stasvinokur/cve-and-cwe-dataset-1999-2025 huggingface dataset:
CVE-2011-0191 (severity: HIGH, weakness: CWE-119)
Buffer overflow in LibTIFF 3.9.4 and possibly other versions, as used in ImageIO in Apple iTunes before 10.2 on Windows and other products, allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code or cause a denial of service (application crash) via a crafted TIFF image with JPEG encoding.
CVE-2011-0192 (severity: HIGH, weakness: CWE-119)
Buffer overflow in Fax4Decode in LibTIFF 3.9.4 and possibly other versions, as used in ImageIO in Apple iTunes before 10.2 on Windows and other products, allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code or cause a denial of service (application crash) via a crafted TIFF Internet Fax image file that has been compressed using CCITT Group 4 encoding, related to the EXPAND2D macro in libtiff/tif_fax3.h. NOTE: some of these details are obtained from third party information.
CVE-2011-0193 (severity: MEDIUM, weakness: CWE-119)
Multiple buffer overflows in Image RAW in Apple Mac OS X before 10.6.7 allow remote attackers to execute arbitrary code or cause a denial of service (application crash) via a crafted Canon RAW image.
CVE-2011-0194 (severity: MEDIUM, weakness: CWE-189)
Integer overflow in ImageIO in Apple Mac OS X 10.6 before 10.6.7 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code or cause a denial of service (application crash) via a crafted TIFF image with JPEG encoding.
CVE-2011-0195 (severity: MEDIUM, weakness: CWE-200)
The generate-id XPath function in libxslt in Apple iOS 4.3.x before 4.3.2 allows remote attackers to obtain potentially sensitive information about heap memory addresses via a crafted web site. NOTE: this may overlap CVE-2011-1202.
CVE-2011-0196 (severity: HIGH, weakness: CWE-399)
AirPort in Apple Mac OS X 10.5.8 allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (out-of-bounds read and reboot) via Wi-Fi frames on the local wireless network.
CVE-2011-0197 (severity: LOW, weakness: CWE-200)
App Store in Apple Mac OS X before 10.6.8 creates a log entry containing a user's AppleID password, which might allow local users to obtain sensitive information by reading a log file, as demonstrated by a log file that has non-default permissions.
CVE-2011-0198 (severity: MEDIUM, weakness: CWE-119)
Heap-based buffer overflow in Apple Type Services (ATS) in Apple Mac OS X before 10.6.8 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code via a crafted embedded TrueType font.
CVE-2011-0199 (severity: MEDIUM, weakness: CWE-295)
The Certificate Trust Policy component in Apple Mac OS X before 10.6.8 does not perform CRL checking for Extended Validation (EV) certificates that lack OCSP URLs, which might allow man-in-the-middle attackers to spoof an SSL server via a revoked certificate.
CVE-2011-0200 (severity: MEDIUM, weakness: CWE-189)
Integer overflow in ColorSync in Apple Mac OS X before 10.6.8 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code or cause a denial of service (application crash) via an image containing a crafted embedded ColorSync profile that triggers a heap-based buffer overflow.
CVE-2011-0201 (severity: HIGH, weakness: CWE-189)
Off-by-one error in the CoreFoundation framework in Apple Mac OS X before 10.6.8 allows context-dependent attackers to execute arbitrary code or cause a denial of service (application crash) via a CFString object that triggers a buffer overflow.
CVE-2011-0202 (severity: MEDIUM, weakness: CWE-189)
Integer overflow in CoreGraphics in Apple Mac OS X before 10.6.8 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code or cause a denial of service (application crash) via a crafted embedded Type 1 font in a PDF document.
CVE-2011-0203 (severity: MEDIUM, weakness: CWE-22)
Absolute path traversal vulnerability in xftpd in the FTP Server component in Apple Mac OS X before 10.6.8 allows remote attackers to list arbitrary directories by using the root directory as the starting point of a recursive listing.
CVE-2011-0204 (severity: MEDIUM, weakness: CWE-119)
Heap-based buffer overflow in ImageIO in Apple Mac OS X before 10.6.8 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code or cause a denial of service (application crash) via a crafted TIFF image.
CVE-2011-0205 (severity: MEDIUM, weakness: CWE-119)
Heap-based buffer overflow in ImageIO in Apple Mac OS X before 10.6.8 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code or cause a denial of service (application crash) via a crafted JPEG2000 image.
CVE-2011-0206 (severity: HIGH, weakness: CWE-119)
Buffer overflow in International Components for Unicode (ICU) in Apple Mac OS X before 10.6.8 allows context-dependent attackers to execute arbitrary code or cause a denial of service (application crash) via vectors involving uppercase strings.
CVE-2011-0207 (severity: MEDIUM, weakness: CWE-310)
The MobileMe component in Apple Mac OS X before 10.6.8 uses a cleartext HTTP session for the Mail application to read e-mail aliases, which allows remote attackers to obtain potentially sensitive alias information by sniffing the network.
CVE-2011-0208 (severity: MEDIUM, weakness: CWE-119)
QuickLook in Apple Mac OS X 10.6 before 10.6.8 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code or cause a denial of service (memory corruption and application crash) via a crafted Microsoft Office document.
CVE-2011-0209 (severity: MEDIUM, weakness: CWE-190)
Integer overflow in QuickTime in Apple Mac OS X before 10.6.8 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code or cause a denial of service (application crash) via a crafted RIFF WAV file.
CVE-2011-0210 (severity: MEDIUM, weakness: CWE-787)
QuickTime in Apple Mac OS X before 10.6.8 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code or cause a denial of service (memory corruption and application crash) via crafted sample tables in a movie file.
CVE-2011-0211 (severity: MEDIUM, weakness: CWE-190)
Integer overflow in QuickTime in Apple Mac OS X before 10.6.8 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code or cause a denial of service (application crash) via a crafted movie file.
CVE-2011-0212 (severity: MEDIUM, weakness: CWE-399)
servermgrd in Apple Mac OS X before 10.6.8 allows remote attackers to read arbitrary files, and possibly send HTTP requests to intranet servers or cause a denial of service (CPU and memory consumption), via an XML-RPC request containing an entity declaration in conjunction with an entity reference, related to an XML External Entity (aka XXE) issue.
CVE-2011-0213 (severity: MEDIUM, weakness: CWE-120)
Buffer overflow in QuickTime in Apple Mac OS X before 10.6.8 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code or cause a denial of service (application crash) via a crafted JPEG file.
CVE-2011-0214 (severity: MEDIUM, weakness: CWE-310)
CFNetwork in Apple Safari before 5.0.6 on Windows does not properly handle an untrusted attribute of a system root certificate, which allows remote web servers to bypass intended SSL restrictions via a certificate signed by a blacklisted certification authority.
CVE-2011-0215 (severity: HIGH, weakness: CWE-20)
ImageIO in Apple Safari before 5.0.6 on Windows does not properly address re-entrancy issues, which allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code or cause a denial of service (application crash) via a crafted TIFF file.
CVE-2011-0216 (severity: HIGH, weakness: CWE-189)
Off-by-one error in libxml in Apple Safari before 5.0.6 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code or cause a denial of service (heap-based buffer overflow and application crash) via a crafted web site.
CVE-2011-0217 (severity: MEDIUM, weakness: CWE-200)
Apple Safari before 5.0.6 provides AutoFill information to scripts that execute before HTML form submission, which allows remote attackers to obtain Address Book information via a crafted form, as demonstrated by a form that includes non-visible fields.
CVE-2011-0218 (severity: HIGH, weakness: CWE-119)
WebKit, as used in Apple Safari before 5.0.6, allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code or cause a denial of service (memory corruption and application crash) via a crafted web site, a different vulnerability than other WebKit CVEs listed in APPLE-SA-2011-07-20-1.
CVE-2011-0219 (severity: MEDIUM, weakness: CWE-264)
Apple Safari before 5.0.6 allows remote attackers to bypass the Same Origin Policy, and modify the rendering of text from arbitrary web sites, via a Java applet that loads fonts.
CVE-2011-0220 (severity: MEDIUM, weakness: CWE-20)
Apple Bonjour before 2011 allows a crash via a crafted multicast DNS packet.
CVE-2011-0221 (severity: HIGH, weakness: CWE-119)
WebKit, as used in Apple Safari before 5.0.6, allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code or cause a denial of service (memory corruption and application crash) via a crafted web site, a different vulnerability than other WebKit CVEs listed in APPLE-SA-2011-07-20-1.
CVE-2011-0222 (severity: HIGH, weakness: CWE-119)
WebKit, as used in Apple Safari before 5.0.6, allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code or cause a denial of service (memory corruption and application crash) via a crafted web site, a different vulnerability than other WebKit CVEs listed in APPLE-SA-2011-07-20-1.
CVE-2011-0223 (severity: HIGH, weakness: CWE-119)
WebKit, as used in Apple Safari before 5.0.6, allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code or cause a denial of service (memory corruption and application crash) via a crafted web site, a different vulnerability than other WebKit CVEs listed in APPLE-SA-2011-07-20-1.
CVE-2011-0224 (severity: MEDIUM, weakness: CWE-94)
CoreMedia in Apple Mac OS X through 10.6.8 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code or cause a denial of service (memory corruption) via a crafted QuickTime movie file.
CVE-2011-0225 (severity: HIGH, weakness: CWE-119)
WebKit, as used in Apple Safari before 5.0.6, allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code or cause a denial of service (memory corruption and application crash) via a crafted web site, a different vulnerability than other WebKit CVEs listed in APPLE-SA-2011-07-20-1.
CVE-2011-0226 (severity: HIGH, weakness: CWE-189)
Integer signedness error in psaux/t1decode.c in FreeType before 2.4.6, as used in CoreGraphics in Apple iOS before 4.2.9 and 4.3.x before 4.3.4 and other products, allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code or cause a denial of service (memory corruption and application crash) via a crafted Type 1 font in a PDF document, as exploited in the wild in July 2011.
CVE-2011-0227 (severity: HIGH, weakness: CWE-264)
The queueing primitives in IOMobileFrameBuffer in Apple iOS before 4.2.9 and 4.3.x before 4.3.4 do not properly perform type conversion, which allows local users to gain privileges via a crafted application.
CVE-2011-0228 (severity: HIGH, weakness: CWE-20)
The Data Security component in Apple iOS before 4.2.10 and 4.3.x before 4.3.5 does not check the basicConstraints parameter during validation of X.509 certificate chains, which allows man-in-the-middle attackers to spoof an SSL server by using a non-CA certificate to sign a certificate for an arbitrary domain.
CVE-2011-0229 (severity: MEDIUM, weakness: CWE-119)
Apple Type Services (ATS) in Apple Mac OS X through 10.6.8 does not properly handle embedded Type 1 fonts, which allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code via a crafted document that triggers an out-of-bounds memory access.
CVE-2011-0230 (severity: HIGH, weakness: CWE-119)
Buffer overflow in the ATSFontDeactivate API in Apple Type Services (ATS) in Apple Mac OS X before 10.7.2 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code or cause a denial of service (application crash) via unspecified vectors.
CVE-2011-0231 (severity: MEDIUM, weakness: CWE-200)
CFNetwork in Apple Mac OS X before 10.7.2 does not properly follow an intended cookie-storage policy, which makes it easier for remote web servers to track users via a cookie, related to a "synchronization issue."
CVE-2011-0232 (severity: HIGH, weakness: CWE-119)
WebKit, as used in Apple Safari before 5.0.6, allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code or cause a denial of service (memory corruption and application crash) via a crafted web site, a different vulnerability than other WebKit CVEs listed in APPLE-SA-2011-07-20-1.
CVE-2011-0233 (severity: HIGH, weakness: CWE-119)
WebKit, as used in Apple Safari before 5.0.6, allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code or cause a denial of service (memory corruption and application crash) via a crafted web site, a different vulnerability than other WebKit CVEs listed in APPLE-SA-2011-07-20-1.
CVE-2011-0234 (severity: HIGH, weakness: CWE-119)
WebKit, as used in Apple Safari before 5.0.6, allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code or cause a denial of service (memory corruption and application crash) via a crafted web site, a different vulnerability than other WebKit CVEs listed in APPLE-SA-2011-07-20-1.
CVE-2011-0235 (severity: HIGH, weakness: CWE-119)
WebKit, as used in Apple Safari before 5.0.6, allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code or cause a denial of service (memory corruption and application crash) via a crafted web site, a different vulnerability than other WebKit CVEs listed in APPLE-SA-2011-07-20-1.
CVE-2011-0237 (severity: HIGH, weakness: CWE-119)
WebKit, as used in Apple Safari before 5.0.6, allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code or cause a denial of service (memory corruption and application crash) via a crafted web site, a different vulnerability than other WebKit CVEs listed in APPLE-SA-2011-07-20-1.
CVE-2011-0238 (severity: HIGH, weakness: CWE-119)
WebKit, as used in Apple Safari before 5.0.6, allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code or cause a denial of service (memory corruption and application crash) via a crafted web site, a different vulnerability than other WebKit CVEs listed in APPLE-SA-2011-07-20-1.
CVE-2011-0240 (severity: HIGH, weakness: CWE-119)
WebKit, as used in Apple Safari before 5.0.6, allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code or cause a denial of service (memory corruption and application crash) via a crafted web site, a different vulnerability than other WebKit CVEs listed in APPLE-SA-2011-07-20-1.
CVE-2011-0241 (severity: HIGH, weakness: CWE-119)
Heap-based buffer overflow in ImageIO in Apple Safari before 5.0.6 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code or cause a denial of service (application crash) via a crafted TIFF image with CCITT Group 4 encoding.
CVE-2011-0242 (severity: MEDIUM, weakness: CWE-79)
Cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerability in WebKit in Apple Safari before 5.0.6 allows remote attackers to inject arbitrary web script or HTML via vectors involving a URL that contains a username.
CVE-2011-0244 (severity: MEDIUM, weakness: CWE-200)
WebKit in Apple Safari before 5.0.6 allows user-assisted remote attackers to read arbitrary files via vectors related to improper canonicalization of URLs within RSS feeds.
CVE-2011-0245 (severity: HIGH, weakness: CWE-119)
Buffer overflow in Apple QuickTime before 7.7 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code or cause a denial of service (application crash) via a crafted pict file.
CVE-2011-0246 (severity: HIGH, weakness: CWE-119)
Heap-based buffer overflow in Apple QuickTime before 7.7 on Windows allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code or cause a denial of service (application crash) via a crafted GIF file.
CVE-2011-0247 (severity: HIGH, weakness: CWE-119)
Multiple stack-based buffer overflows in Apple QuickTime before 7.7 on Windows allow remote attackers to execute arbitrary code or cause a denial of service (application crash) via a crafted H.264 movie.
CVE-2011-0248 (severity: HIGH, weakness: CWE-119)
Stack-based buffer overflow in the QuickTime ActiveX control in Apple QuickTime before 7.7 on Windows, when Internet Explorer is used, allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code or cause a denial of service (application crash) via a crafted QTL file.
CVE-2011-0249 (severity: HIGH, weakness: CWE-119)
Heap-based buffer overflow in Apple QuickTime before 7.7 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code or cause a denial of service (application crash) via crafted STSC atoms in a QuickTime movie file.
CVE-2011-0250 (severity: HIGH, weakness: CWE-119)
Heap-based buffer overflow in Apple QuickTime before 7.7 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code or cause a denial of service (application crash) via crafted STSS atoms in a QuickTime movie file.
CVE-2011-0251 (severity: HIGH, weakness: CWE-119)
Heap-based buffer overflow in Apple QuickTime before 7.7 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code or cause a denial of service (application crash) via crafted STSZ atoms in a QuickTime movie file.
CVE-2011-0252 (severity: HIGH, weakness: CWE-119)
Heap-based buffer overflow in Apple QuickTime before 7.7 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code or cause a denial of service (application crash) via crafted STTS atoms in a QuickTime movie file.
CVE-2011-0253 (severity: HIGH, weakness: CWE-119)
WebKit, as used in Apple Safari before 5.0.6, allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code or cause a denial of service (memory corruption and application crash) via a crafted web site, a different vulnerability than other WebKit CVEs listed in APPLE-SA-2011-07-20-1.
CVE-2011-0254 (severity: HIGH, weakness: CWE-119)
WebKit, as used in Apple Safari before 5.0.6, allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code or cause a denial of service (memory corruption and application crash) via a crafted web site, a different vulnerability than other WebKit CVEs listed in APPLE-SA-2011-07-20-1.
CVE-2011-0255 (severity: HIGH, weakness: CWE-119)
WebKit, as used in Apple Safari before 5.0.6, allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code or cause a denial of service (memory corruption and application crash) via a crafted web site, a different vulnerability than other WebKit CVEs listed in APPLE-SA-2011-07-20-1.
CVE-2011-0256 (severity: HIGH, weakness: CWE-189)
Integer overflow in Apple QuickTime before 7.7 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code or cause a denial of service (application crash) via crafted track run atoms in a QuickTime movie file.
CVE-2011-0257 (severity: HIGH, weakness: CWE-189)
Integer signedness error in Apple QuickTime before 7.7 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code or cause a denial of service (application crash) via a crafted PnSize opcode in a PICT file that triggers a stack-based buffer overflow.
CVE-2011-0258 (severity: HIGH, weakness: CWE-119)
Apple QuickTime before 7.7 on Windows allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code or cause a denial of service (memory corruption and application crash) via a crafted image description associated with an mp4v tag in a movie file.
CVE-2011-0259 (severity: HIGH, weakness: CWE-119)
CoreFoundation, as used in Apple iTunes before 10.5, does not properly perform string tokenization, which allows man-in-the-middle attackers to execute arbitrary code or cause a denial of service (memory corruption and application crash) via unspecified vectors.
CVE-2011-0260 (severity: MEDIUM, weakness: CWE-264)
The CoreProcesses component in Apple Mac OS X 10.7 before 10.7.2 does not prevent a system window from receiving keystrokes in the locked-screen state, which might allow physically proximate attackers to bypass intended access restrictions by typing into this window.
CVE-2011-0261 (severity: HIGH, weakness: NVD-CWE-Other)
Unspecified vulnerability in jovgraph.exe in jovgraph in HP OpenView Network Node Manager (OV NNM) 7.51 and 7.53 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code via a malformed displayWidth option in the arg parameter.
CVE-2011-0262 (severity: HIGH, weakness: CWE-119)
Buffer overflow in the stringToSeconds function in ovutil.dll in ovwebsnmpsrv.exe in HP OpenView Network Node Manager (OV NNM) 7.51 and 7.53 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code via large values of variables to jovgraph.exe.
CVE-2011-0263 (severity: HIGH, weakness: CWE-119)
Multiple stack-based buffer overflows in ovas.exe in the OVAS service in HP OpenView Network Node Manager (OV NNM) 7.51 and 7.53 allow remote attackers to execute arbitrary code via a long (1) Source Node or (2) Destination Node variable.
CVE-2011-0264 (severity: HIGH, weakness: CWE-119)
Stack-based buffer overflow in ovutil.dll in HP OpenView Network Node Manager (OV NNM) 7.51 and 7.53 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code via a long COOKIE variable.
CVE-2011-0265 (severity: HIGH, weakness: CWE-119)
Buffer overflow in nnmRptConfig.exe in HP OpenView Network Node Manager (OV NNM) 7.51 and 7.53 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code via a long data_select1 parameter.
CVE-2011-0266 (severity: HIGH, weakness: CWE-119)
Buffer overflow in nnmRptConfig.exe in HP OpenView Network Node Manager (OV NNM) 7.51 and 7.53 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code via a long nameParams parameter, a different vulnerability than CVE-2011-0267.2.
CVE-2011-0267 (severity: HIGH, weakness: CWE-119)
Multiple buffer overflows in nnmRptConfig.exe in HP OpenView Network Node Manager (OV NNM) 7.51 and 7.53 allow remote attackers to execute arbitrary code via a long (1) schdParams or (2) nameParams parameter, a different vulnerability than CVE-2011-0266.
CVE-2011-0268 (severity: HIGH, weakness: CWE-119)
Buffer overflow in nnmRptConfig.exe in HP OpenView Network Node Manager (OV NNM) 7.51 and 7.53 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code via a long text1 parameter.
CVE-2011-0269 (severity: HIGH, weakness: CWE-119)
Buffer overflow in nnmRptConfig.exe in HP OpenView Network Node Manager (OV NNM) 7.51 and 7.53 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code via a long schd_select1 parameter.
CVE-2011-0270 (severity: HIGH, weakness: CWE-134)
Format string vulnerability in nnmRptConfig.exe in HP OpenView Network Node Manager (OV NNM) 7.51 and 7.53 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code via format string specifiers in input data that involves an invalid template name.
CVE-2011-0271 (severity: HIGH, weakness: CWE-78)
The CGI scripts in HP OpenView Network Node Manager (OV NNM) 7.51 and 7.53 do not properly validate an unspecified parameter, which allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary commands by using a command string for this parameter's value, related to a "command injection vulnerability."
CVE-2011-0272 (severity: HIGH, weakness: NVD-CWE-Other)
Unspecified vulnerability in HP LoadRunner 9.52 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code via network traffic to TCP port 5001 or 5002, related to the HttpTunnel feature.
CVE-2011-0273 (severity: HIGH, weakness: CWE-119)
Buffer overflow in crs.exe in HP OpenView Storage Data Protector Cell Manager 6.11 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code via unspecified message types.
CVE-2011-0274 (severity: MEDIUM, weakness: CWE-79)
Cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerability in HP Business Availability Center (BAC) 7.x through 7.55 and 8.x through 8.05, and Business Service Management (BSM) through 9.01, allows remote attackers to inject arbitrary web script or HTML via unspecified vectors.
CVE-2011-0275 (severity: HIGH, weakness: NVD-CWE-Other)
Unspecified vulnerability in HP OpenView Storage Data Protector 6.0, 6.10, and 6.11 allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service via unknown vectors.
CVE-2011-0276 (severity: HIGH, weakness: NVD-CWE-Other)
HP OpenView Performance Insight Server 5.2, 5.3, 5.31, 5.4, and 5.41 contains a "hidden account" in the com.trinagy.security.XMLUserManager Java class, which allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code via the doPost method in the com.trinagy.servlet.HelpManagerServlet class.
CVE-2011-0277 (severity: MEDIUM, weakness: CWE-352)
Cross-site request forgery (CSRF) vulnerability in HP Power Manager (HPPM) 4.3.2 and earlier allows remote attackers to hijack the authentication of administrators for requests that create new administrative accounts.
CVE-2011-0278 (severity: MEDIUM, weakness: NVD-CWE-Other)
Unspecified vulnerability in HP Web Jetadmin 10.2 Service Release 3 and 4 allows local users to bypass intended access restrictions via unknown vectors.
CVE-2011-0279 (severity: LOW, weakness: CWE-287)
HP Multifunction Peripheral (MFP) Digital Sending Software (DSS) 4.91.00 does not properly configure authentication settings of managed devices within device templates, which allows attackers to access these devices via actions that were intended to require authentication.