If you work in neuroscience, or follow the field, you probably know who Karl Deisseroth is. At the very least, you’re familiar with his methods. He’s best known for his development of optogenetics, a technique that enables researchers to manipulate individual neurons with light. Today, Deisseroth estimates the technique, which is only about a decade old, is being used in more than a thousand laboratories around the world.
His other major contribution to neuroscience, which his team announced back in 2013, is called CLARITY. The method renders brain tissues completely transparent while leaving them structurally intact. Thomas Insel, the director of the National Institute of Mental Health has called CLARITY “probably one of the most important advances for doing neuroanatomy in decades.”
Suffice it to say, at 43 years of age, Deisseroth has already secured his position as one of the most influential scientists of this or any other century. John Colapinto’s profile of Deisseroth, which appears in the May 18th issue of The New Yorker, captures not only the prodigious extent of that influence, but the quiet genius from which it springs.
One morning, when I was scheduled to meet Deisseroth in Palo Alto, I found him standing at the curb with an elderly motorist who had just added a fresh dent to the back of Deisseroth’s truck. The man was agitated. After unhurriedly talking him into a state of calm, then exchanging phone numbers, Deisseroth climbed into the driver’s seat, nudged aside some teething rings (he has three children under the age of six, along with an eighteen-year-old son from an earlier marriage), and asked if I’d slept well. He seemed to have put the accident entirely behind him—even though it had made him late for an important meeting. Many people, I said, would still be discombobulated. “Like those poker players who have a bad hand at the beginning of the night and can’t get back on track?” he said, with a smile. “They call it being ‘on tilt.’”
You can read (and see) more of the history of Mondo, including RU Sirius' and William Gibson's recollections, over at Omni Reboot. Sirius is also working on an oral history of Mondo, which can't come out soon enough.
After last week’s exploration of the events immediately following the Westworld host uprising—and a short leap ahead, with untold mysteries sandwiched between—“Reunion” offers some juicy hints at the park’s real purpose, and how it ties into the journeys of both Dolores and the Man in Black.
Out of the box, your iPhone will not shoot 4K videos. If you want to up your video quality to go beyond 720p or 1080p HD, you'll have to do it manually. However, not all iPhone models can actually film in 4K resolution. If you have an iPhone 6 or below, you're out of luck, but if it's the iPhone 6S or newer, you can rock the 4K no problem.
To be extra clear, the only iPhone models you can get 4K video recording on include the following. If you have one of these devices, keep reading to see everything you need to know about recording video in 4K resolution with the Camera app.
Open the "Camera" preferences in Settings, then tap "Record Video." Next, select the quality that you want to record in. There are four or six different options to choose from, one or three of which are for 4K resolution. The higher the frame rate, the smoother the footage, and the larger the video file (more on that below).
The page seen above provides you with a convenient breakdown of how much memory each recording quality will take for a one-minute video. Spoiler alert: it uses a lot of storage. If you have a 16 GB iPhone, you may want to avoid 4K videos altogether, as it would only take about 40 minutes of recording at 4K 60 fps to fill up your entire hard drive.
Within the video camera's interface, in the Camera app, you can see the quality you're recording in right next to the shutter button. However, if you're recording at the default 1080p at 30 fps settings, this indicator will not be present.
To keep it simple, 4K means more pixels (4096 x 2160); approximately 8 million more pixels than 1080p (1920x1080). To help you see the difference, here is a comparison of the default quality versus 4K (note that you will need a display capable of viewing 4K videos in order to really see the difference, and make sure to select "4K" from the quality menu).
So, are you planning to shift to 4K-only recording on your new iPhone, or will 1080p be just fine for you? Sound off in the comment section below.
Results: : The median age of patients and controls was 35 years (range, 4 to 61) and 36 years (range, 5 to 63), respectively. Fusiform thickening of the middle highly reflective layer (HRL) at the outer foveal retina, with no other apparent fundus findings, was observed both eyes of 2 children. In vitelliform stage (2 eyes), a dome-shaped lesion encompassing the outer (RPE/Bruch’s membrane complex) and middle HRLs with increased FAF was observed. In pseudo-hypopion stage (2 eyes), hyperreflective material was observed just externally to the inner HRL (OS/IS photoreceptors’ junction) and gravitationally displaced. In vitelliruptive stage (8 eyes), three new features were observed: absence of reflective signals from photoreceptors’ layer, focal disruptions of the ELM with subjacent deposition of hyperreflective material just above the outer HRL, and fusiform thickening of the outer HRL. The thickness of the ONL at the macula was decreased in all patients with clinically evident lesions.
Conclusions: : Morphological features demonstrated on SOCT suggest that the initial event in Best’s disease may be the accumulation of material between photoreceptors and RPE. While it accumulates, the resultant dome-shaped lesion shows increased FAF and decrease in the thickness of the ONL becomes apparent. Progreesive enlargement is associated with the formation of a hyporeflective space within the lesion, and gravitational displacement of the autofluorescent material. At later stages, ultimate disappearance of the photoreceptor layer and focal disruption of the ELM were seen; at this point, two associated features may be observed, named choroidal neovascularization and RPE metaplasia.
Visual and anatomic outcomes after intraoperative complications in resident-performed phacoemulsification surgery | IOVS | ARVO Journals
Visual and anatomic outcomes after intraoperative complications in resident-performed phacoemulsification surgery
To review visual and anatomic outcomes after complicated cataract surgery in a teaching institution.
IRB approved non-comparative consecutive case series of complicated phacoemulsification surgeries performed by ophthalmology residents under direct supervision of the attendings between January 1, 2006 and December 31, 2014.
133 eyes were analyzed. The mean final BCVA was 20/40. BCVA improved by a mean of 8 letters at 1 month (N=128; p=0.001), 16 letters at 3 months (N=117; p<0.001), 14 letters at 6 months (N=79; p<0.001), and 4 letters at 12 months (N=34; p=0.37). The mean OCT central subfoveal thickness (CST) increased by 36 μm (N=45; p<0.001), 27 μm (N=33; p=0.015), 45 μm (N=23; p=0.004), and 7.7 μm (N=10; p=0.62) at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months. BCVA increased by 3 lines in 41%, 56%, 57%, and 44% of eyes at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months. Sixty (45%) eyes required a secondary surgical procedure. Normal fovea was present in 66%, 59%, 39%, 44%, 33% OCTs obtained at preoperative, 1, 3, 6, and 12 months visits. Intraretinal fluid was present in 1.5%, 3.6%, 2.2%, and 9.5% eyes at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months. Visual acuity change did not correlated with the macular thickening seen on the OCT at any time point.
A high proportion of eyes with complicated cataract extraction history requires additional surgical procedures however the visual gains are substantial.