stasvinokur/cve-and-cwe-dataset-1999-2025 huggingface dataset:
CVE-2018-16883 (severity: MEDIUM, weakness: CWE-200)
sssd versions from 1.13.0 to before 2.0.0 did not properly restrict access to the infopipe according to the "allowed_uids" configuration parameter. If sensitive information were stored in the user directory, this could be inadvertently disclosed to local attackers.
CVE-2018-16884 (severity: MEDIUM, weakness: CWE-416)
A flaw was found in the Linux kernel's NFS41+ subsystem. NFS41+ shares mounted in different network namespaces at the same time can make bc_svc_process() use wrong back-channel IDs and cause a use-after-free vulnerability. Thus a malicious container user can cause a host kernel memory corruption and a system panic. Due to the nature of the flaw, privilege escalation cannot be fully ruled out.
CVE-2018-16885 (severity: MEDIUM, weakness: CWE-125)
A flaw was found in the Linux kernel that allows the userspace to call memcpy_fromiovecend() and similar functions with a zero offset and buffer length which causes the read beyond the buffer boundaries, in certain cases causing a memory access fault and a system halt by accessing invalid memory address. This issue only affects kernel version 3.10.x as shipped with Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7.
CVE-2018-16886 (severity: MEDIUM, weakness: CWE-287)
etcd versions 3.2.x before 3.2.26 and 3.3.x before 3.3.11 are vulnerable to an improper authentication issue when role-based access control (RBAC) is used and client-cert-auth is enabled. If an etcd client server TLS certificate contains a Common Name (CN) which matches a valid RBAC username, a remote attacker may authenticate as that user with any valid (trusted) client certificate in a REST API request to the gRPC-gateway.
CVE-2018-16887 (severity: MEDIUM, weakness: CWE-79)
A cross-site scripting (XSS) flaw was found in the katello component of Satellite. An attacker with privilege to create/edit organizations and locations is able to execute a XSS attacks against other users through the Subscriptions or the Red Hat Repositories wizards. This can possibly lead to malicious code execution and extraction of the anti-CSRF token of higher privileged users. Versions before 3.9.0 are vulnerable.
CVE-2018-16888 (severity: MEDIUM, weakness: CWE-250)
It was discovered systemd does not correctly check the content of PIDFile files before using it to kill processes. When a service is run from an unprivileged user (e.g. User field set in the service file), a local attacker who is able to write to the PIDFile of the mentioned service may use this flaw to trick systemd into killing other services and/or privileged processes. Versions before v237 are vulnerable.
CVE-2018-16889 (severity: HIGH, weakness: CWE-532)
Ceph does not properly sanitize encryption keys in debug logging for v4 auth. This results in the leaking of encryption key information in log files via plaintext. Versions up to v13.2.4 are vulnerable.
CVE-2018-16890 (severity: MEDIUM, weakness: CWE-125)
libcurl versions from 7.36.0 to before 7.64.0 is vulnerable to a heap buffer out-of-bounds read. The function handling incoming NTLM type-2 messages (`lib/vauth/ntlm.c:ntlm_decode_type2_target`) does not validate incoming data correctly and is subject to an integer overflow vulnerability. Using that overflow, a malicious or broken NTLM server could trick libcurl to accept a bad length + offset combination that would lead to a buffer read out-of-bounds.
CVE-2018-1690 (severity: MEDIUM, weakness: CWE-79)
IBM Rhapsody Model Manager 6.0.6 is vulnerable to cross-site scripting. This vulnerability allows users to embed arbitrary JavaScript code in the Web UI thus altering the intended functionality potentially leading to credentials disclosure within a trusted session. IBM X-Force ID: 145510.
CVE-2018-1691 (severity: MEDIUM, weakness: CWE-79)
IBM Rational Quality Manager (RQM) 5.0 through 5.02 and 6.0 through 6.0.6 are vulnerable to cross-site scripting. This vulnerability allows users to embed arbitrary JavaScript code in the Web UI thus altering the intended functionality potentially leading to credentials disclosure within a trusted session. IBM X-Force ID: 145582.
CVE-2018-1692 (severity: MEDIUM, weakness: CWE-79)
IBM Rational Quality Manager (RQM) 5.0 through 5.02 and 6.0 through 6.0.6 are vulnerable to cross-site scripting. This vulnerability allows users to embed arbitrary JavaScript code in the Web UI thus altering the intended functionality potentially leading to credentials disclosure within a trusted session. IBM X-Force ID: 145583.
CVE-2018-1694 (severity: MEDIUM, weakness: NVD-CWE-Other)
IBM Jazz applications (IBM Rational Collaborative Lifecycle Management 5.0 through 5.02 and 6.0 through 6.0.6, IBM Rational DOORS Next Generation 5.0 through 5.02 and 6.0 through 6.0.6, IBM Rational Engineering Lifecycle Manager 5.0 through 5.02 and 6.0 through 6.0.6, IBM Rational Quality Manager 5.0 through 5.02 and 6.0 through 6.0.6, IBM Rational Rhapsody Design Manager 5.0 through 5.02 and 6.0 through 6.0.6, IBM Rational Software Architect Design Manager 5.0 through 5.02 and 6.0 through 6.0.1, IBM Rational Team Concert 5.0 through 5.02 and 6.0 through 6.0.6) could allow a remote attacker to obtain sensitive information, caused by the failure to properly enable HTTP Strict Transport Security. An attacker could exploit this vulnerability to obtain sensitive information using man in the middle techniques. IBM X-Force ID: 145609.
CVE-2018-16946 (severity: HIGH, weakness: CWE-552)
LG LNB*, LND*, LNU*, and LNV* smart network camera devices have broken access control. Attackers are able to download /updownload/t.report (aka Log & Report) files and download backup files (via download.php) without authenticating. These backup files contain user credentials and configuration information for the camera device. An attacker is able to discover the backup filename via reading the system logs or report data, or just by brute-forcing the backup filename pattern. It may be possible to authenticate to the admin account with the admin password.
CVE-2018-16947 (severity: CRITICAL, weakness: CWE-287)
An issue was discovered in OpenAFS before 1.6.23 and 1.8.x before 1.8.2. The backup tape controller (butc) process accepts incoming RPCs but does not require (or allow for) authentication of those RPCs. Handling those RPCs results in operations being performed with administrator credentials, including dumping/restoring volume contents and manipulating the backup database. For example, an unauthenticated attacker can replace any volume's content with arbitrary data.
CVE-2018-16948 (severity: HIGH, weakness: CWE-200)
An issue was discovered in OpenAFS before 1.6.23 and 1.8.x before 1.8.2. Several RPC server routines did not fully initialize their output variables before returning, leaking memory contents from both the stack and the heap. Because the OpenAFS cache manager functions as an Rx server for the AFSCB service, clients are also susceptible to information leakage. For example, RXAFSCB_TellMeAboutYourself leaks kernel memory and KAM_ListEntry leaks kaserver memory.
CVE-2018-16949 (severity: HIGH, weakness: CWE-400)
An issue was discovered in OpenAFS before 1.6.23 and 1.8.x before 1.8.2. Several data types used as RPC input variables were implemented as unbounded array types, limited only by the inherent 32-bit length field to 4 GB. An unauthenticated attacker could send, or claim to send, large input values and consume server resources waiting for those inputs, denying service to other valid connections.
CVE-2018-1695 (severity: MEDIUM, weakness: CWE-290)
IBM WebSphere Application Server 7.0, 8.0, and 8.5.5 installations using Form Login could allow a remote attacker to conduct spoofing attacks. IBM X-Force ID: 145769.
CVE-2018-16950 (severity: MEDIUM, weakness: NVD-CWE-Other)
Inteno DG400 WU7U_ELION3.11.6-170614_1328 devices allow remote attackers to cause a denial of service (connectivity loss) via a series of packets with random MAC addresses, as demonstrated by macof.
CVE-2018-16951 (severity: HIGH, weakness: CWE-352)
xunfeng 0.2.0 allows command execution via CSRF because masscan.py mishandles backquote characters, a related issue to CVE-2018-16832.
CVE-2018-16952 (severity: HIGH, weakness: CWE-352)
The Oracle WebCenter Interaction Portal 10.3.3 does not implement protection against Cross-site Request Forgery in its design. The impact is sensitive actions in the portal (such as changing a portal user's password). NOTE: this CVE is assigned by MITRE and isn't validated by Oracle because Oracle WebCenter Interaction Portal is out of support.
CVE-2018-16953 (severity: MEDIUM, weakness: CWE-79)
The AjaxView::DisplayResponse() function of the portalpages.dll assembly in Oracle WebCenter Interaction Portal 10.3.3 is vulnerable to reflected cross-site scripting (XSS). User input from the name parameter is unsafely reflected in the server response. NOTE: this CVE is assigned by MITRE and isn't validated by Oracle because Oracle WebCenter Interaction Portal is out of support.
CVE-2018-16954 (severity: MEDIUM, weakness: CWE-601)
An issue was discovered in Oracle WebCenter Interaction Portal 10.3.3. The login function of the portal is vulnerable to insecure redirection (also called an open redirect). The in_hi_redirect parameter is not validated by the application after a successful login. NOTE: this CVE is assigned by MITRE and isn't validated by Oracle because Oracle WebCenter Interaction Portal is out of support.
CVE-2018-16955 (severity: MEDIUM, weakness: CWE-79)
The login function of Oracle WebCenter Interaction Portal 10.3.3 is vulnerable to reflected cross-site scripting (XSS). The content of the in_hi_redirect parameter, when prefixed with the https:// scheme, is unsafely reflected in a HTML META tag in the HTTP response. NOTE: this CVE is assigned by MITRE and isn't validated by Oracle because Oracle WebCenter Interaction Portal is out of support.
CVE-2018-16956 (severity: MEDIUM, weakness: CWE-20)
The AjaxControl component of Oracle WebCenter Interaction Portal 10.3.3 does not validate the names of pages when processing page rename requests. Pages can be renamed to include characters unsupported for URIs by the web server hosting the WCI Portal software (such as IIS). Renaming pages to include unsupported characters, such as 0x7f, prevents these pages from being accessed over the web server, causing a Denial of Service (DoS) to the page. NOTE: this CVE is assigned by MITRE and isn't validated by Oracle because Oracle WebCenter Interaction Portal is out of support.
CVE-2018-16957 (severity: CRITICAL, weakness: CWE-798)
The Oracle WebCenter Interaction 10.3.3 search service queryd.exe binary is compiled with the i1g2s3c4 hardcoded password. Authentication to the Oracle WCI search service uses this hardcoded password and cannot be customised by customers. An adversary able to access this service over a network could perform search queries to extract large quantities of sensitive information from the WCI installation. NOTE: this CVE is assigned by MITRE and isn't validated by Oracle because Oracle WebCenter Interaction Portal is out of support.
CVE-2018-16958 (severity: MEDIUM, weakness: CWE-732)
An issue was discovered in Oracle WebCenter Interaction Portal 10.3.3. The ASP.NET_SessionID primary session cookie, when Internet Information Services (IIS) with ASP.NET is used, is not protected with the HttpOnly attribute. The attribute cannot be enabled by customers. Consequently, this cookie is exposed to session hijacking attacks should an adversary be able to execute JavaScript in the origin of the portal installation. NOTE: this CVE is assigned by MITRE and isn't validated by Oracle because Oracle WebCenter Interaction Portal is out of support.
CVE-2018-16959 (severity: MEDIUM, weakness: CWE-200)
An issue was discovered in Oracle WebCenter Interaction Portal 10.3.3. The portal component is delivered with an insecure default User Profile community configuration that allows anonymous users to retrieve the account names of all portal users via /portal/server.pt/user/user/ requests. When WCI is synchronised with Active Directory (AD), this vulnerability can expose the account names of all AD users. NOTE: this CVE is assigned by MITRE and isn't validated by Oracle because Oracle WebCenter Interaction Portal is out of support.
CVE-2018-16960 (severity: MEDIUM, weakness: CWE-79)
An issue was discovered in Open XDMoD through 7.5.0. html/gui/general/login.php has Reflected XSS via the xd_user_formal_name parameter.
CVE-2018-16961 (severity: HIGH, weakness: CWE-22)
An issue was discovered in Open XDMoD through 7.5.0. html/gui/general/dl_publication.php allows Path traversal via the file parameter, allowing remote attackers to read PDF files in arbitrary directories.
CVE-2018-16962 (severity: HIGH, weakness: CWE-123)
Webroot SecureAnywhere before 9.0.8.34 on macOS mishandles access to the driver by a process that lacks root privileges.
CVE-2018-16965 (severity: MEDIUM, weakness: CWE-79)
In Zoho ManageEngine SupportCenter Plus before 8.1 Build 8109, there is HTML Injection and Stored XSS via the /ServiceContractDef.do contractName parameter.
CVE-2018-16966 (severity: HIGH, weakness: CWE-352)
There is a CSRF vulnerability in the mndpsingh287 File Manager plugin 3.0 for WordPress via the page=wp_file_manager_root public_path parameter.
CVE-2018-16967 (severity: MEDIUM, weakness: CWE-79)
There is an XSS vulnerability in the mndpsingh287 File Manager plugin 3.0 for WordPress via the page=wp_file_manager_root public_path parameter.
CVE-2018-16968 (severity: LOW, weakness: CWE-22)
Citrix ShareFile StorageZones Controller before 5.4.2 allows Directory Traversal.
CVE-2018-16969 (severity: MEDIUM, weakness: CWE-200)
Citrix ShareFile StorageZones Controller before 5.4.2 has Information Exposure Through an Error Message.
CVE-2018-1697 (severity: MEDIUM, weakness: CWE-200)
IBM Maximo Asset Management 7.6 could allow an authenticated user to enumerate usernames using a specially crafted HTTP request. IBM X-Force ID: 145966.
CVE-2018-16970 (severity: MEDIUM, weakness: CWE-538)
Wisetail Learning Ecosystem (LE) through v4.11.6 allows insecure direct object reference (IDOR) attacks to download non-purchased course files via a modified id parameter.
CVE-2018-16971 (severity: MEDIUM, weakness: CWE-639)
Wisetail Learning Ecosystem (LE) through v4.11.6 allows insecure direct object reference (IDOR) attacks to access non-purchased course contents (quiz / test) via a modified id parameter.
CVE-2018-16974 (severity: CRITICAL, weakness: CWE-434)
An issue was discovered in Elefant CMS before 2.0.7. There is a PHP Code Execution Vulnerability in apps/filemanager/upload/drop.php by using /filemanager/api/rm/.htaccess to remove the .htaccess file, and then using a filename that ends in .php followed by space characters (for bypassing the blacklist).
CVE-2018-16975 (severity: CRITICAL, weakness: CWE-94)
An issue was discovered in Elefant CMS before 2.0.7. There is a PHP Code Execution Vulnerability in /designer/add/stylesheet.php by using a .php extension in the New Stylesheet Name field in conjunction with <?php content, because of insufficient input validation in apps/designer/handlers/csspreview.php.
CVE-2018-16976 (severity: HIGH, weakness: CWE-362)
Gitolite before 3.6.9 does not (in certain configurations involving @all or a regex) properly restrict access to a Git repository that is in the process of being migrated until the full set of migration steps has been completed. This can allow valid users to obtain unintended access.
CVE-2018-16977 (severity: MEDIUM, weakness: CWE-200)
Monstra CMS V3.0.4 has an information leakage risk (e.g., PATH, DOCUMENT_ROOT, and SERVER_ADMIN) in libraries/Gelato/ErrorHandler/Resources/Views/Errors/exception.php.
CVE-2018-16978 (severity: MEDIUM, weakness: CWE-79)
Monstra CMS V3.0.4 has XSS when ones tries to register an account with a crafted password parameter to users/registration, a different vulnerability than CVE-2018-11473.
CVE-2018-16979 (severity: MEDIUM, weakness: CWE-113)
Monstra CMS V3.0.4 allows HTTP header injection in the plugins/captcha/crypt/cryptographp.php cfg parameter, a related issue to CVE-2012-2943.
CVE-2018-1698 (severity: MEDIUM, weakness: CWE-200)
IBM Maximo Asset Management 7.6 through 7.6.3 could allow an unauthenticated attacker to obtain sensitive information from error messages. IBM X-Force ID: 145967.
CVE-2018-16980 (severity: MEDIUM, weakness: CWE-79)
dotCMS V5.0.1 has XSS in the /html/portlet/ext/contentlet/image_tools/index.jsp fieldName and inode parameters.
CVE-2018-16981 (severity: HIGH, weakness: CWE-787)
stb stb_image.h 2.19, as used in catimg, Emscripten, and other products, has a heap-based buffer overflow in the stbi__out_gif_code function.
CVE-2018-16982 (severity: MEDIUM, weakness: CWE-125)
Open Chinese Convert (OpenCC) 1.0.5 allows attackers to cause a denial of service (segmentation fault) because BinaryDict::NewFromFile in BinaryDict.cpp may have out-of-bounds keyOffset and valueOffset values via a crafted .ocd file.
CVE-2018-16983 (severity: CRITICAL, weakness: NVD-CWE-Other)
NoScript Classic before 5.1.8.7, as used in Tor Browser 7.x and other products, allows attackers to bypass script blocking via the text/html;/json Content-Type value.
CVE-2018-16984 (severity: MEDIUM, weakness: CWE-522)
An issue was discovered in Django 2.1 before 2.1.2, in which unprivileged users can read the password hashes of arbitrary accounts. The read-only password widget used by the Django Admin to display an obfuscated password hash was bypassed if a user has only the "view" permission (new in Django 2.1), resulting in display of the entire password hash to those users. This may result in a vulnerability for sites with legacy user accounts using insecure hashes.
CVE-2018-16985 (severity: HIGH, weakness: CWE-125)
In Lizard (formerly LZ5) 2.0, use of an invalid memory address was discovered in LZ5_compress_continue in lz5_compress.c, related to LZ5_compress_fastSmall and MEM_read32. The vulnerability causes a segmentation fault and application crash, which leads to denial of service.
CVE-2018-16986 (severity: HIGH, weakness: CWE-787)
Texas Instruments BLE-STACK v2.2.1 for SimpleLink CC2640 and CC2650 devices allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code via a malformed packet that triggers a buffer overflow.
CVE-2018-16987 (severity: HIGH, weakness: CWE-522)
Squash TM through 1.18.0 presents the cleartext passwords of external services in the administration panel, as demonstrated by a ta-server-password field in the HTML source code.
CVE-2018-16988 (severity: CRITICAL, weakness: CWE-640)
An issue was discovered in Open XDMoD through 7.5.0. An authentication bypass (account takeover) exists due to a weak password reset mechanism. A brute-force attack against an MD5 rid value requires only 600 guesses in the plausible situation where the attacker knows that the victim has started a password-reset process (pass_reset.php, password_reset.php, XDUser.php) in the past few minutes.
CVE-2018-1699 (severity: HIGH, weakness: CWE-89)
IBM Maximo Asset Management 7.6 through 7.6.3 is vulnerable to SQL injection. A remote attacker could send specially-crafted SQL statements, which could allow the attacker to view, add, modify or delete information in the back-end database. IBM X-Force ID: 145968.
CVE-2018-16994 (severity: HIGH, weakness: NVD-CWE-Other)
An issue was discovered on PHOENIX CONTACT AXL F BK PN <=1.0.4, AXL F BK ETH <= 1.12, and AXL F BK ETH XC <= 1.11 devices and Bosch Rexroth S20-ETH-BK and Rexroth S20-PN-BK+ (the S20-PN-BK+/S20-ETH-BK fieldbus couplers sold by Bosch Rexroth contain technology from Phoenix Contact). Incorrect handling of a request with non-standard symbols allows remote attackers to initiate a complete lock up of the bus coupler. Authentication of the request is not required.
CVE-2018-16999 (severity: MEDIUM, weakness: CWE-787)
Netwide Assembler (NASM) 2.14rc15 has an invalid memory write (segmentation fault) in expand_smacro in preproc.c, which allows attackers to cause a denial of service via a crafted input file.
CVE-2018-17000 (severity: MEDIUM, weakness: CWE-476)
A NULL pointer dereference in the function _TIFFmemcmp at tif_unix.c (called from TIFFWriteDirectoryTagTransferfunction) in LibTIFF 4.0.9 allows an attacker to cause a denial-of-service through a crafted tiff file. This vulnerability can be triggered by the executable tiffcp.
CVE-2018-17001 (severity: MEDIUM, weakness: CWE-79)
On the RICOH SP 4510SF printer, HTML Injection and Stored XSS vulnerabilities have been discovered in the area of adding addresses via the entryNameIn parameter to /web/entry/en/address/adrsSetUserWizard.cgi.
CVE-2018-17002 (severity: MEDIUM, weakness: CWE-79)
On the RICOH MP 2001 printer, HTML Injection and Stored XSS vulnerabilities have been discovered in the area of adding addresses via the entryNameIn parameter to /web/entry/en/address/adrsSetUserWizard.cgi.
CVE-2018-17003 (severity: MEDIUM, weakness: CWE-79)
In LimeSurvey 3.14.7, HTML Injection and Stored XSS have been discovered in the appendix via the surveyls_title parameter to /index.php?r=admin/survey/sa/insert.
CVE-2018-17004 (severity: MEDIUM, weakness: NVD-CWE-Other)
An issue was discovered on TP-Link TL-WR886N 6.0 2.3.4 and TL-WR886N 7.0 1.1.0 devices. Authenticated attackers can crash router services (e.g., inetd, HTTP, DNS, and UPnP) via long JSON data for wlan_access name.
CVE-2018-17005 (severity: MEDIUM, weakness: NVD-CWE-Other)
An issue was discovered on TP-Link TL-WR886N 6.0 2.3.4 and TL-WR886N 7.0 1.1.0 devices. Authenticated attackers can crash router services (e.g., inetd, HTTP, DNS, and UPnP) via long JSON data for firewall dmz enable.
CVE-2018-17006 (severity: MEDIUM, weakness: NVD-CWE-Other)
An issue was discovered on TP-Link TL-WR886N 6.0 2.3.4 and TL-WR886N 7.0 1.1.0 devices. Authenticated attackers can crash router services (e.g., inetd, HTTP, DNS, and UPnP) via long JSON data for firewall lan_manage mac2.
CVE-2018-17007 (severity: MEDIUM, weakness: NVD-CWE-Other)
An issue was discovered on TP-Link TL-WR886N 6.0 2.3.4 and TL-WR886N 7.0 1.1.0 devices. Authenticated attackers can crash router services (e.g., inetd, HTTP, DNS, and UPnP) via long JSON data for wireless wlan_wds_2g ssid.
CVE-2018-17008 (severity: MEDIUM, weakness: NVD-CWE-Other)
An issue was discovered on TP-Link TL-WR886N 6.0 2.3.4 and TL-WR886N 7.0 1.1.0 devices. Authenticated attackers can crash router services (e.g., inetd, HTTP, DNS, and UPnP) via long JSON data for wireless wlan_host_2g power.
CVE-2018-17009 (severity: MEDIUM, weakness: NVD-CWE-Other)
An issue was discovered on TP-Link TL-WR886N 6.0 2.3.4 and TL-WR886N 7.0 1.1.0 devices. Authenticated attackers can crash router services (e.g., inetd, HTTP, DNS, and UPnP) via long JSON data for wireless wlan_host_2g isolate.
CVE-2018-1701 (severity: HIGH, weakness: NVD-CWE-Other)
IBM InfoSphere Information Server 11.7 could allow an authenciated user under specialized conditions to inject commands into the installation process that would execute on the WebSphere Application Server. IBM X-Force ID: 145970.
CVE-2018-17010 (severity: MEDIUM, weakness: NVD-CWE-Other)
An issue was discovered on TP-Link TL-WR886N 6.0 2.3.4 and TL-WR886N 7.0 1.1.0 devices. Authenticated attackers can crash router services (e.g., inetd, HTTP, DNS, and UPnP) via long JSON data for wireless wlan_host_2g bandwidth.
CVE-2018-17011 (severity: MEDIUM, weakness: NVD-CWE-Other)
An issue was discovered on TP-Link TL-WR886N 6.0 2.3.4 and TL-WR886N 7.0 1.1.0 devices. Authenticated attackers can crash router services (e.g., inetd, HTTP, DNS, and UPnP) via long JSON data for hosts_info para sun.
CVE-2018-17012 (severity: MEDIUM, weakness: NVD-CWE-Other)
An issue was discovered on TP-Link TL-WR886N 6.0 2.3.4 and TL-WR886N 7.0 1.1.0 devices. Authenticated attackers can crash router services (e.g., inetd, HTTP, DNS, and UPnP) via long JSON data for hosts_info set_block_flag up_limit.
CVE-2018-17013 (severity: MEDIUM, weakness: NVD-CWE-Other)
An issue was discovered on TP-Link TL-WR886N 6.0 2.3.4 and TL-WR886N 7.0 1.1.0 devices. Authenticated attackers can crash router services (e.g., inetd, HTTP, DNS, and UPnP) via long JSON data for protocol wan wan_rate.