reprisal by the \nCity against any employee as a result of Union membership or the lawful activity \nof any member acting in an official capacity on behalf of the Union. \n \n(B) The Union recognizes its responsibility as bargaining agent and agrees to \nrepresent all employees in the bargaining unit without discrimination, \ninterference, restraint, or coercion. The Union agrees not to intimidate or coerce \nany employee in an effort to recruit membership in the Union. \n \n(C) In filling job vacancies, the City agrees that any Union members appearing on a \nproperly certified Civil Service Commission eligible list shall not be discriminated against as a result of such Union affiliation. \n Section 9.3. No Discrimination (Application of Contract and Work Rules).\n \nThe City will not discriminate among employees in the bargaining unit in the application of the \nterms of this Contract or in the application of City work rules. \n \nARTICLE 10 - DISCIPLINARY PROCEDURE \n Section 10.1. Investigation.\n \n \n(A) When an Appointing Authority or designee acquires knowledge which may lead \nto disciplinary action against an employee or employees, the Appointing Authority or designee shall begin an investigation as soon as possible. The Appointing \nAuthority or designee shall investigate all complaints against employees, whether \ncomplainant is identified or anonymous. \n (B) The investigation shall be thorough and complete, and may include, but is not \nlimited to, interviewing possible witnesses, including other bargaining unit \nmembers, and locating and researching any relevant documents. Any employee \nwho may be a focus of the investigation may be interviewed as part of the \ninvestigatory process, in which event he/she may, upon request, have a Union \nrepresentative present during that interview. If a Union representative is not available, and the employee desires a Union representative be present, the \n - 23 -interview will be rescheduled within a reasonable period of time to permit the \nUnion to be present. Interviews will be conducted in private. \n \n(C) The investigation must be concluded within a reasonable length of time, not to \nexceed thirty (30) days, except for those situations set forth in Section 10.8. \n (D) Investigatory interviews or meetings conducted by the Internal Affairs Bureau and \nthe Division of Police will be subject to tape recording. \n \nSection 10.2. Notice to Union After Completion of Investigation.\n \nAfter the investigation has been completed, the Appointing Authority or designee will notify the Union of the results of the investigation. This notice shall be provided on a form agreed upon by \nthe parties, notifying the Union of one of the following results: \n \n(A) Counseling, which may be oral or written, is not considered disciplinary action; or \n (B) Issuance of an oral reprimand; or \n \n(C) Issuance of a written reprimand; or \n \n(D) Notice that the Appointing Authority intends to bring disciplinary charges against \nthe affected employee(s); or \n \n(E) Notice that the Appointing Authority intends to end the investigation with no \nfurther action. \n Said notice shall be provided to the Union as soon as practicable, but no later than thirty (30) days after the Appointing Authority or designee gained knowledge of alleged misconduct by any employee, or at the conclusion of a criminal investigation or investigation of other allegations that local, state, or federal laws or executive orders of the Mayor, have been violated, or at the \nconclusion of criminal proceedings if crimi nal charges are filed against the employee. \n \nThe Notice of Results of Investigation (i.e., Summary of Investigation) shall contain the facts surrounding the incident that was investigated. \n Section 10.3. Service of Disciplinary Actions.\n \n \n(A) If, disciplinary charges are brought against any employee after the investigation \nhas been completed, they shall be furnished to the employee in writing on a form agreed upon by the City and the Union and signed by the Appointing Authority or designee within ten (10) days after notice to the Union that the investigation has \nbeen completed. A copy of such form shall be given to the Union President ten \n(10) days prior to the hearing. Failure to provide a timely notice to the President shall not result in the charges being dismissed. The Union shall be notified of the \ntime and location of the hearing on the disciplinary charges and shall have the \nright to attend said hearing for the purpose of representing the employee and/or to protect the integrity of this Contract. \n \n(B) Oral and written reprimands, signed by the Appointing Authority or designee, \nshall be furnished to the employee in writing on a form agreed upon by the City \n - 24 -and the Union within ten (10) days after notice to the Union that the investigation \nhas been completed. (See Appendix D.) \n \n(C) When reasonable, the Appointing Authority or designee will serve disciplinary \ncharges to the employee by personal se rvice. If the employee cannot reasonably \nbe served in person, the Appointing Authority or designee may serve disciplinary charges by regular U.S. mail and certified mail to the last home address furnished by the employee(s) to the Appointing Authority or designee. \n \n(D) Mail service shall be deemed complete three (3) days after mailing the \ndisciplinary charges or reprimand to the employee’s home address. \n \nSection 10.4. Hearing on Disciplinary Charges.\n \n \n(A) A hearing on the merits of the disciplinary charges shall be conducted by the \nDirector of the Department of Human Resources or designee within thirty (30) \ndays from the delivery of the charges to the employee. All hearings will be \nconducted in a fair manner, and the designated hearing officer will not assume the role of prosecutor in disciplinary hearings. \n \n(B) If an Appointing Authority or designee brings disciplinary charges against an \nemployee as a result of an investigation prompted by a complaint, the complainant will be called to testify at the hearing if reasonably possible, unless there is sufficient independent evidence to prove the charges by a \npreponderance. \n \n(C) The results of said hearing shall be in writing and given to the employee, with a \ncopy sent to the Union President, within twenty (20) days of the hearing. \n \n(D) For purposes of Article 10, disciplinary action which may be taken as a result of a \ndisciplinary hearing may be an oral reprimand, a written reprimand, suspension \nand/or demotion or termination. Discipline shall be commensurate and progressive. Discipline shall be only for just cause. \n (E) The City and the Union shall each be granted one (1) continuance of the \nscheduled disciplinary hearing, if requested not less than one (1) work day prior \nto the hearing. Additional continuances may be granted by mutual consent \nbetween the Director of Human Resources or designee and the Union President or his designee in writing. Continuances shall not be unreasonably withheld. Thereafter, the City may order an employee to attend a disciplinary hearing, and if the employee refuses, the City may hold the hearing in the employee’s \nabsence. \n \nSection 10.5. Disciplinary Grievances.\n \nIf the Union is not satisfied with the results of the hearing, the Union may appeal this determination to Step 2 of the grievance procedure, together with any alleged violations of administrative procedures and time limits set forth in this Article. The Step 2 grievance meeting \nshall be a meeting\n not a hearing; it is not the purpose of the Step 2 grievance meeting in \ndiscipline cases to conduct a new review of the evidence and testimony, but rather to review the case based on information and evidence developed through the disciplinary hearing conducted \n - 25 -pursuant to Section 10.4. Only evidence and/or information that was not available at the time of \ndisciplinary hearing will be independently reviewed. Section 10.6. Leave Forfeiture or Fine In Lieu of Suspension.\n \nThe designated hearing officer, after having found an employee guilty of one or more of the disciplinary charges, may make a recommendation as to the appropriate level of discipline. Should this recommendation be a suspension, the Hearing Officer may make a written offer to the employee that the employee forfeit up to one hundred twenty (120) hours of accrued vacation or compensatory time, provided t he employee has sufficient vacation and/or \ncompensatory time balances at the time the offer is made. Fines in an amount of one (1) to three (3) days only for violations of Central Work Rule number 5 (Attendance) or any future Central Work Rule addressing attendance may be offered by the Hearing Officer. If the employee agrees to the fine or forfeiture, such accrued leave shall be one (1) hour of accrued leave or fine for each one (1) hour of the proposed suspension. Accepting a fine or the type of \nleave (vacation or compensatory time) shall be the employee’s choice. The fine or forfeiture of \nthe leave shall constitute corrective/disciplinary action of record, shall be accordingly noted in \nthe employee’s personnel file, and shall constitute the final resolution of the departmental charges, which resolution shall not later be subject to challenge by the employee or the Union under the grievance procedure or in any other forum. If the employee chooses to accept the \nHearing Officer's written offer, the Hearing Officer shall acknowledge the employee's \nacceptance of the offer in writing. Should the Hearing Officer choose not to offer this option or should the employee reject the offer, appropriate disciplinary action shall be imposed. \nSection 10.7. Length of Time Prior Discipline May Be Considered.\n \nOral reprimands may be considered in connection with subsequent disciplinary action for a \nperiod of one (1) year. Written reprimands may be considered in connection with subsequent \ndisciplinary action for two (2) years. Any other form of disciplinary action may be considered in connection with subsequent disciplinary action for a period of three (3) years. After the expiration of the periods specified above, such disciplinary action shall not be used as a basis for any further disciplinary action. Section 10.8. Exceptions/Extensions To Time Deadlines.\n \n \n(A) If an investigation requires more time to complete, the parties may agree to \nextend the time period. Such extensions shall not be unreasonably withheld by the Union. \n (B) The time constraint provisions of this Article shall not be applicable when actions of a criminal or conspiracy nature or when alleged violations of other local, state \nor federal laws, or Mayor’s executive orders, warrants extensive investigation, or upon mutual consent of the parties. \n \n(C) If an employee is off duty on approved or unapproved leave, the time limits for \ninvestigation, delivery of charges, hearing and results of hearing shall automatically be tolled. The parties may agree to extend any of the time lines in Article 10. \n \n - 26 -ARTICLE 11 - GRIEVANCE AND ARBITRATION PROCEDURES \n \nSection 11.1. Definition and Purpose. \n \n(A) The prompt presentation, adjustment and/or answering of grievances is in the \ninterest of sound relations between employees and the City. The prompt and fair \ndisposition of grievances involves important and equal obligations and responsibilities on the part of representatives of each party to protect and preserve the grievance procedure as an or derly means of resolving grievances. \n \n(B) A \"grievance\" is defined as a complaint arising under and during the term of this \nContract raised by an employee or the Union against the City alleging that there has been a violation, misinterpretation or misapplication of an express written \nprovision of this Contract. \n \n(C) A grievance classified as a “class action grievance” must contain the following, in \naddition to the requirements of Section 11.4: \n \n(1) A community of interest shared by two or more employees; and \n \n(2) The classification of grieving employees; and \n \n (3) The identity of who will represent the grievants at hearings, \n \n(D) Counseling is not grievable. Oral reprimands shall be grievable through Step 1. \nWritten reprimands issued by an appointing authority or designee shall be grievable beginning at Step 1 through Step 2. \n \nSection 11.2. Who May File A Grievance, Exclusivity of Remedy.\n \nGrievances can be initiated by the Union or an aggrieved employee, except as otherwise \nprovided in this Contract (see Section 11.8(A) for special rules on disciplinary grievances). Except as may be specifically provided elsew here in this Contract, the grievance procedure \nshall be the exclusive remedy available to the Union and to employees to redress alleged violations of this Contract. Nothing in this Grievance and Arbitration Procedure shall deny members any rights available at law to achieve redress of their legal rights, including the right of \nredress in another forum. However, once a member elects to seek redress in another forum, \nthe member is thereafter denied the right to file or proceed further through the steps of the Grievance and Arbitration Procedure. Further, any relief obtained by the member under this Contract shall be rescinded and shall not continue to be performed or provided to the extent that \nthe results achieved by the member in another forum is either inconsistent with the result \nachieved under this Contract or is cumulative and redundant of the result achieved under this \nContract. \n - 27 - \nSection 11.3. Time Limits. \n \n(A) A grievance must be filed in writing within fourteen (14) days after the occurrence \nof the first event giving rise to the grievance, or within fourteen (14) days after the \nUnion or the affected employee(s), through the use of reasonable diligence, could have known of the first event giving rise to the grievance. If a grievance is not presented within this fourteen (14) day filing deadline, it will be considered \"waived\" and may not be pursued further by the aggrieved employee(s) or the \nUnion. \n \n(B) If a grievance is not appealed to the next st ep within the specified time limit or an \nagreed extension thereof, it shall be considered settled on the basis of the Step 1 \nanswer. Failure at any step of this procedure to hold a hearing or meeting or \ncommunicate a decision on a grievance within the specified time limits shall \npermit the aggrieved party to treat the grievance as denied and to proceed immediately to the next step. \n (C) The time limits prescribed in the following steps in this Article may be extended at \nany time by mutual consent of the parties involved. Similarly, any step in the grievance procedure may be eliminated by mutual consent. Mutual consent must be indicated in writing and signed by both parties involved. Unless otherwise stated, days as specified herein shall be calendar days. \n Section 11.4. Specificity Required in Written Grievances and Limitations on Expanding \nthe Scope of a Grievance. \nThe written grievance shall specify the section or sections of this Contract that are allegedly violated, misinterpreted or misapplied; a detailed statement of the full facts on which the grievance is based; the specific relief requested; the name(s) of the aggrieved employee(s) and their position(s); the name of the lowest-level non-AFSCME supervisor(s) of the aggrieved \nemployee(s); the date the grievance was filed; and the signatures of the aggrieved employee(s) \nand any union official assisting in the preparation of the grievance. After a grievance is filed, the employee or the Union may amend the grievance to clarify the relevant facts and circumstances \nor to correct clerical errors no later than with the Step 2 filing, but may not amend the grievance to assert new claims, contract violations or to expand the scope of the relief sought without the express written consent of the Director of the Department of Human Resources or designee. \n \nSection 11.5. Grievance and Arbitration.\n \nThe following are steps that shall be followed in the processing of a grievance, and the parties \nwill act in good faith to limit the number of people present at each hearing. \n(A) Step 1.\n A grievance shall be filed in writing (within the time limits and in the form \nspecified in Sections 11.3 and 11.4) with the aggrieved employee's Appointing Authority or designee. The Appointing Authority or designee shall hold a hearing with the employee and the Chief Steward (or Local Union Vice-President in his/her absence) within seven (7) days after receipt of the grievance. The Appointing Authority or designee shall give a written answer, after review by the \nAppointing Authority’s office, to the employee and the Chief Steward (or Local \nUnion Vice-President in his/her absence) within fifteen (15) days after the hearing. If the Union does not refer the grievance to Step 2 of the procedure \n - 28 -within seven (7) days after receipt of the decision rendered in this Step, the \ngrievance shall be considered to be satisfactorily resolved. \n \n(B) Step 2 . (1) Step 2 Hearings for Non-Disciplinary Grievances . If the grievance is \nnot satisfactorily settled at Step 1, the Union may, within seven (7) days after \nreceipt of the Step 1 answer or within seven (7) days of when the Step 1 answer was due, appeal the grievance to the Director of the Department of Human Resources or designee. The Director of the Department of Human Resources or designee shall hold a hearing with appropriate representatives of the grievant’s \ndepartment and the employee, the Chief Steward, the Local Union President or \nthe Vice-President, and/or a representative of Ohio Council 8 within ten (10) days after receipt of the grievance. The Director of the Department of Human Resources or designee, after consultation with the Appointing Authority or \ndesignee, shall give a written answer to the employee and the Local Union \nPresident within ten (10) days after the Step 2 hearing. \n \nStep 2.\n (2) Step 2 Meetings for Disciplinary Grievances . In disciplinary cases \n(except for oral and written reprimands issued by a department), a grievance \nmust be filed at Step 2 by the Union within fourteen (14) days of the Hearing Officer’s decision issued pursuant to Section 10.4 of this Contract. The Director \nof the Department of Human Resources or designee and appropriate representatives of the grievant’s department shall hold a meeting with the employee, the Chief Steward, the Local Union President or the Vice-President, and/or a representative of Ohio Council 8 within ten (10) days after receipt of the grievance. The hearing officer conducting the Step 2 disciplinary grievance \nmeeting shall not be the same hearing officer who conducted the disciplinary \nhearing pursuant to Section 10.4. The review of disciplinary cases at Step 2 shall \nbe a meeting\n to review the case, not a hearing. The Director of the Department of \nHuman Resources or designee, after consultation with the Appointing Authority \nor designee, shall give a written answer to the employee and the Local Union \nPresident within ten (10) days after the Step 2 meeting. \n \n(C) Step 3 . \n \n(1) If the grievance is not satisfactorily settled at Step 2, the Union may, \nwithin thirty (30) days after receipt of the Step 2 answer or within thirty \n(30) days of when the Step 2 answer was due, submit the issue to \narbitration. The Union shall notify the Director of the Department of Human Resources or designee of its intent to submit the grievance to arbitration. \n \n(2) A permanent panel of five (5) arbitrators and three (3) alternates will be \nselected by the parties. An arbitrator shall be selected from the panel to \nhear grievances through random drawi ng. For all grievances filed after \nthe effective date of this Contract, an arbitrator shall be selected within \n365 days of the Union’s notice of intent to submit the matter to arbitration \nor the grievance will be waived. The parties may extend the Union’s \ndeadline to select an arbitrator by mutual consent in writing. \nContinuances shall not be unreasonably withheld. Once selected, the \n - 29 -arbitrator’s name will no longer be available for selection until all \nremaining arbitrators on the panel have been selected. \n \n(3) The arbitrator shall be notified of his/her selection by a joint letter from the \nDirector of the Department of Human Resources or designee and the \nUnion requesting that he/she set a date and time for the hearing subject to the availability of the City and Union representatives, provided that the hearing must be held within thirty (30) calendar days following the selection of the arbitrator. If the selected arbitrator is unable to schedule \nthe hearing within the thirty (30) day period, the parties may select \nanother arbitrator. \n \n(4) After all arbitrators on the panel have been selected once, the above \nprocess regarding random drawing will be repeated. \n (5) The parties may mutually agree to remove an arbitrator from the panel \nafter he/she has issued at least one decision. \n \n(6) All arbitrations shall be held in the City of Columbus, Ohio. The fees and \nexpenses of the arbitrator shall be borne equally by the City and the Union. The arbitrator's decision shall be rendered within thirty (30) days after the close of the hearing or the submission of post-hearing briefs by the parties, whichever occurs later. \n \n(D) The arbitrator shall have no right to amend, modify, nullify, ignore, add to, or \nsubtract from the provisions of this Agreement. The arbitrator shall consider and decide only the question of whether there has been a violation, misinterpretation or misapplication of the specific provisions of this Contract based on the specific issue submitted to the arbitrator by the parties in writing. If no joint written stipulation of the issue is agreed to by the Union and the City, the arbitrator shall \nbe empowered to determine and decide the is sue raised by the grievance as \nsubmitted in writing at Step 1. The arbitrator shall be without power to make \nrecommendations contrary to or inconsistent with any applicable laws or rules and regulations of administrative bodies that have the force and effect of law. \nThe arbitrator shall not in any way limit or interfere with the powers, duties and \nresponsibilities of the City under law and applicable court decisions. The decision \nof the arbitrator, if made in accordance with the jurisdiction and authority granted \nto the arbitrator pursuant to this Contract, will be accepted as final by the City, the Union and the employee(s), and all parties will abide by it. \n (E) Grievance settlements reached at Step 1, shall be in writing, shall have a limited \napplication to the area of responsibility of the Appointing Authority and not precedent setting for the City. Grievance settlements reached at Steps 2 and 3 by the Union and the City shall be in writing, and shall be final, conclusive, and binding on the City, the Union, and the employees. \n \n(F) A grievance may be withdrawn by the Union at any time from the grievance \nprocedure, and the withdrawal of any grievance shall not be prejudicial to the positions taken by the parties as they related to that grievance or any other grievances. \n - 30 - \nSection 11.6. Persons with Responsibilities Under the Grievance Procedure and Scope \nof Authority. \nThe Union shall maintain a current list of Union officers, Chief Stewards and Stewards listed by \ndepartments and divisions. This list shall be furnished to the Director of the Department of Human Resources or designee together with revisions as changes occur. Persons whose names are not on this list shall not be recognized as officials of the Union for the purpose of this \nArticle. Furthermore, the City emphasizes that all non-AFSCME supervisors have the responsibility for adjudicating grievances pursuant to the provisions of this Article. If requested \nto do so by the Union, the City shall provide a list of first-line non-AFSCME supervisors. Such responsibility shall prevail only over those employees assigned to that non-AFSCME supervisor. No employee in the bargaining unit shall have any authority to settle or respond to a grievance on behalf of the City. \n \nSection 11.7. Time Off For Presenting Grievances.\n \n \n(A) An employee and his/her Chief Steward or other Union representative authorized \nto act in the place of the Chief Steward as provided in Article 6 (Floating Chief \nSteward, Union President or Vice President) shall be allowed time off from \nregular duties with pay for attendance at scheduled hearings and meetings under \nthe grievance procedure with proper notification to their respective supervisors. Employees must provide their own trans portation unless otherwise approved by \ntheir supervisor. The appropriate Union representative as provided in Article 6 shall have adequate time with pay for a proper investigation of each grievance as provided in Article 6. \n \n(B) The aggrieved employee and any necessary witnesses shall not lose any regular \nstraight-time pay for time off the job while attending a grievance hearing, meeting or an arbitration hearing. \n \nSection 11.8. Specific Types of Grievances.\n \n \n(A) Disciplinary Grievances . The right of any employee to file an appeal pursuant to \nSection 149-1 of the City Charter is specifically waived. If an employee or the \nUnion elects to challenge disciplinary action under the grievance procedure, the grievance must be filed at Step 2. \n (B) Grievances with City-Wide Application\n. A grievance with city-wide application \n(i.e., involving a matter or issue of repetitive or general application) that may affect bargaining unit employees in different divisions and departments shall be brought directly to Step 2. Once a grievance on a matter or issue of repetitive or \ngeneral application has been resolved by the parties on the merits (i.e., by a \nmutually agreed upon written settlement or an arbitration award on the merits), the Union will not advance to arbitration any further grievances on that particular matter or issue, unless the prior settlement or award is being violated. \n \nNo grievance settlement requiring the payment of money outside the routine \npayroll operations shall be considered to be authorized by or binding upon the \nCity unless the settlement is authorized by the City Attorney’s office. \n \n - 31 -(C) Grievances Involving Withholding of Terminal Pay . A grievance involving a claim \nthat the City has improperly withheld money allegedly owed to the City by the \nemployee from the employee's final pay (w hether it be a final paycheck, vacation \npay, pay for sick leave bank or other terminal pay) shall be filed directly at Step 2 of the grievance procedure. \n \n(D) A grievance classified, as a “class action grievance” must contain the following in \naddition to the requirements of Section 11.4: \n \n(1) A community of interest shared by two or more employees; and \n(2) The classification of grieving employees; and \n \n \n(3) The identity of who will represent the grievants at hearings. \n \n(E) Advance Step Filing - Summary\n. The following is a summary of grievances to be \nfiled initially at Step 2 of the grievance procedure: \n \n(1) A grievance with city-wide application as provided in Section 11.8(B) \nabove. \n \n(2) A grievance involving the withholdi ng of money from terminal pay as \nprovided in Section 11.8(C) above. \n (3) A grievance involving allegedly dangerous or unhealthful working \nconditions as provided in Section 12.1(D). \n \n(4) A grievance involving a disciplinary appeal as provided in Section 10.4 \nand Section 11.8(A) above. \n \n(5) A grievance involving alleged failure of the City to follow the procedural \nprovisions set forth in the Injury Leave Article as provided in Section 22.6. \n \n(6) A grievance alleging that a permanent or temporary change to work \nschedules or shifts is not reasonably related to operational needs as \nprovided in Section 16.2(A) and (D), respectively. \n \n(F) Filing of Other Grievances. All other grievances must follow the entire grievance \nprocedure as set forth in this Article 11, unless the parties mutually agree otherwise in writing for a specific case. \n Section 11.9. Use of Mediation.\n \nThe parties acknowledge that they have used mediation processes in the past to expeditiously resolve backlogs of grievances pending Step 3 (arbitration) proceedings. The parties agree that they may utilize the services of a mediator in the future to resolve pending grievances and written reprimands that have been grieved through Step 2. The use of a mediator for such \npurposes shall be by mutual agreement of the parties as to an identified grievance or \ngrievances and according to procedures mutually agreed to in writing in advance of the \n - 32 -mediation process. The Union and City shall meet periodically to attempt to resolve matters \nprior to mediation or arbitration. \n \nARTICLE 12 - NO STRIKE OR LOCKOUT \n Section 12.1. No Strike.\n \n \n(A) The services performed by the City employees included in this Contract are \nessential to the public's health, safety and welfare. The Union, therefore, agrees \nthat it will not authorize, instigate, aid, condone or engage in any strike, work \nstoppage or other action at any time, which will interrupt or interfere with the operation of the City. No employee represented by the Union shall cause or take part in any strike, work stoppage, slowdown or other action, which will interrupt or \ninterfere with the operation of the City. \n (B) In the event of a violation of this Article, the Union agrees to take affirmative \nsteps with the employees concerned such as letters, bulletins, telegrams, and \nemployees' meetings to bring about an immediate resumption of normal work. \n \n(C) A \"strike\" means concerted action in failing to report to duty; willful absence from \none's position; stoppage of work; slowdown or abstinence in whole or in part from \nthe full, faithful, and proper performance of the duties of employment for the purpose of inducing, influencing or coercing a change in wages, hours or other terms and conditions of employment. \n \n(D) Stoppage of work by employees in good faith because of dangerous or \nunhealthful working conditions at the place of employment which are abnormal to the place of employment shall not be deemed a strike. The Union or an employee may file a grievance at Step 2 for immediate review in the event of a dispute over dangerous or unhealthful working conditions. \n \nSection 12.2. Discipline of Strikers.\n \nSubject to the protections provided to employ ees under Section 12.1(D), any or all employees \nwho violate any of the provisions of this Arti cle may be discharged or otherwise disciplined by \nthe City. The failure to confer a penalty in any inst ance is not a waiver of such right in any other \ninstance nor is it a precedent. \n Section 12.3. No Lockout.\n \nThe City agrees that it will neither lockout em ployees nor will it do anything to provoke \ninterruptions or prevent such continuity of performance by said employees insofar as such \nperformance is required in the normal and usual operation of City services. \n \nSection 12.4. Judicial Relief. \nNothing contained herein shall preclude the City from obtaining a temporary restraining order, \ndamages or other judicial relief in the event the Union or any employees covered by this \nContract violate any provision of this Article 12. \n - 33 -ARTICLE 13 - SENIORITY \n \nSection 13.1. Seniority of Probationary Employees. \nNew hires shall have no seniority during their probationary period of employment, but after \ncompletion of their probationary period their seniority date shall be the date of hire used to \ncompute their probationary period. \n \nSection 13.2. Accumulation of Seniority While Disabled. \nAn employee who remains in paid status but is unable to work because of a job- or non-job-\nrelated injury or illness shall accumulate seniority. After ninety (90) days, the City shall conduct \na hearing to determine the employee's ability to perform the essential functions of his/her \nclassification. \nSection 13.3. Role of Seniority in Filling Vacancies in Position Assignments within a \nDivision. \nWhen a vacancy in a job classification occurs within a division, the vacancy shall be filled from \namong employees in that job classification in that division as set forth below: \n \n(A) Position Assignments without Specialized Qualifications . Where the vacancy is a \nposition without specialized qualifications and employees want to switch shifts, \nreporting locations or work schedules (i.e., different days off or different regular \nhours), classification seniority shall determine the filling of vacancies within the \ndivision. \n (B) Position Assignments with Specialized Qualifications\n. Vacancies within a \ndivision, where the particular job assignment requires specialized qualifications that are not shared by all employees in the job classification, shall be filled on the \nbasis of management’s evaluation of the specialized qualifications that \ncorrespond to the requirements, responsibilities and duties of the position as described by the division and associated specialized knowledge, skills, and abilities. Provided all of the above factors are equal, classification seniority shall determine which applicant is given the position in question. The Union may \ngrieve the City’s determination that a particular job assignment or position \nrequires specialized qualifications. \n \nThe term \"vacancy\" is defined as a position to be filled, as determined by management, that results from one of the following circumstances: \n(1) An employee has separated from a position and the Appointing Authority \nhas decided to fill the position; \n (2) An increase in the total number of positions in the class; \n(3) A reallocation of a position as approved by the Civil Service Commission; \nor \n \n - 34 -(4) An increase in the total number of positions in a class on a specific shift \nor reporting location. \n \nThe term \"Division\" is defined as the Appropriation Unit for budgetary purposes. \n An employee may exercise his/her classification seniority rights no more than once within a ninety (90) day period under this Section 13.3. This only applies to the employee granted the position. Section 13.4. Seniority List.\n \nThe City will provide the Union with a seniority list of all employees of the bargaining unit upon request. Seniority lists shall contain the name, job classification, division, and date of classification entry of all employees of the bargain ing unit. The City shall meet with the Union to \nreview the seniority list whenever necessary to correct any errors. Section 13.5. Seniority in Merged Job Classifications.\n \nThe classification seniority of employees in classifications which are merged by the Civil Service Commission shall be determined as provided herein. Where an employee has prior seniority in any of the merged classifications, the employee' s new classification seniority date shall be a \ncombination of the total time spent in each of the merged classifications. \nARTICLE 14 - TEMPORARY ASSIGNMENTS \n \nSection 14.1. Transitional Return to Work. \nThe City agrees to make reasonable efforts to provide transitional return to work assignments \nfor all employees who have sustained an occupational injury or illness or a \nreoccurrence/exacerbation of a preexisting condition or, in some cases, are returning from short-term disability leave. This Section 14.1 is not to be construed as requiring the assignment \nof transitional return to work in any case, but only that reasonable efforts to do so will be made. This will be done in accordance with the following: \n \n(A) During the time an employee is in a transitional return to work program, the \nemployee will be assigned duties which the employee is capable of performing \nbased upon the recommendation of the em ployee’s attending physician. Such \nassignment shall not exceed ninety (90) days. Duties will be reviewed not less \nthan every thirty (30) days and may be discontinued at any time. \n \n(B) Upon request of the City employees must participate in the transitional return to \nwork program unless precluded from parti cipation by their attending physician. \n \n(C) A transitional return to work assignment may be to a classification in a lower pay \nrange and the employee’s regular hourly rate of pay will not be reduced. \n \n(D) The terms of the transitional return to work arrangements shall be reduced to \nwriting including the instructions of the employee’s attending physician. \n - 35 - \nSection 14.2. Assignments to Work Out of Classification. \n \n(A) A temporary change of duty assignment is defined as any given situation wherein \nan employee is required to perform work outside his/her regular job duties above \nor below his/her normal duties. \n \n(B) Employees shall be selected for both regular and overtime temporary duty \nassignments based upon their dependability and ability to perform the work of the \njob to which they will be temporarily assigned. Where ability and dependability \nare relatively equal, then seniority within the job classification shall control. \n \n(C) Employees who are temporarily assigned duties of a classification assigned a \nlower wage rate shall retain their classification and current rate of pay. The \nprovision regarding compensation for temporary change of duty assignments is \nfound in Section 26.7. \n \n(D) Employees who receive a temporary assi gnment of this nature shall continue to \naccrue seniority within their current classification. \n \n(E) A temporary assignment to fill a permanent vacancy shall not exceed one \nhundred twenty (120) days. \n \nARTICLE 15 - LAYOFFS \n Section 15.1. Responsibility.\n \nThe Civil Service Commission is responsible for the establishment and enforcement of the rules governing layoffs, except as amended in this Article. Both the City and the Union agree to strictly adhere to the rules in effect since April 1, 2002, as follows or as may be amended by the provisions set forth in this Contract. \n \nSection 15.2. Notice to the Commission.\n \nWhenever it becomes necessary because of a material change in duties, a reorganization or a \nshortage of work or funds, to reduce the number of full-time employees in any department of the City, the Appointing Authority shall file a notice with the Civil Service Commission at least thirty (30) days prior to the expected day of the layoff specifying the class(es) in which the layoff is to \noccur and the number of employees to be laid off in each class. \n \nSection 15.3. Certification of Layoff.\n \nThe Civil Service Commission shall certify to the Appointing Authority the names of those full-\ntime employees to be laid off as determined by Civil Service Commission Rules, and the \nprocedures approved by the Commission Execut ive Secretary except as amended by the \nprocedures set forth in this Article. Layoffs shall be by class and based on seniority, but in \naccordance with status and appointment type using the following categories: \n \n(A) Temporary or Seasonal employees (B) Provisional full-time probationary employees \n(C) Provisional full-time non-probationary employees \n - 36 -(D) Permanent full-time probationary employees \n(E) Permanent full-time non-probationary employees \n \nEmployees in the category at the top of the list are to be laid-off first. No employees from a \nhigher category can be laid-off until all employees in the lower categories have been laid-off. The Appointing Authority shall notify any laid-off employee(s) at least thirty (30) days prior to the effective date of the lay off. \nSection 15.4. Bumping.\n \nA laid-off employee may have bumping rights within the same class to another division within \nthe same department, to a lower class within the same class series or to a class in the same job family in which he/she previously served and for which he/she is qualified. No laid-off employee \nmay bump another employee in accordance with t he provisions of this section, unless he/she \nhas more seniority and is in the same or a higher category as listed in Section 15.3 above. A \nbumped employee has the same bumping rights as a laid-off employee. \n Non-bargaining unit employees shall have no bumping rights into an AFSCME bargaining unit \nclassification(s). \n \n(A) Same class\n. A laid-off full-time employee in a division shall have bumping rights \nwithin the same class against the least senior full-time employee in the \ndepartment in the order set forth in Section 15.3 above. \n (B) Class series\n. If an employee has no opportunity to bump within the same class, \nthen such employee shall have bumping rights within his/her division (if none, \nthen within the department) against the least senior full-time employee holding a \nposition in the next lower class within the series. If no bumping opportunity is afforded, the same right shall extend to the next and each lower class until the class series is exhausted. \n \n(C) Job family\n. If an employee has no bumping opportunity within the class series, \nthen such employee shall have bumping rights within his/her division (if none, then within the department) against the least senior full-time employee holding a position in a lower class in the same job family if the laid-off employee previously served in the class and if he/she is presently qualified; however, no such bump may occur in the presence of an appropriate competitive eligible list unless, in \naccordance with Civil Service Commission Rules, the laid-off employee will have \npermanent status in the previous class. A \"lower class\" for purposes of this \nSubsection means any class which has a maximum rate of pay lower than the minimum rate of pay for the class of the laid-off employee. \n \n(D) Part-time\n. In the event the laid-off employee has no bumping rights to a full-time \nposition under (A), (B) or (C) above, then such employee shall have bumping rights within the same class against the least senior part-time employee within the division, or if none, within the department. \n \nSection 15.5. Eligible List Reinstatement.\n \nThe names of any laid-off permanent employees shall be placed at the top of the appropriate \ncompetitive eligible list, as provided in Civil Service Commission Rule VIII(C)(3), in order of \nseniority, and shall be certified for appointment in any department in accordance with Civil \n - 37 -Service Commission Rules when an Appointing Authority has a vacancy to fill. If the eligible \nemployee at the top of the list was laid-off from that department, that person shall be appointed. \n \nSection 15.6. Recall. \nThe names of any laid-off provisional employees or employees in noncompetitive classifications \nshall be placed on the appropriate recall list, in order of seniority, for a period of twenty-four (24) \nmonths. In the event that a vacancy in a department is to be filled in a class for which a recall list exists, then the appointment shall be made of the individual highest on the list who was laid-off from that department. Otherwise, appointment may be made as provided elsewhere by Civil \nService Commission Rules. No recall list shall remain in effect after an eligible list for the class \nhas been established. \nSection 15.7. Limited Positions.\n \nNotwithstanding the other provisions of this Article, if a limited position is to be eliminated and \nthe employee in the position was appointed subject to the availability of work or funding, then \nthat employee shall be terminated in accordance with Civil Service Commission Rule X(F)(1). A limited employee who is bumped shall have the same bumping rights as other employees. \n \nARTICLE 16 - HOURS OF WORK AND OVERTIME \n \nSection 16.1. Normal Workweek and Workday. \n \n(A) Non-24 Hour Operations . The normal workweek for full-time employees shall be \nforty (40) hours of work in five (5) consecutive eight (8) hour shifts, exclusive of \nthe time allotted for lunch periods. \n \n(B) 24-Hour Operations . In twenty-four (24) hour operations or where there is a \ncontinuous seven (7) day-a-week operation, made necessary because of the nature of the work, the normal workweek for full-time employees shall be forty (40) hours of work in five (5) consecutive days of eight (8) consecutive hours \neach day. \n \n(C) Refuse Collection Division. \n For the classifications of Refuse Collector, Refuse \nCollection Vehicle Operator (Automated), Refuse Collector and Vehicle Operator (Manual), Refuse Collector and Packer Operator and Refuse Collection Supervisor only in the Division of Refuse Collection, the normal workweek for full-\ntime employees shall consist of five (5) consecutive days of eight (8) hours per \nday with no lunch break. \n Section 16.2. Changes in Normal Workweek and Workday.\n \n \n(A) Permanent Changes to Normal Workweek and Workday . \n \n(1) In situations where the City believes that alternate or flexible work \nschedules, different from those set forth in Section 16.1 above, are needed for operational efficiency and effectiveness, the City will give the Union President and Chief Steward for the Department (where applicable) \n - 38 -written notice of the proposed work schedule and a list of those job \nclassification(s)/position assignment(s) affected at least fourteen (14) days in advance of any proposed change(s). If the Union wants to bargain \nabout the proposed change(s), one representative from the City's Labor \nRelations Section and two representatives from the Department involved shall meet with the Union President, Regional Director or designee and Chief Steward in the affected Department (where applicable), to negotiate the proposed schedule changes as well as the impact of such change(s) on matters such as holidays, sick leave, vacation leave, etc. In the \nabsence of an agreement being reached within the fourteen (14)-day \nperiod, the City may, at the end of the fourteen (14)-day period, \nimplement its proposed work schedule. \n \n(2) The Union may file a grievance at Step 2 of the grievance procedure if it \nbelieves the schedule change is not reasonably related to operational \nneeds. If an arbitrator finds in favor of the Union in such a grievance, the remedy shall be limited to directing the City to prospectively restore the pre-existing work schedule pending further negotiations and/or agreement on a different schedule. \n \n(3) The process set forth in this Section 16.2(A) applies only to changes in \nwork schedules or shifts that are of a permanent nature. \"Permanent nature\" is defined for purposes of this Section 16.2 to be periods of ninety (90) days or longer. No changes shall be made to work schedules or shifts unless they are of a permanent nature, except as provided \nelsewhere in this Article 16. \n \n(4) Employees affected by any changes in work schedules or shifts as a \nresult of the process set forth in this Section 16.2(A) shall be given fourteen (14) days prior notice of a permanent work schedule or shift \nchange. Reassignment of employees to new or revised work schedules or \nshifts established as a result of the process set forth in this Section 16.2(A) shall be done in accordance with Article 13 (Seniority). \n \n(B) Establishing an Alternate Work Schedule for a Vacancy\n. When a vacancy occurs, \nthe City may, before filling the vacancy, decide to establish an alternate work \nschedule for the vacant position without following the procedures set forth in \nSection 16.2(A). When this occurs, the City may hire a new employee or transfer a current employee, pursuant to Article 13, on the condition they accept the alternate work schedule as a condition of employment or as a condition of accepting transfer into the vacancy. \n (C) Temporary Change In Shift Assignment\n. When any full-time employee is \nscheduled for a shift other than that to which he/she is regularly assigned in multiple-shift operations, he/she shall be paid a minimum of four (4) hours of pay at time and one-half his/her regular rate unless he/she has been given at least forty-eight (48) hours notice of a change in his/her regular shift assignment, in \nwhich case payment shall be at his/her regular hourly rate. \n \n - 39 -(D) Temporary Change in Work Schedule . Temporary work schedule changes of \nless than ninety (90) days may be made in response to specific short-term \noperational requirements. Absent any unforeseen circumstances, the employee \nwill be given seven (7) days prior notice of a temporary work schedule change. \nSuch changes may be made without following the procedures set forth in Section 16.2(A). The Union may file a grievance at Step 2 of the grievance procedure if it believes the change is not reasonably related to operational needs. \n \nSection 16.3. Overtime Eligibility and Pay.\n \n \n(A) Calculation of Daily Overtime. Overtime will be calculated from shift to shift. \nOvertime will be paid if an employee works more hours than the hours of his/her regular shift. Time and one-half will be paid for time worked beyond the employee's regular shift provided the employee has completed eight (or more, if \napplicable) hours of straight-time work that workday (for example, an employee \nworking a normal workday of ten (10) hours, shall be eligible for daily overtime after actually working ten (10) hours in the workday). For purposes of this Subsection (A), the term \"time worked\" shall mean only actual work time, and \nshall not include any paid or unpaid time that is not actually worked, except for \npaid lunch periods in continuous operations as referenced in Section 16.7. Time \nand one-half will also be paid for call-backs as referenced in Section 26.5, \nregardless of whether the employee has actually worked eight (8) hours in the \nday. \n \n(B) Calculation of Weekly Overtime - On First Regular Day Off\n. Time and one-half \nwill be paid for time worked on an employee's first regular day off provided the employee has accumulated forty (40) straight-time rate hours in paid status during the workweek. For purposes of this Subsection (B), paid status will include periods of Union leave without pay, but shall not include sick leave, injury leave or disability leave. \n (C) Calculation of Weekly Overtime - On Second Regular Day Off\n. Double time will \nbe paid for time worked on an employee's second regular day off provided the employee has accumulated forty (40) straight-time rate hours in paid status during the preceding six (6) days. A fourth shift employee’s second regular day off will start twenty-four (24) hours immediately preceding the start of the first \nregular shift of the next workweek. Alternative work schedules can establish \nwhen an employee’s second regular day off occurs and therefore when double \ntime pay will apply to overtime. For purposes of this Subsection (C), paid status will include periods of Union leave without pay, but shall not include sick leave, injury leave or disability leave. \n \n(D) Inapplicability of Overtime When Changing/Trading of Work Days by Mutual \nConsent . Time worked due to work schedules being changed at the request of \nthe employee or trading days off by mu tual consent of employees and the prior \nconsent of the Appointing Authority is not subject to overtime compensation, to the extent permitted by the Fair Labor Standards Act. \n \n(E) Inapplicability of Overtime for Scheduled Shift Changes\n. Time worked by \nemployees who are subject to a regularly scheduled three (3) month shift change \n - 40 -at the time a shift change is scheduled, or time worked by employees at the time \na shift change is scheduled in a twenty-four (24) hour-a-day operation and/or a continuous seven (7) day-per-week operation, is not subject to the compensation \nset forth in this Section 16.3, unless subject to the overtime payment requirements established in the Fair Labor Standards Act. \n \nSection 16.4. Distribution of Overtime.\n \n \n(A) Overtime Eligibility . Employees within the same classification and with the same \nwork capabilities within the same reporting location who are participating in the \novertime provisions shall have an equal opportunity to earn voluntary overtime pay. Classifications which include different work capabilities shall be identified to the Union prior to the formation of a separate overtime list. It is the Appointing Authority’s burden to prove that work capabilities needed are different. \n \nEmployees desiring to work voluntary overtime shall so indicate in writing to their \nimmediate supervisor. All employees who choose to participate in overtime will \nbe given an equal opportunity to earn overtime on a continuing basis. The opportunity for overtime work shall be co mputed by totaling overtime earned plus \novertime offered but declined. If overtime is cancelled by management the hours \nwill not be charged. Post-training new hires, transferees, and those employees \nreturning to the reporting location from an extended leave who desire to work voluntary overtime shall be initially assigned the highest number of overtime hours in the assignment unit in order to place them on the overtime equalization list. All overtime, whether in class or out of class, shall be recorded on the same \novertime equalization list. \n \n(B) Overtime Distribution Procedures\n. \n \n(1) On each occasion the opportunity to work scheduled overtime shall be \noffered to the employees desiring to work overtime who have the least number of overtime hours to their credit at that time. If an employee does not accept the assignment, the employee with the next fewest number of overtime hours to his/her credit shall be offered the assignment. This procedure shall be followed until the required number of employees has been selected for the overtime work. \n \n(2) If an employee turns down overtime or is unable to respond when \ncontacted for overtime, the number of hours offered to him/her shall be \ncredited to his/her overtime hours. Employees who have declined to \nparticipate in the voluntary overtime shall be automatically charged for \novertime hours worked in the classification at the reporting location. \n \n(3) Employees on military leave not exc eeding twenty-two (22) eight (8) hour \nwork days (176 hours) shall not be contacted or charged for overtime \nwork during that period. \n \n(4) An employee on leave shall not be contacted for voluntary overtime, but \nshall be charged for overtime work during such leave as long as the employee comes up for overtime work during that period. However, an \n - 41 -employee on holiday; jury duty; vacati on leave or compensatory time of \nthree (3) workdays or less; or his/her regularly scheduled days off shall be \ncontacted for voluntary overtime subject to the provisions of this Section \n16.4. \n \n(5) If an employee is not offered the opportunity to work overtime when \nqualified and entitled, he/she shall be offered the next opportunity to work \novertime consistent with the terms of this Article. Those hours not offered when initially entitled shall not be included in hours credited when worked. \n (C) Posting of Overtime Equalization List\n. A record of the overtime hours worked \nand of overtime hours offered but not worked, by each employee, shall be posted on a bulletin board within the employee's general work area daily. Each time overtime is offered and charged the list will be updated. \n Section 16.5. Overtime Scheduling.\n \n \n(A) Where practical, overtime shall be administered on a voluntary basis; otherwise, \nit shall be mandatory that each employee scheduled to work overtime must \nperform the job assignment within his/her given classification. \n \n(B) Mandatory Overtime . Mandatory overtime may be required when volunteer(s) \ncannot be found to work the overtime. An exception to the application of mandatory overtime scheduling shall be permissible when a valid reasonable request is made by an employee. Mandatory overtime shall be distributed in an \nequitable manner starting with the least senior employee on the first mandatory \noccasion. Thereafter, the next least senior employee shall be assigned to the next mandatory occasion, until all employ ees have worked a mandatory overtime \nassignment. \n \n(C) In cases of overtime scheduled as a re sult of holidays or extreme emergencies \ninvolving a departmental operation, it shall be the established procedure for the department or division head to confer with the employee's Union representative when available regarding a mutually acceptable work schedule. \n \n(D) Working overtime out of class in a lower classification shall be scheduled by \nusing the lowest number of hours worked among persons with the ability and dependability to do the work. \n \n(E) Pre-scheduled overtime shall be offered no later than the end of the employee’s \nworkday prior to the overtime. \n Section 16.6. Rest Periods.\n \n \n(A) All employees' work schedules shall provide for a fifteen (15) minute rest period \nduring each half shift. The rest period shall be scheduled at the middle of each half shift whenever feasible. When practicable, rest periods shall be taken within \nthe work area or in close proximity to the work area that shall afford no more than \nthe allotted fifteen (15) minutes. Rest periods shall not be taken at the beginning or end of each half shift, and shall not be used to extend a lunch break. \n - 42 - \n(B) Employees who for any reason work beyond their regular quitting time shall \nreceive a fifteen (15) minute rest period before they start to work on the extended \nshift. In addition, they shall be granted the regular rest periods that occur during \nthe extended shift. \n Section 16.7. Lunch Period.\n \nAll employees shall be granted a lunch period during each full shift. Whenever possible the lunch period shall be scheduled at the middle of each full shift. Employees who work in a \ntwenty-four (24) hour operation shall receive a paid lunch period; all other employees shall \nreceive an unpaid lunch period. When there is an extension of the regular shift as a result of an \nemergency or scheduled overtime, a lunch peri od shall be granted when the extension exceeds \nfour (4) hours. \n \nSection 16.8. Tardiness.\n \nEmployees are required to be punctual at all times. A grace period of six (6) minutes from the shift starting time will be allowed without disciplinary action unless frequent abuse occurs. \nSection 16.9. Reporting Off Work Procedure.\n \nThe failure of any employee to report off duty in any twenty-four (24) hour City operation at least \none (1) hour before his/her scheduled starting time shall constitute away without leave for all scheduled hours which were not worked. All other employees shall report themselves off duty at least thirty-(30) minutes prior to their regularly scheduled starting time. Failure to so report shall constitute away without leave for all scheduled hours not worked. The provisions of this Section 16.9 shall not apply when it is impossible for the employee to so report due to circumstances \nbeyond his/her control, provided that the empl oyee will then report at the earliest opportunity \nfollowed by a written explanation of the circumstances which made it impossible for him/her to \nreport as directed. \n \nSection 16.10. Compensatory Time.\n \n \n(A) The amount of compensatory time earned may be calculated at the straight time \nrate, or in lieu of payment of overtime, by one and one-half (1-1/2) when time and one-half is applicable or by two (2) w hen double time is applicable by the number \nof hours actually worked on an authorized overtime basis. The compensatory time account balances shall be maintained in units of one-tenth of an hour. \n \n(B) Eligibility\n. A compensatory time account may be established for full-time \nemployees. Compensatory time may only be earned in lieu of cash payment for authorized time worked on a premium basis. The employee may, at his/her option, receive either cash payment or compensatory time for time worked on a \npremium basis. \n \n(C) The following conditions shall govern the use of compensatory time: \n \n(1) Compensatory time upon request by the employee may be taken by the \nemployee at such time or times as may be approved by the Appointing \nAuthority. \n \n - 43 -(2) An employee who is about to be separated from city service for any \nreason and who has an unused compensatory time account balance to \nhis/her credit shall be paid such account balance upon separation. Such \npayment shall be calculated by multip lying the employee's regular hourly \nstraight time wage rate by the number of hours in his/her compensatory \ntime account upon separation. \n (3) Any compensatory time account balance above eighty-(80) hours shall be \npaid off at the employee's hourly rate. Pay out of compensatory time over \nthe approved balance will be paid once per year unless the Union and the \nAppointing Authority agree to a different pay-out schedule. The cut-off \ntime established pursuant to this section shall be set no less than six (6) \nmonths in advance of the pay period selected. Notice of the date of the end of the selected pay period shall be posted within the Division and the \nChief Steward shall be notified of the date. \n \n(4) Notwithstanding the provisions of Subsection (C)(3) above, all \ncompensatory time account balances for grant-funded positions shall be paid out by the end of the grant award period. \n \n(5) No interest is to be paid by the City on any compensatory time account. \n \nSection 16.11. No Pyramiding.\n \nCompensation shall not be paid (nor compensatory time taken) more than once for the same \nhours under any provision of this Article or Contract. \n \nARTICLE 17 - HOLIDAYS \n \nSection 17.1. Holidays. \nThe holidays observed by the City and for which full-time employees are to be compensated \nshall be as follows: \n \nNew Year's Day, January 1 Martin Luther King Day, the third Monday in January Washington's Birthday, the third Monday in February Memorial Day, the last Monday in May \nIndependence Day, July 4 \nLabor Day, the first Monday in September Columbus Day, the second Monday in October Thanksgiving Day, the fourth Thursday in November \nChristmas Day, December 25 \nAny other holidays proclaimed by the Mayor \n \nEmployee's Birthday. If the employee's birthday falls on an above-named \nholiday, the employee shall be granted and compensated for one \nadditional holiday. The Appointing Authority shall allow the employee to take his/her birthday holiday on his/her birthday, or any other day within \n - 44 -one (1) year of the employee’s birthday, upon appropriate request by the \nemployee, at least forty-eight (48) hours in advance of the leave, with approval of the Appointing Authority or designee. If an employee requests \nhis/her birthday holiday less than forty-eight (48) hours in advance of the \nleave, the Appointing Authority or designee may approve the leave within his/her discretion. If the employee's birthday falls on February 29, the holiday, for the purpose of this Section 17.1, shall be considered as February 28 unless otherwise authorized by the Appointing Authority. \n Section 17.2. When Holidays Are Observed.\n \nWhen a holiday falls on the first day of an employee's regularly scheduled days off, it shall be celebrated on the previous day; when a holiday falls on the second day of an employee's regularly scheduled days off, it shall be celebrated on the following day, except that at the time of a shift change which necessitates more than a two (2) day weekend, a holiday which falls on \neither of the first two (2) days shall be celebrated on the last previous workday, and a holiday \nwhich falls on any other day of such weekend shall be celebrated on the next subsequent workday. \n \nSection 17.3. Holiday Pay and Holidays During Vacation Periods.\n \nFor each holiday observed (including the empl oyee's birthday), a full-time employee will be \nexcused from work with pay on such day at the discretion of the Appointing Authority. If one (1) of the holidays mentioned in Section 17.1 above o ccurs while an employee is on vacation leave, \nsuch day shall not be charged against vacation leave. Non-full-time employees will only be compensated for time actually worked on holidays. Section 17.4. Extra Pay for Work on a Holiday.\n \nWhen a full-time employee working a forty (40) hour workweek works on a day celebrated as an eight (8) hour holiday, in addition to his/her regular eight (8) hour holiday pay, he/she shall be paid at the rate of time and one-half for the first eight (8) hours worked. For time worked in excess of eight (8) hours on such holiday, he/she shall be compensated at the rate of time and \none-half, unless the holiday worked falls on the second day of the employee's regularly \nscheduled days off, in which case he/she shall be compensated at the double-time rate. \nSection 17.5. Eligibility Requirements for Holiday Pay.\n \nExcept as set forth below, to be eligible for holiday pay, an employee must have worked, been \non vacation, military leave, compensatory time or sick leave on the full workday before and the \nfull workday after the holiday, in addition to the full holiday if the employee is scheduled to work \non the holiday as his/her regularly scheduled day or for overtime. The day before refers to the employee's last regularly scheduled workday. The day after refers to the regularly scheduled workday following the day on which the holiday is celebrated. Employees returning from an extended illness the day after a holiday shall receive holiday pay. \n \nSection 17.6. Shifts Eligible for Holiday Pay.\n \nFor the purpose of administering the provisions of this Article, holiday time shall apply to the \nshift beginning on the day which is celebrated as a holiday. \n \nSection 17.7. Shift Worker Holidays in Continuous Operations. \nShift workers shall be guaranteed a minimum of fi ve (5) holidays off during each calendar year. \nDuring November of each year such employees shall bid on the holidays which they desire to \ntake off during the following calendar year. Such requests shall be granted in order of \n - 45 -classification seniority within an operational unit based upon the operational needs of that unit \nand the City. If an employee does not bid all five (5) holidays, then the guarantee only applies to the number of holidays bid and awarded. Section 17.8. Religious Holy Days.\n \nAn employee may charge religious holy days with the approval of the Appointing Authority to either (1) vacation, (2) earned compensatory time, (3) personal leave without pay, or (4) a regular day off which he/she is allowed to work. \n \nSection 17.9. Holiday Pay for Alternative Work Schedules.\n \n \n(A) If an Appointing Authority maintains the alternative work schedule on a holiday \nweek, the employee will be paid holiday pay for the hours of his/her regular scheduled shift. However, the Appointing Authority may adjust the work schedule \nfor the holiday week. If so, then the employee will only receive eight (8) hours of \nholiday pay. \n (B) Current employees working under an alternative work schedule at the time this \nContract is signed will continue to be paid holiday pay for the employee’s regular \nscheduled shift. \n \nARTICLE 18 - PERSONAL BUSINESS DAY \n \nEach bargaining unit member shall receive one (1) eight (8) hour Personal Business Day per vacation year as defined in Section 19.1 to conduct personal business that cannot be conducted outside of the regular workday. Part-time regular em ployees shall receive four (4) hours of leave \nannually. Days shall not accumulate. If notice is given at least forty-eight (48) hours in advance, no reason needs to be stated, and no documentation will be required. If notice of less than forty-\neight (48) hours is given, the leave may be approved at the discretion of the Appointing \nAuthority or designee. The day shall have no cash-out value. The Personal Business Day cannot be used the workday before or the workday after a holiday. The use of this Personal Business Day is subject to the usual operational need requirement. \nARTICLE 19 - VACATION LEAVE \n \nSection 19.1. Vacation Year. \nThe vacation year shall end at the close of business on the last day of the first full pay period \nthat begins in the month of January. \n \nSection 19.2. Vacation Schedule and Accrual. \n \n(A) Each full-time employee working a forty-(40) hour workweek shall earn vacation \nin accordance with the schedule below. The vacation accrual schedule shall be \nas follows: \n - 46 - \n Years of Total Hours Per Days Per \n City Service Pay Period Year \n \n Less than 3 years 3.077 hours 10 days \n 3 years but less than 6 years 4.924 hours 16 days \n 6 years but less than 13 years 7.077 hours 23 days \n 13 years but less than 20 years 8.000 hours 26 days \n 20 years but less than 25 years 8.616 hours 28 days \n 25 or more years 9.231 hours 30 days \n \n(B) Vacation accrual rates are based on total full-time City service for all employees, \nincluding prior full-time service with the City of Columbus. In addition, for \nemployees hired prior to July 5, 1987, vacation accrual rates shall be based on \nthe total of all periods of full-time employment with the City, the State of Ohio and \nany political subdivision of the State. However, any employee who has retired \nfrom the State of Ohio or any of its political subdivisions, including the City of Columbus, and is or was re-employed or hired by the City of Columbus before, on or after July 5, 1987, shall not have prior full-time service with the State of \nOhio or any of its political subdivisions, including the City of Columbus, \nrecognized for purposes of determining the vacation accrual rate. \n (C) If applicable, requests for recognition of periods of full-time service with the State \nof Ohio and its political subdivisions for accrual rate purposes shall be made in writing and forwarded to the City Auditor through the Appointing Authority before \nadjustments can be made to the vacation accrual rate. Adjustments to vacation \naccrual rates, based on previous full-time employment with the State of Ohio or political subdivisions of the State, as specified herein, shall be applied prospectively to be effective the first full pay period following the verification by the Appointing Authority to the City Auditor. \n \n(D) Any periods of time in unpaid status of more than eight (8) hours, as outlined in \nSection 19.4, will not be included in the computation of City service for the purpose of this Section 19.2. \n \n(E) This computation will be used only for the purpose of determining the rate at \nwhich vacation is earned. \n \n(F) The provisions of this paragraph shall be prospective only and shall be in lieu of \nany prospective or retrospective application of Section 9.44 of the Ohio Revised Code. \n Section 19.3. Maximum Vacation Carryover/Payout.\n \nAny vacation balance in excess of the amounts listed below shall become void as of the close of business on the last day of the first full pay period that begins in the month of January of each year: \n - 47 - \nYears of Total Maximum Vacation \nCity Service Balances \n \nLess than 3 years 160 hours (20 days) \n3 years but less than 6 years 256 hours (32 days) 6 years but less than 13 years 368 hours (46 days) 13 years but less than 20 years 416 hours (52 days) 20 years but less than 25 years 448 hours (56 days) \n25 or more years 480 hours (60 days) \n \nAt the end of the last pay period in the vacation year, employees may be paid for any vacation balances in excess of the maximums fixed by the above schedule upon certification by the \nAppointing Authority to the City Auditor and the approval of the City Council, that due to \nemergency work requirements, it is not in the best interests of the City to permit the employee to \ntake vacation leave which would otherwise be forfeited as provided in this Section 19.3. \nSection 19.4. Eligibility Requirements for Vacation Accrual.\n \nNo vacation credit shall be allowed for any employee working a forty (40) hour workweek for any \npay period in which such employee is off duty and not in paid status for more than eight (8) \nhours of regularly scheduled work; except that when an employee is required to report for work and does so report but is denied work because of circumstances beyond his/her control, his/her absence from work for the balance of that workday shall not be construed as unpaid work status for the purpose of this Article. \n \nSection 19.5. Scheduling Vacations.\n \n \n(A) All vacation leaves shall be taken at such times as may be approved by the \nAppointing Authority. Vacation leave may be taken in increments as small as \none-tenth (1/10) of an hour with the approval of the Appointing Authority. \nPreviously approved vacations may be canceled due to unforeseeable and \nexigent operational needs. \n \n(B) For new hires or rehires, no vacation leave may be granted until the employee \nhas accrued thirteen pay periods of vacation hours in continuous active City service at the rate of vacation accrual appropriate for that employee. \n (C) The determination of preferences for the purpose of scheduling vacations shall \nbe based upon classification seniority within the operating unit. \n \nSection 19.6. Vacation Payoff at Time of Separation.\n \nA full-time employee with more than thirteen (13) pay periods of vacation accrual in paid status \nwho is about to be separated from City servic e through discharge, resignation, retirement or \nlayoff and who has unused vacation leave to his/her credit, shall be paid in a lump sum for each hour of unused vacation leave (less any amounts ow ed to the City by the employee) in lieu of \ngranting such employee a vacation leave after his/her last day of active service with the City, \nprovided, however, that such payment shall not exceed the maximum number of vacation hours \noutlined in Section 19.3. \n - 48 - \nSection 19.7. Vacation Payoff at Death. \nNotwithstanding the provisions of this Article, when an employee dies while in paid status, any \nunused vacation leave to his/her credit shall be paid to the surviving spouse, less applicable \nwithholding and any amounts owed by the employee to the City. In the event that the employee \nhas no surviving spouse, said unused vacation l eave shall be paid to the employee's estate. \n \nARTICLE 20 - SICK LEAVE \n \nSection 20.1. Sick Leave Entitlement. \nEach full-time non-seasonal employee employed at the beginning of the first day of the first pay \nperiod of the year shall receive ninety-six (96) hours of sick leave with pay (hereinafter referred \nto as Sick Leave Entitlement). \n Each full-time, non-seasonal employee hired on or after the first pay period of each year shall, on the date of hire receive his/her current sick leave with pay for the remainder of that payroll year computed as follows: 3.692 hours for each pay period in the year of hire, commencing with the first full pay period which occurs on or after the date of hire. However, for each pay period \nin which an employee is in unpaid status for more than eight (8) hours, 3.692 hours shall be \ndeducted from his/her paid sick leave entitlement. \n When an employee is required to report to work and does so report but is denied work because of circumstances beyond his/her control, absence from work under these circumstances shall \nnot be considered as unpaid work status for purposes of this Section. \n If an employee’s sick leave entitlement is exhausted and the employee is in unpaid status, and therefore no deduction from sick leave entitle ment can be made, the employee shall be \nconsidered absent without leave unless the employee applies for unpaid personal leave and \nsuch leave is granted by the City. \n Should an employee voluntarily move from full- time non-seasonal status to part-time or \nseasonal status during a calendar year in which he/she is eligible for sick leave, the employee \nshall retain his/her sick leave balance for the number of pay periods months he/she was in full-time status, but 3.692 hours shall be deducted from his/her paid sick leave account for each full \npay period in which the employee is in part-time or seasonal status. No such deduction will \napply to employees who are laid off and are com pelled to bump into a part-time or seasonal \nposition to retain continued employment. \nSection 20.2. Eligible Uses and Procedures.\n \n \n(A) Sick leave with pay shall be allowed for full-time employees only in the following \nsituations: \n (1) Illness of, or injury to, the employee, whether work or non-work related. \n \n - 49 -(2) Physical, dental or mental consultation or treatment of the employee by \nprofessional medical or dental personnel, whether work or non-work \nrelated. \n \n(3) Sickness of a spouse, child, step-child, foster child, person for whom the \nemployee is the legal guardian and upon prior approval of the Appointing Authority, a family member who is dependent on the employee for his/her health and well-being. \n \n(4) Quarantine because of contagious disease. The Appointing Authority \nshall require a certificate of the attending physician before allowing any \npaid sick leave under this Subsection. \n \n(5) Maternity, paternity, and adoption leave for employees. \n \n(6) Death of immediate family member for up to five (5) days per instance. \nFor the purposes of this Subsection, immediate family shall be defined as including the employee's spouse, child, step-child, foster child, brother, sister, parent, grandparent, grandchild, father or mother-in-law, son or \ndaughter-in-law, brother or sister-in-law, stepfather or mother, step-\nsibling, a legal guardian or other person who stands in the place of a parent. Employees may also elect to use compensatory time or vacation leave instead of sick leave because of a death in the immediate family, or \nmay use a day of compensatory time or vacation leave to attend the funeral of an Aunt or Uncle. \n \n(B) Any leave which is granted under this Article 20 for reasons permissible under an \nFMLA leave as provided in Section 24.7 shall be charged as an FMLA leave and shall be subject to the twelve (12) week per year limitation for the length of an FMLA leave. \n \n(C) Any employee scheduled to work on a holiday, designated in Article 17 of this \nContract, who reports sick shall be charged the number of sick leave hours appropriate for his/her workday for the holiday, and further shall be ineligible for \nholiday pay under the provisions of Section 17.5 of this Contract. When an \nemployee is absent due to illness on the workday before or the workday after a \nholiday, and the holiday is celebrated on a regularly scheduled workday, he/she \nshall be charged the number of sick leave hours appropriate for his/her workday for the holiday. The day before refers to the employee's last regularly scheduled workday occurring before the holiday. The day after refers to the regularly scheduled workday following the day on which the holiday is celebrated. \nHowever, no charge will be made under this Section 20.2 for sick leave on the \nholiday when the employee has been on sick leave the day before and the day after the holiday. \n \n(D) Sick leave, when used, shall be paid at an hourly rate equal to the employee's \nregular straight time wage in effect at the time of the usage. No sick leave with \npay will be allowed for increments of less than one tenth (1/10) of an hour. \n \n - 50 -Section 20.3 Sick Leave Documentation and Suspected Sick Leave Abuse. \nIf an employee has sufficient sick leave accruals, and there is no evidence of sick leave abuse, \nthe Appointing Authority shall grant sick leave upon the written request of the employee. In \ncases of extended illness, that is, illness which lasts more than three (3) consecutive workdays, \nor suspected abuse, as determined by the Appointing Authority or designee, the Appointing Authority or designee may require evidence as to the adequacy of the reason(s) for an employee's absence during the time for which sick leave is requested. Any sick leave use protected by the Family and Medical Leave Act (FMLA) shall not be considered as sick leave \nabuse. \n \n(A) Sick leave abuse may be indicated by any or all of the following: \n \n(1) Excessive use of sick leave within a twelve (12) month period which has \nnot been substantiated by a physician’s or other licensed health care \nprovider’s statement; \n \n(2) Use of sick leave as soon as it has been credited to an employee’s sick \nleave balance; \n \n(3) Consistent use of sick leave on the same day of the week; \n \n(4) Consistent use of sick leave on the day(s) before and/or after regularly \nscheduled days off or holidays. \n \n(5) Falsification or misrepresentation of the reason(s) for an employee’s \nabsence; \n (6) Low sick leave balances in relation to an employee’s length of service; \nand \n \n(7) Being in unpaid status for whole or part of a day, which absence is not \ncovered by the FMLA. \n \n(B) If there are one or more indicators of sick leave abuse, the Appointing Authority \nor designee shall notify the employee, in writing, that he/she will be required to provide documentation from a physician or other licensed health care provider for \neach use of sick leave until further notice, and the reasons for that requirement. The Appointing Authority or designee shall review the situation not longer than every one hundred twenty (120) days to determine if the problem has been abated. Upon receipt of the written notice, the employee may request a meeting with the Appointing Authority or designee to discuss the requirement to provide \nsuch documentation. The employee may, upon request, be accompanied by a \nUnion representative at such meeting. \n(C) Failure to correct sick leave abuse or provide medical documentation when \nrequired to do so may result in disciplinar y action consistent with the provisions \nof Article 10 of this Contract. \n \n(D) Falsification of a physician's or other licensed health care provider’s statement \nmay also be grounds for disciplinary action, up to and including dismissal. \n - 51 - \n(E) If the Appointing Authority or designee questions the reason(s) offered by the \nemployee for his/her sick leave, the Appointing Authority or designee may require \nthe employee to be examined by a licensed physician identified by the Appointing \nAuthority or designee. Failure to submit to the examination shall constitute grounds for disciplinary action. \n \n(F) Each Appointing Authority or designee shall develop a procedure for his/her \ndepartment to implement the provisions of this section. \n \nSection 20.4. Sick Leave Reciprocity.\n \n \n(A) Entitlement . During January of each year, each full-time employee has the \noption of receiving payment in cash for unused sick leave hours at the end of the \npreceding fiscal year, provided such employee was entitled to sick leave benefits \nduring all of the twenty-six pay periods of the previous year and is in paid status or on authorized leave without pay, based on the following calculation table: \n \nCASH BENEFIT CALCULATION TABLE\n \n \n Hours of Sick Leave Taken (New Sick Accrual Cash Benefit \n or Old Bank)\n H o u r s A l l o w e d \n \n0-8 48 \n 9-16 40 \n17-24 32 25-32 24 33-40 16 \n Greater than 41 0 \n \nAny disallowance of sick leave credit by the Appointing Authority as provided for \nin Section 20.1, and any hours paid on disability leave will be considered as \nhours of sick leave taken during the year for the purpose of computing paid sick \nleave hours available to an employee under the reciprocity plan. If an employee \nuses five (5) days or less of injury leave (regardless of the number of claims) \nduring the year, this leave shall not be considered sick leave taken for computing sick leave reciprocity. If an employee uses more than five (5) days of injury leave, all injury leave used during the year will be considered hours of sick leave taken in computing sick leave reciprocity. \n \n(B) Procedures\n. Each full-time employee who qua lifies for sick leave benefits as of \nthe first pay period of each year shall notify the Appointing Authority by February 1 of that fiscal year, on a form to be prov ided by the City, if the employee wishes \nto participate in the reciprocity plan. The payment will be made in January following the fiscal year. The payment will be calculated at the employee's hourly \nrate in effect as of the final pay peri od of the fiscal year preceding payment. The \nperiod to be utilized in calculating sick leave reciprocity benefits shall be the fiscal \nyear for which payment is to be made. Any employee may withdraw from the \n - 52 -plan prior to the end of the twenty-fourth (24th) pay period of each fiscal year \nupon the written notification to the Appointing Authority. \n \n(C) Effect on Unused Sick Leave . The number of reciprocity hours paid each \nemployee will be subtracted from his/her total accrued unused sick leave. The remainder of his/her unused sick leave will be carried forward each year as his/her current sick leave account. \n (D) An employee who is eligible to participate in the provisions of this Section 20.4 is \nlimited to and must elect only one of the following options: (1) Not to participate in any of the provisions. \n \n(2) To participate solely in the provisions of Paragraphs (A), (B), and (C) of \nthis Section. \n \nSection 20.5. Carryover Sick Leave Balances from Certain Prior Public Employment.\n \nEmployees who have been employed in the classi fied or unclassified Civil Service or as \nteachers, school employees, firefighters, peace officers or state highway patrol officers of the \nState of Ohio or any of its political subdivisions shall be credited with any certified, unused and \nunpaid balance of accumulated sick leave earned in such service when such persons are employed in the classified or unclassified Civil Service of the City on or after April 1, 1987, \nprovided employment with the City occurs with in ten (10) years after leaving his/her prior \nposition when such action occurs after January 1, 1972. Such unused balance shall then be subject to all other provisions of this Article, with the exception of Section 20.7. Section 20.6. Old Sick Leave Bank.\n \nThe old sick leave bank shall represent the empl oyee's balance of unused sick leave as of the \neffective date of the Contract that went into effect in April 1987. \n(A) Any sick leave hours in this bank, when used, shall be paid on the basis of the \nemployee's straight-time hourly rate in effect on March 31, 1987. \n \n(B) Sick leave may be withdrawn from the ol d sick leave bank, at the value provided \nin this Section 20.6 for the sick leave purposes outlined in Section 20.2(A), provided the employee has exhausted his/her current sick leave accrual to date. \nAn employee may withdraw from the ol d sick leave bank the number of hours or \ntenths of an hour necessary to compensate the employee at not greater than \nhis/her current regular straight time hourly rate for approved sick leave time. \n \n(C) An employee who experiences a break in continuous City service through \nretirement, discharge, resignation or layoff shall receive pay for unused sick \nleave or, in lieu thereof, may elect to transfer such sick leave to another governmental unit. Beginning with the effective date of this Contract and for the duration of the Contract, if the employee elects payment, his/her account balance shall be valued as of the time of the break in continuous service at one hundred percent (100%) of the amount obtained by multiplying the number of unused sick \nleave hours by the employee's straight-tim e hourly rate in effect on March 31, \n1987. At such time, the employee who is not transferring such sick leave to another governmental unit must elect one (1) of the following options: (a) \n - 53 -immediate payment in a single lump-sum; or (b) two (2) equal installment \npayments, the first to be paid at the time of retirement or separation and the second to be paid one (1) year thereafter; or (c) three (3) equal installment \npayments, the first to be paid at the time of retirement or separation, the second \nto be paid one (1) year thereafter, and the third to be paid one (1) year after the second payment. However, the City mu st approve those employee elections \nwhich provide for payment in other than a single lump-sum. \n \n(D) For the purposes of this Section 20.6, all sick leave in an employee's old sick \nleave bank that represents sick leave transferred from another governmental unit shall be valued using the unit's sick leave separation payment plan existing on \nMarch 31, 1987 and the employee's regular straight-time hourly wage as of \nMarch 31, 1987. \n \nSection 20.7. Payment of Sick Leave Balances at Time of Separation.\n \n \n(A) An employee who experiences a break in continuous City service through \ndischarge, resignation, retirement or layoff may elect to receive pay for \naccumulated current sick leave or to transfer said sick leave to another \ngovernmental unit, provided such election is made within a period of not more \nthan one (1) year. If an employee elects to receive a lump-sum payment, said payment shall be computed as follows: \n \n(1) One (1) hour pay for each four (4) hours of unused sick leave in the new \nbank for all accruals up to and including nine hundred and fifty (950) \nhours. \n \n(2) One (1) hour of pay for each three (3) hours of unused sick leave in the \nnew bank for all accruals from nine hundred and fifty-one (951) hours up \nto and including seventeen hundred and fifty (1,750) hours. \n \n(3) One (1) hour pay for each two (2) hours of unused sick leave in the new \nbank for all accruals from seventeen hundred and fifty-one (1,751) hours up to and including twenty five hundred and fifty (2,550) hours. \n \n(4) One (1) hour pay for each hour of unused sick leave in the new bank for \nall accruals in excess of twenty five hundred and fifty (2,550) hours. \n (5) Notwithstanding the provisions of Paragraph (1) above, no payment of \nany unused sick leave upon separation s hall be made to any employee \nwith less than four hundred (400) hours accrued sick leave credit. \nHowever, an employee who is tempor arily laid-off for thirty-five (35) \ncalendar days or less and who has less than four hundred (400) hours of \naccrued sick leave at the time of layoff, shall be credited at the time of rehire with the actual number of sick leave hours accrued prior to the temporary layoff of thirty-five (35) calendar days or less. \n \n(B) The City reserves the right to deduct fr om any final sick leave payment to the \nemployee any amounts which the employee owes to the City. \n \n - 54 -Section 20.8. Payment of Sick Leave Balances at Death. \nIf an employee dies while in paid status, his/her unused sick leave account balance (less \napplicable withholding and any amounts owed by the employee to the City) shall be paid to \nhis/her surviving spouse. In the event that the employee has no surviving spouse, said balance \nshall be paid to the employee's estate. The em ployee's account balance shall be valued as of \nthe time of death in the manner as set forth in this Article for new and old sick leave, as applicable, less any amounts owed by the employee to the City. \n \nARTICLE 21 - DISABILITY LEAVE \n \nSection 21.1. Eligibility and Waiting Period. \n \n(A) The City will provide, at no cost to employees, a disability program covering full-\ntime employees for non-work related illnesses and injuries. Employees will be eligible for this benefit on the first of the month following one (1) year of continuous City service. \n \n(B) This program shall provide for payment to the employee from the fifteenth (15th) \nday of accident or illness for a maximum of twenty-six (26) weeks per disability \nper calendar year. \n \nSection 21.2. Application Procedure and Deadlines.\n \nThe proper forms must be submitted to the City, through the Division Personnel Officer or \ndesignee, no later than forty-five (45) days from the commencement of the disability. In the \nevent Injury Leave and/or Workers’ Com pensation benefits were denied and the employee \nchooses to apply for short-term disability benefits for the same disabling condition, the employee must submit the proper forms for short- term disability benefits within thirty (30) days \nof the occupational injury denial. \n \nSection 21.3. Disability Benefits.\n \nDisability benefits shall be based on eighty one percent (81%) of the employee's standard gross \nwages. The applicable tax rates will be deducted. The employee may, if he/she so desires, elect to use all, or part of, his/her accumulated but unused sick leave in order to make up any difference between one hundred percent (100%) of his/her gross wages and the amount which \nhe/she receives under the disability program, provided that all new sick leave accruals are \nexhausted before an employee may use the available balance in his/her old sick leave bank. If an employee exhausts all sick leave benefits, other approved leave may be granted by the Appointing Authority. If, while receiving disabili ty payments, the employee performs work for the \nCity, the amount of payment under the disabilit y program shall be reduced by the compensation \nwhich he/she receives during that time period. If the employee is capable of performing his/her regular duties or transitional duties, such duties are available and the employee refuses to \nreturn to work, disability benefits shall not be paid. Any insurance premium not paid during \ndisability leave must be brought current upon return from leave. \n \nSection 21.4. Limitations and Fraudulent Claims.\n \nNo disability payments shall be made to any employee who is working for another employer or \nalso receiving temporary total benefits. Fraudulent actions automatically preclude employees \n - 55 -from receiving any disability benefits. If a paym ent is made pursuant to a fraudulent claim, the \nemployee shall repay the City immediately. \n Section 21.5. Continued Contact With Division and Return to Work Notification.\n \nAn employee on disability leave shall maintain biweekly contact with the division personnel officer or designee during the period of time they are disabled. This requirement may be modified in writing by the personnel officer for extended leaves. An employee shall notify the \npersonnel officer or designee at least seven (7) days before his/her expected return to work date to reconfirm that date. \n \nSection 21.6. Ninety (90)-Day Fitness Hearing.\n \nAfter ninety (90) days, the City may conduct a hearing to determine the employee's ability to \nperform the essential functions of his/her classification. \n \nSection 21.7. Coordination with FMLA Leave. \nAny disability leave which is granted for reasons permissible under an FMLA leave shall be \nsubject to the twelve (12) week per year limitation for the length of an FMLA leave. \n \nSection 21.8. Continuation of Certain Benefits While on Disability. \nWhile an employee is paid disability benefits purs uant to this Article, vacation accruals shall \ncease. During the period in which an employee receives disability payments, he/she shall suffer no reduction in his/her paid sick leave accrual set forth in Article 20 of this Contract, as applicable. Holidays shall be paid at the disability benefit rate as set forth in Section 21.3. Medical, dental, drug, vision, and life insurance shall continue uninterrupted until the employee is no longer on the disability program. \n \nARTICLE 22 - INJURY LEAVE \n \nSection 22.1. General Scope of Benefits and Eligibility for Injury Leave. \nThe injury leave program is a benefit intended to cover employees injured on the job, which is separate and distinct from any Workers’ Compensation benefits. Injury leave will be approved according to the provisions of this Contract, and the rules and policies of the Human Resources Director or designee and the Board of Industrial Relations. Workers’ Compensation laws, rules, and court decisions do not apply to the injury leave program. All full-time and part-time \nemployees shall be allowed injury leave with pa y up to a maximum of sixty (60) workdays per \ncalendar year for on-the-job injuries, not to exceed a total of one hundred twenty (120) \nworkdays per injury, for on-the-job injuries that meet the requirements set forth in this Article. The one hundred twenty (120) day total shall apply to injury leave taken on or after April 1, 1990, and any injuries (and any recurrences of the same injuries) occurring prior to January 1, \n2009. \n \nFor all injuries that occur on or after January 1, 2009, all full-time and part-time employees shall be allowed injury leave with pay up to a maximum of fifty (50) workdays per calendar year for on-the-job injuries, not to exceed a total of one hundred (100) workdays per injury, for on-the-job injuries that meet the requirements set forth in this Article. The one hundred (100) day total shall \napply to injuries (and any recurrences of the same injuries) occurring on or after January 1, \n2009. \n - 56 - \nFor all injuries that occur on or after January 1, 2010, all full-time and part-time employees shall be allowed injury leave with pay up to a maximum of forty (40) workdays per calendar year for \non-the-job injuries, not to exceed a total of eighty (80) workdays per injury, for on-the-job injuries \nthat meet the requirements set forth in this Article. The eighty (80) day total shall apply to \ninjuries (and any recurrences of the same injuries) occurring on or after January 1, 2010. \n \nSection 22.2. Deadline for Reporting Injury.\n \nInjuries, both original and recurrent, must be reported to the employee's immediate supervisor \nno more than two (2) working days after such injury occurs. \n \nSection 22.3. Payment for Absence on Day of Injury. \nWhenever an employee is required to stop worki ng because of an injury or other service \nconnected disability, he/she shall be paid for the remaining hours of that day or shift at his/her \nregular rate, and such time shall not be charged to leave of any kind. \n \nSection 22.4. Deadline for Submitting Medical Documentation for Original and Recurrent \nInjuries. \nAll medical documentation, supporting documentation, and a report of the cause of all injuries, \nwhether original or recurrent, must be submitt ed by the employee to the employee's immediate \nsupervisor within fourteen (14) days from the date the injury occurs. Signatures of the employee’s immediate supervisor, the Division Administrator, and the Appointing Authority are required thereafter. Claims are to be submitted to the Human Resources Department within a total of twenty-eight (28) days from the date the injury occurs (provided, however, that an employee's eligibility for injury leave shall not be prejudiced by a delay in filing caused by \nsupervisors if the employee has complied with his/her fourteen (14)-day filing deadline). If the employee is physically unable to comply with the fourteen (14) day filing deadline or the medical \ndocumentation submitted by the employee is inadequate, the employee will be given an additional fourteen (14) days to submit adequate documentation. \n \nSection 22.5. Determination by Director of Human Resources and Related Limitations \nand Procedures. \n \n(A) Director of Human Resources Approval Required . Injury leave with pay shall be \ngranted to an employee only for injuries determined by the Director of the Human \nResources Department or designee as caused by the performance of the actual \nduties of the position. No employee shall be granted injury leave with pay unless the Appointing Authority has in his/her possession written authorization signed by \nthe Director of the Human Resources Department or designee indicating the approximate length of the leave. If, in the judgment of the Director of the Human Resources Department or designee, the injury is such that the employee is \ncapable of performing his/her regular duties or transitional duties during the \nperiod of convalescence, he/she shall so notify the Appointing Authority in writing and deny injury leave with pay. \n \n(B) Medical Examination/Documentation\n. The City may require an independent \nmedical examination for any employee r equesting injury leave, at the City's \nexpense. No employee on injury leave shall be returned to work without the written approval of an attending physician. The employee is required to provide \ncontinuing medical documentation prior to the estimated return to work date, to \n - 57 -ensure uninterrupted injury leave coverage. All such documentation must be \nsubmitted to the appropriate Department or Division Human Resources representative. \n (C) Duty to Reapply for Recurrence or Relapse\n. If there is a recurrent injury during \nworking hours or a relapse during recovery or ongoing treatment, the employee must request approval for each instance of injury leave. \n \n(D) Continued Contact with Division and Return to Work Notification\n. An employee \non injury leave shall maintain biweekly contact with the division personnel officer or designee during the period of time he/she is injured. This requirement may be modified in writing by the personnel officer for extended leaves. An employee \nshall notify the personnel officer or designee at least seven (7) days before his/her expected return to work date to reconfirm that date. \n (E) Forty (40) Day Fitness Hearing\n. After forty (40) workdays, the City may conduct \na hearing to determine the employee's ability to perform the essential functions of his/her classification. \n \n(F) Fraudulent Claims\n. Fraudulent actions automatically preclude employees from \nreceiving injury leave benefits and, if any benefits are paid pursuant to a fraudulent claim, they shall be repaid immediately and/or may be withheld from an employee's final pay upon termination. \n \n(G) No Outside Employment\n. No injury leave payments shall be made to any \nemployee who is working for another employ er nor also receiving temporary total \nbenefits. \n \n(H) Limitation on Recreational Activities . In addition, no injury leave payment shall \nbe made to any employee engaged in recreat ional activities when the physical \ndemands of engaging in the recreation conflict with the approved injury/medical condition. \n (I) Coordination With FMLA Leave\n. Any injury leave which is granted for reasons \npermissible under an FMLA leave shall be subject to the twelve (12) week per year limitation for the length of an FMLA leave. \n (J) Vocational Rehabilitation\n. If the Physician of Record indicates an employee is \nmedically eligible to participate in vocational rehabilitation, the employee shall agree to participate in the Bureau of Workers’ Compensation voluntary vocational rehabilitation program. In the event the employee chooses not to participate, the \nAppointing Authority will be notified in writing and injury leave with pay will be \ndenied. \n Section 22.6. Board of Industrial Relations Proceedings.\n \nAny injured employee may appeal the decision of the Director of the Human Resources Department or designee by written notice to the Board of Industrial Relations within ten (10) \ndays of notification that injury leave has been denied. The Board of Industrial Relations shall \nrender a written decision within thirty (30) days after the close of the employee’s hearing. The \nBoard of Industrial Relations, at the City's ex pense, may require an employee to be examined \n - 58 -by a physician of the Board's choice. The Board of Industrial Relations decision shall be final. \nThe employee may appeal the Board's decision to the Franklin County Court of Common Pleas. \nAppeals of injury leave denials cannot be grieved through the grievance procedure, with the \nsole exception of allegations that the City has not adhered to procedural provisions expressly \nset forth in the written provisions of this Article 22. Such a grievance shall be filed at Step 2 of the grievance procedure. \n \nSection 22.7. Use of Other Leaves Pending Decision on Injury Leave.\n \nPending a decision by the Director of the Human Resources Department or designee, an \nemployee applying for injury leave may be ca rried on sick leave, vacation leave or \ncompensatory time with pay, in that order, which shall be restored to his/her credit upon \ncertification by the Director of the Human Re sources Department or designee that injury leave \nhas been approved. If injury leave is not certified by the Director of the Human Resources Department or designee, the employee will be charged sick leave, vacation leave or \ncompensatory time, in that order, for the time used or charged leave without pay after the employee's sick leave, vacation leave, and compensatory time are exhausted. \nSection 22.8. Use of Injury Leave for Medical Examinations/Treatment and Certain \nRelated Hearings. \nPursuant to rules established by the Director of the Human Resources Department or designee, \ntime off for the purpose of medical examination, including examinations by the Bureau of Workers' Compensation, and/or treatments resu lting from an injury approved under the injury \nleave program, shall be charged to injury leave. A maximum of four (4) hours of injury leave \nshall be allowed per scheduled physician's appointm ent and/or treatment resulting from an on-\nthe-job injury. An employee will be retained in his/her current pay status at the time of Bureau of \nWorkers’ Compensation hearings or Industrial Relations Board hearings if the employee \nprovides his/her immediate supervisor with proof of hearing notice prior to the date of hearing. The Director of the Human Resources Department or designee may approve an employee's request for injury leave of greater than four (4) hours for a scheduled physician's appointment or for treatment resulting from an on-the-job injury if the Director of Human Resources or designee \ndetermines that such request is supported by medical documentation. However, such medical \ndocumentation must be submitted to the Director of Human Resources or designee by the \nemployee prior to such appointment and/or treatment in order to be considered. \n \nSection 22.9. Continuation of Benefits While on Injury Leave.\n \nWhile an employee is on approved injury leave wi th pay, sick leave entitlement and vacation \naccruals, PERS contributions and all employee benefits shall continue uninterrupted and the \nCity shall maintain applicable insurance benefits for the employee until such time as the employee returns to duty or is terminated fr om employment. Upon proof that an employee is \nreceiving payments in lieu of wages from the Ohio Bureau of Workers' Compensation, sick leave entitlement and vacation accruals and all applicable insurance benefits shall continue \nuninterrupted until the employee returns to duty or is terminated from employment. Any \ninsurance premium not paid during injury leave mu st be brought current upon return from leave. \n \nSection 22.10. Extension of Injury Leave in Certain Circumstances and Repayment from \nWorkers’ Compensation. \nIf an employee who has been granted injury leave does not begin receiving payments in lieu of \nwages from the Ohio Bureau of Workers' Compensation by the time the injury leave has been \nexhausted (i.e., after sixty (60), fifty (50), or forty (40) workdays, whichever is applicable), and the employee has filed a timely claim under the Ohio Workers' Compensation laws for such \n - 59 -payment, then the City shall pay the employee seventy-two percent (72%) or sixty-six and 2/3 \npercent (66-2/3%), whichever is applicable, of his/her wages until such time as payments from \nthe Bureau are received or the claim is denied by a Staff Hearing Officer of the Industrial \nCommission of Ohio. In any instance of payment by both the City and the Ohio Bureau of \nWorkers' Compensation for the same day or day s, the employee shall promptly provide full \nreimbursement to the City as determined by t he City unless the City has received payment \ndirectly from the Bureau of Workers’ Compens ation. The employee will be required to execute \nany necessary forms with the Ohio Bureau of Workers' Compensation to effectuate payment to the City. \n \nSection 22.11. Deadline for Application for Disability Following Exhaustion of Injury \nLeave. \nIn the event the employee has been denied all re medies through injury leave and Workers’ \nCompensation, the employee has thirty (30) day s to file for short-term disability benefits. \n \nSection 22.12. Reopener. \nThe parties agree that this Article 22 will be reopened if either of the following two actions occur: \n \n(A) The City opts to self insure. \n \n(B) The Bureau of Workers’ Compensation (BWC) changes its rating methodology in \nsuch a way as to negatively impact the injury leave program. \n Upon notice to the other party, the parties shall meet within fifteen (15) days to begin negotiations for successor language. Impasse reached in this section shall be governed by \napplicable State Employment Relations Board (SERB) law. \n \nARTICLE 23 - SPECIAL LEAVE WITH PAY \n \nSection 23.1. Military Leave. \n \n(A) Full-time employees who are members of the Ohio National Guard, U.S. Air \nForce Reserve, U.S. Army Reserve, U.S. Marine Corps Reserve, U.S. Naval \nReserve or U.S. Coast Guard Reserve shall be granted military leave of absence \nwith pay when ordered to temporary active duty (e.g. active duty for training or annual training) for a period or periods not to exceed twenty-two (22) eight (8) hour work days (176 hours), whether or not consecutive, during each calendar year. Active duty does not include inactive duty training (e.g. unit training assemblies). In the event the Chief Executive Officer of the State of Ohio or the \nChief Executive Officer of the United States declares a state of emergency \nexists, the employee, if ordered to active duty for purposes of that emergency, \nshall be paid pursuant to this Section 23.1 for a period or periods, not to exceed \ntwenty-two (22) eight (8) hour work days (176 hours), whether or not consecutive, during each calendar year. \n \n - 60 -(B) An employee shall be paid his/her regular salary for each scheduled workday \nsuch employee is absent during military leave of absence with pay as authorized \nby this Section 23.1. \n (C) The City shall comply with all applic able Federal and State laws, and any City \nordinances relating to the granting of military leave and reinstating employees \nupon the conclusion of said leave. \n \nSection 23.2. Jury Duty Leave.\n \n \n(A) Full-time employee serving upon a jury in any court of record of Franklin County, \nOhio, or adjoining counties shall be paid his/her regular salary for the period of time so served. Time so served upon a jury shall be deemed active service with the City for all purposes , including perfect attendance. The employee is required \nto obtain a signed record from the courts to document the time spent on jury duty. Upon receipt of payment for jury service during regular working hours, the employee shall deposit such funds with the City Treasurer. An employee on jury \nduty leave who is normally assigned to the second or third shift in a twenty-four \n(24) hour continuous operation shall be assigned to the first shift, Monday \nthrough Friday, for the duration of his/her jury duty. \n \n Part-time regular employees serving upon a ju ry in any court of record of Franklin \nCounty, Ohio, or adjoining counties shall be paid his/her regular hourly rate for any period of time so served during the employee’s scheduled work hours. Time \nso served upon a jury shall be deemed active service with the City for all \npurposes. The employee is required to obtain a signed record from the courts to \ndocument the time spent on jury duty. U pon receipt of payment for jury service \nwhich occurs during the employee’s scheduled work hours, the employee shall deposit such funds with the City Treasurer. \n \n(B) When the employee receives notice for jury duty in any court of record of Franklin \nCounty, Ohio, or in any adjoining county, he/she shall present such notice to his/her immediate supervisor. A copy will be made of the notice and filed and recorded in the employee's personnel file. \n \n(1) When notified by the court to report for jury duty on a day certain, a time \nreport shall be completed and signed by the assignment commissioner or appropriate court official for each day during jury service setting forth the time of arrival and departure from the court. Such record shall be presented by the employee to his/her supervisor upon return to work. \n \n(2) When an employee is required to be in court for jury duty he/she shall \nreport directly to court. If an employ ee is released from Jury Duty two (2) \nor more hours prior to the end of his/her assigned shift, or if an employee \nis not required to report for Jury Duty until two (2) hours after the beginning of his/her assigned shift, he/she shall return/report to work. Alternatively, the employee, at his/her option, may charge such duty time \nat the beginning or end of his/her shift as vacation leave or compensatory \ntime. \n \n - 61 -Section 23.3. Examination Leave. \nProvisional employees shall be permitted time off with pay to participate in City Civil Service \ntests for their current position. All employees shall be permitted time off with pay to participate in \nCity Civil Service tests for promotions (i.e., te sting for a higher rated job classification than the \nemployee currently holds). Any employee taking a required examination pertinent to his/her \ncurrent City position before a state or federal licensing board shall be permitted time off with pay \nprovided the Appointing Authority is given prior notice as soon as the employee knows the date of the examination. Section 23.4. Court Leave.\n \n \n(A) Time off with pay shall be granted employees who are subpoenaed to attend any \nlegal proceedings as a witness on behalf of the City of Columbus. Vacation leave or leave without pay shall be granted to employees who are subpoenaed for \nother purposes. The provisions of Section 23.2 above shall apply in such cases. \nIn the event an employee is required to appear as a witness in a legal proceeding on behalf of a governmental body other than the City, the Director of the Department of Human Resources or designee shall consider and may grant leave with pay, if appropriate. \n (B) Whenever employees are required, as a term of their employment, to appear in \nCourt to testify as a witness, they shall not be required to furnish their home \naddresses or telephone numbers, unless directed to do so by the Court. \n \nSection 23.5. Disaster Leave.\n \nTime off with pay shall be allowed to a fully qualified employee for service in specialized disaster \nrelief service for the American Red Cross. Said leave shall be granted only after the requisition of the individual serving in such capacity by the American Red Cross. Eligibility of any employee for such service shall be established prior to the granting of leave and subject to the approval of the Appointing Authority for the individual involved. Section 23.6. Betty Brzezinski Living Organ Donor Leave.\n \nA full-time employee in active service will be eligible to receive regular pay for up to two hundred forty (240) hours of leave per year for the employee’s donation of any portion of an adult liver, \nlung or pancreas or because of the employee’s donation of an adult kidney. \nA full-time employee in active service is eligible to receive regular pay for up to fifty-six (56) \nhours of leave per year for the employee’s donation of adult bone marrow. Such leave shall be charged as Family Medical Leave (FMLA) as provided in Article 24 of the \ncontract and shall be subject to the twelve (12) week per year limitation for the length of an \nFMLA leave provided the employee qualifies as provided in Section 24.7. \n \nPaid time off pursuant to the Section is subject to review of appropriate medical documentation \nby the Director of Human Resources or designee. \n - 62 - \nARTICLE 24 - LEAVE WITHOUT PAY \n \nSection 24.1. Away Without Leave. \nAn employee who is absent from work with the approval of the Appointing Authority or designee, \nwhether in paid or unpaid status, is excused and shall not be subject to disciplinary action. An \nemployee who is away without leave, or AWOL , may be subject to disciplinary action. AWOL \nincludes, but is not limited to, the following situations: \n(A) The employee does not call off by following the proper procedure and does not \nreport for work; \n \n(B) The employee does not have enough accrued leave time to cover his/her \nabsence; \n \n(C) The employee leaves the workplace without notifying and/or securing the \napproval of his/her supervisor, or if u navailable, the next available supervisor \nwithin his/her chain of command; \n \n(D) The employee leaves the workplace without adequate approval, e.g., he/she \nleaves a written request for leave but leaves without finding out if his/her \nsupervisor, or if unavailable, the next available supervisor within his/her chain of command, has approved the request; \n \n(E) The employee fails to show or call off for scheduled overtime; \n \n(F) The employee reports to work but is seven (7) or more minutes late; and/or \n \n(G) The employee fails to follow the proper call off procedure. \n These instances of AWOL are not equivalent for purposes of discipline, and discipline will be commensurate with the offense. \nSection 24.2. Unpaid Personal Leave.\n \nThe Appointing Authority may at his/her sole discretion grant unpaid leave to employees for \ngood cause. Such leave shall not normally exceed sixty (60) days, except that the Appointing Authority at his/her sole discretion may extend beyond the sixty (60) day period. \n \nSection 24.3. Unpaid Educational Leave.\n \nEmployees may be granted a leave of absence without pay by the Appointing Authority, for educational purposes. Such leave shall initially be limited to sixty (60) calendar days with possible extensions up to one (1) year provided such further educational pursuits are related to the operations of the City. \n - 63 -Section 24.4. Unpaid Union Leave. \n \n(A) Long Term . At the request of the Union, a leave of absence without pay shall be \ngranted to any classified employee who is a member of the Union and who is \nselected for the Union office or employed by a Union for a fixed term of office, subject to the approval of the Appointing Authority. Such leave shall initially be limited to sixty (60) calendar days with possible extensions up to one (1) year. \nSuch service will not constitute a break in service for seniority rights or promotional examination administer ed by the Civil Service Commission. \n \n(B) Short Term\n. At the request of the Union, a leave of absence without pay shall be \ngranted to any classified employee who is a member of the Union to attend a \nconvention or other similar functions of short duration subject to the approval of the Appointing Authority. Such leave of absence will affect neither his/her sick \nleave and vacation leave accruals, premium pay computations, and/or \nanniversary date for increases or seniority; nor will it constitute a break in service for computing service credits for Civil Service examinations. \n \nSection 24.5. Leave of Absence to Accept Provisional Appointment.\n \nAn employee with permanent status who accept s a provisional appointment shall be granted a \nleave of absence for a period of two (2) years fr om his/her permanent classification position. \nThis section does not prohibit an employee from requesting a leave of absence in excess of two (2) years. Such leave may be granted by the Appointing Authority. \n \nSection 24.6. Military Leave of Absence.\n \nAn employee shall be granted a leave of absence to serve in the Armed Forces of the United States of America or any branch thereof. The City shall comply with all applicable Federal laws \nrelating to the granting of military leave and reinstating employees upon the conclusion of said leave. Such leave of absence shall be governed by the following principles: \n \n(A) No employee shall lose his/her rank, grade or seniority enjoyed at the time of \nhis/her enlistment, induction or call into the active service of the Armed Forces of \nthe United States of America or any branch thereof. \n (B) Any employee, upon his/her discharge from the Armed Forces, other than a \ndishonorable discharge, shall be returned to the position he/she held immediately \nprior to his/her enlistment or induction into the Armed Forces or to a position of \nequal rank and grade. This reinstatement is conditioned on the employee establishing the fact that his/her physical and mental condition has not been impaired to the extent of rendering him/her incompetent to perform the duties of the position he/she previously held. Such employee must request restoration to \nhis/her position within ninety (90) calendar days of receiving a discharge, other \nthan a dishonorable discharge, from the Armed Forces or his/her position will be declared vacant. Nothing contained in this Section 24.6 shall obligate the City to pay an employee who is on military leave of absence except under the conditions \nset forth in Section 23.1 of this contract. \n \n(C) An employee selected from an eligible list and having completed the probationary \nperiod who is serving in a position vacated temporarily due to the previous incumbent being in the Armed Forces, shall be determined to have been given a \n - 64 -permanent appointment if the returning employee does not return to work within \nthe prescribed time. \n \n(D) The term \"Armed Forces of the United States\" as used in this Section 24.6 shall \nbe deemed to include such services as designated by the Congress of the United \nStates. \n (E) Any employee who is transferred or advanced to a position by reason of a \nvacancy caused by an employee serving in the Armed Forces shall be returned \nto the position he/she held before said transfer or advancement or to a position of equal rank or grade, upon the return of the employee from the Armed Forces. \n (F) An employee appointed from an eligible list for assignment to a temporary \nposition with the City, becoming availabl e by virtue of an employee enlisting or \nbeing inducted or called into the Armed Forces, shall be reinstated to the eligible list upon completion of the temporary employment. \n (G) In any case where two (2) or more em ployees who are entitled to be restored to \na position left the same position in order to enter the Armed Forces, the \nemployee with greatest seniority in that classification shall have the prior \nrestoration right without prejudice to the reemployment rights of the other employee or employees to be restored. \n (H) Where service in the Armed Forces results from induction or call to active duty, \nleave shall be granted for the duration of such call. \n \nSection 24.7. Family and Medical Leave Act (FMLA) Leave.\n \n \n(A) Employees who have worked for the City for at least twelve (12) months, and \nhave worked for at least 1,250 hours over the twelve (12) month period \npreceding the leave, shall be eligible for up to twelve (12) weeks of unpaid leave \nper twelve (12) month period for the following: \n \n(1) For birth of a son or daughter, and to care for the newborn child; \n \n(2) For placement with the employee of a son or daughter for adoption or \nfoster care. Adoption is limited to a child of eighteen (18) years of age or younger unless the child is incapable of self-care because of a physical or \nmental disability; \n \n(3) To care for the employee's spouse, child or parent with a serious health \ncondition; \n \n(4) Because of a serious health condition that makes the employee unable to \nperform the functions of the employee's job. \n \n - 65 -(B) For the purposes of Section 24.7(A): \n \n(1) FMLA leave shall be granted for an employee's \"spouse\" as defined by \nOhio law (i.e., unmarried domestic partners are not included). If both \nspouses are working for the City, their total leave in any twelve (12) month period shall be limited to an aggregate of twelve (12) weeks if the leave is taken for either the birth or adoption of a child or to care for a sick parent. \n \n(2) \"Child\" means a child either under eighteen (18) years of age or eighteen \n(18) years or older who is incapabl e of self-care because of mental or \nphysical disability. An employee's \"child\" is one for whom the employee \nhas actual day-to-day responsibility for care and includes a biological, adopted, foster or stepchild or the child of one standing in loco parentis. \n (3) \"Parent\" means a biological parent or an individual who stands or stood in \nloco parentis to an employee when the employee was a child. This term does not include parents \"in law.\" \n \n(4) An employee's right to leave for the birth or adoption of a child ends \ntwelve (12) months after the child's birth or placement with the employee. \n \n(5) The City retains the option of choosing a uniform method to compute the \ntwelve (12) month period, including a rolling twelve (12) month period measured backward from the date leave is used. \n \n(6) The City retains the right to require written documentation of the family \nrelationship, when applicable. \n \n(C) For the purposes of Sections 24.7(A)(3) and (4), a \"serious health condition\" \nmeans an illness, injury, impairment or a physical or mental condition that involves: \n \n(1) Any period of incapacity or treatment in connection with or consequent to \ninpatient care (i.e., an overnight stay) in a hospital, hospice or residential medical facility; \n (2) Any period of incapacity requiring absence from work, school or other \nregular daily activities of more than three (3) calendar days, and that also involves continuing treatment by (or under the supervision of) a health care provider; or \n \n(3) Continuing treatment by (or under the supervision of) a health care \nprovider for a chronic or a long-term health condition that is incurable or so serious that, if not treated, would likely result in a period of incapacity of more than three (3) calendar days; or \n \n(4) Prenatal care by a health care provider. \n \n - 66 -(D) Employees may take FMLA leave inte rmittently or on a reduced leave schedule \nonly when medically necessary because of the employee's own serious health \ncondition or the serious health condition of the employee's spouse, child or \nparent. If leave is requested on this basis, however, the City may require the \nemployee to transfer temporarily to an alternative position which better accommodates recurring periods of absence or a part-time schedule, provided that the position has equivalent pay and benefits. \n \n(E) Upon return from FMLA leave, the employee shall be returned to the position \nheld prior to the leave or an equivalent position. \n \n(F) The City shall maintain health insurance benefits for the duration of FMLA leave \nat the level and under the same conditions (including employee premium contributions) and coverage that would have been provided if the employee had \ncontinued in active work status for the duration of the leave. \n \n(G) During an unpaid FMLA leave, subject to Section 13.2 (regarding accumulation \nof seniority) an employee shall not continue to accrue seniority and shall not \naccrue any employment benefits for the period of the leave, except for \ncontinuation of insurance benefits as provided in Paragraph (F) immediately \nabove. \n \n(H) All accrued sick leave benefits must be ut ilized for any FMLA leave taken for any \nreason which qualifies for sick leave under Article 20 of this Contract. All accrued vacation leave benefits must be substituted for all or part of any unpaid FMLA \nleave taken after sick leave benefits have first been exhausted or for any FMLA \nleave for which sick leave is not applicable. \n (I) The following notice and scheduling requirements shall apply to FMLA leave \nrequests, unless the FMLA leave is being charged to sick or vacation leave, in \nwhich case the notice requirements for sick leave in Article 20 or for vacation \nleave in Article 19 of this Contract shall apply. (1) Employees must give thirty (30) days notice to the City before taking \nFMLA leave, if the need for leave is foreseeable. If the need for leave is not foreseeable, the employee must notify the City as soon as is \npracticable (normally no later than twenty-four (24) hours after the need \nfor the leave becomes known). \n \n(2) If an employee has actual notice of the notice requirement stated in \n24.7(I)(1) above (this requirement of act ual notice is fulfilled by posting a \nnotice at the worksite), and fails to provide the City with thirty (30) days notice for a foreseeable leave with no reasonable excuse for the delay, the City may deny the taking of leave until at least thirty (30) days after the employee provides notice. \n (3) Employees shall provide at least verbal notice sufficient to make the City \naware that the employee needs FMLA-qualifying leave, and the anticipated timing and duration of the leave. The City may inquire further \n - 67 -of the employee when additional information is needed to determine \nwhether FMLA leave is to be taken. \n \n(4) If an employee takes leave based on the serious health condition of the \nemployee or to care for a family member, the employee must make a \nreasonable effort to schedule treatment so as to not unduly disrupt the City's operation. If an employee does not initiate discussions with the City to attempt to arrange a mutually agreeable treatment schedule, the City may initiate such discussions and require the employee to attempt to \nmake such arrangements, subject to the approval of the health care \nprovider. \n \n(J) The following medical certification requirements shall apply to FMLA leave \nrequests: \n \n(1) Employees who request leave because of their own serious health \ncondition or the serious health condition of a covered family member shall be required to provide a certification issued by the health care provider of the employee or the employee's fam ily member on a form acceptable to \nthe Director of the Department of Human Resources or designee in accordance with Department of Labor regulations. For the employee's own medical leave, the certification must include, among other things, the date the condition commenced, probable duration of incapacity, a statement that the employee is unable to perform the functions of the employee's position, and a statement of the regimen of treatment \nprescribed for the condition by the health care provider (including \nestimated number of visits, nature, frequency, and duration of treatment). For leave to care for a seriously ill child, spouse or parent, the certification must include, among other things, the date the condition commenced, probable duration of incapacity, a statement that the patient requires \nassistance for basic medical, hygiene, nutritional needs, safety or \ntransportation, or that the employee's presence or assistance would be beneficial or desirable for the care of the family member, and an estimate of the amount of time the employee is needed to provide care. \n \n(2) The City shall give employees requesting FMLA leave written notice of \nthe requirement for medical certification. \n (3) In its discretion, the City may require a second medical opinion and \nperiodic re-certification at its own expense. If the first and second opinions differ, the City, at its own expense, may obtain the binding \nopinion of a third health care provider, approved jointly by the employee \nand the City. \n \n(4) Employees must provide the requested certification to the City within the \ntime frame requested by the City, unless it is not practicable under the particular circumstances to do so despite the employee's diligent, good \nfaith efforts. The City must allow at least fifteen (15) calendar days after \nthe City's request for certification. \n \n - 68 -(5) In most cases, the City shall request that an employee furnish certification \nfrom a health care provider at the time the employee requests leave or \nsoon after the leave is requested or in the case of unforeseen leave, soon \nafter the leave commences. The City may request certification or re-\ncertification at some later date if the City has reason to question the appropriateness of the leave or its duration, if circumstances have changed significantly or if any extension of the leave is requested. If the City believes the certification is incomplete, it shall notify the employee and allow an opportunity to correct the deficiency. In the case of a \ncomplete certification which is unclear, the City's health care provider \nmay, with the employee's permission, contact the employee's health care \nprovider to clarify and authenticate the certification. \n \n(6) Certification shall be submitted using a form approved by the Director of \nthe Department of Human Resources for use by employees consistent \nwith the FMLA. \n (7) All employees who take FMLA leave because of their own serious health \ncondition shall be required to provide medical certification of their fitness \nto report back to work. The City may seek fitness for duty certification only \nwith regard to the particular health condition that caused the employee's need for FMLA leave. \n \n(K) The City may require an employee on FMLA leave to report periodically on the \nemployee's status and intent to return to work. An FMLA leave will not be granted \nto permit an employee to accept gainful employment elsewhere, including self-employment. If an employee gives unequivocal notice of intent not to return, the City's obligations under FMLA to maintain health benefits (subject to COBRA requirements) and to restore the employee cease. \n \n(L) Leaves that are granted under any other provision of this Contract or under State \nlaw, whether paid or unpaid, including sick, disability and injury leave as provided \nin Articles 20, 21 and 22, respectively, for purposes which are covered under the Family Medical Leave Act, shall be charged as FMLA Leave and shall be subject \nto the twelve (12) week per year limitation for the length of an FMLA leave. \n \n(M) The City, in its discretion, may implement the FMLA consistent with the foregoing \nprovisions of this Section 24.7 and in accordance with any Department of Labor \nregulations, which may be in effect from time to time. \n - 69 - \nARTICLE 25 - DRUG AND ALCOHOL TESTING \n \nSection 25.1. Prohibited Conduct. \nEmployees shall be prohibited from: \n \n(A) Reporting to work or working under the influence of alcohol; or \n \n(B) Consuming or possessing alcohol at any time while on duty, or anywhere on any \nCity premises or in any City vehicle; or \n \n(C) Possessing, using, being under the influence of, selling, purchasing, \nmanufacturing, dispensing or delivering any illegal drug at any time and at any \nplace; or \n \n(D) Abusing, illegally distributing or selling any prescription drug; or \n \n(E) Failing to report to their supervisor any work-related restrictions imposed as a \nresult of prescription or over-the-counter medication they are taking; or \n \n(F) Using any adulterants or otherwise tampering with the specimen; or \n \n(G) Refusing to take a drug and/or alcohol test. \n \nSection 25.2. Testing to be Conducted. \n \n(A) Reasonable Suspicion . When the City has reason to believe an employee is: 1) \nunder the influence of alcohol, or consuming or possessing alcohol in violation of \nthis Article; or 2) is possessing, using or under the influence of illegal drugs; or 3) \nis abusing prescription drugs, the City shall require the employee to submit to drug and alcohol testing. \n \nTesting procedures will be comparable to those set forth in Federal regulations governing drug and alcohol testing for CDL holders; except as follows. An \nemployee with an alcohol level of .04 to .06 shall be relieved of duty but the result \nwill not be considered positive. Alcohol levels of higher than .06 shall be considered positive; the employee will be referred to EAP and will be required to \ntake a return-to-duty test. The parties will work together to improve the process of \nreasonable suspicion testing. \n \nThe City shall hold harmless any employee or supervisor, who, in good faith and \nwith just cause, recommends that an employee be tested for drugs and/or alcohol. \n \n(B) Random Testing\n. All employees required to possess a Commercial Drivers \nLicense (CDL) shall be subject to random drug and alcohol testing pursuant to federal law and guidelines and the Drug and Alcohol Testing Policy in effect on April 1, 2002. \n - 70 - \n(C) Post-Accident Testing. All employees, while driving a City vehicle, who are \ninvolved in a vehicular accident where any of the following occur: \n \n(1) A fatality; or \n(2) The employee receives a citation and the City vehicle is disabled and \nrequires a tow; or \n(3) The employee receives a citation and someone involved in the accident \nrequires off-site medical treatment, \n \nshall be required to submit to drug and alcohol testing under the procedures for reasonable suspicion drug and alcohol testing set forth in Section 25.3 below. \n \n Section 25.3. Procedures.\n \n \n(A) Any employee who tests positive for drugs and/or alcohol shall be relieved of \nduty without pay (unless the employee elects to use his/her available vacation or \ncompensatory time balances) and referred to the City’s Employee Assistance Program (EAP). Before returning to work after a positive test result, an employee \nmust take a return-to-duty test and test negative. An employee shall be subject to \nfollow-up testing for one (1) year. \n (B) Any employee who voluntarily requests drug and/or alcohol education and/or \ntreatment shall not be disciplined in connection with that request, if the request is \ndone prior to selection for random testing. \n \n(C) Failure to cooperate and a refusal to test shall be construed as a positive test \nresult. Any drug test which reveals the presence of adulterants shall be \nconstrued as a positive test. \n \n(D) Any employee that has completed his/her initial probationary period who tests \npositive the first time will not be disciplined for the positive result, although he/she \nmay be disciplined for other work rule or policy violations in connection with that positive result. A second positive drug or alcohol test shall result in discipline up to and including termination of employment. \n \n(E) Any employee who tests between .04 - .06 of alcohol shall be relieved of duty for \nthe remainder of his/her scheduled work day, but may elect to use vacation leave or compensatory time to cover this absence. \n \n(F) The City shall maintain a policy and procedure for drug and alcohol testing \nconsistent with the terms and provisions of this Contract. \n (G) The City will continue to conduct training on the reasonable suspicion and the \nrandom drug and alcohol testing process. This training will be provided to all affected employees, supervisors and Union representatives. \n \n(H) The City and the Union will make reasonable efforts to encourage self-referral to \nthe EAP for education and treatment programs, upon request. \n \nARTICLE 26 - WAGE AND COMPENSATION PLAN \n \n \nSection 26.1. General Pay Plan. \n \n (A) Pay Ranges and Rates of Pay . \n \n(1) Effective at the beginning of the pay period which includes April 1, 2008, \nthe following pay ranges and hourly rates of pay are hereby established \nas the \"General Pay Plan\" of this Contract. These pay ranges and hourly \nrates of pay shall be applied to the several classes of positions as set \nforth in Appendix A. \n \n3% \n \n \n \n \n - 71 - (2) Effective at the beginning of the pay period which includes April 1, 2009, \nthe following pay ranges and hourly rates of pay are hereby established \nas the \"General Pay Plan\" of this Contract. These pay ranges and hourly \nrates of pay shall be applied to the several classes of positions as set \nforth in Appendix A. \n \n3% \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n - 72 - (3) Effective at the beginning of the pay period which includes April 1, 2010, \nthe following pay ranges and hourly rates of pay are hereby established \nas the \"General Pay Plan\" of this Contract. These pay ranges and hourly \nrates of pay shall be applied to the several classes of positions as set \nforth in Appendix A. \n \n3%\n \n \n \n (B) The pay plan shall be applied in the following manner: \n \n (1) All employees will be paid at Step 0 during their first year of continuous \nservice. Any employee initially hired after June 5, 2005 shall be paid in \nStep A. \n \n (2) Upon completion of each year of continuous service all employees will \nadvance one step in their respective pay range until they reach Step 5. \n \n (3) At no time will an employee be paid higher than the maximum hourly rate \n \n - 73 - \n - 74 -of any step. \n \n (C) Each year of continuous service shall be based upon an employee's continuous \nservice as defined in Article 2. Solely for purposes of Section 26.1(A) and 26.1(B) \nof this Contract, a part-time employee will be deemed to have completed one (1) \nyear of continuous service when he/she has accumulated more than 2,080 hours \nin paid status with no separation from City employment. \n \n(D) Employees shall qualify for the step in creases provided for under this Section \n26.1 on the first day of the pay period following completion of each required \nperiod of continuous service. \n \nSection 26.2. Contributions to the Public Employees Retirement System of Ohio. \n \n (A) The term \"earned compensation\" shall mean any and all monies earned by an \nemployee from the City of Columbus, for which there is a pension contribution. \n \n (B) For full-time employees, that portion of an employee's contribution made to the \nOhio Public Employees Retirement Syst em equal to ten percent (10%) of the \nemployee's earned compensation shall be picked up (assumed and paid) on \nbehalf of the employee, and in lieu of paym ent by the employee, by the City of \nColumbus. The provisions of this par agraph shall apply uniformly to employees \nand no such employee shall have the option to elect a wage increase or other \nbenefit in lieu of the payment provided for herein. \n \n (C) For part-time employees, that porti on of an employee's contribution made to the \nOhio Public Employees Retirement System equal to six percent (6%) of the \nemployee's earned compensation shall be picked up (assumed and paid) on \nbehalf of the employee, and in lieu of paym ent by the employee, by the City of \nColumbus. The provisions of this par agraph shall apply uniformly to employees \nand no such employee shall have the option to elect a wage increase or other \nbenefit in lieu of the payment provided for herein. \n \n (D) The City shall, in reporting and making remittances to the Ohio Public Employee \nRetirement System, report that each employee's contribution has been made as \nprovided by statute. \n \n (E) The City hereby declares that the sum paid hereunder by the City on behalf of an \nemployee, in Paragraphs (B) and (C), of the employee's earned compensation, is \nnot to be considered additional salary or wages and shall not be treated as \nincreased compensation. For purposes of computing the employee's earnings or \nbasis of his/her contribution to the Ohio Public Employees Retirement System, \nthe amount paid by the City on behalf of an employee as a portion of his/her \nstatutory obligation is intended to be and shall be considered as having been \npaid by the employee in fulfillment of his/her statutory obligation. \n \n (F) If, at any time, the Ohio Public Employee Retirement System reduces the \nemployee contribution to an amount less than ten percent (10%), the City's \nobligation shall be reduced accordingly with no further requirement to adjust \n - 75 -employees' compensation. \n \nSection 26.3. Administration of Pay Plan. \n \n (A) Pay Rates . All employees in the bargaining unit shall be granted a three percent \n(3%) pay increase effective at the beginning of the pay period which includes \nApril 1, 2008; a three percent (3%) increase effective at the beginning of the pay \nperiod which includes April 1, 2009; and a three percent (3%) increase effective \nat the beginning of the pay period which includes April 1, 2010. The hourly rate of \npay of each employee of the City shall be at the sole pay rate for employees \nwhose classes are assigned to Pay Range 29 or below. Employees whose \nclasses are assigned to Pay Range 30 or above shall be paid as provided herein, \nor at an hourly rate authorized for that pay range as provided in Subsection (B), \n(C), and (D) below. Changes in pay made to any rate in Pay Range 30 and \nabove shall be effective at the beginning of the next pay period following written \nnotice by the Appointing Authority to the Civil Service Commission. Except as set \nforth in this Article, the City will not unilaterally change an employee’s Pay \nRange. \n \n (B) New Hiring Rate . The hiring rate for a class shall be at the lowest pay rate in the \nrange except as otherwise provided herein. Wherein a multiple pay range is \nestablished for a classification, the Appointing Authority will designate the range \nat which the employee shall be paid in Step 0. Any employee initially hired after \nJune 5, 2005 shall be paid in Step A. \n \n (C) Demotion . Whenever an employee is reduced from his/her class to a class which \nis assigned more than one pay range or more than one pay rate, the Appointing \nAuthority shall have the sole discretion as to which range or rate the employee is \nentitled to be paid within the new class. \n \n (D) Local 1632 Merit Increases. The City shall continue a merit pay review system \nfor bargaining unit employees assigned to classifications with variable pay \nranges and/or pay ranges 30 and above. Each employee shall be evaluated once \nevery two (2) years (provided the conditions set forth below are met) based on \nthe employee’s classification seniority dat e. If an employee meets or exceeds the \nrequirements of the merit pay review system, the Appointing Authority or \ndesignee may approve a merit pay increase for him/her. If an employee has \nreached the highest step of the highest pay range(s) assigned to his/her \nclassification, and otherwise qualifies for a merit increase, the Appointing \nAuthority or designee may give that employee a merit bonus of one hundred fifty \ndollars ($150), less taxes and appropriate deductions. For those employees \nwhose seniority date falls on or after July 1, 2008, the merit bonus increases to \ntwo hundred dollars ($200). If an employee is denied a merit pay increase, the \nemployee shall be provided the reason(s) for such denial in writing. A merit \nincrease will not be denied solely on the basis of a lack of funding. \n \nAny employee hired after June 1, 2003 will be eligible for merit consideration \nafter successful progression through Step 5. \n - 76 - For those employees whose classification s eniority date falls on or after July 1, \n2008, after July 1, 2008, any applicable merit increase must be given no later \nthan the first day of the first pay period following the ninetieth (90th) day after the \nemployee’s classification seniority date. Any merit increase processed after that date will be retroactive to said date. \n \n (E) Additional Compensation or Benefits . Except as provided in Section 26.7 of this \nContract, no employee shall receive, and the City Treasurer shall not draw any \nchecks or any additional compensation in any form, sick and injury leave, \nvacation, insurance coverage and any and all other benefits and privileges, for \nany employee who substitutes or acts for another in the position of another, other \nthan the position to which he/she was appointed pursuant to the Ohio \nConstitution, City Charter provisions, and the rules and regulations of the Civil \nService Commission. No Appointing Authority shall appoint any person or submit \nany personnel action form contrary to said constitution, charter, rules and \nregulations, and the provisions of this Contract. \n \n (F) Payroll Deductions . Payroll deductions shall be governed first by the ability of the \nCity Auditor's payroll system to handle them, and secondly, upon a determination \nby the City of the type of payroll deductions which are to be offered to employees \nand also based upon which ones will benefit the largest number of employees. \nDeductions or withholdings, except where demanded or required by law, must be \nagreed to in writing by the employee with the specific reason stated in writing and \nfiled with the Appointing Authority. \n \n (G) City Council Authorization Required . Neither the Civil Service Commission nor \nthe City Auditor shall approve and/or pay any pay rate based on the assignment \nof any class to a pay range not specifica lly authorized by Board of Health, except \nas provided in Article 26.7. \n \nSection 26.4. Report-In Pay. \nWhen any full-time employee reports for work in his/her regular shift and has not received \nwritten notification from the Appointing Authority or his/her designee by the previous workday \nnot to report, he/she shall be assigned at least three (3) hours of work at any available job, or in \nthe event that no work is available, he/she shall be paid three (3) hours straight-time at his/her \nregular hourly rate and released from duty no more than thirty (30) minutes after the report-in \ntime. All written notices not to report shall be countersigned by the employee affected. Where \nwritten notice is provided, the written notice may direct employees not to report to work for \nmultiple work days. This Section 26.4 shall not apply in hazardous weather conditions as set \nforth in Section 30.11. \n \nSection 26.5. Call-Back Pay. \nA call-back is defined as an unscheduled work assignment which does not immediately precede or follow an employee's scheduled work hours (this provision, for example, does not apply to a \npre-scheduled early call-in or in cases of overtime authorized as an extension of a regular shift). \nIn any situation where notification of the overtime is given prior to the end of a scheduled shift, call-back pay shall not apply. When any full-ti me employee is required by the Appointing \nAuthority or his/her designee to report to work after he/she has been relieved of duty upon the completion of the employee's regular schedule and he/she does so report, he/she shall be paid \n - 77 -for a minimum of four (4) hours at time and one-half his regular hourly rate, except that if the \ncall-back occurs on the second regular day off and the employee is eligible for double time, he/she shall be paid at the double time rate for a minimum of four (4) hours. If the call-back \noccurs within two (2) hours of the start of the employee's regular shift, he/she shall be paid a \nminimum of two (2) hours at time and one-half his/her regular hourly rate. If an employee is called back to work, he/she will be paid from the ti me he/she leaves his/her home until the time \nhe/she is released from duty, subject to the above stated provisions. This provision does not apply in cases of overtime authorized as an extension of a regular shift. \n \nSection 26.6. Shift Differential. \n \n (A) The Appointing Authority, at the time of hire, shall designate or assign the \napplicable shift for each new hire and such assignments shall not abridge the \nseniority rights of employees. The shift designation shall determine the shift \ndifferential for the entire shift. The provisions of this Section apply to full-time and \npart-time employees. \n \n (B) A differential in pay of fifty-two cents ($.52) per hour over the regular hourly rate \nshall be paid to employees who are assigned to work eight (8) hours on the \nsecond shift; a differential of sixty cents ($.60) per hour over the regular hourly \nrate shall be paid to employees who are assigned to work eight (8) hours on the \nthird shift. \n \n(C) Those employees whose regularly assigned sh ift is a rotating shift shall be paid a \nshift differential of sixty cents ($.60) per hour over the regular hourly rate for all \nhours worked regardless of shift. \n \n (D) For purposes of computing leave with pay, except for compensatory time, shift \ndifferential shall not be paid in addition to regular pay. \n \n (E) In those departments, divisions, sections, offices, and programs where only one \n(1) shift prevails, no differential shall be paid regardless of the hours of the day \nthat are worked. \n \n (F) Shift differential pay shall be added to the base hourly rate prior to computing the \novertime rate. \n \n (G) Any employee who participates in a flextime program shall not qualify for shift \ndifferential pay. \n \nSection 26.7. Working Out of Classification Pay. \nEmployees in full-time non-seasonal job classifications who are temporarily assigned to a \nclassification with a higher wage rate, will be paid four percent (4%) above the employee's \ncurrent rate for each hour worked in the higher class upon completing four (4) consecutive \nhours in the higher class in a workday. Working out of class assignments are not to be used in \nlieu of seeking approval for filling a vacant position, nor for the sole purpose of paying an \nemployee at a higher class in circumvention of the requirements set forth by the Civil Service \nCommission. \n \n - 78 -Section 26.8. Service Credit. \nA service credit payment shall be paid during December of each year to those full-time \nemployees of the City, who are in active service, paid status or authorized leave without pay as \nof November 30 of each calendar year. The computation of the total years of continuous service \nas set forth in the following schedule shall be based upon paid status as a full-time employee as \nof November 30 of the appropriate calendar year. For the sole purpose of determining service \ncredit in this Section 26.9, the years of continuous service in the schedule below shall include \nmilitary leave without pay, leave without pay due to a City injury when the employee is receiving \npayments in lieu of wages from the Ohio Bureau of Workers' Compensation, and other \nadministrative leave without pay as authorized by the Appointing Authority for activities \nconnected with City employee relations. No service credit shall be allowed or paid to any \nemployee for time lost for any other leave without pay or time lost as a result of disciplinary \naction. \n \nSERVICE CREDIT PAYMENT SCHEDULE \nMore than 5 years of continuous service $550 \nMore than 8 years of continuous service $650 \nMore than 14 years of continuous service $750 \nMore than 20 years of continuous service $850 \nMore than 25 years of continuous service $950 \n \nSection 26.9. Police Communication Technician Training Pay. \nA full-time employee classified as Police Communication Technician who teaches a class of \nemployees in a classroom setting (e.g. not in t he Radio Room) will be paid four percent (4%) \nabove the employee's regular hourly rate for each hour of training. Effective August 1, 2008, a \nfull-time employee classified as Police Communication Technician who instructs new employees will be paid four percent (4%) for each hour of instruction. The selection of Police \nCommunication Technicians to teach newly hire d Police Communication Technicians will be at \nthe sole discretion of the Appointing Authority. \n \nSection 26.10. Pay Review Committee. \nThe City and Union agree to recognize the existing Pay Review Committee, comprised of City \nand Union members, to review pay range inequities resulting in difficulties in recruiting or \nretaining employees or resulting from clas sification action taken by the Civil Service \nCommission. Other inequities may be considered as determined by a consensus of the \nCommittee members or by the Director of the Department of Human Resources. \n \nSection 26.11. Perfect Attendance. \nEach employee who has perfect attendance for a full quarter of a payroll year shall receive one \nhundred dollars ($100.00) incentive payment for that quarter less taxes and appropriate \ndeductions. Any vacation leave that must be taken or forfeited in accordance with Section 19.3, \nwill not be considered as leave time off when determining perfect attendance for that quarter. \nAny vacation leave donated in accordance with the Time Donation Program set forth in Article \n33 will not be considered as leave time off when determining perfect attendance for that quarter. \n - 79 - \nARTICLE 27 - INSURANCE \n \nSection 27.1. Health Insurance. \nThe City shall continue to provide comprehensive major medical, dental, vision care and \nprescription drug benefits for all full-time employees as are now in effect, with modifications as \ndetailed below, for both the employee and family coverage. Employees hired on or after April 1, \n1987 must complete one (1) year of continuous city service before qualifying for dental and vision benefits; such benefits will become available at the start of the month following the month \nin which they complete one (1) year of continuous service. \n \n(A) Comprehensive Major Medical\n. \n \n(1) Inpatient alcohol or drug treatment (substance abuse) limited to one \nconfinement per calendar year, per individual, with no more than thirty-five (35) calendar days per confinement. \n \n(2) Inpatient psychiatric treatment limited to a sixty (60) day maximum per \ncalendar year. \n \n(3) Outpatient drug treatments are added as a covered benefit. \n(4) Outpatient alcohol or drug treatment (substance abuse) payments will be \nlimited to a fifty percent (50%) co-payment, applied to a total of twenty \nfive (25) visits per calendar year per individual when provided by a non-\nnetwork provider. \n \nOutpatient alcohol or drug treatment (substance abuse) payments will continue to be limited to a total of twenty five (25) visits per calendar year per individual when provided by a network provider. An office co-pay for \nthe visit will apply as specified in Sec. 27.1(A)(23). \n \n(5) Outpatient psychiatric payments will be limited to a sixty/forty percent \n(60/40%) co-payment, applied to a total of twenty-five (25) visits per calendar year when provided by a non-network provider. \n \nOutpatient psychiatric payments will continue to be limited to a total of twenty-five (25) visits per calendar year when provided by a network provider. An office co-pay for the visit will apply as specified in Sec. 27.1(A)(23). \n \n(6) A mental health/substance abuse case management benefit whereby an \neligible participant may elect to exchange unused mental health or \nsubstance abuse inpatient days for other needed mental health or substance abuse benefits as determined medically necessary by the plan \nadministrator. The medical necessity and exchange rate shall be \ndetermined by the plan administrator. \n - 80 - \n(7) Weight loss schedule limited to examination charges only. Food \nsupplements in the treatment of obesity are excluded. \n \n(8) Services rendered by a Hospice Care program will be covered up to a \nmaximum of sixty (60) days. Covered services include those services for which the employee and covered dependents are eligible during a hospital admission. \n \n(9) Physical therapy, occupational therapy and/or chiropractic visits will be \ncovered up to a combined annual maximum of thirty (30) visits per \nperson, based upon medical necessity. \n \n(10) SB 199 Newborns’ and Mothers’ Health Protection Act of 1996 (NMHPA) \nprovided the following minimum coverage for maternity benefits: At least forty-eight (48) hours inpatient hospital care following a normal vaginal delivery; at least ninety-six (96) hours inpatient hospital care following a cesarean section; and physician directed follow-up care. Effective November 8, 1998, language amended the original bill so that the \nminimum stay requirements are not applicable if the mother and attending \nprovider mutually consent that the mother and child can be discharged early. \n (11) A two hundred dollar ($200.00) annual deductible with an eighty/twenty \npercent (80/20%) coinsurance of the next fifteen hundred dollars \n($1,500.00) in reasonable charges or three hundred dollars ($300.00), for \na total out-of-pocket maximum of five hundred dollars ($500.00) per single contract per year. \n (12) A four hundred dollars ($400.00) annual family deductible with an \neighty/twenty percent (80/20%) coinsurance of the next two thousand dollars ($2,000.00) of reasonable charges or four hundred dollars ($400.00), for a total out-of-pocket maximum of eight hundred dollars ($800.00) per family contract per year. \n \n(13) If the employee and/or dependent receives services from a preferred \nprovider (PPO), reimbursements will remain at the current eighty/twenty \npercent (80/20%) coinsurance. If the participating providers are not used, coinsurance will be reduced to sixty/forty percent (60/40%). The additional twenty percent (20%) coinsurance is the employee's responsibility and not subject to the out-of-pocket maximum. Any network \nmodifications made by the plan administrator will apply. \n \n(14) Temporomandibular joint pain dysfunction, syndrome or disease or any \nrelated conditions collectively referred to as \"TMJ\" or \"TMD\" will be \ncovered on the basis of medical necessity, up to a lifetime maximum of two hundred dollars ($200.00). This limit does not apply to surgical \nservices on the jaw hinge. \n \n - 81 -(15) For new hires and their eligible dependents, a pre-existing condition \nclause will apply. In the event medical care or consultation is sought or \nreceived within six (6) months prior to the employee's effective date of \ncoverage, the medical condition will not be payable for twelve (12) \nmonths from the effective date of coverage. \n (16) Effective with office visits occurring ninety (90) days after acceptance of \nthis collective bargaining agreement by City Council, the plan will cover \nroutine physicals, exams, immunizations and diagnostic tests subject to \nan annual maximum of five hundred dollars ($500) per individual for \ncovered persons age 1 (starting the day following the birthday) to age 18 \nbirthday, age 18 and over with a two hundred dollar ($200) maximum; \nwith a twelve hundred ($1200) family maximum. An office visit co-pay shall apply as specified in Paragraph (24) herein. Stress test are payable \nonly if the plan administrator determines that they are medically \nnecessary. House Bill 478 provides coverage for eligible dependents from birth to age 9. \n Effective ninety (90) days after acceptance of this collective bargaining \nagreement by City Council, well baby care from birth to age one (1) birthday including immunizations, exam s, and routine diagnostic services \nare payable under the program up to a seven hundred and fifty dollar ($750) maximum payment for each eligible dependent, subject to the deductible, coinsurance and reasonable charge provisions. \n \n(17) Provide coverage for routine mammograms up to a maximum of one \nhundred twenty-five ($125.00) dollars ($125.00) according to the following \nfrequency: \n \n- one baseline exam for women 35-39 years of age; - one exam every calendar years\n for women age 40 and over. \n \n(18) Effective ninety (90) days after acceptance of this collective bargaining \nagreement by City Council, provide coverage for an annual (one (1) per calendar year) routine prostate/colon rectal cancer tests for men age 40 and over up to a maximum of eighty-five dollars ($85.00). \n \nFor men and women age 40 and over, one sigmoidoscopy exam per three (calendar) year period, will be covered up to a maximum of one hundred dollars ($100.00). For men age 40 and over, an annual (one per \ncalendar year) PSA blood test will be covered up to a maximum of one \nhundred dollars ($100.00). \n (19) The chiropractic services schedule, which limits the frequency of \nchiropractic visits, has been removed. Utilization review will determine \nmedical necessity. \n \n(20) Prescription drug deductible charges are not payable under this medical \ncontract. \n \n - 82 -(21) Any reference to UCR in this Contra ct or related plan documents shall be \nreplaced by reasonable charges. \n \n(22) The City will work with the Union to plan, promote, and provide wellness \ntraining and awareness. \n \n(23) Physician office visits will be subject to a fifteen dollar ($15.00) co-pay per \nin-network primary care physician visit (PCP includes Family, General, \nInternal, Pediatrician, and OB/GYN physicians); the fifteen dollar ($15.00) \nco-pay will apply to out-patient psychiatric and substance abuse doctors \noffice visits subject to the limits specified in Section 27.1(A)(4) and (5). \nEligible services, which shall include diagnostic, surgical and/or specialty \nservices, routine mammograms and routine prostate/colon rectal cancer tests subject to the limits specified in Section 27.1(A)(17) and (18), \nprovided in the network physician’s office and billed by that office shall be \ncovered at one hundred percent (100%) after office visit co-pay. A specialty care physician office visits will be subject to a twenty-five dollar ($25.00) co-pay per in-network specialist visit. Eligible services, \nwhich shall include diagnostic, surgical and/or specialty services, routine \nmammograms and routine prostate/colon rectal cancer tests subject to the limits specified in Section 27.1(A)(17) and (18), provided in the network physician’s office and billed by that office shall be covered at one hundred percent (100%) after office visit co-pay. \nThe co-pay does not apply to the annual deductible and coinsurance; but, \neffective June 1, 2005, the co-pay does apply to the out of pocket maximum. The annual medical plan deductible will not apply to office visit charges for which the office co-payment applies. Care rendered by non-network providers shall be subject to the annual deductible, co-insurance, \nout-of-pocket maximum, and twenty percent (20%) penalty as specified in \nSection 27.1(A)(4). \n \n(B) Prescription Drug\n. The City shall maintain the current prescription drug \ncoverage, except for the following modifications, unless otherwise specified below: \n \n(1) Under the prescription drug ID card program and direct reimbursement \nprogram, the employee shall be responsible for a five dollar ($5.00) co-pay for a generic drug. If there is no generic drug equivalent for the prescribed drug, the co-pay is ten dollars ($10.00). If the prescription is \nfor a brand-name drug, or the prescription is written \"dispense as written\" \nand a generic equivalent exists, the co-pay is twenty-five dollars ($25.00). The five dollar ($5.00) co-pay applies to all allergy prescriptions under the direct reimbursement program. \n \n(2) Mail order prescription drugs will be limited to a thirty (30) day minimum \nand a ninety (90) day maximum supply. Under the mail order program, \nthe employee shall be responsible for a ten dollar ($10.00) co-pay for a generic drug. If there is no generic drug equivalent for the prescribed \n - 83 -drug, the co-pay is twenty dollars ($20.00). If the prescription is for a \nbrand-name drug, or the prescription is written \"dispense as written\" and a generic equivalent exists, the co-pay is fifty dollars ($50.00). \n \nMaintenance drugs must be obtained through the mail order program. The original prescription with no refills may be purchased locally but subsequent refills must use the mail order program. \n (3) The prescription Drug Preferred Provider Organization (PPO) \narrangement, the employee shall be responsible for a five dollar ($5.00) co-pay for a generic drug. If there is no generic drug equivalent for the \nprescribed drug, the co-pay is ten dollars ($10.00). If the prescription is \nfor a brand-name drug, or the prescription is written \"dispense as written\" and a generic equivalent exists, the co-pay is twenty-five dollars ($25.00) \nfor participating pharmacies. If participating pharmacies are not used, an \nadditional ten dollar ($10.00) co-pay shall be imposed. \n \n(4) Services Not Covered: \n \n• Experimental drugs. • Drugs which may be dispensed without prescription, such as \naspirin, even though a doctor may have prescribed them. \n• Non-prescription items. • Medications which are covered under the terms of any other \nemployer sponsored group plan, or for which the individual is \nentitled to receive reimbursement under Workers’ Compensation \nfor any other federal, state or local governmental program. \n• Immunization Agents (except as provided in the second paragraph \nof Section 27.1). \n• Drugs deemed not medically necessary. \n• Administration of prescription drugs. \n• Any prescription refill in excess of the number specified by the \nphysician or any refill dispensed after one (1) year from date of the physician's original order. \n• Medication taken by, or administered to, the individual while a \npatient is in a licensed hospital, extended care facility, nursing \nhome or similar institution which operates or allows to be \noperated, on its premises, a fa cility for dispensing drugs. \n• Contraceptive medication, other than birth control pills and, \neffective ninety (90) days after acceptance of this collective bargaining agreement by City Council, additional contraceptives \nmay be approved based on medical necessity. \n• Anti-obesity drugs. \n• Dietary and food supplements. \n \n(5) Dispensing Limitation. Each prescription may be filled up to a maximum \nof a thirty (30) day supply at retail and ninety (90) days supply at mail \norder. \n \n - 84 -(6) Misuse of Prescription Drug Program. Misuse or abuse of the \nprescription drug program, verified by the appropriate law enforcement \nagency, shall result in suspension of the employee's prescription drug \ncard for a period of twelve (12) months. As used herein, verification of \nmisuse or abuse of the prescription drug program occurs when the appropriate law enforcement agency files criminal charges against the employee or dependent, or refers (diverts) the employee or dependent to a counseling and rehabilitation program in lieu of criminal charges. If the employee/dependent is found not guilty, the prescription drug card shall \nbe reinstated. \n \n(C) Dental\n. Dental general anesthesia administered by the dentist is a covered \nservice. Effective immediately, osseous surgery will be eliminated from the dental \nplan, as this service is payable under the medical plan. \n \nA voluntary dental PPO shall be available to members which allow voluntary selection of a participating provider which will result in no balance billing over reasonable charges. All existing coinsurance levels and exclusions continue to apply. \n \n The City shall maintain the current dental coverage, except as modified below, \nwhich will be effective June 1, 2005. \n \n(1) The maximum annual amount for covered dental expenses, except for \northodontics, for employees and eligible dependents shall be $1,500.00. \n \n(2) The lifetime maximum payable for orthodontia services for eligible \ndependents under age nineteen (19) shall be $1,850.00. \n \n(D) Cost Containment\n. The term \"employee\" as it pertains to this section shall mean \nthe employee and all of his/her eligible dependents. These programs took effect July 1, 1990: \n \n(1) Pre-Admission Certification. If an employee is informed that a non-\nemergency inpatient admission is necessary, including psychiatric/substance abuse treatment, the inpatient admission must be \npre-certified by the City's medical utilization review administrator. If no \npre-certification is made or the inpatient admission is determined not to be medically necessary, a ten percent (10%) penalty will be applied to total charges in addition to the deductible, coinsurance and out of pocket \nmaximum. In the event the care is determined to be medically \nunnecessary, the employee will be responsible for the cost of all \nmedically unnecessary care. Emergency Admissions. Emergency inpatient hospital confinements including inpatient psychiatric treatment must be certified within forty-eight (48) hours of admission, unless the employee is incapable of \ncommunicating with the City due to his/her medical or psychological \nconditions, or a ten percent (10%) penalty will be applied to total charges in addition to the deductible, co-insurance and out-of-pocket maximum. In \n - 85 -the event the care is determined to be medically unnecessary, the \nemployee will be responsible for the cost of all medically unnecessary care. \n (2) Assigned Length of Stay (Concurrent Review). Once an elective \nadmission has been pre-certified, a length of stay is assigned. If the hospital stay extends beyond the assigned length of stay, the employee will be responsible for all additional charges of medically unnecessary care, in addition to the deductible, coinsurance and out of pocket \nmaximum. Medically necessary care will constitute justification for \ncertification of a length of stay extension by the City's utilization review \nadministrator. \n \n(3) Continued Treatment and Technological Review. These treatments will \ninclude: \n \n(a) Therapy \n (1) Physical Therapy \n(2) Occupational Therapy \n \n(b) Advanced Technological Procedures \n \n(1) Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) (2) Lithotripsy \n(3) Ultrasound imaging during pregnancy \n(4) Angioplasty \n \n(c) Treatment \n \n(1) Chiropractic \n(2) Podiatric \n \nOnce the employee's physician informs the employee that it is medically \nnecessary for the employee to receive physical therapy, occupational \ntherapy, chiropractic treatment or podiatric treatment on an ongoing \nbasis, the employee must contact the City's medical utilization review \nadministrator to obtain continued treatment authorization. Also, if the employee's physician instructs the empl oyee to receive any of the listed \nadvanced technological procedures, it is necessary for the employee to contact the City's utilization review administrator to obtain pre-treatment \nauthorization. \n In the event the employee does not obtain authorization for continued therapy, treatment or technologi cal review, the employee will be \nresponsible for ten percent (10%) of the total charges, in addition to the deductible, coinsurance and out of pocket maximum. In the event the \ncare the employee receives is determined to be medically unnecessary, \nthe employee will be responsible for the cost of all medically unnecessary care. \n - 86 - \n(4) Mandatory Second Surgical Opinion. For all inpatient and outpatient non-\nemergency surgeries, a second surgical opinion may be required as \ndirected by the utilization review administrator. This second opinion shall \nbe covered at one hundred percent (100%) of the reasonable charges. If the first two opinions conflict, a third opinion shall also be covered at one hundred percent (100%) of reasonable charges. If a second opinion is not obtained for the surgeries, a ten percent (10%) penalty of total charges shall be applied, in addition to the deductible, coinsurance and out of \npocket maximum. \n \nBased on medical information obtained prior to the surgery, the City's \nmedical utilization review administrator may waive the mandatory second surgical opinion requirement in specific cases. \n (5) Medical Case Management. This program allows a consultant to review \nan employee's medical treatment plan to determine whether the covered person qualifies for alternate medical care. The determination of eligibility for a patient's medical case management will be primarily based upon \nmedical necessity and appropriate medical care. Recommendations will be made to the family and health care providers. The utilization review administrator will recommend alternate medical treatment on a case-by-case basis. Alternate medical treatment benefits refer to expenses that are approved before they are incurred, which may not otherwise be payable as covered expenses under the medical plan. \n (6) Planned Discharge Program. In the event an employee is hospitalized \nand it is determined that hospitalization is no longer needed, this program allows the patient to receive care in the most medically appropriate setting. \n (7) Hospital Bill Review. If an employee reviews his/her hospital bill and \ndiscovers overcharges by the provi der, he/she will receive fifty percent \n(50%) of the reimbursed overcharges up to a maximum of $250.00 per \nemployee per confinement, upon verificati on of such overcharges by the \nthird party administrator. \n \n(8) Hold Harmless. In the event a dispute arises over payment for services \nprovided, the City shall hold harmless an employee or dependent who, prior to receiving such services, has: 1) complied with the requirements and certification of the cost containment program, and 2) verified benefit \nplan coverage through the third party administrator. \n \nSection 27.2. Life Insurance.\n \n \n(A) The City shall maintain term life insurance in the amount of one and one-half \ntimes the employee's straight-time hourly rate in effect at the time of death, multiplied by 2,080 hours, or $27,000, whichever is greater, for all full-time \nemployees less than sixty-five (65) years of age. Full-time employees sixty-five \n(65) to seventy (70) years of age shall receive term life insurance in the amount \n - 87 -of either sixty-five percent (65%) of one and one-half times the employee's \nstraight time hourly rate in effect at the time of death multiplied by 2,080 hours, or $17,700, whichever is greater. Full-time employees seventy (70) years of age \nand over shall receive term life insurance in the amount of either thirty-nine \npercent (39%) of one and one-half times the employee's hourly rate in effect at the time of death multiplied by 2,080 hours, or $10,530, whichever is greater. \n \n(B) Voluntary Universal Life Insurance\n. Employees shall be eligible to purchase \nadditional life insurance through payroll deductions. Upon termination, \nemployees will be eligible to continue life insurance coverage at the group rate at \ntheir own expense, to the extent permitted by the terms of the City's group plan. \n \nSection 27.3. Vision. \nThe City shall maintain the current vision care plan for all eligible members, except for the \nfollowing plan changes: \n (A) Increase out-of-network reimbursement schedule to: \nProfessional Fees \n \nExamination up to $35.00 \n \nMaterials \n \nSingle Vision Lenses, up to $35.00 \nBifocal Lenses, up to $50.00 \nTrifocal Lenses, up to $60.00 Lenticular Lenses, up to $90.00 Frames, up to $35.00 Contact Lenses - necessary $170.00 \nContact Lenses – cosmetic $90.00 \n \n(B) Effective ninety (90) days after acceptance of this collective bargaining \nagreement by City Council, increase In-network frame allowance proportionately \nto $135.00. \n \nSection 27.4. Eligibility for Insurance Plans.\n \n \n(A) Full-Time Employees . Eligibility for enrolling new employees for health \ninsurance, dental insurance, vision care, prescription drug, and term life \ninsurance shall be based upon an employee's active service in a position or \nemployment, which is to be performed in accordance with an established \nscheduled working time, such schedule to be based upon not less than forty (40) hours per seven (7) consecutive calendar days for fifty-two (52) consecutive \nseven (7) day periods per annum. Employees shall become eligible for the benefits outlined in Sections 27.1 through 27.5 on the first of the month following their hire date or on the first of the month following the date upon which they \ncomplete one (1) year of continuous City service, unless hired on the first of the \nmonth, whichever is applicable. \n \n - 88 -(B) Full-time employees may waive coverage in the employee insurance programs \nduring the month of February in each calendar year. Once the waiver is \nexecuted, the employee must wait unt il Open Enrollment Month (February) in a \nsubsequent year to re-enroll in the benefit plans. In the event of a divorce, legal separation, the death of a spouse or the spouse involuntarily loses family coverage through the spouse’s employer, the employee may enroll with the City of Columbus insurance program within thirty (30) days of such event. \n (C) Full-Time Limited. Eligibility for enro lling full-time limited employees for medical \nand prescription insurance coverage only shall be based upon membership in the bargaining unit; and the employee having worked a minimum of 1,040 hours the \nprevious calendar year; and payment of t he full established funding rate, which \nwill be converted into a single and family premium. A special enrollment will be \nheld within one hundred twenty (120) days of the effective date of this Contract \nfor employee enrollment. Each year thereafter, enrollment will occur during Open \nEnrollment Month (February). In the event of a divorce, legal separation, the death of a spouse, or the spouse involuntarily loses family coverage through the spouse's employer, the eligible employee may enroll with the City of Columbus insurance program within thirty (30) days of such event. Upon the completion of \ntwo (2) consecutive years and a minimum of 2,080 hours, and every consecutive \nyear thereafter, employees' eligible dependents are eligible to enroll for medical \ncoverage during Open Enrollment Month. \n \n(D) Part-Time Regular. Eligibility for enrolling part-time regular employees for \nmedical and prescription insurance coverage only shall be based upon \nmembership in the bargaining unit; and the employee having worked a minimum \nof 1,040 hours the previous calendar year; and payment of one-half of the established funding rate, which will be converted into a single and family premium. Enrollment will occur during Open Enrollment Month (February). In the event of a divorce, legal separation, the death of a spouse, or the spouse \ninvoluntarily loses family coverage through the spouse's employer, the eligible \nemployee may enroll with the City of Columbus insurance program within thirty (30) days of such event. Upon the completion of two (2) consecutive years and a minimum of 2,080 hours, and every consecutive year thereafter, employees' \neligible dependents are eligible to enroll for medical coverage during Open \nEnrollment Month. \n Section 27.5. Employee’s Monthly Premiums.\n \n \n(A) The monthly premium for all full-time employees who participate in the City's \ninsurance programs shall be an amount equal to nine percent (9%) of the \nnegotiated insurance base. The negotiated insurance base shall be the total \nactual cost to the City of the claims and administrative fees (not to include internal City administrative costs) for medical, dental, vision and prescription drugs for employees in this bargaining unit for the preceding benefit year of February 1 through January 31. The premium will be established as single and family rate. For full-time limited and par t-time regular employees who participate \nin the City’s insurance programs, premiums will be paid pursuant to provisions in Section 27.4. \n \n - 89 -Half of the monthly premium will be deducted each pay period not to exceed the \ntotal monthly premium. \n \nIf an employee elects individual life insurance coverage only, the pre-existing monthly single employee life insurance premium rate to be charged to the employee shall be five dollars and fifty cents ($5.50). Such premiums shall be paid through an automatic payroll deduction. \n \n(B) Providing the employee continues monthly premium coverage payments, \ninsurance coverage’s for which the employee is eligible will be extended ninety (90) days beyond the end of the mont h during which an employee's approved \nleave without pay or leave of absence status became effective. The employee's \ninsurance will then be terminated with an option to participate in the City's insurance continuation program, COBRA, as defined in Article 2, at the \nemployee's expense. \n \nSection 27.6. Pre-Tax Benefits.\n \nFull-time employees may choose to participate in a pre-tax Dependent Care and Pre-tax Insurance Premium Program offered by the City or its appointed program administrator. \nEnrollments will be offered at the time of hire or during an Open Enrollment Month each year. \n(A) Insurance Premiums\n. Each participant who elects to pre-tax the monthly \ninsurance premium must complete the necessary election form, which authorizes the City payroll to pre-tax that premium. \n \n(B) Dependent Care Program\n. Each participating employee who elects to enroll in \nthe Dependent Care Program will determine an amount to be pre-taxed biweekly through payroll deduction. The annual pre-tax limit, determined by each \nparticipant, shall not conflict with IRS limits identified in the Internal Revenue Code. \n \n(C) Amendments to the annual pre-tax maximum can only occur during Open \nEnrollment Month, on the annual plan renewal date or when a change in status occurs. \n \n(D) Participants will submit allowable claims to the City's plan administrator. \nRemittance from the participant's Dependent Care account will be sent directly to \neach plan participant. Amounts for which a participant does not have an eligible \nclaim will be forfeited at the end of each plan year. These pre-tax plans will \nremain in effect so long as they continue to be authorized by the Internal Revenue Code. \n Section 27.7. Appeal Process.\n \nThe extent of coverage under the insurance policies (including self-insured plans) shall be governed by the terms and conditions set forth in said policies or plans. Any questions or \ndisputes concerning an employee's claim for benefits under said insurance policies or plans shall be resolved in accordance with the terms and conditions set forth in said policies or plans, \nincluding the claims appeal process available through the insurance company or third party plan \nadministrator, and shall not be subject to the grievance procedure of this Contract. In the event \nthe employee benefit booklet and negotiated contract are not specific, the plan administrator's \n - 90 -administrative guidelines will prevail; provided, however, that this shall not prejudice the right of \nthe employee to appeal a claims dispute to the plan administrator and to the Ohio Department of Insurance. \nARTICLE 28 - CONTINUING EDUCATION/TRAINING \n \nSection 28.1. Tuition Reimbursement. \nAll full-time employees with one (1) or more year s of continuous active service shall be eligible \nfor a reimbursement of instructional fees and laboratory fees of up to one thousand six hundred \ndollars ($1,600) per calendar year for undergraduate studies or up to two thousand dollars \n($2,000) per calendar year for graduate studies voluntarily undertaken by him/her. Effective \nJanuary 1, 2009, all full-time employees with one (1) or more years of continuous active service shall be eligible for a reimbursement of instructional fees and laboratory fees of up to three thousand dollars ($3,000) per calendar year for undergraduate studies or up to three thousand \nsix hundred dollars ($3,600) per calendar year for graduate studies voluntarily undertaken by \nhim/her. The tuition reimbursement program shall be subject to the following conditions: \n \n(A) No employee on an unpaid leave of absence, unauthorized leave of absence, \ndisability leave or injury leave may apply for tuition reimbursement. \n \n(B) All courses must be taken during other than scheduled working hours. All \nscheduled hours for courses of instruction must be filed with the Appointing Authority or his/her designee and with the Department of Human Resources. All \ncourses are subject to approval by the Department of Human Resources. There \nmust be a correlation between the employee's duties and responsibilities or \ncourses that may lead to career advancement within the City and the courses \ntaken or the degree program pursued. All scheduled times of courses must be \napproved by the Appointing Authority or his/her designee. Any situation which, in \nthe discretion of the Appointing Authority or his/her designee, would require an employee's presence on the job shall take complete and final precedence over \nany time scheduled for courses. \n \n(C) Institutions must be located or courses of instruction given within Franklin County \nor adjoining counties. If a specific course(s) is not offered at an approved \ninstitution within Franklin County or adjoining counties, an approved institution elsewhere in Ohio may be utilized. Courses must be taken at accredited \ncolleges, universities, technical and business institutes or at their established extension centers. Internet courses will be approved on a case-by-case basis. \nCorrespondence courses, seminars, conferences and workshops are not included. \n \n(D) The Department of Human Resources sh all determine the approved institutions \nfor which reimbursement for instructional fees and laboratory fees may be made \nunder this Section 28.1. Only those institutions approved by the Department of Human Resources shall establish eligibility of the employee to receive reimbursement for instructional fees and laboratory fees. Additional institutions may be added by forwarding an application for reimbursement to the Department \n - 91 -of Human Resources. Application for approval of institutions and courses must \nbe made to the Department of Human Resources not more than sixty (60) days or less than ten (10) days prior to the first day of the scheduled course(s). \n \n(E) Any financial assistance from any governmental or private agency available to an \nemployee, whether or not applied for and regardless of when such assistance may have been received, shall be deducted in the entire amount from the full tuition reimbursement the employee is eligible for under this Section 28.1. If an employee's tuition is fully covered by another governmental or private agency, \nthen the employee is not entitled to payment from the City. \n \n(F) Reimbursement for instructional fees and laboratory fees will be made when the \nemployee satisfactorily completes a course and presents an official certificate or \nits equivalent and the original of the unpaid invoice from the institution confirming \ncompletion of the approved course. \n \n(G) No reimbursement will be granted for boo ks, paper, supplies of whatever nature, \ntransportation, meals or any other expense connected with any course except the \ncost of instructional fees and laboratory fees as outlined in Paragraph (F). \n \n(H) Any employee participating in the tuition reimbursement program who resigns or \nretires or is discharged for cause must repay the tuition reimbursement paid by the City for courses taken less than two (2) years prior to the date of termination or discharge. If necessary, this amount will be deducted from the employee's terminal leave pay or his/her final paycheck. \n (I) The administration of the tuition reimbursement program will require the \nDepartment of Human Resources to be responsible for establishing rules, devising forms and keeping records for the program. \n Section 28.2. General Educational Development (GED) Program.\n \nEach full-time employee with one (1) or more ye ars of continuous City service who successfully \ncompletes GED certification shall be eligible for a reimbursement of the examination fee of up to twenty dollars ($20.00) (or any future increase in examination fee that may be approved by the Office of Adult Basic Education, Ohio Department of Education) subject to the following conditions: \n \n(A) Any financial assistance from any governmental or private agency available to an \nemployee in pursuit of his/her GED shall be deducted in the entire amount from \nthe examination fee. If an employee's exam ination fee is fully covered by another \ngovernmental or private agency, then the employee is not entitled to payment \nfrom the City. \n \n(B) Reimbursement of the examinati on fee will be made when the employee \nsatisfactorily completes the GED examination and presents an official certificate or its equivalent and a receipt of payment confirming completion of the examination. \n (C) No reimbursement will be granted for boo ks, paper, supplies of whatever nature, \ntransportation, child care, meals or any other expense connected with the GED \n - 92 -preparation or examination, except the cost of the examination fee as outlined in \n(B) above. \n \n(D) Time off with pay may be granted, with the approval of the Appointing Authority, \nfor purposes of preparing for the GED examination and for purposes of taking the examination. All scheduled hours for prepar atory courses and examination must \nbe filed with the Appointing Authority and with the Department of Human Resources within a reasonable time period. All scheduled times of courses must be approved by the Appointing Authority or designee. Any situation which, at the \ndiscretion of the Appointing Authority or designee, would require an employee's \npresence on the job shall take complete and final precedence over any time \nscheduled for courses. \n \n(E) The administration of the General Educational Development Program will require \nthe Director of the Department of Human Resources or his/her designee to be responsible for establishing rules, devising forms, and keeping records. \n \nSection 28.3. Employer-Provided Training Opportunities.\n \nAny employee who receives training for a job assignment for which the City incurs costs of more \nthan fifteen hundred dollars ($1,500.00) in any twelve (12)-month period shall remain in that job \nassignment for a minimum of two (2) years after the completion of such training. The fifteen hundred dollars ($1,500.00) shall include tuition, course fees, travel expenses, per diem, the value of compensated time away from work as well as any overtime paid to the employee while attending such training, and the cost of any specialized equipment which may need to be custom fitted or ordered for the employee to perform such job assignment. If the employee fails \nto remain in the job assignment for the two (2) year minimum for any reason, except for a \npromotion within the employee's Department, he/ she will be required to repay such training \ncosts. Any amounts due to the City under this pay back requirement shall be deducted from the \nemployee's periodic paychecks (in amounts not to exceed five percent (5%) of gross wages per \npaycheck). Any amounts still owing in the event of termination of employment shall be deducted \nfrom the employee's final pay check or from the employee's terminal leave pay. The employee \nshall make arrangements for payment of any additional balance due with his/her Appointing \nAuthority before his/her last day of employment. \nARTICLE 29 - EQUIPMENT AND CLOTHING \n Section 29.1. Uniforms.\n \nThe uniform policy as detailed below is applicable to the following City departments: \n Department of Public Safety \nDepartment of Public Service \nDepartment of Public Utilities \nDepartment of Recreation and Parks Department of Technology Department of Development City Treasurer's Office \n - 93 -Department of Finance and Management \nDepartment of Health \n \n(A) The Appointing Authority or designee, in consultation with the Union President, \nshall establish policies regarding the necessity and types of work uniforms to be \nmade available to employees. The City sha ll enter into appropriate contracts with \nvendors to provide items of clothing r equired under the Appointing Authority's \npolicies. If uniforms are required, employees shall be furnished with a voucher to obtain the appropriate types and quantities. \n \n(B) The purchase, fitting, and cleaning of uniforms shall be done outside of work \ntime. \n \nSection 29.2. Protective Clothing, Rain Gear, Gloves, and Safety-Type Shoes.\n \n \n(A) The City shall provide an initial issue of rain jacket and rain pants to all City \nrefuse collectors. One pair each of rubber , canvas, and brown jersey gloves will \nbe provided to refuse collectors once every six (6) months. \n \n(B) For Divisions other than Refuse Collection, the Appointing Authority or designee, \nin consultation with the Union President, shall provide to employees, when \nnecessary to perform assigned work duties one or more of the following items: protective clothing, rain gear, gloves and safety-type shoes. \n \n(C) When any items issued pursuant to this Section 29.2 are damaged in the course \nof employment, the damaged gear must first be returned prior to issuing a \nreplacement. If the items issued pursuant to this Section 29.2 are lost or stolen, such items shall not be replaced by the Ci ty. Upon termination, all items provided \npursuant to this Section 29.2 must be returned to the Appointing Authority or designee. \n \n(D) The City shall enter into appropriate contracts with vendors to provide items \noutlined herein pursuant to voucher arrangements. \n (E) The purchase, fitting, and cleaning of protective clothing shall be done outside of \nwork time. \n (F) The City shall provide employees wo rking under hazardous weather conditions \nas specified in Section 30.12 with the protective, foul weather gear and clothing specified by the Appointing Authority or designee in consultation with the Union as provided herein. The City shall be responsible for continuing to clean such \nitems and shall furnish such items for use by employees under hazardous \nweather conditions. The employees shall return such items at the end of each day of use during hazardous weather conditions, unless otherwise directed by the Appointing Authority or designee. \n \nSection 29.3. Tools and Equipment.\n \nThe City agrees to furnish all employees, except t hose specified in Section 29.4 of this Article, \nwith tools and equipment necessary to perform their jobs. Such tools and equipment, as well as \nthe employees who receive the same, shall be determined by the City. The City shall retain \n - 94 -ownership of such tools and equipment and the same shall be returned by employees upon \ntheir separation from City service. The City agrees to replace any damaged or worn out tools and equipment. However, employees shall be responsible for replacing those items which are \nlost or stolen through fault of the employee. \n The parties agree to the following regarding the security of personal tools of employees: \n(A) Employees will use the “buddy system” (i.e., looking after each other's property \nwhile one is away from the work area) during working hours as a safeguard \nagainst tool theft. \n \n(B) During working hours when the building is not\n secured and the employee is not \non duty, forcible entry into the locked tool box will suffice as evidence of theft. \n (C) Employees will be responsible for securing personal tools during non-working \nhours. The City will assume liability for tools stolen during an employee's non-\nworking hours provided forcible entry to either the building or the employee's locked tool box can be shown. A police report must be filed by the employee. \n \n(D) Employees will be responsible for maintaining a tool inventory form which will be \nsupplied by the City and updating the inventory as purchases are made. The City \nwill only reimburse for those tools listed on the inventory. Reimbursement for \nstolen tools will be limited to replacement of the tools stolen with tools of the \nsame brand and value, unless the employee agrees to another brand. \n Section 29.4. Tool Allowance.\n \nThe City will credit every employee in the classifications of Auto Mechanic (Light), Auto Mechanic (Heavy), Auto Mechanic Supervisor I, Automotive Body Mechanic and Auto Body Repairer Supervisor on the first day of the calendar month with thirty-five dollars ($35) per month applicable towards the purchase of tools as determined necessary by the employee and \nthe Appointing Authority or designee. This credit will be cumulative and the balance will be forwarded to subsequent calendar years. A universal contract will be entered into by the City providing eligible employees the opportuni ty to purchase tools under the program. \n \nARTICLE 30 - MISCELLANEOUS \n \nSection 30.1. Gender. \nEvery effort has been made to make the context gender neutral, however unless the context in \nwhich they are used clearly requires otherwise , words used in this Contract denoting gender \nshall be deemed to refer to both the masculine and feminine. \n \nSection 30.2. Pay Stub Information. \nEmployees shall be provided with a record of accumulated earned vacation, sick leave and \ncompensatory time on a bi-weekly basis. \n - 95 -Section 30.3. Fund Receipts and Disbursements. \nThe City agrees to diligently pursue an administrativ e policy of eliminating, insofar as possible, \nthe necessity for City employees to handle cash monies. Concentration of the money deposits \nor payments for all purposes within the Treasurer's Office is strongly recommended. Individual \ncash drawers and receipt boxes shall be established wherever possible to facilitate establishment of individual responsibility for the handling of funds. \nSection 30.4. Mileage Allowance.\n \n \n(A) When a City employee uses his/her private car for transportation on any City \nbusiness, in or out of the City of Columbus, he/she shall be reimbursed for \nmileage actually traveled on City busine ss. The mileage reimbursement rate shall \nbe equal to the Internal Revenue Service allowable rate for business mileage in effect on each January 1 for the succeeding twelve (12) months for the duration \nof the Contract. \n \n(B) Employees who are regularly required to report directly to job sites away from \ntheir City reporting locations are entitled to mileage allowance to the extent such mileage exceeds that from their home to their reporting location. No allowance is \npayable from the employee's home to or from his/her City reporting location. \n \n(C) In order for an employee to be reimbursed for such expenses incurred while on \nCity business, said employee must obtai n authorization for such reimbursement \nfrom the proper department or division head prior to the use of a privately-owned \nvehicle for City business. In order to receive timely reimbursement, a form, \napproved by the Auditor's Office, must be submitted by the employee by the fifth \n(5th) day of the month, for the preceding month's mileage, to the Department Head. \n \nSection 30.5. Comprehensive Physicals and Respiratory Protection.\n \n \n(A) Examinations/Identification Potential Hazardous Working Conditions. The City \nhas the responsibility to provide a safe working environment for all employees. In \nrecognition of this responsibility and in order to provide a means to carry out the \nsame, the City shall continue a program to conduct mandatory comprehensive \nphysical examinations and/or testing in accordance with federal, state, and local \nlaws, including but not limited to Ohio’s Public Employment Risk Reduction \nProgram (O.R.C. Chapter 4167) to determine and identify potential hazardous \nworking conditions and locations. Further, these physical examinations and/or \ntesting will be for the purpose of enabling the City to comply with legal obligations \nimposed upon it as an employer under applicable federal, state and local laws \ntogether with administrative rules and regulations promulgated pursuant thereto, \nsuch as, but not limited to, the Public Employment Risk Reduction Program \n(O.R.C. Chapter 4167). \n \nOther than for the purposes specified herein, the data collected during the \nphysical examinations and/or testing shall remain confidential, unless the \nemployee waives such conf identiality in writing. \n \n - 96 -The City shall also continue to offer voluntary physical examinations and testing \nto all bargaining unit members who have been afforded such examinations/tests \nin the past. Employees voluntarily participating in physical examinations and \ntesting will be required to sign a form indicating that the examinations/testing is \nvoluntary. \n \nRefusal to submit to a mandatory physical examination and/or testing as required \nby federal, state and local laws, including but not limited to, Ohio’s Public \nEmployment Risk Reduction Program (O .R.C. Chapter 4167) may be grounds for \ndiscipline, up to and including termination. \n \nThe physical examinations and/or testing shall not in any way be used for \nalcohol, drug, or substance abuse testing, nor shall the results of examinations \nand/or testing be used to relieve an employee of duty involuntarily without due \nprocess. \n \n(B) Respiratory Protection. It is agreed that the City will take the appropriate steps \nnecessary to comply with applicable federal, state, and local laws, including but \nnot limited to Ohio’s Public Employ ment Risk Reduction Program (O.R.C. \nChapter 4167), dealing with respiratory protection. To that end, the City will \nprovide respirators that are applicable and suitable for the purposes intended \nconsistent with applicable provisions of law. Employees shall use the respiratory \nprotection provided in accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions, training \nprovided, and all applicable provisions of law. Further, employees will be fit-\ntested for respirators in order to ensure that a proper facial seal exists as \nprescribed and mandated by current law. The City will require employees to \ncorrect conditions which prevent, impair, or impede a proper facial seal, including \nbut not limited to, a growth of beard, sideburns, any object worn that projects \nunder the facepiece, or temple pieces on glasses. The refusal or failure of any \nemployee, after being advised by management, to take corrective action to \nremedy those conditions which prevent, impair or impede the proper fit of a \nrespirator may subject such employee to disciplinary action, up to and including \ntermination. \n \nEmployees who are assigned a respirator must be medically cleared to \ndetermine their fitness to wear the respirator, which may require a physical \nexamination. No employee will be assigned a task requiring the use of a \nrespirator unless found physically able to perform the work while wearing the \nrespirator. Physical examinations to determine medical fitness to where a \nrespirator shall be conducted by a licensed health care professional. \n \nCertain provisions of applicable occupational health and safety laws require site \nand/or job specific policies, procedures and protocols. It is further agreed that the \nCity will promulgate and employees will comply with such site and/or job specific \npolicies, procedures and protocols. Failure of an employee to comply with such \npolicies, procedures and protocols may result in disciplinary action, up to and \nincluding termination. \n \n - 97 -Section 30.6. Contract Copies. \nThe City agrees to equally share the cost of printing the Contract with AFSCME Local 1632. \n \nSection 30.7. Operational Changes. \n \n(A) Should the City intend to institute any new methods of operation that would result \nin a material change in the essential functions of a job presently being done by \nemployees covered by this Contract, the City shall meet with the Union at the \nearliest possible time but not later than thirty (30) days prior to the \nimplementation of such intended changes and/or methods of operations; extreme \nemergencies excluded. \n \n(B) Prior to the effective date of implementation, upon written request by the Union, a \njoint conference shall be scheduled for the purpose of discussion with respect to \nthe following subjects: transfer to comparable work, retraining for transferred \nemployees or the disposition of displaced employees resulting from the institution \nof such new methods, machinery or equipment. \n \nSection 30.8. Errors and Omissions Policy. \nIt is the policy of the City to cover employees for errors and omissions by such employees while \nperforming duties within the scope of their employment by the City. \n \nSection 30.9. Application of Contract to Part-Time Employees. \nExcept as otherwise specifically provided elsewher e in this Contract, part-time employees in the \nbargaining unit shall not be eligible for any fringe benefits under this Contract (other than \nspecifically noted), including but not limited to sick leave, other leaves of absence, holidays, \nvacations, service credit, and tuition reimbursement. \nSection 30.10. Employee Address.\n \nEmployees shall provide their payroll clerk or other individual designated by the Appointing \nAuthority with their correct current name, home address, and home telephone number (if any), \nand shall update this information with their payroll clerk to keep it current at all times. \n \nSection 30.11. Employee Assistance Program. \nThe City and the Union recognize the significance of employees' personal problems and the effect those problems may have on personal well being and productivity. The City and the Union \nagree to utilize the City's Employee Assistance Program to refer employees with potential \nproblems to the appropriate assistance program . Employees referred to the EAP will be granted \nup to a maximum of three (3) free visits per calendar year to the EAP for assessment, referral and follow-up without being charged with time off. \n(A) Professional assistance should be encouraged and sought by employees with \nproblems related to stress, substance abuse, mental or emotional illness, finances, legal issues or family crisis ; however, employee participation shall be \nstrictly voluntary. \n \n(B) Employees participating in this program should be made aware that treatment \nrecords may be maintained and such records shall remain confidential. \n \n - 98 -(C) All employees receiving treatment shall remain in paid status, until the \nemployee's accrued vacation and sick leav e credits are exhausted. After the \nexhaustion of these benefits, the City may, at its option, advance sick leave \nthrough a pay back arrangement. Should termination occur, sick days borrowed \nshall be repaid from wages and benefits due at the time of termination. \n \n(D) The City's designated disciplinary heari ng officer may order an employee to EAP \nas part of a disciplinary order. \n Section 30.12. Hazardous Weather Conditions.\n \nIn cases of severe wind, rain or electrical storms, severe temperatures/wind chill factors or severe snowstorms and ice blanketing, no employee shall be unnecessarily compelled to work under conditions, which involve a physical risk to his/her health and personal safety. In the event the Union believes employees are being co mpelled to work under such conditions, the \nLocal Union President or designee has the right to discuss the matter with the Director of the Department of Human Resources or designee. However, such discussion shall not affect the City's rights under this Section 30.12. If, after such discussion, the City maintains that employees should work under such conditions, the City shall provide such employees with the \nprotective, foul weather gear and clothing as provided in Section 29.2(F). \nSection 30.13. Effect of Article and Section Headings.\n \nThe article and section headings contained in this Contract are included only for convenience of \nreference and do not define, limit, explain or modify this Contract or its interpretation, construction or implementation. \n \nARTICLE 31 - RELATION TO OTHER LAWS AND SEPARABILITY \n \nSection 31.1. Savings Clause. \nIf any article, section or appendix of this Contract should be held illegal by operation of law or by \nany tribunal of competent jurisdiction; or if co mpliance with or enforcement of any article or \nsection should be restrained by such tribunal pending a final determination as to its legality, the remainder of this Contract or the application of such article, section or appendix to persons or circumstances other than those as to which it has been held illegal or as to which compliance with, or enforcement of, has been restrained, shall not be affected. It is understood by the \nparties that nothing in this Contract shall be deemed to conflict with Federal laws, and the \nConstitutions of the State of Ohio and the United States of America. \n \nSection 31.2. Negotiations.\n \n \n(A) In the event any article, section or appendix is declared illegal, this Contract shall \nbe reopened on such article, section or appendix. The City’s Chief Negotiator and the Union shall meet within thirty (30) calendar days for the purpose of negotiating a lawful alternate provision. However, such negotiations shall not affect the enforcement or validity of any other provision of the Contract. \n \n(B) No ordinance or resolutions dealing with negotiated wages, hours, and terms and \nconditions of employment shall be submitted to City Council or to the Board of \n - 99 -Health until negotiated and approved by the City and the Union with the \nexception of those classifications in a federally funded program wherein the \nimposition of federal constraints negate the bargaining process. \n \nSection 31.3. Effect of Subsequently-Enacted Legislation. \nIt is agreed that, in the event the Ohio General Assembly or the United States Congress passes \nlegislation which becomes law and which affects the City of Columbus and this Contract, the Contract can be reopened only for purposes of amending said Contract to conform to such law or laws. Either party hereto shall have the right to call for a reopening of the Contract under \nsuch circumstances by giving notice to the other party in writing; said notice may be given at \nany time after such legislation is signed into law and prior to the effective date of such law or laws. Such negotiations shall commence within ten (10) days after written notification. \nARTICLE 32 - ENTIRE AGREEMENT/MID-TERM MODIFICATIONS \n \nSection 32.1. Entire Agreement/Precedence of Agreement. \nThis Contract, upon ratification, supersedes all pr ior practices and agreements, whether written \nor oral, unless expressly stated to the contrary herein, and constitutes the complete and entire \nagreement between the parties, and concludes collective bargaining for its term. Therefore, except as provided in Articles 31 and 32, the parties, for the duration of this Contract, each voluntarily waives the right and obligation to bargain collectively with respect to any subject \ncovered by this Contract. This Contract is not intended, however, to render null and void prior \narbitration, judicial and applicable administrative agency decisions involving the parties to the extent that such decisions involve contract language which remains unchanged and to the extent that the governing law involved in such judicial and administrative agency decisions remains unchanged. \n \nSection 32.2. Changes in Conditions of Employment Which Are Not Specifically \nEstablished by Contract. \nAny term and/or conditions of employment not specifically established by this Contract shall \nremain within the discretion of the City to modify , establish or eliminate; provided, however, that \nno such determination shall be implemented prior to consultation with the Union, as provided \nbelow in Subsections (A) and (B): \n \n(A) Changes in Mandatory Subjects Not Specifically Established by Contract . The \nparties agree the City may implement changes in terms and conditions of employment during the term of the Contract where the subject matter of the change is a mandatory subject of bargaining under Ohio Revised Code (ORC), \nChapter 4117, and where the Contract does not expressly address the subject \nmatter of the change after giving the Union notice of the proposed change and a reasonable opportunity to bargain about it. In the event the parties do not reach an agreement about the proposed change, the parties agree that the Union may choose to grieve the matter to arbitration pursuant to the arbitration provisions of \nSection 11.5(D). The City will not implement its proposed change until the \narbitrator issues an award, unless the Union chooses not to grieve in which case the City may implement its final proposal. \n \n - 100 -(B) Changes in Permissive Subjects Not Specifically Established by Contract . It is \nfurther agreed that this bargaining obligation referenced in Subsection (A) above \ndoes not apply to any change which does not constitute a mandatory subject of \nbargaining under ORC Chapter 4117. The City retains complete discretion to \nmodify, establish or eliminate any term or condition of employment which is not \nexpressly addressed in the parties' Contract. If the City intends to modify, establish or eliminate any term or conditi on of employment which is not expressly \naddressed in the parties' Contract, and which is not a mandatory subject of bargaining under ORC Chapter 4117, the City may do so after consultation with \nthe Union. The City also shall comply with the posting and notification \nrequirements set forth in Article 8 of the Contract, when applicable. If the Union \ndisagrees with the change in terms and conditions of employment after the City \nimplements it, the Union may choose to grieve the reasonableness of the implemented term or condition of empl oyment under the grievance procedure of \nthe Contract. \n \nSection 32.3. Changes in Conditions of Employment Which Are Specifically Established \nby Contract. \nThe parties may, by mutual agreement, reopen negotiations to expand, clarify, modify or amend \nprovisions of this Contract. In order to am end the Contract, the party proposing the amendment \nshall identify to the other party the specific se ction(s) of the Contract to be reopened. Except as \nstated in other sections of this Contract, neither party shall be obligated to agree to reopen the \nContract. \n \nIn addition to reopening this Contract for the purpose of amendment, the parties may enter into \nwritten memoranda of understanding that define, clarify, interpret or construe the meaning of \nspecific contract sections. Such memoranda of understanding shall not be valid until signed by the City’s Chief Negotiator or designee and appropriate Union officials. Such memoranda of understanding cease to exist at the date stated therein or the expiration of the current contract \n(whichever is less) unless the parties specifically incorporate them by reference into the \nsuccessor contract. Any action taken by the Civil Service Commission which would change \nAppendix A of this Contract shall be accomplished by a memorandum of understanding. Neither party hereto shall attempt to achieve the alteration of this Contract by recommending changes in, additions to or deletions from ordinances or resolutions of the Columbus City Council. \n \n \nARTICLE 33 – TIME DONATION PROGRAM \n \nSection 33.1. Purpose. \nEffective ninety (90) days after the effective date of this Contract, a time donation program will be established to assist full-time employees, eligible to earn accruals, who have exhausted all \naccumulated paid leave and all disability leave benefits available as a result of a catastrophic \nillness or injury that is not job related. This program neither supersedes nor replaces other disability programs covered by this Contract. \n - 101 -Section 33.2. Conditions. \nAn employee may utilize the time donation program only if all of the following conditions are \nmet: \n \n(A) Prior to requesting approval for donation of vacation leave, the employee \nmust have exhausted all paid leave and dis ability leave benefits available to \nhim/her; and \n \n(B) The employee shall submit an application requesting donation of vacation \nleave from other bargaining unit employees in the same division to the \nDirector of the Department of Human Resources or designee. The application \nshall include acceptable medical document ation of a catastrophic illness or \ninjury that is not job related, including diagnosis and prognosis. The injury or long-term illness must require the employee to be away from work for at least \none (1) full pay period. This application shall be on a form mutually agreed to \nby the City and the Union; and \n (C) The Director of the Department of Human Resources or designee shall \ndetermine that the injury or long-term illness is catastrophic in nature and that \nthe employee is eligible to receive vacation leave donations from other \nbargaining unit employees in the same division. If an employee works in a division with fewer than forty (40) employees in the bargaining unit, the City would consider donations from employ ees from outside the division, but \ninside the department; and \n \n(D) The approved application shall be forwarded to Local 1632. The Local shall \npost a notice on the Union bulletin boards to other bargaining unit employees \nin the same division that the eligible employee may receive donations of vacation leave; and \n \n(E) If the eligible employee is in a probationary period, the probation will be \nextended by the number of days the employee is off duty receiving leave \ndonations. The Civil Service Commission must be notified of an extension of \nany probationary period; and \n (F) Donated leave shall be considered si ck leave but shall never be converted \ninto a cash benefit. \n Section 33.3. Employees Donating Vacation Time.\n \n \n(A) An employee desiring to donate vacation leave shall submit a completed time \ndonation form to the Division payroll office. \n (B) It is understood that all vacation leave donations are voluntary and once \nvacation leave is donated, it will not be returned to the donating employee. \n (C) All donated vacation leave shall be paid at the regular hourly rate of the \nemployee receiving and using the donated leave, not at the regular hourly rate of the employee donating the leave. \n \n - 102 -(D) Vacation leave may be donated in increments of at least four (4) hours. \n \nThis is a completely voluntary program. A decision made by the City regarding implementation, \nacceptance or rejection of an application for donations shall be final and the same shall not be \nsubject to the grievance and arbitration procedure. \n - 103 - ARTICLE 34 - DURATION OF CONTRACT \n \n \nThis Contract signed on _____________, shall be effective as of April 1, 2008, and shall remain in full force \nand effect through March 31, 2011 unless either party gives written notice to the other of its intent to terminate \nor modify at least one hundred twenty (120) days prior to its expiration date. \n \nFOR THE CITY OF COLUMBUS: FOR THE UNION: \n \n______________________________ _____________________________ \nMichael B. Coleman, Mayor R. Sean Grayson, Chief Negotiator AFSCME Ohio Council 8 \n \n______________________________ _____________________________ Ronald G. Linville, Chief Negotiator Roberta Skok, Regional Director \n AFSCME Ohio Council 8 \n______________________________ _____________________________ \nChester C. Christie, Director Douglas C. Moore \nDepartment of Human Resources President, AFSCME Local 1632 \n \n______________________________ _____________________________ Janet J. Campbell Clyde Bridges \nLabor Relations Manager \n ______________________________ _____________________________ \nBrooke K. Carnevale LeRoy Herd \n ______________________________ _____________________________ \nT. Lynn Carter Cynthia Johnson \n ______________________________ _____________________________ \nKathleen M. Daugherty Chip Moore \n ______________________________ _____________________________ \nE v a n L . H a r p e r B r i a n R i d l e y \n ______________________________ _____________________________ \nM a r k E . K o u n s E r n e s t S m o o t \n \n______________________________ _____________________________ \nCheri N. Mason Tim Wyche \n \n______________________________ \nScott Messer \n______________________________ \nJames D. Reynolds \n \n______________________________ \nAdam Robins \n______________________________ \nJoseph E. Selby \n______________________________ \nKevin G. Williams \n - 104 - \n \n \n \n \n \nAPPENDIX A - CORRELATION OF JOB CLASSIFICATIONS TO PAY RANGES \n - 105 -APPENDIX A \nAFSCME LOCAL 1632 \n \nCORRELATION OF JOB CLASSIFICATIONS TO PAY RANGES \n \n Class Code\n Classifications Pay Range(s) \n \n1234 Accountant I 25 \n1565 Alcohol and Drug Abuse Counselor 24 to 29 \n3468 Automotive Body Mechanic 24 \n3469 Automotive Body Repair Supervisor 26 \n3459 Automotive Mechanic (Heavy) 25 \n3464 Automotive Mechanic Helper 12 to 17 \n3458 Automotive Mechanic (Light) 24 \n3456 Automotive Mechanic Supervisor I 26 \n1350 Automotive Parts Keeper 17 to 21 \n1351 Automotive Parts Keeper Supervisor 25 to 28 \n3452 Automotive Tire Repairer 19 to 21 \n \n3855 Boiler Operator 20 to 25 \n1768 Building Inspector I 28 to 32 \n3486 Building Maintenance Electrician 23 to 25 \n3494 Building Maintenance Worker 21 \n1115 Building Plan Examiner I 29 to 34 \n 3126 Cable Broadcast Assistant 9 to 15 \n3127 Cable Broadcast Production Technician 20 to 25 \n3128 Cable Broadcast Writer/Producer 25 to 30 \n3555 Cable Worker I 25 to 30 \n3556 Cable Worker II 28 to 32 \n3557 Cable Worker Supervisor I 30 to 34 \n1295 Cashier I 20 \n1296 Cashier II 22 \n0798 Community Relations Representative 23 to 26 \n0538 Computer Operator I 19 to 23 \n0539 Computer Operator II 24 to 30 \n1019 Construction Inspector I (Civil) 23 to 26 \n1020 Construction Inspector II (Civil) 26 to 27 \n0771 Contract Compliance Investigator 23 to 26 \n3426 Crane Operator 24 \n0842 Criminal Intelligence Analyst 28 \n3529 Custodial Supervisor 17 to 21 \n3525 Custodial Worker 15 \n0434 Customer Service Representative I 18 to 24 \n0435 Customer Service Representative II 21 to 26 \n - 106 -Class \nCode Classifications Pay Range(s) \n \n2030 Development Project Assistant 28 \n (Audio-Visual Communications) \n2044 Development Rehabilitation Technician 27 to 31 \n1482 Dietitian 23 to 29 \n1183 Drafter/CAD Operator 18 to 21 \n1182 Drafting Trainee 16 \n \n1619 Education Program Instructor $7.00 to $12.50/hr. \n1132 Electrical Engineering Associate I 25 \n1133 Electrical Engineering Associate II 28 \n1782 Electrical Inspector I 28 to 32 \n3305 Electricity Consumer Servicer 23 \n3589 Electricity Load Dispatcher 30 to 34 \n3626 Electric Meter Technician 25 to 30 \n3618 Electric Metering Supervisor I 29 to 32 \n3588 Electric Switchboard Operator 27 to 31 \n3587 Electric Switchboard Operator Trainee 23 \n3668 Electronic System Technician 25 to 29 \n1626 EMS Instructor 30 to 34 \n1006 Engineering Aide I 17 \n1007 Engineering Aide II 21 \n1031 Engineering Associate I 25 to 26 \n1032 Engineering Associate II 28 \n0768 Environmental Programs Specialist 26 to 29 \n3420 Equipment Operator I 19 to 22 \n3421 Equipment Operator II 21 to 23 \n3430 Excavator 21 to 24 \n 3013 Fingerprint Technician 21 \n3015 Fingerprint Technician Specialist (AFIS) 25 to 28 \n3014 Fingerprint Technician Supervisor 25 to 28 \n3012 Fingerprint Technician Trainee 18 \n3025 Firing Range Assistant 13 to 20 \n1232 Fiscal Assistant I 12 to 24 \n1233 Fiscal Assistant II 15 to 26 \n3744 Fleet Attendant 14 \n1911 Forensic Scientist I 28 to 30 \n \n3696 Gardener 20 to 23 \n3712 Greenskeeper 20 to 25 \n3713 Golf Course Superintendent 25 to 30 \n \n3902 Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning 23 to 25 \n Technician \n - 107 -Class \nCode Classifications Pay Range(s) \n \n0660 Income Tax Auditor 25 to 30 \n0546 Information Systems Technician 22 to 29 \n \n1971 Laboratory Assistant 18 to 23 \n3682 Laborer 12 to 17 \n or 18* \n3616 Lamp Servicer 20 to 28 \n3009 Latent Print Examiner Trainee 23 to 25 \n1891 License Officer 28 to 29 \n3507 Locksmith 23 to 25 \n \n3825 Machinist 25 \n0411 Mail Clerk 10 to 18 \n0937 Mail Specialist 16 to 25 \n3515 Maintenance Carpenter 23 to 25 \n3516 Maintenance Carpenter Supervisor 26 \n3720 Maintenance Painter 23 to 25 \n3911 Maintenance Plumber 23 to 25 \n1815 Mechanical Inspector I 28 to 32 \n0614 Micrographics Machine Operator 5 to 15 \n2039 Mobile Tool Technician 23 \n 0520 Network Technician 28 to 32 \n \n0407 Office Assistant I 12 to 23 \n0408 Office Assistant II 15 to 24 \n0406 Office Support Clerk 10 to 17 \n3872 Operator In Training 18 \n3112 Outreach Worker 13 to 18 \n \n3022 Parking Enforcement Officer 17 to 22 \n1300 Parking Meter Collector 18 to 21 \n1301 Parking Meter Collection Supervisor 22 to 26 \n3784 Parking Meter Repairer 23 \n3785 Parking Meter Repairer Supervisor 28 \n1206 Parks Development Associate 24 to 27 \n3772 Parks Maintenance Supervisor 23 \n3770 Parks Maintenance Worker 20 \n1944 Photography Technician 21 \n2010 Planner I 25 to 30 \n3799 Plant Maintenance Electrician I 25 to 29 \n3800 Plant Maintenance Electrician II 28 to 30 \n3812 Plant Maintenance Helper 21 \n3813 Plant Maintenance Mechanic 24 to 29 \n3814 Plant Maintenance Supervisor I 26 to 30 \n1775 Plumbing Inspector I 28 to 32 \n3004 Police Communications Technician 25 to 28 \n - 108 -Class \nCode Classifications Pay Range(s) \n \n1345 Police Property Clerk 18 to 24 \n0445 Police Records Technician 16 to 21 \n3576 Power Line Troubleshooter 29 to 33 \n3566 Power Line Worker I 25 to 30 \n3567 Power Line Worker II 28 to 32 \n3565 Power Line/Cable Worker Trainee 21 \n3568 Power Line Worker Supervisor I 30 to 34 \n1630 Practical Nurse 24 to 26 \n0767 Prevailing Wage Coordinator 30 \n0629 Print Services Specialist 19 \n0631 Print Services Supervisor 21 \n0627 Print Services Technician 13 to 17 \n1796 Property Maintenance Inspection Supervisor 33 to 34 \n1789 Property Maintenance Inspection Trainee 24 to 25 \n1790 Property Maintenance Inspector 28 to 32*** \n0783 Purchasing Expeditor 20 to 29 \n \n0813 Radio Dispatcher 18 to 20 \n3215 Recreation Instructor $7.00 to \n $12.50/hr. \n3162 Recreation Leader 23 to 25 \n3151 Recreation Service Representative 5 to 9 \n3193 Recreation Program Assistant 20 \n3923 Refuse Collector and Vehicle Operator (Manual) 21 to 23 \n3928 Refuse Collection Supervisor 26 to 27 \n3922 Refuse Collection Vehicle Operator 22 to 23 \n (Automated) \n3924 Refuse Collector 19 \n3925 Refuse Collector and Packer Operator 24 \n2034 Relocation Specialist 25 to 30 \n2081 Research Analyst 25 to 28 \n \n1716 Safety Program Technician 20 to 23 \n3538 Security Specialist 13 to 16 \n0438 311 Service Representative I 18 to 24 \n0439 311 Service Representative II 21 to 26 \n3316 Sewerage Charge Investigator 21 to 27 \n3952 Sewer Cleaning Equipment Operator 24 to 25 \n3968 Sewer Maintenance Supervisor I 24 to 25 \n3967 Sewer Maintenance Worker 19 to 23 \n3313 Sewer Service Worker (Emergency) 21 to 23 \n3973 Sewer Telemonitoring Operator 21 to 24 \n4013 Sign Painter-Fabricator 25 \n1866 Solid Waste Inspector 21 to 23 \n1329 Storekeeper 17 to 19 \n1330 Senior Storekeeper 22 \n3318 Stormwater Investigator 19 to 24 \n1002 Street Maintenance Investigator 26 \n3596 Substation Maintenance Supervisor 27 to 34 \n - 109 - \nClass \nCode Classifications Pay Range(s) \n 3595 Substation Maintenance Technician 25 to 32 \n3111 Supportive Services Advisor 23 \n1015 Surveyor-in-Training 28 to 30 \n0609 Telecommunications Specialist I 18 to 24 0610 Telecommunications Specialist II 25 to 29 \n3549 Trades Helper (Electrical) 19 \n4024 Traffic Line Worker 25 to 27 \n4018 Traffic Maintenance Supervisor I 27 to 28 \n4015 Traffic Maintenance Worker 21 \n4016 Traffic Paint and Sign Worker 24 \n3760 Tree Trimmer 20 to 22 \n3761 Tree Trimmer Supervisor 23 to 25 \n 3473 Upholsterer 23 \n4055 Utility Line Locater 22 \n 1928 Wastewater Chemist I 27 to 29 \n3873 Wastewater Plant Operator 20 to 25 \n3875 Wastewater Plant Supervisor I 26 to 29 1860 Wastewater Pretreatment Technician I 19 to 24 \n0769 Wastewater Soil Applications Coordinator 28 \n1262 Water Accounts Assistant Supervisor 21 to 24 \n4072 Water Metering Supervisor 29 to 30 \n3260 Water Service Technician I 22 to 24 \n3276 Water Service Technician II 25 to 28 \n3864 Water Distribution Operator I 26 \n4040 Water Maintenance Supervisor I 24 to 25 \n4039 Water Maintenance Worker 19 or 21* \n4072 Water Metering Supervisor 29 to 30 \n3886 Water Plant Attendant 20 \n3881 Water Plant Operator I 26 \n1886 Weights and Measures Inspector 23 to 28 \n3830 Welder 24 \n * Employee may be designated as \"senior\" and may be paid at the higher range based upon \ndocumented meritorious service for not less than two years under the title listed. \n \n*** Minimum criteria for an incumbent in this class to attain the two highest pay ranges (Pay Range 31 and \n32) would include, but not be limited to, successful completion of the Building Officials and Code \nAdministrators (BOCA) 1 and 2 Family Dwelling Combination Inspector examination. \n - 110 - \nN/A - classification is not relevant to the bargaining unit because of classification abolishment, retitlement \nthrough the Civil Service Commission, or seasonal designation. \n \nClass \nCode Classifications \n 1230 Account Clerk N/A \n1231 Account Clerk II N/A \n0878 Aging Programs Coordinator N/A \n1864 Air Pollution Control Officer I N/A \n0720 Airport Television Security System Monitor N/A \n 0533 Billing Specialist I N/A \n0534 Billing Specialist II N/A \nBilling Specialist I (Electricity) N/A \nBilling Specialist II (Electricity) N/A \n0528 Bookkeeping Machine Operator I N/A \n0529 Bookkeeping Machine Operator II N/A \n3424 Bridge Crane Operator N/A \n1257 Business Development Assistant N/A \n 3437 Chauffeur N/A \n0704 City Clean-Up Program Worker N/A \n0429 Clerical Aide N/A \n0430 Clerk I N/A \n0431 Clerk II N/A \n0432 Clerk III N/A \n0557 Clerk Specialist N/A \n3896 Composting Operator N/A \n1475 Concession Attendant N/A \n3461 Construction Equipment Attendant N/A \n1143 Construction Inspector (Electrical) N/A \n1886 Consumer Affairs Inspector N/A \n1887 Consumer Affairs Specialist N/A \n3528 Custodial Supervisor I N/A \n 3640 Data Communications Specialist I N/A \n0554 Data Entry Operator N/A \n0555 Data Entry Operator I N/A \n0556 Data Entry Operator II N/A \n0537 Data Processing Computer Operator Trainee N/A \n3634 Data Processing Electronics Shop Supervisor I N/A \n0535 Data Processing Operations Assistant N/A \n0578 Data Processing Programmer Trainee N/A \n1789 Development Inspection Trainee N/A \n1790 Development Inspector I N/A \n1791 Development Inspector II N/A \n2024 Development Project Assistant I N/A \n (Community Development) \n - 111 -Class \nCode Classifications \n \n2025 Development Project Assistant II N/A \n (Community Development) \n1278 Development Project Assistant I N/A \n (Loans and Grants) \n1279 Development Project Assistant II N/A \n (Loans and Grants) \n2020 Development Project Assistant (Planning) N/A \n0753 Development Project Assistant I (Research) N/A \n0754 Development Project Assistant II (Research) N/A \n2007 Development Services Assistant N/A \nDevelopment Technician I (Relocation) N/A \nDevelopment Technician II (Relocation) N/A \n1190 Drafter (Architectural) N/A \n1184 Drafter II (Civil) N/A \n1187 Drafter I (Electrical) N/A \n1188 Drafter II (Electrical) N/A \n0627 Duplicating Machines Operator N/A \n0628 Duplicating Machines Operator II N/A \n0631 Duplicating Services Supervisor N/A \n \n3115 Education Planner I N/A \n1148 Electrical Engineer I N/A \n1138 Electrical Engineer-In-Training I N/A \n1139 Electrical Engineer-In-Training II N/A \n3601 Electricity Maintenance Supervisor I N/A \n3600 Electricity Maintenance Worker N\\A \n3802 Electricity Plant Electrician N/A \n3625 Electric Meter Installer N/A \nEmployment Opportunity Officer N/A \n3677 Environmental Blight Abatement Worker N/A \n \nGardener I N/A \nGardener II N/A \n3870 Generator Station Operator I N/A \n3706 Groundskeeper N/A \nGroundskeeper I N/A \nGroundskeeper II N/A \n \nHeating Inspector I (Convection) N/A \n3848 High Pressure Boiler Operator N/A \n Incinerator and Boiler Operator N/A \nIncinerator and Boiler Operator Supervisor I N/A \nIncinerator Operator N/A \n \n \n \n - 112 -Class \nCode Classifications \n \n3123 Instructor N/A \n \n1970 Laboratory Assistant I N\\A \nLandfill Operations Supervisor I N/A \n1205 Landscape Architect Associate II N/A \nLifeguard N/A \n \n0936 Mail Handler I N/A \n3478 Maintenance Blacksmith N/A \nManpower Placement Officer I N/A \n1122 Mechanical Engineer I N/A \n1102 Mechanical Engineering Associate I N/A \n1103 Mechanical Engineering Associate II N/A \n1108 Mechanical Engineer-In-Training I N/A \n1109 Mechanical Engineer-In-Training II N/A \n0450 Messenger N/A \n0613 Micrographics Machine Operator I N/A \n 1610 Nurse Instructor (Cardiovascular) N/A \n3767 Nursery Supervisor I N/A \n1480 Nutrition Assistant N/A \n1482 Nutritionist N/A \n 0629 Offset Print Operator N/A \n 3749 Parking Attendant N/A \n0742 Parking Facility Attendant N/A \n0741 Parking Facility Supervisor N/A \n1290 Payroll Clerk I N/A \n1943 Photography Technician Trainee N/A \n3860 Plant Conveyor Operator N/A \n3668 Plant Instruments Technician N/A \n3867 Plant Pulverizer Operator N/A \n0561 Police Coder and Key Punch Operator N/A \n1346 Police Property Room Supervisor N/A \n0606 Posting Machine Operator I N/A \n0607 Posting Machine Operator II N/A \n3608 Power Line Truck Operator N/A \n1628 Practical Nurse I N/A \n1637 Professional Nurse N/A \n3102 Public Information Assistant Trainee N/A \n0795 Public Receptionist N/A \n3055 Public Safety Aide N/A \n \nQuality Control Supervisor N/A \n3019 Questioned Documents Examiner N/A \n - 113 -Class \nCode Classifications \n \n3635 Radio Technician N/A \n2035 Real Estate Relocation Specialist II N/A \n0467 Receptionist-Secretary N/A \n3684 Recreation and Parks Aide N/A \nRecreation Facility Attendant N/A \n3169 Recreation Playground Leader N/A \n2082 Research Analyst II N/A \n \n1720 Safety Programs Assistant Coordinator N/A \n3931 Sanitation District Assistant Supervisor N/A \n3534 Shelterhouse Caretaker N/A \n1805 Sign Inspector I N/A \n0818 Skip Tracer N/A \n0443 Soundex Clerk I N/A \n0444 Soundex Clerk II N/A \n3849 Steam Operating Engineer N/A \n0476 Stenographer N/A \n0475 Stenographer-Clerk I N/A \n1192 Street Assessment Investigator N/A \n3988 Street Cleaning Supervisor I N/A \n3997 Street Maintenance Supervisor N/A \n3995 Street Maintenance Worker N/A \n0781 Student Intern I N/A \n0782 Student Intern II N/A \n3680 Summer Worker N/A \n 0624 Telephone Operator N\\A \n0625 Telephone Operator Supervisor N\\A \n3650 Telephone Technician N/A \n3503 Trades Helper (Buildings) N/A \nTraffic Engineer I N/A \nTraffic Engineer II N/A \nTraffic Engineering Aide I N/A \nTraffic Engineering Aide II N/A \nTraffic Engineer-In-Training I N/A \nTraffic Engineer-In-Training II N/A \nTraffic Line Worker I N/A \nTraffic Line Worker II N/A \nTraffic Line Worker Supervisor I N/A \nTreatment Plant Attendant N/A \n1875 Tree Inspector N/A \n3417 Truck Driver N/A \n0464 Typist-Clerk II N/A \n0465 Typist-Clerk III N/A \n 2068 Urban Sociologist I N/A \n \n - 114 -Class \nCode Classifications \n \n2069 Urban Sociologist II N/A \n \n3878 Wastewater Heat Treatment Unit Operator N/A \nWater Chemist I N/A \n0726 Water Contracts Assistant Supervisor N/A \n0727 Water Contracts Supervisor N/A \nWater Pumping Plant Operator N/A \nWeed and Encroachment Inspector N/A \n3918 Weighmaster N/A \n3536 Window Cleaner N/A \n \n0708 Youth Service Aide N/A \n0709 Youth Service Counselor I N/A \nYouth Training Counselor N/A \n0926 Youth Work Trainee N/A \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n - 115 - \n \n \n \nAPPENDIX B - MEMORANDUM OF UNDERSTANDING \n - 116 -APPENDIX B \n \nMEMORANDA OF UNDERSTANDING \n \n \nMOU #2008-01 Department of Finance and Management, Di vision of Fleet Management; 4-10 Hour \nDays Work Schedule \n \nMOU #2007-01 Department of Public Utilities; Operat ors in Training and Certification Incentive \n \nMOU #2006-06 Department of Public Safety, Division of Police; Crime Laboratory 4-10 Hour Days \nSchedule \n MOU #2006-05 Department of Public Service; 311 Service Center Work Hours \n MOU #2005-09 City of Columbus; One Stop Shop Partic ipating Departments (Development, Public \nService and Public Utilities) \n MOU #2005-07 Department of Public Service, Division of Transportation; Overtime Equalization List for \nWinter Season Assignments \n \nMOU #2005-01 Department of Public Service, Division of Transportation, Construction Services; \nOvertime \n \nMOU #2004-06 Department of Public Safety, Division of Fire; Work Schedule for EMS Instructor \n MOU #2004-03 Department of Public Service, Division of Transportation, Street Maintenance Operations \nSection; 4-10 Hour Day Work Schedule for Third Shift Personnel, Central Outpost \n MOU #2003-03 Department of Public Service, Parking Violations Bureau; Cashier I and II Work \nSchedule \n MOU #2003-02 Western-Southern Life Payroll Deduction \n MOU #2002-01 Department of Public Utilities, Division of Power and Water (Power), Customer Service \nCenter; 4-10 Hour Days Work Schedule \n MOU #2001-09 Department of Recreation and Parks, Permits Section; Part-time Employees Alternating \nWork Schedule \n MOU #2001-07 Department of Public Utilities, Division of Water; Skill Based Pay for Performance \nProgram \n MOU #2001-03 Transfer of Employees from Department of Health to Department of Development \n MOU #2000-01 Department of Technology, Division of Information Services; Section 16.4 Interpretation \n \nMOU #1998-09 Department of Public Service, Division of Transportation, Traffic Maintenance Shop; 4 - \n10 Hour Days Work Schedule \n MOU #1998-07 Department of Public Utilities, Division of Power and Water (Power), Power Line \nTroubleshooters; 4-10 Hour Days Work Schedule \n \n - 117 -MOU #1997-14 Department of Technology, Division of Information Services, Computer Operator I and \nComputer Operator II; Shift Rotation \n \nMOU #1997-03 Department of Public Service, Division of Transportation; Non-24-Hour Operation \n \nMOU #1996-02 Department of Public Safety, Division of Police; Communication Technicians; Bidding of Holidays \n \nMOU #1996-01 Department of Public Safety, Division of Police; Communication Technicians/Small Craft Activities \n \nMOU #1994-11 Department of Public Service, Division of Transportation, Street Maintenance; Winter \nSeason Assignment \n \nMOU #1994-05 Department of Public Service, Division of Refuse Collection; Mandatory Overtime \nProcedures \n \nMOU #1994-01 Payroll Deduction Slot for Group Legal Services Plan \n \nMOU #1993-08 Department of Public Utilities, Division of Power and Water (Power), Electric \nSwitchboard Section; 4-10 Hour Days Work Schedule \n \nMOU #1993-04 Department of Public Utilities, Division of Power and Water (Water), Consumer Services \nSection; 4-10 Hour Days Work Schedule \n \nMOU #1992-09 Department of Public Utilities, Division of Power and Water (Power); 4-10 Hour Work \nDays Schedule \n \nMOU #1992-06 Department of Public Utilities, Division of Sewerage & Drainage, Southerly Wastewater \nTreatment Plant; Four Operating Shifts \n MOU #1991-01 Department of Public Utilities, Division of Sewerage & Drainage, Southwesterly \nComposting Facility; 4-10 Hour Days Work Schedule \n \nMOU #1989-02 Department of Development, Division of Neighborhood Services; Work Schedules \n \nMOU #1987-04 Department of Public Utilities, Division of Power and Water (Power), Distribution Section; \n4 -10 Hour Days Work Schedule \n \n \n - 118 - \n \nMEMORANDUM OF UNDERSTAND ING #2008-01 (revised May 2008) \nBETWEEN AFSCME, OHIO COUNCIL 8, LOCAL 1632 \nAND THE CITY OF COLUMBUS \nDEPARTMENT OF FINANCE & MANAGEMENT \nDIVISION OF FLEET MANAGEMENT \n \nFOUR DAY PER WEEK, TEN HOUR PER DAY WORK SCHEDULE \n \n \nThe City of Columbus and AFSCME, Ohio Council 8, Local 1632, enter into this Memorandum of Understanding (hereinafter referred to as MOU) and agree that the following provisions shall be enacted for employees of the Division of Fleet Management working at the Groves Road Facility in the job classifications known as Automotive Mechanic Hea vy (AMH), Automotive Partskeeper (ATP), and Automotive Mechanic \nHelper (AHLP). \n \nHOURS OF WORK\n \n \nThe normal workweek for those classifications covered by this MOU shall consist of four (4) ten (10) hour \nworkdays to be worked within the seven (7) day workweek and in accordance with the schedules herein. Each \nemployee will have three (3) scheduled days off during each workweek under the terms of this MOU. Per the \nappended schedules, the three (3) scheduled days off will be either three (3) consecutive days off or two (2) \nconsecutive days off with the third scheduled day off occurring elsewhere during the workweek. The following work schedules are appended to this MOU to illustrate the anticipated schedules to be assigned to the affected employees. Under the terms of this MOU, management retains the right to apportion staff to any \nof the anticipated work schedules. \n \n Sunday Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday \nA Off Off Off \n Off Off Off \n Off Off Off \n Off Off Off \n Off Off Off \n Off Off Off \n \nB Off Off Off \n \n \nOVERTIME ELIGIBILITY AND PAY \n \nOvertime eligibility and pay will be administered pursuant to Article 16 of the Collective Bargaining Agreement \n(Contract). \n - 119 -Memorandum of Understanding #2008-01 (revised May 2008) \nCity/AFSCME 1632 Page 2 of 4 \n \nDISABILITY LEAVE PROCEDURES\n \n \nAll full-time employees working four (4) ten (10) hour shifts shall be eligible to participate in the City’s disability leave program as provided in Ar ticle 21 of the Contract, provided however that \nany ten (10) hour employee deemed to be on said disability leave program shall receive a \npayment of 81% of said employee’s gross wage under the following formula: \n \n(A) The employee’s gross wages shall be computed on a forty (40) hour workweek for \neach full week in which an employee is off work. \n \n(B) The employee shall receive a payment of 81% of his gross wages based upon said \nforty (40) hour workweek for each full week in which an employee is off work. \n \n(C) For any partial week in which an employee is on the disability leave program, said \nemployee shall receive a payment of 81% of his gross wages, under the above-\nnoted formula, pro-rated to the numbers of hours said employee is off work during \nhis regularly scheduled workweek. \n HOLIDAY SCHEDULE\n \n The provisions contained in Article 17 of the Contract shall govern the eligibility and use of \nholiday pay for those employees covered within this MOU, unless specifically indicated below. \n \n(A) If the holiday falls on the first or second regularly scheduled day off, the holiday shall \nbe observed on the day preceding the first regularly scheduled day off. \n \n(B) If the holiday falls on the third regular ly scheduled day off, the holiday shall be \nobserved on the following work day. \n \n(C) An employee under this MOU working a four (4) ten (10) hour shift and who works on \na day celebrated as a holiday shall be paid at the rate of time and one-half (1-1/2) for \nall hours worked, in addition to any holiday pay for which the employee is eligible. \n \n(D) When taking a birthday holiday, an employ ee under this MOU shall be paid ten (10) \nhours of holiday pay. \n \n - 120 -Memorandum of Understanding #2008-01 (revised May 2008) \nCity/AFSCME 1632 Page 3 of 4 \n \nSHIFT DIFFERENTIAL\n \n \nShift differential eligibility and pay will be administered pursuant to Section 26.6 of the Contract. \n \n(A) The applicable shift differential rate will be paid over and above the regular hourly \nrate to employees who are assigned to wo rk ten (10) hours on the second shift and \nthe applicable shift differential rate will be paid over and above the regular hourly rate to employees who are assigned to work ten (10) hours on the third shift. The applicable shift differential rate will be the negotiated rate as provided in the Contract. \n \n (B) For purposes of this section, an employee is considered to be on the first shift if the \nmajority of their hours worked fall between 7:00 a.m. and 3:00 p.m. An employee is \nconsidered to be on the second shift if the majority of their hours worked fall between 3:00 p.m. and 11:00 p.m. An employee is considered to be on the third shift if the \nmajority of their hours worked fall between 11:00 p.m. and 7:00 a.m. \n \nVACATION LEAVE\n \n An employee’s vacation leave accrual and/or usage shall be in accordance with the provisions contained in Article 19 of the Contract. An employee who requests and is granted a vacation \nday off for a day on which he is scheduled to work a four (4) ten (10) hour shift shall be charged \nten (10) hours of vacation pay for said day off. For vacation leave of less than one (1) full work day, an employee shall be charged in increments of not less than one-tenth (1/10) hour for all time on vacation during any ten (10) hour shift. \n \nSICK LEAVE ENTITLEMENT\n \n \nSick leave entitlement and usage shall be administe red for employees covered by this MOU in \naccordance with the provisions contained in Article 20 of the Contract. For each ten (10) hours of regularly scheduled work from which an employee is absent, sick leave with pay shall be used at the rate of ten (10) hours. For sick leave of less than one (1) full work day, an employee \nshall be charged increments of not less than one-tenth (1/10) hour for all time on sick leave \nduring any ten (10) hour shift. \n \nPERSONAL BUSINESS DAY\n \n \nPersonal business day entitlement and usage shall be administered in accordance with the \nprovisions of Article 18 of the Contract. Employees will be required to supplement the eight (8) hour personal business day with two (2) hours of vacation leave or compensatory time in order \nto be paid for a ten (10) hour workday. \n \n - 121 - \nMemorandum of Understanding #2008-01 (revised May 2008) City/AFSCME 1632 \nPage 4 of 4 \n DURATION\n \n This MOU remains in full force and effect until March 31, 2011 unless either party gives written \nnotice to the other of its intent to terminate this MOU at least thirty (30) days prior to its \ntermination date. \nFOR THE CITY: FOR THE UNION: \n \n_________________________________ _________________________________ \nChester C. Christie R. Sean Grayson Human Resources Director General Counsel AFSCME, Ohio Council 8 \n \n_______________________________ _______________________________ \nD a t e D a t e _________________________________ _________________________________ Joel S. Taylor Douglas C. Moore, President Director of Finance and Management AFSCME Local 1632 \n \n______________________________ _______________________________ D a t e D a t e \n \n - 122 -MEMORANDUM OF UNDERSTAND ING #2007-01 (revised May 2008) \nBETWEEN AFSCME, OHIO COUNCIL 8, LOCAL 1632 \nAND THE CITY OF COLUMBUS \nDEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC UTILITIES \n \nRegarding OPERATORS IN TRAINING AND CERTIFICATION INCENTIVE \n \n \nPursuant to Sections 26.10 and 32.3 of the Collective Bargaining Contract between the City of \nColumbus and the American Federation of Stat e, County, and Municipal Employees, Ohio \nCouncil 8, Local 1632, the parties hereby agree to amend Appendix A of the Collective \nBargaining Contract dated April 1, 2008 - March 31, 2011, as follows: \n \nClass Code Classification Pay Range \n 3872 Operator In Training 18 Further, the parties agree to modify the contract for employees in the classification of Operator \nIn Training, Wastewater Plant Operator, Water Plant Operator I , and Wastewater Plant \nSupervisor I as follows: \nTRAINING FOR THE CERTIFICATION\n \nAn Operator In Training (OIT) will be provided with Operator Training Committee of Ohio \n(OTCO) Water I or Wastewater I course in a correspondence format and will be provided the materials at no cost to the employee. \n \nStudy time will be incorporated into the eight (8) hour day for employees in the OIT classification. \nON THE JOB TRAINING\n \nRotation of OITs within each of the plant sections during the probationary period will be done so \nthat knowledge and competence is developed and maintained by the employee. All plant staff \nare required to demonstrate equipment and explain procedures to any and all employees as \ndirected by management. \nOPERATOR CERTIFICATION EXAMINATION\n \nAn OIT is required to do the following: \n (A) An OIT will successfully complete the OTCO correspondence course within one \n(1) year of appointment and receive a score of 70% or greater; \n \n (B) An OIT will take the Wastewater Works Operator Class I or Public Water System \nOperator I certification exam, at least once, during the probationary period; \n \n(C) An OIT must take all Wastewater Works Operator Class I or Public Water \nSystem Operator I certification exam s administered after the one (1) year \nanniversary date until passing. \n \n(D) Failure to meet one or more of the above standards may result in termination of \nthe employee. \n - 123 -Memorandum of Understanding #2007-01 (revised May 2008) \nCity/AFSCME 1632 Page 2 of 4 \n \n \nAn OIT must obtain and maintain his/her Class 1 certification within twenty-four (24) months of date of hire or a disciplinary hearing will be held that will result in termination. \n \nOVERTIME\n \nOvertime will be set up on a hierarchy in wastewater treatment plants, consistent with Section 16.4 of the contract, with OITs not being eligible for overtime until they have successfully completed the on-the-job training curriculum. After completion of the on-the-job training program, OITs will be eligible for authorized overtime within the Wastewater Plant Operator classification that is called in the following order: \n \n (A) Wastewater Plant Operators will be offered first. \n(B) OITs will be offered second. \n(C) Wastewater Plant Supervisor Is will be offered third. \n \nOITs, once trained in specific process areas, will be used to fill in for operator vacancies prior to \nauthorizing overtime. An OIT filling in for a Wastewater Plant Operator shall not constitute a working out of classification assignment. \nOvertime will be set up on a hierarchy in water treatment plants for overtime within the Water \nPlant Operator I classification in the following order: (A) Water Plant Operator Is will be offered first. \n \n (B) OITs will be offered second. \n \nOITs working in a water treatment plant must have the appropriate laboratory certification (full or \noperational) required by the City of Columbus before being eligible for overtime as a Water \nPlant Operator I. An OIT filling in for a Water Plant Operator I shall not constitute a working out of classification assignment. \n \nPROMOTION\n \nAn OIT may be promoted to the Wastewater Plant Operator or Water Plant Operator I \nclassification(s) after the following four (4) conditions are met: \n (A) An OIT has obtained the Class I certification; AND \n \n(B) An OIT has worked at the plant for one (1) year; AND (C) An OIT in Water must have the appropriate laboratory certification (full or \noperational) as required by the OEPA; AND \n (D) Satisfaction of all Civil Service and Department of Public Utilities’ rules, policies \nand procedures. \n - 124 - \nMemorandum of Understanding #2007-01 (revised May 2008) \nCity/AFSCME 1632 \nPage 3 of 4 \n \nA leave of absence from the OIT to accept an appointment to another classification will not be \ngranted. \n SHIFT SELECTION\n \nAt the time of initial appointment, the OIT will be assigned to a shift by management. Once an OIT has completed all of the requirements to be an operator as stated in the “PROMOTION” section above, the OIT’s shift will be bid per Section 13.3 of the collective \nbargaining agreement. \n \nIf, during the course of the shift bidding process a more senior Water Plant Operator I or \nWastewater Plant Operator requests the OIT’s shift through the seniority transfer process, the \nOIT will then be required to accept the shift remaining after the bid process is complete. This \nmay result in the OIT being transferred to another shift and/or another plant. \nCERTIFICATION INCENTIVE\n \nIncentive pay for certifications beyond what is r equired by the classification specification will be \nprovided for each hour worked. Effective with the first payperiod following passage of the 2008-\n2011 Collective Bargaining Agreement by City Council, employees will receive the incentive \nbased on hours in paid status as follows: Classification\n Certification Required Incentive Provided \nWastewater Plant Operator Wastewater Works Operator Class I/Class II $0.25 \nWastewater Plant Operator Wastewater Works Operator Class I/Class III $0.50 \n Wastewater Plant Supervisor I Wastewater Works Operator Class II/Class III $0.25 Water Plant Operator I Public Water System Operator I/Class II $0.25 \nWater Plant Operator I Public Water System Operator I/Class III $0.50 \n \nIncentive pay will be effective the first pay period following notice of certification. \n \nEmployees who are receiving an incentive and fail to maintain a valid certification shall notify \nplant management within one (1) working day of loss of such certification. \n Certifications will be verified at least once per year by the Human Resources Section of the Department of Public Utilities working in conjunction with Plant Management. For purposes of this paragraph, “grandparented” applies only to Wastewater Plant Operators \nwho were hired prior to the Civil Service requirement of possessing an EPA certification (June \n27, 2005). Employees who were not grandparented into the classification and fail to maintain \n - 125 -Memorandum of Understanding #2007-01 (revised May 2008) \nCity/AFSCME 1632 Page 4 of 4 \n \n \nthe required certification for their class will have a disciplinary hearing scheduled that will result \nin termination. Employees who are grandparented into the classification, obtain the certification and then subsequently fail to maintain certification will only lose the incentive pay (i.e., the incentive for each hour worked will discontinue being paid). DURATION\n \nThis MOU may be terminated by either party givi ng to the other party thirty (30) days prior \nwritten notice, but shall not extend beyond March 31, 2011. \nFOR THE CITY: FOR AFSCME: \n \n \n________________________ _______________________ \nChester C. Christie R. Sean Grayson \nDirector of Human Resources General Counsel AFSCME, Ohio Council 8 ___________________ ____________________ D a t e D a t e \n \n ________________________ ________________________ Tatyana Arsh, P.E. Douglas C. Moore, President Director of Public Utilities AFSCME Local 1632 \n \n___________________ _____________________ D a t e D a t e \n - 126 -MEMORANDUM OF UNDERSTAND ING #2006-06 (revised May 2008) \n \nBETWEEN AFSCME LOCAL 1632 \nAND THE CITY OF COLUMBUS \nDEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC SAFETY \nDIVISION OF POLICE \nREGARDING CRIME LABORATORY 4X10 HOUR SCHEDULE \n \n \nThe City of Columbus and AFSCME, Ohio Council 8, Local 1632, hereby agree to the following provisions being enacted for the employees of the Department of Public Safety, Division of \nPolice, Crime Laboratory, in the position of Forensic Scientist I, with more than six (6) months \ncontinuous employment. Unless specifically amended by this Memorandum of Understanding \n(hereinafter referred to as MOU), all wages, hours and terms of conditions of employment shall \nbe administered in accordance with the Collective Bargaining Contract (hereinafter referred to as the Contract). \nHOURS OF WORK\n \n \nThe normal workweek shall consist of four (4) ten (10) hour days. For purposes of overtime, \ncalculations will be based on a workweek of a Sunday through Saturday schedule. Each employee shall be assigned with days off consis ting of F/S/S or S/S/M. Management shall \ndetermine the number of employees to be assi gned with designated days off. Duty hours will \nbegin no earlier than 6:00 am and no later than 9:00 am and will continue for 10 ½ hours. \nHOLIDAY PAY\n \n \n(A) The provisions contained in Article 17 of the Contract shall govern the eligibility and \nusage of holiday pay for those employees covered herein unless specifically changed \nhereunder. \n (B) In accordance with Section 17.9, the Appointing Authority shall adjust the workweek \nschedule for a holiday week. The workweek will consist of five (5) eight (8) hour workdays, and the employee will receiv e eight (8) hours of holiday pay. \n \nDISABILITY LEAVE PROCEDURES\n \n \nAll employees working ten (10) hour days shall be e ligible to participate in the City’s disability \nleave program as provided in Article 21 of the Contract, provided however, that a ten (10) hour \nemployee on approved disability leave shall receive 81% of his/her gross wage under the \nfollowing formula: \n \n(1) The employee’s gross wage shall be computed on a forty (40) hour workweek for \neach full week in which an employee is off work. \n \n(2) The employee shall receive 81% of his/her gross wage based upon said forty (40) \nhour workweek for each full week the employee is off work. \n - 127 - \nMOU #2006-06 (revised May 2008) \nCity/AFSCME \nCrime Laboratory \nPage 2 \n \n \n(3) For any partial week in which an employee is on the disability program, the employee \nshall receive 81% of his/her gross wage, under the above noted formula prorated to \nthe number of hours the employee is off work due to disability during his/her regularly \nscheduled workweek \n \nVACATION LEAVE \n \n(A) Any employee who requests and is granted a vacation day off for any day on which \nhe/she is scheduled to work a ten (10) hour shift shall be charged ten (10) hours of \nvacation leave for said day off. For vacation leaves of less than one (1) full workday, an employee shall be charged in increments of one-tenth (1/10) hour for all time off during any shift. \n (B) The Bureau Commander or his/her designee shall determine the number of employees \nallowed on scheduled vacation at any one time. Vacations shall be bid by seniority in \naccordance with the Contract. \n \nSICK LEAVE\n \n \nSick leave usage shall be administered in accordance with the provisions of Article 20 of the \nContract with the following modifications: \nFor each ten (10) hours of regular work from which an employee is absent, sick leave \nshall be used at the rate of ten (10) hours. For sick leave of less than one (1) full \nworkday, an employee shall be charged in increments of not less than one-tenth (1/10) hour for all time on sick leave during any shift. \n \nOVERTIME ELIGIBILITY AND PAY\n \n \n(A) Overtime eligibility and pay for the purposes of determining weekly overtime as provided \nin Section 16.3(B) and (C) shall be calculated on a Sunday through Saturday schedule. \n \n(B) For purposes of this MOU, the employee’s third consecutive day off will be considered \ntheir “regular second day off” for calculating double time payment. \n \nPERSONAL BUSINESS DAY \n \nIn accordance with Article 18 of the Contract, employees are to receive eight (8) hours of leave \nfor a Personal Business Day (PBD). Employees scheduled to work a (4) four ten (10) hour workweek and are approved for their PBD leave must either supplement the remaining time with \nother leave or must report to work for the remaining (2) two hours. \n - 128 -MOU #2006-06 (revised May 2008) \nCity/AFSCME Crime Laboratory \nPage 3 \n \nINJURY LEAVE\n \n \nAny employee, who is working a ten (10) hour shift and is off work as a result of a job-related injury, shall be assigned to the first shift, Monday through Friday, for the duration of his/her \ninjury leave. \nCOMPENSATORY TIME\n \n \nAn employee who requests and is granted compensatory time off for a day on which he/she is \nscheduled to work a ten (10) hour shift shall be charged ten (10) hours of compensatory time for said day off. For compensatory time of less than one (1) full work day, an employee shall be charged in increments of not less than one-tenth (1/10) hour for all time on compensatory time during any ten (10) hour shift. \n \nNON-PARTICIPANTS\n \n Any employee choosing not to participate in the four (4) ten (10) hour per day work schedule \nshall be assigned to the traditional (8) eight hour per day schedule (5) five days per workweek schedule. \n \nDURATION\n \n This alternative work schedule is considered a pilot program for the Division of Police, Crime \nLaboratory. This MOU may be terminated by either party giving to the other party thirty (30) \ndays prior written notice, but the duration shall not extend beyond March 31, 2011. \nFOR THE CITY: FOR AFSCME: \n \n________________________ _______________________ Chester C. Christie R. Sean Grayson \nDirector of Human Resources General Counsel \n AFSCME, Ohio Council 8 ___________________ ____________________ D a t e D a t e \n \n_________________________ ________________________ \nMitchell J. Brown Douglas C. Moore, President \nDepartment of Public Safety AFSCME Local 1632 ___________________ _____________________ \nD a t e D a t e \n - 129 - \n \n \nMEMORANDUM OF UNDERSTAND ING #2006-05 (revised May 2008) \nBETWEEN \nTHE CITY OF COLUMBUS AND AFSCME LOCAL 1632 \nPUBLIC SERVICE DEPARTMENT \n \nRegarding 311 SERVICE CENTER Work Hours \n \n The City of Columbus and AFSCME, Ohio Council 8, Local 1632 hereby agree to the following provisions being enacted for the employees of the Public Service Department, 311 Service \nCenter. Unless specifically amended by this Memorandum of Understanding (MOU), all wages, \nhours and other terms and conditions of employment shall be administered in accordance with \nthe Collective Bargaining Contract. Work Schedule and Hours of Work\n \n \n1. Two (2) 311 Service Representatives II will rotate between a work schedule of \nTuesday through Saturday and Monday through Friday. Each 311 Service Rep II will work a schedule of Tuesday through Saturday for two (2) weeks and a work schedule of Monday through Friday for four (4) weeks throughout the calendar year. \nThe hours of work for both schedules will be from 8:00 a.m. to 5:00 p.m. with a one \n(1) hour unpaid lunch. \n \n2. 311 Service Representatives I who are assigned to the work schedule of Tuesday \nthrough Saturday on a permanent basis will work from 8:00 a.m. to 5:00 p.m. with a \none (1) hour unpaid lunch. \n \n \nOvertime Eligibility and Pay\n \n The provisions contained in Article 16 of the Cont ract shall govern the eligibility for overtime \npay. \n1. For purposes of overtime, calculations shall be based on a workweek of Sunday \nthrough Saturday. \n \n2. 311 Service Representatives I worki ng Tuesday through Saturday will be paid double \ntime for time worked on the second consecutive day off, Monday, provided the employees have accumulated forty (40) straight time rate hours in paid status during the workweek in accordance with Section 16.3 of the Contract. \n \n - 130 - \n Memorandum of Understanding #2006-05 (revised May 2008) \nCity/AFSCME \n311 Service Center Page Two \n \n \n3. 311 Service Representatives II will be paid double time for time worked on the \nsecond consecutive day off provided the employees have accumulated forty (40) straight time rate hours in paid status during the workweek in accordance with Section 16.3 of the Contract; Sunday shall be deemed the second consecutive day off when working the Monday through Friday schedule and Monday shall be deemed \nthe second consecutive day off when working the Tuesday through Saturday \nschedule. \n \nHoliday Pay\n \n \nThe provisions contained in Article 17 of the Contract shall govern the eligibility and usage of holiday pay for those covered herein, unless specifically changed hereunder. 311 Service Representatives I and II working a schedule of Tuesday through Saturday shall celebrate a holiday that falls on their first regularly scheduled day off on the last previous \nworkday, Saturday. If the holiday falls on the second regularly scheduled day off, the holiday \nshall be celebrated on the first scheduled work day (Tuesday). At the time of a shift change which necessitates three (3) consecutive days off for 311 Service Representatives II, a holiday which falls on either the second or third day off shall be celebrated on the next subsequent work \nday, Tuesday. \n \n \nNon-Participants\n \n \nEmployees in the 311 Service Center working another schedule currently shall retain that schedule until a vacancy exists, at which time they may choose to bid on that vacancy in \naccordance with Article 13 of the Contract. \n \n - 131 -Memorandum of Understanding #2006-05 (revised May 2008) \nCity/AFSCME 311 Service Center \nPage Three \n \nDuration\n \n \nThis MOU may be terminated by either party givi ng to the other party thirty (30) days prior \nwritten notice of termination, but the duration shall be no longer than March 31, 2011. \nFOR THE CITY: FOR THE UNION: \n \n__________________________ __________________________ Chester C. Christie, Director R. Sean Grayson Department of Human Resources General Counsel \n AFSCME, Ohio Council 8 \n \n__________________________ __________________________ D a t e D a t e \n__________________________ __________________________ \n \n - 132 - \n \n \nMEMORANDUM OF UNDERSTAND ING #2005-09 (revised May 2008) \n \nBETWEEN AFSCME LOCAL 1632 AND THE CITY OF COLUMBUS \n \nREGARDING ONE STOP SHOP PARTICIPATING DEPARTMENTS \n(DEVELOPMENT, PUBLIC SERVICE AND PUBLIC UTILITIES) \n \nThe City of Columbus Engineering Plans Review Section (hereinafter referred to as One Stop Shop) participating Departments and AFSCME Local 1632 hereby agree that the following provisions shall be enacted for employees co-loc ating to the Carolyn Avenue facility. Unless \nspecifically amended by this Memorandum of Understanding (hereinafter referred to as MOU), all wages, hours and other terms and conditions of employment shall be administered in accordance with the Collective Bargaining Contract (hereinafter referred to as Contract). \n 1. Employees of the Department of Pub lic Service and the Department of Public \nUtilities who are a part of the One Stop Shop of the Department of Development, \nBuilding Services Division, shall report to 757 Carolyn Avenue. \n 2. Employees of the Department of Pub lic Service and the Department of Public \nUtilities who are a part of the One Stop Shop of the Department of Development, \nBuilding Services Division, shall have a workday that consists of either (8) hours \nof work, plus an unpaid lunch period scheduled near the middle of an employee’s shift. The normal workday for employees assigned to the One Stop Shop is 8:00 a.m. – 5:00 p.m., Monday through Friday. \n \n 3. Employees of the Department of Pub lic Service and the Department of Public \nUtilities who are a part of the One Stop Shop will remain on their home \nDepartment’s payroll and operate under the same time and attendance \nrequirements of the employee’s home department. \n \n4. Employees of the Department of Pub lic Service and the Department of Public \nUtilities who are a part of the One Stop Shop will forward requests for vacation \nleave, compensatory leave, personal bus iness day, birthday holiday and sick \nleave to the Chief Plans Official for recommended approval. Leave request forms and all supporting documentation will be forwarded to the respective home Department for final approval and payroll processing. \n 5. A recommendation that overtime work is needed will be made by the Chief Plans \nOfficial to the respective Department giving sufficient notice. Overtime shall only be performed if authorized by the respective Department in accordance with Article 16 of the Contract. \n - 133 -Memorandum of Understanding #2005-09 (revised May 2008) \nOne Stop Shop \nPage Two \n \n \n6. Employees of the Department of Pub lic Service and the Department of Public \nUtilities who are a part of the One Stop Shop will be evaluated annually by their \nhome Department, in cooperation with the Chief Plans Official, consistent with the procedures outlined in the City of Co lumbus Performance Appraisal System. \n 7. When appropriate, a recommendation for discipline will be forwarded to the home \nDepartment’s Appointing Authority for review and final determination. The Chief Plans Official, in cooperation with the employee’s home Department Human \nResources designee, will conduct the investigation into the alleged work rule \nviolation(s). The recommendation packet shall include all \ninformation/documentation disclosed durin g the investigation. Employee \nrepresentation will be from the home Department’s Chief Steward. All applicable \ntimelines will be enforced in accordance with Article 10 of the Contract. \n \nDuration\n \n \nThis MOU may be terminated by either party givi ng to the other party thirty (30) days prior \nwritten notice of termination, but the duration shall be no longer than March 31, 2011. \n \nFOR THE CITY: FOR AFSCME LOCAL 1632: \n ___________________________________ ___________________________________ Chester C. Christie Date R. Sean Grayson Date \nDirector of Human Resources General Counsel, Ohio Council 8 \n \n___________________________________ ___________________________________ \nBoyce Safford III Date Douglas C. Moore Date \nDirector of Development President \n \n___________________________________ \nMark Kelsey Date \nDirector of Public Service ___________________________________ \nTatyana Arsh, P.E. Date \nDirector of Public Utilities \n - 134 -MEMORANDUM OF UNDERSTAND ING #2005-07 (revised May 2008) \n \nBETWEEN \n AFSCME, OHIO COUNCIL 8, LOCAL 1632 \nAND THE CITY OF COLUMBUS \n \nPUBLIC SERVICE DEPARTMENT \nTRANSPORTATION DIVISION, STREET MAINTENANCE OPERATIONS SECTION \n \n \nPursuant to the provisions of Article 16, Sect ion 16.4 of the Collective Bargaining Agreement \nbetween the parties, the Agreement is hereby modi fied for employees in the classifications of \nEquipment Operator I, Equipment Operator II and Laborer for the duration of the designated winter season only (December through April) as detailed below. Unless specifically amended \nby this Memorandum of Understanding (MOU), all wages, hours, and other terms and conditions of employment shall be administered in accordance with the Collective Bargaining Agreement. \nOvertime Equalization List for Winter Season Assignments\n \n \n1. The overtime equalization list for Equipment Operator I, Equipment Operator II and \nLaborer at each Street Maintenance reporting location shall be frozen at the beginning of the Winter Season. \n 2. A “special” winter overtime equalization li st shall be created for Equipment Operator I, \nEquipment Operator II, and Laborer at each Street Maintenance reporting location. The “special” winter overtime equalization list is to be used for the duration of the winter season assignments only, December through April. The “special” winter overtime equalization list shall begin with zero (0) hours and be created by offering overtime to the \nmost senior employee for the first overtime opportunity. Thereafter, the next most senior \nemployee shall be assigned the next overti me opportunity until all employees have \nworked an overtime assignment. \n \n3. At the end of the designated Winter Season, when employees are returned to their pre-\nwinter season reporting locations, the frozen overtime list shall be reactivated. The overtime hours accumulated on the “special” winter overtime equalization list during the \nwinter season shall not be transferred to the frozen list but shall be void. At the \nbeginning of each Winter Season, a “special” winter overtime equalization list shall be created as detailed above. \n - 135 -MOU #2005-07 (revised May 2008) \nPUBLIC SERVICE DEPARTMENT/AFSCME \nPage 2 \n \n \nDURATION \n \nThis MOU may be terminated by either party givi ng to the other party thirty (30) days prior \nwritten notice of termination, however the duration shall not extend beyond March 31, 2011. \n \n \nFOR THE CITY: FOR AFSCME LOCAL 1632: \n \n_________________________ ________________________ Chester C. Christie, Director R. Sean Grayson Department of Human Resources General Counsel \n AFSCME, Ohio Council 8 \n __________________________ __________________________ D a t e D a t e \n \n___________________________ _________________________ Mark Kelsey, Director Douglas C. Moore, President Department of Public Service AFSCME Local 1632 \n____________________________ _________________________ \nD a t e D a t e \n - 136 -MEMORANDUM OF UNDERSTAND ING #2005-01 (revised May 2008) \n \nBETWEEN OHIO COUNCIL 8, AFSCME, LOCAL 1632 \nAND \nCITY OF COLUMBUS \nPUBLIC SERVICE DEPARTMENT \nTRANSPORTATION DIVISION \nCONSTRUCTION SERVICES – 1800 E. 17TH AVE. \n \nRegarding Overtime \n \n \nThe City of Columbus, Public Service Departmen t, Transportation Division and Ohio Council 8, \nAFSCME Local 1632, hereby agree to the following provisions being enacted for the employees \nof the 1800 E. 17th Avenue location. Unless specific ally amended by this Memorandum of \nUnderstanding (MOU) all wages, hours, terms and conditions of employment shall be \nadministered in accordance with the AFSCME Collective Bargaining Agreement (hereinafter referred to as the Contract). \n \nAFFECTED CLASSIFICATIONS: Construction Inspector I and II \n Engineering Aide I and II \n Engineering Associate I and II \n \nADMINISTRATION: \nIn order to maintain job continuity and data integrity required by the customers, employees in \nclassifications covered by this MOU and currently assigned to a project will be given first opportunity to work the overtime resulting from that project, including weekends and holidays. The assigned employees shall possess the required certifications, technical training or special \nknowledge required for the type of work being performed. \n If the employee assigned is unable to work the overtime, the overtime eligibility list for voluntary overtime shall be used. It is the responsibility of the employees covered by this MOU and desiring to work overtime on \nweekends and holidays, to contact the Location Office (645-3182) no later than 2:00 P.M. each Friday, or by 2:00 P.M. on the last work day prior to a holiday. An overtime eligibility list shall be compiled, updated each pay period, posted, and used for call in purposes by supervisors based upon the names of those overtime-eligible employees calling \nin as described above. On the following business day after any overtime has been distributed \nfrom the overtime list, the supervisor shall report those individuals who where called and \ndesignate hours offered to those individuals to be charged. \n \n \n - 137 -MOU #2005-01 (revised May 2008) \nCity/AFSCME \nConstruction Services - Overtime \nPage Two \n \n \nPer Article 16.4(C), a record of the overtime hours worked and overtime hours offered shall be kept and updated each time overtime is offered and charged. Employees shall be called from the ov ertime list in the following order: \n 1. Construction Inspector I (FTR) 2. Construction Inspector I (FTL) \n3. Construction Inspector I (FTR-Testing) \n4. Construction Inspector I (FTL-Testing) \n5. Construction Inspector II \n6. Civil Engineering Associate I \n7. Civil Engineering Associate II \n8. Civil Engineering Aide I \n9. Civil Engineering Aide II \nThe Testing and Survey Section’s overtime shall be accounted for separately on the overtime \nlist due to the nature of its work and will have primary eligibility for all overtime which becomes available within its section. All other overtime at the location will be distributed according to the order detailed above. During the hours of 2:00 p.m. to 5:00 p.m. on Friday and continuing at 6:30 a.m. to 8:00 a.m. on \nthe weekend or holiday to be worked, supervisors from the location will be calling employees \nfrom the compiled overtime eligibility list. Overtime shall be offered to the employee with the fewest number of total overtime hours worked and offered to his/her credit at that time. If the employee does not accept the assignment, the employee with the next fewest hours shall be \noffered the assignment. This procedure shall be followed until the required numbers of \nemployees have been selected for the overtime work available. \n If an employee turns down the overtime offered, or is unable to respond when contacted, the number of hours offered shall be credited to his/her overtime hours. Employees who do not call \nin by 2:00 p.m. to participate in the voluntary overtime shall be automatically credited with the \nhighest number of overtime hours worked on the day in question if they would have been called, \nhad they signed up. \n \nThe supervisor placing the call will let the phone ring 10 times. If, after 10 rings, there is no \nanswer, the supervisor will hang up and proceed to the next eligible employee. \n \nIf the phone rings busy, the supervisor will call back after five (5) minutes. There will be no \nfurther calls after the first call back. If the employee has an answering machine or voice mail service, the supervisor will state the nature and time of the call. The employee has 10 minutes from the stated time to notify the \nsupervisor he/she accepts or refuses the offered overtime. \n \n - 138 -MOU #2005-01 (revised May 2008) \nCity/AFSCME \nConstruction Services - Overtime \nPage Three \n \nOVERTIME REASSIGNMENT: \nIn order to maintain the integrity of this MOU, meetings will be held at the request of the \nManagement and/or the Union, between the Section Managers and Union representative to \ndetermine whether reassignment of covered personnel may be necessary. \n \nFULL-TIME LIMITED EMPLOYEES: \nFull Time Limited employees are eligible for their assigned project overtime, including weekends and holidays. \n \nOVERTIME RECORD SLIPS: \n \nCompletion of the Pay Period Overtime Record by the supervisor will be required under this \nMOU. This record will be used to document daily overtime hours offered/worked to each \nemployee. \n \nMANDATORY OVERTIME: \n \nRefer to Section 16.5 (B) of the AFSCME Collective Bargaining Contract for requirements on distribution of mandatory overtime. \n \nDURATION: \nThis MOU may be terminated by either party givi ng to the other party thirty (30) days prior \nwritten notice of termination, however the duration shall not extend beyond March 31, 2011. \n \n FOR THE CITY: FOR THE UNION: \n \n____________________________ __________________________ \nChester C. Christie R. Sean Grayson \nHuman Resources Director General Counsel, Ohio Council 8 \n \n____________________________ ___________________________ D a t e D a t e \n \n____________________________ ___________________________ Mark Kelsey, Director Douglas C. Moore, President Public Service Department AFSCME Local 1632 \n \n____________________________ ___________________________ \nD a t e D a t e \n - 139 - \n \n \n \nMEMORANDUM OF UNDERSTAND ING #2004-06 (revised May 2008) \n \nBETWEEN THE CITY OF COLUMBUS \nDEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC SAFETY, DIVISION OF FIRE \nAND AFSCME, OHIO COUNCIL 8, LOCAL 1632 \n \nRegarding Work Schedule for EMS Instructor\n \n \n \nThe City of Columbus and AFSCME, Ohio Council 8, Local 1632 hereby agree that the following \nprovisions shall be enacted for employees cla ssified as EMS Instructor working in the \nDepartment of Public Safety, Division of Fire. Unless specifically amended by this Memorandum \nof Understanding (hereinafter referred to as MOU), all wages, hours, and other terms and \nconditions of employment shall be administered in accordance with the Collective Bargaining Contract (hereinafter referred to as Contract). \n \n \nHours of Work\n \n Said employees shall work forty (40) hours within a five (5) day period. \n \nOvertime/Compensatory Time Eligibility\n \n \n(A) Time and one-half will be paid for hours in excess of forty (40) straight-time hours \nin paid status during said employee’s workweek in accordance with Article 16. \n \n(B) Time and one half will be paid for time worked on an employee’s first regularly scheduled day off, providing that said employee has accumulated forty (40) straight-time rate hours in paid status during said workweek in accordance with Article 16. \n \n(C) For the purposes of this MOU, Sunday shall be considered the second \nconsecutive day off for which double-time will be paid for any employee who, on \nthat day, is in an overtime situati on, providing that said employee had \naccumulated forty (40) straight-time rate hours in paid status in accordance with Article 16. \n \n(D) There is no shift-to-shift calculation of daily overtime. \n \n - 140 - \nMemorandum of Understanding #2004-06 (revised May 2008) City/AFSCME Local 1632 \nPage Two \n \nDuration\n \n \nThis Memorandum of Understanding remains in full force and effect until March 31, 2011, \nunless either party gives written notice to the other party of its intent to terminate this MOU at \nleast thirty (30) days prior to its expiration date or any anniversary thereof. \nFOR THE CITY: FOR THE UNION: \n \n \n____________________________ _______________________________ \nChester C. Christie, Director R. Sean Grayson \nDepartment of Human Resources General Counsel \n Ohio Council 8 ____________________________ ________________________________ D a t e D a t e \n \n _____________________________ ________________________________ Mitchell J. Brown, Director Douglas C. Moore, President \nDepartment of Public Safety AFSCME Local 1632 \n _____________________________ ________________________________ D a t e D a t e \n \n \n \n \n \n \n - 141 -MEMORANDUM OF UNDERSTAND ING #2004-03 (revised May 2008) \nBETWEEN \nTHE CITY OF COLUMBUS AND AFSCME LOCAL 1632 \n \nPUBLIC SERVICE DEPARTMENT \nTRANSPORTATION DIVISION \nSTREET MAINTENANCE OPERATIONS SECTION \n \n4-10 HOUR DAYS WORK SCHEDULE FOR \nTHIRD SHIFT PERSONNEL, CENTRAL OUTPOST, 650 NATIONWIDE BLVD. \n \n \nThe City of Columbus and AFSCME, Ohio Council 8, Local 1632 hereby agree this \nMemorandum of Understanding shall apply to all 3rd shift employees classified as Equipment \nOperator I, Equipment Operator II, and Laborer in the Street Maintenance Section. This proposal does not apply to winter staffing (December to April). To allow for fair evaluation, the suggested pilot program is recommended for one complete normal staffing season (2004) with the ability to terminate the program with a 30-day advance notice to the Union. Unless specifically amended by this MOU, all wages, hours, and other terms and conditions of \nemployment shall be administered in accordance with the Collective Bargaining Contract. \n \nWORK SCHEDULES\n \n \nSUN MON TUE WED THR FRI SAT \n \n on on on on off off off \n \n \nHOURS OF WORK \n \n1. The normal workweek shall be Sunday through Saturday and consist of four (4) \nworkdays of ten hours per day and three (3) consecutive days off. \n 2. The hours of work will be from 8:30 p.m. to 7:00 a.m., ten (10) work hours plus a thirty \n(30) minute unpaid lunch. \n \nVACATION LEAVE\n \n Vacation leave entitlement and usage shall be administered in accordance with the provisions of \nArticle 19 of the Contract. \n - 142 -MOU #2004-03 (revised May 2008) \n4-10 HOUR DAYS WORK SCHEDULE \nFOR 3RD SHIFT PERSONNEL \n1850 EAST 25TH AVENUE MAINTENANCE YARD \nPage Two \n \n \nAny employee who requests and is granted a vacation day off for any day on which he/she is scheduled to work a ten (10) hour shift shall be charged ten (10) hours of vacation pay for said day off. For vacation leaves of less than one (1) full workday, an employee shall be charged in \nincrements of one-tenth (1/10) hour for all time off during any ten (10) hour shift. \n To ensure adequate shift coverage, the Street Maintenance Manager/Street Maintenance Assistant Manager shall determine the number of employees on scheduled vacation on each shift at any one time. \n \nCOMPENSATORY TIME\n \n \nAn employee who requests and is granted compensatory time off for a day on which he/she is \nscheduled to work a ten (10) hour shift shall be charged ten (10) hours of compensatory time for \nsaid day off. For compensatory time of less than one (1) full work day, an employee shall be \ncharged in increments of not less than one-tenth (1/10) hour for all time on compensatory time during any ten (10) hour shift. \nPERSONAL BUSINESS DAY\n \n \nPersonal business day entitlement and usage shall be administered in accordance with the \nprovisions of Article 18 of the Contract. Employees will be required to supplement two (2) hours of vacation leave or compensatory time in order to be paid for a ten (10) hour workday. \nSICK LEAVE ENTITLEMENT AND USAGE\n \n \nSick leave entitlement and usage shall be administered in accordance with the provisions of \nArticle 20 of the Contract. For each ten (10) hours of regularly scheduled work from which an employee is absent due to illness, sick leave with pay shall be used at the rate of ten (10) hours. For sick leave of less than one (1) full work day, an employee shall be charged in increments of not less than one-tenth (1/10) hour for all time on sick leave during any ten (10) hour shift. \n \nDISABILITY LEAVE\n \n \nAll full-time non-seasonal employees working ten (10) hour shifts shall be eligible to participate \nin the City’s disability leave program as provi ded in Article 21 of the Contract provided, however, \nthat any ten (10) hour employee deemed to be on said disability leave program shall receive \n81% of said employee’s gross wage, less applicable taxes, under the following formula: The employee’s gross wages shall be computed on a forty (40) hour workweek for each full week in which an employee is off work. \n \n - 143 - \nMOU #2004-03 (revised May 2008) \n4-10 HOUR DAYS WORK SCHEDULE \nFOR 3RD SHIFT PERSONNEL \n1850 EAST 25TH AVENUE MAINTENANCE YARD \nPage Three \n \n \nINJURY LEAVE \n \nAny employee, who is working a ten (10) hour shift and is off work as a result of a job-related \ninjury, shall be assigned to the first shift, Monday through Friday, for the duration of his/her injury leave. \nOVERTIME ELIGIBILITY AND PAY\n \n The provisions contained in Article 16.3 of the C ontract shall govern the eligibility for overtime \npay. \n1. Employees working a ten (10) hour workday shall be eligible for daily overtime after \nactually working ten (10) hours in the workday. \n \n2. Double time will be paid for time worked on Saturday, provided the employee has \naccumulated forty (40) straight time rate hours in paid status during the workweek in accordance with Article 16.3 of the Contract. \n \n \nHOLIDAY AND PAY SCHEDULE\n \n \nThe provisions contained in Article 17 of the Contract shall govern the eligibility and usage of \nholiday pay for those covered herein, unless specifically changed hereunder. \n Any employee who does not work a day on which a holiday is celebrated shall be paid ten (10) hours of straight-time hourly pay for said holiday. Any employee who is working a ten (10) hour shift and who works a day celebrated as a holiday \nshall be paid at the rate of time and one-half (1-1/2) for all hours worked, in addition to the \nholiday pay (which shall be paid at the straight -time hourly rate), unless the holiday falls on a \ndouble-time day in which case he/she shall be compensated at the double-time rate in addition to his/her holiday pay in accordance with Article 16 and 17 of the Contract. \n1. When the holiday falls on Monday, the holiday will be celebrated on the first regularly \nscheduled workday (Sunday). \n - 144 - \n \nMOU #2004-03 (revised May 2008) \n4-10 HOUR DAYS WORK SCHEDULE \nFOR 3RD SHIFT PERSONNEL \n1850 EAST 25TH AVENUE MAINTENANCE YARD \nPage Four \n \n 2. When the holiday falls on the first or second day off, the holiday will be celebrated on the \nlast previous workday (Wednesday). \n 3. When the holiday falls on the third day off, the holiday will be celebrated on the following \nday (Sunday). \n \n \nDURATION\n \n \nThe City of Columbus will periodically review this experimental schedule and both parties agree \nthat this MOU may be terminated by either party giving to the other party thirty (30) days prior \nwritten notice of termination, but the duration shall be no longer than March 31, 2011. \n \n \nFOR THE CITY: FOR AFSCME: \n \n \n \n________________________________ ________________________________ \nChester C. Christie, Director R. Sean Grayson \nDepartment of Human Resources General Counsel \n AFSCME, Ohio Council 8 \n \n________________________________ ________________________________ D a t e D a t e \n________________________________ _______________________________ \nMark Kelsey, Director Douglas C. Moore, President Department of Public Service AFSCME Local 1632 ________________________________ _______________________________ \nD a t e D a t e \n \n \n - 145 -MEMORANDUM OF UNDERSTAND ING #2003-03 (revised May 2008) \nBETWEEN \nTHE CITY OF COLUMBUS AND AFSCME LOCAL 1632 \nDEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC SERVICE \nPARKING VIOLATIONS BUREAU \n \nRegarding Cashier I & II Work Schedule \n \n \nThe City of Columbus and AFSCME, Ohio Council 8, Local 1632, hereby agree that the \nfollowing provisions shall be enacted for employees working in the cashier area of the Parking Violations Bureau, working as Cashier I’s and II’s. Unless specifically amended by this Memorandum of Understanding (hereinafter referred to as MOU), all wages, hours and other terms and conditions of employment shall be administered in accordance with the Collective \nBargaining Contract (hereinafter referred to as Contract). \n \nHOURS OF WORK\n \n \nThe normal workweek shall consist of four (4) days of ten (10) hours per day. This schedule \nshall be worked Monday through Saturday. Hour s of work and days off will be determined by \nseniority. The starting times begin at 9:00 A.M. and conclude at 8:00 P.M., Monday through \nFriday and 8:00 A.M. to 7:00 P.M. on Saturdays. \nEXCEPTION\n \nOne (1) Cashier II (the most senior) and two (2) Cashier I’s (the most senior) will \nbe grandfathered under different schedules. The Cashier II will continue to work five (5) eight (8) hour days, Monday through Friday. The Cashier I’s will work 7:00am to 6:00pm. Managem ent reserves the right to alter \nthe top three (3) abovementioned positions in the event that the incumbents separate from those positions. \n \nHOLIDAY PAY\n \n \nA. The provisions contained in Article 17, Holidays, of the Contract shall govern the \neligibility and usage of holiday pay for those employees covered herein, unless \nspecifically changed hereunder. \n \nB. Any employee who does not work a day on which a holiday is celebrated shall be paid \nfor the hours that would normally be worked on that scheduled day at his/her regular \nstraight-time hourly rate of pay for said holiday. \n \nC. Any employee who works on a day that is celebrated as a holiday, shall be paid at the \nrate of time and one-half (1-1/2) for all hours worked in addition to his/her regular straight \ntime hourly pay for the holiday. \n - 146 -MOU #2003-03 (revised May 2008) \nCity/AFSCME \nWork Schedule \nPage 2 \n \n \n D. In accordance with the provisions of Article 17, if the holiday falls on the first or second \nregularly scheduled day off (RDO), the holiday will be celebrated on the previous workday. If the holiday falls on the third day off it will be celebrated on the following \nworkday. Cashier II (Position B) and Cashier I (Position G) will rotate days observed as \nholidays. These rotating days off will be Saturday prior to the holiday and Wednesday following the holiday. \n \nOVERTIME ELIGIBILITY AND PAY\n \n \nA. Overtime eligibility and pay will be administered pursuant to Article 16 of the Contract. \n \nB. For purposes of this MOU, work performed on an employee’s second consecutive \nregular day off will be paid at the double-time rate, providing that the provisions of \nSection 16.3(C) of the Contract are met. \n C. When a need for overtime arises at the end of the shift, the supervisor will first\n contact \nthose employees who meet the following crit eria (regardless of whether the employee \nworks an eight (8) hour shift or ten (10) hour shift: \n \n1. Employees already working will be asked if they can stay over (based on seniority), \nand; \n 2. Employee(s) next on the overtime list. \n \nVACATION LEAVE\n \n \nA. An employee’s vacation leave accrual and/or usage shall be in accordance with the \nprovisions contained in Article 19 of the Contract. \n B. An employee who requests and is granted a vacation day off for a day on which he is \nscheduled to work a ten (10) hour shift shall be charged ten (10) hours of vacation for \nsaid day off. For vacation leave of less than one (1) full work day, an employee shall be \ncharged in increments of not less than one-tenth (1/10) hour for all time on vacation leave during any ten (10) hour shift. \n \nCOMPENSATORY TIME\n \n \nAn employee who requests and is granted compensatory time off for a day on which he/she is \nscheduled to work a ten (10) hour shift shall be charged ten (10) hours of compensatory time for said day off. For compensatory time of less than one (1) full work day, an employee shall be charged in increments of not less than one-tenth (1/10) hour for all time on compensatory time \nduring any ten (10) hour shift. \n - 147 -MOU #2003-03 (revised May 2008) \nCity/AFSCME \nWork Schedule \nPage 3 \n \n \n \nSICK LEAVE ENTITLEMENT AND USAGE \n A. Sick leave entitlement and usage shall be adm inistered for employees on ten (10) hour \nshifts in accordance with the provisions contained in Article 20 of the Contract. \n B. For each ten (10) hours of regularly scheduled work from which an employee is absent, \nsick leave with pay shall be used at the rate of ten (10) hours. For sick leave of less than one (1) full work day, an employee shall be charged in increments of not less than one-tenth (1/10) hour for all time on sick leave during any ten (10) hour shift. \n \nINJURY LEAVE\n \n \nAny employee who is working a ten (10) hour shift and is off work as a result of a job-related \ninjury, shall be assigned to the first shift, Monday through Friday, for the duration of his/her \ninjury leave. \n \nDISABILITY LEAVE PROCEDURES \n All full-time employees working ten (10) hour shifts shall be eligible to participate in the City’s disability leave program provided in Article 21 of the Contract, provided, however, that any ten \n(10) hour employee deemed to be on said disabilit y leave program shall receive a payment of \n81% of said employee’s gross wages under the following formula: \n \n1. The employee’s gross wages shall be computed on a forty (40) hour workweek \nfor each full week in which an employee is off work. \n \n2. The employee shall receive a payment of 81% of his/her gross wages based \nupon said forty (40) hour workweek for each full week in which an employee is off \nwork. \n \n 3. For any partial week in which an em ployee is on the disability leave program, \nsaid employee shall receive a payment of 81% of his/her gross wages, under the \nabove-noted formula, pro-rated to the number of hours said employee is off work \nduring his/her regularly scheduled work week. \n \nPERSONAL BUSINESS DAY\n \n \nPersonal business day entitlement and usage shall be administered in accordance with the \nprovisions of Article 18 of the Contract. Employees will be required to supplement two (2) hours of vacation leave or compensatory time in order to be paid for a ten (10) hour workday. \n \n \n - 148 -MOU #2003-03 (revised May 2008) \nCity/AFSCME Work Schedule \nPage 4 \n WORK SCHEDULE\n \n \nPosition Sunday Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday Double \nDay \nCashier II - A OFF 8a-5p 8a-5p 8a-5p 8a-5p 8a-5p OFF Sunday \nCashier II - B OFF OFF OFF 9a-8p 9a-8p 9a-8p 8a-7p Monday \nCashier II - C OFF 9a-8p 9a-8p 9a-8p 9a-8p OFF OFF Saturday\n \nCashier I - D OFF 7a-6p 7a-6p 7a-6p 7a-6p OFF OFF Saturday\nCashier I - E OFF 9a-8p 9a-8p 9a-8p 9a-8p OFF OFF Saturday\nCashier I - F OFF OFF 7a-6p 7a-6p 7a-6p 7a-6p OFF Monday \nCashier I - G OFF OFF OFF 9a-8p 9a-8p 9a-8p 7a-6p Monday \nCashier I - H OFF 9a-8p 9a-8p OFF OFF 9a-8p 8a-7p Thursday\nCashier I - I OFF 9a-8p 9a-8p OFF OFF 9a-8p 7a-6p Thursday\n \n - 149 -MOU #2003-03 (revised May 2008) \nCity/AFSCME \nWork Schedule \nPage 5 \n \n \nDURATION \n \nEither party, giving to the other party thirty ( 30) days prior written notice of termination, may \nterminate this MOU, but the duration shall be no longer than March 31, 2011. \n \n \nFOR THE CITY: FOR THE UNION: \n \n _______________________________ ____________________________________ \nChester C. Christie, Director R. Sean Grayson, General Counsel \nHuman Resources Department AFSCME, Ohio Council 8 \n_______________________________ ____________________________________ \nD a t e D a t e \n _______________________________ ____________________________________ Mark Kelsey, Director Doug Moore, President Public Service Department AFSCME Local 1632 \n \n _______________________________ ____________________________________ D a t e D a t e \n \n \n \n \n \n - 150 - \n \nMEMORANDUM OF UNDERSTAND ING #2003-02 (revised May 2008) \n \nBETWEEN \n \nTHE CITY OF COLUMBUS AND AFSCME LOCAL 1632 \n \nRegarding Western-Southern Life Payroll Deduction \n \nAFSCME, Local 1632 is desirous of providing a group life insurance program by payroll \ndeduction to its members and has requested that the City grant a payroll deduction slot for the voluntary deduction of monthly premiums from eligible bargaining members’ wages. The City \nhas agreed to provide AFSCME Local 1632 (hereinafter referred to as Local 1632) with a payroll \ndeduction slot to be used for such purpose as follows: \n \n1. The group life insurance, provided by Western Southern Financial Group, will be \nthe complete and sole responsibility of Local 1632 to process, administer and monitor. \n \n2. The City will provide Local 1632 access to a payroll deduction slot and will \nfacilitate enrollment by eligible bargaining unit members of Local 1632 and in individual City departments by agreeing to have payroll clerks process the payroll deduction authorization for the Local 1632 sponsored group life insurance. \n \n3. All monies deducted monthly for participation in the group life insurance program \nwill be forwarded to the Treasurer of Local 1632 in the aggregate amount by a warrant separate \nand apart from the warrant provided to the Comptroller of AFSCME, Ohio Council 8 as provided in Article 5 of the Collective Bargaining Contract currently in effect between the City and AFSCME, Ohio Council 8, Local 1632. All funds transmitted to Local 1632 pursuant to the \npayroll deduction authorization for the group life insurance program shall be the sole \nresponsibility of Local 1632 to administer and disperse. \n 4. Deductions under the terms of this MOU shall be made during one (1) pay period \neach month; if any participating bargaining unit member’s pay for the period is insufficient to cover the deduction for the plan after the withholding of all other legal and required deductions \n(including Union dues), the City will make a deduction from the pay earned during the next pay \nperiod. In the event a deduction is not made for any participating member during any particular \nmonth, the City, upon verification in writing from the President of Local 1632, will make the appropriate deduction in the following month. \n \n5. The deductions made under the terms of this MOU, accompanied by an \nalphabetical list of all participating bargaining unit members shall be transmitted to the Treasurer \nof Local 1632, no later than ten (10) days following the end of the pay period in which the deduction is made, if so approved by the City Auditor. \n 6. It shall be the sole and exclusive responsibility of Local 1632 to administer the \ngroup life insurance program, including solicitati on and distribution of information related to \nenrollment or participation in the plan. \n \n - 151 - \nMOU #2003-02 (revised May 2008) \nAFSCME/City of Columbus \nPage Two \n \n7. The City’s role will be solely clerical in nature, that is, to process the amount of \nthe payroll deduction for the Local 1632 sponsored group life insurance program and to transmit the monies deducted from payroll to Local 1632. \n 8. Only Local 1632 bargaining unit me mbers who have properly executed and \nvalidated dues deduction authorization cards on file with their payroll clerk or the Central Payroll section of the City Auditor’s Office shall be eligible to execute payroll deduction authorization \ncards for the sponsored group life insurance program. \n 9. Any eligible bargaining unit member of Local 1632 wishing to participate in the \npayroll deduction of premiums for the Local 1632 sponsored group life insurance program shall be required to execute the required payroll deduction authorization card. \n \n10. An annual enrollment period during the month of February each year is hereby \nestablished, during which interested eligible bargaining unit members may sign a payroll \ndeduction card for the plan. Payroll deduction authorization cards received by the City on or after March 1 of each year shall be deemed invalid. In any event, the City shall not be obligated in any way to honor the payroll deduction authorization cards for the Local 1632 sponsored life insurance program until such time as Local 1632 presents to the City a minimum of 50 properly \nexecuted payroll deduction authorization cards in a timely manner evidencing the desire of at \nleast 50 eligible bargaining unit members to participate in the payroll deduction program for the \nLocal 1632 sponsored group life insurance program. \n 11. The City shall continue to make the appropriate monthly deduction from the pay \nof a participating bargaining unit member until such time as the City receives a written revocation of the authorization for payroll deduction during the month of February by the \nparticipating member. To be valid and effective a written revocation must be signed, submitted \nand received by the City during the month of February in each year. \n \n12. In the event less than 50 eligible members of the bargaining unit participated in \nthe program at any time, the City’s obligation to withhold shall automatically terminate and the \nOffice of the City Auditor shall inform Local 1632 of the termination of this deduction. In such event, it shall be the sole responsibility of Local 1632 to notify participating bargaining unit members of the termination of the payroll deduction. \n \n13. No solicitation or enrollment activity shall take place during working hours or on City \nproperty. \n \n14. Local 1632 agrees that they will indemni fy and hold the City harmless from any \nclaims, actions, or proceedings commenced by any person or employee(s) again the City arising out of the terms of this MOU or its implementation. \n 15. This MOU contains the entire agreement of the parties. \n - 152 - \nMOU #2003-02 (revised May 2008) \nAFSCME/City of Columbus \nPage Three \n \n16. This MOU may be terminated by either party giving to the other thirty (30) days \nprior written notice, but the duration shall be no longer than March 31, 2011. \n. \n \n \nFOR THE CITY: FOR THE UNION: \n ________________________________ ________________________________ \nChester C. Christie R. Sean Grayson \nHuman Resources Director General Counsel \n Ohio Council 8 \n ________________________________ ________________________________ \nD a t e D a t e \n \n ________________________________ \n Douglas C. Moore, President AFSCME Local 1632 \n \n________________________________ \n D a t e \n \n - 153 -MEMORANDUM OF UNDERSTANDING #2002-01 (Replaces MOU #1999-01) \n(revised May 2008) \nBETWEEN AFSCME LOCAL 1632 \nAND THE CITY OF COLUMBUS \nDEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC UTILITIES \nDIVISION OF POWER AND WATER (WATER) \nCUSTOMER SERVICE CENTER \n \n \nThe City of Columbus and AFSCME, Ohio Council 8, Local 1632 hereby agree to the following \nprovisions being enacted for the employees of t he Department of Public Utilities, Division of \nPower and Water (Water), Customer Service Center. Unless specifically amended by this \nMemorandum of Understanding (hereinafter referred to as MOU), all wages, hours and terms \nand conditions of employment shall be admini stered in accordance with the Collective \nBargaining Contract (hereinafter referred to as the Contract). \n \nHOURS OF WORK \n \n(A) The normal workweek shall consist of four (4) ten (10) hour days that shall be worked \nMonday through Friday. \n \n (1) Shift A shall be 7:00 a.m. to 5:30 p.m. with Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday or Friday off. The shift will include an unpaid \n ½ hour for lunch. \n (2) Shift B shall be 7:30 a.m. to 6:00 p.m. with Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday or Friday off. The shift will include an unpaid ½ hour for lunch. \n \n (3) Shift C shall be 7:00 a.m. to 6:00 p.m. with Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday or Friday off. The shift will include an unpaid one (1) hour for lunch. (B) Core work hours of office employees partici pating in flex time remain 9:00 a.m. to 4:00 \np.m. This means that an office employee’s working hours may begin no later than 9:00 a.m. and end no earlier than 4:00 p.m. \n HOLIDAY PAY\n \n \n(A) The provisions contained in Article 17 of the Contract shall govern the eligibility and \nusage of holiday pay for those employees co vered herein, unless specifically changed \nhereunder. \n \n(B) Any employee who does not work a day on which a holiday is celebrated shall be paid \nten (10) hours of straight time pay for the said holiday. \n (C) Any employee who is working a ten (10) hour shift and who works on a day on which a \nholiday is celebrated, shall be paid at the rate of time and one-half (1 ½ ) for all hours worked, in addition to his/her ten (10) hours of straight time pay for the holiday. \n \n - 154 -MOU #2002 –01 (revised May 2008) \nCity/AFSCME \nDivision of Power and Water (Water) \nPage 2 \n \n (D) When the holiday falls on the first day of an employee’s regularly schedule day off, it \nshall be celebrated on the previous day: w hen a holiday falls on the second day of an \nemployee’s regularly scheduled day off, it shall be celebrated on the following day, \nexcept that at the time of a shift change which necessitates more than a two (2) day weekend, a holiday which falls on either the first two days shall be celebrated on the last \nprevious workday, and a holiday which falls on any other day of such weekend shall be \ncelebrated on the next subsequent workday. \n \nDISABILITY LEAVE PROCEDURES\n \n \nAll employees working ten (10) hour days shall be el igible to participate in the City’s disability \nleave program as provided in Article 21 of the Contract, provided however, that a ten (10) hour \nemployee on approved disability leave shall receive 81% of his/her gross wage under the \nfollowing formula: \n(1) The employee’s gross wage shall be computed on a forty (40) hour workweek for \neach full week in which an employee is off work. \n \n(2) The employee shall receive 81% of his/her gross wage based upon said forty \n(40) hour workweek for each full week the employee is off work. \n \n(3) For any partial week in which an em ployee is on the disability program, the \nemployee shall receive 81% of his/her gross wage, under the above noted formula prorated to the number of hours t he employee is off work due to disability \nduring his/her regularly scheduled workweek. \n \nVACATION LEAVE\n \n Any employee who requests and is granted a vacation day off for any day on which he/she is scheduled to work a ten (10) hour shift shall be charged ten (10) hours of vacation leave for said day off. For vacation leaves of less than one (1) full workday, an employee shall be charged in increments of one-tenth (1/10) hour for all time off during any shift. \n \nThe number of employees allowed on scheduled vacation at any one time shall be determined \nby the section manager. This is to ensure adequate coverage during the various shifts. \nVacations shall be bid by seniority by December 10\nth of the previous year. \n \nPERSONAL BUSINESS DAY \n \nPersonal business day entitlement and usage shall be administered in accordance with the \nprovisions of Article 18 of the Contract. Employees will be required to supplement two (2) hours of vacation leave or compensatory time in order to be paid for a ten (10) hour workday. \n - 155 -MOU #2002-01 (revised May 2008) \nCity/AFSCME \nDivision of Power and Water (Water) \nPage 3 \n \n \nSICK LEAVE \n \n(A) Sick leave entitlement and usage shall be administered in accordance with the \n provisions of Article 20 of the Contract with the following modifications: \n \n(B) For each ten (10) hours of regular work from which an employee is absent, sick leave \nshall be used at the rate of ten (10) hours. For sick leave of less than one (1) full \nworkday, an employee shall be charged in increments of not less than one-tenth (1/10) hour for all time on sick leave during any shift. \n \nOVERTIME ELIGIBILITY AND PAY\n \n (A) Overtime eligibility and pay shall be admin istered as provided in Article 16 of the \nContract. \n \n(B) For purposes of this MOU, Sunday shall be considered the double time day for all \nemployees. \n \nINJURY LEAVE\n \n Any employee, who is working a ten (10) hour shift and is off work as a result of a job-related injury, shall be assigned to the first shift, Monday through Friday, for the duration of his/her \ninjury leave. \n \nCOMPENSATORY TIME\n \n \nAn employee who requests and is granted compensatory time off for a day on which he/she is \nscheduled to work a ten (10) hour shift shall be charged ten (10) hours of compensatory time for said day off. For compensatory time of less than one (1) full work day, an employee shall be charged in increments of not less than one-tenth (1/10) hour for all time on compensatory time during any ten (10) hour shift. \n \nNON-PARTICIPANTS\n \n \nAny employee not wishing to participated in the four (4) day ten (10) hour per day work schedule, shall continue to work a traditional eight (8) hour per day schedule five (5) days per \nweek, Monday through Friday, with starting and quitti ng times as are currently in effect at the \ntime of signature by the parties of this MOU. \n - 156 -MOU #2002 –01 (revised May 2008) \nCity/AFSCME \nDivision of Power and Water (Water) \nPage 4 \n \n \nDURATION \n \nThis MOU may be terminated by either party givi ng to the other party thirty (30) days prior \nwritten notice of termination, but the duration shall be no longer than March 31, 2011. \n \nFOR THE CITY: FOR AFSCME: \n \n \n_________________________ ___________________________ Chester C. Christie R. Sean Grayson \nDirector of Human Resources General Counsel \n AFSCME, Ohio Council 8 _________________________ ___________________________ \nD a t e D a t e \n \n_________________________ ___________________________ Tatyana Arsh, P.E., Director Douglas C. Moore, President Department of Public Utilities AFSCME Local 1632 \n_________________________ ___________________________ \nD a t e D a t e \n - 157 - \nMEMORANDUM OF UNDERSTANDING #2001- 09 (revised May 2008) \nCITY OF COLUMBUS AND AFSCME, OHIO COUNCIL 8, LOCAL 1632 \nRECREATION AND PARKS DEPARTMENT \nPERMITS SECTION \n The City of Columbus and AFSCME, Ohio Council 8, Local 1632 hereby agree that this Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) shall apply to part-time employees in the Permits \nSection in the classifications of Laborer, Recreation Program Assistant, Recreation Service \nRepresentative, and Recreation and Parks Aide. Unless specifically provided for in this MOU, \nall wages, hours and other terms and conditions of employment shall be administered in \naccordance with the terms and provisions of the current collective bargaining contract between the parties. \n \nHours of Work\n \n \nPart-time employees, defined as those employees regularly assigned to work twenty (20) hours or more per week, who are in the above classifications and assigned to the Permits Section, \nmay voluntarily participate in this alternative work schedule. If part-time employees elect to \nparticipate, they may be scheduled to work for more than eight (8) hours in a workday, and will be paid at the straight time rate for all hours worked. If they elect to participate, they will not be eligible for daily overtime. Part-time employees ordinarily will not exceed thirty-two (32) hours in a workweek. If a part-\ntime employee works forty (40) hours in a workweek, the daily overtime provisions of the current \nAFSCME collective bargaining contract shall apply. \n \nManagement will assign and schedule the part-time employees participating in this alternative work schedule based on the operational needs of the Recreation and Parks Department, and \nthe availability of the employees to work. To t he extent that it is possible to do so, management \nwill distribute the available work hours fairly and equitably. \n Employees are not required to participate in this alternative work schedule, and will not be penalized for electing not to participate. Management reaffirms its right not to schedule employees who do not participate in the alternative schedule for more than eight (8) hours in a \nworkday. \n \nProcedure\n \n Part-time employees electing to participate in this alternative work schedule must communicate \nthat to management in writing as soon as possi ble. Employees may use the attached form \n \n \n - 158 -Memorandum of Understanding #2001-09 (revised May 2008) \nCity/AFSCME Local 1632 \nPage Two \n \n if they wish, or may document their election by e-mail or other writing if they please. Employees \nmay decide at any time that they no longer wish to participate in the alternative work schedule, \nand must notify management in writing if and when they make such a decision. \nDuration \n \n \nThis Memorandum of Understanding remains in full force and effect until March 31, 2011, \nunless either party gives written notice to the other of its intent to terminate this MOU at least thirty (30) days prior to its expiration date or any anniversary thereof. FOR THE CITY: FOR THE UNION: \n \n \n____________________________ _______________________________ \nChester C. Christie, Director R. Sean Grayson \nDepartment of Human Resources General Counsel AFSCME, Ohio Council 8 ____________________________ ________________________________ \nD a t e D a t e \n _____________________________ ________________________________ \nAlan McKnight, Executive Director Douglas C. Moore, President \nDepartment of Recreation and Parks AFSCME Local 1632 _____________________________ ________________________________ \nD a t e D a t e \n \n - 159 - \n \nELECTION TO PARTICIPATE IN ALTERNATIVE WORK SCHEDULE \n \nI hereby elect to participate in the alternative schedule agreed to by the City and the AFSCME \nLocal 1632, in Memorandum of Understanding #2001-09. I agree that management in the \nPermits Section of the Recreation and Parks Department may schedule me to work for more \nthan eight (8) hours in a workday, with the understanding that if I accept such an assignment, I will be paid for all hours at the straight time rate. I acknowledge that I have been informed that my participation in this alternative work schedul e is voluntary, and that I may withdraw my \nelection to participate, in writing, at any time. \n \n \n ________________________________ \n Employee ________________________________ \n C l a s s i f i c a t i o n \n ________________________________ D a t e \n - 160 - \nMEMORANDUM OF UNDERSTANDING #2001-07 (Revised April 2005) \nBETWEEN AFSCME LOCAL 1632 \nAND \nTHE CITY OF COLUMBUS \nDEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC UTILITIES \nDIVISION OF WATER \n \n \nSkill Based Pay For Performance Program \n \nPursuant to the provisions of Article 32 of the Collective Bargaining Contract between the \nparties in effect from April 1, 2005 through March 31, 2008 said Contract is hereby modified as to employees in the classifications of Water Service Technician I and Water Service Technician \nII as follows: \nWater Service Technician I \n \nPay Range 22 \n(A) Upon initial appointment to the classification of Water Service Technician I \nemployees will be paid at Pay Range 22. \n(B) During the probationary period, all employees serving in positions allocated to the \nclassification of Water Service Technician I will be trained on residential, commercial, pit meters and confined spaces while performing related duties. \n(C) Evaluations of skill will be completed by management to determine competency of \nreading residential, commercial, pit routes and other related duties. Employees must \npresent confined space certification \nat the time of the evaluation. This evaluation will be completed in addition to the \nprobationary performance reviews. If merit-pay criteria is met, employees will be \neligible for merit-pay on an annual basis. \n \nProgression To Pay Range 23 \n \nWater Service Technician I’s will be placed in Pay Range 23 if they meet the criteria outlined below in 23(A), (B) and (C) AND\n they meet the merit pay system criteria awarded on an \nannual basis. \n \n(A) Employees in the classification of Water Service Technician I will be trained to \nperform “Turn-Offs” and “Put-In-Shape” water service field functions. \n(B) Upon completion of the employee’s probationary period, an evaluation of skill will be \ncompleted by management to determine competency in reading residential, \ncommercial, pit routes, confined space certification and other \n - 161 - \nMOU #2001-07 (Revised April 2005) \nCity/AFSCME \nDivision of Water \nPage 2 \n \n related duties. In addition to the skills assessment, the annual performance review \nwill be completed. \n(C) Skills needed by a Water Service Technician I in order to be eligible for placement in \nPay Range 23 will include competency in reading residential, commercial, and pit \nmeters; confined space certification and the ability to perform other related duties. \n \nPay Range 24 \n \nWater Service Technician I’s will be placed in Pay Range 24 if they meet all the criteria \noutlined below in 24(A) and (B) AND they meet merit pay system criteria awarded on an \nannual basis. \n \n(A) Upon completion of the training outli ned in 23(A), an evaluation of skill will be \ncompleted by management to determine competency of performing “Turn-Offs” and “Put-In-Shape” functions. This evaluation will also confirm competency in reading residential, commercial, pit routes and confined space certification. In addition to this skills assessment, the annual performance review will be completed. \n(B) Skills at this range will include competency in reading residential, commercial, and pit \nmeters; confined space certification, competency in performing “Turn-Offs,” and “Put-\nIn-Shapes”; and may include route planning in addition to competency in the \nperformance of other related duties. \n \n \nWater Service Technician II \n \nPay Range 25 \n(A) Newly promoted Water Service Technician II’s (formerly Water Service Technician \nI’s) will be hired at Pay Range 25. \n(B) Employees will complete training for meter repair, meter testing, and high-bill \ninspections. Upon completion of this training, an evaluation of skill will be completed \nby management to determine competency fo r performing metering system repair, \nmeter system testing and high-bill inspections. This evaluation will also confirm competency in reading residential, commercial, pit meters, confined space certification, performing “Turn-Offs,” “Put-In-Shapes” and may include route planning \nin addition to other related duties. Employees must present confined space \ncertification at the time of evaluation. In addition to this skills assessment, an annual performance review will be completed. \n - 162 - \nMOU #2001-07 (Revised April 2005) \nCity/AFSCME \nDivision of Water \nPage 3 \n \n(C) Skills at this pay range will include competency in reading residential, commercial, pit \nmeters, performing “Turn-Offs,” “Put-In-Shapes,” metering system repair, meter \nsystem testing and high-bill inspections. \n \nPay Range 26 \n \nEmployees in the classification of Water Servic e Technician II will be placed at Pay Range 26 if \nthey meet all of the criteria outlined in 25 (B) and (C), 26(A) and (B) below AND they meet merit \npay system criteria awarded on an annual basis. \n(A) Water Service Technician II will begin Advanced Customer Service Training \n(minimum of five days). \n(B) Skills at this pay range will include competency in reading residential, commercial, \nand pit meters, performing “Turn-Offs,” and “Put-In-Shapes,” metering system repair, meter system testing and high bill inspections. \n \nPay Range 27 \n \nEmployees in the classification of Water Servic e Technician II will be placed in Pay Range 27 if \nthey meet all the criteria outlined in 27 (A), (B) and (C) below AND\n they meet merit pay system \ncriteria awarded on an annual basis. \n(A) Employees need to complete Advance Customer Service Training (minimum of five \n(5) days) and confined space training, if not previously completed. \n(B) Upon completion of the training programs outlined in 27(A) above, an evaluation of \nskill will be completed by management to determine competency for performing metering system repair, meter system testing, high bill inspections and working in confined spaces. This evaluation will also confirm competency in reading residential, commercial, pit meters, performing “Turn-Offs,” “Put-In-Shapes,” metering system repair, meter system testing, and high-bill inspections. Employees must provide \nConfined Space certification at the time of evaluation. In addition to this skills \nassessment, an annual performance review will be completed. \n(C) Skills at this pay range will include competency in reading residential, commercial, \nand pit meters, route planning, performing “Turn-Offs,” “Put-In-Shapes,” metering system repair, meter system testing, high-bill inspections and the ability to work in \nconfined spaces. \n \n \n \n - 163 - \nMOU #2001-07 (Revised April 2005) \nCity/AFSCME \nDivision of Water \nPage 4 \n \nPay Range 28 \n \nEmployees in the classification of Water Se rvice Technician II will be placed in Pay Range \n28 if they meet all the criteria outlined in 28 (A), (B), (C), and (D) below AND they meet merit \npay system criteria awarded on an annual basis. \n \n(A) Employees in the classification of Water Service Technician II will complete \nadvanced meter repair and testing training. \n(B) Employees must obtain certification in Back Flow Prevention and renew as needed. \n(C) Upon completion of these training progr ams outlined in 28(A) and (B), an evaluation \nof skill will be completed by management to determine competency for backflow prevention and advanced meter repair and testing. \n(D) This evaluation will also confirm competency in reading residential, \ncommercial, pit meters, performing “Turn-Offs,” “Put-In-Shapes,” metering system \nrepair, meter system testing, high-bill inspection, confined space work, advanced \nmeter repair and testing and backflow prevention. Backflow prevention and Confined \nSpace certification must be presented at time of evaluation. In addition to this skills \nassessment, an annual performance review will be completed. \n(E) Skills at this pay range will include competency in reading residential, commercial, \nand pit meters, performing “Turn-Offs,” and “Put-In-Shapes,” meter repair, meter testing, high-bill inspections, confined space work, advanced meter repair and testing and backflow prevention. \n It is specifically understood and agreed to by the parti es that in order to effectively implement \nthe terms of this Memorandum of Understanding t he Director of Public Utilities shall have the \nright to do a one-time assignment of pay ranges and pay rates for employees in classifications covered by this Memorandum of Understanding consistent with the terms of same. \n \n \n \n - 164 - \n \nMOU #2001-07 (Revised April 2005) \nCity/AFSCME \nDivision of Water \nPage 5 \n \nUnless specifically amended by this MOU, all wages, hours, and other terms and conditions of employment as provided for in the Collective Bargaining Contract shall remain the same. \n \nDURATION\n \n \nThis MOU may be terminated by either party giving to the other thirty (30) days prior written \nnotice, but shall not extend beyond March 31, 2008. \n \nFOR THE CITY: FOR THE UNION: \n \n \n \n___________________________ __________________________ \nChester C. Christie, Director R. Sean Grayson \nDepartment of Human Resources General Counsel AFSCME, Ohio Council 8 \n \n ___________________________ __________________________ D a t e D a t e \n \n ___________________________ ___________________________ \nTatyana Arsh, Director Doug Moore, President Department of Public Utilities AFSCME Local 1632 \n___________________________ __________________________ \nD a t e D a t e \n - 165 - \nMEMORANDUM OF UNDERSTAND ING #2001-03 (revised May 2008) \nBETWEEN \nTHE CITY OF COLUMBUS AND \nOHIO COUNCIL 8, AFSCME, AFL-CIO AND \nAFSCME LOCAL 1632 \n \n \nThe following is the process agreed upon by the parties to transfer employees from the \nColumbus Health Department to the Columbus Department of Development: \n1. Sanitarian I’s without a degree will transfer as a PMI Trainee at pay range 24 and \nwill retain their current step, unless they receive BOCA certification. \n \n2. Sanitarian I’s with a degree will transfer as a PMI Trainee at pay grade 25 and \nwill retain their current step, unless they receive BOCA certification. \n \n3. Any Sanitarian I that obtains BOCA certification will immediately become a PMI \nat pay grade 28 retaining their current step. \n \n4. Any Sanitarian I that does not obtain BOCA certification will remain in the \nclassification of PMI Trainee indefinitely. \n \n5. No probationary period will be served in the PMI Trainee position, no testing, civil \nservice or otherwise, will be required for the PMI Trainee position, and they will not be required to be on the list for the PMI Trainee classification. \n \n6. No probationary period will be served in the PMI position and there will be no civil \nservice testing or requirement to be on a list to advance to the PMI position. The only examination necessary and requi red for advancement is the BOCA \nexamination. \n \n7. All employees holding clerical classifications reallocated to Development (1 \nAdmin. Asst.; 2 Typist Clerks; 1 Data Entry Operator; and, 1 Clerk II) will be transferred in their current classification, pay grade and step. \n \n8. No probationary period will be served by any clerical staff transferring. \n - 166 -MOU #2001-03 (revised May 2008) \nTransfer employees from the Health Department to the Department of Development Page 2 \n \n \n9. All transfers from the Department of Health will be eligible for merit review and \npay grade advancement, if they meet t he performance evaluation criteria for \nadvancement, on their classification anniversary date after one year of employment with the Department of Development and thereafter they will be eligible for merit advance (if there are pay grades available in their respective classification) every two years. \n \nFOR THE CITY: FOR THE UNION: \n \n _____________________________ ___________________________ Chester C. Christie, Director R. Sean Grayson \nDepartment of Human Resources General Counsel \n AFSCME, Ohio Council 8 \n Date_________________________ Date_______________________ ______________________________ ____________________________ \nBoyce Safford III, Director Douglas C. Moore, President \nDepartment of Development AFSCME Local 1632 \n \nDate________________________ Date_______________________ \n - 167 - \n \n \n \nMEMORANDUM OF UNDERSTAND ING #2000-01 (revised May 2008) \nBETWEEN \nAFSCME, OHIO COUNCIL 8, LOCAL 1632 \nAND \nTHE CITY OF COLUMBUS \nDEPARTMENT OF TECHNOLOGY \nDIVISION OF INFORMATION SERVICES \n \n \nThe City of Columbus and AFSCME, Ohio Council 8, Local 1632, hereby agree to the following \ninterpretation of Section 16.4 of the current Contract between the parties, to be applied to those \nemployees in the classifications of Office A ssistant I (Class Code 0407), Computer Operator I \n(Class Code 0538) and Computer Operator II (Class Code 0539), whether they work primarily at \nCity Hall, or the Arlingate Facility of the Division of Information Services, located at 1601 \nArlingate Lane, or Jerry Hammond Center, 1111 East Broad Street. \n \nREPORTING LOCATION \n (A) The three (3) Operations Centers, City Hall, the Arlingate Facility, and Jerry Hammond \nCenter, shall be combined for overtime purposes into one (1) reporting location for Office Assistants I, Computer Operators I and Computer Operators II. That reporting location \nshall be considered to be Arlingate. \n \n(B) All Office Assistants I, Computer Operat ors I and Computer Operators II shall be on one \n(1) overtime equalization list for each classification for purposes of offering and charging overtime, regardless of whether they work at City Hall, or the Arlingate Facility, or Jerry Hammond Center. \n \nVACATION AND HOLIDAYS\n \n Office Assistants I, Computer Operators I and Computer Operators II shall be considered as \nhaving one (1) reporting location for purposes of bidding on all vacations for the upcoming year \nand holidays. Such vacation leave and holidays shall be granted based on seniority and in \nconformity with the Contract. After the bidding of annual vacations, other vacation leave may be granted on a first come, first serve basis by the Appointing Authority or designee, depending on the operational needs of the Division. \n - 168 -MOU #2000-01 (revised May 2008) \nCity/AFSCME \nDivision of Information Services \nPage 2 \n \nDURATION \n \nThis Memorandum of Understanding may be terminated by either party giving the other party thirty (30) days prior written notice of termination, but the duration shall be no longer than March 31, 2011. \n \n \nFOR THE CITY: FOR THE UNION: \n \n \n \n___________________________ __________________________ \nChester C. Christie R. Sean Grayson \nHuman Resources Director General Counsel \n Ohio Council 8 \n \nDate: _______________________ Date: ______________________ \n \n \n___________________________ __________________________ \nGary Cavin Douglas C. Moore Technology Director/CIO President, Local 1632 \n \n Date: ______________________ Date: _____________________ \n - 169 - MEMORANDUM OF UNDERSTANDING #1998-09 (including all amendments) \n(revised May 2008) \nBETWEEN \nLOCAL 1632 \nAND \nCITY OF COLUMBUS \nDEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC SERVICE \nDIVISION OF TRANSPORTATION \nTRAFFIC SHOP, MAINTENANCE SECTION \n \nPursuant to Article 32, Entire Agreement/Mid-Term Modifications, and Article 16, Hours of Work and Overtime, of the Collective Bargaining Contract (Contract) between the City of Columbus and AFSCME Local 1632, the parties hereby agree that this Memorandum of Understanding \n(MOU) shall apply to employees of the Division of Transportation and pursuant to a mutual \nagreement and desire to establish a four (4) day per week, ten (10) hour per day work schedule \nfor the Pavement Marking Operation, and Sign Installation Operation. Unless specifically amended by this MOU, all wages, hours, and other terms and conditions of employment shall be administered in accordance with the Collective Bargaining Contract. \n \nHOURS OF WORK\n \n \nThe normal workweek shall consist of four (4) work days of ten (10) hours per day and three (3) consecutive days off or five (5) work days of eight (8) hours per day and two (two) consecutive \ndays off (per attached schedule). There shall be one (1) ten (10)-hour and one (1) eight (8) \nhour shift in each twenty-four (24) hour period on Monday through Friday. \n The starting time for all employees involved will be between the hours of 6:00 a.m. and 8:00 a.m. and the quitting time will be between the hours of 4:30 p.m. and 7:00 p.m. \nOVERTIME ELIGIBILITY AND PAY\n \n \n(A) Overtime will be administered per Article 16, Hours of Work and Overtime, of the \nContract. \n(B) For purposes of this MOU, Sundays will be double-time pay for every affected \nemployee, pursuant to Section 16.3. \n \nVACATION LEAVE\n \n Any employee who requests and is granted a vacation day off for any day on which he is \nscheduled to work a ten (10) hour shift shall be charged ten (10) hours of vacation pay for said \nday off. For vacation leaves of less than one (1) full workday, an employee shall be charged in increments of one-tenth (1/10) hour for all time off during any ten (10) hour shift. The Section Manager shall determine the number of employees on scheduled vacation in each section at any one time. This is to ensure adequate coverage during the Monday through \nFriday period. \n - 170 -MOU #1998-09 (including all amendments) (revised May 2008) \nCity/AFSCME \nPage 2 \n \n \nSICK LEAVE ENTITLEMENT AND USAGE \n \n(A) Sick leave shall be administered for employees on ten (10) hour shifts in \naccordance with the provisions contained in Article 20 of the Contract. \n \n(B) For each ten (10) hours of regularly scheduled work from which an employee is \nabsent, sick leave with pay shall be used at the rate of ten (10) hours. For sick leave of less than one (1) full work day, an employee shall be charged in increments of not less than one-tenth (1/10) hour for all time on sick leave during any ten (10) hour shift. \n \nHOLIDAY SCHEDULE\n \n \nThe provisions contained in Article 17 of the Contract shall govern the eligibility and usage of holiday pay for those employees covered herein, unless specifically changed hereunder. \n In accordance with Section 17.9, during the week of a holiday, employees covered herein, shall \nwork a traditional eight (8) hour per day work schedule five (5) days per week Monday through \nFriday excluding the day observed as the holiday. Any employee who is working an eight (8) hour shift and who works on a day celebrated as a holiday, shall be paid at the rate of time and one-half (1-1/2) for all hours worked, in addition to \nhis regular eight (8) hours of straight-time hourly pay for the holiday. \n \nIn accordance with Section 17.2, if the holiday falls on the first RDO, the holiday shall be observed on the previous day. If the holiday falls on the third RDO, the holiday shall be \nobserved on the following day. If the holiday falls on the middle day off for \"Crew A\" the holiday will be observed on the following Monday; if the holi day falls on the middle day off for \"Crew B\" \nthe holiday will be observed on the proceeding Friday. \nDISABILITY LEAVE PROCEDURES\n \n All full-time non-seasonal employees working ten (10) hour shifts shall be eligible to participate \nin the City's disability leave program as provi ded in Article 21 of the Contract, provided however \nthat any ten (10) hour employee deemed to be on said disability leave program shall receive \n81% of said employee's gross wage, less applic able taxes, under the following formula: \n \nThe employee's gross wages shall be computed on a forty- (40) hour workweek for each full week in which an employee is off work. \n \n - 171 -MOU #1998-09 (including all amendments) (revised May 2008) \nCity/AFSCME \nPage 3 \n \nPERSONAL BUSINESS DAY \n \nPersonal business day entitlement and usage shall be administered in accordance with the \nprovisions of Article 18 of the Contract. Employees will be required to supplement two (2) hours of vacation leave or compensatory time in order to be paid for a ten (10) hour workday. \n \nINJURY LEAVE\n \n \nAny employee, who is working a ten (10) hour shift and is off work as a result of a job-related \ninjury, shall be assigned to the first shift, Monday through Friday, for the duration of his/her injury leave. \n \nCOMPENSATORY TIME\n \n \nAn employee who requests and is granted compensatory time off for a day on which he/she is \nscheduled to work a ten (10) hour shift shall be charged ten (10) hours of compensatory time for said day off. For compensatory time of less than one (1) full work day, an employee shall be charged in increments of not less than one-tenth (1/10) hour for all time on compensatory time \nduring any ten (10) hour shift. \n \nNON-PARTICIPANTS\n \n Any employee not wishing to participate in the four (4) day ten (10) hour per day work schedule will continue to work a traditional eight (8) hour per day work schedule five (5) days per week \nMonday through Friday. All new hires during the experiment will be assigned to Crew \"C.\" \n \nSCHEDULING\n \n \nAll employees will either be on \"A,\" \"B,\" or \"C\" Crew. \nCREW “A” \nSunday Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday \nOFF 10 10 10 10 OFF OFF \nHoliday on Saturday observed on following Monday. \n \nCREW “B” \nSunday Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday \nOFF OFF 10 10 10 10 OFF \nHoliday on Saturday observed on preceding Friday. \n \nCREW “C” \nSunday Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday \nOFF 8 8 8 8 8 OFF \n \n - 172 -MOU #1998-09 (including all amendments) (revised May 2008) \nCity/AFSCME \nPage 4 \n \n \nEmployees may elect to rotate to another crew on a quarterly basis with administrative approval. \nManagement, due to workloads, may alter any em ployee's schedule with prior notification. \n \nEVALUATION \n \nThis Memorandum of Understanding will be evaluated tw ice yearly. Both parties agree that this \nMOU may be terminated by either party giving to the other party thirty (30) days prior written notice of termination, but the duration shall be no longer than March 31, 2011. \nFor the City: For the Union: \n \n____________________________ _____________________________ Chester C. Christie R. Sean Grayson \nDirector of Human Resources General Counsel \n AFSCME, Ohio Council 8 \n \n____________________________ _____________________________ D a t e D a t e ____________________________ _____________________________ \nMark Kelsey, Director Douglas C. Moore, President \nDepartment of Public Service AFSCME Local 1632 ____________________________ _____________________________ \nD a t e D a t e \n - 173 -MEMORANDUM OF UNDERSTAND ING #1998-07 (revised May 2008) \nBETWEEN \nTHE CITY OF COLUMBUS AND AFSCME LOCAL 1632 \nDEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC UTILITIES \nDIVISION OF POWER AND WATER (POWER) \nPOWER LINE TROUBLESHOOTERS \n \n The City of Columbus and AFSCME, Ohio Council 8, Local 1632, hereby agree that this \nMemorandum of Understanding (hereinafter referred to as MOU) shall apply to employees of the \nDepartment of Public Utilities, Division of Power and Water (Power) pursuant to a mutual agreement to establish a four (4) day per week, ten (10) hour per day work schedule for employees in the Power \nLine Troubleshooter classification. Unless specific ally amended by this MOU, all wages, hours and \nother terms and conditions of employment shall be administered in accordance with the Collective \nBargaining Contract (hereinafter referred to as Contract). \n \nHOURS OF WORK\n \n The normal workweek shall consist of four (4) days of ten (10) hours per day with three (3) \nconsecutive days off. There will be one (1) straight ten (10) hour shift in each twenty-four (24) hour \nperiod. Employees will work Monday through Thursday, 6:15 a.m. to 4:45 p.m. \nHOLIDAY PAY\n \n \n(A) The provisions contained in Article 17, Holidays, of the Contract shall govern the \neligibility and usage of holiday pay for those employees covered herein, unless specifically changed hereunder. \n (B) Any employee who does not work a day on which a holiday is celebrated shall be paid \nten (10) hours of straight time at his regular straight-time hourly rate of pay for said \nholiday. \n \n(C) When a holiday falls on the employee’s firs t or second regularly scheduled day off, it \nshall be celebrated on the previous day; when a holiday falls on the third regularly \nscheduled day off, the holiday shall be celebrated on the following day. \n \n(D) Any employee who works on a day that is celebrated as a holiday, shall be paid at the \nrate of time and one-half (1-1/2) for all hours worked in addition to his regular straight \ntime hourly pay for the holiday. \n \nOVERTIME ELIGIBILITY AND PAY\n \n \n(A) Overtime eligibility and pay will be administered pursuant to Article 16 of the Contract. \n (B) For purposes of this MOU, double time will be paid for time worked on the third \nconsecutive day off (Sunday) provided the employee has accumulated forty (40) straight-time rate hours in paid status during the workweek in accordance with Article 16.3 (C). \n (C) Employees working a ten (10) hour workday shall be eligible for daily overtime after \nactually working ten (10) hours in the workday. \n - 174 -MOU #1998-07 (revised May 2008) \nCity/AFSCME \nWork Schedule Page 2 \nVACATION LEAVE \n \n(A) An employee’s vacation leave accrual and/or usage shall be in accordance with the \nprovisions contained in Article 19 of the Contract. \n \n(B) An employee who requests and is granted a vacation day off for a day on which he is \nscheduled to work a ten (10) hour shift shall be charged ten (10) hours of vacation for said day off. For vacation leave of less than one (1) full work day, an employee shall be charged in increments of not less than one-tenth (1/10) hour for all time on vacation leave during any ten (10) hour shift. \n \nSICK LEAVE ENTITLEMENT \nAND USAGE \n \n(A) Sick leave entitlement and usage shall be administered for employees on ten (10) hour \nshifts in accordance with the provisions contained in Article 20 of the Contract. \n (B) For each ten (10) hours of regularly scheduled work from which an employee is absent, \nsick leave with pay shall be used at the rate of ten (10) hours. For sick leave of less than one (1) full work day, an employee shall be charged in increments of not less than one-tenth (1/10) hour for all time on sick leave during any ten (10) hour shift. \n \nPERSONAL BUSINESS DAY\n \n \nPersonal business day entitlement and usage shall be administered in accordance with the provisions of Article 18 of the Contract. Employees will be required to supplement two (2) hours of vacation \nleave or compensatory time in order to be paid for a ten (10) hour workday. \n \nINJURY LEAVE\n \n \nAny employee, who is working a ten (10) hour shift and is off work as a result of a job-related injury, shall be assigned to the first shift, Monday through Fr iday, for the duration of his/her injury leave. \n \nCOMPENSATORY TIME\n \n \nAn employee who requests and is granted compens atory time off for a day on which he/she is \nscheduled to work a ten (10) hour shift shall be charged ten (10) hours of compensatory time for said \nday off. For compensatory time of less than one (1) full work day, an employee shall be charged in increments of not less than one-tenth (1/10) hour for all time on compensatory time during any ten (10) hour shift. \n \n - 175 -MOU #1998-07 (revised May 2008) \nCity/AFSCME \nWork Schedule \nPage 3 \n \nDISABILITY LEAVE PROCEDURES \n \nAll full-time employees working ten (10) hour shifts shall be eligible to participate in the City’s disability leave program provided in Article 21 of the Contract, provided, however, that any ten (10) hour employee deemed to be on said disability leave pr ogram shall receive a payment of 81% of said \nemployee’s gross wages under the following formula: \n \n(1) The employee’s gross wages shall be computed on a forty (40) hour workweek for \neach full week in which an employee is off work. \n \n(2) The employee shall receive a payment of 81% of his gross wages based upon said \nforty (40) hour work-week for each full week in which an employee is off work. \n \n(3) For any partial week in which an employee is on the disability leave program, said \nemployee shall receive a payment of 81% of his gross wages, under the above-noted \nformula, pro-rated to the number of hours said employee is off work during his regularly \nscheduled work week. \n \nDURATION\n \n This MOU may be terminated by either party giving to the other party thirty (30) days prior written notice of termination, but the duration shall be no longer than March 31, 2011. FOR THE CITY: FOR THE UNION: \n \n __________________________ ___________________________ Chester C. Christie R. Sean Grayson Human Resources Director General Counsel \n AFSCME, Ohio Council 8 \n \n__________________________ ___________________________ \nD a t e D a t e \n \n __________________________ ___________________________ Tatyana Arsh, P.E., Director Douglas C. Moore, President Department of Public Utilities AFSCME Local 1632 \n \n __________________________ ___________________________ D a t e D a t e \n - 176 -MEMORANDUM OF UNDERSTAND ING #1997-14 (revised May 2008) \nBETWEEN \nAFSCME, OHIO COUNCIL 8, LOCAL 1632 \nAND THE CITY OF COLUMBUS \nDEPARTMENT OF TECHNOLOGY \nDIVISION OF INFORMATION SERVICES \n \n Pursuant to Section 32.3 of the Collective Bargaining Contract between the City of Columbus and the \nAmerican Federation of State, County, and Municipal Employees, Ohio Council 8, Local 1632, the \nparties hereby agree to the following provisions being enacted for employees of the Division of Information Services, Operations Section in the job classifications known as Computer Operator I and \nComputer Operator II. Unless specifically amended by this Memorandum of Understanding \n(hereinafter referred to as MOU), all wages, hours, and other terms and conditions of employment \nshall be administered in accordance with the Collective Bargaining Contract (hereinafter referred to as \nContract). For several years Information Services has scheduled its shift workers on an eight (8) week rotation changing their days off. This schedule allows more frequent days off of Saturday and Sunday as \nopposed to the three (3) month rotation outlined in the Contract. The number of positions allocated to \na shift will determine the frequency of Saturday and Sunday days off. The shift rotations are started at midnight Saturday night. The shift rotations may result in an employee having less than forty (40) straight time rate hours in paid status between the regular days off under the old schedule and the regular days off under the new schedule. This MOU is being \nexecuted to clarify the treatment of overtime worked on the first or second regular day off of the new \nschedule for the first seven calendar days of the new schedule as follows: 1. With respect to Section 16.3(E) of the collective bargaining contract, for purposes of this MOU, \nthe reference to the three (3) month schedule change will apply to this eight (8) week schedule \nchange. \n \n2. If an employee works his/her first regular day off during the first week of the new schedule and \nin the previous five calendar days does not have any AWOL, sick, injury or disability time off, \nthe employee will be paid at time and one-half (1.5) for any time worked on the first regular \nday off of the new schedule. If an employee works his second regular day off during the first \nweek of the new schedule and in the previous six calendar days does not have any AWOL, \nsick, injury or disability \ntime off, the employee will be paid at double time (2.0) for any time \nworked on the second regular day off. Any AWOL, sick, injury or disability time taken will be replaced hour for hour with straight time before receiving any premium pay. \n - 177 - \nMOU #1997-14 (revised May 2008) \nCity/AFSCME \nDivision of Information Services \nPage 2 \n \n This MOU resolves any and all grievances regarding em ployees working this schedule in the Division \nof Information Services. \n \nDURATION\n \n \nThe terms of this MOU will remain in full force and effect until March 31, 2011 or unless either party gives at least thirty (30) days written notice to the other of its intent to terminate this MOU. \n \n \nFOR THE CITY: FOR THE UNION: \n \n_______________________________ _______________________________ \nChester C. Christie R. Sean Grayson \nDirector of Human Resources General Counsel \n Ohio Council 8 \n \n____________________ ______________________ \nD a t e D a t e \n _______________________________ _______________________________ \nGary Cavin Douglas C. Moore Technology Director/CIO President \n AFSCME Local 1632 \n ____________________ _______________________ D a t e D a t e \n \n - 178 -MEMORANDUM OF UNDERSTAND ING #1997-03 (revised May 2008) \nBETWEEN THE CITY OF COLUMBUS \nDEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC SERVICE \nDIVISION OF TRANSPORTATION \nSTREET MAINTENANCE SECTION \nAND \nAFSCME, OHIO COUNCIL 8, LOCAL 1632 \n \n \nThis Memorandum of Understanding will document the parties’ agreement with respect to the \napplication of Section 16.7 of the Collective Bargaining Contract (“Contract”) for the employees of the \nDivision of Transportation Operations Section. Un less specifically amended by this MOU, all wages, \nhours and other terms and conditions of employment shall be administered in accordance with the \nContract. In response to Grievance No. 204-96, a third step answer was issued on November 27, 1996 \nindicating that the Street Maintenance operation in the Division of Transportation is a 24-hour \noperation and that the employees should be afforded all rights and perform all the obligations associated with being employed in a 24-hour operation in accordance with the Contract. \n \nThe parties hereby agree that the above mentioned answer will be voided effective January 1, 1997. The parties further agree that as of January 2, 1997 and all time thereafter, even though there are \n“Security Specialists” and “Utility/Red Light operators” on duty at all times, the Operations section of \nthe Division (including the Street Maintenance Section) is not a 24-hour and/or continuous operation \nfor purposes of any an all sections of the Contra ct referencing 24-hour and/or continuous operations \n(including but not limited to Sections 16.1, 16.3, 16.7, 17.1). \nDURATION\n \n This MOU may be terminated by either party giving to the other party thirty (30) days prior written notice, but shall not extend beyond March 31, 2011. \n FOR THE CITY: FOR THE UNION: \n \n \n \n \nChester C. Christie R. Sean Grayson \nHuman Resources Director General Counsel \n AFSCME, Ohio Council 8 \n \n \nDate Date \n \n \n \nMark Kelsey, Director Douglas C. Moore, President \nDepartment of Public Service AFSCME Local 1632 \n \n \nDate Date \n - 179 -MEMORANDUM OF UNDERSTAND ING #1996-02 (revised May 2008) \nCITY OF COLUMBUS AND AFSCME LOCAL 1632 \nAND \nDEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC SAFETY \nDIVISION OF POLICE \nCOMMUNICATIONS BUREAU \n \nPursuant to Article 32.3 of the Collective Bargaining Contract between the above named parties, the \nCity of Columbus and AFSCME, Local 1632, hereby agree that the following provision shall be \nenacted for employees working in the job classification known as Police Communication Technician. \nUnless specifically amended by this Memorandum of Understanding (MOU), all wages, hours and other terms and conditions of employment shall be administered in accordance with the Collective \nBargaining Contract. \n HOLIDAYS\n \n Police Communication Technicians shall recognize Christmas Eve, New Year’s Eve, Easter, Mothers \nDay and Fathers Day (effective with 2009 holiday bid) as holidays for the purpose of bidding the \nminimum of five (5) holidays off during each calendar year. Police Communication Technicians shall \nbe eligible to bid on a total of fourteen (14) holidays pursuant to Section 17.7, Shift Worker Holidays in \nContinuous Operations, for the purpose of holiday bidding. If one of these days is selected by an \nemployee, they must celebrate it as a holiday on the actual day. Since these extra days are not paid holidays, as outlined in Section 17.1, employees must use leave time (vacation or compensatory time) \nin order to be off. \nThis MOU applies only to the Police Communication Technicians in the Communications Bureau, \nDivision of Police. \n \nDURATION\n \n \nThe terms of this MOU will remain in full force and effect unless either party gives at least thirty (30) \ndays written notice to the other party of its intent to terminate said MOU, but no longer than March 31, 2011. \n \nFOR THE CITY: FOR THE UNION: \n \n______________________________ ______________________________ \nChester C. Christie R. Sean Grayson \nDirector of Human Resources General Counsel \nOhio Council 8 \n______________________________ ______________________________ \nD a t e D a t e \n ______________________________ ______________________________ Mitchell J. Brown Douglas C. Moore Director President Department of Public Safety AFSCME Local 1632 \n \n______________________________ ______________________________ D a t e D a t e \n - 180 -MEMORANDUM OF UNDERSTANDING #1996-01 (revised May 2008) \nBETWEEN \nAFSCME, LOCAL 1632 \nAND \nTHE CITY OF COLUMBUS \nDEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC SA FETY, DIVISION OF POLICE \n \nRegarding Communication Technicians/Small Craft Activities \n \nIt is essential that Communication Technicians be imm ediately available to answer telephone calls from the \npublic as well as other police personnel. To that end, Communication Technicians are assigned to consoles to \nanswer such incoming calls. Although Communication Technici ans are available, there are times when incoming \ntelephone calls are not constant. It is not practical to permit Communication Technicians to leave their \nrespective consoles when they are awaiting incoming telephone calls. \n \nIn order to promote the alertness of Communication Technicians awaiting incoming telephone calls, it is agreed that they be permitted to work on small craft activities at non-emergency telephone consoles in the Police \nCommunications Center. Small craft activities include such things as knitting, cross-stitching and needlework. It \nis essential that the individual be able to immediately stop the craft activity in order to answer incoming calls. \nSmall craft activities shall not be permitted at consoles receiving incoming 9-1-1 calls. \n \nNo activity shall involve the use of any liquids, scraps , or other fragments which may deter the Communications \nBureau’s equipment or operations. Permission to engage in small craft activities shall be subject to guidelines formulated by management. The \nprivilege to engage in such activities may be tempor arily or permanently revised, rescinded or otherwise \nmodified by management at any time. Any Division of Po lice supervisor may order an individual to cease small \ncraft activity at any time. \nThis Memorandum of Understanding applies only to Police Communication Technicians working in the Police Communications Center. \n \nDURATION\n \n \nThis MOU may be terminated by either party giving thirty (30) days prior written notice to the other party, but \nshall not extend beyond March 31, 2011. FOR THE CITY: FOR THE UNION: \n \n______________________________ ______________________________ \nChester C. Christie, Direct or R. Sean Grayson \nDepartment of Human Resources General Counsel \nAFSCME, Ohio Council 8 \n______________________________ ______________________________ D a t e D a t e \n \n______________________________ ______________________________ Mitchell J. Brown, Director Douglas C. Moore \nDepartment of Public Safety President \n AFSCME Local 1632 \n______________________________ ______________________________ \nD a t e D a t e \n - 181 -MEMORANDUM OF UNDERSTAND ING #1994-11 (revised May 2008) \nBETWEEN THE CITY OF COLUMBUS \nDEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC SERVICE \nDIVISION OF TRANSPORTATION \nSTREET MAINTENANCE SECTION \nand AFSCME, OHIO COUNCIL 8, LOCAL 1632 \n \n This Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) will document the parties’ agreement with respect to the \napplication of Article 13 and Article 16 for the employees of the Public Service Department, \nTransportation Division, Street Maintenance Section. Unless specifically amended by this MOU, all \nwages, hours and other terms and conditions of employment shall be administered in accordance with \nthe Collective Bargaining Contract (hereinafter referred to as Contract). \n Winter Season Assignment\n \n \n1. Employees shall be permitted to exercise their classification seniority for purposes of \nbidding all assignments within their respective sections i.e., Street Maintenance Section. All assignments within the Street Maintenance Section shall be filled on the \nbasis of classification seniority. \n \n2. These assignments shall not be deemed permanent assignments. At the end of the \ndesignated Winter season, at a date determi ned by management, all employees in the \nStreet Maintenance Section shall be returned to their pre-seasonal shifts and hours of \nwork at their respective work locations. \n \nThis MOU shall become effective upon the date of signing by both parties and remains in full force for \nthe duration of the Contract (March 31, 2011), or until such time as either party gives to the other party thirty (30) days prior written notice of its election to terminate this MOU. FOR THE CITY: FOR THE UNION: \n ______________________________ ________________________________ Chester C. Christie R. Sean Grayson \nDirector of Human Resources General Counsel \nAFSCME, Ohio Council 8 \n ______________________________ ________________________________ D a t e D a t e \n \n______________________________ ________________________________ Mark Kelsey Douglas C. Moore, President Director of Public Service AFSCME Local 1632 ______________________________ ________________________________ \nD a t e D a t e \n - 182 -MEMORANDUM OF UNDERSTAND ING #1994-05 (revised May 2008) \nCITY OF COLUMBUS AND AFSCME LOCAL 1632 \nDEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC SERVICE \nDIVISION OF REFUSE COLLECTION \n \nRegarding Mandatory Overtime Procedures \n \n \nIt is agreed by the City of Columbus and AFSCME, Ohio Council 8, Local 1632, to continue the resolution reached in the settlement of Grievance Numbers 219/220/242-90, and 26-91, Policy \nGrievances (FMCS #91-09143) and any and all matters contested therein as follows: \n1. A sign-up sheet shall be posted at each reporting location by noon Friday of each \nweek to permit employees to volunteer to work overtime on specific days for the \nnext succeeding week, including Saturdays and Sundays. \n \n2. Employees desiring to volunteer to work overtime shall sign up for days they \ndesire to work. \n \n3. There shall be no limit to the number of days or hours an employee may \nvolunteer to work overtime. Employees may not work more than sixteen (16) \nhours in one day. \n \n4. The Appointing Authority shall determine, at his discretion, the need for overtime \nwork. \n \n5. Where practical, in the broadest sense, on days when overtime is available, the \nAppointing Authority or designee shall announce by 10:00 a.m. on the first shift that overtime is being worked. \n \n6. When overtime is worked by volunteers, the overtime roster shall be annotated \nfor equalization purposes consistent with the provisions of Article 16.4 of the Collective Bargaining Contract between the parties. \n \n7. Any employee who has volunteered to work overtime and who does not work and \nhas not (a) removed his/her name from the volunteer list twenty-four (24) hours in \nadvance of the announcement that overtime will be worked, or (b) made a valid \nreasonable request not to work as determined by the Division Administrator or \nhis designee, may be subject to disciplinary action. \n \n - 183 -MOU #1994-05 (revised May 2008) \nCity of Columbus and AFSCME Local 1632 \nDivision of Refuse Collection \nPage 2 of 2 \n \n \n8. If an insufficient number of employees are available at the reporting location \nwhere overtime is to be worked, then mandatory overtime shall be assigned \nwithin classifications by seniority, least senior first. \n \n9. Mandatory overtime shall be limited to a maximum of sixteen (16) hours per \nemployee per week. \n 10. No emergency vacation or compensatory time will be approved in lieu of working \nmandatory overtime. \n \n11. An employee assigned to work mandatory overtime, who does not work, and who \nhas not made a valid, reasonable request not to work, as determined by the Administrator or his designee, may be subject to disciplinary action. \n \n12. Employees on an approved extended leav e or on a prior approved vacation or \ncompensatory time of more than one day will not be required to work mandatory overtime. \n This settlement applies only to the Division of Refuse Collection, Department of Public Service. This MOU shall be effective through March 31, 2011 unless terminated at any time prior thereto, by either party giving to the other party thirty (30) days prior written notice. \n \nFOR THE CITY: FOR THE UNION: \n \n _______________________________ _______________________________ \nChester C. Christie R. Sean Grayson \nDirector of Human Resources General Counsel \nAFSCME, Ohio Council 8 \n _______________________________ _____________________________ D a t e D a t e \n \n_______________________________ _______________________________ Mark Kelsey Douglas C. Moore, President Director of Public Service AFSCME Local 1632 \n_______________________________ _____________________________ \nD a t e D a t e \n - 184 -MEMORANDUM OF UNDERSTAND ING #1994-01 (revised May 2008) \nBETWEEN \nTHE CITY OF COLUMBUS, THE COLUMBUS BOARD OF HEALTH, \nAND \nAFSCME, OHIO COUNCIL 8, LOCALS 1632 AND 2191 \n \nREGARDING PAYROLL DEDUCTION SLOT FOR \nAFSCME, LOCAL 1632 SPONSORED GROUP LEGAL SERVICES PLAN \n \n \nAFSCME Local 1632 is desirous of providing a group legal services plan to eligible bargaining unit members (as defined in paragraph number eight (8) below) and, to that end, has requested that the City grant it a payroll deduction slot for the voluntary deduction of monthly prem iums from eligible bargaining members' wages. The \nCity has agreed to provide AFSCME Local 1632 with a payroll deduction slot to be used for such purpose, \nconsistent with the terms and conditions of this Memorandum of Understanding (hereinafter referred to as \nMOU). Accordingly, the parties agree as follows: \n1. The group legal services plan sponsored by AFSCME Local 1632 will be the complete and sole responsibility of AFSCME Local 1632 to process, administer and monitor. \n \n2. The City will provide AFSCME Local 1632 access to a payroll deduction slot and will facilitate \nenrollment by eligible bargaining unit members of AFSCME Local 1632 and in individual City departments by agreeing to have payroll clerks process the payroll deduction authorization for the AFSCME Local 1632 sponsored group legal services plan. \n \n3. All monies deducted monthly for participation in the group legal services plan will be forwarded \nto the Treasurer of AFSCME Local 1632 in the aggregate amount by a warrant separate and apart from the warrant provided to the Comptroller of AFSCME, Ohio Council 8 as provided in Article 5 of the Collective Bargaining Contract currently in effect between the City and AFSCME, Ohio Council 8, Local 1632. All funds transmitted to AFSCME Local 1632, pursuant to the \npayroll deduction authorization for the AFSCME Local 1632 sponsored group legal services \nplan, shall be the sole responsibility of AFSCME Local 1632 to administer and disperse. \n \n4. Deductions under the terms of this MOU shall be made during one (1) pay period each month; if \nany participating bargaining unit member's pay for the period is insufficient to cover the deduction for the plan after the withholding of all other legal and required deductions (including \nUnion dues), the City will make a deduction from the pay earned during the next pay period. In \nthe event a deduction is not made for any participating member during any particular month, the City, upon verification in writing from the President of AFSCME Local 1632, will make the appropriate deduction in the following month. \n \n5. The deductions made under the terms of this MO U, accompanied by an alphabetical list of all \nparticipating bargaining unit members shall be transmitted to the Treasurer of AFSCME Local 1632, no later than ten (10) days following the end of the pay period in which the deduction is made, if so approved by the City Auditor. \n - 185 -MOU #1994-01 (revised May 2008) \nRegarding Payroll Deduction Slot for \nAFSCME Sponsored Group Legal Services Plan \nPage 2 \n \n \n6. It shall be sole and exclusive responsibility of AFSCME Local 1632 to administer the group legal \nservices plan, including solicitation and distribution of information related to enrollment or \nparticipation in the plan. \n \n7. The City's role will be solely clerical in nature, that is, to process the amount of the payroll \ndeduction for the AFSCME Local 1632 sponsored group legal services plan and to transmit the monies deducted from payroll to AFSCME Local 1632. \n \n8. Only AFSCME Local 1632 bargaining unit members who have properly executed and valid dues \ndeduction authorization cards on file with their payroll clerk or the Central Payroll section of the \nCity Auditor's Office shall be eligible to execute payroll deduction authorization cards for the \nAFSCME Local 1632 sponsored group legal insurance plan. \n \n9. Any eligible bargaining unit member of AFSCME Local 1632 wishing to participate in the payroll \ndeduction of premiums for the AFSCME Local 1632 sponsored group legal services plan shall \nbe required to execute the required payroll deduction authorization card (a copy of which is attached hereto as Appendix A). \n \n10. An annual enrollment period during the month of February each year is hereby established, during which interested eligible bargaining unit members may sign a payroll deduction card for the plan. Payroll deduction authorization cards received by the City on or after March 1 of each \nyear shall be deemed invalid. In any event, the City shall not be obligated in any way to honor \nthe payroll deduction authorization cards for the AFSCME Local 1632 sponsored group legal services plan until such time as AFSCME Local 1632 presents to the City in a timely manner a \nminimum of 50 properly executed payroll deduction authorization cards evidencing the desire of at least 50 eligible bargaining unit members to participate in the payroll deduction program for \nthe AFSCME Local 1632 sponsored group legal services plan. \n \n11. The City shall continue to make the appropriate monthly deduction from the pay of a \nparticipating bargaining unit member until such ti me as the City receives during the month of \nFebruary a written revocation of the authorization for payroll deduction signed by the participating member. To be valid and effective, a written revocation must be submitted and \nreceived by the City during the month of February in each year. \n \n12. In the event less than 50 eligible members of the bargaining unit participate in the program at \nany time, the City's obligation to withhold shall aut omatically terminate and the Office of the City \nAuditor shall inform AFSCME Local 1632 of the termination of this deduction. In such event, it \nshall be the sole responsibility of AFSCME Local 1632 to notify participating bargaining unit \nmembers of the termination of the payroll deduction. \n \n13. No solicitation or enrollment activity shall ta ke place during working hours or on City property. \n - 186 -MOU #1994-01 (revised May 2008) \nRegarding Payroll Deduction Slot for \nAFSCME Sponsored Group Legal Services Plan \nPage 3 \n \n14. AFSCME, Ohio Council 8, and Locals 1632 and 2191 jointly and severally agree that they will \nindemnify and hold the City harmless from any claims, actions, or proceedings commenced by \nany person or employee(s) against the City arising out of the terms of this MOU or its \nimplementation. \n \n15. AFSCME Local 2191 is desirous of participating in this group legal services plan sponsored by \nAFSCME Local 1632 and to that end has requested that the Board of Health and City of \nColumbus provide a payroll deduction slot to be used for the voluntary deduction of monthly premiums for all bargaining unit members. The City and the Board of Health have agreed to \nprovide AFSCME Local 2191 with a payroll deduction slot to be used for such purpose, \nconsistent with the terms and conditions as agreed to in this Memorandum of Understanding. \n \n16. This MOU contains the entire agreement of the parties. \n \n17. This MOU may be terminated by either party givi ng to the other party thirty (30) days prior \nwritten notice, but the duration shall be no longer than March 31, 2011. \n. \n \nFOR THE CITY: FOR THE UNION: \n___________________________________ ________________________________ Chester C. Christie, Director R. Sean Grayson \nDepartment of Human Resources General Counsel \nAFSCME, Ohio Council 8 \n ___________________________________ ________________________________ \nDate Date \n ___________________________________ ________________________________ Teresa Long, M.D. M.P.H. Douglas C. Moore, President \nHealth Commissioner AFSCME Local 1632 \n \n___________________________________ ________________________________ Date Date \n \n________________________________ Kathie C. Dodson, President AFSCME Local 2191 \n \n________________________________ \nDate \n - 187 -MEMORANDUM OF UNDERSTAND ING #1993-08 (revised May 2008) \nBETWEEN \nTHE CITY OF COLUMBUS \nDEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC UTILITIES, DIVISION OF POWER AND WATER (POWER) \nAND \nAFSCME, OHIO COUNCIL 8, LOCAL 1632 \n \nRegarding Electric Switchboard Section \n \n \nThe City of Columbus and AFSCME, Ohio Council 8, Local 1632, hereby agree that this Memorandum of Understanding (hereinafter referred to as MOU) shall apply to employees of the Department of Public Utilities, Division of Power and Water (Power) pursuant to a mutual agreement and desire to establish a four (4) day per week, ten (10) hour per day work schedule for employees in \nthe job classifications known as Electricity Load Dispatcher, Electric Switchboard Operator, and \nElectric Switchboard Operator Trainee. Unless specifically amended by this MOU, all wages, hours \nand other terms and conditions of employment shall be administered in accordance with the Collective Bargaining Contract (hereinafter referred to as Contract). \nHOURS OF WORK\n \n \nThe Electric Switchboard is a twenty-four (24) hour-a-day, seven (7) day a week operation. Employees shall work four (4) ten (10) hour work days with three (3) consecutive days off. Shift \nassignments will be established through the bidding process for first, second and third shifts. OVERTIME ELIGIBILITY AND PAY\n \n \n(A) Overtime eligibility and pay will be administered per Article 16 of the Contract. \n \n(B) For purposes of this agreement, work performed on an employee's second consecutive \nregular day off will be paid at the double-time rate, providing that said employee has accumulated forty (40) straight-time rate hours in paid status. \n \nVACATION LEAVE\n \n \nAny employee who requests and is granted a vacation day off for any day on which he is scheduled to \nwork a ten (10) hour shift shall be charged ten (10) hours of vacation leave for said day off. For \nvacation leaves of less than one (1) full workday, an employee shall be charged in increments of one-\ntenth (1/10) hour for all time off during any ten (10) hour shift. \n \nThe number of employees allowed on scheduled vaca tion on each shift at any one time shall be \ndetermined by Distribution Management. \n - 188 -MOU #1993-08 (revised May 2008) \nCity/AFSCME \nPage 2 \n \n \nSICK LEAVE ENTITLEMENT AND USAGE \n \n(A) Sick leave entitlement shall be administered for employees on ten (10) hour shifts in \naccordance with the provisions contained in Article 20 of the Contract. \n \n(B) For each ten (10) hours of regularly scheduled work from which an employee is absent, \nsick leave with pay shall be charged at the rate of ten (10) hours per day. For sick \nleave of less than one full work day, an empl oyee shall be charged in increments of not \nless than one-tenth (1/10) hour for all time on sick leave during any ten (10) hour shift. \n \nDISABILITY LEAVE PROCEDURES \n \nAll full-time non-seasonal employees working ten (10) hour shifts shall be eligible to participate in the \nCity's disability leave program as provided in Article 21 of the Contract, provided, however, that any \nten (10) hour employee deemed to be on said dis ability leave program sha ll receive a payment of \n81% of said employee's gross wages under the following formula: \n \n(1) The employee's gross wages shall be computed on a forty (40) hour work week \nfor each full week in which an employee is off work. \n \n(2) The employee shall receive a payment of 81% of his gross wages based upon \nsaid forty (40) hour work week for each full week in which an employee is off \nwork. \n \n(3) For any partial week in which an employee is on the disability leave program, \nsaid employee shall receive a payment of 81% of his gross wages, under the \nabove-noted formula, pro-rated to the number of hours said employee is off work during his regularly scheduled work week. \n \nHOLIDAY SCHEDULE\n \n \nAny employee working a ten (10) hour shift and who works on a day celebrated as a holiday, shall be paid at the rate of time and one-half (1-1/2) for all hours worked, in addition to his regular ten (10) \nhours at the straight-time hourly rate for the holiday. \n When a holiday falls on an employee's regularly scheduled day off, the holiday shall be celebrated on \nWednesday of that calendar week. \nPERSONAL BUSINESS DAY\n \n \nPersonal business day entitlement and usage shall be administered in accordance with the provisions \nof Article 18 of the Contract. Employees will be required to supplement two (2) hours of vacation leave or compensatory time in order to be paid for a ten (10) hour workday. \n - 189 - \nMOU #1993-08 (revised May 2008) \nCity/AFSCME \nPage 3 \n \n \nINJURY LEAVE \n \nAny employee, who is working a ten (10) hour shift and is off work as a result of a job-related injury, \nshall be assigned to the first shift, Monday through Fr iday, for the duration of his/her injury leave. \n \nCOMPENSATORY TIME \n An employee who requests and is granted compens atory time off for a day on which he/she is \nscheduled to work a ten (10) hour shift shall be charged ten (10) hours of compensatory time for said \nday off. For compensatory time of less than one (1) full work day, an employee shall be charged in increments of not less than one-tenth (1/10) hour for all time on compensatory time during any ten \n(10) hour shift. \n \nDURATION\n \n This MOU may be terminated by either party giving to the other party thirty (30) days prior written \nnotice, but shall not extend beyond March 31, 2011. \n \nFOR THE CITY: FOR THE UNION: \n \n \n_______________________________ _______________________________ \nChester C. Christie R. Sean Grayson \nDirector of Human Resources General Counsel \nAFSCME, Ohio Council 8 \n \n _______________________________ _______________________________ D a t e D a t e \n \n _______________________________ _______________________________ Tatyana Arsh, P.E., Director Douglas C. Moore, President Department of Public Utilities AFSCME Local 1632 \n \n_______________________________ _______________________________ D a t e D a t e \n - 190 -MEMORANDUM OF UNDERSTAND ING #1993-04 (revised May 2008) \nBETWEEN AFSCME, OHIO COUNCIL 8, LOCAL 1632 AND \nTHE CITY OF COLUMBUS \nDEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC UTILITIES \nDIVISION OF POWER AND WATER (WATER) \nCONSUMER SERVICES SECTION \n \n The City of Columbus and AFSCME, Ohio Council 8, Local 1632, agree to the following \nprovisions being enacted for the employees of t he Department of Public Utilities, Division of \nPower and Water (Water), Consumer Services Section. \n \nHOURS OF WORK\n \n \nThe normal work week shall consist of four (4) ten (10) hour days that shall be worked Monday \nthrough Thursday. The shift will begin at 7:00 a.m. and conclude at 5:30 p.m. Core working hours for office employees participating in flex time shall remain 9:00 a.m. to 4:00 p.m. This means that an office employee’s working hours may begin no later than 9:00 a.m. or \nend no earlier than 4:00 p.m. \n \nHOLIDAY PAY\n \n \nThe provisions contained in Article 17 of the Collective Bargaining Contract (hereinafter referred to as Contract) shall govern the eligibility and us age of holiday pay for those employees covered \nherein, unless specifically changed hereunder. Any employee who does not work a day on which a holiday is celebrated shall be paid ten (10) hours straight-time hourly pay for said holiday. \nAny employee who is working a ten (10) hour shift and who works on a day celebrated as a \nholiday, shall be paid at the rate of time and one-half (1-½) for all hours worked, in addition to his regular ten (10) hours of straight time hourly pay for the holiday. If a holiday falls on Friday or Saturday, the holiday will be celebrated on Thursday. \n \nPERSONAL BUSINESS DAY\n \n \nPersonal business day entitlement and usage shall be administered in accordance with the \nprovisions of Article 18 of the Contract. Employees will be required to supplement two (2) hours of vacation leave or compensatory time in order to be paid for a ten (10) hour workday. \nINJURY LEAVE\n \n \nAny employee, who is working a ten (10) hour shift and is off work as a result of a job-related \ninjury, shall be assigned to the first shift, Monday through Friday, for the duration of his/her injury leave. \n - 191 - \nMOU #1993-04 (revised May 2008) \nCity/AFSCME \nPage 2 \n \nCOMPENSATORY TIME \n \nAn employee who requests and is granted compensatory time off for a day on which he/she is \nscheduled to work a ten (10) hour shift shall be charged ten (10) hours of compensatory time for said day off. For compensatory time of less than one (1) full work day, an employee shall be charged in increments of not less than one-tenth (1/10) hour for all time on compensatory time \nduring any ten (10) hour shift. \n \nDISABILITY LEAVE PROCEDURES\n \n \nAll personnel working ten (10) hour days shall be e ligible to participate in the City’s disability \nleave program as provided in Article 21 of the Contract; provided, however, that any ten (10) \nhour employee on approved disability leave shall receive 81% of said employee’s gross wage \nunder the following formula: \n(1) The employee’s gross wage shall be computed on a forty (40) hour work week \nfor each full week in which an employee is off work. \n (2) The employee shall receive 81% of their gross wage based upon said forty (40) \nhour work week for each full week an employee is off work. \n \n(3) For any partial week in which an employee is on the disability program, said \nemployee shall receive 81% of their gross wages, under the above noted formula \nprorated to the number of hours said employ ee is off work due to disability during \nhis regularly scheduled work week. \n \nVACATION LEAVE\n \n \nAny employee who requests and is granted a vacation day off for any day of which they are \nscheduled to work a ten (10) hour shift shall be charged ten (10) hours of vacation pay for said day off. For vacation leaves of less than one full work day, an employee shall be charged in increments of one-tenth (1/10) hour for all time off during any ten (10) hour shift. \nThe number of employees allowed on scheduled vacation at any one time shall be determined \nby the section manager. This is to ensure adequate coverage during the Monday through Friday period. Vacations shall be bid for by seniority by January 16 each year. \nSICK LEAVE ENTITLEMENT AND USAGE\n \n \nSick leave entitlement and usage shall be administered in accordance with the provisions of \nArticle 20 of the Contract with the following additions: \n - 192 - \nMOU #1993-04 (revised May 2008) \nCity/AFSCME \nPage 3 \n \nFor each ten (10) hours of regular work from which an employee is absent, sick leave \npay shall be used at the rate of ten (10) hours. For sick leave of less than one full work \nday, an employee shall be charged in increments of not less than one-tenth (1/10) hour for all time on sick leave during any ten (10) hour shift. \n OVERTIME ELIGIBILITY AND PAY\n \n Overtime eligibility and pay shall be administered per Article 16 of the Contract. For the purposes of this Memorandum of Understanding, (hereinafter referred to as MOU), Sunday will be considered the double time day for all employees. \n \nWhen a need for nonscheduled overtime arises at the end of the workday, the supervisor will \nfirst\n contact those employees who meet all of the following criteria (regardless of whether the \nemployee works an eight (8) hour shift or ten (10) hour shift: \n(1) Employee(s) is next on the overtime list. \n \n(2) Employee is available to work the overtime when needed. If the employee works \na 10-hour shift and the work is needed prior to 5:30 p.m., the supervisor will contact the first 8-hour employee(s) reached on the list. If the need for overtime continues past 5:30 p.m., the supervisor will then contact 10-hour employee(s) reached on the list. \n \nNON-PARTICIPANTS\n \n \nAny employee not wishing to participate in the f our (4) day ten (10) hour per day work schedule \nshall continue to work a traditional eight (8) hour per day work schedule five (5) days per week, \nMonday through Friday, with starting and quitting times as are currently in effect at the time of \nsignature by the parties of this MOU. \nPARTICIPANTS\n \n \nAny employee wishing to participate in the four (4) day ten (10) hour per day work schedule \nshall work the crew to which they are assigned. \n \n - 193 -MOU #1993-04 (revised May 2008) \nCity/AFSCME \nPage 4 \n \n DURATION\n \n This MOU may be terminated by either party givi ng to the other party thirty (30) days prior \nwritten notice of termination, but shall not extend beyond March 31, 2011. FOR THE CITY: FOR THE UNION: \n _____________________________ _____________________________ \nChester C. Christie R. Sean Grayson \nDirector of Human Resources General Counsel \nAFSCME, Ohio Council 8 \n \n_____________________________ _____________________________ D a t e D a t e \n \n _____________________________ _____________________________ Tatyana Arsh, P.E., Director Douglas C. Moore Department of Public Utilities President, AFSCME Local 1632 \n \n _____________________________ _____________________________ D a t e D a t e \n - 194 -MEMORANDUM OF UNDERSTAND ING #1992-09 (revised May 2008) \nBETWEEN AFSCME, OHIO COUNCIL 8, LOCAL 1632 \nAND THE CITY OF COLUMBUS \nDEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC UTILITIES \nDIVISION OF POWER AND WATER (POWER) \n \n FOUR DAY PER WEEK, TEN HOUR PER DAY WORK SCHEDULE \n The parties hereby agree that this Memorandum of Understanding (hereinafter referred to as \nMOU) shall apply to employees of the Department of Public Utilities, Division of Power and \nWater (Power) pursuant to a mutual agreement and desire to establish within the Administrative Offices a four (4) day per week, ten (10) hour per day work schedule. Unless specifically amended by this MOU, all wages, hours and other terms and conditions of employment shall be administered in accordance with the Collective Bargaining Contract (hereinafter referred to as \nContract). \n \nHOURS OF WORK\n \n \n(A) The normal workweek shall consist of four (4) work days of ten (10) hours per \nday and three (3) consecutive days off or five (5) work days of eight (8) hours per \nday and two consecutive days off (per attached schedule). There shall be one (1) ten (10) or one (1) eight (8) hour shift in each twenty-four (24) hour period on Monday through Friday. \n \n(B) The starting time for all employees involved will be between the hours of 6:00 \na.m. and 8:00 a.m. and the quitting time will be between the hours of 4:30 p.m. and 7:00 p.m. \n \nOVERTIME ELIGIBILITY AND PAY\n \n \n(A) Overtime eligibility and pay will be administered per Article 16 of the Contract. \n \n(B) For purposes of this MOU, work performed on Sundays will be paid at the \ndouble-time rate for each employee involved. \n \nPERSONAL BUSINESS DAY \n \nPersonal business day entitlement and usage shall be administered in accordance with the \nprovisions of Article 18 of the Contract. Employees will be required to supplement two (2) hours of vacation leave or compensatory time in order to be paid for a ten (10) hour workday. \n \nINJURY LEAVE\n \n \nAny employee, who is working a ten (10) hour shift and is off work as a result of a job-related \ninjury, shall be assigned to the first shift, Monday through Friday, for the duration of his/her injury leave. \n \n - 195 -MOU #1992-09 (revised May 2008) \nCity/AFSCME \nDivision of Power and Water (Power) \nPage 2 \n \n \nVACATION LEAVE \n \n(A) Any employee who requests and is granted a vacation day off for any day on \nwhich he is scheduled to work a ten (10) hour shift shall be charged ten (10) \nhours of vacation leave for said day off. For vacation leaves of less than one (1) \nfull workday, an employee shall be charged in increments of one-tenth (1/10) hour for all time off during any ten (10) hour shift. \n \n(B) The number of employees allowed on scheduled vacation in each section at any \none time shall be determined by the Section Manager. This is to ensure \nadequate coverage during the Monday through Friday period. \n \nCOMPENSATORY TIME\n \n \nAn employee who requests and is granted compensatory time off for a day on which he/she is scheduled to work a ten (10) hour shift shall be charged ten (10) hours of compensatory time for \nsaid day off. For compensatory time of less than one (1) full work day, an employee shall be charged in increments of not less than one-tenth (1/10) hour for all time on compensatory time during any ten (10) hour shift. \n \nSICK LEAVE ENTITLEMENT AND USAGE\n \n \n(A) Sick leave entitlement shall be administered for employees on ten (10) hour \nshifts in accordance with the provisions contained in Article 20 of the Contract. \n \n(B) For each ten (10) hours of regularly scheduled work from which an employee is \nabsent, sick leave pay shall be used at the rate of ten (10) hours. For sick leave of less than one (1) full work day, an employee shall be charged in increments of not less than one-tenth (1/10) hour for all time on sick leave during any ten (10) hour shift. \n \nHOLIDAY SCHEDULE\n \n \n(A) The provisions contained in Article 17 of the Contract shall govern the eligibility \nand usage of holiday pay for those employees covered herein, unless specifically \nchanged hereunder. \n \n(B) Any employee working a ten (10) hour shift who does not work on a day on which \na holiday is celebrated shall be paid ten (10) hours at the straight-time hourly rate for said holiday. \n \n - 196 -MOU #1992-09 (revised May 2008) \nCity/AFSCME \nDivision of Power and Water (Power) \nPage 3 \n \n \n(C) Any employee working a ten (10) hour shift and who works on a day celebrated \nas a holiday, shall be paid at the rate of time and one-half (1-1/2) for all hours worked, in addition to his regular ten (10) hours at the straight-time hourly rate for the holiday. \n \nPursuant to Article 17, if the holiday falls on the first regularly scheduled day off (RDO), the holiday shall be observed on the previous day. If the holiday falls on the third RDO, the holiday shall be observed on the following day. \nIf the holiday falls on the middle day off for “Crew A” the holiday will be observed on the \nfollowing Monday; if the holiday falls on the mi ddle day off for “Crew B” the holiday will be \nobserved on the preceding Friday. \n \nDISABILITY LEAVE PROCEDURES\n \n \nAll full-time non-seasonal employees working ten (10) hour shifts shall be eligible to participate \nin the City’s disability leave program as provi ded in Article 21 of the Contract, provided however \nthat any ten (10) hour employee deemed to be on said disability leave program shall receive a payment of eighty-one percent (81%) of said employee’s gross wage under the following formula: \n \n(1) The employee’s gross wages shall be computed on a forty (40) hour \nworkweek for each full week in which an employee is off work. \n (2) The employee shall receive a payment of eighty-one percent (81%) of his \ngross wages based upon said forty (40) hour workweek for each full week \nin which an employee is off work. \n \n(3) For any partial week in which an employee is on the disability leave \nprogram, said employee shall receiv e a payment of eighty-one percent \n(81%) of his gross wages, under the above-noted formula, pro-rated to the number of hours said employee is off work during his regularly \nscheduled workweek. \n \nNON-PARTICIPANTS\n \n \nAny employee not wishing to participate in the f our (4) day ten (10) hour per day work schedule \nwill continue to work a traditional eight (8) hour per day work schedule five (5) days per week Monday through Friday. All new hires during the experiment will be assigned to Crew C. \n - 197 -MOU #1992-09 (revised May 2008) \nCity/AFSCME \nDivision of Power and Water (Power) \nPage 4 \n \n \nSCHEDULING \n \nAll employees will either be on “A”, “B”, or “C” shift. \nCREW A\n C R E W B \n \nS M T W T F S S M T W T F S \nOFF 10 10 10 10 OFF OFF OFF OFF 10 10 10 10 OFF \n \nHoliday on Saturday observed Holiday on Saturday observed \non following Monday. on preceding Friday. \n \nCREW C \n \nS M T W T F S \nOFF 8 8 8 8 8 OFF \n \nEmployees may elect to rotate to another crew on a quarterly basis with administrative approval. \n Administration, due to workloads, may alter any employee’s schedule with prior notification. \n \nDURATION\n \n \nThis MOU may be terminated by either party giving thirty (30) days prior written notice to the \nother party, but shall not extend beyond March 31, 2011. FOR THE CITY: FOR THE UNION: \n ____________________________ _____________________________ Chester C. Christie R. Sean Grayson Human Resources Director General Counsel AFSCME, Ohio Council 8 \n____________________________ _____________________________ \nD a t e D a t e \n \n \n____________________________ _____________________________ \nTatyana Arsh, P.E., Director Douglas C. Moore, President \nDepartment of Public Utilities AFSCME Local 1632 ____________________________ _____________________________ D a t e D a t e \n - 198 -MEMORANDUM OF UNDERSTAND ING #1992-06 (revised May 2008) \nBETWEEN THE CITY OF COLUMBUS, \nDEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC UTILITIES, DIVISION OF SEWERAGE AND DRAINAGE \nAND AFSCME, OHIO COUNCIL 8, LOCAL 1632 \n \nSoutherly Wastewater Treatment Plant \n \n The City of Columbus and AFSCME, Ohio Council 8, Local 1632, hereby agree that the \nfollowing provisions shall be enacted for employees working at the Department of Public \nUtilities, Southerly Wastewater Treatment Plant in the job classifications known as Wastewater Plant Operator and Wastewater Plant Supervisor I, as determined by the Appointing Authority. Unless specifically amended by this Memorandu m of Understanding (hereinafter referred to as \nMOU), all wages, hours and other terms and conditions of employment shall be administered in \naccordance with the Collective Bargaining Contract (hereinafter referred to as Contract). \n \nThere are four (4) operating shifts providing the City of Columbus and the Southerly Wastewater \nTreatment Plant twenty-four (24) -hour, seven (7) -days per week plant operation coverage. \nSaid seven (7)- day period begins at 12:01 a.m. Sunday through midnight Saturday. \n \nFirst Shift: Monday through Friday; from 6:45 a.m. to 2:45 p.m.; days off are \nSaturday and Sunday. \n \nSecond Shift: Saturday through Wednesday; from 2:45 p.m. to 10:45 p.m.; days \noff are Thursday and Friday. \n \nThird Shift: Thursday through Monday; 10:45 p.m. to 6:45 a.m.; days off are \nTuesday and Wednesday. \n \nFourth Shift: Tuesday through Saturday; Hours of work are Tuesday and \nWednesday from 10:45 p.m. to 6:45 a.m.; Thursday and Friday \nfrom 2:45 p.m. to 10:45 p.m.; and Saturday from 6:45 a.m. to 2:45 p.m. \n \nOvertime Scheduling Eligibility and Pay\n \n \nFor purposes of this MOU, the Sunday first-shift shall be an overtime shift staffed by rotating the \nfour (4) operating shifts each, one through four. The needed staff shall be scheduled with employees from that operating shift next in the rotation, beginning with the employee with the lowest overtime hour charges. \n - 199 -MOU #1992-06 (revised May 2008) \nCity/AFSCME \nDivision of Sewerage and Drainage \nPage 2 \n \n \n(A) Time and one-half will be paid to employees who normally work second, third and fourth shifts \nand double time will be paid to first-shift personnel providing that said employees have \naccumulated forty (40) straight-time hours in paid status during said employees regular workweek; in accordance with Article 16. \n \n(B) Sunday first-shift overtime shall be scheduled and posted on the prior Tuesday and all \npersonnel shall be charged the appropriate overtime hours when asked. Any overtime shift vacancies left unfilled from the scheduled shift shall be filled and administered per Article 16 of the Contract, and if possible, on Saturday morning prior to the Sunday overtime shift between \n6:45 a.m. and 9:00 a.m. \n \nDuration\n \n \nThis MOU may be terminated by either party giving to the other party thirty (30) days prior written notice, but shall not extend beyond March 31, 2011. \n \n \nFOR THE CITY: FOR THE UNION: \n \n _______________________________ ________________________________ \nChester C. Christie R. Sean Grayson \nHuman Resources Director General Counsel \n AFSCME, Ohio Council 8 \n _______________________________ ________________________________ \nD a t e D a t e \n _______________________________ ________________________________ Tatyana Arsh, P.E., Director Douglas C. Moore, President Department of Public Utilities AFSCME Local 1632 \n \n _______________________________ ________________________________ \nD a t e D a t e \n - 200 -MEMORANDUM OF UNDERSTAND ING #1991-01 (revised May 2008) \nBETWEEN AFSCME, OHIO COUNCIL 8, LOCAL 1632 \nAND THE CITY OF COLUMBUS \nDEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC UTILITIES \nDIVISION OF SEWERAGE AND DRAINAGE \n \nSOUTHWESTERLY COMPOSTING FACILITY \n \nThe parties hereby agree that this Memorandum of Understanding (hereinafter referred to as MOU) shall apply \nto employees of the Department of Public Utilities, Southwesterly Composting Facility, in the job classifications \nknown as Equipment Operator II, Plant Maintenance Mechanic and Auto Mechanic (Heavy) pursuant to a mutual agreement and desire to establish at the Facility a four (4) day per week, ten (10) hours per day work schedule for said classifications. Unless specifically amended by this MOU, all wages, hours and other terms \nand conditions of employment shall be administered in accordance with the Collective Bargaining Contract \n(hereinafter referred to as Contract): \nHours of Work\n \n \n(1) The normal workweek shall consist of four (4 ) ten (10) hour days that shall be worked as \nfollows: \n \nWorkgroup A 6 Equipment Operator II’s \nMonday - Friday 3 Plant Maintenance Mechanics \n1 Auto Mechanic (Heavy) \n \nWorkgroup B 4 Equipment Operator II’s Wednesday - Saturday \n \nWorkgroup C Equipment Operator II (New Hire) Sunday - Saturday \n \nThe number of Equipment Operator II’s in Workgroup A will be maintained at a level of not less than six (6) operators for the purpose of bidding work schedules only. This does not establish minimum staffing levels for the purpose of overtime. \n \n(2) All employees hired prior to the effective date of this MOU will have Sund ay as a day off. Group \nA will have Saturday and Sunday off with an additional weekday off, and Group B will have Sunday through Tuesday off. \n \n(3) The starting time for all employees will be 6:00 a.m. except for those performing duties as a \nsludge truck driver. The workday will end ten and one-half (10.5) hours after that starting time \n(ten work hours plus a 30 minute unpaid lunch). \n - 201 -MOU #1991-01 (revised May 2008) \nCity/AFSCME \nDivision of Sewerage and Drainage \nPage 2 \n \n \n(4) Equipment Operator II’s assigned sludge hauling duties will have their schedule determined by \nmanagement based upon operating conditions. The starting time will be one and one-half (1.5) \nhours earlier than 6:00 a.m.; and the employees will be given 24 hours notice of the early start. \nIf any employee is not given 24 hours notice of the early start, the employee may be paid for \ncall-back under the provisions of 26.5 of the Cont ract; or may elect to end the workday ten and \none-half (10.5) hours after starting time. \n \n(5) Equipment Operators II’s who desire to be part of the sludge hauling rotation, will notify \nmanagement of their desire to be part of the rotation. This will be on a voluntary basis. In the \nevent that no Equipment Operator volunteers, the duties of sludge hauling will be assigned to \nthe least senior Equipment Operator II qualified to drive the truck and scheduled to work. The \nrotation will be for a two (2)-week period per Equipment Operator II. This rotation will remain in effect for the duration of this MOU. \n \n(6) In the event that a vacancy occurs for any of the above work schedules, that vacancy shall be \nfilled in accordance with Article 13 of the Contract. (See attached schedule for the purpose of schedule implementation). \n \nOvertime Eligibility and Pay\n \n \nOvertime eligibility and pay shall be administered per Article 16 of the Contract. \n \nFor the purposes of this MOU, Sunday will be consider ed the double-time day for all employees not regularly \nscheduled to work Sunday (Group A and Group B). All other employees will have their second consecutive \nday-off as their double-time day (Group C), pursuant to Section 16.3(C). Vacation Leave\n \n Vacation leave and usage shall be administered in accordance with the provisions of Article 19 of the Contract. Any employee who requests and is granted a vacation day off for any day on which he is scheduled to work a ten (10) hour shift shall be charged ten (10) hours of vaca tion leave for said day off. For vacation leaves of \nless than one (1) full workday, an employee shall be charged in increments of one-tenth (1/10) hour for all time \noff during any ten (10) hour shift. \n - 202 -MOU #1991-01 (revised May 2008) \nCity/AFSCME \nDivision of Sewerage and Drainage \nPage 3 \n \nPersonal Business Day \n \nPersonal business day entitlement and usage shall be administered in accordance with the provisions of Article \n18 of the Contract. Employees will be required to supplement two (2) hours of vacation leave or compensatory time in order to be paid for a ten (10) hour workday. \nInjury Leave\n \n \nAny employee, who is working a ten (10) hour shift and is off work as a result of a job-related injury, shall be \nassigned to the first shift, Monday through Friday , for the duration of his/her injury leave. \n \nCompensatory Time \n An employee who requests and is granted compensatory time off for a day on which he/she is scheduled to \nwork a ten (10) hour shift shall be charged ten (10) hours of compensatory time for said day off. For compensatory time of less than one (1) full work day, an employee shall be charged in increments of not less \nthan one-tenth (1/10) hour for all time on compensatory time during any ten (10) hour shift. \n \nSick Leave Entitlement and Usage\n \n Sick leave entitlement and usage shall be administered in accordance with the provisions of Article 20 of the Contract. \n \nFor each ten (10) hours of regularly scheduled work from which an employee is absent due to illness, sick leave with pay shall be used at the rate of ten (10) hours. For sick leave of less than one (1) full work day, an employee shall be charged in increments of not less than one-tenth (1/10) hour for all time on sick leave during any ten (10) hour shift. \n \nNon-Participation\n \n \nEmployees, who are covered by this MOU, may elect to work an alternate five (5) eight (8) hour day schedule. \nThe schedule will be a five (5) consecutive eight (8) hour day from 7:00 a.m. to 3:30 p.m. with two days off to be determined by management. The employee will not be considered to be part of Workgroup A, may be \nscheduled to work on Saturday, and will have work assigne d daily as directed by management. After the initial \nbid, an employee may request non-participation due to an emergency or personal hardship. Management and \nthe Union will attempt to resolve the conflict through good faith discussions. \n - 203 -MOU #1991-01 (revised May 2008) \nCity/AFSCME \nDivision of Sewerage and Drainage \nPage 4 \n \n \nHoliday and Pay Schedule \n \nThe provisions contained in Article 17 of the Contract shall govern the eligibility and usage of holiday pay for \nthose covered herein, unless specifically changed hereunder. \n \nAny employee who does not work on a day on which a holiday is celebrated shall be paid ten (10) hours of straight-time hourly pay for said holiday. Any employee who is working a ten (10) hour shift and who works on a day celebrated as a holiday, shall be paid at the rate of time and one-half (1-1/2) for all hours worked, in addition to the holiday pay (which shall be \npaid at the straight-time hourly rate), unless the holiday falls on a double-time day in which case he shall be \ncompensated at the double-time rate in addition to his holiday pay in accordance with Articles 16 and 17. \n \nGroup A\n \n \n(1) When the holiday falls on Saturday, the holiday will be celebrated on the previous normal \nworkday. \n \n(2) When the holiday falls on Sunday, the holiday will be celebrated on the first normal workday of \nthe next week. \n \n(3) When the holiday falls on the day off during the week, the holiday will be celebrated on either \nthe day before or the day after. \n \nGroup B \n \n(1) When the holiday falls on the first day off, the holiday will be celebrated on the previous day \n(Saturday). \n \n(2) When the holiday falls on the second consecutive day off, the holiday will be celebrated on the \nprevious workday day. \n \n(3) When the holiday falls on the third day off, the holiday will be celebrated on the following day \n(Wednesday). \n - 204 -MOU #1991-01 (revised May 2008) \nCity/AFSCME \nDivision of Sewerage and Drainage \nPage 5 \n \n \nGroup C \n \n(1) When the holiday falls on the first day off, the holiday will be celebrated on the previous day. \n \n(2) When the holiday falls on the second consecutive day off, the holiday will be celebrated on the \nfollowing day. \n \n(3) When the holiday falls on the third day off, the holiday will be celebrated on the following day. \n \n Duration\n \n This MOU may be terminated by either party giving the ot her party thirty (30) days prior written notice of \ntermination, but shall not extend beyond March 31, 2011. \n \n \nFOR THE CITY: FOR THE UNION: \n \n _____________________________ _______________________________ Chester C. Christie R. Sean Grayson \nHuman Resources Director General Counsel \nAFSCME, Ohio Council 8 \n \n_______________________________ ________________________________ \nD a t e D a t e \n \n _______________________________ ________________________________ Tatyana Arsh, P.E., Director Douglas C. Moore, President Department of Public Utilities AFSCME Local 1632 \n_______________________________ ________________________________ \nD a t e D a t e \n - 205 -MEMORANDUM OF UNDERSTAND ING #1989-02 (revised May 2008) \nBETWEEN AFSCME, OHIO COUNCIL 8, LOCAL 1632 \nAND THE CITY OF COLUMBUS \nDEPARTMENT OF DEVELOPMENT, DIVISION OF NEIGHBORHOOD SERVICES \n \nRegarding Work Schedules \n \n \nThe City of Columbus and AFSCME, Ohio Council 8, Lo cal 1632 hereby agree that the following provisions \nshall be enacted for employees classified as Community Relations Representatives working in the Department \nof Development, Division of Neighborhood Services. Un less specifically amended by the Memorandum of \nUnderstanding (hereinafter referred to as MOU), all wages, hours, and other terms and conditions of employment shall be administered in accordance with the Collective Bargaining Contract (hereinafter referred to as Contract). \n \nHours of Work\n \n \nSaid employees shall henceforth work forty (40) hours within a five (5) day period. \nOvertime/Compensatory Time Eligibility\n \n \n(A) Time and one-half will be paid for hours in excess of forty (40) straight-time hours in paid status \nduring said employee’s work week in accordance with Article 16. \n (B) Time and one-half will be paid for time worked on an employee’s first regularly scheduled day \noff, providing that said employee has accumulated forty (40) straight-time rate hours in paid status during said employee’s work week in accordance with Article 16. \n (C) For purposes of the agreement, Sunday shall be considered the second consecutive day off for \nwhich double-time will be paid for any employee who, on that day, is in an overtime situation, \nproviding that said employee has accumulated fort y (40) straight-time rate hours in paid status \nin accordance with Article 16. \n - 206 -MOU #1989-02 (revised May 2008) \nDepartment of Development \nPage 2 \n \n \nDuration \n \nThis MOU may be terminated by either party giving the ot her party thirty (30) days prior written notice of \ntermination, but shall not extend beyond March 31, 2011. \n \n \nFOR THE CITY: FOR THE UNION: \n \n__________________________ ________________________________ \nChester C. Christie R. Sean Grayson \nHuman Resources Director General Counsel \nAFSCME, Ohio Council 8 \n \n__________________________ ________________________________ D a t e D a t e \n \n__________________________ ________________________________ Boyce Safford III, Director Douglas C. Moore, President Department of Development AFSCME Local 1632 \n \n__________________________ ________________________________ \nD a t e D a t e \n - 207 -MEMORANDUM OF UNDERSTAND ING #1987-04 (revised May 2008) \nBETWEEN AFSCME, OHIO COUNCIL 8, LOCAL 1632 \nAND \nCITY OF COLUMBUS \nDEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC UTILITIES \n \nDIVISION OF POWER AND WATER (POWER) \nDISTRIBUTION SECTION \n \n \nThe parties hereby agree to the following provisions being enacted for employees of the Department of Public \nUtilities, Division of Power and Water (Power), Distribution Section in the job classifications known as \nAutomotive Mechanic (Heavy), Automotive Mechanic Supervisor I, Power Line Worker Supervisor I, Power \nLine Worker II, Power Line Worker I, Laborer, Cable Worker Supervisor I, Cable Worker II, Cable Worker I, \nPower Line Cable Worker Trainee, Electric Metering Supervisor I, Utility Service Technician II, Storekeeper, \nSenior Storekeeper, Office Assistant II, Substation Maintenance Technician and Substation Maintenance Supervisor. This agreement does not include any shift workers. \nHOURS OF WORK\n \n \nThe schedule for the aforementioned classifications shall be four (4) work days of ten (10) hours per day and \nthree (3) consecutive days off (per attached schedule). The shift will begin at 6:15 a.m. and conclude at 4:45 p.m. There shall be one (1) straight ten (10) hour shift in each twenty-four (24) hour period. \nDISABILITY LEAVE PROCEDURES\n \n \nAll full-time non-seasonal employees working ten (10) hour shifts shall be eligible to participate in the City’s disability leave program as provided in Article 21 of the Collective Bargaining Contract (hereinafter referred to \nas Contract), provided however that any ten (10) hour employee deemed to be on said disability leave program \nshall receive a payment of 81% of said employee’s gross wage under the following formula: \n \n(1) The employee’s gross wages shall be computed on a forty (40) hour workweek for each \nfull week in which an employee is off work. \n \n(2) The employee shall receive a payment of 81% of his gross wage based upon said (40) \nhour workweek for each full week in which an employee is off work. \n \n(3) For any partial week in which an employ ee is on the disability leave program, said \nemployee shall receive a payment of 81% of his gross wages, under the above-noted \nformula, pro-rated to the numbers of hours said employee is off work during his regularly \nscheduled workweek. \n \n - 208 -MOU #1987-04 (revised May 2008) \nCity/AFSCME \nDivision of Power and Water (Power) \nPage 2 \n \n \nHOLIDAY SCHEDULE \n In accordance with Article 17, if the holiday falls on the first regularly scheduled day off (hereinafter referred to as RDO), the holiday shall be observed on the previous day . If the holiday falls on the third RDO, the holiday \nwill be observed on the following day. If the holiday falls on the middle day off for “Crew A” the holiday will be observed on the following Monday; if the holiday falls on the middle day off for “Crew B” the holiday will be observed on the preceding Friday. \n \nOVERTIME PAY\n \n \n(A) Overtime pay will be administered pursuant to Article 16 of the Contract. \n \n(B) For purposes of this Memorandum of Understanding (hereinafter referred to as MOU), Sundays \nwill be double-time pay for each employee involved. \n VACATION LEAVE\n \n \n(A) An employee’s vacation leave accrual and/or us age shall be in accordance with the provisions \ncontained in Article 19 of the Contract. \n \n(B) Any employee who requests and is granted a vacation day off for any day on which he is \nscheduled to work a ten (10) hour shift shall be charged ten \n (10) hours of vacation pay for said day off. For vacation leave of less than one (1) full work day, \nan employee shall be charged in increments of not less than one-tenth (1/10) hour for all time \non vacation during any ten (10) hour shift. \n \nSICK LEAVE ENTITLEMENT AND USAGE \n \n(A) Sick leave entitlement and usage shall be administer ed for employees on ten (10) hour shifts in \naccordance with the provisions contained in Article 20 of the Contract. \n \n(B) For each ten (10) hours of regular scheduled work from which an employee is absent, sick leave \nwith pay shall be used at the rate of ten (10) hours. For sick leave of less than one (1) full work \nday, an employee shall be charged increments of not less than one-tenth (1/10) hour for all time on sick leave during any ten (10) hour shift. \n \n \n - 209 -MOU #1987-04 (revised May 2008) \nCity/AFSCME \nDivision of Power and Water (Power) \nPage 3 \n \nPERSONAL BUSINESS DAY \n \nPersonal business day entitlement and usage shall be administered in accordance with the provisions of Article \n18 of the Contract. Employees will be required to supplement two (2) hours of vacation leave or compensatory time in order to be paid for a ten (10) hour workday. \nINJURY LEAVE\n \n \nAny employee who is working a ten (10) hour shift and is off work as a result of a job-related injury, shall be \nassigned to the first shift, Monday through Friday, for the duration of his/her injury leave. \n \nCOMPENSATORY TIME \n An employee who requests and is granted compensatory time off for a day on which he/she is scheduled to \nwork a ten (10) hour shift shall be charged ten (10) hours of compensatory time for said day off. For compensatory time of less than one (1) full work day, an employee shall be charged in increments of not less \nthan one-tenth (1/10) hour for all time on compensatory time during any ten (10) hour shift. \nSCHEDULING\n \n \nAll employees will either be on “A” or “B” Shift. \n \n \nCREW A C R E W B \n \nS M T W T F S S M T W T F S \noff on on on on off off off off on on on on off \n \nHoliday on Saturday Holiday on Sunday observed on Monday. observed preceding Friday. \n \n - 210 -MOU #1987-04 (revised May 2008) \nCity/AFSCME \nDivision of Power and Water (Power) \nPage 4 \n \n \nDURATION \n \nThis MOU may be terminated by either party giving to the other party thirty (30) days prior written notice, but shall not extend beyond March 31, 2011. \n \nFOR THE CITY: FOR THE UNION: \n \n _______________________________ _______________________________ Chester C. Christie R. Sean Grayson \nHuman Resources Director General Counsel \n AFSCME, Ohio Council 8 \n \n_______________________________ _______________________________ D a t e D a t e \n \n _______________________________ _______________________________ Tatyana Arsh, P.E., Director Douglas C. Moore, President Department of Public Utilities AFSCME Local 1632 \n______________________________ _______________________________ \nD a t e D a t e \n - 211 - \n \n \n \n \nAPPENDIX C - SIDE LETTERS \n \n - 212 - \n \n \nSIDE LETTER #1 IS INTENTIONALLY OMITTED AS THE TERMS OF THE LETTER HAVE BEEN \nRESOLVED \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n - 213 - \nSIDE LETTER #2 \n \n \nMay 1, 2008 \n Mr. R. Sean Grayson \nChief Negotiator \nAFSCME, Ohio Council 8 \n6800 North High Street \nWorthington, Ohio 43085-2512 \n \nDear Sean: \n The purpose of this letter is to confirm our recent conversation on the subject matter listed below. Whenever reasonable, safe, and/feasible, and subject to operational needs, members of the same \nclassification within the same work unit will be crossed trained on the specifics of one another’s jobs. \n If you have any questions about this letter, please call. Please sign in the space provided below if the foregoing reflects the agreement of the parties. \nSincerely, \n Ronald G. Linville \nChief Negotiator \nCity of Columbus \n \n Agreed on behalf of AFSCME Local 1632: \n \n __________________________________ R. Sean Grayson Chief Negotiator \n - 214 - \n \n \nSIDE LETTER #3 \n \n \nMay 1, 2008 \n \n \n \n Mr. R. Sean Grayson \nChief Negotiator \nAFSCME, Ohio Council 8 6800 North High Street Worthington, Ohio 43085-2512 \nDear Sean: \n This letter affirms the agreement reached between the City of Columbus, Columbus Board of Health and AFSCME, Locals 1632 regarding matters of conflict between an employee and his/her supervisor. The parties agreed to the merits of involving the prof essional services of EAP, on a case-by-case basis, \nto resolve such conflict. The Union President shall discuss the case with the Department Human \nResources Officer in the affected department and thereafter the Department Human Resources Officer \nwill schedule intervention with EAP, if necessary. Please sign in the space provided below if the foregoing reflects the agreement of the parties. \nSincerely, \n \nRonald G. Linville \nChief Negotiator \nCity of Columbus \n Agreed on behalf of AFSCME Local 1632: \n \n__________________________________ R. Sean Grayson Chief Negotiator \n \n - 215 - \n \n \nSIDE LETTER #4 \n \nMay 1, 2008 \n \n \n \n Mr. R. Sean Grayson \nChief Negotiator \nAFSCME, Ohio Council 8 6800 North High Street Worthington, Ohio 43085-2512 \nDear Sean: \n \nThis letter will serve as a follow-up to our conversation. It is the intention of the City that persons performing work are qualified to do so. \nConcerns about bargaining work are appropriate subjects for discussion between the City and \nAFSCME 1632. If you have any questions about this letter, please call. \nPlease sign in the space provided below if the foregoing reflects the agreement of the parties. \n Sincerely, \n \n \nRonald G. Linville \nChief Negotiator City of Columbus \nAgreed on behalf of AFSCME Local 1632: \n __________________________________ R. Sean Grayson Chief Negotiator \n - 216 - \n \nSIDE LETTER #5 \n May 1, 2008 \n \n \n \nMr. R. Sean Grayson Chief Negotiator \nAFSCME, Ohio Council 8 \n6800 North High Street Worthington, Ohio 43085-2512 Dear Sean: \n \nThe purpose of this letter is to clarify two matters that arose during recent discussions. 1. It is the understanding of the City that joint committees formed with AFSCME Local 1632 will include representatives of Local 2191, where appropriate. \n2. The Joint Health and Safety Committee listed in the 1632 contract and the 2191 contract, or a \nsuccessor committee, shall include an identified sub-committee of persons from the Health Department and Local 2191. I hope these understandings clarify and record our conversations and understandings. \n \nPlease sign in the space provided below if the foregoing reflects the agreement of the parties. Sincerely, \n \n \n \nRonald G. Linville Chief Negotiator City of Columbus \n \nAgreed on behalf of AFSCME Locals 1632 and 2191: __________________________________ R. Sean Grayson \nChief Negotiator \n \n \n - 217 - \n \n \n \nSIDE LETTER #6 IS INTENTIONALLY OMITTED AS THE TERMS OF THE LETTER HAVE BEEN \nSATISFIED \n \n \n - 218 - \n \n \nSIDE LETTER #7 \n \n \n \nJune 3, 2008 \n \nMr. R. Sean Grayson \nChief Negotiator \nOhio Council 8 \n6800 North High Street \nWorthington, Ohio 43085 \n \nDear Sean: The purpose of this letter is to confirm agreements between the City of Columbus and AFSCME Local \n1632. \n \nThe parties agree to continue research and work to undertake a comprehensive review of the current \npay plan. By agreeing to continue the review efforts, the Union is not agreeing to reopen negotiations, pursuant to Section 32.3 of the current collective bar gaining agreement, nor to modify or amend Article \n26 of the Agreement. Implementation of any alternat ive pay plan or any modification to the current pay \nplan shall only occur upon reaching mutual agreement and upon the execution, ratification and adoption of a memorandum of understanding by the parties amending Article 26 of the Agreement. Also, the parties agree to research and discuss a bi-lingual supplemental premium pay based on time \nworked. Also, the method for certification or testing will be determined. \nSincerely, \n \nRonald G. Linville \nChief Negotiator \n \nAgreed on behalf of AFSCME Local 1632 : \n _________________________________ R. Sean Grayson \nAFSCME Chief Negotiator \n - 219 - \n \n \nSIDE LETTER #8 \n \n \n \nMay 1, 2008 \n \n \n \n \nMr. R. Sean Grayson \nChief Negotiator \nOhio Council 8 \n6800 North High Street \nWorthington, Ohio 43085 \n \nDear Sean: \n \nThis letter confirms and memorializes the agreement reached between the City of Columbus and AFSCME, Ohio Council 8, Local 1632 regarding the pending call-back grievance/arbitration award.\n \n \nThe parties agree to resolve the pending litigation on the arbitration award issued by Arbitrator Dwight Washington on December 15, 2006; specifically the City will pay $4,396.34 based on information \nprovided by Local 1632 during negotiations. The City and Local 1632 shall cause the dismissal with prejudice of their respective actions in Case No. 07CVH0-03-3768, Court of Common Pleas, Franklin \nCounty, Ohio. Payment will be made following City Council’s acceptance of the 2008-2011 Collective Bargaining Contract.\n \n \nSincerely, \n \n \n \nRonald G. Linville \nChief Negotiator \n \n \n \nAgreed on behalf of AFSCME Local 1632: \n \n \n_________________________________ \nR. Sean Grayson \nAFSCME Chief Negotiator \n \n \n \n - 220 - \n \n \n \n \nAPPENDIX D - FORMS \n - 221 -LOCAL 1632 Check One: ___Chief Steward \n ______ __Steward \nCITY OF COLUMBUS \nAFSCME CHIEF STEWARD/STEWARD \nREQUEST FOR LEAVE FOR UNION BUSINESS \n \nNAME:___________________________ DATE:_________________ \n \nIf you are a Floating Chief Steward, provide the name of the Chief Steward you are replacing. \n__________________________________________________________________________________ \n \nIn accordance with Article 6 of the contract, this completed document shall act as notification of and a request for \nauthorization to absent myself from my regular job duties or worksite to conduct the Union business described below. \n(Stewards are reminded they are not to leav e the worksite to conduct Union business). \n \n Expected Expected Destination \nDate:_____________ Start ______ AM/PM Endi ng _______ AM/PM & Phone #________________ \n \nFOR THE PURPOSE OF: \n \n___ Steward Training ___ QWL Division ____ Department ____ \n \n___ Employee Contact \n ___ Answer Telephone Inquiry ___ Management Inquiry by_____________________ \n \n___ Complaint Investigation Issue:___________________________________________________ \nResolved? Yes___ No___If no, Grievance No. assigned__________ ___ Representative of employee under investigation ___ Disciplinary Hearing \n \n___ Grievance Hearing Grievance No.____________ ____Step 1 ___Step 2 \n \n___ Other__________________________________________________________________________ \n \n___ Check here if this form is submitted to document the cumulative time spent today responding to short phone inquiries or in-person conversations initiated by others. All other situations require prior approval of the \nsupervisor. \n \n____________________________________ ________________________ Chief Steward/Steward's Signature Date \n \n____________________________________ ________________________ \nDesignated Management Representative Date \n \nChief Steward/ \nActual Hours Charged Steward’s Designated Management Rep. \nto Union Leave _____ Initials___________ Initials_______ \n \nOriginal: Immediate Supervis or forwards to Payroll \nCopy to: Union Representative \nCity of Columbus \nNotice to AFSCME \nSummary of Investigation \n \n \n \nEmployee: _________________________ Classification:___________________________ \n \nDivision: _________________________ Department: ____________________________ \n \nDate management acquired knowledge: ______________ \n \nDate Investigation was completed: ______________ \n \n \nAlleged incident: ___________________________________________________________ \n \n___________________________________________________________________________ \n \nThe following action is being taken with regards to this incident: \n \n ____ The Appointing Authority intends to end the investigation with no further \naction. \n \n ____ Counseling, which may be oral or written and is not \n considered disciplinary action. \n \n ____ Issuance of an Oral Reprimand \n \n ____ Issuance of an Written Reprimand \n \n ____ The Appointing Authority intends to bring disciplinary \n charges against this employee. \n \n \n \n_______________________________ ____________________ ____________ \nManagement Designee Title Date \n \n \nDistribution: \nOriginal: AFSCME \nCopy: Investigative Package \n \n - 222 - City of Columbus \nAFSCME Disciplinary Reprimand Form \n \n \n_______________ Oral Reprimand __________ Written Reprimand \n \nEmployee: _____________________ Classification: _____________________ \n \nDivision: ______________________ Department: ___________________________ \n \nS. S. #: __________________________ \n \n \nViolation of Central Work Rule # ______________________________________________ \n \nViolation of Dept./Division Policies (if applicable):________________________________ \n \n__________________________________________________________________________ \n \nOn _______________ (date of occurrence), this employee engaged in conduct which violated the above \nlisted rules and/or policies. The following is a brief explanation of the violation: \n \n____________________________________________________________________________ \n \n________________________ _____________________ __________________ _____________ \n \n________________________ _____________________ __________________ _____________ \n \n________________________ _________________ _______________________ \nAppointing Authority or Designee Date \n \n - 223 - \n \nOn this date, __________, I issued and reviewed the contents of this document with the named \nemployee. \n \n________________________ _________________ _______________________ \nSupervisor Signature Date \n \n_________________________________________ _______________________ \nEmployee Signature Date \nDistribution: \nOriginal: Human Resources Unit \nCopy: Employee AFSCME BARGAINING UNIT \nSCHEDULE CHANGE APPROVAL FORM \n \n16.2(A)(1) In situations where the City believes that alternate or flexible work schedules, different from those set forth in \nSection 16.1 above, are needed for operational efficiency and effectiveness, the City will give the Union President and \nChief Steward for the Department (where applicable) writt en notice of the proposed work schedule and a list of those job \nclassification(s)/position assignment(s) affected at least fourteen (14) days in advance of any proposed change(s). If the Union wants to bargain about the proposed change(s), one repr esentative from the City’s Labor Relations Section and \ntwo representatives from the Department involved shall meet with the Union President, Regional Director or designee and \nChief Steward in the affected Department (where applicable), to negotiate the proposed schedule changes as well as the \nimpact of such change(s) on matters such as holidays, sick l eave, vacation leave, etc. In the absence of an agreement \nbeing reached within the fourteen (14)-day period, the City may, at the end of t he fourteen (14)-day pe riod, implement its \nproposed work schedule. \n \n16.2(A)(3) The process set forth in this Section 16.2(A) applies only to changes in work schedules or shifts that are of a \npermanent nature. “Permanent nature” is defined for purposes of this Section 16. 2 to be periods of ninety (90) days or \nlonger. No changes shall be made to work schedules or shifts unless they are of a permane nt nature, except as provided \nelsewhere in this Article 16. \n ___________________ ______________________ __________________________ \nDepartment Division Affected Operating Unit \n \nProposed Work Schedule
Attached \n \nJob Classes/Positions Involved and No. of Affected Employees
Attached \n Justification for Proposed Schedule Change \n(Operational Efficiency and Effectiveness)
Attached \n Impact on Holidays, Sick, Vacati on, Disability, Etc.
Attached \n \nDate of Proposed Change ___________________________ \n _________________________________________ ____________________________________ \nSignature of Originator Date \n \nOriginator to Forward for Approval to: \n_________________________________________ ____________________________________ \nD i v i s i o n A d m i n i s t r a t o r D a t e _________________________________________ ____________________________________ \nSignature of Department Representative Phone \n________________________________ ____________________________________ \nSignature of Department Representative Phone \n________________________________ ____________________________________ Department Director Date \n \nDirector to Forward to Labor Relations Manager: \n________________________________ \n \nDate Received by Labor Relations Manager: ____________________________________ \nDate Notice Forwarded to AFSCME: ____________________________________ \n \n \n \n - 224 -"
} |
[
-0.020604243502020836,
-0.029402846470475197,
-0.04273635149002075,
0.0066238450817763805,
-0.04000186547636986,
0.022407060489058495,
-0.045819252729415894,
0.07170653343200684,
-0.046090833842754364,
0.07836440205574036,
0.06369341164827347,
-0.014155380427837372,
0.03278558328747749,
0.0031280750408768654,
0.02099255658686161,
-0.004790755454450846,
-0.002778558526188135,
-0.006359464954584837,
-0.05218832567334175,
0.06951094418764114,
0.04618649557232857,
-0.04069118574261665,
-0.03936351090669632,
-0.07801137864589691,
0.015935365110635757,
0.011757873930037022,
-0.03629195690155029,
0.024194631725549698,
-0.021923139691352844,
-0.014102679677307606,
0.028144311159849167,
0.032953087240457535,
0.03859420120716095,
-0.05279450863599777,
0.12402784079313278,
0.004976158030331135,
0.0032088400330394506,
-0.041341330856084824,
-0.0091484896838665,
0.03693949431180954,
-0.026388736441731453,
-0.06717811524868011,
-0.05795176699757576,
-0.012994572520256042,
-0.008633690886199474,
0.00824175775051117,
-0.024621572345495224,
0.02852226048707962,
0.024213947355747223,
-0.002641415223479271,
-0.016696777194738388,
0.06513778120279312,
0.005756399128586054,
-0.0030028684996068478,
-0.018085287883877754,
-0.06974976509809494,
0.060939986258745193,
-0.022671250626444817,
-0.02155466377735138,
-0.06947271525859833,
-0.03945320099592209,
-0.002721191383898258,
-0.035113945603370667,
0.007166767958551645,
0.050789691507816315,
-0.01677546091377735,
-0.05399679020047188,
-0.1126597672700882,
0.07662183791399002,
-0.11440473794937134,
0.05553377419710159,
-0.014757072553038597,
0.013452291488647461,
-0.04996252432465553,
0.011629550717771053,
0.005718310363590717,
0.09270332753658295,
0.07023849338293076,
0.10788051784038544,
-0.056090034544467926,
0.0727531835436821,
-0.007013082969933748,
-0.021112648770213127,
-0.03418031707406044,
-0.04878873750567436,
-0.017959080636501312,
0.0562901496887207,
-0.01243678480386734,
0.08309263736009598,
0.009636808186769485,
0.06188119947910309,
0.011035284027457237,
-0.0993671789765358,
-0.0039069983176887035,
0.026020552963018417,
-0.01029186975210905,
-0.05513712391257286,
0.07915086299180984,
-0.02264740876853466,
0.06770303100347519,
0.035453103482723236,
-0.004561023786664009,
-0.06174952909350395,
-0.02378665842115879,
-0.09289545565843582,
-0.024669846519827843,
0.02151557058095932,
0.06217506527900696,
-0.043365977704524994,
-0.02720067650079727,
-0.062174227088689804,
-0.03406659513711929,
-0.05602526664733887,
-0.03561034053564072,
0.009348824620246887,
-0.04284382611513138,
-0.06965681165456772,
-0.04854001849889755,
0.016435531899333,
-0.008425780571997166,
0.06909625977277756,
-0.0321616604924202,
-0.10869501531124115,
-0.020105082541704178,
-0.02514570578932762,
0.025894485414028168,
-0.018564965575933456,
2.3499358995166198e-32,
-0.06425841152667999,
-0.0466337688267231,
-0.004281144123524427,
-0.10907833278179169,
0.03983794152736664,
0.012253646738827229,
-0.04382731765508652,
0.010120399296283722,
-0.01590736396610737,
-0.0129611911252141,
-0.018198048695921898,
-0.034269753843545914,
-0.05408082529902458,
-0.0859566256403923,
-0.05825851857662201,
-0.1304541677236557,
0.053921230137348175,
0.04986998066306114,
-0.07130385935306549,
-0.014339949004352093,
0.025174545124173164,
0.014044067822396755,
0.043055083602666855,
-0.04072553291916847,
0.006313992664217949,
0.05463334918022156,
-0.008440650999546051,
0.01725730672478676,
0.09137003868818283,
0.06575840711593628,
0.0045958575792610645,
-0.01842767558991909,
0.008832314051687717,
0.014042274095118046,
-0.08396484702825546,
-0.009542182087898254,
-0.06586137413978577,
-0.0819026529788971,
-0.0867706686258316,
-0.03681503236293793,
-0.05898451432585716,
0.09537434577941895,
0.03517141193151474,
0.05114752799272537,
0.0006406645406968892,
0.03298671916127205,
0.057519879192113876,
0.03369225561618805,
-0.021848447620868683,
0.02455599047243595,
-0.054500263184309006,
0.011171838268637657,
-0.055988579988479614,
0.004033212549984455,
-0.04658544436097145,
-0.04921245202422142,
-0.02743982896208763,
-0.07447314262390137,
0.027328526601195335,
-0.014874081127345562,
-0.023845383897423744,
0.11662895232439041,
-0.009277584962546825,
-0.035260748118162155,
-0.08639812469482422,
-0.0839087963104248,
-0.050102658569812775,
0.045679595321416855,
0.08814995735883713,
0.057937752455472946,
0.03148767352104187,
-0.017101235687732697,
-0.0028727902099490166,
0.004141365643590689,
0.031385377049446106,
-0.013120538555085659,
0.13225220143795013,
0.10193482041358948,
0.09600786864757538,
-0.0743974968791008,
-0.012711896561086178,
0.010804564692080021,
0.018280163407325745,
-0.06612188369035721,
0.00632063765078783,
-0.004815638065338135,
-0.011276263743638992,
-0.03934313729405403,
0.013031714595854282,
0.031067317351698875,
-0.032998744398355484,
-0.011005526408553123,
0.014015702530741692,
0.048614900559186935,
0.038611896336078644,
-2.269660067867821e-32,
-0.015817653387784958,
0.01953480765223503,
-0.006468754727393389,
-0.015462443232536316,
0.0005830728332512081,
-0.018036969006061554,
-0.021534577012062073,
0.009897889569401741,
0.11708586663007736,
0.00030861535924486816,
-0.07267365604639053,
0.01609913632273674,
0.06728028506040573,
0.025535494089126587,
-0.009165766648948193,
0.003157165367156267,
0.09232141822576523,
0.003464337671175599,
-0.015429954044520855,
0.08943215757608414,
-0.030212363228201866,
0.07252853363752365,
-0.010023843497037888,
0.018141785636544228,
-0.037076983600854874,
0.06071864441037178,
-0.016094446182250977,
-0.03953288495540619,
-0.023570653051137924,
0.00047411653213202953,
-0.025551222264766693,
-0.12050031125545502,
-0.11034118384122849,
0.13274288177490234,
-0.04123694822192192,
-0.08560758829116821,
0.11746401339769363,
0.008606764487922192,
0.004126107320189476,
0.04926883801817894,
0.08252190798521042,
0.0422617569565773,
-0.015008044429123402,
0.05668926611542702,
0.036570459604263306,
-0.03496360406279564,
-0.006306160241365433,
-0.0625658854842186,
0.1098720133304596,
-0.0073890239000320435,
-0.07342645525932312,
0.060844067484140396,
-0.03445834293961525,
0.03069709613919258,
-0.08342364430427551,
0.019021013751626015,
0.05896288529038429,
0.013166824355721474,
-0.10734878480434418,
0.039755355566740036,
0.04677164554595947,
0.109759122133255,
-0.02868781052529812,
0.06602020561695099,
0.07994985580444336,
-0.03750757873058319,
-0.050980325788259506,
-0.0962262898683548,
-0.02843497134745121,
-0.051526546478271484,
-0.01172367762774229,
-0.08920855820178986,
-0.00812876783311367,
-0.056313756853342056,
0.030737699940800667,
-0.003406354459002614,
-0.007109781727194786,
0.0007012119749560952,
0.02885453961789608,
0.07632114738225937,
0.0009273423347622156,
0.006470701191574335,
-0.041886016726493835,
-0.014063102193176746,
-0.03687290847301483,
-0.006124585401266813,
0.1120704784989357,
-0.037461135536432266,
-0.04107142239809036,
0.04658418521285057,
-0.09308812767267227,
-0.0002145309408660978,
0.05458950996398926,
0.036273397505283356,
0.039659518748521805,
-8.69283951487887e-8,
0.011240963824093342,
0.050578005611896515,
0.026571985334157944,
0.06659334897994995,
0.06483826041221619,
-0.13680581748485565,
-0.05385924130678177,
-0.024711957201361656,
0.001256869058124721,
0.059199340641498566,
-0.0014054771745577455,
0.060295216739177704,
-0.07416409999132156,
-0.06360984593629837,
-0.04918668791651726,
-0.04391541704535484,
-0.039456047117710114,
-0.003318292321637273,
-0.061276741325855255,
-0.010540387593209743,
0.004186870995908976,
0.009482968598604202,
-0.0417158417403698,
0.0874563679099083,
-0.04886690899729729,
0.06830310076475143,
0.024048682302236557,
0.005868969950824976,
-0.0034232649486511946,
0.05119413137435913,
-0.07250765711069107,
0.01042529009282589,
-0.030756551772356033,
-0.045897264033555984,
0.01703362539410591,
0.006763110868632793,
-0.015819493681192398,
0.06406232714653015,
0.04409060254693031,
-0.03938796743750572,
0.02687954343855381,
-0.07295484095811844,
0.06431035697460175,
0.017335528507828712,
0.0964503139257431,
0.044127922505140305,
-0.11478656530380249,
0.029095375910401344,
-0.019997399300336838,
-0.059512943029403687,
-0.021313536912202835,
0.029932504519820213,
-0.04550701379776001,
0.012911995872855186,
0.0606747567653656,
-0.03136410936713219,
0.0109267458319664,
0.0055214897729456425,
-0.09530718624591827,
0.025534192100167274,
0.015967566519975662,
-0.08361511677503586,
0.022827649489045143,
-0.01999887451529503
] | {
"pdf_file": "ZZLARWOCNXAHCS25AGWDA2UPFRV3G6TU.pdf",
"text": "DDDDDooooonnnnnaaaaald Pld Pld Pld Pld P ricericericericerice\nMMMMMeeeeedddddiiiiiuuuuum Sm Sm Sm Sm S eeeeecucucucucuriririririttttty Fy Fy Fy Fy Facacacacacilililililiiiiitttttyyyyy\nDDDDDaaaaavvvvvid Mid Mid Mid Mid M cccccCCCCCaaaaauuuuuleleleleleyyyyy, Wa r d e n\nSSSSSeeeeergrgrgrgrgio Dio Dio Dio Dio D eSeSeSeSeSououououousasasasasarrrrrosaosaosaosaosa,,,,, Deputy W arden\nOpened: 1932 (as reformatory for men)\nClosed: 1992 (due to opening of John J. Moran Facility)\nReopened: 1997 (as Donald Price Facility)\nAverage Facility Population: 345 (FY’09)\nOperational Facility Capacity (FY ’09): 324\nAnnual Cost Per Offender (FY ’09):$53,255\n An aerial view of the Price Facility\nThe Donald Price Facility was\nconstructed in 1929 and openedin 1932. It was originallydesigned and first used to houseyouthful offenders. Thebuilding closed in 1992 whenthe John J. Moran MediumSecurity Facility was built andwas reopened as the DonaldPrice Medium Security Facility\nfor sentenced males in 1997. It is named for Correctional OfficerDonald Price, killed in the line of duty in 1973.\nMISSION STATEMENT\nT o provide clean, safe, secure, and\nhumane housing for inmatesassigned by the Department ofCorrections’ Classificationprocess.\nThrough staff interaction and\nprogramming, to provideopportunities for inmates todevelop usable skills in order toexplore their own potential for becoming law-abidingproductive citizens of the community.\nT o screen the behavior of inmates, to allow for further classification\nto more appropriate levels of confinement consistent withpublic safety.\nThrough team effort and continuous training, to achieve a high\nlevel of professionalism which will allow staff to be moreeffective role models in their interactions with inmates.AVA I L A B L E PROGRAMS\nAcademicAdult BasicEducation (ABE),General EducationDevelopment(GED), ComputerLiteracy, SpecialEducation, Title IRemedial Reading &Math, PostSecondary Program/CCRI, College CLEP T esting\nV ocational/Industrial\nCarpentry Shop\nT reatment/Rehabilitative\nParenting education, religious services, Anger Managementclass, Spanish and English Spectrum (drug treatment)Program, domestic violence counseling, AlcoholicsAnonymous, Narcotics Anonymou s, health education, art,\nAmer I Can program.\nGuest speaker Andres Idarraga addresses\ninmates receiving degrees and certificates in theJune 2008 Recognition Ceremony held by theEducation Unit.\nMany inmates take advantage ofeducational opportunities in thefacility."
} |
[
-0.07327526807785034,
-0.04018248990178108,
-0.027100779116153717,
-0.042676303535699844,
-0.07743038237094879,
-0.02127121575176716,
-0.025764958932995796,
0.05028611794114113,
-0.08857778459787369,
-0.0025329519994556904,
-0.038730137050151825,
-0.043799180537462234,
0.0788365826010704,
-0.015310696326196194,
-0.1162964254617691,
0.051118433475494385,
0.0605488084256649,
0.03948124498128891,
0.01746867597103119,
0.0006535875145345926,
-0.07353243231773376,
0.022684257477521896,
-0.020861497148871422,
0.00401487248018384,
0.036050766706466675,
-0.014223315753042698,
-0.08839351683855057,
0.03487474471330643,
-0.02973548322916031,
-0.05869698524475098,
0.008862277492880821,
0.000060113448853371665,
-0.0022751321084797382,
-0.038603127002716064,
0.0786256343126297,
0.08772987127304077,
0.02805919013917446,
0.0571148656308651,
-0.006685902364552021,
0.04166965186595917,
0.04087734967470169,
-0.030661875382065773,
0.0076010506600141525,
-0.042150139808654785,
-0.020989518612623215,
0.05189482495188713,
0.008241197094321251,
-0.006542881950736046,
0.06761005520820618,
0.025353653356432915,
0.014182161539793015,
-0.06164263188838959,
0.049143724143505096,
0.012829244136810303,
0.007538831327110529,
-0.019316943362355232,
-0.1155184805393219,
0.022047489881515503,
-0.05248701572418213,
0.07943014055490494,
0.044273022562265396,
0.05818901211023331,
-0.06008046120405197,
-0.03306244686245918,
0.044523198157548904,
0.03677662834525108,
-0.06313880532979965,
-0.028293652459979057,
-0.10213813185691833,
-0.06380399316549301,
0.07593226432800293,
-0.09016541391611099,
-0.11576879769563675,
-0.04632173851132393,
0.013462457805871964,
0.021078072488307953,
0.07834411412477493,
0.05927905812859535,
0.023031191900372505,
-0.09435378760099411,
-0.03075023926794529,
-0.012222114950418472,
0.04519651457667351,
-0.06370304524898529,
-0.04119856283068657,
0.009904303587973118,
0.010350659489631653,
0.0424378328025341,
0.09839428961277008,
0.012024757452309132,
0.09785400331020355,
0.05503644421696663,
-0.08597324043512344,
-0.023207304999232292,
0.04893701151013374,
0.05827072262763977,
-0.03486848622560501,
0.13888487219810486,
-0.050089284777641296,
0.07095085829496384,
-0.014935649931430817,
0.018005337566137314,
0.0348215214908123,
-0.10249040275812149,
-0.041459906846284866,
-0.043577298521995544,
-0.03084799274802208,
0.10001528263092041,
-0.08983081579208374,
-0.020830459892749786,
-0.008732081390917301,
0.014912663958966732,
-0.025575991719961166,
0.04491809010505676,
0.03213172405958176,
-0.02383318729698658,
-0.07602386921644211,
-0.0291304774582386,
-0.04369624704122543,
-0.03898625448346138,
0.0008807039703242481,
0.1265522986650467,
-0.026922082528471947,
0.07430948317050934,
-0.03830374404788017,
-0.007469875272363424,
-0.014669611118733883,
4.038645941120133e-33,
0.0031079910695552826,
0.0025235118810087442,
-0.000100078628747724,
0.008337331004440784,
-0.03674191236495972,
0.014356600120663643,
-0.05531678348779678,
0.03571781888604164,
-0.04438943415880203,
0.05875853821635246,
0.001128203934058547,
-0.029250886291265488,
-0.0077982377260923386,
-0.050183720886707306,
0.03820807859301567,
-0.10800592601299286,
-0.015160818584263325,
-0.10213416814804077,
0.01520274393260479,
-0.08337511867284775,
-0.07762248814105988,
0.020513728260993958,
-0.06529396027326584,
0.05631246417760849,
-0.03224534913897514,
-0.013725461438298225,
0.024894511327147484,
-0.0356781929731369,
0.022168170660734177,
0.06620748341083527,
-0.012748834677040577,
-0.04173995554447174,
0.011373966932296753,
-0.05093604698777199,
-0.05768187344074249,
0.0014204555191099644,
-0.06537659466266632,
-0.07504013180732727,
-0.0863708108663559,
0.061335232108831406,
-0.053462062031030655,
0.01763867400586605,
-0.019690016284585,
0.09538982063531876,
-0.06496012955904007,
0.07349906116724014,
0.10342708230018616,
0.09260562062263489,
-0.0027518332935869694,
-0.05184946954250336,
-0.0024875665549188852,
0.035516828298568726,
0.003005178179591894,
0.049624860286712646,
-0.07100651413202286,
0.026848938316106796,
-0.031597405672073364,
-0.04621373489499092,
-0.023370739072561264,
0.08313532918691635,
0.044443290680646896,
0.04550779610872269,
-0.02414078824222088,
-0.0035778312012553215,
-0.08467487245798111,
-0.025880131870508194,
0.004108058288693428,
0.05554820969700813,
-0.016366682946681976,
0.04558020457625389,
0.038323789834976196,
-0.06284503638744354,
0.049850087612867355,
0.021505799144506454,
0.07028849422931671,
0.012846025638282299,
0.024386754259467125,
0.0773930624127388,
0.007971911691129208,
-0.04031006991863251,
0.016074009239673615,
-0.03687877953052521,
-0.038594458252191544,
0.05268373712897301,
0.02064988948404789,
0.06016826629638672,
0.051091376692056656,
-0.026668868958950043,
-0.00851677730679512,
0.024181995540857315,
-0.010674028657376766,
0.013199877925217152,
0.042389631271362305,
-0.05193638056516647,
0.004479804076254368,
-4.281319403007702e-33,
0.04075029119849205,
-0.03443954139947891,
-0.027415169402956963,
0.015051295980811119,
0.045998744666576385,
-0.02927638776600361,
0.05906788259744644,
-0.057568084448575974,
-0.009225022979080677,
-0.0628131553530693,
0.002338394755497575,
0.0038704893086105585,
0.012525786645710468,
0.006821232847869396,
0.01591452956199646,
-0.021506866440176964,
-0.014137336052954197,
-0.012572846375405788,
0.0013185435673221946,
-0.058382123708724976,
0.004230579361319542,
0.04065221548080444,
-0.030661044642329216,
0.019820455461740494,
-0.01453612931072712,
0.058107152581214905,
-0.12514054775238037,
0.06988317519426346,
0.002456539310514927,
0.0932774469256401,
-0.06196052208542824,
0.0010824193013831973,
-0.006379150785505772,
0.006980240345001221,
-0.1394013911485672,
0.07547877728939056,
0.0020805078092962503,
-0.01738695241510868,
-0.038673050701618195,
-0.015755588188767433,
0.08782453835010529,
-0.04762687906622887,
-0.008923517540097237,
0.042394060641527176,
0.002205341588705778,
0.011406779289245605,
-0.012522400356829166,
0.02568206377327442,
0.04777287691831589,
0.08411567658185959,
0.06468542665243149,
0.09380810707807541,
0.010455267503857613,
0.005146025214344263,
-0.0763431265950203,
0.033059004694223404,
0.04977833479642868,
-0.04642743617296219,
-0.09827516973018646,
0.02106058970093727,
0.04310254007577896,
0.0720634013414383,
0.026298925280570984,
0.04580352082848549,
0.05406051129102707,
-0.017804324626922607,
0.005168510135263205,
-0.05047997832298279,
-0.03389935567975044,
-0.041499607264995575,
-0.04689643532037735,
-0.12075917422771454,
0.03900134190917015,
-0.07505100965499878,
-0.026205088943243027,
0.05397423729300499,
0.013443047180771828,
-0.022851919755339622,
0.02101360447704792,
0.020639745518565178,
-0.06883274763822556,
0.003076345892623067,
0.06376189738512039,
0.07972078025341034,
0.05479391664266586,
0.039442386478185654,
-0.02839450165629387,
-0.022464023903012276,
0.03030696138739586,
0.01997389830648899,
-0.05963325500488281,
-0.01849627122282982,
-0.03305666148662567,
0.06946352869272232,
-0.04107523337006569,
-6.03390901687817e-8,
0.07963686436414719,
0.03297300636768341,
-0.035979609936475754,
0.0134249497205019,
0.032627008855342865,
-0.02531355619430542,
0.02749118208885193,
0.07346758246421814,
-0.0341218002140522,
0.07428646832704544,
0.017941543832421303,
0.04694175720214844,
-0.03993190824985504,
0.09371143579483032,
-0.04071791470050812,
-0.024751733988523483,
0.021183015778660774,
-0.015284829773008823,
-0.058015964925289154,
-0.10922747105360031,
-0.020836107432842255,
0.011970562860369682,
0.011778644286096096,
-0.0020454605109989643,
-0.05762280151247978,
-0.04195994511246681,
-0.042269475758075714,
0.08490496873855591,
0.00016567834245506674,
0.020598318427801132,
0.015559463761746883,
0.0549536794424057,
-0.030604269355535507,
-0.0501859113574028,
0.05096278339624405,
-0.027744412422180176,
-0.1294536143541336,
0.017451317980885506,
-0.008608290925621986,
0.013409610837697983,
-0.059778738766908646,
0.03052935004234314,
0.06491687893867493,
0.031976912170648575,
0.03792579099535942,
-0.01794036664068699,
0.01524500735104084,
0.04863706976175308,
0.09439010173082352,
0.06504117697477341,
0.017321564257144928,
0.040194105356931686,
0.0698053389787674,
0.048915691673755646,
0.07042065262794495,
-0.03185129165649414,
-0.06450843065977097,
-0.1037227138876915,
0.007364459335803986,
0.015637660399079323,
-0.07849469035863876,
-0.11735863983631134,
0.04128771275281906,
-0.03899476304650307
] | {
"pdf_file": "KL6VJRI6EUVHA6S4QIIZ76GT5VIPPD5Y.pdf",
"text": "74 BUSINESSinUTAH 2009\n74\n \nBUSINNENESS\nin\nUTAH 2H 20090099A DRIVE THROUGH the Uintah Ba-\nsin, under the watch of King’s Peak, across the maize-colored, antelope speckled plains, through the alfalfa fi elds and the red cliffs to the fi sh-fi lled waters of Flaming Gorge, to the lights of the oil rigs twinkling on the horizon, reveals that the lifestyle and economy of the Uintah Basin is grounded in natural resources. It’s a region of roots, veins and bones, of range cattle, oil wells and dinosaurs. Duchesne, Daggett and Uintah counties each bring unique boun-ties and challenges and most impor-tantly, opportunities for business.\nBREAKING THE BOOM AND BUST \nGary McClellan is a saddle maker from Maeser, a small town just outside Vernal. For 18 years he has worked for Dry Fork Saddle, a company his brother, Brad, started in 1972. The company builds about 900 saddles a year and sell them worldwide for some $2,735 each. “We can’t keep up,” he says, but enjoys the work as much as the suc-cess. “I like seeing the fi nished prod-\nuct. It is satisfying to watch progress every day, to see the end result.” They are so popular Discovery Channel is doing a “How it’s Made” special on the company. McClellan can sum up life in Uin-tah County as well as any economic developer or county offi cial. “I have \na three-minute commute to work, the people are friendly, I don’t lock my doors at night, and you’re 30 to 40 minutes away from anything you want to do, horseback riding, whitewater rafting, the Green River, fi shing…I enjoy the recreation.” Mark Raymond, County Commis-sioner says the area is growing fast. “Things are happening here,” he says. “The traditional boom-and-bust cycle of the Uintah Basin is past history.” He is talking about oil, of course, the grease of the county’s economic cogs for decades. But that grease, combined with a tradition of tourism and agriculture, has opened opportunities in other industries. Especially exciting are develop-ments in higher education, on the Utah State University Uintah Basin Regional Campus. Recently, Utah entrepreneur Marc Bingham and his wife, Debbie, donated $15 million to the campus to build the Entre-preneurship and Energy Research \nCOUNTIES: \nDaggett, Duchesne, Uintah\nMAJOR CITIES: \nVernal (8,403)\nDuchesne (1,553)Roosevelt (4,852)Manila (298)\nREGIONAL CIVILIAN LABOR \nFORCE: 25,472\nAVERAGE WAGE: \n$30,031 (Daggett)\n$39,606 (Duchesne)$42,381 (Uintah)\nMAJOR EMPLOYERS: \nDuchesne County School DistrictUintah Basin Medical CenterHalliburton Energy ServicesColletts Recreation ServicesCash Meat MarketAnadarko Petroleum Corp.Ashley Valley Medical CenterJacob Fields Service N.A.National Forest ServiceUINTAH BASIN\nTHIS LAND \nIS OUR LANDFAST FACTS\nFLAMING GORGECenter. Slated to open in 2009, the \nbuilding will be a state-of-the-art, high-tech educational facility to train students in engineering, water man-agement, natural resources and en-vironmental policy, to name a few. In July, the Anadarko Foundation, a nonprofi t organization of Anadarko Petroleum Corporation, announced a $1.5 million joint gift to the univer-sity and the Uintah Basin Applied T echnology College. The gift will fund construction of the Anadarko Petroleum Corporation Industrial T echnology Building, which will offer programs critical to the natural gas and oil industry, but it will also edu-cate locals so that they are able to live and work where they grew up. “We will have state-of-the-art facili-ties, equipment and programs in in-dustrial engineering, chemistry and geology,” Raymond says. “We can get our young people to fi ll the jobs we need.” Which leads to another so-called problem: more jobs than workers and a lack of housing for the work-ers already in place. “We have too many high paying jobs that we can’t fi ll,” says Michael McKee, chairman of the Uintah County Commission. “Now that is an exciting problem!” According to the Utah Department of \nBy Pamela Ostermiller\nDINOSAUR NATIONAL MONUMENT WWW.BUSINESS.UTAH.GOV 75\nen, Director of Duchesne County Eco-\nnomic Development. Services related \nto mining, such as welding, trucking and commercial construction, are feeding off of oil and gas, yet there is growth in other areas as well, such as \ntourism. Ho tels are booked all sum-\nmer as are the area’s seven resorts, ranches and fi shing destinations. In Myton, chic restaurant Hollow Moon is serving up fresh baby greens and \ngelato to locals and travelers alike.\n While “oil and gas may be our bread and butter, agriculture is our backbone,” Hansen says. Duchesne County ranks in the top fi ve producers of cattle, hay and corn. Hansen, part economic developer, part cheerleader, part fundraiser, is especially excited to see county residents getting their piece of the \npie. “When outside companies come into the county, that’s wonderful,” she says. “But when a local sees an opportunity and seizes it and ex-pands, that is even better!” County residents are better able to capitalize when they have local leaders rooting for them. For example, Duch-esne is the second largest user of the Enterprise Zone T ax Credit Program, created in 1988 for job creation and new investment in counties with less than 50,000 residents. Businesses that qualify receive helpful tax credits and in Duchesne, “it has helped a lot,” says Hansen. “It has been extremely well utilized.” A new program from the Gover-nor’s Offi ce of Economic Develop-ment has given one company in Bal-lard a huge boost. McMullin Heating & Cooling was recently awarded $50,000 from the Rural Fast Track (RFT) program, which provides incen-tives to help companies in small towns grow and offer additional high-er paying jobs. Amber McMullin, sec-retary for the company, says they will use the money for a new building for inventory and offi ce space, and hire more employees. In the past, “we have had to turn business away,” she says, but not anymore. McMullin is a company that has grown with the oil billion barrels of recoverable oil. The \nPEIS identifi es the most promising shale areas in Utah, Colorado and Wyoming that will be open to appli-cations for commercial leasing. BLM Director Jim Caswell said in a press release, “The goal of the BLM’s oil shale program is to promote eco-nomically viable and environmen-tally sound production of oil shale on Western lands, where we estimate deposits hold…enough to meet U.S. demand for imported oil at current levels for 110 years.” For McKee, this is an unfathom-able opportunity for the people of Uin-tah County and beyond. “We could solve the nation’s energy needs. Utah is going to play a major role.”\nDUCHESNE: DIG IN \nFlanked by the Ashley National Forest and covered with a patchwork of farmland, Duchesne County is quiet and rural, but underneath the verdant hills hums an economic engine. The combination of bountiful natural resources and an energetic leadership that uses every tool in the box have kept the county on a growth pattern for years and most sectors show no sign of a slow down. All signs point to encourage growth and development. The strongest sector continues to be the oil and gas industry. Duch-esne is Utah’s largest producer of crude oil at 39 percent of the State’s output. “The durable nature of the industry encourages supportive new businesses which are starting up at breakneck speed,” says Irene Hans-“The goal of the BLM’s oil \nshale program is to promote economically viable and environmen-tally sound production of oil shale on Western lands, where we estimate deposits hold…enough to meet U.S. demand for imported oil at current levels for 110 years.” \nJim Caswell\nDIRECTOR, BLM\nWorkforce Services, unemployment \nis 2.6 percent. “We are very upbeat. We have a great county,” says Mc-Kee. “But we have shortages.” Some solutions are in motion. In July, the county approved an 80-acre development complex in Vernal for re-tail, entertainment and hotels, accord-ing to the Uintah Basin Standard. At least three hotels are planned, includ-ing Hawthorne Suites, La Quinta and Hyatt’s Summerfi eld Suites and, ac-cording to a developer quoted in the Standard, “Industry representatives from Halliburton and Anadarko have agreed to guarantee 60 percent occu-pancy of any hotel built on the site for the next three years.” While Uintah County is support-ing an ever-diversifying economy, McKee says the oil and gas sec-tors remain the strongest and most likely to grow. “They are driving our economy. Of the natural gas pro-duced in Utah, 57 percent comes out of Uintah County,” at a value of $1,160,209,692. McKee underscores the importance of the basin’s natu-ral resources. “Only 15 percent of the county is privately held, which means we have low property taxes. Seventeen percent is tribal. Our pub-lic lands are extremely important for recreation, agriculture and oil.” Big news came to the Basin in 2008, when the Bureau of Land Management released its Final Pro-grammatic Environmental Impact Statement (PEIS) for the Green River Formation, the largest oil shale de-posit in the world estimated at 800 \nUINTAH BASIN ENTREPRENEURSHIP \nAND ENERGY RESEARCH CENTER 76 BUSINESSinUTAH 2009\nEasy to get here. \nHard to leave.\n• Full-service resort hotel in the heart of Park City, Utah\n• Located just 25 miles from the Salt Lake City \nInternational Airport \n• 12,000 square feet of meeting & banquet facilities• 181 deluxe guest rooms & suites• Three world-class ski resorts minutes away• Plan a board meeting for 10 or an event for 500 \nNewly\nRenovated!\n1800 Park Ave. | Park City, UT 84060zzFor a customized \nmeeting proposal,\nyarrow@harthotels.comFor reservations,\n800.927.7694\nwww.Y arrowResort.comindustry, providing AC at camp loca-\ntions, over mine computers and in metal industrial buildings. But the company would not have qualifi ed for the RFT award if it wasn’t for help from local offi cials. “We really appreciate Irene,” says McMullin. “She is on the ball. She made me realize that the RFT is for rural businesses and will help the community.”are second homes, enjoyed for one \nweek, two weeks, or months at a time by Daggett part-timers. “Recreation is why a lot of people are here,” he says, “including full-time locals.” Because the majority of Dag-gett’s land is owned by the govern-ment, most residents work for the government in some capacity−in the fi eld, the school district or local gov-ernment positions−or work in tourism and travel. This predicament, or opportunity, means that leaders must get creative and use the county’s natural beauty every way they can. While Daggett showed huge job growth in early 2008, it was due to pipeline construction and some expansion in the travel and tourism industry. The latter is the key to the region’s sustainable economy. According to the Economic De-velopment Corporation of Utah, Dag-gett County is working to update the County General Plan including the Dutch John area. The Report says \nthat the County “is working with Aspen Rivers, LLC, a team of specialized planners, to evaluate existing plans and improve the implementation ability and create a clearer path to develop a sustainable economy.” Dutch John is just one region of many that offers potential growth for tourism. Over the years, economic devel-opers have created festivals, events and races—anything to attract new visitors to its outdoor playground. In August the county held the fourth T ower Rock 10K Run, an event cre-ated to generate revenue which has been a big success; this year there were 71 runners and 200 attendants to the post-run pasta bash. The First Annual Fall Festival at the Daggett County Park in Manila, featuring entertainment, a dinner, horseshoes and a benefi t auction has kicked off a new tradition for the \ncounty. \n If the community is lacking in any-thing, says Hansen, it is more hotels and retail and, as in Uintah County, housing. “There is opportunity here. We are losing 75 percent of our retail money to other towns. Wal-Mart serves a region, but if they are not in your com-munity, you lose.” Hansen adds that the downtown is full, creating a need for infrastructure. “When you have fast growth, you have to adapt. But we are meeting the challenge.”\nDESTINATION: DAGGETT\nTucked in Utah’s eastern-most cor-ner with endless opportunities for recreation, less than 1,000 residents and yet not one stoplight, Daggett County is the place to get away. “In the wintertime we are in our own little world,” says Brian Raymond, County Commission Assistant and Director of Economic Development. Of the 1,186 residences in the area, Raymond estimates that 70 percent NINE MILE PANEL"
} |
[
-0.0425715371966362,
0.015334654599428177,
-0.03096245974302292,
0.011353746056556702,
-0.00761597091332078,
0.05517663061618805,
0.06223391368985176,
0.012508107349276543,
-0.0343376062810421,
-0.07397802174091339,
0.0964517891407013,
0.018116585910320282,
-0.0362389050424099,
0.038120534271001816,
0.08412347733974457,
-0.030137192457914352,
0.07896207273006439,
-0.04080655798316002,
-0.015362880192697048,
0.09398143738508224,
0.07315235584974289,
-0.00837621744722128,
-0.029055656865239143,
-0.0266241617500782,
-0.030659979209303856,
0.06916037201881409,
-0.09056315571069717,
-0.020425524562597275,
0.007068058010190725,
0.033364187926054,
0.08119627088308334,
0.029686499387025833,
0.0004635596997104585,
-0.021987857297062874,
0.07282312959432602,
0.038417261093854904,
-0.027629002928733826,
0.03095473349094391,
-0.03481929749250412,
0.004461405798792839,
0.0001464271335862577,
-0.030135205015540123,
0.0003808972251135856,
0.055114347487688065,
0.0025175968185067177,
-0.10706157982349396,
-0.035974547266960144,
0.011036776937544346,
0.010549671947956085,
-0.016828367486596107,
-0.0036632835399359465,
0.025706790387630463,
0.14251264929771423,
0.13029845058918,
0.01629590056836605,
-0.01589145138859749,
0.09266085177659988,
0.0671781376004219,
-0.07014980912208557,
0.061013977974653244,
-0.012850085273385048,
0.024177471175789833,
-0.006107206456363201,
-0.03627094253897667,
-0.025548722594976425,
0.07240282744169235,
-0.005742641165852547,
-0.07365863025188446,
0.06818363070487976,
-0.050494059920310974,
-0.1010013297200203,
0.006394012365490198,
0.012547506019473076,
-0.016355613246560097,
0.028338998556137085,
0.04146736115217209,
0.038802046328783035,
0.09311409294605255,
0.020216353237628937,
-0.07784923911094666,
-0.017299320548772812,
-0.03955625370144844,
-0.03418438881635666,
-0.044140011072158813,
-0.040957871824502945,
0.004985907580703497,
-0.12415992468595505,
-0.03602704405784607,
0.030076490715146065,
-0.024641435593366623,
0.05163443833589554,
0.08742548525333405,
0.013176247477531433,
-0.11066288501024246,
0.03321307897567749,
-0.07596953213214874,
0.02513894997537136,
-0.11329353600740433,
-0.07806200534105301,
0.054276686161756516,
-0.004572350066155195,
-0.009984348900616169,
-0.03594549000263214,
-0.01437356323003769,
0.09826525300741196,
-0.03231876343488693,
-0.042221810668706894,
0.009296378120779991,
-0.0073804003186523914,
0.054925769567489624,
0.01954098604619503,
0.0057809557765722275,
0.035775743424892426,
0.051602333784103394,
-0.05699160695075989,
0.012396848760545254,
-0.01700911670923233,
0.02241579070687294,
0.07627081125974655,
-0.08587914705276489,
-0.0002924426516983658,
0.01687026210129261,
-0.03693385794758797,
-0.028445154428482056,
0.026426179334521294,
0.021300258114933968,
-0.050482381135225296,
2.3582477466028873e-33,
0.001839849748648703,
0.05504115670919418,
0.010584295727312565,
-0.05226527526974678,
0.0325215719640255,
-0.06066752225160599,
0.02797442302107811,
-0.000545831338968128,
0.02821245603263378,
0.002015722682699561,
-0.0052207582630217075,
-0.0039009947795420885,
0.031408049166202545,
0.05354966223239899,
-0.026802273467183113,
0.019154459238052368,
-0.02131674997508526,
0.0009698969661258161,
0.005597200710326433,
0.06347367912530899,
-0.016266047954559326,
-0.028741398826241493,
0.008992662653326988,
0.020805248990654945,
-0.09338982403278351,
0.058097727596759796,
-0.032117363065481186,
0.0294357743114233,
-0.038242992013692856,
-0.0221441350877285,
-0.010361120104789734,
0.04453320428729057,
0.12410225719213486,
-0.06565676629543304,
0.038839638233184814,
-0.02678910829126835,
0.06956788152456284,
-0.007627504412084818,
-0.054325398057699203,
-0.10099346935749054,
0.03471919149160385,
0.06657759100198746,
0.1738034188747406,
0.0637059360742569,
0.011406074278056622,
-0.07084446400403976,
0.006019360851496458,
-0.028075085952878,
-0.04649485647678375,
0.05909055471420288,
-0.015440494753420353,
-0.002001527464017272,
-0.05094914510846138,
0.010154646821320057,
-0.124884694814682,
-0.06862392276525497,
-0.07644269615411758,
-0.0006596177699975669,
-0.02347010187804699,
-0.02448662556707859,
0.048177897930145264,
-0.09741917252540588,
-0.01803230121731758,
-0.027264835312962532,
-0.03170471638441086,
-0.001056130276992917,
0.04684546962380409,
-0.06124323233962059,
0.007160991430282593,
0.026478957384824753,
-0.03637446463108063,
0.09415055811405182,
0.06426169723272324,
0.015840735286474228,
0.07961444556713104,
-0.004810614511370659,
0.07994487136602402,
-0.014383317902684212,
0.01782410591840744,
-0.014291027560830116,
-0.008352878503501415,
-0.13042865693569183,
0.02521192841231823,
-0.02517814189195633,
-0.02845880202949047,
0.04028081148862839,
-0.019565673545002937,
0.04660677909851074,
0.005600220523774624,
-0.051138244569301605,
-0.0069181229919195175,
-0.026331547647714615,
0.01308252103626728,
0.001566349295899272,
0.01450710091739893,
-4.404419742819704e-33,
0.018386082723736763,
0.001372612896375358,
0.018619900569319725,
-0.11617279797792435,
0.06246891990303993,
-0.011491457931697369,
0.018616488203406334,
-0.10357308387756348,
0.020379401743412018,
-0.04741210117936134,
-0.05561240762472153,
0.003338709706440568,
0.07076767086982727,
-0.036461252719163895,
-0.08285504579544067,
0.055417802184820175,
-0.0733056589961052,
-0.0035166980233043432,
-0.035422299057245255,
-0.02406843937933445,
-0.04314710944890976,
0.06001148372888565,
0.03776984661817551,
0.10908063501119614,
0.03786615654826164,
-0.0208114143460989,
-0.00020633736858144403,
0.0032443921081721783,
-0.04522692784667015,
-0.017396263778209686,
0.022420376539230347,
-0.024040505290031433,
-0.03844154626131058,
0.008360078558325768,
-0.05366736277937889,
-0.04416476935148239,
0.024106016382575035,
-0.04587024822831154,
-0.06303822249174118,
0.043312493711709976,
0.04191143438220024,
-0.0018809435423463583,
-0.05704876407980919,
0.059263311326503754,
-0.050907254219055176,
0.016952084377408028,
-0.006478763651102781,
0.011525187641382217,
-0.01653606817126274,
0.07349511981010437,
-0.0006018475978635252,
-0.04295564442873001,
0.12456575781106949,
0.08005545288324356,
0.03682970628142357,
0.007298578973859549,
0.036224450916051865,
-0.06335112452507019,
-0.14735566079616547,
-0.051784660667181015,
0.0014163150917738676,
0.04460173100233078,
-0.05820569023489952,
0.014000714756548405,
0.09142165631055832,
-0.1605033129453659,
-0.06939616054296494,
-0.008615098893642426,
0.021372854709625244,
-0.04752710834145546,
0.009474478662014008,
-0.04460115358233452,
0.05303893983364105,
-0.012685073539614677,
-0.10398025810718536,
-0.004455831367522478,
0.022463014349341393,
-0.050672486424446106,
-0.029423512518405914,
-0.015470464713871479,
-0.00725365336984396,
-0.027407323941588402,
-0.009210873395204544,
0.008212397806346416,
-0.010343993082642555,
0.05297485738992691,
0.06508705019950867,
-0.010964907705783844,
0.0039622969925403595,
0.0754980519413948,
-0.0006591150886379182,
0.03155297413468361,
-0.01741565577685833,
0.055127546191215515,
-0.011122074909508228,
-4.956502763775461e-8,
0.142861008644104,
0.043075740337371826,
-0.10298394411802292,
0.02762911468744278,
-0.0278716329485178,
0.036688294261693954,
-0.03354351967573166,
-0.03715900704264641,
-0.020757807418704033,
0.01297822967171669,
0.006558062043040991,
0.12445896118879318,
0.03158994019031525,
-0.06537563353776932,
-0.042986348271369934,
-0.040023673325777054,
-0.0023023609537631273,
-0.031193992123007774,
-0.062161777168512344,
0.06115701422095299,
-0.06671279668807983,
-0.02536410465836525,
-0.046775173395872116,
0.06836986541748047,
-0.003930743783712387,
0.0017728651873767376,
-0.02685404382646084,
0.08533558994531631,
0.041721560060977936,
0.013167503289878368,
-0.024050679057836533,
-0.059779949486255646,
-0.009379712864756584,
-0.015636051073670387,
0.008855627849698067,
-0.0484185516834259,
-0.006845208816230297,
-0.027238132432103157,
-0.0032778179738670588,
0.057313065975904465,
0.05840950086712837,
0.005853248294442892,
-0.07514968514442444,
0.014341002330183983,
-0.02746114507317543,
0.008170867338776588,
-0.11610961705446243,
-0.04580380395054817,
0.04972773790359497,
0.019566167145967484,
-0.009697670117020607,
0.04061703011393547,
-0.05899570882320404,
-0.033998940140008926,
-0.013617722317576408,
0.03364628925919533,
-0.06125875562429428,
-0.017228513956069946,
0.04726637899875641,
-0.03159107640385628,
0.07410750538110733,
0.03830260410904884,
0.07677938789129257,
-0.012043572030961514
] | {
"pdf_file": "BYVMYNJSMFL7V7VYYCQ566SBR2HTWF5C.pdf",
"text": "STATE OF CALIFORNIA ──HEALTH AND WELFARE AGENCY PETE WILSON, Governor \n══════════════════ ═════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════ \nDEPARTMENT OF ALCOHOL AND DRUG PROGRAMS \n1700 K STREET \nSACRAMENTO, CA 95814-4037 \nTTY (916) 445-1942 \n(916) 322-7012 \nADP #97- 67 \nDecember 2, 1997 \n \n \nTo: County Alcohol and Drug Program Administrators \nResidential Treatment Providers \n \n \nSubject: Termination of Cash Aid and Food Stamp Benefits for Certain Convicted Drug \nFelons \n \n \nThis is to inform you of recent federal and state laws that deny cash aid, county aid and \nrelief, and food stamp benefits to individuals convicted of a felony for possession, use, or \ndistribution of a controlled substance. These new laws may impact persons in residential treatment programs. \n \nBACKGROUND \n \nFederal Law: \n \nSection 115 of the new federal welfare reform law, the Personal Responsibility and Work \nOpportunity Reconciliation Act (PRWORA) of 1996 (PL 104-193), prohibits using federal \nTemporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) funds for cash aid and food stamps for a person convicted under federal or state law of a felony related to the possession, use, or distribution of a controlled substance. Family members would still be eligible. A subsequent federal law specifies that the drug felony law a pplies only to drug felonies committed on or after \nAugust 22, 1996, the date PRWORA was enacted. \n \nState Law: \n \nIn California, the federal TANF cash aid program (formerly called the Aid to Families \nwith Dependent Children program) has been named the California Work Opportunity and Responsibility for Kids (CalWORKS) program. Assembly Bills 1008 and 1260 added sections 12251.3 and 17012.5 to the Welfare and Institutions (W&I) Code to implement the CalWORKS cash aid component of the federal drug felony law. Key provisions of the state law are: \n \n∃ The individual must have been convicted in state or federal court after December 31, 1997 (for a drug felony committed on or after August 22, 1996). \n \n∃ The disqualifying drug felony includes any plea of guilty or no contest. \n \nCounty Alcohol and -2- Drug Program Administrators \n Residential Treatment Providers \n \n \n∃ Other family members remain eligible for CalWORKS cash aid. \n \n∃ The ineligible convicted drug felon who lives with his/her CalWORKS family is also \nineligible for nonhealth care benefits. These benefits are County Aid and Relief to Indigents. \n \n∃ Counties must issue vouchers or vendor payments for at least rent and utilities to an eligible family if the family includes a member who is ineligible due to a drug felony conviction. \n \nIMPLEMENTATION OF THE CALWORKS CASH AID PROVISIONS OF \nTHE NEW DRUG FELONY LAW \n \nNew California W&I section 12251.3 specifies that individuals applying for CalWORKS \ncash aid on or after January 1, 1998 will be determined ineligible if they were convicted in state or federal court on or after January 1, 1998 for a drug felony committed on or after \nAugust 22, 1996. Continuing CalWORKS recipients (i.e., families that were approved for and \nalready receiving cash aid before January 1, 1998) will be asked about their drug felony convictions at the next annual redeterminati on. Any individual(s) with a disqualifying drug \nfelony will not be eligible for CalWORKS cash aid. Cash aid for other family members will not be affected. \n \nNON-HEALTH CARE BENEFITS - COUNT Y AID AND RELIEF TO INDIGENTS \n \nNew California W&I Code section 17012.5 specifies that the drug felon who is ineligible \nfor cash aid under CalWORKS, and is a member of a family receiving aid, shall also be ineligible for non-health care benefits. Non-health care benefits are County Aid and Relief to \nIndigents (called Αgeneral assistance ≅ in some counties). This new section of state law will also \nbe implemented January 1, 1998. \n \nIMPLEMENTATION OF THE FOOD STAMP PROVISIONS OF THE \nNEW DRUG FELONY LAW \n \nThe food stamp component of section 115 of PRWORA became effective the date the \nfederal law was enacted (August 22, 1996) and has already been implemented by the California \nDepartment of Social Services. \n \n \n \n \n County Alcohol and -3- \n Drug Program Administrators \n Residential Treatment Providers \n \nBeginning September 1, 1997, food stamp applicants are asked to reveal any drug felony \nconvictions if the felony was committed on or after August 22, 1996. Individuals or families \nwho were already receiving food stamp benefits prior to September 1, 1997 will be asked about \ntheir drug felony convictions at the next six-month or annual recertification. Any individual(s) \nwith a disqualifying drug felony will not be eligib le for food stamps. Food stamp benefits for \nother family members are not affected. \n \nMEDI-CAL BENEFITS \n \nThe federal PRWORA law does not restrict eligibility for Medicaid (called Medi-Cal in \nCalifornia). Individuals convicted of a drug-related felony who may be otherwise eligible may apply for full-scope Medi-Cal benefits by submitting an application for Medi-Cal to the county welfare office in their county of residence. Under some circumstances, convicted drug felons may be eligible for Medi-Cal and not eligible for CalWORKS or county cash aid. \n \nSURVEY OF NUMBER OF DRUG FELONS \n \nThe County Alcohol and Drug Program Admi nistrators Association of California \n(CADPAAC) has asked the Department of Alcohol and Drug Programs to survey the field in \norder to determine the effect of this new drug felony law on publicly funded programs. A survey form was sent to providers on October 30, 1997. Results of the survey will be shared with CADPAAC. \n \nQuestions regarding the new drug felony law ma y be directed to Marie Leonard, Program \nand Fiscal Policy Branch, Program Operati ons Division, at (916) 322-0495. Questions or \ncomments regarding the survey may be directed to Paul Tanner, Program and Fiscal Policy Branch, Program Operations Division, at (916) 445-5719. \n \nSincerely, \n \n[Original Signed By] \n \nGLORIA J. MERK, II \nDeputy Director \nProgram Operations Division \n \n \ncc: Wagerman Associates, Inc \nDirector’s Advisory Council "
} |
[
-0.04716649278998375,
0.04571982100605965,
-0.03810901194810867,
-0.04401304945349693,
-0.024856405332684517,
0.04848453029990196,
-0.03454473242163658,
0.0062556760385632515,
-0.023299142718315125,
0.02146737463772297,
0.036134425550699234,
0.006532448343932629,
-0.0025001869071274996,
-0.04768066108226776,
0.009124320931732655,
0.07823549211025238,
-0.03188546746969223,
-0.06317571550607681,
0.012863888405263424,
0.04907575249671936,
-0.01103293988853693,
0.07368449866771698,
0.013153061270713806,
-0.03221247345209122,
0.044962141662836075,
-0.023389194160699844,
0.005478953942656517,
0.05848918855190277,
0.05431870371103287,
-0.09444982558488846,
0.040833715349435806,
0.023434307426214218,
-0.03011525422334671,
-0.0034638638608157635,
0.1399066299200058,
-0.029374901205301285,
-0.009278476238250732,
0.004222954623401165,
0.0524677112698555,
-0.004747090861201286,
-0.009264644235372543,
-0.0012426315806806087,
0.002048739232122898,
0.00562206981703639,
-0.052590273320674896,
-0.01612340658903122,
0.0011267636436969042,
-0.015182768926024437,
0.018760088831186295,
0.08860565721988678,
-0.03028077445924282,
-0.04397471621632576,
0.015346021391451359,
0.11368469893932343,
-0.033484358340501785,
-0.07507310062646866,
-0.08867516368627548,
-0.0038890254218131304,
-0.08581148833036423,
-0.035879455506801605,
-0.08156798779964447,
0.02165958285331726,
0.0005238989251665771,
-0.021716784685850143,
-0.05173366889357567,
0.16254286468029022,
-0.01158464327454567,
-0.0646127462387085,
-0.05101238563656807,
-0.1289088875055313,
-0.09209591150283813,
-0.03545588627457619,
-0.0871143713593483,
-0.012217837385833263,
-0.05248858407139778,
-0.11185920983552933,
-0.07368303835391998,
0.031970396637916565,
-0.09291180968284607,
-0.07635394483804703,
0.022473856806755066,
0.07468841224908829,
-0.043471045792102814,
0.0296888779848814,
0.002724990015849471,
-0.01558813638985157,
0.019715428352355957,
0.01506642997264862,
0.03321975842118263,
0.033828798681497574,
0.09299637377262115,
-0.047491904348134995,
0.08998843282461166,
0.011522735469043255,
0.012779942713677883,
-0.0223991759121418,
0.031865194439888,
-0.03802481293678284,
0.0992245078086853,
0.055584464222192764,
0.001319492468610406,
-0.011618958786129951,
-0.10481609404087067,
0.05673370882868767,
-0.06423474103212357,
-0.01171879842877388,
0.032172538340091705,
0.014909240417182446,
0.044736653566360474,
-0.039473433047533035,
0.041978031396865845,
-0.005733450874686241,
-0.043080538511276245,
-0.03304082527756691,
-0.0002182694006478414,
0.004081547725945711,
0.022281087934970856,
-0.0006975753931328654,
-0.0409633032977581,
-0.10447317361831665,
0.04808903858065605,
0.09409260749816895,
-0.027333319187164307,
-0.005347173195332289,
-0.06809249520301819,
-0.10909330099821091,
-0.022617105394601822,
6.735063759658415e-34,
0.003516195807605982,
0.07304802536964417,
0.005009781569242477,
0.019366882741451263,
0.01531692873686552,
0.015709899365901947,
0.03819623962044716,
0.09489936381578445,
0.017332781106233597,
-0.012334315106272697,
-0.1204301118850708,
-0.004014133010059595,
0.032513149082660675,
-0.03243979811668396,
-0.06176013499498367,
0.02567046880722046,
-0.03812796249985695,
0.16492938995361328,
0.03442496061325073,
0.02084430865943432,
0.04803367704153061,
-0.006887335330247879,
0.08054889738559723,
-0.03726937249302864,
0.023068638518452644,
0.08068281412124634,
-0.021001257002353668,
0.04095358029007912,
-0.03736104071140289,
-0.00690018804743886,
0.041440434753894806,
-0.056383166462183,
0.027074936777353287,
-0.01999599114060402,
0.011645818129181862,
0.0501091368496418,
-0.03529297187924385,
0.05804853513836861,
0.026693519204854965,
0.0359065905213356,
0.050440870225429535,
0.024043362587690353,
0.10051760822534561,
-0.0286362674087286,
-0.0089383190497756,
-0.02227669768035412,
0.055370040237903595,
0.10999952256679535,
0.15050376951694489,
-0.004583581816405058,
0.016127360984683037,
-0.03781508654356003,
0.01888972334563732,
-0.031136173754930496,
0.04999874532222748,
0.043931588530540466,
-0.022589227184653282,
0.015554034151136875,
-0.08745809644460678,
0.010427291505038738,
0.1375168263912201,
0.024396579712629318,
-0.09540485590696335,
-0.013177184388041496,
-0.1236523687839508,
-0.007033990696072578,
-0.044366106390953064,
-0.03195885568857193,
0.09603764116764069,
-0.03667563945055008,
-0.041302502155303955,
-0.02688748389482498,
0.0025550401769578457,
0.019722821190953255,
0.0414024293422699,
-0.03298276662826538,
-0.04820435494184494,
0.01963258720934391,
0.06182301416993141,
-0.04636451601982117,
-0.025874147191643715,
-0.050067052245140076,
-0.03267274051904678,
0.014638812281191349,
0.019739897921681404,
0.015654778108000755,
0.0340154767036438,
-0.010121532715857029,
-0.008013509213924408,
-0.0416092649102211,
0.008837993256747723,
0.0013862366322427988,
-0.07804466784000397,
-0.03267379477620125,
0.08263188600540161,
-1.4532939716353262e-33,
0.025498827919363976,
-0.05448896810412407,
-0.039836492389440536,
-0.03198203071951866,
-0.03201320394873619,
0.030204763635993004,
0.12307557463645935,
-0.007560343015938997,
-0.012522334232926369,
0.10954391956329346,
0.016945606097579002,
0.004378587007522583,
-0.015362328849732876,
-0.05453338101506233,
-0.03685998544096947,
-0.02917245216667652,
-0.050738830119371414,
0.036509592086076736,
0.0636279284954071,
-0.04628049582242966,
-0.025343606248497963,
0.09693798422813416,
0.06915358453989029,
-0.0259762704372406,
-0.005830266512930393,
0.032429248094558716,
-0.021080518141388893,
0.021193351596593857,
0.07746600359678268,
0.02072066068649292,
-0.03686338663101196,
-0.027319064363837242,
-0.06024981662631035,
0.007681446615606546,
-0.002580688102170825,
-0.008074117824435234,
-0.03448522835969925,
-0.05251261219382286,
-0.004955430049449205,
-0.03745657578110695,
0.004708136897534132,
0.051360756158828735,
0.06213703751564026,
0.03307554870843887,
0.04040025547146797,
0.0038665244355797768,
-0.07985305786132812,
-0.0009004088351503015,
0.011206754483282566,
-0.05186299979686737,
-0.046529512852430344,
0.05403687432408333,
-0.012112767435610294,
0.007327565923333168,
-0.00579091627150774,
0.06136828288435936,
-0.053945086896419525,
-0.030769938603043556,
0.038441650569438934,
0.01359096821397543,
-0.0002052242634817958,
0.09108781069517136,
0.0340011864900589,
0.028491633012890816,
0.07557525485754013,
-0.08760979026556015,
0.03204930201172829,
-0.10155060142278671,
0.04346555843949318,
-0.017900878563523293,
-0.02700711414217949,
-0.12164581567049026,
-0.009572132490575314,
-0.10510963946580887,
0.041023533791303635,
0.047525033354759216,
0.031604308634996414,
-0.00019673004862852395,
-0.018307611346244812,
-0.07711325585842133,
-0.009750478900969028,
0.007154130842536688,
-0.013309760950505733,
0.07238119840621948,
-0.04985366761684418,
-0.007837929762899876,
0.038700759410858154,
-0.041292883455753326,
0.027324572205543518,
0.08698064833879471,
0.0014397973427549005,
0.061367809772491455,
0.10551051050424576,
0.0960041806101799,
-0.005263259168714285,
-1.3701078493966179e-8,
0.022181198000907898,
0.09820471704006195,
-0.03166700899600983,
0.009931390173733234,
0.028017349541187286,
-0.0912528932094574,
-0.009076384827494621,
0.038987647742033005,
-0.02385825477540493,
-0.016544368118047714,
0.02261386252939701,
-0.02761479839682579,
-0.023916076868772507,
-0.026918936520814896,
-0.027865208685398102,
0.05644379183650017,
-0.04340643435716629,
-0.027040500193834305,
-0.032312389463186264,
-0.05590992420911789,
0.021234048530459404,
-0.034265950322151184,
-0.02919737994670868,
-0.03558850288391113,
0.04305368289351463,
-0.031004691496491432,
-0.0519099086523056,
0.057709403336048126,
0.08061732351779938,
0.0024858724791556597,
0.0055007245391607285,
0.058334194123744965,
0.013183582574129105,
-0.025768643245100975,
-0.05478067696094513,
-0.02012532763183117,
-0.04676683992147446,
0.02867080830037594,
0.06143004447221756,
0.05108116194605827,
0.01026900764554739,
-0.031389020383358,
-0.02661570906639099,
-0.02047734335064888,
0.07375812530517578,
-0.01523276511579752,
-0.11790251731872559,
-0.05341749265789986,
-0.06991776078939438,
0.022312426939606667,
0.04145975410938263,
-0.04964448884129524,
0.03092285990715027,
0.055443327873945236,
-0.025350790470838547,
0.010803310200572014,
-0.027698764577507973,
-0.025081396102905273,
0.07064991444349289,
-0.023234691470861435,
0.08024713397026062,
0.07519810646772385,
0.0075158616527915,
-0.0186008270829916
] | {
"pdf_file": "YWJI57UE6VBGPHTJYLGMHWGRIBWIF2BG.pdf",
"text": "Appendix B\nSample IRS Forms"
} |
[
-0.048165880143642426,
0.01698942855000496,
0.005765985231846571,
0.04350560903549194,
-0.0012473203241825104,
0.029665352776646614,
-0.013610227033495903,
0.011324268765747547,
-0.0021468938793987036,
-0.007442424539476633,
0.016851458698511124,
0.08830524235963821,
-0.00622931681573391,
-0.02714042365550995,
-0.02748974785208702,
-0.006546888500452042,
-0.07116314768791199,
-0.04902694746851921,
-0.029948338866233826,
0.07000329345464706,
-0.005851206835359335,
0.09969369322061539,
-0.07498124986886978,
0.019147470593452454,
0.019812162965536118,
0.04139060154557228,
0.03370284289121628,
-0.025040149688720703,
0.05202497914433479,
-0.017087014392018318,
0.03367610275745392,
-0.019452771171927452,
-0.08366022258996964,
-0.04210805520415306,
-0.00824111606925726,
0.04072442650794983,
-0.07594545185565948,
0.0007143162656575441,
0.0026840458158403635,
0.054107774049043655,
0.023562265560030937,
0.05588935688138008,
-0.03907660394906998,
0.038496773689985275,
-0.022092707455158234,
-0.028776301071047783,
-0.06211867928504944,
-0.03374162316322327,
0.0348052941262722,
0.11477424949407578,
0.05212564393877983,
-0.03809331730008125,
-0.0474805049598217,
0.035295192152261734,
0.017546145245432854,
-0.05991772934794426,
0.027333874255418777,
-0.015164673328399658,
-0.09880346804857254,
0.013881010003387928,
0.027775615453720093,
0.005982524715363979,
-0.019706031307578087,
-0.017026064917445183,
-0.13969668745994568,
0.01994475908577442,
0.027162153273820877,
0.03888015076518059,
-0.0021028651390224695,
-0.11577285826206207,
-0.06458369642496109,
0.002341038081794977,
-0.07451731711626053,
0.06686462461948395,
-0.012653596699237823,
0.08977897465229034,
0.01850772462785244,
-0.02293829619884491,
0.04888086020946503,
-0.013810618780553341,
-0.003850797889754176,
-0.08246517926454544,
0.04296789690852165,
0.011603742837905884,
-0.002453186549246311,
0.020776139572262764,
-0.022585853934288025,
-0.007268473040312529,
0.03807077184319496,
-0.012449107132852077,
0.11514995992183685,
-0.01350824162364006,
0.02496306411921978,
-0.07909739762544632,
0.027432141825556755,
0.0010207114974036813,
-0.12092864513397217,
-0.029203297570347786,
0.011688532307744026,
0.01528832595795393,
0.046223919838666916,
-0.03899692744016647,
-0.10034289211034775,
0.0016323457239195704,
-0.03916565328836441,
-0.08641082793474197,
-0.041959621012210846,
-0.03626944124698639,
0.02734481543302536,
0.004644328728318214,
0.012712284922599792,
-0.037152208387851715,
0.06522756069898605,
-0.02465112693607807,
0.015927458181977272,
0.061298467218875885,
-0.09213480353355408,
0.032087698578834534,
0.12126849591732025,
-0.0816345140337944,
0.0003646906989160925,
0.06068761646747589,
0.011503889225423336,
-0.021451665088534355,
-0.0066476427018642426,
-0.03445605933666229,
0.10657157003879547,
4.451643024312082e-33,
-0.0437966026365757,
-0.06395446509122849,
0.002985810860991478,
0.0554749071598053,
-0.020262939855456352,
-0.07337546348571777,
0.03751653432846069,
-0.01776234619319439,
-0.04472561553120613,
-0.025012845173478127,
-0.06698745489120483,
0.057344648987054825,
-0.015447896905243397,
-0.0816611498594284,
-0.06058206036686897,
-0.025715040042996407,
0.03640821576118469,
0.05660010874271393,
-0.021590420976281166,
0.061269138008356094,
0.020235290750861168,
-0.05321967229247093,
0.05297644063830376,
0.03933486342430115,
-0.0030922170262783766,
0.06660173088312149,
0.012440850026905537,
0.01699823886156082,
-0.011213104240596294,
-0.000005994650564389303,
0.016014177352190018,
0.017663966864347458,
-0.002947976114228368,
0.0428306981921196,
0.03308448567986488,
0.032482124865055084,
0.024842409417033195,
0.02074749395251274,
-0.01879926584661007,
-0.07444828748703003,
0.03808755427598953,
0.006334730423986912,
-0.05150835961103439,
0.04762522876262665,
-0.01714148558676243,
-0.07196387648582458,
0.12431380897760391,
0.060907330363988876,
0.048650968819856644,
-0.008285187184810638,
-0.1031617522239685,
0.038032084703445435,
-0.06456203013658524,
0.08054836839437485,
-0.03390459716320038,
-0.09278005361557007,
-0.01309152040630579,
0.041133057326078415,
-0.03812116011977196,
-0.03532823175191879,
0.011095721274614334,
0.0619039461016655,
-0.03928851708769798,
0.005078165791928768,
-0.006683249492198229,
-0.03191698342561722,
-0.0771256759762764,
-0.021296583116054535,
0.01845838502049446,
-0.02191820740699768,
0.07793322205543518,
0.024495640769600868,
-0.022068440914154053,
-0.048948440700769424,
0.03275585547089577,
-0.065702423453331,
0.017910057678818703,
0.020587554201483727,
0.03649325668811798,
0.06613592803478241,
-0.002158386167138815,
-0.0526638999581337,
-0.00036585074849426746,
0.046061430126428604,
0.017612358555197716,
-0.005907401442527771,
0.09423660486936569,
-0.005807547364383936,
-0.09224146604537964,
0.04389052838087082,
-0.014088152907788754,
-0.007171429228037596,
0.038749538362026215,
0.12216563522815704,
0.07888001203536987,
-5.1473824983912845e-33,
-0.005559136159718037,
-0.04531952366232872,
-0.007286665495485067,
-0.024868424981832504,
-0.05082804337143898,
-0.014302493073046207,
0.05480147898197174,
-0.007912400178611279,
-0.02040736749768257,
-0.07417438179254532,
-0.051612816751003265,
0.02744225040078163,
0.063129723072052,
0.08458162844181061,
-0.05225338786840439,
-0.06112702935934067,
0.007758147548884153,
0.058801937848329544,
0.01378816831856966,
-0.02113187685608864,
0.05479994788765907,
-0.02242802083492279,
-0.061198074370622635,
0.0702635869383812,
0.007643841207027435,
0.05462981015443802,
0.02633654512465,
0.020663056522607803,
-0.0015468274941667914,
-0.010759980417788029,
0.022188784554600716,
-0.06050065904855728,
0.018649809062480927,
0.09623440355062485,
-0.07223740220069885,
-0.10213927179574966,
0.08210922032594681,
0.0526391975581646,
-0.01319386251270771,
0.053184978663921356,
0.0677122101187706,
0.015330847352743149,
0.03350505605340004,
0.02023341692984104,
0.022684182971715927,
-0.045544955879449844,
0.09374824166297913,
0.00424756295979023,
0.02000635676085949,
-0.005805483087897301,
-0.0712050050497055,
0.0282517671585083,
0.005093696527183056,
0.08842005580663681,
-0.03197414427995682,
0.04022916778922081,
0.05308450385928154,
0.0076679084450006485,
-0.04372744634747505,
0.026059875264763832,
0.035497818142175674,
0.05601157248020172,
0.08325819671154022,
-0.06131421774625778,
0.042838532477617264,
-0.07735727727413177,
0.06707942485809326,
-0.04402269050478935,
0.01460536289960146,
0.002666905988007784,
-0.06239601597189903,
0.011996479704976082,
0.025045929476618767,
-0.08929747343063354,
0.07299631834030151,
0.02077995240688324,
0.07048249244689941,
-0.03612552210688591,
-0.024754216894507408,
0.008797704242169857,
-0.06080862134695053,
-0.030723169445991516,
-0.07992849498987198,
0.08047623932361603,
-0.018082361668348312,
0.016307298094034195,
0.05261384695768356,
-0.03472551703453064,
0.032847218215465546,
0.10719206184148788,
-0.04005051776766777,
0.06383892148733139,
-0.012370645999908447,
-0.039657097309827805,
-0.09450823068618774,
-4.9336513541220484e-8,
-0.039910946041345596,
0.03599003329873085,
0.0406593456864357,
-0.019015852361917496,
0.13480766117572784,
-0.016923366114497185,
0.037200480699539185,
0.012524915859103203,
-0.08881611377000809,
-0.06716779619455338,
-0.00970855075865984,
0.04324615001678467,
0.006664878688752651,
-0.08393710851669312,
-0.02018127590417862,
-0.058018121868371964,
0.01714911311864853,
0.03414945676922798,
-0.006558329798281193,
0.020077016204595566,
-0.09942135214805603,
-0.11245962977409363,
-0.0365031398832798,
-0.07844339311122894,
-0.09936238080263138,
0.005208788439631462,
0.031570643186569214,
0.08323150128126144,
0.1097337082028389,
-0.070467509329319,
-0.06737354397773743,
0.03252900019288063,
0.03584996983408928,
0.005901592317968607,
-0.06922134757041931,
-0.05286213383078575,
0.03355895355343819,
0.05462491512298584,
0.03405636176466942,
0.06636803597211838,
0.07163780182600021,
0.003341089468449354,
0.07324384897947311,
0.043540701270103455,
0.006438263226300478,
0.00046920820022933185,
-0.11552072316408157,
-0.07896371185779572,
0.0574817955493927,
-0.02877749130129814,
0.0006935880519449711,
-0.04983135312795639,
-0.0448777936398983,
0.1034461185336113,
-0.04819188266992569,
-0.04804237186908722,
-0.03095904551446438,
-0.015932194888591766,
-0.06982851028442383,
0.037280771881341934,
-0.0277347881346941,
-0.07044455409049988,
-0.05644124746322632,
-0.00645751366391778
] | {
"pdf_file": "CEANMN5G6I4ISNFSTYEX44YCLQ52GWCV.pdf",
"text": "First Class Mail (including Registered and Certified) Express Delivery Only\nAlaska Division of Insurance Alaska Division of Insurance\nP.O. Box 110805 333 Willoughby Avenue, 9th Floor\nJuneau, AK 99811-0805 Juneau, AK 99801\nA.\nB.\nOther Important Notes:\n1\n2\n3\n4\n5\n67\nIF YOU HAVE ANY QUESTIONS, PLEASE CALL REBECCA NESHEIM AT (907) 465-2584 OR EMAI\nL\nrebecca.nesheim@alaska.go vIn order to continue your registration as a risk retention group in Alaska, you must be in compliance with Alaska \nRegulation 3 AAC 24.060. The annual continuation application must be filed with a payment of the $200 continuation fee by December 31, 2009. Failure to send the completed application of continuation to our office by January 31, 2010\nwill result in the discontinuation of the risk retention group’s registration as of December 31, 2009.\nUnless properly registered, a risk retention group cannot transact insurance in accordance with the Liability Risk \nRetention Act of 1986.\nThe official premium tax/fees contact name, address, phone, fax, & email will change to the information on the report.ALASKA DIVISION OF INSURANCE\nIf the due date falls on a weekend or holiday, payment is due the next business day.The Annual Statement, supplements, exhibits and schedules must be filed electronically with the NAIC by March 1, \n2010, per Alaska Statute 21.09.200.\nThe Premium Tax payment must be postmarked on or before March 1, 2010 per AS 21.09.210. The payment can be \nmade by the Automated Clearing House payment method.The Annual Premium Tax Report Form 08-203 RRG must be mailed to the above address and postmarked on or \nbefore March 1, 2010.\nPremium tax refunds must be requested by letter and include supporting documentation.NOTE: Report written premium for the insurance of risks resident or located in Alaska as required by Alaska \nstatute 21.09.210. When a policy or contract covers subjects or risks located or resident in more than one state, allocate premium and report that portion that covers Alaska subjects or risksRISK RETENTION GROUPINSTRUCTIONS FOR FILING ANNUAL STATEMENT AND PREMIUM TAX REPORT\nIf the Risk Retention Group provides documentation that the proper collection, reporting and payment of applicable \ntaxes has been done by an Alaska Licensed Surplus Lines Broker (resident or nonresident) (AS 21.34.180), the liability for the payment of that portion of the tax is waived.\n 08-203RRG (Rev. 10/09) Organized Under the Laws of: NAIC #\nEmail:\n* Changing official record - see instructions\nPREMIUM TAX CALCULATION \n1. Premium Tax x 2.7% =\n(Schedule A) Net Premium\n2. Have any of the above taxes been collected, reported, and paid by an Alaska\nLicensed Surplus Lines Broker? Yes No\nIf yes, complete Schedule B on the following page and provide documentation.\n3. Deduct any taxes collected, reported, and paid by an Alaska Licensed Surplus\nLines Broker (Schedule B) from your total tax liability on Line 1.\n4. Less amounts already paid in Alaska (credits, etc.)\n5. Net Tax Payable with Report (if overpayment, please send written request for\nrefund or credit for tax year 2010).\n(Lines 1 - 3 - 4)\nSCHEDULE A. RISK RETENTION GROUPS (AS 21.09.210)\nGROSS PREMIUM INCOME:\n1. Total direct premium income written including policy memberships and other fees\n2. Finance and service charges \nTOTAL DIRECT PREMIUMS FOR RISKS RESIDENT OR LOCATED IN ALASKA\nDEDUCTIONS ALLOWED:\n4. Unabsorbed premiums or dividends refunded or credited to policyholders\nTOTAL DEDUCTIONS\nNET PREMIUM \nI, , being duly sworn, say that I am the \n(Company Official)\nof the above-named risk retention group and that the premium tax report is a complete, true and correct statement of all\npremiums and fees on business written by said company during the year ending December 31, 2009, on insurance ofproperty or risks resident or located in Alaska.2009 ANNUAL PREMIUM TAX REPORT \nMust be Postmarked on or before March 1, 2010RISK RETENTION GROUP\nNOTE: Report written premium for the insurance of risks resident or located in Alaska as required by Alaska \nstatute 21.09.210. When a policy or contract covers subjects or risks located or resident in more than one state, allocate premium and report that portion that covers Alaska subjects or risks\nSignatureFax: Phone: Contact Name and Address, if different than above *Mailing Address City, State, Zip Code\n(Title)Risk Retention Group NameALASKA DIVISION OF INSURANCE\n 08-203RRG (Rev. 10/09) 1 Schedule B. Report of Surplus Lines Broker Premiums and Taxe s\nLicense \nNumber2.7%\nTax Collected\nTotal Tax Collected by Surplus Lines Broker\nNOTE : You must provide documentation from the surplus lines broker verifying that the premium tax has bee n\ncollected and paid to the division.Date Taxes Reported & \nPaid to the Division Name of Surplus Lines Broker Premiums \nWritten\n 08-203RRG (Rev. 10/09) 2"
} |
[
-0.03565927594900131,
0.029313860461115837,
-0.020079659298062325,
0.014431779272854328,
0.09583570808172226,
0.04934237524867058,
-0.005320749711245298,
-0.010267296805977821,
-0.015003347769379616,
0.03979852423071861,
0.027783742174506187,
0.03481021896004677,
-0.00795174390077591,
0.02316717430949211,
-0.030605029314756393,
-0.031189389526844025,
-0.023902516812086105,
-0.011172832921147346,
0.009041878394782543,
0.10168841481208801,
-0.02751869335770607,
-0.012066876515746117,
0.0980120301246643,
-0.03844176232814789,
-0.09935291111469269,
-0.011905109509825706,
-0.024008681997656822,
-0.03592861071228981,
0.028444260358810425,
0.05020852014422417,
0.04022649675607681,
0.042485758662223816,
0.03837661072611809,
0.01141243614256382,
-0.02569526433944702,
-0.06022593379020691,
-0.005077356472611427,
-0.01876727119088173,
0.019080335274338722,
0.009745880961418152,
0.024962561205029488,
-0.10181467980146408,
0.009752755984663963,
0.050233568996191025,
-0.04859647527337074,
-0.0029464582912623882,
-0.004411830101162195,
0.07876857370138168,
-0.017347566783428192,
-0.017952337861061096,
0.008872220292687416,
-0.06611976027488708,
0.015661463141441345,
-0.048418715596199036,
-0.04614323005080223,
-0.06192799285054207,
0.0018796646036207676,
-0.07327914983034134,
-0.02208275906741619,
0.051523298025131226,
0.039388079196214676,
-0.007866932079195976,
-0.0004351804091129452,
0.02278333157300949,
-0.055017270147800446,
0.07600057870149612,
0.00412552896887064,
0.038353461772203445,
0.0740644782781601,
-0.0111478790640831,
-0.0805366262793541,
0.03741546720266342,
-0.0025519703049212694,
0.11244086176156998,
-0.0019239841494709253,
0.01634788140654564,
-0.02620827406644821,
0.039895132184028625,
0.13119783997535706,
0.012393897399306297,
0.050661850720644,
0.015064982697367668,
0.057252056896686554,
0.016684304922819138,
0.013211680576205254,
0.08920492976903915,
-0.02101272903382778,
0.043821822851896286,
-0.000989501248113811,
-0.06462612003087997,
0.029399897903203964,
0.04886932298541069,
-0.089292973279953,
0.03567531332373619,
-0.03855227306485176,
-0.02495298720896244,
-0.003644193522632122,
0.01810009591281414,
-0.07590765506029129,
0.04302315041422844,
-0.040794242173433304,
-0.008553036488592625,
0.0076240007765591145,
-0.04127763956785202,
-0.0808645486831665,
0.029526658356189728,
-0.03136889636516571,
-0.10488174855709076,
0.0013260494451969862,
0.018468037247657776,
0.03942694142460823,
0.06204666197299957,
0.03502175211906433,
-0.0449850857257843,
0.022435547783970833,
0.019675634801387787,
-0.007239520084112883,
0.045583054423332214,
0.05464087426662445,
0.053709372878074646,
0.04958689212799072,
-0.020297866314649582,
0.06250462681055069,
-0.04536658897995949,
0.10523054003715515,
0.024988655000925064,
0.007914905436336994,
1.23615243071861e-33,
0.06184094026684761,
0.06126594543457031,
0.08266860246658325,
0.006718446500599384,
-0.038170330226421356,
0.006270928308367729,
0.053551413118839264,
-0.022945662960410118,
0.016644099727272987,
0.008026846684515476,
0.012730736285448074,
-0.013453698717057705,
0.005034994799643755,
0.047206804156303406,
-0.05109259486198425,
0.02010578103363514,
-0.01597129926085472,
0.02667752094566822,
-0.08515132963657379,
0.0749291256070137,
0.046814337372779846,
-0.1296914666891098,
0.06247660145163536,
-0.0334479957818985,
-0.010844660922884941,
0.002202184172347188,
0.005439125467091799,
0.02208552323281765,
0.06402897089719772,
0.0014323501382023096,
-0.0037562542129307985,
0.12228500843048096,
0.040255289524793625,
-0.03250111639499664,
0.05190631002187729,
0.00735064223408699,
0.008486428298056126,
0.030668344348669052,
-0.052941951900720596,
-0.0015420971903949976,
-0.024090003222227097,
0.022611679509282112,
0.08295583724975586,
-0.0029617820400744677,
0.07894153892993927,
-0.031091419979929924,
-0.08001105487346649,
-0.02929058112204075,
0.012100009247660637,
-0.025157883763313293,
-0.025726869702339172,
0.05526474118232727,
-0.10494568198919296,
-0.09363063424825668,
-0.06927229464054108,
-0.002319819526746869,
-0.024664824828505516,
0.016136234626173973,
0.019891509786248207,
-0.006667027715593576,
-0.018616070970892906,
-0.052589427679777145,
-0.027377424761652946,
0.004800769500434399,
-0.11610442399978638,
-0.032917119562625885,
0.0229753777384758,
-0.06275319308042526,
-0.016375018283724785,
0.06565003842115402,
0.08761774748563766,
-0.014649256132543087,
-0.049980152398347855,
-0.04919026046991348,
0.05056145042181015,
0.009706311859190464,
0.03754233941435814,
-0.004439567681401968,
0.1664750576019287,
0.006637418642640114,
0.04850449785590172,
-0.010327854193747044,
0.0331236831843853,
-0.008523874916136265,
-0.019483886659145355,
-0.016598481684923172,
-0.009134460240602493,
0.052409201860427856,
-0.04391847178339958,
-0.020352046936750412,
-0.008532682433724403,
0.00034132873406633735,
-0.017415007576346397,
-0.018855823203921318,
0.04126882925629616,
-3.177760531009938e-33,
0.026193780824542046,
0.002953386167064309,
-0.013033507391810417,
-0.03321344777941704,
-0.00011652775719994679,
-0.029572226107120514,
0.12407234311103821,
-0.039543017745018005,
0.04376400262117386,
-0.0153955714777112,
0.05343122035264969,
-0.025557177141308784,
0.02433251589536667,
0.09394337981939316,
-0.007531054317951202,
0.015000873245298862,
-0.04640040919184685,
-0.07078702002763748,
-0.014090470038354397,
0.028271226212382317,
-0.032717835158109665,
0.06263195723295212,
-0.07935187220573425,
0.008381618186831474,
0.0014525443548336625,
-0.0025009645614773035,
-0.03008118085563183,
0.07112879306077957,
0.02668829634785652,
-0.0706249326467514,
-0.029541419818997383,
0.02920539863407612,
-0.057909008115530014,
0.047233544290065765,
-0.035159170627593994,
0.04277095943689346,
0.11366311460733414,
-0.021972276270389557,
0.0034459824673831463,
0.0006379124242812395,
0.04619608446955681,
0.023064041510224342,
-0.09545042365789413,
-0.022490626201033592,
-0.0553913451731205,
0.06559788435697556,
0.004995021969079971,
0.06496907770633698,
-0.022667013108730316,
0.016047697514295578,
-0.06184329092502594,
0.043113742023706436,
-0.06396140903234482,
0.006622791290283203,
-0.03805951029062271,
0.022527068853378296,
-0.06590404361486435,
-0.009004068560898304,
-0.07849950343370438,
0.10235317051410675,
-0.10136501491069794,
0.05022311955690384,
-0.08793962746858597,
0.021197421476244926,
0.0036436549853533506,
-0.02809486724436283,
0.04647517204284668,
0.05511702224612236,
0.05491549149155617,
-0.03823365271091461,
-0.08282610028982162,
-0.05215129256248474,
-0.07318665832281113,
-0.1843966841697693,
-0.0370476208627224,
-0.02459285408258438,
-0.009417993016541004,
-0.06542579084634781,
-0.058135926723480225,
0.021288497373461723,
-0.016371633857488632,
-0.15522682666778564,
-0.07478698343038559,
0.018402881920337677,
-0.018771810457110405,
0.03906102851033211,
0.05689792335033417,
-0.12823094427585602,
-0.053790025413036346,
0.11970560997724533,
-0.09902030974626541,
-0.0328090600669384,
-0.12990140914916992,
-0.051381733268499374,
-0.07362589240074158,
-5.375616396463556e-8,
0.05823839455842972,
0.053410738706588745,
-0.023721029981970787,
-0.021214857697486877,
0.0330386646091938,
-0.04433318227529526,
-0.11110326647758484,
0.03294001519680023,
0.021984880790114403,
0.03565201163291931,
0.12478199601173401,
-0.006132090464234352,
-0.014851504005491734,
-0.02630726620554924,
0.07276672124862671,
-0.025047913193702698,
-0.058578312397003174,
0.0703401193022728,
-0.05649416148662567,
-0.019849954172968864,
0.00034943397622555494,
0.024865522980690002,
-0.03419522941112518,
-0.0010118397185578942,
-0.021000636741518974,
0.062019232660532,
0.03816203400492668,
0.022215263918042183,
0.06706150621175766,
-0.04493921622633934,
-0.001250535948202014,
-0.021960364654660225,
0.010861046612262726,
0.05192049965262413,
-0.03983009606599808,
-0.04195240139961243,
-0.0271393284201622,
-0.02069072425365448,
0.12748970091342926,
-0.03888271749019623,
0.05343698337674141,
0.003095545805990696,
-0.01725117303431034,
0.017850413918495178,
-0.04179694876074791,
-0.04510887339711189,
-0.10517200827598572,
-0.0510486401617527,
0.017717236652970314,
-0.07587237656116486,
-0.07251225411891937,
-0.020946761593222618,
0.007258312311023474,
0.013706420548260212,
0.034314654767513275,
0.06036119908094406,
0.02016054466366768,
0.0018721695523709059,
-0.018815714865922928,
-0.007284107618033886,
-0.00772792287170887,
-0.10856203734874725,
0.00652866717427969,
-0.018915673717856407
] | {
"pdf_file": "APIOSIGX4MKMHFQO5ZZK6YR5Z7IUFJOU.pdf",
"text": "June 27, 2011: Hastings Recognizes National HIV Testing Day\n(Fort Lauderdale, FL) Today, Congressman Alcee L. Hastings (D-Miramar) made the following\nstatement to mark the 17th Annual National HIV Testing Day, a joint initiative between the\nNational Association of People With AIDS (NAPWA) and the Centers for Disease Control and\nPrevention (CDC) aimed at promoting HIV testing.\n \n\"There are approximately 1.1 million people living in the United States with HIV/AIDS and an\nestimated 56,300 Americans are newly infected each year. Furthermore, according to the\nCenters for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), more than one in five HIV-positive\nindividuals are unaware that they are infected. This is truly alarming.\n \n\"I commend NAPWA and the CDC for all their hard work in making National HIV Testing Day a\nsuccess year after year. We must ensure access to HIV testing that is confidential, rapid, and\naccurate. Combining the effectiveness of voluntary, routine screening with smart policy can help\nstem the transmission of, and improve the health outcomes associated with, this virus.\n \n\"Routine screening for HIV has been proven to save lives and reduce new infections. That is\nwhy I introduced in May the Increasing Access to Voluntary Screening for HIV/AIDS and STIs\nAct of 2011 . Among other things, the bill requires Medicaid to cover\nvoluntary screening for HIV/AIDS and other STIs as a mandatory service for all individuals 13\nand older. It also provides states with the support they need to cover low-income individuals\ninfected with HIV until Medicaid is expanded in 2014 under the \nPatient Protection and Affordable Care Act\n.\n \n\"We cannot talk about HIV testing without also addressing access to care. In providing\nincreased funding to the AIDS Drug Assistance Program (ADAP) in the full-year Continuing\nResolution for FY 2011, Congress brought much-needed relief to individuals living with\nHIV/AIDS who were waiting for antiretroviral treatment and other related services. However,\nfurther commitment is needed to bring an end to the ongoing ADAP funding crisis. In fact,\nFlorida continues to lead ADAP waiting lists in 13 states nationwide with 3,581 individuals.\n \n\"This National HIV Testing Day, I pledge to continue working with my colleagues in Congress to\naddress barriers to HIV testing and access to care, as well as secure additional funding for\nADAP and other national prevention and treatment efforts. I also urge all sexually-active\n 1 / 2 June 27, 2011: Hastings Recognizes National HIV Testing Day\nAmericans to get tested and know their status. HIV/AIDS is not just a personal health issue; it is\na community health issue and we all have a responsibility to do our part in preventing the\nincidence and transmission of this disease.\"\n \nCongressman Alcee L. Hastings serves as Senior Member of the House Rules Committee,\nRanking Democratic Member of the U.S. Helsinki Commission, and Democratic Chairman of the\nFlorida Delegation.\n \n###\n \n 2 / 2"
} |
[
-0.0020046031568199396,
-0.03804025426506996,
0.03604517877101898,
-0.02145264483988285,
-0.028399715200066566,
-0.055171359330415726,
0.008216054178774357,
-0.01489888597279787,
-0.03733007609844208,
-0.0034002605825662613,
0.011376740410923958,
0.045839518308639526,
0.12109114974737167,
0.01913512498140335,
-0.01668030209839344,
0.020478229969739914,
0.07148449867963791,
0.06348244100809097,
0.009495427832007408,
-0.029429903253912926,
0.043639883399009705,
0.10613341629505157,
-0.06802187114953995,
-0.03357246145606041,
0.03373610973358154,
0.027683064341545105,
-0.03831099346280098,
-0.008611753582954407,
-0.020280327647924423,
-0.029634827747941017,
0.0013766956981271505,
-0.013794565573334694,
0.05694577842950821,
0.03028181381523609,
0.0447479709982872,
0.011083797551691532,
0.015819532796740532,
0.006399387959390879,
-0.017745478078722954,
0.006528676953166723,
-0.05105980113148689,
-0.011994194239377975,
0.05864127725362778,
0.035616979002952576,
0.018392907455563545,
-0.006911111064255238,
0.02510891482234001,
-0.07256593555212021,
0.0654904767870903,
0.10738147795200348,
0.006258023902773857,
-0.000726457335986197,
0.06195073947310448,
0.012353475205600262,
-0.09353269636631012,
0.04014773666858673,
-0.0673302635550499,
0.009716100990772247,
-0.033651407808065414,
0.07261093705892563,
-0.02159353904426098,
0.01873384788632393,
0.02154129184782505,
-0.05454469099640846,
0.015279626473784447,
0.0651516318321228,
0.006844824180006981,
-0.02359110675752163,
0.024568205699324608,
-0.21208292245864868,
0.08313563466072083,
0.06596745550632477,
-0.09163858741521835,
-0.021910151466727257,
-0.0049157231114804745,
-0.04025952145457268,
0.0019933730363845825,
0.02949903905391693,
-0.020190753042697906,
-0.0893002450466156,
-0.02580464817583561,
0.0001408613461535424,
0.022273967042565346,
0.03610394150018692,
-0.04735494777560234,
0.00646301731467247,
-0.012795758433640003,
0.04649321734905243,
0.098702073097229,
0.012745154090225697,
-0.003918059170246124,
-0.044969916343688965,
0.03876345604658127,
-0.042741939425468445,
-0.03038105182349682,
0.0033528683707118034,
-0.09640785306692123,
-0.08577799052000046,
-0.0676756426692009,
0.07571148127317429,
-0.007482084445655346,
0.026908574625849724,
-0.007787346839904785,
-0.03694305568933487,
0.022848423570394516,
-0.0002099153061863035,
-0.0021062081214040518,
0.03853486850857735,
-0.11814841628074646,
0.06611409783363342,
0.06744801998138428,
0.028941307216882706,
-0.024157222360372543,
-0.02505204826593399,
-0.03932526335120201,
-0.0236919354647398,
0.013476893305778503,
-0.04397236928343773,
0.03812916576862335,
-0.049358099699020386,
-0.004800870083272457,
0.03865142911672592,
-0.017762556672096252,
-0.01541944034397602,
0.014595597982406616,
-0.024090809747576714,
0.031927477568387985,
3.833418586461978e-33,
0.03207448124885559,
0.05842721834778786,
0.0245125163346529,
0.02735994942486286,
-0.1301025003194809,
-0.005710219498723745,
0.0031199241057038307,
0.0014755703741684556,
-0.046831149607896805,
-0.02639682963490486,
-0.016670171171426773,
0.08171328157186508,
0.0566541850566864,
0.07433325797319412,
-0.007065672893077135,
-0.004719942808151245,
0.0058659641072154045,
0.01500610914081335,
0.07356397062540054,
-0.029690247029066086,
-0.11331328749656677,
-0.017687764018774033,
0.0003363292198628187,
0.021027442067861557,
0.025450915098190308,
0.03306306526064873,
0.00412132078781724,
0.06137616187334061,
-0.026316944509744644,
0.041661448776721954,
0.03289050981402397,
-0.05371999740600586,
0.010212672874331474,
0.05565688759088516,
0.07356283068656921,
0.0347178652882576,
-0.0491117425262928,
-0.010070396587252617,
-0.04812042787671089,
-0.0007175131468102336,
-0.02397591434419155,
-0.05179879441857338,
-0.053589459508657455,
0.1251930594444275,
-0.0741407498717308,
0.004115614574402571,
0.053115520626306534,
-0.01913394033908844,
0.03519560024142265,
-0.03169051185250282,
0.017180804163217545,
0.10928331315517426,
0.0036797593347728252,
-0.004472493659704924,
-0.03842078149318695,
-0.09468479454517365,
-0.010810823179781437,
-0.0707908570766449,
-0.05947376415133476,
0.022658294066786766,
0.029879912734031677,
0.015071844682097435,
-0.0578979067504406,
0.011507837101817131,
-0.06030925363302231,
-0.11751909554004669,
-0.040951572358608246,
-0.025582417845726013,
0.07326822727918625,
-0.05047226697206497,
0.048778221011161804,
0.01791023090481758,
0.11382953822612762,
0.10152652114629745,
-0.029230639338493347,
-0.005904472898691893,
-0.02582656219601631,
0.053269967436790466,
0.048957064747810364,
0.0429738312959671,
-0.00942619051784277,
-0.1310800164937973,
0.0019147671991959214,
0.06779990345239639,
-0.02812911756336689,
0.04921559616923332,
0.07190188020467758,
-0.016931980848312378,
-0.02507776953279972,
-0.03882388770580292,
0.023313820362091064,
0.07905596494674683,
0.006383667234331369,
0.02740808017551899,
0.09553775936365128,
-3.8343262885060034e-33,
-0.056025344878435135,
-0.026283247396349907,
-0.038761939853429794,
0.00146750349085778,
-0.05531963333487511,
-0.08920048177242279,
0.10588585585355759,
-0.02284093201160431,
-0.004741616081446409,
-0.005576896946877241,
-0.073475182056427,
-0.06326994299888611,
-0.006185387726873159,
-0.0652703046798706,
-0.00710702408105135,
0.02449497953057289,
-0.0015067809727042913,
-0.07384093850851059,
0.019579442217946053,
0.05295770242810249,
-0.061796944588422775,
0.05450236052274704,
-0.04150160774588585,
-0.0025082603096961975,
-0.0035028003621846437,
0.04063890501856804,
-0.06589578092098236,
-0.023378673940896988,
-0.04977312311530113,
0.015599774196743965,
0.0012901407899335027,
-0.09993014484643936,
0.04124116897583008,
-0.021004296839237213,
-0.060805246233940125,
0.012368435971438885,
0.013697929680347443,
0.0310942605137825,
0.017606746405363083,
-0.05358901619911194,
-0.04628285765647888,
0.0015486205229535699,
0.05801745131611824,
0.015646250918507576,
0.00031683212728239596,
0.05586476996541023,
0.047196969389915466,
0.07026611268520355,
-0.0027806872967630625,
-0.009015221148729324,
-0.02811606414616108,
0.10168319940567017,
-0.03652330860495567,
-0.05329035595059395,
0.04204441234469414,
-0.0032057208009064198,
-0.05854818969964981,
0.05205801874399185,
-0.04234614595770836,
0.02602369338274002,
0.022193757817149162,
0.007726458832621574,
0.03939363732933998,
0.03724312409758568,
0.03486565127968788,
-0.01823383755981922,
0.08612696826457977,
-0.08846094459295273,
-0.09507068246603012,
0.034100644290447235,
-0.007767250761389732,
-0.11938968300819397,
0.06519284844398499,
-0.0744018405675888,
0.07798809558153152,
0.004359889775514603,
0.042760252952575684,
0.045355070382356644,
-0.044595640152692795,
-0.033943090587854385,
0.03736928850412369,
-0.013275225646793842,
-0.005453368648886681,
0.05118485912680626,
0.08723058551549911,
0.0040099178440868855,
-0.004625079687684774,
-0.06790275871753693,
0.031054865568876266,
0.020515717566013336,
-0.1202898621559143,
0.01713363267481327,
-0.10830866545438766,
0.03675111383199692,
-0.032206740230321884,
-4.0649467791809e-8,
0.0628521665930748,
0.009096148423850536,
-0.09824267029762268,
-0.051319025456905365,
-0.008290611207485199,
0.02246522344648838,
0.06582316756248474,
0.131608247756958,
-0.03357666730880737,
-0.009402369149029255,
0.04966878890991211,
-0.030481744557619095,
-0.13586844503879547,
-0.007596525363624096,
0.0439130961894989,
-0.00631432281807065,
0.04696927219629288,
0.012756861746311188,
-0.02108624018728733,
-0.061367571353912354,
-0.025070782750844955,
0.011449114419519901,
-0.019860517233610153,
-0.07451943308115005,
-0.05606044456362724,
0.02207961119711399,
-0.029316313564777374,
0.0069153280928730965,
0.039744600653648376,
-0.07698509097099304,
0.07053892314434052,
0.010756898671388626,
-0.010578623972833157,
-0.007207683753222227,
0.029146619141101837,
0.029337871819734573,
0.002242045244202018,
-0.018942732363939285,
0.011742442846298218,
0.02551310695707798,
-0.005666038487106562,
0.08297596871852875,
-0.022604648023843765,
0.0370335727930069,
0.06244999170303345,
0.004470749758183956,
0.04104147478938103,
-0.04219479858875275,
0.04931367561221123,
-0.018758131191134453,
-0.029097624123096466,
-0.06920312345027924,
-0.004383513703942299,
0.08706704527139664,
0.06368586421012878,
0.0015953656984493136,
0.0033507610205560923,
-0.16844289004802704,
0.031617626547813416,
0.11834386736154556,
-0.02211810275912285,
0.02031070366501808,
-0.08150093257427216,
-0.034694407135248184
] | {
"pdf_file": "JQTLTBNFMLOTJNAZWAJGUYXUWJ42X5WM.pdf",
"text": "Utah Parcels Interactive Map Contributed by Rick Kelson\n18, Feb. 2010\nLast Updated 18, Feb. 2010\nThe Utah Parcels interactive map is a web application designed for viewing and querying Utah parcel data available from\nthe SGID. The application allows you to view parcel boundaries and get information about the parcel including parcel\nnumber, address, parcel ownership type, and county recorder contact information.The Utah parcel data is updated semi-\nannually and can be download directly from here .The Utah Parcels Interactive Map application utilizes the ArcGIS\nJavaScript REST API.Sean Fernandez is the Utah Cadastral Surveyor managing the Utah parcel data.View Utah Parcels\ninteractive map. \nUtah GIS Portal\nhttp://gis.utah.gov Powered by Joomla! Generated: 26 March, 2010, 02:47"
} |
[
-0.01278561819344759,
-0.10971781611442566,
0.04461509734392166,
0.014959934167563915,
-0.02428019978106022,
-0.011284817941486835,
-0.02667710743844509,
-0.0675753802061081,
-0.029695171862840652,
-0.016846532002091408,
-0.02592235617339611,
-0.04202141612768173,
0.03496752306818962,
-0.012218037620186806,
0.0220873411744833,
0.0074257259257137775,
0.043416205793619156,
0.012040031142532825,
0.005786931607872248,
-0.02842766046524048,
0.026147903874516487,
-0.03473315387964249,
0.05556492507457733,
-0.025984784588217735,
0.016545787453651428,
-0.010509876534342766,
-0.03201676160097122,
0.011041260324418545,
-0.05763053521513939,
-0.012598808854818344,
-0.08133842796087265,
0.07804568856954575,
0.0333578921854496,
0.028912946581840515,
0.09386642277240753,
-0.02633548714220524,
-0.04915336146950722,
0.1271454244852066,
0.100572369992733,
0.0319124236702919,
-0.03484144061803818,
0.037213221192359924,
0.05969582870602608,
0.06771437078714371,
-0.020726943388581276,
-0.07797418534755707,
-0.0663377195596695,
-0.10746685415506363,
0.010344648733735085,
-0.03515426069498062,
0.005210348404943943,
-0.007977914065122604,
-0.05433198809623718,
0.08415735512971878,
-0.04697040095925331,
0.014252638444304466,
-0.028346536681056023,
0.019097547978162766,
-0.036705758422613144,
0.01915765553712845,
-0.010878877714276314,
-0.04179595038294792,
-0.029989100992679596,
0.03227504715323448,
-0.009186581708490849,
0.010369401425123215,
-0.08187220245599747,
0.027776649221777916,
-0.017834438011050224,
-0.03627850115299225,
0.030621381476521492,
-0.04889297857880592,
-0.11542409658432007,
0.05835353583097458,
0.11289537698030472,
0.0916111096739769,
0.038661763072013855,
0.03244180232286453,
-0.0007553361938335001,
0.018132058903574944,
-0.006598501466214657,
0.01992723159492016,
-0.002039683749899268,
-0.07654111832380295,
-0.027097400277853012,
-0.03455593064427376,
-0.02280893176794052,
-0.018538491800427437,
-0.019592013210058212,
0.009057140909135342,
0.008876711130142212,
-0.06008289009332657,
0.015409572049975395,
-0.08359433710575104,
0.003446251852437854,
-0.028964191675186157,
-0.02209576405584812,
-0.03197327256202698,
0.04426954314112663,
0.03905655816197395,
-0.07840637862682343,
0.017187103629112244,
0.05208093300461769,
-0.07193195074796677,
-0.06889655441045761,
0.014831976033747196,
-0.015262242406606674,
0.005565685220062733,
0.044787123799324036,
0.03198077529668808,
0.020432494580745697,
-0.0028291484341025352,
-0.04041045159101486,
0.00786975584924221,
-0.02710992656648159,
0.040240999311208725,
0.03202279657125473,
0.055383823812007904,
0.11251375824213028,
0.07770983874797821,
-0.029102155938744545,
-0.0017667182255536318,
0.010585753247141838,
0.033253900706768036,
0.02684049680829048,
0.00927721057087183,
-0.07732485979795456,
1.2228945442144639e-32,
-0.019870782271027565,
0.08170784264802933,
0.010337404906749725,
-0.012429295107722282,
-0.02075459063053131,
-0.08798220753669739,
-0.050343502312898636,
-0.02681266888976097,
-0.07552686333656311,
0.04899442195892334,
-0.007922304794192314,
0.19207115471363068,
0.05231747031211853,
0.043885380029678345,
0.05944469943642616,
0.025197437033057213,
-0.02697824500501156,
0.030510423704981804,
0.02034534327685833,
0.06016578525304794,
0.040842894464731216,
0.03287860006093979,
-0.017744580283761024,
-0.01372841652482748,
-0.13863159716129303,
-0.05267254263162613,
-0.10736436396837234,
-0.007378601003438234,
-0.0712999477982521,
0.04340742528438568,
-0.003834783099591732,
0.0014111280906945467,
-0.08193423599004745,
0.021207140758633614,
0.010606033727526665,
-0.03225424140691757,
0.0163735318928957,
-0.018233522772789,
0.028540344908833504,
-0.055880021303892136,
-0.08795861154794693,
0.04227333143353462,
0.009430557489395142,
0.046805694699287415,
0.11447806656360626,
-0.025453010573983192,
0.09097813069820404,
-0.005264887586236,
0.0884210616350174,
-0.018308056518435478,
-0.04845833778381348,
-0.06683588773012161,
0.04677979648113251,
-0.032198332250118256,
-0.018091164529323578,
0.041946083307266235,
0.08017218112945557,
0.02057619020342827,
0.06133929267525673,
0.051431506872177124,
-0.03358696028590202,
0.04074133560061455,
-0.05248161405324936,
-0.06549836695194244,
-0.0445106104016304,
-0.04682986065745354,
-0.029657362028956413,
0.032694194465875626,
0.09463585913181305,
-0.000042190415115328506,
-0.05121297761797905,
-0.01867256499826908,
-0.020498694851994514,
-0.0045433952473104,
0.052982281893491745,
0.015927596017718315,
-0.023514946922659874,
-0.0253017395734787,
0.006019469350576401,
0.029728319495916367,
-0.0810936987400055,
-0.0707302838563919,
-0.08209376782178879,
0.00029899663059040904,
0.032108958810567856,
0.006160312797874212,
-0.005497532431036234,
-0.007696554530411959,
-0.010992138646543026,
0.029582476243376732,
0.03105359897017479,
-0.027639472857117653,
-0.036121923476457596,
0.07467459887266159,
-0.00357795343734324,
-1.2186900947951603e-32,
0.06957272440195084,
0.00031513540307059884,
-0.024715611711144447,
0.04568982496857643,
0.05382067710161209,
-0.042834244668483734,
0.10095173865556717,
-0.06221510097384453,
-0.012164706364274025,
-0.057334788143634796,
0.04009097442030907,
-0.03363154083490372,
-0.036486849188804626,
0.000653433904517442,
0.014256089925765991,
-0.01716211996972561,
0.04024520516395569,
0.030775107443332672,
-0.06256044656038284,
0.05533343926072121,
-0.015728387981653214,
-0.020700855180621147,
-0.012828951701521873,
-0.02106742560863495,
0.015126037411391735,
0.058994781225919724,
-0.05731573700904846,
0.015820646658539772,
0.0578545406460762,
0.08283495157957077,
-0.02383485436439514,
0.03516318276524544,
0.01827714405953884,
0.03733620047569275,
-0.022004250437021255,
-0.036083824932575226,
0.0628313347697258,
0.023226529359817505,
-0.05038992315530777,
0.027843337506055832,
0.09386690706014633,
-0.016869202256202698,
-0.0006957449950277805,
0.1101166382431984,
0.09128248691558838,
-0.02310481294989586,
-0.030692338943481445,
0.03312171623110771,
-0.061994850635528564,
0.053137801587581635,
-0.046746376901865005,
-0.005281621590256691,
-0.04376888647675514,
-0.005570661276578903,
0.04868051037192345,
-0.041124362498521805,
0.08382812142372131,
-0.021069221198558807,
-0.13210976123809814,
0.002996085211634636,
0.018934398889541626,
-0.0430278405547142,
-0.011691399849951267,
0.08051751554012299,
0.03409643843770027,
-0.0727895200252533,
-0.0467507503926754,
0.026819298043847084,
-0.1432998776435852,
0.05372772365808487,
-0.021692661568522453,
0.03402801975607872,
-0.08063428848981857,
-0.1498863250017166,
-0.003254703711718321,
0.030846090987324715,
0.05541933327913284,
-0.013988634571433067,
-0.040942706167697906,
-0.03573989495635033,
-0.06684413552284241,
-0.021114589646458626,
-0.016960550099611282,
0.041839420795440674,
0.04109673574566841,
0.0641879290342331,
-0.02673756331205368,
-0.002445534337311983,
0.06924058496952057,
0.0408465601503849,
-0.0011589739006012678,
-0.045905932784080505,
0.11153055727481842,
-0.022198403254151344,
-0.022091791033744812,
-6.56734471249365e-8,
-0.046146098524332047,
0.02327137067914009,
-0.0348239466547966,
0.07387181371450424,
0.05228465050458908,
0.017583616077899933,
-0.05931013077497482,
-0.018332302570343018,
-0.028839241713285446,
0.015645166859030724,
0.05242617800831795,
0.03265494480729103,
0.006257746368646622,
-0.02769318036735058,
0.10458678752183914,
0.03900514915585518,
0.024101808667182922,
-0.0012199718039482832,
-0.007624365855008364,
-0.052585359662771225,
-0.0532565601170063,
-0.05052120238542557,
-0.006438028998672962,
0.06771276146173477,
-0.05815083533525467,
0.03500571846961975,
0.005714273080229759,
-0.06838422268629074,
0.060931216925382614,
0.0273613091558218,
-0.041627779603004456,
-0.0810413584113121,
-0.07640201598405838,
-0.09658864140510559,
0.09681597352027893,
-0.021798575296998024,
-0.036229684948921204,
-0.0637098178267479,
0.03469443321228027,
0.00647809449583292,
-0.04803099110722542,
-0.12820948660373688,
-0.0804809033870697,
0.009596169926226139,
0.10970785468816757,
0.028938747942447662,
-0.015851037576794624,
0.03453587368130684,
0.058639008551836014,
-0.023408416658639908,
-0.028852678835392,
-0.0877520740032196,
-0.10044026374816895,
-0.0742838978767395,
0.00975180882960558,
0.0326860174536705,
0.07220492511987686,
-0.04009053483605385,
-0.003172552213072777,
-0.06146850064396858,
0.060387302190065384,
0.02032848447561264,
-0.015080166049301624,
-0.0398876778781414
] | {
"pdf_file": "N3J3XUQEKRF55Q5R4CDOO6XNSN3BPO7M.pdf",
"text": " Other\n Associate Degrees\nAssociate of Arts\nAssociate of Individual Study\nAssociate of Labor Studies\nAssociate of Science\nAssociate of Technical Study\nBelmont Technical College A\nBGSU - Firelands College A AA\nCentral Ohio Technical College\nCincinnati State Technical & Community College AA AA\nClark State Community College A AA\nColumbus State Community College A AA\nCuyahoga Community College AAIAA\nEdison State Community College A AA\nHocking Technical College A A\nJefferson Community College A AA\nKSU - Ashtabula Campus A AA\nKSU - East Liverpool Campus A AA\nKSU - Geauga Campus A AA\nKSU - Salem Campus A AA\nKSU - Stark Campus A A\nKSU - Trumbull Campus A AA\nKSU - Tuscarawas Campus A AA\nLakeland Community College A AA\nLima Technical College A\nLorain Community College AA AA\nMarion Technical College A\nMU - Hamilton Campus A AA\nMU - Middletown Campus A AA\nMuskingum Area Technical College A\nNorth Central Technical College A\nNorthwest State Community College A AA\nOSU - Agricultural Technical Institute AA\nOU - Chillicothe Campus AA A\nOU - Ironton Campus A A\nOU - Lancaster Campus AA A\nOU - Zanesville Campus AA A\nOwens State Community College - Findlay A\nOwens State Community College - Toledo A AA\nRio Grande Community College A AA\nShawnee State University A/M A A\nSinclair Community College AAAAA\nSouthern State Community College A AA\nStark State College of Technology A\nTerra State Community College AA AA\nUA - Community & Technical College AAIAA\nUA - Wayne College A AA\nUC - Clermont College AA AA\nUC - OMI College of Applied Science\nUC - Raymond Walters College A AA\nUC - University College A A\nUT - Community & Technical College A AA\nWashington State Community College AA A\nWSU - Lake Campus A AA\nKEY: A=Two Year Associate Program M=Major Available in a Two Year Degree Program\nC=One Year Certificate (One-Plus-One) I=Inactive ProgramOther - Page 1\nMay 1998"
} |
[
-0.049773361533880234,
0.09990238398313522,
-0.045439593493938446,
-0.004377711098641157,
0.007319736760109663,
0.044840577989816666,
-0.03190308436751366,
-0.003816574113443494,
-0.01450794655829668,
0.03584684804081917,
0.04488961398601532,
-0.027192728593945503,
0.06006423383951187,
0.007985565811395645,
-0.053651005029678345,
0.03455261141061783,
0.0626138374209404,
0.03169303387403488,
-0.025999078527092934,
0.013703268952667713,
-0.009089125320315361,
0.013793342746794224,
-0.03760124742984772,
-0.03476543352007866,
-0.043924201279878616,
0.009809519164264202,
-0.09142667800188065,
-0.01656373217701912,
-0.006552106700837612,
-0.08276371657848358,
-0.023835154250264168,
0.004704565741121769,
-0.05055684223771095,
0.05386621132493019,
0.07165850698947906,
-0.004757169634103775,
0.014446218498051167,
0.002110713627189398,
-0.009299276396632195,
-0.004270268604159355,
0.05257749184966087,
0.026099160313606262,
0.028716441243886948,
0.012054402381181717,
-0.013741123490035534,
-0.006557614542543888,
-0.037109941244125366,
0.06142648309469223,
0.002129608765244484,
0.01438303291797638,
-0.012125259265303612,
-0.008502500131726265,
0.03936449810862541,
0.037100210785865784,
-0.05595383048057556,
-0.03909425437450409,
0.04354657605290413,
0.01212281733751297,
0.0069346255622804165,
-0.06380332261323929,
0.03209066018462181,
0.03957999497652054,
-0.06667069345712662,
-0.008822695352137089,
-0.031114477664232254,
-0.039204902946949005,
0.028362303972244263,
-0.06159808859229088,
0.05655180662870407,
-0.013151103630661964,
0.07045326381921768,
0.0897815003991127,
-0.025371085852384567,
0.008662885054945946,
-0.039870861917734146,
0.028309663757681847,
0.005828040186315775,
0.03167081996798515,
0.07790122181177139,
-0.07210072129964828,
-0.01452098973095417,
-0.07211305946111679,
-0.007647932041436434,
-0.0530770942568779,
0.0004806604119949043,
-0.04141806438565254,
-0.021642088890075684,
-0.001745157758705318,
0.09233477711677551,
-0.06744729727506638,
0.030552631244063377,
0.057356201112270355,
0.03407461941242218,
-0.019704269245266914,
0.026446444913744926,
-0.03951572999358177,
-0.007335311733186245,
0.0326758474111557,
0.02833639085292816,
0.09260407090187073,
0.036763038486242294,
-0.008599902503192425,
-0.0609721839427948,
-0.03092070110142231,
0.02420014701783657,
-0.023211630061268806,
-0.0035226664040237665,
0.015952983871102333,
-0.07566528767347336,
-0.040240321308374405,
0.0036971205845475197,
0.023120829835534096,
0.08782950043678284,
-0.01802367903292179,
0.03541885316371918,
0.05832719802856445,
0.012314804829657078,
0.052280277013778687,
0.006991185247898102,
-0.05824987590312958,
0.013358437456190586,
0.0874868854880333,
-0.12597356736660004,
0.004547823686152697,
-0.021358799189329147,
-0.02219933643937111,
-0.011293649673461914,
1.883573797254438e-32,
0.019367720931768417,
-0.03722144663333893,
-0.03898744657635689,
0.008287233300507069,
0.09946027398109436,
0.053099147975444794,
0.001471361960284412,
0.01834540069103241,
-0.027723023667931557,
0.0013569062575697899,
-0.0640692412853241,
-0.06971900165081024,
0.05424170568585396,
-0.06835684180259705,
-0.10777784883975983,
0.04660528525710106,
-0.011698884889483452,
0.0022725744638592005,
-0.15401704609394073,
-0.02053157612681389,
0.06533877551555634,
-0.030058113858103752,
0.011798357591032982,
0.10298046469688416,
-0.1485353261232376,
-0.013226121664047241,
-0.030716782435774803,
0.02226250246167183,
0.0163284745067358,
-0.005545339081436396,
0.02736980840563774,
0.06528947502374649,
0.0328340157866478,
0.0934208407998085,
0.08149449527263641,
0.06512344628572464,
0.036163944751024246,
-0.05506942421197891,
-0.04110850393772125,
-0.009163287468254566,
-0.009779826737940311,
0.0038117682561278343,
-0.0011457564542070031,
0.01906583085656166,
-0.03259102255105972,
-0.048023611307144165,
-0.010404814966022968,
-0.013820849359035492,
-0.013647458516061306,
0.018529614433646202,
-0.06015405431389809,
0.06367740780115128,
-0.011389083229005337,
0.005681816954165697,
-0.10724493116140366,
0.002393848728388548,
-0.10074064135551453,
0.10237456858158112,
0.020096158608794212,
0.04175401106476784,
-0.0040026637725532055,
0.11019548028707504,
-0.057501375675201416,
0.03607076779007912,
-0.09194595366716385,
-0.12243455648422241,
-0.05154282972216606,
-0.01692359894514084,
0.04231153428554535,
-0.060769952833652496,
0.0489637665450573,
0.05717255175113678,
0.07637659460306168,
0.05343859642744064,
0.047157663851976395,
-0.08496352285146713,
0.06050485372543335,
-0.019786644726991653,
0.002099308418110013,
-0.08182991296052933,
-0.1267382800579071,
-0.0043409946374595165,
-0.003993160091340542,
0.058782756328582764,
0.002515841042622924,
-0.10367366671562195,
0.009959816001355648,
-0.11185303330421448,
-0.04588131979107857,
0.0076361787505447865,
-0.004580565262585878,
-0.01661314256489277,
-0.010168869979679585,
-0.027999788522720337,
0.03501834720373154,
-1.791095158749753e-32,
-0.017417604103684425,
-0.03578786551952362,
0.0037242532707750797,
0.03313998505473137,
0.04661495238542557,
-0.06740026921033859,
-0.007500193081796169,
-0.016121188178658485,
-0.008468584157526493,
-0.10464774817228317,
-0.0407981239259243,
0.006356027442961931,
0.04786066338419914,
0.07387018203735352,
-0.02765783853828907,
0.041891250759363174,
0.04787058383226395,
0.014594877138733864,
-0.009976617991924286,
0.03528358042240143,
0.0409412682056427,
0.05880150571465492,
-0.13439369201660156,
0.01283090841025114,
-0.0017182186711579561,
-0.011641532182693481,
0.06380051374435425,
-0.10092845559120178,
0.008890573866665363,
0.0319049246609211,
-0.023516984656453133,
0.01854761503636837,
-0.10641515254974365,
0.0527348592877388,
-0.03519761934876442,
-0.018432484939694405,
0.13660643994808197,
-0.015072534792125225,
-0.025449467822909355,
0.047329533845186234,
0.012782057747244835,
0.0012551010586321354,
0.0018698765197768807,
0.040856316685676575,
0.07848269492387772,
0.052014369517564774,
0.024632204324007034,
-0.0028281693812459707,
0.039093051105737686,
0.04846886917948723,
-0.034407831728458405,
0.03784804418683052,
0.023914974182844162,
0.1055225133895874,
0.060204699635505676,
-0.07302313297986984,
0.033034905791282654,
-0.026541167870163918,
-0.08813442289829254,
-0.023478804156184196,
0.014153292402625084,
0.1211509183049202,
-0.09420131891965866,
0.02898029424250126,
0.09954370558261871,
0.020526019856333733,
-0.12224070727825165,
-0.028052348643541336,
0.028739823028445244,
-0.06679380685091019,
-0.054888952523469925,
-0.12011292576789856,
-0.05401548743247986,
-0.11943399906158447,
0.037957873195409775,
0.027356356382369995,
0.023268988355994225,
0.019561631605029106,
-0.07227601855993271,
-0.024347782135009766,
-0.004826851189136505,
-0.07020532339811325,
0.015619907528162003,
0.03401270881295204,
0.023396247997879982,
0.10945693403482437,
0.030808759853243828,
-0.042356956750154495,
0.019056150689721107,
0.10013538599014282,
-0.021328700706362724,
-0.045553576201200485,
0.018431153148412704,
-0.012929136864840984,
0.02187136560678482,
-8.419991814889727e-8,
-0.00135515327565372,
0.046454984694719315,
-0.0495058074593544,
0.013676507398486137,
-0.014504091814160347,
0.007155964616686106,
0.0574987567961216,
0.02631928026676178,
-0.08946598321199417,
0.05246356874704361,
0.02849745936691761,
-0.012217332608997822,
0.018501432612538338,
-0.08036036789417267,
0.04555666446685791,
-0.011325973086059093,
0.004803128074854612,
-0.006178067531436682,
-0.059652067720890045,
0.01357337087392807,
-0.08000596612691879,
-0.012119530700147152,
-0.040833741426467896,
0.00205048406496644,
-0.032013822346925735,
-0.014194855466485023,
-0.010718649253249168,
-0.04440091922879219,
0.008195575326681137,
-0.027297059074044228,
-0.008534003049135208,
0.07412491738796234,
-0.05013919249176979,
-0.13403229415416718,
0.0028367985505610704,
0.01844167709350586,
-0.045965775847435,
0.06043597310781479,
0.08369611948728561,
-0.02087986469268799,
-0.034243181347846985,
0.01601746864616871,
0.06033012643456459,
0.04383368790149689,
0.04326295107603073,
-0.08101534843444824,
-0.06525861471891403,
-0.02527483180165291,
0.10545002669095993,
-0.07164867967367172,
-0.04662590101361275,
-0.06056182458996773,
0.0013842633925378323,
0.001155371661297977,
0.039390821009874344,
0.05948957800865173,
0.07049843668937683,
0.005062732379883528,
-0.008420017547905445,
-0.003007446648553014,
0.05596994608640671,
0.0066437250934541225,
0.01915416307747364,
-0.035522110760211945
] | {
"pdf_file": "TMSRHQWHA2ESM6JEZPWINH2VYPCKLSLS.pdf",
"text": "1\n2\n3\n4\n5\n6\n7\n8\n9\n10\n11\n12\n13\n14\n15\n16\n17\n18\n19\n20\n21\n22\n23\n24\n25\nKATHRYN M.FRENCH,RPR,CCR\n(775)786-55841\nUNITEDSTATESDISTRICT COURT\nDISTRICT OFNEVADA\nBEFORETHEHONORABLE WILLIAM G.COBB,MAGISTRATE JUDGE\n---o0o---\nUnitedStatesofAmerica,\nPlaintiff ,\n-vs-\nWalkerRiverIrrigation\nDistrict ,etal.,\nDefendant .:\n:\n:\n:\n:\n:\n:\n:\n:\n:No.3:73-cv-0125-RCJ-WGC\n3:73-cv-0127-RCJ-WGC\n3:73-cv-0128-RCJ-WGC\nFebruary 7,2013\nUnitedStatesDistrict Court\n400S.Virginia Street\nReno,Nevada 89501\n :\nTRANSCRIPT OFSTATUSCONFERENCE\nAPPEARANCES:\nFORTHEUNITEDSTATES: GussGuarino\nSusanSchneider\nEileenRutherford\nDavidL.Negri\nUSDOJAttorneys Office\nFORPETITIONER /DEFENDANT (s): GeorgeN.Benesch\nMartaAdams\nMichael Neville\nTherese Ure\nMichael Hoy\nChristopher Watson\nAttorneys atLaw\nFORTHESWAINSTON TRUST: HarrySwainston\nFORWALKERRIVERPAIUTETRIBE:WesWilliams\nAttorney atLawCase 3:73-cv-00128-RCJ-WGC Document 669 Filed 03/07/13 Page 1 of 116 1\n2\n3\n4\n5\n6\n7\n8\n9\n10\n11\n12\n13\n14\n15\n16\n17\n18\n19\n20\n21\n22\n23\n24\n25\nKATHRYN M.FRENCH,RPR,CCR\n(775)786-55842\nAPPEARANCES:(Cont')\nFORWALKERRIVER\nIRRIGATION DISTRICT : GordonDePaoli\nDaleFerguson\nAttorneys atLaw\nFORMINERAL COUNTY: SimeonHerskovits\nAttorney atLaw\nFORMONOCOUNTY: StaceySimon\nAttorney atLaw\nFORU.S.WATERCOMMISSIONER 'S\nBOARD: KarenPeterson\nAttorney atLaw\nJimShaw\nWatermaster\nProceedings recorded bymechanical stenography produced by\ncomputer -aidedtranscript\nReported by: KATHRYN M.FRENCH,RPR,CCR\nNEVADALICENSE NO.392\nCALIFORNIA LICENSE NO.8536Case 3:73-cv-00128-RCJ-WGC Document 669 Filed 03/07/13 Page 2 of 116 1\n2\n3\n4\n5\n6\n7\n8\n9\n10\n11\n12\n13\n14\n15\n16\n17\n18\n19\n20\n21\n22\n23\n24\n25\nKATHRYN M.FRENCH,RPR,CCR\n(775)786-55843\nReno,Nevada,Thursday ,February 7,2013,10:15a.m.\n---OoO---\nTHECLERK:Pleaserise.\nTheUnitedStatesDistrict CourtfortheDistrict\nofNevadaisnowinsession.TheHonorable William G.Cobb\npresiding .\nTHECOURT:Pleasebeseatedeveryone .\nTHECLERK:Thisisdateandtimesetfora\nStatusConference incasenumbers 3:73-cv-125-RCJ-WGC;\n3:73-cv-127-RCJ-WGC;and3:73-cv-128-RCJ-WGC;theUnited\nStatesofAmerica versusWalkerRiverIrrigation District ,\nandothers.\nIfImayhaveplaintiffs 'counsel begin.\nMR.GUARINO:Thankyou.GussGuarino forthe\nUnitedStates.\nMR.NEGRI:YourHonor,DavidNegrialsofor\ntheUnitedStates.\nMR.HERSKOVITS :Goodmorning,YourHonor.\nSimeonHerskovits forMineral County.\nMR.WILLIAMS :WesWilliams ,Junior,forthe\nWalkerRiverPaiuteTribe.\nMR.DEPAOLI:GordonDePaoli fortheWalker\nRiverIrrigation District .\nMR.FERGUSON :DaleFerguson fortheWalkerCase 3:73-cv-00128-RCJ-WGC Document 669 Filed 03/07/13 Page 3 of 116 1\n2\n3\n4\n5\n6\n7\n8\n9\n10\n11\n12\n13\n14\n15\n16\n17\n18\n19\n20\n21\n22\n23\n24\n25\nKATHRYN M.FRENCH,RPR,CCR\n(775)786-55844\nRiverIrrigation .\nMS.PETERSON :KarenPeterson ,Allison MacKenzie\nLawFirm,appearing fortheU.S.BoardofWaterCommissioners .\nAndJimShaw,theWatermaster ,isalsohere,YourHonor.\nMR.SWAINSTON :HarrySwainston representing\nmyself,mybrother andmysister.\nMS.URE:Therese Urerepresenting CircleBar\nandRanchandMichael Farms.\nMS.ADAMS:MartaAdams,NevadaDepartment of\nWildlife .\nMR.BENESCH:GeorgeBenesch,LyonCounty.\nMR.NEVILLE:Goodmorning,YourHonor.This\nisMichael Neville representing California Stateagencies .\nMS.SCHNEIDER :SusanSchneider fortheUnited\nStates,alongwithEileenRutherford .\nMS.SIMON:StaceySimonforMonoCounty.\nMR.HOY:Goodmorning,YourHonor.MikeHoy\nforRichard Adams.\nMR.WATSON:AndChrisWatsonwiththe\nSolicitor 'sOfficeoftheDepartment ofInterior .\nTHECOURT:Goodmorning,everybody .Ibelieve\ntheCourtroom Administrator hasconveyed myrequests thatyou\nallremainseated,justspeakintothemicrophones sothat\nthoseonthetelephone canproperly hearyou.Imayaskthat\nwhenweturntothediscussion oftheproposed amendment ofCase 3:73-cv-00128-RCJ-WGC Document 669 Filed 03/07/13 Page 4 of 116 1\n2\n3\n4\n5\n6\n7\n8\n9\n10\n11\n12\n13\n14\n15\n16\n17\n18\n19\n20\n21\n22\n23\n24\n25\nKATHRYN M.FRENCH,RPR,CCR\n(775)786-55845\ntheCaseManagement Order,thatyoudoapproach thepodiumand\nmakeyourpresentation fromthepodium.\nWehavethe--letmefindmyoverwhelming binder\nandbooks.Justasecond,please.\nWehavetheproposed agendathatthegovernment\nandTribehavesubmitted .Iwouldliketoutilize thatfor\nourroadmapheretoday.However,Iamgoingtodefertopic\nitem1-A--orexcuseme,1-B,thecasemanagement issue,to\ntheendofthisproceeding heretoday.\nMs.Schneider ,Ithought youretired.\nMS.SCHNEIDER :Idid,butI'mbackona\npart-timebasis,aboutquarter time.\nTHECOURT:AndMr.Swainston ,Iseeyou're\nmakingyourfirstappearance .\nMR.SWAINSTON :Yes,YourHonor.\nTHECOURT:Justsoeveryone knows,\nMr.Swainston isthebrother ofmyformerlawpartner,\nGeorgeSwainston .George,unfortunately ,passedawaythree,\nfouryearsago.Hehadretired fromourlawfirmmanyyears\nbeforethat,butI'mjustletting everyone knowthat.\nWhowantstoproceed withtheagenda?\nMs.Schneider ?Mr.Guarino?Whowantstotakethe\nleadonthat?\nMR.GUARINO:Thatwouldbeme,YourHonor.\nTHECOURT:Goahead.Case 3:73-cv-00128-RCJ-WGC Document 669 Filed 03/07/13 Page 5 of 116 1\n2\n3\n4\n5\n6\n7\n8\n9\n10\n11\n12\n13\n14\n15\n16\n17\n18\n19\n20\n21\n22\n23\n24\n25\nKATHRYN M.FRENCH,RPR,CCR\n(775)786-55846\nMR.GUARINO:Thankyou.\nWithrespect --\nTHECOURT:Letmeinterrupt .Itseemslike\nmaybeourfirstorderofbusiness wouldbetocomment onthe\nUnitedStates'summary ofourDecember 13statusconference .\nAndIhadacoupleofquestions aboutthat.Onthee-service\norder,atpage5,itdiscusses thatIamgoingtoholdoff\nsigning ituntilitsresubmission .Andthenittalksabout\nthewebsite orderthatMs.Griffin wasgoingtodraftand\nsubmittoChiefJudgeJones.Iviewedthoseasoneinthe\nsame.\nAmImissing something here?\nMR.GUARINO:Idon'tthinkso,YourHonor.\nMS.SCHNEIDER :YourHonor,thisis\nSusanSchneider .Thosearetwodifferent documents .We\ndon't--theonehasbeensubmitted ,thee-service orderwas\nalready --issubmitted .\nTHECOURT:Isthat1779?\nMS.SCHNEIDER :Idon'thavethatinfrontme.\nIthinkit's--\nTHECOURT:Allright.\nMS.SCHNEIDER :ButMissGriffin wasgoingtodo\nsomething different thatshewasgoingtodraftherself and\ngivetotheCourt.\nMR.GUARINO:Withregards,Ibelieve,toCase 3:73-cv-00128-RCJ-WGC Document 669 Filed 03/07/13 Page 6 of 116 1\n2\n3\n4\n5\n6\n7\n8\n9\n10\n11\n12\n13\n14\n15\n16\n17\n18\n19\n20\n21\n22\n23\n24\n25\nKATHRYN M.FRENCH,RPR,CCR\n(775)786-55847\nthewebsite.\nMS.SCHNEIDER :Right.\nTHECOURT:Oh,Ithought thatwasincorporated\nintothee-service order,whichisDocument 1779and1779-1,\nandittalksaboutthecreation ofthewebsite.\nMS.SCHNEIDER :YourHonor,myunderstanding\nwasthatitwassomething separate .\nTHECOURT:Well,doesanybody haveanyposition\non1779or1779-1,whichwassubmitted bytheUnitedStatesof\nAmerica,NoticeofProposed OrderRegarding Service inFiling\nin125B,andService onUnrepresented Parties.Andthen\n1779-1isthelatestiteration oftheproposed order,which\nisundersubmission toJudgeJonesforhisconsideration ,\nwithmyrecommendation thatheexecute itwiththeoneminor\nchange.Thelastchangetobewouldbeonparagraph 14,\naboutthedatetheunrepresented parties aresupposed to--or\nexcuseme,theparties aresupposed tocomplete andreturn\ntheirnoticeofselecting methodofservice.\nWe'regoingtogoaheadwiththat1779insubmission\ntoJudgeJones,unlesssomebody raisesobjection toit.And,\ntome,Ithought thosetwoorderswereoneinthesame.And\nI'llproceed underthatassumption ,unlesssomebody hassome\notherordertodraft,orwecanhearfromMs.Griffin that\nthere'ssupposed tobesomething else.\nAnycomments hereforthegoodoftheorder?Case 3:73-cv-00128-RCJ-WGC Document 669 Filed 03/07/13 Page 7 of 116 1\n2\n3\n4\n5\n6\n7\n8\n9\n10\n11\n12\n13\n14\n15\n16\n17\n18\n19\n20\n21\n22\n23\n24\n25\nKATHRYN M.FRENCH,RPR,CCR\n(775)786-55848\nMS.SCHNEIDER :YourHonor,thisisSusan\nSchneider .Isuggest thatontheissueofwhether thereare\ntwoorders,thatifthere'sawaytocheckwithMs.Griffin,\nwecanclarify herintent.\nTHECOURT:Okay.Holdonasecond.\nJustforeveryone 'sinformation ,I'maskingthe\nCourtroom Administrator totryandcontact Ms.Griffin to\nascertain whether therearetwoseparate orders,orwhether\nthey'vebeenincorporated intoone.So,we'llcomebackto\nthatissue.\nNow,Mr.Guarino,doyouwanttodirectuson\nagendaItem1--\nMR.GUARINO:Sure.\nTHECOURT:--completion ofservice issueson\n125Bor127,aswealsoknowit.\nMR.GUARINO:Thankyou,YourHonor.\nWithrespect totheservice issues,theCourt\nrecalls atourlaststatusconference ,wedescribed that\ntobeajustrecently mailedoff,approximately 400service\nnotices,tofolkswhohadbeenidentified aspotential\ndormant riparian waterrightsholders.Wesentout,Ithink,\nspecifically ,388ofthosenotices.Sincethattime,we've\nreceived about144waivers inreturnfromthatmailing.\nInaddition ,we'vealsohadanumberofabout21\nnotices returned because,forvarious reasons;thenoticeCase 3:73-cv-00128-RCJ-WGC Document 669 Filed 03/07/13 Page 8 of 116 1\n2\n3\n4\n5\n6\n7\n8\n9\n10\n11\n12\n13\n14\n15\n16\n17\n18\n19\n20\n21\n22\n23\n24\n25\nKATHRYN M.FRENCH,RPR,CCR\n(775)786-55849\ndidn'tget,didn'tgettotheintended recipient andwe\nneedtofollow-upwiththataswell.Inaddition ,wehave\napproximately 23disclaimers ofinterest beingreceived from\nfolkswhoweremailedthosenotices.Thereareanumberof\nfolkswhodid--whonotonlyfiledwaivers,butalsofiled\nnotices ofintenttoparticipate .\nSo,weneedtodosomefollow-upwithregards to\nmaterials thatwe'rereceiving backfromthemailing we\nperformed backinDecember .Weintendtodothat.\nAproblem has--notaproblem,butanissuehas\npoppedupbecause itappears thatanumberoffolkswho\nweresentanoticefromtheUnitedStatesarenotriparian ,\ndormant riparian waterrightsholders.Theyseemtobe\npeoplewhohaveproperty thatisalonganirrigation ditch\nandnotawatercoursethatwouldgiverisetoadormant\nriparian waterright.We'retryingtonarrowinonthat\nissue.Andit'sgoingtotakesomeresearch andcooperation\nwithMonoCounty,theTribes,andtheUnitedStates.And\nwe'vebeenworking onthattotrytonarrowthefocusbecause,\nultimately ,whatwe'retryingtodoisnotmovetowards\nservice onfolkswhodon't--whoshouldn'tbeservedwith\nthematerials inthiscase.Andsoifwecaneliminate some\nofthepeoplewhoshouldn'thavereceived thenoticeinthe\nfirstplace,thenwewon'thavetogothrough thetrouble\nandexpense toservetheseindividuals .Case 3:73-cv-00128-RCJ-WGC Document 669 Filed 03/07/13 Page 9 of 116 1\n2\n3\n4\n5\n6\n7\n8\n9\n10\n11\n12\n13\n14\n15\n16\n17\n18\n19\n20\n21\n22\n23\n24\n25\nKATHRYN M.FRENCH,RPR,CCR\n(775)786-558410\nWithrespect totheservice phasesandmoving\ntowards service ontheapproximately 200,250folkswhomay\nneedtobepersonally served,weareworking ongetting the\nfundsnecessary toperform thattask.We'llneedtodo--\nwe'llneedtohaveadditional fundsprovided bytheUnited\nStatesto,first,research theseoutstanding issuesthat\nseemtobedeveloping withrespect tothemailing thatwe\nhadinDecember ;aswellastoperform theactofservice\nthroughout ,throughout California thatneedstobedone.\nTHECOURT:Whatmightsequestration doto\nthoseefforts?\nMR.GUARINO:Ihavenoidea.\nTHECOURT:Goodanswer.\nMR.GUARINO:Hopefully ,nothing,butnoone\ncanpredict whatwillhappen.\nTHECOURT:Whatistheimpact--yousay\nthatsomecertain peoplehavereturned aWaiver.Whatisthe\nimpactonthiscasetosomebody whodoesexecute aWaiver\nandreturnit?\nMR.GUARINO:We'retryingtoidentify what\ntheir--we'retryingtoidentify whattheirintentwasby\nfilingaWaiverandadisclaimer --well,aWaiveranda\nNoticeofIntenttoParticipate .We'llneedtodosome--I'm\nnotexactly surewhatwe'regoingtodototryand,totry\nandfigurethatout,whether theywanttofileaWaiver,orCase 3:73-cv-00128-RCJ-WGC Document 669 Filed 03/07/13 Page 10 of 116 1\n2\n3\n4\n5\n6\n7\n8\n9\n10\n11\n12\n13\n14\n15\n16\n17\n18\n19\n20\n21\n22\n23\n24\n25\nKATHRYN M.FRENCH,RPR,CCR\n(775)786-558411\nwhether theywantedtoreturnaWaiver,orwhether theywanted\ntoreturnaNoticeofIntenttoParticipate .Myguessis\nwhatwewilldoissimplytreatthemas,ifwedon'tgetany\nmoreinformation ,we'lltreatthemasfolkswhohavefileda\nNoticeofIntentToParticipate ,andtheywillbetreated as\nsuch.\nTHECOURT:Well,didn'ttheservice package\ninclude aWaiverform?\nMR.GUARINO:Yes,Ibelieve so.\nTHECOURT:WhatwasmeantbythatWaiver\nform?\nMR.GUARINO:Ibelieve theintentofthat\nWaiverformwassothattheywouldnotneedto--theCourt\nwouldnotneedtofurther stayindirectcontact withthose\nindividuals ,sothattheCourtwouldnothavetosend,send\nfurther notices orfurther e-mailsorfurther contact\nregarding theseproceedings tothoseindividuals .\nTHECOURT:Andthesearejustfordormant\nriparian surface waterrightholders?\nMR.GUARINO:That'smyunderstanding ;yes,\nYourHonor.\nTHECOURT:Ms.Schneider ,didyouwanttosay\nsomething ?\nMS.SCHNEIDER :Ihadn'tsaidanything .\nSomebody elsemight.Case 3:73-cv-00128-RCJ-WGC Document 669 Filed 03/07/13 Page 11 of 116 1\n2\n3\n4\n5\n6\n7\n8\n9\n10\n11\n12\n13\n14\n15\n16\n17\n18\n19\n20\n21\n22\n23\n24\n25\nKATHRYN M.FRENCH,RPR,CCR\n(775)786-558412\nTHECOURT:Oh.Allright.\nMS.SIMON:StaceySimononbehalfof\nMonoCounty.\nIthinkyou--areyouusingthetermWaiveras\nbeingthesameasdisclaimer ?Because thereweretwoseparate\ndocuments intheservice package;onewasaWaiverofService\nofPersonal Service ofNoticeinLieuofSummons.AndIthink\nmanyfolksshouldhavesentbackthatWaiver,alsosentbacka\nNoticeofAppearance andIntenttoParticipate .\nThentherewasasecondform,whichwasthe\ndisclaimer ofInterest .And,tome,it'snot--Ithink\nitmakessensetosendbacktheWaiverandaNoticeof\nAppearance together .\nIsthatwhat'scausing confusion ?\nMS.SCHNEIDER :ThisisSusanSchneider .I\nagreewithStaceySimon.She'scorrect.\nTHECOURT:Thattherearetwodifferent forms;\noneistheWaiverofPersonal Service,andtheotherisa\nDisclaimer oftheInterest .Somaybemyquestion should\nhavebeendirected towhathappens whenadisclaimer is\nreceived .\nMS.SCHNEIDER :Ifadisclaimer isreceived ,\nthenwewouldnotifythat,butwe'vebeenincluding thatin\nourservice reportandaskingtheCourttodismiss theperson\norentityasadefendant because they'redisclaiming anyCase 3:73-cv-00128-RCJ-WGC Document 669 Filed 03/07/13 Page 12 of 116 1\n2\n3\n4\n5\n6\n7\n8\n9\n10\n11\n12\n13\n14\n15\n16\n17\n18\n19\n20\n21\n22\n23\n24\n25\nKATHRYN M.FRENCH,RPR,CCR\n(775)786-558413\ninterest inthematter.\nTHECOURT:Well,howdoesthathaveanybearing\nonanyDecreethatmightcomeoutofthiscase?Theycouldbe\nimpacted byanyAmended Decree,couldn'tthey?\nMS.SCHNEIDER :Iftheyhavedisclaimed any\ninterest ,thentheyhavedisclaimed anyinterest .They're\nnotgoingtobeinvolved initanymore.Andwhether --in\nmostinstances ,whatwefounddisclaimers whenpeoplehave\nsoldproperty and,usually,there'sanother personorentity\nthathastheinterest .Insomeinstances ,therearepeople\nwhohaveindicated thattheyjustsimplydon'thavethe\ninterest --theydon'towntheinterest thatwethought they\nhad.\nTHECOURT:Butthat'snotwhatthegovernment 's\nreportsaysinparagraph A-1.Itsays:\"Highnumberof\ndisclaimer ofinterest formsreturned duetosomeproperties\nonanirrigation ditchclassified asriparian .\"\nSo,thatwould--\nMS.SCHNEIDER :That'sright.\nTHECOURT:--thatwouldseemtobepeoplethat\nhaveinterests ,butreturning disclaimers .\nMS.SCHNEIDER :No.Myunderstanding ,andI\nhaven'tbeenworking onthat,thispartofitasmuchas\nMr.Guarino andMs.Rutherford has,butmyunderstanding is\nthatthosearepersons andentities whoshouldnothavebeenCase 3:73-cv-00128-RCJ-WGC Document 669 Filed 03/07/13 Page 13 of 116 1\n2\n3\n4\n5\n6\n7\n8\n9\n10\n11\n12\n13\n14\n15\n16\n17\n18\n19\n20\n21\n22\n23\n24\n25\nKATHRYN M.FRENCH,RPR,CCR\n(775)786-558414\nserved.Theydon'tfitwithinthecategory ofriparian ,\ndormant riparian interests .Theysimplydidn'tbelongthere.\nItwasamistake.AndIthinktherewassomeconfusion with\nsomeoftheinformation thatwehadreceived ,sothatwe\nendedupserving somepeoplewhojustwerethewrongpeople\ntoserve.\nMS.SIMON:ThisisStaceySimon.Iconcur\nwiththat.Thelistthatwasprovided byMonoCounty,\nitturnedoutwasabitover-inclusive .OurGISsystem\nhadpickedupnotonlythoseriparian properties but,\nadditionally ,atleastsomeproperties thatarenottruly\nriparian ,butjusthappened tobeadjacent toanirrigation\nditch.\nTHECOURT:Allright.Thankyou.\nDoesanyonehave--ordoesthatcomplete your\ndiscussion ,Mr.Guarino,onA;TopicA?\nMR.GUARINO:Itdoes,YourHonor.\nTHECOURT:Doesanyonehaveanyadditional\ncomment inthispartofthereport?\n(Noresponse .)\nTHECOURT:Noneappearing ,let'smovetoA-2.\nMR.GUARINO:Yes,YourHonor.Withregards to\nA-2,thestatusonthedraftcaption,thepreliminary list\nofdefendants whohavefiledaNoticeofAppearance ,anda\npreliminary listofpersons andentities thatwereservedandCase 3:73-cv-00128-RCJ-WGC Document 669 Filed 03/07/13 Page 14 of 116 1\n2\n3\n4\n5\n6\n7\n8\n9\n10\n11\n12\n13\n14\n15\n16\n17\n18\n19\n20\n21\n22\n23\n24\n25\nKATHRYN M.FRENCH,RPR,CCR\n(775)786-558415\nhavenotfiledaNoticeofAppearance ,theUnitedStates\nhascirculated thoselistsandthecaption totheother\nparties.We'vereceived somecomments fromsomeparties about\ncorrections thatneedtobemadetothedraftcaption and\ntheseliststhathavebeenprepared .We'vebeenmakingthose\ncorrections asthey,astheycomein,andwe'llproceed\naccordingly movingforward.\nTHECOURT:Areyouinaposition tocoordinate\nthatwithMs.Griffin'sofficeaboutthelistofdefendants ;\norareyoudoingitatthesametimeorwhat?\nMR.GUARINO:I'venotbeenincontact --I've\nnotheardfromorbeenincontact directly withMissGriffin\naboutthisissue,butwe'llstayincontact withMs.Griffin\ntomakesurethatwe'reonthesamepageonthis.\nTHECOURT:Isthereanything elseyouwishto\ncomment onA-2?\nMR.GUARINO:Idon'tthinkso,YourHonor.\nMS.SIMON:Ihadacomment,YourHonor.Again,\nStaceySimonfromMonoCounty.Wehadacorrection tothe\nlistwhichweforwarded toMs.Rutherford ,andshepromptly\nmadethechange,anditwasastoMonoCountystatus.\nHowever,wedon'thaveanyability tocheckastoanyof\ntheotherfolkswhoareMonoCountyresidents .Wejust\ndon'thavethatkindofdata.Andmyconcern istheremay\nbeothererrorsofwhichwe'renotaware.I'mnotsurehowCase 3:73-cv-00128-RCJ-WGC Document 669 Filed 03/07/13 Page 15 of 116 1\n2\n3\n4\n5\n6\n7\n8\n9\n10\n11\n12\n13\n14\n15\n16\n17\n18\n19\n20\n21\n22\n23\n24\n25\nKATHRYN M.FRENCH,RPR,CCR\n(775)786-558416\ntoaddress that.\nTHECOURT:Ithink,fromwhatIknow,this\ncaseisunaddressable .Tryingtofindeveryone whohas\nsometypeofinterest inthiscaseisnearimpossible ,I\nthink.\nDoesanyonedisagreewiththatobservation ?AmI\nflatwrong?\n(Noresponse .)\nTHECOURT:Mr.Shaw,yougotanycomments ?\nMR.SHAW:Yeah,butI'mnotsureeverybody\nwantstohearthem.But,youknow,IthinkCalifornia has\ncreated thissituation withthisriparian thatis--\nTHECOURT:Mr.Shaw,couldyoucomeupto\nthemicrophone ,sir,soeveryone couldhearyou.Iwouldbe\ninterested inthosecomments .\nStateyourname,please,andyourtitle.\nMR.SHAW:Fortherecord,JimShaw,Watermaster\nfortheWalkerRiver.\nYourHonor,Ifeelthatwithsomeofthelawsand\nthestuffthattheStateofCalifornia hasinregards tothis\nDecreeandtheriparian rights,hascreated moreproblems for\nthiscourtandforthelawsuits thatareinprogress right\nnow.Thereasonbeingisbecause noneofthoseriparian\nrightsarerecognized bytheDecreeasitsitstoday.And\nsobyaddressing peopleandencouraging people--andIknowCase 3:73-cv-00128-RCJ-WGC Document 669 Filed 03/07/13 Page 16 of 116 1\n2\n3\n4\n5\n6\n7\n8\n9\n10\n11\n12\n13\n14\n15\n16\n17\n18\n19\n20\n21\n22\n23\n24\n25\nKATHRYN M.FRENCH,RPR,CCR\n(775)786-558417\nthatMr.Neville andMs.Simonwon'tagreewithme--butby\nencouraging peopletobeparticipating ,becomepartofthis,\nIthinkthestatement thatyoumadejustafewminutes ago\nwasveryright.\nTHECOURT:Allright.Thankyou.\nMS.SIMON:IfImayjustcomment onthat,my--\nTHECOURT:Thankyou,Mr.Shaw.\nMR.SHAW:Thankyou.\nMs.SIMON:IfImaycomment onthat.My\ncomments astothedifficulty inverifying parties thatare\nnotMonoCounty,reallyrelated nottoriparian owners.We\nactually havebeenquitesuccessful inthatregard.Itwould\nbetheotherparties thatwe,youknow,welookatthelist,\nbutwedon'thaveanyinformation .Wedon'tknowifit's\nrightorwrong.\nMS.SCHNEIDER :YourHonor,thisis\nSusanSchneider .Ithinkthatthewayinwhichthelists\narecompiled islooking atthematerials thathavebeen\nfiledwiththeCourt.Andthat,Ithink,issimplyamatter\nofchecking anddoublechecking .Alltheinformation that\npeopleneedtochecktheselist,Ithink,iswithinthe\ncourtfiles.Butbecause ofthesizeofthelists,mistakes\nhavehappened andtheycanjustgetfixedasthey'redouble\nchecked.\nTHECOURT:Maybethisisafundamental questionCase 3:73-cv-00128-RCJ-WGC Document 669 Filed 03/07/13 Page 17 of 116 1\n2\n3\n4\n5\n6\n7\n8\n9\n10\n11\n12\n13\n14\n15\n16\n17\n18\n19\n20\n21\n22\n23\n24\n25\nKATHRYN M.FRENCH,RPR,CCR\n(775)786-558418\nIshouldhaveaskedfrom--atthestart.ButasIunderstand\ntheTribalclaims,andprobably whatthefederal claimsare\nbasedon,too,asthreedifferent topics,butthethirdone\nwasgroundwater associated withtheentirereservation ;and\nwhatarethefederal reserve rightstogroundwater underlying\nandadjacent toallreservation lands?\nSoIguessmyconfusion isdotheseriparian\nrightstranslate intoasubsetofgroundwater underlying\nandadjacent toalltriballands?\nMs.Schneider ?\nMS.SCHNEIDER :Idon'tthinkthatthat'swhat\nthey'rereferring to.\nTHECOURT:Thenwhat--\nMS.SCHNEIDER :No.\nTHECOURT:--whatarewedoingwiththe\nriparian peopleinthiscase?\nMs.SIMON:Thesearesurface --thisis\nStaceySimon,MonoCounty--surface waterrightsunderthe\nlawsoftheStateofCalifornia .\nTHECOURT:Wouldbetheriparian waterrights?\nMS.SIMON:Uh-huh.\nTHECOURT:Yes?\nMs.SCHNEIDER :YourHonor,thisis\nSusanSchneider .Because theCaseManagement Ordersought\nservice onsurface rights,itisunderoneofthecategoriesCase 3:73-cv-00128-RCJ-WGC Document 669 Filed 03/07/13 Page 18 of 116 1\n2\n3\n4\n5\n6\n7\n8\n9\n10\n11\n12\n13\n14\n15\n16\n17\n18\n19\n20\n21\n22\n23\n24\n25\nKATHRYN M.FRENCH,RPR,CCR\n(775)786-558419\nintheCaseManagement Orderforsurface rights,thatthe\ndormant riparian rightscomeintoplay.It'seither3-A--\nIthinkit's3-Aor3-B.I'mnotsure.Idon'thavethe\nCaseManagement Orderinfrontofme.\nMR.DEPAOLI:YourHonor--\nTHECOURT:Justasecond.\n3-Bareallholders ofsurface waterrightsunder\nthelawsoftheStatesofNevadaandCalifornia inthe\nWalkerRiverBasinwhoarenotpresently parties tothis\nadjudication .\nMr.DePaoli,didyouhavesomething tosay?\nMR.DEPAOLI:WhatIwasgoingtosay,Your\nHonor,isthattheTribalclaimsinvolve groundwater and\nsurface water.Theyalsoinvolve claimsforadditional\nsurface water.Andso3-Bandthedormant riparian holder,\norwaterrightownersinCalifornia arebeingservednot\nbecause ofthe--well,because ofthesurface waterclaims\nthatareapartoftheTribalclaims,notjustthegroundwater\nclaims.\nTHECOURT:WhenIwasgoingoverthe\ngovernment 's/Tribe'sposition regarding potential amendment\noftheCMO,mynoteswerethatthethreeareasthatwere\nsoughthere,orwhatthislawsuit involves isWeberReservoir ;\nfederally reserved waterrightsforlandsrestored oradded\nafter'36;andfederal reserve rightstogroundwaterCase 3:73-cv-00128-RCJ-WGC Document 669 Filed 03/07/13 Page 19 of 116 1\n2\n3\n4\n5\n6\n7\n8\n9\n10\n11\n12\n13\n14\n15\n16\n17\n18\n19\n20\n21\n22\n23\n24\n25\nKATHRYN M.FRENCH,RPR,CCR\n(775)786-558420\nunderlying adjacent toallreserve lands.\nSo,Iguessitshouldbegroundwater andsurface\nwater.\nMs.Schneider ,wouldthatbemoreappropriate ?\nMS.SCHNEIDER :I'msorry.I'mnotfollowing\nYourHonor.Thethreeclaimswerethesurface waterfor--or\nwaterforWeberReservoir ;water,surface waterforthelands\nthatwereadded;andthenthegroundwater addresses theentire\nreservation .\nTHECOURT:MaybeMr.Benesch canclarify,is\nitWeeber(phonetic )orWeber?\nUNIDENTIFIED FEMALESPEAKER:Weber.\nMR.BENESCH:Ibelieve it'sWeber,YourHonor.\nTHECOURT:Okay.Well,I'vebeen\nmispronouncing italltheseyears.Andwe'llblameyour\nfriend,LouieTess(phonetic )onthat.\nAllright.Well,Idon'tseethatthat's\nnecessarily determinative ofwhatwe'redoingrightnow,\nprobably moreinmycontinual education oftryingtoget\nuptospeedonthiscase.So,Iapologize forthatdiversion .\nNopunintended .\nArethereanyotherdiscussions ,Mr.Guarino,asto\nTopic1-A(2)?\nMR.GUARINO:Idon'tbelieve so,YourHonor.\nTHECOURT:DoesanyoneelsehaveanycommentCase 3:73-cv-00128-RCJ-WGC Document 669 Filed 03/07/13 Page 20 of 116 1\n2\n3\n4\n5\n6\n7\n8\n9\n10\n11\n12\n13\n14\n15\n16\n17\n18\n19\n20\n21\n22\n23\n24\n25\nKATHRYN M.FRENCH,RPR,CCR\n(775)786-558421\nasto1-A(2)?\n(Noresponse .)\nTHECOURT:Whydon'tweturnthentoTopic2,\ntheservice issuesrelating totheCcase.\nMr.Herskovits ,isthatyour--doyouwanttotake\ntheleadonthat?\nMR.HERSKOVITS :Yes,YourHonor.Thisis,\nagain,SimeonHerskovits onbehalfofMineral County.\nWithregardtotheservice efforts andthestatus\nofthemandhowclosetheyaretocompletion ,Ithink2-A\nand-Breallyareonesubject thatI'lljustaddress together .\nWefiledaService ReportonJanuary 9th,four\nweeks,or29daysago.Andjustthismorning,because a\ncoupleofdocumentation pieceshadcomeinontwoofthe\nthreeremaining unaddressed oroutstanding defendants ,\nproposed defendants onwhomservice efforts werestill\nongoing,camein.Sothisshortsupplement wasjustto\nshowthatservice hadbeencompleted onthosetwoproposed\ndefendants ,oneofwhomhasfiledaWaiver,andtheother\nhasfiledadisclaimer ofinterest .Andthat'sexplained in\nthesupplement .\nAsreported orrecorded intheService Report\nandthisshortsupplement ,virtually allofthedefendants\nwhoremaintobeservedhavenowbeenserved,orhave\nfiledwaivers aftertheyreceived theservice package inCase 3:73-cv-00128-RCJ-WGC Document 669 Filed 03/07/13 Page 21 of 116 1\n2\n3\n4\n5\n6\n7\n8\n9\n10\n11\n12\n13\n14\n15\n16\n17\n18\n19\n20\n21\n22\n23\n24\n25\nKATHRYN M.FRENCH,RPR,CCR\n(775)786-558422\nthemail.They'reintheService Report.Therearealist\nofasignificant number,asmallminority ,butstilla\nsignificant numberofparties tobedismissed ,eitherbecause\ntheyaredeceased ,ortherewasanerror,somehow,intheir\nidentification ,orbecause theyhadtransferred theirwater\nrightspriortoservice.So,thereare13ofthoseproposed\ndefendants who,asthereportdescribes ,whoarerequesting be\ndismissed fromthecaseanddeleted fromthecaption.\nInaddition ,therewerejustthreenewpersons or\nentities ,orpersons orentities whosespecific name,legal\nnameidentifying themhadtobechanged.Thosearethethree\nsubstitutions inExhibit Dtothereport.Andtherewasan\namendment tothecaption inone,withregardtooneproposed\ndefendant whohasbeenserved.Andthatwasjustthatoneof\nthetwopeoplelistedastheTrustees oftheSandoval Family\nTrusthaddiedbythetimeweservedthem,sothehusband,\nAlbertRaymond,needstobedeleted,andjusthiswife'sname,\nCecilia Lillian Sandoval ,willremainasTrustee.\nThatleavesuswith,atthetimeoftheJanuary 9th\nreport,including thosethreenewlysubstituted defendants\ntobeserved,thatwouldhaveleftuswithatotalofsix\nremaining tobeserved,buttwoofthosearethetwowhoare\naddressed inthissupplement thatwejustfiled:ColeRobert\nJohnson andMarjorie AnnJones.They'venowbeenserved.And\nsointhecaseofMarjorie AnnJones,sheneedstobedeletedCase 3:73-cv-00128-RCJ-WGC Document 669 Filed 03/07/13 Page 22 of 116 1\n2\n3\n4\n5\n6\n7\n8\n9\n10\n11\n12\n13\n14\n15\n16\n17\n18\n19\n20\n21\n22\n23\n24\n25\nKATHRYN M.FRENCH,RPR,CCR\n(775)786-558423\nfromthecaption because she'sdisclaimed herinterest ,and\nMr.Johnson isserved.Sowewouldaskthatalongwiththe\notherlonglistofdefendants onwhomwewouldliketohave\ntheCourtratifyorapprove thatservice iscomplete ,Cole\nJohnson'snamebeadded,too.\nThatisthestatusofservice.Andjusttobe\nclearwherethatleavesus,wewillhavejustthethreenewly\nsubstituted entities ,assuming theCourtordersorapproves\nourrequest thattheybesubstituted in,andtheStateof\nCalifornia istheonlyotherdefendant thatremains tobe\nserved.Andwehavebeenspeaking withMr.Neville because\nwewereunclearprecisely whichagencyorwhichattorney and\nwhichagencyshouldreceive theservice package whenour\nresearch indicated thatproperty withwaterrightsunderthe\nDecreehadbeenacquired sometimeagobytheCalifornia\nDepartment ofFishandWildlife ,andseemedtobepartofa\nplotorareserve --I'mnotsurewhattherighttitleis--\nmanaged bytheCalifornia Wildlife Conservation Board.SoI\nbelieve Mr.Neville ishelping ussortoutexactly,youknow,\nwhichattorney anddepartment withinthebureaucracy ofthe\nStateofCalifornia weneedtogetthatto.AndIthink\nwithinaweek,certainly two,weshouldhavecompleted service\norgottenapackage intothehandsofsomeone whowillwaive\npersonal service.So,I'msurethat--\nTHECOURT:Letmeaskaquestion ,ifImay.Case 3:73-cv-00128-RCJ-WGC Document 669 Filed 03/07/13 Page 23 of 116 1\n2\n3\n4\n5\n6\n7\n8\n9\n10\n11\n12\n13\n14\n15\n16\n17\n18\n19\n20\n21\n22\n23\n24\n25\nKATHRYN M.FRENCH,RPR,CCR\n(775)786-558424\nMR.HERSKOVITS :Yes.\nTHECOURT:Paragraphs 51and53ofthe\nsupplement whichyoufiledtodayoryesterday ,Document 662,\nwouldreplace thosecorresponding paragraphs intheoriginal\nreportfiledJanuary 9,Document 654?\nMR.HERSKOVITS :Replace orsupplement ;yes.\nTheycorrespond precisely tothosetwonumbered paragraphs in\ntheJanuary 9threport.\nTHECOURT:Andistherequest oftheCourt\nthen,istojusttoapprove,carteblanche,theentirereport;\nordowehavetogothrough andaddress eachoneofthose103\nby--or107individually ?\nMR.HERSKOVITS :Well,no,Ithinkwedonot\nhavetoaddress eachoneindividually .Andthepractice\nwiththevarious analogous reports thattheUnitedStateshas\nfiledfromtimetotime,hasbeenfortheretobeobjections ,\nifthereareanyobjections toparticular numbered itemsor\ndefendants ,andtherequested action;orfor--usually,\nMs.Schneider wouldgothrough themandonlytouchupon\nthespecific individual defendants whothereeitherwas\nanobjection to,orsomechangeofcircumstance ornew\ninformation raising anissue.Otherwise ,anorderwouldbe\nsubmitted totheCourtandtheCourtwouldberequested to\nsigntheorderand,essentially ,approve everything requested\ninthestatusreport.Case 3:73-cv-00128-RCJ-WGC Document 669 Filed 03/07/13 Page 24 of 116 1\n2\n3\n4\n5\n6\n7\n8\n9\n10\n11\n12\n13\n14\n15\n16\n17\n18\n19\n20\n21\n22\n23\n24\n25\nKATHRYN M.FRENCH,RPR,CCR\n(775)786-558425\nWe'vecirculated --wehaven'tfiledaproposed\norderbecause wewerenotclearaboutwhether wewouldhave\ntowaittohear,today,iftherewereanyobjections fromany\nofthedefendants oranyoneelse.Wehaven'treceived any.\nWe'vecirculated today,justthismorning,totheparties and\ntheCourt,aproposed orderthatdoeswhatI'vedescribed .It\nbasically isanorderwithattachments thatapproves the\ncompletion ofservice astothatlonglistofdefendants who\nhavebeenserved,dismisses theoneswhoneedtobedismissed\nfromthecase,substitutes thethreenewentities ,andmakes\nthecorrection tothecaption.\nSo,thereisanorderthatwouldeffectively dowhat\nI'vedescribed .AndIguess,ifanyone--\nTHECOURT:Iwasjusthandedsomething about\nthiscase;Proposed OrderSetting Supplemental Briefing\nSchedule ForLaterServedDefenses WhoWhichtoFileResponses\nToMineral CountyBriefs--\nMR.HERSKOVITS :Thatwouldbeitem--I'm\nsorry,YourHonor.That'sitem2-Donthe--\nTHECOURT:Allright.Ididn'tthinkit\npertained toit.Iwasjusthandedit,andIdon'tknowwhat\nitmeant.So,dowehavesomething thatpertains tothis\nparticular itemAandB?\nMR.HERSKOVITS :Wedo,YourHonor.It'sa\nProposed OrderConcerning StatusofRemaining ProposedCase 3:73-cv-00128-RCJ-WGC Document 669 Filed 03/07/13 Page 25 of 116 1\n2\n3\n4\n5\n6\n7\n8\n9\n10\n11\n12\n13\n14\n15\n16\n17\n18\n19\n20\n21\n22\n23\n24\n25\nKATHRYN M.FRENCH,RPR,CCR\n(775)786-558426\nDefendants toBeServedByRule4Service.Ihandedcopies\ntoMs.Ogdenthismorning and,also,toalloftheother\nparties.\nTHECOURT:Allright.Ihavenotseenthis.\nMR.HERSKOVITS :No,YourHonor.Wedon'tknow\nyet--wedidn'tfileitearlier because wedonotknowyet\nifwe'regoingtohearanyobjections today.Wehavenot\nreceived anyobjections sincetheStatusReportwasfiled.\nAnditdoesn'tseemasthoughtherewouldbeany,butwedid\nnotwanttoassumethat.\nTHECOURT:I'minformed it's,apparently ,a\npartof662.WhatIprinted outon662,though,didn't\ninclude it.\nMR.HERSKOVITS :No,it'snot--\nTHECOURT:SomaybeImisseditasanexhibit.\nMR.HERSKOVITS :I'msorry.Ms.Ogdenis\nprobably confused because Ihandedthemtohertogether .\nIt'snotanattachment orapartof662.662--\nTHECOURT:Now,havetheotherpeopleinthis\ncaseseenthisProposed OrderConcerning StatusofRemaining\nProposed Defendants toBeServedByaRule4Service?\nMR.HERSKOVITS :Alloftheprimary defendants\nhavegottencopiesthismorning.Ithinkif--Idon't\nbelieve it'sbeenthepractice inthepasttoservethe\nproposed orderoneverysingledefendant --Case 3:73-cv-00128-RCJ-WGC Document 669 Filed 03/07/13 Page 26 of 116 1\n2\n3\n4\n5\n6\n7\n8\n9\n10\n11\n12\n13\n14\n15\n16\n17\n18\n19\n20\n21\n22\n23\n24\n25\nKATHRYN M.FRENCH,RPR,CCR\n(775)786-558427\nTHECOURT:Ithinkyou'reright.\nMR.HERSKOVITS :--covered intheservice\nreport.Itreallyhasjustturnedonwhether therewere\nobjections raised.\nMR.HERSKOVITS :Andwewillfile--ifthere\nare,andifthereneedstobeanychangetothisreport,this\nproposed order,wewillmakethoseandthenfileittodayor\ntomorrow .\nTHECOURT:Allright.Ihavethen,infrontof\nme,thereportandthesupplement .Thosearedocuments 654\nand662.\nDoesanyonehaveanycomment withrespect tothese\nreports and,particularly ,anyobjection totheCourt's\nissuance oftheorderconcerning thestatusthathasbeen\nsubmitted byMr.Herskovits ?\n(Noresponse .)\nTHECOURT:Well,Mr.Herskovits ,silence,\napparently ,indicates acquiescence ,andIwillgoaheadand\nsignthatorder.\nMR.HERSKOVITS :WouldYourHonorlikeusit\ntoelectronically fileitaftertheStatusConference before\nsigning it,oristhe--\nTHECOURT:Iguessyoushouldbecause we\nwouldn'thave--\nMR.HERSKOVITS :Weshould--Case 3:73-cv-00128-RCJ-WGC Document 669 Filed 03/07/13 Page 27 of 116 1\n2\n3\n4\n5\n6\n7\n8\n9\n10\n11\n12\n13\n14\n15\n16\n17\n18\n19\n20\n21\n22\n23\n24\n25\nKATHRYN M.FRENCH,RPR,CCR\n(775)786-558428\nTHECOURT:Iwasthinking wecanchangeand\nmodifyitherewiththeproposed order,butnotuntilitdoes\ngetfiled.So,that'sagoodpoint.Yes,please.\nMR.HERSKOVITS :Wewilldothattoday,Your\nHonor.\nAndwehavebeenintouchwiththethreenewly\nsubstituted -indefendants .Soinaddition towhatI've\nsaidabouttheStateofCalifornia andcommunicating with\nMr.Neville,we'reconfident thatwe'llhaveservice resolved\nonthosethreenewlysubstituted defendants withinthismonth.\nSoIdobelieve thatwewillbecomplete ,completely finished\nwithpersonal service bytheendofFebruary ,whichiswithin\ntheMarch1stdeadline thatIbelieve wassetbytheCourt,\nbutwewon'tactually ,probably ,haveournextstatus\nconference untilwhenever thatisset.But,that'sprobably\nthepointatwhichwewouldfileonelastservice reportand\nonelastproposed ordertoapprove completion ofservice on\nthoselastfourremaining defendants tobeserved.Atthat\npoint,itwillbeonlyservice bypublication thatneedsto\nbeaddressed .But,wewillgettothatunderitemnumber3on\ntheagenda.\nTHECOURT:Allright.WecanturntoItem3.\nMR.HERSKOVITS :Ithinkthat--\nTHECOURT:Unlessanyonehadanycomments\nor--excuseme,dowehave--areyoutalking aboutItem3orCase 3:73-cv-00128-RCJ-WGC Document 669 Filed 03/07/13 Page 28 of 116 1\n2\n3\n4\n5\n6\n7\n8\n9\n10\n11\n12\n13\n14\n15\n16\n17\n18\n19\n20\n21\n22\n23\n24\n25\nKATHRYN M.FRENCH,RPR,CCR\n(775)786-558429\nitem--well,Item3aretheissuescommontoboth\nsub-proceedings .I'msorry.Igotconfused .Andthis--we\nwerejusttalking aboutItem2,subparagraphs AandB.\nMR.HERSKOVITS :That'scorrect;whichIthink\nI'mdonewith.Ithinkthataddresses them.\nTHECOURT:Allright.Doesanyonewishto\nmakeanycomment orhaveanydiscussion onthosetwoagenda\nitems?\n(Noresponse .)\nTHECOURT:Noneappearing ,letusturnto2-C.\nMR.HERSKOVITS :Yes,YourHonor.I'mafraid\nthatIshouldhaveaskedMr.Guarino todeleteItem2-C\nbecause atthelaststatusconference ,itwasagreed,I\nbelieve,theCourtaffirmed thatMineral Countywould\nfinishthelistthatit'smaintaining ofprosedefendants\norparties,andcirculate itafterpersonal service was\ncompleted ,whichis--we'renotquiteatthatpointyet.\nSo,thatissomething thatwewillbecirculating\noncewe'vecompleted personal service,which,asI'vesaid,\nwouldbethismonth,Ibelieve.We'llbedonewithin,I\nthink,maybetwoorthreeweeks.\nTHECOURT:Allright.\nMR.HERSKOVITS :SoI'mnotsurethatItemC\nreallyneededtobeontheagendabecause there'snothing done\nandnothing tobedonetodaywithregardtothat.Case 3:73-cv-00128-RCJ-WGC Document 669 Filed 03/07/13 Page 29 of 116 1\n2\n3\n4\n5\n6\n7\n8\n9\n10\n11\n12\n13\n14\n15\n16\n17\n18\n19\n20\n21\n22\n23\n24\n25\nKATHRYN M.FRENCH,RPR,CCR\n(775)786-558430\nTHECOURT:Okay.Unlessanyonewantstohave\nanydiscussion onit,let'smoveto2-D.\n(Noresponse .)\nMR.HERSKOVITS :Yes.That's--\nTHECOURT:Myunderstanding isyouallfinished\nyourbriefing ontheMotiontoIntervene .\nMR.HERSKOVITS :Yes,YourHonor.We--when\nyousay\"youall,\"whatIwouldwanttojustclarify isthat\nthebriefing schedule thatwasestablished bytheCourt,and\nthebriefing thathasbeencompleted sincemidJanuary,is\nouropening andreplybriefs,andtheresponse oropposition\nbriefsfromanydefendants whohadanypositions orresponses\nthattheywantedtofile.Thatcoversdefendants whohadbeen\nservedpriortothislastphaseof107defendants .\nSothissupplemental --thisorderthatwasfiled,\norcirculated ,actually ,ithasn'tbeenfiledbecause wewere\nasked,ordirected bytheCourttofilebythe5th,this\nTuesday,aproposed orderaddressing hownoticeandan\nopportunity tosubmitabriefinopposition wouldbe,or\nresponse ofanykindwouldbeprovided tothosenewlyserved\ndefendants .Inpractical terms,itwillbeaverysmall\nnumberofthepeoplewhohavebeenservedwhoactually are\nfilingNotices ofAppearance ofonesortoranother,but--\nTHECOURT:Andthisshouldjustbeaheadsup\ntothemthattheycanfileaposition withrespect toMineralCase 3:73-cv-00128-RCJ-WGC Document 669 Filed 03/07/13 Page 30 of 116 1\n2\n3\n4\n5\n6\n7\n8\n9\n10\n11\n12\n13\n14\n15\n16\n17\n18\n19\n20\n21\n22\n23\n24\n25\nKATHRYN M.FRENCH,RPR,CCR\n(775)786-558431\nCounty'sMotionForIntervention ?\nMR.HERSKOVITS :Yes.Whatwe'veproposed in\nthisproposed orderisthatwhenservice iscomplete ,we\nwouldtakeit,youknow,theCountywouldservethisorder,\norwhatever ordertheCourtultimately signs,onallofthe\nnewlyserveddefendants whohaveentered appearances .This\norderwouldtheninformthemofthebriefing .Wewouldgive\nthemaparticular timeperiod.Ithinkweproposed 45days\nbecause that'swhatthedefendants weregiventofile\noppositions orresponses intheoriginal schedule .And\nthenbecause wedon'tknowwhether anything willbefiled\nor,ifitwillbefiled,whether newdefendants willraise\nnewissuesthatwehavenothadanopportunity toaddress,we\nalsoproposed a30-dayperiodforustofileasupplemental\nreply,ifthat'snecessary .Ifpeoplearemerelyreiterating\norjoining theresponse briefsthatwerefiledbydefendants\nalready,obviously ,wewouldnotfileorneedtofileany\nadditional reply,anditwouldn'tbeappropriate .Butifany\ndefendant filessomepaperandmakesarguments thatarewholly\nnew,andthatwehaven'thadachancetoreplyto,that'sthe\npurpose ofincluding thatintheproposed supplemental or\nadditional briefing schedule .\nNoneofus,Ithink,canpredict whatthenewly\nserveddefendants willdo.Ibelieve theproposed order\nalsoindicates thatwewillserve,withtheorder,alloftheCase 3:73-cv-00128-RCJ-WGC Document 669 Filed 03/07/13 Page 31 of 116 1\n2\n3\n4\n5\n6\n7\n8\n9\n10\n11\n12\n13\n14\n15\n16\n17\n18\n19\n20\n21\n22\n23\n24\n25\nKATHRYN M.FRENCH,RPR,CCR\n(775)786-558432\nbriefsthathavebeenfiled,sothatthesenewlyserved\ndefendants won'thavetogotothetrouble ofcollecting\norlooking upthebriefsandprinting themoutthemselves .\nForprosedefendants ,Ithinkthatwouldbemoreorless\nnecessary .AndIthinkthenumberwouldbesmallenough\nthatevenfor,evenforlegalcounsel,wewouldprobably\nsendthebriefs.Idon'trecalltheprecise thingthatis\nsaidintheproposed order,thatlastpoint,soletmeflip\ntoit,YourHonor.\nBut,thatistheproposed ordersetting supplemental\nbriefing schedule thatwascirculated onTuesday toallof\ntheotherprimary parties.Andthismorning,Ihandeditto\nMs.Ogdentogivetoyou.\nMyanticipation fromthesummary,theStatus\nConference inDecember ,andtheMinutes oftheCourt,and\nthesummary,werethatthiswascirculated sothatwecould\ndiscuss whether ornotthisorderseemedappropriate toall\noftheparties andtheCourt,orwhether itshouldbemodified\ninsomeway.But,clearly,Ithinkbeen--theCourtandthe\nparties haveallagreedthatsomething tothiseffectneeds\ntobedone,sothatthesenewlyserveddefendants arenot\nforeclosed fromatleastanopportunity toweighinonthe\nintervention issue.\nTHECOURT:I--\nMR.HERSKOVITS :Oh--Case 3:73-cv-00128-RCJ-WGC Document 669 Filed 03/07/13 Page 32 of 116 1\n2\n3\n4\n5\n6\n7\n8\n9\n10\n11\n12\n13\n14\n15\n16\n17\n18\n19\n20\n21\n22\n23\n24\n25\nKATHRYN M.FRENCH,RPR,CCR\n(775)786-558433\nTHECOURT:--Ifeelataloss.Idon't\nremember thediscussion attheDecember 13hearing about\nextending briefing out.MaybeIdid.I'mjusttryingto\nlookattheMinutes hereandIdon'tsee--isthatwhatI've\nsaid?\nMR.HERSKOVITS :LetmeseeifIcanfindit\nforyou,YourHonor.Iwillsaythattheoriginal discussion\noccurred backinAugustwhenweweretalking aboutsetting\nabriefing schedule .And,atthattime,weaddressed the\nquestion ofthesedefendants whowereabouttobeserved,\nwhowouldn'tnecessarily beservedorbeinaposition to\nreceive copiesofthebriefsontheMotionForIntervention ,\norbeawareofthefactthattherewasatimeline passing\neitherwhiletheywerebeingserved,beforetheywereserved,\norsoquickly aftertheywereservedthattheywouldn'treally\nbeinaposition --\nTHECOURT:Well,myconcern istiming.And\nifthere'sareplymemothat'sbeenfiledhere,JudgeJones'\nchambers mayconsider thatitisripefordecision .Andnow\nwe'regoingtoenteranother orderheresayingwe'regoing\ntogivethosepeoplewhohavebeenrecentlyservedanother\nopportunity tochimeinonthisissue.Howmuchtimeare\nwetalking aboutthattheywillhavetofilesomething under\nthisproposed order?\nMR.HERSKOVITS :Well,Ithinkwe'reCase 3:73-cv-00128-RCJ-WGC Document 669 Filed 03/07/13 Page 33 of 116 1\n2\n3\n4\n5\n6\n7\n8\n9\n10\n11\n12\n13\n14\n15\n16\n17\n18\n19\n20\n21\n22\n23\n24\n25\nKATHRYN M.FRENCH,RPR,CCR\n(775)786-558434\nanticipating thatservice willbecomplete byMarch1st,\northatwemayhaveanorderaffirming thecompletion ofthe\nservice fromtheCourtatthenextstatusconference ,which\nhasn'tbeenscheduled yet,butIguessIwasanticipating\nwouldbeearlyMarch.Wewouldthen,withinoneweek,\nservetheorderonthenewlyserveddefendants ,andthen\ntheywouldhave45days--itcouldbeashorter periodof\ntime.Wedidn'twanttoshorten itmorethantheother\ndefendants hadhad--45daysforthemtoreplyorfilean\nopposition oraresponse ,iftheysochoose.Andthen30days\nforustofileasupplemental reply,ifoneiswarranted or\nrequired ,depending onwhether anything newisfiledand\nwhether itraisesanynewissues.\nTHECOURT:Well,howarethesenewpeople\nanydifferent fromthosewhoelected nottoreceive service\ninthiscase?Werethemotions servedonallhundreds and\nhundreds ofnameddefendants ?\nMR.HERSKOVITS :Well,sure.Thesame,the\nsameunderlying papershavebeenservedonalldefendants .\nThesepeoplearedifferent ,justinthattheyhaven'tbeen\nserveduntilafterthebriefing schedule wasalready under\nway.So,theydon'tdifferinanywayotherthanthatthey've\nbeenbrought intothecaselater,toolatetoparticipate in\nthatoriginal briefing schedule forintervention .Ithink,\nifI'mremembering --Case 3:73-cv-00128-RCJ-WGC Document 669 Filed 03/07/13 Page 34 of 116 1\n2\n3\n4\n5\n6\n7\n8\n9\n10\n11\n12\n13\n14\n15\n16\n17\n18\n19\n20\n21\n22\n23\n24\n25\nKATHRYN M.FRENCH,RPR,CCR\n(775)786-558435\nTHECOURT:Soifwedon'thaveanother status\nconference untilMarch,evenamonthaway,thenyougivethem\n45daysafterthat,you'retakingusintoMaybeforeit's\ndeemedtoberipeforJudgeJonestotakealookat?\nMR.HERSKOVITS :Well,Ithinkthat'sprobably\ncorrect.Ifweweretohavetofileasupplemental reply,\nthatisaboutwhatthetimeframeseemedtometobe,Your\nHonor.\nNow,Iwillsaythattherewassomediscussion\naboutwhether tomoveforward withbriefing onintervention ,\nandwhether itwasappropriate todoitbeforethislast,\nthislastbatchofdefendants hadactually beenserved,and\nsotheywouldbepresent,sotospeak,iftheywantedtobe,\nforbriefing onthatissue.Ithinkatthetimetherewas\nabitofunclarity,maybe,aboutwhether thatwasabsolutely\nnecessary ,orwhether itwasfinetomoveforward with\nintervention without thosedefendants havingbeenbrought\nintothecaseyet.Andthedecision --itmaynothavebeen\nasformaladecision asI'mmakingitsound.Idon'tmeanto\ninvestmorefinality thanithad,buttheimpression Ihadwas\nthattheCourthaddiscussed itwiththeparties,andIthink\nIhadaddressed it,andmaybethatMr.DePaoli orsomeone else\nonthedefendant 'ssidehadaddressed it,andsuggested that\nsomesupplemental opportunity tobriefthesameintervention\nissuecouldbeprovided ,beforeitwasdecided,tothesenewlyCase 3:73-cv-00128-RCJ-WGC Document 669 Filed 03/07/13 Page 35 of 116 1\n2\n3\n4\n5\n6\n7\n8\n9\n10\n11\n12\n13\n14\n15\n16\n17\n18\n19\n20\n21\n22\n23\n24\n25\nKATHRYN M.FRENCH,RPR,CCR\n(775)786-558436\nserveddefendants .That'swhywe'vemovedaheadwiththis\nproposed orderandthisideaofsetting asupplemental\nschedule ,briefbriefing schedule ,relatively short.\nTHECOURT:Well,myunderstanding onthe\nMotionForIntervention isthat,really,onlytheprincipal\nplayers tothiscasehavefiledanything ,andnoneofthe\notherpeoplewhohavebeenservedinthiscasedidanything\nwithit.\nMR.HERSKOVITS :That'scorrect.\nTHECOURT:Sowhat'stheexpectation asto\ntheseothers?AndIknowthereareconsiderations thatthey\nshouldhaveanopportunity .But,ontheotherhand,it's\ngoingtodelaythisouttwo,threemonthsagain.AndIguess\nintheoverall schemeofthings,something hasbeengoingon\nsince--whendidMineral Countyfirstfile,'96?\nMR.HERSKOVITS :'94.\nTHECOURT:'94.What'sanother threemonths\ninthe20-yearhistory ofthiscase?\nMR.HERSKOVITS :Well,YourHonor,Imean,\nthat'savalidpoint.Ithinkthelikelihood orthe\nexpectation islow.I'mnotsurewhat,ifanything ,will\nbefiled.But,Ialsodon'tfeelastheplaintiff 'slegal\ncounsel,thatit'smyplacetoassumethatnoneofthesenew\ndefendants wouldfileanything .So,it'squitepossible\nnothing willbefiled.Case 3:73-cv-00128-RCJ-WGC Document 669 Filed 03/07/13 Page 36 of 116 1\n2\n3\n4\n5\n6\n7\n8\n9\n10\n11\n12\n13\n14\n15\n16\n17\n18\n19\n20\n21\n22\n23\n24\n25\nKATHRYN M.FRENCH,RPR,CCR\n(775)786-558437\nTHECOURT:Does--IguessWalkerRivertook\ntheleadonthatanyway,doesWalkerRiverIrrigation District\nhaveanyposition aboutthis?\nMR.DEPAOLI:No,YourHonor.\nTHECOURT:Whendidyoudistribute ,\nMr.Herskovits ;thisProposed OrderSetting Supplemental\nBriefing Schedule ?\nMR.HERSKOVITS :Wecirculated ittotheother\nprimary parties onthisTuesday,the5th.\nTHECOURT:Andnoresponse ?\nMR.HERSKOVITS :No,wehaven'treceived any\nresponse .\nTHECOURT:Allright.Doesanyonehaveany\ncomment orsuggestion onthissupplemental briefing schedule ?\nMS.SCHNEIDER :YourHonor,thisisSusan\nSchneider .I'mlooking atthesummary oftheproceeding ,the\nStatusConference onDecember 13th.AndIdon'tknowwhether\ntheCourthasthat,butthereisaparagraph onpage4--\nTHECOURT:Youknow,IhaditwhenIwalkedin\nhereandnow--oh,IgaveittoMs.Ogden.\nMS.SCHNEIDER :Okay.Thatdiscusses ,Ithink,\nthisissuealittlebit.Icanreadit--\nTHECOURT:No,Ihaveitnow.Justwaita\nsecond.Whereareyou,whichparagraph ?\nMS.SCHNEIDER :I'mlooking --thisis,Ithink,Case 3:73-cv-00128-RCJ-WGC Document 669 Filed 03/07/13 Page 37 of 116 1\n2\n3\n4\n5\n6\n7\n8\n9\n10\n11\n12\n13\n14\n15\n16\n17\n18\n19\n20\n21\n22\n23\n24\n25\nKATHRYN M.FRENCH,RPR,CCR\n(775)786-558438\nthedocument Ihaveisstilladraft,butIthinkit'spage4,\nandit'sparagraph 2,section 2(a),andthelastparagraph\nthere.Itstartsout:\"Inresponse toMagistrate Cobb's\nrequest --\"\nTHECOURT:Right.\n(Judgereviewing document .)\nTHECOURT:\"Mr.Herskovits willdraftan\nordertogooutafterservice iscomplete ,thatidentifies\natimeframetofilecomments andreplies tocomments .\nMr.Herskovits willcirculate hisdraft.Magistrate Judge\nCobbwilldiscuss thisprocess withChiefJudgeJones.\"\nIthinkwhatI'mgoingtodoisfollowonwhat\nwassaidintheagendaanddiscuss thiswithJudgeJonesto\nseewhether hewantstoaffordtheseadditional parties the\nopportunity towadeintothismotion,orwhether hesays\nlet'sgoahead.Itmaybeawhileforhimtogettoit\nanywaywiththe,asI'vetoldyouguys--or,excuseme,I\nshouldn'tusethattypephrase--asI'vetoldeveryone\nherethatwiththeretirement ofJudgeReedandJudgeHicks,\neventhoughhe'sstilltakingafullcaseload,thedistrict\njudgeshere,withthetwoorthreevacancies ,arereally\noverloaded.\nIknowthathewantedtogetgoingonthemotion.\nThat'swhyIsetupthebriefing schedule .Eventhough,at\nthattime,theCourtwasawarethatthereisstilltobeCase 3:73-cv-00128-RCJ-WGC Document 669 Filed 03/07/13 Page 38 of 116 1\n2\n3\n4\n5\n6\n7\n8\n9\n10\n11\n12\n13\n14\n15\n16\n17\n18\n19\n20\n21\n22\n23\n24\n25\nKATHRYN M.FRENCH,RPR,CCR\n(775)786-558439\nservice onotherparties.AndIthinktherationale\nJudgeJonesexpressed wasthatitfrequently happens in\ncaseswheredecisions aremadeinacase,andthensome\notherparties brought inisboundbythatdecision .So,\nit'snotthatunusual ofaprocedure .SoIdon'tknowhow\nhewillreacttothis,butIwilldiscuss itwithhim.\nMr.Herskovits ,couldyougoaheadandfilethat\nproposed ordersoI'llhavethatdocument ?\nMR.HERSKOVITS :Yes,YourHonor.Andjust\nfortherecord,certainly Mineral Countyisnottryingto\npressure theCourttoadd,addagratuitous amountoftime\noropportunity forthenewlyserveddefendants .We'rejust\ntryingtobeverysensitive tothepotential complaints of\ndefendants whomighthavecomeinjustbarelyafterthe\nbriefing wasstarted orcompleted .\nTHECOURT:Allright.Whatmilitates against\nthat,asI'vesaidearlier,isnooneelse,otherthanthe\nprincipal players inthiscase,havefiledanything .And,\ntwo,Ibelieve alltheseareindividual users,similar to\nthosewhohavealready beenservedinthiscase,whoareamong\nthosewhodidn'tdoanything inthecase.\nMR.HERSKOVITS :That'scorrect,YourHonor.\nTHECOURT:Allright.Doesanyoneelsehave\nanything tocomment onwithrespect tothisagendaitem?\nAnd,Ms.Schneider ,thankyouforbringing thattoCase 3:73-cv-00128-RCJ-WGC Document 669 Filed 03/07/13 Page 39 of 116 1\n2\n3\n4\n5\n6\n7\n8\n9\n10\n11\n12\n13\n14\n15\n16\n17\n18\n19\n20\n21\n22\n23\n24\n25\nKATHRYN M.FRENCH,RPR,CCR\n(775)786-558440\nmyattention .And,Mr.Herskovits ,thankyou,too.\n(Noresponse .)\nTHECOURT:Noneappearing ,let'smoveon.\nItlookslike--does3-A,Ms.Schneider ,isthat\nsomething thatyouwantedtotakeon?\nMS.SCHNEIDER :I'mdeferring toMr.Guarino.\nI'mtryingto.\nMR.GUARINO:That'sfine,YourHonor.\nTHECOURT:Mr.Guarino,I'msorry.\nMR.GUARINO:That'sokay.\nTHECOURT:Iguessmyquestion isareweback,\nagain,withthisLiaGriffin inputthatweneed?\nHaveweheardbackfromMs.Griffin?\nTHECLERK:Yes,YourHonor.Letmeprintit.\nTHECOURT:Mr.Guarino,whydon'tyougoahead\nwiththediscussion of3-Awhilewe'rewaiting onthis.\nMR.GUARINO:Thankyou,YourHonor.AndI\nwillbackupjustabitbackto1-A.Imeanttomention,\nwhenIwasgivingmybriefsummary report,thatbasedupon\nwherewe'reatontheservice,theservice andcontinuing\nservice efforts thatweareundergoing,itappears we're\nestimating thatwewillnotbeabletocomplete service on\nthe125Bcaseuntil,withthedormant riparian waterrights\nholders,untilprobably MayorJune.Ithinkwewerealittle\nmoreoptimistic ,inDecember ,aboutwhenwemightbeabletoCase 3:73-cv-00128-RCJ-WGC Document 669 Filed 03/07/13 Page 40 of 116 1\n2\n3\n4\n5\n6\n7\n8\n9\n10\n11\n12\n13\n14\n15\n16\n17\n18\n19\n20\n21\n22\n23\n24\n25\nKATHRYN M.FRENCH,RPR,CCR\n(775)786-558441\nfinishservice onthosefolks,butIthink--wethinkamore\nrealistic timeframeisMayorJune.\nAndsowiththatsaid,andmovingbackoverto\n3-Aconcerning publication ,wehavebeguntolookat\ntheissue.Ihavehadsomepreliminary contact with\nMr.Herskovits withrespect tothecommonissuesof\npublication concerning 125Band125C.Idon'tanticipate\nthatwewouldmoveforward onpublication untilafterwe've\ncompleted service.Andthen--\nTHECOURT:Andwhatwouldpublication befor,\norforwhom?\nMR.GUARINO:Publication wouldbeforanyone\nwhowehavenotidentified assomeone whowouldneedbegiven\nnoticeoftheseproceedings ;orwhowewereultimately unable\ntocontact for--through theservice process thatwewould\notherwise have.\nTHECOURT:Wouldthatholdtruefor128aswell\nas127?\nMR.HERSKOVITS :Yes,YourHonor.It'sthesame\nsituation .\nTHECOURT:Couldtherebeonenotice,ordo\nyouhavetohavetwodifferent publications ?\nMR.HERSKOVITS :Well,they'retwoseparate\ncaseswithseparate issues,andsothey're--Ithinkitcould\nmaybebejointly done,butitwouldhavetobeveryclearlyCase 3:73-cv-00128-RCJ-WGC Document 669 Filed 03/07/13 Page 41 of 116 1\n2\n3\n4\n5\n6\n7\n8\n9\n10\n11\n12\n13\n14\n15\n16\n17\n18\n19\n20\n21\n22\n23\n24\n25\nKATHRYN M.FRENCH,RPR,CCR\n(775)786-558442\nsetouttomakesurepeoplewereinformed ofthenatureofthe\ntwocases.But,wearethinking thatthereisenoughthat's\ncommontowhatneedstobedoneonthetwoproceedings ,that\nitwouldbeproductive forustotalkaboutwhatwethink\nneedstobeincluded anddoneandshareideasabouthowit\ncouldbedoneefficiently .\nMR.GUARINO:Andthat'swhatwepropose todo\nmovingforward.\nTHECOURT:Sothisissortofacatchall kind\nofnotice:Pleasebeadvised thatthere'salawsuit pending\nwhichmayaffectyourwaterrights.\nMR.GUARINO:Precisely ,YourHonor.\nMR.HERSKOVITS :Yes.\nTHECOURT:Butthat'sstillpremature todo\nthat?\nMR.GUARINO:Ibelieve so.\nMR.HERSKOVITS :Yes.\nTHECOURT:Well,thatcouldalsothrowamonkey\nwrenchinthatotherorderaboutthoseyoujustservedabout\nyouhave45daystofilesomething ifyouwant.Thenifyou\ngooutanddoanotice,well,shouldn'tthosepeoplefallin\nthesamecategory ?\nMR.HERSKOVITS :Well,onecouldtakethe\nposition thattheydo,YourHonor.Ithinkthatitdidn't\ncomeupinearlier discussions .AndourviewwouldbethatCase 3:73-cv-00128-RCJ-WGC Document 669 Filed 03/07/13 Page 42 of 116 1\n2\n3\n4\n5\n6\n7\n8\n9\n10\n11\n12\n13\n14\n15\n16\n17\n18\n19\n20\n21\n22\n23\n24\n25\nKATHRYN M.FRENCH,RPR,CCR\n(775)786-558443\nonceyougettothepublication stage,youprobably dohave\nacleartipping ofthebalance ofthesefactors,where\npeoplewhohavebeen--overthemanyyears,havenotgotten\nidentified andhavenotsomehow gotteninvolved inthecase\nyet,it'snotverylikelythatpeoplewillcomeoutatthat\npointandaddmuchtothecase.Andsoatthatpoint,I\nwouldn'tsuggest perpetually ,orforaprolonged period,\nholding openintervention briefing further.Itseemstome\nthatitbecomes evermoreattenuated asyougointo,now,\nthespeculative outcome ofnoticebypublication .\nTHECOURT:Well,Icertainly thinkthere\nshouldbesortofacatchall noticebypublication inboth\ncases,andIthinkit'spremature todiscuss thedetails.\nButthatbeingsaid,IthinkthattakescareofTopic3-A,\nunlessanyoneelsehasanycomments tomake.\nMr.DePaoli.\nMR.DEPAOLI:YourHonor,justonecomment.\nWithout sayingthatpublication canorcannotbecommon\nwithrespect toBandC,itdoesseemtome,though,thata\ndecision willneedtobemadeontheMotiontoIntervene and\nthefilingoftheComplaint inIntervention beforethereisa\npublication withrespect toC.\nTHECOURT:Why?Idisagree.Youthinkthere\nhastobeadecision onthe--whether theycanintervene or\nnot?Shouldn'ttheybegivenanopportunity towadeinontheCase 3:73-cv-00128-RCJ-WGC Document 669 Filed 03/07/13 Page 43 of 116 1\n2\n3\n4\n5\n6\n7\n8\n9\n10\n11\n12\n13\n14\n15\n16\n17\n18\n19\n20\n21\n22\n23\n24\n25\nKATHRYN M.FRENCH,RPR,CCR\n(775)786-558444\npossibility thatintervention isorisnotappropriate ?\nMR.DEPAOLI:Well,that'ssortofthesame\ndiscussion wewerehavingaboutthepeoplewhohavebeen\nrecently served.Ifthat'sthe--ifthat'sthepurpose of\nthepublication ,toletpeopleknowthattheremightbea\nlawsuit inwhichsomeone mightbeallowed toassertthrough\nintervention --\nTHECOURT:Oh,Iseeyourpoint.\nMR.DEPAOLI:--andthattheyhavetimeto\nopposetheintervention ,ifthat'sthepurpose,thenthat,\nmaybe,iscorrect.Butmyunderstanding isthatthepurpose\nofthispublication istoletpeopleknowthatthereactually\nissuchalawsuit pending,andthat'swhyitseemstomethat,\nastoC,thatdecision shouldcomefirst.\nTHECOURT:Well,Iwoulddisagreethatthe\ndecision hastocomefirst,butIcanseethatnowthat\nnotices wouldnotnecessarily be,touseyourtermcommon,\nthatyouwouldneedonenoticetoadviseeveryone thatMineral\nCountywantstointervene inthislawsuit forthepurpose\nofsecuring morewaterforWalkerLake.Something tothat\neffect.And,aMotionForIntervention ispending.And\nyou'regivennoticeofthisandyouhavetheopportunity to\ncomment ifyousodesire.\nTheotheronewouldbe,the127case,whereit's\njust--there'sanactionpending.AndifyouhaveanyclaimCase 3:73-cv-00128-RCJ-WGC Document 669 Filed 03/07/13 Page 44 of 116 1\n2\n3\n4\n5\n6\n7\n8\n9\n10\n11\n12\n13\n14\n15\n16\n17\n18\n19\n20\n21\n22\n23\n24\n25\nKATHRYN M.FRENCH,RPR,CCR\n(775)786-558445\ntorights,youbettertakenoteofthepending lawsuit.\nSomething likethat.\nAllright.Gooddistinction .Thankyou.\nMR.HERSKOVITS :YourHonor,ifIcanjustmaybe\naddapointtothat,orrefineitalittlebit.Twothings\noccurtome:OneisthatinCandinB,it'snotjustanyone\nintheuniverse whohasthestanding tocomein,butthe\nnoticewouldalertanyunidentified Decreewaterrightsor\nsurface appropriated waterrightsholder,whosomehow hadn't\nbeenservedpersonally ,tocomeforward.So,itwouldn'tbe\nquitejustanyonewhowantstocomment.\nTHECOURT:Right.It'sjustthosepeoplewho\nclaimtohavewaterrightsintheWalkerRiverBasin?\nMR.HERSKOVITS :Yes,YourHonor.\nTheotherthingIwantedtonoteiswearelikely\ntobefinished withpersonal service bytheendofFebruary ;\nwhichmeans,atleastintheory,thatwecouldmoveto\npublication inMarch.However,itdoesn'tsoundasthough\ntheUnitedStatesandTribewillbefinished untilmaybe\nMayorJune.Somaybethat,bythattime,adecision on\nintervention willhavebeenmade,evenifthereisthe\nsupplemental briefing schedule ,whichwouldthenputthetwo\nnotices on,roughly,thesametime.\nTHECOURT:Idon'tthinktheyhavetogoin\nlockstep,myself.Iwouldthinkthatyoucouldproceed withCase 3:73-cv-00128-RCJ-WGC Document 669 Filed 03/07/13 Page 45 of 116 1\n2\n3\n4\n5\n6\n7\n8\n9\n10\n11\n12\n13\n14\n15\n16\n17\n18\n19\n20\n21\n22\n23\n24\n25\nKATHRYN M.FRENCH,RPR,CCR\n(775)786-558446\nnotice--\nMR.HERSKOVITS :That'strue;yes.\nTHECOURT:--andthatwouldbemyinclination\ntogointhatfashion.So,maybehavethatreadytogoasa\ntopic--\nMR.HERSKOVITS :InMarch?\nTHECOURT:--atthenextconference .\nMR.HERSKOVITS :Uh-huh.\nTHECOURT:AndIthinkweoughttohaveonein\nMarchratherthanwaiting twomonths.\nMR.HERSKOVITS :Ithinkso,YourHonor,\nbecause wewill,Ibelieve,willbefinished withpersonal\nservice andreadytotakethisnextstep.Inthemeantime ,\nMr.Guarino andIcandiscuss whatkindof--ifthereareany\nefficiencies orcommonalties inhowPublication Notice,what\npublication shouldbepursued,wecanworkthatout,evenif\ntheyarepublished separately atdifferent times.\nTHECOURT:Allright.Thenlet'sturn--\nunlessthereareanyothertopicson3-A?\n(Noresponse .)\nTHECOURT:Noneappearing ,let'sgoto3-B\naboutthedrafte-service order.Andthatwaswhatwas\n1779-1,whichhasbeensubmitted toJudgeJones.Ithink\nhewasconcerned thatthereweregoingtobearguments onit\ntoday.Andmyunderstanding isthereisnoargument ontheCase 3:73-cv-00128-RCJ-WGC Document 669 Filed 03/07/13 Page 46 of 116 1\n2\n3\n4\n5\n6\n7\n8\n9\n10\n11\n12\n13\n14\n15\n16\n17\n18\n19\n20\n21\n22\n23\n24\n25\nKATHRYN M.FRENCH,RPR,CCR\n(775)786-558447\nformandcontent of1779-1.\nAmImistaken inthatbelief?\n(Noresponse .)\nTHECOURT:Allright.Thentheonlythingthat\nJudgeJonesneedstoascertain thenisadateinparagraph 14\nforthedeadline forpeopletoreturnthenoticeresponse .\nAfterJudgeJonessignsthisorder,thewebsite,whichis\nreadytogo,willgolive.\nSo,tome,thattakescareofthediscussion of\nthee-service order,unlessanyoneelsehasanything to\ncomment onthat.Butthenwehavetogobacktothat--what\nwastheotherissueonelectronic service theywereasking\nMs.Griffin?\nWell,again,Igetbacktothee-service order\ndiscussed inthesummary atpage5,andthewebsite order,\nJudgeJonessaidthatyoudon'tneedageneral order.He\ndoesn'twantageneral order.Hewantedanordertobe\nentered inthiscase.Andthat'swhyIthought thegeneral\norderandtheE-ServeOrderaboutthewebsite werealltaken\ncareofby1779-1.\nDoesanyonethinkdifferently ?\n(Noresponse .)\nMS.SCHNEIDER :YourHonor,thisisSusan\nSchneider .Ithinktheonlyquestion waswhether Ms.Griffin\nhasadifferent viewofit.AndIjustdon'tknowtheanswer.Case 3:73-cv-00128-RCJ-WGC Document 669 Filed 03/07/13 Page 47 of 116 1\n2\n3\n4\n5\n6\n7\n8\n9\n10\n11\n12\n13\n14\n15\n16\n17\n18\n19\n20\n21\n22\n23\n24\n25\nKATHRYN M.FRENCH,RPR,CCR\n(775)786-558448\nTHECOURT:Well,whatwegotbackfrom\nMs.Griffin,andshesaidthattheorderbeingreviewed by\nChiefJudgeJonesincludes thewebsite ande-service.SoI\nthinksheandIare,atleast,areonthesamewebpage--if\nyouwanttousethatphrase--samewavelengththere.\nMS.SCHNEIDER :Allrightthen.Thenthat's--\nTHECOURT:Now,downtheline,Iguess,she\nsayswe'regoingtoprobably havesomething likethisinthe\nCcase.\nMr.Herskovits .\nMR.HERSKOVITS :Yes;that'stheexpectation ,\nYourHonor.\nTHECOURT:Okay.\nMR.HERSKOVITS :I'mnotsurethey'llbemuch\ndifferent .Wecouldprobably ,withminimum modification ,use\nthesameorder.Wewerenot--wewerenotprepared tomove\nontothatyetuntilwefinished ourpersonal service.So,\nthatmaybesomething elsethatshouldbeputontotheagenda\nfortheMarchstatusconference ,asimilar e-service orderfor\nthe125Cornumber128case,thatproceeding .\nTHECOURT:Well,whenyoudotheagenda,I\nthinkoneofthetopicsoughttobe,andmaybeareportfrom\nMs.Griffin,onhowthewebsite isworking outandany\ncomplications .And,certainly ,ifanyonehasanyissues\nafteritdoesgolive,pleaseletherknow.Case 3:73-cv-00128-RCJ-WGC Document 669 Filed 03/07/13 Page 48 of 116 1\n2\n3\n4\n5\n6\n7\n8\n9\n10\n11\n12\n13\n14\n15\n16\n17\n18\n19\n20\n21\n22\n23\n24\n25\nKATHRYN M.FRENCH,RPR,CCR\n(775)786-558449\nSoisthereanything elseonagendaItem3-Band\n3-C?\nMR.GUARINO:Idon'tbelieve so,YourHonor.\nTHECOURT:Allright.Noneappearing ,let's\ngotothethingofsetting thedateforournextstatus\nconference onthiscaseinMarch.I'mlooking attheweek\nofMarch11th.The14thImayhavetobeinLasVegas.\nWhataboutthe13th,Wednesday ?\nMR.WILLIAMS :YourHonor,Ihaveahearing with\ntheStateEngineer onthe13th.\nTHECOURT:Whattimeisthathearing?\nMR.WILLIAMS :9:00a.m.I'mnotexactly sure\nhowlongit'sgoingtolast.\nTHECOURT:Couldwesetthis,perhaps,at\n11:00?\nMR.WILLIAMS :Yeah,well,thathearing isin\nCarsonCity.\nTHECOURT:1:00?\nMR.WILLIAMS :Ibelieve so.Ibelieve that\nwouldwork.\nTHECOURT:ThereasonwhyI'mlooking atthat\nweekisbecause wehad,allthejudgeshere,magistrate\njudges,hadreserved itonourcalendars forpossible\nassistance tothemagistrate judgesinLasVegasonaweek\nofsettlement conferences .Anditappears thatthatisbeingCase 3:73-cv-00128-RCJ-WGC Document 669 Filed 03/07/13 Page 49 of 116 1\n2\n3\n4\n5\n6\n7\n8\n9\n10\n11\n12\n13\n14\n15\n16\n17\n18\n19\n20\n21\n22\n23\n24\n25\nKATHRYN M.FRENCH,RPR,CCR\n(775)786-558450\nvacated now,soIhavesometimeinmycalendar .Otherwise ,\nI'minaworldofhurtaboutmovingthingsaround.\nSolet'ssetitforMarch13at1:00p.m.,\n1:30p.m.AndIdon'tknowthatwehaveanything momentous\nthatIwouldnecessarily askeveryone tobehereinperson.\nYoucanparticipate byphone.But,certainly ,ifyouwant\ntoattendpersonally ,that'sfinewithme.\nNow,beforewereturntothiscasemanagement\nissue,andwe'lltakealittlerecessbeforewedothat,is\nthereanything else,additional issuesthatneedtobe\naddressed heretodaythatwehaven'tcovered?\n(Noresponse .)\nTHECOURT:Allright.Nowthenexttopicwill\nbethecasemanagement issues.Mythought isthatthosewill\nprobably takesometime,butIwouldliketocontinue through\nthelunchhoursowecangetthisdoneandletthosethatgot\ntocatchaplaneorsomething getoutofhere.Sowhydon't\nwetaketenminutes.Andunlessanyonehasviolent objection ,\nandwe'llstartthosearguments abouttheAmendment ofthe\nCaseManagement Order.\nSo,we'llbeinrecessforthattenminutes.\n(Recesstaken.)\n(Backonrecordat11:40a.m.)\nTHECOURT:Pleasebeseated.\nTHECLERK:Thisistoreflect thatwe'rebackCase 3:73-cv-00128-RCJ-WGC Document 669 Filed 03/07/13 Page 50 of 116 1\n2\n3\n4\n5\n6\n7\n8\n9\n10\n11\n12\n13\n14\n15\n16\n17\n18\n19\n20\n21\n22\n23\n24\n25\nKATHRYN M.FRENCH,RPR,CCR\n(775)786-558451\nontherecordintheUnitedStatesofAmerica versusWalker\nRiverIrrigation District ,andothers.\nTHECOURT:Atthistime,we'lltakeupthe\nagendaitemontheproposals toamendorsupplement ,however\nyouwanttocallit,theCaseManagement Orderinthismatter.\nItappears theUnitedStateshastakentheleadonthisin\nthe127case.\nAndMr.Guarino orMs.Schneider ,Idon'tknow\nwho'sgoingtocontinue here.\nMR.GUARINO:Thatwouldbeme,YourHonor.\nTHECOURT:Andjusttoleteveryone know,I\nandmylawclerkhavegonethrough these,discussed them,and\nthenIwentbackandrereadthemagistrate judge101education\nyougavemewhenIfirstcameintothiscasetobringmeup\ntospeed,andtriedtogetabetterhandleonit.So,Iam\nfamiliar withyourarguments .AndIthought theywereboth\nverywellwritten andverywellprepared ,ashasbeenmost\neverything inthiscase.There'ssomeexcellent lawyering\ngoingoninthismatter.\nWiththatMr.Guarino,goahead.\nMR.GUARINO:Thankyou,YourHonor.\nWhileIthinkthatourposition isfairlysquarely\npresented inourbriefs,we'reseeking theCourttoissuea\nSupplemental CaseManagement Order,forthereasons thatwe\narticulate ,andtoproceed asefficiently aspossible ,andtoCase 3:73-cv-00128-RCJ-WGC Document 669 Filed 03/07/13 Page 51 of 116 1\n2\n3\n4\n5\n6\n7\n8\n9\n10\n11\n12\n13\n14\n15\n16\n17\n18\n19\n20\n21\n22\n23\n24\n25\nKATHRYN M.FRENCH,RPR,CCR\n(775)786-558452\nmovethiscaseforward.Wethinkthattheproposal thatwe\nhave,whichistheCourtshouldenteraSupplemental Case\nManagement Orderthatwouldnexthavetheparties,all\nparties,filetheirRule12motions tochallenge thelegal\nsufficiency oftheTribalclaims,theComplaint --I'msorry,\nthefederal,theUnitedStates'counter-claim,tochallenge\nanyoftheclaimsoftheUnitedStates'counter-claimwould\nbethemostefficient waytoproceed.\nWe'vearguedtotheCourtthatthebestwayto\nproceed istofollowtheRulesofCivilProcedure ,which\noutlinesapathfornotonlythiscase,buteverycasethat\ncomesbeforetheCourt.Thiscaseisreallynodifferent\nfromanyothercase.It'snotacomplicated case.It\ndoesn't,itdoesn'ttrigger anynotions ofcomplex civil\nlitigation .\nWestartwith,ofcourse,theCaseManagement\nOrder,whichwasissuedaboutadecadeago.AndintheCase\nManagement Order,thejudgewasveryclearthatwhenwe\ngottothispointintheproceedings ,themagistrate would\nhavetomakeanumberofdecisions .Anditgave,Ithink,\nthemagistrate verywidelatitude ,anddirected themagistrate\nthatyou'regoingtohavetocontrol --\nTHECOURT:Magistrate judge.\nMR.GUARINO:Magistrate judge.Sorry.\nTHECOURT:That'stheofficial titlesinceCase 3:73-cv-00128-RCJ-WGC Document 669 Filed 03/07/13 Page 52 of 116 1\n2\n3\n4\n5\n6\n7\n8\n9\n10\n11\n12\n13\n14\n15\n16\n17\n18\n19\n20\n21\n22\n23\n24\n25\nKATHRYN M.FRENCH,RPR,CCR\n(775)786-558453\n1990.\nMR.GUARINO:AndImisspeak .I'msorry.\nThemagistrate judgehasalotofdiscretion here\ntoproceed asit,ashebelieves isthemostefficient wayto\nproceed inthiscase.\nTHECOURT:Well,wasn'tpartofthatdiscretion\nhewassayingthatthatwouldinclude thisbriefing ofwhathe\ncalledthethreshold issues?\nMR.GUARINO:Possibly ;yes.\nTHECOURT:Idon'tknowitit'spossibly .\nIt'sblackandwhiteinthatCMO.Imean,it'sJudgeReed,\nwholived,breathed anddiedthiscase,andcameupwiththe\nsub-bracketing ideaforthevarious cases,andthought that\nthebestmanagement approach isthisideaofthebriefing of\nthethreshold issues.\nMR.GUARINO:TheCourtwasveryclearthat\nthemagistrate judgeshouldconsider whatissuesitshould,\nitshouldproceed on.Andit'stheUnitedStates'position ,\nveryclearly,thatit'sthe--thatlegalissues,simplythe\nlegalissues,thechallenges ,thelegal,thelegalchallenges\ntothesufficiency oftheTribalclaimsshouldbethose\nthreshold issues,ifyouwanttolabelthemthatway,that\nthiscourtshouldproceed with.Theyare,theyareaknown\nsetofpotential issuesthatcanbedeveloped byanyparty,\nthatcanbebrought byanybody.There'snolimitation uponCase 3:73-cv-00128-RCJ-WGC Document 669 Filed 03/07/13 Page 53 of 116 1\n2\n3\n4\n5\n6\n7\n8\n9\n10\n11\n12\n13\n14\n15\n16\n17\n18\n19\n20\n21\n22\n23\n24\n25\nKATHRYN M.FRENCH,RPR,CCR\n(775)786-558454\nanypartyfromdoingso.\nTHECOURT:Givemeanexample ofsomeofthe\ntypesoffederal rulemotions you'retalking about;all12(b)\nmotions?\nMR.GUARINO:Yes,all12(b)motions.Andfor\nexample,theWalkerRiverIrrigation District raisestheissue\nofgroundwater .Andthey,apparently ,seemtobearguing that\nreserved waterrightscannotinclude claimsforgroundwater .\nWeanticipate that'sgoingtobeachallenge tothevery\nsufficiency ofour,ofourTribalclaims.Theycanbring\nthat--Ibelieve theycanbringthatasa12(b)(6)challenge\ntotheTribalclaimsthatyoucan't,youcan'thavereserve\nwaterrightsthatinvolve groundwater .Ifthat'stheirclaim,\nthat'sonetheyshouldbringit.Theydon'tneedafactual\nbasis.\nTHECOURT:Well,doesthatinvolve any\ndiscovery ?\nMR.GUARINO:Ishouldthinkthatitwouldnot.\nTHECOURT:Okay.Letmeinterrupt onesecond.\nMr.DePaoli,doyouhaveanexample ofsometype\nofpotential motionthatcouldbefiledthatwouldinvolve\ndiscovery ?Justgiveyoutheone.Juststaywhereyouare,\nMr.Guarino.\nMR.GUARINO:Sure.\nMR.DEPAOLI:I'msorry,YourHonor.What?Case 3:73-cv-00128-RCJ-WGC Document 669 Filed 03/07/13 Page 54 of 116 1\n2\n3\n4\n5\n6\n7\n8\n9\n10\n11\n12\n13\n14\n15\n16\n17\n18\n19\n20\n21\n22\n23\n24\n25\nKATHRYN M.FRENCH,RPR,CCR\n(775)786-558455\nTHECOURT:Doyouhaveanyexample ofsome\ntypeofamotionthatthedefendants mightfilethatwould\nnecessitate discovery ?\nMR.DEPAOLI:Yes.\nTHECOURT:What?\nMR.DEPAOLI:Amotionbaseduponclaimand\nissuepreclusion ,forone.\nTHECOURT:Andwhattypeofdiscovery would\nyouenvision underclaimorissuepreclusion ?\nMR.DEPAOLI:WhatIwouldenvision onthat,\nYourHonor,wouldlikelycenteraroundprecisely whatthe\nUnitedStateswasdoinginthelitigation thatwentfrom1925\nto1940withrespect toWeberReservoir andthesurface\nwaterclaimthattheUnitedStateswasasserting atthat\ntime.\nItwouldbeourposition thattheUnitedStates--\nthatthesurface waterclaimthattheUnitedStateswas\nasserting atthattimewouldhaveincluded putting water\nintothatReservoir ,whichhadbeenstudied andwas,infact,\nunderconstruction priortothetimethattheDecreewas\nentered.Andsoour--wewouldneedtogetintoexactly\nwhatwasgoingonatthattime,bothinthepleadings and\nperhaps elsewhere ,astowhyaclaim,today,forasurface\nwaterforWeberReservoir shouldnothavebeenlitigated\nandwaspartofaclaimthatwasinfactlitigated intheCase 3:73-cv-00128-RCJ-WGC Document 669 Filed 03/07/13 Page 55 of 116 1\n2\n3\n4\n5\n6\n7\n8\n9\n10\n11\n12\n13\n14\n15\n16\n17\n18\n19\n20\n21\n22\n23\n24\n25\nKATHRYN M.FRENCH,RPR,CCR\n(775)786-558456\noriginal litigation .\nTHECOURT:Okay.So,hypothetically ,\nMr.Guarino,ifwegoaheadandamendorsupplement theCase\nManagement Order,andthedefendants wantedtododiscovery --\nandI'mnotsayingtheycanorcannotatthistime,butlet's\nsay,hypothetically ,theyallowed themtodoit,wouldthat\nconvert that12(b)motiontoaRule56motion;anddoyou\ncontemplate thattypeofmotionbeingprovided forinthis\nfirstphase?\nMR.GUARINO:Idon't,Idon'tbelieve thatthe\nsupplement --Ibelieve --theanswer,Ithink,isno.Ifit\ncontemplates discovery atthis,inthissup--inthisinitial\nphase,no,Idon'tthinkweshouldproceed tothatissuethen.\nWeshouldwaituntilthediscovery iscomplete .But,letme\nback--\nTHECOURT:Youthinkthat'spartofthemerits\nphase?\nMR.GUARINO:Ido.Ido.Justasanydefense,\norintheveryclaimsthemselves ,needtobediscovered at\nthesametime.AndIwouldsimplydisagreewithMr.DePaoli\naboutwhatwouldbeneededtoestablish aresjudicata or\nclaimpreclusion .\nTHECOURT:Soyourargument ishecouldmake\nthatasa12(b)anyway,without --\nMR.GUARINO:It'sbaseduponthepleading ,isCase 3:73-cv-00128-RCJ-WGC Document 669 Filed 03/07/13 Page 56 of 116 1\n2\n3\n4\n5\n6\n7\n8\n9\n10\n11\n12\n13\n14\n15\n16\n17\n18\n19\n20\n21\n22\n23\n24\n25\nKATHRYN M.FRENCH,RPR,CCR\n(775)786-558457\nmybelief.Andthepleading inthisverycase.Andif\nwedidn't--ifhe'ssayingthatwhatwedidbeforebars,in\nthiscase,barsusfrombringing theclaimnow,thenit's\nreflected inthepleadings themselves .Andyoudon'tneed\ndiscovery forsuchclaims.Idon'tknowwhatintenthe's\ngoingtotryanddivinefrom,fromtheUnitedStates.But,\nclearly,evenifthereareinstances wherelawyers are\nthinking aboutthings,that'snotgoing--that'snotwhat--\nthat'snothowthisissueisdetermined .It'sbasedupon\nwhattheCourtwasrulingon,andwhatthepleadings ofthe\nUnitedStateswere.Youdon'tneeddiscovery forthat.And\nsoIthinkthat'smoreappropriate 12(b),a12(b)(6)motion,\nwhichhecancertainly provide.\nButifit'snecessary toengageindiscovery ,\nthenitshouldnotbeanissuethattheCourtshouldtakeup\nasathreshold issuebecause discovery ,underanysetof\ncircumstances ,foranyoftheissues,whether itbefor\nchallenges totheclaims,ortheveryclaimsthemselves ,is\ngoingtobeaveryinvolved process thanwhatMr.DePaoli\nandtheopponents tothismotionisoftheposition of;is\nwe'regoingtogothrough discovery notonce,butatleast\ntwiceon--\nTHECOURT:Butyou'realsosayingthatifa\npartydoesn'tmakea12(b)motionatthistime,they're\nprecluded .Butwhathappens if,duringdiscovery inPhaseII,Case 3:73-cv-00128-RCJ-WGC Document 669 Filed 03/07/13 Page 57 of 116 1\n2\n3\n4\n5\n6\n7\n8\n9\n10\n11\n12\n13\n14\n15\n16\n17\n18\n19\n20\n21\n22\n23\n24\n25\nKATHRYN M.FRENCH,RPR,CCR\n(775)786-558458\nyoufindsomething that'srelevant thatgivesrisetoa12(b)\ntypeofmotion?Aretheyprecluded ;orshouldwemodifyyour\nproposal tosay\"exceptaspermitted bylegalcourt.\"\nMR.GUARINO:Well,YourHonor,theway,\nthewayRule12motions work,through theRulesofCivil\nProcedure ,apartyfirstneedstoeitherraisetheirRule12\nmotions beforetheyanswer,atthetimetheyanswer.Ifthe\nissueissomething thatinvolves something morethanthe\nstrictpleadings ofthecaseandinvolves otherthings,the\nCourtcanconvert consideration ofthatmotionintoaRule56\nmotionandconsider it,andeitherresolve itthen,orresolve\nitlater.TheCourthasanumberofoptions here.\nButwhatourposition isisthatifwe,ifwe\nimmediately juststartdeveloping ,Iwoulddescribe them\nasaseriesofjustbasically challenges totheclaims,\nandhavethemcompletely litigated fromthreshold issue\nestablishment ,todiscovery ,tosomesortofmotions practice\nthrough somesortofevidentiary hearing --whichiswhatI\nbelieve aWalkerRiverIrrigation District isproposing --\nwe'regoingtosimplybeinanendless loopofissuesthat\nwilleventually leadusrightbacktowherewe'reatright\nnow;whichis,we'lleventually havetogettotheclaims.\nNow,ofcourse,Ibelieve WalkerRiverIrrigation\nDistrict 'snoticeopposing theTribalclaimshopetoactually\ndefeattheclaimsbeforewegettotheclaims,butwhatwe'reCase 3:73-cv-00128-RCJ-WGC Document 669 Filed 03/07/13 Page 58 of 116 1\n2\n3\n4\n5\n6\n7\n8\n9\n10\n11\n12\n13\n14\n15\n16\n17\n18\n19\n20\n21\n22\n23\n24\n25\nKATHRYN M.FRENCH,RPR,CCR\n(775)786-558459\nsetting uphereis,issortofanendless seriesofissuesfor\ntheCourttotakeupagainandagainandagain.Andthenthe\nCourtisgoingtohavetocomeupwithprocedures againand\nagainandagaintoaddress thesesortsofthings.\nAndwhatwe'reproposing is,underRule12,the\nissuesthatyoucanbringuparestraightforward .They're\nlegalchallenges .They'rechallenges thatdon'tneed\ndiscovery development ordevelopment ofothermaterials .\nAndtheycanbepresented totheCourt,andtheCourtcan\nruleonthem.AndiftheCourtrulesonthemandfindsthat\ntheTribalclaimssurvive,itcanmoveforward.Wecanmove\nforward tofurther casemanagement andfurther development\nofthose--ofthechallenges thatarefiled.\nAndIskipped,Isuppose,whatwereallyneed,of\ncourse,istogettothatpointwhereanAnswerisfiled,\nsoweknowwho'sinvolved inthecase;soweknowwhatthe\nchallenges aretotheclaims;andwecanproceed todiscovery\nandcasemanagement onthat.\nTHECOURT:Wouldyourequire anAnswerto\nthe--bytheunrepresented parties?Andwhatiftheydon't\nanswer?\nMR.GUARINO:Iftheydon'tanswer,thenthey\nhavenoapparent complaint totheTribalclaims.\nTHECOURT:Idon'tthinkthat'satallwhat\nJudgeReedcontemplated whenheparticularly saidnodefaultsCase 3:73-cv-00128-RCJ-WGC Document 669 Filed 03/07/13 Page 59 of 116 1\n2\n3\n4\n5\n6\n7\n8\n9\n10\n11\n12\n13\n14\n15\n16\n17\n18\n19\n20\n21\n22\n23\n24\n25\nKATHRYN M.FRENCH,RPR,CCR\n(775)786-558460\nwouldbeentered.\nHowmanyparties didyousayyouhavenow,5200?\nMR.GUARINO:Wehavenotified approximately\n5200.Therehavebeenapproximately 1100individuals who\nhavefiledanintenttoparticipate .Wehaveanumberof\npeoplewhohave--wehaveservedandwehaveheardnothing\nfrom.So,therearethosefolksoutthere.\nSothepotential numberoffolkswhomightstandup\ntoobjectorfileanAnswertotheclaimsispotentially\nlarge.ButastheCourtwastalking earlier with\nMr.Herskovits ,aboutwhoactually isgoingtocomein\nandfileaComplaint orfileanobjection orfileanAnswer\ntotheTribalclaims,isgoingtobearelatively small\nnumberofpeople.Ithinkthat'sprecisely whattheCourt,\nultimately ,wasthinking aboutpreviously .It'stheonly\nthingthattheCourtcouldhavebeenthinking about.\nEventually ,weneedtoknowwhoandwhattheobjections\naretotheTribalclaimsthatwehaveasserted .\nTHECOURT:Well,isn'titreasonable toassume\nthatsomebody whohassomewaterrightsupstream isnotgoing\ntovoluntarily relinquish thoserightsunlesstheyfilethat\ndisclaimer ?\nMR.GUARINO:Letmebackup--\nTHECOURT:Imeancan'tyoudoanassumption\nandjustsayallthosewhohavenotappeared ,whohavebeenCase 3:73-cv-00128-RCJ-WGC Document 669 Filed 03/07/13 Page 60 of 116 1\n2\n3\n4\n5\n6\n7\n8\n9\n10\n11\n12\n13\n14\n15\n16\n17\n18\n19\n20\n21\n22\n23\n24\n25\nKATHRYN M.FRENCH,RPR,CCR\n(775)786-558461\nserved,orthosewhohaveappeared andhavebeenserved,\nwillbedeemedtojustgenerally denytheallegations inthe\ncounter-claim,andgofromthatassumption ?\nMR.GUARINO:Iwouldsayno,YourHonor.And\nforacoupleofreasons.But,letmebackupjustasecond.\nTheCourt'susedtheterm\"default.\"Weneedto\nbeclearherethatwhatwehaveistheTribalclaims,three\nclaimsonbehalfoftheWalkerRiverTribe,andotherclaims\nassociated withthefederal government .Thosearetheclaims\nbeforetheCourt.Theclaimsofotherfolks,thewaterrights\nofotherfolksarenotbeforetheCourt.Thereisnodefault\nonthoserightsatall.Nowtheycancomeinandobjectto\nthewaterrightsoftheUnitedStates,buttheycanalso\nchoosenotto.Andiftheydon'tspeakupandsayIhavean\nobjection --Imeanthat'swhywe'vebeenproviding service\nforthelastdecadetofolks,sothattheycancomein\nandsayIhaveanobjection ;Ihaveananswer;Ihavea\nresponse tothisTribalclaim,anditisasfollows:You\ndon'thavethisright.Thereisnosuchthingasareserved\nwaterrightfortheWalkerRiverTribe.Thereisnosuch\nthingasareserved waterrightforthemarinebase,or\nwhatever ,whatever somebody wantstosay.Butifyoudon't\nsaysomething ,you'renotdefaulted .Thereisnodefault.\nYoujustchoosenottosaysomething .Andso--\nTHECOURT:Anybyimplication ,though,whatCase 3:73-cv-00128-RCJ-WGC Document 669 Filed 03/07/13 Page 61 of 116 1\n2\n3\n4\n5\n6\n7\n8\n9\n10\n11\n12\n13\n14\n15\n16\n17\n18\n19\n20\n21\n22\n23\n24\n25\nKATHRYN M.FRENCH,RPR,CCR\n(775)786-558462\nyou'resayingisthosepeoplehavewaivedanyrighttotheir\nownwaterrightsiftheclaimsoftheTribeinfringe onthose.\nAndsoyou'regoingtobe--theneteffectofyourconclusion\nisthat,oh,yes,theycantakemywaterrightstofulfill the\ngroundwater rightsthattheTribeisseeking,orthefederal\nclaimsthatthegovernment isseeking forPickleMeadows.\nMR.GUARINO:Itisindisputable thatina,\ninabasin,oneperson'sexercise oftheirwaterrightwill\nimpact,theoretically ,anyotherwaterrightholderinthe\nbasin.Butthenotionthatifsomeone has,orexercises\nanestablished waterright,istakingfromanother person,\nanother waterrightholder,issimply,Ibelieve,notcorrect\nbecause that's--thesystemworksinaninter-connective\nway.But,providing orquantifying foronedoesnottake\nfromanother.Theyhavetheirownwaterrights,whatever\ntheymightbe,whenever theywereestablished underwhatever\nlawthatprovides forsuchwaterrights.\nSo,thatis--theissuebeforethisCourtisfor\ntheidentification andquantification oftheTribalwater\nrightsorthefederal waterrightsthatarebeforetheCourt.\nIfapersondoesnotanswer,theyarenotbeingdefaulted .\nTheirwaterrightsarewhattheyare,theyalwayswillbe;\njustastheTribalwaterrightsarewhattheyare.They\nalwayshavebeen.Theyalwayswillbe.Theycameinto\nexistence atthetimetheywerereserved for.AndsothereCase 3:73-cv-00128-RCJ-WGC Document 669 Filed 03/07/13 Page 62 of 116 1\n2\n3\n4\n5\n6\n7\n8\n9\n10\n11\n12\n13\n14\n15\n16\n17\n18\n19\n20\n21\n22\n23\n24\n25\nKATHRYN M.FRENCH,RPR,CCR\n(775)786-558463\nisnotthisnotion--thereisnotamechanism inwhichthis\nwaterrighttakesfromothers.\nAndsoapersoncansay,youknowwhat?Wethink\ntheWalkerRiverisentitled tothiswater.Wethinkthat\nthiswaterrightistheirwaterright.Anditisnot\nunreasonable tothinkthatsomeofthepeoplewhoare\ninterested ,whohavefiledaNoticeofIntentToParticipate ,\nthinkthat.Theycanagreewiththat.That'snot\ninconsistent withourposition .Andiftheydon'tcome\nintoAnswerorfiletheirobjection ,theyaresayingto\nthiscourt,because theyhavebeenprovided notice,that\nwehavethese,thisclaimbeforetheCourt.Doyouhavea--\nifyoudon'thaveaposition ,thenyouarenotraising an\nobjection tothesewaterrights.AndtheCourt,atthat\ntime,cannarrowthefocusoftheseproceedings ontothose\nindividuals orentities thatobjecttoorchallenge the\nclaimsitself,andontheissuesthattheyhavewiththe\nclaimsthemselves .It'sanarrowing process,YourHonor,\nthat--\nTHECOURT:Allright.Youknow,Idon't\nthinkweneedtoaddress theissueofAnswers atthispoint\nintime.\nMR.GUARINO:Okay.\nTHECOURT:MaybeIgotusalittleaheadof\nourselves here.Butit's,certainly ,anissueI'mgoingtoCase 3:73-cv-00128-RCJ-WGC Document 669 Filed 03/07/13 Page 63 of 116 1\n2\n3\n4\n5\n6\n7\n8\n9\n10\n11\n12\n13\n14\n15\n16\n17\n18\n19\n20\n21\n22\n23\n24\n25\nKATHRYN M.FRENCH,RPR,CCR\n(775)786-558464\nhavebriefed downtheroadbecause myassumption --andletme\naskMr.Swainston .\nThoseyouknowinSmithValley,howmanyofthose\naresidingwiththegovernment onthiscase,andhowmany\naresidingwithWalkerRiverIrrigation District ?\nMR.SWAINSTON :Well,Iwouldexpect,Your\nHonor,thatcloseto100percent wouldbesidingwiththe\nIrrigation District .\nTHECOURT:Thatwouldbemyimpression ,too.\nMR.SWAINSTON :But,that'sjustmyimpression .\nTHECOURT:Well,again,wedon'tneedtoget\nintothatrightnow,butmythought process ismaybedownthe\nroad,weembrace aposition thatthosewhohavenotfileda\nresponse waiving thosewaterrightsorwhatever ,aredeemed\ntohaveopposed thereliefsoughtbytheTribeandthe\ngovernment .But,that'sdowntheroad.\nLetmegetbacktoanother issuehere.Wouldyou\nwantthese12(b)motions toapplytoboththeTribalclaims\naswellasthefederal claims?\nMR.GUARINO:Yes,YourHonor,wewould.And\nthereasonwewouldwantthatisbecause webelieve thatlegal\nchallenges totheTribalclaimswillbeincommonwithother\nchallenges tothefederal government .\nTHECOURT:Iunderstand thatposition .But\nthenafterthose12(b)challenges aredecided fortheTribalCase 3:73-cv-00128-RCJ-WGC Document 669 Filed 03/07/13 Page 64 of 116 1\n2\n3\n4\n5\n6\n7\n8\n9\n10\n11\n12\n13\n14\n15\n16\n17\n18\n19\n20\n21\n22\n23\n24\n25\nKATHRYN M.FRENCH,RPR,CCR\n(775)786-558465\nandfederal claims,youonlyareseeking tohaveanswers filed\nintheTribalcaseandnotthefederal case?\nMR.GUARINO:Yes,YourHonor.\nTHECOURT:Whyisthat?\nMR.GUARINO:AsJudgeReedoutlined ,10years\nagoorso,hefounditappropriate tobifurcate theissuesso\nthatwecould,sothatwecouldaddress theclaimsseriatim .\nSothat,onebyone,wecouldaddress thenatural grouping ,I\nthink,oftheclaims.Andsothefirstone--thefirstones\nbeforetheCourtweretheTribalclaimsforWalkerRiver\nPaiuteReservation ,andsothatwouldbePhaseI.Andthen\nwewouldmoveontotheotherIndiantribesthatwehavemade\nclaimsfor,andanyotherfederal agencies havemadeclaims\nfor.\nTHECOURT:Supposing 12(b)motions weremade,\nandMr.DePaoli andotherswereabletoconvince JudgeJones\nthatthegovernment andtheTribedon'thaveacasehere,you\nwouldn'tevengettotheissueofAnswers then,wouldyou?\nMR.GUARINO:Under--iftheTribalclaims\naredismissed underRule12,thenthecase,Ithink,wouldbe\nconcluded .\nTHECOURT:Andwoulditnecessarily followthat\niftheTribalclaimsaredismissed underRule12,thefederal\nclaimswouldbedismissed ?\nMR.GUARINO:Depending onthechallengesCase 3:73-cv-00128-RCJ-WGC Document 669 Filed 03/07/13 Page 65 of 116 1\n2\n3\n4\n5\n6\n7\n8\n9\n10\n11\n12\n13\n14\n15\n16\n17\n18\n19\n20\n21\n22\n23\n24\n25\nKATHRYN M.FRENCH,RPR,CCR\n(775)786-558466\nraised.If,ifthesamechallenges raisedtothefederal\nclaims,thatwereraisedattheTribalclaims,andthe\njudge--andtheCourtruledontheTribalclaimsandthe\nfederal claimsatthesametime,theparty--Ithinkit's\nincumbent uponanymotiontodismiss toidentify thescope\noftheirchallenge .Ifit'sonlytotheTribalclaims,there\nmightbe--because Indianreserved waterrightsisalittle\nbitdifferent ,butverysimilar tootherfederal reserved\nwaterrights.There'sadistinction .Thepurpose forwhich\nareserved rightismadeforIndiantribesismuchdifferent\nthanforanagency,afederal agency,undernormal\ncircumstances .So--\nTHECOURT:Letmeinterrupt again,ifyou\ndon'tmind.Thethought process isthatifwedidembrace\nyourproposed amendment aboutjusthavingPhaseIinclude\nmotions,12(b)motions fortheTribalcase,and12(b)motions\nforthefederal claims--\nMR.GUARINO:Uh-huh.\nTHECOURT:--andlet'sseewhatwashesoutof\nthose;andthen,atthatpointintime,decidewheretogoin\ntheAnswers.\nMR.GUARINO:Yes.\nTHECOURT:Okay.\nNow,withthat,isitanappropriate timetohear\nfromthedefendants ?Case 3:73-cv-00128-RCJ-WGC Document 669 Filed 03/07/13 Page 66 of 116 1\n2\n3\n4\n5\n6\n7\n8\n9\n10\n11\n12\n13\n14\n15\n16\n17\n18\n19\n20\n21\n22\n23\n24\n25\nKATHRYN M.FRENCH,RPR,CCR\n(775)786-558467\nMR.GUARINO:Ithinkso.IthinktheCourt--\nsolongastheCourtunderstandstheposition oftheUnited\nStates,andIthinkitdoes.Youknow,wethinkthatthe\nFederal Ruleprovides averyclearroadmapforhowthis\ncourtshouldproceed.Andbyfollowing them,wewillallknow\nwhattoexpect.AndIthinkwewillbeabletomeetwhat,I\nthink,we'vebeenhearing fromtheCourtoverthelastseveral\nmonths;whichis,thiscaseneedstomoveforward.Andwhat\nwedon'twanttodoiswedon'twanttoendupinaseriesof\nloopsthatbringsusrightbacktowherewe'regoingtobe.\nAndwealsoneedtorecallthattheUnitedStateshas--needs\ntobegiventheopportunity toprevent anddefenditsclaims\naswell,totheextentthatithastherighttodothat.\nBysimplycrafting legalthreshold issues,what\nwe'redoingisweareputting averylargeexclusive burden\nupontheTribesandtheUnitedStates,inthatitwillbethe\nUnitedStatesandtheTribesthatwillhavetogothrough\ndiscovery ,ofanunlimited nature,several times,before\nwecanevengettothepointwherewecanpresent uponour\nclaims.TheCourtwouldbehearing challenges tothevery\nclaimsbeforetheCourtevenheardtheclaimsthemselves .\nThat'snotthewaytoproceed underthesecircumstances .\nIt'snotanappropriate waytohandle--wedon'tbelieve\nit'sanappropriate waytohandleit.\nTHECOURT:Andyourargument istheCourtoughtCase 3:73-cv-00128-RCJ-WGC Document 669 Filed 03/07/13 Page 67 of 116 1\n2\n3\n4\n5\n6\n7\n8\n9\n10\n11\n12\n13\n14\n15\n16\n17\n18\n19\n20\n21\n22\n23\n24\n25\nKATHRYN M.FRENCH,RPR,CCR\n(775)786-558468\ntofollowFederal RulesofCivilProcedure andgowith\nbriefing under12(b).ButwhataboutRule56,Iforgetif\nit's(a)or(b)thatallowsmotions forsummary judgment to\nbefiledanytime aftertheAnswer,oratanytime theCourt\npermits.\nMR.GUARINO:Icompletely understand that,\nYourHonor.However --\nTHECOURT:Youwanttotakeawaythatability\ntofilemotions forsummary judgment ,too?\nMR.GUARINO:Notatall.Notatall.\nTHECOURT:Soyourconcept then,forthisPhase\nI;12(b)aswellas56motions?\nMR.GUARINO:No,YourHonor.12(b)motions,\nandthenRule56whentheyarenormally heard,whichisafter\nthecloseofdiscovery ,afterallparties havebeengivenan\nopportunity to--\nTHECOURT:That'snothowtherulereads,is\nit?Doesn'titsay--\nMR.GUARINO:Judge,I'mnot--YourHonor--\nTHECOURT:56:\"Unlessadifferent timeisset\nbylocalrule,ortheCourtordersotherwise ,apartymayfile\namotionforsummary judgment atanytime until30daysafter\nthecloseofdiscovery .\nMR.GUARINO:I'mnotdisputing withtheCourt\nthelanguage oftheRule.Case 3:73-cv-00128-RCJ-WGC Document 669 Filed 03/07/13 Page 68 of 116 1\n2\n3\n4\n5\n6\n7\n8\n9\n10\n11\n12\n13\n14\n15\n16\n17\n18\n19\n20\n21\n22\n23\n24\n25\nKATHRYN M.FRENCH,RPR,CCR\n(775)786-558469\nTHECOURT:Well,I'mjustwondering ifI\namendthisCMOinthewaythatyouwanttodoso,because\ntherationale beingwehavetofollowtheFederal Rules,well,\nwhydon'twefollowtheFederal Rules,too,on56?\nMR.GUARINO:Because under,undermany\ncircumstances ,YourHonor,acourtwilldesignate atimeby\nwhichRule56motions shouldbefiled,andsothatbecomes\nthedatethat--thatbecomes thetimeatwhichRule56\nmotions arefiled.Andsothattimeisusually after\ndiscovery hasclosed,sothatifyouwanttofile--ifa\npartywantstofileaRule56motion,theycandosoafter\nalldiscovery isdone,sotheyhavethematerials theyneed\ntofilesuchamotion.That'sallI'msaying.I'mnot\nsayingtheparties shouldbedeniedtherighttofilea\nmotion,aRule56motion.Butinmanaging thiscasemoving\nforward,obviously ,we'regoingtohavemorethanoneparty\ninvolved inthiscase.Obviously ,you'regoingtohearfrom\nanumberofdifferent voices.Inothercircumstances ,it\nappears tobealogical waytoproceed bytheCourt,with\ntheCourtsetting atimeatalaterpointintheproceeding ,\nafterdiscovery closes,forpeopletofiletheirRule56\nmotions.Otherwise ,theCourtandalltheparties haveto\nstopeverytimeamotionisfiledbyoneoftheparties.And\nsotoproceed inanorderly andefficient way,theCourt,I\nbelieve,atsomepointinthefuture,wouldidentify thattimeCase 3:73-cv-00128-RCJ-WGC Document 669 Filed 03/07/13 Page 69 of 116 1\n2\n3\n4\n5\n6\n7\n8\n9\n10\n11\n12\n13\n14\n15\n16\n17\n18\n19\n20\n21\n22\n23\n24\n25\nKATHRYN M.FRENCH,RPR,CCR\n(775)786-558470\ninwhichaRule56motionwouldbefiled.\nI'mnotsayingtheCourtcan'tpickatime,a\ndifferent time,orapartycan'totherwise fileamotionfor\nsummary judgment ,iftheCourthasn'taddressed themotion\ninadvance.ButiftheCourtsaysRule56motions willbe\nfiled60daysafterthecloseofdiscovery ,30daysafterthe\ncloseofdiscovery ,whenever thatmightbe,that'sthetime\nforthattooccur.Notinthemiddleofdiscovery ,or\nsometime priortodiscovery ,because whatthatwilldo,\ntouseverysimplelanguage ,itwillwrecktheschedule .\nTHECOURT:Well,Idon'tthink--well,the\nschedule we'vehadhasbeenwrecked.Imean,howlonghas\nitbeensincethiscasehasbeenpending now;22years?\nMR.GUARINO:Exactly,YourHonor.\nTHECOURT:Well,Iwouldliketoseesomeway\ntoaccelerate it,butIhavethisprocedural problem onthe\nmotionforsummary judgment inPhaseI,ifyou'regoingto\nsay,allright,defendants ,goaheadwithyourmotions to\ndismiss.Butlet'ssayMr.DePaoli comesupwithsomemotion\ntodismiss whereheattaches exhibits --\nMR.GUARINO:Uh-huh.\nTHECOURT:--beingDecrees bythegovernment ,\norallocation ofgovernment totriballandsorsomething like\nthat--\nMR.GUARINO:Sure.Case 3:73-cv-00128-RCJ-WGC Document 669 Filed 03/07/13 Page 70 of 116 1\n2\n3\n4\n5\n6\n7\n8\n9\n10\n11\n12\n13\n14\n15\n16\n17\n18\n19\n20\n21\n22\n23\n24\n25\nKATHRYN M.FRENCH,RPR,CCR\n(775)786-558471\nTHECOURT:--nowhe'sattaching documents\noutside thepleadings which,underRule12(d)--\nMR.GUARINO:Uh-huh.\nTHECOURT:--converts itintoamotionfor\nsummary judgment .So,shouldIpreclude thedefendants from\nbeingabletodothat;ordowejustpreclude thedefendants\nfromundertaking discovery tofileatraditional Rule56\nmotionanddothatinPhaseII?\nMR.GUARINO:Letmebeclear,YourHonor.\nNo,Idon'tnecessarily thinktheCourtshouldpreclude\nMr.DePaoli,oranybody else,fromfilingaRule56motion\nthatdoesn'trequire discovery .\nIfwhatMr.DePaoli doesishefilesamotionand\nthenattaches pleadings andsaysthisprovesmypoint,we\nwin.Nowwhatwe,whattheUnitedStateswoulddoatthat\npointisdetermine whether ornothehasraisedanissue,\norraisedmaterial thatcanonlybeaddressed inresponse\nwithdiscovery .ThentheCourt,undertherule,candefer\nresolution ofthatRule56motionuntillater.\nButiftheUnitedStates,atthatpoint,takesthe\nposition of,sure,thatmotionneedstobeconverted toa\nRule56motionbasedonwhat'sbeenattached tothemotion,\nbutwecanstill,nonetheless ,address that,andit'sready\nfortheCourt'sdecision ,thentheCourtcanmoveforward on\nRule56.Ithinkthat'saverygoodpointthattheCourthasCase 3:73-cv-00128-RCJ-WGC Document 669 Filed 03/07/13 Page 71 of 116 1\n2\n3\n4\n5\n6\n7\n8\n9\n10\n11\n12\n13\n14\n15\n16\n17\n18\n19\n20\n21\n22\n23\n24\n25\nKATHRYN M.FRENCH,RPR,CCR\n(775)786-558472\nraised.AndIwanttheCourttobeclearthatmyposition ,\nandtheUnitedStates'position ,isthattheissueiswhat\nwedon'twanttodoisengageinaseriesofthreshold issues\nthataregoingto,eachone,require itsowndevelopment of\ndiscovery ,themotions,dispositive motions practice ,and\nthen,ultimately ,anevidentiary trial,apparently .So--\nTHECOURT:Okay.Let'shearfromMr.DePaoli\norwhoever elsewantstoaddress it.\nThankyouverymuch,Mr.Guarino.You'veraised\nsomeinteresting issuesformetoconsider .\nMr.DePaoli,telluswhyweshouldmaintain the\nstatusquoandstickwiththisdiscussion ofthethreshold\nissue.\nMR.DEPAOLI:Thankyou,YourHonor.\nIguessIwouldbeginwiththiswholediscussion\nwhichhasbeenimplied bytheUnitedStates,butnot\nsupported ,thatsomehow theCaseManagement Orderitself\nviolates theFederal RulesofCivilProcedure .Weaddress\nthatinouropposition ,andnoonehascomeforward and\nindicated thatthereissomething intheCaseManagement\nOrderthatviolates theFederal RulesofCivilProcedure .\nAtthispoint,theCaseManagement OrderhasbecomeaRIDS\napproach tocasemanagement .ItisnotaRIDSapproach\ntocasemanagement .It'swhatJudgeReedentered nearly\n13yearsago,toalargeextent,baseduponpositions thatCase 3:73-cv-00128-RCJ-WGC Document 669 Filed 03/07/13 Page 72 of 116 1\n2\n3\n4\n5\n6\n7\n8\n9\n10\n11\n12\n13\n14\n15\n16\n17\n18\n19\n20\n21\n22\n23\n24\n25\nKATHRYN M.FRENCH,RPR,CCR\n(775)786-558473\ntheUnitedStatesandtheTribetookthen,whichthey\nrepudiate now.\nContrary towhathasbeensaidthismorning andwhat\nhasbeensaidinthereply,we'renotcontending ,YourHonor,\nthattheCaseManagement Ordermandates litigation ofall\nthreshold issuesthatanyonewantstocomeupwith.We're\nnotcontending thatitmandates ahostofseparate trials,\norordersseparate litigation onahostofundetermined\nthreshold issues.\nWhatwedocontend isthatJudgeReed,andtheCase\nManagement Order,required thatthemagistrate judgeconsider\nwhether therewereissuesinthesecasesastotheTribal\nclaims,threshold issuewhichshouldbeaddressed atthe\noutsetofthelitigation .Wedonot--\nTHECOURT:Well,howdoesthatdiffer,\npractically ,fromamotiontodismiss?\nMR.DEPAOLI:Well,Ithinkthat's--\nTHECOURT:Otherwise ,aren'twejustdelving\nintoadvisory opinions ?\nMR.DEPAOLI:No,we'renot.Ithinkthatthe\nCaseManagement Orderprettyclearly,ifallthatwasintended\nwiththeCaseManagement OrderwereRule12(b)motions,there\nwouldhavebeennoneedforaCaseManagement Order.There\nwouldhavebeennoneedforprovisions thatsayoncethe\nthreshold issuesareidentified ,wewillproceed todiscovery ;Case 3:73-cv-00128-RCJ-WGC Document 669 Filed 03/07/13 Page 73 of 116 1\n2\n3\n4\n5\n6\n7\n8\n9\n10\n11\n12\n13\n14\n15\n16\n17\n18\n19\n20\n21\n22\n23\n24\n25\nKATHRYN M.FRENCH,RPR,CCR\n(775)786-558474\nand,afterdiscovery ,wewillproceed eithertodispositive\nmotions orevidentiary hearing;or,ifnecessary ,both.\nJudgeReed--andIthinkwetriedtobringthat\noutinouropposition ,andI'mgoingtoexplain itfurther\ntoday--clearly contemplated thattheremaybesomeissues\nouttherethataregoingtohavetobelitigated ,nomatter\nwhatwedo,eithernoworlater,orinthemiddle,orat\ntheend,thatcouldresultinavoiding alotofunnecessary\nlitigation .Anthat'swhattheCaseManagement Orderwas\nintended tohavethemagistrate judgeconsider ;arethere\nissuesintheseproceedings thatcouldpossibly defer\nunnecessary proceedings intheinterest ofjudicial economy\nandconvenience totheparties?Totheextentthatthe\nmagistrate judgedoesdesignate oneormoresuchthreshold\nissues,theCaseManagement Orderdirects procedures tobe\nfollowed inconnection withtheirdisposition .Itallows\ndiscovery onlyonwhatever thedesignated issuesareand,\ncertainly ,thatwouldbepursuant toanappropriate discovery\nplanthatrecognizes howmanyparties wehavehere.TheCase\nManagement Orderprovides fortheirdisposition through a\ndispositive motion,ordispositive motions,oranevidentiary\nhearing.\nTHECOURT:Well,let'ssayweaddress oneof\nthethreshold issuesthatJudgeReedidentified atpage9of\ntheCMO,whether thiscourthasjurisdiction toadjudicateCase 3:73-cv-00128-RCJ-WGC Document 669 Filed 03/07/13 Page 74 of 116 1\n2\n3\n4\n5\n6\n7\n8\n9\n10\n11\n12\n13\n14\n15\n16\n17\n18\n19\n20\n21\n22\n23\n24\n25\nKATHRYN M.FRENCH,RPR,CCR\n(775)786-558475\nsaidTribalclaims.So,let'sidentify thatasathreshold\nissue.Theparties briefit.AndtheCourtsaysyes.\nDoesthatpreclude asubsequent motiontodismiss\nforlackofsubject matterjurisdiction ;oriftheCourtsays,\nno,thereisnojurisdiction ,doesthatmeanthattheCourt\nhas,essentially ,ruledonamotion?\nImean,aren'twetalking aboutarosebyanyother\nnamehere?\nMR.DEPAOLI:Ithinkinthatcase,YourHonor,\nandIthinkthat,really,isthefirstmatterthatneedsto\nbeconsidered ;andthatis,thesubject matterjurisdiction\nissues.Butit'snotit,inthatcase,thatwouldbea\nmotionbaseduponthefactthatthereisnosubject matter\njurisdiction .Andthatisexactly --\nTHECOURT:Well,what--\nMR.DEPAOLI:--whatJudgeReedhadinmind\nwiththeCaseManagement Order.\nTHECOURT:Youpresent anargument inyour\nopposition totheWalkerRivermotionthat,look,thisDecree\nhasbeendecided andruledupon.Peoplehadanopportunity ,\nalongtimeago.Itshouldnotberevisited atthistime\nbecause it'snotintervening .Itwantstocanceltheprior\nDecree.\nIsn'tthatthetypeofargument youmightmake\nherewithrespect totheTribalclaims,andwouldn'tthatCase 3:73-cv-00128-RCJ-WGC Document 669 Filed 03/07/13 Page 75 of 116 1\n2\n3\n4\n5\n6\n7\n8\n9\n10\n11\n12\n13\n14\n15\n16\n17\n18\n19\n20\n21\n22\n23\n24\n25\nKATHRYN M.FRENCH,RPR,CCR\n(775)786-558476\nbedispositive ofthecaseifJudgeJonesweretoagreewith\nyou.\nMR.DEPAOLI:Intermsofsubject matter\njurisdiction ortheresjudicata ?\nTHECOURT:Well,probably moreclaim\npreclusion ,issuepreclusion typeofapproach ,but--\nMR.DEPAOLI:Well,I--\nTHECOURT:--butJudgeReedreferred toitas\nwhether thiscourthasjurisdiction toadjudicate saidTribal\nclaims.I'mnotsureinwhatcontext hecontemplated that.\nMR.DEPAOLI:Ithinkhecontemplated that\nfromthestandpoint ofsubject matterjurisdiction ,Your\nHonor,notclaimpreclusion orissuepreclusion .Andthere's\nprobably atleasttwopartstothat;oneistheextentto\nwhichtheDecreecourthastheability todealwithclaims\nrelated togroundwater atalland,second,whether the\nDecreecourt,whichisanadministration phase,shouldbe\nadjudicating newclaimstowaterrightsatall.Ithink\nthat'sentirely subject matterjurisdiction .\nTHECOURT:Thenwhyisn'titappropriate not\ntogoaheadandassertthatnowinamotion,andaddress this\nissue,whichisattheheartofthecase.Imean,thatmay\nmakeeverything elsewe'vedoneheremoot.\nMR.DEPAOLI:Ithisitisappropriate ,Your\nHonor.Imean,Ithink--whengettotheendofwhatIhadCase 3:73-cv-00128-RCJ-WGC Document 669 Filed 03/07/13 Page 76 of 116 1\n2\n3\n4\n5\n6\n7\n8\n9\n10\n11\n12\n13\n14\n15\n16\n17\n18\n19\n20\n21\n22\n23\n24\n25\nKATHRYN M.FRENCH,RPR,CCR\n(775)786-558477\ntosaytoday,that'sexactly whatIwasgoingtosay,isthat\nthefirstorderofbusiness istodealwithsubject matter\njurisdiction .Andthen,depending upontheoutcome ofthat\nsubject matterjurisdiction ,proceed todetermine whether\nthereareanyother,whatIwouldrefertoasthreshold issues\nthatoughttobedesignated asthreshold issuesconsistent\nwiththeexisting CaseManagement Order.Andifthereare,\nproceed todealwiththeminthewaytheexisting Case\nManagement Orderprovides thattheyshouldbedealtwith.\nTHECOURT:Areallthreshold issuesnecessarily\nRule12motions?\nMR.DEPAOLI:No.Ithinkthatthemajor\nthreshold issue,oranimportant threshold issueisnotone\nthatcanbedecided simplyonthefaceofthepleadings .\nIt'sgoingtorequire material outside thepleadings todeal\nwithresjudicata andissuepreclusion .\nTHECOURT:Butwhycan'tyougoahead,under\nRule12(b),andsubmitthosedocuments thatare,atwhich\ntheCourtcouldtakejudicial notice,andthatmayhavea\nneteffectofconverting ittoaRule56motion,butit's\nonethat'sdonewithout discovery atthistime?\nMR.DEPAOLI:Because I'mnotsureIhaveall\nthedocuments thatIneedinordertomakethatthewayI\nwouldliketomakeit.Onecoulddoitjust,justbasedupon\nacertain amountofinformation ,butIamfairlycertain thatCase 3:73-cv-00128-RCJ-WGC Document 669 Filed 03/07/13 Page 77 of 116 1\n2\n3\n4\n5\n6\n7\n8\n9\n10\n11\n12\n13\n14\n15\n16\n17\n18\n19\n20\n21\n22\n23\n24\n25\nKATHRYN M.FRENCH,RPR,CCR\n(775)786-558478\ntherearegoingtobesomeotherinformation thattheUnited\nStatesisgoingtoputforward thatsay,well,that'snotthe\nwholestory.Andthat's,youknow,that'swhythefirststep\nwasforthemagistrate judgetodetermine arethereissues\nthatareappropriately threshold issues,asJudgeReedhadin\nmind,likeclaimpreclusion ;and,ifso,todoexactly asthe\nCaseManagement Ordersays,havediscovery onthatissue.\nAnditwouldn'tbeone-sideddiscovery .It'sdiscovery that\ntheTribeandtheUnitedStatescanseekdiscovery justas\neasyastherestofus.Havethatdiscovery ,andhaveit\ndisposed ofeitherthrough adispositive motion;orifit\ncan'tbehandled through adispositive motion,through an\nevidentiary hearing withthedistrict judge.\nTHECOURT:Wouldyouagreethen,according\ntoyourapproach ,thethreshold issueswouldfallintoone\noftwocategories ;theywouldeitherbeconsidered amotion\ntodismiss underRule12,oramotionforsummary judgment\nunderRule56?Andiftheydon'tfallunderoneofthose\ntwocategories ,whattheheckarewedoingdiscussing the\nthreshold issue?\nMR.DEPAOLI:Well,I'mnot--Imean,I'm\nnotsurethat--justtake,justtakeclaimpreclusion foran\nexample.I'mnotsurethat,ultimately ,thebestwaytodeal\nwiththatisathrough aRule56motionbecause thereisgoing\ntobe,arguably ,twosidestothatstory,andsomeone isgoingCase 3:73-cv-00128-RCJ-WGC Document 669 Filed 03/07/13 Page 78 of 116 1\n2\n3\n4\n5\n6\n7\n8\n9\n10\n11\n12\n13\n14\n15\n16\n17\n18\n19\n20\n21\n22\n23\n24\n25\nKATHRYN M.FRENCH,RPR,CCR\n(775)786-558479\ntosaytherearematerial factsindispute.Andthat's--\nJudgeReedanticipated thatandbasically said,or,theycan\nberesolved byevidentiary hearing infrontofthedistrict\njudge.Andthat,weputthatinouropposition .Thatwas\nbased,inmyestimation ,onthejudge'sexperience withthe\nUnitedStatesversusTruckee/CarsonIrrigation District ,and\ntheseparate trialthatwashadontheresjudicata issueon\ntheclaimsforadditional waterforthePyramid LakeIndian\nReservation .\nTHECOURT:Okay.Continue .Thankyou.\nMR.DEPAOLI:I'mgoingto--oneofthethings\nthattheUnitedStateshasdone,bothinitsreplyanda\nlittlebitthismorning,istocompare itsapproach tothis,\ntotheprovisions oftheexisting CaseManagement Order.\nAndIthinkthat'sausefulthingtodo,ifit'sdone\nfairly.We'vebeentalking aboutmotions todismiss under\nRule12.AsIsaid,weallseemtoagreethatsubject matter\njurisdiction isanissuethatneedstobeaddressed ,andthe\nCaseManagement Orderwillallowthattobeaddressed .If\nthemagistrate judgedetermines thatIalsowantaddressed\nthelegalissueofwhether thereisafederal reserve right\nforunderground water,thatcouldbeaddressed aswell.But\nthe--\nTHECOURT:Well,wouldn'tthatbeamotionto\ndismiss forfailing tostateaclaimandmakingtheargumentCase 3:73-cv-00128-RCJ-WGC Document 669 Filed 03/07/13 Page 79 of 116 1\n2\n3\n4\n5\n6\n7\n8\n9\n10\n11\n12\n13\n14\n15\n16\n17\n18\n19\n20\n21\n22\n23\n24\n25\nKATHRYN M.FRENCH,RPR,CCR\n(775)786-558480\nthatthereisnosuchfederally reserved right?\nMR.DEPAOLI:That'skindofwhatthatwould\nbe.Imeanotherthanthat,YourHonor,YourHonorisvery\nfamiliar withthetestforwhether someone hasfailedto\nstateaclaimuponwhichreliefcanbegranted.Andother\nthanthatkindofanargument ,thatthereissimply,asa\nmatteroflaw,noright,nofederal righttounderground\nwater,federal reserve righttounderground water.Ihave\nahardtimeseeingthatanyonewillhavemuchsuccess witha\nRule12(b)(6)motionastotheTribalandfederal claimsfor,\nforallpractical purposes withthatexception ,which--and\nthere'scaselawoutthereonthisissue,ofwhether there's\nreserve rightstogroundwater ornot,goingeachway.Other\nthanthat,12(b)(6)motions herearejustgoingtobea\nwasteoftheCourt'stime,andeveryone else'stime,andnot\nmaterially advance thelitigation .\nIntermsof--andthesecondstepthattheUnited\nStateshassuggested isafteryoudealwith12(b)motions,\nweneedAnswers,affirmative defenses ,counter-claimsand\ncross-claims.AstoAnswers andaffirmative defenses ,it's\nnotourposition thatAnswers arenevertoberequired here,\nbuttheCaseManagement OrderleftthetimingofAnswers to\nthediscretion ofthemagistrate judge.\nThereasons theUnitedStatessaytheyneedAnswers,\nitneedsAnswers now,reallydon'thold--pardonthepun--Case 3:73-cv-00128-RCJ-WGC Document 669 Filed 03/07/13 Page 80 of 116 1\n2\n3\n4\n5\n6\n7\n8\n9\n10\n11\n12\n13\n14\n15\n16\n17\n18\n19\n20\n21\n22\n23\n24\n25\nKATHRYN M.FRENCH,RPR,CCR\n(775)786-558481\nanywater,inmyjudgment .\nTheysaytheyneedtoknowwhypeople,orwhatbasis\nthecoreparties objecttotheirclaims.Ithinktheyhavea\nprettygoodunderstanding astowhyparties wouldobjectto\ntheirclaims.\nSecond,they'regoingtogetaveryclear\nunderstanding astothethreshold issuesastowhatthe\nobjections are.\nAnd,third,depending ontheoutcome ofthreshold\nissues,atanappropriate time,therewillbeAnswers,and\nwhatever mystery thereiswillbeuncovered astowhatpeople\nobjectfor.\nTHECOURT:Again,getting alittleaheadof\nmyself,IwasaskingMr.Guarino thequestion abouthow\nshouldtheCourtconsider thefailure ofapartynottofile\nanAnswer--which,probably ,we'llget10,15,20answers in\nthiscase,andtheotherfour-or5,000won'tdoanything .\nWhat'sthepractical effectastothosepeoplewhojustdon't\nwanttohireanattorney ordon'tknowwhattodointhis\ncase?\nMR.DEPAOLI:Well,andIthinkthat's--\nthere'stwopartstothat,YourHonor.Imean,Ithink\ntheargument that,let's,rightnow,forcepeopletoeither\nhireanattorney andfileanAnswerorwe'llforgetaboutthem\nis,basically ,exactly whatJudgeReedwantedtotrytoavoid,Case 3:73-cv-00128-RCJ-WGC Document 669 Filed 03/07/13 Page 81 of 116 1\n2\n3\n4\n5\n6\n7\n8\n9\n10\n11\n12\n13\n14\n15\n16\n17\n18\n19\n20\n21\n22\n23\n24\n25\nKATHRYN M.FRENCH,RPR,CCR\n(775)786-558482\nifpossible ,withthreshold issues.Heknewthathewas\nordering thejoinder ofalotofpeoplehere,manyofwhom\nwouldhavenothing morethanadomestic well.Andhedid\nnotwanttoputtheminaposition ofhavingtomakethat\nchoiceunlesstheyreallyhadto.Andthat'swhytheCase\nManagement Orderwasstructured thatway.\nAndthatgetsmetothisissueofcross-claimsand\ncounter-claims,orcounter-claimsandcross-claims.The\nargument thatcounter-claimsarenotrequired here,asbeing\nastrawman,Ithink,iswrong.AndIwantto--letmetell\nyouwhattheUnitedStatesandtheTribesaidtoJudgeReed\nwhentheyfiledtheircounter-claimsthatwe'retalking about\nnowin1992.Whattheywereconcerned aboutwhentheyfiled\nthoseisthatiftheydidn'tfilethematthattime,they\nwouldfaceaserious challenge laterbytheIrrigation\nDistrict andothers,thattheywererequired tofiletheir\ncounter-claimsasaresultofwhattheDistrict hadfiled\nrelated tosomeordersthattheCalifornia StateWater\nResources Control Boardhadentered.Andtheypointed out\nthatcompulsory counter-claimsbecomeunenforceable if\nthey'renotasserted ascompulsory counter-claims.\nAndconsider whattheysaidin1998,intheirjoint\nmotiontoJudgeReedtojoinandservegroundwater users.In\nthatparticular filing,theyspecifically said--thiswasin\ntheirjointmotion--theyspecifically said:\"Thus,astheCase 3:73-cv-00128-RCJ-WGC Document 669 Filed 03/07/13 Page 82 of 116 1\n2\n3\n4\n5\n6\n7\n8\n9\n10\n11\n12\n13\n14\n15\n16\n17\n18\n19\n20\n21\n22\n23\n24\n25\nKATHRYN M.FRENCH,RPR,CCR\n(775)786-558483\npurpose oftheseproceedings istodetermine therelative\nrightsofthoseclaimants whoareclaiming waterfromthesame\nsource,meaning surface orgroundwater ,itisnecessary to\njoinboth.\"\nNow,anyone--anyattorney whoisconsulted by\nsomeone whoisordered tofileanAnswerintheseproceedings ,\nisgoingtohavetheverysameconcern thattheUnitedStates\nandtheTribehadin1992.Foranybody who'sgotaground\nwaterright,foranybody who'sgotarightthatwasn'tpart\noftheadjudication oftheWalkerRiverDecree,they'regoing\ntobeconcerned that,nottodaywithMr.Guarino,butsome\n10yearsfromnow,someattorney fromtheUnitedStatesor\nsomeattorney fromtheTribeisgoingtosaytheydon't\nhavethatgroundwater right.Theyshouldhaveasserted\nthatasacompulsory counter-claiminconnection with\ntheseproceedings .\nTHECOURT:Or,alternatively ,theycouldargue\nthatbynotfilinganAnswer,theywaivedanyclaimtoit.\nMR.DEPAOLI:Potentially .Definitely ,because\ntheywouldn'thaveevendone--filedanAnswer,muchless\nacounter-claim.AndtheNinthCircuit lawoncompulsory\ncounter-claimsisaretheclaimslogically connected that\nconsiderations ofjudicial economy andfairness dictate that\nalloftheissuesberesolved inonelawsuit.Andthepurpose\nofthatistoavoidamultiplicity oflawsuits .Case 3:73-cv-00128-RCJ-WGC Document 669 Filed 03/07/13 Page 83 of 116 1\n2\n3\n4\n5\n6\n7\n8\n9\n10\n11\n12\n13\n14\n15\n16\n17\n18\n19\n20\n21\n22\n23\n24\n25\nKATHRYN M.FRENCH,RPR,CCR\n(775)786-558484\nNow,cananyonereallycontend thatinaproceeding\nwhere--that'sclaimed toinvolve awaterfromthesame\nsource,thatclaimsofallparties towaterfromthatsource\nshouldnotbelitigated inoneproceeding ,ratherthanina\nmultiplicity ofproceedings ?\nAndthere'salsothepractical issue.The\nUnitedStatesandtheTribewanttheCourttopermanently ,\npreliminarily andpermanently enjointhedefendants and\ncounter-defendants fromasserting anyadverse rightsor\ninterests totherightsthataredeclared ,anyrightsthat\narefoundtoexistfortheTribalclaims.HowcantheCourt\ngranteffective injunctive reliefwithout adjudicating the\nrelative priority andrelationship ofalloftherightsone\ntotheother?Howcan--\nTHECOURT:Well,according toMr.Guarino,if\ntheydon'tanswer,theyhavewaivedthoserights.But,he\nalsosaysthatthey'renotnecessarily waiving them.They're\njustnotasserting anyclaimtothegroundwater rightsthe\nTribeisasserting .\nAndmaybeIneedtobeeducated here.Whatis\nmeantbythis\"federally reserved rightstogroundwater\nunderlying andadjacent toallreservation lands\"?What\ndoesthatinvolve?\nMR.DEPAOLI:Whatthatinvolves isthinkof,\nthinkofagroundwater basinastheWalkerRiver.AndpartofCase 3:73-cv-00128-RCJ-WGC Document 669 Filed 03/07/13 Page 84 of 116 1\n2\n3\n4\n5\n6\n7\n8\n9\n10\n11\n12\n13\n14\n15\n16\n17\n18\n19\n20\n21\n22\n23\n24\n25\nKATHRYN M.FRENCH,RPR,CCR\n(775)786-558485\ntheWalkerRiverisinsidethereser--goes,passesthrough\nthereservation .Partofitisabovethereservation ;partof\nitisbelowthereservation ,ordownstream ofthereservation .\nSowhentheTribeasserts aclaimtowaterfromtheWalker\nRiver,inordertobeabletoknowwhether someone is\ninterfering withthatTribalclaimtowaterfromtheWalker\nRiver,youneedtoknow,well,whatistheirrightupstream\nontheWalkerRiver,orwhatistheirrightdownstream onthe\nWalkerRiver?HowdoesitrelatetothatTribalright?\nThesamethingistruetothegroundwater basin\nthat'sunderandadjacent tothereservation .Someofthat\ngroundwater basin,ifit's--iftheboundaries wentdown,\niswithinthereservation ,butsomeofitisoutside the\nreservation .Andsohowcanyou,someone who'soutside\nthereservation ,inthatgroundwater basin,knowifthey're\ninterfering withtheTribe'srightstothatgroundwater basin\nthat'salsowithinthereservation ,without knowing whatis\ntherelationship between thosetworightsinterse?\nIstheTribes'rightssenior?Howbigisthe\nTribe'sright?What'stheotherright?What'sitspriority ?\nWhat'sitsquantity andsoon?\nAndsothatlanguage about\"underandadjacent ,\"\nreferstothefactthatpartofthiswatersourceisnot\nwithinthereservation .\nTHECOURT:AndarethereanyboundariesCase 3:73-cv-00128-RCJ-WGC Document 669 Filed 03/07/13 Page 85 of 116 1\n2\n3\n4\n5\n6\n7\n8\n9\n10\n11\n12\n13\n14\n15\n16\n17\n18\n19\n20\n21\n22\n23\n24\n25\nKATHRYN M.FRENCH,RPR,CCR\n(775)786-558486\nthathavebeensetinthiscaseyetbywhatismeantby\n\"adjacent \"?Issomebody withawellupinBridgeport\nadjacent totheWalkerRiverPaiuteTribe?\nMR.DEPAOLI:No,Idon'tthinkso,YourHonor.\nIthinkthatfromthestandpoint ofagroundwater basin,\nandlooking strictly andsolelyatgroundwater ,wewouldbe\ntalking aboutthatthegroundwater basin110asdesignated\nbytheNevadaStateEngineer ,whichisintheSchurzarea,\nintheWalkerLakearea,andtheHawthorne area.Thereis\nprobably --thereiszeroconnectivity between agroundwater\nbasininBridgeport andtheonedowninSchurz,withthe\nexception oftheargument thatthe--ofthisconnection\nbetween surface andgroundwater ,sothatthereis\npotentially --andthisrelates moretothesurface claim\ntheTribeismakingthanitmaymaketothegroundwater claim,\nbutwiththeargument thatthesurface andgroundwaterarea\nsinglesourceofsupplyinthebasin,itcouldbearguedthat\nsomeone pumping groundwater inMasonValley,potentially ,is\ndecreasing theamountofsurface wateravailable tosatisfy\ntheTribe'srightthatmayormaynotberecognized asa\nresultoftheseproceedings .\nTHECOURT:IsthatwhyJudgeReedthought all\ngroundwater users,including thosewithdomestic wellsshould\nbeserved?\nMR.DEPAOLI:IthinkJudgeReeddidthat--hadCase 3:73-cv-00128-RCJ-WGC Document 669 Filed 03/07/13 Page 86 of 116 1\n2\n3\n4\n5\n6\n7\n8\n9\n10\n11\n12\n13\n14\n15\n16\n17\n18\n19\n20\n21\n22\n23\n24\n25\nKATHRYN M.FRENCH,RPR,CCR\n(775)786-558487\ntwoconcerns .Ithinkthathewasconcerned aboutwhether or\nnottheTribe'spumping wouldaffectsomeothergroundwater\nusers.AndIthinkthathadtodowithalotofinclusion of\ndomestic users.Thelanguage intheCaseManagement Order\nsuggests that.AndthenIthinkhisexpansion ofthatto\nrequire persons withactualpermits foreitherindustrial\norirrigation useofgroundwater bejoined,wasmorerelated\ntotheissueofsurface andgroundwater ,asinglesourceof\nsupply;and,ifso,arewegoingtoregulate that,insome\nfashion oranother,asasinglesource.\nTHECOURT:Well,thatfirstonethatyou\nidentified ,doesn'tthatspeaktothesuggestion thatsomebody\nshouldfileacounter-claimifit'sconceivable thatthe\nTribe'spumping ofwatermayadversely affecttheir\ngroundwater use?\nMR.DEPAOLI:Ithinkthat'sthe,thatisthe\npotential problem thatIthinkanybody isgoingtofaceif\nthey'reordered tofileanAnsweratthispointintime.Or,\nIthinksomeofthatmayget--maybecomeclearer asaresult\nofthesubject matterjurisdiction issues.Butifnot,I\nthinkanybody whoisinaposition ,orrequired tofilean\nanswer,isgoingtohavearealdilemma.Andiftheyhavea\ngroundwater right,oriftheyhaveasurface waterright\nthat'snot--wasnotadjudicated aspartoftheDecree,to\nfileananswerandnotassertthatcounter-claim,IthinkthatCase 3:73-cv-00128-RCJ-WGC Document 669 Filed 03/07/13 Page 87 of 116 1\n2\n3\n4\n5\n6\n7\n8\n9\n10\n11\n12\n13\n14\n15\n16\n17\n18\n19\n20\n21\n22\n23\n24\n25\nKATHRYN M.FRENCH,RPR,CCR\n(775)786-558488\nIwouldbehard-pressed toadvisesomeone nottoassertsucha\ncounter-claim.\nTHECOURT:Youropposition ,atpage11,\nsaysthat:\"Similarly ,ifthegroundwater claimsforthe\nreservation asitexisted whentheWalkerRiverDecree\nwasentered arebarredonclaimpreclusion grounds,the\nneedforadjudication ofgroundwater rightsandhydrographic\nbasin110mayalsobeobviated .\"\nIsn'tthatanargument infavorofturning tomotion\npractice ?\nMR.DEPAOLI:It'sanargument .And,again,\nit'sanargument infavorofturning tohavingclaim\npreclusion beathreshold issue,allowing theappropriate\ndiscovery onthatissue,andthendealing withtheresolution\nofthat,eitherthrough adispositive motionorthrough a\nseparate evidentiary hearing.\nIthinkthat--Idon'tthinkthatweshouldget\ncaughtupinmotionpractice versussomething else.Ithink\ntheimportant focusisaretheresomeissuesthatcould\npotentially narrow,shorten,makethiscaselessdifficult ,\norlessexpensive forallinvolved .Andiftherearethose\nissuesthatwecanidentify ,let'sidentify them.Ifthere\nneedstobediscovery onthem,let'shavethatdiscovery .And\nthenlet'sdispose ofthem.Andthat,Ithink,ittakesmeto\nwhatIwantto--Case 3:73-cv-00128-RCJ-WGC Document 669 Filed 03/07/13 Page 88 of 116 1\n2\n3\n4\n5\n6\n7\n8\n9\n10\n11\n12\n13\n14\n15\n16\n17\n18\n19\n20\n21\n22\n23\n24\n25\nKATHRYN M.FRENCH,RPR,CCR\n(775)786-558489\nTHECOURT:Justasecond.\nImeanasexpediting ,thisisthebinderofall\ntheidentification ofthethreshold issuesinthiscase.And\nit's--there'savoluminous amountofmaterials inthere.\nAndsomeofthemIwouldjustdeemtobealmost--they'reall\ninteresting issueswe'llprobably havetoaddress atsome\npointintimeinthiscase,butit'snotsomething that's\ngoingtonarrowthefocusofthecaseortheinvolvement ofso\nmanyattorneys andexpenses andeverything .\nYouknow,Ihearthisthingabout--particularly\nfromRID,abouthowthisissupposedly goingtonarrowthe\nissuesandbelessexpensive ,butI'mconcerned thatit's\nturnedouttobetheopposite .\nMR.DEPAOLI:Well,YourHonor,we,inour\nlast,inthelastfiling,we,Iwouldsay,minimized whatwe\nproposed tobethreshold issuesconsiderably .\nTHECOURT:Youdid.Iagree.\nMR.DEPAOLI:Andit'snotour--it'snot\nourcall.It'sYourHonor'scall.AndsoasIsaidatthe\nbeginning ,YourHonorcansayyes,one,twoandthreeought\ntobethreshold issues;orYourHonorcansaynoneofthese\noughttobethreshold issues.Andifthat'swhatYourHonor\ndecides,thenweareatthatnextpoint.But,Idon'tthink\nthatoughttobethedecision .AndwhatI,whatIwantto\ncompare thatpotential ,whichIthinkneedstobelookedatCase 3:73-cv-00128-RCJ-WGC Document 669 Filed 03/07/13 Page 89 of 116 1\n2\n3\n4\n5\n6\n7\n8\n9\n10\n11\n12\n13\n14\n15\n16\n17\n18\n19\n20\n21\n22\n23\n24\n25\nKATHRYN M.FRENCH,RPR,CCR\n(775)786-558490\nafterthesubject matterjurisdiction issuesaredealtwith,\ntothisapproach thatafterRule12motions,wewouldmove\ntosimultaneous trialpreparation onallissues,meritsand\ndefenses alike.Thatisgoingtobeaverylong,arduous,\nandexpensive process forallconcerned ;and,perhaps,toa\ncertain extentunnecessary ,ifthereisathreshold issuethat\ncannarrowthosedown.\nTHECOURT:Well,IguesswhatI'mhavinga\nproblem with,evenJudgeReed'soriginal concept ofthreshold\nissues,let'ssay,Iidentify claimpreclusion asathreshold\nissue,andthenyoubriefthisclaimpreclusion issueasa\nthreshold issue,whatbecomes ofthat?Doesthejudgethen\nsay,well,I'mgoingtodeemthistobeaRule12motionand\nenteranorderdismissing thecasebecause claimpreclusion\napplies here?\nImean,that'stheproblem IhavewithJudgeReed's\nconcept --\nMR.DEPAOLI:Ithink--\nTHECOURT:--withallduerespect to\nJudgeReed,youknow,whoisabrilliant manandlived\nthiscase.AndIwouldcertainly beveryhesitant tochange\nanything heentered inthismatterascasemanagement .\nMR.DEPAOLI:Theconcept isthattotheextent\nthatthatissueisidentified ,therewouldbeaperiodof\ndiscovery onthatissue.Andafterthatpoint,thepartiesCase 3:73-cv-00128-RCJ-WGC Document 669 Filed 03/07/13 Page 90 of 116 1\n2\n3\n4\n5\n6\n7\n8\n9\n10\n11\n12\n13\n14\n15\n16\n17\n18\n19\n20\n21\n22\n23\n24\n25\nKATHRYN M.FRENCH,RPR,CCR\n(775)786-558491\nwouldeither--thedefendants wouldmoveforasummary\njudgment intheirfavorbasedonthatissue;or,iftheyfelt\nthattherewasmaterial issuesthatoughttobetried,it\nwouldbeaseparate trial,astookplaceinUnitedStates\nversusTCID,thatledtoNevadav.UnitedStates.That's\nexactly whathappened there.Anditendedacasethathad\n17,000defendants ,allthewaytotheSupreme Courtofthe\nUnitedStates,intenyears.\nTHECOURT:Andwe'vebeengoingalonghere\n20years.\nMR.DEPAOLI:Right.\nThebigissue,asIseeit,fortrialpreparation\nhere,ifwedoallthissimultaneously ,isgoingtobeonthe\nquantification issues.AndthereareissuestherethatI'm\ncertain aregoingtocomeupintermsofwhether anyofthese\nlandsarearable,whether --whatwouldneedtobedoneto\nirrigate anyoftheselandsislikelytohappen.TheUnited\nStatesandtheTribearegoingtohaveadifferent approach\ntoquantification that'sgoingtoinvolve anumberofthings.\nWe'regoingtodoallthatdiscovery .We'regoingtodo\nallthediscovery onallthedefenses ;theresjudicata ,\nclaimpreclusion defense.We'regoingtodoallofthat.\nWe'regoingtoprobably dealwiththecounter-claimsand,\npotentially ,cross-claims.\nAndthenthereisthepotential that,attheendCase 3:73-cv-00128-RCJ-WGC Document 669 Filed 03/07/13 Page 91 of 116 1\n2\n3\n4\n5\n6\n7\n8\n9\n10\n11\n12\n13\n14\n15\n16\n17\n18\n19\n20\n21\n22\n23\n24\n25\nKATHRYN M.FRENCH,RPR,CCR\n(775)786-558492\nofallofthat,adetermination couldbemadethatclaim\npreclusion doesinfactbarsomeorallofthese,andsoa\nlotofthatmayverywellhavebeenunnecessary .Andthat's\nwhatJudgeReedwastryingtodealwithwiththeCase\nManagement Order.AndwhatIthinkhereisweallagreeon\nstepone,whichissubject matterjurisdiction .Steptwois\naretherethreshold issuesthatshouldbeidentified that\nIthink--ImeanIthinkthetesthastobedotheyhave\nsomerealpotential tonarroworendthislitigation ?\nAndiftheydo,proceed astheCaseManagement Orderprovides .\nTHECOURT:Iftheyhavethepotential to\nnarroworend,doesn'tthatnecessarily meanit'saRule12\nmotion?\nMR.DEPAOLI:No.Ithinkwhatitprobably\nmeansis,aswassaidintheCaseManagement Order,it'sa\ndispositive motionthatislikelytobeaRule56motion;or\nifitcan'tbehandled asadispositive motionbecause there\narematerial factsindispute,thenit'satrial,aseparate\ntrial.\nButwhatIwanttoemphasize isthatprocess isnot\ngoingtochangethislitigation inthesensethatit'sgoing\ntocauseittobelongerthanitwould.Thoseissuesand\ndefenses aregoingtogetlitigated .They'reeithergoingto\ngetlitigated attheoutset,orthey'regoingtogetlitigated\nasthecasegoesforward.Iftheygetlitigated attheCase 3:73-cv-00128-RCJ-WGC Document 669 Filed 03/07/13 Page 92 of 116 1\n2\n3\n4\n5\n6\n7\n8\n9\n10\n11\n12\n13\n14\n15\n16\n17\n18\n19\n20\n21\n22\n23\n24\n25\nKATHRYN M.FRENCH,RPR,CCR\n(775)786-558493\noutset,they'regoingtobeoverattheoutset,andsonobody\nwillhavetodealwiththemagain.We'renotgoingtobe\nbacktosquareoneifwelitigate itandgetitdecided on\nanappropriate threshold issue.It'ssomething that'sgoing\ntohavetobedealtwithonewayortheother,sooneror\nlater.\nTHECOURT:Well,twoquestions :Yousaid,\nfirst,PhaseIoughttobesubject matterjurisdiction ?\nMR.DEPAOLI:Yes.\nTHECOURT:You'resayingsubject matter\njurisdiction intheformofamotion?\nMR.DEPAOLI:Yes.Ithinkthatwouldbe\nintheformofamotion.AndIdon'tthinkthatrequires\ndiscovery .Imean,theCaseManagement Orderallowsthatto\nhappen.\nTHECOURT:PhaseII,movingtothreshold\nissues,oneofwhichyousayispossibly claimpreclusion .\nLet'ssayyoubrieftheissueofclaimpreclusion and\nJudgeJonesdecides,no,claimpreclusion ,underthe\nbriefing ofthisthreshold issueisnotappropriate .Does\nthatpreclude youfrombringing a12(b)motiononthatissue\nthen?\nMR.DEPAOLI:Yes.AndIdon'tthink--ifwe\nhaveclaimpreclusion asathreshold issue,weneedtodeal\nwithitcompletely ;notasamatteroflaw,butwithgettingCase 3:73-cv-00128-RCJ-WGC Document 669 Filed 03/07/13 Page 93 of 116 1\n2\n3\n4\n5\n6\n7\n8\n9\n10\n11\n12\n13\n14\n15\n16\n17\n18\n19\n20\n21\n22\n23\n24\n25\nKATHRYN M.FRENCH,RPR,CCR\n(775)786-558494\noutallthefactsthatbearonthatdefense,andgetting it\ndecided andadecision on,yes,that'saclaimthatwasor\nshouldhavebeenasserted originally ornot.Andonce\nthat's--onceadecision ismadeonthat,that'sthe\ndecision ,obviously ,subject toappellate review.But\nasfarasthiscourtgoes,thatwouldnotbesomething ,if\nthat'sunsuccessful ,thatwouldnotbesomething thatwould\ncomeupagain.Itwouldbeoverwith.\nTHECOURT:Well,getting backtoJudgeReed's\nCaseManagement Order,itseemstomethatwith,perhaps,\ntheexception ofsubparagraph Eonpage10,allofthese\nthreshold issuesarethingsthatshouldbelitigated\nina12(b)typeofmotion;(a)iswhether thiscourthas\njurisdiction toadjudicate Tribalclaims,(b)iswhatlaw\napplies,whether federal lawgoverns pumping ofgroundwater .\nAndIguessitshouldhavebeenfurther stated,orasthelaw\noftheStatesofCalifornia orNevadaapply.\nMaybethat'snotripeforamotionofanykind.And\nwhy,atthisstage,address it,orwhynot.Maybeitshould\nbeaddressed .\nMR.DEPAOLI:Idon'tthinkthatoneshouldbe\naddressed .Idon'tthinkthatissuegetsyouanywhere .\nTHECOURT:Well,Itendtoagree.\nMR.DEPAOLI:It'snot--thequestion isnot\ndoesfederal lawgovernpumping ofgroundwater ontheCase 3:73-cv-00128-RCJ-WGC Document 669 Filed 03/07/13 Page 94 of 116 1\n2\n3\n4\n5\n6\n7\n8\n9\n10\n11\n12\n13\n14\n15\n16\n17\n18\n19\n20\n21\n22\n23\n24\n25\nKATHRYN M.FRENCH,RPR,CCR\n(775)786-558495\nreservation .Thequestion isisthereafederal reserved\nrightforgroundwater fortheWalkerRiverReservation ;and,\nifso,what'sitsquantification ?\nTHECOURT:Andyourargument is,Itakeit,\nthereisnosuchfederal reserved right.Anditseemedlike\nthatcouldbeasserted inamotiontodismiss.\nMR.DEPAOLI:Thatcould,thatnarrowissue.\nButifthereisafederal reserved right,thenthecaselaw\ntellsusthatthat'safederal right.It'ssubject tofederal\nlaw.Andthatfederal lawwouldgovernthatpumping.SoI\ndon't--notalloftheissuesthatareintheCaseManagement\nOrder,wethink,areappropriate threshold issues,andwehave\nnarrowed whatwesuggested down.\nTHECOURT:Butyoudoembrace theconcept,\nMr.DePaoli,thatmaybeitisappropriate atleastsubject\nmatterjurisdiction oughttobehandled inamotion.And\nyou'resayingthatsomeoftheissuesrelating toclaim\npreclusion mightneeddiscovery .\nMR.DEPAOLI:Yes.\nTHECOURT:But,thatshouldnotbeamotion?\nMR.DEPAOLI:Yes.Ithinkthat'swhatthe\nCaseManagement Ordersaid;totheextentthatissuesthat\naredesignated require discovery ,that'sthenextstep,\ndiscovery .\nTHECOURT:Allright.Mr.DePaoli,IhaveCase 3:73-cv-00128-RCJ-WGC Document 669 Filed 03/07/13 Page 95 of 116 1\n2\n3\n4\n5\n6\n7\n8\n9\n10\n11\n12\n13\n14\n15\n16\n17\n18\n19\n20\n21\n22\n23\n24\n25\nKATHRYN M.FRENCH,RPR,CCR\n(775)786-558496\ninterrupted youalotoftimes.Isthereanyotherburning\ncomment youwanttomake?It'sgetting alittlelatehere.\nMR.DEPAOLI:No.IthinkIwouldjustconclude\nbyquoting fromwhattheUnitedStatesandtheTribesaidin\nFebruary of2000.AndI'll--andweputitinourbrief,\nbutIthinkit'sasgoodthen--ornow,asitwasthen;and\nthatis:\"Thatitisefficient todealwiththreshold issues\nregarding theTribalclaimsbecause it'sgoingtoallowthe\nparties tofocustheirtimeandresources onamanageable\nsetofissuesandeliminate thetemptation fortheparties to\nlitigate everyissueinthecaseatonce,without acoherent\nstructure fordoingso.\"\nAnd,obviously ,thethreshold issuesneedtobe\nissuesthatdohavethepotential tonarrowthecasedown,\nandnotissuesthatwejustlitigate forthesakeof\nlitigating ,because that'snotgoingtogetusanywhere .\nAndinclosing,Ithinkthat'swhatIwouldsuggest\nisthatwe,attheappropriate time--andIrealize there's\nstill,apparently ,someservice thatneedstobedone--that\ntheCourtestablish somesortofaschedule formotions on\nsubject matterjurisdiction issues;dealwithsubject matter\njurisdiction issues;andaftersubject matterjurisdiction\nissuesaredealtwith,returntowhathappens nextunderthe\nexisting CaseManagement Order,toseeif,okay,inlightof\nwhatwe'vedonewithsubject matterjurisdiction ,isthereanCase 3:73-cv-00128-RCJ-WGC Document 669 Filed 03/07/13 Page 96 of 116 1\n2\n3\n4\n5\n6\n7\n8\n9\n10\n11\n12\n13\n14\n15\n16\n17\n18\n19\n20\n21\n22\n23\n24\n25\nKATHRYN M.FRENCH,RPR,CCR\n(775)786-558497\nissue,ortwoissues,thatoughttobethreshold issuesto\nbetreated asprovided intheCaseManagement Order;which\nis,identify ,discovery ,anddisposed of.Andgoatitthat\nway.Idon'tthinkthere'sanyneed,whatsoever ,toentera\nsupplemental CaseManagement Order.TheCaseManagement Order\nasitexiststakescareofexactly whatneedstohappennext,\nandwilltakecareofwhatneedstohappenafterthat.Andif\nwhathappens afterthatthereisarenosuchthreshold issues,\nthenwe'reofftowherewe'reoffto.\nThankyou.\nTHECOURT:Thankyou,Mr.DePaoli.\nAnyoneelseonthedefendant 'ssidewanttoadd\nanything tothearguments ?\n(Noresponse .)\nTHECOURT:Idohavejustsomequestions I\nwouldlikeitgooverwithcounsel.Andjustpleaseremain\nseatedwhereyouare.\nMr.Guarino,canyouexplain thedifference tome\nforhowundergroundwaterandsurface waterconstitutes a\nsinglesource,asisreferred tointheCaseManagement Order\natpage3?\nMR.GUARINO:I'msorry.Page3ofwhat,Your\nHonor?\nTHECOURT:Well,Isawinthedefendant 'sbrief\nreferencing thattheTribe'sposition hasbeenasstatedinCase 3:73-cv-00128-RCJ-WGC Document 669 Filed 03/07/13 Page 97 of 116 1\n2\n3\n4\n5\n6\n7\n8\n9\n10\n11\n12\n13\n14\n15\n16\n17\n18\n19\n20\n21\n22\n23\n24\n25\nKATHRYN M.FRENCH,RPR,CCR\n(775)786-558498\ntheCaseManagement Order,atpage3,lines24through 25.\nThishasbeendonebecause oftheclaimthatunderground and\nsurface waters,constitute asinglesource.\nCanyouexplain tome,assomeone whohasprobably\ndemonstrated toeveryone already inthiscase,multiple times,\nIhaveverylittleknowledge aboutwaterrightslaws.\nCouldyouexplain howsurface watersandunderground\nwatersconstitute asinglesource.\nMR.GUARINO:Inageneral sense,YourHonor--\ncanyouhearme?\nAsageneral sense,YourHonor,Ithinkthatthat\nphrasereflects theconnectivity between surface waterand\ngroundwater asa--thatthey'reconnected .They'renot\nisolated fromeachotherandsotheyinteract ;ground\nwatergoesintosurface waterandviceversa,depending on\nhydrologic conditions ofthearea.\nDoesthatrespond totheCourt'sinquiry?\nTHECOURT:Well,Iguessit'safactual\nexplanation andsomebody muchmoreknowledgeable thanI\nwouldhavetodecidethat.Iwasjustcurious,factually ,\nabouthowthat--\nMR.GUARINO:AndIdon'tknow.Idon'thave--\nI'mnotasfamiliar withtheWalkerRiverBasinasIamin\notherbasins.ButIknowthatgenerally betrue,thatthat's\nthenotionthatthere,generally ,connectivity betweenCase 3:73-cv-00128-RCJ-WGC Document 669 Filed 03/07/13 Page 98 of 116 1\n2\n3\n4\n5\n6\n7\n8\n9\n10\n11\n12\n13\n14\n15\n16\n17\n18\n19\n20\n21\n22\n23\n24\n25\nKATHRYN M.FRENCH,RPR,CCR\n(775)786-558499\ngroundwater andsurface watertosomeextent,depending upon\nitslocation anditsconditions .\nWithrespect totheWalkerRiverTribe,theclaims\nforgroundwater are,aresimplyfortherightoftheWalker\nRivertodrillfor--todrillforandtousegroundwater\nthat'sfoundunderneath thereservation itself.\nTHECOURT:Allright.Inyourreplymemorandum\nthenyousay:\"Theimmediate focusonthiscourtisonthree\nclaims.Thefirstoneisquantification ofawaterrights\nclaimassociated withWeberReservoir .\"\nExplain whatthatistome.\nMR.GUARINO:WeberReservoir wascompleted in\n1936,1937orso,aftertheDecreewasentered inthiscase.\nIt'sfilledandusedbytheWalkerRiverTribefor,Ibelieve,\npredominantly irrigation purposes .Andwe'reclaiming awater\nrighttothestorage anduseofthatwater.\nTHECOURT:Isthatanydifferent fromwhatyou\nalready have?\nMR.GUARINO:Wehave,undertheDecree,I\nbelieve wehaveastreamflowquantity totheWalkerRiver\nitself,whichisnotthesameasastorage right.\nTHECOURT:Thesecondoneis:\"Quantification\nofgroundwater rightsforgroundwater underlying theWalker\nRiverPaiuteReservation .\"\nMR.GUARINO:Andthat'swhatIwastalkingCase 3:73-cv-00128-RCJ-WGC Document 669 Filed 03/07/13 Page 99 of 116 1\n2\n3\n4\n5\n6\n7\n8\n9\n10\n11\n12\n13\n14\n15\n16\n17\n18\n19\n20\n21\n22\n23\n24\n25\nKATHRYN M.FRENCH,RPR,CCR\n(775)786-5584100\naboutbriefly before;therighttouse,tofindandusethe\ngroundwater thatisbelow--\nTHECOURT:Underneath .\nMR.GUARINO:--underneath thereservation\nitself.\nAndifImay,YourHonor,withrespect toother\ngroundwater usersthatmightbeinthearea,orthatmightbe\naffected byWalkerRivergroundwater use,totheextent--I\nthinkthediscussion thatwasgoingonbetween theCourtand\nMr.DePaoli earlier,Ithinkconfused applesandoranges a\nbitinthat,inthisproceeding ,whatwe'retalking aboutis\nquantifying therightoftheTribetousegroundwater found\nunderneath thereservation itself.\nWithrespect toenforcing thatrightagainst a\ngroundwater useroranyotherwateruserthatmighthavesome\nconnection tothatgroundwater ,it'sacompletely separate\nadministration issue.It'sacompletely --it'snot,I\nbelieve,whatwe'rehereforincourtbeforetheCourtitself.\nTotheextentapartyfilesacounter-claimintheinterest of\nprotecting itswaterrights,groundwater rights,because of\nfearofinterference oftheTribeitself,thatissomething I\nthinkthatisnotbeforetheCourt.\nTHECOURT:Well,Idon'twanttogetintothat\nissueagain.\nMR.GUARINO:Sure.Case 3:73-cv-00128-RCJ-WGC Document 669 Filed 03/07/13 Page 100 of 116 1\n2\n3\n4\n5\n6\n7\n8\n9\n10\n11\n12\n13\n14\n15\n16\n17\n18\n19\n20\n21\n22\n23\n24\n25\nKATHRYN M.FRENCH,RPR,CCR\n(775)786-5584101\nTHECOURT:Butcouldyouexplain number\nthree:\"Quantification ofwaterrightsassociated withlands\naddedtothereservation in'36andthereafter .\"\nMR.GUARINO:Yes.\nTHECOURT:Andthatwouldhavebeenafter\nthedecree--\nMR.GUARINO:Yes.\nTHECOURT:--justbyacoupleofmonths,ifI\nrecall.\nMR.GUARINO:Yes.\nTHECOURT:Butthosearegroundwater rights?\nMR.GUARINO:Iactually don'thaveacopyof\ntheComplaint rightinfrontofme,YourHonor.\nTHECOURT:I'mjustlooking atyour\nmemorandum --\nMR.GUARINO:Ibelieve it'snotjust\ngroundwater .\nTHECOURT:--Quantification ofwaterrights.\nMR.GUARINO:It'snotjustwaterrights.\nIt'snotjustgroundwater rights,YourHonor.It's\ngroundwater rightsandsurface waterrightstotheWalker\nRiveritself.\nTHECOURT:Andthatwouldbebecause ofthe\naddition ofthoselandsaftertheDecree?\nMR.GUARINO:Precisely .Case 3:73-cv-00128-RCJ-WGC Document 669 Filed 03/07/13 Page 101 of 116 1\n2\n3\n4\n5\n6\n7\n8\n9\n10\n11\n12\n13\n14\n15\n16\n17\n18\n19\n20\n21\n22\n23\n24\n25\nKATHRYN M.FRENCH,RPR,CCR\n(775)786-5584102\nTHECOURT:Yousay,infootnote 1,atpage3of\nyourreplyabout12(b)(5)motions:\"Suchmotions mustbe\nfiledatthispointornotatall.\"\nInviewoftheunusual natureofthiscase,isn'tit\nratherDraconian tosay,allright,defendants ,youhave\n30daystofileyourmotions and,ifyoudon'tfileone,\nyou'vewaivedthem.\nMR.GUARINO:Letmeexplain alittlebit\nmore,YourHonor.That's,generally ,how12(b)motions are\nviewed.Thisisthetimetomakethem.Forinstance --but\nweallknowthatunder12(b)(1),subject matterjurisdiction\nchallenges canberaisedatanytime byaparty.However,\nonchallenges to,say,personal jurisdiction ,whichprobably\ndoesn'tapplyinthiscasesomuch,inpropervenueit\nprobably doesn'tapplyinthiscasesomuch.Butpotentially\nnumberfour,insufficient process,nowthere'ssomething we\nhaven'ttalkedaboutbefore.AndastheCourt--asweall\nknowinthiscase,therearemany,manypeoplewhohavebeen\neitherprovided noticeconcerning ,orservedwithnotice\nconcerning theseproceedings .Oneofthemmight,might\nassertthattheyhavenotbeenproperly served.Andif--and\nthisisthetime,then,forthattoberaisedornotatall.\nTHECOURT:Well,isclaimpreclusion a12(b)(6)\nmotion?\nMR.GUARINO:Ibelieve itis.Ibelieve itCase 3:73-cv-00128-RCJ-WGC Document 669 Filed 03/07/13 Page 102 of 116 1\n2\n3\n4\n5\n6\n7\n8\n9\n10\n11\n12\n13\n14\n15\n16\n17\n18\n19\n20\n21\n22\n23\n24\n25\nKATHRYN M.FRENCH,RPR,CCR\n(775)786-5584103\nis.Ithink--\nTHECOURT:Well,whataboutMr.DePaoli's\napproach thatheneedsdiscovery onthat,andnotasamotion\ntodismiss.\nMR.GUARINO:Ifheneedsdiscovery forit,then\nitcancomeinduetimewhenweareengaged indiscovery .\nTHECOURT:AndmakeitasaRule56motion,or\nisthegovernment goingtoclaim,theTribegoingtoclaim\nthathewaivedbynotasserting it?\nMR.GUARINO:No,wewouldnotclaimthat,Your\nHonor.Hewouldbeabletoraisethat.We'renottryingto\nstopanybody fromraising theirclaims.Andtotheextent\nthatit'saclaimthatwouldrequire discovery ,andthatyou\nwouldneeddiscovery toprovide thatclaim,toprovide for\nthatclaim,itwouldbeaRule56motion.\nTHECOURT:Whataboutthisapproach inPhaseI;\nwhataboutrequiring motions todismiss asto(a),subpart\n(a),theTribal'sclaims,motiontodismiss;or12(b)motions\nforthefederal claims,andthenjustseewhatwashesout\nofthatandaddress thematterofAnswers downtheroad,as\nopposed totryingtoamendtheCMOtoaddress Answers at\nthistime?\nMR.GUARINO:CantheCourtrepeatthatagain\nabout(a)and--\nTHECOURT:(A)isTribalclaims;(b)isfederalCase 3:73-cv-00128-RCJ-WGC Document 669 Filed 03/07/13 Page 103 of 116 1\n2\n3\n4\n5\n6\n7\n8\n9\n10\n11\n12\n13\n14\n15\n16\n17\n18\n19\n20\n21\n22\n23\n24\n25\nKATHRYN M.FRENCH,RPR,CCR\n(775)786-5584104\nclaims.\nMR.GUARINO:Happening simultaneously ?\nTHECOURT:Havethosemotions proceed atthe\nsametimebecause,Ithink,whichwastheTribe'sapproach .\nButyousaidthenaftertheTribemotions aredone,youhave\ntoanswerthere,butit'sstayedastothefederal claims.\nMR.GUARINO:Yes,sir.\nTHECOURT:Iwasthinking aboutmaybestaying\nbothofthemafterandseewhatwashesoutonthemotion\nphase.\nMR.GUARINO:Andjustseeortakethissortof\nonestepatatime?\nTHECOURT:Yes.\nMR.GUARINO:I'mnotopposed tothat,Your\nHonor.Ithinkthat's--IthinktheCourtneedstothink\naboutthestepimmediately infrontofit,butalsohowit's\ngoingtofitinthelargerpicture ofthings.AndIthink\nproviding forallparties topursuelegalchallenges tothe\nclaimsunderRule12istheappropriate waytodoit,and\nthattheCourtdeclared thatthatisPhaseI.Thatiswhat\nwearedoing.Without commenting further onwhatwewillbe\ndoingnext,theCourtcanconsider further thatwhenweget,\nwhenwecrossthatbridgeandweresolve theRule12motions.\nAndIthink--youknow,Iwaslooking at,as\nMr.DePaoli wasreading thequoteoftheUnitedStatesofCase 3:73-cv-00128-RCJ-WGC Document 669 Filed 03/07/13 Page 104 of 116 1\n2\n3\n4\n5\n6\n7\n8\n9\n10\n11\n12\n13\n14\n15\n16\n17\n18\n19\n20\n21\n22\n23\n24\n25\nKATHRYN M.FRENCH,RPR,CCR\n(775)786-5584105\nsomeyearsago,Inotethatinthebrief,itseemstobethe\nposition oftheUnitedStates,evenbackthen,thatwhatwe\nshoulddoisfocuson,inline2ofthequoteonpage11of\ntheresponse ,\"thelegalissues.\"Thelegalissues.And\nthat'sprecisely whatwe'reaskingtheCourttodo.And\nthoselegalissuesareassociated withamotiontodismiss.\nTHECOURT:Fifty-twohundred parties havebeen\nservedsofar,huh?\nMR.GUARINO:Yes,YourHonor.\nTHECOURT:Okay.Ofthat,1100havewaived\nservice andchosennottohaveanyfurther involvement .So,\nthey'rejustignoring thecase?\nMR.GUARINO:Yes,YourHonor.\nTHECOURT:But300havefiledaNoticeof\nIntentToParticipate .Ithenwanttosay1150persons have\nindicated theyintendtoparticipate .Whatever thenumberis,\nthat's,that's3,000ofthe5200.\nWhathappened totheother2200?\nMR.GUARINO:Asit'sbeenexplained tome,\nYourHonor,thereare--and,frankly,Ms.Schneider might\nhavegreater insight intothis.Butasthecaseprogresses ,\ntherearepeoplewhoareremoved,eventhoughtheyhavebeen\nserved,theyareremoved fromfurther involvement forvarious\nreasons,asintheyweren'tproper--theyweren'ttheperson\ntohavebeenservedinthefirstplace,orthere'sbeenaCase 3:73-cv-00128-RCJ-WGC Document 669 Filed 03/07/13 Page 105 of 116 1\n2\n3\n4\n5\n6\n7\n8\n9\n10\n11\n12\n13\n14\n15\n16\n17\n18\n19\n20\n21\n22\n23\n24\n25\nKATHRYN M.FRENCH,RPR,CCR\n(775)786-5584106\ntransfer ,ortheynolongerowntheproperty .There'sahost\nofreasons whypeoplewoulddropinanddropout.Andthat\nnumberwastogivetheCourtastarting placeofwhat'sbeen\ndoneoverthelastdecade.\nBut,YourHonor,ifImay,andIdescribed this\nlastmonthwhenwewereherebeforetheCourt,inother\ncontexts Ihaveseen,veryclearly,wherewaterusers,\nnon-Indianwaterusersexpress aninterest inparticipating\ninaproceeding suchasthis,toquantify anIndianwater\nrightsclaimortoaddress anIndianwaterrightsmatter,\nandthenumberofparticipants whoindicate Iwouldliketo\nparticipate ,orfillouttheformthat'spresented tothem\nandreturnitbacktothecourtis,infact,quitehigh.\nAnother experience Ihaveiswhentherewasatleast\n2500participants whocameforward andfiledtheirpieceof\npaperandsaidIwanttoparticipate .ThatcasethatI've\nbeeninvolved inisanexcellent example of,inthatinstance ,\nthere'sonlyahandful ofactiveparticipants whoactually\ndoparticipate .Folksmayhavegreatinterest inwhat's\ngoingon,forwhatever reason.Theymaybeopposed tothe\nTribalclaims.But,thisaninitial expression ofinterest\ninparticipating .It'snotanexpression ofwewillbein\ncourttopresent totheCourtargument onany\nparticular issue.\nNow,Isaythat.Idon'tknowhowmanypeopleCase 3:73-cv-00128-RCJ-WGC Document 669 Filed 03/07/13 Page 106 of 116 1\n2\n3\n4\n5\n6\n7\n8\n9\n10\n11\n12\n13\n14\n15\n16\n17\n18\n19\n20\n21\n22\n23\n24\n25\nKATHRYN M.FRENCH,RPR,CCR\n(775)786-5584107\nwillorwon't.But,I'mexpecting agreatwinnowing of\nparticipants inthisprocess aswemoveforward.\nMS.SCHNEIDER :YourHonor,thisisSusan\nSchneider .IfIcouldjustaddtowhatMr.Guarino said.\nIgotanawfullotofcallsfrompeopleinconnection with\nservice.Andalotoftimesthequestion --youknow,they\ntrytogetsomelegaladvicefromme,which,ofcourse,I\ndon'twanttogivetothem.ButthesensethatI'vebeen\ngetting frompeople,manypeoplewhofiledaNoticeof\nAppearance andIntenttoParticipate ,isthey'reonlydoing\nsoforpurposes ofkeeping trackofthecase.Andinmore\nrecentcalls,asI'venotedtopeoplethatthere'sthis\nE-ServeOrderpending andthatwillcomeoutatsomepoint,\nseveral ofthemhavebeenverypositive aboutthatand\nindicated thatthatwillalsohelptheirgoalofjustkeeping\ntrackofthings.\nTHECOURT:Thankyou.\nYouknow,Iguessitgetsbacktomylackof\nfamiliarity withwaterandhowitflowsandhowit\ninterrelates ,butI'mlooking atpage9and10ofthe\nmemorandum you'vefiled:\"Litigation oftheTribalclaims\ndoesnotrequire theCourttoinitiate ageneral string\nadjudication ofthesurface andgroundwater oftheWalker\nRiverbasin.TheTribalclaimsaskthiscourtonlyto\nrecognize andquantify waterrightsasdescribed intheU.S.Case 3:73-cv-00128-RCJ-WGC Document 669 Filed 03/07/13 Page 107 of 116 1\n2\n3\n4\n5\n6\n7\n8\n9\n10\n11\n12\n13\n14\n15\n16\n17\n18\n19\n20\n21\n22\n23\n24\n25\nKATHRYN M.FRENCH,RPR,CCR\n(775)786-5584108\ncounter-claimsandTribalcounter-claims.\"\nMynoteis:\"Whatdoesthismean?\"Because\nMr.DePaoli talkedaboutthatonewaterbasinareabut,\nnonetheless ,JudgeReedhadeveryone inWalkerRiverBasin\nserved,basically .\nMR.GUARINO:Ihavetheurgetostand,butI'll\ntrytosit.\nWell,YourHonor,whentheUnitedStatesismaking\nitsclaimforwaterrightsinthebasin,itisappropriate\ntogiveotherpotential waterrightholders,potential water\nrightsholders noticethat'swhatwe'redoing.That'swhat\nthelasttenyearshaslargely beenabout.Thenotices that\nwentouttofolksthroughout thebasinwasnotanoticeto\nsayyouneedtocomeintocourtandmakeaclaimforyour\nwaterrights;and,ifyoudon'tdothat,therewillbea\ndefault.\nThat'snotthenoticethatwentout.Thenotice\nthatwentoutwasanotification thatwearemakingwater\nrightsclaimsonbehalfoftheWalkerRiverTribeandthe\nfederal government .That'swhygroundwater wateruserswere\nnotified aswell.SothatiftheywanttocomeinandAnswer\nandobjecttotheclaimsoftheUnitedStates,theycoulddo\nso.\nTHECOURT:Soit'snot--Imaybeunderstood\nthiserroneously .TheTribeasserting aclaimtotheCase 3:73-cv-00128-RCJ-WGC Document 669 Filed 03/07/13 Page 108 of 116 1\n2\n3\n4\n5\n6\n7\n8\n9\n10\n11\n12\n13\n14\n15\n16\n17\n18\n19\n20\n21\n22\n23\n24\n25\nKATHRYN M.FRENCH,RPR,CCR\n(775)786-5584109\nadjacent land,groundwater rights,wouldnotnecessarily\ndeplete ordiminish HarrySwainson 'swaterrights,butthey\nwouldco-exist?\nMR.GUARINO:Theywouldco-exist.There\nmightbevery--theremightbeverysmall,ornoneatall,\nhydrologic connection between theTribe,thegroundwater\nrightsunderneath theWalkerRiverReservation andanother\nwaterrightsholdersomewhereelseinthebasin.That's--\nTHECOURT:Allright.It'snotnecessary to\nresolve thisissueforthisproposed amendment ,butit's\nsomething thathasbothered meandconcerns me.\nIsityourposition ,Mr.Guarino,thatresjudicata ,\ncollateral estoppel ,claimpreclusion ,whatever ,canbe\nasserted inamotion,12(b)motion?\nMR.GUARINO:Ibelieve so.\nTHECOURT:Without discovery ?\nMR.GUARINO:Ibelieve so.I'mnotsure.I\nmean,Iwouldhavetoseethemotionthat'sfiled.\nTHECOURT:Sure.Iunderstand that.\nMS.SCHNEIDER :YourHonor,thisisSusan\nSchneider .There'sNinthCircuit caselawonthescope\nofwhat,ifanyevidence ,additional evidence canbepresented\ninaRule12(b)motion;forexample,pocketfilings andso\nforth,andpriorpleadings .So,therearesomedocuments that\ncancomebeforetheCourtinaRule12motionwithoutCase 3:73-cv-00128-RCJ-WGC Document 669 Filed 03/07/13 Page 109 of 116 1\n2\n3\n4\n5\n6\n7\n8\n9\n10\n11\n12\n13\n14\n15\n16\n17\n18\n19\n20\n21\n22\n23\n24\n25\nKATHRYN M.FRENCH,RPR,CCR\n(775)786-5584110\nconverting ittoaRule56.\nImean,IagreewithMr.Guarino.Idon'tthink--\nIthinkresjudicata canbedealtwithunderRule12.\nMR.NEGRI:And,YourHonor,DavidNegri,\nifIcouldrealquickly justaddtothat.Toaddto\nMs.Schneider 'spoint,thereisNinthCircuit caselaw\nsayingresjudicata canbebrought asa12(b)(6)motion.I\nhavelitigated caseswherewe'veraiseditasa12(b)(6)\nmotion,citedthatcaselaw,andproceeded toadetermination .\nTHECOURT:Okay.Thankyou.\nMr.DePaoli,oneoftheobjections contained in\nyourmemorandum atpage12,isthattheTribe/government 's\nproposal wouldrequire 12(b)motions --andIthinkweall\nagreeitwould--followed byAnswers,counter-claims,\ncross-claims,andAnswers tocounter-claimsandcross-claims.\nWhatifweweretodowhatI'vefloated asanidea;and\nthat'sjusttohavethenextphasebe12--oranytypeof\nmotions thatareappropriate tothiscase;andthendefer\ntheAnswers tocounter-claimsandfurther counter-claimsand\nsoforth?\nMR.DEPAOLI:Andnothavetheopportunity to\nhavethreshold issuesatall?\nTHECOURT:Yes.\nMR.DEPAOLI:Youknow,Istillamconvinced ,\nYourHonor,thatthefirstissuetobedealtwithissubjectCase 3:73-cv-00128-RCJ-WGC Document 669 Filed 03/07/13 Page 110 of 116 1\n2\n3\n4\n5\n6\n7\n8\n9\n10\n11\n12\n13\n14\n15\n16\n17\n18\n19\n20\n21\n22\n23\n24\n25\nKATHRYN M.FRENCH,RPR,CCR\n(775)786-5584111\nmatterjurisdiction ;andthatthenweshouldfollowtheCase\nManagement OrderandhavetheCourtdetermine whether ornot\nthereareanyissuesthatoughttobehandled inthemanner\nastheCaseManagement Orderspecifically provides forthe\nhandling ofthreshold issues:Designation ,discovery ,and\ndisposition .AndsoIdon'tthinkweshouldabandon that\nconcept.\nTHECOURT:Mythought isthatthreshold issues\narekindofalongthelinesofadvisory opinions .AndI've\nalwayshadadifficult timeembracing theconcept ofbriefing\nwhat'scalledthreshold issues.Andit'sreallyoneofthose\ntimeswhereIwouldliketobeabletogotoJudgeReed,but\ncan't,andaskhimtherationale here,andalightbulbwould\nprobably gooffinmyhead.\nMythought onthiscaseisconsistent with\nJudgeJones;thatwe'vegottogetoffcenterhereandget\ngoing.AnditmayverywellbethatRule12motions ofsome\nkindwillbedispositive ornarrowtheissues.Andmythought\nprocess istohavethisnewPhaseIasbeingarequirement\nthat12(b)motions befiledwithinXdays.I'mkindof\nreluctant tosaythat12(b)motions wouldbewaivedbecause\nlet'ssayMr.DePaoli'spart,hethinksthatclaimpreclusion\nneedssomediscovery ,andifhedoesn'tfilehismotion,he\nmightbeprecluded fromit;or,ifhelatertriedtoassertit\nasaRule56motion,thattherewouldbeanargument thatitCase 3:73-cv-00128-RCJ-WGC Document 669 Filed 03/07/13 Page 111 of 116 1\n2\n3\n4\n5\n6\n7\n8\n9\n10\n11\n12\n13\n14\n15\n16\n17\n18\n19\n20\n21\n22\n23\n24\n25\nKATHRYN M.FRENCH,RPR,CCR\n(775)786-5584112\nshouldhavebeenasserted asa12(b)motion.Somythought\nisthatmaybetheveryfirstPhaseIwouldbeabsolutely ,\npositively ,dispositive motions thatcouldbelitigated\nwithout anydiscovery .Simultaneously ,wouldbepotentially\ndispositive motions thatmayneeddiscovery .Andanyparty\nseeking tofilesuchmotion,ortheywantdiscovery ,would\nhavetocomebacktocourtandgetleaveofcourtforthat\ndiscovery beforeIturnanyonelooseonwhatitis.AndI\nthinkIwouldstillembrace whatJudgeReedsaid;it'sjust\naboutwritten discovery .\nIwouldliketodeferany,therequirement forany\nAnswers orcounter-claims,orAnswers tocounter-claimsor\ncross-claims,untilafterweseewhatshakesoutonthefirst\nphaseofmotionpractice inthiscase.\nI'vemadesomeothernoteshere.Idon'tknowif\nthat'sa,wouldbeentitled aSupplemental CaseManagement\nOrderorAmended,orAmendment toCaseManagement Order.I\nwouldthinkthatMr.Guarino,footnote --let'sseehere--4\natpage1ofthecase,Proposed Supplemental CaseManagement\nOrdersays:\"TheCourt\"--or,excuseme,Iguessit's\nfootnote 5:\"TheCourtnotesthatadditional supplemental\nCMOswillbeneededinthefuture.\"Wemaybeoptimistic in\nsaying\"may.\"\nIdon'twanttopreclude therightofsomebody to\ndodiscovery ofacertain limited nature,topursuea12(b)orCase 3:73-cv-00128-RCJ-WGC Document 669 Filed 03/07/13 Page 112 of 116 1\n2\n3\n4\n5\n6\n7\n8\n9\n10\n11\n12\n13\n14\n15\n16\n17\n18\n19\n20\n21\n22\n23\n24\n25\nKATHRYN M.FRENCH,RPR,CCR\n(775)786-5584113\n12motion.AnditmaybethatweallowRule56motions that\nwouldinvolve matters outside thepleadings tobeasserted\natthistime.Andthen,thereafter ,Iwouldliketoaddress\ntheissueof,well,whatdowedonowaboutAnswers?Andat\nthatpointintime,maybereconsider whether somebriefing\nonthreshold issuesthatremainwouldbebeneficial .You\nknow,I'mnotprecluding oreliminating thethreshold issue\naltogether ,buttheymaybesomething relevant thatwewant\ntododowntheroad.Theystillmaybeofbenefit tothis\ncase.\nWiththoseenunciations ofwhereIwouldliketo\nseethiscasego,Mr.Guarino,orwhomever ,doyouhaveany\ncomment orquestions ?\nMR.GUARINO:Idon'tbelieve so,YourHonor.\nTHECOURT:Ms.Schneider ,isthereanything\nyouwanttooffer,sinceyou'velivedwiththiscaseforso\nmanyyears?\nMS.SCHNEIDER :IdoagreewiththeCourtthat,\ninfact,underanyapproach here,you'regoingtobeneeding\nmorethanonesupplemental CaseManagement Orderinthe\nfuture.\nTHECOURT:Mr.DePaoli,Iknowthisdecision\ndoesn'tcomport,necessarily ,orentirely withyourapproach .\nItsortofembraces someofwhatyousaidandrejects someof\ntheothers.Case 3:73-cv-00128-RCJ-WGC Document 669 Filed 03/07/13 Page 113 of 116 1\n2\n3\n4\n5\n6\n7\n8\n9\n10\n11\n12\n13\n14\n15\n16\n17\n18\n19\n20\n21\n22\n23\n24\n25\nKATHRYN M.FRENCH,RPR,CCR\n(775)786-5584114\nIsthereanyquestion ordiscussion ?\nMR.DEPAOLI:Iguesstheonlyquestion ,Your\nHonor,isIassumethiswillbeputintheformofanother\nOrderthatsortofspellsitout?\nTHECOURT:Well,yes.AndwhatI'mthinking --\nmyoriginal thought wastojusttellplaintiffs toput\nsomething together ,butIdon'tthinkthatwouldbe\nappropriate .\nAndperhaps,Mr.Guarino,youcandraftaproposed\neithersupplemental CaseManagement Order,oramendment toit,\nwhatever youwanttocallit,anddiscuss itwiththeother\nsides,thatembraces theseconcepts thatIamgoingtodirect\nbeapplied tothiscase.\nMR.GUARINO:We'lldothat.\nTHECOURT:Sodoesthatansweryourconcern,\nMr.DePaoli?Youwillhaveanother written document tofollow\ntheCMO.AndIwanttheparties tohaveachancetodiscuss\nthebestwaytodoit.Andthatwillbeoneofouragenda\nitemsatthenextmeeting.\nMR.DEPAOLI:Theproposed order,YourHonor?\nTHECOURT:Yes.\nWiththat,doesanyoneelsehaveanycomment or\nquestions ?\n(Noresponse .)\nTHECOURT:Well,it'sbeenaninteresting day.Case 3:73-cv-00128-RCJ-WGC Document 669 Filed 03/07/13 Page 114 of 116 1\n2\n3\n4\n5\n6\n7\n8\n9\n10\n11\n12\n13\n14\n15\n16\n17\n18\n19\n20\n21\n22\n23\n24\n25\nKATHRYN M.FRENCH,RPR,CCR\n(775)786-5584115\nI,again,wouldliketocompliment thelawyers involved on\ntheirexcellent presentations .\nMr.Shaw,thankyouforcomingandmakingyour\ncomments .\nAndunlessthere'sanything elsetobebrought to\nourattention ,we'llbeinrecess.\nI'vegotmorehousekeeping todohere,sojustgo\naheadanddowhatyouwant.\nThankyouall.\n(CourtAdjourned .)Case 3:73-cv-00128-RCJ-WGC Document 669 Filed 03/07/13 Page 115 of 116 1\n2\n3\n4\n5\n6\n7\n8\n9\n10\n11\n12\n13\n14\n15\n16\n17\n18\n19\n20\n21\n22\n23\n24\n25\nKATHRYN M.FRENCH,RPR,CCR\n(775)786-5584116\n-o0o-\nIcertify thattheforegoing isacorrect\ntranscript fromtherecordofproceedings\nintheabove-entitled matter.\n/s/Kathryn M.French February 13,2013\n \nKATHRYN M.FRENCH,RPR,CCR DATE\nOfficial ReporterCase 3:73-cv-00128-RCJ-WGC Document 669 Filed 03/07/13 Page 116 of 116"
} |
[
-0.011592368595302105,
-0.03646841645240784,
-0.06896404176950455,
-0.05396217480301857,
0.021633177995681763,
0.08790184557437897,
0.007993661798536777,
0.011337058618664742,
0.02895537205040455,
0.06973970681428909,
-0.09602992236614227,
-0.04968160763382912,
-0.009608732536435127,
0.011249523609876633,
-0.06979110836982727,
0.0022650519385933876,
0.03636205196380615,
0.018030937761068344,
-0.021727198734879494,
-0.0078149838373065,
-0.008372616954147816,
0.026365606114268303,
-0.06345892697572708,
0.013419676572084427,
0.02143668755888939,
0.0027722290251404047,
-0.05382869392633438,
-0.0038779303431510925,
-0.034834254533052444,
-0.05470235273241997,
-0.023650193586945534,
-0.08178174495697021,
0.03835831582546234,
-0.040831174701452255,
-0.0211417768150568,
-0.06237785518169403,
-0.033005792647600174,
0.03937346488237381,
-0.05303383991122246,
0.03154667094349861,
0.0214057806879282,
0.028318148106336594,
0.007762712426483631,
0.016941219568252563,
-0.01532041560858488,
-0.008550378493964672,
0.009717702865600586,
-0.01801096647977829,
0.02885878086090088,
-0.0018411390483379364,
-0.0060275522992014885,
-0.008942777290940285,
0.10516522824764252,
0.03816784545779228,
0.016944551840424538,
0.02408859319984913,
0.005742342211306095,
-0.06986357271671295,
-0.0894417092204094,
0.006049371790140867,
0.007874560542404652,
-0.014528592117130756,
-0.07837501168251038,
0.009412569925189018,
-0.0534796342253685,
-0.03153158724308014,
-0.08320872485637665,
0.05614824220538139,
0.1081910952925682,
-0.054094355553388596,
0.08790052682161331,
-0.07704032212495804,
-0.02574891410768032,
0.002442829543724656,
0.1054193302989006,
0.10181920975446701,
-0.021940335631370544,
0.06450244039297104,
0.13391663134098053,
-0.012708550319075584,
-0.01403285376727581,
-0.11553721874952316,
0.06394298374652863,
-0.06884372979402542,
0.06125465780496597,
0.05854034423828125,
-0.040056291967630386,
0.0062982128001749516,
0.07847262173891068,
0.01018261443823576,
-0.024281568825244904,
0.07536469399929047,
0.014707926660776138,
-0.02855224721133709,
-0.013174895197153091,
0.007452972698956728,
-0.014344923198223114,
0.02102254144847393,
0.0076897465623915195,
0.1344141662120819,
0.008068482391536236,
0.05864429846405983,
-0.0555276982486248,
0.002959706587716937,
0.05284559354186058,
-0.005950771737843752,
0.07853951305150986,
-0.027050955221056938,
-0.024709427729249,
0.025971949100494385,
0.04324214532971382,
0.09579616039991379,
0.014858832582831383,
0.061964794993400574,
-0.011044160462915897,
0.08013006299734116,
-0.0217868871986866,
0.11151009798049927,
0.008871999569237232,
0.04190707206726074,
-0.031111644580960274,
0.045446790754795074,
-0.006898917723447084,
0.04028746485710144,
0.04124697297811508,
0.10180368274450302,
-0.04895466938614845,
2.267702869773702e-32,
0.0020247662905603647,
-0.023462502285838127,
-0.04117979109287262,
0.01828019507229328,
-0.04349324479699135,
-0.026612194254994392,
-0.029533078894019127,
-0.11343518644571304,
-0.028989974409341812,
-0.02467433549463749,
-0.015368257649242878,
0.028016209602355957,
0.046858515590429306,
-0.06608355790376663,
-0.00046209144056774676,
-0.0012394910445436835,
-0.01830715872347355,
-0.03235311806201935,
-0.08296777307987213,
0.010633339174091816,
0.002374773845076561,
-0.028816457837820053,
-0.09208247810602188,
0.03335121273994446,
-0.08153728395700455,
0.0731697529554367,
-0.0832565650343895,
-0.024281710386276245,
0.03968467190861702,
0.042851705104112625,
-0.01837719976902008,
-0.02202487364411354,
-0.0650123581290245,
0.03697234019637108,
0.05531136691570282,
0.004984884522855282,
0.07457825541496277,
-0.014367247931659222,
0.03402235358953476,
0.09218374639749527,
-0.03662533685564995,
-0.04697556048631668,
-0.05318344756960869,
-0.07160051167011261,
-0.02908913791179657,
-0.00904177874326706,
-0.013167142868041992,
0.01758432760834694,
0.041631557047367096,
-0.01553409919142723,
-0.04647403582930565,
-0.05522136762738228,
0.08747262507677078,
0.016962913796305656,
0.019972024485468864,
-0.04596303403377533,
-0.03658212721347809,
0.00010322705202270299,
0.031502094119787216,
0.08843942731618881,
-0.04862697049975395,
0.054616447538137436,
-0.056325171142816544,
0.014395901001989841,
-0.10675901174545288,
-0.03849080204963684,
-0.0193498432636261,
-0.046936385333538055,
0.030991820618510246,
-0.004635202698409557,
0.0038227541372179985,
-0.013265456072986126,
0.04692458733916283,
-0.007533026859164238,
0.07169041037559509,
-0.04311414062976837,
-0.015686694532632828,
-0.004616060294210911,
-0.058800507336854935,
0.08077647536993027,
0.05477022007107735,
-0.012061409652233124,
-0.10185562074184418,
-0.0045765358954668045,
0.01616526022553444,
-0.08839041739702225,
0.006362754851579666,
-0.008193276822566986,
-0.03227447718381882,
0.0070102158933877945,
-0.015103732235729694,
0.009922604076564312,
0.0152278495952487,
-0.007242428604513407,
-0.060792867094278336,
-2.066524505406954e-32,
-0.06748972088098526,
0.026052311062812805,
0.03811686486005783,
0.008705302141606808,
0.10087744146585464,
-0.026025258004665375,
0.01185110304504633,
0.03968656435608864,
0.061861880123615265,
-0.0813220888376236,
0.09645472466945648,
-0.051483891904354095,
-0.057390518486499786,
-0.013058772310614586,
0.0028499553445726633,
0.010342437773942947,
-0.09909375011920929,
-0.029092710465192795,
-0.0281470138579607,
-0.0392412506043911,
0.12156213819980621,
0.009171162731945515,
-0.09109017997980118,
-0.011013367213308811,
-0.04412579536437988,
-0.017678072676062584,
0.017540566623210907,
0.1262190192937851,
0.033780165016651154,
0.05366218090057373,
-0.04536578059196472,
-0.0032050868030637503,
-0.041661009192466736,
0.0497620552778244,
-0.010843886062502861,
0.07270395010709763,
0.06728256493806839,
0.08813758194446564,
-0.03966144844889641,
-0.039051882922649384,
0.07064685970544815,
0.00472726346924901,
-0.06415089964866638,
0.06734070181846619,
0.0471777506172657,
0.06642531603574753,
-0.05615009739995003,
0.0023354857694357634,
0.027496086433529854,
-0.053972650319337845,
-0.06251027435064316,
-0.020373089239001274,
-0.06224372610449791,
0.07214125245809555,
-0.024863876402378082,
-0.0831327810883522,
-0.0015442767180502415,
-0.0008446051506325603,
-0.0940333753824234,
0.03599649295210838,
-0.0022278164979070425,
0.05694262310862541,
-0.03657105192542076,
0.019348369911313057,
0.0950096845626831,
-0.009763683192431927,
-0.05192183703184128,
0.015515589155256748,
-0.168855220079422,
0.07582296431064606,
-0.052477411925792694,
-0.041598398238420486,
0.03768942877650261,
-0.004868136253207922,
0.059344373643398285,
0.1164952889084816,
0.0016918845940381289,
0.06988789886236191,
-0.03968705236911774,
0.043084390461444855,
-0.007790751289576292,
-0.0021806033328175545,
0.03558625653386116,
-0.006816832348704338,
0.07306797057390213,
0.12349124252796173,
0.012934762053191662,
-0.05681151896715164,
0.0035544815473258495,
0.04402438551187515,
0.03258836269378662,
-0.03889712691307068,
0.07795961946249008,
-0.037958450615406036,
-0.04469192773103714,
-7.881288865974057e-8,
-0.014372589997947216,
-0.032113634049892426,
-0.004540386609733105,
-0.016276005655527115,
-0.009433806873857975,
0.11446501314640045,
-0.009478414431214333,
-0.05601169541478157,
-0.010299664922058582,
0.04705058038234711,
0.0432264506816864,
0.022453468292951584,
-0.00871183816343546,
-0.060683779418468475,
0.024138126522302628,
0.0013729773927479982,
-0.11963645368814468,
0.07493574172258377,
-0.027000775560736656,
-0.038702137768268585,
-0.032423052936792374,
-0.01610739529132843,
0.04066644236445427,
-0.029912767931818962,
0.014825194142758846,
-0.05185941979289055,
-0.07528261095285416,
0.00846547819674015,
-0.0832987055182457,
0.012013384141027927,
0.012724068015813828,
0.004306924995034933,
0.023344306275248528,
-0.04044945165514946,
-0.002367529319599271,
-0.04116193950176239,
-0.0859089121222496,
-0.020670659840106964,
0.029636284336447716,
0.0054215192794799805,
-0.08600568026304245,
-0.044302623718976974,
0.0003426693147048354,
-0.03025384061038494,
0.07336681336164474,
-0.03368488699197769,
-0.00476298201829195,
-0.013171529397368431,
0.06260812282562256,
-0.12308583408594131,
0.041343431919813156,
-0.08882786333560944,
0.00991971418261528,
-0.0370461530983448,
-0.03963564708828926,
0.028092490509152412,
-0.035827092826366425,
-0.05248751491308212,
0.0323137603700161,
-0.03157201409339905,
-0.03175815939903259,
-0.04365319386124611,
-0.04515649750828743,
-0.05642535164952278
] | {
"pdf_file": "JI27U7TQTGCH2WWIVTO3GRUAQ2AGBBDH.pdf",
"text": "Promoter: Dannon Svab \n \nLocation: Ridgewood High \nSchool, West Lafayette, Ohio \nDate: April 5, 2008 \n \nCommissioner: \nInspectors: \nRandy Jarvis Ohio Athletic Commission \nExecutive Director \nBernie Profato \nOffice: (330) 797-2556 \nwww.aco.ohio.gov\n MMA \n Amateur \nCaged Madness 3 Judges: \nR Wince \nW Messer \nB Pethel \nReferees: \nC Snider \nM Matheny \nTimekeepers: \n K Matheny \nPhysicians: \n Dr Chlovechuk \n \nSch \nRnds Contestants Weight Results Remarks \nSteve Roberts 197 Lost AM \n 3 Jeremiah Street 194 Won UNAN \nMatt Nelson 155 Won UNAN \nBradford Jordan 156 Lost \nLarry Shuck 203 Won UNAN \nJesus Santiago 197 Lost \nBrian Kerr 154 Lost \nRyan McLaughlin 154 Won TO Arm bar 1:22 1st Rd \nRobert Hitchcock 181.5 Lost 60 Day suspension –Unsportmanship \nBill Jones 185 Won TO GUI 2:13 1st Rd \nJason Lampshire 231 Lost 30 day suspension \nChris Alverson 228 Won TKO 22 secs 1st Rd \nJohn McNeeley 145.5 Lost \nJosh Eddie 147 Won UNAN \nJeff Hughes 247 Won TKO 1:12 2nd Rd \nTodd Berry 229 Lost 30 day suspension – Medical release \nDustin Bradford 156.5 Lost \nMike Passio 162 Won TO RNC 2:44 2nd Rd \nTerry Smith 263 Won UNAN - 120 days suspension – needs \nmedical release \nJared Carle 261 Lost 120 days suspension – needs medical \nrelease \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n "
} |
[
-0.0226591806858778,
0.05386101081967354,
-0.03393099829554558,
-0.03796030208468437,
-0.040011487901210785,
0.04526581987738609,
-0.0071674068458378315,
0.04533808305859566,
-0.00657776789739728,
0.02907203882932663,
0.08831527829170227,
0.008297675289213657,
0.03173530101776123,
-0.022799940779805183,
-0.0076564010232687,
-0.005505658220499754,
0.0257912278175354,
-0.00898876041173935,
-0.07820221036672592,
-0.02045578882098198,
0.11294738203287125,
-0.04056383669376373,
-0.06832472234964371,
0.030004678294062614,
-0.0739518254995346,
0.01888207159936428,
0.018293308094143867,
0.005328118801116943,
-0.0874234214425087,
-0.02248736098408699,
0.018003500998020172,
0.033197592943906784,
0.15410107374191284,
0.011049056425690651,
0.021988164633512497,
-0.008258850313723087,
0.07417457550764084,
0.0006090954411774874,
0.00004325729241827503,
0.061327014118433,
-0.038661763072013855,
-0.04489213973283768,
-0.03586461767554283,
-0.09912814199924469,
-0.03693757206201553,
-0.0679117888212204,
0.06318818777799606,
0.03184019401669502,
-0.04852576181292534,
-0.008723894134163857,
0.01946963742375374,
-0.005687063094228506,
-0.020469924435019493,
-0.004588693846017122,
-0.008194723166525364,
-0.1115013062953949,
0.011014418676495552,
-0.05489487946033478,
-0.045555002987384796,
0.03231610730290413,
-0.027835663408041,
0.031591977924108505,
-0.048151396214962006,
0.03436722606420517,
0.03181011602282524,
0.005790815223008394,
0.008564296178519726,
-0.06978370249271393,
-0.06190646439790726,
-0.10756204277276993,
0.1349950134754181,
-0.07262977212667465,
0.048756491392850876,
0.08409729599952698,
-0.043688077479600906,
0.08083326369524002,
0.05682717263698578,
0.08393644541501999,
-0.01852475479245186,
-0.1869352012872696,
0.0635543093085289,
0.020806200802326202,
-0.043674811720848083,
-0.02079075388610363,
-0.0032331980764865875,
-0.00022768582857679576,
-0.05448269098997116,
0.03137650713324547,
0.03887759894132614,
0.01989796757698059,
0.05791178345680237,
0.037557996809482574,
0.025726182386279106,
-0.01716967113316059,
0.03695292770862579,
-0.02784780226647854,
0.03465961292386055,
-0.10814469307661057,
-0.006709676701575518,
0.02027946151793003,
0.05412527173757553,
-0.023768387734889984,
-0.038792382925748825,
-0.05879560112953186,
-0.07337851077318192,
-0.027362853288650513,
-0.05814114958047867,
-0.043415311723947525,
-0.06712982803583145,
0.05451391637325287,
-0.011409590020775795,
-0.03359530121088028,
-0.0791807547211647,
-0.013956896029412746,
-0.03577491641044617,
-0.02777857705950737,
-0.04852048680186272,
-0.060788560658693314,
0.02232993207871914,
-0.07866481691598892,
0.0016936695901677012,
-0.06262475997209549,
-0.06896378099918365,
-0.02730848826467991,
0.06738176196813583,
-0.07127351313829422,
0.01963232271373272,
1.0166363544790343e-32,
-0.07716856896877289,
-0.004059475846588612,
-0.04547742009162903,
-0.0424627959728241,
0.020663704723119736,
0.04977862909436226,
-0.04579520225524902,
0.02933206409215927,
0.042669400572776794,
0.0068978434428572655,
-0.06847140938043594,
0.09197068214416504,
0.051452405750751495,
-0.01623261719942093,
0.042837854474782944,
0.011059071868658066,
0.004133653827011585,
-0.0008147297776304185,
-0.04312555119395256,
0.04804450273513794,
-0.037382256239652634,
0.01661680079996586,
0.033748552203178406,
0.01997184380888939,
-0.005623129662126303,
0.08617762476205826,
-0.018886055797338486,
-0.026757361367344856,
0.014097834005951881,
0.04454704374074936,
0.09089803695678711,
0.00014325052325148135,
0.013972886838018894,
-0.031245654448866844,
0.01802268996834755,
-0.04220026358962059,
0.0328037329018116,
-0.005013040732592344,
-0.04680309817194939,
0.02386338822543621,
-0.034742873162031174,
0.051883962005376816,
0.07325004786252975,
0.10939059406518936,
0.07318208366632462,
0.044103533029556274,
0.09984495490789413,
-0.014180699363350868,
0.05704890191555023,
0.08778759092092514,
-0.010476462543010712,
-0.006670158356428146,
-0.010732180438935757,
-0.03767867758870125,
0.008740503340959549,
-0.02670525759458542,
-0.047291502356529236,
0.03195586055517197,
-0.0021395909134298563,
-0.09430013597011566,
-0.013480721972882748,
0.07528375089168549,
-0.007440546061843634,
0.0019101044163107872,
-0.03299582377076149,
-0.03894117847084999,
-0.0485420823097229,
0.030463932082057,
0.11868905276060104,
-0.02789713256061077,
-0.0008721661288291216,
-0.00415486516430974,
-0.008270489051938057,
0.05314839258790016,
-0.030250580981373787,
0.011721128597855568,
0.11301372200250626,
0.03353320062160492,
0.023873653262853622,
0.016751455143094063,
-0.12485046684741974,
-0.0035304627381265163,
-0.03316262364387512,
-0.04157324135303497,
0.008016688749194145,
0.07829386740922928,
0.03029140830039978,
0.06172904372215271,
0.06836783140897751,
0.028105929493904114,
0.006274801678955555,
0.10039001703262329,
-0.051341574639081955,
0.04622259736061096,
0.05790797993540764,
-1.3417743450282357e-32,
-0.039781227707862854,
-0.024021269753575325,
-0.05785922706127167,
-0.0229627788066864,
-0.023748403415083885,
-0.030497463420033455,
-0.04801241680979729,
0.014965242706239223,
0.013696374371647835,
-0.0996922180056572,
-0.010084371082484722,
-0.02601740136742592,
0.0921299010515213,
0.04248014837503433,
-0.05008021742105484,
0.013959375210106373,
-0.06435037404298782,
0.051677923649549484,
-0.0554051510989666,
-0.015351787209510803,
-0.06546635180711746,
0.13297614455223083,
-0.007516692858189344,
-0.02648760750889778,
-0.018474150449037552,
-0.020223136991262436,
-0.03183324262499809,
-0.026885205879807472,
-0.019034791737794876,
-0.030075129121541977,
0.051495760679244995,
-0.03228357061743736,
-0.1047489270567894,
0.071272112429142,
-0.08055609464645386,
-0.02230416238307953,
0.11670282483100891,
-0.0773283839225769,
-0.06168476492166519,
0.11507681757211685,
0.0030660799238830805,
0.035188499838113785,
-0.03835876286029816,
0.002158278599381447,
-0.11408618092536926,
0.00004018148683826439,
-0.0060847108252346516,
-0.09147711098194122,
0.02265912853181362,
-0.10657816380262375,
0.0898294448852539,
0.0029964535497128963,
0.004609244409948587,
-0.010100113227963448,
0.03059552237391472,
-0.03628471493721008,
0.043460000306367874,
0.005692214705049992,
-0.07867870479822159,
0.03583016246557236,
0.041127171367406845,
0.1032644659280777,
-0.0005858562071807683,
-0.032132722437381744,
0.05901852622628212,
-0.02151193656027317,
-0.01806524209678173,
0.022471770644187927,
0.04303674399852753,
-0.039584167301654816,
0.04733176529407501,
-0.09299582988023758,
-0.09870417416095734,
-0.04464302211999893,
-0.03517674654722214,
-0.016784697771072388,
-0.05233718827366829,
0.004596977028995752,
-0.0797935277223587,
0.04929804801940918,
-0.008247590623795986,
-0.07697539031505585,
-0.00980332214385271,
-0.0009670050349086523,
-0.060350678861141205,
0.06623122096061707,
-0.04051351547241211,
0.01476089283823967,
0.02951732836663723,
0.0549444817006588,
-0.08182202279567719,
0.007709793746471405,
0.005127912387251854,
0.07025174796581268,
-0.006213371176272631,
-7.127513157456633e-8,
-0.011455686762928963,
-0.0007405565120279789,
0.02041415125131607,
0.051900044083595276,
0.0014837115304544568,
-0.04702514782547951,
-0.07458756119012833,
-0.027722585946321487,
0.0072007249109447,
0.04607173055410385,
-0.010428461246192455,
0.02401028573513031,
-0.12634381651878357,
0.012432257644832134,
-0.04845861345529556,
-0.015031267888844013,
0.07633955031633377,
0.04200245067477226,
-0.0030746713746339083,
0.015974173322319984,
0.030090048909187317,
-0.022307859733700752,
-0.060312479734420776,
-0.03632454574108124,
-0.025489531457424164,
-0.024476325139403343,
-0.06357243657112122,
-0.0019516877364367247,
0.007060511503368616,
0.0757470577955246,
-0.02787308394908905,
0.013264934532344341,
-0.01227313932031393,
-0.09480857104063034,
-0.0038471422158181667,
-0.04188299924135208,
-0.060515906661748886,
0.03398984670639038,
0.011455065570771694,
-0.04646395146846771,
0.055296946316957474,
0.02387712337076664,
-0.08605008572340012,
0.018115650862455368,
-0.015307808294892311,
-0.07827861607074738,
-0.01779036782681942,
0.028969937935471535,
0.019661977887153625,
-0.059442322701215744,
-0.05146121606230736,
-0.061880867928266525,
-0.0039384011179208755,
0.02973926067352295,
0.014477582648396492,
-0.08476869016885757,
0.017211489379405975,
-0.0056525771506130695,
0.0002934082876890898,
0.056189317256212234,
0.05656006932258606,
-0.035080473870038986,
0.026701372116804123,
-0.04889177903532982
] | {
"pdf_file": "QU4F5C3GPRUAV463D7PN5NXHKFCWJETA.pdf",
"text": " \n \nPrograma de Servicio de Alimentos \npara Niños durante el Verano \n \n¡Hay comida cuando no hay clases! \n \nGuía del 2010 para el Supervisor \ndel Local \n \n \n \n \n \nDepartamento de Agricultura de los Estados Unidos \nServicio de Alimentos y Nutrición \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\"En conformidad con la ley federal y la política del Departamento de Agricultura de los \nEE.UU., está prohibido que esta institución discrimine por motivo de raza, color de la piel, país de origen, sexo, edad o discapacidad. \nPara presentar una queja de discriminación, escriba a: USDA, Director, Office of Civil \nRights, 1400 Independence Avenue, SW, Wa shington, DC 20250-9410 o llame al (800) \n795-3272 o (202) 720-6382 (TTY). \"USDA es un empleador y proveedor que ofrece \nigualdad de oportunidades.\" \n \n \nRevisado en enero del 2010 \n \n Indice \n \n Introducción ........................................................................................... 1 \n Lo que usted puede esperar de su patrocinador ...................................... 1 Información que el adiestramiento abarcará ..................................... 2 Algunas preguntas de la revisión ...................................................... 3 Lo que usted debe hacer para su patrocinador ....................................... 4 El primer día ........................................................................................... 7 Requisitos del patrón de comidas ........................................................... 7 Contenido requerido para el reembolso ............................................. 8 Patrones mandatorios para las comidas de verano .................................... 9 Notas ............................................................................................... 10 Normas para la sanidad de alimentos .................................................... 11 Visitantes oficiales ............................................................................... 14 Preguntas y respuestas .......................................................................... 15 Que hacer y no hacer ............................................................................. 18 Hacer ................................................................................................ 18 No hacer ........................................................................................... 19 Notas ..................................................................................................... 20 1 \n Introducción \n \nEn este libro usted encontrará: \n \n• Lo que usted puede esperar de su patrocinador \n• Sus responsabilidades como supervisor de un local \n• Los patrones establecidos para las comidas que va a \nservir \n• Normas de sanidad a seguir \n• Cómo trabajar con los visitantes oficiales \n• Preguntas y respuestas \n• Algunas cosas que debe hacer y no debe hacer en su local \n \nUn local que funciona bien para el Programa de Servicio de Alimentos para Niños \ndurante el Verano (“SFSP”) es algo que todo patrocinador y trabajador del local anhela lograr. Todos quieren un programa organizado y bien supervisado que satisfaga la meta de “SFSP”: servir comidas frescas y bien balanceadas que los niños siempre quieran comer. Para tratar de lograr esa meta todo el personal de cada local usa los mismos ingredientes clave: mucha dedicación, tiempo y conocimiento. \n Como supervisor de un local, su dedicación a su trabajo influirá el éxito o el \nfracaso del programa de su patrocinador. Por ejemplo, como el reembolso que su patrocinador recibe se basa en los registros diarios que usted mantiene sobre las comidas preparadas o entregadas y servidas, lo bien que usted mantenga esos registros afectará directamente al programa de su patrocinador. Usted debe avisar a su patrocinador cuando haya algún problema con las comidas – por ejemplo, cuando la comida esté dañada o si hay demasiada o poca comida. Trabajar en colaboración con su patrocinador y seguir las pautas del programa le permitirán que su local proporcione comidas y bocadillos nutritivos para los niños en su vecindario durante los períodos de vacaciones escolares. \n \n Lo que usted puede esperar de su patrocinador \n \n Para mantener una buena relación, usted y su patrocinador deben estar claros sobre \nlas responsabilidades de cada uno. El patrocinador: \n \n• se encargará de todas las facturas y de la mayor parte del papeleo que tiene \nque ver con el funcionamiento del pr ograma. (Usted es responsable de \nmantener los registros de comidas que se sirvan en su local.) \n \n• fijará una sesión de adiestramiento para usted antes de que su local \nempiece a funcionar. \n \n• visitará su local antes de ser aprobado para cerciorarse que es apropiado \ny posiblemente solicitará las mejoras necesarias. \n \n 2 \n \n \n \n \n• le hará saber los tipos de comidas que se servirán en su local. \n \n• le informará si hay un número máximo de comidas que se pueden \nofrecer por cada tipo de servicio de comida. Si se hay niveles máximos establecidos en su local, su patrocinado no recibirá reembolso por las comidas que sobrepasen los niveles máximos aprobados. \n \n• le indicará qué hacer con las comidas que sobren. Usted y su \npatrocinador deben colaborar para asegurarse que cada niño reciba sólo una comida en cada servicio de comida y que no hay malgaste de comida. Su patrocinador le explicará si se puede permitir que los niños repitan. \n \n• le dará los formularios, o acceso a un sistema electrónico, para mantener \nun registro de las comidas servidas a diario. El patrocinador le explicará cuándo usted debe someter los formularios ya completos y cómo hacerlo. Por ejemplo, el monitor del local puede recoger los formularios o usted puede enviarlos por correo. Este registro es importante porque a su patrocinador le pagarán sólo por las comidas que su registro diario indique se sirvieron como la primera, y posiblemente, la segunda comida para los niños. Información que el adiestramiento abarcará: \n \n) el tipo de servicio de comidas (preparadas por usted u ordenadas) que su local \ntendrá; \n ) los tipos de comidas que su local servirá; \n ) el horario en que las comidas se recibirán y se servirán; \n ) cómo reconocer y servir una comida completa; \n ) el método adecuado para contar las comidas; \n ) el servicio de botar la basura; \n ) los requisitos para llevar los registros del servicio de comidas en su local; \n \n) nombre, teléfono, y horario de las personas a quien reportar problemas; \n ) normas locales de salud y sanidad pública; \n ) consideraciones sobre seguridad local; y \n ) la política de no-discriminación 3 \n• asignará un monitor que visitará su local para revisar el funcionamiento \ny para contestar cualquier pregunta que usted tenga. El monitor completará y hablará con usted sobre los formularios de revisión y puede proporcionar adiestramiento y guía en su local. \n \n• hará visitas periódicas sin aviso a su local. \n \n \n Algunas preguntas de la revisión \n \n) ¿Están los niños comiendo la comida completa en el local? \n \n) ¿Se está alimentado a adultos de la comunidad que no trabajan con el programa? \n \n) ¿Se están sirviendo a los niños todos los componentes de la comida como una unidad o se \nestán sirviendo de manera separada los componentes de la comida? \n \n) ¿Cumplen las comidas con los patrones de comi da que se encuentran en la página 8 de este \nmanual? \n \n) ¿Se sirven las comidas en su local sólo durante el horario asignado? \n \n) ¿Saben los niños dónde se servirán las comidas cuando haya mal tiempo? \n \n) ¿Está usted completando en su tota lidad los registros todos los días? \n \n) ¿Cuando se entregan las comidas, cuenta las comidas y se asegura que la fecha y hora \nregistrada son correctas antes de firmar el recibo de entrega? ¿Examina si hay comida \ndañada, si faltan componentes de la comida, o si las porciones son demasiado pequeñas? \n \n) ¿Es el recuento del monitor el mismo que el suyo? \n \n) ¿Qué hace usted con las comidas que sobran? \n \n) ¿Se sirven las porciones de repetición como comidas completas? \n \n) ¿Ajusta usted el número de comidas que prep ara u ordena según el núm ero de niños que van \nal local? \n \n) ¿Se sirven las comidas a todos los niños sin tene r en cuenta su raza, color, país de origen, \nsexo, edad, o discapacidad? 4• Proporcionará material informativo, traducido y según necesario, sobre las \ncomidas disponibles y beneficios nutricionales del programa. \n \n• Incluirá la declaración de no-discriminación, incluyendo cómo radicar una \nqueja, en cualquier información sobre el programa dirigida a los padres de niños participantes y posibles participantes. \n \n• Le proporcionará un cartel aprobado sobre no-discriminación para que lo \nexhiba en un lugar destacado en su local y le explicará que su local debe estar abierto para todos los niños que asistan, sin tener en cuenta su raza, color de la piel, país de origen, sexo, edad o discapacidad. \n \n• Anotará o le pedirá que usted anote el número de niños participantes por \ncategoría étnica/racial. \n \n• Le proporcionará la información y ayuda que usted necesite. Hágale saber \na su patrocinador o a su monitor cualquier problema que esté teniendo de manera que se pueda corregir rápidamente. \n \n Lo que usted debe hacer para su patrocinador \n \n Como supervisor del local, usted debe: \n• Asistir a la(s) sesión(es) de adiestramiento proporcionada(s) por su \npatrocinador. Usted tiene que asistir a la sesión antes de que su local empiece su operación de servicio de comida durante el verano. Una persona con adiestramiento sobre el programa tiene que estar presente en cada local cuando se sirvan las comidas. \n \n• Ordenar del patrocinador o preparar en su local sólo el número de comidas \nque necesita. Aún en los programas más cuidadosamente planificados, los locales ocasionalmente tienen más comidas que niños para comerlas. Averigüe con su patrocinador si se pueden ofrecer porciones de repetición y \nqué hacer con las comidas que sobran si es que usted ha pedido o ha preparado demasiadas comidas. Llame a su patrocinador para ajustar el número de comidas que le entregan si al término de los períodos de comidas usted tiene muchas comidas sobrantes o si no tiene suficientes comidas para servir a todos los niños. Si usted prepara las comidas en su local, haga planes para ajustar el número de comidas que prepara para satisfacer las necesidades de su local. \n \n• Consultar con su patrocinador para ver cómo se repartirán las comidas a su \nlocal. Generalmente, los proveedores y las compañías de administración de servicio de alimentos deben entregar cada comida en un solo paquete o unidad. Sólo se puede entregar la leche o el jugo en forma separada. Sin embargo, existen algunas excepciones. Su patrocinador le dirá si se ha aprobado alguna excepción para su local. \n 5• Contar el número de comidas que le entregan y revisarlas atentamente todos \nlos días. Las comidas recibidas de una cocina central también deben contarse y revisarse para tener una buena administración del programa. Es importante examinar la comida cuando llega para asegurarse que esté a la temperatura adecuada. Asegúrese tener termómetros disponibles para verificar la temperatura. Firme sólo estipulando el número de comidas aceptables entregadas y anote la hora de la entrega en el recibo. Si todo se ha entregado correctamente, firme el recibo. Si la entrega NO está correcta, NO firme el recibo sin anotar claramente en el recibo los problemas con la \nentrega en su local. Notifique inmediatamente a su patrocinador los problemas que tuvo ese día.\n \n \n• Guardar una copia del recibo de entrega c on su registro diario. El recibo de \nentrega deberá identificar el tipo de comida y el número de comidas que se entregó, la fecha y la hora de entrega, y coincidir con la comida del menú del día en que se hizo la entrega. Su patrocinador le hará saber cómo y cuándo someter los recibos y el registro diario a la oficina del patrocinador. Su patrocinador podría recogerlos o pedirle que los mande por correo. \n \n• Contar las comidas en un lugar del local donde pueda asegurarse que el \nrecuento de comidas es exacto. Al término de cada comida anote en el formulario de registro diario propor cionado por su patrocinador, el número \nde desayunos, almuerzos, bocadillos o cenas completas que usted sirvió como primera comida y como segunda comida. \n \n• Confirmar que las comidas servidas cumplan con los requisitos de los \npatrones de comidas. Los requisitos aplican a todas las comidas – aquellas preparadas en su local y aquellas entregadas por una compañía de administración de alimentos u otro proveedor. Comuníquese con su patrocinador cuando las comidas no cumplan con los patrones de comida que aparecen en esta guía. \n \n• Servir una comida completa a cada niño, a menos que su patrocinado le \nindique lo contrario. (Si usted tiene un patrocinador escolar, es posible que pueda usar “ofrecer versus servir” u “OVS”. Esto quiere decir que los niños no tienen que elegir cada uno de los componentes de la comida que se les ofrezca. En un servicio de comida “OVS”, usted tiene que ofrecer\n una \ncomida completa a cada niño, pero el niño puede rechazar uno o más de sus componentes. En un servicio de comida que no sea “OVS”, usted tiene que servir\n a cada niño la comida completa. Cada comida que usted sirva debe \ntener las porciones correctas de cada uno de los componentes incluidos en el patrón de comidas. \n \n• Servir sólo una comida a cada niño durante un servicio de comida. Después \nde que todos los niños reciban una comida completa, usted puede servir un número limitado de porciones de repetición si su patrocinador lo permite. \n \n• Asegurarse que los niños coman toda la comida en el local, a menos que el \npatrocinador permita que puedan sacar del local un pedazo de fruta o vegetal. Consulte con su patrocinador para averiguar si se permite esto. 6 \n• No permitir que los padres coman ninguna porción de la comida del (de los) \nniño(s). \n \n• Servir comidas a los niños de 18 años de edad o menores o a personas (de \ncualquier edad) con discapacidades físicas o mentales que participen en programas escolares especiales para las personas discapacitadas.\n \n \n• Nunca servir comida dañada ni comidas incompletas a los niños. Llame \ninmediatamente a su patrocinador si recibe comidas dañadas o incompletas de manera que su patrocinador, a su vez, pueda hacerle saber a las personas que corresponda. \n \n• Servir las comidas aprobadas en su local sólo durante las horas de comer \nasignadas por su patrocinador. Debido a que algunos locales están exentos de algunas de las siguientes limitaciones de horarios, asegúrese verificar lo siguiente con su patrocinador. \n \n¾ Le deben entregar las comidas como máximo 1 hora antes de la hora \nen que las va a servir si su local no tiene una nevera o lugares adecuados de almacenamiento. \n \n¾ Usted debe dejar transcurrir por lo menos 3 horas entre el inicio de un \nservicio de comida aprobado y el inicio del otro (desayuno, almuerzo, bocadillo y/o cena). \n \n¾ Si no sirve un bocadillo después del almuerzo y antes de la cena, \nentonces usted debe dejar transcurrir como mínimo 4 horas entre el almuerzo y la cena. \n \n¾ Usted debe empezar a servir la cena antes de las 7 p.m. y terminar a \nmás tardar a las 8 p.m. \n \n¾ El almuerzo o la cena no pueden durar más de 2 horas. Los servicios de \ndesayuno y de bocadillo no pueden durar más de 1 hora. \n \n• Servir las comidas a todos los niños que asistan sin tener en cuenta su raza, \ncolor de la piel, país de origen, sexo, edad o discapacidad. \n \n• Dar a todos los niños el mismo acceso a los servicios y facilidades en su local \nsin tener en cuenta su raza, color, país de origen, sexo, edad o discapacidad. \n \n• Exhibir en un lugar destacado un cartel de no-discriminación proporcionado \npor su patrocinador. Si su local está al aire libre, será necesario entrar y sacar el cartel todos los días o pegarlo a las unidades de enfriar o calentar. \n \n• A solicitud del público, poner a su disposición el material del programa \nproporcionado por su patrocinador. \n \n• Seguir las recomendaciones del monitor. 7 \n El primer día \n \n El primer día es muy importante. Es el momento en que usted les presenta a los \nniños el servicio de comidas de verano. Aunque los letreros y los carteles en el local le ayudarán tanto a los niños como a los adultos del vecindario a recordar las reglas, usted tiene que asegurarse que ellos entienden las reglas. Antes de la hora de comer el primer día de su programa tómese un tiempo para hablar con los niños sobre lo siguiente: \n \n• quiénes pueden comer en el local – los niños de 18 años o menores (u otras \npersonas que tengan una discapacidad física o mental y quienes participan en un programa escolar especial para personas discapacitadas); \n \n• cuándo se servirán las comidas; \n \n• dónde se servirán las comidas cuando haya mal tiempo ; \n \n• qué tipos de comidas se servirán ; y \n \n• el porqué las comidas deben consumirse en el local , (a menos que su \npatrocinador permita que saquen del local un pedazo de fruta o de vegetal). El objetivo es proteger la sanidad de la comida y evitar que los alimentos sean consumidos por otras personas fuera del programa. \n \n Requisitos del patrón de comidas \n \n Los requisitos del patrón de comidas garantizan comidas nutritivas y bien \nbalanceadas que proporcionan los tipos y las cantidades de alimentos que los niños necesitan para ayudar a satisfacer sus necesidades nutritivas y de energía. Usted debe asegurarse que las comidas que se sirvan en su local cumplan con los requisitos del patrón de comidas que aparece en la página siguiente. Compare los menús de las comidas que se servirán en su local con estos requisitos y aprenda a identificar las comidas incompletas. \n 8 \nContenido Requerido para el Reembolso: \nDesayuno Almuerzo o Cena Bocadillo \nUna porción de leche; \nUna porción de un vegetal o fruta o un jugo puro de fruta; y Una porción de cereal o pan. Una porción de carne o sustituto de carne es opcional. Una porción de leche; \nDos porciones o más de vegetales y/o frutas; Una porción de granos o pan; y Una porción de carne o sustituto de carne. Debe tener dos artículos \nde comida. Los artículos de comida deben ser de componentes diferentes. No se puede servir jugo cuando se sirve leche como el único otro componente. \n \n \n 9 Patrones Mandatorios para las Comidas de Verano \n \nComponentes de comida Desayuno Almuerzo o \nCena Bocadillo1 \n(Elija dos de \nlos cuatro) \nLeche \n \n Leche, líquida \n \n1 taza (8 onzas líquidas)2 \n \n1 taza (8 onzas líquidas)3 \n \n1 taza (8 onzas líquidas)2 \nVegetales y/o frutas \n \n Vegetal(es) y/o fruta(s) o puro jugo de vegetal o fruta o una cantidad equivalente de cualquier combinación de vegetal(es), fruta(s) y jugo \n \n½ taza \n \n½ taza (4 onzas líquidas) \n \n3/4 taza en total\n4 \n \n \n3/4 taza \n \n3/4 taza (onzas líquidas) \nGranos y panes5 \n \n Pan o Pan de maíz, panecitos, bollos, quequitos, etc. o Cereal seco frío o Tallarines o un producto similar cocidos o Cereal cocido o granos o una cantidad equivalente de cualquier combinación de granos/pan \n \n1 rebanada \n \n1 porción \n \n3/4 taza o 1 onza\n6 \n \n½ taza \n \n½ taza \n \n1 rebanada \n \n1 porción \n \n3/4 taza o 1 onza6 \n \n½ taza \n \n½ taza \n \n \n1 rebanada \n \n1 porción \n \n3/4 taza o 1 onza6 \n \n½ taza \n \n½ taza \n \n \nCarne y sustitutos de carne \n \n Carne sin grasa o ave o pescado o algún producto sustituto de proteína \n7 \n o Queso o Huevos o Frijoles o arvejas secos cocidos o Mantequilla de maní o mantequilla de nuez de soya u otras mantequillas de alguna nuez o semilla o Maní o nuez de soya o algún tipo de nuez o semilla o Yogurt, sin sabor o endulzado y con sabor o Una cantidad equivalente de cualquier combinación de las carnes/sustitutos de carne mencionadas anteriormente (Opcional) \n \n1 onza \n \n1 onza \n \n1/2 huevo grande \n \n¼ taza \n \n2 cucharadas \n \n1 onza \n \n4 onza o ½ taza \n \n2 onzas \n \n2 onzas \n \n1 huevo grande \n \n½ taza \n \n4 cucharadas \n \n1 onza = 50%\n8 \n \n8 onza o 1 taza \n \n \n \n1 onza \n \n1 onza \n \n1/2 huevo grande \n \n¼ taza \n \n2 cucharadas \n \n1 onza \n \n4 onza o ½ taza \n \n \nPara los propósitos de esta tabla, una taza quiere decir una medida estándar de taza. \n Las notas indicadas pueden encontrarse en la siguiente página. 10 \n \n \n Notas \n \n1. Servir dos artículos de comida. Cada artículo de comida debe ser de \nun diferente componente alimenticio. No se puede servir jugo cuando \nse sirve leche como el único otro componente. \n \n2. Se servirá como bebida o con el cereal o se usará parte de ella para \ncada uno de estos propósitos. \n \n3. Se servirá como bebida. \n \n4. Servir dos o más tipos de vegetal(es) y/o fruta(s) o una combinación \nde ambos. El jugo puro de vegetal o fruta sólo puede contarse para \nsatisfacer no más de la mitad de este requisito. \n \n5. Todos los artículos de granos/pan deben ser enriquecidos o de trigo \nentero, hechos de harina de trigo entero o de harina enriquecida o \nintegral o si es un cereal, el producto debe ser de todo el grano, \nenriquecido o fortificado. El salvado y los gérmenes se cuentan igual \nque la harina de trigo entero, enriquecida o integral. \n \n6. Ya sea el volumen (taza) o peso (onza) lo que sea menos. \n \n7. Debe cumplir con los requisitos en el Apéndice A de los reglamentos \ndel “SFSP”. \n \n8. No más del 50 por ciento de los requisitos se completarán con nueces \no semillas. Las nueces o semillas se combinarán con otra \ncarne/sustituto de carne para cumplir con el requisito. Para \ndeterminar las combinaciones, 1 onza de nueces o semillas es lo \nmismo que 1 onza de carne sin grasa, ave o pescado cocidos. 11 \n \n \nNormas para la Sanidad de Alimentos \n \n• Las bacterias se multiplican rápidamente entre los 40 ˚F y 140 ˚F, lo cual incluye la \ntemperatura del ambiente. Estas temperaturas abarcan la zona de peligro . \n• Evite mantener los alimentos en la zona de peligro . No mantega los alimentos entre \nestas temperaturas por más de 2 horas. Bote los alimentos si están más de 2 horas en la \nzona de peligro . \n• Si hay una demora en servir las comidas y leche, mantenga estos alimentos fríos en la \nnevera o heladera a una temperatura de 40 ˚F o menos. Ponga las comidas calientes en \nuna hornilla o una caja insulada para mantener la temperatura a 140 ˚F o más alta. \n• No es posible identificar los problema de sanidad de alimentos simplemente mirando, \noliendo, o probando la comida. Si tiene duda, bote los alimentos. \n• Adiestre los empleados a seguir las normas de sanidad de alimentos, a manejar todo tipo \nde equipo, y a mantener higiene personal. \n• Tenga disponible un exterminador de fuego y una caja primeros auxilios, y adiestre a los \nempleados a usarlos. \n \n Limpie, Separe, Cocine y Enfrie para mantener la sanidad de los alimentos. LIMPIE\n \n• Lave las manos frequentemente y correctamente por lo menos por 20 segundos con \njabón y agua caliente. Use un lavamanos separado del fregadero donde lava los alimentos, equipo y utencilios de cocina. Siempre lave las manos luego de tocar la cara o el pelo y de usar el baño. \n• Use toallas desechables para secar las manos y bótelas luego de cada uso. \n• Estornude or tosa sólo en papeles desechables y lave las manos luego. Si estornuda \nsobre la comida o en el área de preparar alimentos, bote la comida y desinfecte el área. \n• No permita que personas con resfriados u otras enfermedades contagiosas trabajen en la \npreparación de comidas. \n• Cortaduras de piel superficiales deben cubrirse con un vendaje y guante desechable. \n• No permita que personas con infecciones de piel o de herida preparen los alimentos. \n• Use guantes desechables correctamente. Lave las manos antes de ponerse los guantes y \nevite tocar el cuerpo, la nevera, las puertas del horno, los carritos, el dinero, y otros objectos o superficies sucias. Bote los guantes luego de usarlos o si toca cualquier cosa que no es comida. \n• Siga exactamente las instrucciones de uso y limpieza de equipo de cocina. \n• Mantenga todo equipo de cocina (tabla de co rtar, abridor de lata, triturador, máquina de \ncortar, etc.) y las superficies de trabajo limpias e higiénicas. Desinfecte el equipo y las superficies de trabajo cada vez que pasa a trabajar de alimentos crudos a alimentos cocinados. Consulte con el departamento local de salud sobre los desinfectantes que debe usar. \n• Use tablas de cortar plásticas. Tenga varias tablas de cortar para prevenir contaminación \ndurante la preparación de alimentos. \n• Bote la basura diariamente y mantenga los cubos de basura cerrados y limpios. Use 12bolsas plásticas o de papel para mantener los cubos de basura limpios. \n SEPARE\n \n• Evite la contaminación entre distintos tipos de alimentos. \n• Use utencilios apropiados para coger, preparar, y servir la comida. \n• Nunca toque la comida preparada sin la protección de guantes. \n• Si tiene que usar las manos para preperar la comida, utilice guantes desechables y no \ntoque nada sucio con los guantes. Bote los guantes después de usarlos o si toca cosas que no son comida. \n• Prepare los emparedados y ensaladas sin tocarlos excesivamente. \n• Para precaución, use dos tablas de cortar: una para las carnes, y otra para las frutas y \nvegetales. Use tablas de distintos colores para identificarlas fácilmente. \n• No permita que los liquidos de las carnes y pescados caigan sobre la comida preparada \n(ejemplo: ensaladas) en la nevera o durante la preparación de alimentos. \n• Guarde la comida preparada en la parte superior de la nevera y no debajo de la carne o \npescado crudo. \n \nCOCINE\n \n• Tenga termómetros disponible y úselos correctamente. Calibre los termómetros \nregularmente. \n• Use un termómetro para asegurarse que las carnes están cocinadas completamente. \n• Cocine la comida hasta que su interior alcance la temperatura mínima necesaria para \nevitar problemas de sanidad de alimentos. \n \nTemperatura Interna Mínima para Mantener la Sanidad de Alimentos \n(basado en 2005 FDA Food Code) \n \n165 ۫ F por 15 \nsegundos Aves (entera, presas, molida); pescado, cerdo, o carne de vaca \nrellenos; pasta rellena con huevo; rellenos; caserolas; sobras para recalentar \n155 ۫ F por 15 \nsegundos Carnes molidas (vaca, cordero, ternera, cerdo); huevos \npasteurizados en mesa de vapor; pedacitos de filete y pescado rebazado \n145 ۫ F por 15 \nsegundos Mariscos; filetes y asados de vaca, cerdo y ternera; huevos \ncocinados para servir de inmediato \n140 ۫ F por 15 \nsegundos Frutas y vegetales frescos, congelados, o enlatados para poner en \nla mesa de vapor o en una unidad de calentar \n \n \n• Cocine la comida completamente. Las bacterias se pueden multiplicar en los alimentos \nque sólo se han cocinado parcialmente. \n• Si no va a servir la comida caliente de inmediato, mantengala a una temperatura de 140 ۫ \nF o más alta. \n \nENFRIE \n• Mantenga FRIA la comida fría. (Pongala en la nevera para mantenerla a 40 ۫ F o menos) 13• La comida congelada debe mantenerse a 0 ۫ F o menos. \n• Para enfriar la comida caliente, baje la temperatura de la comida de 140 ۫ F a 70 ۫ F en 2 \nhoras. Si la temperatura no baja hasta los 70 ۫ F, tome otra medida para enfriar la comida \nde inmediato o bote la comida. Baje la temperatura de la comida de 70 ۫ F a 40 ۫ F en 4 \nhoras. NO ENFRIE LOS ALIMENTOS CALIENTES AL AIRE LIBRE. \n• La comida que sobra tiene que ser guardada en una vasija llana de dos pulgadas y puesta \nen la nevera o en el congelador. \n• Cantidades grandes de sopa, salsas, y vegetales deben ser divididas en varias vasijas para \nque se enfrien más rápido. Mueva la comida con una cuchara fría para refrescarla o ponga las vasijas en agua con hielo para acelerar el proceso de enfriar. \n• Separe las vasijas en la nevera para permitir la circulacion del aire frio. \n• Cuando la comida esté completamente fríia, cúbrala bien y ponga la fecha. \n• NO DESCONGELE COMIDA AL AIRE LIBRE. Desc ongele las aves y la carne en la \nnevera y no afuera en la mesa. El alimento se puede volver a congelar solo si le queda hielo en la superficie. \n \n \n \n \n 14 Visitantes oficiales \n \n De vez en cuando, es posible que a su local lleguen visitantes oficiales que \nquerrán hablar con usted acerca del servicio de comida. En la mayoría de los casos estas visitas llegan sin aviso previo. Estos individuos llevan identificación y usted puede pedir verla. Si usted tiene alguna duda, consulte con su patrocinador. Usted debe mantener un registro escrito de estas visitas para referencia y debe informar el resultado de todas las visitas y revisiones oficiales a su patrocinador. Además de los monitores de la oficina de su patrocinador, usted puede esperar visitas de representantes del departamento local de salud. La agencia estatal y el personal federal que administra “SFSP” también revisarán el programa. Todas estas personas querrán trabajar con usted y con su patrocinador para ayudar a garantizar una buena operación del servicio de comidas en su local. Recuerde, estos funcionarios anotarán cualquier problema que ellos observen. Es su responsabilidad asegurarse que el recuento suyo de las comidas sea igual al recuento de las personas que están haciendo la revisión (patrocinador, agencia estatal o federal) en su local. Si su recuento no es el mismo usted debe explicar en el registro de recuento de comidas el porqué ambos recuentos no son iguales. \n Debido a que es posible que su patrocinador no reciba pago por aquellas \ncomidas que usted sirva que no cumplan con los requisitos del programa, usted debe cerciorarse que su local cumpla con todos los requisitos y que cualquier problema se corrija inmediatamente. Si usted recibe un aviso de infracción de un monitor o de un representante del departamento de salud, tome medidas inmediatas para corregir la infracción e informe a su patrocinador. \n \n \n 15 Preguntas y respuestas \n Estas son preguntas que se hacen con frecuencia acerca del “SFSP”. Si usted \ntiene alguna otra pregunta, comuníquese con su patrocinador. Su patrocinador está allí para ayudarle a que su programa funcione bien. \n \n1. ¿Como supervisor del local, cuáles son algunas de mis \nresponsabilidades? \nUsted debe asistir a un programa de adiestramiento antes de abrir el \nlocal; usted debe pedir y recibir las comidas de su patrocinador; debe asegurarse recibir el número apropiado de comidas completas; y debe asegurarse que el número de comidas completas se sirve con la precaución debida a los niños de 18 años o menores. Usted también debe asegurarse que los niños coman las comidas en el local y que no se discrimina en contra de ningún niño. Usted debe mantener registros completos y precisos de las entregas, el recuento de comidas y otros papeles según sea necesario. \n \n 2. ¿Qué aprenderé durante mi sesión de adiestramiento? \nAlgunas de las cosas que usted aprenderá en el adiestramiento para \nsupervisores de locales son: los tipos de comidas que usted servirá y cómo servirlas adecuadamente; cómo contar las comidas que usted sirva; cómo mantener las normas locales de seguridad, precaución, salud y sanidad; y cómo mantener registros completos y precisos. \n \n 3. ¿Qué debo hacer si no llegan las comidas a mi local? \n Llame inmediatamente a su patrocinador y explique que usted no recibió \nlas comidas. El patrocinador notificará a las personas responsables de la entrega de las comidas. \n \n 4. ¿Qué debo hacer si las comidas llegan tarde? \n Primero, converse sobre el problema con el chofer y escriba una nota \nsobre el problema en el recibo de entrega. Si el problema persiste, llame a su patrocinador. \n \n 5. ¿Qué debo hacer si la comida está dañada? \n Si usted se da cuenta que cualquier comida se ha dañado antes de firmar \nel recibo, no la acepte. Si usted no se da cuenta que hay un problema hasta que está sirviendo la comida, detenga inmediatamente el servicio \nde comida y retire todas las comidas. Esta puede ser una situación muy \npeligrosa, no sirva ninguna porción de ninguna de las comidas. Llame inmediatamente al patrocinador. Deje que el patrocinador le avise al vendedor y alguien vendrá a recoger las comidas en mal estado. Este procedimiento se aplica incluso si sólo uno de los componentes de la comida se ha dañado. \n 16 \n 6. ¿Puedo servir comidas a adultos que estén trabajando con el \nprograma de comidas? \n \n Su patrocinador le dará instrucciones con respecto a las comidas de los \nadultos del personal. \n \n 7. ¿Puedo servir comidas a los adultos en la comunidad? \n \n Este programa es primordialmente para niños. Usted debe colocar \ncarteles en el local de manera que los adultos entiendan que el “SFSP” no es para ellos. Pregunte si hay programas de ayuda alimenticia en su área para adultos y envejecientes, y refiera a estas personas a otros lugares donde ellos puedan recibir comidas o alimentos. \n \n 8. ¿Qué debo hacer si adultos exigen comidas? \n \n Llame inmediatamente a su patrocinador. El patrocinador \nprobablemente enviará a alguien al local para bregar con el problema. \n \n 9. ¿Puedo servir porciones de repetición? \n \n Consulte con su patrocinador. Aún cuando su patrocinador le permita \nservir porciones de repetición usted debe hacer planes para servir sólo una comida completa por niño. Si aún con una buena planificación usted tiene comidas extras cuando la asistencia fluctúa, usted puede servir porciones de repetición de la comida si su patrocinador lo permite. Todas porciones de repetición que se sirvan deben ser comidas completas para que cuenten como comida que recibe reembolso. Siempre indique en su registro diario cuántas porciones de repetición sirvió. Debido a que existe un límite en el número de porciones de repetición que se pueden rembolsar, comuníquese con su patrocinador para hacer ajustes a su pedido de comidas si está recibiendo demasiadas comidas. Si usted prepara las comidas en su local, ajuste la cantidad de comida que prepara con el propósito de servir una comida por niño. \n \n 10. ¿Qué puedo hacer cuando un niño no quiere comer todos los \nelementos de su comida? \n \n Usted puede designar mesas o estaciones para compartir donde los niños \npuedan devolver los artículos enteros que decidan no comer, siempre que esto esté de acuerdo con los códigos locales y estatales de salud y sanidad. Excepto por las frutas y vegetales, la comida dejada en estas mesas no puede sacarse de su local y tiene que guardarse de igual manera que otras sobras de alimentos. 17 11. ¿Qué debo hacer si los niños no quieren comer en el local? \n Consulte con su patrocinador para averiguar si se puede sacar del local \nun pedazo de fruta o un vegetal. Si esto está permitido, asegúrese que los niños no estén sacando del local ningún otro componente de la comida. Si el patrocinador no permite que se saque del local ningún artículo de comida, dígale a los niños que ellos tienen que comer toda la comida en el local. Usted puede colocar carteles y si esto es algo que se repite, notifique a su patrocinador. \n \n12. ¿Cuáles son algunas de las normas de sanidad que debo tener en \ncuenta? \nMantenga caliente las comidas calientes y frías las comidas frías; guarde \nadecuadamente las sobras de comida; mantenga la leche a la temperatura adecuada antes de servirla; vacíe a diario los cubos de basura; tenga a mano un extinguidor de incendio y una caja de primeros auxilios; y adiestre a todo el personal del local sobre su uso. \n \n 13. ¿Qué debo hacer si sospecho que un niño tiene una enfermedad \ntransmitida por alimentos? \n Si usted sospecha alguna enfermedad transmitida por alimentos tome las \nsiguientes medidas. \n• Pare de servir el resto de la comida. \n• Obtenga la siguiente información: \n - nombre(s) del (de los) niño(s); - nombre(s) de uno o ambos padres o apoderado(s); - número telefónico de los padres o apoderado; - cuándo comió el niño la última vez (la fecha y la hora); - lo que el niño comió (incluya todo lo que comió); - averigüe si algo tenía mal gusto cuando lo comió; y - pregunte a qué hora el niño empezó a sentirse mal, incluyendo los \nsíntomas \n• Incluya información sobre los artículos de comida ingeridos. Guarde \ntodas las sobras de los alimentos sospechosos y marque \"NO USAR\". \n• Llame al Departamento de Salud local o estatal e infórmeles acerca \ndel incidente. Ellos le indicarán qué hacer para el (los) niño(s) y con los alimentos sospechosos. \n• Llame a su patrocinador para informarle acerca del incidente. \n \n 14. ¿Cómo le pagan a mi patrocinador por las comidas que sirvo? \n A los patrocinadores se les paga ya sea una cantidad determinada por comida \no el costo de la comida, lo que sea menos. A los patrocinadores se les paga de acuerdo a los registros diarios que usted mantiene que dan cuenta de todas las categorías de comida que usted sirve. Sus registros son la única base para demostrar el número de comidas que usted sirve. También son la única base para el reembolso para su patrocinador. 18Que hacer y no hacer \nHacer. . . \n \n& Preparar/ordenar sólo el número de comidas necesarias. \n \n& Contar las comidas a medida que las reciba. \n \n& Revisar las comidas para asegurarse que ha recibo todos los componentes del menú y que \nninguno de los componentes está malo o dañado. Anotar cualquier problema directamente en el \nrecibo de entrega y firmar el recibo. \n \n& Limpiar el local antes de servir la comida. \n \n& Exhibir el cartel aprobado sobre no-discriminación. \n \n& Servir la comida sólo durante el tiempo asignado. \n \n& Preparar y servir la comida de acuerdo con las normas locales y estatales de salubridad y \nseguridad. \n \n& Servir a los niños de manera organizada a las horas de comer. \n \n& Servir a cada niño todos los componentes del menú a la misma vez. \n \n& Contar y anotar el número de comidas a medida que se reparten. \n \n& Contar las comidas de repetición en forma sep arada si su patrocinador permite porciones de \nrepeticiones. Las porciones de repetición deben servirse como comidas completas. \n \n& Completar el registro diario de manera oport una. Guardar los registros en un lugar seguro lejos \nde los niños, los elementos climáticos y los animales. \n \n& En lo posible, organizar las actividades en el lo cal de manera que su pe rsonal y los niños tengan \ncosas interesantes que hacer cuando no sea hora de co mer. El aburrimiento y la ociosidad con \nfrecuencia resultan en cambios continuos del pers onal y cambios en la asistencia de los niños. \nCuando esto sucede es una desventaja para usted y para su local. \n \n& Planificar el tiempo de los miembros del pers onal de manera que pueda n sentarse con los niños \nmientras comen. \n \n& Estimular a los niños a probar alimentos nuevos. ¡Diviértase! \n \n& Limpiar el local después de la comida. 19 \n \n \n No hacer. . . \n \n' Servir porciones de repetición antes de servir a todos los niños en el local \nuna comida completa. \n \n' Servir las comidas sin todos los componentes, a menos que su local esté \naprobado para servir comidas de “oferta versus servicio” (“OVS”). \n \n' Servir comidas a los padres u otros adultos de la comunidad, a menos que \nsu patrocinador lo permita. \n \n' Permitir que cualquier parte de la comida se saque del local, a menos que \nsu patrocinador permita que se saque del local un pedazo de fruta o de \nvegetal. \n \n' Firmar los recibos de comida antes de contar y revisar detenidamente todas \nlas comidas. \n \n' Permitir discriminación en contra de cualquier niño debido a su raza, color \nde la piel, país de origen, sexo, edad o discapacidad. \n \n' Olvidar que una persona adiestrada en el funcionamiento del programa \nsupervise cada servicio de comida. \n \n' Dudar en llamar a su patrocinado si tiene inquietudes. 20Notas \n \n _________________________________________________________ Nombre y/o número del local: _________________________________________________________ Nombre del supervisor del local _________________________________________________________ Nombre del patrocinador _________________________________________________________ Representante del patrocinador _________________________________________________________ Dirección del patrocinador _________________________________________________________ Número telefónico del patrocinador Comentarios:___________________________________________________\n________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ \n "
} |
[
-0.05254697799682617,
0.045937735587358475,
0.03259273245930672,
0.03587185963988304,
0.08727187663316727,
-0.04180746525526047,
-0.021522674709558487,
0.11852512508630753,
0.021098043769598007,
0.002144414931535721,
-0.02246280200779438,
-0.05955160781741142,
-0.012906378135085106,
-0.024036522954702377,
-0.06453058123588562,
-0.0032363233622163534,
0.009383573196828365,
-0.10101389139890671,
-0.05884832143783569,
0.0244870875030756,
0.009897280484437943,
0.04092835634946823,
0.0067637828178703785,
0.002840024419128895,
-0.011752264574170113,
0.06901661306619644,
-0.030156509950757027,
0.05285942181944847,
0.0032403646036982536,
0.00889795646071434,
0.07735452800989151,
0.04895201325416565,
-0.00388512690551579,
-0.049265772104263306,
0.10214997828006744,
-0.0009468793869018555,
-0.05449053645133972,
0.013961768709123135,
-0.026522129774093628,
0.01699284464120865,
0.02329106815159321,
-0.04691914841532707,
-0.06478729099035263,
0.06178251653909683,
-0.015772920101881027,
-0.04464548081159592,
0.021461697295308113,
-0.03616766631603241,
-0.07838412374258041,
0.07968541234731674,
0.020422590896487236,
0.025711746886372566,
-0.001606765086762607,
0.01559115294367075,
-0.03785645216703415,
-0.09438622742891312,
-0.0006609216798096895,
-0.08496987819671631,
-0.045004986226558685,
0.03255116194486618,
-0.11636006832122803,
-0.019493313506245613,
0.025248592719435692,
0.002218970563262701,
0.04739706218242645,
0.07156933099031448,
0.009904906153678894,
-0.061621297150850296,
-0.021546151489019394,
-0.07745501399040222,
-0.010156002826988697,
-0.013397559523582458,
-0.002051707124337554,
0.027741720899939537,
0.03090120106935501,
0.05104079470038414,
0.0828782469034195,
0.10979869216680527,
0.11593803763389587,
-0.06345821171998978,
0.0316041000187397,
-0.011631789617240429,
0.03139663487672806,
0.008759009651839733,
0.013827871531248093,
0.012789594009518623,
0.012064551003277302,
0.09266620874404907,
0.021141454577445984,
0.06262176483869553,
0.08012490719556808,
-0.005060904659330845,
0.05457943677902222,
0.01293874904513359,
-0.006035813596099615,
0.018100330606102943,
0.00623323954641819,
0.03081250749528408,
-0.01479735504835844,
-0.02770277112722397,
0.03046688437461853,
-0.003666055854409933,
-0.10870383679866791,
-0.011144319549202919,
-0.06502275168895721,
-0.03421148657798767,
0.04236418008804321,
-0.004797512199729681,
0.0169033482670784,
0.06731068342924118,
0.053780753165483475,
-0.05565660074353218,
0.03211551904678345,
-0.06118576228618622,
0.030111126601696014,
-0.00282687833532691,
-0.042027153074741364,
0.011890926398336887,
0.14218325912952423,
-0.030555203557014465,
-0.0014003239339217544,
-0.04147013649344444,
-0.000297258491627872,
-0.022708341479301453,
0.02878984622657299,
0.027729494497179985,
-0.028390303254127502,
2.008264507454706e-33,
0.009102778509259224,
0.07641494274139404,
0.0236070454120636,
-0.09716848284006119,
-0.03514000028371811,
-0.03722146153450012,
0.04940507188439369,
0.09017088264226913,
0.053036488592624664,
0.009639679454267025,
-0.022325053811073303,
0.04209369793534279,
0.0021039885468780994,
0.006525587290525436,
-0.06812784820795059,
-0.051844216883182526,
0.020189104601740837,
0.04779938608407974,
-0.0672101378440857,
-0.004052965436130762,
-0.05343802273273468,
-0.1186235100030899,
-0.003724221605807543,
0.053535401821136475,
-0.0268500167876482,
0.10046500712633133,
-0.04063163697719574,
0.003964354284107685,
0.010024425573647022,
0.0062851691618561745,
0.03048039600253105,
-0.011786043643951416,
0.05984826013445854,
-0.029980802908539772,
-0.039122384041547775,
0.022723140195012093,
-0.03214854374527931,
0.06637997180223465,
-0.06766369938850403,
-0.013894503936171532,
-0.04783285781741142,
0.10247540473937988,
0.06265164166688919,
-0.003173542208969593,
0.032225124537944794,
-0.062052782624959946,
0.0034057223238050938,
0.04246114566922188,
-0.04612059146165848,
-0.002955909352749586,
-0.08559559285640717,
-0.04173774644732475,
-0.062381088733673096,
0.06951567530632019,
-0.02662028558552265,
-0.010426141321659088,
-0.07236986607313156,
-0.05510462820529938,
0.07563165575265884,
0.05310998484492302,
0.03153664246201515,
0.0727815181016922,
-0.05495470389723778,
0.0786634013056755,
0.025454822927713394,
0.028260737657546997,
-0.023229483515024185,
-0.01308844331651926,
0.012164157815277576,
0.08120463043451309,
0.05872850865125656,
-0.053159408271312714,
0.03324536234140396,
0.031108368188142776,
-0.044653601944446564,
-0.02193262241780758,
0.031506091356277466,
-0.00905622448772192,
0.039131954312324524,
0.03887706995010376,
0.009118798188865185,
-0.049463313072919846,
0.03614288941025734,
-0.003669892670586705,
0.019094549119472504,
-0.011097840964794159,
0.010884825140237808,
0.047575704753398895,
-0.12496485561132431,
0.07284121215343475,
0.053313735872507095,
-0.06546091288328171,
-0.022873669862747192,
0.029219934716820717,
-0.006441682111471891,
-2.1332261691028385e-33,
0.0754031166434288,
0.03626697137951851,
0.001803792198188603,
-0.07494950294494629,
0.01907137967646122,
0.01929558999836445,
0.052689291536808014,
-0.005637504160404205,
0.07261765003204346,
-0.012265541590750217,
-0.03117079846560955,
0.003399323206394911,
0.010272213257849216,
0.06915555149316788,
-0.006242048926651478,
-0.057501859962940216,
-0.07790867984294891,
0.038179609924554825,
-0.013545832596719265,
0.06508989632129669,
-0.027268949896097183,
0.01312331110239029,
-0.03385178744792938,
0.06427405774593353,
-0.057308048009872437,
0.07380302250385284,
0.011450594291090965,
-0.01699850708246231,
0.006332904100418091,
-0.034703243523836136,
-0.05149221047759056,
0.019095731899142265,
-0.1056239977478981,
0.0608523003757,
-0.0842997133731842,
-0.03403625637292862,
0.08353613317012787,
0.023219412192702293,
-0.03753785416483879,
-0.05972430482506752,
0.0011992562795057893,
0.013330415822565556,
-0.05381612107157707,
0.05537407845258713,
-0.002217287430539727,
0.028979375958442688,
-0.009503287263214588,
-0.05667784810066223,
0.03885897621512413,
0.024495821446180344,
-0.025393132120370865,
0.0006089246016927063,
-0.06323166191577911,
0.08170298486948013,
-0.044093236327171326,
-0.00519966334104538,
0.06363984942436218,
-0.06992374360561371,
-0.03447878360748291,
-0.044523876160383224,
0.11396181583404541,
0.13256485760211945,
-0.009360859170556068,
0.027368010953068733,
0.0036765928380191326,
-0.030053088441491127,
0.07482542842626572,
-0.035102345049381256,
0.018746791407465935,
-0.04168781265616417,
-0.052209727466106415,
-0.06673388928174973,
-0.04864518716931343,
-0.10106835514307022,
0.03025124967098236,
0.05383426323533058,
-0.01550761517137289,
-0.047539371997117996,
-0.03878525644540787,
0.012411263771355152,
-0.06663307547569275,
-0.03664392977952957,
-0.07366939634084702,
0.030859222635626793,
-0.04848237335681915,
-0.03642725944519043,
0.1049964427947998,
-0.047595735639333725,
-0.027360498905181885,
0.16163913905620575,
-0.06238950788974762,
0.00697057181969285,
-0.02821406163275242,
0.08764194697141647,
-0.01308350171893835,
-5.932606583769484e-8,
0.0010718033881857991,
-0.002062822226434946,
0.01284991204738617,
-0.02897103875875473,
0.008788511157035828,
-0.02567262202501297,
0.035931296646595,
0.02924543060362339,
-0.04019792377948761,
0.03927316889166832,
0.10337146371603012,
0.04353164881467819,
-0.009128253906965256,
0.02937123365700245,
-0.050217773765325546,
-0.06157395988702774,
0.021565735340118408,
0.00641080504283309,
-0.03708910197019577,
-0.04567553475499153,
-0.09369295835494995,
0.020905764773488045,
-0.0027765186969190836,
-0.05055953562259674,
0.007393808104097843,
-0.017630111426115036,
0.03699534013867378,
0.09124675393104553,
0.058244239538908005,
-0.009950412437319756,
-0.08310502022504807,
0.026085931807756424,
0.023283418267965317,
-0.03280920535326004,
0.009491806849837303,
-0.061326511204242706,
-0.005117404740303755,
-0.01976175606250763,
-0.011344990693032742,
0.015098964795470238,
-0.04030357301235199,
0.0045484621077775955,
-0.04808016121387482,
0.0022827787324786186,
0.09285595268011093,
-0.023545892909169197,
-0.19808714091777802,
-0.04501616582274437,
-0.009683865122497082,
-0.11730819195508957,
0.07703142613172531,
-0.025276606902480125,
-0.023589035496115685,
0.04909157380461693,
-0.0015860891435295343,
0.07430548220872879,
-0.035268910229206085,
-0.016543015837669373,
-0.0440722331404686,
0.004640067927539349,
0.10230818390846252,
-0.12363748997449875,
-0.024633385241031647,
-0.05121884495019913
] | {
"pdf_file": "MQEBFDFL5UXUNOUE3E336V4RPBSQS6F6.pdf",
"text": "8251 Federal Register / Vol. 74, No. 35 / Tuesday, February 24, 2009 / Notices \ninformation; and transmit or otherwise \ndisclose the information. \nRespondents/Affected Entities: \nEntities potentially affected by this action are contractors involved with Emergency Response that have significant security concerns, as determined by the Contracting Officer on a case-by-case basis, to provide qualified personnel that meet the drug testing requirements developed by EPA. \nEstimated Number of Respondents: \n450. \nFrequency of Response: On occasion. \nEstimated Total Annual Hour Burden: \n450. \nEstimated Total Annual Cost: $70,686 \nwhich includes $0 annual capital/ startup and O&M costs. \nChanges in the Estimates: There is no \nchange in the estimated burden currently identified in the OMB Inventory of Approved ICR Burdens. \nDated: February 18, 2009. \nJohn Moses, Acting Director, Collection Strategies \nDivision. \n[FR Doc. E9–3908 Filed 2–23–09; 8:45 am] \nBILLING CODE 6560–50–P \nENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION \nAGENCY \n[EPA–HQ–OAR–2005–0121; FRL–8775–9] \nAgency Information Collection Activities; Submission to OMB for Review and Approval; Comment Request; Exclusion Determinations for New Non-road Spark-Ignited Engines, New Non-road Compression-Ignited Engines and New On-Road Heavy Duty Engines (Renewal); EPA ICR No. 1852.04, OMB Control No. 2060–0395 \nAGENCY : Environmental Protection \nAgency (EPA). \nACTION : Notice. \nSUMMARY : In compliance with the \nPaperwork Reduction Act (PRA)(44 U.S.C. 3501 et seq. ), this document \nannounces that an Information Collection Request (ICR) has been forwarded to the Office of Management and Budget (OMB) for review and approval. This is a request to renew an existing approved collection. The ICR, which is abstracted below, describes the nature of the information collection and its estimated burden and cost. \nDATES : Additional comments may be \nsubmitted on or before March 26, 2009. \nADDRESSES : Submit your comments, \nreferencing Docket ID No. EPA–HQ– OAR–2005–0121, to (1) EPA online using http://www.regulations.gov (our \npreferred method), by e-mail to a-and- r-docket@epa.gov, or by mail to: EPA \nDocket Center, Environmental Protection Agency, Air and Radiation Docket and Information Center (2282T), 1200 Pennsylvania Ave., NW., Washington, DC 20460, and (2) OMB by mail to: Office of Information and Regulatory Affairs, Office of Management and Budget (OMB), Attention: Desk Officer for EPA, 725 17th Street, NW., Washington, DC 20503. \nFOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT : \nNydia Reyes-Morales (6405J), Environmental Protection Agency, 1200 Pennsylvania Ave., NW., Washington, DC 20460; telephone number: 202–343– 9264; fax number: 202–343–2804; e-mail address: reyes-morales.nydia@epa.gov. \nSUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION : EPA has \nsubmitted the following ICR to OMB for review and approval according to the procedures prescribed in 5 CFR 1320.12. On June 30, 2008 (73 FR 36863), EPA sought comments on this ICR pursuant to 5 CFR 1320.8(d). EPA received no comments. Any additional comments on this ICR should be submitted to EPA and OMB within 30 days of this notice. \nEPA has established a public docket \nfor this ICR under Docket ID No. EPA– HQ–OAR–2005–0121, which is available for online viewing at http:// \nwww.regulations.gov, or in person \nviewing at the Air and Radiation Docket in the EPA Docket Center (EPA/DC), EPA West, Room 3334, 1301 Constitution Ave., NW., Washington, DC. The EPA/DC Public Reading Room is open from 8:30 a.m. to 4:30 p.m., Monday through Friday, excluding legal holidays. The telephone number for the Reading Room is 202–566–1744, and the telephone number for the Air and Radiation Docket is 202–566–1742. \nUse EPA’s electronic docket and \ncomment system at http:// \nwww.regulations.gov, to submit or view \npublic comments, access the index listing of the contents of the docket, and to access those documents in the docket that are available electronically. Once in the system, select ‘‘docket search,’’ then key in the docket ID number identified above. Please note that EPA’s policy is that public comments, whether submitted electronically or in paper, will be made available for public viewing at http://www.regulations.gov \nas EPA receives them and without change, unless the comment contains copyrighted material, confidential business information (CBI), or other information whose public disclosure is restricted by statute. For further information about the electronic docket, go to http://www.regulations.gov. Title: Exclusion Determinations for \nNew Non-road Spark-Ignited Engines, New Non-road Compression-Ignited Engines and New On-Road Heavy Duty Engines (Renewal). \nICR numbers: EPA ICR No. 1852.04, \nOMB Control No. 2060–0395. \nICR Status: This ICR is scheduled to \nexpire on February 28, 2009. Under OMB regulations, the Agency may continue to conduct or sponsor the collection of information while this submission is pending at OMB. An Agency may not conduct or sponsor, and a person is not required to respond to, a collection of information, unless it displays a currently valid OMB control number. The OMB control numbers for EPA’s regulations in title 40 of the CFR, after appearing in the Federal Register \nwhen approved, are listed in 40 CFR part 9, and are displayed either by publication in the Federal Register or \nby other appropriate means, such as on the related collection instrument or form, if applicable. The display of OMB control numbers in certain EPA regulations is consolidated in 40 CFR part 9. \nAbstract: Under the provisions of the \nClean Air Act (Act), the Administrator is required to promulgate regulations to control air pollutant emissions from ‘‘motor vehicles’’ and ‘‘non-road engines,’’ as defined in the Act. Motor vehicles and non-road engines not meeting the applicable definitions are excluded from compliance with current regulations. \nA manufacturer may make an \nexclusion determination by itself; however, manufacturers and importers may routinely request EPA to make such determination to ensure that their determination does not differ from the \nAgency’s. To request an exclusion determination, manufacturers submit a letter with a description of the engine and/or vehicle (engine type, horsepower rating, intended usage etc.) and sales brochures to EPA. EPA uses this information to determine whether the engine or vehicle is excluded from compliance with one or more emission regulations. EPA then stores the data in its internal files, and makes it available to environmental groups and the public upon request under the Freedom of Information Act. \nBurden Statement: The annual public \nreporting and recordkeeping burden for this collection of information is estimated to average 6 hours per response. Burden means the total time, effort, or financial resources expended by persons to generate, maintain, retain, or disclose or provide information to or for a Federal agency. This includes the time needed to review instructions; \nVerDate Nov<24>2008 17:23 Feb 23, 2009 Jkt 217001 PO 00000 Frm 00023 Fmt 4703 Sfmt 4703 E:\\FR\\FM\\24FEN1.SGM 24FEN1mstockstill on PROD1PC66 with NOTICES 8252 Federal Register / Vol. 74, No. 35 / Tuesday, February 24, 2009 / Notices \ndevelop, acquire, install, and utilize \ntechnology and systems for the purposes of collecting, validating, and verifying information, processing and maintaining information, and disclosing and providing information; adjust the existing ways to comply with any previously applicable instructions and requirements which have subsequently changed; train personnel to be able to respond to a collection of information; search data sources; complete and review the collection of information; and transmit or otherwise disclose the information. \nRespondents/Affected Entities: Light \nTruck and Utility Vehicle Manufacturers; Heavy Duty Truck Manufacturers; Gasoline Engine and Engine Parts Manufacturers; Construction Machinery Manufacturers; Industrial Truck, Tractor, Trailer, and Stacker Machinery Manufacturers; Marine Engine Manufacturers; Other Engine Equipment Manufacturers. \nEstimated Number of Respondents: \n12. \nFrequency of Response: Annual and \nOn Occasion. \nEstimated Total Annual Hour Burden: \n69. \nEstimated Total Annual Cost: $6,254, \nwhich includes $116 annualized capital or O&M costs. \nChanges in the Estimates: There is no \nchange in the total estimated burden currently identified in the OMB Inventory of Approved ICR Burdens. \nDated: February 18, 2009. \nJohn Moses, Acting Director, Collection Strategies \nDivision. \n[FR Doc. E9–3909 Filed 2–23–09; 8:45 am] \nBILLING CODE 6560–50–P \nENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION \nAGENCY \n[EPA–HQ–OAR–2003–0039; FRL–8775–4] \nAgency Information Collection Activities; Proposed Collection; Comment Request; Reporting and Recordkeeping Requirements of the HCFC Allowance System; EPA ICR No. 2014.03 OMB Control No. 2060–0498 \nAGENCY : Environmental Protection \nAgency (EPA). \nACTION : Notice. \nSUMMARY : In compliance with the \nPaperwork Reduction Act (PRA) (44 U.S.C. 3501 et seq. ), this document \nannounces that EPA is planning to submit a request to renew an existing approved Information Collection Request (ICR) to the Office of Management and Budget (OMB). This \nICR is scheduled to expire on July 31, 2009. Before submitting the ICR to OMB for review and approval, EPA is soliciting comments on specific aspects of the proposed information collection as described below. \nDATES : Comments must be submitted on \nor before April 27, 2009. \nADDRESSES : Submit your comments, \nidentified by Docket ID No. EPA–HQ– OAR–2003–0039 by one of the following methods: \n•http://www.regulations.gov : Follow \nthe on-line instructions for submitting comments. \n•E-mail: a-and-r-docket@epa.gov. \n•Fax: 202–566–9744. \n•Mail: 1200 Pennsylvania Ave, NW., \nMailcode 2822T, Washington DC 20460. \n•Hand Delivery: 1301 Constitution \nAve, NW., Room 3334, EPA West Building, Washington, DC 20004. Such deliveries are only accepted during the Docket’s normal hours of operation, and special arrangements should be made for deliveries of boxed information. \nInstructions: Direct your comments to \nDocket ID No. EPA–HQ–OAR–2003– 0039. EPA’s policy is that all comments received will be included in the public docket without change and may be made available online at http:// \nwww.regulations.gov , including any \npersonal information provided, unless the comment includes information claimed to be Confidential Business Information (CBI) or other information whose disclosure is restricted by statute. Do not submit information that you consider to be CBI or otherwise protected through www.regulations.gov or e-mail. The http:// \nwww.regulations.gov Web site is an \n‘‘anonymous access’’ system, which means EPA will not know your identity or contact information unless you provide it in the body of your comment. If you send an e-mail comment directly to EPA without going through http:// \nwww.regulations.gov , your e-mail \naddress will be automatically captured and included as part of the comment that is placed in the public docket and made available on the Internet. If you submit an electronic comment, EPA recommends that you include your name and other contact information in the body of your comment and with any disk or CD–ROM you submit. If EPA cannot read your comment due to technical difficulties and cannot contact you for clarification, EPA may not be able to consider your comment. Electronic files should avoid the use of special characters, any form of encryption, and be free of any defects or viruses. For additional information about EPA’s public docket visit the EPA \nDocket Center homepage at http:// \nwww.epa.gov/epahome/dockets.htm . \nFOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT : \nRobert Burchard, Office of Air and Radiation, 6205J, Environmental Protection Agency, 1200 Pennsylvania Ave., NW., Washington, DC 20460; telephone number: (202) 343–9126; fax number: (202) 343–2208 ; email address: burchard.robert@epa.gov . \nSUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION : \nHow Can I Access the Docket and/or \nSubmit Comments? \nEPA has established a public docket \nfor this ICR under Docket ID No. EPA– HQ–OAR–2003–0039, which is available for online viewing at http:// \nwww.regulations.gov , or in person \nviewing at the Air and Radiation Docket in the EPA Docket Center (EPA/DC), EPA West, Room 3334, 1301 Constitution Ave., NW., Washington, DC. The EPA/DC Public Reading Room is open from 8:30 a.m. to 4:30 p.m., Monday through Friday, excluding legal holidays. The telephone number for the Reading Room is 202–566–1744, and the telephone number for the Air and Radiation Docket is 202–566–1742. \nUse http://www.regulations.gov to \nobtain a copy of the draft collection of information, submit or view public comments, access the index listing of the contents of the docket, and to access those documents in the public docket that are available electronically. Once in the system, select ‘‘search,’’ then key in the docket ID number identified in this document. \nWhat Information is EPA Particularly \nInterested in? \nPursuant to section 3506(c)(2)(A) of \nthe PRA, EPA specifically solicits comments and information to enable it to: \n(i) Evaluate whether the proposed \ncollection of information is necessary for the proper performance of the functions of the Agency, including whether the information will have practical utility; \n(ii) Evaluate the accuracy of the \nAgency’s estimate of the burden of the proposed collection of information, including the validity of the methodology and assumptions used; \n(iii) Enhance the quality, utility, and \nclarity of the information to be collected; and \n(iv) Minimize the burden of the \ncollection of information on those who are to respond, including through the use of appropriate automated electronic, mechanical, or other technological collection techniques or other forms of \nVerDate Nov<24>2008 17:23 Feb 23, 2009 Jkt 217001 PO 00000 Frm 00024 Fmt 4703 Sfmt 4703 E:\\FR\\FM\\24FEN1.SGM 24FEN1mstockstill on PROD1PC66 with NOTICES"
} |
[
-0.040904123336076736,
0.04115213453769684,
-0.047991104423999786,
-0.02865157276391983,
-0.04354790598154068,
0.1047833040356636,
-0.03357234224677086,
0.021245647221803665,
-0.063416488468647,
0.023078158497810364,
-0.003927525132894516,
-0.05967431887984276,
-0.013709954917430878,
-0.03918881714344025,
-0.07890522480010986,
0.024972671642899513,
0.03438129648566246,
-0.007843954488635063,
-0.01700182631611824,
0.038887616246938705,
0.02812100201845169,
0.005055562127381563,
0.024319998919963837,
-0.0890718400478363,
-0.008466134779155254,
-0.033210448920726776,
0.011575802229344845,
0.007341555319726467,
-0.04514986276626587,
-0.047853708267211914,
0.049685508012771606,
-0.0010875497246161103,
0.020115237683057785,
0.027222439646720886,
0.1673835664987564,
-0.009223833680152893,
-0.04249008372426033,
0.006151351612061262,
0.021880075335502625,
0.026245377957820892,
0.001599687384441495,
-0.11124718934297562,
0.02280016802251339,
-0.008159784600138664,
-0.02037251926958561,
-0.09492834657430649,
-0.006510489620268345,
0.03827085345983505,
0.010387237183749676,
0.017301136627793312,
-0.09148136526346207,
-0.06650355458259583,
-0.06156935915350914,
0.04079582542181015,
-0.054967205971479416,
-0.057077858597040176,
0.016886455938220024,
0.00275327917188406,
-0.015426285564899445,
-0.0014867502031847835,
-0.02707609347999096,
-0.015441367402672768,
-0.03410237655043602,
0.03698403760790825,
0.010278160683810711,
0.041625406593084335,
-0.08876609802246094,
0.02229628711938858,
-0.03702809661626816,
-0.08549460768699646,
-0.030993841588497162,
0.00778564577922225,
-0.08279825747013092,
0.0007417646120302379,
-0.07068537920713425,
-0.046157196164131165,
-0.02080061100423336,
0.043404243886470795,
0.0394352488219738,
-0.07272028923034668,
0.0049838712438941,
-0.08527825027704239,
-0.14325332641601562,
0.054643891751766205,
-0.05770175904035568,
-0.01984602026641369,
-0.05873609334230423,
-0.02552354335784912,
0.011831692419946194,
-0.019391603767871857,
0.04431844875216484,
-0.01792997308075428,
-0.029497524723410606,
-0.03686964884400368,
-0.03324372321367264,
-0.04278143495321274,
-0.0576900951564312,
-0.0314667783677578,
0.05507856234908104,
0.02717922441661358,
-0.020936597138643265,
-0.1067182868719101,
-0.008753291331231594,
-0.006983108818531036,
-0.05835847929120064,
-0.1078650951385498,
-0.006402565166354179,
0.027666747570037842,
-0.07214875519275665,
0.004214032553136349,
-0.06939485669136047,
0.03308869153261185,
-0.11073651909828186,
-0.043323952704668045,
0.01898687519133091,
0.00222697202116251,
-0.038787588477134705,
0.04657572880387306,
-0.015581363812088966,
-0.08594661951065063,
-0.008792642503976822,
0.07260437309741974,
-0.13463833928108215,
-0.12168776243925095,
-0.1383848637342453,
-0.07512722164392471,
0.0121326157823205,
4.733253634544685e-33,
0.01140892505645752,
0.007114029955118895,
0.013254668563604355,
0.06638823449611664,
0.099476158618927,
0.058751046657562256,
0.04416836053133011,
0.013915136456489563,
-0.031113142147660255,
-0.020718533545732498,
-0.022421974688768387,
-0.02893509529531002,
0.01691867597401142,
-0.06497233361005783,
-0.1344461888074875,
-0.00016191053146030754,
-0.06008545309305191,
0.06943289190530777,
-0.10702522844076157,
0.02674386277794838,
0.0346490778028965,
-0.003656662767753005,
0.0018312210449948907,
0.10061860829591751,
0.01145575288683176,
-0.0848289430141449,
0.005774538964033127,
-0.01690506935119629,
-0.003803950734436512,
-0.005972990300506353,
0.06836406141519547,
0.02354983426630497,
0.0607779286801815,
-0.05989459902048111,
0.10151783376932144,
-0.013413420878350735,
0.019994279369711876,
-0.03440957888960838,
0.049164604395627975,
0.035126958042383194,
-0.05121054872870445,
0.015086697414517403,
0.06389184296131134,
0.05088694021105766,
0.0499444305896759,
0.015044672414660454,
-0.00003615253444877453,
-0.0058759343810379505,
0.07702072709798813,
0.017680365592241287,
0.02059909887611866,
-0.0363536961376667,
-0.021582894027233124,
-0.010609455406665802,
0.004996090196073055,
-0.013578043319284916,
-0.03900821879506111,
-0.002026354894042015,
0.013513484038412571,
-0.0362417995929718,
0.05459771677851677,
0.0720544308423996,
-0.06382238119840622,
-0.06442735344171524,
-0.04276333749294281,
-0.11950317770242691,
0.025270570069551468,
-0.04262038320302963,
0.08519648760557175,
-0.08680424839258194,
0.03627045825123787,
0.014483225531876087,
0.10248392075300217,
0.035615261644124985,
-0.02003377676010132,
-0.002580580534413457,
-0.05334005132317543,
0.01726481132209301,
0.002210287842899561,
-0.009436330758035183,
-0.04140808805823326,
-0.01273986604064703,
-0.0313347764313221,
-0.010425092652440071,
0.05418609827756882,
-0.01815648563206196,
0.0013472054852172732,
-0.1243533194065094,
-0.05989326164126396,
0.004878640174865723,
-0.057344213128089905,
0.003508513094857335,
-0.05320443585515022,
0.03936665505170822,
0.03418600931763649,
-1.2948518431528748e-32,
0.010310731828212738,
-0.11469708383083344,
-0.00893374253064394,
-0.01140406634658575,
0.010477269999682903,
0.042428381741046906,
0.042999640107154846,
0.017501655966043472,
0.03157884255051613,
0.014782164245843887,
-0.029411224648356438,
-0.03823898360133171,
0.036932334303855896,
-0.02237945981323719,
-0.08793474733829498,
0.007890526205301285,
-0.019144589081406593,
0.011293337680399418,
-0.08197279274463654,
0.053259819746017456,
0.026867656037211418,
0.06133114546537399,
0.055661045014858246,
0.07901862263679504,
0.02460990659892559,
-0.03700518235564232,
0.009178964421153069,
-0.06960666179656982,
-0.021122053265571594,
0.019581958651542664,
-0.043651334941387177,
-0.054461680352687836,
-0.0652058944106102,
0.07263820618391037,
-0.07263702899217606,
-0.07803182303905487,
0.1214449480175972,
-0.037189166992902756,
0.0328357107937336,
0.029760310426354408,
0.14544640481472015,
-0.013212982565164566,
0.0028065424412488937,
0.06584499776363373,
0.01783805340528488,
-0.0906137004494667,
-0.030973969027400017,
-0.11297197639942169,
-0.0253463052213192,
-0.023847730830311775,
-0.07048522680997849,
-0.07318256795406342,
-0.013775178231298923,
0.011033384129405022,
0.04818310588598251,
0.023179901763796806,
0.04192502051591873,
-0.0896172896027565,
-0.05213259533047676,
0.002642578212544322,
0.07150556892156601,
0.10669977962970734,
-0.013429300859570503,
0.0378362201154232,
0.07278706878423691,
-0.03268081694841385,
-0.014242688193917274,
-0.03797413781285286,
-0.06610194593667984,
-0.013455466367304325,
-0.05072047561407089,
-0.055820684880018234,
-0.0058029028587043285,
-0.052840832620859146,
-0.009907935746014118,
0.07402025908231735,
-0.0021052351221442223,
0.06348257511854172,
-0.07757236808538437,
0.035182803869247437,
-0.08855907618999481,
0.026258323341608047,
-0.020349308848381042,
0.0058912113308906555,
-0.02980896085500717,
0.047193415462970734,
0.04837655648589134,
-0.07530636340379715,
-0.039116568863391876,
-0.021832942962646484,
-0.10853328555822372,
-0.03716688230633736,
0.11278071999549866,
-0.0322188138961792,
0.004954733420163393,
-5.8605085229146425e-8,
-0.010397670790553093,
-0.015523801557719707,
0.03533008322119713,
0.028775084763765335,
0.009315265342593193,
-0.06351067870855331,
0.0017545089358463883,
-0.04016292467713356,
0.03430882468819618,
-0.024367811158299446,
-0.03115137666463852,
-0.041725944727659225,
-0.010626295581459999,
-0.009654332883656025,
0.013384127989411354,
0.003957973327487707,
0.027979645878076553,
0.04457766190171242,
-0.028798358514904976,
-0.05568890646100044,
0.017652058973908424,
-0.001042857184074819,
0.028069887310266495,
0.022710684686899185,
0.0137161361053586,
0.03171767666935921,
-0.059294503182172775,
0.008958282880485058,
0.07792900502681732,
0.04095727205276489,
-0.005462910048663616,
-0.008630321361124516,
-0.0036860189866274595,
-0.036401037126779556,
-0.019610054790973663,
0.0008927174494601786,
-0.007318855728954077,
-0.04794682189822197,
0.037423066794872284,
0.013897647149860859,
-0.039046164602041245,
0.01087258942425251,
0.03472854569554329,
0.04700490087270737,
0.12891601026058197,
-0.03788864240050316,
-0.013068415224552155,
0.031410716474056244,
-0.018250705674290657,
0.013029957190155983,
-0.08023609220981598,
-0.04889173433184624,
-0.02152284048497677,
-0.029155924916267395,
-0.040670108050107956,
0.04453248530626297,
0.0650036484003067,
0.09517105668783188,
-0.0035273099783807993,
0.004829119425266981,
0.03718191385269165,
0.008568994700908661,
-0.026953335851430893,
0.11131845414638519
] | {
"pdf_file": "UFTWPHWPAMA7G4B6F5SMUFNA3HU6H5UW.pdf",
"text": "UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT\nDISTRICT OF SOUTH CAROLINA\nApplication for Mediators\nPlease complete the entire application, using additional paper if necessary. You may also attach a resume.\nName: _______________________________________________________________________________________\nFirm or Office Name : ___________________________________________________________________________\nOffice Address:\n_________________________________________________________________\n__________ _________________\nOffice Phone: _____________________________ Office \nFax: ________________ ________________________\nE-mail Address: _______________________________________________________________________________\nADMISSIONS AND AFFILIATIONS\nDate admitted to the Bar of the District of South Carolina: ______________________ I.D. No.: _____________\nDate admitted to the South Carolina Bar: ____________________________________ Bar No.: ______________\nOther courts or jurisdictions to which admitted (with dates of admission and bar nos.):\nMembership and positions held in bar, ADR and professional associations:Are you a member in good standing in each jurisdiction where admitted to practice law? _______ yes _______no\nHave you, within the last five years, been publicly re primanded or publicly disciplined for professional conduct?\n_______yes _______no\nHave you, within the last five years, been denied admi ssion to a bar for character or ethical reasons, or been\ndisbarred/suspended from the practice of law? \n_______ yes _______no\nEDUCATION\nYear law degree receive d __________ Law \nSchool ________________________________________\nOther professional degrees received (including year and school):\nLEGAL EXPERIENCE (A minimum of five years of law practice required)\nSummarize legal experience (including teaching) since admissi on to the bar, particularly in the past five years: Percentage of practice in last 5 years representing plaintiff % or defense %\nPercentage of Federal or State court practice in last 5 years: Federal % State %\nNumber of years engaged in active litigation:\nSUBSTANTIVE EXPERIENCE\nIndicate all substantive areas in which you have experience. Place a \"1\" by your strongest area (s) and a \"2\" by all other \nareas in which you hav e experience. (Do not ra nk beyond \"1\" and \"2.\" ) After any cat egory you have marked, \nplease identify any sub-ar eas of experience you have (e.g . \"medical malpr actice\" after Pe rsonal Injury).\n Admiralty Security or Shareholders suits\n Antitrust Labor\n Contracts ERISA\n Environment Wrongful Termination\n Fraud or Civil RICO Civil Rights in Employment\n Insurance Other Civil Rights\n Miller Act Copyrights\n Personal Injury Patent\n Product Liability Trademark\n Other (specify)\nPublications:\nMEDIATION EXPERIENCE\nMediation experience (particularly in the subject matter categories above):\nOther courts or organizations for whom you serve as a mediator (please note any certifications): ______________\nNumber of mediations conducted: Number of other ADR sessions conducted: ______________\nMEDIATION AND OTHER ADR TRAINING\nCourse Course No. of\nProvider Content Date Place Hours OTHER INFORMATION\nAre you familiar with the statutes, rules and practice governing alternative dispute resolution in the District of South\nCarolina? yes no\nOther relevant experience or skills or other information you would like considered in connection with this application:\nCities in which you are available to conduct mediation:\n Columbia Charleston Greenville Florence\nOther\nFees charged:\nHourly Rate: $ Minimum charge each mediation:$\nHow do you bill for travel? (explain): \nI agree to: (1) Be subject to the Rules of Professional Conduct, Rule 407, South Carolina Appellate Court Rules; the\nRules for Lawyer Disciplinary Enforcement, Rule 413, South Carolina Appellate Court Rules; and the Local Rules of\nthe District Court; (2) Provide mediation to indigents without pay if ordered by the Court; (3) Notify the Alternative\nDispute Resolution Program Director of any change in the above facts or otherwise in my ability to perform duties as\na mediator; (4) Disclosure of information contained in this application to litigants and other members of the public.\nI certify that the foregoing is true and correct.\nSignature: Date: ________________\n Applicant\nReturn completed application to:\nDanny H. Mullis, Director\nAlternative Dispute Resolution Program\nUnited States District Court\nPost Office Box 835\nCharleston, SC 29402-0835\nReviewed: _________________________________ Date: ________________\nADR Program\nApproved: ___________________________________ Date: _____________\nU.S. District Judge\n2/2016"
} |
[
-0.11883839964866638,
0.04829868674278259,
-0.0025480559561401606,
-0.011011209338903427,
0.05195074528455734,
0.010291832499206066,
0.1154332384467125,
0.0007007909007370472,
-0.08592535555362701,
-0.07065396010875702,
0.0013317164266481996,
-0.035472381860017776,
0.018434155732393265,
-0.006737178191542625,
0.024402987211942673,
-0.029503243044018745,
-0.058138374239206314,
-0.05043954402208328,
-0.020765526220202446,
0.029036032035946846,
-0.06367600709199905,
0.024029914289712906,
0.0262432973831892,
-0.006037362851202488,
-0.011076544411480427,
-0.0014006864512339234,
-0.018619801849126816,
0.03277004510164261,
0.0028860096354037523,
-0.05694391578435898,
-0.04394163936376572,
0.025414075702428818,
0.08790954202413559,
-0.02499123103916645,
-0.03668315336108208,
0.0062413448467850685,
-0.06646791845560074,
-0.0671444833278656,
0.020564241334795952,
0.04238877445459366,
0.021880215033888817,
-0.04288247600197792,
-0.03437700495123863,
0.06146686151623726,
0.0656372681260109,
-0.0785202905535698,
0.029487011954188347,
0.010798297822475433,
0.06332410126924515,
-0.04508465901017189,
-0.01823394186794758,
-0.027721041813492775,
-0.0036737609189003706,
-0.03659451752901077,
0.054250262677669525,
-0.02085655927658081,
0.015034922398626804,
-0.060095224529504776,
0.016393909230828285,
-0.03323858231306076,
0.01750349812209606,
-0.0005952207720838487,
-0.16348379850387573,
0.08492093533277512,
-0.07583844661712646,
0.0161097701638937,
0.048382941633462906,
-0.007598146330565214,
-0.024985475465655327,
0.05949747934937477,
0.0658901110291481,
-0.03513742983341217,
0.0008843158720992506,
-0.11567969620227814,
0.049390342086553574,
0.03360460326075554,
0.055154237896203995,
0.026383694261312485,
0.053694359958171844,
0.038932498544454575,
0.0004393816343508661,
0.0180604699999094,
-0.09288253635168076,
-0.004073987249284983,
-0.0008234609267674387,
-0.04883106052875519,
-0.006677441764622927,
-0.023541681468486786,
-0.03813307359814644,
0.05245159938931465,
-0.042493823915719986,
-0.055899728089571,
0.08681583404541016,
-0.04896170645952225,
-0.08339672535657883,
-0.0457635223865509,
0.029042238369584084,
0.03465776517987251,
-0.08649188280105591,
0.4062184691429138,
0.03594949096441269,
0.018697189167141914,
0.0979783833026886,
-0.007865204475820065,
0.023714108392596245,
-0.05756505951285362,
-0.06109985336661339,
-0.006620500702410936,
0.007060033269226551,
0.021669859066605568,
-0.024405108764767647,
-0.033514637500047684,
0.00025015627034008503,
0.03170765936374664,
0.04407161846756935,
0.09463243186473846,
-0.035580113530159,
-0.0045343064703047276,
0.043714847415685654,
0.00020504710846580565,
-0.002858717693015933,
-0.024884076789021492,
0.0037606365513056517,
0.014041258953511715,
0.07781578600406647,
-0.1323145031929016,
0.0068764761090278625,
-7.2201250750405e-33,
0.007334581576287746,
0.002726183971390128,
0.012147537432610989,
-0.002440247917547822,
0.027932560071349144,
0.03927065059542656,
0.003743888111785054,
-0.04643532633781433,
-0.014492551796138287,
0.05360198765993118,
0.006590632256120443,
0.03664784133434296,
-0.023135676980018616,
0.03275369852781296,
0.07811082899570465,
0.009627518244087696,
0.007964123040437698,
0.0028742437716573477,
-0.0018807238666340709,
0.004691542126238346,
-0.012402275577187538,
-0.0008041393011808395,
-0.023038707673549652,
0.04297299310564995,
-0.028259985148906708,
-0.06694644689559937,
0.038539037108421326,
-0.07085712999105453,
0.020109260454773903,
0.001460324041545391,
0.0014639950823038816,
0.049912355840206146,
-0.02594558522105217,
0.0008223677286878228,
-0.03757276013493538,
-0.028740663081407547,
0.03337514027953148,
-0.07462829351425171,
-0.035983964800834656,
0.025680823251605034,
-0.050139084458351135,
0.010837196372449398,
-0.04243791848421097,
-0.002668545348569751,
-0.004916265141218901,
0.16647927463054657,
-0.0011541391722857952,
-0.004960660357028246,
-0.06482207775115967,
0.06976216286420822,
-0.0028182310052216053,
-0.02132517658174038,
-0.11613703519105911,
0.04333868995308876,
-0.0033509607892483473,
-0.020106570795178413,
0.016554009169340134,
-0.043971188366413116,
0.020619438961148262,
-0.009089959785342216,
0.009713641367852688,
0.039391469210386276,
-0.012487754225730896,
0.009350251406431198,
-0.08647788316011429,
-0.04851773753762245,
0.02447775937616825,
-0.008494960144162178,
0.023063570261001587,
-0.012638214975595474,
-0.05100997909903526,
0.03675990551710129,
0.03771744668483734,
0.030916057527065277,
-0.028798431158065796,
-0.01926880143582821,
-0.019831717014312744,
0.03583517670631409,
0.08063048869371414,
0.00649732630699873,
0.03545527532696724,
-0.041958946734666824,
0.006693818140774965,
-0.024078864604234695,
0.09502369910478592,
0.054634999483823776,
0.004220988135784864,
-0.05180729925632477,
0.01021517813205719,
-0.041098661720752716,
-0.03574559465050697,
0.06131820008158684,
-0.0030944310128688812,
0.08796171098947525,
0.006000818684697151,
4.4925641867161134e-33,
-0.07716735452413559,
0.01899317093193531,
-0.03573813661932945,
0.0887979194521904,
-0.01755509153008461,
-0.0027626880910247564,
0.037273939698934555,
0.09013677388429642,
-0.09250447154045105,
0.0680299699306488,
0.022390201687812805,
-0.045089662075042725,
0.030878892168402672,
0.044495198875665665,
-0.005799654871225357,
0.03523358702659607,
0.06968843936920166,
-0.004063474480062723,
-0.028155116364359856,
-0.03572935611009598,
-0.030507177114486694,
-0.03237851336598396,
-0.0024998304434120655,
0.034929435700178146,
-0.04148077219724655,
0.030205287039279938,
0.04858911409974098,
0.0632987916469574,
-0.021693143993616104,
0.036800533533096313,
0.03896567225456238,
-0.023581488057971,
-0.05063262954354286,
-0.05820295587182045,
0.04826247692108154,
0.08404397964477539,
0.03678114339709282,
-0.0007768925279378891,
0.024848245084285736,
-0.05051735043525696,
0.039668887853622437,
-0.010082785040140152,
0.002244437113404274,
0.11697717010974884,
-0.021961307153105736,
-0.005805923603475094,
-0.048092879354953766,
0.003788944333791733,
0.035172659903764725,
0.07729728519916534,
-0.09319712221622467,
-0.011992926709353924,
-0.021968109533190727,
0.04129430651664734,
-0.022958293557167053,
0.004160518292337656,
-0.0432187058031559,
0.0702132061123848,
-0.01905948668718338,
0.0004752702370751649,
0.005480603780597448,
0.026761434972286224,
-0.033612821251153946,
0.01346849836409092,
-0.022746674716472626,
0.03873894736170769,
-0.024523282423615456,
-0.03632815554738045,
-0.0017924589337781072,
-0.052569907158613205,
0.006689464673399925,
-0.025846485048532486,
-0.1348353624343872,
0.0011394252069294453,
-0.047169335186481476,
-0.05347497761249542,
-0.018427148461341858,
-0.007304163184016943,
-0.009657083079218864,
-0.037726134061813354,
-0.033999841660261154,
0.01841733604669571,
-0.008003143593668938,
-0.005512353032827377,
-0.03353199362754822,
-0.0201805979013443,
0.021665804088115692,
0.01075822301208973,
-0.05747472122311592,
0.01969684660434723,
-0.007240809965878725,
0.023037107661366463,
0.12023406475782394,
0.0032419958151876926,
0.010150063782930374,
-1.3403668397415913e-8,
-0.046724583953619,
0.04062063992023468,
-0.05561641603708267,
-0.0018853341462090611,
0.056323979049921036,
0.049638908356428146,
-0.04154156893491745,
0.0325038842856884,
0.02574923262000084,
-0.018780937418341637,
0.06920813769102097,
0.02598794549703598,
-0.02782331220805645,
0.05757509544491768,
0.09128093719482422,
-0.01532574463635683,
-0.10472093522548676,
-0.027585938572883606,
-0.016222817823290825,
-0.035399287939071655,
-0.010461363941431046,
-0.013999390415847301,
-0.0002939800324384123,
-0.08362972736358643,
0.007932317443192005,
0.006960071157664061,
-0.04422977939248085,
0.07475824654102325,
0.07440952211618423,
-0.04058071970939636,
-0.0018266832921653986,
0.01985001191496849,
0.014382191933691502,
0.020585300400853157,
0.02213379554450512,
-0.06437048316001892,
-0.06369856745004654,
0.01613914780318737,
0.009907381609082222,
-0.0055595203302800655,
-0.05467313155531883,
-0.0233115516602993,
0.07046928256750107,
0.006468005012720823,
-0.047700025141239166,
-0.0036470729392021894,
0.007837599143385887,
-0.004974569659680128,
-0.01241857185959816,
-0.07781214267015457,
-0.0009409073390997946,
-0.008002524264156818,
0.006034235469996929,
0.08434933423995972,
0.10730371624231339,
0.011427774094045162,
0.013366665691137314,
-0.012747352942824364,
0.061454374343156815,
0.03564131259918213,
0.1587459295988083,
0.12640950083732605,
0.04654904082417488,
-0.015717294067144394
] | {
"pdf_file": "JW44PKSPRUHPMGLASPIT273NOJ5EOU7X.pdf",
"text": ""
} |
[
-0.04669402539730072,
-0.0603717677295208,
-0.09695293754339218,
0.0022264227736741304,
0.036250434815883636,
0.07137718796730042,
-0.0200013667345047,
0.03697102889418602,
0.041456617414951324,
0.03420831263065338,
0.01651628501713276,
0.06344258785247803,
0.011093886569142342,
0.005276723764836788,
-0.02371184341609478,
-0.05653496831655502,
0.04874827340245247,
-0.02667759172618389,
-0.012556173838675022,
-0.008706768974661827,
0.012699170038104057,
-0.05771725997328758,
-0.02864806354045868,
-0.004970565903931856,
0.057242389768362045,
-0.01884099468588829,
-0.10307236015796661,
-0.04500081390142441,
-0.05622643232345581,
-0.03328058496117592,
0.014839905314147472,
0.06105542182922363,
0.02577182464301586,
0.037505727261304855,
0.05593942478299141,
0.005905625410377979,
0.054718922823667526,
0.007398711983114481,
0.08230076730251312,
0.06587105989456177,
-0.0472276471555233,
-0.025150807574391365,
0.028280848637223244,
-0.043540798127651215,
-0.07825573533773422,
-0.03697704151272774,
-0.048293545842170715,
0.05488026142120361,
-0.08233221620321274,
0.06602387130260468,
-0.06914105266332626,
-0.024345140904188156,
0.054970599710941315,
0.04193558916449547,
0.02890077978372574,
-0.09472114592790604,
-0.08588787913322449,
0.0006516205030493438,
-0.045235775411129,
-0.08748659491539001,
0.021660780534148216,
-0.15774503350257874,
0.028798414394259453,
0.022597694769501686,
0.03589228168129921,
0.10870368778705597,
0.022305209189653397,
-0.026042841374874115,
-0.03472045809030533,
-0.08681368827819824,
-0.008253931999206543,
-0.016734687611460686,
-0.11917155236005783,
0.07164383679628372,
-0.020379383116960526,
0.008319973014295101,
0.00823493953794241,
0.06803462654352188,
0.08639751374721527,
-0.11308477073907852,
0.12173961102962494,
0.0927356481552124,
-0.04313983395695686,
0.04040195047855377,
-0.040589138865470886,
-0.007656444329768419,
0.026566259562969208,
-0.022284263744950294,
0.040110789239406586,
0.10824016481637955,
-0.02358064241707325,
-0.04683222994208336,
-0.005693160463124514,
-0.025639010593295097,
-0.09471851587295532,
-0.03294401243329048,
-0.0457349456846714,
-0.011362006887793541,
0.05266276374459267,
-0.02030089870095253,
0.0699269026517868,
0.10382510721683502,
-0.045408427715301514,
-0.05092095956206322,
-0.0397787019610405,
-0.06432310491800308,
-0.014436133205890656,
0.09062064439058304,
0.0035990923643112183,
0.08991556614637375,
0.0016332847299054265,
0.09826856851577759,
-0.05557265132665634,
-0.0816849023103714,
0.02463500015437603,
-0.051680710166692734,
-0.048092544078826904,
0.0787191167473793,
0.05790130794048309,
-0.015440774150192738,
0.06522748619318008,
0.09941990673542023,
-0.07050784677267075,
-0.046143412590026855,
0.05028894171118736,
-0.05013125389814377,
-0.08405127376317978,
2.5629582510886655e-33,
-0.040027957409620285,
0.11173976957798004,
-0.008310182020068169,
0.03004331886768341,
-0.06206921860575676,
0.0218795333057642,
0.01375294104218483,
0.0996440052986145,
0.008006189949810505,
-0.017526181414723396,
-0.15633943676948547,
0.09246230125427246,
0.019658071920275688,
-0.12359155714511871,
0.01191957388073206,
-0.019308194518089294,
-0.034838806837797165,
0.0410911850631237,
-0.028000731021165848,
-0.05164976045489311,
0.018114063888788223,
-0.028126223012804985,
0.06331517547369003,
0.027478009462356567,
0.07907172292470932,
-0.01624141074717045,
-0.043866585940122604,
-0.05332668125629425,
-0.023453401401638985,
0.027827544137835503,
0.08157350867986679,
0.045549821108579636,
0.07896090298891068,
0.02423768863081932,
0.09288597851991653,
0.0020654795225709677,
-0.002873379271477461,
-0.01217621099203825,
0.059884682297706604,
-0.008609998039901257,
-0.00969106424599886,
0.0939410850405693,
0.009842471219599247,
0.028992850333452225,
-0.02411770448088646,
0.07912462204694748,
-0.040378473699092865,
0.027106232941150665,
0.001780412858352065,
-0.022544575855135918,
0.048930443823337555,
0.0398121178150177,
-0.05202845111489296,
0.018540607765316963,
0.05033523961901665,
0.02591218240559101,
-0.04149499908089638,
-0.10990259796380997,
-0.03234134241938591,
0.00005539564517675899,
0.023448986932635307,
0.0813816487789154,
-0.038350336253643036,
-0.0014360399218276143,
-0.06944312155246735,
0.027458934113383293,
-0.036348607391119,
0.015316804870963097,
0.06681090593338013,
0.031338393688201904,
0.07854923605918884,
-0.013194981962442398,
-0.033386729657649994,
0.015381664969027042,
-0.02105657011270523,
-0.03198559209704399,
0.051112763583660126,
0.017601875588297844,
0.054243382066488266,
0.08219314366579056,
-0.021751414984464645,
-0.030713940039277077,
0.06655412912368774,
-0.05998504161834717,
-0.00902207288891077,
-0.019320182502269745,
0.05311214551329613,
0.011667871847748756,
0.026044612750411034,
0.004158233758062124,
0.019198128953576088,
-0.0018658265471458435,
0.02169525995850563,
0.024029884487390518,
-0.024571968242526054,
-3.043581891625405e-33,
-0.048394523561000824,
-0.02715022675693035,
0.024853350594639778,
-0.07630807906389236,
-0.06384943425655365,
0.006755834445357323,
0.005132382269948721,
-0.023512015119194984,
0.020220305770635605,
0.007814464159309864,
0.01986946165561676,
-0.04476061835885048,
-0.022139620035886765,
0.032760489732027054,
-0.056358832865953445,
-0.08296084403991699,
0.03993126004934311,
-0.010843420401215553,
-0.03861600533127785,
-0.009640767239034176,
-0.0007707196637056768,
0.04360741376876831,
0.019059322774410248,
0.07950082421302795,
-0.016840055584907532,
-0.003980962093919516,
-0.011786026880145073,
-0.08792537450790405,
0.08380576223134995,
0.06393641233444214,
0.021414680406451225,
-0.027519050985574722,
-0.034138672053813934,
0.08020351827144623,
-0.017764121294021606,
-0.014083114452660084,
-0.01608077622950077,
-0.0021127776708453894,
-0.04462854936718941,
-0.11887023597955704,
0.06464129686355591,
0.0556698702275753,
-0.0662040188908577,
0.047288913279771805,
-0.00038430385757237673,
-0.0494498685002327,
-0.05883680284023285,
-0.0040488638915121555,
0.01966734789311886,
-0.030908683314919472,
-0.053626205772161484,
-0.03751124441623688,
-0.041892651468515396,
-0.03127802163362503,
-0.05172691121697426,
0.07034286111593246,
0.018492557108402252,
-0.07950610667467117,
-0.08925141394138336,
-0.014242945238947868,
0.03822314739227295,
0.10773910582065582,
-0.04517344757914543,
0.04202743619680405,
0.03274195268750191,
-0.005804762709885836,
0.019652947783470154,
-0.07126761972904205,
0.0005934188957326114,
-0.06731434911489487,
0.03533755987882614,
-0.10566144436597824,
-0.0730711966753006,
-0.10458995401859283,
-0.028509078547358513,
0.03374197706580162,
-0.056105565279722214,
-0.020262204110622406,
-0.028619782999157906,
-0.008599435910582542,
-0.04717617109417915,
0.02624889463186264,
0.04718104749917984,
0.06670628488063812,
0.008746235631406307,
0.03255034610629082,
0.08339402824640274,
-0.04952550306916237,
-0.01944333128631115,
0.05031772330403328,
-0.04746648669242859,
-0.04860677570104599,
0.02280479297041893,
0.022227467969059944,
0.05164352059364319,
-4.9839400162454695e-8,
-0.006348677910864353,
-0.0062384759075939655,
0.0020113098435103893,
0.0794229730963707,
0.07843467593193054,
-0.00885340292006731,
0.02574819326400757,
0.01042975950986147,
-0.025497859343886375,
-0.01612020842730999,
0.026121022179722786,
0.006126311141997576,
-0.05739057809114456,
0.010744856670498848,
0.06821707636117935,
-0.07364760339260101,
-0.003994690254330635,
0.0786210298538208,
-0.03345496207475662,
-0.021587669849395752,
-0.025478731840848923,
0.018795348703861237,
0.03901754692196846,
0.004613134544342756,
0.00338164484128356,
0.003529868321493268,
0.022640928626060486,
0.06138058006763458,
0.07523608952760696,
-0.02646423503756523,
-0.0023811652790755033,
-0.02289016917347908,
-0.013386419042944908,
0.03444627299904823,
-0.037278931587934494,
-0.036532893776893616,
-0.036293093115091324,
0.044773541390895844,
0.055380187928676605,
0.0579114630818367,
-0.04090696573257446,
0.04765897989273071,
0.04029715061187744,
0.09241964668035507,
-0.019618745893239975,
-0.00876651145517826,
-0.08716541528701782,
-0.01554381474852562,
0.008696860633790493,
-0.06586446613073349,
0.02607031725347042,
-0.03413271903991699,
-0.03622507303953171,
0.0320093147456646,
0.05958390235900879,
-0.023733364418148994,
0.05036282539367676,
0.0013681062264367938,
-0.07556397467851639,
-0.015642467886209488,
0.03084617294371128,
-0.036120545119047165,
0.044602878391742706,
0.04792008176445961
] | {
"pdf_file": "PFYC6E5GGQLD2ON3WMS63OO5DERTOC5G.pdf",
"text": "Media Relations Office Washington, D.C. Media Contact: 202.622.4000 \nwww.irs.gov/newsroom Public Contact: 800.829.1040 \nIRS Launches Study of S Cor poration Reporting Compliance \nIR-2005-76, July 25, 2005 \nWASHINGTON – Internal Revenue Service o fficials announced today the launch of a study \nto assess the reporting compliance of S co rporations. The study, carried out under the \nNational Research Program (NRP), will ex amine 5,000 randomly selected S corporation \nreturns from tax years 2003 and 2004. S corporations are entities whose inco me and deductions pass through the corporate \nstructure to the shareholders. Since the mid-1980s, the number of S corporations has risen \nrapidly, growing from 724,749 in 1985 to 3,154,377 in 2002. \n The growth rate has been even faster among S corporations with more than $10 million in \nassets. From 1985 to 2002, the number of these larger S corporations grew more than ten-\nfold, from 2,305 to 26,096. “The use of S corporations has exploded,” sa id IRS Commissioner Mark W. Everson. “The \nIRS needs a better understanding of what this m eans for tax compliance. This research is \ncritical for achieving our strategic goal of ensuring that corporations and high-income \nindividuals are paying their fair share.” S corporations are now the most common corporate ent ity. In 2002, the latest year for \nwhich data is available, S corporation retu rns accounted for 59 percent of all corporate \nreturns filed for that tax year . Two million S corporations r eported net income of about $248 \nbillion and 1.2 million S corporations reported net losses of about $63 billion. \n Numerous restrictions and r equirements apply to S corporat ions. For example, an S \ncorporation can have no more than 75 shareholders and none of these can be another corporation or non-resident alien. Program officials expect these au dits to begin later this year. The last reporting compliance \nstudy of S corporations involved about 10,000 re turns from tax year 1984, prior to the tax \nlaw changes that spurred the growth in S cor porations. The new NRP initiative will use a \nstudy approach designed to reach statisticall y valid conclusions regarding compliance \nbehavior, while using a smaller sample of returns than in the past. The results of the NRP study will be used to mo re accurately gauge the extent to which the \nincome, deductions and credits from S corporati ons are properly report ed on returns filed by \nthe flow through corporations and their sharehol ders. When completed, this research will \nassist the IRS in selecting and auditing S corpor ation returns with greater compliance risk. \n \nThe research program on S corporations is a complement to the study of individual \nreporting compliance completed last year. T he preliminary result s from that study, \nannounced in March, indicated that the gross tax gap is more than $300 billion each year. \nIRS collection and compliance efforts reduce this gap by about $50 billion each year. \n \nThe NRP, created in 2000, is a comprehensive effo rt by the IRS to measure payment, filing \nand reporting compliance for different types of taxes and various set of taxpayers. \n Administering a tax system that serves Am erica’s taxpayers by promoting fairness and \noperating efficiency and effectiveness is dependent on the agency’s ability to measure and \ndistinguish between the many factors that impact compliance with tax laws. \n “This research effort provides us the know ledge we need to both improve compliance and \nreduce unnecessary taxpayer burden,” said Everson. Without reliable measures, the IRS faces majo r challenges in enhancing its ability to detect \nnoncompliance, improve overa ll compliance and develop methods for allocating resources \nmore effectively. \n-30- \n "
} |
[
-0.04169010370969772,
0.016777781769633293,
0.14760994911193848,
0.0011398661881685257,
-0.05158687010407448,
0.10416871309280396,
-0.04896118491888046,
0.12417968362569809,
-0.08798520267009735,
-0.02905476838350296,
0.007431949023157358,
-0.05290514603257179,
0.023691723123192787,
0.008355005644261837,
0.01852472312748432,
-0.03473725914955139,
0.12679582834243774,
0.016566723585128784,
0.01985255815088749,
-0.06485719233751297,
0.08324702829122543,
0.04143424332141876,
-0.03477674722671509,
-0.03434660658240318,
0.002596283797174692,
0.06777410954236984,
0.015473227016627789,
-0.11012162268161774,
-0.024321142584085464,
0.05899538844823837,
0.08059272170066833,
0.0074181160889565945,
-0.026857856661081314,
0.020163413137197495,
0.12011995166540146,
0.005955870728939772,
0.12752383947372437,
-0.03769867122173309,
-0.02029644139111042,
0.02130601741373539,
-0.027580877766013145,
-0.0046906908974051476,
-0.03642098978161812,
-0.08868198841810226,
-0.02743607945740223,
0.021941276267170906,
-0.09590373933315277,
-0.03985508531332016,
0.012142254039645195,
-0.009508898481726646,
0.024729924276471138,
0.05376862362027168,
0.08138323575258255,
-0.046180739998817444,
-0.004522221628576517,
0.040379930287599564,
-0.03141020983457565,
0.00691594323143363,
-0.04746183380484581,
0.0738552138209343,
-0.00296701118350029,
0.0018905585166066885,
-0.033296093344688416,
0.016916576772928238,
0.03106740117073059,
0.05198449641466141,
-0.09103157371282578,
-0.029309291392564774,
0.024409951642155647,
-0.09331279247999191,
0.04133087396621704,
-0.018583504483103752,
0.03658243268728256,
-0.009758937172591686,
0.023727206513285637,
-0.06596465408802032,
0.040225572884082794,
0.012885629199445248,
0.011209333315491676,
-0.005356050096452236,
-0.02814466506242752,
0.02817917987704277,
-0.025314338505268097,
0.00016842370678205043,
-0.06643897294998169,
-0.015599769540131092,
-0.015357681550085545,
-0.02220776304602623,
0.018232926726341248,
-0.04585886001586914,
0.10943515598773956,
0.03811033070087433,
-0.03935518488287926,
-0.00025973000447265804,
0.05126252397894859,
0.07409092038869858,
-0.10904084146022797,
-0.09659323841333389,
-0.03015751577913761,
-0.008484704419970512,
-0.06339061260223389,
-0.027220524847507477,
0.013553849421441555,
0.030396314337849617,
0.011489598080515862,
-0.08723369240760803,
0.05023883655667305,
-0.004704544320702553,
-0.022493941709399223,
0.020004335790872574,
0.0821702852845192,
-0.06635214388370514,
0.0411914698779583,
0.01694115623831749,
-0.029067814350128174,
0.0006545504438690841,
0.06243240460753441,
-0.02233600802719593,
0.045228295028209686,
0.03890344873070717,
0.004227507393807173,
0.052664320915937424,
0.006785256788134575,
-0.00030039105331525207,
0.05135297402739525,
0.025223327800631523,
-0.06865940243005753,
-1.6968338830620462e-32,
0.012493687681853771,
0.010125960223376751,
0.061922308057546616,
-0.023082541301846504,
0.06009804084897041,
-0.07817225903272629,
0.04237617552280426,
-0.01132531464099884,
-0.03025401011109352,
0.005715942941606045,
0.014693282544612885,
-0.04701048880815506,
0.0690426230430603,
0.06572277843952179,
-0.05999143794178963,
-0.048329975455999374,
0.00005569532368099317,
0.01647467352449894,
-0.06313567608594894,
0.017387868836522102,
-0.0072202193550765514,
-0.06755587458610535,
0.03655678406357765,
0.010406381450593472,
-0.042899999767541885,
0.022942867130041122,
-0.04795718193054199,
0.032721079885959625,
0.10656799376010895,
-0.013339501805603504,
0.041413288563489914,
-0.05560968443751335,
-0.028778765350580215,
-0.0009631509892642498,
-0.020557839423418045,
-0.02294524572789669,
0.05947226285934448,
-0.0008295726147480309,
-0.06381559371948242,
-0.03128606453537941,
-0.03089962713420391,
0.04809507727622986,
0.01816302165389061,
0.0626649409532547,
0.016474008560180664,
0.029549207538366318,
0.06761690229177475,
0.017623171210289,
0.06580731272697449,
-0.0506952740252018,
-0.01728926971554756,
-0.03301483765244484,
-0.1511121690273285,
-0.007907617837190628,
-0.025144562125205994,
0.019257288426160812,
-0.020585162565112114,
-0.010207629762589931,
0.10517021268606186,
-0.02889482118189335,
0.020086824893951416,
0.007958534173667431,
-0.09268616139888763,
-0.1302705854177475,
0.0421186164021492,
-0.05859940126538277,
0.028096970170736313,
-0.042266011238098145,
0.12127715349197388,
-0.03314313292503357,
-0.019506005570292473,
-0.02838313579559326,
-0.014424581080675125,
0.07332563400268555,
0.06056318059563637,
-0.015446069650352001,
0.039519235491752625,
0.020790161564946175,
0.1004205048084259,
0.010420478880405426,
0.06397639214992523,
-0.02478005737066269,
0.007177622057497501,
-0.08367737382650375,
0.038304734975099564,
-0.04824052006006241,
-0.054871320724487305,
-0.07840655744075775,
-0.02970462664961815,
0.03383516147732735,
-0.020194627344608307,
-0.06832101196050644,
-0.05323881283402443,
0.035024285316467285,
-0.030783500522375107,
1.0027010893552268e-32,
-0.02636505290865898,
0.021324370056390762,
-0.0375080481171608,
0.022982023656368256,
0.07672295719385147,
-0.028712965548038483,
-0.0002802605158649385,
-0.04702802374958992,
0.019442599266767502,
0.001473788172006607,
-0.0004471024440135807,
0.005297146737575531,
-0.030286945402622223,
-0.0013465220108628273,
0.011944851838052273,
0.013868280686438084,
0.021725311875343323,
0.03120117262005806,
0.015811892226338387,
-0.041173599660396576,
0.028530966490507126,
0.06315986812114716,
-0.03312116488814354,
0.016208944842219353,
0.059770502150058746,
0.006643206812441349,
-0.0797080472111702,
0.01977466605603695,
-0.00041222228901460767,
-0.016500603407621384,
0.028162876144051552,
-0.03736916556954384,
-0.0008522056741639972,
0.07158885151147842,
0.010589644312858582,
-0.09342120587825775,
-0.07098773121833801,
0.02420618198812008,
-0.06041336432099342,
0.03199320659041405,
0.04980691522359848,
-0.06167595088481903,
-0.0002521221758797765,
0.062303368002176285,
-0.008096017874777317,
0.03466933220624924,
0.01874813809990883,
-0.03464001417160034,
-0.006166431587189436,
-0.014778714627027512,
-0.04677770286798477,
-0.04118100181221962,
-0.06847421079874039,
0.0471748486161232,
0.05053732544183731,
0.004721364472061396,
0.051172737032175064,
0.011301252990961075,
-0.08373305946588516,
-0.064750537276268,
0.09702348709106445,
-0.06441018730401993,
-0.05612628906965256,
0.037732645869255066,
0.06251141428947449,
-0.05576030910015106,
-0.06669704616069794,
-0.06876686960458755,
-0.10694046318531036,
0.029224775731563568,
-0.007961880415678024,
-0.03621692955493927,
0.10579488426446915,
-0.15023751556873322,
-0.11040639132261276,
0.017857253551483154,
-0.014530601911246777,
0.04887871444225311,
-0.06473932415246964,
0.0235288068652153,
-0.03927634283900261,
-0.06464821100234985,
0.023194769397377968,
-0.027887163683772087,
-0.02975224144756794,
-0.008791946806013584,
0.08440146595239639,
0.0031892291735857725,
-0.009046126157045364,
0.10890684276819229,
-0.1565534919500351,
0.047272756695747375,
-0.017475787550210953,
0.057503506541252136,
0.0693894773721695,
-5.019098026082247e-8,
0.1492757946252823,
-0.0037175423931330442,
-0.059997037053108215,
0.055335670709609985,
0.017870234325528145,
-0.03676922246813774,
-0.03316163644194603,
-0.015303407795727253,
-0.061264898627996445,
0.08792629837989807,
-0.03621182218194008,
-0.06376083940267563,
-0.07102710753679276,
-0.04289752244949341,
0.048910368233919144,
-0.06447368860244751,
0.014418073929846287,
0.05067051574587822,
-0.020602881908416748,
-0.01620299369096756,
-0.0058419001288712025,
0.05304667353630066,
-0.0000801670175860636,
-0.010587460361421108,
-0.05621303617954254,
0.030451122671365738,
0.015171893872320652,
-0.021756013855338097,
0.017756596207618713,
0.02896989695727825,
0.02377619780600071,
0.006564638111740351,
0.04767361283302307,
-0.031928930431604385,
0.00680391862988472,
-0.05569801852107048,
-0.09649017453193665,
0.05515594035387039,
0.031751599162817,
-0.007317195646464825,
0.03046405129134655,
-0.08704046159982681,
0.04309350624680519,
0.031200455501675606,
0.0492977537214756,
0.03438984975218773,
-0.00813008937984705,
-0.048106905072927475,
0.061243537813425064,
-0.003910538274794817,
-0.021453451365232468,
-0.06656519323587418,
-0.04861907660961151,
-0.02592485025525093,
0.06241883337497711,
0.009625677950680256,
-0.03888852149248123,
-0.09411387890577316,
-0.000036546236515278,
-0.035340141505002975,
0.020282484591007233,
0.02447427250444889,
-0.007637497968971729,
0.0535866804420948
] | {
"pdf_file": "A5YCHM3QP2ZNRJWUDGZJQNT2PK2FZOQU.pdf",
"text": " Twin Falls District #411\n Twin Falls County\n 201 Main Avenue West, Twin Falls, ID. 83301\n Phone: (208) 733-6900 Fax: (208) 733-6987\nDr. Terrell L. Donicht, Superintendent\nDistrict Characteristics 1999-00\nFall Enrollment 1999-00 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,046 Special Education:\nAverage Daily Attendance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,675 Special Education Students . . . . . . . . . . . . 821\nState Ranking per ADA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8Gifted and Talented Students. . . . . . . . . . 226\nNumber of Schools (sites): Number of LEP Students**. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 537\nElementary. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 National School Lunch Program:\nSecondary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 Average Daily Participation. . . . . . . . . . 4,218\nNumber of Accredited Schools: Free and Reduced Meals. . . . . . . . . . . . 2,457\nApproved. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 Lunch Price - Elementary. . . . . . . . . . $1.30\nApproved with Merit. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0 Lunch Price - Secondary . . . . . . . . . . $1.65\nApproved with Warning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0 Pupil Transportation Program:\nNot Approved. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0 Average Daily Ridership 1998-99. . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,779 \nHigh School Graduates: Contracted/District Owned Operation\n High School Diplomas-Regular. . . . . . . . . .High School Diplomas-Regular. . . . . . . . . . 495495 **Certificates of Completion issued at a district levelCertificates of Completion issued at a district level\nSuperintendent's Other Completions*. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0 **Limited English Speaking (LEP)\nHighlights \nNo Data Submitted\nProgress Towards Meeting District Goals\n1999-00 Goals Progress\nStudent Profiles \n Ethnicity \nRace Male Female Total\n White 43.19% 43.00% 86.19%\n Black 0.31% 0.12% 0.43%\n Hispanic 6.23% 4.96% 11.19%\n Nat. Amer. 0.29% 0.22% 0.51%\n Asian 0.75% 0.93% 1.68%\n Total 50.77% 49.23% 100.00%\n \n211\n0%5%10%15%20%\n3.63% 4.99% 3.66% 3.29%\n4.52% 3.27% 3.68% 4.28%273927 232718 19 24\n Year\nPercentage\nGrd. 9 Grd. 10 Grd. 11 Grd. 12\n 98-99\n 99-00 Dropouts \nNumbers in graph represent actual dropout counts per gradeDevelop curriculum that reflects the state \nstandards , benchmarks, and objectives in \nthe core subject matter areas and articulate \nsaid curriculum in grades K -12. \n Math, language arts, science, social studies, \nand health teachers have reviewed the state \nof Idaho’s standards and have identified the \ncourses wit hin which the standards will be \naddressed. Teachers in other “elective” \nareas have also identified which standards \ncan be addressed within their disciplines. \nElementary and secondary teachers have \nreviewed the curriculum at each grade level \nand have dete rmined what has to be taught \nat said grade level in order for students to \nmake progress needed to meet standards \nwhen they exit the school system \n \nDevelop and review standardized and \ncriterion referenced assessments that reflect \nstudent performance in the core subject \nmatter areas, particularly reading and math, \nand develop strategies that will address \nstudent needs illustrated via the \nassessments. \n Our teachers and administrators have \nreviewed the results produced by our own \nsummative assessments in math, language, \nscience, and social students, the results of \nthe IRI and STAR reading assessments, \nand the ITBS and DWA/DMA results. \nThey have subsequently developed \nstrategies and interventions that addressed \nstudent deficiencies identified in the \nassessments . Teachers in our district have \nalso developed summative assessments in \nelective areas for grades K -12, and are \nusing said assessments to guide subsequent \ninstruction. \n \nIncrease student achievement by the \nsuccessful completion of goals one and \ntwo; i.e., by focusing upon the results \nproduced by various standardized and \ncriterion referenced assessments and \nimplementing corrective instructional \nstrategies. \n Student performance on most measures \nused in this district has improved in \nmathematics, reading and l anguage. ITBS \nresults have improved across the district, as \nhave IRI results and STAR reading test \nresults. \n Financial Information 1999-00 \nTotal % ADA Rank\nM & O Fund % All Funds % Expenditures:\n Revenues: M & O Instruction $18,402,429 61.81%\nLocal Taxes $4,828,231 16.40% $6,738,023 18.62% M & O Support Programs 10,669,504 35.83%\nOther Sources 717,509 2.44% 1,792,853 4.96% M & O Other 703,192 2.36%\nState 23,883,471 81.15% 24,751,929 68.44% Total M & O $29,775,125 100.00% $4,460 98\nFederal 1,928 0.01% 2,885,001 7.98% \n Total ALL Funds $36,088,042 100.00% $5,406 111\nTotal $29,431,139 100.00% $36,167,806 100.00%\n Supplemental Information:\nProperty Tax Replacement . . . .. . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $1,469,024 Tax Levies at 9-1-99 Total Per ADA Rank\nLottery Revenues. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $261,492 Property Market Values $1,384,657,285 $207,430 63\nTechnology Grant . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $250,349 Total General M & O Levies 0.003182789 6\nTotal District Levies 0.004637150 81\nStaff Data 1999-00\nDistrict Personnel: FTE ADA to FTE Teachers Salaries: Rank \nElementary Teachers 190.00 18 Beginning Salary on Schedule $21,320\nSecondary Teachers 193.80 17 Highest Salary on Schedule $41,403\nAdministrators 27.85 240 Average Elementary Teacher's Salary $33,769 45\nOther Certified Staff 28.21 237 Average Secondary Teacher's Salary $33,920 40\nTotal Certified Staff 439.86 15 Superintendent's Salary $81,786 23\nTotal Non-Certified Staff 203.28 33\nNote: Rank represents how this district compares to the other 112 public school districts in the State of Idaho; high to low (1 being the highest).\n \nTesting Information 1999-00\n212 Twin Falls District #411 -1999-00012345\n3.1\n2.83.4\n2.93.1\n2.6\nGradeScoring Standard\n4 8Direct Math Assessment\nScoring Standard: 5 = Advanced, 4 = Proficient, 3 = Satisfactory,\n 2 = Developing, 1 = Minimal012345\n3.1 3.03.7\n2.8 2.83.4\n2.8 2.83.3\nGradeScoring Standard:\n4 8 11\n1997-98 School Year 1998-99 School Year 1999-00 School YearDirect Writing Assessment0102030405060708090100\n6262606057576666\n5555 565654545858 58586771\n647167\n60\n54586173 74\n69 69\n64\n59565963\nGrade National Average - 50%Percentile\n3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 111997-98 School Year 1998-99 School Year 1999-00 School YearStandard Testing ResultsITBS and TAP\n ITBS - Grades 3 through 8 \n TAP - Grades 9 through 11\n"
} |
[
-0.04640641063451767,
0.06631618738174438,
0.03097637929022312,
-0.023132864385843277,
-0.025456320494413376,
0.055829647928476334,
0.06632038205862045,
0.014659400098025799,
0.04674689844250679,
0.04914478585124016,
0.05064881592988968,
0.030187612399458885,
0.00881227757781744,
0.01195799931883812,
-0.051759012043476105,
0.06532356888055801,
0.08680251985788345,
-0.005359645001590252,
-0.038076356053352356,
0.09474199265241623,
-0.04898170009255409,
0.07420684397220612,
-0.08720987290143967,
0.008810939267277718,
-0.019718190655112267,
0.002735990332439542,
-0.08270653337240219,
-0.0020073181949555874,
0.012438545003533363,
-0.03513839840888977,
0.0018882789881899953,
0.09084427356719971,
-0.03359615057706833,
0.05589840188622475,
0.02479046955704689,
0.020520491525530815,
0.005885982885956764,
-0.0048491377383470535,
0.02483321912586689,
-0.007475456688553095,
-0.031349264085292816,
0.046039264649152756,
0.021432645618915558,
0.016306892037391663,
0.007609880529344082,
0.028212714940309525,
0.018067652359604836,
-0.026362234726548195,
-0.044780757278203964,
0.034420326352119446,
0.025446245446801186,
0.011285980232059956,
0.035872917622327805,
0.06598455458879471,
-0.02957032062113285,
-0.03952225670218468,
0.03464549779891968,
0.08915899693965912,
-0.026523234322667122,
-0.02830553986132145,
-0.008216723799705505,
-0.036749109625816345,
-0.04581969976425171,
0.03503446653485298,
-0.06228896230459213,
0.019081545993685722,
0.041493337601423264,
-0.0882071927189827,
-0.0282562505453825,
-0.03302459418773651,
0.06516961008310318,
0.015527153387665749,
0.003496897639706731,
0.005600882228463888,
0.03520235791802406,
0.05808798223733902,
0.08650273084640503,
0.07712589204311371,
0.1540164202451706,
-0.11402875930070877,
0.022915329784154892,
0.05686729773879051,
-0.07059864699840546,
0.00915518682450056,
-0.02904585748910904,
-0.11102757602930069,
-0.032709334045648575,
0.013287514448165894,
0.0949200987815857,
0.015661582350730896,
0.08121739327907562,
-0.014769908040761948,
0.036747321486473083,
-0.016137581318616867,
0.06098659336566925,
-0.028147678822278976,
0.049398962408304214,
0.037345025688409805,
-0.0052948384545743465,
0.06793680787086487,
0.020762095227837563,
-0.024063700810074806,
-0.1330237090587616,
-0.009092223830521107,
-0.03776397928595543,
-0.06760020554065704,
0.04815441370010376,
-0.03988770395517349,
-0.07138971984386444,
-0.047119639813899994,
-0.049757614731788635,
-0.0020659908186644316,
0.03519955277442932,
-0.034607239067554474,
0.00017622661835048348,
0.08974555879831314,
-0.00148171023465693,
0.02629241719841957,
0.047002993524074554,
-0.08722317963838577,
0.0012211281573399901,
0.006166000850498676,
-0.004915730096399784,
0.028139693662524223,
-0.010873442515730858,
-0.0464450865983963,
0.038754671812057495,
1.6821834765625573e-33,
0.012647378258407116,
-0.07403551787137985,
-0.07498910278081894,
-0.014740676619112492,
0.05923674255609512,
-0.024479426443576813,
0.020204603672027588,
0.05628915876150131,
-0.015849104151129723,
0.00656103016808629,
-0.053145796060562134,
0.001392636331729591,
0.09471889585256577,
-0.10923358052968979,
-0.056817203760147095,
-0.0571613535284996,
0.03904389962553978,
0.031689323484897614,
-0.09206933528184891,
-0.028003787621855736,
0.054455626755952835,
-0.02960757166147232,
-0.007544871419668198,
0.10537836700677872,
-0.05548198148608208,
-0.044795017689466476,
-0.004857552703469992,
-0.011795071884989738,
-0.029621712863445282,
0.04351288825273514,
-0.04464058205485344,
0.03525891527533531,
0.08266641199588776,
0.013337072916328907,
0.018362291157245636,
0.03542659431695938,
-0.03859907016158104,
0.018055323511362076,
0.016392646357417107,
-0.06679060310125351,
0.0380011722445488,
0.07455731928348541,
-0.0015028699999675155,
-0.020023977383971214,
-0.009612897410988808,
-0.0794975608587265,
0.009964275173842907,
-0.04586021602153778,
-0.057077810168266296,
0.03334512561559677,
0.036773163825273514,
0.08170958608388901,
0.08676344901323318,
0.0025634525809437037,
-0.055978938937187195,
0.008824547752737999,
-0.009362089447677135,
0.04675944522023201,
-0.008832493796944618,
0.020922385156154633,
0.03582623973488808,
0.11509742587804794,
-0.0602225698530674,
0.03756725788116455,
-0.03533986583352089,
-0.0797787457704544,
-0.027020206674933434,
-0.04423341527581215,
-0.03347000852227211,
-0.09807825088500977,
0.011701405048370361,
0.05709267407655716,
0.023660102859139442,
-0.06264197081327438,
-0.09039764106273651,
-0.04406539723277092,
0.04262996092438698,
0.04436200112104416,
0.009679063223302364,
-0.09631180018186569,
-0.02961929887533188,
0.013379022479057312,
-0.03471001610159874,
-0.033578697592020035,
0.025963906198740005,
-0.05592881515622139,
0.024497365579009056,
-0.07002566009759903,
-0.058919619768857956,
-0.028288941830396652,
-0.017618078738451004,
0.004244240932166576,
0.010930240154266357,
0.04145507141947746,
0.15237078070640564,
-3.306860667456934e-33,
-0.06325975060462952,
-0.027987537905573845,
-0.0553731732070446,
-0.07082021236419678,
-0.008534906432032585,
-0.015605628490447998,
0.006959344260394573,
-0.02325512282550335,
-0.019164711236953735,
-0.0487741194665432,
-0.004273480735719204,
-0.020491592586040497,
-0.022754207253456116,
0.08490432053804398,
-0.10541553050279617,
0.08385412395000458,
0.01734301447868347,
0.0019970734138041735,
-0.028736082836985588,
0.010099013336002827,
0.09789944440126419,
0.04815128818154335,
0.0038998378440737724,
0.007923591881990433,
-0.05077211931347847,
0.03594635799527168,
0.06598274409770966,
-0.03648104891180992,
0.050184234976768494,
0.02375945635139942,
0.01646043173968792,
-0.06599444150924683,
-0.05000870302319527,
0.040384795516729355,
0.06561453640460968,
-0.10068423300981522,
0.043917570263147354,
-0.016899272799491882,
-0.10457582026720047,
-0.0012539236340671778,
0.04838885739445686,
0.06572090089321136,
-0.019229216501116753,
0.01342947781085968,
0.04399893060326576,
0.002865367801859975,
0.011190401390194893,
-0.02222074382007122,
0.04514744505286217,
-0.02859402820467949,
-0.06784901767969131,
-0.004497466143220663,
0.09259911626577377,
0.12350798398256302,
0.0016323380405083299,
0.007491194177418947,
0.03214637190103531,
-0.02855273149907589,
-0.05544816330075264,
0.021313901990652084,
0.10068875551223755,
0.011803941801190376,
0.008317522704601288,
-0.08316906541585922,
0.05259283632040024,
0.0004210044862702489,
-0.06484786421060562,
-0.014234672300517559,
0.0525837279856205,
-0.008836442604660988,
-0.008985772728919983,
-0.0743713304400444,
-0.12903830409049988,
-0.13060802221298218,
0.07883086800575256,
0.04535949230194092,
0.04874677583575249,
-0.04462594538927078,
-0.1377912163734436,
0.034177277237176895,
0.007046899292618036,
-0.02575472556054592,
-0.00855992641299963,
0.00848974660038948,
-0.027475977316498756,
0.017238525673747063,
0.052975788712501526,
-0.009602081961929798,
0.031887445598840714,
0.04094839468598366,
-0.013107635080814362,
-0.05815539136528969,
0.06758488714694977,
0.021481569856405258,
-0.09563161432743073,
-5.586413465152873e-8,
-0.05153095722198486,
-0.059272363781929016,
-0.012330422177910805,
0.04571571946144104,
0.019181733950972557,
-0.04808095470070839,
0.03959157317876816,
-0.04894556477665901,
-0.05795787274837494,
-0.016467448323965073,
0.02354254387319088,
-0.049350056797266006,
-0.0951465591788292,
-0.017878348007798195,
0.06570703536272049,
0.02092636190354824,
-0.01501530408859253,
-0.03188282623887062,
-0.05299947410821915,
0.015948224812746048,
-0.05573248490691185,
-0.06379858404397964,
0.010884471237659454,
-0.010083679109811783,
-0.03985707089304924,
0.0435057170689106,
-0.009980546310544014,
-0.08745256066322327,
0.04652733355760574,
0.0224501620978117,
-0.006839685142040253,
0.11605148017406464,
0.013344250619411469,
-0.07976473122835159,
-0.12427718192338943,
-0.007984182797372341,
-0.01425302866846323,
0.010878374800086021,
0.026655714958906174,
0.04220769926905632,
0.005656222812831402,
0.08124381303787231,
0.07326221466064453,
0.06661015748977661,
0.06052596494555473,
0.012244024313986301,
-0.030872568488121033,
-0.024520764127373695,
0.03345837444067001,
-0.08227245509624481,
-0.03265029191970825,
-0.020189063623547554,
-0.01871613599359989,
0.04973682388663292,
-0.036831364035606384,
0.058263134211301804,
0.08823150396347046,
0.007061133626848459,
-0.040189627557992935,
-0.03486735373735428,
-0.010368566028773785,
-0.03359463810920715,
0.009542051702737808,
-0.009655301459133625
] | {
"pdf_file": "5WZLEVFSNHYXSOEJSBBALIZP2REQ5BWL.pdf",
"text": "DISMISSED W ITHOUT PREJUDICE: Septem ber 29, 2016\nCBCA 5207\nVETERANS CONTRACTING, INC.,\nAppellant,\nv.\nDEPARTMENT OF VETERANS AFFAIRS,\nRespondent.\nScott R. Sy lkatis of Sylkatis Law, LLC, Am herst, OH, counsel f or Appellant.\nDavid G. Fagan, Office of General Counsel, Departm ent of Veterans Affairs,\nPortland, OR, counsel f or Respondent.\nVERGILIO , Board Judge.\nORDER\nOn February 12, 2016, the Board received from Veterans Contracting, Inc.\n(contractor) a timely-filed notice of appeal concerning its contract, VA250-12-C-0111, with\nthe Departm ent of Veter ans Affairs (agency ). Form al proceedings were suspended at the\nrequest of the parties. On Septem ber 27, the Board received from the contractor a motion\nto dismiss without prejudice pursuant to Rule 12(d) (48 CFR 6101.12(d) (2015)) (“When\ncircum stances beyond the control of the Board prevent the continuation of proceedings in a\ncase, the Board may . . . dism iss the case without prejudice to reinstatem ent within 180\ncalendar days after the date of the dism issal”). The m otion identif ies no reason that might\nprevent the continuation of proceedings. The contractor is aware that the dism issal will act\nas a preclusion from pursuing the claim . The agency does not object to the dism issal,\n CBCA 5207 2\nalthough it opines that voluntary dism issals are under Rule 12(c) and are with prejudice. \nGiven the motion and lack of objection, the Board DISMISSES WITHOUT PREJUDICE\nthe appeal.\n______________________________\nJOSEPH A. VERGILIO\nBoard Judge"
} |
[
-0.06865231692790985,
0.057971373200416565,
0.010810613632202148,
0.11935393512248993,
-0.04076272249221802,
-0.013283108361065388,
-0.0015022886218503118,
0.002827243646606803,
0.05716387927532196,
0.03208324685692787,
0.030458562076091766,
-0.029791714623570442,
0.04713990539312363,
0.019989103078842163,
0.02188934199512005,
0.05550619587302208,
0.009075233712792397,
-0.04553629830479622,
-0.08943545073270798,
0.03529735282063484,
0.036421529948711395,
0.050974659621715546,
-0.030391935259103775,
-0.01828060857951641,
0.11215481162071228,
0.0012304529082030058,
-0.09963232278823853,
0.059647563844919205,
0.0019169335719197989,
0.0027990553062409163,
-0.04072720184922218,
-0.003441163571551442,
0.002725353231653571,
-0.06068439781665802,
0.14772291481494904,
0.07070831954479218,
-0.017840536311268806,
0.022205311805009842,
-0.014658785425126553,
0.06366636604070663,
-0.07265930622816086,
-0.040499839931726456,
0.007455258630216122,
0.031989965587854385,
-0.04906165599822998,
0.047847069799900055,
-0.02204403653740883,
0.06415063142776489,
-0.05996040999889374,
0.0305648036301136,
0.051546432077884674,
0.016530590131878853,
0.0038561157416552305,
0.05569542571902275,
0.07416350394487381,
0.007636077236384153,
0.025704048573970795,
-0.06959738582372665,
0.02855176106095314,
0.057433463633060455,
-0.08590482175350189,
-0.052739061415195465,
-0.04370748624205589,
-0.008123859763145447,
0.026932112872600555,
-0.0017823255620896816,
-0.03961731120944023,
-0.06399508565664291,
-0.06068119779229164,
-0.11848421394824982,
-0.026686837896704674,
-0.056463148444890976,
-0.08134280145168304,
-0.12160451710224152,
0.03010614588856697,
0.03582300245761871,
0.07028604298830032,
0.03507169708609581,
0.05071773752570152,
-0.10911151021718979,
0.029281239956617355,
-0.07214044034481049,
-0.004677569027990103,
-0.10915780067443848,
0.09416850656270981,
-0.03977926820516586,
0.08563302457332611,
0.0187993086874485,
0.046863455325365067,
0.006240465212613344,
0.05839661508798599,
-0.04071462154388428,
0.0028045643121004105,
0.03737235814332962,
0.06502312421798706,
0.008105793967843056,
-0.011487306095659733,
-0.038104474544525146,
0.01079203374683857,
0.027136458083987236,
0.03367392346262932,
-0.009514599107205868,
-0.05546300485730171,
-0.0029008255805820227,
-0.008335393853485584,
-0.03371488302946091,
-0.012892895378172398,
0.13435734808444977,
-0.06818398833274841,
0.0016473426949232817,
-0.01767648383975029,
-0.0008854178013280034,
-0.014388572424650192,
-0.06159253418445587,
0.018683290109038353,
0.031435806304216385,
0.014510666951537132,
0.03919791430234909,
0.06415825337171555,
-0.08221093565225601,
0.03224923834204674,
-0.0018974129343405366,
-0.016293661668896675,
0.05593511462211609,
-0.07566520571708679,
-0.024445662274956703,
-0.046166758984327316,
3.186782817494484e-33,
-0.023277565836906433,
0.026012474671006203,
0.01860550418496132,
-0.0706043392419815,
-0.04212835431098938,
0.011484022252261639,
0.03290596604347229,
0.022067148238420486,
0.04997856914997101,
-0.014959625899791718,
-0.032835643738508224,
0.01906263642013073,
0.04981229826807976,
-0.0040448871441185474,
-0.053827304393053055,
-0.1075211763381958,
-0.005283169914036989,
-0.027220292016863823,
0.09739159047603607,
0.013353360816836357,
0.06392476707696915,
-0.05268267169594765,
-0.001030856161378324,
0.08120892196893692,
0.006128203589469194,
0.001385953975841403,
0.015463866293430328,
-0.013686916790902615,
-0.04194250330328941,
0.03331553936004639,
0.0328286811709404,
-0.016065280884504318,
0.030402403324842453,
-0.03125660866498947,
-0.06261102855205536,
0.007492526900023222,
0.029816672205924988,
-0.002257363172248006,
-0.046419400721788406,
0.006798482500016689,
0.011318447068333626,
0.050770290195941925,
-0.02678949572145939,
-0.0017523322021588683,
-0.05692490562796593,
0.019894320517778397,
0.14929121732711792,
-0.0025053087156265974,
-0.01947053335607052,
-0.02354595437645912,
-0.11247630417346954,
0.09628771245479584,
-0.047214239835739136,
0.004960266407579184,
0.016368642449378967,
-0.042994190007448196,
0.04996307194232941,
-0.03738367184996605,
-0.029559114947915077,
0.03500552847981453,
-0.010485191829502583,
0.1406848281621933,
0.02329222299158573,
-0.05428679659962654,
-0.058339621871709824,
-0.01929469220340252,
0.009177977219223976,
-0.013480301015079021,
-0.040401309728622437,
-0.014626918360590935,
0.07344966381788254,
-0.004517727997153997,
0.0486016608774662,
-0.03384587913751602,
0.09616176038980484,
-0.06770962476730347,
0.017659733071923256,
0.055777598172426224,
0.03204292058944702,
-0.09002839028835297,
-0.12008421868085861,
0.02492482401430607,
0.05197027325630188,
0.004572328180074692,
-0.03346427157521248,
-0.1236853301525116,
0.04570017009973526,
0.05224462226033211,
-0.03688964620232582,
0.011764511466026306,
0.04902862384915352,
-0.004563306923955679,
0.04503266140818596,
0.05131145194172859,
0.030428029596805573,
-2.650303542497508e-33,
0.012715134769678116,
0.07215739041566849,
-0.03715213015675545,
-0.01285927277058363,
-0.029100613668560982,
-0.020763415843248367,
0.05121895298361778,
-0.040339838713407516,
0.048979707062244415,
-0.06655599176883698,
-0.027940524742007256,
0.011075377464294434,
-0.05395834147930145,
-0.0106253232806921,
0.03239976987242699,
0.014010085724294186,
-0.01492002047598362,
-0.01614796184003353,
-0.015622434206306934,
0.07478643953800201,
-0.06143062934279442,
0.02924569509923458,
-0.04365161061286926,
0.006682088132947683,
0.030183034017682076,
0.036613401025533676,
0.020683355629444122,
-0.0006611857679672539,
0.017277812585234642,
-0.005124515853822231,
-0.09992168098688126,
-0.0298134908080101,
-0.08887555450201035,
0.045666374266147614,
-0.04394100233912468,
-0.015812693163752556,
0.013590525835752487,
0.010153340175747871,
0.02189774066209793,
0.048618074506521225,
0.07520594447851181,
0.030530469492077827,
0.009899062104523182,
0.10059482604265213,
0.01116893719881773,
0.026743410155177116,
0.06384080648422241,
-0.05501994490623474,
0.05677768215537071,
-0.03045506589114666,
0.015351447276771069,
-0.013647573068737984,
-0.009279284626245499,
0.08473150432109833,
-0.07957279682159424,
0.012200605124235153,
0.04154606908559799,
0.07051438838243484,
-0.09398485720157623,
-0.05970573052763939,
0.0652761459350586,
-0.008325399830937386,
0.06448997557163239,
0.010000564157962799,
0.03131165727972984,
0.01545986533164978,
0.03183721378445625,
-0.07471611350774765,
0.09561147540807724,
-0.04564863070845604,
-0.007364563178271055,
-0.09197639673948288,
0.06716501712799072,
-0.03704157471656799,
-0.021501073613762856,
0.009075647220015526,
0.04206279292702675,
-0.030333958566188812,
0.00032035086769610643,
-0.016860904172062874,
-0.044415585696697235,
0.06938178092241287,
-0.056371238082647324,
-0.038532014936208725,
-0.00012100873573217541,
-0.11937861144542694,
0.0950576439499855,
-0.029759211465716362,
-0.00224511232227087,
0.03792798891663551,
-0.07648845762014389,
0.008352641947567463,
-0.01204817183315754,
0.05149206146597862,
-0.010622141882777214,
-6.082181158717503e-8,
0.05027551203966141,
-0.03417763486504555,
-0.07806038856506348,
-0.036806896328926086,
0.11483240127563477,
-0.011210627853870392,
0.03168470039963722,
-0.02030351385474205,
-0.049914781004190445,
0.06441082060337067,
0.1016816571354866,
0.059106919914484024,
0.046742673963308334,
-0.007694683037698269,
-0.1093011423945427,
-0.00476137176156044,
-0.0021607987582683563,
0.023506248369812965,
0.0010163735132664442,
-0.049184400588274,
-0.014596831053495407,
0.046665724366903305,
-0.03254178538918495,
-0.04886407405138016,
0.01018687803298235,
0.007780818268656731,
-0.006463268771767616,
-0.01940259523689747,
0.07275649905204773,
-0.010028596967458725,
-0.008133129216730595,
0.015478482469916344,
0.0014579358976334333,
-0.07697439193725586,
-0.013774873688817024,
-0.0016772083472460508,
-0.08672722429037094,
-0.017807306721806526,
0.05725190043449402,
0.10857722163200378,
-0.010390236042439938,
-0.048019666224718094,
-0.03058077022433281,
0.0038146593142300844,
0.006369275040924549,
0.0025901461485773325,
-0.2089998424053192,
-0.05683920904994011,
-0.006001353729516268,
0.05448408052325249,
0.009415640495717525,
0.049682002514600754,
-0.0012319403467699885,
0.03270695358514786,
0.07505755126476288,
0.017326921224594116,
-0.017981473356485367,
-0.050625551491975784,
-0.02945042960345745,
0.00833218079060316,
-0.00955214723944664,
-0.0684519112110138,
-0.04141760617494583,
-0.05070396140217781
] | {
"pdf_file": "MM5SPPOP2IPOL6OON3JH2H3MDCHIYPJ3.pdf",
"text": "~~~OUNTAIN., .- . ,.. .\n~ 1.. o... ,\", 0 ;; \" \nn. r.:' U\n(U:JII:,,'::..) ;,\nIIU')-'\n201 South Main, Suite 2300\nSalt lake City, Utah 84111\nMay 29, 2007i\\;, f ..\nUTiLI\"! L.., ,\\ .. \\ ~ ~::) \nj C,\nVIA OVERNIGHT MAIL\nIdaho Public Utilities Commission\n472 W. Washington\nBoise, ID 83702\nAttention: Jean D. Jewell\nCommission Secretary\nRE: Case No. P AC- 07-\nAnnual Notice of Revision ofQF Variable Energy Prices\nIn compliance with IPUC Order No. 29316 , Rocky Mountain Power , a division ofPacifiCorp, is\nproviding the updated QF variable energy price in accordance with the terms of the 1992\namendments to Idaho QF power purchase agreements.\nThe variable energy rate applicable to deliveries commencing July 1 , 2007 extending through\nJune 30, 2008 shall be $12. 17/MWH. The calculation is attached , together with the relevant\npages from the Company s FERC Form 1 for year/period ending 2006/Q4 (refer to items\nhigWighted in blue).\nIf you have any questions , please feel free to call or email Mark Widmer at (503) 813- 5541 or\nmark. widmer~pacifi Corp. com\nSincerely,\nMJf\nVice President , Regulation\nEnclosures CarbonPacifiCorp\nTotal Variable Energy Rate\nfor 2007 2008\nNaughton Huntington Hunter Totals\nFuel Cost ($) $ 13,633,123 $ 65, 409065 $ 56, 823,628 $ 86,493,418 $ 222, 359,234\n2006 FERC FORM 1 - Page 402 Line 20\nGeneration (MWH) 1 312553\n2006 FERC FORM 1 . Page 402 Line 12\nAverage Fuel Cost ($/MWH)\nVariable O&M\nIPUC Order 30078. Dated June 29. 2006\nTotal Variable Energy Rate for 2007 I 2008929,400 139,007\nFor deliveries commencing July 1 , 2007 extending through June 30, 2008\n13 PacifiCorp/OFs contracts with approved 1992 amendment language\nIjh Id AC June 2007 - Update 2007 Variable Coal Energy Rate 2007 0525. xls (2007)477,276 858,236\n10.66 IMWH\n51 IMWH\n12.17 IMWH\n5/25/2007 3:37 PM Name of Respondent This ~ort Is: Date of Report Year/Period of Report\nPacifiCorp (1) An Original (Mo, Da, Yr)2006/Q4(2)0 A Resubmission 05/17/2007End of\nSTEAM-ELECTRIC GENERATING PLANT STATISTICS (Large Plants)\n1. Report data for plant in Service only, 2. Large plants are steam plants with installed capacity (name plate rating) of 25 000 Kw or more. Report in\nthis page gas- turbine and internal combustion plants of 10, 000 Kw or more , and nuclear plants. 3. Indicate by a footnote any plant leased or operated\nas a joint facility. 4. If net peak demand for 60 minutes is not available , give data which is available , specifying period. 5. If any employees attend\nmore than one plant , report on line 11 the approximate average number of employees assignable to each plant. 6. If gas is used and purchased on a\ntherm basis report the Btu content or the gas and the quantity of fuel burned converted to Mct. 7. Quantities of fuel burned (Line 38) and average cost\nper unit offuel burned (Line 41) must be consistent with charges to expense accounts 501 and 547 (Line 42) as show on Line 20. 8. If more than one\nfuel is burned in a plant furnish only the composite heat rate for all fuels burned.\nLine Item Plant Plant\nNo. Name: Carbon Name:Cholla\n(a) (b) (c)\n1 Kind of Plant (Internal Comb , Gas Turb, Nuclear Steam Steam\nType of Constr (Conventional , Outdoor , Boiler, etc) Outdoor Boiler Full Outdoor\n3 Year Originally Constructed 1954 1981\nYear Last Unit was Installed 1957 1981\n5 Total Installed Cap (Max Gen Name Plate Ratings- MW) 188. 414.\nNet Peak Demand on Plant - MW (60 minutes) 175 378\n7 Plant Hours Connected to Load 8718 8332\n8 Net Continuous Plant Capability (Megawatts)\n9 When Not Limited by Condenser Water 172 380\nWhen Limited by Condenser Water\nAverage Number of Employees\nNet Generation , Exclusive of Plant Use - KWh 1312553000 2755783000\nCost of Plant: Land and Land Rights 956546 1246363\nStructures and Improvements 12195375 46531254\nEquipment Costs 78255924 327174942\nAsset Retirement Costs 313308 35051\nTotal Cost 91721153 374987610\nCost per KW of Installed Capacity (line 17/5) Including 486.3264 905.7672\nProduction Expenses: Oper , Supv, & Engr 103478 1526906\nFuel 13633123 45467404\nCoolants and Water (Nuclear Plants Only)\nSteam Expenses 1235100 2488756\nSteam From Other Sources\nSteam Transferred (Cr)\nElectric Expenses 1897270 1353347\nMisc Steam (or Nuclear) Power Expenses 3853893 1783535\nRents 32322 122887\nAllowances\nMaintenance Supervision and Engineering 2432903\nMaintenance of Structures 233317 675302\nMaintenance of Boiler (or reactor) Plant 2403799 3033534\nMaintenance of Electric Plant 864401 646757\nMaintenance of Misc Steam (or Nuclear) Plant 355705 2501736\nTotal Production Expenses 24612408 62033067\nExpenses per Net KWh 0188 0225\nFuel: Kind (Coal , Gas, Oil, or Nuclear) Coal Oil Composite Coal Oil Composite\nUnit (Coal- tons/Oil-barrel/Gas-mcf/N uclear - indicate) Tons Barrels Tons Barrels\nQuantity (Units) of Fuel Burned 632354 2908 1527105 1855\nAvg Heat Cont - Fuel Burned (btu/indicate if nuclear) 11709 140000 9712 136093\nAvg Cost of Fuel/unit , as Delvd f. b. during year 20.548 77.503 000 28.955 72.751 000\nAverage Cost of Fuel per Unit Burned 21.203 000 000 29.685 000 000\nAverage Cost of Fuel Burned per Million BTU 905 13.181 920 528 12.728 532\nAverage Cost of Fuel Burned per KWh Net Gen 010 000 010 016 000 016\nAverage BTU per KWh Net Generation 11282.18413.027 11295.21110763.724848 10767.572\nFERC FORM NO. 1 (REV. 12- 03) Page 402 Name of Respondent This ~ort Is: Date of Report Year/Period of Report\nPacifiCorp (1) An Original (Mo, Da, Yr)2006/Q4(2)DA Resubmission 05/17/2007End of\nSTEAM- ELECTRIC GENERATING PLANT STATISTICS (Large Plants) (Continued)\n1. Report data for plant in Service only. 2. Large plants are steam plants with installed capacity (name plate rating) of 25 000 Kw or more. Report in\nthis page gas- turbine and internal combustion plants of 10, 000 Kw or more , and nuclear plants. 3. Indicate by a footnote any plant leased or operated\nas a joint facility. 4. If net peak demand for 60 minutes is not available , give data which is available , specifying period. 5. If any employees attend\nmore than one plant , report on line 11 the approximate average number of employees assignable to each plant. 6, If gas is used and purchased on a\ntherm basis report the Btu content or the gas and the quantity of fuel burned converted to Mct. 7. Quantities of fuel burned (Line 38) and average cost\nper unit of fuel burned (Line 41) must be consistent with charges to expense accounts 501 and 547 (Line 42) as show on Line 20. 8. If more than one\nfuel is burned in a plant furnish only the composite heat rate for all fuels burned.\nLine Item Plant Plant\nNo. Name: Huntington Name: Jim Bridger\n(a) (b) (c)\nKind of Plant (Internal Comb , Gas Turb, Nuclear Steam Steam\nType of Constr (Conventional , Outdoor , Boiler, etc) Outdoor Boiler Semi-Outdoor\nYear Originally Constructed 1974 1974\nYear Last Unit was Installed 1977 1979\nTotal Installed Cap (Max Gen Name Plate Ratings- MW) 996. 1541.\nNet Peak Demand on Plant - MW (60 minutes) 916 1400\nPlant Hours Connected to Load 8729 8760\nNet Continuous Plant Capability (Megawatts)\nWhen Not Limited by Condenser Water 895 1413\nWhen Limited by Condenser Water\nAverage Number of Employees 167 342\nNet Generation , Exclusive of Plant Use - KWh 6139007000 10060478000\nCost of Plant: Land and Land Rights 2386782 1161925\nStructures and Improvements 100385029 133223694\nEquipment Costs 511645641 762621386\nAsset Retirement Costs 2709703 9171815\nTotal Cost 617127155 906178820\nCost per KW of Installed Capacity (line 17/5) Including 619.6056 588.0078\nProduction Expenses: Oper , Supv, & Engr 12960 16749677\nFuel 56823628 134687486\nCoolants and Water (Nuclear Plants Only)\nSteam Expenses 6056760 3541899\nSteam From Other Sources\nSteam Transferred (Cr)\nElectric Expenses 132186\nMisc Steam (or Nuclear) Power Expenses 9627725 15298152\nRents 89768 728304\nAllowances\nMaintenance Supervision and Engineering 1343814 1361822\nMaintenance of Structures 1374744 7673456\nMaintenance of Boiler (or reactor) Plant 10468523 24789113\nMaintenance of Electric Plant 5011369 7067362\nMaintenance of Misc Steam (or Nuclear) Plant 1188364 2174513\nTotal Production Expenses 91997655 183607666\nExpenses per Net KWh 0150 0183\nFuel: Kind (Coal , Gas, Oil , or Nuclear) Coal Oil Composite Coal Oil Composite\nUnit (Coal- tons/Oil-barrel/Gas-mcf/Nuclear- indicate) Tons Barrels Tons Barrels\nQuantity (Units) of Fuel Burned 2621873 12812 5695821 24008\nAvg Heat Cont - Fuel Burned (btu/indicate if nuclear) 11219 140000 9219 140000\nAvg Cost of Fuel/unit, as Delvd f. b. during year 21.255 81.877 000 23.586 93.706 000\nAverage Cost of Fuel per Unit Burned 21.273 000 000 23.252 000 000\nAverage Cost of Fuel Burned per Million BTU 948 13.925 965 261 15.936 281\nAverage Cost of Fuel Burned per KWh Net Gen 009 000 009 013 000 013\nAverage BTU per KWh Net Generation 9583.20712.272 9595.479 10438.95314.032 10452,984\nFERC FORM NO.1 (REV. 12- 03) Page 402. Name of Respondent This ~ort Is: Date of Report Year/Period of Report\nPacifiCorp (1) An Original (Mo, Da, Yr)2006/Q4(2)DA Resubmission 05/17/2007End of\nSTEAM- ELECTRIC GENERATING PLANT STATISTICS (Large Plants)(Continued)\n9. Items under Cost of Plant are based on U. S. of A. Accounts. Production expenses do not include Purchased Power , System Control and Load\nDispatching, and Other Expenses Classified as Other Power Supply Expenses. 10. For IC and GT plants , report Operating Expenses, Account Nos.\n547 and 549 on Line 25 \" Electric Expenses, \" and Maintenance Account Nos, 553 and 554 on Line 32, \"\nMaintenance of Electric Plant.\" Indicate plants\ndesigned for peak load service. Designate automatically operated plants. 11. For a plant equipped with combinations of fossil fuel steam , nuclear\nsteam, hydro, internal combustion or gas- turbine equipment , report each as a separate plant. However , if a gas-turbine unit functions in a combined\ncycle operation with a conventional steam unit, include the gas- turbine with the steam plant. 12. If a nuclear power generating plant , briefly explain by\nfootnote (a) accounting method for cost of power generated including any excess costs attributed to research and development; (b) types of cost units\nused for the various components of fuel cost; and (c) any other informative data concerning plant type fuel used , fuel enrichment type and quantity for the\nreport period and other physical and operating characteristics of plant.\nPlant Plant Plant Line\nName: Hunter Unit No. Name:Hunter Unit No. Name:Hunter- Total Plant No.\n(d) (e) (f)\nSteam Steam Steam\nOutdoor Boiler Outdoor Boiler Outdoor Boiler\n1980 1983 1978\n1980 1983 1983\n285. 495. 1223.\n271 459 1143\n7288 8129 8760\n259 460 1122\n225\n1828040000 3433975000 8477276000\n9688975 10275400 29653350\n50557997 89608334 201765762\n153975955 378888393 764145430\n1893538 1893538 5680614\n216116465 480665665 1001245156\n758.3034 970.0619 818.3450\n18608228 34932246 86493418\n2945176 2961088 8858277\n41300 41300 123900\n-4669798 2791516 300537\n31237 35829 105385\n1783200 1446619 4695032\n7892743 5782359 18813958\n3421677 884164 5123522\n258996 309695 930875\n30312759 49184816 125444904\n0166 0143 0148\nCoal Oil Composite Coal Oil Composite Coal Oil Composite\nTons Barrels Tons Barrels Tons Barrels\n841436 2949 1580669 11726 3954190 16505\n11335 140000 11185 140000 11215 140000\n000 000 000 000 000 000 21.402 87.456 000\n21.810 000 000 21.426 000 000 21.509 000 000\n962 14.774 975 958 15.449 986 959 14.874 974\n010 000 010 010 000 010 010 000 010\n10434.867 9.485 10444.352 10296.978 20,078 10317.056 10462.363 11.448 10473.811\nFERC FORM NO.1 (REV. 12- 03) Page 403. Name of Respondent This ~ort Is: Date of Report Year/Period of Report\nPacifiCorp (1) An Original (Mo, Da, Yr)2006/Q4(2)DA Resubmission 05/17/2007End of\nSTEAM- ELECTRIC GENERATING PLANT STATISTICS (Large Plants)(Continued)\n9. Items under Cost of Plant are based on U. S. of A. Accounts. Production expenses do not include Purchased Power , System Control and Load\nDispatching, and Other Expenses Classified as Other Power Supply Expenses. 10. For IC and GT plants , report Operating Expenses , Account Nos.\n547 and 549 on Line 25 \" Electric Expenses, \" and Maintenance Account Nos. 553 and 554 on Line 32, \"\nMaintenance of Electric Plant.\" Indicate plants\ndesigned for peak load service. Designate automatically operated plants. 11. For a plant equipped with combinations of fossil fuel steam , nuclear\nsteam, hydro, internal combustion or gas- turbine equipment , report each as a separate plant. However , if a gas- turbine unit functions in a combined\ncycle operation with a conventional steam unit , include the gas- turbine with the steam plant. 12, If a nuclear power generating plant , briefly explain by\nfootnote (a) accounting method for cost of power generated including any excess costs attributed to research and development; (b) types of cost units\nused for the various components of fuel cost; and (c) any other informative data concerning plant type fuel used. fuel enrichment type and quantity for the\nreport period and other physical and operating characteristics of plant.\nPlant Plant Plant Line\nName: Naughton Name:Wyodak Name:Gadsby Steam Plant No.\n(d) (e) (f)\nSteam Steam Steam\nOutdoor Boiler Conventional Outdoor\n1963 1978 1951\n1971 1978 1955\n707. 289. 257.\n704 278 213\n8760 7207 1651\n700 268 235\n145\n4929400000 1886039000 130819000\n4290776 210526 1252090\n60389753 49345431 13877760\n314227168 278145860 56496749\n4359064 301453 746792\n383266761 328003270 72373391\n541.9496 1132.2170 280.9526\n501341 2544249 46172\n65409065 15020362 7793183\n7378618\n41914\n7102076 991108 2718842\n2000 7796 1219\n1490534\n1064394 407401 74305\n8178136 9158158 531662\n3005603 2952695 613311\n564432 902250 490962\n94738113 31984065 12269656\n0192 0170 0938\nCoal Gas Composite Coal Oil Composite Gas\nTons MCF Tons Barrels MCF\n2603974 153975 1357141 10067 1806776\n9852 1057 7979 140000 1056\n25.037 000 000 10.589 93.308 000 000 000 000\n24.870 214 000 10.376 000 000 313 000 000\n262 906 271 650 15.869 692 087 000 000\n013 000 013 008 000 008 060 000 000\n10408.539 33.701 10442.240 11482.931 31.385 11514.317 14576.132 000 000\nFERC FORM NO.1 (REV. 12- 03) Page 403."
} |
[
-0.03483397141098976,
0.011102359741926193,
0.03680810332298279,
-0.01251025777310133,
-0.04552947357296944,
0.0351732075214386,
0.01624414324760437,
-0.03137599676847458,
0.04790549352765083,
0.05556721240282059,
-0.003643532982096076,
0.08305196464061737,
0.012649879790842533,
-0.0002289528783876449,
-0.0726909264922142,
0.08282214403152466,
-0.018842998892068863,
0.023264747112989426,
-0.06980043649673462,
0.015439593233168125,
-0.019179817289114,
0.056672386825084686,
-0.011900760233402252,
0.0593024305999279,
-0.08101033419370651,
0.04074117913842201,
0.007755836471915245,
-0.1110040545463562,
-0.02290472388267517,
-0.045756541192531586,
-0.018883515149354935,
-0.13339897990226746,
0.0378713458776474,
0.06188091263175011,
0.02636345475912094,
0.09973718225955963,
0.09812735766172409,
0.02426733262836933,
-0.04135527461767197,
-0.05162183940410614,
-0.03612462058663368,
-0.06488501280546188,
0.026005806401371956,
0.06272720545530319,
-0.005284122657030821,
-0.024452541023492813,
0.041285671293735504,
-0.0889633446931839,
-0.03096039779484272,
-0.04470331594347954,
0.10027550905942917,
-0.1037420928478241,
-0.011945015750825405,
-0.06458485126495361,
-0.017261143773794174,
0.07266902923583984,
-0.0005716004525311291,
-0.019367296248674393,
0.008527809754014015,
-0.010439370758831501,
-0.05002289265394211,
-0.01877102069556713,
0.001567575498484075,
0.04788251221179962,
-0.022502709180116653,
-0.069343701004982,
-0.02111629582941532,
0.00837363675236702,
-0.0894707590341568,
-0.01982101984322071,
-0.04021158069372177,
0.07286066561937332,
0.1458967924118042,
-0.006429309956729412,
0.05170547589659691,
0.02924715355038643,
0.062268681824207306,
0.0313006192445755,
0.07910603284835815,
-0.03751402720808983,
0.06306398659944534,
0.016211016103625298,
0.04105326905846596,
-0.02079414203763008,
0.008400297723710537,
-0.019121721386909485,
-0.054404471069574356,
0.004770915489643812,
0.01921127177774906,
-0.04013107717037201,
-0.04145321622490883,
-0.010472586378455162,
0.008560258895158768,
-0.03794326260685921,
-0.014065517112612724,
-0.05975213274359703,
-0.10098192095756531,
-0.018699966371059418,
-0.05990811437368393,
0.0884258896112442,
-0.02868996188044548,
0.13612359762191772,
-0.026913167908787727,
-0.036908745765686035,
-0.013310776092112064,
-0.012151879258453846,
-0.06368119269609451,
-0.06223517283797264,
-0.05007962882518768,
-0.00033363327383995056,
-0.0003714984923135489,
-0.02303193137049675,
-0.03611814230680466,
0.019005483016371727,
0.06767008453607559,
0.06378818303346634,
0.02765187993645668,
0.023311644792556763,
0.0017449937295168638,
-0.09316762536764145,
0.0006241884548217058,
-0.0024647181853652,
-0.05730884522199631,
-0.08509393036365509,
-0.054665204137563705,
-0.08630151301622391,
0.01148958783596754,
3.094172229748919e-33,
0.050807058811187744,
0.07449996471405029,
0.05986747518181801,
0.010289615951478481,
0.010387124493718147,
-0.007369800470769405,
0.05476659536361694,
-0.025929173454642296,
-0.027636805549263954,
-0.09297661483287811,
0.10416989028453827,
0.06480585038661957,
0.04814290627837181,
0.058043621480464935,
-0.051782988011837006,
0.06133604794740677,
-0.1195540726184845,
0.01079110149294138,
-0.044201791286468506,
0.04911048710346222,
0.08598596602678299,
-0.01679905690252781,
0.004140582866966724,
-0.0027422471903264523,
-0.0073787071742117405,
-0.05035370960831642,
0.022083917632699013,
0.0714784562587738,
0.03788086026906967,
-0.008529884740710258,
-0.0017474232008680701,
-0.02161291241645813,
0.010854972526431084,
-0.018588008359074593,
0.0716688334941864,
-0.07841449975967407,
0.048560138791799545,
0.01236836425960064,
0.019764145836234093,
-0.0623510368168354,
0.015307895839214325,
-0.039773307740688324,
0.04494467005133629,
0.011206083931028843,
0.03339109569787979,
0.058296047151088715,
0.15221229195594788,
0.0419100783765316,
0.08274127542972565,
0.029882492497563362,
-0.0159126129001379,
-0.0382639616727829,
-0.08158021420240402,
-0.060498856008052826,
-0.03139084577560425,
0.009723528288304806,
0.03024017997086048,
0.04857803136110306,
-0.003611120628193021,
-0.11649137735366821,
-0.04062320664525032,
0.036043696105480194,
0.005104662850499153,
-0.015092398971319199,
-0.050246886909008026,
-0.0009298364748246968,
-0.028293538838624954,
0.0334039032459259,
0.03450218588113785,
-0.007604884449392557,
0.0290509220212698,
0.026568466797471046,
-0.02789791114628315,
-0.00255529023706913,
-0.023486731573939323,
-0.029414279386401176,
0.05600357428193092,
-0.041542187333106995,
0.10285406559705734,
-0.0020813506562262774,
-0.01932983100414276,
-0.041034258902072906,
0.09757591038942337,
-0.06959781050682068,
0.00645817257463932,
-0.024793758988380432,
-0.0016408698866143823,
-0.026548944413661957,
0.03625514730811119,
0.0729157105088234,
-0.0005962892319075763,
0.02965427003800869,
-0.041878730058670044,
0.060817450284957886,
-0.07618752866983414,
-5.338692734619673e-33,
0.11428678780794144,
0.04892728477716446,
-0.03783010318875313,
0.08920754492282867,
0.04392380267381668,
-0.03644630312919617,
-0.041255056858062744,
0.02966347336769104,
0.007687843404710293,
-0.051903266459703445,
0.06429789960384369,
0.023382283747196198,
-0.002727022860199213,
0.060421571135520935,
-0.015565133653581142,
-0.06385818123817444,
0.006883372087031603,
0.001546465209685266,
-0.02545139752328396,
-0.10415495187044144,
0.013520928099751472,
0.13254134356975555,
-0.06752298772335052,
-0.010329876095056534,
0.017908217385411263,
-0.062134671956300735,
-0.0056310961954295635,
0.0052591050043702126,
-0.010431845672428608,
0.0014294757274910808,
-0.0022438603918999434,
-0.021129745990037918,
-0.012024907395243645,
0.029994720593094826,
-0.08701854199171066,
0.030002756044268608,
0.017547357827425003,
-0.059746600687503815,
-0.0819111317396164,
0.11916464567184448,
0.059171631932258606,
-0.053382426500320435,
-0.05666552111506462,
0.002993051428347826,
-0.06549297273159027,
0.02719545178115368,
-0.027159463614225388,
-0.029312120750546455,
-0.003074674168601632,
-0.00009600560588296503,
-0.058706313371658325,
-0.030754152685403824,
-0.05996805056929588,
0.016300266608595848,
0.11108765751123428,
0.11378603428602219,
0.0904349610209465,
0.00345088099129498,
0.042629268020391464,
0.014200396835803986,
-0.014412437565624714,
-0.036588698625564575,
0.011020571924746037,
-0.06562163680791855,
0.03822239860892296,
-0.047172002494335175,
0.04842843487858772,
0.059490859508514404,
-0.032143544405698776,
0.06394680589437485,
0.025537345558404922,
0.017508208751678467,
-0.05332525819540024,
-0.10826095193624496,
-0.03930823877453804,
0.04374052211642265,
0.008939745835959911,
-0.05789681896567345,
-0.08508025109767914,
0.008923728950321674,
-0.07642850279808044,
-0.06713449954986572,
0.02578635700047016,
-0.0003358664980623871,
0.020807094871997833,
0.05762229114770889,
0.018031831830739975,
-0.028485802933573723,
-0.0043233721517026424,
0.06430486589670181,
-0.006961908657103777,
0.06389626860618591,
0.005463390611112118,
-0.02612834982573986,
-0.08623511344194412,
-5.9554675857498296e-8,
0.009830933064222336,
-0.033614277839660645,
-0.10087351500988007,
-0.02971627190709114,
0.014913537539541721,
-0.03936207666993141,
0.030798954889178276,
-0.061675701290369034,
-0.04119180142879486,
0.12443449348211288,
0.028799155727028847,
-0.019627390429377556,
-0.028289832174777985,
-0.002724843332543969,
0.06856626272201538,
0.030674094334244728,
-0.02076716162264347,
0.023953000083565712,
-0.04478101059794426,
-0.04050830379128456,
0.007719398941844702,
-0.004004881251603365,
-0.014837897382676601,
-0.011062565259635448,
-0.005553069990128279,
-0.018821079283952713,
-0.028522012755274773,
0.11649081856012344,
-0.01586896926164627,
0.018470875918865204,
-0.008371842093765736,
0.011428577825427055,
-0.07405292242765427,
-0.13636353611946106,
-0.011703450232744217,
0.03605346009135246,
-0.011597180739045143,
-0.03802937641739845,
0.05769749730825424,
0.07659370452165604,
0.013694318011403084,
0.03134770318865776,
0.057071853429079056,
0.03444485366344452,
0.004530271049588919,
0.03042493388056755,
-0.0633205696940422,
0.02632831037044525,
-0.0036584504414349794,
0.07279202342033386,
-0.06591741740703583,
-0.05495624989271164,
-0.048459142446517944,
0.013212008401751518,
0.04559630900621414,
-0.012579754926264286,
-0.02642350271344185,
-0.10502415150403976,
-0.013598495163023472,
0.013528687879443169,
0.013559659942984581,
-0.029382575303316116,
0.021882621571421623,
0.04130024090409279
] | {
"pdf_file": "73KIZM2KPVDJHMKWM5X36DBUKAOOCWZ4.pdf",
"text": "National Teacher Appreciation Week 2012\nWritten by Mike Honda\nWednesday, 09 May 2012 12:13\nToday, as part of National Teacher Appreciation Week, I want to thank each and every teacher\nfor their amazing service to their students and this country.\n \nOn April 24thPresident Obama honored California Teacher, Rebecca Mieliwock, as Teacher of\nthe Year in an event held at the White House. During the event on the 24th, the\nPresident sagely articulated that teachers in this country are not just working for their students\nor for their schools, but for the forward progress of our entire country. The American dream is\nfirst ignited in the classroom; only through effective support and funding of educators’ crucial\nwork can we hope to keep America exceptional in the 21\nst\nCentury.\n \nIn February, Secretary of Education Arne Duncan announced the RESPECT Program, an effort\nto promote collaborative teaching and professional development. It is an appropriate acronym\nand attribute for this profession. As an educator of more than 30 years, I have boundless\nrespect for those that embrace the awesome responsiblity of educating our children. Teachers\nmust have our boundless gratitude, support and respect every day of the year.\n \nMany people can point back to one teacher or class experience in elementary, high school or\ncollege that made a big impact on their life. This is the immense affect teachers have upon\nstudents. I can still remember Mr. Williams, my chemistry and physics teacher, at San Jose\nHigh School. It was through his influence and impact that I pursued a degree in the sciences at\nSan Jose State University. A path that led me to become a teacher myself, a principal, a\nschool board leader and ultimately a champion for teachers and students in Congress.\n \nI encourage everyone during National Teacher Appreciation Week, to take a moment to\nremember their favorite teacher and to share a story with your family, friends and colleagues.\nAmerica’s continued and future success begins with each teacher and student. Educators from\nsea to shining sea have a lasting impact upon shaping, developing and encouraging students to\nthrive and flourish within our schools. These dedicated and hard-working men and women are\nthe key to our nation’s future.\n \n 1 / 1"
} |
[
-0.11420797556638718,
-0.005829996429383755,
0.025456467643380165,
-0.030983373522758484,
0.021866433322429657,
-0.006291212979704142,
0.0732424259185791,
-0.00994989462196827,
-0.045013073831796646,
-0.04286183789372444,
-0.05550070106983185,
0.025334304198622704,
0.026826027780771255,
-0.013643818907439709,
-0.09673687070608139,
0.10342852026224136,
0.02079082280397415,
-0.020844198763370514,
-0.12488341331481934,
0.08784317970275879,
-0.03670927882194519,
0.05932065099477768,
-0.0015467695193365216,
0.09911780059337616,
-0.016367768868803978,
-0.0003524008789099753,
-0.08475177735090256,
-0.02271156758069992,
-0.06264221668243408,
-0.02029525116086006,
0.022065546363592148,
-0.11203689128160477,
0.00025667305453680456,
0.038741372525691986,
0.04159848019480705,
0.0765276774764061,
0.05911007151007652,
0.010260145179927349,
-0.05378960072994232,
0.041382692754268646,
0.03222575783729553,
-0.06474564969539642,
0.021042080596089363,
0.04178396612405777,
-0.0011208592914044857,
0.016776220872998238,
0.005129778292030096,
0.04148254916071892,
0.03997223824262619,
-0.018948333337903023,
0.025072121992707253,
0.010419727303087711,
-0.015377918258309364,
-0.05797850713133812,
-0.022501880303025246,
0.02871079556643963,
0.01807706244289875,
0.0044098044745624065,
-0.036458395421504974,
-0.07522525638341904,
-0.02219369076192379,
-0.016307327896356583,
0.04844138026237488,
0.02768230438232422,
-0.04335249960422516,
-0.03129582107067108,
0.03748141601681709,
0.04710214585065842,
-0.07934737950563431,
-0.04179921746253967,
0.022803014144301414,
0.001059116912074387,
0.024381745606660843,
0.010362247936427593,
0.023856710642576218,
0.04475875571370125,
0.08289266377687454,
0.041290439665317535,
0.0185024905949831,
-0.005799431353807449,
0.024465184658765793,
-0.021666143089532852,
0.02265000529587269,
-0.018796639516949654,
0.010128079913556576,
0.03207340091466904,
-0.025093842297792435,
-0.0016837726579979062,
0.019720634445548058,
-0.032021619379520416,
-0.038653742522001266,
-0.0409577451646328,
0.06452742218971252,
0.020998535677790642,
-0.03022894263267517,
-0.0165980514138937,
-0.01708103157579899,
-0.010445118881762028,
-0.09028825908899307,
0.052538126707077026,
0.0077973767183721066,
-0.008846492506563663,
0.04553728923201561,
-0.03889238089323044,
-0.006610426586121321,
-0.06288481503725052,
-0.1020188182592392,
0.039069414138793945,
0.04432307928800583,
0.004339573904871941,
0.09733857959508896,
0.004917040932923555,
-0.004089365713298321,
0.005635854322463274,
-0.023950012400746346,
0.06808654218912125,
-0.12523885071277618,
-0.023513194173574448,
0.01606358401477337,
-0.03305836021900177,
0.06445532292127609,
0.08455805480480194,
-0.08497077971696854,
-0.018646221607923508,
0.07156555354595184,
0.000982628553174436,
0.03021334670484066,
9.453224550267062e-35,
0.01985490322113037,
0.08827719837427139,
0.08618481457233429,
0.03985806182026863,
-0.03949357941746712,
0.009591213427484035,
-0.09368500858545303,
0.05385769531130791,
-0.02119661681354046,
-0.034849680960178375,
-0.0667806938290596,
0.055655427277088165,
0.10973333567380905,
0.03856110945343971,
-0.11112970113754272,
-0.025873346254229546,
-0.05752265825867653,
-0.08777550607919693,
-0.03431318700313568,
-0.00987804401665926,
0.03972717374563217,
0.04197503253817558,
-0.012128532864153385,
0.05041883885860443,
-0.023946383967995644,
-0.05293579399585724,
-0.06115303933620453,
0.0425712950527668,
0.029762407764792442,
0.029884235933423042,
-0.042831044644117355,
0.016033479943871498,
0.00718484353274107,
-0.06812448799610138,
-0.01575508713722229,
-0.05526929721236229,
-0.006905771791934967,
-0.0864730104804039,
-0.04798291251063347,
-0.06505374610424042,
-0.003535335883498192,
0.14729583263397217,
0.031347498297691345,
0.07011110335588455,
0.07916704565286636,
-0.02570664882659912,
0.07670608162879944,
-0.010506599210202694,
0.014610403217375278,
0.006622015032917261,
-0.04592498391866684,
0.0016169908922165632,
0.03399248421192169,
-0.047552186995744705,
0.02972877398133278,
-0.018936648964881897,
-0.04269609600305557,
0.1371002346277237,
0.027764886617660522,
-0.07552693039178848,
0.020189985632896423,
0.016495484858751297,
-0.0074239131063222885,
0.030621934682130814,
-0.040833622217178345,
0.011695019900798798,
0.010998819023370743,
-0.002570169046521187,
-0.01819111406803131,
0.01639542356133461,
-0.025881193578243256,
0.03533657640218735,
-0.027573926374316216,
-0.00736920814961195,
-0.07977624982595444,
0.009389195591211319,
0.05269566923379898,
-0.0016958885826170444,
0.13031741976737976,
-0.07911838591098785,
-0.02870432659983635,
-0.03765775263309479,
0.032004814594984055,
0.01125582680106163,
0.1192193403840065,
-0.020522410050034523,
0.029300501570105553,
-0.04181884229183197,
0.012081467546522617,
0.014027158729732037,
-0.04096997156739235,
0.035191845148801804,
0.0682687908411026,
-0.06901544332504272,
-0.05729708820581436,
-1.9552605488211674e-33,
0.03575636073946953,
0.021202662959694862,
0.0713212788105011,
0.04713411629199982,
0.09640109539031982,
-0.057498618960380554,
0.017374420538544655,
-0.030394647270441055,
0.04075846076011658,
0.017681794241070747,
0.00991110596805811,
0.01078867632895708,
0.02461044117808342,
0.06937026232481003,
-0.009249290451407433,
-0.06227414309978485,
0.029637543484568596,
0.030195940285921097,
-0.053785841912031174,
-0.04048032686114311,
-0.044232580810785294,
0.12189741432666779,
-0.0037746098823845387,
0.005854379385709763,
-0.058234117925167084,
0.018576575443148613,
0.002801495837047696,
-0.06561575829982758,
0.03524857759475708,
-0.09000936895608902,
-0.010368023067712784,
0.04201198369264603,
-0.17133615911006927,
-0.01709350012242794,
-0.010743365623056889,
0.039927031844854355,
0.057431355118751526,
0.01315623614937067,
-0.04909658059477806,
-0.014205407351255417,
0.04208727180957794,
-0.0015237291809171438,
-0.03781167417764664,
-0.0019919821061193943,
-0.06370880454778671,
0.03120705857872963,
-0.040317557752132416,
0.019590556621551514,
-0.05941792577505112,
0.0006687674904242158,
-0.13586866855621338,
-0.05604105442762375,
-0.01073592808097601,
0.09155239164829254,
-0.004871742334216833,
-0.050776854157447815,
0.036400776356458664,
-0.04611125960946083,
-0.029406309127807617,
0.0013543221866711974,
-0.06394337117671967,
-0.007634828798472881,
-0.0157942958176136,
0.014829039573669434,
0.042709894478321075,
0.004081977065652609,
0.04293198511004448,
0.028428925201296806,
0.014924069866538048,
0.0367211252450943,
0.05935091897845268,
-0.03513592481613159,
-0.07476837933063507,
-0.09468359500169754,
-0.009987411089241505,
-0.024412518367171288,
-0.0610782653093338,
-0.06465277820825577,
-0.06315969675779343,
-0.026681698858737946,
0.06934474408626556,
-0.07658763229846954,
-0.008816644549369812,
0.04942202568054199,
0.0655885711312294,
0.0339680090546608,
0.04294950142502785,
0.055686865001916885,
0.00033087277552112937,
0.03524418920278549,
-0.03744238615036011,
-0.04237750545144081,
0.03538196533918381,
0.018303852528333664,
0.002209222177043557,
-6.367056215594857e-8,
0.12015701830387115,
0.11456234753131866,
-0.06654933840036392,
-0.028046436607837677,
0.05037884786725044,
-0.0510980449616909,
-0.06535094976425171,
-0.04059460014104843,
-0.0378679521381855,
0.13969914615154266,
0.10003699362277985,
0.060767512768507004,
-0.0252564437687397,
-0.031019411981105804,
0.05517425760626793,
0.020740974694490433,
-0.0788700133562088,
-0.035991813987493515,
-0.05937384441494942,
0.012122977524995804,
0.03157378360629082,
0.037442807108163834,
-0.02550777979195118,
-0.04030097275972366,
0.06995674222707748,
0.018328793346881866,
-0.011603535152971745,
0.008172509260475636,
-0.0169468205422163,
-0.017000535503029823,
0.008949531242251396,
-0.0033194886054843664,
-0.09766621887683868,
-0.023655962198972702,
-0.06269237399101257,
-0.07104062288999557,
0.06624501943588257,
0.05684569850564003,
0.07612539827823639,
-0.03562610596418381,
0.008886409923434258,
0.01859320141375065,
0.01087869517505169,
0.040665190666913986,
0.02562323771417141,
-0.045173030346632004,
-0.0468972884118557,
0.05098387598991394,
-0.010678528808057308,
-0.06441669911146164,
-0.0730346217751503,
-0.0974249616265297,
0.002558749634772539,
0.09879419207572937,
0.05870664492249489,
-0.07812868803739548,
-0.012919075787067413,
-0.002448051469400525,
0.019160959869623184,
-0.031341105699539185,
0.06553119421005249,
-0.07329806685447693,
-0.045521028339862823,
-0.0246184840798378
] | {
"pdf_file": "45W73IZ4UHYYGASU2Y4JO6Q7SC56OPTI.pdf",
"text": "325 Administration of William J. Clinton, 1995 /Feb. 27\ntoday who represent the strong partnership\nin disaster response between the Red Cross\nand AmeriCorps, our national service pro-\ngram. Johnny Jones and Beverly Beyer were\ntrained by you, the Red Cross. They've\nworked side by side with the Red Cross when\ndisaster struck in Idaho during fires and\nHouston after the flood. I'm proud of them\nand the spirit of voluntarism they represent.\nI'd like them to raise their hands and be rec-\nognized. There they are. Thank you very\nmuch. [ Applause ]\nNow I have to do what Elizabeth sent me\nhere to do, the sales pitch. [ Laughter ] Be-\ncause the truth is that for all the work the\nRed Cross does, none of it can happen with-\nout the generous support of the American\npeople, without the million and a half volun-\nteers, the millions of financial contributors,\nand yes, the blood donors.\nSo I urge all Americans to keep up your\nsupport, to give your time, to give your\nmoney, to give your blood, because, as the\nsaying is this year, ``Help Can't Wait.'' I hope\nthe Americ an people will continue to live\nout the ideals of the Red Cross and be good\nneighbors every day.\nThank you very much, and God bless you.\nNOTE: The President spoke at 11:26 a.m. on the\nlawn at Red Cross headquarters. Following his re-\nmarks and a tour of displays, he signed the Amer-\nican Red Cross Month proclamation.\nProclamation 6772ÐAmerican Red\nCross Month, 1995\nFebruary 27, 1995\nBy the President of the United States\nof America\nA Proclamation\nEvery day, thousands of people in need\nlook to the American Red Cross as a banner\nof hope. For disaster victims here and\nabroad, for service men and women seeking\nassistance, and for everyone depending on\na safe and ready supply of bloodÐthe Red\nCross stands prepared to respond. But the\nscope of its service extends well beyond the\nprovision of emergency care. Its broader mis-\nsion is clear: to promote compassion, to fos-ter a spirit of generosity, and to improve the\nhuman condition everywhere.\nSince Clara BartonÐ``The Angel of the\nBattlefield''Ðfounded the American Associa-\ntion of the Red Cross in 1881, its members\nhave been called upon to serve in war and\nin peace. Today, with more than 1 million\ndedicated and experienced volunteers, the\nAmerican Red Cross plays a vital role in\nbringing physical and emotional comfort to\nthose who need it most. Whether they are\nresponding to an emergency or addressing\nthe daily necessities of the homeless and el-\nderly, Red Cross workers have always been\nmodels of community spirit.\nDangers to the health and safety of our\npeople have changed radically during the\npast hundred years, and the Red Cross has\nadapted to meet these needs. Its commit-\nment to caring for others enables us to re-\nstore hope in the lives of injured citizens,\nand its example challenges us to revitalize\nthe covenant of American citizenship. The\nlong-term strength of our Nation depends\nupon our willingness to live out the ideals\nlong embodied by the American Red Cross.\nTo celebrate our past and to safeguard our\nfuture, I am proud to commend the countless\nindividuals whose courage and selflessness\nhave sustained this organization for more\nthan a century.\nNow, Therefore, I, William J. Clinton,\nPresident of the United States of America\nand Honorary Chairman of the American\nRed Cross, by virtue of the authority vested\nin me by the Constitution and laws of the\nUnited States, do hereby proclaim March\n1995 as ``American Red Cross Month.'' I urge\nall Americans to show support for the more\nthan 2,000 Red Cross chapters nationwide,\nand I challenge each of you to become active\nparticipants in advancing the noble mission\nof the Red Cross.\nIn Witness Whereof, I have hereunto set\nmy hand this twenty-seventh day of Feb-\nruary, in the year of our Lord nineteen hun-\ndred and ninety-five, and of the Independ-\nence of the United States of America the two\nhundred and nineteenth.\nWilliam Jefferson Clinton\n[Filed with the Office of the Federal Register,\n11:17 a.m., February 28, 1995]\nVerDate 20-JAN-98 10:32 Jan 24, 1998 Jkt 010199 PO 00001 Frm 00011 Fmt 1244 Sfmt 1244 W:\\DISC\\PD06MR95.TXT pfrm01 326 Feb. 27 /Administration of William J. Clinton, 1995\nNOTE: This proclamation was published in the\nFederal Register on March 2.\nRemarks Commemorating the First\nAnniversary of the Brady Law and an\nExchange With Reporters\nFebruary 28, 1995\nThe President. Thank you very much. Mr.\nVice President, Mr. Secretary, Madam Attor-\nney General, Commissioner Lovitt, and my\nfriend Jim, congratulations. Happy anniver-\nsary.\nYou know, I'd like to begin by saying a\nspecial word about Jim Brady. He dedicated\nhis life to public service. In no small measure\nbecause of that dedication, 14 years ago his\nlife was in danger and his life changed for-\never. In spite of all the hardship and the pain\nthat followed, he never looked back but in-\nstead decided he should fight on, determined\nto do his part to prevent the tragedy that\nstruck him from striking other people. More\nthan any other person in the United States,\nwe celebrate today the courage and deter-\nmination of Jim Brady, and we are in his\ndebt.\nThank you, sir.\nJames Brady. Thank you, sir.\nThe President. You know, Jim and Sarah\nBrady represent in so many ways the kind\nof citizen action I talked about in the State\nof the Union Address, the New Covenant:\nmoral responsibility along with more oppor-\ntunity and people sparking grassroots move-\nments across this country. I am committed\nto this law and committed to what it rep-\nresents. You know, our big problems here\nin Washington often stem from the fact that\nwe don't think about what promotes respon-\nsibility and what creates opportunity and\nwhat enables people to make the most of\ntheir own lives. The Brady bill does all that.\nA crucial part of our job here in Washing-\nton is to help arm the American people,\nthrough our police officers, to fight crime\nand violence. The Brady law, in that sense,\nis one of the things that I'm proudest of that\nhas happened since I have been President.\nWe put an end to 7 years of politics-as-usual,\nof people saying one thing and doing another,\nwhen the Brady law passed. It's not a com-plex piece of legislation, but it took 7 years,\n7 years to pass the Congress.\nAnd all the naysayers talked about how ter-\nrible it would be. Well, now we know that,\nas the Secretary said, over 40,000 convicted\nfelons, fugitives, drug dealers, gang mem-\nbers, stalkers, were prevented from purchas-\ning handguns in the Brady law's first 11\nmonths. I should point out that the real na-\ntional number is bigger than that because,\nas you know, there are some States that have\ncompanion laws that go along with that, and\nthe estimates are that, nationwide in the\nStates with Brady-like laws and the Brady\nlaw, the total is more like 70,000.\nA recent study says that, as the Secretary\nsaid, that that's only 3.5 percent of all the\npeople who buy handguns. And as he said,\nit's kind of like airport metal detectors. I\nthink 97 percent of us should be willing to\nwait a while, so that the 3 percent of us who\nare trying to buy guns for the wrong reasons\ncan be stopped. Three percent of the Amer-\nican people buying guns for the wrong rea-\nsons can do a phenomenal amount of dam-\nage, and stopping them can do a phenomenal\namount of good, can keep a lot of citizens\nalive, and it can keep an awful lot of law en-\nforcement officials alive.\nThere are thousands of examples around\nthe country, but let me just cite one or two.\nIn March of 1994, the Brady law stopped\na handgun purchase by a man in Kansas\nunder a restraining order for allegedly stalk-\ning his wife and threatening to kill her. In\nApril, the law led to the arrest of a suspected\ndrug dealer in Texas with outstanding war-\nrants for possession of cocaine and heroin\nwith intent to distribute. In November, it\nhelped to catch two gang members, both\nconvicted felons, who traveled all the way\nfrom California to Nevada to purchase weap-\nons.\nThese are the people the law was meant\nto stop. Law-abiding people are those the law\nwas meant to protect. The test was simple:\nWill it save a life? Will it protect one child\nwalking home from school, so he or she could\nfeel a little safer? Will it spare one woman\nfrom abuse? If it could, we all thought the\nlaw would be a success. Now we know that\nit has done that thousands of times over in\nVerDate 20-JAN-98 10:32 Jan 24, 1998 Jkt 010199 PO 00001 Frm 00012 Fmt 1244 Sfmt 1244 W:\\DISC\\PD06MR95.TXT pfrm01"
} |
[
-0.05108330398797989,
-0.014387259259819984,
0.02383256144821644,
-0.06878162175416946,
0.033901676535606384,
0.06718233227729797,
-0.023593319579958916,
0.00544857420027256,
-0.025112450122833252,
0.025956980884075165,
-0.009286507032811642,
0.06675400584936142,
0.08124444633722305,
0.041375406086444855,
-0.0704069659113884,
0.14269478619098663,
-0.01569340191781521,
0.04153428226709366,
-0.11501827090978622,
0.05060810595750809,
0.04226035997271538,
0.08659596741199493,
0.02203727699816227,
0.02723577804863453,
-0.05601121857762337,
0.017673999071121216,
-0.01837567798793316,
-0.042361289262771606,
-0.0676620602607727,
0.04356633871793747,
0.09037236124277115,
0.00427401764318347,
0.025878947228193283,
0.06600557267665863,
0.0007657349342480302,
0.12324854731559753,
0.036269042640924454,
-0.020076029002666473,
0.027334796264767647,
0.0050040907226502895,
-0.04850764200091362,
-0.031005745753645897,
0.03696655109524727,
0.008850025944411755,
-0.00011087326129199937,
-0.024793770164251328,
0.0615885965526104,
-0.07696009427309036,
-0.01733442395925522,
0.0527719184756279,
0.04383712261915207,
0.027140092104673386,
0.07810959219932556,
-0.0023107118904590607,
-0.008802318945527077,
0.022915588691830635,
-0.05520705506205559,
0.009016712196171284,
-0.002912477357313037,
-0.06295528262853622,
-0.06564266979694366,
-0.0588642843067646,
0.037694286555051804,
-0.04563586786389351,
-0.03929144889116287,
-0.0749480128288269,
0.07590857148170471,
-0.03939136862754822,
0.002857787534594536,
-0.06433804333209991,
0.025997323915362358,
0.029843509197235107,
-0.010939361527562141,
-0.04512752592563629,
0.06727388501167297,
0.040062908083200455,
0.08926261216402054,
0.1182510256767273,
0.11091583222150803,
-0.013907147571444511,
0.05741386115550995,
0.0499211922287941,
0.04478638619184494,
0.013024842366576195,
0.02370871976017952,
-0.0026137991808354855,
-0.0907941684126854,
0.02329261042177677,
0.023012658581137657,
-0.02211477793753147,
-0.03534841164946556,
-0.03784029185771942,
-0.010683480650186539,
-0.03770553320646286,
0.021918879821896553,
-0.012640540488064289,
-0.01537339761853218,
-0.03583037853240967,
-0.056321240961551666,
0.07002440840005875,
-0.06771893799304962,
-0.03901815786957741,
-0.0892762765288353,
-0.07316423952579498,
0.027276642620563507,
-0.061844754964113235,
0.04366699606180191,
-0.022045869380235672,
-0.03015698306262493,
0.04265689477324486,
0.053185611963272095,
0.013071632012724876,
0.02018374763429165,
0.0108896279707551,
-0.012951071374118328,
0.06918927282094955,
-0.0477718859910965,
0.0014725035289302468,
0.0672312080860138,
-0.06068659946322441,
0.00786230992525816,
-0.02307610772550106,
-0.008634489960968494,
-0.02312725968658924,
-0.005348074249923229,
-0.010611717589199543,
-0.049320369958877563,
-9.980948045389343e-34,
-0.005013089161366224,
0.0060214451514184475,
0.02813854068517685,
0.013292798772454262,
-0.07631585747003555,
-0.044230155646800995,
0.02563674934208393,
-0.05740152299404144,
0.018999392166733742,
-0.025866996496915817,
-0.03954567760229111,
0.11860153079032898,
0.030662953853607178,
0.037678565829992294,
-0.007677323650568724,
-0.04256301745772362,
-0.07787769287824631,
0.08200616389513016,
-0.0075296699069440365,
-0.030598554760217667,
0.03724243864417076,
-0.0037522464990615845,
0.13517042994499207,
-0.060064926743507385,
0.14041820168495178,
-0.05383366718888283,
0.079429030418396,
0.014459837228059769,
0.08757053315639496,
0.019641585648059845,
0.037190068513154984,
0.0037276686634868383,
-0.01063128188252449,
-0.09758167713880539,
-0.006310080178081989,
0.007901710458099842,
-0.13913723826408386,
0.06496396660804749,
0.02063833549618721,
-0.057774364948272705,
-0.015501752495765686,
0.06882316619157791,
-0.017364710569381714,
0.0020153478253632784,
0.019159065559506416,
-0.009514587000012398,
0.07933924347162247,
-0.0678558275103569,
-0.007104532327502966,
-0.03168901056051254,
0.029573136940598488,
-0.0001265735481865704,
-0.0681912824511528,
-0.07793864607810974,
-0.05190151184797287,
-0.0868256539106369,
-0.02926148846745491,
0.045081041753292084,
-0.0025365648325532675,
-0.0796879455447197,
-0.00016988915740512311,
0.027042075991630554,
-0.04840725660324097,
0.04747063294053078,
-0.017297256737947464,
0.025883419439196587,
-0.09178780019283295,
0.07559066265821457,
0.08282656967639923,
-0.013645213097333908,
0.07686609029769897,
-0.006357588339596987,
-0.01015468779951334,
-0.014699479565024376,
-0.09772314876317978,
-0.0054024383425712585,
0.038657691329717636,
-0.016472389921545982,
0.052272990345954895,
-0.02894093282520771,
-0.09314227849245071,
0.09666755050420761,
0.08169569075107574,
0.0851212665438652,
0.028517303988337517,
-0.04408092051744461,
-0.044795043766498566,
0.049389299005270004,
-0.038244906812906265,
-0.09357399493455887,
-0.016268381848931313,
-0.06959618628025055,
0.0073659964837133884,
0.014855828136205673,
-0.007260129787027836,
-6.3419724794361916e-34,
-0.013066332787275314,
0.037465471774339676,
0.059710390865802765,
-0.013654975220561028,
0.05095904693007469,
-0.012138495221734047,
-0.060694243758916855,
-0.06625949591398239,
-0.0031307225581258535,
0.023369399830698967,
0.022343594580888748,
-0.003084513358771801,
-0.05567595735192299,
0.08015189319849014,
0.03763629123568535,
0.03157790005207062,
-0.035767242312431335,
-0.027476953342556953,
-0.08912863582372665,
-0.0232007447630167,
0.10673428326845169,
0.12757565081119537,
-0.041881222277879715,
-0.02988610789179802,
-0.04565553367137909,
-0.010604050010442734,
0.022366564720869064,
-0.021324673667550087,
0.0918726995587349,
-0.058434683829545975,
-0.04222696274518967,
0.006308840587735176,
-0.09400171786546707,
0.000921771745197475,
0.050021011382341385,
-0.04078952968120575,
0.018305372446775436,
-0.09327036887407303,
-0.01639094017446041,
-0.018531866371631622,
0.10236049443483353,
0.0020884217228740454,
0.009549638256430626,
0.05286140367388725,
-0.039031982421875,
-0.0117391562089324,
-0.0637241080403328,
-0.06167551502585411,
-0.009437664411962032,
-0.017133764922618866,
-0.10346535593271255,
-0.03716802969574928,
0.020035970956087112,
-0.02909276820719242,
0.047808561474084854,
0.05723569542169571,
-0.06571824103593826,
0.00024711183505132794,
0.03304779529571533,
-0.020304864272475243,
-0.035756077617406845,
0.08808654546737671,
-0.03068043291568756,
0.014751443639397621,
-0.04528022184967995,
0.03303123638033867,
0.004455025307834148,
-0.019366754218935966,
-0.09692250937223434,
0.006316478829830885,
0.05520840734243393,
-0.01997428946197033,
-0.0471113882958889,
-0.01570088416337967,
0.028636451810598373,
-0.0073266830295324326,
-0.06717867404222488,
0.03262602165341377,
-0.03719893842935562,
0.06746701896190643,
-0.04482148960232735,
-0.07167047262191772,
-0.07809995114803314,
0.007989954203367233,
0.11298868805170059,
0.0374680757522583,
0.051997650414705276,
-0.07895901054143906,
0.009917011484503746,
0.06399301439523697,
-0.05185480788350105,
-0.08756660670042038,
-0.03218851611018181,
0.04659867659211159,
-0.0152867017313838,
-5.3125937427012104e-8,
0.05902406573295593,
0.01676763780415058,
-0.09363783895969391,
-0.0028576250188052654,
-0.0759604275226593,
-0.020137207582592964,
-0.08911987394094467,
0.04521030932664871,
-0.03710857406258583,
0.030858447775244713,
0.11067276448011398,
0.04124477505683899,
-0.05876029655337334,
-0.036233291029930115,
-0.017038609832525253,
-0.03131062909960747,
-0.05635730177164078,
-0.01993388682603836,
-0.015596939250826836,
-0.018649639561772346,
0.017840664833784103,
-0.01123812049627304,
-0.03624964505434036,
0.06717103719711304,
0.016651565209031105,
0.01487305574119091,
-0.017007771879434586,
0.022983761504292488,
0.005604481790214777,
-0.01107976958155632,
0.042604897171258926,
0.10990063846111298,
-0.03301466256380081,
-0.020138459280133247,
-0.02443370409309864,
-0.01804501749575138,
0.039313022047281265,
-0.018985165283083916,
0.032831791788339615,
0.07785581052303314,
0.03186768665909767,
0.09261108934879303,
0.00004691861249739304,
-0.011893012560904026,
0.06525296717882156,
0.04198221117258072,
-0.019581599161028862,
-0.007708984427154064,
0.005539637990295887,
-0.03188597783446312,
-0.02756788209080696,
0.013832315802574158,
-0.04176800325512886,
0.06897173821926117,
0.011967331171035767,
0.04755087196826935,
0.006178105715662241,
-0.07456191629171371,
0.016950489953160286,
0.006575952749699354,
0.009811675176024437,
-0.08546190708875656,
-0.027839403599500656,
-0.0010363258188590407
] | {
"pdf_file": "QE6FLNHQQKHXPNZIXRPA362DGNJ4UZJB.pdf",
"text": "October 22, 2008 - Murtha Receives Public Policy Award from the Marshall Legacy\nInstitute\n\r\n\r\nWASHINGTON, D.C. -- Congressman John P. Murtha, Chairman of the House Appropriations Subcommittee on\nDefense, received the Public Policy Award from the Marshall Legacy Institute at the ‘11th Anniversary Clearing the\nPath Gala’ in Washington, D.C on October 21, 2008.\n\r\n\r\nThe Public Policy Award was established in 2002 to recognize policy makers who have enacted legislation to positively\naffect the national security of the United States and to enable the U.S. to assist those living in war-torn countries. \nPrevious recipients include Senators Patrick Leahy (D-VT) and Chuck Hagel (R-NE). \n\r\n\r\nCongressman Murtha was presented with the award for his “unwavering commitment to a strong national defense\nand exemplary work on healthcare, military and veteran’s issues during his lifetime of remarkable public\nservice.”\n\r\n\r\nThe Marshall Legacy Institute (MLI) is a non-profit, humanitarian organization founded in the 50th Anniversary Year of\nthe Marshall Plan. MLI works to extend the legacy of George C. Marshall into the 21st Century by providing war-torn,\nlandmine-affected countries with the tools and training they need to help rebuild. \n\r\n\r\nFor additional information, please visit http://www.marshall-legacy.org/\r\n\r\n \r\n\r\n# # #\r\n\r\nThe Online Office of Congressman John Murtha\nhttp://www.murtha.house.gov Powered by Joomla! Generated: 1 December, 2009, 16:49"
} |
[
-0.11883839964866638,
0.04829868674278259,
-0.0025480559561401606,
-0.011011209338903427,
0.05195074528455734,
0.010291832499206066,
0.1154332384467125,
0.0007007909007370472,
-0.08592535555362701,
-0.07065396010875702,
0.0013317164266481996,
-0.035472381860017776,
0.018434155732393265,
-0.006737178191542625,
0.024402987211942673,
-0.029503243044018745,
-0.058138374239206314,
-0.05043954402208328,
-0.020765526220202446,
0.029036032035946846,
-0.06367600709199905,
0.024029914289712906,
0.0262432973831892,
-0.006037362851202488,
-0.011076544411480427,
-0.0014006864512339234,
-0.018619801849126816,
0.03277004510164261,
0.0028860096354037523,
-0.05694391578435898,
-0.04394163936376572,
0.025414075702428818,
0.08790954202413559,
-0.02499123103916645,
-0.03668315336108208,
0.0062413448467850685,
-0.06646791845560074,
-0.0671444833278656,
0.020564241334795952,
0.04238877445459366,
0.021880215033888817,
-0.04288247600197792,
-0.03437700495123863,
0.06146686151623726,
0.0656372681260109,
-0.0785202905535698,
0.029487011954188347,
0.010798297822475433,
0.06332410126924515,
-0.04508465901017189,
-0.01823394186794758,
-0.027721041813492775,
-0.0036737609189003706,
-0.03659451752901077,
0.054250262677669525,
-0.02085655927658081,
0.015034922398626804,
-0.060095224529504776,
0.016393909230828285,
-0.03323858231306076,
0.01750349812209606,
-0.0005952207720838487,
-0.16348379850387573,
0.08492093533277512,
-0.07583844661712646,
0.0161097701638937,
0.048382941633462906,
-0.007598146330565214,
-0.024985475465655327,
0.05949747934937477,
0.0658901110291481,
-0.03513742983341217,
0.0008843158720992506,
-0.11567969620227814,
0.049390342086553574,
0.03360460326075554,
0.055154237896203995,
0.026383694261312485,
0.053694359958171844,
0.038932498544454575,
0.0004393816343508661,
0.0180604699999094,
-0.09288253635168076,
-0.004073987249284983,
-0.0008234609267674387,
-0.04883106052875519,
-0.006677441764622927,
-0.023541681468486786,
-0.03813307359814644,
0.05245159938931465,
-0.042493823915719986,
-0.055899728089571,
0.08681583404541016,
-0.04896170645952225,
-0.08339672535657883,
-0.0457635223865509,
0.029042238369584084,
0.03465776517987251,
-0.08649188280105591,
0.4062184691429138,
0.03594949096441269,
0.018697189167141914,
0.0979783833026886,
-0.007865204475820065,
0.023714108392596245,
-0.05756505951285362,
-0.06109985336661339,
-0.006620500702410936,
0.007060033269226551,
0.021669859066605568,
-0.024405108764767647,
-0.033514637500047684,
0.00025015627034008503,
0.03170765936374664,
0.04407161846756935,
0.09463243186473846,
-0.035580113530159,
-0.0045343064703047276,
0.043714847415685654,
0.00020504710846580565,
-0.002858717693015933,
-0.024884076789021492,
0.0037606365513056517,
0.014041258953511715,
0.07781578600406647,
-0.1323145031929016,
0.0068764761090278625,
-7.2201250750405e-33,
0.007334581576287746,
0.002726183971390128,
0.012147537432610989,
-0.002440247917547822,
0.027932560071349144,
0.03927065059542656,
0.003743888111785054,
-0.04643532633781433,
-0.014492551796138287,
0.05360198765993118,
0.006590632256120443,
0.03664784133434296,
-0.023135676980018616,
0.03275369852781296,
0.07811082899570465,
0.009627518244087696,
0.007964123040437698,
0.0028742437716573477,
-0.0018807238666340709,
0.004691542126238346,
-0.012402275577187538,
-0.0008041393011808395,
-0.023038707673549652,
0.04297299310564995,
-0.028259985148906708,
-0.06694644689559937,
0.038539037108421326,
-0.07085712999105453,
0.020109260454773903,
0.001460324041545391,
0.0014639950823038816,
0.049912355840206146,
-0.02594558522105217,
0.0008223677286878228,
-0.03757276013493538,
-0.028740663081407547,
0.03337514027953148,
-0.07462829351425171,
-0.035983964800834656,
0.025680823251605034,
-0.050139084458351135,
0.010837196372449398,
-0.04243791848421097,
-0.002668545348569751,
-0.004916265141218901,
0.16647927463054657,
-0.0011541391722857952,
-0.004960660357028246,
-0.06482207775115967,
0.06976216286420822,
-0.0028182310052216053,
-0.02132517658174038,
-0.11613703519105911,
0.04333868995308876,
-0.0033509607892483473,
-0.020106570795178413,
0.016554009169340134,
-0.043971188366413116,
0.020619438961148262,
-0.009089959785342216,
0.009713641367852688,
0.039391469210386276,
-0.012487754225730896,
0.009350251406431198,
-0.08647788316011429,
-0.04851773753762245,
0.02447775937616825,
-0.008494960144162178,
0.023063570261001587,
-0.012638214975595474,
-0.05100997909903526,
0.03675990551710129,
0.03771744668483734,
0.030916057527065277,
-0.028798431158065796,
-0.01926880143582821,
-0.019831717014312744,
0.03583517670631409,
0.08063048869371414,
0.00649732630699873,
0.03545527532696724,
-0.041958946734666824,
0.006693818140774965,
-0.024078864604234695,
0.09502369910478592,
0.054634999483823776,
0.004220988135784864,
-0.05180729925632477,
0.01021517813205719,
-0.041098661720752716,
-0.03574559465050697,
0.06131820008158684,
-0.0030944310128688812,
0.08796171098947525,
0.006000818684697151,
4.4925641867161134e-33,
-0.07716735452413559,
0.01899317093193531,
-0.03573813661932945,
0.0887979194521904,
-0.01755509153008461,
-0.0027626880910247564,
0.037273939698934555,
0.09013677388429642,
-0.09250447154045105,
0.0680299699306488,
0.022390201687812805,
-0.045089662075042725,
0.030878892168402672,
0.044495198875665665,
-0.005799654871225357,
0.03523358702659607,
0.06968843936920166,
-0.004063474480062723,
-0.028155116364359856,
-0.03572935611009598,
-0.030507177114486694,
-0.03237851336598396,
-0.0024998304434120655,
0.034929435700178146,
-0.04148077219724655,
0.030205287039279938,
0.04858911409974098,
0.0632987916469574,
-0.021693143993616104,
0.036800533533096313,
0.03896567225456238,
-0.023581488057971,
-0.05063262954354286,
-0.05820295587182045,
0.04826247692108154,
0.08404397964477539,
0.03678114339709282,
-0.0007768925279378891,
0.024848245084285736,
-0.05051735043525696,
0.039668887853622437,
-0.010082785040140152,
0.002244437113404274,
0.11697717010974884,
-0.021961307153105736,
-0.005805923603475094,
-0.048092879354953766,
0.003788944333791733,
0.035172659903764725,
0.07729728519916534,
-0.09319712221622467,
-0.011992926709353924,
-0.021968109533190727,
0.04129430651664734,
-0.022958293557167053,
0.004160518292337656,
-0.0432187058031559,
0.0702132061123848,
-0.01905948668718338,
0.0004752702370751649,
0.005480603780597448,
0.026761434972286224,
-0.033612821251153946,
0.01346849836409092,
-0.022746674716472626,
0.03873894736170769,
-0.024523282423615456,
-0.03632815554738045,
-0.0017924589337781072,
-0.052569907158613205,
0.006689464673399925,
-0.025846485048532486,
-0.1348353624343872,
0.0011394252069294453,
-0.047169335186481476,
-0.05347497761249542,
-0.018427148461341858,
-0.007304163184016943,
-0.009657083079218864,
-0.037726134061813354,
-0.033999841660261154,
0.01841733604669571,
-0.008003143593668938,
-0.005512353032827377,
-0.03353199362754822,
-0.0201805979013443,
0.021665804088115692,
0.01075822301208973,
-0.05747472122311592,
0.01969684660434723,
-0.007240809965878725,
0.023037107661366463,
0.12023406475782394,
0.0032419958151876926,
0.010150063782930374,
-1.3403668397415913e-8,
-0.046724583953619,
0.04062063992023468,
-0.05561641603708267,
-0.0018853341462090611,
0.056323979049921036,
0.049638908356428146,
-0.04154156893491745,
0.0325038842856884,
0.02574923262000084,
-0.018780937418341637,
0.06920813769102097,
0.02598794549703598,
-0.02782331220805645,
0.05757509544491768,
0.09128093719482422,
-0.01532574463635683,
-0.10472093522548676,
-0.027585938572883606,
-0.016222817823290825,
-0.035399287939071655,
-0.010461363941431046,
-0.013999390415847301,
-0.0002939800324384123,
-0.08362972736358643,
0.007932317443192005,
0.006960071157664061,
-0.04422977939248085,
0.07475824654102325,
0.07440952211618423,
-0.04058071970939636,
-0.0018266832921653986,
0.01985001191496849,
0.014382191933691502,
0.020585300400853157,
0.02213379554450512,
-0.06437048316001892,
-0.06369856745004654,
0.01613914780318737,
0.009907381609082222,
-0.0055595203302800655,
-0.05467313155531883,
-0.0233115516602993,
0.07046928256750107,
0.006468005012720823,
-0.047700025141239166,
-0.0036470729392021894,
0.007837599143385887,
-0.004974569659680128,
-0.01241857185959816,
-0.07781214267015457,
-0.0009409073390997946,
-0.008002524264156818,
0.006034235469996929,
0.08434933423995972,
0.10730371624231339,
0.011427774094045162,
0.013366665691137314,
-0.012747352942824364,
0.061454374343156815,
0.03564131259918213,
0.1587459295988083,
0.12640950083732605,
0.04654904082417488,
-0.015717294067144394
] | {
"pdf_file": "7RVVK7WHY6HBTX3RU6AVLEEPLNLNQQDZ.pdf",
"text": " "
} |
[
0.007645673118531704,
-0.007023015525192022,
0.026265932247042656,
-0.01068909466266632,
-0.006653942167758942,
0.0021657845936715603,
-0.0070265778340399265,
-0.018705716356635094,
0.020114511251449585,
0.0248970128595829,
0.07824195921421051,
0.04660243168473244,
-0.02727491781115532,
-0.009560737758874893,
-0.09782518446445465,
-0.044239263981580734,
-0.006595999468117952,
0.010585039854049683,
-0.05260130763053894,
-0.006833252031356096,
0.015972239896655083,
-0.015045088715851307,
-0.007704292889684439,
0.026923546567559242,
0.008653364144265652,
0.06660304218530655,
0.009568682871758938,
-0.1118711531162262,
-0.0032003798987716436,
0.015504189766943455,
-0.04093701392412186,
-0.027913035824894905,
0.045750942081213,
0.052545543760061264,
0.016446109861135483,
0.02838580496609211,
0.11455351114273071,
0.08668000251054764,
0.006393135525286198,
0.039479292929172516,
-0.05072691664099693,
-0.01165365893393755,
0.013959289528429508,
0.04494645819067955,
-0.004758257418870926,
-0.02691301517188549,
-0.0732012614607811,
-0.11480060964822769,
-0.03403275087475777,
0.03710358589887619,
0.0028915400616824627,
0.04405555874109268,
0.04966554790735245,
0.0019249113975092769,
0.001573318848386407,
-0.042481523007154465,
-0.005298913922160864,
-0.08232444524765015,
-0.016647031530737877,
0.0009612010908313096,
-0.09032708406448364,
-0.04164759814739227,
-0.021147307008504868,
0.02695946767926216,
0.02951948158442974,
0.06471192091703415,
-0.025460947304964066,
-0.02960336022078991,
0.03570444881916046,
-0.05406000092625618,
-0.02760683000087738,
0.029240664094686508,
0.057921506464481354,
0.021524393931031227,
0.018792467191815376,
0.03735525533556938,
-0.07272554188966751,
0.031672749668359756,
0.04878484457731247,
0.03499807417392731,
0.04492853581905365,
0.024267137050628662,
-0.018286915495991707,
0.039459262043237686,
0.006155738141387701,
0.061539698392152786,
-0.018336856737732887,
-0.0028996707405894995,
-0.08302728831768036,
-0.01336359791457653,
0.02083946391940117,
0.07080052047967911,
0.0121808722615242,
0.03916698321700096,
-0.011929851025342941,
0.012775389477610588,
-0.027109384536743164,
-0.08910787105560303,
-0.040515121072530746,
0.050914280116558075,
-0.07031261175870895,
0.09979576617479324,
0.0288270004093647,
0.01415137480944395,
-0.05848256126046181,
-0.07751306891441345,
0.08220658451318741,
-0.0837542712688446,
-0.014730513095855713,
0.03187158331274986,
0.011695203371345997,
-0.003330577164888382,
-0.02284185029566288,
0.037858881056308746,
0.03971327096223831,
-0.08350490033626556,
0.03995356336236,
0.06861621886491776,
0.012797374278306961,
-0.027325501665472984,
-0.0006364991422742605,
0.03430230915546417,
0.015655197203159332,
-0.024949416518211365,
-0.01687708869576454,
0.0031700250692665577,
-0.020054951310157776,
6.224321933472693e-33,
0.037870120257139206,
-0.0009486893541179597,
-0.017684858292341232,
0.036049868911504745,
-0.022700246423482895,
-0.042467840015888214,
-0.004651064984500408,
-0.033008068799972534,
0.07787588983774185,
0.06811528652906418,
0.024190956726670265,
0.011272802017629147,
0.04744061082601547,
-0.0033067886251956224,
-0.0013857184676453471,
0.07962740957736969,
-0.008806844241917133,
0.008888189680874348,
-0.06431815028190613,
0.012737703509628773,
0.020056745037436485,
-0.005680348724126816,
0.03643069788813591,
-0.031342823058366776,
-0.02059698849916458,
0.012763699516654015,
-0.05586465820670128,
-0.0018981522880494595,
0.04421345517039299,
-0.019369862973690033,
0.009329262189567089,
0.05428153648972511,
-0.08107703924179077,
0.01797885075211525,
0.06113748624920845,
0.02524782530963421,
0.09902673959732056,
-0.023120950907468796,
0.045282650738954544,
-0.009448071010410786,
0.011973821558058262,
-0.009006127715110779,
0.06955854594707489,
0.011235822923481464,
0.06054050102829933,
0.022875158116221428,
0.0641021877527237,
0.014884543605148792,
0.025983646512031555,
0.01265970803797245,
-0.09480126202106476,
0.10085850208997726,
-0.1731029599905014,
-0.16564317047595978,
-0.06089312955737114,
-0.06341571360826492,
0.02670840173959732,
-0.018282515928149223,
-0.03265317901968956,
0.03066004253923893,
-0.023694517090916634,
0.02418043091893196,
-0.02312385104596615,
-0.0667412057518959,
-0.05549956485629082,
-0.09040655940771103,
-0.10673480480909348,
-0.11156105995178223,
0.13749991357326508,
-0.0307475496083498,
-0.020690878853201866,
0.01803525537252426,
-0.009545484557747841,
0.01083524152636528,
0.024530082941055298,
-0.05094743147492409,
0.04511205852031708,
0.0894254520535469,
0.03859075903892517,
-0.007727955002337694,
0.047959450632333755,
-0.1097588911652565,
-0.027833595871925354,
-0.05027499794960022,
0.04989342764019966,
-0.01507751177996397,
0.02932344190776348,
-0.005157191772013903,
-0.057198040187358856,
-0.03837084025144577,
-0.03780746087431908,
-0.03483583405613899,
-0.025337666273117065,
0.05155466869473457,
-0.09241315722465515,
-8.728229225847801e-33,
-0.030750585719943047,
0.00420289346948266,
-0.0583636499941349,
-0.03553808480501175,
0.006101047154515982,
-0.04599466919898987,
0.03615596145391464,
-0.0626310259103775,
-0.0017787229735404253,
-0.01478751003742218,
-0.016802698373794556,
0.038044556975364685,
0.06473654508590698,
0.0406310111284256,
-0.015630900859832764,
0.030691349878907204,
-0.05033891648054123,
0.02139158360660076,
-0.05280214920639992,
-0.0406482107937336,
0.052951302379369736,
0.092359259724617,
-0.050990257412195206,
0.09930668026208878,
-0.02483956143260002,
-0.02030593901872635,
0.03590047359466553,
-0.05656961724162102,
-0.006060261745005846,
0.02517249993979931,
0.06730659306049347,
-0.041553813964128494,
-0.053607698529958725,
-0.010422793217003345,
-0.10458610951900482,
-0.11214035004377365,
-0.0029107036534696817,
-0.005638821050524712,
-0.10591156780719757,
0.041998833417892456,
0.04877818375825882,
-0.000969440268818289,
-0.031077012419700623,
-0.028226764872670174,
0.017775433138012886,
0.07566220313310623,
0.07008390128612518,
0.011197428219020367,
-0.049609750509262085,
0.06989093869924545,
-0.0029345499351620674,
0.025207610800862312,
0.04297046363353729,
0.06511397659778595,
0.0842960998415947,
0.055952344089746475,
0.054257746785879135,
-0.05721011012792587,
-0.02943636290729046,
0.030661124736070633,
0.054720934480428696,
0.020403411239385605,
-0.03852849081158638,
0.084204763174057,
0.024324875324964523,
-0.07446199655532837,
-0.009584571234881878,
-0.0006929023074917495,
-0.06157646328210831,
0.06498147547245026,
0.004214935936033726,
-0.0769992545247078,
0.06013064086437225,
-0.16875414550304413,
0.011742329224944115,
-0.007678737863898277,
-0.04181738197803497,
0.020512444898486137,
-0.039223164319992065,
0.016109496355056763,
-0.023743191733956337,
0.011403100565075874,
-0.05430414527654648,
0.07654750347137451,
-0.015253012999892235,
-0.03367525711655617,
0.15116949379444122,
-0.021816890686750412,
-0.010247836820781231,
0.01889641024172306,
0.009952567517757416,
0.03810705244541168,
-0.053127411752939224,
-0.04934454336762428,
0.006538874004036188,
-6.322102308331523e-8,
0.05222594365477562,
-0.006871281657367945,
-0.03773092105984688,
0.0437474250793457,
0.03130246326327324,
-0.003908330108970404,
-0.04760465398430824,
-0.03826090693473816,
-0.08347591012716293,
0.08426005393266678,
0.08235211670398712,
-0.012602417729794979,
-0.08333860337734222,
-0.10801171511411667,
0.06790664792060852,
-0.03008030541241169,
-0.012125606648623943,
0.0019128936110064387,
-0.013635178096592426,
-0.019486770033836365,
-0.03451310843229294,
-0.038114920258522034,
-0.0014853797620162368,
0.04411831125617027,
-0.01259559951722622,
0.03354135900735855,
0.049492284655570984,
0.004786655772477388,
-0.03217967972159386,
0.010493257082998753,
-0.027543293312191963,
-0.024466145783662796,
0.05053523927927017,
-0.0539802722632885,
0.007572771981358528,
0.02540767379105091,
-0.04240846261382103,
0.05237163230776787,
0.10352066904306412,
0.021330030634999275,
-0.08349037170410156,
-0.1423504501581192,
0.04245395585894585,
0.08443964272737503,
0.03244238346815109,
0.018434448167681694,
-0.0774579793214798,
-0.04064039885997772,
0.08638923615217209,
-0.02649701200425625,
-0.005645260214805603,
-0.08436568081378937,
0.011594890616834164,
-0.025320885702967644,
0.01817546784877777,
0.03176278993487358,
-0.0405191108584404,
0.05836886540055275,
-0.09705737978219986,
-0.0457773432135582,
0.1297726184129715,
0.007631972897797823,
-0.1192229837179184,
0.02341146394610405
] | {
"pdf_file": "O7L5CYQXFDOBSVKIJYAENIFCV6NZK7CG.pdf",
"text": "Regents Exams\nAll Students General-Education Students Students with Disabilities\nTotal \nTestedPercentage of students scoring at or above:Total TestedPercentage of students scoring at or above:Total TestedPercentage of students scoring at or above:\n55 65 85 55 65 85 55 65 85\nComprehensive English\nMathematics A\nMathematics B\nGlobal History \nand Geography\nU.S. History and Government\nLiving Environment\nPhysical Setting/ Earth Science\nPhysical Setting/Chemistry\nPhysical Setting/Physics\nnote \nThe – symbol indicates that data for a group of students has been suppressed. If a group has fewer than five students, \ndata for that group and the next smallest group(s) are suppressed to protect the privacy of individual students.\nThe New York State \nSchool Report Card\nComprehensive \nInformation Report \n2005 – 06 School SHAKER HIGH SCHOOL\nDistrict NORTH COLONIE CENTRAL SCHOOL\nDISTRICT\nSchool ID 010605060010\nPrincipal RICHARD MURPHY\nTelephone (518) 785-5511\nGrades 9-12\n2005–06\n2004–05\n2003–04\n2005–06\n2004–05\n2003–04\n2005–06\n2004–05\n2003–04\n2005–06\n2004–05\n2003–04\n2005–06\n2004–05\n2003–04\n2005–06\n2004–05\n2003–04\n2005–06\n2004–05\n2003–04\n2005–06\n2004–05\n2003–04\n2005–06\n2004–05\n2003–04450\n511\n517\n437\n441\n396\n364\n353\n381\n554\n502\n502\n446\n515\n519\n542\n545\n490\n282\n256\n269\n348\n320\n349\n169\n162\n14796%\n97%\n97%\n99%\n97%\n97%\n99%\n96%\n96%\n94%\n94%\n94%\n96%\n94%\n97%\n99%\n98%\n100%\n100%\n98%\n99%\n98%\n99%\n98%\n96%\n99%\n100%93%\n94%\n94%\n96%\n93%\n95%\n96%\n90%\n91%\n91%\n90%\n90%\n93%\n90%\n93%\n94%\n94%\n97%\n100%\n97%\n97%\n91%\n92%\n92%\n91%\n93%\n95%53%\n45%\n54%\n47%\n43%\n40%\n54%\n38%\n44%\n54%\n48%\n52%\n67%\n56%\n57%\n42%\n46%\n41%\n61%\n58%\n56%\n36%\n30%\n25%\n49%\n48%\n43%402\n454\n472\n387\n385\n349\n358\n349\n373\n484\n435\n446\n401\n459\n475\n498\n489\n443\n269\n249\n266\n342\n319\n344\n168\n161\n14498%\n99%\n99%\n99%\n98%\n98%\n99%\n–\n96%\n98%\n96%\n97%\n98%\n96%\n98%\n99%\n99%\n100%\n100%\n98%\n–\n98%\n–\n98%\n–\n–\n–97%\n97%\n97%\n98%\n96%\n97%\n96%\n–\n91%\n95%\n94%\n94%\n96%\n94%\n95%\n96%\n97%\n98%\n100%\n97%\n–\n91%\n–\n92%\n–\n–\n–59%\n50%\n59%\n51%\n47%\n43%\n54%\n–\n44%\n59%\n55%\n58%\n73%\n62%\n62%\n45%\n50%\n45%\n61%\n58%\n–\n37%\n–\n25%\n–\n–\n–48\n57\n45\n50\n56\n47\n6\n4\n8\n70\n67\n56\n45\n56\n44\n44\n56\n47\n13\n7\n3\n6\n1\n5\n1\n1\n379%\n82%\n78%\n96%\n84%\n87%\n100%\n–\n100%\n71%\n79%\n77%\n82%\n73%\n91%\n93%\n95%\n98%\n100%\n100%\n–\n100%\n–\n100%\n–\n–\n–58%\n65%\n67%\n84%\n70%\n79%\n100%\n–\n100%\n61%\n64%\n59%\n71%\n63%\n80%\n82%\n71%\n81%\n100%\n100%\n–\n83%\n–\n100%\n–\n–\n–4%\n2%\n0%\n16%\n14%\n15%\n33%\n–\n25%\n16%\n4%\n7%\n16%\n7%\n2%\n14%\n13%\n2%\n62%\n43%\n–\n33%\n–\n0%\n–\n–\n– Regents Exams in Languages Other Than English1\nRegents Exams\nAll Students General-Education Students Students with Disabilities\nTotal \nTestedPercentage of students \nscoring at or above:Total \nTestedPercentage of students \nscoring at or above:Total \nTestedPercentage of students \nscoring at or above:\n55 65 85 55 65 85 55 65 85\nComprehensive French\nComprehensive German\nComprehensive Hebrew\nComprehensive Italian\nComprehensive Latin\nComprehensive Spanish\nnote \nThe – symbol indicates that data for a group of students has been suppressed. If a group has fewer than five students, \ndata for that group and the next smallest group(s) are suppressed to protect the privacy of individual students.\nSchool SHAKER HIGH SCHOOL District NORTH COLONIE CENTRAL SCHOOL DISTRICT\n2005–06\n2004–05\n2003–04\n2005–06\n2004–05\n2003–04\n2005–06\n2004–05\n2003–04\n2005–06\n2004–05\n2003–04\n2005–06\n2004–05\n2003–04\n2005–06\n2004–05\n2003–0471\n68\n57\n42\n17\n25\n0\n0\n0\n0\n0\n0\n22\n30\n35\n231\n214\n250100%\n100%\n100%\n100%\n100%\n100%\n100%\n100%\n100%\n100%\n99%\n100%100%\n100%\n100%\n100%\n100%\n100%\n100%\n100%\n100%\n100%\n99%\n99%80%\n79%\n86%\n88%\n94%\n84%\n82%\n77%\n91%\n75%\n78%\n76%70\n67\n56\n42\n17\n25\n0\n0\n0\n0\n0\n0\n22\n30\n35\n225\n212\n245–\n–\n–\n100%\n100%\n100%\n100%\n100%\n100%\n100%\n–\n100%–\n–\n–\n100%\n100%\n100%\n100%\n100%\n100%\n100%\n–\n99%–\n–\n–\n88%\n94%\n84%\n82%\n77%\n91%\n76%\n–\n76%1\n1\n1\n0\n0\n0\n0\n0\n0\n0\n0\n0\n0\n0\n0\n6\n2\n5–\n–\n–\n100%\n–\n100%–\n–\n–\n100%\n–\n100%–\n–\n–\n33%\n–\n60% Regents Competency Tests 2\nRegents Competency Tests\nAll Students General-Education Students Students with Disabilities\nTotal Tested Percent Passing Total Tested Percent Passing Total Tested Percent Passing\nMathematics\nScience\nReading\nWriting\nGlobal Studies\nU.S. History \nand Government\nnote \nThe – symbol indicates that data for a group of students has been suppressed. If a group has fewer than five students, \ndata for that group and the next smallest group(s) are suppressed to protect the privacy of individual students.\nSchool SHAKER HIGH SCHOOL District NORTH COLONIE CENTRAL SCHOOL DISTRICT\n2005–06\n2004–05\n2003–04\n2005–06\n2004–05\n2003–04\n2005–06\n2004–05\n2003–04\n2005–06\n2004–05\n2003–04\n2005–06\n2004–05\n2003–04\n2005–06\n2004–05\n2003–0443\n48\n33\n48\n50\n36\n15\n22\n24\n19\n18\n18\n24\n33\n26\n12\n28\n1270%\n71%\n85%\n42%\n64%\n50%\n80%\n77%\n79%\n47%\n94%\n89%\n67%\n33%\n46%\n42%\n75%\n58%0\n0\n0\n1\n2\n0\n0\n1\n0\n0\n1\n0\n1\n1\n1\n0\n1\n1\n–\n–\n–\n–\n–\n–\n–\n–\n–43\n48\n33\n47\n48\n36\n15\n21\n24\n19\n17\n18\n23\n32\n25\n12\n27\n1170%\n71%\n85%\n–\n–\n50%\n80%\n–\n79%\n47%\n–\n89%\n–\n–\n–\n42%\n–\n– Second Language Proficiency Examinations 3\nSecond Language Proficiency Examinations\nAll Students General-Education Students Students with Disabilities\nTotal Tested Percent Passing: Total Tested Percent Passing: Total Tested Percent Passing:\nFrench\nGerman\nItalian\nLatin\nSpanish\nnote \nThe – symbol indicates that data for a group of students has been suppressed. If a group has fewer than five students, \ndata for that group and the next smallest group(s) are suppressed to protect the privacy of individual students.\nSchool SHAKER HIGH SCHOOL District NORTH COLONIE CENTRAL SCHOOL DISTRICT\n2005–06\n2004–05\n2003–04\n2005–06\n2004–05\n2003–04\n2005–06\n2004–05\n2003–04\n2005–06\n2004–05\n2003–04\n2005–06\n2004–05\n2003–040\n0\n0\n0\n0\n0\n0\n0\n0\n0\n0\n0\n1\n0\n0\n–\n0\n0\n0\n0\n0\n0\n0\n0\n0\n0\n0\n0\n1\n0\n0\n–\n0\n0\n0\n0\n0\n0\n0\n0\n0\n0\n0\n0\n0\n0\n0\n District English as a Second Language Achievement Test4\nNew York State English as a Second Language \nAchievement Test (NYSESLAT)\nAll Students General-Education Students Students with Disabilities\nTotal \nTestedPercent of students scoring \nin each performance level:Total \nTestedPercent of students scoring \nin each performance level:Total \nTestedPercent of students scoring \nin each performance level:\nBegin.Interm.Adv. Prof. Begin.Interm.Adv. Prof. Begin.Interm.Adv. Prof.\nListening \nand Speaking \n(Grades K–1)\nReading \nand Writing \n(Grades K–1)\nListening \nand Speaking \n(Grades 2–4)\nReading \nand Writing \n(Grades 2–4)\nListening \nand Speaking \n(Grades 5–6)\nReading \nand Writing \n(Grades 5–6)\nListening \nand Speaking \n(Grades 7–8)\nReading \nand Writing \n(Grades 7–8)\nListening \nand Speaking \n(Grades 9–12)\nReading \nand Writing \n(Grades 9–12)\nnote \nThe – symbol indicates that data for a group of students has been suppressed. If a group has fewer than five students, \ndata for that group and the next smallest group(s) are suppressed to protect the privacy of individual students.\nSchool SHAKER HIGH SCHOOL District NORTH COLONIE CENTRAL SCHOOL DISTRICT\n2005–06\n2004–05\n2003–04\n2005–06\n2004–05\n2003–04\n2005–06\n2004–05\n2003–04\n2005–06\n2004–05\n2003–04\n2005–06\n2004–05\n2003–04\n2005–06\n2004–05\n2003–04\n2005–06\n2004–05\n2003–04\n2005–06\n2004–05\n2003–04\n2005–06\n2004–05\n2003–04\n2005–06\n2004–05\n2003–040\n0\n0\n0\n0\n0\n0\n0\n0\n0\n0\n0\n0\n0\n0\n0\n0\n0\n0\n0\n0\n0\n0\n0\n20\n22\n22\n20\n22\n22\n0%\n0%\n5%\n5%\n0%\n14%\n15%\n14%\n23%\n25%\n32%\n45%\n25%\n36%\n41%\n50%\n32%\n32%\n60%\n50%\n32%\n20%\n36%\n9%0\n0\n0\n0\n0\n0\n0\n0\n0\n0\n0\n0\n0\n0\n0\n0\n0\n0\n0\n0\n0\n0\n0\n0\n16\n20\n21\n16\n20\n21\n–\n–\n–\n–\n–\n–\n–\n–\n–\n–\n–\n–\n–\n–\n–\n–\n–\n–\n–\n–\n–\n–\n–\n–0\n0\n0\n0\n0\n0\n0\n0\n0\n0\n0\n0\n0\n0\n0\n0\n0\n0\n0\n0\n0\n0\n0\n0\n4\n2\n1\n4\n2\n1\n–\n–\n–\n–\n–\n–\n–\n–\n–\n–\n–\n–\n–\n–\n–\n–\n–\n–\n–\n–\n–\n–\n–\n– Other Assessments 5\nElementary/Middle-Level Social Studies \nAll Students General-Education Students Students with Disabilities\nTotal \nTestedPercentage of students \nscoring at level:Total \nTestedPercentage of students \nscoring at level:Total \nTestedPercentage of students \nscoring at level:\n1234 1234 1234\nElementary \nLevel\nMiddle Level\n \nRegents Exams After Four Years\nAll Students General-Education Students Students with DisabilitiesCohort \nEnrollmentPercentage of \nstudents scoring:\nApproved \nAlternatives\nCohort \nEnrollmentPercentage of \nstudents scoring:\nApproved \nAlternatives\nCohort \nEnrollmentPercentage of \nstudents scoring:\nApproved \nAlternatives\n55–64 65–84 85–100 55–64 65–84 85–100 55–64 65–84 85–100\nGlobal History and Geography\nU.S. History and Government\nScience\nNew York State Alternate Assessments (NYSAA ) \nAll Students\nTotal \nTestedNumber of students scoring \nat Level:\n1234\nElementary Level The New York State Alternate Assessment (NYSAA) \nis for students with severe cognitive disabilities. Results \nfor students taking the NYSAA in English language arts, \nmathematics, and science at the elementary and \nmiddle levels and in the English and mathematics at \nthe secondary level are available in the Accountability and \nOverview Report part of The New York State Report Card.Social Studies\nMiddle Level\nSocial Studies\nSecondary Level\nSocial Studies\nScience\nnote \nThe – symbol indicates that data for a group of students has been suppressed. If a group has fewer than five students, \ndata for that group and the next smallest group(s) are suppressed to protect the privacy of individual students.\nSchool SHAKER HIGH SCHOOL District NORTH COLONIE CENTRAL SCHOOL DISTRICT\n2005–06\n0\n7\n100%\n0%\n0%\n0%0\n0\n0\n7\n100%\n0%\n0%\n0%\n2002 Total Cohort Performance on\n486\n486\n4861%\n3%\n1%39%\n30%\n40%55%\n56%\n55%\n429\n429\n4290%\n2%\n0%36%\n27%\n36%61%\n63%\n61%\n57\n57\n574%\n7%\n9%65%\n53%\n70%9%\n5%\n5%\n2005–06\n0\n1\n1\n1\n–\n–\n–\n–\n–\n–\n–\n–\n–\n–\n–\n– High School Information6\nHigh School Completers\nAll Students General-Education Students Students with Disabilities\nNumber \nof StudentsPercentage \nof GraduatesNumber \nof StudentsPercentage \nof GraduatesNumber \nof StudentsPercentage \nof Graduates\nTotal Graduates\nReceiving a Regents Diploma\nReceiving a Regents Diploma \nwith Advanced Designation\nReceiving an Individualized Education \nProgram (IEP) Diploma\nnote An NA indicates that the diploma was not available in that year.\nHigh School Noncompleters\nAll Students General-Education Students Students with Disabilities\nNumber \nof StudentsPercentage \nof StudentsNumber \nof StudentsPercentage \nof StudentsNumber \nof StudentsPercentage \nof Students\nDropped Out\nEntered Approved High \nSchool Equivalency \nPreparation Program\nTotal Noncompleters\nPost-secondary Plans of \nAll Students General-Education Students Students with Disabilities\nNumber \nof StudentsPercentage \nof StudentsNumber \nof StudentsPercentage \nof StudentsNumber \nof StudentsPercentage \nof Students\nTo 4-year College\nTo 2-year College\nTo Other Post-secondary\nTo the Military\nTo Employment\nTo Adult Services\nTo Other Known Plans\nPlan Unknown\nSchool SHAKER HIGH SCHOOL District NORTH COLONIE CENTRAL SCHOOL DISTRICT\n2005–06\n2004–05\n2003–04\n2005–06\n2004–05\n2003–04\n2005–06\n2004–05\n2003–04\n2005–06\n2004–05\n2003–04448\n471\n453\n433\n462\n404\n318\n324\n0\n3\n6\n4100%\n100%\n100%\n97%\n98%\n89%\n71%\n69%\nN/A\nN/A\nN/A402\n443\n406\n402\n439\n380\n314\n322\n0\n0\n0\n0100%\n100%\n100%\n100%\n99%\n94%\n78%\n73%\n46\n28\n47\n31\n23\n24\n4\n2\n0\n3\n6\n4100%\n100%\n100%\n67%\n82%\n51%\n9%\n7%\nN/A\nN/A\nN/A\n2005–06\n2004–05\n2003–04\n2005–06\n2004–05\n2003–04\n2005–06\n2004–05\n2003–0440\n33\n23\n0\n0\n4\n40\n36\n302%\n2%\n1%\n0%\n2%\n2%\n2%27\n19\n18\n0\n0\n2\n27\n20\n231%\n1%\n1%\n0%\n1%\n1%\n1%13\n14\n5\n0\n0\n2\n13\n16\n75%\n6%\n3%\n1%\n5%\n7%\n4%\n2005–06 Graduates\n271\n145\n1\n4\n19\n0\n8\n060%\n32%\n0%\n1%\n4%\n2%\n262\n119\n1\n4\n13\n0\n3\n065%\n30%\n0%\n1%\n3%\n1%\n9\n26\n0\n0\n6\n0\n5\n020%\n57%\n13%\n11%\n More Information about the School7\nFinancial Information\nExpenditures per Pupil\nfrom Families Receiving Public Assistance\nnote \nExpenditure data is available only at the district level. \nPublic Assistance information is available only at the school level.\nSchool SHAKER HIGH SCHOOL District NORTH COLONIE CENTRAL SCHOOL DISTRICT\n2004–05 School District-wide Total Expenditures per Pupil\n2004–05 NYS Public School Total\n2005–06 Estimated Percentage of Students$12,244\n$15,035\n1-10%"
} |
[
-0.04477717727422714,
-0.042546346783638,
0.06226089969277382,
-0.0060752700082957745,
0.0007860822370275855,
-0.015073255635797977,
-0.002057656878605485,
0.0022511258721351624,
0.021045951172709465,
0.058570921421051025,
0.02993810921907425,
0.06345521658658981,
0.07017429172992706,
-0.009344005957245827,
-0.009694818407297134,
0.051794957369565964,
0.05888877436518669,
0.008938390761613846,
0.022601455450057983,
0.07103782892227173,
0.05931628495454788,
0.07981845736503601,
0.13367965817451477,
-0.03364640846848488,
0.02594057470560074,
0.012584388256072998,
-0.0376238077878952,
0.0451357364654541,
-0.06286904215812683,
0.06566330045461655,
0.002792984014376998,
-0.025410788133740425,
-0.044144488871097565,
0.06823605298995972,
-0.013854249380528927,
0.08752553164958954,
-0.010802574455738068,
0.07438403367996216,
0.0753714069724083,
0.012126249261200428,
-0.005776792764663696,
-0.07094977051019669,
0.014844255521893501,
0.07231491059064865,
-0.04059058800339699,
-0.02212916873395443,
0.004810449667274952,
-0.0059012300334870815,
-0.06984566152095795,
0.08249074965715408,
0.0040358444675803185,
0.0560636892914772,
-0.045568495988845825,
-0.03288925811648369,
0.07072922587394714,
0.07492086291313171,
-0.037849005311727524,
0.044411685317754745,
0.019808029755949974,
-0.006046535447239876,
-0.004121711011976004,
-0.012751567177474499,
-0.022590983659029007,
-0.020311087369918823,
0.022702639922499657,
-0.023308590054512024,
0.0031060443725436926,
-0.0415823869407177,
0.009197705425322056,
-0.09846316277980804,
0.024104788899421692,
0.08723650872707367,
-0.007225006353110075,
0.006944631692022085,
-0.05777725949883461,
-0.015344420447945595,
0.07949881255626678,
0.1297157257795334,
0.06965567916631699,
-0.053342293947935104,
0.07875657081604004,
0.06298967450857162,
0.019616348668932915,
-0.016337692737579346,
-0.0031982327345758677,
-0.07200140506029129,
-0.022589026018977165,
0.05179418623447418,
-0.01739821583032608,
-0.04390929639339447,
0.11743427813053131,
0.04550148546695709,
0.015654629096388817,
0.013241087086498737,
0.04155977815389633,
0.01694822870194912,
0.008767517283558846,
0.038404420018196106,
-0.07849963009357452,
0.05009359121322632,
-0.032667435705661774,
-0.0681702196598053,
-0.05720925331115723,
-0.003749120980501175,
-0.010883274488151073,
-0.10153580456972122,
0.05109899863600731,
-0.004785342141985893,
-0.08807125687599182,
-0.03491590544581413,
0.05782439187169075,
0.0104967737570405,
-0.02811814658343792,
-0.03756179288029671,
-0.004261226858943701,
0.020035382360219955,
-0.09732219576835632,
-0.0014913611812517047,
-0.004432355053722858,
-0.0044800890609622,
-0.03468853980302811,
0.044992752373218536,
-0.03303470090031624,
0.005207386799156666,
0.08921169489622116,
-0.04541579261422157,
0.08820650726556778,
3.1960619219440353e-34,
-0.0070577641017735004,
-0.008343936875462532,
-0.025926070287823677,
0.026444602757692337,
-0.05525951460003853,
-0.022285694256424904,
0.02979600615799427,
-0.10208955407142639,
-0.028401168063282967,
0.013568784110248089,
-0.030978020280599594,
-0.006165063474327326,
0.012688495218753815,
0.04496995732188225,
-0.06454690545797348,
-0.06774738430976868,
-0.0850876197218895,
0.01064788643270731,
-0.019510740414261818,
-0.06492127478122711,
0.020708240568637848,
-0.006408920045942068,
0.031983014196157455,
0.026569506153464317,
0.04429423063993454,
-0.0449398048222065,
0.03803061321377754,
-0.007852418348193169,
-0.03434862196445465,
0.013713398948311806,
-0.04434672370553017,
0.02374337613582611,
-0.03365352004766464,
-0.04097278416156769,
0.05297812446951866,
-0.05741804093122482,
-0.03985769674181938,
-0.01070561446249485,
-0.007393100764602423,
-0.0670541301369667,
-0.040227700024843216,
0.06304196268320084,
-0.036082230508327484,
0.05005132779479027,
0.008255884051322937,
0.00014398721395991743,
-0.01549550797790289,
0.025739360600709915,
-0.045452944934368134,
-0.04476402327418327,
0.0728033110499382,
0.07011210918426514,
0.020608078688383102,
-0.02457348257303238,
-0.0887325182557106,
-0.03506983071565628,
0.03400793299078941,
-0.0032152673229575157,
0.02842392772436142,
0.015693185850977898,
0.030630746856331825,
-0.026716530323028564,
-0.05215476453304291,
0.010046688839793205,
-0.0800992101430893,
-0.01740563102066517,
-0.13424310088157654,
-0.029558325186371803,
0.11768382042646408,
-0.004195443354547024,
0.041751231998205185,
-0.02894166111946106,
0.040355317294597626,
-0.06711389124393463,
-0.023321207612752914,
0.01921416074037552,
0.05393237993121147,
0.01159189734607935,
-0.05300195887684822,
-0.06178705021739006,
-0.00469602644443512,
-0.03434344381093979,
0.03307364508509636,
0.021732071414589882,
0.04600278288125992,
-0.05251757800579071,
-0.03048301301896572,
-0.13677482306957245,
0.0036093255039304495,
0.00556274363771081,
-0.04454531893134117,
0.04086731746792793,
-0.04046664759516716,
0.0009216604521498084,
0.004798764828592539,
-2.2682814701336958e-33,
0.01539086364209652,
0.013902421109378338,
0.021220773458480835,
-0.004001876804977655,
0.02196989580988884,
-0.01738675870001316,
-0.027471715584397316,
0.007670123595744371,
0.018096216022968292,
-0.05473203584551811,
0.057007770985364914,
0.029529467225074768,
-0.0504787340760231,
0.0489959791302681,
-0.03476022183895111,
0.05298682674765587,
0.026813091710209846,
-0.04574744775891304,
-0.018961992114782333,
-0.02606078051030636,
0.030448302626609802,
0.05268307030200958,
-0.08852393180131912,
0.0007754380931146443,
-0.019987689331173897,
-0.025119414553046227,
0.07047715038061142,
-0.02460235171020031,
-0.01161886379122734,
0.0005426746211014688,
-0.07135216146707535,
-0.0684233084321022,
-0.009053431451320648,
0.04583972692489624,
0.04351530596613884,
0.0387682244181633,
0.05171537026762962,
-0.04770399630069733,
-0.09172503650188446,
0.0938468724489212,
0.15452949702739716,
-0.06206613779067993,
-0.028107624500989914,
-0.044043537229299545,
-0.056268371641635895,
-0.01848169043660164,
0.041860032826662064,
-0.017880922183394432,
-0.08778135478496552,
0.0359516516327858,
0.049505122005939484,
0.08409888297319412,
-0.01158139668405056,
0.012875370681285858,
0.09123114496469498,
0.047794170677661896,
-0.010373203083872795,
-0.09221261739730835,
0.08945100009441376,
-0.027824921533465385,
-0.03852226212620735,
0.08077836036682129,
0.049601927399635315,
-0.13357867300510406,
0.07574964314699173,
0.03767953813076019,
-0.03389328718185425,
-0.0292782261967659,
0.08622182160615921,
0.034476540982723236,
0.032615143805742264,
-0.07270489633083344,
-0.05869216471910477,
-0.11035244911909103,
0.09510056674480438,
0.003958776593208313,
-0.014856013469398022,
-0.0025744412560015917,
-0.10780759155750275,
0.033941056579351425,
-0.001542388927191496,
-0.033433228731155396,
-0.028604932129383087,
-0.02865762822329998,
-0.027409786358475685,
0.04631974548101425,
0.09042254835367203,
-0.015239889733493328,
-0.05971212685108185,
0.0850219875574112,
-0.08359858393669128,
-0.10101576149463654,
0.00503148790448904,
0.04460900276899338,
-0.04416502267122269,
-5.807816805258881e-8,
-0.041458792984485626,
0.07707393914461136,
-0.06807415932416916,
0.017506979405879974,
0.03537607565522194,
0.03941761702299118,
0.009962872602045536,
0.014464612118899822,
0.015206619165837765,
0.05306210741400719,
0.17544861137866974,
0.022361526265740395,
-0.06928505748510361,
-0.02498280443251133,
0.014897161163389683,
0.03415314108133316,
-0.07483252137899399,
-0.021039536222815514,
-0.07068608701229095,
-0.08091817796230316,
0.011730085127055645,
0.031791385263204575,
-0.024559371173381805,
0.029374349862337112,
0.014148532412946224,
0.024977339431643486,
-0.10900241136550903,
0.06356080621480942,
0.008340710774064064,
0.05538284033536911,
-0.015881748870015144,
0.060534603893756866,
-0.08162888884544373,
-0.020561357960104942,
0.002868644893169403,
-0.009313846938312054,
-0.08086651563644409,
0.00039161075255833566,
0.10137906670570374,
-0.01200551725924015,
-0.11245168000459671,
0.00702222203835845,
0.032676082104444504,
0.08315911889076233,
-0.020397713407874107,
-0.04512009024620056,
-0.025437528267502785,
0.0115674352273345,
0.06245982646942139,
-0.0366269089281559,
-0.04198778420686722,
-0.010939324274659157,
-0.07172033935785294,
0.0208771713078022,
-0.02164711430668831,
0.046615008264780045,
0.031118765473365784,
-0.059659022837877274,
-0.08406256139278412,
-0.04387984424829483,
-0.021276326850056648,
-0.031089112162590027,
0.01105659268796444,
-0.016393352299928665
] | {
"pdf_file": "6C5QST2YJX7GA4BOHPZK66SWOSEATYGO.pdf",
"text": "December 1, 2009: Congressman Wittman Statement on President's Afghanistan Decision \nWASHINGTON, D.C. - This evening, Congressman Rob Wittman released the following\nstatement regarding the President's decision on the way ahead in Afghanistan. \n \n \n\"I'm pleased that the President has come to a decision on the future strategy of our forces in\nAfghanistan and I fully support the deployment of additional troops and resources to aid in the\nfight against extremists. However, I am concerned with the mention of any sort of hard and fast\ntime table. This simply sends the wrong message to the civilian population and provides a time\nclock for al-Qaeda and the Taliban to wait for our departure. We need to remember that the\nreason we went to Afghanistan was to eliminate al-Qaeda and provide freedom to an oppressed\nnation, and we should not leave until that job is finished. I have full faith and confidence in our\nmilitary leadership and our troops that they will successfully complete this mission and I call on\nthe President, Congress, and our Allies to provide them the tools to get the job done.\"\n \n \n \n \nCongressman Rob Wittman represents the First District of Virginia. He was elected to his first\nfull term in November 2008 and serves on the Natural Resources Committee and the Armed\nServices Committee where he is the Ranking Member of the Oversight and Investigations\nSubcommittee.\n 1 / 1"
} |
[
-0.058192990720272064,
-0.04209277778863907,
0.03138258680701256,
-0.017033683136105537,
0.04101633280515671,
0.030446749180555344,
-0.027031127363443375,
0.022619448602199554,
-0.004011448472738266,
0.0467083714902401,
-0.04036998376250267,
0.020628703758120537,
-0.09982053190469742,
0.002869350602850318,
-0.0318666435778141,
0.009052989073097706,
0.025859512388706207,
-0.05574197694659233,
-0.06254088878631592,
0.04934416711330414,
-0.00739190774038434,
0.07931192964315414,
-0.02558143250644207,
0.0006258839857764542,
-0.06436000019311905,
0.0010781061137095094,
-0.10202914476394653,
0.028569623827934265,
0.0070894318632781506,
-0.046802494674921036,
0.01610739156603813,
0.04799362272024155,
0.11413712799549103,
0.04155785217881203,
0.03542587161064148,
0.005956927314400673,
0.039741404354572296,
-0.055559832602739334,
0.0008552815415896475,
0.03365039825439453,
0.002400577301159501,
-0.013034799136221409,
-0.04585015028715134,
0.056724488735198975,
-0.06357569992542267,
-0.011594229377806187,
0.026661032810807228,
-0.04859296977519989,
-0.04707583785057068,
0.02067727781832218,
-0.05326620861887932,
-0.036609821021556854,
0.005604268051683903,
-0.07259175926446915,
-0.003053392982110381,
-0.0026205081958323717,
-0.010602517053484917,
-0.06280627846717834,
0.006554148625582457,
-0.06895355135202408,
-0.031856320798397064,
-0.014903021045029163,
-0.08713088184595108,
0.013419773429632187,
-0.0050392067059874535,
0.023960288614034653,
-0.062273457646369934,
-0.08079101145267487,
0.028360003605484962,
-0.061026498675346375,
0.023952031508088112,
0.0066435630433261395,
-0.0660942792892456,
-0.03375634178519249,
-0.032770633697509766,
0.030408859252929688,
0.030957713723182678,
0.11697404086589813,
0.10842406004667282,
-0.14868862926959991,
-0.023257680237293243,
-0.011877354234457016,
0.019849175587296486,
-0.0349661260843277,
0.006050373427569866,
-0.0474468469619751,
-0.007691428996622562,
0.04550641402602196,
0.014952518045902252,
0.009447210468351841,
0.03979446738958359,
0.0268186517059803,
0.07970550656318665,
-0.03156762942671776,
0.0014812281588092446,
0.07810281962156296,
-0.03388728201389313,
-0.02244076505303383,
0.029237719252705574,
0.0749695897102356,
-0.01602182164788246,
0.09090487658977509,
-0.13333475589752197,
-0.048154257237911224,
-0.03887754678726196,
-0.047490835189819336,
-0.005056506022810936,
0.029417522251605988,
0.024352045729756355,
-0.05147310346364975,
-0.006653209216892719,
0.03377600014209747,
0.017531203106045723,
0.040812376886606216,
-0.07238449156284332,
0.025090765208005905,
-0.046473123133182526,
0.0034751510247588158,
0.012275874614715576,
-0.03829367086291313,
-0.005143033340573311,
-0.0020976702217012644,
-0.0018662743968889117,
-0.027995184063911438,
0.028329037129878998,
0.08001860231161118,
0.030495312064886093,
4.9274434645906035e-33,
0.0017480755923315883,
-0.03936845064163208,
-0.01809925027191639,
-0.009761135093867779,
0.05697653070092201,
-0.00661125173792243,
0.0058403112925589085,
-0.031583383679389954,
0.028553735464811325,
-0.016130631789565086,
-0.009995738975703716,
0.013040750287473202,
0.03092890791594982,
-0.040989264845848083,
-0.08086632937192917,
-0.07327248156070709,
0.02191285975277424,
0.05480940639972687,
-0.10523892939090729,
-0.01119383703917265,
0.07152512669563293,
-0.06286873668432236,
0.03189929202198982,
-0.010319629684090614,
0.05601504072546959,
0.041703157126903534,
-0.040623847395181656,
0.0319223515689373,
0.15489022433757782,
0.061288684606552124,
-0.027660300955176353,
-0.06312523037195206,
0.009168851189315319,
0.03885064646601677,
0.1030581146478653,
0.012601378373801708,
0.019756630063056946,
-0.012141718529164791,
0.03033543936908245,
-0.005949636921286583,
0.022455796599388123,
0.0034609760623425245,
0.0016674153739586473,
0.009771023876965046,
-0.04005656763911247,
-0.055174969136714935,
0.02631755731999874,
0.0625034049153328,
0.04096337407827377,
0.06321999430656433,
0.031219087541103363,
0.005353122018277645,
0.05350979417562485,
-0.05118684098124504,
-0.04590005800127983,
-0.046249907463788986,
0.02471168339252472,
0.006874999962747097,
-0.0680730789899826,
0.01371030043810606,
0.07257350534200668,
0.1330980658531189,
-0.04593122750520706,
-0.02469784952700138,
-0.05242173746228218,
-0.04461325332522392,
-0.03723189979791641,
0.042427919805049896,
0.05869830399751663,
-0.04973698407411575,
0.0448511466383934,
-0.02867470309138298,
0.03922753781080246,
0.0008993906667456031,
-0.03479775786399841,
-0.049309518188238144,
0.03156416490674019,
0.030822372063994408,
0.0071419235318899155,
-0.02093709632754326,
-0.029506530612707138,
0.007141726091504097,
-0.044483888894319534,
-0.03363857790827751,
-0.011340970173478127,
-0.06825700402259827,
0.05101500451564789,
0.01797516644001007,
-0.03531055897474289,
-0.032625358551740646,
-0.07442107796669006,
-0.007478947285562754,
0.0321754589676857,
0.047517724335193634,
0.029164254665374756,
-7.248217920657215e-33,
-0.04811219498515129,
-0.02750525437295437,
-0.03717360645532608,
-0.021577060222625732,
-0.046889398247003555,
-0.033710237592458725,
0.05047569423913956,
-0.07980749011039734,
0.11416743695735931,
-0.06798142194747925,
-0.05584453418850899,
0.07945144176483154,
-0.012291557155549526,
-0.024859795346856117,
-0.06460226327180862,
-0.007987656630575657,
0.0846044197678566,
-0.01730191521346569,
-0.010638290084898472,
-0.030119286850094795,
0.07744958251714706,
0.06363269686698914,
0.008274749852716923,
0.08340998739004135,
0.009667430073022842,
0.04252876713871956,
0.16789644956588745,
-0.009041782468557358,
-0.014433616772294044,
-0.014962413348257542,
-0.033010464161634445,
-0.0166619885712862,
-0.07078471779823303,
0.055957064032554626,
-0.07544868439435959,
-0.028558343648910522,
0.08357861638069153,
-0.016991447657346725,
-0.04984784498810768,
0.0035494572948664427,
0.10226055979728699,
-0.03693894296884537,
-0.03164514899253845,
0.05417986586689949,
-0.029251132160425186,
0.07768471539020538,
0.03964068368077278,
0.006566296797245741,
-0.05436674505472183,
0.015046080574393272,
-0.06524145603179932,
0.03417547047138214,
-0.012653090059757233,
0.05279530957341194,
-0.0358373261988163,
0.040675725787878036,
0.056175585836172104,
-0.0196604635566473,
0.09338658303022385,
0.005889537278562784,
-0.0054560168646276,
0.1420968472957611,
0.005342822056263685,
-0.035937756299972534,
0.08617400377988815,
0.03543879836797714,
0.004444439895451069,
-0.08712387084960938,
0.05543379485607147,
-0.0658959373831749,
-0.05462988093495369,
-0.06959302723407745,
-0.0976610779762268,
-0.045356422662734985,
-0.02331143245100975,
0.09980174899101257,
-0.03881320357322693,
-0.040828902274370193,
-0.09265422821044922,
-0.0017226459458470345,
0.012365877628326416,
-0.04230274632573128,
-0.040119484066963196,
0.013499490916728973,
0.009076972492039204,
0.023910649120807648,
0.01837329752743244,
-0.025529645383358,
0.005486175883561373,
0.04754312336444855,
-0.01662156730890274,
-0.0447356179356575,
0.05352667346596718,
0.09305176138877869,
0.0049144490621984005,
-7.228897658251299e-8,
0.08177157491445541,
0.027178658172488213,
-0.009483566507697105,
0.0576883964240551,
0.12219500541687012,
-0.05711239576339722,
-0.09310965240001678,
-0.01837870106101036,
-0.024426594376564026,
0.018585383892059326,
0.10291625559329987,
0.014393698424100876,
-0.05514286085963249,
-0.025173308327794075,
0.043467991054058075,
-0.021250465884804726,
-0.04687977954745293,
-0.06455431133508682,
-0.10364926606416702,
-0.02455255761742592,
-0.0725993663072586,
-0.037739191204309464,
-0.050329405814409256,
0.023903315886855125,
0.021474206820130348,
-0.05272916704416275,
-0.06031583622097969,
0.06075862795114517,
0.028732208535075188,
0.0033506806939840317,
0.049315229058265686,
0.09086364507675171,
-0.06314733624458313,
0.057487547397613525,
-0.004291223362088203,
-0.08490874618291855,
-0.03280334174633026,
0.05759164318442345,
0.08157956600189209,
0.023270785808563232,
-0.06569723784923553,
0.025329696014523506,
-0.041075073182582855,
0.045864637941122055,
-0.022145165130496025,
0.03190869465470314,
-0.11243589222431183,
0.009853670373558998,
0.06805656105279922,
-0.10430066287517548,
0.01686134561896324,
-0.052938468754291534,
0.0003703593974933028,
0.11467274278402328,
-0.015977002680301666,
0.04776330292224884,
-0.012845272198319435,
-0.09512920677661896,
-0.038942039012908936,
-0.012434374541044235,
-0.022537169978022575,
0.041770704090595245,
-0.10544327646493912,
0.029726259410381317
] | {
"pdf_file": "D3BLEFGEYIMPXCDAJJUYBTSMJEAURKTV.pdf",
"text": "Final Page 1 of Final Page 5 Finance, Audit and Compliance Committee \nMeeting Minutes \nBoard of Game and Inland Fisheries \n4000 West Broad Street \nRichmond, Virginia 23230 \n \nOctober 7, 2009 \n3:30pm \n \nPresent : John Montgomery, Jr., Chairman and Dr. William T. Greer; Director: Robert \n“Bob” W. Duncan; Chief Operating Officer : Matt Koch; Senior Leadership Team : \nRay Davis, Larry Hart, Larry Harizanoff, Charlie Sledd, Colonel Dabney “ Dee” Watts \nand David Whitehurst: LDP Fellow : Prashant Dixit \n \nThe Chairman welcomed everyone and called the meeting to order at 3:30pm. \n \nApproval of the May 11, 2009 Committee Meeting Minutes: The Chairman called for \na motion to approve the May l1, 2009 Committee Meeting Minutes. Dr. Greer made \nthe following motion: I hereby move the minutes of the meeting be approve d as \nsubmitted. Mr. Montgomery Second the motion. Ayes: Montgomery and Greer . \n \n2010 Legislative Update: The Chairman called upon Mr. Charlie Sledd to provide an \nupdate on the Agency Legislative Proposals for the 2010 General Assembly. Mr. Sl edd \nindicated that the agency’s nine proposals had been sent to all of the Board Members \nwhen they were submitted to the Secretary of Natural Resources at the end of Aug ust. \nSeptember 9 th was the last day for Cabinet Secretaries to screen proposals and send \napproved proposals to the Department of Planning and Budget (DPB) and the Governor’s \nPolicy Office. October 21 st is the next deadline and is the last day for DPB to complete \nfull review of legislative proposals and forward comments to the Governor’s Poli cy \nOffice. November 30 th is the target date for the Governor to complete review of agency \nlegislative proposals. An update will be provided at the next meeting. \n \nMr. Montgomery thanked Mr. Sledd for his efforts in meeting all of the required \ndeadlines. \n \nPresentation of the Financial Statement : The Chairman called upon Mr. Matt Koch for \nthe presentation of the Financial Statement. Mr. Koch reported on the Agency’s B udget-\nto-Actuals performance for FY2009. Included in the budget background information as \nthat: \n \n• Revenue was below appropriations and therefore was the limiting factor in FY \n2009. \n• Operating Forecast was 99% accurate. \n• Actual capital revenue was $600,000 over forecast due to a federal fisheries grant \nbeing re-designated for Coursey Springs. Final Page 2 of Final Page 5 • Budget adjustments were mandated by the Administration and had the desired \nimpact of reducing Agency expenses. \n \nRevenue continues to be a concern for the Agency. Boating revenue is projected to \ndecline in FY 2010. The Agency plans to incorporate an Indirect Cost Rate on federal \ngrants that will result in capturing an additional $1,800,000 in Federal revenue and the \nPittman Robertson Fund is expected to increase 40% due to increased firearm and \nammunition sales. \n \nDGIF will perform quarterly budget reviews and reallocate divisional budgets based on \nthen-current Agency priorities. \n \nMr. Koch noted that an appendix was attached to the handout reflecting the Revenue by \nSource and the Budget to Actual Expenditures for FY 2009. A discussion was held by the \nCommittee and Staff on the projected revenue. \n \nMr. Montgomery thanked Mr. Koch for his report. \n \nSmall Purchase Charge Card Report: Mr. Montgomery called upon Mr. John Moore \nto present the Small Purchase Charge Card Report for the months of March-August 2009. \nSPCC training continues for staff to improve reporting requirements with in age ncy \npolicy and state guidelines. Staff continues to perform 10% random audits of these ca rds. \nA discussion was held between the Committee and staff on the use of the card. \n \nThe Chairman thanked Mr. Moore for his report. \n \n Auditor of Public Accounts Update: Mr. Montgomery called upon Mr. Moore to \nprovide an update from the Auditor of Public Accounts. Mr. Moore stated an exit \ninterview was conducted to day with the Dr. Greer, the Director and COO. The repor t \nindicates only one finding- the agency does not have a documented BIA (Business \nImpact Analysis). Mr. Moore indicated this plan would be completed by the end of this \ncalendar year. An update will be provided at the next meeting. Mr. Duncan thanked \neveryone for their work. Mr. Montgomery thanked Dr. Greer for his participation i n this \nbriefing. \n \nThe Chairman thanked Mr. Moore for his report. \n \nMedia Services Quarterly Report: Mr. Montgomery called upon Mr. Lee Walker to \npresent the 2009 third Quarter Media Services Report. Mr. Walker highlighted some of \nthe numerous activities of the Information and Education Division, Information Sec tion. \n \nIn the fourth quarter of FY2009, approximately 166 media inquiries/interviews were \nfielded by the Media Relations Coordinator and 15 news releases were distributed t o \nVirginia outdoor writes and mainstream news media on such topics as: White-Nose \nSyndrome in bats in Virginia; Eagle Cam (joint with the Norfolk Botanical Garde n) and \nOperation Dry Water just to name a few. Final Page 3 of Final Page 5 \nSix editions of the Outdoor Report were published on schedule, bi-monthly the second \nand fourth Wednesdays of each month during this quarter. The Outdoor Report \nsubscription list has grown from 16,000 subscriptions in December 2008, which it was \nfirst launched, to 23,100 which the distribution for the June 24 th edition. During this \nquarter, web production staff made significant changes to the format to enhance de livery \nwith faster downloads. Major changes include: subscribers now get an introductory \nemail with a link to the full Outdoor Report on the internet. This cuts down on \ndownloading time for subscribers, especially those with dial-up access and enhanc ed \nformatting that allows readers to click on specific sections rather scrol l through the entire \nnewsletter. \n \nIn addition to all of the other activities of the Division, staff participated in the National \nWild Turkey Federation annual fund raising banquet; assisted with the Butch Trinca \nMemorial Turkey Hunt for Disable Sportsmen in Albemarle in partnership with NWT F \nvolunteers and their Wheelin’ Sportsmen Program; and the Annual Wheelin’ Sportsmen \nAwards Banquet in Fishersville. \n \nThe Video production stayed active with the production of a new combo DVD featuring \nPanfish Filleting and Squirrel Skinning Quick and Easy ; production of Boating Safety \nPSA for the Boating Safety Education Campaign. Videos were also sent for post on \nMyOutdoorTV.com: Looking Back, Moving Forward: Our Continuing Mission; Virginia \nConservation Police Officers and Habitat at Home. \n \nOur Webmaster stays busy with the Agency Website now home to approximately 3,800 \npages including many web-based applications that enable customer transactions and \npublic input. Highlights included advertisements for use on the Virginia Tech \nHokieSports.com website to promote fishing licenses and boating safety education a s part \nof an advertising contract which concluded at the end of the fiscal year; developed new \npages to support White-Nosed Syndrome information and developed a set of pages and \ngraphics to support the Department’s involvement in Operation Dry Water and \ncoordinated with the Angling Education and Video Production sections to begin work on \na series of “Fishing 101” videos and web pages. \n \nThe Virginia Wildlife Magazine continues to be the Agency’s flagship publication. \nMagazine highlights during this quarter included hunting features about spring gobblers \nand two, hunting-related land preservations stories. Fishing features covered the J ames \nRiver catfish fishery, a historical look at the Chickahominy River Fisherie s, and several \nphoto essays. Other features covered important Department news, such as the new \nMerrimac Farm property, and a celebration of wild foods and habitat diversity. Al so \ncovered were a primer on beekeeping, a spotlight on the Rice Center, and a bluebird \nresearch project. \n \nThe 2009-2010 Hunting Regulations were published during this quarter; 400,000 copies \nare in the process of being distributed to the 650-plus license agents. As a cost sa vings \nmeasure, the Hunting Regulations were totally redesigned and the number of page s Final Page 4 of Final Page 5 reduced from 80 to 56 in both the 2009 and 2010 editions. Advertising also continued \nwithin this year’s digest. Both efforts will, collectively, save about a thir d in over all \nprinting and shipping cost. \n \nMr. Walker also covered the 2009 Lapsed Angler Direct mail Marketing Program and \npreliminary results of the 2009 direct mail marketing efforts will be availa ble in \nSeptember 2009 and a full report will be available by December 2009. \n \nThe Apprentice Hunting License Marketing Plan is in its second year and continues to \nutilize VDGIF publications, such as Virginia Wildlife magazine, Hunting Regul ations, \nVirginia Wildlife Calendar, VDGIF Website, brochures, fliers, wallet c ard reminders, \nnew license carriers and newspaper advertising as well as press releas es and story pitches \nto reporters. Marketing efforts began July 1, 2009, and continued through April 2010. \nAs of June 2009, 4,182 resident Apprentice Hunting Licenses and 606 non resident \nApprentice Hunting licenses have been sold. \n \nMr. Walker gave a brief overview of the 2009 Lapsed Hunter Direct Mail Marketing \nProgram . In May 2009, the Agency was notified by the National Shooting Sports \nFoundation that the agency has been awarded a $79,000 one year grant. The overall \npurpose of the NSSF/VDGIF Lapsed Hunter Grant is to develop a communication or \noutreach program/projects to recruit lapsed hunters. VDGIF has partnered wit h NSSF, \nSouthwick Associates, Mile Creek Communications, and Responsive Management to \ndevelop a comprehensive, integrated marketing approach to target lapsed hunters wi th a \nfuture goal of implementing a marketing strategy to motivate hunters to by a hunting \nlicense in the future (Fall 2010). An update on this program will be provided at the next \nmeeting. \n \nThe office of boating safety has been busy preparing materials and providing inform ation \nto the public to implement the new Boating Safety Education requirement that went into \neffect July 1, 2009. The staff has developed a dockside Safety Checklist and a new \nlifetime Virginia Boating Safety Education card. Staff continues to util ize a variety of \nmarketing techniques to help inform the public about the new boating safety educati on \nrequirement through paid advertising, posters and other pamphlets. This year \napproximately 200 classroom courses have been held. \n \nThe Chairman thanked Mr. Walker for his report. \n \nInternal Auditor Report : The Chairman called upon Mr. John Allen for his report. Mr. \nAllen reported that two internal audit reports were already issued this fis cal year. There \nwere no significant findings. The annual Information Security Audit will begin w ith an \nentrance conference next week. The APA recently conducted a state-wide survey of \ninternal audit structures and hotline functions at various agencies within the \nCommonwealth. Mr. Allen has provided answers to those questions. The Chairman \nasked whether the agency would receive a copy of the comparative results, and Mr. A llen \nsaid that he would seek clarification whether the agency would receive a draf t report or Final Page 5 of Final Page 5 simply the final comparison report. A draft internal audit plan was submitted to the \ncommittee chairman recently. \n \nA brief discussion was held by Committee and Mr. Allen. The Chairman thanked Mr. \nAllen for his report. \n \nOther Business/Additional Comments: The Chairman called upon Mr. Duncan for any \nadditional comments. Mr. Duncan stated the Agency received to DHS grants to purchas e \nSafe Boats and Equipment for the Law Enforcement Division. Mr. Duncan thanked Law \nEnforcement and Mr. Tom Wilcox for their efforts in obtaining this grant. \n \nMr. Duncan stated during the October Board Meeting, a full report will be presente d on \nthe Youth Hunting Day. \n \nThe Chairman thanked Dr. Greer for his attendance today. \n \nThe Chairman announced the next meeting will be held on November 17 th , 2009 at \n5:30pm. \n \nThere being no additional business, the meeting was adjourned. \n \n \n Respectfully submitted, \n \n \n Beth Drewery \n Board Secretary \n \n \n "
} |
[
0.031140189617872238,
0.1152108684182167,
0.0163612999022007,
-0.029468540102243423,
-0.0192469023168087,
0.032080840319395065,
-0.008280758745968342,
-0.06108548864722252,
-0.02302195131778717,
0.014636407606303692,
-0.033469174057245255,
0.020358705893158913,
-0.0027903167065232992,
-0.009214233607053757,
0.006059830076992512,
0.022121720016002655,
0.013785133138298988,
0.025758685544133186,
-0.03117152489721775,
-0.01293078064918518,
-0.007939513772726059,
0.042623814195394516,
0.007657224778085947,
0.020221475511789322,
-0.02295834571123123,
-0.0036083064042031765,
0.002728549065068364,
-0.04147740826010704,
-0.04023256525397301,
-0.04983566328883171,
-0.010755526833236217,
0.048214081674814224,
-0.06176379695534706,
0.03621542453765869,
0.001789842383004725,
0.08475618064403534,
0.011908113956451416,
0.021229881793260574,
0.005158660467714071,
-0.010677777230739594,
-0.0580059252679348,
0.002922806655988097,
-0.029402077198028564,
-0.03284471482038498,
-0.031035739928483963,
-0.010997772216796875,
0.02870900183916092,
0.0071709128096699715,
0.025991879403591156,
0.07564131915569305,
0.06007646769285202,
-0.021185891702771187,
-0.019948557019233704,
-0.03365306928753853,
0.007641782984137535,
0.004693473689258099,
0.00021288744756020606,
-0.06869449466466904,
-0.05713457986712456,
-0.060908474028110504,
-0.10057515650987625,
-0.01954619772732258,
-0.01550794392824173,
0.041881024837493896,
-0.002446170197799802,
-0.020137928426265717,
-0.06761299818754196,
-0.05054815113544464,
-0.01988302171230316,
-0.10459129512310028,
0.02085036225616932,
0.09263745695352554,
0.04670614376664162,
-0.0066865189000964165,
-0.002060328144580126,
-0.019172843545675278,
0.011917726136744022,
0.04940341040492058,
0.06562834978103638,
0.034052301198244095,
-0.04742952063679695,
-0.008525540120899677,
0.05560557171702385,
-0.020176291465759277,
0.008148645050823689,
-0.0051511856727302074,
-0.09673156589269638,
0.07378292828798294,
-0.0052065057680010796,
-0.007765477057546377,
0.05883967876434326,
0.05905066430568695,
0.07880620658397675,
0.08235684037208557,
-0.0077974447049200535,
-0.030861273407936096,
0.015301685780286789,
0.011783489026129246,
-0.03512756526470184,
0.026320550590753555,
-0.003697991603985429,
0.07344570755958557,
-0.03920818865299225,
-0.018087327480316162,
0.007368733640760183,
-0.05519620329141617,
-0.008975384756922722,
-0.06295786798000336,
-0.03493138402700424,
-0.07246243208646774,
0.057603269815444946,
-0.06297162920236588,
0.00471161026507616,
-0.023054156452417374,
-0.033685799688100815,
0.044508740305900574,
-0.021595187485218048,
0.0446135438978672,
0.05982577055692673,
-0.03094758652150631,
0.025999704375863075,
0.1116822361946106,
-0.0017362097278237343,
0.007725121453404427,
-0.03619387373328209,
-0.059536971151828766,
-0.027406930923461914,
9.918347461078287e-34,
0.03387884795665741,
0.10374531149864197,
-0.00764253968372941,
0.09602565318346024,
0.09127745777368546,
0.004408525303006172,
0.01374821923673153,
-0.03501807525753975,
0.013277821242809296,
-0.03366154432296753,
-0.017554711550474167,
0.049584802240133286,
0.029718713834881783,
0.01917944848537445,
0.011257600970566273,
0.017531583085656166,
-0.13604135811328888,
-0.02837177738547325,
-0.05907168611884117,
0.037535689771175385,
0.017590831965208054,
-0.031621649861335754,
0.05860400199890137,
0.010472745634615421,
0.002621415536850691,
0.05526774376630783,
0.011853798292577267,
0.014531834051012993,
0.015259514562785625,
0.01982032135128975,
0.0675240233540535,
-0.062105692923069,
0.021673398092389107,
0.02244487591087818,
0.056277498602867126,
-0.020774701610207558,
0.005301346071064472,
-0.0114213228225708,
-0.03107176162302494,
0.025075802579522133,
0.0039005104918032885,
-0.042368240654468536,
0.04005778580904007,
0.02245214581489563,
-0.06968027353286743,
-0.007192660588771105,
0.11350730061531067,
0.02448839135468006,
0.04768165946006775,
0.07749075442552567,
0.0761481523513794,
0.020334143191576004,
-0.009100728668272495,
-0.0897279754281044,
-0.05299965664744377,
-0.15785236656665802,
0.025709647685289383,
-0.0059768580831587315,
0.0715491846203804,
-0.09606488794088364,
-0.005077333655208349,
0.021414579823613167,
0.022985555231571198,
0.034844547510147095,
-0.1210111677646637,
-0.026188770309090614,
-0.010817335918545723,
-0.020910019055008888,
0.01140308752655983,
-0.04567113146185875,
0.012142326682806015,
0.06833018362522125,
0.001873113214969635,
-0.10569635778665543,
-0.05757727846503258,
0.05991724506020546,
0.05599690228700638,
-0.06274883449077606,
0.009837324731051922,
0.01114740315824747,
-0.06783206760883331,
-0.08403576165437698,
0.013963119126856327,
-0.11192958056926727,
-0.014017635025084019,
-0.1110776886343956,
0.04672567546367645,
-0.04017052799463272,
0.013857223093509674,
0.030320066958665848,
0.007220338564366102,
0.04760954901576042,
-0.023046990856528282,
0.036693379282951355,
0.08426009863615036,
-2.6085815745669786e-33,
0.03221350908279419,
-0.05541452020406723,
-0.007744660135358572,
-0.03452279418706894,
0.020869841799139977,
-0.06939573585987091,
0.02675800211727619,
-0.07510854303836823,
0.09874340891838074,
-0.05209117755293846,
-0.00645708292722702,
0.049452170729637146,
-0.017856784164905548,
0.04897291958332062,
0.019428489729762077,
-0.05075530335307121,
0.03526894003152847,
0.0687461569905281,
0.011775965802371502,
-0.05993868410587311,
-0.041496846824884415,
0.148709237575531,
-0.12379773706197739,
-0.06925761699676514,
-0.00991921778768301,
0.03107888624072075,
0.09469886869192123,
-0.11330210417509079,
0.0594354048371315,
-0.013577037490904331,
0.0060249692760407925,
-0.17625658214092255,
-0.04490793123841286,
0.10143730789422989,
-0.00023956436780281365,
0.04691777005791664,
0.037838492542505264,
-0.04265166446566582,
0.06726714223623276,
0.08324486762285233,
0.11835462599992752,
-0.04943566024303436,
-0.011736579239368439,
0.025213781744241714,
-0.04814606532454491,
-0.02004138194024563,
-0.08699610084295273,
0.03644474968314171,
0.041182879358530045,
0.05998960882425308,
0.003872406668961048,
0.009569247253239155,
-0.014519884251058102,
0.03351922333240509,
0.019506633281707764,
0.03648072108626366,
-0.03534938395023346,
0.01843353547155857,
0.01845446601510048,
0.05312446504831314,
-0.05696398764848709,
-0.02459181845188141,
-0.00558585487306118,
-0.0989101231098175,
-0.040603309869766235,
-0.042173486202955246,
-0.06290330737829208,
-0.04396926611661911,
0.02645428664982319,
0.05831950530409813,
-0.027017828077077866,
-0.05048355460166931,
-0.07850678265094757,
-0.06738385558128357,
-0.0214643944054842,
0.02740912139415741,
0.12056023627519608,
0.11159210652112961,
0.04354036599397659,
-0.04100264981389046,
-0.06288795918226242,
-0.03099646419286728,
-0.017268432304263115,
0.015357879921793938,
0.07624007761478424,
0.0014686124632135034,
-0.0008680341416038573,
-0.023432115092873573,
0.022463763132691383,
0.021387619897723198,
0.05664919316768646,
0.05696482956409454,
0.06658890098333359,
0.03083178773522377,
0.024721313267946243,
-4.4677996413611254e-8,
0.020014215260744095,
0.013486522249877453,
-0.09664955735206604,
-0.04124189540743828,
0.046351633965969086,
-0.033811021596193314,
0.10972623527050018,
-0.04764807969331741,
-0.06342680752277374,
0.08070477098226547,
0.11007612198591232,
-0.013364134356379509,
-0.0611141175031662,
-0.10078411549329758,
0.06527452170848846,
-0.005621851421892643,
-0.06736162304878235,
-0.002449669176712632,
-0.010318778455257416,
-0.031850364059209824,
0.007006041705608368,
-0.08991200476884842,
0.024787316098809242,
0.0018169587710872293,
-0.11266674101352692,
0.023170094937086105,
0.06376726180315018,
-0.045235518366098404,
0.006930679082870483,
0.010514836758375168,
-0.02924753725528717,
0.05205638334155083,
-0.0026651807129383087,
-0.09041129052639008,
-0.006284182891249657,
-0.025539150461554527,
-0.0751439705491066,
0.020292168483138084,
0.04897114634513855,
0.07154262810945511,
-0.013508988544344902,
-0.07672154158353806,
0.006101436913013458,
-0.0433756522834301,
-0.003430618206039071,
-0.024417217820882797,
0.047733813524246216,
-0.009695020504295826,
0.046599652618169785,
0.07404429465532303,
-0.08896241337060928,
0.0037624130491167307,
-0.006893934682011604,
0.06750577688217163,
0.005317070055752993,
-0.007590078748762608,
0.04026326164603233,
-0.046216510236263275,
0.029499325901269913,
-0.0046968404203653336,
0.06750339269638062,
0.013602680526673794,
-0.0378604419529438,
-0.011939658783376217
] | {
"pdf_file": "HOR7BQTQAFIPH2Z5TCKEJ5FZCCV7MZBO.pdf",
"text": "BARROW TO VISIT WITH HOLIDAY CARD ART CONTEST WINNER\n\r\nTomorrow, December 17, at 11:00 a.m., Congressman John Barrow\r\n(GA-12) will be at Collins Elementary School in Augusta to congratulate the winner of his\r\nHoliday Card Art Contest, Teia Patrick, a 5th Grader at Collins. He will present her with a framed copy of the\r\ncard she designed as well as an official 2008 Congressional ornament.\r\n\r\n\r\nMore than 500 students from over 100 12th District schools submitted their artwork to be used\r\nas the cover for Congressman Barrow's 2008 Holiday Card. The theme for the contest was \"Holidays in\r\nthe 12th District.\"\r\nStudents from kindergarten to 5th Grade were asked to\r\nparticipate. Although all of the\r\ndrawings and designs were wonderful, Teia Patrick's artwork was chosen from all\r\nof the submissions as the very best. It\r\nis now the cover of Congressman Barrow's card for this year. On the back of the card is a photo of Teia\r\nand Congressman Barrow.\r\n\r\n\r\n\"Teia's card really represented what the holidays mean to\r\nfolks in the 12th District,\"\r\nsaid Barrow. \"Being at home with your\r\nfamily and enjoying time together is really what the holidays are all about.\"\r\n\r\n\r\nAn electronic copy of Congressman Barrow's 2008 Holiday Card\r\nfeaturing Teia Patrick's design is attached to this advisory.\r\n\r\n\r\n \r\n\r\n\r\nWho: Congressman John Barrow (GA-12)\r\n\r\n\r\nWhat: Visit with Holiday\r\nCard Art Contest Winner\r\n\r\n\r\nWhen: December 17, 2008\r\n\r\n\r\nWhere: Collins Elementary School,\r\n1321 Swanee Quintet Boulevard,\r\nAugusta\rJohn Barrow\nhttp://www.barrow.house.gov Powered by Joomla! Generated: 1 December, 2009, 16:28 \r\n\r\n \r\n\r\n\r\n###\r\n\r\nJohn Barrow\nhttp://www.barrow.house.gov Powered by Joomla! Generated: 1 December, 2009, 16:28"
} |
[
-0.03439251706004143,
-0.0864521712064743,
-0.037632424384355545,
-0.015046960674226284,
-0.005597052164375782,
0.06351576745510101,
0.008895604871213436,
0.02164383977651596,
-0.10974738746881485,
-0.03733910247683525,
-0.0008321439381688833,
-0.012430727481842041,
-0.04445329308509827,
-0.03254976123571396,
-0.047863394021987915,
0.011244955472648144,
0.053785841912031174,
-0.04326003044843674,
-0.04646880552172661,
-0.020539674907922745,
0.07032524049282074,
0.025999411940574646,
-0.004205747507512569,
-0.06902430206537247,
0.007823742926120758,
-0.042473237961530685,
-0.00860353372991085,
-0.07123468071222305,
0.0020720285829156637,
-0.03982012718915939,
-0.022534647956490517,
0.039642684161663055,
0.04549013078212738,
0.051184557378292084,
0.08139897137880325,
0.03838621824979782,
0.054009679704904556,
-0.014106590300798416,
0.01092271227389574,
-0.016933122649788857,
0.0050073363818228245,
-0.04581402614712715,
-0.010831809602677822,
-0.02476774901151657,
-0.0008073616772890091,
0.006147958803921938,
-0.007650777231901884,
-0.01769360527396202,
-0.04466729238629341,
0.02145160362124443,
0.03309612348675728,
0.023302415385842323,
-0.00011320447083562613,
0.0657394751906395,
0.0024630946572870016,
0.07199593633413315,
0.07269015163183212,
0.022125227376818657,
-0.027465933933854103,
0.0009894786635413766,
0.020855577662587166,
-0.0196370966732502,
-0.0059852902777493,
-0.03177529200911522,
0.03588690981268883,
-0.030363859608769417,
-0.061266664415597916,
0.006031443364918232,
-0.049221161752939224,
-0.1495431512594223,
0.002745326841250062,
-0.08882161974906921,
-0.1256917119026184,
0.0789271667599678,
0.009367959573864937,
-0.02397756837308407,
0.0924217626452446,
0.014405914582312107,
0.07909940928220749,
-0.036346185952425,
0.03597025200724602,
0.08607090264558792,
-0.0043227034620940685,
-0.024898938834667206,
-0.05925995483994484,
-0.02182217501103878,
-0.04259256646037102,
0.06123800575733185,
0.03324476629495621,
0.008320929482579231,
-0.03745576739311218,
-0.07045374810695648,
0.0029408708214759827,
0.10147838294506073,
0.002202139003202319,
0.00726428534835577,
0.042129818350076675,
-0.0021762754768133163,
-0.03444072604179382,
-0.004761274438351393,
0.03589716926217079,
0.056517262011766434,
-0.059658028185367584,
-0.041441116482019424,
-0.0710429698228836,
0.035988349467515945,
0.00006583421782124788,
0.01820829138159752,
0.07156174629926682,
0.07337897270917892,
-0.018031954765319824,
-0.004497535526752472,
-0.08653650432825089,
-0.04857693240046501,
-0.0491519570350647,
-0.1368674486875534,
-0.016094382852315903,
0.013556080870330334,
-0.011162328533828259,
-0.13563907146453857,
-0.029562802985310555,
0.026098931208252907,
0.008679883554577827,
-0.11030566692352295,
0.04626329988241196,
-0.05938734859228134,
-0.06497694551944733,
3.428409722067836e-33,
0.02539791911840439,
0.04439180716872215,
-0.05671835318207741,
-0.06989415735006332,
-0.08586183190345764,
0.058637820184230804,
0.00500277616083622,
0.03518327325582504,
-0.014040702022612095,
0.008494329638779163,
-0.10385116934776306,
0.056399017572402954,
-0.01881103403866291,
0.0751892551779747,
0.038558490574359894,
-0.061746515333652496,
0.018516389653086662,
-0.014648514799773693,
0.07520024478435516,
0.027552256360650063,
0.03923831135034561,
0.014589023776352406,
0.022302839905023575,
-0.05569620802998543,
0.1469716578722,
-0.01757660321891308,
0.005707124248147011,
0.03813900426030159,
0.06531088054180145,
0.03696625307202339,
0.015383122488856316,
0.014286397024989128,
-0.06970202922821045,
-0.027670331299304962,
-0.025591455399990082,
-0.01689595729112625,
0.0012947754003107548,
-0.01611900143325329,
0.012292330153286457,
0.016926035284996033,
-0.02802158333361149,
0.07036581635475159,
-0.00490748742595315,
0.006970977410674095,
0.10175225883722305,
0.07694774121046066,
0.07747486233711243,
0.07352115213871002,
0.04099797457456589,
0.00230738939717412,
-0.067222461104393,
0.014516390860080719,
0.0033309669233858585,
-0.09122173488140106,
-0.03697085380554199,
0.007532957475632429,
0.03849157691001892,
-0.05900169163942337,
0.05720517784357071,
0.014775543473660946,
-0.10506482422351837,
-0.010117544792592525,
0.0166646558791399,
0.05572981759905815,
-0.04544423893094063,
0.0018813122296705842,
-0.001890341634862125,
-0.00393980136141181,
-0.004325616639107466,
-0.0074851238168776035,
-0.04376382753252983,
-0.04856252670288086,
0.06546851992607117,
-0.028938475996255875,
0.010639963671565056,
-0.0281699076294899,
0.03282662853598595,
0.07115177810192108,
0.043912261724472046,
-0.0617089569568634,
-0.11346112191677094,
0.016807908192276955,
0.07898302376270294,
-0.031209507957100868,
0.04221633821725845,
0.004070044495165348,
-0.006275861524045467,
-0.012247077189385891,
0.05152273550629616,
-0.00751135079190135,
-0.06985914707183838,
0.033586349338293076,
-0.0028085890226066113,
0.13413600623607635,
0.09663800150156021,
-4.5034624887161745e-33,
-0.04320560395717621,
0.04125972092151642,
-0.06130925565958023,
0.004477004520595074,
0.08221836388111115,
-0.08679929375648499,
-0.017682909965515137,
0.0805085077881813,
0.014747679233551025,
-0.0016454447759315372,
0.023809490725398064,
-0.07260626554489136,
-0.007017701864242554,
-0.02851252816617489,
-0.023509100079536438,
-0.03959771245718002,
0.07717237621545792,
0.02937021479010582,
-0.05190647020936012,
-0.043155692517757416,
0.01804683543741703,
0.0633019283413887,
-0.08632837235927582,
-0.004209596663713455,
0.03514065966010094,
0.0008500042022205889,
0.01774810440838337,
-0.07706937193870544,
0.039157845079898834,
-0.0030475750099867582,
0.06676283478736877,
0.03388248011469841,
-0.09450012445449829,
0.09578517824411392,
-0.08801422268152237,
0.031078603118658066,
0.02627716399729252,
-0.056264206767082214,
-0.014710820280015469,
0.001710518728941679,
0.11620309948921204,
-0.03136083856225014,
-0.07703302800655365,
0.05515643581748009,
-0.13216406106948853,
-0.0003825233143288642,
-0.05125649273395538,
0.037781115621328354,
-0.004556845873594284,
-0.01944907382130623,
0.03587239235639572,
0.026207193732261658,
0.03541199117898941,
-0.022563554346561432,
0.016689680516719818,
0.04383734241127968,
0.13321590423583984,
-0.011722658760845661,
-0.011318819597363472,
-0.03818826377391815,
0.06746525317430496,
0.08660199493169785,
0.09809450805187225,
0.030240856111049652,
-0.006114279851317406,
0.012608306482434273,
0.09169944375753403,
0.0053388322703540325,
0.033803790807724,
-0.0320265032351017,
-0.010319509543478489,
-0.026331616565585136,
-0.03867955505847931,
-0.02376968413591385,
-0.03648604825139046,
0.007296132389456034,
-0.07132818549871445,
-0.041271913796663284,
0.03689826279878616,
0.041488174349069595,
0.07963389903306961,
-0.051173895597457886,
0.03444714471697807,
0.03932436555624008,
0.04084939509630203,
-0.014535890892148018,
0.019633699208498,
-0.008269180543720722,
0.010391876101493835,
0.058404840528964996,
-0.162117600440979,
-0.03600276634097099,
-0.02120482176542282,
0.04172402620315552,
-0.0146169513463974,
-4.964273969676469e-8,
0.006989835295826197,
-0.08876071870326996,
-0.029503678902983665,
0.030312906950712204,
-0.12327349185943604,
-0.06915894895792007,
-0.055010583251714706,
0.0917002409696579,
0.017442509531974792,
0.029309172183275223,
0.019057996571063995,
0.011958674527704716,
-0.10251826047897339,
0.039022110402584076,
0.03151929751038551,
-0.035023804754018784,
0.053953416645526886,
0.05625678598880768,
-0.00949863251298666,
-0.03670567646622658,
-0.01250546332448721,
0.020810529589653015,
-0.00811928790062666,
-0.03658900037407875,
0.011178094893693924,
0.030155276879668236,
-0.027165807783603668,
0.11158183217048645,
0.058494728058576584,
0.008350443094968796,
-0.0023136914242058992,
-0.006052003707736731,
-0.025426970794796944,
0.0086496127769351,
-0.0040155984461307526,
-0.00620833458378911,
0.05363624170422554,
-0.04918867349624634,
0.050633419305086136,
-0.02412601187825203,
-0.03836801275610924,
0.021734794601798058,
0.02935550920665264,
0.034223221242427826,
-0.013470198027789593,
-0.07232608646154404,
-0.048461705446243286,
-0.0020186430774629116,
0.057614147663116455,
-0.020575758069753647,
-0.0818309485912323,
-0.11408426612615585,
0.01606731116771698,
-0.03206359222531319,
0.034321412444114685,
0.11304088681936264,
-0.04286791756749153,
-0.047278992831707,
0.015174846164882183,
0.03512362763285637,
-0.015349176712334156,
-0.04875967651605606,
0.024377666413784027,
0.009401220828294754
] | {
"pdf_file": "GOCYUTJWJZBXHIUSFYG3LVX5SG6HPEVV.pdf",
"text": "w w w . u s t d a . g o v\nThe U.S. Trade and Development Agency helps companies create U.S. jobs through the export of U.S. goods and services \nfor priority development projects in emerging economies. USTDA links U.S. businesses to export opportunities by funding \nproject planning activities, pilot projects, and reverse trade missions while creating sustainable infrastructure and economi c \ngrowth in partner countries.\nIn 2016, USTDA conducted 9 reverse trade missions to introduce \nChinese public and private sector officials to U.S. best practices \nand advanced technology solutions. USTDA inChina\nUSTDA's program inChina focuses onadvancing U.S.\npolicy andU.S.industry trade andcommercial interests in\nthe transportation, energy, agriculture ,and healthcare\nsectors .These efforts help open China’s market for\nincreased exports ofU.S.-manufactured goods .\nTheAgency’s success inChina isdueinparttothepublic -\nprivate Cooperation Programs that arethehallmark of\nUSTDA’s programs incountry .These programs provide a\nforum forgovernment agencies and private companies\nfrom both countries can share technical, policy, and\ncommercial knowledge relevant toaspecific field.USTDA\nhas successfully established programs based onthis\nmodel intheaviation ,energy, agriculture and healthcare\nsectors .\nByadapting totheevolving needs ofChina’s market and\nclosely coordinating with Chinese decision makers, these\npublic -private partnerships have achieved long-term\nsuccess .Specifically, the partnerships are providing\nincreased market access for U.S.companies and\nadvancing U.S.policy interests including climate change\nandaviation safety andsecurity .Linking U.S. Businesses to\nGlobal Infrastructure Opportunities China\nImplementing Climate Change Policy Goals\nOne ofUSTDA’s primary goals inChina istotake bilateral\npolicies andmove them toward implementation .Forexample,\natthe2016 U.S.-China Strategic &Economic Dialogue in\nBeijing, USTDA announced several new activities that\npromote public -private collaboration toaddress climate\nchange .One initiative willreduce emissions from seaports in\nChina while another willdemonstrate bigdata technologies\nforsmarter grids andgreater integration ofrenewable energy .\nUSTDA also announced eight workshops andtwostudy tours\nthatwillfocus onelectric vehicles, promoting environmental\nprotection technologies forshale gas, andreducing nitrogen\noxide from gas-fired boilers .\nAtthe2ndU.S.-China Climate Leaders’ Summit inBeijing, two\ncontracts were signed launching USTDA -supported projects .\nThe Agency ispartnering with theBeijing Environmental\nProtection Bureau andKansas -based firm, Power Flame, to\npilot technologies that will lower nitrogen oxide (NOx)\nemissions from gas-fired boiler sites across Beijing .\nThe other program willdevelop and demonstrate anew\nmodel for smart grid information and communication\nintegration forState Grid Corporation ofChina (SGCC) .\nUSTDA ispartnering with California -based firm, OSIsoft ,and\ntheChina Power Electric Research Institute (CEPRI), onthis\ninnovative initiative .\nDirector Leocadia I. Zak delivers remarks at the 2nd U.S. -China \nClimate Leaders’ Summit. w w w . u s t d a . g o v\nConnect with USTDA\ntwitter.com /USTDA\nfacebook.com /USTDA\nyoutube.com /USTDAvideo\nflickr.com /USTDAphotos\nChina\nLinking U.S. Businesses to \nGlobal Infrastructure Opportunities \nLeveraging Partnerships forWin-Win Results\nAviation Cooperation Program (ACP) :TheU.S.-China Aviation Cooperation Program\n(ACP) promotes aviation sector -wide cooperation .Endorsed bytheU.S.Federal Aviation\nAdministration andtheCivil Aviation Administration ofChina, ACP works cooperatively to\ndesign programs thatpromote technical, policy andcommercial collaboration .\nUSTDA partners with theACP inseveral key areas, including executive leadership\ndevelopment training programs, technical assistance aimed atreducing flight delays,\nadvancing general aviation, and reducing theenvironmental footprint oftheaviation\nsector .Now inits12thphase with over 40U.S.industry members and 6public sector\npartners, theACP hasprovided executive andsafety management training forover 1,500\nChinese aviation officials .\nEnergy Cooperation Program (ECP) :The U.S.-China Energy Cooperation Program\n(ECP) promotes thedevelopment and commercialization ofclean energy and energy\nefficiency solutions .USTDA hassupported anumber ofprojects under theECP focused\nondeveloping clean energy technologies such assmart grid, natural gas, energy\nefficiency, fuelcells, anddistributed energy combined heat andpower .\nThe U.S.-China ECP hasexpanded membership toover 25U.S.companies across 10\nsubsector working groups .Tosupport ECP and promote clean energy development in\nChina, USTDA hasfunded anumber ofreverse trade missions, pilot projects, feasibility\nstudies, technical assistance programs, and workshops forChinese public and private\nsector leaders .\nHealthcare Cooperation Program (HCP) :The HCP focuses onimproving healthcare\ndelivery byconnecting industry and government resources topromote health system\ndevelopment, cooperation, andtrade between theU.S.andChina .TheHCP hasover 30\nU.S.industry and 9non-governmental members .USTDA supports HCP bypartnering\nwithU.S.universities andhospitals, alongside HCP member companies tohost executive\ntraining programs intheUnited States andworkshops inChina .\nAgriculture &Food Partnership (AFP) :TheU.S.-China Agriculture &Food Partnership\n(AFP) isapublic -private partnership that aims toenhance U.S.-China agricultural\ncooperation .USTDA supports theAFP byacting asanadvisor andsupporting workshops\nand reverse trade missions intheagribusiness, cold chain, and food safety sectors in\nChina .Inaddition, USTDA islaunching afourth phase ofitsAgricultural Biotechnology\nTraining Program .This training willbring thepublic and private sectors together to\ndiscuss new advances inagricultural biotechnology .\nStandards &Conformity Assessment :USTDA haspartnered withtheprivate sector in\norganizing over 60workshops covering awide range ofsectoral topics related to\nstandards harmonization, conformity assessment programs, and technical regulations\nthatimpact U.S.industry inChina .\nContact us for more information:\nE-mail: East_Asia@ustda.gov Phone: 703-875-4357 \nCarl B. Kress –East Asia Regional Director\nVerinda Fike –East Asia Country Manager\nSusan Shifflett –East Asia Country Manager\nSteve Winkates –Director of Program Management, U.S. Embassy\nXiaolei Wan –USTDA China Representative\n"
} |
[
-0.00997618492692709,
0.062411416321992874,
-0.019485214725136757,
-0.03888709843158722,
-0.02710861898958683,
0.04307405278086662,
-0.017303401604294777,
0.027823524549603462,
0.0633416622877121,
0.054769884794950485,
0.10536229610443115,
0.0009628105908632278,
0.006612969562411308,
-0.0169108584523201,
-0.04126812890172005,
0.07473163306713104,
0.07623637467622757,
0.009704139083623886,
0.004297800827771425,
0.025035137310624123,
0.03332216665148735,
0.060848698019981384,
-0.07941652089357376,
-0.022368570789694786,
-0.016840726137161255,
-0.06125491112470627,
-0.10458194464445114,
0.047478966414928436,
-0.013331061229109764,
-0.04666634276509285,
0.011790532618761063,
0.07028795778751373,
-0.0027365328278392553,
-0.032818201929330826,
0.040651921182870865,
0.018698101863265038,
0.016588209196925163,
-0.04488414153456688,
-0.05424029752612114,
-0.020172132179141045,
0.013482346199452877,
0.018921121954917908,
-0.005417247302830219,
-0.009699431248009205,
-0.037738971412181854,
-0.02014128677546978,
-0.06032063812017441,
-0.028445174917578697,
-0.03332134708762169,
0.03323068842291832,
-0.10315951704978943,
-0.017304586246609688,
0.045884426683187485,
0.06482730805873871,
-0.0691487044095993,
-0.032332293689250946,
0.004469114355742931,
-0.014239536598324776,
0.016094770282506943,
0.004535267129540443,
-0.035443276166915894,
-0.0251376423984766,
-0.07105730473995209,
0.018242187798023224,
-0.026399068534374237,
0.0286226999014616,
0.022628258913755417,
-0.08663930743932724,
-0.01501176692545414,
-0.014782390557229519,
0.02596145123243332,
0.05422887206077576,
0.03486619517207146,
0.010535439476370811,
-0.0800427570939064,
0.021289365366101265,
0.04005672037601471,
0.04427404701709747,
0.10867742449045181,
-0.09521975368261337,
-0.03932502120733261,
-0.10352274775505066,
-0.02834158204495907,
-0.08309881389141083,
0.0027651602867990732,
-0.028829047456383705,
0.0035314077977091074,
-0.005393601953983307,
0.017068924382328987,
0.1034804955124855,
0.11013014614582062,
-0.0019790055230259895,
0.019584085792303085,
-0.07031375169754028,
0.04540394991636276,
-0.05423083156347275,
-0.022485289722681046,
-0.03158106654882431,
0.003723648376762867,
0.045207686722278595,
-0.0005472000921145082,
0.05436299368739128,
-0.05159084126353264,
-0.05181623622775078,
0.03600024804472923,
-0.04177166149020195,
-0.05705792084336281,
0.03466447815299034,
-0.03077900968492031,
-0.05032464116811752,
-0.06615956872701645,
0.02274886704981327,
0.08718191832304001,
0.0010815385030582547,
0.016830727458000183,
0.0642690360546112,
0.0836942121386528,
0.0745043158531189,
0.00033883051946759224,
-0.09939701110124588,
0.004900595638900995,
0.033029843121767044,
-0.062035977840423584,
-0.009353166446089745,
0.05571572482585907,
-0.040576349943876266,
-0.04203125089406967,
4.957641914463228e-33,
0.07194013148546219,
-0.0067773316986858845,
0.021273456513881683,
-0.0021083210594952106,
0.028750019147992134,
-0.06798963993787766,
0.04650690034031868,
-0.04306694492697716,
-0.014031603932380676,
-0.1070176512002945,
-0.018614741042256355,
-0.020840799435973167,
0.07435496896505356,
-0.08147792518138885,
-0.05876150354743004,
0.09799964725971222,
-0.04333711415529251,
0.004951507318764925,
-0.043811243027448654,
-0.0036368209403008223,
0.039701152592897415,
-0.03893641009926796,
-0.025914447382092476,
0.06515394151210785,
-0.1258058398962021,
0.0017824263777583838,
0.017707109451293945,
0.05220518261194229,
-0.06826432794332504,
0.0009702123352326453,
-0.016512848436832428,
0.0027966054622083902,
0.10215931385755539,
0.02494070865213871,
0.1332695633172989,
0.047417834401130676,
0.08792247623205185,
0.05289255082607269,
0.026675423607230186,
0.024392176419496536,
0.03487846255302429,
0.03597504273056984,
0.028705142438411713,
0.03417555242776871,
-0.006094844546169043,
-0.06456871330738068,
-0.02556035667657852,
-0.01744864694774151,
0.05457018315792084,
0.05529211461544037,
0.00660709897056222,
0.028071723878383636,
0.01801811158657074,
0.00559137761592865,
-0.023659834638237953,
0.03872910514473915,
-0.09020841121673584,
0.05359800159931183,
-0.049913790076971054,
0.03962983936071396,
0.0714624747633934,
0.08775068819522858,
-0.0892447829246521,
0.004909121431410313,
-0.08530765026807785,
-0.006080640014261007,
-0.010813061147928238,
-0.08448192477226257,
0.03442006558179855,
-0.11877758800983429,
0.030202198773622513,
0.04018323868513107,
0.10907021164894104,
0.016075266525149345,
0.03721131011843681,
-0.06703562289476395,
-0.029614876955747604,
-0.00888720341026783,
0.028408559039235115,
-0.07902343571186066,
-0.030472256243228912,
0.021891772747039795,
-0.030750563368201256,
0.02751355618238449,
0.03921082988381386,
-0.07885206490755081,
-0.0027225289959460497,
-0.06385424733161926,
-0.010866404511034489,
0.03753254935145378,
-0.026413410902023315,
-0.059399496763944626,
0.01086109597235918,
0.05809374153614044,
0.038320984691381454,
-5.9014584510239356e-33,
-0.06459449976682663,
-0.10086359828710556,
-0.007039355114102364,
0.06331118196249008,
-0.023318100720643997,
0.026547055691480637,
-0.022342506796121597,
-0.04825495183467865,
0.02255420759320259,
-0.14323540031909943,
-0.055448152124881744,
0.000375304400222376,
0.035810526460409164,
0.007066492456942797,
-0.016639241948723793,
0.0504193976521492,
-0.04288922995328903,
-0.03346378356218338,
-0.08516686409711838,
-0.047147300094366074,
0.02743629552423954,
0.01301941741257906,
0.010400298051536083,
0.0710982009768486,
0.07301654666662216,
0.002191695850342512,
0.06647013872861862,
-0.08294212818145752,
0.009472090750932693,
-0.016662374138832092,
-0.01757967844605446,
-0.07661689817905426,
-0.019789807498455048,
0.0005944142467342317,
-0.00837569311261177,
-0.09407598525285721,
0.11314445734024048,
-0.025040963664650917,
-0.031160909682512283,
0.10975082218647003,
-0.02809237875044346,
0.004989268258213997,
0.0018066007178276777,
-0.007587409112602472,
-0.034676600247621536,
0.03319583088159561,
0.04921511933207512,
-0.008906054310500622,
0.023915933445096016,
0.009930413216352463,
0.007568910252302885,
-0.02252424880862236,
0.024014689028263092,
0.06397677958011627,
-0.023253509774804115,
-0.022046687081456184,
0.02493690326809883,
-0.001494062365964055,
-0.09497403353452682,
0.05792244151234627,
0.09828253090381622,
0.08073321729898453,
-0.09333270788192749,
-0.022600824013352394,
0.11344347894191742,
0.0016873496351763606,
-0.07336852699518204,
-0.03215864300727844,
-0.019443977624177933,
-0.05672166496515274,
-0.025642961263656616,
-0.11408745497465134,
-0.013799302279949188,
-0.08970220386981964,
0.06218520551919937,
0.045367926359176636,
0.0512709766626358,
0.05308781936764717,
-0.06571774929761887,
0.016187991946935654,
-0.026508839800953865,
0.011516275815665722,
-0.007161433808505535,
0.05869713053107262,
-0.019657528027892113,
0.02170846238732338,
0.06954298168420792,
-0.10716123878955841,
-0.037054818123579025,
0.04850038141012192,
0.012073380872607231,
0.008642736822366714,
-0.020479436963796616,
0.053992073982954025,
-0.0025529845152050257,
-6.473119640304503e-8,
0.04835738614201546,
-0.036723118275403976,
-0.05289475992321968,
0.0339227132499218,
0.002878233091905713,
0.04745073243975639,
0.07694408297538757,
-0.03034578450024128,
-0.050123970955610275,
0.05011327192187309,
0.060476068407297134,
0.0046964893117547035,
-0.024267034605145454,
-0.08250860869884491,
-0.000034322110877837986,
-0.08646321296691895,
0.021955059841275215,
-0.020025847479701042,
-0.06019660457968712,
-0.010869123972952366,
-0.0663260892033577,
-0.0504588708281517,
-0.0006426001782529056,
0.0048128277994692326,
-0.014418058097362518,
-0.04333853721618652,
0.003971317782998085,
-0.04344179853796959,
-0.028032951056957245,
0.06125650182366371,
-0.0768684670329094,
0.05148908123373985,
-0.0027150765527039766,
-0.06141868233680725,
0.004821262788027525,
0.021940898150205612,
-0.02666943334043026,
0.05967913195490837,
0.058809053152799606,
0.11547277122735977,
0.01744392327964306,
0.0061297304928302765,
0.018304944038391113,
0.04438718035817146,
0.09832111746072769,
-0.03339158743619919,
-0.03157515078783035,
-0.019956497475504875,
0.04400418698787689,
0.013374554924666882,
0.006304721347987652,
-0.08966946601867676,
0.01743449829518795,
-0.023096393793821335,
0.02565903775393963,
0.1015179306268692,
0.06723067909479141,
-0.05106867849826813,
0.010916461236774921,
0.007999875582754612,
0.11288345605134964,
0.045943018049001694,
0.03874373435974121,
0.07085273414850235
] | {
"pdf_file": "WI2VFTXLXSXQKDIARAOUUVVHAWB2UQT2.pdf",
"text": " \n Filed 9/8/09 In re R.W. CA5 \n \n \n \nNOT TO BE PUBLISHED IN OFFICIAL REPORTS\n \n \nCalifornia Rules of Court, rule 8.1115(a), prohibits courts and parties from citing or relying on opinions not certified for \npublication or ordered published, except as specified by rule 8.1115(b). This opinion has not been certified for publication \nor ordered published for purposes of rule 8.1115. \nIN THE COURT OF APPEAL OF THE STATE OF CALIFORNIA \nFIFTH APPELLATE DISTRICT \n \nIn re R.W. et al., Persons Coming Under the Juvenile Court Law. \n \nMERCED COUNTY HUMAN SERVICES AGENCY, \nPlaintiff and Respondent, \n \n v . \n R.W., \nDefendant and Appellant. \n \nF057888 \n \n(Super. Ct. No. 27810) \n \nO P I N I O N\n \n \nTHE COURT \n APPEAL from orders of the Superior Co urt of Merced County . Harry L. Jacobs, \nCommissioner. Valerie N. Lankford, under appointmen t by the Court of Appeal, for Defendant \nand Appellant. No appearance for Plaintiff and Respondent. \n \n \n Before Wiseman, Acting P.J., Cornell, J., and Dawson, J. \n \n 2-ooOoo- \nR.W. (father) appeals from Ap ril 2009 orders terminating parental rights (Welf. & \nInst. Code, § 366.26) to his two children.1 Earlier this summer, father’s appointed \nappellate counsel informed this court by letter that counsel wa s not filing an opening brief \nfor lack of any arguable issue ( In re Sade C. (1996) 13 Cal.4th 952). This court in turn \nextended time for father to personally file a letter brief, which he has since done. In his \nletter brief, father asks us to allow him the chance to pr ove he can be a supportive and \nstable parent to his children. \nPROCEDURAL AND FACTUAL HISTORY \nFather was incarcerated for virtually all of his children’s dependency.2 He had \nbeen sentenced to state prison following a false imprisonment conviction (Pen. Code, \n§ 236). In addition, father had a prior viol ent felony conviction fo r first degree robbery \n(Pen. Code, § 212.5, subd. (a )). Based on his violent felony conviction and a showing of \ndetriment to the children if services were ordered while he was incarcerated, the court \ndenied appellant reunification services. (§ 361.5, subds. (b)(12) & (e)(1).) \nAlthough the court did order services fo r the children’s mother, she failed to \nregularly participate in court-ordered services and made unsatisfactor y progress. In light \nof her nonparticipation and the children’s you ng ages (see § 361.5, subd. (a)), the court \nterminated reunification services following a six-month status review hearing. It also set \na hearing pursuant to section 366.26 to sel ect and implement a permanent plan for the \nchildren. \n \n1 All statutory references are to the We lfare and Institutions Code unless otherwise \nindicated. \n2 The Merced County Superi or Court exercised its dependency jurisdiction over the \nchildren based upon their moth er’s substance abuse and fath er’s inability to provide care \nfor the children. \n 3Days before the section 366.26 hearing, appellant was released from prison. At \nthe section 366.26 hearing, appe llant testified he wanted cu stody of his children despite \nthe fact he admittedly had no contact with them while he was incarcerated. \nDISCUSSION \nAppellant’s allegations do not amount to claims that th e juvenile court committed \nan error affecting the outcome of this case ( In re Sade C., supra, 13 Cal.4th at p. 994). \nConsequently, we will affirm. \nAn appealed-from judgment or or der is presumed correct. ( Denham v. Superior \nCourt (1970) 2 Cal.3d 557, 564.) It is up to appe llant to raise claims of reversible error \nor other defect and present argument and aut hority on each point made. If appellant does \nnot do so, the appeal shou ld be dismissed. ( In re Sade C., supra, 13 Cal.4th at p. 994.) \nWith no error or other defect claimed agai nst the orders appealed from, we have no \nreason to reverse or even modify the orders in question. ( Ibid.) In this case, appellant \nfails to allege any error on the trial court’s part. \nTo the extent appellant assumes the court erred by not giving him the opportunity \nto reunify with his children upon his prison rele ase, he fails to cite any legal authority to \nsupport his position and we are unaware of an y such authority. He also ignores the \nchildren’s rights at this stage of the dependency proceedings. \nAt the permanency planning phase, a pare nt’s interest in the care, custody and \ncompanionship of the child is no longer pa ramount. The court’s focus shifts to the \nchildren’s best interests and their ne ed for permanency and stability. ( In re Marilyn H. \n(1993) 5 Cal.4th 295, 309.) Appe llant’s desire to now be a father to his children does not \naddress the children’s interests. \nIn addition, a section 366.26 hearing is designed to protect children’s compelling \nrights to have a placement that is stable, perman ent, and that allows the caretaker to make \na full emotional commitmen t to the children. ( In re Marilyn H., supra, 5 Cal.4th at p. \n306.) In fact, there is a rebu ttable presumption that continue d out-of-home care is in the \n 4best interests of the children. ( In re Stephanie M. (1994) 7 Cal.4th 295, 318.) If, as in \nthis case, the children are likel y to be adopted, termination of parental rights and adoption \nare the norm. ( In re Celine R. (2003) 31 Cal.4th 45, 53.) Thus, appellant’s assumption \nthat the trial court should have given him the o pportunity to reunify at this late stage of \nthe proceedings is meritless. \nDISPOSITION \n The orders terminating pa rental rights are affirmed. "
} |
[
-0.11883839964866638,
0.04829868674278259,
-0.0025480559561401606,
-0.011011209338903427,
0.05195074528455734,
0.010291832499206066,
0.1154332384467125,
0.0007007909007370472,
-0.08592535555362701,
-0.07065396010875702,
0.0013317164266481996,
-0.035472381860017776,
0.018434155732393265,
-0.006737178191542625,
0.024402987211942673,
-0.029503243044018745,
-0.058138374239206314,
-0.05043954402208328,
-0.020765526220202446,
0.029036032035946846,
-0.06367600709199905,
0.024029914289712906,
0.0262432973831892,
-0.006037362851202488,
-0.011076544411480427,
-0.0014006864512339234,
-0.018619801849126816,
0.03277004510164261,
0.0028860096354037523,
-0.05694391578435898,
-0.04394163936376572,
0.025414075702428818,
0.08790954202413559,
-0.02499123103916645,
-0.03668315336108208,
0.0062413448467850685,
-0.06646791845560074,
-0.0671444833278656,
0.020564241334795952,
0.04238877445459366,
0.021880215033888817,
-0.04288247600197792,
-0.03437700495123863,
0.06146686151623726,
0.0656372681260109,
-0.0785202905535698,
0.029487011954188347,
0.010798297822475433,
0.06332410126924515,
-0.04508465901017189,
-0.01823394186794758,
-0.027721041813492775,
-0.0036737609189003706,
-0.03659451752901077,
0.054250262677669525,
-0.02085655927658081,
0.015034922398626804,
-0.060095224529504776,
0.016393909230828285,
-0.03323858231306076,
0.01750349812209606,
-0.0005952207720838487,
-0.16348379850387573,
0.08492093533277512,
-0.07583844661712646,
0.0161097701638937,
0.048382941633462906,
-0.007598146330565214,
-0.024985475465655327,
0.05949747934937477,
0.0658901110291481,
-0.03513742983341217,
0.0008843158720992506,
-0.11567969620227814,
0.049390342086553574,
0.03360460326075554,
0.055154237896203995,
0.026383694261312485,
0.053694359958171844,
0.038932498544454575,
0.0004393816343508661,
0.0180604699999094,
-0.09288253635168076,
-0.004073987249284983,
-0.0008234609267674387,
-0.04883106052875519,
-0.006677441764622927,
-0.023541681468486786,
-0.03813307359814644,
0.05245159938931465,
-0.042493823915719986,
-0.055899728089571,
0.08681583404541016,
-0.04896170645952225,
-0.08339672535657883,
-0.0457635223865509,
0.029042238369584084,
0.03465776517987251,
-0.08649188280105591,
0.4062184691429138,
0.03594949096441269,
0.018697189167141914,
0.0979783833026886,
-0.007865204475820065,
0.023714108392596245,
-0.05756505951285362,
-0.06109985336661339,
-0.006620500702410936,
0.007060033269226551,
0.021669859066605568,
-0.024405108764767647,
-0.033514637500047684,
0.00025015627034008503,
0.03170765936374664,
0.04407161846756935,
0.09463243186473846,
-0.035580113530159,
-0.0045343064703047276,
0.043714847415685654,
0.00020504710846580565,
-0.002858717693015933,
-0.024884076789021492,
0.0037606365513056517,
0.014041258953511715,
0.07781578600406647,
-0.1323145031929016,
0.0068764761090278625,
-7.2201250750405e-33,
0.007334581576287746,
0.002726183971390128,
0.012147537432610989,
-0.002440247917547822,
0.027932560071349144,
0.03927065059542656,
0.003743888111785054,
-0.04643532633781433,
-0.014492551796138287,
0.05360198765993118,
0.006590632256120443,
0.03664784133434296,
-0.023135676980018616,
0.03275369852781296,
0.07811082899570465,
0.009627518244087696,
0.007964123040437698,
0.0028742437716573477,
-0.0018807238666340709,
0.004691542126238346,
-0.012402275577187538,
-0.0008041393011808395,
-0.023038707673549652,
0.04297299310564995,
-0.028259985148906708,
-0.06694644689559937,
0.038539037108421326,
-0.07085712999105453,
0.020109260454773903,
0.001460324041545391,
0.0014639950823038816,
0.049912355840206146,
-0.02594558522105217,
0.0008223677286878228,
-0.03757276013493538,
-0.028740663081407547,
0.03337514027953148,
-0.07462829351425171,
-0.035983964800834656,
0.025680823251605034,
-0.050139084458351135,
0.010837196372449398,
-0.04243791848421097,
-0.002668545348569751,
-0.004916265141218901,
0.16647927463054657,
-0.0011541391722857952,
-0.004960660357028246,
-0.06482207775115967,
0.06976216286420822,
-0.0028182310052216053,
-0.02132517658174038,
-0.11613703519105911,
0.04333868995308876,
-0.0033509607892483473,
-0.020106570795178413,
0.016554009169340134,
-0.043971188366413116,
0.020619438961148262,
-0.009089959785342216,
0.009713641367852688,
0.039391469210386276,
-0.012487754225730896,
0.009350251406431198,
-0.08647788316011429,
-0.04851773753762245,
0.02447775937616825,
-0.008494960144162178,
0.023063570261001587,
-0.012638214975595474,
-0.05100997909903526,
0.03675990551710129,
0.03771744668483734,
0.030916057527065277,
-0.028798431158065796,
-0.01926880143582821,
-0.019831717014312744,
0.03583517670631409,
0.08063048869371414,
0.00649732630699873,
0.03545527532696724,
-0.041958946734666824,
0.006693818140774965,
-0.024078864604234695,
0.09502369910478592,
0.054634999483823776,
0.004220988135784864,
-0.05180729925632477,
0.01021517813205719,
-0.041098661720752716,
-0.03574559465050697,
0.06131820008158684,
-0.0030944310128688812,
0.08796171098947525,
0.006000818684697151,
4.4925641867161134e-33,
-0.07716735452413559,
0.01899317093193531,
-0.03573813661932945,
0.0887979194521904,
-0.01755509153008461,
-0.0027626880910247564,
0.037273939698934555,
0.09013677388429642,
-0.09250447154045105,
0.0680299699306488,
0.022390201687812805,
-0.045089662075042725,
0.030878892168402672,
0.044495198875665665,
-0.005799654871225357,
0.03523358702659607,
0.06968843936920166,
-0.004063474480062723,
-0.028155116364359856,
-0.03572935611009598,
-0.030507177114486694,
-0.03237851336598396,
-0.0024998304434120655,
0.034929435700178146,
-0.04148077219724655,
0.030205287039279938,
0.04858911409974098,
0.0632987916469574,
-0.021693143993616104,
0.036800533533096313,
0.03896567225456238,
-0.023581488057971,
-0.05063262954354286,
-0.05820295587182045,
0.04826247692108154,
0.08404397964477539,
0.03678114339709282,
-0.0007768925279378891,
0.024848245084285736,
-0.05051735043525696,
0.039668887853622437,
-0.010082785040140152,
0.002244437113404274,
0.11697717010974884,
-0.021961307153105736,
-0.005805923603475094,
-0.048092879354953766,
0.003788944333791733,
0.035172659903764725,
0.07729728519916534,
-0.09319712221622467,
-0.011992926709353924,
-0.021968109533190727,
0.04129430651664734,
-0.022958293557167053,
0.004160518292337656,
-0.0432187058031559,
0.0702132061123848,
-0.01905948668718338,
0.0004752702370751649,
0.005480603780597448,
0.026761434972286224,
-0.033612821251153946,
0.01346849836409092,
-0.022746674716472626,
0.03873894736170769,
-0.024523282423615456,
-0.03632815554738045,
-0.0017924589337781072,
-0.052569907158613205,
0.006689464673399925,
-0.025846485048532486,
-0.1348353624343872,
0.0011394252069294453,
-0.047169335186481476,
-0.05347497761249542,
-0.018427148461341858,
-0.007304163184016943,
-0.009657083079218864,
-0.037726134061813354,
-0.033999841660261154,
0.01841733604669571,
-0.008003143593668938,
-0.005512353032827377,
-0.03353199362754822,
-0.0201805979013443,
0.021665804088115692,
0.01075822301208973,
-0.05747472122311592,
0.01969684660434723,
-0.007240809965878725,
0.023037107661366463,
0.12023406475782394,
0.0032419958151876926,
0.010150063782930374,
-1.3403668397415913e-8,
-0.046724583953619,
0.04062063992023468,
-0.05561641603708267,
-0.0018853341462090611,
0.056323979049921036,
0.049638908356428146,
-0.04154156893491745,
0.0325038842856884,
0.02574923262000084,
-0.018780937418341637,
0.06920813769102097,
0.02598794549703598,
-0.02782331220805645,
0.05757509544491768,
0.09128093719482422,
-0.01532574463635683,
-0.10472093522548676,
-0.027585938572883606,
-0.016222817823290825,
-0.035399287939071655,
-0.010461363941431046,
-0.013999390415847301,
-0.0002939800324384123,
-0.08362972736358643,
0.007932317443192005,
0.006960071157664061,
-0.04422977939248085,
0.07475824654102325,
0.07440952211618423,
-0.04058071970939636,
-0.0018266832921653986,
0.01985001191496849,
0.014382191933691502,
0.020585300400853157,
0.02213379554450512,
-0.06437048316001892,
-0.06369856745004654,
0.01613914780318737,
0.009907381609082222,
-0.0055595203302800655,
-0.05467313155531883,
-0.0233115516602993,
0.07046928256750107,
0.006468005012720823,
-0.047700025141239166,
-0.0036470729392021894,
0.007837599143385887,
-0.004974569659680128,
-0.01241857185959816,
-0.07781214267015457,
-0.0009409073390997946,
-0.008002524264156818,
0.006034235469996929,
0.08434933423995972,
0.10730371624231339,
0.011427774094045162,
0.013366665691137314,
-0.012747352942824364,
0.061454374343156815,
0.03564131259918213,
0.1587459295988083,
0.12640950083732605,
0.04654904082417488,
-0.015717294067144394
] | {
"pdf_file": "JRBKU3ZZVFVFWXC46AMNC54IHTOOSTW7.pdf",
"text": ""
} |
[
-0.06173034384846687,
-0.06275765597820282,
0.03129418194293976,
0.02267557382583618,
0.0212521031498909,
-0.054647624492645264,
-0.0050605665892362595,
-0.054507434368133545,
-0.01664568856358528,
0.017034074291586876,
-0.0008674257551319897,
0.0572928711771965,
0.09116111695766449,
-0.00872273650020361,
0.00886306632310152,
-0.040317829698324203,
0.04450845345854759,
0.10442274808883667,
0.06564418226480484,
-0.10186818242073059,
0.01255543902516365,
0.05589687079191208,
0.015389923006296158,
-0.02242417074739933,
0.09380194544792175,
-0.021867604926228523,
-0.04323772341012955,
-0.045826882123947144,
-0.04481349512934685,
-0.018737956881523132,
-0.11650387197732925,
0.014188139699399471,
0.0503922663629055,
0.011431552469730377,
0.009985541924834251,
0.0761997178196907,
0.0037213913165032864,
-0.027750756591558456,
-0.05331964045763016,
0.018561096861958504,
-0.07922366261482239,
-0.010656031779944897,
0.09360112249851227,
0.0017847766866907477,
-0.03109663538634777,
0.01812993548810482,
0.06909918785095215,
-0.05660891905426979,
0.013709337450563908,
0.07357056438922882,
-0.066935695707798,
-0.0376783087849617,
0.07194624096155167,
-0.018226221203804016,
-0.12214501202106476,
0.033291008323431015,
-0.034030474722385406,
-0.02152187004685402,
-0.010142877697944641,
0.04125204309821129,
0.053979482501745224,
0.02661937288939953,
0.014110001735389233,
-0.021999292075634003,
-0.010128284804522991,
0.04240048676729202,
-0.01923118159174919,
-0.0044527361169457436,
0.06704434752464294,
-0.2199745625257492,
0.06879516690969467,
-0.0017071878537535667,
-0.11586122214794159,
-0.01857646182179451,
0.04198136553168297,
-0.043329108506441116,
0.02493581920862198,
0.042564816772937775,
0.05492404103279114,
-0.041611578315496445,
0.026233822107315063,
-0.0312722809612751,
0.07230013608932495,
0.0395045205950737,
-0.07487019896507263,
-0.05644288286566734,
0.02680373005568981,
0.041202396154403687,
0.13037128746509552,
0.006159868557006121,
0.056690894067287445,
-0.050135497003793716,
0.029628707095980644,
-0.059574298560619354,
0.06263802945613861,
-0.01660880073904991,
-0.08284293860197067,
0.0020267567597329617,
-0.025945382192730904,
0.018727678805589676,
0.03307535871863365,
-0.06001447141170502,
-0.04085765779018402,
-0.03811241313815117,
-0.012084737420082092,
0.09649080783128738,
-0.0763179287314415,
0.050180401653051376,
-0.03660701960325241,
0.029174108058214188,
0.030960647389292717,
0.04176195338368416,
-0.03790281340479851,
-0.023996230214834213,
0.025072842836380005,
0.054100800305604935,
-0.007845481857657433,
0.005041621625423431,
0.02836867980659008,
-0.03519674763083458,
-0.04590931907296181,
0.05913306027650833,
0.00031681128893978894,
-0.05452660098671913,
0.06346070766448975,
-0.03479963168501854,
-0.038759469985961914,
2.4527461048074756e-33,
0.05099373310804367,
0.08899164944887161,
0.04765849560499191,
-0.06835558265447617,
-0.09807336330413818,
0.017362354323267937,
-0.03371535241603851,
0.04724860191345215,
-0.0746002271771431,
-0.03268268704414368,
-0.06283368915319443,
0.03914385288953781,
0.03660091385245323,
0.04057180881500244,
-0.007333008572459221,
-0.054410554468631744,
0.03179207816720009,
-0.01240603905171156,
0.057986918836832047,
-0.057303816080093384,
-0.06809788942337036,
0.013052425347268581,
-0.03429999202489853,
0.0621345192193985,
0.035283416509628296,
0.05319736525416374,
0.01597258262336254,
0.03997586667537689,
-0.008800201117992401,
0.034939851611852646,
-0.0026295059360563755,
-0.06793607771396637,
-0.007601339835673571,
0.041147004812955856,
0.09606531262397766,
0.049867816269397736,
-0.051527880132198334,
0.005292361136525869,
-0.008994306437671185,
0.029181640595197678,
-0.04680389165878296,
0.04616578295826912,
-0.05203736945986748,
0.07763637602329254,
-0.03564890846610069,
-0.01723412424325943,
0.04427935183048248,
0.001658869325183332,
0.13176417350769043,
0.036458320915699005,
-0.04732027277350426,
0.09626123309135437,
-0.012256238609552383,
0.05401250347495079,
-0.02183074876666069,
-0.017193669453263283,
-0.023562535643577576,
0.05059138312935829,
0.0107088228687644,
0.008666139096021652,
0.024538889527320862,
-0.06187169626355171,
-0.07630666345357895,
-0.054496880620718,
-0.03712622448801994,
-0.06960367411375046,
-0.03967320919036865,
-0.019353926181793213,
0.0865425169467926,
0.07629630714654922,
0.04330173879861832,
0.025668032467365265,
0.026969777420163155,
0.011243393644690514,
-0.05563122034072876,
0.014818764291703701,
-0.012844966724514961,
0.05588729679584503,
-0.04030358046293259,
0.06179505214095116,
0.030206086114048958,
-0.08841665089130402,
-0.04835919290781021,
0.04743671789765358,
0.0352499857544899,
0.04014163836836815,
0.053998928517103195,
-0.015268296003341675,
0.0010270028142258525,
0.023277943953871727,
0.01442950963973999,
0.04015641659498215,
0.024528535082936287,
0.02162209153175354,
-0.00838190596550703,
-3.952266942801865e-33,
-0.04833406209945679,
-0.03592127561569214,
0.014024127274751663,
0.05139951407909393,
-0.022508108988404274,
-0.08657017350196838,
0.06325718015432358,
-0.04527493193745613,
-0.009473920799791813,
0.03461974486708641,
-0.04502715542912483,
-0.0156976617872715,
-0.013423982076346874,
-0.01455555111169815,
-0.04913952201604843,
0.006110645364969969,
0.02309063822031021,
-0.049421731382608414,
-0.1058206558227539,
0.06539765000343323,
-0.025175772607326508,
-0.045479971915483475,
0.0049151405692100525,
-0.0033993555698543787,
0.06444486230611801,
0.024777378886938095,
-0.03315925970673561,
-0.006395702250301838,
-0.07644987851381302,
0.05814962834119797,
-0.008043356239795685,
-0.026737414300441742,
-0.05252090096473694,
0.0014877419453114271,
-0.03640558943152428,
-0.005849012173712254,
-0.027614090591669083,
0.02004091627895832,
-0.0026449966244399548,
-0.0022168110590428114,
0.047033749520778656,
-0.07987873256206512,
0.0528506301343441,
0.026396896690130234,
-0.07401435077190399,
0.03879702836275101,
0.021839726716279984,
0.05410207808017731,
-0.024846207350492477,
-0.04670709744095802,
-0.048364561051130295,
0.06667163223028183,
-0.05162442475557327,
0.02637079358100891,
0.0258941650390625,
-0.03922704979777336,
-0.06545644253492355,
0.03193886578083038,
-0.07114747166633606,
0.0018362852279096842,
-0.0002719610929489136,
0.016308819875121117,
0.01997617445886135,
0.006186899729073048,
0.08712370693683624,
-0.032795101404190063,
0.06363923102617264,
-0.042153868824243546,
-0.09151516109704971,
0.0044029755517840385,
0.04044504836201668,
-0.06876678764820099,
0.01429059263318777,
-0.07119595259428024,
-0.041574928909540176,
0.004388635512441397,
0.03540521860122681,
0.03175745904445648,
-0.048401035368442535,
-0.014697269536554813,
0.06688078492879868,
-0.03869498521089554,
0.016792958602309227,
-0.040027037262916565,
0.08184483647346497,
0.06038793548941612,
0.015171477571129799,
0.04520632326602936,
0.01978425309062004,
0.051886167377233505,
-0.0976744145154953,
-0.04125718027353287,
-0.028687534853816032,
0.026506010442972183,
0.004784428980201483,
-3.743417664736626e-8,
0.01773667521774769,
0.004044334404170513,
-0.06003723666071892,
-0.032698411494493484,
-0.03199762478470802,
0.03797526657581329,
0.0631893128156662,
0.08536231517791748,
-0.10800596326589584,
0.025732919573783875,
0.006491680163890123,
-0.012415742501616478,
-0.08371252566576004,
-0.029915783554315567,
0.10258378833532333,
-0.062220968306064606,
0.0033011669293045998,
0.013204006478190422,
-0.0020319013856351376,
-0.11416365206241608,
-0.009066886268556118,
0.010841303505003452,
-0.028426114469766617,
-0.010073364712297916,
-0.06455269455909729,
0.08149898797273636,
0.02257654070854187,
0.010149633511900902,
0.013642886653542519,
-0.032070960849523544,
0.04773363843560219,
0.00928579643368721,
-0.015244904905557632,
-0.09445556253194809,
0.060377974063158035,
-0.05511344224214554,
0.00801494624465704,
-0.07610448449850082,
0.015346093103289604,
-0.1010301411151886,
-0.05304775759577751,
0.10097500681877136,
-0.012194895185530186,
0.05196996405720711,
0.03030424192547798,
0.009857375174760818,
0.11451945453882217,
-0.03562529757618904,
0.005868786480277777,
-0.036528993397951126,
-0.037651222199201584,
-0.06453102082014084,
-0.03798568248748779,
0.11434217542409897,
0.0785733088850975,
0.011496485210955143,
0.013475309126079082,
-0.17299218475818634,
0.0007532628369517624,
0.07711596041917801,
0.019534830003976822,
-0.028444627299904823,
-0.043915413320064545,
-0.06035444140434265
] | {
"pdf_file": "CS4O7BCLPRK6J5MKIK7BPBFC2UURCM7X.pdf",
"text": "Indeed.com index of Utah GIS jobs Contributed by AGRC Administrator\n01, Jan. 2008\nLast Updated 27, Feb. 2008\nIndeed.com is an index of several online job postings. Here is a link to this site using a query that combines: Location =\nUtah AND Description CONTAINS \"GIS and (geographic or map or survey or ESRI or ArcMap or GPS).\"\r\n Utah GIS Jobs on indeed.com\nUtah GIS Portal\nhttp://gis.utah.gov Powered by Joomla! Generated: 25 April, 2010, 01:49"
} |
[
-0.11883839964866638,
0.04829868674278259,
-0.0025480559561401606,
-0.011011209338903427,
0.05195074528455734,
0.010291832499206066,
0.1154332384467125,
0.0007007909007370472,
-0.08592535555362701,
-0.07065396010875702,
0.0013317164266481996,
-0.035472381860017776,
0.018434155732393265,
-0.006737178191542625,
0.024402987211942673,
-0.029503243044018745,
-0.058138374239206314,
-0.05043954402208328,
-0.020765526220202446,
0.029036032035946846,
-0.06367600709199905,
0.024029914289712906,
0.0262432973831892,
-0.006037362851202488,
-0.011076544411480427,
-0.0014006864512339234,
-0.018619801849126816,
0.03277004510164261,
0.0028860096354037523,
-0.05694391578435898,
-0.04394163936376572,
0.025414075702428818,
0.08790954202413559,
-0.02499123103916645,
-0.03668315336108208,
0.0062413448467850685,
-0.06646791845560074,
-0.0671444833278656,
0.020564241334795952,
0.04238877445459366,
0.021880215033888817,
-0.04288247600197792,
-0.03437700495123863,
0.06146686151623726,
0.0656372681260109,
-0.0785202905535698,
0.029487011954188347,
0.010798297822475433,
0.06332410126924515,
-0.04508465901017189,
-0.01823394186794758,
-0.027721041813492775,
-0.0036737609189003706,
-0.03659451752901077,
0.054250262677669525,
-0.02085655927658081,
0.015034922398626804,
-0.060095224529504776,
0.016393909230828285,
-0.03323858231306076,
0.01750349812209606,
-0.0005952207720838487,
-0.16348379850387573,
0.08492093533277512,
-0.07583844661712646,
0.0161097701638937,
0.048382941633462906,
-0.007598146330565214,
-0.024985475465655327,
0.05949747934937477,
0.0658901110291481,
-0.03513742983341217,
0.0008843158720992506,
-0.11567969620227814,
0.049390342086553574,
0.03360460326075554,
0.055154237896203995,
0.026383694261312485,
0.053694359958171844,
0.038932498544454575,
0.0004393816343508661,
0.0180604699999094,
-0.09288253635168076,
-0.004073987249284983,
-0.0008234609267674387,
-0.04883106052875519,
-0.006677441764622927,
-0.023541681468486786,
-0.03813307359814644,
0.05245159938931465,
-0.042493823915719986,
-0.055899728089571,
0.08681583404541016,
-0.04896170645952225,
-0.08339672535657883,
-0.0457635223865509,
0.029042238369584084,
0.03465776517987251,
-0.08649188280105591,
0.4062184691429138,
0.03594949096441269,
0.018697189167141914,
0.0979783833026886,
-0.007865204475820065,
0.023714108392596245,
-0.05756505951285362,
-0.06109985336661339,
-0.006620500702410936,
0.007060033269226551,
0.021669859066605568,
-0.024405108764767647,
-0.033514637500047684,
0.00025015627034008503,
0.03170765936374664,
0.04407161846756935,
0.09463243186473846,
-0.035580113530159,
-0.0045343064703047276,
0.043714847415685654,
0.00020504710846580565,
-0.002858717693015933,
-0.024884076789021492,
0.0037606365513056517,
0.014041258953511715,
0.07781578600406647,
-0.1323145031929016,
0.0068764761090278625,
-7.2201250750405e-33,
0.007334581576287746,
0.002726183971390128,
0.012147537432610989,
-0.002440247917547822,
0.027932560071349144,
0.03927065059542656,
0.003743888111785054,
-0.04643532633781433,
-0.014492551796138287,
0.05360198765993118,
0.006590632256120443,
0.03664784133434296,
-0.023135676980018616,
0.03275369852781296,
0.07811082899570465,
0.009627518244087696,
0.007964123040437698,
0.0028742437716573477,
-0.0018807238666340709,
0.004691542126238346,
-0.012402275577187538,
-0.0008041393011808395,
-0.023038707673549652,
0.04297299310564995,
-0.028259985148906708,
-0.06694644689559937,
0.038539037108421326,
-0.07085712999105453,
0.020109260454773903,
0.001460324041545391,
0.0014639950823038816,
0.049912355840206146,
-0.02594558522105217,
0.0008223677286878228,
-0.03757276013493538,
-0.028740663081407547,
0.03337514027953148,
-0.07462829351425171,
-0.035983964800834656,
0.025680823251605034,
-0.050139084458351135,
0.010837196372449398,
-0.04243791848421097,
-0.002668545348569751,
-0.004916265141218901,
0.16647927463054657,
-0.0011541391722857952,
-0.004960660357028246,
-0.06482207775115967,
0.06976216286420822,
-0.0028182310052216053,
-0.02132517658174038,
-0.11613703519105911,
0.04333868995308876,
-0.0033509607892483473,
-0.020106570795178413,
0.016554009169340134,
-0.043971188366413116,
0.020619438961148262,
-0.009089959785342216,
0.009713641367852688,
0.039391469210386276,
-0.012487754225730896,
0.009350251406431198,
-0.08647788316011429,
-0.04851773753762245,
0.02447775937616825,
-0.008494960144162178,
0.023063570261001587,
-0.012638214975595474,
-0.05100997909903526,
0.03675990551710129,
0.03771744668483734,
0.030916057527065277,
-0.028798431158065796,
-0.01926880143582821,
-0.019831717014312744,
0.03583517670631409,
0.08063048869371414,
0.00649732630699873,
0.03545527532696724,
-0.041958946734666824,
0.006693818140774965,
-0.024078864604234695,
0.09502369910478592,
0.054634999483823776,
0.004220988135784864,
-0.05180729925632477,
0.01021517813205719,
-0.041098661720752716,
-0.03574559465050697,
0.06131820008158684,
-0.0030944310128688812,
0.08796171098947525,
0.006000818684697151,
4.4925641867161134e-33,
-0.07716735452413559,
0.01899317093193531,
-0.03573813661932945,
0.0887979194521904,
-0.01755509153008461,
-0.0027626880910247564,
0.037273939698934555,
0.09013677388429642,
-0.09250447154045105,
0.0680299699306488,
0.022390201687812805,
-0.045089662075042725,
0.030878892168402672,
0.044495198875665665,
-0.005799654871225357,
0.03523358702659607,
0.06968843936920166,
-0.004063474480062723,
-0.028155116364359856,
-0.03572935611009598,
-0.030507177114486694,
-0.03237851336598396,
-0.0024998304434120655,
0.034929435700178146,
-0.04148077219724655,
0.030205287039279938,
0.04858911409974098,
0.0632987916469574,
-0.021693143993616104,
0.036800533533096313,
0.03896567225456238,
-0.023581488057971,
-0.05063262954354286,
-0.05820295587182045,
0.04826247692108154,
0.08404397964477539,
0.03678114339709282,
-0.0007768925279378891,
0.024848245084285736,
-0.05051735043525696,
0.039668887853622437,
-0.010082785040140152,
0.002244437113404274,
0.11697717010974884,
-0.021961307153105736,
-0.005805923603475094,
-0.048092879354953766,
0.003788944333791733,
0.035172659903764725,
0.07729728519916534,
-0.09319712221622467,
-0.011992926709353924,
-0.021968109533190727,
0.04129430651664734,
-0.022958293557167053,
0.004160518292337656,
-0.0432187058031559,
0.0702132061123848,
-0.01905948668718338,
0.0004752702370751649,
0.005480603780597448,
0.026761434972286224,
-0.033612821251153946,
0.01346849836409092,
-0.022746674716472626,
0.03873894736170769,
-0.024523282423615456,
-0.03632815554738045,
-0.0017924589337781072,
-0.052569907158613205,
0.006689464673399925,
-0.025846485048532486,
-0.1348353624343872,
0.0011394252069294453,
-0.047169335186481476,
-0.05347497761249542,
-0.018427148461341858,
-0.007304163184016943,
-0.009657083079218864,
-0.037726134061813354,
-0.033999841660261154,
0.01841733604669571,
-0.008003143593668938,
-0.005512353032827377,
-0.03353199362754822,
-0.0201805979013443,
0.021665804088115692,
0.01075822301208973,
-0.05747472122311592,
0.01969684660434723,
-0.007240809965878725,
0.023037107661366463,
0.12023406475782394,
0.0032419958151876926,
0.010150063782930374,
-1.3403668397415913e-8,
-0.046724583953619,
0.04062063992023468,
-0.05561641603708267,
-0.0018853341462090611,
0.056323979049921036,
0.049638908356428146,
-0.04154156893491745,
0.0325038842856884,
0.02574923262000084,
-0.018780937418341637,
0.06920813769102097,
0.02598794549703598,
-0.02782331220805645,
0.05757509544491768,
0.09128093719482422,
-0.01532574463635683,
-0.10472093522548676,
-0.027585938572883606,
-0.016222817823290825,
-0.035399287939071655,
-0.010461363941431046,
-0.013999390415847301,
-0.0002939800324384123,
-0.08362972736358643,
0.007932317443192005,
0.006960071157664061,
-0.04422977939248085,
0.07475824654102325,
0.07440952211618423,
-0.04058071970939636,
-0.0018266832921653986,
0.01985001191496849,
0.014382191933691502,
0.020585300400853157,
0.02213379554450512,
-0.06437048316001892,
-0.06369856745004654,
0.01613914780318737,
0.009907381609082222,
-0.0055595203302800655,
-0.05467313155531883,
-0.0233115516602993,
0.07046928256750107,
0.006468005012720823,
-0.047700025141239166,
-0.0036470729392021894,
0.007837599143385887,
-0.004974569659680128,
-0.01241857185959816,
-0.07781214267015457,
-0.0009409073390997946,
-0.008002524264156818,
0.006034235469996929,
0.08434933423995972,
0.10730371624231339,
0.011427774094045162,
0.013366665691137314,
-0.012747352942824364,
0.061454374343156815,
0.03564131259918213,
0.1587459295988083,
0.12640950083732605,
0.04654904082417488,
-0.015717294067144394
] | {
"pdf_file": "VSIY6OBUI6HB77D6N5CW3UACJPONUNBT.pdf",
"text": ""
} |
[
0.001354499370791018,
-0.02004365064203739,
0.012109674513339996,
0.020283594727516174,
0.0227886363863945,
0.01069173775613308,
-0.02039727009832859,
-0.004620540887117386,
0.01961086131632328,
0.04517260193824768,
0.09008575975894928,
0.011066685430705547,
-0.019789541140198708,
-0.027548931539058685,
-0.05568087100982666,
0.0016031864797696471,
-0.003026871010661125,
0.026158828288316727,
-0.027840476483106613,
0.002488748636096716,
0.027181915938854218,
-0.02177228406071663,
-0.008242303505539894,
0.03427575156092644,
0.030329523608088493,
0.06632070243358612,
0.030808044597506523,
-0.12651194632053375,
-0.014022435992956161,
-0.01029254961758852,
-0.07943274825811386,
0.0035590631887316704,
0.031016556546092033,
0.046651776880025864,
0.010499605908989906,
0.045024435967206955,
0.10656602680683136,
0.0970911756157875,
0.007282822858542204,
0.03461958095431328,
-0.09659440070390701,
-0.02271312288939953,
0.03545421361923218,
0.022662410512566566,
-0.05121801421046257,
-0.015363894402980804,
-0.058910008519887924,
-0.06587520986795425,
-0.04134057089686394,
-0.023778876289725304,
0.013088107109069824,
0.027649138122797012,
0.03769335150718689,
0.008473586291074753,
-0.028900306671857834,
-0.051763471215963364,
-0.017692331224679947,
-0.09125687927007675,
-0.010320398956537247,
0.014303873293101788,
-0.10739238560199738,
-0.033874597400426865,
-0.002363900188356638,
0.039950333535671234,
0.0006271359161473811,
0.04710143432021141,
-0.02701648138463497,
-0.036569882184267044,
0.004221809562295675,
-0.037548087537288666,
-0.025380494073033333,
0.054720189422369,
0.07151157408952713,
0.025670550763607025,
0.03848716616630554,
0.04321325942873955,
-0.042232122272253036,
0.038378532975912094,
0.08860022574663162,
0.03792247548699379,
0.019525699317455292,
-0.0049430434592068195,
-0.0010993388714268804,
0.06053116172552109,
0.0025128598790615797,
0.07408739626407623,
-0.011741738766431808,
0.003265890758484602,
-0.08113466948270798,
-0.010748169384896755,
0.023455681279301643,
0.08539523929357529,
0.006427396088838577,
0.04943828657269478,
-0.02884446270763874,
-0.013258074410259724,
-0.014149514958262444,
-0.050292305648326874,
0.00484949816018343,
0.05099325627088547,
-0.049624428153038025,
0.09444285929203033,
0.010030187666416168,
0.032236166298389435,
-0.060235872864723206,
-0.10160522907972336,
0.10608725994825363,
-0.08053124696016312,
0.015902869403362274,
0.031302616000175476,
0.011792728677392006,
-0.030021553859114647,
-0.029138177633285522,
0.021388845518231392,
-0.029485106468200684,
-0.08876992762088776,
0.04744056612253189,
0.05774318426847458,
0.02444751001894474,
-0.024317339062690735,
0.01394213829189539,
0.05458288639783859,
0.02022230625152588,
-0.05399578809738159,
-0.012843343429267406,
0.016677912324666977,
-0.010724899359047413,
5.226423473224544e-33,
0.03006603755056858,
0.01911536604166031,
0.009543578140437603,
0.014221351593732834,
-0.005574442911893129,
-0.05544136092066765,
-0.021181009709835052,
-0.04471728950738907,
0.041034191846847534,
0.057091958820819855,
0.0021232888102531433,
-0.002287277253344655,
0.01994762383401394,
0.000021880001440877095,
0.03539581969380379,
0.08175665885210037,
-0.009392915293574333,
-0.016020197421312332,
-0.04093202203512192,
0.04171985387802124,
0.05407458171248436,
-0.02284400351345539,
0.03977523744106293,
-0.00037818404962308705,
-0.03838969022035599,
0.023450125008821487,
-0.005050790961831808,
0.00019816194253508002,
-0.014148548245429993,
0.0024596352595835924,
0.007003152277320623,
-0.0036121918819844723,
-0.08123324811458588,
0.00006283423863351345,
0.06532894819974899,
0.0132371224462986,
0.12387159466743469,
-0.017966387793421745,
0.04529361426830292,
-0.05252547934651375,
0.005538174882531166,
-0.0430719330906868,
0.09138170629739761,
0.01981830596923828,
0.039960574358701706,
0.04241820424795151,
0.08514247089624405,
-0.012596205808222294,
0.03127560764551163,
0.04042579606175423,
-0.10562721639871597,
0.08354560285806656,
-0.16117243468761444,
-0.13920767605304718,
-0.03577260673046112,
-0.034867171198129654,
0.02613156847655773,
-0.011546649970114231,
-0.05203280597925186,
0.028797974810004234,
-0.049024637788534164,
0.03248046711087227,
-0.02509913221001625,
-0.08693177998065948,
-0.055681128054857254,
-0.0706482008099556,
-0.08950091153383255,
-0.12610110640525818,
0.13024382293224335,
-0.08764272183179855,
-0.0018024176824837923,
-0.0027368669398128986,
0.0241375919431448,
0.002136014401912689,
-0.007022939156740904,
-0.0015335521893575788,
0.06659191846847534,
0.06108994781970978,
0.03887258097529411,
-0.013459334149956703,
0.04833872243762016,
-0.13457858562469482,
-0.035032711923122406,
-0.04670081287622452,
0.06329185515642166,
-0.049441706389188766,
0.013646145351231098,
-0.021173737943172455,
-0.0615752711892128,
-0.052208513021469116,
-0.02527555823326111,
-0.054142314940690994,
-0.0011890329187735915,
0.05054102838039398,
-0.08500449359416962,
-7.797608715401027e-33,
-0.06369655579328537,
0.01916356012225151,
-0.024739030748605728,
-0.039749108254909515,
0.01922403648495674,
-0.07280370593070984,
0.03328125178813934,
-0.046383365988731384,
0.015950649976730347,
-0.030987517908215523,
-0.07098033279180527,
0.0337703600525856,
0.04597490653395653,
0.04970632866024971,
-0.04065251722931862,
0.029441412538290024,
-0.05732450261712074,
0.0220511332154274,
-0.06016195937991142,
-0.048167478293180466,
0.0258344579488039,
0.10923908650875092,
-0.036019548773765564,
0.12095948308706284,
0.030491897836327553,
0.02793802134692669,
0.0331801176071167,
-0.060251444578170776,
-0.009706543758511543,
0.0276324525475502,
0.07466977089643478,
-0.05565169081091881,
-0.04607294872403145,
-0.01394724752753973,
-0.11472450196743011,
-0.14797791838645935,
0.022778861224651337,
0.006054587196558714,
-0.08328234404325485,
0.033553220331668854,
0.032990939915180206,
-0.015836238861083984,
-0.058373190462589264,
-0.03744709491729736,
0.012529648840427399,
0.06953524798154831,
0.05535636842250824,
0.0069418433122336864,
-0.01768721453845501,
0.05153557285666466,
-0.04254841431975365,
0.06263121217489243,
0.045362647622823715,
0.07323962450027466,
0.09536417573690414,
0.018373912200331688,
0.06299027800559998,
-0.010819511488080025,
-0.00800169724971056,
0.016093790531158447,
0.05054038017988205,
0.006155942101031542,
-0.051585253328084946,
0.11499717086553574,
0.0501825213432312,
-0.06536658108234406,
-0.013071475550532341,
-0.03733893856406212,
-0.03338772431015968,
0.06536471098661423,
-0.02525661513209343,
-0.02415996603667736,
0.0199867133051157,
-0.15215244889259338,
0.02251431532204151,
0.0010473070433363318,
-0.05801311507821083,
-0.006389665883034468,
-0.05290132388472557,
0.02626965381205082,
-0.027154840528964996,
-0.04446906968951225,
-0.04293464869260788,
0.037753671407699585,
-0.002753648441284895,
-0.04742566496133804,
0.16974574327468872,
-0.03099639341235161,
-0.023172127082943916,
0.0020007535349577665,
-0.0066677299328148365,
0.054714832454919815,
-0.058147914707660675,
-0.03235548362135887,
-0.01571890152990818,
-6.062445123689031e-8,
0.07340016216039658,
-0.012518624775111675,
-0.03658148646354675,
0.001505051041021943,
0.04314946010708809,
-0.043122634291648865,
-0.05748218297958374,
-0.027020718902349472,
-0.03652408346533775,
0.08278600871562958,
0.04135245829820633,
0.0001986682036658749,
-0.030424851924180984,
-0.08739510178565979,
0.0966738760471344,
-0.03550044819712639,
0.00500060897320509,
-0.002305408241227269,
-0.014469725079834461,
-0.04323189705610275,
-0.010559783317148685,
-0.04326064884662628,
-0.029424358159303665,
0.03857339546084404,
-0.021641839295625687,
0.005483849439769983,
0.05945460870862007,
0.03285560384392738,
-0.024575404822826385,
0.010179208591580391,
-0.046169545501470566,
0.009307212196290493,
0.03331860527396202,
-0.040706489235162735,
0.006597616709768772,
0.02172352746129036,
-0.07283708453178406,
0.030403314158320427,
0.07467898726463318,
0.05604762211441994,
-0.08122854679822922,
-0.11022850126028061,
0.0411934033036232,
0.09196997433900833,
0.03363201394677162,
0.021334759891033173,
-0.0577128529548645,
-0.02377239614725113,
0.09172893315553665,
-0.03935820981860161,
-0.0031380478758364916,
-0.07587888836860657,
-0.04218674451112747,
-0.018135586753487587,
0.004186404403299093,
0.04693944752216339,
-0.03490395098924637,
0.06030859425663948,
-0.07466155290603638,
-0.031051376834511757,
0.09796562045812607,
-0.02333599328994751,
-0.10050389915704727,
0.004092293791472912
] | {
"pdf_file": "DWLTLUWBPW5FY622QVPGQP22U45D65HE.pdf",
"text": "Regents Exams\nAll Students General-Education Students Students with Disabilities\nTotal \nTestedPercentage of students scoring at or above:Total TestedPercentage of students scoring at or above:Total TestedPercentage of students scoring at or above:\n55 65 85 55 65 85 55 65 85\nComprehensive English\nMathematics A\nMathematics B\nGlobal History \nand Geography\nU.S. History and Government\nLiving Environment\nPhysical Setting/ Earth Science\nPhysical Setting/Chemistry\nPhysical Setting/Physics\nnote \nThe – symbol indicates that data for a group of students has been suppressed. If a group has fewer than five students, \ndata for that group and the next smallest group(s) are suppressed to protect the privacy of individual students.\nThe New York State \nSchool Report Card\nComprehensive \nInformation Report \n2005 – 06 School FISHERS ISLAND SCHOOL\nDistrict FISHERS ISLAND UNION FREE\nSCHOOL DISTRICT\nSchool ID 581004020001\nPrincipal JEANNE SCHULTZ\nTelephone (631) 788-7444\nGrades PK-12\n2005–06\n2004–05\n2003–04\n2005–06\n2004–05\n2003–04\n2005–06\n2004–05\n2003–04\n2005–06\n2004–05\n2003–04\n2005–06\n2004–05\n2003–04\n2005–06\n2004–05\n2003–04\n2005–06\n2004–05\n2003–04\n2005–06\n2004–05\n2003–04\n2005–06\n2004–05\n2003–0411\n3\n4\n5\n6\n4\n9\n3\n3\n4\n9\n5\n0\n3\n4\n3\n9\n4\n0\n0\n0\n13\n0\n9\n0\n3\n082%\n–\n–\n100%\n100%\n–\n33%\n–\n–\n–\n100%\n100%\n–\n–\n–\n100%\n–\n100%\n100%\n–\n82%\n–\n–\n100%\n100%\n–\n22%\n–\n–\n–\n89%\n100%\n–\n–\n–\n89%\n–\n100%\n100%\n–\n73%\n–\n–\n0%\n50%\n–\n0%\n–\n–\n–\n67%\n40%\n–\n–\n–\n44%\n–\n15%\n44%\n–\n11\n3\n3\n5\n6\n4\n9\n3\n3\n4\n9\n5\n0\n3\n3\n3\n9\n4\n0\n0\n0\n13\n0\n8\n0\n3\n082%\n–\n–\n100%\n100%\n–\n33%\n–\n–\n–\n100%\n100%\n–\n–\n–\n100%\n–\n100%\n–\n–\n82%\n–\n–\n100%\n100%\n–\n22%\n–\n–\n–\n89%\n100%\n–\n–\n–\n89%\n–\n100%\n–\n–\n73%\n–\n–\n0%\n50%\n–\n0%\n–\n–\n–\n67%\n40%\n–\n–\n–\n44%\n–\n15%\n–\n–\n0\n0\n1\n0\n0\n0\n0\n0\n0\n0\n0\n0\n0\n0\n1\n0\n0\n0\n0\n0\n0\n0\n0\n1\n0\n0\n0\n–\n–\n–\n–\n–\n–\n–\n–\n–\n Regents Exams in Languages Other Than English1\nRegents Exams\nAll Students General-Education Students Students with Disabilities\nTotal \nTestedPercentage of students \nscoring at or above:Total \nTestedPercentage of students \nscoring at or above:Total \nTestedPercentage of students \nscoring at or above:\n55 65 85 55 65 85 55 65 85\nComprehensive French\nComprehensive German\nComprehensive Hebrew\nComprehensive Italian\nComprehensive Latin\nComprehensive Spanish\nnote \nThe – symbol indicates that data for a group of students has been suppressed. If a group has fewer than five students, \ndata for that group and the next smallest group(s) are suppressed to protect the privacy of individual students.\nSchool FISHERS ISLAND SCHOOL District FISHERS ISLAND UNION FREE SCHOOL DISTRICT\n2005–06\n2004–05\n2003–04\n2005–06\n2004–05\n2003–04\n2005–06\n2004–05\n2003–04\n2005–06\n2004–05\n2003–04\n2005–06\n2004–05\n2003–04\n2005–06\n2004–05\n2003–040\n0\n0\n0\n0\n0\n0\n0\n0\n0\n0\n0\n0\n0\n0\n4\n6\n3\n–\n100%\n–\n–\n100%\n–\n–\n50%\n–0\n0\n0\n0\n0\n0\n0\n0\n0\n0\n0\n0\n0\n0\n0\n4\n6\n3\n–\n100%\n–\n–\n100%\n–\n–\n50%\n–0\n0\n0\n0\n0\n0\n0\n0\n0\n0\n0\n0\n0\n0\n0\n0\n0\n0\n Regents Competency Tests 2\nRegents Competency Tests\nAll Students General-Education Students Students with Disabilities\nTotal Tested Percent Passing Total Tested Percent Passing Total Tested Percent Passing\nMathematics\nScience\nReading\nWriting\nGlobal Studies\nU.S. History \nand Government\nnote \nThe – symbol indicates that data for a group of students has been suppressed. If a group has fewer than five students, \ndata for that group and the next smallest group(s) are suppressed to protect the privacy of individual students.\nSchool FISHERS ISLAND SCHOOL District FISHERS ISLAND UNION FREE SCHOOL DISTRICT\n2005–06\n2004–05\n2003–04\n2005–06\n2004–05\n2003–04\n2005–06\n2004–05\n2003–04\n2005–06\n2004–05\n2003–04\n2005–06\n2004–05\n2003–04\n2005–06\n2004–05\n2003–040\n2\n0\n0\n2\n0\n2\n0\n0\n2\n0\n0\n0\n0\n0\n0\n0\n0\n–\n–\n–\n–\n0\n2\n0\n0\n2\n0\n2\n0\n0\n2\n0\n0\n0\n0\n0\n0\n0\n0\n–\n–\n–\n–\n0\n0\n0\n0\n0\n0\n0\n0\n0\n0\n0\n0\n0\n0\n0\n0\n0\n0\n Second Language Proficiency Examinations 3\nSecond Language Proficiency Examinations\nAll Students General-Education Students Students with Disabilities\nTotal Tested Percent Passing: Total Tested Percent Passing: Total Tested Percent Passing:\nFrench\nGerman\nItalian\nLatin\nSpanish\nnote \nThe – symbol indicates that data for a group of students has been suppressed. If a group has fewer than five students, \ndata for that group and the next smallest group(s) are suppressed to protect the privacy of individual students.\nSchool FISHERS ISLAND SCHOOL District FISHERS ISLAND UNION FREE SCHOOL DISTRICT\n2005–06\n2004–05\n2003–04\n2005–06\n2004–05\n2003–04\n2005–06\n2004–05\n2003–04\n2005–06\n2004–05\n2003–04\n2005–06\n2004–05\n2003–040\n0\n0\n0\n0\n0\n0\n0\n0\n0\n0\n0\n5\n5\n5\n100%\n100%\n100%0\n0\n0\n0\n0\n0\n0\n0\n0\n0\n0\n0\n5\n5\n5\n100%\n100%\n100%0\n0\n0\n0\n0\n0\n0\n0\n0\n0\n0\n0\n0\n0\n0\n District English as a Second Language Achievement Test4\nNew York State English as a Second Language \nAchievement Test (NYSESLAT)\nAll Students General-Education Students Students with Disabilities\nTotal \nTestedPercent of students scoring \nin each performance level:Total \nTestedPercent of students scoring \nin each performance level:Total \nTestedPercent of students scoring \nin each performance level:\nBegin.Interm.Adv. Prof. Begin.Interm.Adv. Prof. Begin.Interm.Adv. Prof.\nListening \nand Speaking \n(Grades K–1)\nReading \nand Writing \n(Grades K–1)\nListening \nand Speaking \n(Grades 2–4)\nReading \nand Writing \n(Grades 2–4)\nListening \nand Speaking \n(Grades 5–6)\nReading \nand Writing \n(Grades 5–6)\nListening \nand Speaking \n(Grades 7–8)\nReading \nand Writing \n(Grades 7–8)\nListening \nand Speaking \n(Grades 9–12)\nReading \nand Writing \n(Grades 9–12)\nnote \nThe – symbol indicates that data for a group of students has been suppressed. If a group has fewer than five students, \ndata for that group and the next smallest group(s) are suppressed to protect the privacy of individual students.\nSchool FISHERS ISLAND SCHOOL District FISHERS ISLAND UNION FREE SCHOOL DISTRICT\n2005–06\n2004–05\n2003–04\n2005–06\n2004–05\n2003–04\n2005–06\n2004–05\n2003–04\n2005–06\n2004–05\n2003–04\n2005–06\n2004–05\n2003–04\n2005–06\n2004–05\n2003–04\n2005–06\n2004–05\n2003–04\n2005–06\n2004–05\n2003–04\n2005–06\n2004–05\n2003–04\n2005–06\n2004–05\n2003–040\n0\n0\n0\n0\n0\n0\n0\n0\n0\n0\n0\n0\n0\n0\n0\n0\n0\n0\n0\n0\n0\n0\n0\n0\n0\n0\n0\n0\n0\n0\n0\n0\n0\n0\n0\n0\n0\n0\n0\n0\n0\n0\n0\n0\n0\n0\n0\n0\n0\n0\n0\n0\n0\n0\n0\n0\n0\n0\n0\n0\n0\n0\n0\n0\n0\n0\n0\n0\n0\n0\n0\n0\n0\n0\n0\n0\n0\n0\n0\n0\n0\n0\n0\n0\n0\n0\n0\n0\n0\n Other Assessments 5\nElementary/Middle-Level Social Studies \nAll Students General-Education Students Students with Disabilities\nTotal \nTestedPercentage of students \nscoring at level:Total \nTestedPercentage of students \nscoring at level:Total \nTestedPercentage of students \nscoring at level:\n1234 1234 1234\nElementary \nLevel\nMiddle Level\n \nRegents Exams After Four Years\nAll Students General-Education Students Students with DisabilitiesCohort \nEnrollmentPercentage of \nstudents scoring:\nApproved \nAlternatives\nCohort \nEnrollmentPercentage of \nstudents scoring:\nApproved \nAlternatives\nCohort \nEnrollmentPercentage of \nstudents scoring:\nApproved \nAlternatives\n55–64 65–84 85–100 55–64 65–84 85–100 55–64 65–84 85–100\nGlobal History and Geography\nU.S. History and Government\nScience\nNew York State Alternate Assessments (NYSAA ) \nAll Students\nTotal \nTestedNumber of students scoring \nat Level:\n1234\nElementary Level The New York State Alternate Assessment (NYSAA) \nis for students with severe cognitive disabilities. Results \nfor students taking the NYSAA in English language arts, \nmathematics, and science at the elementary and \nmiddle levels and in the English and mathematics at \nthe secondary level are available in the Accountability and \nOverview Report part of The New York State Report Card.Social Studies\nMiddle Level\nSocial Studies\nSecondary Level\nSocial Studies\nScience\nnote \nThe – symbol indicates that data for a group of students has been suppressed. If a group has fewer than five students, \ndata for that group and the next smallest group(s) are suppressed to protect the privacy of individual students.\nSchool FISHERS ISLAND SCHOOL District FISHERS ISLAND UNION FREE SCHOOL DISTRICT\n2005–06\n5\n50%\n0%0%\n0%40%\n80%60%\n20%5\n50%\n0%0%\n0%40%\n80%60%\n20%0\n0\n2002 Total Cohort Performance on\n3\n3\n3–\n–\n––\n–\n––\n–\n––\n–\n–3\n3\n3–\n–\n––\n–\n––\n–\n––\n–\n–0\n0\n0\n2005–06\n0\n0\n0\n0\n High School Information6\nHigh School Completers\nAll Students General-Education Students Students with Disabilities\nNumber \nof StudentsPercentage \nof GraduatesNumber \nof StudentsPercentage \nof GraduatesNumber \nof StudentsPercentage \nof Graduates\nTotal Graduates\nReceiving a Regents Diploma\nReceiving a Regents Diploma \nwith Advanced Designation\nReceiving an Individualized Education \nProgram (IEP) Diploma\nnote An NA indicates that the diploma was not available in that year.\nHigh School Noncompleters\nAll Students General-Education Students Students with Disabilities\nNumber \nof StudentsPercentage \nof StudentsNumber \nof StudentsPercentage \nof StudentsNumber \nof StudentsPercentage \nof Students\nDropped Out\nEntered Approved High \nSchool Equivalency \nPreparation Program\nTotal Noncompleters\nPost-secondary Plans of \nAll Students General-Education Students Students with Disabilities\nNumber \nof StudentsPercentage \nof StudentsNumber \nof StudentsPercentage \nof StudentsNumber \nof StudentsPercentage \nof Students\nTo 4-year College\nTo 2-year College\nTo Other Post-secondary\nTo the Military\nTo Employment\nTo Adult Services\nTo Other Known Plans\nPlan Unknown\nSchool FISHERS ISLAND SCHOOL District FISHERS ISLAND UNION FREE SCHOOL DISTRICT\n2005–06\n2004–05\n2003–04\n2005–06\n2004–05\n2003–04\n2005–06\n2004–05\n2003–04\n2005–06\n2004–05\n2003–040\n4\n6\n0\n4\n6\n0\n3\n0\n0\n0\n0\n100%\n100%\n100%\n100%\n75%\n0\n3\n6\n0\n3\n6\n0\n3\n0\n0\n0\n0\n100%\n100%\n100%\n100%\n100%\n0\n1\n0\n0\n1\n0\n0\n0\n0\n0\n0\n0\n100%\n100%\n2005–06\n2004–05\n2003–04\n2005–06\n2004–05\n2003–04\n2005–06\n2004–05\n2003–040\n0\n0\n0\n0\n0\n0\n0\n0\n0\n0\n0\n0\n0\n0\n0\n0\n0\n0\n0\n0\n0\n0\n0\n0\n0\n0\n2005–06 Graduates\n0\n0\n0\n0\n0\n0\n0\n0\n0\n0\n0\n0\n0\n0\n0\n0\n0\n0\n0\n0\n0\n0\n0\n0\n More Information about the School7\nFinancial Information\nExpenditures per Pupil\nfrom Families Receiving Public Assistance\nnote \nExpenditure data is available only at the district level. \nPublic Assistance information is available only at the school level.\nSchool FISHERS ISLAND SCHOOL District FISHERS ISLAND UNION FREE SCHOOL DISTRICT\n2004–05 School District-wide Total Expenditures per Pupil\n2004–05 NYS Public School Total\n2005–06 Estimated Percentage of Students$43,385\n$15,035\n0%"
} |
[
-0.11883839964866638,
0.04829868674278259,
-0.0025480559561401606,
-0.011011209338903427,
0.05195074528455734,
0.010291832499206066,
0.1154332384467125,
0.0007007909007370472,
-0.08592535555362701,
-0.07065396010875702,
0.0013317164266481996,
-0.035472381860017776,
0.018434155732393265,
-0.006737178191542625,
0.024402987211942673,
-0.029503243044018745,
-0.058138374239206314,
-0.05043954402208328,
-0.020765526220202446,
0.029036032035946846,
-0.06367600709199905,
0.024029914289712906,
0.0262432973831892,
-0.006037362851202488,
-0.011076544411480427,
-0.0014006864512339234,
-0.018619801849126816,
0.03277004510164261,
0.0028860096354037523,
-0.05694391578435898,
-0.04394163936376572,
0.025414075702428818,
0.08790954202413559,
-0.02499123103916645,
-0.03668315336108208,
0.0062413448467850685,
-0.06646791845560074,
-0.0671444833278656,
0.020564241334795952,
0.04238877445459366,
0.021880215033888817,
-0.04288247600197792,
-0.03437700495123863,
0.06146686151623726,
0.0656372681260109,
-0.0785202905535698,
0.029487011954188347,
0.010798297822475433,
0.06332410126924515,
-0.04508465901017189,
-0.01823394186794758,
-0.027721041813492775,
-0.0036737609189003706,
-0.03659451752901077,
0.054250262677669525,
-0.02085655927658081,
0.015034922398626804,
-0.060095224529504776,
0.016393909230828285,
-0.03323858231306076,
0.01750349812209606,
-0.0005952207720838487,
-0.16348379850387573,
0.08492093533277512,
-0.07583844661712646,
0.0161097701638937,
0.048382941633462906,
-0.007598146330565214,
-0.024985475465655327,
0.05949747934937477,
0.0658901110291481,
-0.03513742983341217,
0.0008843158720992506,
-0.11567969620227814,
0.049390342086553574,
0.03360460326075554,
0.055154237896203995,
0.026383694261312485,
0.053694359958171844,
0.038932498544454575,
0.0004393816343508661,
0.0180604699999094,
-0.09288253635168076,
-0.004073987249284983,
-0.0008234609267674387,
-0.04883106052875519,
-0.006677441764622927,
-0.023541681468486786,
-0.03813307359814644,
0.05245159938931465,
-0.042493823915719986,
-0.055899728089571,
0.08681583404541016,
-0.04896170645952225,
-0.08339672535657883,
-0.0457635223865509,
0.029042238369584084,
0.03465776517987251,
-0.08649188280105591,
0.4062184691429138,
0.03594949096441269,
0.018697189167141914,
0.0979783833026886,
-0.007865204475820065,
0.023714108392596245,
-0.05756505951285362,
-0.06109985336661339,
-0.006620500702410936,
0.007060033269226551,
0.021669859066605568,
-0.024405108764767647,
-0.033514637500047684,
0.00025015627034008503,
0.03170765936374664,
0.04407161846756935,
0.09463243186473846,
-0.035580113530159,
-0.0045343064703047276,
0.043714847415685654,
0.00020504710846580565,
-0.002858717693015933,
-0.024884076789021492,
0.0037606365513056517,
0.014041258953511715,
0.07781578600406647,
-0.1323145031929016,
0.0068764761090278625,
-7.2201250750405e-33,
0.007334581576287746,
0.002726183971390128,
0.012147537432610989,
-0.002440247917547822,
0.027932560071349144,
0.03927065059542656,
0.003743888111785054,
-0.04643532633781433,
-0.014492551796138287,
0.05360198765993118,
0.006590632256120443,
0.03664784133434296,
-0.023135676980018616,
0.03275369852781296,
0.07811082899570465,
0.009627518244087696,
0.007964123040437698,
0.0028742437716573477,
-0.0018807238666340709,
0.004691542126238346,
-0.012402275577187538,
-0.0008041393011808395,
-0.023038707673549652,
0.04297299310564995,
-0.028259985148906708,
-0.06694644689559937,
0.038539037108421326,
-0.07085712999105453,
0.020109260454773903,
0.001460324041545391,
0.0014639950823038816,
0.049912355840206146,
-0.02594558522105217,
0.0008223677286878228,
-0.03757276013493538,
-0.028740663081407547,
0.03337514027953148,
-0.07462829351425171,
-0.035983964800834656,
0.025680823251605034,
-0.050139084458351135,
0.010837196372449398,
-0.04243791848421097,
-0.002668545348569751,
-0.004916265141218901,
0.16647927463054657,
-0.0011541391722857952,
-0.004960660357028246,
-0.06482207775115967,
0.06976216286420822,
-0.0028182310052216053,
-0.02132517658174038,
-0.11613703519105911,
0.04333868995308876,
-0.0033509607892483473,
-0.020106570795178413,
0.016554009169340134,
-0.043971188366413116,
0.020619438961148262,
-0.009089959785342216,
0.009713641367852688,
0.039391469210386276,
-0.012487754225730896,
0.009350251406431198,
-0.08647788316011429,
-0.04851773753762245,
0.02447775937616825,
-0.008494960144162178,
0.023063570261001587,
-0.012638214975595474,
-0.05100997909903526,
0.03675990551710129,
0.03771744668483734,
0.030916057527065277,
-0.028798431158065796,
-0.01926880143582821,
-0.019831717014312744,
0.03583517670631409,
0.08063048869371414,
0.00649732630699873,
0.03545527532696724,
-0.041958946734666824,
0.006693818140774965,
-0.024078864604234695,
0.09502369910478592,
0.054634999483823776,
0.004220988135784864,
-0.05180729925632477,
0.01021517813205719,
-0.041098661720752716,
-0.03574559465050697,
0.06131820008158684,
-0.0030944310128688812,
0.08796171098947525,
0.006000818684697151,
4.4925641867161134e-33,
-0.07716735452413559,
0.01899317093193531,
-0.03573813661932945,
0.0887979194521904,
-0.01755509153008461,
-0.0027626880910247564,
0.037273939698934555,
0.09013677388429642,
-0.09250447154045105,
0.0680299699306488,
0.022390201687812805,
-0.045089662075042725,
0.030878892168402672,
0.044495198875665665,
-0.005799654871225357,
0.03523358702659607,
0.06968843936920166,
-0.004063474480062723,
-0.028155116364359856,
-0.03572935611009598,
-0.030507177114486694,
-0.03237851336598396,
-0.0024998304434120655,
0.034929435700178146,
-0.04148077219724655,
0.030205287039279938,
0.04858911409974098,
0.0632987916469574,
-0.021693143993616104,
0.036800533533096313,
0.03896567225456238,
-0.023581488057971,
-0.05063262954354286,
-0.05820295587182045,
0.04826247692108154,
0.08404397964477539,
0.03678114339709282,
-0.0007768925279378891,
0.024848245084285736,
-0.05051735043525696,
0.039668887853622437,
-0.010082785040140152,
0.002244437113404274,
0.11697717010974884,
-0.021961307153105736,
-0.005805923603475094,
-0.048092879354953766,
0.003788944333791733,
0.035172659903764725,
0.07729728519916534,
-0.09319712221622467,
-0.011992926709353924,
-0.021968109533190727,
0.04129430651664734,
-0.022958293557167053,
0.004160518292337656,
-0.0432187058031559,
0.0702132061123848,
-0.01905948668718338,
0.0004752702370751649,
0.005480603780597448,
0.026761434972286224,
-0.033612821251153946,
0.01346849836409092,
-0.022746674716472626,
0.03873894736170769,
-0.024523282423615456,
-0.03632815554738045,
-0.0017924589337781072,
-0.052569907158613205,
0.006689464673399925,
-0.025846485048532486,
-0.1348353624343872,
0.0011394252069294453,
-0.047169335186481476,
-0.05347497761249542,
-0.018427148461341858,
-0.007304163184016943,
-0.009657083079218864,
-0.037726134061813354,
-0.033999841660261154,
0.01841733604669571,
-0.008003143593668938,
-0.005512353032827377,
-0.03353199362754822,
-0.0201805979013443,
0.021665804088115692,
0.01075822301208973,
-0.05747472122311592,
0.01969684660434723,
-0.007240809965878725,
0.023037107661366463,
0.12023406475782394,
0.0032419958151876926,
0.010150063782930374,
-1.3403668397415913e-8,
-0.046724583953619,
0.04062063992023468,
-0.05561641603708267,
-0.0018853341462090611,
0.056323979049921036,
0.049638908356428146,
-0.04154156893491745,
0.0325038842856884,
0.02574923262000084,
-0.018780937418341637,
0.06920813769102097,
0.02598794549703598,
-0.02782331220805645,
0.05757509544491768,
0.09128093719482422,
-0.01532574463635683,
-0.10472093522548676,
-0.027585938572883606,
-0.016222817823290825,
-0.035399287939071655,
-0.010461363941431046,
-0.013999390415847301,
-0.0002939800324384123,
-0.08362972736358643,
0.007932317443192005,
0.006960071157664061,
-0.04422977939248085,
0.07475824654102325,
0.07440952211618423,
-0.04058071970939636,
-0.0018266832921653986,
0.01985001191496849,
0.014382191933691502,
0.020585300400853157,
0.02213379554450512,
-0.06437048316001892,
-0.06369856745004654,
0.01613914780318737,
0.009907381609082222,
-0.0055595203302800655,
-0.05467313155531883,
-0.0233115516602993,
0.07046928256750107,
0.006468005012720823,
-0.047700025141239166,
-0.0036470729392021894,
0.007837599143385887,
-0.004974569659680128,
-0.01241857185959816,
-0.07781214267015457,
-0.0009409073390997946,
-0.008002524264156818,
0.006034235469996929,
0.08434933423995972,
0.10730371624231339,
0.011427774094045162,
0.013366665691137314,
-0.012747352942824364,
0.061454374343156815,
0.03564131259918213,
0.1587459295988083,
0.12640950083732605,
0.04654904082417488,
-0.015717294067144394
] | {
"pdf_file": "GKKRL4WDTHIXSKURLLCSPTOJSAOWF64Z.pdf",
"text": " "
} |
[
0.010388655588030815,
-0.03946533426642418,
0.039210908114910126,
0.0763651579618454,
-0.005573550704866648,
0.057526592165231705,
0.018346063792705536,
-0.06979706138372421,
-0.018833676353096962,
-0.022405534982681274,
-0.05577738583087921,
-0.05023883283138275,
-0.021949395537376404,
0.00032039755024015903,
0.04831203818321228,
-0.03606192395091057,
0.06876476109027863,
-0.026167992502450943,
-0.03103603981435299,
0.07916608452796936,
0.0009051702218130231,
-0.08550341427326202,
-0.022388940677046776,
0.050739601254463196,
-0.016588151454925537,
0.04287680983543396,
-0.08692348748445511,
-0.03198174014687538,
-0.027811413630843163,
0.0406113937497139,
0.0018508232897147536,
0.03549402579665184,
-0.020712323486804962,
0.03715768828988075,
0.0799754187464714,
0.06757685542106628,
0.07160741835832596,
0.01284586451947689,
0.04180501773953438,
-0.01650301180779934,
-0.05315517261624336,
-0.04826692119240761,
-0.0064147114753723145,
-0.00021429384651128203,
-0.04415321350097656,
-0.07018301635980606,
0.017787978053092957,
-0.05776294320821762,
-0.0001842538040364161,
-0.0234064981341362,
-0.09049052000045776,
0.016635408625006676,
0.06100010126829147,
0.0241338349878788,
0.04004453867673874,
0.027829289436340332,
0.02527341991662979,
-0.054457057267427444,
0.0415634848177433,
0.007585929706692696,
-0.05832553282380104,
-0.10709699988365173,
-0.04553426057100296,
0.05529230087995529,
-0.045076895505189896,
-0.014716017991304398,
-0.09633992612361908,
0.019752470776438713,
0.04035893455147743,
-0.07834311574697495,
-0.023792756721377373,
0.04903549328446388,
0.04522833973169327,
-0.024141961708664894,
0.05789155140519142,
0.012539132498204708,
0.07623915374279022,
0.029004931449890137,
0.09951997548341751,
-0.030430369079113007,
0.016355639323592186,
-0.017032818868756294,
0.07640722393989563,
0.01672488823533058,
-0.03658422455191612,
-0.006162388250231743,
-0.012539184652268887,
-0.02872035652399063,
0.035520877689123154,
-0.03765307739377022,
-0.056119561195373535,
0.09966185688972473,
0.03831325098872185,
-0.02685839869081974,
-0.05755992606282234,
-0.01935349591076374,
-0.011290968395769596,
-0.015353410504758358,
0.04921071231365204,
0.05415172874927521,
-0.022608445957303047,
0.11641346663236618,
-0.04186004400253296,
-0.054442647844552994,
0.04615189880132675,
-0.07636713236570358,
-0.07479161769151688,
-0.03554783761501312,
-0.03163394331932068,
-0.013677684590220451,
0.051034536212682724,
-0.03140551224350929,
-0.04730002209544182,
0.034113816916942596,
0.03553507849574089,
0.15176577866077423,
0.05821488797664642,
0.0361415296792984,
0.013168497011065483,
-0.05295171961188316,
-0.04439777135848999,
-0.05998993664979935,
0.02687866985797882,
-0.03150198981165886,
0.04975337162613869,
-0.035327278077602386,
0.002993031172081828,
3.0603688693101088e-33,
-0.020061951130628586,
0.03178955242037773,
-0.02511337213218212,
0.056029483675956726,
0.15651105344295502,
-0.02224920503795147,
0.04383505880832672,
-0.02474958449602127,
0.037281397730112076,
-0.017344387248158455,
0.01103164441883564,
0.035069264471530914,
-0.015199759975075722,
-0.03371641784906387,
-0.05296450853347778,
-0.005377466790378094,
-0.07737170159816742,
-0.017565464600920677,
-0.07806376367807388,
-0.04666883498430252,
0.10895709693431854,
-0.043698716908693314,
-0.01191597431898117,
0.05591423809528351,
-0.005134919658303261,
0.04723092168569565,
0.09390588104724884,
0.011919130571186543,
0.03372291475534439,
0.029912877827882767,
-0.032295677810907364,
-0.0009301657555624843,
0.05358891561627388,
0.04264184832572937,
0.05441403016448021,
0.03793792426586151,
-0.021244870498776436,
-0.0032910939771682024,
-0.02403794601559639,
0.037664707750082016,
-0.013596344739198685,
-0.026931392028927803,
0.090565524995327,
-0.02559506893157959,
-0.06562258303165436,
-0.0005759692867286503,
0.08031123131513596,
-0.00001128709664044436,
0.05043950304389,
0.040849193930625916,
-0.045532647520303726,
0.006638788152486086,
0.018586542457342148,
0.06033261865377426,
-0.030845696106553078,
-0.05067342519760132,
-0.03269509971141815,
-0.07728242129087448,
0.020756524056196213,
-0.06593843549489975,
0.04792693629860878,
0.015574561432003975,
-0.04872888699173927,
0.022872820496559143,
-0.08517081290483475,
-0.035439640283584595,
-0.02557641826570034,
-0.030718546360731125,
0.10389208048582077,
-0.0319010466337204,
0.06111273169517517,
0.037147942930459976,
0.02428434044122696,
-0.012820173054933548,
-0.020787792280316353,
0.10401009023189545,
-0.019845688715577126,
0.001818734803237021,
-0.028608888387680054,
0.023707548156380653,
-0.02512979321181774,
-0.022542057558894157,
0.05013973265886307,
0.05371002107858658,
-0.008145871572196484,
-0.050081491470336914,
-0.007273299153894186,
0.031138800084590912,
-0.008441935293376446,
-0.019329451024532318,
-0.03209036588668823,
0.02902141772210598,
0.12495787441730499,
0.06705736368894577,
-0.08162590116262436,
-4.835666008466184e-33,
0.060350872576236725,
-0.0392131432890892,
-0.007847164757549763,
-0.012936558574438095,
0.040570858865976334,
0.019021516665816307,
0.07517877221107483,
-0.04889806732535362,
0.1065726950764656,
-0.04492383077740669,
-0.015538848005235195,
0.0144386300817132,
0.029863731935620308,
0.04035479202866554,
-0.018853316083550453,
0.11812489479780197,
0.06512800604104996,
-0.03031470812857151,
-0.05305776372551918,
-0.019081557169556618,
-0.11651992797851562,
0.027231981977820396,
-0.1005612313747406,
0.018738914281129837,
0.03183230385184288,
0.03492853045463562,
0.1503727287054062,
-0.09165271371603012,
-0.04212760925292969,
-0.010439611040055752,
-0.1319553405046463,
-0.0368124358355999,
-0.08992623537778854,
0.043791018426418304,
0.03679732233285904,
0.018272986635565758,
-0.02493078075349331,
-0.04065616801381111,
-0.03525538742542267,
0.02701849304139614,
0.03871890902519226,
-0.007395470514893532,
-0.031246894970536232,
0.11625658720731735,
-0.000298171304166317,
-0.015372900292277336,
-0.042516499757766724,
-0.08536732941865921,
-0.05738132447004318,
0.0646076425909996,
-0.06390248239040375,
-0.10407824069261551,
-0.04458358883857727,
0.048883914947509766,
-0.024280643090605736,
0.0536351315677166,
0.04789602756500244,
0.04636629298329353,
-0.06820228695869446,
0.03789106383919716,
-0.014390481635928154,
0.023452522233128548,
-0.045330386608839035,
-0.025091424584388733,
0.05241822078824043,
-0.0437404103577137,
-0.06514137238264084,
-0.1265265792608261,
0.017074894160032272,
-0.013501100242137909,
0.09338495135307312,
-0.04130867123603821,
-0.09753086417913437,
0.008006757125258446,
-0.0820784717798233,
0.0490315780043602,
0.04948927089571953,
-0.013909990899264812,
-0.049231622368097305,
-0.02016204036772251,
0.004268994089215994,
0.04398937150835991,
-0.044018007814884186,
-0.0005341776413843036,
0.047788769006729126,
0.062242209911346436,
0.05274052917957306,
0.00819691363722086,
0.010780900716781616,
0.012137197889387608,
-0.01817483641207218,
0.005768256727606058,
0.025591176003217697,
0.004170156084001064,
0.06365743279457092,
-4.766655692378663e-8,
0.0003509725211188197,
-0.03544897586107254,
-0.08103526383638382,
0.022940710186958313,
0.04679691419005394,
-0.029809536412358284,
-0.04758822172880173,
-0.04096011072397232,
-0.035188592970371246,
0.026594705879688263,
0.01747131533920765,
0.004682324826717377,
0.021340204402804375,
-0.00003869836655212566,
0.006562229711562395,
-0.018162839114665985,
0.021324407309293747,
-0.01574850268661976,
-0.07517367601394653,
-0.04101502150297165,
-0.05112485587596893,
-0.11296923458576202,
0.04535538703203201,
0.06091266870498657,
-0.022992217913269997,
-0.0015042574377730489,
-0.0808400958776474,
0.031180307269096375,
0.022221848368644714,
-0.08229024708271027,
-0.11639073491096497,
0.04186262562870979,
-0.05727484077215195,
-0.044010553508996964,
0.0187473613768816,
0.032856620848178864,
-0.03828006237745285,
-0.08611302822828293,
0.011050546541810036,
0.035786282271146774,
0.017897631973028183,
-0.08198428153991699,
-0.03791370987892151,
-0.01788920909166336,
0.0287754125893116,
-0.002117231721058488,
-0.048514124006032944,
-0.07520868629217148,
0.080786794424057,
0.12382073700428009,
-0.050537269562482834,
-0.01909225806593895,
0.05771151930093765,
-0.009009870700538158,
-0.015339779667556286,
0.020606040954589844,
-0.032761987298727036,
0.02409122884273529,
0.055553462356328964,
0.0629240870475769,
0.008154226467013359,
0.05647928640246391,
-0.09249669313430786,
-0.043725255876779556
] | {
"pdf_file": "PKJ5POOU72UUDAUOETQSQZUNHVOWUZZK.pdf",
"text": "“Coffee with Congresswoman Matsui” Event Scheduled for Saturday\nFOR PLANNING PURPOSES\nFriday, March 25, 2011 \n \nCONTACT: MARA LEE\n(202) 225-7163\n \n“Coffee with Congresswoman Matsui” Event Scheduled for Saturday\n \nSACRAMENTO, CA – On Saturday, March 26th from 11:00AM to 12:00PM, Congresswoman\nDoris Matsui (CA-5) will host a “Coffee with the Congresswoman” event in the Community\nRoom of Belle Cooledge Library. The Congresswoman encourages constituents to attend who\nhave questions or are seeking assistance with a federal agency.\n \n“Saturday’s event is an opportunity for my constituents to come to talk with me about problems\nthey are facing or with questions they may have,” Congresswoman Matsui said. “I look forward\nto my ‘Coffee with the Congresswoman’ events as another way to hear from and assist my\nconstituents.”\n \nWHO: Congresswoman Doris Matsui (CA-5)\n Residents of California’s Fifth Congressional District\n \nWHAT: “Coffee with the Congresswoman” Event\n \nWHEN: Saturday, March 26, 2011, 11:00AM – 12:00PM\n \nWHERE: Belle Cooledge Library - Community Room\n 5600 South Land Park Drive\n Sacramento, CA\n \n 1 / 2 “Coffee with Congresswoman Matsui” Event Scheduled for Saturday\nFor more information about Congresswoman Matsui’s work in Congress, please visit www.mat\nsui.house.gov\n \n# # #\n \n 2 / 2"
} |
[
-0.10226266086101532,
-0.01032075472176075,
-0.03775143623352051,
-0.08960548788309097,
-0.024308545514941216,
0.041315458714962006,
0.1204477846622467,
0.05221766233444214,
0.01656135357916355,
0.09006919711828232,
0.053191717714071274,
0.019074207171797752,
0.02860475704073906,
0.008718710392713547,
-0.05147494375705719,
0.00028883179766125977,
0.037835072726011276,
0.026035126298666,
-0.13580776751041412,
0.03932289779186249,
0.06182677671313286,
0.03665496036410332,
-0.03764403611421585,
-0.008133052848279476,
-0.05981407314538956,
-0.06292546540498734,
-0.03418407961726189,
0.03408363088965416,
0.02271348237991333,
-0.019800974056124687,
-0.0013804337941110134,
0.11036054790019989,
0.059957355260849,
0.06547736376523972,
0.04909101128578186,
0.041216034442186356,
-0.00125252571888268,
-0.0502156987786293,
0.010650444775819778,
0.03038335032761097,
0.007234673481434584,
-0.0426594577729702,
-0.011507452465593815,
-0.07698702812194824,
0.012986560352146626,
-0.01830640435218811,
0.059844549745321274,
-0.029691096395254135,
-0.09023245424032211,
0.015719952061772346,
0.04508074000477791,
-0.007636400405317545,
0.024996405467391014,
-0.03754603490233421,
-0.004405934363603592,
-0.06860069185495377,
-0.028806135058403015,
-0.027237599715590477,
0.010541318915784359,
0.005842364858835936,
-0.04780705273151398,
-0.032302021980285645,
-0.04846706986427307,
-0.020514177158474922,
0.03473014011979103,
-0.012823570519685745,
-0.006863587070256472,
-0.08871864527463913,
-0.0754658579826355,
-0.020193763077259064,
0.0883316621184349,
-0.09814438968896866,
-0.08311205357313156,
0.04860908165574074,
0.04704667627811432,
0.049167562276124954,
0.10120528191328049,
0.07512479275465012,
0.10287340730428696,
-0.125409796833992,
0.002835631836205721,
0.07931669056415558,
-0.002018768573179841,
0.011770755052566528,
-0.004829118028283119,
-0.1219283863902092,
0.023194754496216774,
0.06915474683046341,
0.12925849854946136,
-0.006444492843002081,
0.04404506832361221,
-0.08912907540798187,
-0.014253267087042332,
-0.02863805927336216,
0.04623204842209816,
0.02354501001536846,
-0.020869459956884384,
0.006568016950041056,
0.000021265244868118316,
0.051804039627313614,
-0.0209931880235672,
0.007192608900368214,
-0.10916352272033691,
-0.022580115124583244,
-0.02339487336575985,
-0.06773750483989716,
-0.0014944913564249873,
-0.013326731510460377,
0.0008712529670447111,
0.006321643944829702,
-0.0880332663655281,
-0.005390247795730829,
0.011916955932974815,
-0.0031860414892435074,
0.029788466170430183,
-0.00880524329841137,
-0.07264639437198639,
0.05872426927089691,
0.048416439443826675,
-0.12624964118003845,
0.029758600518107414,
0.08820533752441406,
-0.003968314733356237,
0.003960452042520046,
-0.018671561032533646,
0.014401745982468128,
-0.006663380656391382,
8.718710476671025e-34,
-0.029653050005435944,
-0.033768948167562485,
-0.013874049298465252,
0.004708799067884684,
-0.004651281051337719,
0.018964262679219246,
-0.010328310541808605,
0.10758683830499649,
0.05602536350488663,
0.06791206449270248,
-0.042656347155570984,
0.0816451758146286,
0.008292015641927719,
-0.006202095653861761,
0.03437114134430885,
0.010490108281373978,
0.012433208525180817,
0.010251039639115334,
-0.00848360825330019,
0.014492819085717201,
0.0076774912886321545,
-0.027242891490459442,
0.024297555908560753,
-0.029314177110791206,
0.002850700868293643,
-0.07047180831432343,
-0.059629037976264954,
-0.010308089666068554,
-0.010377517901360989,
0.043090272694826126,
0.04085719957947731,
0.0041732885874807835,
0.034694742411375046,
0.006807743106037378,
-0.023783674463629723,
-0.013829641975462437,
-0.098066046833992,
0.008729634806513786,
-0.04660381004214287,
-0.07936771959066391,
-0.09883881360292435,
0.008855556137859821,
-0.01937033422291279,
0.07146134972572327,
0.03902578726410866,
0.05047345161437988,
0.05896240472793579,
-0.08305913954973221,
0.04686608538031578,
0.06854160875082016,
0.011931054294109344,
0.0499720498919487,
0.08505625277757645,
-0.009907390922307968,
-0.001796652446500957,
-0.052463941276073456,
-0.003858918324112892,
0.03233762085437775,
0.04408591613173485,
0.0013640200486406684,
-0.08721203356981277,
0.07358620315790176,
-0.03527753800153732,
0.07014555484056473,
-0.027324315160512924,
0.01606813631951809,
-0.05488282069563866,
0.04350733384490013,
0.03131968528032303,
-0.06127403676509857,
-0.02000030316412449,
-0.0009663528180681169,
0.024730969220399857,
-0.015681907534599304,
-0.09279542416334152,
-0.017858680337667465,
0.06499216705560684,
0.09720882028341293,
0.00890270248055458,
-0.09669437259435654,
-0.09051143378019333,
0.05234282463788986,
0.03666741028428078,
-0.02583228424191475,
-0.025420458987355232,
-0.03910898044705391,
0.021932657808065414,
-0.01665378175675869,
0.052877359092235565,
0.030454596504569054,
-0.04568618908524513,
0.009944109246134758,
-0.08472108840942383,
0.09825016558170319,
0.12031629681587219,
-3.266089747924617e-33,
-0.02481427788734436,
0.010059976018965244,
-0.07479182630777359,
0.014558021910488605,
-0.0018455644603818655,
-0.0020635516848415136,
-0.012689321301877499,
-0.10259547084569931,
0.002730675507336855,
-0.05675610154867172,
-0.04293106496334076,
-0.06718385219573975,
-0.022063590586185455,
-0.04222038760781288,
-0.009938702918589115,
-0.02326931804418564,
-0.023579174652695656,
-0.043306827545166016,
-0.05375349149107933,
0.03268348053097725,
0.07343257963657379,
0.05131370946764946,
-0.060561586171388626,
-0.014461901038885117,
-0.006238168571144342,
0.07040297240018845,
-0.05221368744969368,
-0.03376922383904457,
0.02965032495558262,
-0.009663926437497139,
0.01717260479927063,
-0.006704730447381735,
-0.1127769723534584,
0.036598190665245056,
0.037162043154239655,
-0.10610896348953247,
0.037503957748413086,
0.050981227308511734,
-0.0640101209282875,
0.035233017057180405,
0.0391143299639225,
0.02780061587691307,
-0.024013003334403038,
0.0734831765294075,
0.003317579161375761,
-0.05168173462152481,
0.04222169518470764,
-0.16176700592041016,
0.07822280377149582,
-0.022054357454180717,
-0.022265763953328133,
-0.006790412589907646,
0.08032292872667313,
0.025415677577257156,
0.0051953550428152084,
-0.002861989662051201,
0.043309204280376434,
-0.0709850937128067,
-0.018280768766999245,
0.06566078215837479,
0.1332424283027649,
0.05030880495905876,
0.018103139474987984,
-0.011142900213599205,
0.04192979633808136,
0.04037624970078468,
0.014147970825433731,
0.0066913459450006485,
0.06139951944351196,
0.0012816558592021465,
0.03399951756000519,
-0.09293641895055771,
0.01147605199366808,
-0.08269219100475311,
0.04836679622530937,
-0.008112466894090176,
0.010243895463645458,
-0.06370308995246887,
-0.06377886235713959,
-0.0006183414370752871,
-0.005930289626121521,
-0.003055633744224906,
-0.004957117140293121,
0.0025128149427473545,
0.008454715833067894,
0.005067748948931694,
0.046387266367673874,
-0.03620452433824539,
0.045650314539670944,
0.009270929731428623,
-0.030408142134547234,
-0.025127526372671127,
0.020924072712659836,
0.023410281166434288,
-0.06521466374397278,
-6.401536722933088e-8,
-0.05898943915963173,
-0.03128746151924133,
-0.01974279247224331,
0.021030500531196594,
0.05888915807008743,
-0.08686771988868713,
-0.023533649742603302,
-0.02244551293551922,
-0.08385608345270157,
0.045325715094804764,
0.10452371835708618,
-0.0332816056907177,
-0.0939207449555397,
-0.00789148174226284,
0.001049361890181899,
-0.028087008744478226,
-0.029479939490556717,
-0.01812528446316719,
-0.0657973438501358,
0.015067252330482006,
-0.012882160022854805,
-0.00004182002157904208,
-0.10185963660478592,
-0.03345954418182373,
0.0008813966996967793,
-0.04313814267516136,
-0.014100740663707256,
0.0722493901848793,
0.0335969403386116,
0.12351489067077637,
0.021401505917310715,
0.03856431320309639,
-0.0007106925477273762,
-0.020993547514081,
-0.031667355448007584,
0.011309954337775707,
0.02680218778550625,
-0.05333564430475235,
0.01711016334593296,
-0.011681938543915749,
-0.0014379190979525447,
0.08342389762401581,
0.04755506291985512,
0.05119903013110161,
0.05969077721238136,
0.011039484292268753,
-0.10210252553224564,
-0.05087120831012726,
0.020617162808775902,
-0.000876909529324621,
0.008707456290721893,
-0.008271289989352226,
0.035274967551231384,
0.13527387380599976,
0.025094326585531235,
-0.05521795526146889,
0.024303343147039413,
-0.07061873376369476,
-0.05390958860516548,
-0.0080649983137846,
-0.0055582402274012566,
-0.07239355146884918,
0.03880695626139641,
0.015102148056030273
] | {
"pdf_file": "KYL4ATEPT72QYDBMYMCWXM2N7EJA2DMS.pdf",
"text": "Comptroller Gmenral\nof the Ualt.4 States\nWnh} elmton, D.C, 20648\nDecision\nMatter of MUil-Base Industries, Inc.\nFile: B-269949\nDate: January 23, 1995\nDECISION\nMlU-Base Industries, Inc. protests the award of a contract to A.I.W, Alton by the.\nDefense General Supply Center, Defense Logistics Agency (DLA), under solicitation\nNo. SP0440-94-R-1128. MU-Base challenges the determination that A.I.W. Alton is a\nresponsible contractor.\nWe dismiss the protest.\nA determination that a bidder or 6f.eror is capable of perforning a contract is\nbased, in large measure, on subjective Judgments which gederally are not\nsusceptible to'reasoned review, Whether the'awaidee had the ability and intention\nof complying with the requirements Is slnipl'y a matter for thedcontracting officer, in\nthe exercise of her discretionary business Jildgthent, to consider in making the\nrespai&f.it.. detetrdna tion. An agency's atftiuiative determinztion of a\ncontracto ds respofsibiliy:Y illnot be reviewed by our Office absent a showing of\npossible 1ud or bad faith' on the part of proclirement officials, or that definitive\nresponsibity cuiteri& in the solicitation may haye been misap'plied. 4 C.F.R.\n§ 21.3(m)(5); MngFiru Co.,- B'-2'36587,2, Feb. 12, 1990, 90-1 CPD 1 177, WhUe MUl-\nBase alleges that a more thorough investigation or pte-award survey would have\nshown that A.I.W. Alton was not responsible, thai, even if true. does not establish\nthat the agency may have acted fraudulUntly or in bad faith. It Is simply' up to the\nagency, which must bear the burden of deficient contract performance, to decide\nwhat is necessary in order to determine if a bidder or offeror Is capable of\nperforming the contract. DLA's approach--which did not include a pre-award\nsurvey-therefore is a permissible one and provides no basis for our review of this\nmuatter.\nRonald Berger\nAssociate General Counsel\n"
} |
[
-0.10296907275915146,
0.0069489371962845325,
0.07042935490608215,
-0.0007095154142007232,
0.03619926795363426,
0.07319580763578415,
-0.03867480158805847,
-0.012432090006768703,
-0.041203103959560394,
-0.011316045187413692,
-0.03990130499005318,
0.09297315776348114,
-0.003998446278274059,
-0.046196598559617996,
0.003390585072338581,
-0.022661449387669563,
0.12465555965900421,
0.0032226890325546265,
-0.027336353436112404,
-0.00009489934745943174,
0.09313993901014328,
0.043066490441560745,
0.04673803597688675,
0.125129833817482,
0.04650072753429413,
0.05064679682254791,
0.031117985025048256,
-0.05735793709754944,
-0.04470011964440346,
0.009587815031409264,
-0.011199252679944038,
-0.0042259045876562595,
0.050002068281173706,
0.014765729196369648,
0.013621648773550987,
-0.0046049137599766254,
0.1391349881887436,
0.013319365680217743,
-0.08078481256961823,
0.017745116725564003,
-0.03740285336971283,
-0.03129874914884567,
0.009091312065720558,
-0.019933342933654785,
-0.008879994973540306,
0.03157482668757439,
-0.03408849239349365,
-0.0660281628370285,
-0.06887441128492355,
0.012904833070933819,
-0.00784370955079794,
0.02933712862432003,
0.011981991119682789,
0.03705965355038643,
0.020410438999533653,
0.08891118317842484,
-0.005388112273067236,
-0.043055322021245956,
-0.018988601863384247,
0.07978923618793488,
-0.07689575105905533,
-0.07725925743579865,
-0.0027207082603126764,
0.0221885833889246,
0.11667072027921677,
-0.005187242291867733,
-0.07255718857049942,
-0.08457700908184052,
-0.02818654291331768,
-0.03951060026884079,
-0.011722910217940807,
0.01966678351163864,
0.09252108633518219,
0.00880368985235691,
0.03285215422511101,
-0.016809845343232155,
0.03843119740486145,
0.09107495844364166,
0.12394127994775772,
-0.030483588576316833,
0.012550613842904568,
-0.024450328201055527,
0.013669796288013458,
-0.0052589732222259045,
-0.03663839399814606,
-0.041389551013708115,
-0.0464598648250103,
-0.014873900450766087,
-0.013703175820410252,
-0.052382949739694595,
-0.0003090580285061151,
-0.021961694583296776,
0.026825513690710068,
0.008304685354232788,
0.024904677644371986,
0.02632397972047329,
-0.03682943060994148,
-0.10100959986448288,
0.01320003904402256,
0.042433079332113266,
0.0006828265613876283,
0.08822356909513474,
0.03286600112915039,
-0.04882469028234482,
-0.025037052109837532,
-0.07096543163061142,
0.06498683989048004,
0.03502938151359558,
-0.08222073316574097,
0.02469252236187458,
0.029465923085808754,
-0.07791363447904587,
0.04662584885954857,
-0.008389526978135109,
-0.041234340518713,
-0.026394570246338844,
0.07640643417835236,
-0.07565535604953766,
0.04483698680996895,
-0.0508815199136734,
0.024027422070503235,
-0.020566677674651146,
-0.002841266570612788,
-0.12200722843408585,
0.05834440141916275,
-0.022997751832008362,
-0.04034721106290817,
2.2402898272337478e-33,
-0.048721905797719955,
0.050925031304359436,
-0.012202145531773567,
0.02146192453801632,
0.007639555260539055,
-0.03542662039399147,
0.04579322412610054,
0.003945017699152231,
0.043000269681215286,
0.0056863147765398026,
0.06747756153345108,
0.07822476327419281,
0.060753799974918365,
0.0198938250541687,
-0.08256063610315323,
-0.012698963284492493,
-0.08091981709003448,
0.07591782510280609,
-0.0590423122048378,
0.018328428268432617,
0.032184552401304245,
-0.010279932990670204,
0.028232645243406296,
0.007890366017818451,
-0.03403911739587784,
0.002854331163689494,
-0.0902794748544693,
-0.007705974392592907,
-0.01814752258360386,
-0.0064160642214119434,
0.1650831550359726,
-0.031021365895867348,
-0.022444143891334534,
-0.03845739737153053,
-0.08784618973731995,
-0.013708138838410378,
0.037632618099451065,
-0.045259762555360794,
-0.04982402175664902,
-0.0035668418277055025,
0.014019529335200787,
0.06919112056493759,
0.0862274169921875,
0.0021903193555772305,
0.03930242732167244,
0.025695962831377983,
0.08010561019182205,
0.056432127952575684,
0.031406503170728683,
0.05516683682799339,
0.023296069353818893,
-0.03585192188620567,
-0.030390629544854164,
-0.0895463228225708,
-0.06614141166210175,
-0.06572803109884262,
0.024988049641251564,
-0.007455477025359869,
0.03649088367819786,
-0.09598372131586075,
-0.020165633410215378,
0.023301327601075172,
-0.09724849462509155,
-0.02195574715733528,
-0.08112113177776337,
-0.019105467945337296,
-0.05557946115732193,
-0.034767743200063705,
0.042884502559900284,
0.027428947389125824,
0.0689697265625,
-0.05094165727496147,
0.005855896044522524,
0.049358852207660675,
-0.005984384100884199,
-0.006321091204881668,
0.03453124314546585,
-0.041110165417194366,
0.004612889140844345,
-0.05283762887120247,
0.07752815634012222,
-0.05562660098075867,
0.08628083765506744,
0.0032503672409802675,
0.02149621769785881,
-0.030292591080069542,
-0.017295505851507187,
-0.0055413576774299145,
0.013641252182424068,
-0.0012645493261516094,
0.04202454164624214,
-0.003293624147772789,
0.07510095834732056,
0.07651268690824509,
-0.018971862271428108,
-1.4400886701362802e-33,
-0.007240203209221363,
0.04172208160161972,
-0.13874411582946777,
0.03166564553976059,
0.004108739085495472,
0.02930297516286373,
0.0196845605969429,
-0.0992494747042656,
0.06577016413211823,
-0.13336633145809174,
0.03410851210355759,
0.012011248618364334,
0.08716519176959991,
-0.01520059909671545,
0.0007961896480992436,
-0.020142843946814537,
0.04106026887893677,
0.00047058239579200745,
0.012304121628403664,
-0.00023083837004378438,
0.05999279394745827,
0.08845691382884979,
-0.03631700202822685,
0.03820814564824104,
-0.005165875423699617,
0.009428594261407852,
0.06521568447351456,
0.03911452740430832,
0.04556790366768837,
0.024041594937443733,
0.00875212624669075,
-0.11826060712337494,
-0.02157049998641014,
0.08432813733816147,
-0.019464664161205292,
-0.053507398813962936,
-0.052476391196250916,
-0.003296728478744626,
-0.10870999097824097,
0.013354578986763954,
0.11730879545211792,
-0.03691738098859787,
-0.05825486779212952,
0.04978470504283905,
-0.04950336739420891,
0.057100456207990646,
0.013151739723980427,
-0.0216236412525177,
-0.03469815477728844,
0.015720291063189507,
-0.03397244215011597,
-0.0685243010520935,
0.02453189343214035,
0.02134273387491703,
0.04253736883401871,
0.08274420350790024,
-0.019557297229766846,
-0.0416221022605896,
0.02880323864519596,
0.04528801888227463,
0.01776689849793911,
0.0596793107688427,
0.009380878880620003,
0.007352599874138832,
0.040712159126996994,
-0.0018303956603631377,
-0.15807558596134186,
-0.040106575936079025,
0.03423827514052391,
0.004838051274418831,
-0.05007225275039673,
-0.03203523904085159,
0.039118874818086624,
-0.0730692520737648,
-0.0666339248418808,
0.03166637197136879,
0.02358631044626236,
0.04083489999175072,
-0.08534973114728928,
0.055247895419597626,
-0.07644595205783844,
-0.05933084338903427,
-0.049703214317560196,
-0.013675224035978317,
0.013042948208749294,
-0.007494751363992691,
-0.016092702746391296,
0.0316505953669548,
0.05937627702951431,
0.047108765691518784,
-0.029039375483989716,
0.04199574887752533,
-0.020798437297344208,
0.02824500948190689,
0.047239962965250015,
-4.7494133070813405e-8,
0.11738836020231247,
-0.05735435336828232,
-0.01203939039260149,
0.08442867547273636,
0.027348078787326813,
-0.034663304686546326,
0.04832366853952408,
-0.06699608266353607,
-0.020796924829483032,
0.09269975125789642,
0.03951055556535721,
0.026617716997861862,
-0.011541281826794147,
-0.09721050411462784,
0.07784470915794373,
-0.0009270172449760139,
-0.0042585511691868305,
0.03615638241171837,
-0.06259554624557495,
0.04486534744501114,
-0.010088986717164516,
-0.03796307370066643,
0.0360955074429512,
-0.0021425632294267416,
0.0015631952555850148,
0.06577364355325699,
0.03707268089056015,
0.02974465861916542,
-0.01574033312499523,
0.0029398202896118164,
-0.022462300956249237,
0.03373153135180473,
-0.02526671625673771,
-0.01705106534063816,
-0.04907090961933136,
-0.018983017653226852,
-0.05835267901420593,
0.08102905750274658,
0.005062476731836796,
-0.011438431218266487,
-0.020248327404260635,
-0.031670913100242615,
-0.03411000594496727,
0.021876711398363113,
-0.0018429469782859087,
-0.025092314928770065,
-0.14156055450439453,
-0.01467277854681015,
0.039376597851514816,
-0.03231368586421013,
-0.08575183153152466,
-0.03926454484462738,
-0.006641637999564409,
-0.03159438818693161,
0.038658734411001205,
0.008704465813934803,
0.0009012024383991957,
-0.08961481600999832,
-0.021278761327266693,
0.024997791275382042,
0.10658679157495499,
0.0802154466509819,
-0.0191973764449358,
0.036404065787792206
] | {
"pdf_file": "SCOEDSFG5RRJWEVGHSI3WOE3YPDSBVKA.pdf",
"text": " \n1 H.RES. 1013 – EXPRESSING THE SENSE OF CONGRESS THAT \nPROVIDING BREAKFAST IN SCHOOLS THROUGH THE NATIONAL \nSCHOOL BREAKFAST PROGRAM HA S A POSITIVE IMPACT ON \nCLASSROOM PERFORMANCE \n \nFLOOR SITUATION \nH.Res. 1013 is being considered on the floor under suspension of the rules and will require a two-thirds \nmajority vote for passage. This legislation was in troduced by Representative Gwen Moore (D-WI) on \nMarch 4, 2008. The resolution was referred to the House Committee on Education and Labor on March 4, \n2008, but was never considered. \n \nH.Res. 1013 is expected to be considered on the floor of the House on March 5, 2008. \n \nSUMMARY \nH.Res. 1013 resolves that the House of Representatives: \n Recognizes the importance of the National Scho ol Breakfast Program and its overall positive \neffect on the lives of low-income children and familie s, as well as its effect on helping to improve \na child's overall classroom performance; \n \n Expresses support for States that have successf ully implemented school breakfast programs in \norder to improve the test scores and gr ades of its participating students; and \n \n Encourages states to strengthen their school breakfast programs by improving access for \nstudents, to promote improvements in the nutrition al quality of breakfasts served, and to inform \nstudents and parents of healthy nutritional and lifestyle choices. \n \nBACKGROUND \nThe School Breakfast Program (SBP) was established in 1966 under the Child Nutrition Act of 1966 as a \ntwo-year pilot project designed to provide categori cal grants to assist schools serving breakfasts to \nschools located in poor areas or in areas where childre n had to travel a great distance to school. During \nthe first year of operation, the SBP served ab out 80,000 children at a federal cost of $573,000. \n \nIn 2006, over 7.7 million students in the U.S. ate fr ee or reduced-price school breakfasts provided under \nthe National School Breakfast Program established by section 4 of the Child Nutrition Act of 1966. \nHowever, less than half of the low-in come students who participate in the National School Lunch Program \nalso participate in the school breakfast program. Studies suggest that eating breakfast closer to classroom and test-taking time improves student \nperformance on standardized tests relative to students who skip breakfast or have breakfast at home. \nSTAFF CONTACT \n \nFor questions or further information contact Justin Hanson at (202) 226-2302. \n \n "
} |
[
-0.09556236118078232,
-0.006996859796345234,
-0.0685645192861557,
-0.0324808731675148,
-0.016528788954019547,
0.05224002152681351,
0.02274814061820507,
-0.011097053065896034,
0.007528536953032017,
0.023874783888459206,
-0.02326885610818863,
-0.03937321901321411,
0.015197069384157658,
0.017415141686797142,
-0.06397884339094162,
-0.06261099129915237,
-0.011255528777837753,
0.005495340563356876,
-0.019069712609052658,
0.05397116392850876,
0.00684803631156683,
0.061217475682497025,
0.0012289576698094606,
0.01608971692621708,
-0.005930927582085133,
-0.035031240433454514,
-0.012979251332581043,
-0.09760851413011551,
-0.050939980894327164,
-0.05248132720589638,
-0.06078837066888809,
-0.03071676753461361,
0.019530611112713814,
0.07216482609510422,
0.046313993632793427,
0.022850090637803078,
-0.04950987547636032,
-0.0011068261228501797,
0.009724779054522514,
-0.021685153245925903,
0.02642017975449562,
0.02143513783812523,
0.048030734062194824,
0.01774572767317295,
-0.004843521397560835,
-0.037672389298677444,
0.07775604724884033,
-0.0003926434146706015,
-0.10638195276260376,
0.020928556099534035,
0.06630773097276688,
-0.025749756023287773,
0.031033407896757126,
0.04727284610271454,
0.014559292234480381,
-0.03910217434167862,
-0.0523860901594162,
-0.05193974822759628,
-0.06923265010118484,
0.08106005191802979,
0.04967891797423363,
-0.017401689663529396,
-0.07972016930580139,
0.0216118972748518,
0.012665131129324436,
0.017486829310655594,
0.039821747690439224,
0.027663160115480423,
-0.03008054383099079,
-0.046247147023677826,
0.0740407407283783,
-0.06321017444133759,
-0.04530024528503418,
0.047926850616931915,
-0.0010382250184193254,
0.0410102978348732,
0.04980161041021347,
0.06637845933437347,
0.05842602625489235,
-0.08084233105182648,
0.043113648891448975,
-0.0012050133664160967,
-0.041500456631183624,
-0.058400221168994904,
-0.0060812849551439285,
-0.016979258507490158,
-0.02802276983857155,
-0.04956132918596268,
0.09113000333309174,
0.020163750275969505,
0.09237092733383179,
0.021893639117479324,
0.15885019302368164,
-0.050700653344392776,
0.012064174748957157,
0.02177433669567108,
-0.007861346937716007,
0.012668285518884659,
-0.026309838518500328,
0.02841789275407791,
0.09420474618673325,
0.07107286155223846,
-0.1100904792547226,
-0.007608665619045496,
-0.04676741734147072,
-0.03137402981519699,
0.04119741916656494,
-0.005556777119636536,
-0.061319880187511444,
0.10926080495119095,
0.0036010488402098417,
0.07427635043859482,
-0.018696965649724007,
-0.09908739477396011,
-0.032099418342113495,
0.002078562043607235,
-0.048257213085889816,
0.012009174562990665,
0.10677352547645569,
-0.10466106235980988,
-0.060480352491140366,
0.07819508016109467,
-0.04359389841556549,
-0.03155365213751793,
0.009636967442929745,
-0.0002784164098557085,
-0.08680582791566849,
4.3254026452154454e-33,
-0.03367476537823677,
0.027729211375117302,
-0.046759702265262604,
-0.016240820288658142,
0.013265972957015038,
0.07077917456626892,
-0.0018387597519904375,
-0.025154689326882362,
-0.039626073092222214,
0.03284315764904022,
-0.034062743186950684,
0.059680163860321045,
-0.013364174403250217,
-0.08303240686655045,
-0.035076722502708435,
0.0470324382185936,
0.01647305302321911,
0.03840985149145126,
0.043697141110897064,
0.03570980206131935,
0.06310489028692245,
0.021919533610343933,
0.05516558513045311,
0.04519358277320862,
-0.0015718968352302909,
-0.04003336280584335,
-0.09794824570417404,
-0.032234858721494675,
-0.03409946709871292,
0.026234835386276245,
-0.015075660310685635,
0.03782658651471138,
0.14768202602863312,
0.01519824843853712,
0.0834047719836235,
0.03994256258010864,
-0.039171770215034485,
-0.0036157318390905857,
0.0018596514128148556,
0.045036766678094864,
0.05115170776844025,
0.05055383965373039,
-0.02909030392765999,
0.012080693617463112,
0.0023268479853868484,
-0.008222178556025028,
-0.01695713959634304,
0.06552664935588837,
-0.029210003092885017,
-0.026123812422156334,
0.04475542530417442,
0.033127449452877045,
-0.06204042211174965,
-0.00025652075419202447,
-0.032362960278987885,
0.007274325471371412,
0.0007179047097451985,
-0.033240675926208496,
0.05111457407474518,
-0.029720500111579895,
0.009042146615684032,
0.029213368892669678,
-0.046896468847990036,
-0.0036680768243968487,
-0.11059317737817764,
0.024971436709165573,
-0.08143377304077148,
0.07209253311157227,
0.01254645362496376,
-0.015779003500938416,
-0.014520944096148014,
0.004244225099682808,
-0.03299413248896599,
-0.03416476771235466,
0.02936752513051033,
-0.05851743370294571,
0.018974831327795982,
0.059488750994205475,
-0.03217583894729614,
-0.029354600235819817,
-0.026659727096557617,
-0.013904985040426254,
0.11606655269861221,
0.06634586304426193,
-0.015941143035888672,
-0.0037424422334879637,
0.07701096683740616,
0.011347263120114803,
0.044775743037462234,
0.020872017368674278,
0.06147610768675804,
0.003996651619672775,
0.017602641135454178,
-0.011412983760237694,
0.04699064418673515,
-5.3511140364880185e-33,
-0.041487857699394226,
-0.06780853867530823,
-0.01777750626206398,
-0.10550086200237274,
-0.035273414105176926,
-0.04183152690529823,
0.04744759947061539,
-0.0678955540060997,
-0.028408167883753777,
-0.085211381316185,
-0.0017166226170957088,
-0.04329042509198189,
-0.015828462317585945,
-0.003861755132675171,
0.02703598141670227,
0.00845271348953247,
0.06345993280410767,
0.029084911569952965,
-0.06398380547761917,
-0.04530279338359833,
0.03163670748472214,
0.006564123556017876,
0.026638098061084747,
0.04465136677026749,
-0.04501104727387428,
-0.057520754635334015,
0.03108111210167408,
-0.031057246029376984,
0.04374612867832184,
0.0276247076690197,
-0.029550321400165558,
0.029467280954122543,
-0.07852094620466232,
0.10068537294864655,
-0.10398253053426743,
-0.10520197451114655,
0.061861660331487656,
-0.013405424542725086,
-0.054178159683942795,
-0.009197215549647808,
0.060606859624385834,
0.07602927833795547,
-0.11597925424575806,
0.05249614641070366,
-0.06754600256681442,
-0.03908522427082062,
-0.04492376744747162,
-0.008272001519799232,
-0.06268380582332611,
-0.009591909125447273,
0.01515152957290411,
-0.07356204837560654,
0.08300664275884628,
0.03855273500084877,
0.021442526951432228,
0.06318492442369461,
0.0697437971830368,
-0.02229255437850952,
0.11390756815671921,
0.016437647864222527,
-0.0054342844523489475,
0.04121240973472595,
-0.06910355389118195,
0.03865926340222359,
0.1227942556142807,
-0.03934794291853905,
-0.049230191856622696,
0.01818583905696869,
0.016262942925095558,
-0.01864432729780674,
0.021803762763738632,
-0.05108579620718956,
-0.061894021928310394,
-0.04419543594121933,
-0.062185753136873245,
0.07564952224493027,
-0.044679466634988785,
-0.05721598491072655,
-0.010857359506189823,
0.041089724749326706,
-0.0013530035503208637,
-0.01614016480743885,
0.04722438007593155,
0.048245325684547424,
0.057411786168813705,
-0.012400565668940544,
0.0777178630232811,
-0.011025971733033657,
0.012094728648662567,
0.08537032455205917,
-0.09786926954984665,
-0.033896222710609436,
0.011117185465991497,
-0.0320444218814373,
0.057091325521469116,
-5.4003823635184744e-8,
-0.10572927445173264,
-0.038736600428819656,
-0.09831172227859497,
0.02548537775874138,
0.030308037996292114,
0.03553462401032448,
-0.027389058843255043,
0.0250077024102211,
-0.0030204723589122295,
-0.032299261540174484,
0.12974762916564941,
0.037415627390146255,
-0.04894084855914116,
-0.008943477645516396,
-0.029136238619685173,
0.04500861093401909,
-0.010303361341357231,
0.05556552857160568,
-0.010118208825588226,
0.03284082189202309,
-0.09859851002693176,
0.0842755064368248,
-0.06714120507240295,
0.004666981287300587,
-0.06548008322715759,
-0.032858338207006454,
-0.0029245871119201183,
0.14662164449691772,
0.06084301695227623,
-0.013421623967587948,
-0.049041882157325745,
-0.06823194026947021,
0.08149272948503494,
-0.02922108955681324,
-0.02268093079328537,
0.057739946991205215,
0.025985535234212875,
-0.04827611893415451,
-0.004178900737315416,
0.05746886506676674,
0.0000041885878090397455,
0.020351508632302284,
0.0031933633144944906,
0.07142169028520584,
-0.019129781052470207,
-0.07225041836500168,
-0.1069936603307724,
-0.01147167943418026,
0.04147142544388771,
-0.05967327207326889,
-0.01632251776754856,
0.014859531074762344,
-0.000053593739721691236,
0.060720302164554596,
0.051338378340005875,
-0.06519398093223572,
-0.028215564787387848,
-0.014104829169809818,
-0.13652358949184418,
0.021813850849866867,
0.05958900600671768,
-0.02936672419309616,
0.04305114224553108,
-0.00249684602022171
] | {
"pdf_file": "WYIDAT7X2DXYMKGRFAXDEAA2EJF23GRQ.pdf",
"text": "07/19'/2002 b4: 04 FAX \n 20Y37111i14u .> \nr.. \n-. \nCUNA & \nAffiliates \nVIA FACSIMILE (202) 622-1657 \nJuly 19, 2002 \nChief of Records \nOffice of Foreign Assets Control \nDepartment of the Treasury \n1500 Pennsylvania Avenue, NW \nWashington, DC 20220 \nATTN: Request for Comments \nRe: Proposed Rule - Disclosure of OFAC Penalties \nDear Sir or Madam: \nThe Credit Union National Association (CUNA) appreciates the opportunity to \ncomment on the proposed rule regarding the public disclosure of penalties that \nare \nimpased by the Office of Foreign Assets Control (OFAC), which appeared in \nthe federal \n Registeron June 19,2002. CUNA represents more than 90 percent \nof our nation's 10,500 state and federal credit unions. \nSummary of CUNA's Position \nCUNA does not support the current proposal regarding the public disclosure \nof OFAC penalties. We have always been concerned that the ever-increasing \ncomplexity of the OFAC sanctions programs raises the risk that entities may \nmistakenly violate the requirements. Publicly disclosing such violations would \naggravate this potential problem by ruining the reputation of those entities that \nwould be affected. \nIf OFAC proceeds with this rule regarding the public disclosure of penalties, \nwe suggest that OFAC provide the affected parties a period of time, such as \nninety days \n or more, so that they can correct the violation. If the penalty is \nultimately disclosed, this would also provide these entities with a \nreasonable \nopportunity to advise their members or customers of the circumstances of the \nsituation and to persuade them not to take unnecessary actions to alter their \nrelationships with the institution. 07/'119/200'2 04: 04 FAX 2023718240 \n.L ' - - CZrNA \nUnder the proposed rule, OFAC will disclose to the public certain information \nabout civil penalties that are imposed, as well as informal settlements. This \ninformation will be disclosed periodically, which will be at least on a quarterly \nbasis. \nCUNA recognizes that the goal of the proposed rule is to provide more \ninformation to the public in order to promote greater awareness of its \nenforcement activities and to encourage greater compliance with the OFAC \nsanctions program. Although we generally support efforts in favor of transparent \ngovernment and disclosure of violations of law, we believe that disclosing \ninformation about OFAC penalties may unfairly impact some of the entities that \nare listed. \nThe burdens of complying with the OFAC sanctions program are already quite \nsubstantial, which includes significant monitoring of an ever-changing list of \nterrorist or money laundering suspects, as well as very steep penalties for \nnoncompliance. Although most large financial institutions use specialized \nsoftware to filter or track transactions for purposes of OFAC compliance, such \nsofhvare is prohibitively expensive for many small credit unions. \nm 002 \nPublic disclosure of OFAC violations would add even more to this substantial \nburden for any credit union that may have inadvertently violated an OFAC \nrequirement. We have always been concerned that the ever-increasing \ncomplexity of the OFAC sanctions programs raises the risk that entities may \nmistakenly violate the requirements. Publicly disclosing such violations would \naggravate this potential problem by ruining the reputation of those entities that \nwould be affected. \nFor credit unions, the consequences would be severe. If a credit union \ninadvertently violated an OFAC reporting requirement, the public disclosure of \nsuch a violation may cause members to lose confidence in their credit union. \nSevere liquidity problems could result if a number of credit union members were \nto terminate their membership or otherwise withdraw funds from their accounts. \nThis would not only impact the credit union, but the members would be adversely \nimpacted by the resulting fear that they may experience and the inconvenience of \naltering their financial accounts. \nSuch public disclosure may actually exacerbate the current situation resulting \nfrom the crisis of confidence that now exists in our economy as a result of a \nnumber of accounting scandals affecting a growing number of large corporations. \nAlthough we certainly support disclosing the actions of guilty parties, we believe \nthat the harm caused to credit unions and their members by disclosing \ninadvertent OFAC violations outweighs the possible benefit that the rest of the \npublic would receive from such disclosures, which we believe would be \ninsignificant. Also, the penalties that these credit unions would have to bear will \nbe substantial, regardless of whether they are publicly disclosed, and these 07/f9/2002 04:04 FAX 2023718240 .z . b . r.. \n.r. \n 3 \n6 CUNA \npenalties will provide sufficient incentive for credit unions to avoid future, \ninadvertent violations. \nIf OFAC proceeds with this rule regarding the public disclosure of penalties, we \nsuggest that OFAC provide the affected parties a period of time, such as ninety \ndays or more, so that they can correct the violation in order to avoid public \ndisclosure. If the disclosure would still have to be made public, this period of \ntime would also provide these entities with a reasonable opportunity to advise \ntheir members or customers of the circumstances of the situation and to \npersuade them not to take actions to alter their relationships with the institution. \nThank you for the opportunity to comment on the proposed rule regarding the \npublic disclosure of OFAC penalties. If you or other staff have questions about \nour comments, please give Associate General Counsel Mary Dunn or me a call \nat 1-800-356-9655. \nSincerely, \nJeffrey Bloch \nAssistant General Counsel "
} |
[
0.0025317606050521135,
-0.03822828456759453,
0.039296600967645645,
-0.10700268298387527,
0.0017334427684545517,
-0.08327795565128326,
-0.01259626168757677,
-0.004307371564209461,
-0.04639538750052452,
-0.006605880334973335,
-0.03165966272354126,
0.004715305287390947,
0.02970174327492714,
-0.028728613629937172,
0.05146501213312149,
0.004796082153916359,
0.04996506869792938,
-0.1325637698173523,
-0.06707160919904709,
0.019005289301276207,
0.10232125967741013,
0.03899103030562401,
-0.05883687362074852,
-0.004768433514982462,
-0.03971831500530243,
-0.06348700076341629,
-0.02551688626408577,
0.020817941054701805,
0.023870280012488365,
-0.01856835000216961,
-0.024172605946660042,
0.08717401325702667,
-0.007187345530837774,
-0.005930870305746794,
0.11205781996250153,
0.0006568277021870017,
0.003488776506856084,
0.015394563786685467,
0.010809973813593388,
-0.033141445368528366,
0.0746801421046257,
-0.11058244109153748,
-0.02150757983326912,
0.07476195693016052,
0.011654691770672798,
-0.049946557730436325,
-0.039512015879154205,
0.026423737406730652,
-0.051185570657253265,
0.03180669620633125,
0.0010675154626369476,
-0.013230374082922935,
0.0001606551668373868,
0.06166031211614609,
-0.07027807831764221,
0.02595430240035057,
-0.05064072087407112,
0.05332048982381821,
-0.044693898409605026,
-0.0317729227244854,
0.019792284816503525,
-0.028368426486849785,
-0.04635637626051903,
0.053235333412885666,
0.0022003641352057457,
0.04467884823679924,
-0.03618841618299484,
-0.01425701193511486,
0.007906072773039341,
-0.11644198000431061,
0.012732280418276787,
-0.008253771811723709,
-0.09256026148796082,
0.004897552542388439,
-0.008348611183464527,
0.04874512180685997,
0.0026446159463375807,
0.10250230133533478,
0.07581640034914017,
-0.09057427942752838,
0.0480983667075634,
0.009355906397104263,
0.0002707428066059947,
-0.003524446627125144,
-0.03303007036447525,
-0.0006298433290794492,
0.010711939074099064,
-0.0001362503389827907,
0.0017441175878047943,
-0.05355452373623848,
0.011569458991289139,
-0.03254988044500351,
0.032914381474256516,
0.05842696502804756,
0.0020072131883352995,
-0.003370643826201558,
-0.04344584792852402,
-0.13192011415958405,
-0.04529159143567085,
0.044886574149131775,
0.03480107709765434,
0.00693107396364212,
-0.06438197195529938,
-0.05193989723920822,
-0.06150257587432861,
-0.044123321771621704,
-0.029915641993284225,
0.03679526969790459,
0.08473315834999084,
0.019052427262067795,
-0.032051265239715576,
0.01038311142474413,
-0.01912887953221798,
-0.018806984648108482,
-0.026042146608233452,
0.029385386034846306,
0.03342587873339653,
0.05680461600422859,
0.07328584045171738,
-0.06301212310791016,
-0.07508410513401031,
-0.030273811891674995,
-0.030063455924391747,
-0.08503873646259308,
0.022921809926629066,
-0.04878821596503258,
-0.029463110491633415,
-2.93768459021345e-34,
-0.05292754992842674,
0.025795044377446175,
-0.03794785961508751,
-0.03364746272563934,
0.04673765227198601,
-0.01532363798469305,
0.04505520313978195,
0.04972144588828087,
-0.07714235782623291,
0.001404075650498271,
-0.07312485575675964,
0.024507883936166763,
0.026860997080802917,
-0.03547748923301697,
0.036459654569625854,
0.03359692171216011,
0.0481993593275547,
0.07748398184776306,
0.015607450157403946,
-0.015237006358802319,
-0.016977787017822266,
-0.024956895038485527,
-0.011213709600269794,
-0.0024834598880261183,
0.08616672456264496,
-0.0942053571343422,
-0.05674072355031967,
0.030436519533395767,
0.06595053523778915,
0.04538017138838768,
0.04913990944623947,
-0.023087894544005394,
0.054906126111745834,
0.0442306324839592,
0.14949434995651245,
0.062062401324510574,
-0.01879601553082466,
-0.09249957650899887,
-0.010070893913507462,
0.02804981917142868,
-0.04959080368280411,
-0.006902220658957958,
-0.06737301498651505,
0.01403825543820858,
-0.015111775137484074,
-0.059283431619405746,
0.030519558116793633,
-0.00011542630090843886,
-0.02754933387041092,
0.06449950486421585,
0.024576349183917046,
0.09930882602930069,
-0.048152416944503784,
-0.02987806871533394,
-0.031233562156558037,
-0.04124128073453903,
-0.017559075728058815,
0.01091350894421339,
0.03862188383936882,
-0.02943824976682663,
-0.003286090213805437,
-0.11174120754003525,
-0.07980800420045853,
0.012051323428750038,
-0.003352039260789752,
-0.07796095311641693,
0.04930843785405159,
-0.04569609835743904,
0.05525131896138191,
0.012781839817762375,
-0.009309625253081322,
-0.053654346615076065,
0.028664911165833473,
0.05663204565644264,
-0.04739116504788399,
-0.043733589351177216,
-0.029302993789315224,
0.09684234857559204,
0.010067353956401348,
0.013288114219903946,
-0.00042123321327380836,
-0.006177383475005627,
-0.09579412639141083,
-0.01147499866783619,
0.0002286152302986011,
0.025008680298924446,
0.04854639247059822,
-0.060870129615068436,
-0.034731175750494,
-0.012859953567385674,
-0.039318572729825974,
0.05532972887158394,
-0.034471720457077026,
0.08921191841363907,
0.07090620696544647,
-1.9233144694566563e-33,
-0.03537847474217415,
-0.04140729084610939,
-0.04639085382223129,
-0.04885301738977432,
-0.02992049604654312,
-0.04041318967938423,
0.10124846547842026,
-0.0031427929643541574,
0.062216512858867645,
-0.026820151135325432,
0.017710840329527855,
-0.02829482965171337,
0.006554114166647196,
-0.00391771225258708,
-0.10044337064027786,
-0.006883260793983936,
0.0034392799716442823,
0.03768004849553108,
0.05279414355754852,
0.09219174832105637,
0.012568303383886814,
0.04900886490941048,
-0.018532326444983482,
0.041458405554294586,
-0.015885120257735252,
0.018173333257436752,
-0.054806891828775406,
-0.040375612676143646,
-0.04386603832244873,
-0.018682101741433144,
-0.05948236957192421,
-0.030982419848442078,
-0.08752173185348511,
-0.02520420029759407,
-0.0787305235862732,
-0.027504952624440193,
0.1567346751689911,
0.03444914519786835,
0.04930572956800461,
-0.00509650120511651,
0.043270546942949295,
-0.0159256961196661,
0.0225349273532629,
-0.04797005653381348,
-0.026087207719683647,
-0.0906301736831665,
0.024873757734894753,
-0.037698160856962204,
-0.07053248584270477,
0.02264661341905594,
0.026581641286611557,
0.006284702569246292,
0.13986757397651672,
0.11199728399515152,
0.04042638838291168,
0.06597551703453064,
0.05099929869174957,
0.0005726114613935351,
-0.006124790292233229,
-0.003638363443315029,
0.06833254545927048,
0.025543171912431717,
-0.038895849138498306,
0.06031491979956627,
0.1670188307762146,
0.01925433799624443,
0.02443573996424675,
-0.040433380752801895,
-0.007907114923000336,
-0.02960035391151905,
-0.09077706933021545,
-0.08762183040380478,
-0.0062447162345051765,
0.011243370361626148,
-0.024565834552049637,
0.0354849249124527,
0.022788982838392258,
-0.009740264154970646,
-0.11023888736963272,
-0.008152185007929802,
-0.05807781219482422,
0.05485554039478302,
-0.05782993510365486,
0.05102640762925148,
0.007841014303267002,
-0.05910896137356758,
0.17745226621627808,
-0.06268402934074402,
-0.01864663138985634,
-0.018474044278264046,
-0.07149666547775269,
0.0090746209025383,
-0.05151872709393501,
0.05290023609995842,
0.01690567657351494,
-5.308661243930146e-8,
0.02760159596800804,
0.023351676762104034,
-0.13500499725341797,
0.030706055462360382,
0.08569902181625366,
0.017315268516540527,
0.004283824469894171,
-0.006552693899720907,
0.0029721660539507866,
-0.055580683052539825,
0.0013814677949994802,
0.009607501327991486,
-0.1264176368713379,
0.019927509129047394,
0.010985651053488255,
-0.05942094326019287,
-0.07686752825975418,
-0.03154037892818451,
-0.06791270524263382,
0.007916994392871857,
0.017008377239108086,
0.02733212523162365,
0.027424287050962448,
0.026647381484508514,
0.03286617249250412,
0.02259695529937744,
0.05776694789528847,
-0.0002999339485540986,
0.03779921680688858,
0.007672834675759077,
-0.057778216898441315,
0.03589162230491638,
-0.0012864518212154508,
-0.0050063468515872955,
-0.0736585184931755,
0.08337274193763733,
0.01840965449810028,
0.02254529297351837,
-0.01894104853272438,
0.039459455758333206,
0.02094293385744095,
0.08205918222665787,
0.05107571557164192,
-0.0057457210496068,
0.15965507924556732,
-0.05149161443114281,
-0.040916819125413895,
0.028413575142621994,
0.05989488959312439,
0.001806632149964571,
-0.041042204946279526,
0.034900832921266556,
0.0028079492039978504,
0.008145233616232872,
0.006368662230670452,
-0.04000098258256912,
-0.007294821552932262,
-0.011503053829073906,
-0.04539117217063904,
0.07623999565839767,
0.045945990830659866,
-0.01750851981341839,
0.03843778371810913,
-0.007133851293474436
] | {
"pdf_file": "X523GQMQOO6J2IFJ534QO3V3HYITF7XF.pdf",
"text": "Broadband USA Applications Database \n Applicant Name: Dotnet Acquisition Company, LLC \n_______________________Public Notice Submissions_______________________ -----Service Area: Green Lake Underserved \n Submitter: Charter Communications \nComment: Charter Communications (‘Charter’), a broadba nd service provider, has invested capital to \nprovide a full range of Broadband services, including High Speed Internet services, in this service area. \nThe applicant’s request in the proposed under-served service area would create an overlap in Charter’s \nservice area. Charter’s response includes the necessary information to validate the overlapping \ncondition as a result of this applicant’s request. \n Submitter: CenturyLink \nComment: CenturyLink is submitting data that shows th e application’s proposed service area is not \nunderserved or unserved, under program guidelines. Ac cordingly, the application must be denied as \nineligible. With limited funding and a large pool of applications, program grants and loans must be \ndirected only to areas that are truly underserved or unserved, as stipulated in the program guidelines. \n CenturyLink can certify that its affiliates currently offer broadband service in some or all of the \napplicant’s proposed service areas. Attached is a state map that is a representative sample of areas \nwhere the application overlaps our existing broadba nd deployment. CenturyLink also provides data \nshowing broadband availability in our local telephone ex changes within the propos ed service areas. We \nwill provide additional information on request if th at will further assist the agency’s review. \n This data is not exhaustive; the application may include other areas also currently served with \nbroadband by other providers, which should be consid ered in the assessment of the application. Our \ndata combined with that of other broadband providers would likely show further duplication and \noverlap of broadband services in the proposed service areas. \n \n "
} |
[
0.005290580913424492,
0.015287690795958042,
0.018935995176434517,
-0.0130938570946455,
-0.0489516407251358,
0.11354218423366547,
0.04658011347055435,
-0.05077647417783737,
-0.016508689150214195,
-0.0008760157506912947,
-0.026002179831266403,
0.019383372738957405,
0.07043389976024628,
-0.12348946183919907,
-0.058455221354961395,
0.06299655884504318,
0.03878675773739815,
-0.03453965112566948,
-0.03921664506196976,
0.008566842414438725,
0.029348289594054222,
0.047935426235198975,
-0.00011888988228747621,
0.05889355018734932,
0.010147287510335445,
0.043308403342962265,
-0.008495978079736233,
-0.021706607192754745,
0.012131248600780964,
0.027701565995812416,
0.02819790504872799,
0.03052552230656147,
0.0018209381960332394,
0.007116106804460287,
-0.007120290771126747,
-0.028699740767478943,
0.06629198789596558,
-0.026940923184156418,
-0.030496688559651375,
-0.028564846143126488,
0.010829244740307331,
-0.04688902571797371,
-0.04407717287540436,
0.03762209787964821,
-0.06957635283470154,
-0.010895383544266224,
-0.013989578932523727,
0.05348842218518257,
-0.05836418271064758,
0.06812622398138046,
0.06773774325847626,
0.03415722772479057,
-0.0044120922684669495,
-0.04210532084107399,
-0.009972316212952137,
-0.01888427324593067,
-0.004545420408248901,
-0.018267080187797546,
0.05767510458827019,
0.039248768240213394,
-0.08677849173545837,
-0.044897451996803284,
-0.021719884127378464,
-0.020714495331048965,
0.013472338207066059,
-0.044829681515693665,
0.03888418525457382,
-0.03021336905658245,
-0.03878128528594971,
0.04261652007699013,
0.10003075748682022,
0.07262879610061646,
0.13454046845436096,
0.09025608003139496,
-0.021785570308566093,
0.029977018013596535,
0.0156705304980278,
0.012519799172878265,
0.003247567918151617,
-0.08590716123580933,
0.010091952979564667,
0.05655233561992645,
0.024675071239471436,
-0.09327990561723709,
-0.049888625741004944,
-0.034045394510030746,
-0.06690621376037598,
0.06426640599966049,
-0.02568024769425392,
-0.009052966721355915,
-0.020158806815743446,
-0.015584482811391354,
-0.014836205169558525,
-0.03195125237107277,
-0.011479079723358154,
-0.09754113107919693,
-0.028897644951939583,
0.0037115379236638546,
0.0062662530690431595,
0.041858963668346405,
0.02745286002755165,
0.07096182554960251,
-0.005452796816825867,
-0.006870174780488014,
0.02337321825325489,
-0.03923958167433739,
-0.08656324446201324,
0.07051312178373337,
-0.04946938157081604,
-0.06423801928758621,
0.035492971539497375,
-0.024409133940935135,
0.04013108089566231,
0.06028391420841217,
0.02234013006091118,
0.005571598652750254,
0.023899154737591743,
-0.010267799720168114,
0.03965923935174942,
0.01161589752882719,
-0.00021056864352431148,
0.05640178546309471,
-0.016623668372631073,
0.0069314101710915565,
-0.06860531121492386,
-0.07560662180185318,
-0.012397652491927147,
1.5675968382573776e-33,
-0.012794426642358303,
-0.03507726639509201,
0.042078372091054916,
0.013446815311908722,
0.06919964402914047,
0.019517427310347557,
-0.04381319507956505,
0.005543300416320562,
-0.00711110420525074,
-0.029643693938851357,
0.00843640137463808,
-0.030490471050143242,
0.042996443808078766,
0.04765496775507927,
0.02710108458995819,
-0.04005081579089165,
-0.07671011984348297,
-0.004543188028037548,
0.05634104460477829,
-0.009092684835195541,
0.04308107867836952,
-0.0074006556533277035,
0.002315869089215994,
-0.052996546030044556,
0.015140891075134277,
0.06711507588624954,
-0.021896475926041603,
0.03740876168012619,
0.021142544224858284,
0.0056285010650753975,
-0.03717208281159401,
-0.00448366766795516,
0.04835173115134239,
-0.06522847712039948,
0.056087981909513474,
-0.04834429547190666,
0.04802588000893593,
-0.019777316600084305,
-0.031592097133398056,
-0.06061050668358803,
0.014874855987727642,
0.0036675571464002132,
-0.04878171905875206,
0.028556764125823975,
0.026919279247522354,
0.02369084395468235,
0.06884767860174179,
0.0231292974203825,
0.08825881034135818,
-0.004767701495438814,
0.020221222192049026,
0.030853290110826492,
0.04406749829649925,
-0.09956720471382141,
-0.02227628231048584,
0.019858282059431076,
-0.07209841907024384,
0.016667168587446213,
0.06634686887264252,
-0.06613408029079437,
0.0048218839801847935,
0.03585706278681755,
-0.004029646050184965,
0.016120178624987602,
-0.06162496656179428,
-0.007187223993241787,
-0.006270673591643572,
0.04312313348054886,
-0.005803360138088465,
-0.019867710769176483,
0.043502312153577805,
-0.048670969903469086,
-0.02352415956556797,
-0.0992664322257042,
0.00877387821674347,
0.019797462970018387,
0.18371275067329407,
-0.02700960822403431,
0.049934323877096176,
-0.06765219569206238,
-0.047672469168901443,
0.03569089621305466,
0.14624570310115814,
-0.06112367659807205,
0.007820036262273788,
0.02993529662489891,
0.02999517321586609,
-0.014917894266545773,
-0.04425845295190811,
-0.014015779830515385,
-0.0174539964646101,
0.020227687433362007,
-0.026160409674048424,
-0.004048431292176247,
-0.028927385807037354,
-4.958306068771443e-33,
-0.006300554145127535,
-0.004166716709733009,
0.09727900475263596,
0.04564890265464783,
0.03701666370034218,
-0.01485412660986185,
-0.023218045011162758,
0.03312145918607712,
-0.04343289136886597,
-0.05418149381875992,
0.062133051455020905,
0.06246824190020561,
0.04949702322483063,
0.06868250668048859,
-0.07480038702487946,
-0.12638890743255615,
-0.007563046645373106,
0.09098467230796814,
-0.0026608770713210106,
-0.03150497004389763,
-0.05659273639321327,
0.07456868886947632,
-0.04959023743867874,
-0.04322052374482155,
-0.03520984947681427,
-0.027954693883657455,
0.012822454795241356,
0.013307161629199982,
-0.010915331542491913,
0.007763377390801907,
0.04134669154882431,
0.015629077330231667,
-0.06335750222206116,
-0.02551961876451969,
0.047259584069252014,
-0.019523175433278084,
0.09075818210840225,
0.03767677769064903,
-0.054993707686662674,
0.038087744265794754,
-0.03216085582971573,
0.026853229850530624,
-0.030380403622984886,
0.01422187127172947,
-0.08954603970050812,
0.06549800932407379,
-0.014060025103390217,
0.08014318346977234,
-0.05596679076552391,
-0.001833066693507135,
-0.05068381875753403,
-0.044152338057756424,
-0.00024601106997579336,
0.04887734726071358,
-0.015271625481545925,
0.006000024266541004,
0.004948145244270563,
-0.12045061588287354,
0.05955849960446358,
0.11037547886371613,
-0.060286086052656174,
0.003064376302063465,
-0.06971043348312378,
-0.13928475975990295,
0.0016887056408450007,
-0.050712618976831436,
-0.00888651143759489,
0.10872359573841095,
0.043751925230026245,
0.032575927674770355,
0.015792490914463997,
-0.06510992348194122,
-0.11372831463813782,
-0.0736822783946991,
-0.09294441342353821,
0.05529666319489479,
0.038468729704618454,
0.016018131747841835,
-0.08875460177659988,
-0.018462086096405983,
-0.00945236161351204,
-0.018962187692523003,
-0.07847891002893448,
-0.014153254218399525,
-0.020850688219070435,
0.04015405476093292,
0.04110728204250336,
-0.021113824099302292,
-0.04593069106340408,
0.100676991045475,
-0.015711383894085884,
0.02789507433772087,
-0.09122574329376221,
-0.015548782423138618,
-0.07106658071279526,
-6.100231786376753e-8,
0.04362477362155914,
0.10755900293588638,
0.03021165356040001,
0.006455267313867807,
0.07902572304010391,
0.0234781913459301,
0.009275881573557854,
-0.1405298262834549,
0.04118632897734642,
0.028151217848062515,
0.06803543865680695,
-0.11208054423332214,
-0.013670027256011963,
-0.09477417171001434,
-0.018477996811270714,
0.0010762382298707962,
-0.02603803761303425,
-0.026796596124768257,
-0.020344670861959457,
0.008682971820235252,
0.023035695776343346,
0.02215367928147316,
0.12882491946220398,
-0.052195094525814056,
0.007031477987766266,
-0.03551090881228447,
-0.043864764273166656,
0.07508962601423264,
-0.04967654496431351,
0.0630750060081482,
-0.01946369931101799,
0.02636866457760334,
-0.10747525840997696,
-0.07503075897693634,
-0.0019789794459939003,
-0.062441062182188034,
-0.11548545211553574,
0.032478056848049164,
-0.0027313714381307364,
-0.06935637444257736,
0.003638405120000243,
0.06716014444828033,
0.08479810506105423,
0.029704241082072258,
-0.030341513454914093,
-0.06216118484735489,
-0.04203265160322189,
0.04226282984018326,
0.0085002975538373,
0.11825264990329742,
-0.1394222229719162,
-0.03857528418302536,
-0.010476049967110157,
0.0007790962117724121,
0.1261376589536667,
-0.02949778363108635,
0.023197516798973083,
0.01811322197318077,
-0.046458903700113297,
-0.020213259384036064,
0.04651584476232529,
-0.042310021817684174,
-0.02937738597393036,
-0.013280320912599564
] | {
"pdf_file": "HB2IHQ5EY4MV6YIJNCKSZ5L2EA6BPV75.pdf",
"text": "120 STAT. 3814 PROCLAMATION 8026—JUNE 1, 2006\nBlack Music Month recognizes some of the brightest lights of American\ncreativity and honors the African-American men and women whose artentertains and inspires us. The incredible talents of black musicianscontinue to speak to every heart, reflecting the beauty and pride of ourgreat Nation.\nNOW, THEREFORE, I, GEORGE W. BUSH, President of the United\nStates of America, by virtue of the authority vested in me by the Con-stitution and laws of the United States, do hereby proclaim June 2006as Black Music Month. I encourage all Americans to learn more aboutthe history of black music and to enjoy the great contributions of Afri-can-American musicians.\nIN WITNESS WHEREOF, I have hereunto set my hand this twenty-fifth\nday of May, in the year of our Lord two thousand six, and of the Inde-pendence of the United States of America the two hundred and thir-tieth.\nGEORGE W. BUSH\nProclamation 8026 of June 1, 2006\nNational Child’s Day, 2006\nBy the President of the United States of America\nA Proclamation\nA hopeful society ensures that its children are provided with the\nknowledge, skills, and opportunities to succeed. On National Child’sDay, we reaffirm our commitment to America’s children and recognizethe power that each of us has to make a difference in a young person’slife.\nThe character of a child is formed in the earliest years through the love\nand guidance of family members and other caring individuals. A par-ent, teacher, or mentor can help improve a child’s academic achieve-ment, encourage right choices, and help them to understand the impor-tance of serving a cause greater than self.\nThrough USA Freedom Corps, my Administration is providing oppor-\ntunities for volunteers to work with children in schools, after-schoolprograms, and through community groups and organizations. By volun-teering, these adults set an example of service and good citizenship forour young people and provide youth with the stability and encourage-ment they need to achieve their dreams. My Administration has alsolaunched the Community Guide to Helping America’s Youth at\nhelpingamericasyouth.gov. This web-based tool is part of the HelpingAmerica’s Youth initiative, led by First Lady Laura Bush, and assistscommunities in identifying ways to lend a hand to children in need.In addition, my Administration is working through No Child Left Be-hind and the American Competitiveness Initiative to ensure everychild has a quality education and the opportunity to succeed. By in-vesting in the lives of our young people, we can help develop theirpersonal character, teach them to be responsible citizens, and enablethem to realize their full potential.\nVerDate 11-MAY-2000 07:17 Jul 23, 2007 Jkt 059194 PO 00003 Frm 00064 Fmt 8087 Sfmt 8087 M:\\STATUTES\\PROCS\\49194PRC.000 APPS06 PsN: APPS0 6 120 STAT. 3815 PROCLAMATION 8027—JUNE 2, 2006\nNOW, THEREFORE, I, GEORGE W. BUSH, President of the United\nStates of America, do hereby proclaim June 4, 2006, as National Child’sDay. I call upon citizens to observe this day with appropriate cere-monies and activities. I also urge all the people of the United Statesto take an active role in helping nurture the minds and character ofour Nation’s children.\nIN WITNESS WHEREOF, I have hereunto set my hand this first day\nof June, in the year of our Lord two thousand six, and of the Independ-ence of the United States of America the two hundred and thirtieth.\nGEORGE W. BUSH\nProclamation 8027 of June 2, 2006\nNational Oceans Week, 2006\nBy the President of the United States of America\nA Proclamation\nDuring National Oceans Week, we recognize the importance of the\noceans to our national heritage, economy, and security and reaffirm ourcommitment to protecting them through wise stewardship and sensiblemanagement.\nThe magnificent beauty of the oceans is a blessing to our country and\nthe world. The oceans also sustain an abundance of natural and histor-ical treasures, enable the transportation of vital goods, and providefood and recreation for millions of people. My Administration is work-ing with State, tribal, and local governments, the private sector, andinternational partners to foster more effective conservation of ouroceans, coasts, and Great Lakes resources and to advance the environ-mental, economic, and security interests of our Nation.\nOn December 17, 2004, I established the Committee on Ocean Policy\nto implement the United States Ocean Action Plan. Through this plan,we are building an integrated ocean observing system, promoting oceaneducation, embarking on deep oceans research, supporting our mari-time transportation system, and enhancing our international leadershiprole in ocean science and policy. We are also advancing legislation tostrengthen the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, es-tablish a system of sustainable aquaculture, and maintain protectionsfor marine mammals. To fulfill my commitment to end overfishing, weare working with the Congress to build an improved, market-based sys-tem to better manage our fisheries and keep our commercial and rec-reational fishing industries strong.\nI appreciate all those who are dedicated to making the oceans, coasts,\nand Great Lakes cleaner, healthier, and more productive. By workingtogether, all Americans can help sustain the oceans for generations tocome.\nNOW, THEREFORE, I, GEORGE W. BUSH, President of the United\nStates of America, do hereby proclaim June 4 through June 10, 2006,as National Oceans Week. I call upon the people of the United Statesto learn more about the vital role the oceans play in the life of ourcountry and how we can conserve their many natural treasures. I en-\nVerDate 11-MAY-2000 07:17 Jul 23, 2007 Jkt 059194 PO 00003 Frm 00065 Fmt 8087 Sfmt 8087 M:\\STATUTES\\PROCS\\49194PRC.000 APPS06 PsN: APPS0 6"
} |
[
-0.087320476770401,
0.04800669476389885,
0.04327397048473358,
-0.0016095696482807398,
0.060128942131996155,
0.017211535945534706,
0.05796987935900688,
0.03852376341819763,
-0.024870339781045914,
-0.01733703911304474,
0.08952178061008453,
-0.045617468655109406,
0.033259209245443344,
0.008014173246920109,
-0.026148181408643723,
-0.09765110909938812,
0.07861620932817459,
-0.02594643458724022,
-0.10705342143774033,
0.07512076944112778,
0.09277068823575974,
0.016573438420891762,
-0.05387572571635246,
0.04420780763030052,
-0.050595153123140335,
0.005420527886599302,
0.03677762672305107,
-0.019016021862626076,
0.0571606308221817,
0.004767823498696089,
0.01615976169705391,
0.08341678231954575,
0.012484440580010414,
0.019108157604932785,
0.05926322937011719,
0.015613164752721786,
-0.029886143282055855,
-0.10189283639192581,
-0.025182127952575684,
-0.05313390493392944,
0.04098537564277649,
-0.0756225436925888,
-0.05864710733294487,
0.01628442481160164,
-0.013997110538184643,
0.06874296814203262,
-0.0037307769525796175,
0.028712254017591476,
-0.09206422418355942,
0.009060961194336414,
-0.016784874722361565,
0.02209789864718914,
0.05153409764170647,
0.009363126009702682,
0.03529088944196701,
-0.13671763241291046,
-0.0487448088824749,
0.0031843192409723997,
-0.020414192229509354,
0.09798040986061096,
0.07599090039730072,
-0.06719878315925598,
0.010661009699106216,
0.03477947413921356,
0.025837501510977745,
-0.02006390132009983,
-0.039932362735271454,
0.029876641929149628,
-0.02721911296248436,
0.07887595146894455,
0.053277865052223206,
-0.08188851922750473,
-0.07344703376293182,
0.031089751049876213,
0.006630215793848038,
-0.055365804582834244,
-0.014692798256874084,
-0.02489500120282173,
0.030795037746429443,
-0.09956253319978714,
0.0022796625271439552,
0.050122253596782684,
-0.04794011637568474,
-0.07436364144086838,
-0.058035191148519516,
-0.11224457621574402,
0.0037838201969861984,
0.015834815800189972,
0.09076204150915146,
0.013858531601727009,
0.031571678817272186,
-0.11932416260242462,
0.056414857506752014,
-0.03025488182902336,
0.025231346487998962,
-0.010198911651968956,
-0.051484037190675735,
-0.053703948855400085,
0.046655964106321335,
0.013295167125761509,
-0.053383227437734604,
0.06719809025526047,
-0.10310050845146179,
-0.002687541302293539,
0.02474566176533699,
-0.10263880342245102,
-0.05144123733043671,
0.030665261670947075,
-0.0057543134316802025,
0.0831523910164833,
0.005191049072891474,
0.07129159569740295,
0.04164118319749832,
-0.014323923736810684,
0.057520270347595215,
-0.021657023578882217,
-0.016647102311253548,
-0.021366732195019722,
0.09922172874212265,
-0.04175981506705284,
-0.02046596258878708,
-0.00884403195232153,
-0.022788772359490395,
0.015352205373346806,
-0.028467515483498573,
-0.0036539474967867136,
-0.013342408463358879,
1.8519193736504001e-34,
-0.06732632964849472,
-0.01283442322164774,
0.0021767274010926485,
-0.015264038927853107,
0.058024484664201736,
-0.04992338642477989,
-0.05424885451793671,
0.023820525035262108,
0.051061827689409256,
0.05297661945223808,
0.06804732233285904,
-0.012163402512669563,
-0.0270463228225708,
-0.01942289248108864,
0.02884836308658123,
0.046978920698165894,
-0.003983306232839823,
0.06649575382471085,
0.07476115226745605,
0.0437653623521328,
0.032778654247522354,
-0.12385501712560654,
0.015969103202223778,
0.030300559476017952,
-0.05186338722705841,
-0.027633218094706535,
-0.06668265908956528,
-0.03352629765868187,
-0.004348992370069027,
0.0073291240260005,
0.05948743224143982,
0.001827918691560626,
0.04281449690461159,
0.0015430927742272615,
-0.02083677239716053,
0.017597386613488197,
-0.01995859295129776,
-0.04037712886929512,
-0.06052447482943535,
-0.016330886632204056,
-0.09144548326730728,
0.012516443617641926,
0.03853720426559448,
0.03774641454219818,
-0.031081579625606537,
-0.005691000260412693,
-0.02603570744395256,
-0.016756277531385422,
-0.09707792103290558,
0.06485769897699356,
-0.005333092529326677,
-0.03815624117851257,
0.04452282562851906,
-0.02344098687171936,
-0.040540166199207306,
-0.015508472919464111,
-0.028438247740268707,
-0.09539256244897842,
-0.07408742606639862,
-0.020375249907374382,
-0.0017333128489553928,
0.06557081639766693,
-0.07125404477119446,
0.012719263322651386,
-0.00934575404971838,
-0.06183471530675888,
0.01669873297214508,
-0.049133092164993286,
-0.06970402598381042,
-0.05124235153198242,
0.0008887271978892386,
-0.02014501579105854,
-0.03834841772913933,
-0.007348478771746159,
0.009984531439840794,
-0.061689361929893494,
-0.016622329130768776,
0.048978012055158615,
-0.009385944344103336,
-0.019851353019475937,
0.025907903909683228,
-0.06357745826244354,
-0.005484313704073429,
0.018776295706629753,
-0.1319350302219391,
0.06668917089700699,
0.020222773775458336,
-0.03409041464328766,
0.06069943308830261,
0.0657854899764061,
0.02385280467569828,
0.024228977039456367,
-0.04515088349580765,
0.0664924830198288,
-0.05675848573446274,
-3.350838849857073e-33,
-0.026418523862957954,
0.016075115650892258,
-0.012131024152040482,
0.04035007953643799,
0.01659436896443367,
-0.031487587839365005,
-0.06960925459861755,
0.01258174143731594,
0.02866523712873459,
-0.1026710569858551,
-0.04714351147413254,
-0.024699639528989792,
0.07072564214468002,
0.016026822850108147,
-0.09713198244571686,
0.011133775115013123,
-0.009429444558918476,
0.09634920209646225,
-0.08583074063062668,
-0.013880454935133457,
-0.03169266879558563,
-0.013496414758265018,
-0.006925378460437059,
0.03553832322359085,
-0.09931613504886627,
0.07592882961034775,
0.0041092680767178535,
0.05015171691775322,
-0.0927557721734047,
-0.04187795892357826,
0.06812847405672073,
-0.03450635448098183,
-0.046845443546772,
0.013352976180613041,
-0.003805441316217184,
-0.08410461246967316,
0.07853402942419052,
0.051796067506074905,
-0.04361579567193985,
-0.04958992451429367,
0.07927043735980988,
0.082030288875103,
0.018725495785474777,
0.06544381380081177,
-0.026472553610801697,
-0.09530331194400787,
0.13048969209194183,
-0.07634585350751877,
0.16476885974407196,
-0.005602539516985416,
0.07309003174304962,
-0.022020744159817696,
0.08161880820989609,
0.09034398198127747,
-0.047393687069416046,
0.024379178881645203,
-0.007809362839907408,
-0.008380033075809479,
0.013598754070699215,
0.005152957513928413,
0.05801253765821457,
0.04420297592878342,
-0.013644222170114517,
0.055620767176151276,
0.02233254909515381,
-0.08652975410223007,
-0.04125551879405975,
-0.003990854602307081,
0.125497967004776,
-0.041396379470825195,
-0.020881790667772293,
-0.05112524330615997,
-0.04899520054459572,
-0.049372635781764984,
-0.0004961251397617161,
-0.04564973711967468,
-0.0517430305480957,
-0.0397292859852314,
-0.06574105471372604,
0.022521691396832466,
-0.0013165590353310108,
-0.01815047673881054,
-0.029929380863904953,
0.024432145059108734,
0.047836050391197205,
-0.07193499058485031,
0.045606520026922226,
0.004241251386702061,
0.06639910489320755,
0.06451693922281265,
-0.04054185003042221,
0.008947600610554218,
-0.11548575758934021,
0.05626999959349632,
-0.002338077174499631,
-6.407663732943547e-8,
0.04397040978074074,
-0.049618739634752274,
-0.036543529480695724,
-0.010982004925608635,
0.08211498707532883,
0.01398466620594263,
0.016137298196554184,
-0.10760803520679474,
0.004919204395264387,
0.01097050029784441,
0.023792125284671783,
0.09013787657022476,
-0.057851243764162064,
-0.022583862766623497,
-0.04129369929432869,
-0.04194839671254158,
0.030473442748188972,
-0.022267969325184822,
-0.03475403040647507,
0.0753663033246994,
-0.01537444069981575,
-0.041180774569511414,
0.02165568806231022,
-0.019384803250432014,
-0.03167795389890671,
0.0014951347839087248,
0.04927529767155647,
0.05662424862384796,
0.07798059284687042,
0.01430603489279747,
-0.026299718767404556,
0.048327669501304626,
0.014236393384635448,
0.005757591221481562,
-0.0038430984131991863,
-0.01486979704350233,
-0.0760984867811203,
-0.019756991416215897,
0.015376824885606766,
0.03431421145796776,
-0.045685064047575,
0.012219327501952648,
-0.008661501109600067,
0.11061842739582062,
0.010318778455257416,
-0.001977458130568266,
-0.06436595320701599,
0.01657765917479992,
-0.002855076687410474,
0.043233126401901245,
-0.00822017528116703,
0.03519337251782417,
0.0287962444126606,
0.04789441078901291,
-0.05743744224309921,
-0.02547856606543064,
0.014707970432937145,
0.06653030216693878,
-0.006053879391402006,
-0.03443572670221329,
0.12295406311750412,
0.015681089833378792,
0.004424974322319031,
0.003436536295339465
] | {
"pdf_file": "FINT6YKQ6HZIF4FG6472FBR4EVTNCZYZ.pdf",
"text": "411.600 Definitions. \nFor purposes of KRS 411.600 to 411.640: \n(1) \"Claim\" means any claim by or on behalf of a natural person , as well as any \nderivative or other claim arising therefrom asserted by or on behalf of any other \nperson; \n(2) \"Food establishment\" means: \n(a) Any entity required to hold a permit pursuant to KRS 217.125; or \n(b) Any other manufacturer, packer, distributor, carrier, holder, seller, marketer, \nor advertiser of food as defined in KRS 217.015(18) or 21 U.S.C. sec. 321(f); \n(3) \"Generally known condition allegedly caused by or allegedly likely to result from \nlong-term consumption\" means a condition generally k nown to result or to likely \nresult from the cumulative effect of consumption, and not from a single instance of \nconsumption; and \n(4) \"Knowing and willful violation\" means that the conduct constituting the violation \nwas committed with the intent to deceive or injure consumers or with actual \nknowledge that the conduct was injurious to consumers, and the conduct \nconstituting the violation was not required by regulations, orders, rules, or other \npronouncements of, or any statutes administered by, a federal, st ate, or local \ngovernment agency. \nEffective: June 20, 2005 \nHistory: Created 2005 Ky. Acts ch. 23, sec. 1, effective June 20, 2005. \nLegislative Research Commission Note (6/20/2005): 2005 Ky. Acts ch. 23 , sec. 6, \nprovides that KRS 411.600 to 411.640 shall be known and may be cited as the \n\"Commonsense Consumption Act.\" "
} |
[
-0.03763972222805023,
-0.026918059214949608,
0.018084397539496422,
-0.048437684774398804,
0.061671510338783264,
0.02282702550292015,
-0.05675030127167702,
-0.04648703336715698,
-0.07000359892845154,
-0.0046533383429050446,
0.11053649336099625,
-0.02865118347108364,
-0.01591430976986885,
-0.08946997672319412,
-0.05009180307388306,
0.039637431502342224,
0.059164661914110184,
0.04734349623322487,
-0.10648727416992188,
-0.07939295470714569,
0.04595287889242172,
0.005635262932628393,
0.01198754832148552,
-0.0223354771733284,
-0.006107785273343325,
0.010441063903272152,
-0.03144001588225365,
-0.019058886915445328,
-0.03755389153957367,
-0.028482763096690178,
0.011413493193686008,
0.06347786635160446,
0.033759307116270065,
-0.02442784421145916,
0.07950122654438019,
0.03874107822775841,
0.046429283916950226,
-0.043470628559589386,
0.040594931691884995,
-0.00029495684430003166,
0.010769801214337349,
-0.09514331072568893,
-0.0022694577928632498,
0.027423018589615822,
-0.0506170392036438,
0.0342375785112381,
0.007767765317112207,
-0.03355616703629494,
0.02371416613459587,
-0.04180334880948067,
0.02674645185470581,
0.018730565905570984,
0.07281474024057388,
-0.0020775501616299152,
0.01634424738585949,
0.00014749268302693963,
0.021386021748185158,
0.02450910396873951,
-0.03647662699222565,
0.07933460921049118,
-0.022729605436325073,
-0.002318832091987133,
-0.059446390718221664,
-0.010111874900758266,
-0.003985153045505285,
0.039866652339696884,
-0.11261935532093048,
0.007067025173455477,
-0.04278204217553139,
-0.0912841260433197,
0.04011976346373558,
-0.0018106790957972407,
-0.006115342956036329,
0.018283534795045853,
-0.01644510217010975,
0.035762034356594086,
0.053368110209703445,
0.057675451040267944,
0.16049902141094208,
-0.10046255588531494,
-0.019425224512815475,
0.022257225587964058,
0.09339667111635208,
-0.1262369006872177,
-0.10456506907939911,
-0.008923640474677086,
0.021049659699201584,
0.041735608130693436,
0.12535803020000458,
0.030953072011470795,
0.052663277834653854,
-0.033670295029878616,
0.04604245349764824,
0.010423085652291775,
0.06311620026826859,
0.07624666392803192,
-0.02642003819346428,
-0.12000620365142822,
-0.04142748937010765,
0.05590662360191345,
0.003809264861047268,
-0.020799942314624786,
-0.018276458606123924,
-0.03176679089665413,
0.002922863233834505,
0.012352372519671917,
-0.060392722487449646,
-0.018816296011209488,
-0.057675305753946304,
0.10247259587049484,
0.024213101714849472,
0.07811371237039566,
-0.05048850178718567,
0.10285688936710358,
0.004906761460006237,
0.00009292596223531291,
0.028119197115302086,
-0.0023663779720664024,
0.010324520990252495,
-0.07160275429487228,
-0.0390515960752964,
0.05755845084786415,
-0.10709808021783829,
0.005534600466489792,
0.06455040723085403,
-0.018260659649968147,
-0.014817462302744389,
1.5244433386127376e-33,
-0.024579688906669617,
-0.0034643642138689756,
0.008747873827815056,
-0.042480289936065674,
-0.016525838524103165,
-0.01811893843114376,
0.01955878548324108,
-0.08995327353477478,
0.009370112791657448,
0.003403408918529749,
-0.070391945540905,
-0.014557196758687496,
-0.04218195378780365,
0.006131988018751144,
-0.04540739953517914,
-0.07310061156749725,
-0.05966027453541756,
0.051318854093551636,
0.006905828602612019,
0.043391693383455276,
-0.04139957204461098,
0.017310703173279762,
-0.0891852155327797,
-0.01659049652516842,
0.018785635009407997,
-0.04377266764640808,
0.030187681317329407,
-0.0921110287308693,
-0.04610319063067436,
0.023911235854029655,
0.022446921095252037,
0.0035550412721931934,
0.006244115997105837,
0.019276179373264313,
-0.03473348170518875,
-0.004674387630075216,
0.018277272582054138,
-0.028455430641770363,
-0.056806448847055435,
-0.000001807509988793754,
0.03484151139855385,
0.07297009974718094,
0.08611626923084259,
0.05249839276075363,
-0.020513635128736496,
-0.004407352767884731,
0.10362689197063446,
0.019176991656422615,
0.02667698636651039,
0.0008359854691661894,
-0.013237010687589645,
0.028920382261276245,
0.03494715318083763,
-0.06905976682901382,
0.05319167673587799,
-0.05809679999947548,
-0.019282229244709015,
-0.04635575786232948,
0.02766171284019947,
0.042133644223213196,
-0.05084286257624626,
0.10057799518108368,
-0.07095497101545334,
0.04452350363135338,
-0.06174624711275101,
-0.0543530210852623,
-0.07747715711593628,
0.002570222830399871,
0.05561871454119682,
0.01641504094004631,
0.014638915657997131,
-0.09289130568504333,
-0.03208455443382263,
-0.013094733469188213,
0.01778463087975979,
-0.05143257603049278,
0.03682499751448631,
0.08847277611494064,
-0.0442371740937233,
-0.030943214893341064,
0.05195697769522667,
-0.04109116643667221,
-0.041600827127695084,
0.03365348279476166,
-0.061160311102867126,
0.029931550845503807,
-0.12694989144802094,
0.038495372980833054,
0.030114125460386276,
0.022669119760394096,
0.030462440103292465,
0.06326870620250702,
0.028849802911281586,
0.03834446892142296,
0.004133056849241257,
-3.014257532005212e-33,
-0.038982365280389786,
0.007164846174418926,
0.049083780497312546,
0.014375586062669754,
0.021224232390522957,
-0.06559218466281891,
0.044130876660346985,
-0.07673398405313492,
0.05513109639286995,
-0.0941736176609993,
-0.0365198478102684,
0.06957875192165375,
-0.007787957787513733,
-0.012998564168810844,
-0.09251846373081207,
0.0072079976089298725,
-0.017337927594780922,
0.02489086426794529,
-0.01692195050418377,
-0.0373605415225029,
-0.07328229397535324,
0.1440037339925766,
-0.05925924330949783,
0.04474305734038353,
-0.042365655303001404,
0.004957898054271936,
-0.0044952272437512875,
0.06681351363658905,
0.009007362648844719,
-0.08923272788524628,
0.006920089945197105,
-0.13691756129264832,
-0.05536235496401787,
-0.03644687682390213,
0.01546105369925499,
-0.0433432012796402,
0.0575701966881752,
-0.06263527274131775,
-0.01421514805406332,
0.04715941473841667,
0.06188642233610153,
-0.014358132146298885,
-0.04699688404798508,
0.03587972745299339,
-0.0747261792421341,
0.01241272408515215,
0.040118660777807236,
-0.030551662668585777,
0.011421204544603825,
0.06950395554304123,
-0.08857853710651398,
0.019673358649015427,
0.006858096458017826,
0.010973703116178513,
-0.035117391496896744,
-0.012695187702775002,
0.13816121220588684,
-0.0069040958769619465,
-0.0865444615483284,
0.07674474269151688,
0.008610611781477928,
0.1531202644109726,
0.049305260181427,
-0.0016817654250189662,
0.07131374627351761,
-0.03719809278845787,
-0.02596866898238659,
-0.034253668040037155,
0.05930059775710106,
-0.0224161334335804,
-0.03476184979081154,
-0.061252523213624954,
0.010681734420359135,
-0.034922048449516296,
0.017232796177268028,
0.02026328444480896,
0.047380223870277405,
-0.01702817901968956,
-0.031051842495799065,
0.006749785039573908,
-0.00881830882281065,
-0.00014302207273431122,
-0.017110629007220268,
0.07049480825662613,
0.04503943398594856,
0.030866466462612152,
0.03168714791536331,
-0.07089918851852417,
0.08007247745990753,
0.09599637240171432,
-0.014421683736145496,
-0.0700293481349945,
-0.050336919724941254,
0.08677206188440323,
0.05455462634563446,
-6.008561115322664e-8,
0.015308298170566559,
0.0008483236888423562,
-0.007284820079803467,
0.01954733021557331,
0.016578545793890953,
-0.02316983975470066,
0.003555598668754101,
-0.010708258487284184,
0.027077533304691315,
0.007701384834945202,
0.02268279530107975,
0.13296326994895935,
-0.06094782054424286,
-0.018126262351870537,
0.029114991426467896,
-0.08572907745838165,
0.0008323729853145778,
0.048765309154987335,
-0.05001694709062576,
-0.008578053675591946,
-0.019263921305537224,
-0.01914886385202408,
-0.07528217136859894,
-0.022515228018164635,
0.03510676324367523,
0.01030280813574791,
0.038603030145168304,
0.06797067821025848,
0.07955043762922287,
0.05894947797060013,
0.03990335017442703,
0.060436900705099106,
-0.03285350650548935,
-0.048662204295396805,
0.012977837584912777,
-0.04492460563778877,
-0.08491554111242294,
-0.0021600157488137484,
0.10283027589321136,
-0.0018746376736089587,
-0.07673507928848267,
0.07241497188806534,
0.05526883527636528,
0.011827045120298862,
-0.0025775223039090633,
0.02032649517059326,
-0.06393685191869736,
0.011539801955223083,
0.06900447607040405,
0.012055177241563797,
-0.03427599370479584,
-0.023100053891539574,
0.07418354600667953,
0.02351546660065651,
0.06792908906936646,
0.01154648419469595,
-0.00521583529189229,
-0.088231161236763,
0.04065139219164848,
-0.007487169001251459,
-0.02290252037346363,
-0.043182674795389175,
-0.048178840428590775,
-0.031438976526260376
] | {
"pdf_file": "ALQMFHOFCDKV7HIO2VGHCM3ZDDVVZPBW.pdf",
"text": " \n1 \n \nTestimony of \n \nBlake Gerard \n \nBefore the U.S. House of Representatives \nCommittee on Agriculture \n \nHearing to Review the Future of U.S. Farm Policy and the Formulation of the 2012 Farm Bill \n \nGalesburg, Illinois \nMarch 23 , 2012 \n \nIntroduction \n \nChairman Lucas, Ranking Member Peterson , and Members of the Committee, thank you for \nholding this hearing concerning farm policy and the 2012 farm bill. I appreciate the opportunity \nto offer testimony on farm policy from the perspective of a diversified grain producer. \n \nMy name is Blake Gerard. I raise rice , soybean s, wheat, and corn in Alexander and Union \ncounties in southern Illinois and I have been farming on my own now for 16 years. I am the \nfourth generation in my family to farm this land and this is my 13th year to farm rice in Illinois. I \nam also co-owner in a seed conditioning facility that does contract seed production, \nconditioning, packaging & warehousing. All of our soybeans are raised for seed along with \nabout 75% of our rice. In addition to my farm and seed business, I also serve as the \ncommissioner for the East Cape Girardeau/Clear Creek Levee & Drainage District , the Illinois \nCrop Improvement Association and am a member of the USA Rice Producers’ Group Board of \nDirectors . \n \nImportance of Agriculture an d Cost -Effective Farm Policy \n \nU.S. agriculture shares a certain amount of pride for what we do for the nation’s economy. \nAgriculture still matters. \n \nOver the course of the current economic downturn, here is an excerpt of what objective \nsources ranging fro m the Federal Reserve to The Wall Street Journal had to say about what \nAmerica’s farmers and ranchers have been doing to help get our nation back on track and \npeople back to work: \n “In 2010, rural America was at the forefront of the economic recovery… “[R ]ising exports of \nfarm commodities and manufactured goods spurred job growth and income gains in rural \ncommunities…If recent history holds true, rural America could lead U.S. economic gains in \n2011.” Federal Reserve of Kansas City, 2010 report. \n2 \n \"Growers' improved lot is rippling out to other industries.\" The Wall Street Journal, October 12, \n2010. \nWe read the same kinds of reports during the last recession when the manufacturing sector \nwas in crisis: \n“Farm Belt Is Becoming a Driver for Overall Economy…The present boom is proving that \nagriculture still matters in the U.S. Rising farm incomes are helping to ease the blow of the loss \nof manufacturing jobs in Midwest states…‘The farm sector is a significant source of strength for \nthe U.S. economy,’ says Sung Wo n Sohn, chief economist of Wells Fargo Bank…Although \nfarmers themselves are a tiny part of the population, they have an outsize impact on the \neconomy because farming is such an expensive enterprise. A full -time Midwest grain farmer \noften owns millions of d ollars of equipment and land, and spends hundreds of thousands of \ndollars annually on supplies.” The Wall Street Journal, December 17, 2003 . \nAnd, for those old enough to remember the 1980s, publications such as The Economist recalled \nthe impact on the res t of the economy when agriculture was not doing well: \n“The 1990s were so good [for Chicago] partly because the 1980s had been so bad. ‘Everything \nthat could possibly have gone wrong did’ says William Testa, the senior economist at the \nFederal Reserve Ba nk of Chicago. The region was hit by a crushing combination of high energy \nprices, a strong dollar, high interest rates, and a farm recession.” The Economist, May 12, 2001 \nLast year alone, U.S. farmers and ranchers spent nearly $320 billion in communitie s across the \ncountry to produce agriculture products valued at some $410 billion. Put in perspective, the \nvalue of total U.S. agriculture production was greater than the 2010 GDP of all but 25 nations, \nand total production cost was greater than all but 28 . And, according to the Department of \nAgriculture, U.S. agriculture is expected to positively contribute $26.5 billion to the U.S. balance \nof trade in fiscal year 2012 after having contributed over $40 billion just the year before. \nAnd, one o f the reasons we are here today, I expect, is because while U.S. agriculture is critically \nimportant to America, farm policy is also critically important to U.S. agriculture. \nWithout farm policy, U.S. producers would be unilaterally exposed to global marke ts distorted \nby withering high foreign subsidies and tariffs, and have no comprehensive safety net. In fact, \nDTB & Associates issued a report last fall, similar to the study on tariffs and subsidies developed \nand maintained by Texas Tech University ( http://www.depts.ttu.edu/ceri/index.aspx .), which \nfound that: \n“U.S. subsidies…have dropped to very low levels in recent years. In the meantime, there has \nbeen a major increase in subsidization among adva nced developing countries… Since the \ncountries involved are major producers and consumers of agricultural products, the trade -\ndistorting effects of the subsidies are being felt globally. However, because the run -up in \nsubsidies is a recent development, and because countries have not reported the new programs \n3 \n to the WTO or have failed in their notifications to calculate properly the level of support, the \nchanges have attracted little attention. We believe that when trade officials examine these \ndevelopments, they will discover clear violations of WTO commitments.” \nThis aggressive increase in foreign subsides and tariffs might also explain why foreign \ncompetitors worked to derail WTO Doha Round negotiations, causing then Chairmen and \nRanking Members of the Senate Finance Committee and House Ways & Means Committee to \nregister their opposition to pursuing a lopsided agreement against the U.S. interests: \n“Since the WTO Doha Round was launched in 2001, we have supported the administration’s \nefforts to achieve a balanced outcome that would provide meaningful new market access for \nU.S. agricultural products…particularly from developed and key emerging markets. \nUnfortunately, the negotiating texts currently on the table would provide little if any new \nmarket acces s for U.S. goods, and important developing countries are demanding even further \nconcessions from the United States.” Ways & Means Committee Chairman and Ranking \nMember Rangel and McCrery and Finance Committee Chairman and Ranking Member Baucus \nand Grassle y. \nMoreover, while many successfully negotiated trade agreements have promised market access \ngains for agriculture, much of what was promised has yet to materialize or is continually \nthreatened by artificial sanitary, phytosanitary (SPS) and other non -tariff barriers. This is why \nprograms such as the Market Access Program and Foreign Market Development Program are of \nvital concern to the rice industry and must be reauthorized in the 2012 farm bill. It has not \ngone unnoticed that budget reductions curre ntly being considered (such as the elimination of \nthe Direct Payment) will result in a dollar for dollar loss in farm income. Producers must be \nprovided the tools not only to attack these obstacles to trade but to increase exports through \nmarket promotion and thereby increase farm income through increased open and fair trade. \n \nBut, beyond even these barriers that are imposed by foreign competitors are barriers to exports \nimposed in whole or in part by the U.S. government. For example, rice was complete ly \nexcluded from the free trade agreement negotiated with South Korea, foreclosing for the \nforeseeable future any new market access for U.S. rice producers in that country. Iraq, once a \ntop export market for U.S. rice, has instituted restrictive specifica tions on rice imports that have \nled to a 77 percent drop in sales of U.S. rice to that country. In the pending Trans Pacific \nPartnership (TPP) negotiations, Japan has indicated an interest in joining. The U.S. rice industry \nsupports Japan joining the neg otiations, but only if additional market access for U.S. rice into \nJapan is part of the agreement. Our industry cannot support an agreement where market \naccess for our product is categorically off the negotiating table. Another market that has the \npotent ial to become a top five export market almost immediately is Cuba. Unfortunately, the \nU.S. government maintains restrictions on our agricultural exports to this country. Cuba was \nonce the number one export market for U.S. rice prior to the embargo and we b elieve it is \npotentially a 400,000 to 600,000 ton market if normal commercial agricultural exports are \nallowed to resume. \n \n4 \n In total, U.S. rice exports to date for the current marketing year are down 24 percent compared \nto last year. \nAnd, while the rice in dustry is still a long ways off from having a crop insurance product that is \nrelevant to rice producers, the general need for federal involvement in insuring crops where \nlosses are highly correlated is also obvious, as even the American Enterprise Institut e has \nadmitted: \n “The empirical evidence on the viability of either area -yield or multiple -peril crop insurance \nseems clear. When normal commercial loading factors are applied, the premiums required by \ninsurers to offer an actuarially viable private cr op insurance contract are sufficiently high to \nreduce the demand for such contracts to zero…Thus, private markets for multiple -peril crop \ninsurance are almost surely infeasible, and the weight of the empirical evidence indicates that \narea -yield contracts a re also not commercially viable…” American Enterprise Institute, “The \nEconomics of Crop Insurance and Disaster Aid, 1995. \nFortunately, for the American taxpayer, in addition to all of these justifications on why we have \na farm policy in this country, we c an add to the list at least one more reason: farm policy is \ncost-effective. \nIn fact, U.S. farm policy has operated under budget for over a decade and accounts for only one \nquarter of one percent of the total federal budget. Not including additional cuts scheduled \nunder sequestration, U.S. farm policy has, to date, been cut by about $18 billion over the past 9 \nyears, including in the 2004 and 2010 Standard Reinsurance Agreements (SRAs), the FY2006 \nreconciliation package, and the 2008 Farm Bill. \n \nIn the mos t recent five years, average funding for U.S. farm policy, based on real funding levels, \nincluding crop insurance, was $12.9 billion per year, which is 28% less than the previous five -\nyear average of $17.9 billion and 31% less than the average of $18.8 bil lion that incurred in the \npreceding five years. In the current year, the Congressional Budget Office (CBO) estimates that \ncrop insurance policy will cost slightly more than the current commodity policies. And \naccording to CBO projections for the next 10 years the estimated annual cost for commodity \npolicy in the farm bill is $6.6 billion on average (before the expected reductions are made as \npart of this farm bill process), while the estimated annual cost for crop insurance policy is $8.8 \nbillion on avera ge. With the current suite of crop insurance policies not working effectively for \nrice producers, this puts our industry at a further disadvantage and highlights the need to \nmaintain an effective commodity policy in the farm bill that will work for rice. \n \nFunding of that portion of farm policy that assists rice producers has declined from $1.2 billion \na decade ago to about $400 million annually, with this amount largely reflecting Direct \nPayments. \n \nMeanwhile, U.S. consumers are paying less than 10% of di sposable income on food, less than \nconsumers in any other nation. \n5 \n This is why I believe so firmly that future cuts must focus on areas of the budget outside of farm \npolicy that have not yet contributed to deficit reduction yet comprise a significant share of the \nfederal budget. This is also why I would urge lawmakers to reject cuts to U.S. farm policy that \nwould exceed the level specified by the House and Senate Agriculture Committee Chairs and \nRanking Members in their letter to the Joint Committee on Defi cit Reduction last fall. \n \n2008 Farm Bill Review \n \nThe Food, Conservation, and Energy Act of 2008 (the Farm Bill) continued the traditional mix of \npolicies consisting of the non -recourse marketing loan, loan deficiency payments, and the direct \nand counter c yclical payments. The farm bill also included the addition of Average Crop \nRevenue Election (ACRE) as an alternative to counter cyclical payments for producers who \nagree to a reduction in direct payments and marketing loan benefits. The bill also added \nSupplemental Revenue Assurance (SURE) as a standing disaster assistance supplement to \nfederal crop insurance. \n \nThe 2008 Farm Bill made very substantial changes to the payment eligibility provisions, \nestablishing an aggressive adjusted gross income (AGI) me ans test and, albeit unintended by \nCongress, resulting in the very significant tightening of “actively engaged” requirements for \neligibility. USDA was still in the process of implementing many of the provisions of the 2008 \nFarm Bill in 2010, and the final payment eligibility rules were only announced in January of that \nsame year, a mere two years ago. As a consequence, we are still adjusting to the many changes \ncontained in the current farm bill, even as Congress considers the 2012 farm bill. \n \nRegarding AC RE and SURE, frankly, neither policy has proved much value to rice farmers. \nSpecifically, in the first year of ACRE signup, only 8 rice farms representing less than 900 acres \nwere enrolled nationwide. With changes, this revenue program may provide more v alue for \nsome rice growing regions like California. And SURE has provided little, if any, assistance to rice \nproducers, including those producers in the Mid South who suffered significant monetary losses \nin 2009 due to heavy rains and flooding occurring pr ior to and during harvest, or the significant \nlosses last year as a result of spring flooding in the Mid South. SURE’s inability to provide \ndisaster assistance for such catastrophic events further highlights the continuing gap in \navailable programs design ed to help producers manage or alleviate their risk. \n \nRegarding the traditional mix of farm policies, the nonrecourse marketing loan, loan deficiency \npayment, and countercyclical payments have not yet provided payments to rice farmers under \nthe 2008 Far m Bill. The new price paradigm has, as a practical matter, greatly limited the \nprotections afforded to producers under these farm p olicy features. In fact, if the protections \nprovided were ever to trigger for rice farmers, the protections would help stem some of the \neconomic losses but, frankly, not enough to keep most rice farms in business through even a \nsingle year of severely low market prices. \n \nAs such, whatever its imperfections, the Direct Payment alone has assisted rice producers in \nmeeting the o ngoing and serious price and production perils of farming today. \n6 \n For rice producers, as for most other producers, the existing levels of price protection have \nsimply not kept pace with the significant increases in production costs, costs such as energy an d \nfertilizer that are exacerbated by escalating government regulations. It is for this reason that \nrice farmers believe strengthening farm policies in the 2012 Farm Bill would be helpful in \nensuring that producers have the ability to adequately manage the ir risks and access needed \ncredit. \n \nCrop Insurance \n \nRisk management products offered under Federal Crop Insurance have been of very limited \nvalue to rice producers to date due to a number of factors, including artificially depressed \nactual production histo ry (APH) guarantees, which I understand is also a problem for many \nother producers; high premium costs for a relatively small insurance guarantee; and the fact \nthat the risks associated with rice production are unique from the risks of producing many \nother major crops. \n \nFor example, since rice is a flood -irrigated crop, drought conditions rarely result in significant \nyield losses as growers simply pump additional irrigation water to maintain moisture levels to \nachieve relatively stable yields. However, dro ught conditions do result in very substantial \nproduction cost increases as a result of pumping additional water. As such, what rice farmers \nneed from federal crop insurance are products that will help protect against increased \nproduction and input costs, particularly for energy and energy -related inputs. For example, \nfuel, fertilizer, and other energy related inputs represent about 70 percent of total variable \ncosts. \n \nIn this vein, many in the rice industry have been working for over the past four years now to \ndevelop a new generation of crop insurance products that might provide more meaningful risk \nmanagement tools for rice producers in protecting against sharp, upward spikes in input costs. \nI serve on a rice industry task force that has been working t o develop and improve crop \ninsurance products for rice, and a lthough the objective was to gain approval from the Risk \nManagement Agency (RMA) of at least two new products that could be available to growers in \ntime for the 2012 crop year, this has not mater ialized. But, it is important to stress that even if \nthese products had become available this year, we do not believe that they would have put rice \nproducers anywhere near on par with other crops in terms of the relevance that crop insurance \nhas as a risk management tool. \n \nAs such, rice producers enter the 2012 farm bill debate at a very serious disadvantage, having \nonly a single farm policy that effectively works and that farm policy being singled out for \nelimination. \n \n2012 Farm Bill \n \nWith th e foregoing as a backdrop, the U.S. rice industry developed a set of farm policy priorities \nin September of last year to guide us during consideration of the 2012 Farm Bill. The U.S. rice \n7 \n industry is unified in its firm belief that farm policy designed to support a strong and dynamic \nU.S. agriculture sector is absolutely vital. We also believe that the planting flexibility provided \nunder the 1996 Farm Bill and the countercyclical policies that have been in place for more than \na decade now have served this nation and its farmers well. In particular, as we noted earlier, \nthe 1996 Farm Bill’s Direct Payments have provided critical help to rice farmers – offering \ncapital farmers could tailor to their unique needs. We are very proud to stand by this farm \npolicy. \n \nHowever, given budget pressures and other considerations facing Congress that have caused \npolicymakers to consider altering this approach in favor of more directed and conditioned \nassistance, we developed the following priorities: \n First, we believe the triggering mechanism for assistance should be updated to provide \ntailored and reliable help should commodity prices decline below today’s production \ncosts, and should include a floor or reference price to protect in multi -year low price \nscenarios. \n Seco nd, as payments would only be made in loss situations, payment limits and means \ntests for producers should be eliminated. \n Third, federal crop insurance should be improved to provide more effective risk \nmanagement for rice in all production regions, beginni ng with the policy development \nprocess. \nMore specifically relative to each of these points, we believe that: \nPrice Protection is a Must \nGiven price volatility for rice is the primary risk producers face that they do not have other good \nmeans of protecting against, with price fluctuations largely driven by global supply and \ndemand; given rice is one of the most protected and sensitive global commodities in trade \nnegotiations, thus limiting access to a number of key markets; given costs of production have \nrisen to a point where the current $6.50 (loan rate)/$10.50 (target price) assistance triggers are \nlargely irrelevant, we believe the first priority should be to concentrate on increasing the prices \nor revenue levels at which farm policy would trigger so tha t it is actually meaningful to \nproducers, and would reliably trigger should prices decline sharply. \nThe reference price for rice should be increased to $13.98/cwt ($6.30/bu). This level would \nmore closely reflect the significant increases in production costs for rice. And we believe this \nreference price should be a component of both the price -loss policy and the revenue -loss policy \nto ensure downside price protection. \n8 \n Options for Different Production Regions \nIn addition, there should be true options fo r producers that recognize that a one -size-fits-all \napproach to farm policy does not work effectively for all crops or even the same crop such as \nrice in different production regions. \nIn the Mid -south and Gulf Coast production regions, a price -based loss policy is viewed as being \nmost effective in meeting the risk management needs of producers. Specifically, this policy \nshould include a price protection level that is more relevant to current cost of production; paid \non planted acres or p ercentage of plan ted acres; paid on more current yields ; and take into \naccount the lack of effective crop insurance policies for rice . \nIn the California production region , although the existing revenue -based policy still does not \nprovide effective risk management , efforts to analyze modification s which will increase its \neffectiveness cont inue. Since rice yields are highly correlated between the farm, county, crop \nreporting district, and state levels, we believe the revenue plan should be administered for rice \nat either the county or crop reporting district level to reflect this situation rather than lowering \nguarantee levels to use farm level yields . By setting loss triggers that reflect local marke ting \nconditions, delivering support sooner, and strengthening revenue guara ntees that account for \nhigher production costs as well as the absence of effective crop insurance , California rice \nproducers are hopeful that an effective revenue program can be developed. \nWhile I have focused on the need for a choice for rice producers in different regions, this also \napplies for producers of most other grains. I support having policy options available for corn, \nsoybeans, and wheat, which I produce, and believe that both a price -based policy and a \nrevenue -based policy should be offered as options for these crops. \nWhatever is done should be plain and bankable. The current SURE has too many factors and is \nnot tailored to the multiple business risks producers face — it is not plain. The current ACRE, \nwhile offering improved revenue -based pro tection, is complicated by requiring two loss \ntriggers; providing payments nearly two years after a loss; and provides no minimum price \nprotection — it is not bankable. The marketing loan and target prices are plain and bankable — \nunfortunately the trigge r prices are no longer relevant to current costs and prices. \nWhatever is done should be tailored and defendable. We believe it makes sense to provide \nassistance when factors beyond the producer's control create losses for producers. We \ngenerally think mo re tailored farm policies are more defendable. For this reason, we like the \nthought of updating bases and yields or applying farm policies to planted acres/current \nproduction and their triggering based on prices or revenue, depending on the option a \nprod ucer chooses. However, policy choices should not result in severe regional distortions in \ncommodity policy budget baselines from which reauthorized commodity policies must be \ndeveloped. \n9 \n Whatever is done should be built to withstand a multi -year low price scenario. Whether in a \nrevenue -based plan, or a price -based plan, reference prices should protect producer income in \na relevant way in the event of a series of low price years. Ideally, this minimum could move \nupward over time should production costs also increase, this being of particular concern in the \ncurrent regulatory environment. \nWhatever is done should not dictate or distort planting decisions. Direct payments are \nexcellent in this regard. SURE or similar whole farm aggregations tend to discourag e \ndiversification, which could be a problem for crops like rice. Any commodity specific farm \npolicy that is tied to planted acres must be designed with extreme care so as to not create \npayment scenarios that incentivize farmers to plant for a farm policy. Whatever is done should \naccommodate history and economics and allow for proportional reductions to the baseline \namong commodities. Some commodities are currently more reliant on countercyclical farm \npolicies (ACRE/CCP) while others are receiving only Di rect Payments in the baseline. Generally, \nthe least disruptive and fairest way to achieve savings across commodities would be to apply a \npercentage reduction to each commodity baseline and restructure any new policy within the \nreduced baseline amounts. \nThere have been concerns raised about higher reference prices distorting planting decisions \nand resulting in significant acreage shifts including for rice. W e are unaware of any analysis \nthat shows significant acreage shifts resulting from the reference pri ce levels included in the \n2011 Farm Bill package . In fact, for rice specifically, a reference price of $13.98/cwt that is paid \non historic CCP payment yields and on 85% of planted acres results in a reference price level \nwell below our average cost of pro duction, so I find it hard to imagine why someone would \nplant simply due to this policy given these levels. \nPay Limits/Eligibility Tests Should Be Eliminated \nThe likely outcome of new farm policy is that it will provide less certainty for the producer ( a \nlikely decrease or elimination of Direct Payments). Since i t will likely be designed to provide \nassistance only in loss situations, the second priority is that the policy should not be limited \nbased on arbitrary dollar limits. Assistance should be tailo red to the size of loss. A producer \nshould not be precluded from participating in a farm policy because of past income experience. \nAny internal limits on assistance should be percentage -based (i.e. 25% of an expected crop \nvalue) and not discriminate base d on the size of farm. \nCrop Insurance Should Be Maintained and Improved \nAlthough crop insurance does not currently work as well for rice as it does for other crops, the \nthird priority would be to improve availability and effectiveness of crop insurance fo r rice as an \navailable option. I would also support improvement to the product development processes (we \nhave struggled with two 508(h) submissions for over 4 years and are still not completed with \nthe process), and to the APH system such that any farmer' s insurable yield (pre -deductible) \nwould be reflective of what that farmer actually expects to produce. In no case should the crop \n10 \n insurance tools, which are purchased by the producer, be encumbered with \nenvironmental/conservation regulation or other cond itions that fall outside the scope of \ninsurance. \n2011 Budget Control Act Efforts \n \nAlthough the details of the 2011 Farm Bill package that was prepared by the House and Senate \nAgriculture Committees in response to the Budget Control Act were not disclosed, based on \ndiscussions and reports we believe that that package at least represents a good framework on \nwhich to build the 2012 Farm Bill. The 2011 package included a choice of risk management \ntools that producers can tailor to the risks on their own farms, providing under each of those \noptions more meaningful price protection that is actually relevant to today’s production costs \nand prices. It also included provisions to improve crop insurance and expedite product \ndevelopment for underserved crops such as rice. \n \nWe are concerned that effective support for rice producers under the price -based option was \nset well below cost of production that late changes to the revenue -based option minimized its \npotential as an effective risk management tool for rice produ cers, and that pay limits and AGI \nrules would still serve as an arbitrary constraint upon U.S. competitiveness, globally. Still, even \nwith these areas for improvement, the U.S. rice industry very much appreciates the Members \nand staff who put enormous tim e and effort into what we believe represents a good blue print \nfor ongoing Farm Bill deliberations and we thank you. \n \nAgain, thank you for this opportunity to offer my testimony. We certainly look forward to \nworking with you on an effective 2012 Farm Bill we can all be proud of. BLAKE GERARD \n \n \n \nEXPERIENCE \n \n2002 to present GERARD&CRAIN FARMS, INC. dba RIVERBEND RICE SEED CO. – McClure, IL \n President/Manager \n• Founded this Agribusiness Compa ny specializing in rice seed production. The primary \ngoal is to provide a superior quality seed supply to the Mid -South rice producer. \n• Began processing soybeans in 2005 for regional seed companies. Grew from zero units to over 450,000 units in 6 years. \n• Oversee 6 employees and 2 seasonal employees \n• Grew market from 0 -80,000 bushels of seed rice in 4 years \n• Manage production, storage, processing and packaging for all seed rice. \n• Manage storage, processing and packaging for soybean seed. Assist in distribution. \n• Train and monitor contract producer s, purchase seed from producers, devise \nproduction contracts, monitor seed production, maintain genetic purity for individual \nseed varieties, maintain seed in storage, clean seed, package seed, and market seed. \n• Market rice seed directly to farmers and through 8 wholesale locations in southeast \nMissouri. \n \n \n1996 to present BLAKE GERARD FARMS – McClure, IL \n Owner/Operator \n• Operate 20 00-acre Rice, Corn, S oybean , and Wheat farm . \n• Make all management decisions involved w ith the farm from planning to producing, to \nharvest and marketing. \n• Utilize cash, hedge to arrive, futures and options contracts to market products. \n• Oversee 2 full time employees and 6 seasonal employees \n• Maintain computerized accounting records using AgriSolutions and Ag Manager software producing detailed five year financial forecasts\n \n• Produce seed beans for Delta Grow Seed Company & Morsoy Seed co., Stine Seed Co., \nArmor Seed Co., and Steyer Seed Co. \n \nMEMBERSHIPS AND SERVICE \n 1992 to present Commissioner - East Cape Girardeau/Clear Creek Levee & Drainage District \nAugust 2004 Guest Speaker – M iddle Mississippi River Management Conference at Southern Illinois \nUniversity on “Potential for Rice as Wildlife Habitat in the Middle Mississippi River Valley ” \n Member - Illinois C rop Improvement Association \nDecember 2008 Member – USA Rice Producers Group Crop Insurance Task Force \n \nBoard Member – Missouri Rice Producers Group \n 2011 Member - US A Rice Producers ’ Group Board of Directors \nMember - USA Rice Pr oducers’ Group Farm Policy Task Force \n Member – USA Rice Federation Marketability and Competitiveness T ask Force \n EDUCATION \n 1999 Southeast Missouri State University – Cape Girardeau, MO \nB.S. Agriculture with emphasis in Agronomy \n \n \n"
} |
[
-0.04116881638765335,
0.09402289986610413,
-0.013359409756958485,
0.08788534998893738,
0.02561921253800392,
-0.04157712683081627,
-0.0842440202832222,
-0.006174345500767231,
-0.012378334067761898,
0.04241783544421196,
-0.005161419976502657,
-0.017704473808407784,
-0.051955655217170715,
-0.04299037531018257,
-0.033214032649993896,
-0.03202506899833679,
0.00974460132420063,
-0.05339137092232704,
-0.11110802739858627,
0.015084114857017994,
0.12793079018592834,
0.027286125347018242,
0.06431937217712402,
0.01446378044784069,
0.028468437492847443,
0.06023729220032692,
-0.05075746402144432,
0.06539919972419739,
0.00030456879176199436,
-0.021684588864445686,
-0.055417533963918686,
-0.005092395935207605,
0.022237883880734444,
0.0026210614014416933,
0.07520344853401184,
0.018981272354722023,
-0.022577419877052307,
0.01642698049545288,
0.05209328234195709,
-0.01539862435311079,
-0.008295748382806778,
-0.02934405207633972,
-0.013040098361670971,
0.07398105412721634,
-0.0863039419054985,
0.011871797032654285,
0.03554585948586464,
-0.0016159567749127746,
-0.1221606433391571,
0.05763755366206169,
0.0648048147559166,
-0.0014238980365917087,
-0.0168398916721344,
0.11207196861505508,
0.01902872510254383,
-0.07032794505357742,
0.019236315041780472,
-0.03357372060418129,
0.0014651913661509752,
0.005937688983976841,
0.011068260297179222,
-0.04526792839169502,
-0.037946492433547974,
-0.029773810878396034,
0.026573261246085167,
0.02649066597223282,
0.02109794318675995,
-0.056927770376205444,
0.009874431416392326,
-0.08897430449724197,
-0.05979463458061218,
0.02767355367541313,
-0.06798059493303299,
-0.03739204257726669,
-0.03351688012480736,
0.046539075672626495,
0.01400783285498619,
0.09283362329006195,
0.07123426347970963,
-0.1346745640039444,
0.026711037382483482,
-0.028015458956360817,
0.07271963357925415,
-0.09246359765529633,
-0.004401504527777433,
-0.03699700906872749,
0.023531965911388397,
0.06054749712347984,
0.0653744786977768,
-0.03058624640107155,
0.027579525485634804,
-0.05207880586385727,
0.10607346892356873,
0.04651829972863197,
0.0021677908953279257,
-0.05597103387117386,
-0.023812074214220047,
0.016211990267038345,
0.0015367858577519655,
0.020415116101503372,
0.06194295734167099,
0.08786328881978989,
-0.07513269782066345,
0.015020948834717274,
-0.03288722410798073,
-0.049881912767887115,
0.040576279163360596,
0.09252506494522095,
-0.049393653869628906,
-0.029953395947813988,
0.00800297874957323,
0.04024842381477356,
0.01556866243481636,
-0.1007620096206665,
-0.008085898123681545,
0.022755533456802368,
-0.08092527091503143,
0.06609784811735153,
0.00011657414142973721,
-0.007096325978636742,
0.032874543219804764,
-0.04291355609893799,
-0.0023855825420469046,
-0.05051647871732712,
-0.010908657684922218,
-0.0023093789350241423,
0.013402258045971394,
5.119019289073881e-33,
0.020928021520376205,
0.04337561875581741,
-0.005694002844393253,
-0.0058942632749676704,
0.05656424164772034,
0.05072494223713875,
-0.03653417155146599,
-0.027638765051960945,
0.06553907692432404,
0.00045281328493729234,
-0.01918264664709568,
0.14594705402851105,
0.0054544853046536446,
-0.002755981869995594,
-0.025066643953323364,
-0.059957947582006454,
0.01952916383743286,
0.1312524676322937,
0.05888328701257706,
0.034079741686582565,
0.059648409485816956,
-0.0706896036863327,
0.026950597763061523,
-0.07306511700153351,
0.03456181660294533,
0.054275136440992355,
0.018726004287600517,
-0.014104394242167473,
-0.03220164403319359,
0.004685091320425272,
0.04276656359434128,
-0.014919336885213852,
0.05672211945056915,
0.015342415310442448,
0.046875882893800735,
-0.02431081235408783,
0.015962721779942513,
0.019883932545781136,
-0.0022795426193624735,
-0.10686685889959335,
0.06629925966262817,
0.044455960392951965,
0.0008940892876125872,
-0.024518340826034546,
0.006970003247261047,
-0.013703892007470131,
0.06464303284883499,
-0.03613247722387314,
0.016104573383927345,
0.031552478671073914,
0.002808208344504237,
0.10803627222776413,
-0.030839188024401665,
-0.043358564376831055,
0.016337065026164055,
-0.00802838895469904,
0.07377394288778305,
-0.08103279769420624,
0.07356040179729462,
-0.025571348145604134,
0.0005841563106514513,
0.17050409317016602,
0.00012774810602422804,
-0.024710573256015778,
-0.05155803635716438,
-0.001857167575508356,
-0.02796829305589199,
0.0032753655686974525,
0.02751953899860382,
-0.037897612899541855,
0.007551202550530434,
-0.006116754841059446,
-0.008873849175870419,
-0.01601407118141651,
-0.025557193905115128,
-0.01480274461209774,
0.05559917911887169,
0.013271667994558811,
-0.042267054319381714,
-0.047416165471076965,
0.006739133503288031,
-0.053690966218709946,
0.044392071664333344,
-0.037803053855895996,
-0.007439235225319862,
-0.0719502866268158,
-0.07601714879274368,
0.0826173797249794,
-0.026731660589575768,
0.025008443742990494,
-0.030327238142490387,
-0.005060878116637468,
-0.0022464944049715996,
0.051842622458934784,
0.07070031762123108,
-5.361339367972234e-33,
0.020951025187969208,
-0.008295712992548943,
-0.07908705621957779,
-0.006013788282871246,
-0.04655447602272034,
0.013092845678329468,
-0.03899505361914635,
-0.05145777389407158,
0.05526058003306389,
-0.03636907413601875,
-0.03149303048849106,
-0.03183607757091522,
-0.038313452154397964,
0.0009243247332051396,
0.010460521094501019,
-0.02949235960841179,
0.03777281939983368,
-0.042549978941679,
-0.03721184656023979,
0.018097979947924614,
-0.0016868042293936014,
-0.034449588507413864,
-0.07839319109916687,
0.05474746599793434,
-0.02645239233970642,
0.0515621155500412,
0.06187581270933151,
-0.0648832693696022,
-0.027150478214025497,
-0.09586715698242188,
-0.08566663414239883,
-0.10086279362440109,
-0.09384405612945557,
0.066637322306633,
-0.03602559119462967,
-0.14435352385044098,
0.07493676245212555,
-0.011331859044730663,
-0.06156930327415466,
0.05737468600273132,
0.0671873688697815,
0.09030552208423615,
-0.03098320960998535,
0.0584307536482811,
-0.05864889919757843,
0.0017413264140486717,
-0.017062807455658913,
-0.041321057826280594,
-0.006159121636301279,
0.04373902454972267,
0.023726440966129303,
-0.05258003994822502,
-0.06760901212692261,
-0.018719222396612167,
0.026725932955741882,
0.018774468451738358,
0.06796713173389435,
-0.04939928278326988,
-0.07863276451826096,
0.034817520529031754,
0.08977391570806503,
0.06666453182697296,
-0.0019005791982635856,
-0.004049583338201046,
-0.024750350043177605,
-0.03405537083745003,
-0.010663879103958607,
-0.05349781736731529,
0.10077580064535141,
0.024457069113850594,
0.021459192037582397,
-0.09787866473197937,
-0.07128626853227615,
-0.08864406496286392,
0.04451896250247955,
0.042306605726480484,
0.046362366527318954,
-0.08640097081661224,
-0.05999381095170975,
-0.01996227167546749,
-0.03883035108447075,
0.01941148191690445,
-0.01831996627151966,
-0.018476292490959167,
0.039950259029865265,
-0.024770889431238174,
0.043899551033973694,
-0.06760268658399582,
0.037220489233732224,
0.06629478186368942,
-0.07310903072357178,
-0.026492860168218613,
-0.07063288241624832,
0.06844072788953781,
0.011701858602464199,
-4.8533820518059656e-8,
-0.055515602231025696,
0.021566491574048996,
0.02690948359668255,
0.019340138882398605,
0.04456191509962082,
-0.07847289741039276,
0.021462446078658104,
0.029698573052883148,
0.019124716520309448,
-0.07602350413799286,
0.15978556871414185,
-0.023779112845659256,
0.009020487777888775,
-0.04437347874045372,
-0.0019110533175989985,
-0.06091128662228584,
-0.012676485814154148,
-0.01041259802877903,
-0.0105985002592206,
-0.013974961824715137,
-0.01481836661696434,
-0.034492671489715576,
0.039326850324869156,
-0.03875637799501419,
0.07813546061515808,
-0.06513913720846176,
0.053449805825948715,
0.11818470805883408,
0.044532351195812225,
0.03012692555785179,
0.009373249486088753,
0.020386626943945885,
0.051959794014692307,
-0.02187924273312092,
-0.013346364721655846,
-0.03879044950008392,
0.04525327309966087,
0.05124726891517639,
0.04324686527252197,
0.038304492831230164,
0.004825470969080925,
-0.013898426666855812,
0.023647870868444443,
0.06506019085645676,
0.010333814658224583,
-0.017340341582894325,
-0.09889446943998337,
-0.009339392185211182,
0.00282402359880507,
-0.08073083311319351,
-0.05103636160492897,
-0.04477715492248535,
0.008845790289342403,
0.10886555165052414,
0.05365782603621483,
0.06734258681535721,
-0.03041284903883934,
0.030337167903780937,
-0.012804522179067135,
-0.01161295734345913,
0.03734825924038887,
-0.038781456649303436,
-0.12235791981220245,
0.0029898809734731913
] | {
"pdf_file": "ORLP2EPAWI7SXKJRKMSGUIKONQPFFWIO.pdf",
"text": "21406 Federal Register / Vol. 70, No. 79 / Tuesday, April 26, 2005 / Notices \nDEPARTMENT OF ENERGY\nEnergy Information Administration Policy Statement —New Energy \nInformation Administration Policy for the Unscheduled Release of Revisions to the Weekly Natural Gas Storage Report\nAGENCY : Energy Information \nAdministration (EIA), Department of Energy (DOE).\nACTION : Policy statement; new Energy \nInformation Administration policy for the unscheduled release of revisions to the Weekly Natural Gas Storage Report . \nSUMMARY : The EIA has a new policy \nregarding the unscheduled release of revisions to weekly estimates of working gas volumes held in underground storage facilities at the national and regional levels disseminated in EIA ’s \nWeekly Natural Gas Storage Report \n(WNGSR). Under the new policy, the unscheduled release of revisions shall be disseminated in a special release of the WNGSR when the effect of reported changes is at least 10 billion cubic feet (Bcf) at either a regional or national level. The unscheduled release of revisions shall be disseminated on a Federal workday between 2 and 2:10 p.m. (Eastern Time) following public notification between 1 and 1:10 p.m. of the same day. Public notification will include, at a minimum, the following: A notice on EIA ’s Web site, e-mails to \nselected media, and a general e-mail notice sent to users of WNGSR data who have signed onto a free service available on EIA ’s Web site. The unscheduled \nrelease of revisions for this policy does not include revised estimates resulting from changes in the survey methodology or estimation parameters, which are \nscheduled and announced in advance; or revised estimates resulting from reclassifications of natural gas between working gas and base gas by natural gas storage companies, which are incorporated into the estimates during the next regularly scheduled WNGSR release.\nDATES : This policy becomes effective \nwith the WNGSR released on May 19, 2005, containing data as of May 13, 2005.\nADDRESSES : Requests for additional \ninformation or questions about this policy should be directed to William Trapmann. Mr. Trapmann may be contacted by telephone (202 –586–6408), \nFAX (202 –586–4220), or e-mail \n(William.Trapmann@eia.doe.gov ). \nThese methods are recommended to expedite contact. His mailing address is Energy Information Administration, EI –44, Forrestal Building, U.S. Department \nof Energy, Washington, DC 20585.\nFOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT : The \nWNGSR is available on EIA ’s Internet \nsite at http://tonto.eia.doe.gov/oog/info/\nngs/ngs.html . The survey Form EIA –912 \nand instructions used to collect information for the WNGSR are available at http://www.eia.doe.gov/\noil_gas/natural _gas/survey _forms/\nnat_survey _forms.html . The WNGSR \nrelease schedule is available at http://\ntonto.eia.doe.gov/oog/info/ngs/schedule.html .\nSUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION :\nI. Background \nII. Discussion of Comments III. Current Actions\nI. Background \nThe Federal Energy Administration \nAct of 1974 (Pub. L. 93 –275, 15 U.S.C. \n761 et seq. ) and the DOE Organization \nAct (Pub. L. 95 –91, 42 U.S.C. 7101 et \nseq.) require the EIA to carry out a \ncentralized, comprehensive, and unified energy information program. This program collects, evaluates, assembles, analyzes, and disseminates information on energy resource reserves, production, demand, technology, and related economic and statistical information. This information is used to assess the adequacy of energy resources to meet near and longer term domestic demands. \nThe Weekly Natural Gas Storage \nReport (WNGSR) has been issued by EIA \nsince May 9, 2002, providing weekly estimates of working gas volumes held in underground storage facilities at the national and regional levels. WNGSR users include policymakers, commodity market analysts, and industry experts. EIA uses the data to prepare analytical products assessing storage operations and the impact on supplies available, and to analyze relationships between demand, heating-degree-days, and inventory levels. \nThe WNGSR is based on information \ncollected on Form EIA –912, ‘‘Weekly \nUnderground Natural Gas Storage Report. ’’ Form EIA –912 respondents \nprovide estimates for working gas in storage as of 9 a.m. Friday each week. The deadline for submitting reports to the EIA is 5 p.m. (Eastern Time) the following Monday, except when Monday is a Federal holiday. In that case, the submission deadline is 5 p.m. on Tuesday. The WNGSR is released on Thursday between 10:30 and 10:40 a.m. (Eastern Time) on EIA ’s Web site ( http:/\n/tonto.eia.doe.gov/oog/info/ngs/ngs.html ), except when Thursday is a \nFederal holiday. A listing of changes to this general schedule is maintained on the EIA Web site at http://\ntonto.eia.doe.gov/oog/info/ngs/schedule.html . \nThe EIA provides the public and other \nFederal agencies with opportunities to comment on collections of energy information conducted by EIA. As appropriate, EIA also requests comments on important issues relevant to EIA ’s dissemination of energy \ninformation. Comments received help the EIA when preparing information collections and information products necessary to EIA ’s mission. \nOn January 7, 2005, EIA issued a \nFederal Register notice (70 FR 1426 –28) \nrequesting public comments on proposed changes to the current policy for handling revisions to information disseminated in the WNGSR. In that notice, EIA discussed the reasons for WNGSR revisions as well as three potential proposed policy options for the unscheduled release of revisions: (1) The existing policy of No Unscheduled Release, in which the revised information is disseminated in the next scheduled WNGSR; (2) Fixed Timing, in which revisions of sufficient magnitude are released at a fixed time and day prior to the next regularly scheduled release of the WNGSR; and (3) Variable Timing, in which revisions of sufficient magnitude may be disseminated 2 hours after EIA issues notification.\nII. Discussion of Comments \nIn response to the Federal Register \nnotice requesting comments on the proposed WNGSR revision policy, EIA received 26 sets of comments. Most of the comments were from energy firms and trade groups. \nThe comments tended to focus on the \nfollowing general issues for which EIA specifically requested a response: \n•Whether EIA should release \nrevisions to the Weekly Natural Gas \nStorage Report outside the regular \nestablished weekly schedule, and if so, whether that should occur on a fixed or variable schedule. \n•The magnitude of the threshold that \nmay trigger an unscheduled release of revisions. \n•The timing and pre-notification \nguidelines for the unscheduled release of revisions, including the length of time between notification and subsequent data release. \n•If prior notification is used, whether \na notification approach using a posting on the EIA Web site and e-mail is sufficient. \n•Whether the hours for an \nunscheduled release should be limited to Federal work hours or the operating hours of selected energy trading markets. \nVerDate jul<14>2003 11:52 Apr 25, 2005 Jkt 205001 PO 00000 Frm 00018 Fmt 4703 Sfmt 4703 E:\\FR\\FM\\26APN1.SGM 26APN1 21407 Federal Register / Vol. 70, No. 79 / Tuesday, April 26, 2005 / Notices \nAs to whether EIA should conduct the \nunscheduled release of revisions to the Weekly Natural Gas Storage Report, two \nrespondents indicated that EIA should continue the existing policy of issuing revisions only on the official schedule, while twenty-one indicated a preference that revisions be made available prior to the next scheduled release, and the three remaining respondents did not express a preference. The respondents who preferred no change in the current policy felt that it was adequate. Most of the respondents who were in favor of changing the current policy to permit unscheduled releases outside the regular weekly cycle argued that providing the market with the revised data more promptly would ensure that the storage data being used by market participants were as accurate and timely as possible. \nWith regard to the appropriateness of \nthe suggested threshold of 15 Bcf to trigger an unscheduled release of revisions, responses varied considerably. Fifteen respondents expressed a preference for thresholds ranging up to 15 Bcf. Of those fifteen, two respondents favored thresholds below 7 Bcf, six favored a 7 Bcf threshold, one suggested a range of 7 to 10 Bcf, three favored 10 Bcf, and three favored a 15 Bcf threshold. Another respondent suggested the threshold should be a percentage of current working gas stocks, although a percentage was not specified. The remaining ten respondents did not provide an opinion regarding a threshold that would trigger an unscheduled release. \nOn the timing and pre-notification of \nthe unscheduled release of revisions, three respondents indicated that EIA should not provide early notification, fourteen indicated that pre-notification 2 hours in advance was appropriate, one respondent suggested an overnight delay, and the remaining eight respondents did not state a preference. Respondents opposed to a delay between the pre-notification and the unscheduled release of a revision expressed a preference to have the information as soon as possible. Respondents in favor of pre-notification asserted that the early notice would give market participants time to prepare for the new information and help ensure that they would receive the information simultaneously. With respect to how to issue a pre-notification of an impending unscheduled release, all twelve respondents expressing a preference indicated that some combination of an e-mail notice and Web site posting would be sufficient, with one respondent suggesting a press release \nalso. \nIn reference to the potential hours \nduring which the unscheduled release of revisions may occur, seven respondents indicated that such releases should occur anytime, five expressed a preference for major energy market hours, and three suggested that Federal government work hours would be appropriate. Eleven respondents did not express an opinion on this issue. Respondents indicating a preference for a broader release horizon argued that the information should be made available as soon as possible. However, it was not clear whether these respondents literally meant anytime or implicitly preferred Federal work hours. Those preferring unscheduled releases during the business hours of the major energy markets indicated that a release during that period would be more equitable for all market participants. \nEIA’s Response to Comments Received \nThe comments on the issue of a policy \nfor the unscheduled release of WNGSR revisions generally focused on the benefit of the public having the most accurate data as soon it can be made available as well as reducing uncertainty for market participants. While the benefits of providing the unscheduled release of revisions are not empirically measurable, commenters generally agreed that more flexibility in releasing this information will be an improvement to EIA ’s current policy of \nno unscheduled release of revisions, despite the likely resulting costs of monitoring EIA for the possibility of an unscheduled release.\nThere are a number of factors that \nwere considered in developing a more flexible unscheduled release policy. First, EIA ’s goal is to provide all market \nparticipants fair opportunity to access new information at the same time to avoid bestowing an unfair advantage on \na subset of market participants. The unscheduled release of revisions makes ensuring fairness to all market participants problematic because market participants may not learn of a revision at the same time. While many respondents asserted that a variable release policy would reduce market uncertainty, the possibility of an unscheduled release occurring at any time during the day could increase market uncertainty more often than not, as rumors about revisions may occur more frequently than revisions themselves. A revision policy in which revisions may occur on any Federal workday at a specified fixed time balances the public ’s desire for up-to-\ndate, accurate information with managing the uncertainty and \ndisruption that may be associated with on-going updates. \nEIA is establishing a policy with a \ntime for the unscheduled release of revisions between 2 and 2:10 p.m. on a Federal workday in order to reduce uncertainty in the market and the cost of monitoring EIA ’s Internet site \ncontinually for revision announcements. Further, the only time that EIA will issue a notification of an upcoming release of revisions will be between 1 p.m. and 1:10 p.m. during a Federal workday. \nAn approximate 1 hour delay between \nnotification and release of a revision will provide market participants adequate opportunity to prepare for the new data and will not unduly delay the release of the information to the public. The announcement of a pending release will occur in multiple ways including through a Web site announcement, e-mails to selected media, and a general e-mail notice sent to users of WNGSR data who have signed onto a free service available on EIA ’s Web site. Users \nshould note that timely delivery of the notification through e-mail depends on a number of factors, including their Internet service providers and Internet traffic, and in some cases a notification may not be received before the release of the revised WNGSR. However, reliance on multiple forms of communication will work to minimize difficulties in informing the public. \nThe new policy reflects EIA ’s \nconcerns regarding its ability to execute the unscheduled releases effectively. While considering implementation plans for a more flexible policy, EIA determined that market participants with automated Web browser programs (also called ‘‘robots ’’) may continually \nmonitor EIA ’s Web site for an \nannouncement. The system congestion caused by users in short episodes, such as occurs each Thursday at 10:30 a.m. for the scheduled release of the WNGSR, has been noticeable to EIA Web site managers, but has not caused significant problems to date. If EIA had a policy of releasing an unscheduled WNGSR revision at any time during the day, users might impose a similar load on EIA’s system on a continual basis. The \nsustained high level of activity on EIA ’s \nWeb site could overwhelm the system \nand seriously degrade system performance and responsiveness for all users. This could prevent EIA from successfully executing a release and even jeopardize EIA ’s overall Internet \noperations. By limiting customer interest to brief periods around 1 –1:10 \np.m. for notification, and 2 –2:10 p.m. \nfor release of an unscheduled release, \nVerDate jul<14>2003 11:52 Apr 25, 2005 Jkt 205001 PO 00000 Frm 00019 Fmt 4703 Sfmt 4703 E:\\FR\\FM\\26APN1.SGM 26APN1 21408 Federal Register / Vol. 70, No. 79 / Tuesday, April 26, 2005 / Notices \nthe threat to EIA ’s Internet capabilities \nis reduced. \nThis approach to timing of the \nannouncement of an impending unscheduled release of a WNGSR revision will allow for revisions to be released as early as the same day the need for a revision is identified including situations in which the need for a revision is identified shortly after the WNGSR is released. It achieves this result in a manner that should not create unnecessary costs for users with limited resources and helps to avoid potential difficulties that might jeopardize the operational integrity of EIA ’s Internet \nsite. \nLastly, each new announcement that \nEIA makes about the natural gas storage data seems to have a significant influence on market trading. Announcement of a pending unscheduled release likely will be accompanied by price volatility or a virtual suspension of trading, either of which constitutes a disruption of normal trading. As a result, it seems prudent for EIA to adopt a threshold for an unscheduled release of a revision higher than the current 7 Bcf threshold for a regularly scheduled revision to the WNGSR. EIA selected a threshold of 10 Bcf. Using this threshold, EIA would have had one unscheduled release of a WNGSR revision between January 1, 2003, and March 31, 2005. \nThis new policy will become effective \nwith the WNGSR released on May 19, 2005, containing data as of May 13, 2005. This date was chosen to ensure \nadequate time for developing and testing unscheduled release procedures, testing revised report formats, and working with WNGSR customers on the new formats. A test site for the modified report formats (which will be redesigned to accommodate revision markers) will be provided in early May. Information about the test site and changes will be provided on the WNGSR Web site in the first week of May.\nIII. Current Actions \nEIA is establishing a new policy for \nthe unscheduled release of revisions to certain information disseminated in the WNGSR. In establishing this new policy, EIA recognizes the importance of timeliness in providing revised storage estimates. After considering all factors, EIA decided to establish a policy allowing for the unscheduled release of WNGSR revisions on any Federal workday at a set time between 2 and 2:10 p.m. after public notification between 1 and 1:10 p.m. This timetable would allow for a same-day correction to a morning WNGSR release in the event that a significant error in the data \nsubmitted by respondents or in EIA ’s \nprocessing of that data is discovered shortly after it is issued. \nThis new policy will not apply to \nscheduled releases such as changes in methodology or estimation parameters, which are scheduled and announced in advance. It also will not apply to revised estimates resulting from respondents reclassifying gas already in underground storage facilities (between working gas and base gas inventories). Revisions based on reclassifications of gas will only be reported in the next regularly-scheduled release of the WNGSR. The timing of a reclassification is often discretionary for the respondent. Even when it is not ( e.g., it becomes final on \nthe basis of regulatory agency action), the respondent has unique knowledge related to a potential revision. In order to limit the possible disruption to markets caused by the reclassification of previous working gas inventories, reclassifications will be included in the estimate for the next regularly scheduled WNGSR release, no matter when they are officially accounted for by the respondent. Reclassifications exceeding a 7 Bcf threshold will be noted in the WNGSR text, although as adjustments to the current week data, they are not actually revisions. As a result, reclassifications would not lead to mid-week revisions which would be known in advance by only one respondent. All revisions that continue to be disseminated in regularly-scheduled releases of the WNGSR will be handled according to the revision policy established in a prior notice published in the Federal Register on \nNovember 12, 2002 (67 FR 68581 –\n68583). That policy also appears in the WNGSR Methodology documentation available at http://tonto.eia.doe.gov/oog/\ninfo/ngs/methodology.html#revisions. \nEIA WNGSR Policy for Unscheduled \nRelease of Revisions \nThe unscheduled release of revisions \nto weekly estimates of working gas held in underground storage caused by data changes or corrections when the cumulative effect of these changes is at least 10 Bcf shall be disseminated on a \nFederal workday between 2 p.m. and 2:10 p.m. (Eastern Time) following notice of the pending release to the public between 1 p.m. and 1:10 p.m. (Eastern Time). If a revision is made, changes to all affected regions shall be recorded in the 2 –2:10 p.m. release. \nPublic notification will occur in a number of ways including a Web site notice of the impending release of revised data that will replace the current Weekly Natural Gas Storage Report (WNGSR), e-mail notification to selected \nmedia, and an e-mail notice that will be sent to all users of WNGSR data who have signed onto a free distribution service. There are two exceptions to the release of revised WNGSR data on an unscheduled basis. First, this unscheduled release policy will not apply to data changes resulting from changes in the methodology or estimation parameters. Second, revised estimates due to respondents reclassifying gas (between working gas and base gas inventories) will be reported only in regularly-scheduled releases of the WNGSR. \nEIA reserves the right to revisit or \namend this policy at any time at the discretion of the Administrator. However, EIA will provide prior notification in the Weekly Natural Gas \nStorage Report or the Federal Register \nbefore implementing any changes.\nStatutory Authority: Section 52 of the \nFederal Energy Administration Act (Pub. L. 93–275, 15 U.S.C. 790a).\nIssued in Washington, DC, April 20, 2005. \nGuy F. Caruso, Administrator, Energy Information \nAdministration.\n[FR Doc. 05 –8298 Filed 4 –25–05; 8:45 am] \nBILLING CODE 6450 –01–P\nENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION \nAGENCY \n[OECA –2005 –0014; FRL –7903 –6] \nAgency Information Collection \nActivities: Proposed Collection; Comment Request; State Review Framework; EPA ICR Number 2185.01\nAGENCY : Environmental Protection \nAgency (EPA).\nACTION : Notice.\nSUMMARY : In compliance with the \nPaperwork Reduction Act (44 U.S.C. 3501 et seq. ), this document announces \nthat EPA is planning to submit a proposed Information Collection Request (ICR) to the Office of Management and Budget (OMB). This is a request for a new collection. Before submitting the ICR to OMB for review and approval, EPA is soliciting comments on specific aspects of the proposed information collection as described below.\nDATES : Comments must be submitted on \nor before June 27, 2005.\nADDRESSES : Submit your comments, \nreferencing docket ID number OECA –\n2005 –0014 to EPA online using \nEDOCKET (our preferred method), by e-mail to docket.oeca@epa.gov , or by mail \nVerDate jul<14>2003 11:52 Apr 25, 2005 Jkt 205001 PO 00000 Frm 00020 Fmt 4703 Sfmt 4703 E:\\FR\\FM\\26APN1.SGM 26APN1"
} |
[
-0.06433264911174774,
0.09619311988353729,
0.03204483166337013,
-0.052236251533031464,
0.014163956977427006,
0.05313272401690483,
0.03632443770766258,
0.002025095745921135,
0.022887129336595535,
0.06195805221796036,
0.06981359422206879,
0.05785107985138893,
0.020911673083901405,
0.003810618771240115,
-0.03929651901125908,
0.057905226945877075,
0.0566793829202652,
0.03897662088274956,
-0.048202451318502426,
0.07830966264009476,
0.05269981548190117,
0.052015189081430435,
0.02428235299885273,
0.03351555019617081,
-0.04998667165637016,
0.06597086787223816,
-0.018666869029402733,
-0.09819508343935013,
-0.0215237345546484,
0.02507937140762806,
-0.019749494269490242,
0.029691850766539574,
-0.02418120577931404,
0.014689789153635502,
0.044654760509729385,
-0.09794579446315765,
0.008924579247832298,
0.031832605600357056,
0.05775166675448418,
0.0008041271939873695,
0.05359295755624771,
-0.011555700562894344,
-0.05035742372274399,
-0.0378815196454525,
-0.0627083033323288,
-0.010333952493965626,
-0.03877514600753784,
0.02101563848555088,
0.013165377080440521,
0.010363305918872356,
-0.01275639608502388,
-0.018516330048441887,
0.05194992944598198,
0.04715155065059662,
-0.018894875422120094,
-0.039175212383270264,
0.037358786910772324,
0.03549482673406601,
-0.010875399224460125,
0.06504262238740921,
0.031074486672878265,
0.027583317831158638,
-0.028266502544283867,
0.03975776955485344,
0.05710325017571449,
0.08226778358221054,
-0.0313742458820343,
-0.0865805596113205,
0.06000930070877075,
0.01459182146936655,
0.021797459572553635,
-0.01400762889534235,
0.007336083333939314,
-0.03289933130145073,
-0.0438472218811512,
0.009712498635053635,
0.03448893129825592,
-0.015178483910858631,
-0.00921718031167984,
-0.051191288977861404,
0.018191257491707802,
-0.036659691482782364,
-0.04121333733201027,
-0.031458113342523575,
0.017929593101143837,
-0.07886259257793427,
-0.04204333573579788,
0.030383383855223656,
0.036744751036167145,
-0.04522628337144852,
0.017483269795775414,
-0.006306156050413847,
-0.07343125343322754,
-0.06602274626493454,
0.14003756642341614,
-0.04353741556406021,
-0.028547951951622963,
0.08528999239206314,
0.0009243970853276551,
0.09442833811044693,
0.0718168392777443,
0.06376944482326508,
-0.055531587451696396,
-0.07427618652582169,
-0.014410503208637238,
-0.0625840276479721,
-0.03315606340765953,
-0.011683298274874687,
-0.06733851879835129,
0.07120902091264725,
0.007471383549273014,
-0.009484423324465752,
0.04896015301346779,
0.003556635929271579,
0.01895853318274021,
0.07382769882678986,
0.017071343958377838,
0.1328270435333252,
-0.04675779864192009,
-0.08431448042392731,
0.029659677296876907,
0.029977397993206978,
-0.016438378021121025,
0.06873007118701935,
0.013258017599582672,
-0.049708325415849686,
-0.08882752060890198,
-6.224003815314002e-33,
-0.01458348985761404,
-0.013849996961653233,
-0.0537327378988266,
-0.03999417647719383,
0.062370482832193375,
-0.01372052263468504,
0.0002669235982466489,
-0.03150959312915802,
0.0578584223985672,
0.07582616060972214,
-0.03855981305241585,
-0.012398084625601768,
0.022534320130944252,
-0.11927438527345657,
-0.053512901067733765,
-0.005947585217654705,
0.0135439932346344,
0.07736726105213165,
-0.08185873925685883,
-0.004038532730191946,
0.08838486671447754,
-0.037671688944101334,
-0.012198522686958313,
0.06183268874883652,
-0.12372396886348724,
-0.03262726590037346,
-0.05694163590669632,
-0.013565316796302795,
-0.009204256348311901,
-0.014098301529884338,
-0.044372234493494034,
0.11156255751848221,
0.08898303657770157,
0.07851225137710571,
0.08198588341474533,
-0.03854379430413246,
-0.02429027296602726,
-0.030238015577197075,
0.002729940228164196,
-0.017018752172589302,
-0.01489738468080759,
0.02924800105392933,
0.05240023508667946,
-0.05477117374539375,
-0.04567965865135193,
-0.04225386306643486,
-0.12239813804626465,
0.001228536362759769,
-0.0020658124703913927,
-0.00579081941395998,
0.05051498860120773,
0.048326242715120316,
-0.033058710396289825,
-0.05765649676322937,
-0.05127483606338501,
-0.014085376635193825,
-0.03578513115644455,
-0.05645950883626938,
0.02527669444680214,
0.024263154715299606,
0.07448938488960266,
0.08226974308490753,
-0.04313177987933159,
-0.03702644631266594,
-0.08250521123409271,
-0.024773020297288895,
-0.06858127564191818,
-0.046066541224718094,
0.0336870513856411,
-0.07326067984104156,
0.020823683589696884,
0.03755737841129303,
0.014833112247288227,
0.035188909620046616,
0.06593587249517441,
-0.03585352376103401,
0.01249998901039362,
0.05360458046197891,
-0.0029915429186075926,
-0.07452864199876785,
-0.04966443032026291,
-0.12406343966722488,
-0.021413497626781464,
0.04269414395093918,
0.000658275792375207,
-0.010998458601534367,
0.009287117049098015,
-0.06274878233671188,
-0.011038430035114288,
-0.028758371248841286,
0.0003892284876201302,
-0.04515151306986809,
-0.15946030616760254,
0.005527747329324484,
0.0023587625473737717,
2.4657547865092474e-33,
-0.053836923092603683,
0.003928023856133223,
-0.05850807949900627,
-0.0005750725977122784,
0.03270389139652252,
-0.011950112879276276,
0.00021214685693848878,
-0.04451077803969383,
0.029337488114833832,
-0.03712454065680504,
0.022087913006544113,
-0.04197913408279419,
-0.01161345187574625,
0.06681343168020248,
-0.042442768812179565,
0.05025237053632736,
0.09089392423629761,
-0.004216460045427084,
-0.0827144905924797,
0.022229081019759178,
0.02179195173084736,
0.016841251403093338,
-0.09980717301368713,
0.019583841785788536,
-0.04632813110947609,
-0.005165583454072475,
0.07517824321985245,
-0.005019656848162413,
0.023055527359247208,
0.03777335584163666,
-0.10552690178155899,
0.06268702447414398,
-0.05710684508085251,
-0.04404057562351227,
-0.06210470572113991,
-0.007507252041250467,
0.11586443334817886,
0.01571572944521904,
-0.07895617932081223,
-0.004411366302520037,
0.01280149444937706,
0.07135841250419617,
-0.04762428253889084,
0.06162400171160698,
-0.012467760592699051,
0.0257636196911335,
0.07210731506347656,
0.031052924692630768,
0.02511535957455635,
-0.011828665621578693,
0.06107728183269501,
0.05148693919181824,
0.09667026251554489,
0.06871461123228073,
-0.03768607974052429,
0.03885499760508537,
0.019279731437563896,
-0.1010834127664566,
-0.07044503837823868,
-0.014644739218056202,
0.09333937615156174,
0.12203370779752731,
-0.11179634183645248,
-0.10328184068202972,
0.04026222229003906,
-0.011023413389921188,
-0.048379141837358475,
-0.008088226430118084,
0.04477831721305847,
-0.04028652235865593,
-0.016267064958810806,
-0.11762867867946625,
0.03313511237502098,
-0.04854319244623184,
0.06460124254226685,
0.04407282918691635,
-0.07022029161453247,
-0.0787883996963501,
-0.08418227732181549,
0.024753423407673836,
0.00965545978397131,
-0.06390157341957092,
0.0031371074728667736,
0.04450354725122452,
0.031765084713697433,
0.053797997534275055,
0.052820801734924316,
-0.03217771276831627,
-0.02659391425549984,
0.06556957960128784,
0.01948682963848114,
0.02658560685813427,
-0.05384858325123787,
0.05117449909448624,
-0.031579677015542984,
-5.8428675231425586e-8,
-0.029787536710500717,
0.04469786956906319,
-0.05594557896256447,
0.007105779834091663,
0.02983199991285801,
0.04106844216585159,
0.0253339521586895,
-0.0004769355873577297,
0.011408518068492413,
0.005363551899790764,
0.04355751350522041,
0.016483932733535767,
-0.058024581521749496,
-0.05360502004623413,
-0.0050293137319386005,
-0.007253177464008331,
-0.01820221357047558,
0.016100075095891953,
-0.0536978542804718,
-0.05118831247091293,
-0.026332616806030273,
0.013338841497898102,
-0.08772797882556915,
0.010825751349329948,
0.028269585222005844,
-0.05121062695980072,
-0.01768364943563938,
0.021617034450173378,
-0.02561185136437416,
0.05344739556312561,
-0.05727974697947502,
0.04803469032049179,
0.011672941036522388,
-0.08871243894100189,
-0.06974425166845322,
0.04024166613817215,
0.012153483927249908,
0.021303189918398857,
0.035479675978422165,
-0.0194100309163332,
-0.07430026680231094,
0.018380269408226013,
-0.02054852433502674,
0.07529650628566742,
0.11451268941164017,
-0.05881986394524574,
-0.054298169910907745,
-0.04663576930761337,
0.018985332921147346,
-0.0030878079123795033,
0.038633640855550766,
0.01604672707617283,
0.028759125620126724,
0.0021680742502212524,
0.11045511066913605,
0.06821005791425705,
0.04524049907922745,
0.0017330433474853635,
-0.08418712764978409,
-0.014291873201727867,
0.011322921141982079,
0.04431869089603424,
0.06815686076879501,
0.013626370579004288
] | {
"pdf_file": "7N6KRBZIEFV4F5QLLW3GBF6LKNNWSWVB.pdf",
"text": "UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT\nDISTRICT OF CONNECTICUT\n------------------------------x\n:\nUNITED STATES OF AMERICA :\n:\nv. : NO. 3:06CR0059(AWT)\n:\nSHAMAR A. THORNTON :\n:\n------------------------------x\n \nRULING ON DEFENDANT’S MOTION\n TO SUPPRESS AND DEFENDANT’S REQUEST FOR A HEARING\nFor the reasons set forth below, defendant Shamar A.\nThorton’s Motion to Suppress (Doc. No. 13) and his Motion for a\nHearing (Doc. No. 14) are being denied.\nI.FACTUAL AND PROCEDURAL BACKGROUND\nOn or about October 5, 2005, the Hartford DEA Task Force\nreceived information from a confidential informant regarding an\nindividual believed to be engaged in the sale and distribution of\ncrack cocaine in the Bowles Park area of Hartford. The\nconfidential informant provided a physical description of the\nsuspect and a description of his vehicle. On October 5, 2005, an\nindividual who matched the physical description provided by the\nconfidential informant was observed by the investigating agents\nentering 251 Nahum Drive and exiting a few minutes later. The\nsubject, later identified as defendant Shamar A. Thornton was\nthen observed entering the vehicle described by the confidential\ninformant and driving away from 251 Nahum Drive. The\ninvestigating agents observed the vehicle roll through a stop - 2 -sign and fail to signal when turning. While the defendant was\nstopped in traffic, he appeared to notice the investigating\nagents’ unmarked vehicles, and he was observed checking his\nmirrors and looking around as if looking for an escape route. \nWhen the defendant put his vehicle in reverse, the investigating\nagents approached the vehicle. The defendant appeared to panic,\nand Task Force Agent Burgos observed the defendant stuff\nsomething down the back of his pants. The defendant was removed\nfrom the vehicle and handcuffed. \nTask Force Agent Plourde, a certified K-9 handler, directed\nhis K-9 to sniff the defendant’s vehicle and person. The K-9\nalerted on the defendant’s buttocks area. As Burgos was about to\nconduct a pat down of the defendant’s person, the defendant\nstated that he had stuffed a small amount of crack cocaine down\nhis pants and that he was sorry. As a crowd began to assemble in\nthe area, the investigating agents decided to transport the\ndefendant to a parking lot approximately one block away. Burgos\nsubsequently located and seized from the defendant’s person a\nplastic bag containing 25 knotted plastic bags, each of which\ncontained a white rock-like substance. A field test confirmed\nthe presence of cocaine. \nPlourde and other investigating agents then proceeded to 251\nNahum Drive, Apartment 1A, where they met Marquila Alexander, the\ndefendant’s girlfriend. Alexander confirmed that she lived in - 3 -the apartment with the defendant. Alexander provided written\nconsent to search the apartment. In a bedroom dresser drawer\ncontaining male underwear and documents and letters belonging to\nthe defendant, the investigating agents found a Rossi .38 caliber\nrevolver. In addition, a substance that later field tested\npositive for cocaine and .38 caliber ammunition were seized from\na safe located inside a bedroom closet. \nThe defendant was transported to the DEA’s Hartford field\noffice, where he was advised of his Miranda rights. He waived\nhis rights and provided a written statement in which he admitted\nownership and possession of the crack cocaine, as well as the\nammunition and the firearm found at his residence.\nOn February 28, 2006, the defendant was arrested and charged\nby criminal complaint with Possession of a Firearm by a Convicted\nFelon. On March 8, 2006, a Grand Jury sitting in Bridgeport\nreturned a three-count indictment charging the defendant with\nPossession of a Firearm by a Convicted Felon, in violation of 18\nU.S.C. § 922(g)(1), Possession with Intent to Distribute 5 or\nMore Grams of Cocaine Base, in violation of 21 U.S.C. §§\n841(a)(1) and 841(b)(1)(B), and Possession of a Firearm in\nFurtherance of a Drug Trafficking Crime, in violation of 21\nU.S.C. § 924(c)(1)(A).\nThe defendant has moved to suppress (i) the controlled\nsubstances seized from his person; (ii) his statement to - 4 -investigating agents that he stuffed a small amount of crack\ncocaine down his pants; (iii) objects seized by investigating\nagents from 251 Nahum Drive, Apartment 1A; and (iv) his oral and\nwritten statements made at the DEA’s Hartford field office. \nII.ARGUMENT\nA.Request for Evidentiary Hearing\nIt is well settled in the Second Circuit that a defendant\nseeking to suppress evidence bears the burden of demonstrating\nthat there are disputed issues of fact that would justify an\nevidentiary hearing. United States v. Culotta, 413 F.2d 1343,\n1345 (2d Cir. 1969); United States v. Gillette, 383 F.2d 843,\n848-49 (2d Cir. 1967). A defendant’s burden is not satisfied by\n“conclusory, non-particularized allegations of unlawful official\nbehavior.” United States v. Tracy, 758 F. Supp. 816, 820 (D.\nConn. 1991). Rather, the showing required to justify a hearing\nmust be made by an affidavit of someone with personal knowledge\nof the underlying facts; a defense attorney’s declarations are\ninsufficient. Gillette, 383 F.2d at 848-49 (affidavit by defense\nattorney in support of motion not based on attorney’s personal\nknowledge was insufficient to create factual issues required to\nbe resolved at an evidentiary hearing); Shaw, 260 F. Supp.2d at\n570 (same); United States v. Caruso, 684 F. Supp. 84, 87\n(S.D.N.Y. 1988)(same). - 5 -Experienc e shows that unless such serious charges are\ninitiated upon the sworn statement of persons having\npersonal knowledge of the facts, a great deal of time of\nthe parties and the Court is frequently wasted upon\nunnecessary, expensive and protracted suppression\nhearings, all for the reason that the attorney demanding\nsuppressi on merely upon his own say-so often discovers\nonly at the hearing that he had been misled by unsworn\nmisrepresentations of his clients, which they would be\nunwilling to swear to in an affidavit, particularly if\nthey were questioned closely by their counsel and warned\nof the consequences of perjury.\nUnited States v. Garcia, 272 F. Supp. 286, 290 (S.D.N.Y. 1976). \nA motion to suppress not supported by an affidavit by someone\nwith personal knowledge of the facts may be properly denied\nwithout a hearing. United States v. Ruggiero, 824 F. Supp. 379,\n393-94 (S.D.N.Y 1993); United States v. Sierra-Garcia, 760 F.\nSupp. 252, 264-65 (E.D.N.Y 1991).\nHere, the defendant’s motion is predicated entirely on the\nunsworn assertions of his counsel. The defendant argues that the\ntraffic stop was not lawful because he “did not roll through a\nstop sign . . did not fail to signal while turning and he did not\nplace the car in reverse.” Mem. in Supp. of Def.’s Mot. to\nSuppress (Doc. No. 13-2)(“Def.’s Br.”), 2. The defendant argues\nfurther that his statement at the scene of the traffic stop was a\nproduct of custodial interrogation and offered without him having\nreceived Miranda warnings. Id. With respect to the search of 251\nNahum Drive, the defendant argues that he did not provide consent\nand he “believes” that Marquila Alexander did not consent\nvoluntarily. Id. Lastly, the defendant argues that his - 6 -statement at the DEA’s Hartford field office was involuntary, and\ngiven without him having received his Miranda warnings. Id. \nThe defendant submits no affidavit or other documentation in\nsupport of his motion.\n The unsupported factual assertions of his counsel are\ninsufficient to warrant an evidentiary hearing or justify the\nrelief requested by the defendant. Moreover, these unsworn\nassertions are disputed by statements in the Hartford Police\nDepartment incident report and in the sworn affidavit submitted\nin support of the Criminal Complaint. See Government’s Resp. to\nDef.’s Mot. To Suppress and Objection to Def.’s Req. for a Hr’g\n(Doc. No. 18) (“Government’s Resp.”), Ex. A; Compl., Borysevicz\nAff. (Doc. No. 1). By way of contrast, in the absence of a sworn\nstatement by an affiant with personal knowledge, the defendant\nhas no accountability for the assertions that his counsel has\nmade.\nThe defendant argues that he should not be required to\nsubstantiate his claims with a sworn statement because he is at\nrisk for an enhancement for obstruction of justice should he be\nconvicted and the court concludes he proffered a false sworn\nstatement. The defendant provides no legal support for his\nrequest that the court convene an evidentiary hearing without him\nbeing required to show that there is a genuine dispute as to a\nmaterial fact. However, a key reason for requiring a sworn - 7 -affidavit is to make the defendant and any other witnesses\naccountable for their statements to the court. The investigating\nagents have asserted the relevant facts in a police incident\nreport and in a sworn affidavit. The relevant case law requires\nthe same of the defendant. There is no reasonable basis here to\nexcuse the defendant from satisfying the requirements for being\ngiven an evidentiary hearing.\n B. The Traffic Stop \nThe defendant argues that, contrary to the representations\nby the investigating agents, he did not violate traffic\nregulations. As discussed above, the defendant fails to make a\nshowing that there is a genuine dispute as to this factual issue. \nTask Force Agents have represented that they observed the\ndefendant roll through a stop sign and turn without first using a\nturn signal. “The decision to stop an automobile is reasonable\nwhere the police have probable cause to believe that a traffic\nviolation has occurred.” United States v. Harrell, 268 F.3d 141,\n148 (2d. Cir. 2001) (quoting Whren v. United States, 517 U.S.\n806, 810 (1996)). See, e.g., Conn. Gen. Stat. §§14-242, 244 and\n301. Here, the records shows that the agents observed the\ndefendant commit traffic violations.\nIf a traffic stop is lawful, the driver and any passenger do\nnot have a Fourth Amendment interest in not being ordered out of\nthe stopped vehicle. See Pennsylvania v. Mimms, 434 U.S. 106 - 8 -(1977) (once vehicle is lawfully stopped, ordering driver out of\ncar is a de minimis intrusion and driver has no Fourth Amendment\ninterest in not being ordered out of car); Maryland v. Wilson,\n519 U.S. 408 (1997) (passengers in lawfully stopped car have no\nFourth Amendment interest in not being ordered out of car). Once\nthe defendant’s vehicle was observed violating a traffic\nregulation, the agents were authorized to stop the vehicle, order\nthe defendant to exit the vehicle and detain him for a reasonable\nperiod of time so that the agents could further their\ninvestigation. \nHere, it appears that when the defendant detected the\npresence of the investigating agents, he put the vehicle in\nreverse and began to search for an escape route. As the agents\nconverged on his car, the defendant was observed stuffing\nsomething down the back of his pants. Based on these\nobservations, and considered in light of the fact that the\ndefendant had been described by a reliable informant as a small\ntime crack cocaine dealer, the agents had reasonable suspicion to\nextend the duration of the detention and investigate further. \nThe Fourth Amendment permits law enforcement officers to initiate\ninvestigative stops when they have “reasonable suspicion,\nsupported by articulable facts that criminal activity ‘may be a\nfoot.’” United States v. Sokolow, 490 U.S. 1, 7 (1989) (quoting\nTerry v. Ohio, 392 U.S. 1, 30 (1968); see also United States v. - 9 -Cortez, 449 U.S. 411, 417 (“An investigatory stop must be\njustified by some objective manifestation that the person stopped\nis, or is about to be, engaged in criminal activity.”). “[T]he\nlevel of suspicion required for a Terry stop is obviously less\ndemanding than that for probable cause.” Sokolow, 490 U.S. at 7\n(citations omitted). “Although an officer's reliance on a mere\n‘hunch’ is insufficient to justify a stop, the likelihood of\ncriminal activity need not rise to the level required for\nprobable cause, and it falls considerably short of satisfying a\npreponderance of the evidence standard.” United States v. Arvizu,\n534 U.S. 266, 273-274 (2002) (citations omitted).\nIn determining whether the information possessed by a law\nenforcement officer provided a sufficient basis for a stop, the\ncourt is required to look at the totality of the circumstances. \nArvizu, 534 U.S. at 273; Alabama v. White, 496 U.S. 325, 330\n(1990). “[T]he court must evaluate those circumstances ‘through\nthe eyes of a reasonable and cautious police officer on the\nscene, guided by his experience and training.’” United States v.\nColon, 250 F.3d 130, 134 (2d Cir. 2001) (quoting United States v.\nBayless, 201 F.3d 16, 133 (2d Cir. 2000). The “totality of the\ncircumstances” inquiry permits police officers to “make\ninferences from and deductions about the cumulative information\navailable to them that might well elude an untrained person.” \nArvizu, at 273 (quotations omitted). - 10 -Here, the record shows that the traffic stop by the\ninvestigating agents was supported by reasonable suspicion, as\nwas the extension of the duration of the detention and the\nfurther investigation.\nC. Search at 251 Nahum Drive.\nThe defendant argues that the search of the apartment he\nshared with Marquila Alexander at 251 Nahum Drive was conducted\nwithout consent. He argues that he “believes” Alexander’s\nconsent was involuntary. This is an equivocal and\nunsubstantiated assertion that cannot justify either an\nevidentiary hearing or suppression of the items seized from the\napartment. Also, the defendant’s argument about fear of an\nenhancement for obstruction of justice should he be found guilty\nis not relevant here because an affidavit would be submitted by\nAlexander, not by the defendant. \nIn addition, Alexander’s written consent to a search of the\napartment flatly contradicts the defendant’s unsupported\nassertion. See Government’s Resp., Ex. B. On the consent form,\nAlexander represents that she was not “threatened, nor forced in\nany way” and that she “freely consent[s] to this search.” Id.\nD. Defendant’s Statements During the Traffic Stop.\nThe defendant argues that he did not say to Burgos that he\nhad stuffed a small amount of crack cocaine down his pants, and\nalso that, in any event, he was not given Miranda warnings. See - 11 -Miranda v. Arizona, 384 U.S. 436 (1966). Both of the arguments\nby defense counsel are unsupported.\n“Miranda warnings are required only where there has been\nsuch a restriction on a person’s freedom as to render him ‘in\ncustody’.” Oregon v. Mathiason, 429 U.S. 492, 495 (1977). \n“[T]he initial determination of custody depends on the objective\ncircumstances of the interrogation, not on the subjective views\nharbored by either the interrogating officers or the persons\nbeing questioned.” Stansbury v. California, 511 U.S. 318, 323\n(1994). “[A] custodial setting is one providing ‘inherently\ncoercive pressures that tend to undermine the individual’s will\nto resist and to compel him to speak.’” United States v.\nMitchell, 966 F.2d 92, 98 (2d Cir. 1992). \nThe record at this point demonstrates that the defendant’s\nadmission to possessing crack cocaine was not in response to a\ncustodial interrogation. As Burgos was conducting a pat down of\nthe defendant’s person, the defendant stated that he had stuffed\na small amount of crack cocaine down his pants and that he was\nsorry. Thus, the defendant’s statement was not in response to\nany questioning by an investigating agent. “The fundamental\nimport of the privilege while an individual is in custody is not\nwhether he is allowed to talk to the police without the benefit\nof warnings and counsel, but whether he can be interrogated . . .\nVolunteered statements of any kind are not barred by the Fifth - 12 -Amendment and their admissibility is not affected by our holding\ntoday.” Miranda, at 478. \nIt is clear therefore that the special proc edural\nsafeguards outlined in Miranda are required not where a\nsuspect is simply taken into custody, but rather where a\nsuspect in custody is subjected to interrogation.\n‘Interrogation,’ as conceptualized in the Miranda\nopinion, must reflect a measure of compulsion above and\nbeyond that inherent in custody itself.\n \nRhode Island v. Innis, 446 U.S. 291, 300 (1980). Therefore, even\nif the defendant was in custody for purpose of Miranda warnings,\nthe record as it now stands shows that the statement offered by\nthe defendant was not elicited during an interrogation. \nE. Defendant’s Post-Arrest Statement\nThe defendant also argues that his oral and written\nstatements to investigating agents following his arrest were\ninvoluntary and were not preceded by Miranda warnings. This\nassertion by defense counsel is also unsupported. The defendant\nargues that the investigating agents told him that by providing a\nstatement, “he would save from a federal prosecution Marquila\nAlexander and also save her child from DCF custody proceedings.”\nDef.’s Br. 2. However, the defendant’s written statement\ncontains his representation that he provided the statement\n“voluntarily, without threat or promise made to me by anyone. I\nhave been read my rights and I understand them.” Government’s\nResp., Ex. C. In addition, the incident report states that\nSpecial Agent Borysevicz advised the defendant of his Miranda - 13 -rights from a preprinted card, that the defendant acknowledged\nthat he understood his rights, and that this was witnessed by\nPlourde. See Government’s Resp., Ex. A at 4. Based on the\nrecord, the court concludes that the defendant’s post-arrest\nstatement was voluntary and preceded by Miranda warnings. \nIII.CONCLUSION\nFor the reasons set forth above, Defendant’s Motion to\nSuppress (Doc. No. 13) and Defendant’s Motion for a Hearing (Doc.\nNo. 14) are hereby DENIED.\nIt is so ordered.\nDated this 16th day of November 2006 at Hartford,\nConnecticut. \n /s/AWT \n Alvin W. Thompson\nUnited States District Judge "
} |
[
-0.059384800493717194,
0.05147809535264969,
0.03261229768395424,
-0.04307210072875023,
0.03089512139558792,
0.016987890005111694,
-0.045010022819042206,
-0.053562864661216736,
-0.013403624296188354,
-0.017722811549901962,
0.08768784254789352,
0.03628263622522354,
0.06900525838136673,
-0.036313824355602264,
-0.0005725018563680351,
-0.11228609085083008,
0.08297813683748245,
0.011158265173435211,
-0.10031910240650177,
0.04549199715256691,
0.041233789175748825,
-0.03985927253961563,
-0.017494363710284233,
0.06615011394023895,
-0.030812092125415802,
-0.031002258881926537,
0.011714218184351921,
0.05344570800662041,
-0.02911490947008133,
-0.06410511583089828,
-0.061589084565639496,
0.0378129668533802,
0.08400022983551025,
0.05830669403076172,
0.04104873165488243,
-0.0017408046405762434,
-0.027911802753806114,
-0.08599591255187988,
-0.026605011895298958,
0.011116813868284225,
-0.06507191061973572,
-0.050131626427173615,
-0.045471977442502975,
0.012235634960234165,
-0.01777654141187668,
-0.041508279740810394,
0.002350041875615716,
-0.023169061169028282,
-0.13460712134838104,
0.004560231231153011,
-0.04996200278401375,
0.03402891382575035,
-0.05298199877142906,
-0.027620194479823112,
-0.0137907350435853,
-0.03995991125702858,
-0.04458846151828766,
0.025995220988988876,
0.00825677439570427,
-0.02095974236726761,
0.007643529213964939,
-0.03505868837237358,
-0.09008250385522842,
0.05709409713745117,
0.08120957762002945,
0.01236817892640829,
-0.03839920088648796,
-0.0000651791924610734,
-0.07167483121156693,
0.060485247522592545,
-0.04036162793636322,
-0.002923655090853572,
-0.02099948562681675,
0.057303957641124725,
0.011685066856443882,
0.028883613646030426,
0.034271907061338425,
0.04832778871059418,
0.045645810663700104,
-0.15302738547325134,
-0.057347554713487625,
-0.04363265633583069,
0.0001256603718502447,
-0.03335747495293617,
0.024385366588830948,
-0.08937884122133255,
0.009302792139351368,
0.0446571484208107,
0.14172910153865814,
0.02202017232775688,
-0.00730478297919035,
-0.041943661868572235,
0.025397086516022682,
-0.024055544286966324,
0.055254776030778885,
0.03452708199620247,
-0.008666987530887127,
-0.05397334694862366,
0.00966724008321762,
0.039616696536540985,
0.0004238685651216656,
0.019565368071198463,
-0.09133784472942352,
-0.04463537409901619,
0.036853063851594925,
-0.05068602412939072,
-0.004940737504512072,
-0.04109974578022957,
-0.0012433032970875502,
0.015740886330604553,
0.02161332033574581,
-0.03451448678970337,
0.06629384309053421,
-0.06208248808979988,
-0.01690126396715641,
-0.011384552344679832,
-0.007882306352257729,
0.03858824446797371,
0.02308443933725357,
-0.06995557248592377,
0.027727484703063965,
0.03524644672870636,
0.04341506212949753,
-0.01444291416555643,
0.004865856841206551,
-0.020818592980504036,
0.03200429677963257,
6.457303444437732e-33,
-0.03654353693127632,
-0.014766937121748924,
-0.017775967717170715,
-0.04312165826559067,
0.01669701561331749,
-0.02110329642891884,
-0.03603889420628548,
-0.019312849268317223,
0.046054430305957794,
0.055971141904592514,
0.04661966487765312,
0.06320177763700485,
0.03471720218658447,
0.052882883697748184,
0.0062043205834925175,
0.06770981848239899,
0.024186190217733383,
0.06462432444095612,
0.08983956277370453,
0.07887586206197739,
0.073733851313591,
-0.1271955966949463,
-0.04279155284166336,
0.04158344119787216,
-0.04293534532189369,
-0.04703860729932785,
-0.030632829293608665,
0.04836594685912132,
0.0217715036123991,
0.02494366466999054,
0.03267602249979973,
-0.005259085446596146,
0.062426112592220306,
0.02812187373638153,
0.06714610010385513,
0.06360244005918503,
-0.05712726712226868,
-0.012312568724155426,
-0.02485986426472664,
0.034194283187389374,
-0.046665411442518234,
0.003998158499598503,
-0.012352138757705688,
-0.009125656448304653,
0.05475115403532982,
-0.03282306715846062,
0.022192325443029404,
-0.006961712148040533,
0.03252233564853668,
0.05055753141641617,
0.013525855727493763,
0.08117599040269852,
0.0909564420580864,
-0.03912347927689552,
0.00006453457899624482,
-0.048466384410858154,
-0.03319034352898598,
0.026057682931423187,
-0.058066047728061676,
0.06369755417108536,
0.040549132972955704,
-0.01865088939666748,
-0.008914649486541748,
-0.015277855098247528,
-0.00360725331120193,
0.06656260043382645,
-0.017049774527549744,
0.02723998948931694,
-0.011457144282758236,
-0.07530035823583603,
0.014698832295835018,
0.002073748968541622,
-0.051902368664741516,
0.03863334283232689,
-0.03142138943076134,
-0.040234990417957306,
0.05525534227490425,
0.06529509276151657,
0.08493251353502274,
-0.12198615074157715,
-0.05935616046190262,
0.009656475856900215,
0.0009865042520686984,
0.04253941774368286,
-0.0741032287478447,
0.00012016403343295678,
0.07099927216768265,
0.05254518240690231,
0.04060700535774231,
0.022443221881985664,
0.08470822870731354,
-0.05337182804942131,
0.0018473049858585,
0.037399668246507645,
0.09091943502426147,
-7.779935157836414e-33,
0.05588100850582123,
0.041702717542648315,
0.007037906441837549,
0.023939236998558044,
-0.018786001950502396,
0.03642948716878891,
0.0028986912220716476,
0.007977389730513096,
0.09672291576862335,
-0.010824696160852909,
0.006452491041272879,
-0.09012974053621292,
-0.004935903940349817,
-0.08407013863325119,
-0.006084995344281197,
-0.02263912744820118,
-0.02009594440460205,
0.031192248687148094,
-0.0013601997634395957,
0.08612565696239471,
0.11111345142126083,
-0.04739225655794144,
0.0009094378328882158,
0.04890068620443344,
0.015063559636473656,
0.059756435453891754,
-0.14936521649360657,
-0.024788184091448784,
-0.06950916349887848,
-0.04912952333688736,
0.020454222336411476,
0.010157816112041473,
-0.12909696996212006,
0.0038930661976337433,
0.01833977922797203,
-0.09140820056200027,
0.02527824230492115,
0.08305976539850235,
-0.056629009544849396,
0.009112748317420483,
0.04943433776497841,
0.012672421522438526,
-0.04279327392578125,
0.04440206289291382,
0.020311551168560982,
-0.0354597307741642,
0.0326126292347908,
-0.12021756917238235,
-0.01987978257238865,
-0.03436161205172539,
0.008012871257960796,
-0.029744401574134827,
0.020419232547283173,
0.004822042305022478,
-0.05960788205265999,
0.08203233778476715,
-0.0020980448462069035,
-0.020503979176282883,
-0.01989174261689186,
0.059192955493927,
0.09500324726104736,
0.004880846012383699,
0.014705674722790718,
-0.009902496822178364,
-0.026286842301487923,
-0.016631683334708214,
-0.0029730568639934063,
-0.0032698733266443014,
0.11457078903913498,
-0.0035226813051849604,
0.033658817410469055,
-0.13406094908714294,
-0.15947940945625305,
-0.0790218636393547,
-0.0102075831964612,
0.015361083671450615,
0.08303692191839218,
-0.051374297589063644,
-0.08484053611755371,
0.04520563781261444,
0.03270500898361206,
0.03504932299256325,
0.005093301180750132,
0.08395037055015564,
-0.027422361075878143,
-0.01008501835167408,
-0.01507969293743372,
-0.0707738995552063,
0.00019609839364420623,
0.09807120263576508,
0.021665126085281372,
0.04190985485911369,
0.029373839497566223,
0.08549792319536209,
0.006093463860452175,
-6.107975281111067e-8,
-0.002095693489536643,
0.000632262381259352,
-0.04043174907565117,
-0.020662657916545868,
0.028132738545536995,
-0.04217790812253952,
0.013027534820139408,
-0.16973556578159332,
-0.015476771630346775,
-0.020322147756814957,
0.0914311334490776,
0.0034828030038625,
-0.009752120822668076,
-0.01109305489808321,
-0.05374913662672043,
0.024863844737410545,
-0.08585595339536667,
-0.01680944859981537,
-0.10136581212282181,
0.05383753031492233,
-0.08458518981933594,
0.018111366778612137,
-0.040950924158096313,
-0.042202845215797424,
-0.008747600018978119,
0.05090324953198433,
0.02989041619002819,
0.09790358692407608,
0.02355255000293255,
0.06270862370729446,
0.030492687597870827,
0.03839883953332901,
-0.005004406441003084,
-0.06389544904232025,
-0.07693374156951904,
-0.08611743897199631,
0.020791856572031975,
0.022433407604694366,
0.025986207649111748,
0.00641078082844615,
0.0014513920759782195,
-0.03261719271540642,
-0.015378357842564583,
0.08932150900363922,
0.1052858754992485,
-0.050778504461050034,
-0.06868632882833481,
-0.013870436698198318,
-0.044686101377010345,
-0.053387146443128586,
-0.0040586343966424465,
0.0016905955271795392,
-0.0628647655248642,
-0.03092183545231819,
0.014755651354789734,
0.02433089353144169,
0.01734325662255287,
0.029777999967336655,
0.020452972501516342,
-0.00850202701985836,
0.0357762910425663,
0.002822319744154811,
0.015022548846900463,
-0.1080729141831398
] | {
"pdf_file": "W2ZFZBWTBTHWLCNU53NSCPAWPR6BGREE.pdf",
"text": " \nPage 1 of 1 355.1 -302 Variation by agreement. \n(1) Except as otherwise provided in subsection (2) of this section or elsewhere in the \nUniform Commercial Code, the effect of provisions of the Uniform Commercial \nCode may be varied by agreement. \n(2) The obligations of good faith, diligence, reasonableness, and care prescribed by the \nUniform Commercial Code may not be disclaimed by agreement. The parties, by \nagreement, may determine the standards by which the performance of those \nobligations is to be measured if those standards are not manifestly unreasonable. \nWhenever the Uniform Commercial Code requires an action to be taken within a \nreasonabl e time, a time that is not manifestly unreasonable may be fixed by \nagreement. \n(3) The presence in certain provisions of the Uniform Commercial Code of the phrase \n\"unless otherwise agreed,\" or words of similar import, does not imply that the effect \nof other provisions may not be varied by agreement under this section. \nEffective: July 12, 2006 \nHistory: Created 2006 Ky. Acts ch. 242, sec. 16, effective July 12, 2006. "
} |
[
-0.0930858924984932,
0.06436506658792496,
-0.06329852342605591,
0.006831688806414604,
-0.011002856306731701,
0.061520837247371674,
0.04482489079236984,
-0.030227571725845337,
0.05041811242699623,
-0.005219691898673773,
-0.021678917109966278,
0.01248044241219759,
-0.041291993111371994,
0.013322565704584122,
0.003262959886342287,
0.04999472200870514,
0.024299224838614464,
-0.027470091357827187,
-0.011210420168936253,
-0.04075417295098305,
-0.004830320365726948,
0.08001150190830231,
-0.025358106940984726,
-0.003865896025672555,
0.0619950070977211,
-0.013215397484600544,
-0.029496457427740097,
-0.02649223990738392,
-0.06023839861154556,
0.007400074508041143,
-0.015475203283131123,
0.02796171046793461,
-0.0414191409945488,
-0.005148948635905981,
0.07673655450344086,
-0.011670934967696667,
0.020335383713245392,
0.01812189444899559,
0.028908956795930862,
0.008437125012278557,
-0.012211613357067108,
0.029103344306349754,
-0.016334498301148415,
0.03356984630227089,
-0.10001403838396072,
0.06556319445371628,
0.025535378605127335,
0.027269335463643074,
-0.12017819285392761,
0.09211613982915878,
0.02003644034266472,
-0.023840000852942467,
0.06333182007074356,
0.039086051285266876,
0.01345941424369812,
-0.07164577394723892,
-0.0048896376974880695,
-0.014280212111771107,
-0.02663496695458889,
0.06770938634872437,
-0.022170724347233772,
-0.05804043263196945,
-0.05889151990413666,
0.015554411336779594,
0.0029583105351775885,
-0.03203938156366348,
-0.0016931506106629968,
0.0060020009987056255,
-0.0323515422642231,
-0.031613003462553024,
0.06388624757528305,
0.019697410985827446,
-0.09191838651895523,
-0.02307485230267048,
0.015497547574341297,
0.02739975042641163,
-0.009963760152459145,
0.06214422360062599,
0.12675924599170685,
-0.04296335205435753,
-0.03710750862956047,
-0.017998307943344116,
-0.019169684499502182,
0.033642228692770004,
0.03036927618086338,
-0.04300711303949356,
0.012538556940853596,
0.0572294183075428,
0.06020701304078102,
-0.013156426139175892,
-0.006836045533418655,
-0.08432906121015549,
0.06456100940704346,
-0.017359530553221703,
0.10903923958539963,
-0.01757768727838993,
0.029403548687696457,
0.07972406595945358,
0.0023011721204966307,
0.04335687309503555,
0.0417621023952961,
-0.02857528254389763,
-0.06163054332137108,
0.0075706979259848595,
-0.028736848384141922,
-0.039389848709106445,
-0.03593550622463226,
0.01050892286002636,
-0.04550138860940933,
-0.016282271593809128,
-0.036218445748090744,
0.004970500245690346,
0.024002043530344963,
0.005204093176871538,
0.007801968138664961,
0.0259118489921093,
0.010301472619175911,
0.06944016367197037,
0.037172287702560425,
-0.09542175382375717,
0.037508536130189896,
0.06044253706932068,
-0.10748522728681564,
0.056736819446086884,
-0.008697179146111012,
0.012772738933563232,
0.01585346646606922,
1.789716965091811e-33,
0.09065356850624084,
0.001241696416400373,
-0.050154902040958405,
0.0009214737801812589,
0.11969464272260666,
0.013462983071804047,
0.030603090301156044,
-0.014733259566128254,
0.0229293555021286,
0.029549013823270798,
-0.10364002734422684,
-0.009759022854268551,
0.1073158010840416,
-0.16094282269477844,
-0.07634137570858002,
0.0013253837823867798,
-0.09112615138292313,
0.11021840572357178,
-0.06063426285982132,
0.07972535490989685,
0.04044518992304802,
0.018111035227775574,
-0.03361964225769043,
0.11686549335718155,
-0.04717111214995384,
-0.02714516408741474,
0.015005506575107574,
-0.04768912121653557,
-0.10060068964958191,
0.003956479951739311,
-0.01596846804022789,
0.030951760709285736,
0.1026448979973793,
0.003632092848420143,
0.055661316961050034,
-0.012632394209504128,
0.07575618475675583,
0.02306901291012764,
-0.00013929011765867472,
-0.04383578896522522,
0.01655561849474907,
0.011518450453877449,
-0.022496772930026054,
-0.01634213514626026,
0.022179584950208664,
-0.07478092610836029,
-0.06905617564916611,
0.007661765906959772,
0.007802145089954138,
0.015974396839737892,
0.023728275671601295,
0.07185669243335724,
0.06193769723176956,
0.003741890424862504,
0.016386376693844795,
0.0236244834959507,
0.014657692983746529,
0.07708463817834854,
0.029623661190271378,
0.03761565312743187,
0.021755782887339592,
0.12556728720664978,
0.02018176205456257,
-0.03395490348339081,
-0.07175634056329727,
-0.012037151493132114,
-0.003732637967914343,
0.005922925658524036,
0.07727812975645065,
-0.0630132183432579,
0.060701072216033936,
-0.041670169681310654,
0.055369894951581955,
-0.048368070274591446,
0.021411217749118805,
-0.05186448618769646,
0.02475467324256897,
0.116239532828331,
-0.02830120176076889,
-0.055584121495485306,
0.016264114528894424,
0.017896363511681557,
0.05686963349580765,
-0.008443458937108517,
-0.01881990022957325,
-0.10248782485723495,
-0.027761947363615036,
-0.030141251161694527,
-0.05296555906534195,
0.04702674224972725,
-0.0125898327678442,
0.04095770791172981,
0.0014734385767951608,
0.07345031201839447,
0.10194265842437744,
-1.889844839210884e-33,
0.023018015548586845,
-0.06793443858623505,
-0.0324675515294075,
-0.06453682482242584,
-0.017827939242124557,
-0.045283980667591095,
0.052420374006032944,
0.016444915905594826,
0.03437218815088272,
-0.023167317733168602,
0.028753869235515594,
-0.009033618494868279,
-0.09939805418252945,
0.0516921803355217,
-0.07184257358312607,
-0.02069297432899475,
0.05554579570889473,
0.003072151681408286,
0.03351867198944092,
0.05802387371659279,
0.0951591432094574,
-0.041136857122182846,
-0.0003079807502217591,
-0.010243878699839115,
0.024508196860551834,
0.00714012049138546,
0.06814058125019073,
-0.07454776763916016,
0.06192440539598465,
-0.02138741873204708,
-0.03217741474509239,
-0.06795634329319,
-0.06061225384473801,
-0.008363769389688969,
0.034156471490859985,
-0.10436216741800308,
0.07451586425304413,
0.06364111602306366,
-0.03579559549689293,
-0.07924284040927887,
0.06945829093456268,
0.005010687746107578,
-0.04755063354969025,
0.08631924539804459,
0.05974647402763367,
-0.07834398746490479,
0.01049813162535429,
-0.06539101153612137,
-0.04670500382781029,
-0.071285679936409,
-0.02534184791147709,
-0.036587901413440704,
0.10090382397174835,
0.03537474572658539,
-0.024358531460165977,
-0.005560779012739658,
0.035731930285692215,
-0.05882604420185089,
-0.028683209791779518,
0.020525384694337845,
0.06827636063098907,
0.10127553343772888,
-0.01188513170927763,
-0.044366899877786636,
0.08730527013540268,
-0.04974023252725601,
-0.059971679002046585,
-0.0604330450296402,
0.050582364201545715,
-0.002975824289023876,
-0.01177571527659893,
-0.08182033151388168,
0.010809621773660183,
0.029792768880724907,
0.1666223704814911,
0.013772296719253063,
-0.04803546518087387,
-0.04392222687602043,
-0.10094311833381653,
0.08004464954137802,
-0.05693363770842552,
0.04794834181666374,
-0.005842459853738546,
0.06984145194292068,
0.048119571059942245,
0.04153119772672653,
0.07657686620950699,
0.01517246663570404,
0.009238083846867085,
0.055919159203767776,
0.04718167334794998,
-0.05972898006439209,
0.028518304228782654,
-0.002481879899278283,
-0.008478954434394836,
-5.3079816098033916e-8,
-0.004937189631164074,
0.031258825212717056,
-0.04657140001654625,
-0.05287551507353783,
-0.03846852481365204,
-0.07952123880386353,
0.04353417083621025,
-0.010637043975293636,
0.03363487869501114,
-0.007012621033936739,
0.019121078774333,
0.00789929274469614,
-0.056322917342185974,
-0.045853592455387115,
0.017198171466588974,
-0.08046019822359085,
-0.015873387455940247,
-0.1203380823135376,
-0.04322301968932152,
-0.01617375947535038,
0.03229258209466934,
0.014783503487706184,
-0.0347711443901062,
-0.009122515097260475,
-0.06758411228656769,
-0.018866747617721558,
0.008930787444114685,
0.03633199632167816,
-0.005662201903760433,
-0.008500553667545319,
-0.09678202122449875,
0.07570429146289825,
0.0140019366517663,
-0.06771751493215561,
-0.04942510277032852,
-0.055093325674533844,
0.006578095257282257,
0.014708069153130054,
0.06088345870375633,
-0.055265769362449646,
-0.09394287317991257,
0.04503316804766655,
0.05293169245123863,
0.009119417518377304,
0.07039497047662735,
-0.0031103359069675207,
-0.0985909178853035,
-0.03697698190808296,
0.023173993453383446,
-0.039856307208538055,
0.014823723584413528,
-0.019357237964868546,
0.0021557826548814774,
-0.010969774797558784,
-0.016069240868091583,
-0.007539744023233652,
0.01876099221408367,
-0.11267511546611786,
-0.030025020241737366,
-0.05203558877110481,
0.06584998220205307,
0.017634481191635132,
-0.02893296629190445,
0.03961873799562454
] | {
"pdf_file": "WZRQHWEXEG24SJPSEOEVB6FMPU6DA4VU.pdf",
"text": "BEFORE THE ARBITRATOR\nIn the Matter of the Arbitration of a Dispute Between\nR.W. MILLER & SONS, INC.\nand\nTEAMSTERS LOCAL UNION NO. 43\nCase 1\nNo. 59296\nA-5888\nAppearances:\nAttorney Daniel D. Barker , for the Company.\nAttorney John J. Brennan , for the Union.\nARBITRATION AWARD\nPursuant to the joint request of the parties, I was assigned by the Wisconsin\nEmployment Relations Commission to arbitrate a grievance arising under the terms of the1999-2003 contract between R.W. Miller & Sons, Inc. and Teamsters Local Union No. 43.\nHearing was held in Lake Geneva, Wisconsin on January 18, 2001. A stenographic\ntranscript of the hearing was prepared and the parties agreed that the transcript was the officialrecord of the proceedings.\nThe parties filed post-hearing briefs and the record was closed on March 20, 2001\nwhen I received a letter from the Company advising that it would not be filing a reply brief.\nISSUE\nThe parties were unable to agree on a statement of the issue to be decided but did agree\nthat I could frame the issue after considering their respective positions.\n6257 Page 2\nA-5888\nThe Union asserts the issue is:\nDid the employer violate the collective bargaining agreement by not awarding\nthe cold roller job open on May 5, 2000 to the grievant?\nIf so, what is the appropriate remedy?The Company contends the issue is:Did the Company violate Article 4, Section 1 of the collective bargaining\nagreement when it refused to transfer John Laskowski from his assignment onthe crushing machine to the cold roller?\nIf the Company violated this Article and Section, what is the appropriate\nremedy?\nHaving considered the parties’ positions, I frame the issue as:\nDid the Company violate the contract by denying the cold roller job to the\ngrievant and, if so, what remedy is appropriate?\nPERTINENT CONTRACT LANGUAGE\nARTICLE 4. SENIORITY\nSection 1. Seniority, with ability and qualifications, shall govern in\nadvancement to higher rated jobs. For other than seasonal work, employees will\nbe called back to work by seniority in their classifications.\n. . .\nARTICLE 34. MAINTENANCE OF STANDARDS\nSection 1. The Employer agrees that all conditions of employment in his\nindividual operation relating to wages, hours of work, overtime differentials,\nand general working conditions shall be maintained at not less than the higheststandards in effect at the time of the signing of this agreement.\n. . . Page 3\nA-5888\nEXHIBIT “A”\nDrivers, driver operators, and mechanics engaged in doing excavating, grading,\npaving and batch work, water, gas pipe, sewer and tunnel work, asphalt and allblack top, snow removal, ashes, cinders, sand, gravel, stone, gravel pitstripping and utility men covering:\n6-1-99 6-1-00 6-1-01 6-1-02\nA. New employees who have\nnever driven trucks for thisEmployer before, first 90 days ofemployment$10.18 $10.63 $11.08 $11.53\nB. Truck drivers after 90\ncalendar days of employment$12.33 $12.78 $13.23 $13.68\nC. Combination truck driver &\nmachine operator & mechanics$13.98 $14.58 $15.18 $15.78\nPOSITIONS OF THE PARTIES\nThe Union\nThe Union asserts that the Company violated Article 4, Section 1 and Article 34,\nSection 1 when the Company denied the grievant the cold roller job in May, 2000.\nAs to Article 4, Section 1, the Union contends that the cold roller job is a “higher\nrated” job than operating the crusher because of the potential to earn “white sheet” wages.Because the grievant had the “ability and qualifications” to operate the cold roller and hadmore seniority than the employee given the job by the Company, the Union argues that thegrievant was entitled to the job under Article 4, Section 1. The Union disputes the Companycontention that the grievant’s attitude or temper disqualified him from the job. The Unionassert that such factors are not “qualifications”, that the grievant has never been disciplined forhis attitude or temper, that there is no significant evidence that the grievant’s attitude or temperis any worse than other employees, and that there is no documented evidence that thegrievant’s attitude or temper have affected job performance.\nAs to Article 34, Section 1, the Union argues that when jobs have been posted, lateral\ntransfers such as the one sought by the grievant have always been awarded based on seniority.Under such circumstances, the Union asserts that the maintenance of standards language inArticle 34, Section 1 was violated when the grievant was denied the cold roller position. Page 4\nA-5888\nThe Union asks that the Company be ordered to cease and desist from violating the\ncontract, place the grievant in the cold roller position, and make him whole for any losses.\nThe Company\nThe Company initially argues that issue to be resolved in arbitration should be limited\nto the violation of Article 4, Section 1 alleged in the grievance. The Company asserts thatwhere, as here, the grievance makes no mention of a past practice or a maintenance ofstandards clause argument and there is no evidence that such issues were discussed during theprocessing of the grievance, it is inappropriate to consider them now.\nAs to the alleged violation of Article 4, Section 1, the Company contends that because\nthe request transfer was not to a “higher rated job,” Article 4, Section 1 does not apply andthat the Company was free to assign the roller job as it saw fit. The Company argues that theonly contractually recognized basis for “rating” jobs is by pay classification and points out thatthe roller job is in the same pay classification as the crusher work the grievant was performingat the time of the transfer request. Arguments that the roller job is “higher rated” because ofthe potential for earning “white sheet” wages or because the roller job is “easier” should berejected as being speculative, subjective, unworkable and without contractual support.\nIf the Article 34 maintenance of standards issue is entertained, the Company argues that\nit did not violate this contractual provision because the clause does not apply to the exercise ofmanagement rights such as job assignments and because there is no binding past practice to bemaintained. The Company contends that job assignments are not “general working conditions”within the meaning of Article 34, Section 1. As to the alleged existence of a past practice, theCompany alleges that there is no consistent, mutually accepted practice of awarding a lateraltransfer to the most senior bidder.\nLastly, the Company argues that even if it is concluded that Article 4 or 34 generally\nrequire that lateral transfers be awarded based on seniority, the grievant was not entitled to thistransfer because he did not have the ability to perform the work to the Company's satisfaction.The Company asserts that its judgement that the grievant’s temperament would prevent theefficient functioning of the paving crew is not arbitrary and capricious and thus should not besecond guessed.\nGiven all of the foregoing, the Company asks that the grievance be denied.\nDISCUSSION\nI begin with the issue of whether the dispute before me is limited to the Article 4,\nSection 1 violation alleged in the grievance or also includes consideration of whetherArticle 34, Section 1 was honored by the Company. Page 5\nA-5888\nThe Company correctly notes that arbitrators generally will not decide claims that are\nraised at the first time at the arbitration hearing. However, absent specific contrary languagein the grievance procedure, where the claim remains the same but additional arguments orcontractual provisions are cited in support thereof, arbitrators generally conclude that they havejurisdiction to consider the additional arguments/contractual provisions. Here, I conclude thatthe claim has remained unchanged (i.e. did the grievant have a contractual right to the rollerjob?) and the Union at hearing advanced an additional contractual argument in support of thatclaim. Under these circumstances, I am persuaded that both Article 4 and Article 34 arebefore me for consideration.\nAs to the alleged violation of Article 4, Section 1, the Company persuasively argues\nthat because the two jobs in question are both Class C jobs for the purposes of wage rates, thegrievant was not seeking a transfer to a “higher rated job” within the meaning of Article 4,Section 1. The only way the contract explicitly “rates” jobs is by hourly wage rate and use ofphrase “higher rated” as opposed to “better” conveys an intent to exclude factors such aswhether a job might be “easier.” For the same reasons, I reject the argument that the potentialfor “white sheet” earnings is a factor in how a job is “rated” under Article 4. Hourly wagerate is the only explicit contractual rating of jobs and the formality of the phrase “higher rated”conveys an intent to exclude other considerations which might make a job “better”- includingthe potential of “white sheet” earnings. While such additional factors clearly will play a rolewhen an employee decides whether to bid on a different job, these factors do not play a rolewhen determining how a job is “rated.”\nBecause the consideration of seniority under Article 4 is limited to “advancement to\nhigher rated jobs,” and because I conclude that moving from the crusher to the roller is not“advancement to a higher rated job,” I find that the Company’s action did not violate Article 4.While the Company is free to consider seniority in such circumstances, it is not contractuallyobligated to do so by Article 4.\nTurning to Article 34, the contract requires that the Company maintain\n. . . all conditions of employment in his individual operation relating to\nwages, hours of work, overtime differentials and general workingconditions . . . (emphasis added).\nBecause the transfer right asserted by the grievant is not a “wage,” “hour of work” or\n“overtime differential”, the question becomes whether it is a “general working condition”within the meaning of Article 34. I conclude it is not. While it can well be argued that apractice as to transfers is a “condition of employment,” Article 34 only protects those“conditions of employment” that are “general working conditions.” I am persuaded that thecontractual phrase “general working conditions” does not include transfer practices but rather Page 6\nA-5888\nare generally limited to matters such as the physical conditions under which work is\nperformed. Thus, I concluded that the Company’s conduct did not violate Article 34.\nGiven all of the foregoing, I deny the grievance.\nDated at Madison, Wisconsin this 31st day of July, 2001.\nPeter G. Davis, Arbitrator\nPGD/gjc\n6257.doc"
} |
[
-0.11883839964866638,
0.04829868674278259,
-0.0025480559561401606,
-0.011011209338903427,
0.05195074528455734,
0.010291832499206066,
0.1154332384467125,
0.0007007909007370472,
-0.08592535555362701,
-0.07065396010875702,
0.0013317164266481996,
-0.035472381860017776,
0.018434155732393265,
-0.006737178191542625,
0.024402987211942673,
-0.029503243044018745,
-0.058138374239206314,
-0.05043954402208328,
-0.020765526220202446,
0.029036032035946846,
-0.06367600709199905,
0.024029914289712906,
0.0262432973831892,
-0.006037362851202488,
-0.011076544411480427,
-0.0014006864512339234,
-0.018619801849126816,
0.03277004510164261,
0.0028860096354037523,
-0.05694391578435898,
-0.04394163936376572,
0.025414075702428818,
0.08790954202413559,
-0.02499123103916645,
-0.03668315336108208,
0.0062413448467850685,
-0.06646791845560074,
-0.0671444833278656,
0.020564241334795952,
0.04238877445459366,
0.021880215033888817,
-0.04288247600197792,
-0.03437700495123863,
0.06146686151623726,
0.0656372681260109,
-0.0785202905535698,
0.029487011954188347,
0.010798297822475433,
0.06332410126924515,
-0.04508465901017189,
-0.01823394186794758,
-0.027721041813492775,
-0.0036737609189003706,
-0.03659451752901077,
0.054250262677669525,
-0.02085655927658081,
0.015034922398626804,
-0.060095224529504776,
0.016393909230828285,
-0.03323858231306076,
0.01750349812209606,
-0.0005952207720838487,
-0.16348379850387573,
0.08492093533277512,
-0.07583844661712646,
0.0161097701638937,
0.048382941633462906,
-0.007598146330565214,
-0.024985475465655327,
0.05949747934937477,
0.0658901110291481,
-0.03513742983341217,
0.0008843158720992506,
-0.11567969620227814,
0.049390342086553574,
0.03360460326075554,
0.055154237896203995,
0.026383694261312485,
0.053694359958171844,
0.038932498544454575,
0.0004393816343508661,
0.0180604699999094,
-0.09288253635168076,
-0.004073987249284983,
-0.0008234609267674387,
-0.04883106052875519,
-0.006677441764622927,
-0.023541681468486786,
-0.03813307359814644,
0.05245159938931465,
-0.042493823915719986,
-0.055899728089571,
0.08681583404541016,
-0.04896170645952225,
-0.08339672535657883,
-0.0457635223865509,
0.029042238369584084,
0.03465776517987251,
-0.08649188280105591,
0.4062184691429138,
0.03594949096441269,
0.018697189167141914,
0.0979783833026886,
-0.007865204475820065,
0.023714108392596245,
-0.05756505951285362,
-0.06109985336661339,
-0.006620500702410936,
0.007060033269226551,
0.021669859066605568,
-0.024405108764767647,
-0.033514637500047684,
0.00025015627034008503,
0.03170765936374664,
0.04407161846756935,
0.09463243186473846,
-0.035580113530159,
-0.0045343064703047276,
0.043714847415685654,
0.00020504710846580565,
-0.002858717693015933,
-0.024884076789021492,
0.0037606365513056517,
0.014041258953511715,
0.07781578600406647,
-0.1323145031929016,
0.0068764761090278625,
-7.2201250750405e-33,
0.007334581576287746,
0.002726183971390128,
0.012147537432610989,
-0.002440247917547822,
0.027932560071349144,
0.03927065059542656,
0.003743888111785054,
-0.04643532633781433,
-0.014492551796138287,
0.05360198765993118,
0.006590632256120443,
0.03664784133434296,
-0.023135676980018616,
0.03275369852781296,
0.07811082899570465,
0.009627518244087696,
0.007964123040437698,
0.0028742437716573477,
-0.0018807238666340709,
0.004691542126238346,
-0.012402275577187538,
-0.0008041393011808395,
-0.023038707673549652,
0.04297299310564995,
-0.028259985148906708,
-0.06694644689559937,
0.038539037108421326,
-0.07085712999105453,
0.020109260454773903,
0.001460324041545391,
0.0014639950823038816,
0.049912355840206146,
-0.02594558522105217,
0.0008223677286878228,
-0.03757276013493538,
-0.028740663081407547,
0.03337514027953148,
-0.07462829351425171,
-0.035983964800834656,
0.025680823251605034,
-0.050139084458351135,
0.010837196372449398,
-0.04243791848421097,
-0.002668545348569751,
-0.004916265141218901,
0.16647927463054657,
-0.0011541391722857952,
-0.004960660357028246,
-0.06482207775115967,
0.06976216286420822,
-0.0028182310052216053,
-0.02132517658174038,
-0.11613703519105911,
0.04333868995308876,
-0.0033509607892483473,
-0.020106570795178413,
0.016554009169340134,
-0.043971188366413116,
0.020619438961148262,
-0.009089959785342216,
0.009713641367852688,
0.039391469210386276,
-0.012487754225730896,
0.009350251406431198,
-0.08647788316011429,
-0.04851773753762245,
0.02447775937616825,
-0.008494960144162178,
0.023063570261001587,
-0.012638214975595474,
-0.05100997909903526,
0.03675990551710129,
0.03771744668483734,
0.030916057527065277,
-0.028798431158065796,
-0.01926880143582821,
-0.019831717014312744,
0.03583517670631409,
0.08063048869371414,
0.00649732630699873,
0.03545527532696724,
-0.041958946734666824,
0.006693818140774965,
-0.024078864604234695,
0.09502369910478592,
0.054634999483823776,
0.004220988135784864,
-0.05180729925632477,
0.01021517813205719,
-0.041098661720752716,
-0.03574559465050697,
0.06131820008158684,
-0.0030944310128688812,
0.08796171098947525,
0.006000818684697151,
4.4925641867161134e-33,
-0.07716735452413559,
0.01899317093193531,
-0.03573813661932945,
0.0887979194521904,
-0.01755509153008461,
-0.0027626880910247564,
0.037273939698934555,
0.09013677388429642,
-0.09250447154045105,
0.0680299699306488,
0.022390201687812805,
-0.045089662075042725,
0.030878892168402672,
0.044495198875665665,
-0.005799654871225357,
0.03523358702659607,
0.06968843936920166,
-0.004063474480062723,
-0.028155116364359856,
-0.03572935611009598,
-0.030507177114486694,
-0.03237851336598396,
-0.0024998304434120655,
0.034929435700178146,
-0.04148077219724655,
0.030205287039279938,
0.04858911409974098,
0.0632987916469574,
-0.021693143993616104,
0.036800533533096313,
0.03896567225456238,
-0.023581488057971,
-0.05063262954354286,
-0.05820295587182045,
0.04826247692108154,
0.08404397964477539,
0.03678114339709282,
-0.0007768925279378891,
0.024848245084285736,
-0.05051735043525696,
0.039668887853622437,
-0.010082785040140152,
0.002244437113404274,
0.11697717010974884,
-0.021961307153105736,
-0.005805923603475094,
-0.048092879354953766,
0.003788944333791733,
0.035172659903764725,
0.07729728519916534,
-0.09319712221622467,
-0.011992926709353924,
-0.021968109533190727,
0.04129430651664734,
-0.022958293557167053,
0.004160518292337656,
-0.0432187058031559,
0.0702132061123848,
-0.01905948668718338,
0.0004752702370751649,
0.005480603780597448,
0.026761434972286224,
-0.033612821251153946,
0.01346849836409092,
-0.022746674716472626,
0.03873894736170769,
-0.024523282423615456,
-0.03632815554738045,
-0.0017924589337781072,
-0.052569907158613205,
0.006689464673399925,
-0.025846485048532486,
-0.1348353624343872,
0.0011394252069294453,
-0.047169335186481476,
-0.05347497761249542,
-0.018427148461341858,
-0.007304163184016943,
-0.009657083079218864,
-0.037726134061813354,
-0.033999841660261154,
0.01841733604669571,
-0.008003143593668938,
-0.005512353032827377,
-0.03353199362754822,
-0.0201805979013443,
0.021665804088115692,
0.01075822301208973,
-0.05747472122311592,
0.01969684660434723,
-0.007240809965878725,
0.023037107661366463,
0.12023406475782394,
0.0032419958151876926,
0.010150063782930374,
-1.3403668397415913e-8,
-0.046724583953619,
0.04062063992023468,
-0.05561641603708267,
-0.0018853341462090611,
0.056323979049921036,
0.049638908356428146,
-0.04154156893491745,
0.0325038842856884,
0.02574923262000084,
-0.018780937418341637,
0.06920813769102097,
0.02598794549703598,
-0.02782331220805645,
0.05757509544491768,
0.09128093719482422,
-0.01532574463635683,
-0.10472093522548676,
-0.027585938572883606,
-0.016222817823290825,
-0.035399287939071655,
-0.010461363941431046,
-0.013999390415847301,
-0.0002939800324384123,
-0.08362972736358643,
0.007932317443192005,
0.006960071157664061,
-0.04422977939248085,
0.07475824654102325,
0.07440952211618423,
-0.04058071970939636,
-0.0018266832921653986,
0.01985001191496849,
0.014382191933691502,
0.020585300400853157,
0.02213379554450512,
-0.06437048316001892,
-0.06369856745004654,
0.01613914780318737,
0.009907381609082222,
-0.0055595203302800655,
-0.05467313155531883,
-0.0233115516602993,
0.07046928256750107,
0.006468005012720823,
-0.047700025141239166,
-0.0036470729392021894,
0.007837599143385887,
-0.004974569659680128,
-0.01241857185959816,
-0.07781214267015457,
-0.0009409073390997946,
-0.008002524264156818,
0.006034235469996929,
0.08434933423995972,
0.10730371624231339,
0.011427774094045162,
0.013366665691137314,
-0.012747352942824364,
0.061454374343156815,
0.03564131259918213,
0.1587459295988083,
0.12640950083732605,
0.04654904082417488,
-0.015717294067144394
] | {
"pdf_file": "KWL6TCYCODD5ODQXOPLOAX46TIM557CL.pdf",
"text": ""
} |
[
-0.11477208882570267,
0.04875023290514946,
0.02252754010260105,
0.019335761666297913,
0.002331541618332267,
0.03149237856268883,
-0.0005764073575846851,
0.024263817816972733,
-0.0051697660237550735,
-0.029574666172266006,
0.09729627519845963,
-0.029939962550997734,
-0.029656756669282913,
0.024929862469434738,
-0.04585770145058632,
0.012492985464632511,
0.02123982645571232,
-0.03521367907524109,
-0.04211932793259621,
0.053618550300598145,
0.06777458637952805,
0.0741666927933693,
-0.0699581578373909,
0.025364022701978683,
-0.038851600140333176,
0.015327409841120243,
-0.10414484888315201,
0.05330435931682587,
-0.025374870747327805,
-0.08822871744632721,
-0.006044621579349041,
0.11090588569641113,
-0.010850955732166767,
-0.019485654309391975,
0.16066330671310425,
0.08269090950489044,
0.0018377045635133982,
-0.021161209791898727,
-0.01943928189575672,
0.02387399971485138,
-0.0235745906829834,
-0.03601277247071266,
0.039923738688230515,
0.020477162674069405,
0.04464839771389961,
0.01820218563079834,
-0.04187991842627525,
-0.0037288253661245108,
-0.03966549038887024,
0.00055010273354128,
-0.059390634298324585,
0.01022721454501152,
0.042271893471479416,
0.0087453443557024,
-0.013505254872143269,
0.012487821280956268,
-0.03297312185168266,
-0.06820334494113922,
-0.01610121689736843,
-0.04834163933992386,
-0.017078110948204994,
0.05914082005620003,
-0.0225220937281847,
-0.002141360193490982,
-0.041036613285541534,
-0.04459870606660843,
0.010575594380497932,
0.005940082482993603,
-0.0376349575817585,
-0.034858640283346176,
0.017105763778090477,
-0.051658764481544495,
-0.10101531445980072,
0.06425299495458603,
-0.06001846864819527,
0.08302022516727448,
0.047321587800979614,
-0.027912981808185577,
-0.013399318791925907,
-0.14217132329940796,
-0.037196360528469086,
-0.0507376454770565,
0.011280468665063381,
-0.032866016030311584,
-0.05656060576438904,
0.002919562393799424,
-0.013762668706476688,
-0.015128234401345253,
0.07016125321388245,
0.05936826765537262,
0.10356523841619492,
0.01029272098094225,
0.08642297238111496,
0.05258440598845482,
0.00012793572386726737,
-0.021059617400169373,
-0.0010618767701089382,
0.027369758114218712,
0.028789205476641655,
0.12260550260543823,
0.03449288755655289,
0.033253028988838196,
-0.037012599408626556,
-0.008320827968418598,
-0.035915832966566086,
-0.02151155285537243,
0.005570666864514351,
0.08099490404129028,
-0.07620114833116531,
-0.04860382154583931,
-0.034505367279052734,
0.07655983418226242,
-0.007719110231846571,
-0.1255563348531723,
-0.024602606892585754,
0.048978496342897415,
-0.031813666224479675,
0.0003625632671173662,
0.042665332555770874,
-0.0640154778957367,
0.04688630253076553,
-0.005514099728316069,
-0.12639427185058594,
-0.02018202841281891,
-0.02700958028435707,
0.02552817389369011,
0.05859137699007988,
9.387657312088118e-33,
0.02323397994041443,
-0.03176923841238022,
-0.042737673968076706,
0.025550179183483124,
0.008481133729219437,
0.02224569208920002,
-0.03664221987128258,
0.0034582752268761396,
-0.0985250324010849,
0.006156190764158964,
-0.041444212198257446,
-0.05229842662811279,
-0.02441183663904667,
-0.08136941492557526,
-0.08323854207992554,
-0.03244113177061081,
0.026260007172822952,
0.039412710815668106,
-0.0013467888347804546,
-0.05436229705810547,
0.039498962461948395,
-0.10454342514276505,
-0.007436980959028006,
0.020385421812534332,
0.02071952447295189,
0.0591980442404747,
0.007784599903970957,
-0.05355123430490494,
-0.02092115581035614,
0.016432102769613266,
0.07207819074392319,
0.079957515001297,
0.03703896328806877,
0.008168460801243782,
0.033457424491643906,
0.058452557772397995,
-0.10288533568382263,
-0.04824183136224747,
-0.04302871227264404,
-0.035861141979694366,
0.022523753345012665,
0.005077620502561331,
-0.07449156045913696,
-0.0007196674705483019,
0.02150069549679756,
-0.05717044323682785,
-0.02412615343928337,
0.024969739839434624,
-0.00465833954513073,
-0.03671552985906601,
0.017923051491379738,
0.0288518238812685,
-0.010558785870671272,
0.013494135811924934,
-0.022315166890621185,
0.042355962097644806,
-0.003539378521963954,
0.01229217927902937,
-0.03936808928847313,
0.00875622034072876,
0.072859987616539,
0.10187578946352005,
-0.05633136257529259,
-0.030682703480124474,
0.014604763127863407,
-0.005865730345249176,
-0.02899424359202385,
0.02578045427799225,
-0.00676544988527894,
-0.07357992231845856,
0.0007239013211801648,
-0.0312771312892437,
0.1021893173456192,
0.06821636110544205,
-0.0344163216650486,
-0.07840018719434738,
0.001008721417747438,
0.01349686086177826,
0.02937133051455021,
-0.05411478877067566,
-0.09441697597503662,
0.020130109041929245,
0.030819913372397423,
0.05870456248521805,
0.05273647606372833,
0.01962912082672119,
0.06177867203950882,
0.008369740098714828,
-0.02818506583571434,
0.027419034391641617,
-0.09272439777851105,
-0.00175929581746459,
0.009358858689665794,
0.04222242906689644,
0.030098924413323402,
-1.0005133474315527e-32,
-0.02783059887588024,
0.00355262472294271,
-0.07237854599952698,
-0.05491567775607109,
-0.040259163826704025,
-0.04638916254043579,
-0.02399195171892643,
0.05342920497059822,
0.03500315546989441,
-0.004342765547335148,
-0.04581471160054207,
-0.01705440878868103,
-0.012144838459789753,
-0.011462059803307056,
-0.07511743158102036,
0.030124153941869736,
-0.008807002566754818,
-0.0416579507291317,
-0.07887610793113708,
0.049802206456661224,
0.03833324462175369,
0.04744737595319748,
-0.08105722069740295,
0.0783613994717598,
-0.04389746114611626,
0.012044514529407024,
0.022235235199332237,
-0.01635395735502243,
0.040168728679418564,
0.007320923265069723,
-0.060187097638845444,
-0.06187692657113075,
-0.06813805550336838,
0.0702502429485321,
-0.014608919620513916,
-0.09549718350172043,
0.07950877398252487,
0.004246952477842569,
0.04695786163210869,
0.05645002797245979,
0.031092634424567223,
0.06086287647485733,
-0.0753495842218399,
0.015726011246442795,
0.006146355997771025,
0.008979971520602703,
0.08867205679416656,
-0.10052000731229782,
0.05197763070464134,
-0.043238572776317596,
-0.024008559063076973,
-0.004779198206961155,
0.05473006144165993,
0.09441550821065903,
-0.015732543542981148,
0.02890005335211754,
0.02824878692626953,
-0.05179952457547188,
-0.04264165088534355,
-0.03315488621592522,
0.03711582347750664,
0.11485016345977783,
-0.012513813562691212,
-0.06756111979484558,
0.1281089335680008,
-0.04729967936873436,
-0.049060091376304626,
-0.044717937707901,
0.0017997102113440633,
-0.10212763398885727,
0.03301778808236122,
-0.04748306795954704,
-0.043349359184503555,
-0.07743486762046814,
0.05410974845290184,
-0.06777467578649521,
-0.023875636979937553,
-0.013545648194849491,
-0.07801706343889236,
0.04195735231041908,
0.07062093168497086,
-0.011033267714083195,
0.00671791099011898,
0.1512354016304016,
-0.011562280356884003,
-0.04134897142648697,
0.05753104016184807,
0.0026169668417423964,
0.059388015419244766,
0.03247725963592529,
-0.05462240055203438,
-0.05188658833503723,
0.03167099878191948,
0.09243326634168625,
-0.05959327146410942,
-6.762054027831255e-8,
-0.01767423190176487,
-0.0014002480311319232,
-0.03839954361319542,
0.016109991818666458,
0.09651484340429306,
-0.028803938999772072,
-0.01460026204586029,
-0.011160212568938732,
0.021003130823373795,
-0.055819958448410034,
0.005185150541365147,
0.03591431304812431,
-0.09633362293243408,
-0.11283450573682785,
0.0012176698073744774,
-0.018613483756780624,
-0.14781752228736877,
0.056225527077913284,
-0.034430429339408875,
-0.026730859652161598,
0.030359461903572083,
-0.03289472684264183,
0.03915608301758766,
0.002919080201536417,
-0.04682048037648201,
-0.07961877435445786,
0.04334129020571709,
0.036386143416166306,
0.043512362986803055,
0.009695074521005154,
-0.0278534647077322,
0.03484721481800079,
0.07672428339719772,
-0.07389020919799805,
0.0018964752089232206,
0.062141112983226776,
0.021588467061519623,
-0.043703678995370865,
0.03537271171808243,
-0.006012950092554092,
-0.027026614174246788,
0.03132643178105354,
-0.03844600170850754,
0.0484619215130806,
0.06901845335960388,
-0.021277818828821182,
-0.09335102140903473,
-0.03885877877473831,
0.011183829046785831,
-0.017314467579126358,
0.022302012890577316,
-0.04741585999727249,
0.06028375402092934,
0.09193743020296097,
-0.021571146324276924,
0.09219104051589966,
0.08350357413291931,
-0.00030959074501879513,
0.002952730981633067,
-0.008632319048047066,
0.08680827170610428,
-0.027270715683698654,
0.06630165874958038,
0.012651356868445873
] | {
"pdf_file": "SPQVK77DDSFQZLBQUZB3NTIRK72XIDVZ.pdf",
"text": "MESSAGE NO: MESSAGE DATE: \n MESSAGE STATUS: CATEGORY: \nTYPE: PUBLIC NON-PUBLIC \nS U B - T Y P E : FR CITE: FR CITE DATE: \nREFERENCE \nMESSAGE # (s): \nCASE #(s): \n \nEFFECTIVE DATE: COURT CASE #: PERIOD OF REVIEW: TO \nPERIOD COVERED: TO \n \n12/31/2006\n7116203\nC-475-827\nLIQ-Liquidation\n✔\nCountervailing\nActive\n FR\n01/01/2006\n04/26/2007\nMessage Date: 04/26/2007 Message Number: 7116203 Page 1 of 5 Notice of Lifting of Suspension Date:\n \n \nTO: { Directors Of Field Operations, Port Directors }\n \nFROM: { Director AD/CVD & Revenue Policy & Programs }\n \nRE: AUTOMATIC LIQUIDATION INSTRUCTIONS FOR CERTAIN CUT-TO- LENGTH\nCARBON-QUALITY STEEL PLATE FROM ITALY (C-475-827)\n \n MESSAGE NO: 7116203 DATE: 04 26 2007 \n CATEGORY: CVD TYPE: LIQ \n REFERENCE: REFERENCE DATE: \n CASES: C - 475 - 827 - - \n - - - - \n - - - - \n \n PERIOD COVERED: 01 01 2006 TO 12 31 2006 \n \n LIQ SUSPENSION DATE: \n \n TO: DIRECTORS OF FIELD OPERATIONS \n PORT DIRECTORS \n \n FROM: DIRECTOR, SPECIAL ENFORCEMENT \n \n RE: AUTOMATIC LIQUIDATION INSTRUCTIONS FOR CERTAIN CUT-TO- \n LENGTH CARBON-QUALITY STEEL PLATE FROM ITALY \n (C-475-827) \n \n 1. THE DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE DID NOT RECEIVE A REQUEST FOR AN \n ADMINISTRATIVE REVIEW OF THE COUNTERVAILING DUTY ORDER CERTAIN \n CUT-TO-LENGTH CARBON-QUALITY STEEL PLATE FROM ITALY (C-475-827) \n FOR THE PERIOD 1/1/2006 THROUGH 12/31/2006. \n \n 2. THEREFORE, IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION 351.212(c) OF THE \n COMMERCE REGULATIONS, YOU ARE TO ASSESS COUNTERVAILING DUTIES AT \n RATES EQUAL TO THE CASH DEPOSIT OF ESTIMATED COUNTERVAILING \n DUTIES REQUIRED AT THE TIME OF ENTRY ON THE SPECIFIED SUBJECT \nMessage Date: 04/26/2007 Message Number: 7116203 Page 2 of 5 MERCHANDISE EXPORTED ON OR AFTER 1/1/2006 AND ON OR BEFORE \n 12/31/2006. \n \n 3. THE RATES OF ESTIMATED COUNTERVAILING DUTIES WHICH WERE \n REQUIRED TO BE DEPOSITED ARE: \n \n PRODUCT COUNTRY \n CUT-TO-LENGTH PLATE ITALY \n PERIOD 1/1/2006-12/31/2006 \n \n MANUFACTURER CASE NUMBER RATE \n \n \n ILVA SPA (ILVA)/ \n ILVA LAMIERE E TUBI SPA (ILT) C-475-827-001 3.44% \n \n PALINI BERTOLI C-475-827-002 EXCLUDED \n \n ALL OTHERS C-475-827-000 3.44% \n 4. THE NOTICE OF LIFTING OF SUSPENSION OF LIQUIDATION FOR THE \n MERCHANDISE LISTED ABOVE FOR THE MANUFACTURERS LISTED IN \n PARAGRAPH 3 EXPORTED ON OR AFTER 01/01/2006 AND ON OR BEFORE \n 12/31/2006 OCCURRED WITH THE PUBLICATION OF THE NOTICE OF \n INITIATION OF ADMINISTRATIVE REVIEW (72 FR 14516, 03/28/2007). \n THE SUSPENSION OF LIQUIDATION FOR ALL SHIPMENTS OF THE \n MERCHANDISE LISTED ABOVE EXPORTED AFTER 12/31/2006 WILL \n CONTINUE. \n \n 5. THE ASSESSMENT OF COUNTERVAILING DUTIES BY U.S. CUSTOMS AND \n BORDER PROTECTION (CBP) ON SHIPMENTS OR ENTRIES OF THIS \n MERCHANDISE IS SUBJECT TO THE PROVISIONS OF SECTION 778 OF THE \n TARIFF ACT OF 1930. SECTION 778 REQUIRES THAT CBP PAY INTEREST \n ON OVERPAYMENTS, OR ASSESS INTEREST ON UNDERPAYMENTS, OF THE \n REQUIRED AMOUNTS DEPOSITED AS ESTIMATED COUNTERVAILING DUTIES. \n THE INTEREST PROVISIONS ARE NOT APPLICABLE TO CASH OR BONDS \n POSTED AS ESTIMATED COUNTERVAILING DUTIES BEFORE THE DATE OF \n PUBLICATION OF THE COUNTERVAILING DUTY ORDER. INTEREST SHALL BE \n CALCULATED FROM THE ENTRY DATE OR DATE OF DEPOSIT WHICHEVER IS \nMessage Date: 04/26/2007 Message Number: 7116203 Page 3 of 5 LATER, OF ESTIMATED COUNTERVAILING DUTIES THROUGH THE DATE OF \n LIQUIDATION. THE RATE AT WHICH SUCH INTEREST IS PAYABLE IS THE \n RATE IN EFFECT UNDER SECTION 6621 OF THE INTERNAL REVENUE CODE \n OF 1954 FOR SUCH PERIOD. \n \n 6. IF THERE ARE ANY QUESTIONS REGARDING THIS MATTER BY CBP \n OFFICERS, THE IMPORTING PUBLIC OR INTERESTED PARTIES, PLEASE \n CONTACT DAVINA HASHMI OR RON TRENTHAM AT THE OFFICE OF AD/CVD \n OPERATIONS, IMPORT ADMINISTRATION , INTERNATIONAL TRADE \n ADMINISTRATION, U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE, AT (202) 482-0984 \n OR (202) 482-4793 RESPECTIVELY. (GENERATED BY O3:GL) \n \n 7. THERE ARE NO RESTRICTIONS ON THE RELEASE OF THIS INFORMATION. \n \n \n \n CATHY SAUCEDA \nMessage Date: 04/26/2007 Message Number: 7116203 Page 4 of 5 Company Details\n \n*Party Indicator Value:\nI = Importer, M = Manufacturer, E = Exporter, S = Sold To Party\nMessage Date: 04/26/2007 Message Number: 7116203 Page 5 of 5"
} |
[
-0.055295951664447784,
0.011470040306448936,
0.026315385475754738,
0.06204105168581009,
0.004300138913094997,
-0.012846552766859531,
0.007642898242920637,
-0.00020659358415286988,
-0.08159422129392624,
0.06242121011018753,
-0.046942245215177536,
0.06483559310436249,
0.11379151046276093,
-0.006958231795579195,
-0.018150415271520615,
0.09442257881164551,
0.04478389769792557,
-0.03513537347316742,
-0.03999953716993332,
0.0585712268948555,
0.04356278479099274,
-0.026344120502471924,
-0.005070694722235203,
0.03679080307483673,
-0.0025789944920688868,
-0.027089489623904228,
-0.10930679738521576,
-0.021444806829094887,
-0.10174883902072906,
0.030312133952975273,
-0.045902978628873825,
0.07714864611625671,
0.0007161334506236017,
0.06881646066904068,
-0.03462165966629982,
0.001576967304572463,
0.08858060091733932,
0.018957534804940224,
0.05204246938228607,
-0.03573497384786606,
-0.019139008596539497,
-0.031260229647159576,
0.02388427034020424,
-0.001356039778329432,
-0.1183483749628067,
0.05805838108062744,
-0.03242409974336624,
-0.002233181381598115,
-0.06228145956993103,
0.06780381500720978,
-0.009883714839816093,
0.00854484736919403,
-0.03046354278922081,
0.04061625897884369,
0.0951005145907402,
-0.02371467649936676,
-0.010331018827855587,
-0.1168203055858612,
0.010532864369452,
0.051482733339071274,
-0.024918854236602783,
-0.038312990218400955,
0.02904054895043373,
-0.04141964763402939,
-0.013283848762512207,
-0.022871708497405052,
0.008723929524421692,
-0.09928453713655472,
0.012863228097558022,
-0.031160227954387665,
0.10722489655017853,
0.07107455283403397,
-0.06520724296569824,
0.0783478319644928,
-0.027236558496952057,
0.07721477746963501,
0.07614624500274658,
0.10204160213470459,
0.14580126106739044,
-0.02367367036640644,
-0.05577152594923973,
-0.010337358340620995,
0.06501315534114838,
0.02435898222029209,
0.01821121759712696,
-0.0714048445224762,
-0.07040824741125107,
-0.05714375898241997,
0.010298648849129677,
-0.011976753361523151,
-0.11170743405818939,
-0.08474718034267426,
-0.04409046471118927,
0.010933976620435715,
-0.007527693174779415,
-0.07311839610338211,
0.05831180512905121,
-0.03212321177124977,
-0.045961298048496246,
0.0884709507226944,
0.06284995377063751,
0.03785127401351929,
0.0018469324568286538,
-0.08195507526397705,
-0.04054207354784012,
0.017883654683828354,
0.0641096979379654,
-0.008069186471402645,
-0.06407171487808228,
0.02805480733513832,
0.0597982183098793,
0.018699465319514275,
0.016462577506899834,
0.004951965529471636,
-0.03944125771522522,
0.018899159505963326,
-0.02615978568792343,
0.01979764737188816,
0.09768867492675781,
-0.019355613738298416,
0.02889932505786419,
0.015654446557164192,
-0.00927718449383974,
-0.014497344382107258,
0.08079211413860321,
-0.018717950209975243,
-0.04038633406162262,
-1.5410967415682796e-34,
-0.05303530395030975,
0.06980397552251816,
0.003290336113423109,
0.011447948403656483,
0.021489890292286873,
0.04129474237561226,
0.04344766214489937,
-0.07016363739967346,
0.042646411806344986,
-0.020270399749279022,
0.02032160758972168,
0.03754075616598129,
-0.0011725523509085178,
-0.03103402815759182,
-0.05595383793115616,
0.021511606872081757,
-0.02305666357278824,
0.0022595718037337065,
-0.03838760778307915,
0.04032525420188904,
0.1001696065068245,
0.025643883273005486,
0.003850033739581704,
0.03030664660036564,
0.0355188325047493,
0.020057857036590576,
-0.026249364018440247,
0.05154562368988991,
-0.07392510026693344,
0.03242281451821327,
0.07618293911218643,
-0.033964820206165314,
0.10747461766004562,
-0.0002288352116011083,
-0.010887859389185905,
-0.00626881280913949,
-0.008603842929005623,
-0.026835547760128975,
-0.06897468119859695,
-0.006773893255740404,
0.05522364377975464,
0.015587625093758106,
-0.0047520301304757595,
0.07274342328310013,
-0.015666142106056213,
-0.003218510188162327,
0.08149617910385132,
0.03995466232299805,
0.029648547992110252,
0.019255949184298515,
-0.0609268881380558,
0.014910115860402584,
-0.0267083290964365,
-0.06592617928981781,
-0.02392921969294548,
0.02892824076116085,
0.01454301830381155,
-0.042675577104091644,
-0.05817084386944771,
-0.09945426136255264,
0.02287258766591549,
-0.05290608108043671,
-0.04225248843431473,
0.024057069793343544,
-0.038374241441488266,
0.04229850322008133,
0.019764676690101624,
0.029392728582024574,
-0.051760606467723846,
-0.002153013600036502,
0.06169803440570831,
0.02182096615433693,
0.07345309853553772,
-0.011309539899230003,
-0.03538062423467636,
0.04140639677643776,
0.17790143191814423,
-0.01948186568915844,
0.0619482658803463,
-0.08600038290023804,
-0.06832092255353928,
0.07512181997299194,
0.031012024730443954,
0.01261164527386427,
-0.03255798667669296,
-0.09265996515750885,
0.05207272619009018,
0.0017876436468213797,
0.01356348767876625,
-0.06164424121379852,
0.0610065683722496,
0.003090568585321307,
0.019848378375172615,
-0.05039970949292183,
-0.03551816567778587,
-6.435278261887672e-34,
-0.048286955803632736,
-0.04092894494533539,
0.07696132361888885,
-0.021630784496665,
0.10206709057092667,
-0.06755330413579941,
0.04271396994590759,
-0.048712652176618576,
0.05153859034180641,
-0.04778840020298958,
0.020060591399669647,
-0.08083498477935791,
-0.056731801480054855,
0.0363759845495224,
0.019766829907894135,
-0.007825125008821487,
0.022855401039123535,
0.037476785480976105,
0.02347956784069538,
-0.013541706837713718,
0.034660376608371735,
0.1855098456144333,
0.022338390350341797,
0.032828863710165024,
0.01190416980534792,
-0.025131767615675926,
-0.004494278226047754,
-0.007332438137382269,
0.023216387256979942,
-0.0033267538528889418,
0.033455271273851395,
-0.08102137595415115,
-0.00561494380235672,
0.02659430168569088,
0.0392066165804863,
-0.021350311115384102,
-0.02459174208343029,
-0.0305265374481678,
0.012067614123225212,
0.02655611000955105,
0.03569476306438446,
0.03721150383353233,
-0.027988679707050323,
0.07872537523508072,
-0.004848076030611992,
0.01816689223051071,
-0.002042449312284589,
0.06136229634284973,
-0.0066157057881355286,
-0.02513188309967518,
-0.0839032456278801,
-0.05240891873836517,
-0.053602490574121475,
0.001102693728171289,
-0.021114105358719826,
0.011954526416957378,
-0.015316453762352467,
0.03766359016299248,
0.026919765397906303,
0.0527188740670681,
-0.012695426121354103,
0.007669068872928619,
-0.03894178569316864,
0.016802150756120682,
-0.040057044476270676,
-0.0633232444524765,
-0.09794656932353973,
-0.016615180298686028,
-0.006102893967181444,
0.1055745854973793,
-0.03368275985121727,
-0.06834477931261063,
-0.03440987318754196,
-0.00975743867456913,
0.011262064799666405,
0.025756511837244034,
-0.045091625303030014,
0.0031798535492271185,
-0.04596692696213722,
-0.03995819762349129,
-0.06718799471855164,
-0.003838685341179371,
-0.06579244136810303,
0.041502222418785095,
0.02375935949385166,
0.048371635377407074,
-0.025734102353453636,
0.053419165313243866,
0.04559054225683212,
-0.0009683403186500072,
-0.030428268015384674,
-0.027589190751314163,
-0.0032302807085216045,
-0.035454973578453064,
-0.015335938893258572,
-5.282851489596396e-8,
0.07688535004854202,
0.11715776473283768,
-0.14139719307422638,
-0.016812672838568687,
-0.011318864300847054,
0.0038074995391070843,
0.023054741322994232,
-0.05689403414726257,
0.011195276863873005,
0.07213415950536728,
0.026549775153398514,
0.020062202587723732,
-0.02112099714577198,
-0.14170041680335999,
0.04958394542336464,
-0.12787534296512604,
0.04733803868293762,
0.07282153517007828,
-0.022220488637685776,
0.03610766679048538,
0.004964001476764679,
-0.027308441698551178,
-0.006930622272193432,
-0.05275833234190941,
-0.0513298474252224,
0.007785904221236706,
0.06240911781787872,
0.02036260813474655,
-0.09888316690921783,
-0.01788254640996456,
-0.05206524208188057,
0.0886993333697319,
-0.08378641307353973,
-0.04195936396718025,
0.009315862320363522,
0.03485443815588951,
-0.019609816372394562,
0.03221195936203003,
0.012185180559754372,
0.11046305298805237,
-0.008085309527814388,
0.06268280744552612,
-0.011417127214372158,
0.013551495969295502,
0.0216520968824625,
0.05641389265656471,
-0.04815271496772766,
-0.031568966805934906,
0.04580308124423027,
-0.02349996753036976,
-0.08640120178461075,
-0.007330913562327623,
-0.0786980614066124,
-0.05411035940051079,
-0.02578827366232872,
0.07674506306648254,
-0.0029067047871649265,
-0.014929650351405144,
0.021978726610541344,
-0.018646834418177605,
0.069951631128788,
-0.08653100579977036,
-0.02435421384871006,
-0.04787009209394455
] | {
"pdf_file": "H7U4KMXPQKUBDKIPQQRC6ETJZEZR3OCZ.pdf",
"text": "CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S1675 April 5, 2016 \nS. RES. 406 \nAt the request of Ms. M IKULSKI , the \nname of the Senator from Wyoming (Mr. E\nNZI) was added as a cosponsor of \nS. Res. 406, a resolution recognizing the Girl Scouts of the United States of America on the 100th Anniversary of the Girl Scout Gold Award, the highest award in the Girl Scouts, which has stood for excellence and leadership for girls everywhere since 1916. \nf \nSUBMITTED RESOLUTIONS \nSENATE RESOLUTION 413—DESIG-\nNATING APRIL 5, 2016, AS ‘‘GOLD STAR WIVES DAY’’ \nMr. BURR (for himself, Mrs. B\nOXER , \nand Mr. H ELLER ) submitted the fol-\nlowing resolution; which was consid-ered and agreed to: \nS. R ES. 413 \nWhereas the Senate honors the sacrifices \nmade by the spouses and families of the fall-en members of the Armed Forces of the United States; \nWhereas Gold Star Wives of America, Inc. \nrepresents the spouses and families of the members and veterans of the Armed Forces of the United States who have died on active duty or as a result of a service-connected dis-ability; \nWhereas the primary mission of Gold Star \nWives of America, Inc. is to provide services, support, and friendship to the spouses of the fallen members and veterans of the Armed Forces of the United States; \nWhereas in 1945, Gold Star Wives of Amer-\nica, Inc. was organized with the help of Elea-nor Roosevelt to assist the families left be-hind by the fallen members and veterans of the Armed Forces of the United States; \nWhereas the first meeting of Gold Star \nWives of America, Inc. was held on April 5, 1945; \nWhereas April 5, 2016, marks the 71st anni-\nversary of the first meeting of Gold Star Wives of America, Inc.; \nWhereas the members and veterans of the \nArmed Forces of the United States bear the burden of protecting the freedom of the peo-ple of the United States; and \nWhereas the sacrifices of the families of \nthe fallen members and veterans of the Armed Forces of the United States should never be forgotten: Now, therefore, be it \nResolved, That the Senate— \n(1) designates April 5, 2016, as ‘‘Gold Star \nWives Day’’; \n(2) honors and recognizes— (A) the contributions of the members of \nGold Star Wives of America, Inc.; and \n(B) the dedication of the members of Gold \nStar Wives of America, Inc. to the members and veterans of the Armed Forces of the United States; and \n(3) encourages the people of the United \nStates to observe Gold Star Wives Day to promote awareness of— \n(A) the contributions and dedication of the \nmembers of Gold Star Wives of America, Inc. to the members and veterans of the Armed Forces of the United States; and \n(B) the important role that Gold Star \nWives of America, Inc. plays in the lives of the spouses and families of the fallen mem-bers and veterans of the Armed Forces of the United States. AMENDMENTS SUBMITTED AND \nPROPOSED \nSA 3458. Mr. CASEY (for himself and Mr. \nTOOMEY ) submitted an amendment intended \nto be proposed by him to the bill H.R. 636, to amend the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 to permanently extend increased expensing lim-itations, and for other purposes; which was ordered to lie on the table. \nSA 3459. Mr. CASEY (for himself and Mr. \nT\nOOMEY ) submitted an amendment intended \nto be proposed by him to the bill H.R. 636, supra; which was ordered to lie on the table. \nf \nTEXT OF AMENDMENTS \nSA 3458. Mr. CASEY (for himself and \nMr. T OOMEY ) submitted an amendment \nintended to be proposed by him to the bill H.R. 636, to amend the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 to permanently extend increased expensing limita-tions, and for other purposes; which was ordered to lie on the table; as fol-lows: \nStrike section 5010 and insert the fol-\nlowing: \nSEC. 5010. SECONDARY COCKPIT BARRIERS. \n(a) S HORT TITLE.—This section may be \ncited as the ‘‘Saracini Aviation Safety Act of 2016’’. \n(b) R\nEQUIREMENT .—Not later than one year \nafter the date of the enactment of this Act, the Administrator of the Federal Aviation Administration shall issue an order requir-ing installation of a secondary cockpit bar-rier on each aircraft that is manufactured for delivery to a passenger air carrier in the United States operating under the provisions of part 121 of title 14, Code of Federal Regu-lations. \nSA 3459. Mr. CASEY (for himself and \nMr. T OOMEY ) submitted an amendment \nintended to be proposed by him to the bill H.R. 636, to amend the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 to permanently extend increased expensing limita-tions, and for other purposes; which was ordered to lie on the table; as fol-lows: \nStrike section 5010 and insert the fol-\nlowing: \nSEC. 5010. SECONDARY COCKPIT BARRIERS. \n(a) S HORT TITLE.—This section may be \ncited as the ‘‘Saracini Aviation Safety Act of 2016’’. \n(b) R\nEQUIREMENT .—Not later than 180 days \nafter the date of the enactment of this Act, the Administrator of the Federal Aviation Administration shall issue an order that re-quires— \n(1) on each covered aircraft the installa-\ntion of a barrier, other than the cockpit door, that prevents access to the flight deck of the aircraft; and \n(2) for a covered aircraft— (A) that is equipped with a cockpit door, \nthat the barrier required under paragraph (1) remain locked while— \n(i) the aircraft is in flight; and (ii) the cockpit door separating the flight \ndeck and the passenger area is open; and \n(B) that is not equipped with a cockpit \ndoor, that the barrier required under para-graph (1) remain locked as determined appro-priate by the pilot in command. \n(c) C\nOVERED AIRCRAFT DEFINED .—In this \nsection, the term ‘‘covered aircraft’’ means a commercial aircraft— \n(1) operating under part 121 of title 14, Code \nof Federal Regulations; \n(2) equipped with more than 75 passenger \nseats; and (3) with a maximum gross takeoff weight \nthat exceeds 75,000 pounds. \nf \nAUTHORITY FOR COMMITTEES TO \nMEET \nCOMMITTEE ON ARMED SERVICES \nMr. CORNYN. Mr. President, I ask \nunanimous consent that the Com-mittee on Armed Services be author-ized to meet during the session of the Senate on April 5, 2016, at 9:30 a.m. \nThe PRESIDING OFFICER. Without \nobjection, it is so ordered. \nCOMMITTEE ON BANKING , HOUSING , AND URBAN \nAFFAIRS \nMr. CORNYN. Mr. President, I ask \nunanimous consent that the Com-mittee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs be authorized to meet during the session of the Senate on April 5, 2016, at 10 a.m., to conduct a hearing entitled ‘‘Assessing the Effects of Consumer Finance Regulations.’’ \nThe PRESIDING OFFICER. Without \nobjection, it is so ordered. \nCOMMITTEE ON ENERGY AND NATURAL \nRESOURCES \nMr. CORNYN. Mr. President, I ask \nunanimous consent that the Com-mittee on Energy and Natural Re-sources be authorized to meet during the session of the Senate on April 5, 2016, at 10 a.m., in room SD–366 of the Dirksen Senate Office Building. \nThe PRESIDING OFFICER. Without \nobjection, it is so ordered. \nCOMMITTEE ON FOREIGN RELATIONS \nMr. CORNYN. Mr. President, I ask \nunanimous consent that the Com-mittee on Foreign Relations be author-ized to meet during the session of the Senate on April 5, 2016, at 10 a.m., to conduct a hearing entitled ‘‘Recent Ira-nian Actions and Implementation of the Nuclear Deal.’’ \nThe PRESIDING OFFICER. Without \nobjection, it is so ordered. \nCOMMITTEE ON HOMELAND SECURITY AND \nGOVERNMENTAL AFFAIRS \nMr. CORNYN. Mr. President, I ask \nunanimous consent that the Com-mittee on Homeland Security and Gov-ernmental Affairs be authorized to meet during the session of the Senate on April 5, 2016, at 10 a.m., to conduct a hearing entitled ‘‘Terror in Europe: Safeguarding U.S. Citizens at Home and Abroad.’’ \nThe PRESIDING OFFICER. Without \nobjection, it is so ordered. \nSELECT COMMITTEE ON INTELLIGENCE \nMr. CORNYN. Mr. President, I ask \nunanimous consent that the Select Committee on Intelligence be author-ized to meet during the session of the Senate on April 5, 2016, at 2:30 p.m., in room SH–219 of the Hart Senate Office Building. \nThe PRESIDING OFFICER. Without \nobjection, it is so ordered. \nSUBCOMMITTEE ON AIRLAND \nMr. CORNYN. Mr. President, I ask \nunanimous consent that the Sub-committee on Airland of the Com-mittee on Armed Services be author-ized to meet during the session of the Senate on April 5, 2016, at 2:30 p.m. \nVerDate Sep 11 2014 04:04 Apr 06, 2016 Jkt 059060 PO 00000 Frm 00031 Fmt 4637 Sfmt 0634 E:\\CR\\FM\\A05AP6.018 S05APPT1emcdonald on DSK67QTVN1PROD with SENATE CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S1676 April 5, 2016 \nThe PRESIDING OFFICER. Without \nobjection, it is so ordered. \nSUBCOMMITTEE ON ANTITRUST , COMPETITION \nPOLICY , AND CONSUMER RIGHTS \nMr. CORNYN. Mr. President, I ask \nunanimous consent that the Com-mittee on the Judiciary, Sub-committee on Antitrust, Competition Policy, and Consumer Rights be au-thorized to meet during the session of the Senate on April 5, 2016, at 2:15 p.m., in room SD–226 of the Dirksen Senate Office Building, to conduct a hearing entitled ‘‘Section 5 and ‘Unfair Meth-ods of Competition’: Protecting Com-petition or Increasing Uncertainty?’’ \nThe PRESIDING OFFICER. Without \nobjection, it is so ordered. \nSUBCOMMITTEE ON READINESS AND \nMANAGEMENT SUPPORT \nMr. CORNYN. Mr. President, I ask \nunanimous consent that the Sub-committee on Readiness and Manage-ment Support of the Committee on Armed Services be authorized to meet during the session of the Senate on April 5, 2016, at 2:30 p.m. \nThe PRESIDING OFFICER. Without \nobjection, it is so ordered. \nf \nEXECUTIVE SESSION \nEXECUTIVE CALENDAR \nMr. M CCONNELL. Madam President, \nI ask unanimous consent that the Sen-ate proceed to executive session to con-sider the following nomination: Cal-endar No. 434 only, with no other exec-utive business in order. \nThe PRESIDING OFFICER. Is there \nobjection? \nWithout objection, it is so ordered. The clerk will report the nomination. The legislative clerk read the nomi-\nnation of John E. Sparks, of Virginia, to be a Judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the Armed Forces for the term of fifteen years to expire on the date prescribed by law. \nThereupon, the Senate proceeded to \nconsider the nomination. \nMr. M\nCCONNELL. Madam President, \nI know of no further debate on the nomination. \nThe PRESIDING OFFICER. Is there \nfurther debate? \nIf not, the question is, Will the Sen-\nate advise and consent to the Sparks nomination? \nThe nomination was confirmed. Mr. M\nCCONNELL. Madam President, \nI ask unanimous consent that the mo-tion to reconsider be considered made and laid upon the table, the President be immediately notified of the Senate’s action, and the Senate then resume legislative session. \nThe PRESIDING OFFICER. Without \nobjection, it is so ordered. \nf \nLEGISLATIVE SESSION \nThe PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen-\nate will now resume legislative session. RECOGNIZING THE GIRL SCOUTS \nOF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA ON THE 100TH ANNI-VERSARY OF THE GIRL SCOUT GOLD AWARD \nMr. M\nCCONNELL. Madam President, \nI ask unanimous consent that the Judi-ciary Committee be discharged from further consideration of S. Res. 406 and the Senate proceed to its immediate consideration. \nThe PRESIDING OFFICER. Without \nobjection, it is so ordered. \nThe clerk will report the resolution \nby title. \nThe legislative clerk read as follows: \nA resolution (S. Res. 406) recognizing the \nGirl Scouts of the United States of America on the 100th Anniversary of the Girl Scout Gold Award, the highest award in the Girl Scouts, which has stood for excellence and leadership for girls everywhere since 1916. \nThere being no objection, the Senate \nproceeded to consider the resolution. \nMr. M CCONNELL. Madam President, \nI further ask unanimous consent that the resolution be agreed to, the pre-amble be agreed to, and the motions to reconsider be considered made and laid upon the table with no intervening ac-tion or debate. \nThe PRESIDING OFFICER. Without \nobjection, it is so ordered. \nThe resolution (S. Res. 406) was \nagreed to. \nThe preamble was agreed to. (The resolution, with its preamble, is \nprinted in the R\nECORD of March 17, 2016, \nunder ‘‘Submitted Resolutions.’’) \nf \nGOLD STAR WIVES DAY \nMr. M CCONNELL. Madam President, \nI ask unanimous consent that the Sen-ate proceed to the consideration of S. Res. 413, submitted earlier today. \nThe PRESIDING OFFICER. The \nclerk will report the resolution by title. \nThe legislative clerk read as follows: \nA resolution (S. Res. 413) designating April \n5, 2016, as ‘‘Gold Star Wives Day.’’ \nThere being no objection, the Senate \nproceeded to consider the resolution. \nMr. M CCONNELL. Madam President, \nI ask unanimous consent that the reso-lution be agreed to, the preamble be agreed to, and the motions to recon-sider be considered made and laid upon the table with no intervening action or debate. \nThe PRESIDING OFFICER. Without \nobjection, it is so ordered. \nThe resolution (S. Res. 413) was \nagreed to. \nThe preamble was agreed to. (The resolution, with its preamble, is \nprinted in today’s R\nECORD under ‘‘Sub-\nmitted Resolutions.’’) \nf \nORDERS FOR WEDNESDAY, APRIL \n6, 2016 \nMr. M CCONNELL. Madam President, \nI ask unanimous consent that when the Senate completes its business today, it adjourn until 10 a.m., Wednesday, April 6; that following the prayer and pledge, \nthe morning hour be deemed expired, the Journal of proceedings be approved to date, and the time for the two lead-ers be reserved for their use later in the day; further, that following leader remarks, the Senate resume consider-ation of the motion to proceed to H.R. 636. \nThe PRESIDING OFFICER. Without \nobjection, it is so ordered. \nf \nADJOURNMENT UNTIL 10 A.M. \nTOMORROW \nMr. M CCONNELL. Madam President, \nif there is no further business to come before the Senate, I ask unanimous consent that it stand adjourned under the previous order. \nThere being no objection, the Senate, \nat 5:08 p.m., adjourned until Wednes-day, April 6, 2016, at 10 a.m. \nf \nNOMINATIONS \nExecutive nominations received by \nthe Senate: \nTHE JUDICIARY \nDAVID C. NYE, OF IDAHO, TO BE UNITED STATES DIS-\nTRICT JUDGE FOR THE DISTRICT OF IDAHO, VICE ED-WARD J. LODGE, RETIRED. \nIN THE ARMY \nTHE FOLLOWING NAMED OFFICER FOR APPOINTMENT \nTO THE GRADE INDICATED IN THE UNITED STATES ARMY UNDER TITLE 10, U.S.C., SECTION 624: \nTo be colonel \nTODD E. SCHROEDER \nTHE FOLLOWING NAMED OFFICER FOR APPOINTMENT \nTO THE GRADE INDICATED IN THE UNITED STATES ARMY UNDER TITLE 10, U.S.C., SECTION 624: \nTo be colonel \nDEVON D. NUDELMAN \nTHE FOLLOWING NAMED OFFICER FOR APPOINTMENT \nTO THE GRADE INDICATED IN THE UNITED STATES ARMY UNDER TITLE 10, U.S.C., SECTION 624: \nTo be colonel \nCALVIN C. THOMAS \nTHE FOLLOWING NAMED OFFICERS FOR APPOINTMENT \nTO THE GRADE INDICATED IN THE RESERVE OF THE ARMY UNDER TITLE 10, U.S.C., SECTION 12203: \nTo be colonel \nSTEPHEN G. CRUYS GREGORY J. LONG \nTHE FOLLOWING NAMED OFFICERS FOR APPOINTMENT \nTO THE GRADE INDICATED IN THE RESERVE OF THE ARMY UNDER TITLE 10, U.S.C., SECTION 12203: \nTo be colonel \nEDWARD S. BARNETT LYNN J. WILSON \nTHE FOLLOWING NAMED OFFICERS FOR APPOINTMENT \nTO THE GRADE INDICATED IN THE RESERVE OF THE ARMY UNDER TITLE 10, U.S.C., SECTION 12203: \nTo be colonel \nTIMOTHY G. BONNER MICHAEL L. LOZANO BRIAN D. RAY OLIVER G. WASHINGTON, JR. JAMES S. WELCH, JR. \nTHE FOLLOWING NAMED OFFICERS FOR APPOINTMENT \nTO THE GRADE INDICATED IN THE UNITED STATES ARMY VETERINARY CORPS UNDER TITLE 10, U.S.C., SECTIONS 624 AND 3064: \nTo be lieutenant colonel \nKRYSTAL D. BEAN MARLA K. BRUNELL TROY D. CREASON CRAIG A. KOELLER LUIS A. LUGOROMAN MICHAEL E. MCCOWN JUSTIN R. SCHLANSER \nTHE FOLLOWING NAMED OFFICERS FOR APPOINTMENT \nTO THE GRADE INDICATED IN THE UNITED STATES ARMY MEDICAL SPECIALIST CORPS UNDER TITLE 10, U.S.C., SECTIONS 624 AND 3064: \nTo be lieutenant colonel \nGEORGE A. BARBEE \nVerDate Sep 11 2014 04:04 Apr 06, 2016 Jkt 059060 PO 00000 Frm 00032 Fmt 4637 Sfmt 9801 E:\\CR\\FM\\A05AP6.024 S05APPT1emcdonald on DSK67QTVN1PROD with SENATE"
} |
[
0.006263945251703262,
0.009500467218458652,
0.01765049807727337,
0.11142460256814957,
0.01912357471883297,
0.008389431051909924,
-0.050975408405065536,
0.11046908795833588,
-0.08095403760671616,
0.03467019647359848,
-0.05591750144958496,
-0.06862132251262665,
-0.006719654425978661,
-0.024776600301265717,
-0.04574263095855713,
0.043917328119277954,
-0.0043837460689246655,
-0.019068526104092598,
0.01089210994541645,
-0.02743491716682911,
0.059503138065338135,
0.04028359800577164,
0.06650111079216003,
-0.06959809362888336,
0.09099531918764114,
0.07373993843793869,
-0.058587078005075455,
0.03248654678463936,
-0.014257894828915596,
-0.002636208198964596,
-0.07418100535869598,
0.028341837227344513,
-0.034560009837150574,
-0.026295926421880722,
0.027271375060081482,
-0.017137659713625908,
-0.003191109513863921,
0.08289044350385666,
0.017005555331707,
-0.012701853178441525,
-0.05341233313083649,
-0.09356103092432022,
-0.0002903655113186687,
-0.09005454927682877,
-0.11101837456226349,
-0.0194317027926445,
-0.02286352962255478,
-0.03267481550574303,
0.008182567544281483,
0.011006094515323639,
0.01045197993516922,
0.01358611136674881,
-0.05769471824169159,
-0.004293215461075306,
0.04437822476029396,
-0.0903768241405487,
0.008060866966843605,
-0.06871236115694046,
0.03467109426856041,
0.018518999218940735,
-0.04281564801931381,
0.00851355493068695,
-0.04954759404063225,
0.005033410154283047,
0.08974995464086533,
0.00468465406447649,
0.006011389195919037,
-0.04058175906538963,
-0.03382941707968712,
-0.05421675741672516,
-0.004335049539804459,
-0.03917914256453514,
-0.05620390549302101,
-0.08360038697719574,
-0.06611702591180801,
0.059574127197265625,
0.09524837881326675,
0.02597634680569172,
0.003990460652858019,
-0.03675958141684532,
-0.0071365563198924065,
-0.004664834123104811,
-0.017699139192700386,
-0.038922835141420364,
-0.011771068908274174,
-0.020624680444598198,
0.06546137481927872,
-0.00795016996562481,
0.02912956103682518,
0.038402996957302094,
0.026742523536086082,
0.023184992372989655,
0.049936361610889435,
0.01681080460548401,
0.08508402854204178,
0.04753365367650986,
0.007903135381639004,
0.060236215591430664,
0.043429069221019745,
-0.02350486069917679,
0.06459280848503113,
0.07228033244609833,
-0.031445540487766266,
-0.09940501302480698,
-0.07645051926374435,
-0.0038680597208440304,
0.009544719010591507,
0.03634191304445267,
0.04014372080564499,
-0.045578483492136,
-0.023396417498588562,
-0.020130662247538567,
-0.09160510450601578,
-0.03182198479771614,
-0.03743886202573776,
0.02904299646615982,
0.03582566976547241,
-0.09341723471879959,
0.005926385521888733,
0.024121753871440887,
-0.002992916153743863,
-0.049807652831077576,
0.02146247588098049,
0.07109486311674118,
0.024717291817069054,
-0.06514058262109756,
-0.005248638801276684,
-6.465224072310366e-33,
-0.10818419605493546,
-0.003047800622880459,
0.1074514165520668,
-0.07685848325490952,
-0.07467376440763474,
0.06482765078544617,
-0.049328144639730453,
-0.017093313857913017,
0.021396160125732422,
0.051511459052562714,
-0.03958507254719734,
0.10004962980747223,
0.024551620706915855,
0.006413595750927925,
-0.00015224574599415064,
-0.11492536216974258,
0.013728782534599304,
0.008581088855862617,
0.02036191336810589,
-0.07950133085250854,
-0.023556621745228767,
-0.016533467918634415,
0.10546357929706573,
0.02834939770400524,
0.037412431091070175,
-0.023898685351014137,
0.08668594807386398,
-0.0392608642578125,
-0.008513675071299076,
-0.004872400779277086,
0.09270835667848587,
0.0006732555339112878,
0.008223114535212517,
-0.0635838583111763,
-0.04674927145242691,
-0.017509760335087776,
0.08789888024330139,
0.03140169009566307,
-0.031146137043833733,
-0.011179761961102486,
-0.004096706863492727,
0.044527631253004074,
0.020982535555958748,
-0.06138285994529724,
-0.04946265369653702,
0.024131929501891136,
0.03393905237317085,
-0.04738296940922737,
0.0335286483168602,
-0.029595747590065002,
-0.09179283678531647,
0.0346132293343544,
-0.03395035117864609,
0.09161418676376343,
0.055608171969652176,
0.014690915122628212,
0.018390363082289696,
-0.04843371361494064,
0.03947152942419052,
-0.014906717464327812,
-0.09271442890167236,
0.08802605420351028,
0.009555249474942684,
-0.10838358849287033,
-0.06756388396024704,
0.028784243389964104,
-0.00490808580070734,
0.055493708699941635,
-0.04802406206727028,
0.054375868290662766,
0.026323316618800163,
-0.09645120799541473,
0.005391537677496672,
-0.030135570093989372,
0.06999444961547852,
0.08793047815561295,
-0.02657517045736313,
0.013206263072788715,
-0.04396111145615578,
0.06528371572494507,
-0.04403485730290413,
0.000714022375177592,
0.04591316729784012,
-0.10144901275634766,
0.00021321092208381742,
-0.055629417300224304,
0.018621373921632767,
0.01655583828687668,
-0.0363064780831337,
0.019687194377183914,
-0.017641671001911163,
0.03560200333595276,
-0.012055403552949429,
0.056496135890483856,
0.04579175263643265,
3.5012786168753095e-33,
0.0033886537421494722,
0.1493663638830185,
0.05126214399933815,
0.004222403280436993,
0.06228717789053917,
-0.04402937740087509,
0.007214196491986513,
-0.019398538395762444,
0.045754991471767426,
0.04334278404712677,
-0.044820573180913925,
0.013536646030843258,
-0.008688458241522312,
0.010264508426189423,
0.006936985999345779,
0.029099270701408386,
0.0023936298675835133,
-0.04221183806657791,
-0.02378341183066368,
-0.011645044200122356,
-0.0732056200504303,
0.09751174598932266,
-0.08029783517122269,
0.06887588649988174,
-0.06030995398759842,
0.11019928753376007,
-0.011366251856088638,
-0.04352264106273651,
0.007968363352119923,
0.0018923341995105147,
-0.05345453321933746,
0.04342188686132431,
-0.015942329540848732,
0.05892271548509598,
-0.08813654631376266,
-0.04628017917275429,
0.10391220450401306,
0.08561543375253677,
-0.005068799946457148,
-0.04154236242175102,
0.05675407499074936,
0.019520500674843788,
0.00315688643604517,
0.007670996244996786,
0.016047846525907516,
-0.07891133427619934,
0.018847402185201645,
-0.05890301242470741,
0.04302195459604263,
0.0560423880815506,
0.06951870024204254,
0.02841256745159626,
-0.10438399016857147,
-0.04419831186532974,
-0.056166667491197586,
-0.019307594746351242,
0.03811832517385483,
0.10823547840118408,
-0.09996868669986725,
-0.051661014556884766,
0.05674148350954056,
0.06924405694007874,
0.042141690850257874,
-0.01357307843863964,
-0.024479735642671585,
0.006508886814117432,
0.03993985801935196,
-0.09205172955989838,
0.06091611832380295,
-0.06997694075107574,
-0.031419821083545685,
0.040415823459625244,
-0.04837961122393608,
-0.05079754814505577,
0.054698776453733444,
0.0709938034415245,
0.0222243070602417,
0.017932206392288208,
0.035318952053785324,
0.016433589160442352,
0.02572254091501236,
0.04191399738192558,
-0.023393012583255768,
-0.09742528945207596,
0.0049081891775131226,
-0.01651359163224697,
0.019498907029628754,
-0.031464699655771255,
-0.0354902558028698,
0.04772578179836273,
-0.10164345055818558,
-0.029610365629196167,
-0.016811557114124298,
-0.02375631220638752,
0.015849214047193527,
-5.244298151296789e-8,
0.027895934879779816,
0.01994728483259678,
0.07748042047023773,
0.07591910660266876,
0.009423295967280865,
-0.05621740594506264,
0.06077558174729347,
0.12209032475948334,
-0.06628870218992233,
0.017665237188339233,
0.07124780863523483,
-0.014581299386918545,
0.036600593477487564,
0.015393264591693878,
-0.04526607319712639,
-0.03700239211320877,
-0.11358713358640671,
0.06323212385177612,
-0.002471101237460971,
-0.04951084032654762,
0.053009722381830215,
0.05187150835990906,
-0.03855790197849274,
0.0472722165286541,
-0.021262651309370995,
0.028136879205703735,
0.006540108006447554,
0.008467740379273891,
-0.017828529700636864,
0.04354028031229973,
0.04262273386120796,
-0.017063317820429802,
0.009409599006175995,
-0.062122952193021774,
0.055831123143434525,
-0.011022914201021194,
-0.030961621552705765,
-0.03873896226286888,
-0.03722023963928223,
-0.013984239660203457,
-0.008334735408425331,
-0.010055124759674072,
0.03325657546520233,
0.029528148472309113,
-0.00885338056832552,
0.004378055687993765,
-0.11487463116645813,
0.00833999551832676,
0.06615724414587021,
-0.026774009689688683,
0.06566336005926132,
-0.03485507145524025,
-0.0052950456738471985,
-0.044257260859012604,
0.07942971587181091,
0.02021421305835247,
-0.038505468517541885,
0.05372597649693489,
-0.05688146501779556,
-0.0757291242480278,
0.07145634293556213,
-0.1253472864627838,
-0.053385376930236816,
-0.017645422369241714
] | {
"pdf_file": "SG2PPB6KXHJHMFS4L6KBW7Y6CPOZGWJT.pdf",
"text": " \nEnergy Information Administrati on/Electric Power Annual 2007 48 Table 4.5. Receipts, Average Cost, and Quality of Fossil Fuels for the Electric Power Industry, 1996 \nthrough 2007 \nCoal1 Petroleum2 Natural Gas3 All Fossil \nFuels \nReceipts Average Cost Receipts Average Cost Receipts Average \nCost Average \nCost Period \n(thousand \ntons) (cents per \nMMBtu) (dollars/ \nton) Avg. \nSulfur \nPercent \nby \nWeight (thousand \nbarrels) (cents per \nMMBtu) (dollars/ \nbarrel) Avg. \nSulfur \nPercent \nby \nWeight (thousand \nMcf) (cents per \nMMBtu) (cents per \nMMBtu) \n1996......................... 862,701 129 26.45 1.10 113,678 303 18.98 1.26 2,604,663 264 152 \n1997......................... 880,588 127 26.16 1.11 128,749 273 17.18 1.37 2,764,734 276 152 \n1998......................... 929,448 125 25.64 1.06 181,276 202 12.71 1.48 2,922,957 238 144 1999......................... 908,232 122 24.72 1.01 145,939 236 14.81 1.51 2,809,455 257 144 2000......................... 790,274 120 24.28 .93 108,272 418 26.30 1.33 2,629,986 430 174 2001......................... 762,815 123 24.68 .89 124,618 369 23.20 1.42 2,148,924 449 173 \n2002\n4....................... 884,287 125 25.52 .94 120,851 334 20.77 1.64 5,607,737 356 186R \n2003......................... 986,026 128 26.00 .97 185,567 433 26.78 1.53 5,500,704 539 228 \n2004......................... 1,002,032 136 27.42 .97 186,655 429 26.56 1.66 5,734,054 596 248 2005......................... 1,021,437 154 31.20 .98 194,733 644 39.65 1.61 6,181,717 821 325 \n2006......................... 1,079,943 169 34.09 .97 100,965 623 37.66 2.31\n5 6,675,246 694 302 \n2007......................... 1,054,664 177 35.48 .96 88,3 47 717 43.50 2.10 7,200,316 711 323 \n1 Anthracite, bituminous, subbituminous, lignite, waste coal, and synthetic coal. \n2 Distillate fuel oil (all diesel and No. 1, No. 2, and No. 4 fuel oils), residual fuel oil (No. 5 and No. 6 fuel oils and bunke r C fuel oil), jet fuel, kerosene, petroleum coke (converted to liquid \npetroleum, see Technical Notes for conversion methodology), and waste oil. \n3 Natural gas, including a small amount of supplemental gaseous fuels that cannot be identified separately. Natural gas values for 2001 forward do not include blast furnace gas or other \ngas. \n4 Beginning in 2002, data from the historic Form EIA-423 for independent power producers and combined heat and power producers a re included in this table. Prior to 2002, these data \nwere not collected; the data for 2001 and previous years includ e only data collected from elect ric utilities via the historic F ERC Form 423. \n5 The sulfur content for petroleum liquids in 2006 was 0.74 percent and for petroleum coke it was 5.15 percent. Because the tot al receipts of petroleum liquids in 2006 went down by \napproximately 60 percent while the receipts of petroleum coke re mained about the same, the weight of petroleum liquids was much less in 2006. As a result, the average sulfur content was \nmore influenced by the petroleum coke recei pts and, therefore, increased significantly. \n R = Revised. \n Note: MCF equals 1,000 cubic feet. Totals may not equal sum of components because of independent rounding. \n Sources: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-423, \"Monthly Cost and Quality of Fuels for Electric Plants Report;\" Fede ral Energy Regulatory Commission, FERC Form 423, \n\"Monthly Report of Cost and Quality of Fuels for Electric Plants.\" \n \nTable 4.6. Receipts and Quality of Coal Deliv ered for the Electric Power Industry, 1996 through \n2007 \nAnthracite1 Bituminous1 Subbituminous Lignite \nPeriod Receipts \n(thousand \ntons) Avg. \nSulfur \nPercent \nby \nWeight Avg. \nAsh \nPercent \nby \nWeight Receipts \n(thousand \ntons) Avg. \nSulfur \nPercent \nby \nWeight Avg. \nAsh \nPercent \nby \nWeight Receipts \n(thousand \ntons) Avg. \nSulfur \nPercent \nby \nWeight Avg. \nAsh \nPercent \nby \nWeight Receipts \n(thousand \ntons) Avg. \nSulfur \nPercent \nby \nWeight Avg. \nAsh \nPercent \nby \nWeight \n1996......................... 735 .52 37.7 454,814 1.64 10.3 328,874 .39 6.6 78,278 .92 13.6 \n1997......................... 751 .53 36.7 466,104 1.65 10.5 336,805 .40 6.7 76,928 .98 13.8 1998......................... 511 .55 37.6 478,252 1.61 10.5 373,496 .38 6.6 77,189 .95 13.8 1999......................... 137 .64 37.8 444,399 1.57 10.2 386,271 .38 6.6 77,425 .90 14.2 \n2000......................... 11 .64 37.2 375,673 1.45 10.1 341,242 .35 6.3 73,349 .91 14.2 \n2001......................... -- -- -- 348,703 1.42 10.4 349,340 .35 6.1 64,772 .98 13.9 \n2002\n2....................... -- -- -- 412,589 1.47 10.1 391,785 .36 6.2 65,555 .93 13.3 \n2003......................... -- -- -- 436,809 1.49 9.9 432,513 .38 6.4 79,869 1.03 14.4 \n2004......................... -- -- -- 441,186 1.50 10.3 445,603 .36 6.0 78,268 1.05 14.2 2005......................... -- -- -- 451,680 1.55 10.5 456,856 .36 6.2 77,677 1.02 14.0 2006......................... -- -- -- 462,992 1.57 10.5 504,947 .35 6.1 75,742 .95 14.4 2007......................... -- -- -- 439,154 1.61 10.3 505,155 .34 6.0 71,930 .90 14.0 \n 1 Beginning in 2001, anthracite coal receipts were no longer reported separately. From 2001 forward, all anthracite coal receip ts have been combined with bituminous coal receipts. \n2 Beginning in 2002, data from the historic Form EIA-423 for independent power producers and combined heat and power producers a re included in this table. Prior to 2002, these data \nwere not collected; the data for 2001 and previous years includ e only data collected from elect ric utilities via the historic F ERC Form 423. \n Note: Totals may not equal sum of components because of independent rounding. \n Sources: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-423, \"Monthly Cost and Quality of Fuels for Electric Plants Report;\" Fede ral Energy Regulatory Commission, FERC Form 423, \n\"Monthly Report of Cost and Quality of Fuels for Electric Plants.\" \n "
} |
[
-0.044448815286159515,
0.04847158491611481,
-0.03208611533045769,
-0.1238844022154808,
-0.028053736314177513,
0.06793542206287384,
0.08106542378664017,
0.05403396487236023,
0.039170119911432266,
0.04248732700943947,
0.11921410262584686,
0.020596113055944443,
0.053605444729328156,
0.0032365317456424236,
0.008752353489398956,
-0.10096856951713562,
0.09863953292369843,
-0.007919767871499062,
-0.013982225209474564,
0.0637076273560524,
-0.0038508428260684013,
0.01096032653003931,
-0.010320454835891724,
-0.08283115178346634,
-0.11653221398591995,
-0.003180278232321143,
-0.04958387836813927,
-0.036274705082178116,
-0.053307902067899704,
-0.045539528131484985,
-0.021148785948753357,
0.0150104109197855,
0.009207090362906456,
0.020941119641065598,
0.08146943897008896,
-0.009999274276196957,
0.09018561244010925,
-0.010663552209734917,
0.00394620094448328,
-0.04145423322916031,
-0.10851094871759415,
-0.026795120909810066,
0.002222594106569886,
0.029918022453784943,
-0.001875216024927795,
-0.03220849484205246,
-0.05596087872982025,
-0.035467807203531265,
-0.04233134537935257,
-0.06542326509952545,
-0.01578931137919426,
0.08396340161561966,
0.061342861503362656,
0.041272006928920746,
-0.04003560170531273,
-0.08071988821029663,
0.040007881820201874,
-0.011393570341169834,
0.0419243648648262,
-0.008752799592912197,
0.00005035678987042047,
0.0013201134279370308,
-0.036071546375751495,
0.023882189765572548,
-0.055083464831113815,
0.00404649181291461,
-0.022262830287218094,
-0.04791482910513878,
0.059274330735206604,
0.005925360135734081,
-0.02508283033967018,
-0.0379246287047863,
-0.03775478154420853,
0.045567456632852554,
-0.03679387643933296,
0.022061772644519806,
-0.021701127290725708,
0.01179899089038372,
0.10234294831752777,
-0.08108460158109665,
-0.07651014626026154,
0.00705785071477294,
-0.03581780940294266,
-0.020496876910328865,
0.004279591608792543,
0.04775935783982277,
-0.05595472455024719,
0.032292116433382034,
0.026774920523166656,
0.007618410512804985,
0.05023019388318062,
-0.011459226720035076,
-0.04443364962935448,
-0.03439740836620331,
0.0076121678575873375,
-0.12749157845973969,
0.026042582467198372,
-0.001966261537745595,
-0.03079899214208126,
0.07525961101055145,
0.029398836195468903,
0.04604187607765198,
0.0015737945213913918,
0.024073317646980286,
-0.010272596962749958,
0.035210058093070984,
0.0276712067425251,
-0.03557969629764557,
0.022682325914502144,
-0.04531944543123245,
-0.035178977996110916,
0.018525725230574608,
-0.020583616569638252,
-0.062360331416130066,
0.005387814715504646,
0.004841474816203117,
-0.06139364838600159,
0.03330013528466225,
0.09580918401479721,
-0.04824899882078171,
0.01089448668062687,
0.04831982031464577,
-0.057596150785684586,
-0.012187229469418526,
0.01442815363407135,
-0.02445487678050995,
0.04380269721150398,
1.1617101367225607e-32,
-0.023722589015960693,
0.03722566366195679,
-0.05455934256315231,
-0.0009187263203784823,
0.10348068177700043,
0.013554777018725872,
-0.04329242557287216,
-0.026905149221420288,
0.03677608445286751,
0.019810538738965988,
0.01891685649752617,
-0.04014228656888008,
0.008891246281564236,
-0.0964653491973877,
0.07867903262376785,
0.07001093029975891,
0.030729809775948524,
-0.03880620747804642,
-0.01938663236796856,
-0.02188733220100403,
0.004116807598620653,
-0.06626144796609879,
0.0558207631111145,
0.07304440438747406,
0.019057275727391243,
0.017350902780890465,
-0.002042012521997094,
-0.02262863703072071,
0.11969999223947525,
0.042708199471235275,
0.020672477781772614,
-0.047444552183151245,
0.03579235449433327,
-0.005331100896000862,
0.022743571549654007,
0.013550760224461555,
0.019213682040572166,
-0.054526399821043015,
0.061665453016757965,
-0.08929412066936493,
-0.052674002945423126,
0.005878286436200142,
-0.009344931691884995,
-0.002303155604749918,
-0.012950656935572624,
-0.003938390873372555,
0.024571983143687248,
-0.006243053823709488,
-0.04279123619198799,
0.08897597342729568,
-0.05907362326979637,
-0.00423585157841444,
-0.044906627386808395,
-0.04354383796453476,
-0.1164073646068573,
-0.022183364257216454,
-0.03943115100264549,
0.05265588313341141,
0.05062703788280487,
-0.029256287962198257,
0.03406515344977379,
0.11366255581378937,
-0.009329874068498611,
0.005013521295040846,
-0.052007127553224564,
-0.0745781660079956,
-0.014584057033061981,
-0.034992605447769165,
0.03956136852502823,
-0.06067422404885292,
-0.018544770777225494,
0.04451465234160423,
0.03246001526713371,
-0.010169658809900284,
0.012949121184647083,
0.04508441314101219,
0.002060917904600501,
0.012537340633571148,
0.006169972941279411,
-0.04529406130313873,
-0.13673461973667145,
0.014824692159891129,
-0.0365307442843914,
0.03845662996172905,
0.05191732943058014,
-0.03221523016691208,
-0.00412405701354146,
-0.06774666160345078,
-0.005893089808523655,
0.0927816852927208,
-0.011270499788224697,
-0.01085507683455944,
-0.012047398835420609,
0.04277745634317398,
-0.00505167618393898,
-1.1921310489010784e-32,
-0.02997410111129284,
-0.04143352061510086,
-0.03336179628968239,
0.02538946270942688,
-0.033080048859119415,
0.0007268371991813183,
-0.05051116645336151,
-0.034083977341651917,
0.056756120175123215,
-0.1435151994228363,
-0.10865495353937149,
0.028577713295817375,
-0.022055739536881447,
-0.04154650494456291,
0.046439316123723984,
0.0058216010220348835,
-0.05176883190870285,
0.09723759442567825,
-0.05808037891983986,
0.06069713085889816,
0.07166475057601929,
0.03972282260656357,
0.03676762804389,
0.10738976299762726,
0.009145147167146206,
0.05975838378071785,
-0.02579588070511818,
-0.07561004906892776,
-0.050757620483636856,
0.008634482510387897,
0.03224458917975426,
-0.04507935792207718,
-0.03397725895047188,
0.13054871559143066,
-0.0883447453379631,
-0.08011560142040253,
0.1306828409433365,
0.02562449313700199,
-0.057680655270814896,
0.03084375150501728,
0.034567832946777344,
0.0840032547712326,
0.02808290533721447,
0.04627763479948044,
-0.08421052247285843,
-0.06711560487747192,
-0.025084715336561203,
-0.06852056831121445,
0.012869925238192081,
0.003130901837721467,
0.00218842807225883,
0.011627712287008762,
0.02164657600224018,
-0.027546236291527748,
-0.050170134752988815,
0.04370908439159393,
0.015157826244831085,
-0.026322128251194954,
-0.036237817257642746,
0.0034504816867411137,
0.0845283791422844,
0.06209670007228851,
-0.0836268737912178,
0.020750992000102997,
0.0892861858010292,
-0.042726799845695496,
-0.11102274805307388,
0.08680162578821182,
-0.020035194233059883,
-0.08266066014766693,
0.051802393049001694,
-0.06666417419910431,
0.015653185546398163,
-0.06283334642648697,
0.016313595697283745,
-0.00666821887716651,
0.06290312111377716,
-0.02992228977382183,
-0.02170851081609726,
-0.012094520032405853,
-0.012226894497871399,
-0.023722901940345764,
-0.08128026127815247,
0.028821013867855072,
0.008200147189199924,
-0.012442206032574177,
0.06666894257068634,
-0.0948081910610199,
0.01893877424299717,
0.02975270338356495,
-0.02367326058447361,
0.015500200912356377,
0.06538029760122299,
0.05632105469703674,
0.014684129506349564,
-6.565001342551113e-8,
-0.0008770092390477657,
0.020165342837572098,
0.004503615666180849,
0.02928043156862259,
-0.0089035639539361,
-0.06614483147859573,
0.03875182941555977,
-0.03647933527827263,
-0.05818227678537369,
-0.002777620917186141,
0.061087675392627716,
-0.04336671903729439,
-0.03372778370976448,
-0.0707666352391243,
0.03955554962158203,
0.05170400068163872,
0.0054769632406532764,
0.004683780018240213,
-0.0748661532998085,
0.06034262850880623,
-0.012156426906585693,
-0.034304674714803696,
0.0071027097292244434,
0.11786587536334991,
-0.08373598754405975,
-0.0036496068350970745,
0.04239334538578987,
-0.042509425431489944,
0.04802336171269417,
0.06519608199596405,
-0.023491663858294487,
0.010104995220899582,
0.1015402302145958,
-0.011737203225493431,
0.041083693504333496,
-0.03231151029467583,
-0.057816460728645325,
0.01580890268087387,
0.03933727741241455,
0.12217465788125992,
-0.07283417880535126,
-0.14864739775657654,
0.005664162337779999,
0.053108640015125275,
0.02004479244351387,
0.040222082287073135,
-0.09110669046640396,
-0.020878514274954796,
0.003800561185926199,
0.015054530464112759,
-0.031072672456502914,
-0.053303856402635574,
0.034132540225982666,
0.009645677171647549,
-0.04063960164785385,
0.08352058380842209,
0.13386017084121704,
0.04031455144286156,
-0.027037903666496277,
-0.02841116301715374,
0.05544044449925423,
0.04283210262656212,
0.032538093626499176,
0.0008187508792616427
] | {
"pdf_file": "IUJCXHJGQ5XTDLV3CYTCTXLPD77RUA2P.pdf",
"text": "VISITORS GUID E \nto\nTHE JOHN MINOR WIS DOM\nCOUR T OF APPEA LS BU ILDIN G\nA Ser vice of the Fi fth Circuit Library Syst em\n Public Entran ce: 600 Camp Stree t Front Door Security: 310-7791\nCourt Web Site: www.ca5.us courts.go v\n Secur ity Guidelines\n- A valid, official photo I .D. is required - “Valid and Official” means federal, state, or municipal I.D.\ncards or licenses that cont ain a picture. Phot o I.D.’s such as ‘Sam ’s Club’ cards are no t accep table.\n- No tape r ecor ding or video recor ding devi ces are pe rmitted\n- Guards do not have st orage f acilities to ho ld an y items \n- No cam eras\n- CELL PH ONES are pe rmitted, but must be OFF inside the courtrooms\n- No wea pons of any kind, including p ocket knives an d mace\n- Laptop Computers are acceptable\n- Handicapp ed A ccess available on Capdev ille St., push buzzer, or call ahe ad: (504) 310 -7791\nTransportation\nUnited C ab: 522 -9771\nAirport Shu ttles: 522 -3500, 592 -0555\nDirections to the John Minor Wisdom Cour t of Appeals Bui lding\n The b uilding a t 600 Camp St. can be reached by taking Canal St. or Poy dras St . sout heast towar d the\nriver and turning right onto either St. Charles Ave., or two blocks further right onto Magazine Street. \n The b uilding is directly across f rom Lafayette Squar e whi ch is bor dered b y Maest ri Place, St. Charles,\nand Camp St. The building itself is bordered by Camp St., Poydras St., Magazine St., and Capdeville St. \n \n Com ing from East New Orleans \n - M erge onto I-10 West. \n - Take EX IT 235 B towar d Canal St. / Super dom e\n - Stay straight to go onto S. Derbingny St.\n - Turn Right onto Canal St.\n - Turn Right onto St. Charles Av e.\n - Turn Le ft onto S. Maest ri Place\n - Turn Left onto Camp St. \n Coming from West / Metairie area\n - Take I -10 East towar d New Orleans\n - Take Exi t 234 B on t he left towar d Poy dras St . / Super dom e\n - Turn slight left onto Poydras St.\n - Turn Right onto St. Charles Av e.\n - Turn Le ft onto Maest ri Place\n - Turn Left onto Camp St. \nParking near the Court of Ap peals\n There are practically no public meters on the four streets bor dering the feder al buildings: Poy dras,\nCamp, Magaz ine a nd Capdev ille. There are pu blic meters nea r the a rea, but they are ha rd to find a nd\nexpensi ve for long term - you’ll nee d lots of chan ge! \n The ci ty quickly tows i llegally parked ca rs; you m ay not get a warning ticket. Impound -towing fees\nare very expensive and it can take hours to retrieve your car. We don’t want that to happen to you, so we\nmade this list!\nPark One Inc.\n650 Poydras at Camp (entrance on Cam p St.) 525- 6911 7am -6pm $13 - Fills up early in the d ay\nParking Co. of America Inc. \n408 Camp St. (504) 558 -0805 In ea rly, out late: $8\nParking Co. of Am erica Inc. \n501 Poydras St. (504) 524-3018 Very close, but fills up early, and cars get blocked in. \nAver age price\nSelf-service lots on Magazi ne at Julia Street\nInsert coins/bills into a slot on the honor system. These fill up early.\nHarrah’s Casino Parking Garage\nPoydras at Convention Center Blvd. Not very close, but easy in and out, reliable, covered, with security. \n5 blocks f rom cour thouse, per hou r rates, $10 -$20 per day\nHilton Riverside Gar age\n2 Poydras 6 blocks from courthouse. Not very close, but easy in and out, reliable, covered, \nwith secu rity. Hourly rates, $10 -$20 per day\nHotel Parking Near the C ourthouse - Pricey\nRenaiss ance Arts: $23 per day\nHotel Monaco: $29 per day\nInter-Continental: $29 per day\nQuick Foo d Near the C ourthouse\n The building provides vending machines on the first floor back hallway. T here is also a federal \ncafeteria locat ed in the b asem ent of the Hal e Boggs Building a djacent to the Cour t of Appeal s. It is ope n \nfor breakfa st and lunch, Monday s through Fridays. There are many great restaurants within blocks of\nthe co urthouse. One local favorite is Bon T on Caf é at 401 Magaz ine St . It is medium-priced a nd \nbusiness casual. The librarians keep copies of Gambit’s Annual Restaurant Guide. Just ask !\nHOTELS\n Most hotels in New Orleans are sol d ou t several months in ad vance of Mardi Gras, Jazzfest, the\nFrench Q uarter Fest ival, Essence Fest ival, and Sugar Bowl Weekend. Premium rates ap ply during those\ntimes. Cal l the library for information o n da tes: (504) 310 -7797.\nIn Order of Closest Proximity\nWyndham Hotel \n(0.07 m iles) 610 Poydras (504) 581 -4222\nLafayette Hot el Suites Dow ntown\n(0.07 m iles) 600 St. Charles Av e. (504) 524 -4441\nBest Western \n(0.09 m iles) 500 St. Charles Av e. (504) 522 -9000\nInter-Continental\n(0.13 m iles) 444 St. Charles Av e. (504) 525 -5566\nAmbassador \n(0.15 miles) 535 Tchoupi toulas St . (504) 527 -5271\nStaybridge Sui tes (new ) \n(0.16 m iles) 501 Tchoupi toulas at Poy dras (504) 571 -1818\nQueen & Crescent Hotel \n(0.16 m iles) 344 Camp St. (504) 587 -9700\nRenai ssance A rts Ho tel\n(0.18 m iles) 700 Tchoupi toulas St . (504) 613 -2330\nHotel Monaco N ew Orleans \n(0.19 m iles) 333 St. Charles Av e. (504) 561 -0010\nLa Qui nta Inn\n(0.19 m iles) 301 Camp St. (504) 598 -9977\nW Hot el New Orleans \n(0.19 m iles) 333 Poydras St . (504) 525 -944\nOmni Royal Crescent Hotel \n(0.19 m iles) 535 Gravier St. (504) 527 -0006 \nLoews New Orleans Hotel \n(0.21 m iles) 300 Poydras St . (212) 521 -2714 \nLe Pavillon Hotel \n(0.23 m iles) 833 Poydras (504) 581 -3111 Homewood Su ites Ho tel\n(0.24 m iles) 901 Poydras St . (504) 581 -5599 \nWindsor Court Hotel* \n(0.24 m iles) 300 Gravier (504) 523 -6000 *Nationally rated four star hotel\nMajor Hotels within 5 - 10 blocks of the C ourt of Appeals \nSheraton \n500 Canal St.(504) 525 -2500\nDoubletree Hotel \n300 Canal St.(504) 581 -1300 \nMarriot \n555 Canal St.(504) 581 -1000 \nEmbassy Suites\n315 Julia St. (504) 525 -1993 \nWyndham Hotel \n701 Convention Ct r. Blvd. (504) 524 -8200 \nCour tyard by Marriot \n300 Julia St. (504) 598- 9898\nHilton \n2 Poy dras (504) 561 -0500 \nFIFTH CIRCUI T LIBRA RY\n(504) 310-7797 Open Monday - Friday, 8am - 5pm http://www.lb5.uscourts.gov\n \n The Fi fth Circuit Library System serves the feder al judiciary and related a genci es througho ut\nLouisiana, Mississippi and Texas. The headquarters library in New Orleans also serves local attorneys\nand the g ener al pub lic by providing a current legal resear ch facility and personal ized reference service by\nprofessional law librarians. \n Library Services include: - A st ate-of-the-art legal resear ch col lection\n- Comprehensive collection of congressional documents\n- Library Internet site with links t o op inions, pub lications, and resear ch si tes\n- Online L ibrary Catalog, PC accessi ble \n- Links t o Fifth Circuit Archives m aterial via the O nline Cat alog\n- Public Access Terminals providing access to legal research sites, Internet, Lexis and Westlaw \n(using your own p asswor d) CD-Rom resour ces, and Word Processi ng p rograms\n- Phot ocopi es an d com puter print-outs at 10¢ per pag e. Printing to disks is free.\n- Microfiche r eader /printer/scanner\n- State Statutes, current and supe rceded, for Lou isiana, Mississippi and Texas\n- Current biographies of Fifth Circuit judges \n- Faxi ng d ocum ents upo n request - pub lished and unpub lished Fifth Circuit deci sions \nand other brief docu ments can be faxed or emailed to you u pon request\n- Com prehensive collection of Law Rev iews\n- Current national and local newspap ers and magaz ines a nd a great lounge area\n- Tours of building, when practicable, for individuals or groups. Cont act librarian \nto sche dule tour (504) 310 -7797\nIf yo u still have questions about your visit to the John Minor Wisdom Court of Ap peals\nBuilding, don’t hesi tate to cal l Library Pub lic Ser vices at (504) 310 -7797\n "
} |
[
-0.03221340849995613,
0.06440002471208572,
0.0286407470703125,
0.02118660882115364,
0.007722578477114439,
-0.07478761672973633,
-0.05387945845723152,
0.04418517276644707,
-0.02135849930346012,
-0.04796760529279709,
-0.011484876275062561,
-0.09805639833211899,
0.0551268607378006,
-0.04096769168972969,
0.023994045332074165,
0.06273888051509857,
-0.010338547639548779,
-0.11977913975715637,
-0.00750264385715127,
0.046905696392059326,
0.0730365514755249,
0.0341210812330246,
-0.013751348480582237,
0.02875072881579399,
-0.01622921973466873,
-0.02296661213040352,
-0.04222634434700012,
0.04878844693303108,
-0.012188651598989964,
-0.02411121502518654,
-0.00661984458565712,
0.049879029393196106,
-0.04021412879228592,
-0.006619639229029417,
0.08752192556858063,
0.0326843336224556,
0.043680381029844284,
0.028929149731993675,
0.04826580360531807,
-0.025022240355610847,
-0.06683573126792908,
-0.04981521517038345,
-0.004940331913530827,
0.028024224564433098,
-0.0758921205997467,
-0.013066855259239674,
0.08435104787349701,
-0.03197281062602997,
-0.03640374541282654,
-0.015197554603219032,
0.039961375296115875,
-0.02699238620698452,
-0.009819348342716694,
0.028679173439741135,
0.01242388878017664,
-0.04315246269106865,
0.0043695345520973206,
-0.09797663986682892,
0.016505423933267593,
0.012413401156663895,
0.061047326773405075,
0.023561911657452583,
-0.06527570635080338,
0.026588179171085358,
-0.0468892827630043,
0.015006938949227333,
0.042240209877491,
0.027647636830806732,
-0.050113335251808167,
-0.10028016567230225,
0.01688002049922943,
-0.07278580963611603,
-0.030720902606844902,
-0.06986355036497116,
0.01393945887684822,
-0.013958401046693325,
0.004211053252220154,
0.05441410467028618,
-0.03940127044916153,
-0.1334362030029297,
-0.006846368778496981,
0.006821660790592432,
0.03747912868857384,
-0.03318818286061287,
0.04355933889746666,
-0.020424075424671173,
0.044589072465896606,
0.061784785240888596,
0.054730579257011414,
0.05262548476457596,
0.11411400139331818,
-0.04932653158903122,
-0.019424788653850555,
0.019502243027091026,
0.04983922466635704,
0.03923240303993225,
-0.01643054001033306,
0.012458895333111286,
0.008125404827296734,
0.04199913516640663,
0.06288371235132217,
0.024450715631246567,
-0.06297943741083145,
-0.029451528564095497,
-0.01847037672996521,
0.02487347461283207,
-0.03300556540489197,
0.07825654745101929,
0.011417316272854805,
-0.016286691650748253,
-0.06256607919931412,
-0.050352901220321655,
0.025572245940566063,
-0.02739637903869152,
-0.08006778359413147,
0.041400667279958725,
-0.01933014765381813,
0.00835302472114563,
0.05743408203125,
-0.1274823248386383,
0.03216347098350525,
0.03161187842488289,
-0.01171945407986641,
0.06176109239459038,
0.0424492284655571,
-0.019093025475740433,
0.004279790446162224,
9.92138905271104e-34,
-0.032940998673439026,
0.07247024774551392,
-0.01000065729022026,
0.054272569715976715,
0.027817487716674805,
-0.015389861539006233,
0.01509789563715458,
0.0020541837438941,
-0.012092497199773788,
-0.032797642052173615,
-0.0069754524156451225,
0.05511068180203438,
0.07709265500307083,
0.0275297611951828,
-0.0842096284031868,
-0.047541987150907516,
0.017776736989617348,
-0.016760598868131638,
-0.000011563654879864771,
-0.002979822224006057,
0.038185250014066696,
-0.06463044881820679,
0.03698524460196495,
0.006721616722643375,
0.04003572091460228,
0.08666250854730606,
0.01366059947758913,
-0.004351834766566753,
-0.04354334995150566,
0.02951604500412941,
0.07473183423280716,
-0.03940510377287865,
0.06220530346035957,
0.017986474558711052,
0.08838748931884766,
0.03269260749220848,
0.06125621497631073,
-0.036197930574417114,
-0.07790202647447586,
-0.0024810824543237686,
0.02004886604845524,
0.0718068778514862,
0.001774482661858201,
0.03198310360312462,
0.0019247598247602582,
0.004734615329653025,
0.08719915896654129,
0.1308150738477707,
0.10725585371255875,
0.0546034574508667,
-0.010194697417318821,
0.03608960658311844,
-0.017444826662540436,
-0.05628853663802147,
0.019703997299075127,
0.0010777633870020509,
-0.054270192980766296,
-0.011123836040496826,
-0.024807194247841835,
-0.07563525438308716,
-0.00976599846035242,
0.09391578286886215,
-0.030148111283779144,
0.0033886560704559088,
-0.012919063679873943,
-0.014896685257554054,
-0.05105798318982124,
0.04495697468519211,
0.08812152594327927,
-0.07876800000667572,
-0.06100621819496155,
-0.002324010943993926,
0.11057661473751068,
0.046772975474596024,
0.0010090622818097472,
-0.009004905819892883,
-0.1161358430981636,
-0.002893792698159814,
-0.020215874537825584,
0.06048239395022392,
-0.04538842663168907,
-0.033713892102241516,
-0.008434033021330833,
-0.01453534048050642,
0.11238993704319,
-0.0655473917722702,
0.01743803732097149,
0.043002691119909286,
-0.008025117218494415,
0.0453307069838047,
-0.02003338560461998,
0.08071751892566681,
-0.04876277968287468,
0.01917656511068344,
0.014809268526732922,
-2.750347111631108e-33,
0.025773394852876663,
-0.07266899943351746,
-0.010507863014936447,
-0.06259745359420776,
-0.026629144325852394,
0.024730391800403595,
0.02050541341304779,
-0.07854773104190826,
0.05080585926771164,
-0.015848906710743904,
-0.06784302741289139,
0.0180527176707983,
0.04027324914932251,
-0.06373324245214462,
-0.008989856578409672,
-0.01391701027750969,
-0.06167640537023544,
0.0483706071972847,
-0.05834856629371643,
-0.005456963554024696,
-0.033324260264635086,
-0.02176773175597191,
-0.020481832325458527,
0.013156095519661903,
0.034834329038858414,
0.05521545559167862,
0.060424819588661194,
-0.08601436018943787,
0.04489533603191376,
-0.0937519371509552,
-0.05958389863371849,
-0.04086862877011299,
-0.11158112436532974,
0.013007640838623047,
-0.11203627288341522,
-0.0059143113903701305,
0.09229739755392075,
-0.05131363496184349,
-0.06058892235159874,
0.03077905997633934,
0.057678692042827606,
0.10756278038024902,
-0.02956155315041542,
0.07772860676050186,
-0.08320610970258713,
-0.029950769618153572,
0.028020625934004784,
0.0029476964846253395,
-0.008406884036958218,
-0.015409048646688461,
0.02836635522544384,
-0.0021009116899222136,
-0.01381225511431694,
-0.013434750027954578,
0.05183351784944534,
0.026542095467448235,
0.04893546923995018,
0.02901419624686241,
-0.03289856016635895,
-0.030368288978934288,
0.0688861533999443,
0.07699019461870193,
0.029771819710731506,
-0.008865541778504848,
0.08488494157791138,
-0.0284383874386549,
-0.01672189310193062,
-0.06913966685533524,
0.06854981929063797,
0.04355562478303909,
-0.0007411249680444598,
-0.078999824821949,
-0.13491658866405487,
-0.1666502058506012,
0.104951873421669,
0.04956482723355293,
0.04732590168714523,
-0.0677577331662178,
-0.15114662051200867,
-0.007847837172448635,
0.013243407011032104,
0.02257942035794258,
-0.019175054505467415,
0.040532417595386505,
0.044067393988370895,
-0.10718163102865219,
0.028199579566717148,
-0.050823040306568146,
0.06886062771081924,
-0.027199776843190193,
-0.04254048690199852,
0.03256211802363396,
0.004256424028426409,
0.055510275065898895,
-0.03527310863137245,
-5.335652630833465e-8,
0.025493301451206207,
0.017185425385832787,
-0.05341591686010361,
-0.03338437154889107,
0.029657546430826187,
-0.04802219197154045,
0.012894063256680965,
0.027628013864159584,
-0.12061260640621185,
-0.011717597022652626,
0.06742339581251144,
0.028343848884105682,
-0.056322455406188965,
-0.026253869757056236,
-0.00039403309347108006,
-0.12340743094682693,
0.07632077485322952,
0.027195043861865997,
-0.0589011050760746,
-0.01801895536482334,
-0.08669634163379669,
0.0289387758821249,
-0.08524829894304276,
0.015936383977532387,
0.027620995417237282,
-0.02406305819749832,
-0.0006595604354515672,
0.00865168310701847,
0.050669603049755096,
-0.014447338879108429,
-0.020367233082652092,
0.026796355843544006,
0.003947328310459852,
-0.04888115078210831,
-0.023177020251750946,
0.007613049820065498,
-0.027798984199762344,
0.062210164964199066,
0.02176566980779171,
0.0051775104366242886,
-0.01728697121143341,
0.03221500664949417,
-0.03589094802737236,
0.01609865576028824,
0.06500367820262909,
0.04396102577447891,
-0.15298733115196228,
0.0025778852868825197,
0.029966676607728004,
-0.0013529855059459805,
-0.02109583653509617,
-0.10592976957559586,
0.04458342492580414,
0.03922685608267784,
0.0261998251080513,
0.09616661816835403,
0.0020527681335806847,
-0.059428926557302475,
0.05107256397604942,
0.01156609132885933,
0.02966632880270481,
0.02894216775894165,
0.004693260416388512,
-0.029143765568733215
] | {
"pdf_file": "IKOIMACPLTOKKI2XAQPQOCR7HL2E7MCY.pdf",
"text": "2240 Federal Register / Vol. 73, No. 9 / Monday, January 14, 2008 / Notices \n1Interventions may also be filed electronically via \nthe Internet in lieu of paper. See the previous discussion on filing comments electronically. 1The appendices referenced in this notice are not \nbeing printed in the Federal Register. Copies are \navailable on the Commission ’s Internet Web site \n(http://www.ferc.gov ) at the ‘‘eLibrary ’’ link or from \nthe Commission ’s Public Reference Room at (202) \n502–8371. For instructions on connecting to \neLibrary, refer to the ‘‘Additional Information ’’ \nsection at the end of this notice. Copies of the appendices were sent to all those receiving this notice in the mail. Requests for detailed maps of the well locations and other proposed facilities should be made directly to North Baja. \n2‘‘We,’’ ‘‘us,’’ and ‘‘our’’ refer to the \nenvironmental staff of the FERC ’s Office of Energy \nProjects. as specified above.1You do not need \nintervenor status to have your comments considered. \nAdditional information about the \nproject is available from the Commission ’s Office of External Affairs, \nat 1–866–208–FERC or on the FERC \nInternet Web site ( http://www.ferc.gov ) \nusing the eLibrary link. Click on the eLibrary link, click on ‘‘General Search ’’ \nand enter the docket number excluding the last three digits in the Docket Number field. Be sure you have selected an appropriate date range. The ‘‘eLibrary ’’ link provides access to the \ntexts of formal documents issued by the Commission, such as orders, notices, and rulemakings. For assistance with ‘‘eLibrary ’’, please contact FERC Online \nSupport at FercOnlineSupport@ferc.gov \nor toll free at 1 –866–208–3676, or for \nTTY, contact (202) 502 –8659. \nIn addition, the Commission now \noffers a free service called eSubscription which allows you too keep track of all formal issuances and submittals in specific dockets. This can reduce the amount of time you spend researching proceedings by automatically providing you with notification of these filings, document summaries and direct links to the documents. To learn more about eSubscription and to sign-up for this service please go to http://www.ferc.gov/ \nesubscribenow.htm. \nKimberly D. Bose, \nSecretary. \n[FR Doc. E8 –396 Filed 1 –11–08; 8:45 am] \nBILLING CODE 6717 –01–P \nDEPARTMENT OF ENERGY \nFederal Energy Regulatory \nCommission \n[Docket No. PF07 –11–000] \nNorth Baja Pipeline, LLC; Notice of \nIntent to Prepare an Environmental \nAssessment for the Proposed Yuma Lateral Project and Request for Comments on Environmental Issues \nJanuary 4, 2008. \nThe staff of the Federal Energy \nRegulatory Commission (FERC or Commission) will prepare an environmental assessment (EA) that will discuss the environmental impacts of the proposed Yuma Lateral Project involving construction and operation of natural gas facilities by North Baja Pipeline, LLC (North Baja) in Yuma County, Arizona. The EA will be used by the Commission in its decision- making process to determine whether \nthe project is in the public convenience and necessity. \nThis notice announces the opening of \nthe scoping process the Commission will use to gather input from the public and interested agencies on the project. Your input will help determine which issues need to be evaluated in the EA. Please note that the scoping period will close on February 4, 2008. Details on how to submit comments are provided in the Public Participation section of this notice. \nIf you are a landowner receiving this \nnotice, you may be contacted by a pipeline company representative about the acquisition of an easement to construct, operate, and maintain the proposed facilities. North Baja would seek to negotiate a mutually acceptable agreement. However, if the project is approved by the Commission, that approval conveys with it the right of eminent domain. Therefore, if easement negotiations fail to produce an agreement, North Baja could initiate condemnation proceedings in accordance with state law. \nThis notice is being sent to affected \nlandowners; federal, state, and local government representatives and \nagencies; elected officials; Native American tribes; other interested parties; and local libraries and newspapers. State and local government representatives are asked to notify their constituents of this proposed project and to encourage them to comment on their areas of concern. \nA fact sheet prepared by the FERC \nentitled ‘‘An Interstate Natural Gas \nFacility On My Land? What Do I Need To Know? ’’ addresses a number of \ntypically asked questions, including the use of eminent domain and how to participate in the Commission ’s \nproceedings. It is available for viewing on the FERC Internet Web site ( http:// \nwww.ferc.gov ). \nSummary of the Proposed Project \nThe Yuma Lateral Project would \ninvolve construction of approximately 3.3 miles of 12-inch-diameter pipeline from the international border at the Colorado River to the Yucca Power Plant, also in Yuma County, Arizona. An additional 3.1 miles would be constructed in Mexico. A meter station would be constructed at the Yucca Power Plant along with a pig receiver. The majority of the Yuma Lateral would be constructed on public lands, primarily a Bureau of Reclamation (BOR) canal right-of-way (ROW). The majority of the proposed pipeline ROW route is co-located immediately adjacent to an existing railroad ROW. The purpose of the proposed project \nis to provide the Yucca Power Plant with access to existing and future power generation needs. Gas would be shipped from Sempra ’s Gasoducto Bajanorte \npipeline through a new 3.1-mile-long lateral in Mexico to the international border, from which 81,250 Dth/day of gas would be shipped via the Yuma Lateral to supply the Yucca Power Plant. \nThe general location of the proposed \nproject is shown in Appendix 1.\n1 \nLand Requirements for Construction \nConstruction of the proposed project \nwould affect a total of about 29.5 acres during construction. Following construction, about 21.0 acres would be allowed to revert to its previous conditions. Disturbance associated with aboveground facilities would permanently impact 0.5 acre of land. \nNorth Baja proposes a typical \nconstruction ROW for the proposed pipeline of between 52 and 80 feet, which is 32 to 60 feet of temporary workspace and 20 feet of permanent ROW. \nThe EA Process \nWe\n2are preparing this EA to comply \nwith the National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) which requires the Commission to take into account the environmental impact that could result if it authorizes North Baja ’s proposal. By \nthis notice, we are also asking federal, state, and local agencies with jurisdiction and/or special expertise with respect to environmental issues to formally cooperate with us in the preparation of the EA. Agencies that would like to request cooperating status should follow the instructions for filing comments provided below. \nNEPA also requires the FERC to \ndiscover and address concerns the public may have about proposals. This process is referred to as ‘‘scoping. ’’ The \nmain goal of the scoping process is to \nfocus the analysis in the EA on the important environmental issues. By this Notice of Intent, we are requesting public comments on the scope of the issues to address in the EA. All \nVerDate Aug<31>2005 15:22 Jan 11, 2008 Jkt 214001 PO 00000 Frm 00029 Fmt 4703 Sfmt 4703 E:\\FR\\FM\\14JAN1.SGM 14JAN1rmajette on PROD1PC64 with NOTICES 2241 Federal Register / Vol. 73, No. 9 / Monday, January 14, 2008 / Notices \ncomments received will be considered \nduring the preparation of the EA. \nThe EA will discuss impacts that \ncould occur as a result of the construction and operation of the proposed project under these general headings: \n•geology and soils \n•wetlands and waterbodies \n•land use \n•cultural resources \n•vegetation and wildlife (including \nsensitive species) \n•air and noise quality \nOur independent analysis of the \nissues will be in the EA. Depending on the comments received during the scoping process, the EA may be published and mailed to federal, state, and local agencies, public interest groups, interested individuals, affected landowners, newspapers, libraries, and the Commission ’s official service list for \nthis proceeding. A comment period will be allotted for review if the EA is published. We will consider all comments on the EA before we make our recommendations to the Commission. \nAlthough no formal application has \nbeen filed, the FERC staff has already initiated its NEPA review under its Pre- filing Process. The purpose of the Pre- filing Process is to encourage the early involvement of interested stakeholders and to identify and resolve issues before an application is filed with the FERC. Once a formal application is filed with the FERC, a new docket number will be established. \nPublic Participation \nYou can make a difference by \nproviding us with your specific comments or concerns about the project. By becoming a commentor, your concerns will be addressed in the EA and considered by the Commission. You should focus on the potential environmental effects of the proposal, reasonable alternatives to the proposal including alternative locations and routes, and measures to avoid or lessen environmental impact. The more specific your comments, the more useful they will be. Please carefully follow these instructions to ensure that your comments are received in time and properly recorded: \n•Send an original and two copies of \nyour letter to: Kimberley D. Bose, Secretary, Federal Energy Regulatory Commission, 888 First St. NE.; Room 1A, Washington, DC 20426. \n•Label one copy of the comments for \nthe attention of Gas Branch 1. \n•Reference Docket No. PF07 –11–000. •Mail your comments so that they \nwill be received in Washington, DC on or before February 4, 2008. \nThe Commission encourages \nelectronic filing of comments. See 18 Code of Federal Regulations 385.2001(a)(1)(iii) and the instructions on the Commission ’s Internet Web site \nat http://www.ferc.gov under the \n‘‘eFiling ’’ link and the link to the User ’s \nGuide. Prepare your submission in the same manner as you would if filing on paper and save it to a file on your hard drive. Before you can file comments you will need to create an account by clicking on ‘‘Login to File ’’ and then \n‘‘New User Account. ’’ You will be asked \nto select the type of filing you are making. This filing is considered a ‘‘Comment on Filing. ’’ \nWe may mail the EA for comment. If \nyou are interested in receiving it, please return the Information Request (Appendix 2). If you do not return the Information Request, you will be taken off the mailing list. \nOnce North Baja formally files its \napplication with the Commission, you may want to become an official party to the proceeding known as an ‘‘intervenor. ’’ Intervenors play a more \nformal role in the process and are able \nto file briefs, appear at hearings, and be heard by the courts if they choose to appeal the Commission ’s final ruling. \nAn intervenor formally participates in a Commission proceeding by filing a request to intervene. Instructions for becoming an intervenor are included in the User ’s Guide under the ‘‘e-filing ’’ \nlink on the Commission ’s web site. \nPlease note that you may not request intervenor status at this time. You must wait until a formal application is filed with the Commission. \nAdditional Information \nAdditional information about the \nproject is available from the Commission ’s Office of External Affairs, \nat 1–866–208–FERC or on the FERC \nInternet Web site ( http://www.ferc.gov ) \nusing the ‘‘eLibrary ’’ link. Click on the \neLibrary link, click on ‘‘General Search ’’ \nand enter the docket number excluding the last three digits in the Docket Number field. Be sure you have selected an appropriate date range. For assistance, please contact FERC Online Support at FercOnlineSupport@ferc.gov \nor toll free at 1 –866–208–3676, or for \nTTY, contact (202)502 –8659. The \neLibrary link also provides access to the texts of formal documents issued by the Commission, such as orders, notices, and rulemakings. \nIn addition, the Commission now \noffers a free service called eSubscription which allows you to keep track of all formal issuances and submittals in \nspecific dockets. This can reduce the amount of time you spend researching proceedings by automatically providing you with notification of these filings, document summaries and direct links to the documents. Go to http:// \nwww.ferc.gov/esubscribenow.htm. \nKimberly D. Bose, \nSecretary. [FR Doc. E8 –395 Filed 1 –11–08; 8:45 am] \nBILLING CODE 6717 –01–P \nDEPARTMENT OF ENERGY \nFederal Energy Regulatory \nCommission \nNotice of Commission Staff \nAttendance at Midwest ISO Meetings \nJanuary 4, 2008. \nThe Federal Energy Regulatory \nCommission hereby gives notice that members of the Commission and Commission staff may attend the following Midwest ISO-related meetings: \n•Advisory Committee (10 a.m. –4 p.m., \nEST) \nÆJanuary 16 \nÆFebruary 20 \nÆMarch 12 \nÆMay 14 \nÆJune 18 \nÆJuly 16 \nÆAugust 20 (St. Paul Hotel, 350 \nMarket St., St. Paul, MN) \nÆSeptember 17 \nÆOctober 15 \nÆNovember 19 \nÆDecember 10 \n•Board of Directors (8:30 a.m. –10 a.m., \nEST) \nÆJanuary 17 \nÆMarch 13 \nÆApril 17 \nÆJune 19 \nÆAugust 21 (St. Paul Hotel, 350 \nMarket St., St. Paul, MN) \nÆOctober 16 \nÆDecember 11 \n•Board of Directors Markets Committee \n(8 a.m. –10 a.m., EST) \nÆMarch 12 \nÆMay 14 \nÆJune 18 \nÆJuly 16 \nÆAugust 20 (St. Paul Hotel, 350 \nMarket St., St. Paul, MN) \nÆSeptember 17 \nÆOctober 15 \nÆNovember 19 \nÆDecember 10 \n•Midwest ISO Informational Forum (3 \np.m.–5 p.m., EST) \nÆJanuary 15 \nÆFebruary 19 \nVerDate Aug<31>2005 15:22 Jan 11, 2008 Jkt 214001 PO 00000 Frm 00030 Fmt 4703 Sfmt 4703 E:\\FR\\FM\\14JAN1.SGM 14JAN1rmajette on PROD1PC64 with NOTICES"
} |