stasvinokur/cve-and-cwe-dataset-1999-2025 huggingface dataset:
CVE-2007-4027 (severity: MEDIUM, weakness: NVD-CWE-Other)
Buffer overflow in cli32 in Areca CLI 1.72.250 and earlier might allow local users to gain privileges via a long argument. NOTE: this program is not setuid by default, but there are some usage scenarios in which an administrator might make it setuid.
CVE-2007-4028 (severity: HIGH, weakness: NVD-CWE-Other)
Absolute path traversal vulnerability in index.php in Webspell 4.01.02 allows remote attackers to include and execute arbitrary local files via a full pathname in the site parameter. NOTE: some of these details are obtained from third party information.
CVE-2007-4029 (severity: MEDIUM, weakness: NVD-CWE-Other)
libvorbis 1.1.2, and possibly other versions before 1.2.0, allows context-dependent attackers to cause a denial of service via (1) an invalid mapping type, which triggers an out-of-bounds read in the vorbis_info_clear function in info.c, and (2) invalid blocksize values that trigger a segmentation fault in the read function in block.c.
CVE-2007-4031 (severity: HIGH, weakness: CWE-22)
Directory traversal vulnerability in a certain ActiveX control in Nessus Vulnerability Scanner 3.0.6 allows remote attackers to delete arbitrary files via a .. (dot dot) in the argument to the deleteReport method, probably related to the SCANCTRL.ScanCtrlCtrl.1 ActiveX control in scan.dll.
CVE-2007-4032 (severity: MEDIUM, weakness: NVD-CWE-Other)
Buffer overflow in CrystalPlayer Pro 1.98 allows user-assisted remote attackers to execute arbitrary code via a long string in a .mls Playlist file.
CVE-2007-4033 (severity: HIGH, weakness: CWE-119)
Buffer overflow in the intT1_EnvGetCompletePath function in lib/t1lib/t1env.c in t1lib 5.1.1 allows context-dependent attackers to execute arbitrary code via a long FileName parameter. NOTE: this issue was originally reported to be in the imagepsloadfont function in php_gd2.dll in the gd (PHP_GD2) extension in PHP 5.2.3.
CVE-2007-4034 (severity: HIGH, weakness: CWE-119)
Stack-based buffer overflow in the YDPCTL.YDPControl.1 (aka Yahoo! Installer Plugin for Widgets) ActiveX control before 2007.7.13.3 (20070620) in YDPCTL.dll in Yahoo! Widgets before 4.0.5 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code via a long argument to the GetComponentVersion method. NOTE: some of these details are obtained from third party information.
CVE-2007-4035 (severity: MEDIUM, weakness: NVD-CWE-Other)
Guidance Software EnCase does not properly handle (1) certain malformed MBR partition tables with many entries, which allows remote attackers to prevent logical collection of a disk image; (2) NTFS filesystems with directory loops, which allows remote attackers to prevent examination of certain directory contents; and (3) certain other malformed NTFS filesystems, which allows remote attackers to prevent examination of corrupted records. NOTE: the vendor disputes the significance of these issues, because physical collection can be used instead, because the vendor believes that relevant attackers typically do not corrupt an MBR or a filesystem, and because detection of a loop is valuable on its own
CVE-2007-4036 (severity: MEDIUM, weakness: CWE-399)
Guidance Software EnCase allows user-assisted remote attackers to cause a denial of service via (1) a corrupted Microsoft Exchange database, which triggers an application crash when many options are selected; (2) a corrupted NTFS filesystem, which causes the application to report "memory allocation errors;" or (3) deeply nested directories, which trigger an application crash during an Expand All action. NOTE: the vendor disputes the significance of these vectors because the user can select fewer options, there is no operational impact, or the user can do less expansion
CVE-2007-4037 (severity: MEDIUM, weakness: CWE-119)
Guidance Software EnCase allows user-assisted attackers to trigger a buffer over-read and application crash via a malformed NTFS filesystem containing a modified FILE record with a certain large offset. NOTE: the vendor disputes the significance of this issue, asserting that relevant attackers typically do not corrupt a filesystem, and indicating that the relevant read operation can be disabled
CVE-2007-4038 (severity: MEDIUM, weakness: CWE-94)
Argument injection vulnerability in Mozilla Firefox before 2.0.0.5, when running on systems with Thunderbird 1.5 installed and certain URIs registered, allows remote attackers to conduct cross-browser scripting attacks and execute arbitrary commands via shell metacharacters in a mailto URI, which are inserted into the command line that is created when invoking Thunderbird.exe, a similar issue to CVE-2007-3670.
CVE-2007-4039 (severity: CRITICAL, weakness: CWE-79)
Argument injection vulnerability involving Mozilla, when certain URIs are registered, allows remote attackers to conduct cross-browser scripting attacks and execute arbitrary commands via shell metacharacters in an unspecified URI, which are inserted into the command line when invoking the handling process, a similar issue to CVE-2007-3670.
CVE-2007-4040 (severity: HIGH, weakness: CWE-79)
Argument injection vulnerability involving Microsoft Outlook and Outlook Express, when certain URIs are registered, allows remote attackers to conduct cross-browser scripting attacks and execute arbitrary commands via shell metacharacters in an unspecified URI, which are inserted into the command line when invoking the handling process, a similar issue to CVE-2007-3670.
CVE-2007-4041 (severity: MEDIUM, weakness: CWE-78)
Multiple argument injection vulnerabilities in Mozilla Firefox 2.0.0.5 and 3.0alpha allow remote attackers to execute arbitrary commands via a NULL byte (%00) and shell metacharacters in a (1) mailto, (2) nntp, (3) news, (4) snews, or (5) telnet URI, a similar issue to CVE-2007-3670.
CVE-2007-4042 (severity: HIGH, weakness: NVD-CWE-Other)
Multiple argument injection vulnerabilities in Netscape Navigator 9 allow remote attackers to execute arbitrary commands via a NULL byte (%00) and shell metacharacters in a (1) mailto, (2) nntp, (3) news, (4) snews, or (5) telnet URI, a similar issue to CVE-2007-3670.
CVE-2007-4043 (severity: CRITICAL, weakness: CWE-287)
file.cgi in Secure Computing SecurityReporter (aka Network Security Analyzer) before 4.6.3 allows remote attackers to bypass authentication via a name parameter ending with a "%00.gif" sequence. NOTE: a separate traversal vulnerability could be leveraged to download arbitrary files.
CVE-2007-4045 (severity: MEDIUM, weakness: NVD-CWE-Other)
The CUPS service, as used in SUSE Linux before 20070720 and other Linux distributions, allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service via unspecified vectors related to an incomplete fix for CVE-2007-0720 that introduced a different denial of service problem in SSL negotiation.
CVE-2007-4046 (severity: HIGH, weakness: NVD-CWE-Other)
SQL injection vulnerability in index.php in the Pony Gallery (com_ponygallery) 1.5 and earlier component for Joomla! allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary SQL commands via the catid parameter.
CVE-2007-4047 (severity: MEDIUM, weakness: NVD-CWE-Other)
geoBlog (aka BitDamaged) 1 does not require authentication for (1) deletecomment.php, (2) deleteblog.php, and (3) listcomment.php in admin/, which allows remote attackers to delete arbitrary comments, delete arbitrary blogs, and have other unspecified impact via a request with a valid id parameter.
CVE-2007-4048 (severity: MEDIUM, weakness: NVD-CWE-Other)
Cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerability in index.php in phpSysInfo 2.5.4-dev and earlier allows remote attackers to inject arbitrary web script or HTML via the PATH_INFO.
CVE-2007-4050 (severity: HIGH, weakness: NVD-CWE-Other)
Unspecified vulnerability in WebUI in ADempiere Bazaar before 3.3 beta Victoria edition allows remote attackers to access system-level windows via unspecified vectors.
CVE-2007-4051 (severity: MEDIUM, weakness: NVD-CWE-Other)
Heap-based buffer overflow in the FindFiles function in UltraDefrag 1.0.3 allows local users to gain privileges via a file with a long pathname. NOTE: some of these details are obtained from third party information.
CVE-2007-4052 (severity: MEDIUM, weakness: NVD-CWE-Other)
Cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerability in utilities/login.asp in nukedit 4.9.7 and earlier allows remote attackers to inject arbitrary web script or HTML via the email parameter. NOTE: the provenance of this information is unknown; the details are obtained solely from third party information.
CVE-2007-4053 (severity: HIGH, weakness: NVD-CWE-Other)
SQL injection vulnerability in include/img_view.class.php in LinPHA 1.3.1 and earlier allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary SQL commands via the order parameter to new_images.php.
CVE-2007-4054 (severity: HIGH, weakness: NVD-CWE-Other)
SQL injection vulnerability in category.php in PHP123 Top Sites allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary SQL commands via the cat parameter.
CVE-2007-4055 (severity: HIGH, weakness: NVD-CWE-Other)
SQL injection vulnerability in comments_get.asp in SimpleBlog 3.0 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary SQL commands via the id parameter. NOTE: this may be related to CVE-2006-4300.
CVE-2007-4056 (severity: HIGH, weakness: CWE-89)
SQL injection vulnerability in directory.php in Prozilla Adult Directory allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary SQL commands via the cat_id parameter in a list action. NOTE: the original report indicated that this was the "photo" SourceForge project (aka Maan Bsat Photo Collection), but that was incorrect.
CVE-2007-4057 (severity: MEDIUM, weakness: NVD-CWE-Other)
Unrestricted file upload vulnerability in pfs.php in Neocrome Seditio 121 and earlier allows remote authenticated users to upload arbitrary PHP code via a filename ending with (1) .php.gif, (2) .php.jpg, or (3) .php.png.
CVE-2007-4058 (severity: MEDIUM, weakness: CWE-22)
Absolute path traversal vulnerability in a certain ActiveX control in vielib.dll 2.2.5.42958 in EMC VMware 6.0.0 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary local programs via a full pathname in the first argument to the StartProcess method.
CVE-2007-4059 (severity: MEDIUM, weakness: NVD-CWE-Other)
Absolute path traversal vulnerability in a certain ActiveX control in IntraProcessLogging.dll 5.5.3.42958 in EMC VMware allows remote attackers to create or overwrite arbitrary files via a full pathname in the argument to the SetLogFileName method.
CVE-2007-4060 (severity: HIGH, weakness: NVD-CWE-Other)
Multiple buffer overflows in the HttpSprockMake function in http.c in Frank Yaul corehttp 0.5.3alpha allow remote attackers to execute arbitrary code via a long string in the (1) method name or (2) URI in an HTTP request.
CVE-2007-4061 (severity: HIGH, weakness: NVD-CWE-Other)
Directory traversal vulnerability in a certain ActiveX control in Nessus Vulnerability Scanner 3.0.6 allows remote attackers to create or overwrite arbitrary files via a .. (dot dot) in the argument to the saveNessusRC method, which writes text specified by the addsetConfig method, possibly related to the SCANCTRL.ScanCtrlCtrl.1 ActiveX control in scan.dll. NOTE: this can be leveraged for code execution by writing to a Startup folder.
CVE-2007-4062 (severity: HIGH, weakness: CWE-22)
The SCANCTRL.ScanCtrlCtrl.1 ActiveX control in scan.dll in Nessus Vulnerability Scanner 3.0.6 allows remote attackers to delete arbitrary files via unspecified vectors involving the deleteNessusRC method, probably a directory traversal vulnerability.
CVE-2007-4063 (severity: MEDIUM, weakness: NVD-CWE-Other)
Multiple cross-site request forgery (CSRF) vulnerabilities in Drupal 5.x before 5.2 allow remote attackers to (1) delete comments, (2) delete content revisions, and (3) disable menu items as privileged users, related to improper use of HTTP GET and the Forms API.
CVE-2007-4064 (severity: MEDIUM, weakness: CWE-79)
Multiple cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerabilities in Drupal 5.x before 5.2, and 4.7.x before 4.7.7, (1) allow remote attackers to inject arbitrary web script or HTML via "some server variables," including PHP_SELF; and (2) allow remote authenticated administrators to inject arbitrary web script or HTML via custom content type names.
CVE-2007-4065 (severity: MEDIUM, weakness: NVD-CWE-Other)
lib/vorbisfile.c in libvorbisfile in Xiph.Org libvorbis before 1.2.0 allows context-dependent attackers to cause a denial of service (infinite loop) via a crafted OGG file, aka trac Changeset 13217.
CVE-2007-4066 (severity: MEDIUM, weakness: CWE-119)
Multiple buffer overflows in Xiph.Org libvorbis before 1.2.0 allow context-dependent attackers to cause a denial of service or have other unspecified impact via a crafted OGG file, aka trac Changesets 13162, 13168, 13169, 13170, 13172, 13211, and 13215, as demonstrated by an overflow in oggenc.exe related to the _psy_noiseguards_8 array.
CVE-2007-4067 (severity: HIGH, weakness: NVD-CWE-Other)
Absolute path traversal vulnerability in the clInetSuiteX6.clWebDav ActiveX control in CLINETSUITEX6.OCX in Clever Internet ActiveX Suite 6.2 allows remote attackers to create or overwrite arbitrary files via a full pathname in the second argument to the GetToFile method. NOTE: some of these details are obtained from third party information.
CVE-2007-4068 (severity: MEDIUM, weakness: NVD-CWE-Other)
Multiple SQL injection vulnerabilities in Webyapar 2.0 allow remote attackers to execute arbitrary SQL commands via (1) the kat_id parameter to the default URI in a download action or (2) the id parameter to the default URI in a duyurular_detay action.
CVE-2007-4069 (severity: HIGH, weakness: NVD-CWE-Other)
SQL injection vulnerability in show_cat.php in IndexScript 2.8 and earlier allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary SQL commands via the cat_id parameter.
CVE-2007-4070 (severity: MEDIUM, weakness: NVD-CWE-Other)
Unspecified vulnerability in Low Bandwidth X proxy (lbxproxy) on Sun Solaris 8 through 10 before 20070725 allows local users to read arbitrary files with root group ownership via unknown vectors.
CVE-2007-4071 (severity: MEDIUM, weakness: NVD-CWE-Other)
Multiple cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerabilities in uploader/index.php in Webbler CMS before 3.1.6 allow remote attackers to inject arbitrary web script or HTML via the (1) page or (2) login parameter.
CVE-2007-4072 (severity: MEDIUM, weakness: NVD-CWE-Other)
Webbler CMS before 3.1.6 provides the full installation path within HTML comments in certain documents, which allows remote attackers to obtain sensitive information by viewing the HTML source, as demonstrated by viewing the source generated from index.php.
CVE-2007-4073 (severity: MEDIUM, weakness: NVD-CWE-Other)
Webbler CMS before 3.1.6 does not properly restrict use of "mail a friend" forms, which allows remote attackers to send arbitrary amounts of forged e-mail. NOTE: this could be leveraged for spam or phishing attacks.
CVE-2007-4074 (severity: HIGH, weakness: CWE-16)
The default configuration of Centre for Speech Technology Research (CSTR) Festival 1.95 beta (aka 2.0 beta) on Gentoo Linux, SUSE Linux, and possibly other distributions, is run locally with elevated privileges without requiring authentication, which allows local and remote attackers to execute arbitrary commands via the local daemon on port 1314, a different vulnerability than CVE-2001-0956. NOTE: this issue is local in some environments, but remote on others.
CVE-2007-4075 (severity: MEDIUM, weakness: NVD-CWE-Other)
Cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerability in index.asp in Alisveris Sitesi Scripti allows remote attackers to inject arbitrary web script or HTML via the q parameter in a search mod action. NOTE: the provenance of this information is unknown; the details are obtained solely from third party information.
CVE-2007-4076 (severity: HIGH, weakness: NVD-CWE-Other)
Multiple SQL injection vulnerabilities in index.asp in Alisveris Sitesi Scripti allow remote attackers to execute arbitrary SQL commands via the (1) product_id or (2) cat_id parameter in a product mod action. NOTE: the provenance of this information is unknown; the details are obtained solely from third party information.
CVE-2007-4077 (severity: MEDIUM, weakness: NVD-CWE-Other)
Multiple cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerabilities in AlstraSoft Video Share Enterprise allow remote attackers to inject arbitrary web script or HTML via the (1) msg, (2) page, (3) viewkey, or (4) viewtype parameter to (a) view_video.php; the (5) next parameter to (b) signup.php; the (6) search_id parameter to (c) search_result.php; the (7) category or (8) page parameter to (d) video.php; the (9) receiver parameter to (e) compose.php; the (10) catgy parameter to (f) groups.php; the (11) channelname parameter to (g) siteadmin/channels.php; or the (12) uname parameter to (h) siteadmin/muser.php.
CVE-2007-4078 (severity: MEDIUM, weakness: NVD-CWE-Other)
Multiple cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerabilities in AlstraSoft Text Ads Enterprise allow remote attackers to inject arbitrary web script or HTML via the (1) r parameter to (a) forgot_uid.php, the (2) query or (3) sk parameter to (b) search_results.php, or (4) the pageId parameter to (c) website_page.php.
CVE-2007-4079 (severity: MEDIUM, weakness: NVD-CWE-Other)
Multiple cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerabilities in AlstraSoft SMS Text Messaging Enterprise allow remote attackers to inject arbitrary web script or HTML via the (1) domain or (2) q parameter to (a) admin/membersearch.php, or (3) the userid parameter to (b) admin/edituser.php.
CVE-2007-4080 (severity: MEDIUM, weakness: NVD-CWE-Other)
Cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerability in index.php AlstraSoft E-Friends allows remote attackers to inject arbitrary web script or HTML via the p_id parameter in a people_card action. NOTE: this might overlap CVE-2006-2564.
CVE-2007-4081 (severity: MEDIUM, weakness: NVD-CWE-Other)
Multiple cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerabilities in AlstraSoft Affiliate Network Pro allow remote attackers to inject arbitrary web script or HTML via vectors in (a) merchants/index.php, including the (1) id or (2) msg parameter in a programedit action; the (3) pgmid parameter in an uploadProducts action; the (4) d, (5) m, or (6) y parameter in a daily action; the (7) err parameter in a ProgramReport action; the (8) i, (9) txtto, (10) txtfrom, or (11) programs parameter in a LinkReport action; or the (12) msg parameter in an add_money action; and one vector in (b) merchants/temp.php using (13) the rowid parameter. NOTE: vector 7 might overlap CVE-2005-3795.1.
CVE-2007-4082 (severity: MEDIUM, weakness: NVD-CWE-Other)
Cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerability in contact_author.php AlstraSoft Article Manager Pro allows remote attackers to inject arbitrary web script or HTML via the userid parameter.
CVE-2007-4083 (severity: MEDIUM, weakness: NVD-CWE-Other)
Multiple cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerabilities in AlstraSoft AskMe Pro allow remote attackers to inject arbitrary web script or HTML via (1) the cat_id parameter to search.php or the (2) typ parameter to register.php.
CVE-2007-4084 (severity: HIGH, weakness: NVD-CWE-Other)
Multiple SQL injection vulnerabilities in AlstraSoft Affiliate Network Pro allow remote attackers to execute arbitrary SQL commands via (1) the pgmid parameter in an uploadProducts action to merchants/index.php and possibly (2) the rowid parameter to merchants/temp.php.
CVE-2007-4085 (severity: MEDIUM, weakness: NVD-CWE-Other)
Multiple SQL injection vulnerabilities in AlstraSoft AskMe Pro allow remote attackers to execute arbitrary SQL commands via the (1) que_id parameter to forum_answer.php or (2) the cat_id parameter to search.php.
CVE-2007-4086 (severity: MEDIUM, weakness: NVD-CWE-Other)
Multiple SQL injection vulnerabilities in AlstraSoft Video Share Enterprise allow remote attackers to execute arbitrary SQL commands via (1) the gid parameter to gmembers.php, or (2) the UID parameter to (a) uvideos.php, (b) ugroups.php, (c) uprofile.php, (d) ufavour.php, (e) ufriends.php, or (f) uplaylist.php.
CVE-2007-4087 (severity: MEDIUM, weakness: NVD-CWE-Other)
AlstraSoft Video Share Enterprise allows remote attackers to obtain sensitive information (the full path) via (1) a ' (quote) character in the category parameter to view_video.php, or (2) an XSS sequence in the UID parameter to (a) uprofile.php, (b) channel_detail.php, (c) uvideos.php, (d) groups_home.php, or (e) ufriends.php.
CVE-2007-4088 (severity: MEDIUM, weakness: NVD-CWE-Other)
Multiple cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerabilities in Vikingboard 0.1.2 allow remote attackers to inject arbitrary web script or HTML via the (1) id, (2) f, (3) quote, and (4) act parameters to cp.php; the (5) u parameter to user.php; the (6) f parameter to post.php; the (7) s parameter to topic.php; the (8) quote, (9) t, (10) poll, and (11) p parameters to post.php; the (12) Message Title field of a private message (PM) in mode 6 of cp.php; the (13) title field of a private message (PM) in mode 7 of cp.php; and (14) allow user-assisted remote attackers to inject arbitrary web script or HTML via a dosearch action to search.php, which reflects the first lines of all posts by a user. NOTE: the act parameter to help.php and the p parameter to report.php are already covered by CVE-2006-4708. NOTE: vectors 12 and 13 might overlap CVE-2006-6283.1. NOTE: vector 14 might overlap CVE-2006-4708.b.
CVE-2007-4089 (severity: MEDIUM, weakness: NVD-CWE-Other)
Vikingboard 0.1.2 allows remote attackers to obtain sensitive information via the debug parameter to (1) forum.php, (2) cp.php, and possibly other unspecified components.
CVE-2007-4090 (severity: MEDIUM, weakness: NVD-CWE-Other)
Multiple cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerabilities in Vikingboard 0.1.2 allow remote attackers to inject arbitrary web script or HTML via (1) the URI to inc/lib/screen.php or (2) the title parameter to post.php. NOTE: vector 2 might overlap CVE-2006-6283. NOTE: the provenance of this information is unknown; the details are obtained solely from third party information.
CVE-2007-4091 (severity: MEDIUM, weakness: NVD-CWE-Other)
Multiple off-by-one errors in the sender.c in rsync 2.6.9 might allow remote attackers to execute arbitrary code via directory names that are not properly handled when calling the f_name function.
CVE-2007-4092 (severity: MEDIUM, weakness: NVD-CWE-Other)
Directory traversal vulnerability in index.php in iFoto 1.0.1 and earlier allows remote attackers to list arbitrary directories, and possibly download arbitrary photos, via a .. (dot dot) in the dir parameter.
CVE-2007-4093 (severity: HIGH, weakness: NVD-CWE-Other)
Minb Is Not a Blog (minb) stores sensitive information under the web root with insufficient access control, which allows remote attackers to download a database containing usernames and encrypted passwords via a direct request for db/users.db.
CVE-2007-4094 (severity: HIGH, weakness: NVD-CWE-Other)
PHP remote file inclusion vulnerability in library/authorize.php in IDevSpot PhpHostBot allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary PHP code via a URL in the login_form parameter, a different vector than CVE-2006-3776.
CVE-2007-4095 (severity: HIGH, weakness: CWE-89)
SQL injection vulnerability in BSM Store Dependent Forums 1.02 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary SQL commands via a Username field in an unspecified component, probably the FrmUserName parameter in login.asp.
CVE-2007-4096 (severity: MEDIUM, weakness: NVD-CWE-Other)
Buffer overflow in Tor before 0.1.2.15, when using BSD natd support, allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service via unspecified vectors.
CVE-2007-4097 (severity: MEDIUM, weakness: NVD-CWE-Other)
Tor before 0.1.2.15 sends "destroy cells" containing the reason for tearing down a circuit, which allows remote attackers to obtain sensitive information, contrary to specifications.
CVE-2007-4098 (severity: MEDIUM, weakness: NVD-CWE-Other)
Tor before 0.1.2.15 does not properly distinguish "streamids from different exits," which might allow remote attackers with control over Tor routers to inject cells into arbitrary streams.
CVE-2007-4099 (severity: MEDIUM, weakness: NVD-CWE-Other)
Tor before 0.1.2.15 can select a guard node beyond the first listed never-before-connected-to guard node, which allows remote attackers with control of certain guard nodes to obtain sensitive information and possibly leverage further attacks.