Everyday situations persuade us about very flexible applying of the newest scientific and technical achievements in the praxis of product marketing. All the more the product marketing represents an integration of technical, humanities and social sciences at opened European Union market. On this basis there arise many problems in the area of ethics, most of all in a situation when a producer or a seller do not take into account the ethics dimension but only a financial dimension of the product, either purposefully or subconsciously. In our article we can solve following topics: • Important theoretical principles of the product marketing and product marketing ethics • Related problems and determination of the marketing ethics and product marketing ethics • Most visible and actual ethics problems in the area of product marketing Identification of adequate customer protection in the European Union and in the • Slovak Republic consequently.
At the beginning it is important to describe the basic principles of the known theory due care to customers. Its fundamental content is responses to question - Exactly what do companies and organizations owe their customers? [1] Due care theory involves: a. Design - products and services should meet all governmental regulations and specifications and be safe under all foreseeable conditions, including misuse by the consumer b. Materials – materials should meet governmental regulations and durable enough to withstand reasonable use c. Production – products should be made without defects d. Quality control – products should be inspected regularly for quality e. Packaging, labelling and warnings – products should be safely packaged, should include clear, easily understood directions for use, and should include a clear description of any hazards f. Notification – manufacturers should have a system in place to recalls products that prove to be dangerous at some time after manufacture and distribution.
The definition of product quality used here is: the degree to which product performance meets predetermined expectation with respect to reliability, service life, maintainability and safety: a. Reliability: Claims of reliability refer to the probability that a product will function as the consumer is led to expect that it will function. If a product incorporates a number of interdependent components, then the probability that it will function properly is equal to result of multiplying together each component’s probability of proper functioning. This is especially the case when malfunction poses health or safety hazards. b. Service life: Claims concerning the life of a product refer to the period of time during which the product will function as effectively as the consumer is led to expect it to function. The consumer implicitly understands that service life will depend on the amount of wear and tear to which one subjects the product. Consumers also base some of their expectations of service life on the explicit guarantees the manufacturer attaches to the product. c. Maintainability: Claims of maintainability are claims concerning the ease with the product can be repaired and kept in operating conditions....
...the Safety-Lock Syringe I feel that the theory of Due Care is most appropriate to apply to this case. My reason for this is because Becton Dickinson’s decision first to not look in to a redesign of their original syringe and their decision to not manufacture the Safety-Lock Syringe for all sizes but only the 3-cc syringe violated the fact that they had a duty to take special care to ensure that consumer’s interests are not harmed. The basis of the Due Care Theory is that the manufacturer is in a more advantaged position given that they typically have more knowledge and expertise than the consumer therefore they have a special duty to ensure that consumer’s interests are not harmed by the product they offer, (or in this case the products they did not offer.) Under the Due Care Theory there are three areas of the manufacturer’s responsibility design, production and information. The first of these design deals with the manufactures responsibility to make sure that the design does not have any uncovered risks that may become apparent under certain types of use. They must do this by researching how it will be used by going to the source i.e. the consumer. Next they must test these uses to ensure that the design will perform as stated by the manufacturer. And finally the manufacturer must select materials that will strong enough to...
... Nursing Theory Analysis Paper NSG5002 SO1 1/28/14 Theory/Dorothea Orem's Self-Care Theory The Self-Care Deficit Nursing Theory According to Orem, Renpenning and Taylor (2003), the self-care deficit theory of nursing developed by Dorothea E. Orem focuses on the factors and requirements that an individual needs to meet in order to enhance his/her health and wellbeing. Fundamentally, nursing is required only when an individual cannot meet his/her health care demands. The self-care deficit theory of nursing, therefore, enables nurses to help patients to meet their self-care needs consequently enhancing the health and wellbeing of the patient. The theory comprises of three theories which are interrelated including: theory of self-care, theory of self-care deficit and theory of nursing systems. Essentially, Orem’s self-care deficit theory of nursing is premised on a model whereby the nurses key role in enhancing the wellbeing and health of the client to achieve and maintain ‘adequate level of self-care’. In this sense, each of the theories developed under Orem’s self-care deficit theory...
...Orem: Self-Care Deficit Nursing Theory Chamberlain College of Nursing NR 501: Theoretical Basis for Advanced Nursing Practice September 2015 Dorothea Orem: Self-Care Deficit Nursing Theory The art of nursing has been around many years. Like professional medicine, nursing is an ever-changing field in health care. What we?who learn in school is just a basic foundation of this exciting field in health care. Yet, where did the basic theories of nursing come from? What is nursing theory? I will discuss what nursing theory is, along with its importance to and influence on the nursing field today. I will discuss briefly Dorothea Orem’s self-care deficit nursing theory and its importance to nursing today. Nursing theory can be traced back to the days of Florence Nightingale, in a time where conditions in field hospitals were austere at best, and life expectancy was nothing like it is today. Nursing theory is considered the basis for the care that we provide today. As medicine is constantly changing, nursing also follows by evaluating theory and implementing change. What is nursing theory? To me, nursing theory is the researched, proven methods of nursing care that allow for us to provide the best nursing...
...Ethic of Care Theory Ethic of Care is a theory of how we care for other people around us. It prompts us of the value of human relationship. Ethic of Care theory places moral value on communities as well as persons and asserts that one action take place in the context relationship. Our decisions should consider existing relationships and often carry out via social action. However, Ethic of Care does not support a dependency relationship between people but it is about maintaining a relationship of mutuality. Ethic of Care declares that by interacting with a community can be considered vulnerable. We should maintain a relationship of mutual opportunity and benefits, as well as consider the implications of our decision and if they have the potential to be harmful to the community. We should try to do the right thing to others people, live the morally correct life, and honest to people around us. We have to live honest to ourselves, so we can be truly caring for someone or something. Caring is a response to the variety of features of moral situations: need, harm, past promises, role relationships. There are also four main ideas in an ethic of care: moral attention, sympathetic understanding, relationship awareness, and harmony and accommodation. Moral attention is the attention to the situation in all its complexity. We need to...
...Desai pinky HSC601:-Healthcare Policy and Medical Ethics Date: - 10/06/2009 Question 2: What moral theories are the most important in the healthcare reform debate? The four moral theories which have been refereed in the book satisfy one or the other aspect of the ethical analysis and also keep the foundation for further analysis. However no theory satisfies all the relevant criteria. All the four theories have pointed out their ways and means to reach a decision which is correct and ethically considered. All the theories have reached some of the goals in the common like autonomy, privacy, beneficence yet with different perspectives. The utilitarian mainly focuses on the value of the well being, which is analyzed in the terms of the pleasures, happiness welfare, preference satisfaction whereas the Kantianism believes that the morality is grounded in reason, duty rather than the sympathy, emotions. This indicates that the person have to act not only in an accordance with but for the sake of the obligation. Utilitarianism is divided into two: - the rule utilitarianism and act utilitarianism. The rule utilitarian considers the consequences of adopting certain rules whereas the act utilitarian disregards the level of the rules and sticks only to the...
...SOCIAL CARE THEORY FOR PRACTICE (OUTCOME 1) ASSESSMENT 1	(1500 words approx.) (12th October 2012) Coco J Hendry Page 1	Introduction Page 2 – 5	Assessment Page	6	Conclusion	Page 7	Reference/Bibliography 1 The following essay will demonstrate my understanding of the importance and relevance of values to social care by explaining how social care values and principles influence practice. I will then explain what relationship my value base has with social care values. I will offer and explanation of my understanding of the term anti-discriminatory practice and provide some examples of how I would apply this in a social care setting. I will outline the legislation, which underpins anti-discriminatory practice and how this would influence my own practice. 2 All care workers require recognising the importance of the two core values for care practice as suggested by “Janet Miller and Susan Gibb Care in Practice 2nd edition 2007” the value of respect for the worth of dignity of every individual. the value of according social justice and promoting the social welfare of every individual. Adopting and implementing these values recognises that each individual service user needs are met socially, physically, emotionally, cognitively without stereotyping, pre-judging or discriminating the service user,...
...Noddings and Care Theory Definition of Care Theory Care theory is the belief that people present ethics and virtues through the loving and caring interactions between themselves and the ones they love. These interactions do not necessarily occur between parent and child; they may happen between teacher and student. Theorists believe that the choice of care begins at birth as an interaction between caregiver and the cared for, and this interaction is commonly practiced into the cared for’s adult life. They say that the care experience is presented in the way a person treats and pays attention to the needs of others. Not only for the care of other human beings, it may also include the care of animals, nature, and a person’s global environment. Care theorists believe it necessary for an adult to teach a child how to give and receive love and care. They feel that it is important to demonstrate an appreciation for the cared for’s needs so that he will see how to properly respond when acting as care givers to others and that care is the foundation from which ethical decision making arises. As moral and ethics are tied into how a person should act, care theory also exhibits the same beliefs; however, they are on different formats. Care...
...Nursing Theory Plan of Care Theoretical Foundations of Practice NUR/513 March 05, 2012 Nursing Theory Plan of Care Ida Orlando literally wrote the book on the function of nursing. Her theory of the deliberative nursing process outlines a dynamic nurse-patient relationship in which the nurse uses his or her senses of perception together with deliberate actions to create an individualized care plan for each patient. Results of current research on the application of her theory follow a brief concept analysis and overview. Finally, a case study outlines the application of Orlando's deliberative nursing process. Concept Analysis of Orlando's Theory Orlando's theory hinges on the major tenets of nursing and the concept of the person as a developmental human being with needs. Individuals possess their own perceptions and personal beliefs that one may or may not observe on the surface. Her definition of health is implied only as a sense of wellbeing that one achieves when needs are met resulting in a sense of comfort. She does not directly define the environment but implies it only within the immediate nurse-patient situation. The true focus of Orlando's theory is nursing. Nursing is responsive to anyone who suffers or anticipates suffering a sense of helplessness. The role of nursing is to discover and meet the...
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