stasvinokur/cve-and-cwe-dataset-1999-2025 huggingface dataset:
CVE-2019-6809 (severity: HIGH, weakness: CWE-248)
A CWE-248: Uncaught Exception vulnerability exists in Modicon M580 (firmware versions prior to V2.90), Modicon M340 (firmware versions prior to V3.10), Modicon Premium (all versions), Modicon Quantum (all versions), which could cause a possible denial of service when reading invalid data from the controller.
CVE-2019-6810 (severity: HIGH, weakness: CWE-284)
CWE-284: Improper Access Control vulnerability exists in BMXNOR0200H Ethernet / Serial RTU module (all firmware versions), which could cause the execution of commands by unauthorized users when using IEC 60870-5-104 protocol.
CVE-2019-6811 (severity: HIGH, weakness: CWE-754)
An Improper Check for Unusual or Exceptional Conditions (CWE-754) vulnerability exists in Modicon Quantum 140 NOE771x1 version 6.9 and earlier, which could cause denial of service when the module receives an IP fragmented packet with a length greater than 65535 bytes. The module then requires a power cycle to recover.
CVE-2019-6812 (severity: HIGH, weakness: CWE-798)
A CWE-798 use of hardcoded credentials vulnerability exists in BMX-NOR-0200H with firmware versions prior to V1.7 IR 19 which could cause a confidentiality issue when using FTP protocol.
CVE-2019-6813 (severity: HIGH, weakness: CWE-754)
A CWE-754: Improper Check for Unusual or Exceptional Conditions vulnerability exists in BMXNOR0200H Ethernet / Serial RTU module (all firmware versions) and Modicon M340 controller (all firmware versions), which could cause denial of service when truncated SNMP packets on port 161/UDP are received by the device.
CVE-2019-6814 (severity: CRITICAL, weakness: CWE-287)
A CWE-287: Improper Authentication vulnerability exists in the NET55XX Encoder with firmware prior to version 2.1.9.7 which could cause impact to confidentiality, integrity, and availability when a remote attacker crafts a malicious request to the encoder webUI.
CVE-2019-6815 (severity: CRITICAL, weakness: NVD-CWE-Other)
In Modicon Quantum all firmware versions, CWE-264: Permissions, Privileges, and Access Control vulnerabilities could cause a denial of service or unauthorized modifications of the PLC configuration when using Ethernet/IP protocol.
CVE-2019-6816 (severity: CRITICAL, weakness: CWE-94)
In Modicon Quantum all firmware versions, a CWE-94: Code Injection vulnerability could cause an unauthorized firmware modification with possible Denial of Service when using Modbus protocol.
CVE-2019-6819 (severity: HIGH, weakness: CWE-754)
A CWE-754: Improper Check for Unusual or Exceptional Conditions vulnerability exists which could cause a possible Denial of Service when specific Modbus frames are sent to the controller in the products: Modicon M340 - firmware versions prior to V3.01, Modicon M580 - firmware versions prior to V2.80, All firmware versions of Modicon Quantum and Modicon Premium.
CVE-2019-6820 (severity: HIGH, weakness: CWE-306)
A CWE-306: Missing Authentication for Critical Function vulnerability exists which could cause a modification of device IP configuration (IP address, network mask and gateway IP address) when a specific Ethernet frame is received in all versions of: Modicon M100, Modicon M200, Modicon M221, ATV IMC drive controller, Modicon M241, Modicon M251, Modicon M258, Modicon LMC058, Modicon LMC078, PacDrive Eco ,PacDrive Pro, PacDrive Pro2
CVE-2019-6821 (severity: MEDIUM, weakness: CWE-330)
CWE-330: Use of Insufficiently Random Values vulnerability, which could cause the hijacking of the TCP connection when using Ethernet communication in Modicon M580 firmware versions prior to V2.30, and all firmware versions of Modicon M340, Modicon Premium, Modicon Quantum.
CVE-2019-6822 (severity: HIGH, weakness: CWE-416)
A Use After Free: CWE-416 vulnerability exists in Zelio Soft 2, V5.2 and earlier, which could cause remote code execution when opening a specially crafted Zelio Soft 2 project file.
CVE-2019-6823 (severity: CRITICAL, weakness: CWE-94)
A CWE-94: Code Injection vulnerability exists in ProClima (all versions prior to version 8.0.0) which could allow an unauthenticated, remote attacker to execute arbitrary code on the targeted system in all versions of ProClima prior to version 8.0.0.
CVE-2019-6824 (severity: CRITICAL, weakness: CWE-119)
A CWE-119: Buffer Errors vulnerability exists in ProClima (all versions prior to version 8.0.0) which allows an unauthenticated, remote attacker to execute arbitrary code on the targeted system in all versions of ProClima prior to version 8.0.0.
CVE-2019-6825 (severity: HIGH, weakness: CWE-427)
A CWE-427: Uncontrolled Search Path Element vulnerability exists in ProClima (all versions prior to version 8.0.0) which could allow a malicious DLL file, with the same name of any resident DLLs inside the software installation, to execute arbitrary code in all versions of ProClima prior to version 8.0.0.
CVE-2019-6826 (severity: HIGH, weakness: CWE-426)
A CWE-426: Untrusted Search Path vulnerability exists in SoMachine HVAC v2.4.1 and earlier versions, which could cause arbitrary code execution on the system running SoMachine HVAC when a malicious DLL library is loaded by the product.
CVE-2019-6827 (severity: HIGH, weakness: CWE-787)
A CWE-787: Out-of-bounds Write vulnerability exists in Interactive Graphical SCADA System (IGSS), Version 14 and prior, which could cause a software crash when data in the mdb database is manipulated.
CVE-2019-6828 (severity: HIGH, weakness: CWE-248)
A CWE-248: Uncaught Exception vulnerability exists Modicon M580 (firmware version prior to V2.90), Modicon M340 (firmware version prior to V3.10), Modicon Premium (all versions), and Modicon Quantum (all versions), which could cause a possible denial of service when reading specific coils and registers in the controller over Modbus.
CVE-2019-6829 (severity: HIGH, weakness: CWE-248)
A CWE-248: Uncaught Exception vulnerability exists in Modicon M580 (firmware version prior to V2.90) and Modicon M340 (firmware version prior to V3.10), which could cause a possible denial of service when writing to specific memory addresses in the controller over Modbus.
CVE-2019-6830 (severity: MEDIUM, weakness: CWE-248)
A CWE-248: Uncaught Exception vulnerability exists IN Modicon M580 all versions prior to V2.80, which could cause a possible denial of service when sending an appropriately timed HTTP request to the controller.
CVE-2019-6831 (severity: HIGH, weakness: CWE-754)
A CWE-754: Improper Check for Unusual or Exceptional Conditions vulnerability exists in BMXNOR0200H Ethernet / Serial RTU module (all firmware versions), which could cause disconnection of active connections when an unusually high number of IEC 60870- 5-104 packets are received by the module on port 2404/TCP.
CVE-2019-6832 (severity: HIGH, weakness: CWE-287)
A CWE-287: Authentication vulnerability exists in spaceLYnk (all versions before 2.4.0) and Wiser for KNX (all versions before 2.4.0 - formerly known as homeLYnk), which could cause loss of control when an attacker bypasses the authentication.
CVE-2019-6833 (severity: MEDIUM, weakness: CWE-754)
A CWE-754 – Improper Check for Unusual or Exceptional Conditions vulnerability exists in Magelis HMI Panels (all versions of - HMIGTO, HMISTO, XBTGH, HMIGTU, HMIGTUX, HMISCU, HMISTU, XBTGT, XBTGT, HMIGXO, HMIGXU), which could cause a temporary freeze of the HMI when a high rate of frames is received. When the attack stops, the buffered commands are processed by the HMI panel.
CVE-2019-6834 (severity: HIGH, weakness: CWE-502)
A CWE-502: Deserialization of Untrusted Data vulnerability exists which could allow an attacker to execute arbitrary code on the targeted system with SYSTEM privileges when placing a malicious user to be authenticated for this vulnerability to be successfully exploited. Affected Product: Schneider Electric Software Update (SESU) SUT Service component (V2.1.1 to V2.3.0)
CVE-2019-6835 (severity: MEDIUM, weakness: CWE-79)
A Cross-Site Scripting (XSS) CWE-79 vulnerability exists in U.motion Server (MEG6501-0001 - U.motion KNX server, MEG6501-0002 - U.motion KNX Server Plus, MEG6260-0410 - U.motion KNX Server Plus, Touch 10, MEG6260-0415 - U.motion KNX Server Plus, Touch 15), which could allow an attacker to inject client-side script when a user visits a web page.
CVE-2019-6836 (severity: HIGH, weakness: CWE-863)
A CWE-863: Incorrect Authorization vulnerability exists in U.motion Server (MEG6501-0001 - U.motion KNX server, MEG6501-0002 - U.motion KNX Server Plus, MEG6260-0410 - U.motion KNX Server Plus, Touch 10, MEG6260-0415 - U.motion KNX Server Plus, Touch 15), which could allow the file system to access the wrong file.
CVE-2019-6837 (severity: CRITICAL, weakness: CWE-918)
A Server-Side Request Forgery (SSRF): CWE-918 vulnerability exists in U.motion Server (MEG6501-0001 - U.motion KNX server, MEG6501-0002 - U.motion KNX Server Plus, MEG6260-0410 - U.motion KNX Server Plus, Touch 10, MEG6260-0415 - U.motion KNX Server Plus, Touch 15), which could cause server configuration data to be exposed when an attacker modifies a URL.
CVE-2019-6838 (severity: MEDIUM, weakness: CWE-863)
A CWE-863: Incorrect Authorization vulnerability exists in U.motion Server (MEG6501-0001 - U.motion KNX server, MEG6501-0002 - U.motion KNX Server Plus, MEG6260-0410 - U.motion KNX Server Plus, Touch 10, MEG6260-0415 - U.motion KNX Server Plus, Touch 15), which could allow a user with low privileges to delete a critical file.
CVE-2019-6839 (severity: HIGH, weakness: CWE-434)
A CWE-434: Unrestricted Upload of File with Dangerous Type vulnerability exists in U.motion Server (MEG6501-0001 - U.motion KNX server, MEG6501-0002 - U.motion KNX Server Plus, MEG6260-0410 - U.motion KNX Server Plus, Touch 10, MEG6260-0415 - U.motion KNX Server Plus, Touch 15), which could allow a user with low privileges to upload a rogue file.
CVE-2019-6840 (severity: CRITICAL, weakness: CWE-134)
A Format String: CWE-134 vulnerability exists in U.motion Server (MEG6501-0001 - U.motion KNX server, MEG6501-0002 - U.motion KNX Server Plus, MEG6260-0410 - U.motion KNX Server Plus, Touch 10, MEG6260-0415 - U.motion KNX Server Plus, Touch 15), which could allow an attacker to send a crafted message to the target server, thereby causing arbitrary commands to be executed.
CVE-2019-6841 (severity: MEDIUM, weakness: CWE-755)
A CWE-755: Improper Handling of Exceptional Conditions vulnerability exists in Modicon M580 with firmware (version prior to V3.10), Modicon M340 (all firmware versions), and Modicon BMxCRA and 140CRA modules (all firmware versions), which could cause a Denial of Service attack on the PLC when upgrading the firmware with no firmware image inside the package using FTP protocol.
CVE-2019-6842 (severity: MEDIUM, weakness: CWE-755)
A CWE-755: Improper Handling of Exceptional Conditions vulnerability exists in Modicon M580, Modicon M340, Modicon BMxCRA and 140CRA modules (all firmware versions), which could cause a Denial of Service attack on the PLC when upgrading the firmware with a missing web server image inside the package using FTP protocol.
CVE-2019-6843 (severity: MEDIUM, weakness: CWE-755)
A CWE-755: Improper Handling of Exceptional Conditions vulnerability exists in Modicon M580 with firmware (version prior to V3.10), Modicon M340 (all firmware versions), and Modicon BMxCRA and 140CRA modules (all firmware versions), which could cause a Denial of Service attack on the PLC when upgrading the controller with an empty firmware package using FTP protocol.
CVE-2019-6844 (severity: MEDIUM, weakness: CWE-755)
A CWE-755: Improper Handling of Exceptional Conditions vulnerability exists in Modicon M580, Modicon M340, Modicon BMxCRA and 140CRA modules (all firmware versions), which could cause a Denial of Service atack on the PLC when upgrading the controller with a firmware package containing an invalid web server image using FTP protocol.
CVE-2019-6845 (severity: HIGH, weakness: CWE-319)
A CWE-319: Cleartext Transmission of Sensitive Information vulnerability exists in Modicon M580, Modicon M340, Modicon Premium , Modicon Quantum (all firmware versions), which could cause the disclosure of information when transferring applications to the controller using Modbus TCP protocol.
CVE-2019-6846 (severity: MEDIUM, weakness: CWE-319)
A CWE-319: Cleartext Transmission of Sensitive Information vulnerability exists in Modicon M580, Modicon M340, Modicon BMxCRA and 140CRA modules (all firmware versions), which could cause information disclosure when using the FTP protocol.
CVE-2019-6847 (severity: MEDIUM, weakness: CWE-755)
A CWE-755: Improper Handling of Exceptional Conditions vulnerability exists in Modicon M580, Modicon M340, Modicon BMxCRA and 140CRA modules (all firmware versions), which could cause a Denial of Service attack on the FTP service when upgrading the firmware with a version incompatible with the application in the controller using FTP protocol.
CVE-2019-6848 (severity: HIGH, weakness: CWE-755)
A CWE-755: Improper Handling of Exceptional Conditions vulnerability exists in Modicon M580 CPU (BMEx58*) and Modicon M580 communication module (BMENOC0311, BMENOC0321) (see notification for version info), which could cause a Denial of Service attack on the PLC when sending specific data on the REST API of the controller/communication module.
CVE-2019-6849 (severity: HIGH, weakness: CWE-200)
A CWE-200: Information Exposure vulnerability exists in Modicon M580, Modicon BMENOC 0311, and Modicon BMENOC 0321, which could cause the disclosure of sensitive information when using specific Modbus services provided by the REST API of the controller/communication module.
CVE-2019-6850 (severity: HIGH, weakness: CWE-200)
A CWE-200: Information Exposure vulnerability exists in Modicon M580, Modicon BMENOC 0311, and Modicon BMENOC 0321, which could cause the disclosure of sensitive information when reading specific registers with the REST API of the controller/communication module.
CVE-2019-6851 (severity: HIGH, weakness: CWE-538)
A CWE-538: File and Directory Information Exposure vulnerability exists in Modicon M580, Modicon M340, Modicon Premium , Modicon Quantum (all firmware versions), which could cause the disclosure of information from the controller when using TFTP protocol.
CVE-2019-6852 (severity: HIGH, weakness: CWE-200)
A CWE-200: Information Exposure vulnerability exists in Modicon Controllers (M340 CPUs, M340 communication modules, Premium CPUs, Premium communication modules, Quantum CPUs, Quantum communication modules - see security notification for specific versions), which could cause the disclosure of FTP hardcoded credentials when using the Web server of the controller on an unsecure network.
CVE-2019-6853 (severity: MEDIUM, weakness: CWE-79)
A CWE-79: Failure to Preserve Web Page Structure vulnerability exists in Andover Continuum (models 9680, 5740 and 5720, bCX4040, bCX9640, 9900, 9940, 9924 and 9702) , which could enable a successful Cross-site Scripting (XSS attack) when using the products web server.
CVE-2019-6854 (severity: HIGH, weakness: CWE-287)
A CWE-287: Improper Authentication vulnerability exists in a folder within EcoStruxure Geo SCADA Expert (ClearSCADA) -with initial releases before 1 January 2019- which could cause a low privilege user to delete or modify database, setting or certificate files. Those users must have access to the file system of that operating system to exploit this vulnerability. Affected versions in current support includes ClearSCADA 2017 R3, ClearSCADA 2017 R2, and ClearSCADA 2017.
CVE-2019-6855 (severity: HIGH, weakness: CWE-863)
Incorrect Authorization vulnerability exists in EcoStruxure Control Expert (all versions prior to 14.1 Hot Fix), Unity Pro (all versions), Modicon M340 (all versions prior to V3.20) , and Modicon M580 (all versions prior to V3.10), which could cause a bypass of the authentication process between EcoStruxure Control Expert and the M340 and M580 controllers.
CVE-2019-6856 (severity: HIGH, weakness: CWE-754)
A CWE-754: Improper Check for Unusual or Exceptional Conditions vulnerability exists in Modicon M580, Modicon M340, Modicon Quantum, Modicon Premium (see security notification for specific versions) which could cause a Denial of Service when writing specific physical memory blocks using Modbus TCP.
CVE-2019-6857 (severity: HIGH, weakness: CWE-754)
A CWE-754: Improper Check for Unusual or Exceptional Conditions vulnerability exists in Modicon M580, Modicon M340, Modicon Quantum, Modicon Premium (see security notification for specific versions) which could cause a Denial of Service of the controller when reading specific memory blocks using Modbus TCP.
CVE-2019-6858 (severity: HIGH, weakness: CWE-427)
A CWE-427:Uncontrolled Search Path Element vulnerability exists in MSX Configurator (Software Version prior to V1.0.8.1), which could cause privilege escalation when injecting a malicious DLL.
CVE-2019-6859 (severity: HIGH, weakness: CWE-798)
A CWE-798: Use of Hardcoded Credentials vulnerability exists in Modicon Controllers (All versions of the following CPUs and Communication Module product references listed in the Security Notifications), which could cause the disclosure of FTP hardcoded credentials when using the Web server of the controller on an unsecure network.
CVE-2019-6956 (severity: HIGH, weakness: CWE-125)
An issue was discovered in Freeware Advanced Audio Decoder 2 (FAAD2) 2.8.8. It is a buffer over-read in ps_mix_phase in libfaad/ps_dec.c.
CVE-2019-6957 (severity: CRITICAL, weakness: CWE-787)
A recently discovered security vulnerability affects all Bosch Video Management System (BVMS) versions 9.0 and below, DIVAR IP 2000, 3000, 5000 and 7000, Video Recording Manager (VRM), Video Streaming Gateway (VSG), Configuration Manager, Building Integration System (BIS) with Video Engine, Access Professional Edition (APE), Access Easy Controller (AEC), Bosch Video Client (BVC) and Video SDK (VSDK). The vulnerability potentially allows the unauthorized execution of code in the system via the network interface.
CVE-2019-6958 (severity: CRITICAL, weakness: CWE-306)
A recently discovered security vulnerability affects all Bosch Video Management System (BVMS) versions 9.0 and below, DIVAR IP 2000, 3000, 5000 and 7000, Configuration Manager, Building Integration System (BIS) with Video Engine, Access Professional Edition (APE), Access Easy Controller (AEC), Bosch Video Client (BVC) and Video SDK (VSDK). The RCP+ network port allows access without authentication. Adding authentication feature to the respective library fixes the issue. The issue is classified as "CWE-284: Improper Access Control." This vulnerability, for example, allows a potential attacker to delete video or read video data.
CVE-2019-6960 (severity: CRITICAL, weakness: NVD-CWE-Other)
An issue was discovered in GitLab Community and Enterprise Edition 9.x, 10.x, and 11.x before 11.5.8, 11.6.x before 11.6.6, and 11.7.x before 11.7.1. It has Incorrect Access Control. Access to the internal wiki is permitted when an external wiki service is enabled.
CVE-2019-6961 (severity: MEDIUM, weakness: CWE-862)
Incorrect access control in actionHandlerUtility.php in the RDK RDKB-20181217-1 WebUI module allows a logged in user to control DDNS, QoS, RIP, and other privileged configurations (intended only for the network operator) by sending an HTTP POST to the PHP backend, because the page filtering for non-superuser (in header.php) is done only for GET requests and not for direct AJAX calls.
CVE-2019-6962 (severity: HIGH, weakness: CWE-78)
A shell injection issue in cosa_wifi_apis.c in the RDK RDKB-20181217-1 CcspWifiAgent module allows attackers with login credentials to execute arbitrary shell commands under the CcspWifiSsp process (running as root) if the platform was compiled with the ENABLE_FEATURE_MESHWIFI macro. The attack is conducted by changing the Wi-Fi network password to include crafted escape characters. This is related to the WebUI module.
CVE-2019-6963 (severity: HIGH, weakness: CWE-787)
A heap-based buffer overflow in cosa_dhcpv4_dml.c in the RDK RDKB-20181217-1 CcspPandM module may allow attackers with login credentials to achieve remote code execution by crafting a long buffer in the "Comment" field of an IP reservation form in the admin panel. This is related to the CcspCommonLibrary module.
CVE-2019-6964 (severity: HIGH, weakness: CWE-125)
A heap-based buffer over-read in Service_SetParamStringValue in cosa_x_cisco_com_ddns_dml.c of the RDK RDKB-20181217-1 CcspPandM module may allow attackers with login credentials to achieve information disclosure and code execution by crafting an AJAX call responsible for DDNS configuration with an exactly 64-byte username, password, or domain, for which the buffer size is insufficient for the final '\0' character. This is related to the CcspCommonLibrary and WebUI modules.
CVE-2019-6965 (severity: MEDIUM, weakness: CWE-79)
An XSS issue was discovered in i-doit Open 1.12 via the src/tools/php/qr/qr.php url parameter.
CVE-2019-6966 (severity: MEDIUM, weakness: CWE-770)
An issue was discovered in Bento4 1.5.1-628. The AP4_ElstAtom class in Core/Ap4ElstAtom.cpp has an attempted excessive memory allocation related to AP4_Array<AP4_ElstEntry>::EnsureCapacity in Core/Ap4Array.h, as demonstrated by mp42hls.
CVE-2019-6967 (severity: HIGH, weakness: CWE-352)
AirTies Air5341 1.0.0.12 devices allow cgi-bin/login CSRF.
CVE-2019-6968 (severity: MEDIUM, weakness: CWE-79)
The web interface of the D-Link DVA-5592 20180823 is vulnerable to XSS because HTML form parameters are directly reflected.
CVE-2019-6969 (severity: HIGH, weakness: CWE-79)
The web interface of the D-Link DVA-5592 20180823 is vulnerable to an authentication bypass that allows an unauthenticated user to have access to sensitive information such as the Wi-Fi password and the phone number (if VoIP is in use).
CVE-2019-6970 (severity: HIGH, weakness: CWE-918)
Moodle 3.5.x before 3.5.4 allows SSRF.
CVE-2019-6971 (severity: CRITICAL, weakness: NVD-CWE-Other)
An issue was discovered on TP-Link TL-WR1043ND V2 devices. An attacker can send a cookie in an HTTP authentication packet to the router management web interface, and fully control the router without knowledge of the credentials.
CVE-2019-6972 (severity: HIGH, weakness: CWE-326)
An issue was discovered on TP-Link TL-WR1043ND V2 devices. The credentials can be easily decoded and cracked by brute-force, WordList, or Rainbow Table attacks. Specifically, credentials in the "Authorization" cookie are encoded with URL encoding and base64, leading to easy decoding. Also, the username is cleartext, and the password is hashed with the MD5 algorithm (after decoding of the URL encoded string with base64).
CVE-2019-6973 (severity: HIGH, weakness: NVD-CWE-Other)
Sricam IP CCTV cameras are vulnerable to denial of service via multiple incomplete HTTP requests because the web server (based on gSOAP 2.8.x) is configured for an iterative queueing approach (aka non-threaded operation) with a timeout of several seconds.
CVE-2019-6974 (severity: HIGH, weakness: CWE-362)
In the Linux kernel before 4.20.8, kvm_ioctl_create_device in virt/kvm/kvm_main.c mishandles reference counting because of a race condition, leading to a use-after-free.
CVE-2019-6975 (severity: HIGH, weakness: CWE-770)
Django 1.11.x before 1.11.19, 2.0.x before 2.0.11, and 2.1.x before 2.1.6 allows Uncontrolled Memory Consumption via a malicious attacker-supplied value to the django.utils.numberformat.format() function.
CVE-2019-6976 (severity: MEDIUM, weakness: CWE-908)
libvips before 8.7.4 generates output images from uninitialized memory locations when processing corrupted input image data because iofuncs/memory.c does not zero out allocated memory. This can result in leaking raw process memory contents through the output image.
CVE-2019-6977 (severity: HIGH, weakness: CWE-787)
gdImageColorMatch in gd_color_match.c in the GD Graphics Library (aka LibGD) 2.2.5, as used in the imagecolormatch function in PHP before 5.6.40, 7.x before 7.1.26, 7.2.x before 7.2.14, and 7.3.x before 7.3.1, has a heap-based buffer overflow. This can be exploited by an attacker who is able to trigger imagecolormatch calls with crafted image data.
CVE-2019-6978 (severity: CRITICAL, weakness: CWE-415)
The GD Graphics Library (aka LibGD) 2.2.5 has a double free in the gdImage*Ptr() functions in gd_gif_out.c, gd_jpeg.c, and gd_wbmp.c. NOTE: PHP is unaffected.