Ans: A stroke, sometimes called a “brain attack,” happens when blood flow to a part of the brain stops or is blocked and brain cellsbegin to die. Stroke is the fourth leading cause of death for women. Stroke also kills more women than men each year. Women have some unique risk factors for stroke, including hormonal birth control use, menopause, and certain pregnancy problems like preeclampsia. A stroke can leave you permanently disabled. But many strokes are preventable or treatable.
More women than men die from stroke. This is because more women have strokes later in life and women live longer than men. But women between 45 and 54 years of age are also more likely to have a stroke than men of the same age.
Ans: Certain habits and health problems raise your risk for stroke. You can control many of the risk factors for stroke.
Habits you can control include not smoking, eating healthy, getting physical activity, limiting alcohol, and reducing stress. Talk to your doctor and nurse about steps you can take to quit smoking, eat healthier, and lower your stress.
Health problems you can improve include high blood pressure—the leading risk factor for stroke, high cholesterol, overweight and obesity, and diabetes. If you have one or more of these health problems, work with your doctor and nurse to make healthy changes to lower your risk. Your doctor may also give you medicine to help control your blood pressure or cholesterol.
Risk factors you can’t control include your age, family history, and menopause. Knowing about risk factors you can’t control can help you and your doctor decide on a plan to reduce any other risk factors for stroke
Other risk factors for stroke that can affect men but are more common in women include migraines with aura, atrial fibrillation (irregular heartbeat), and diabetes.
Ans: During and soon after pregnancy, your risk for stroke is higher. Although pregnancy-related stroke is not common, the number of women who have a stroke during or soon after pregnancy is going up. African-American women, women older than 35, and women who have lupus or migraines are more at risk for pregnancy-related strokes. Health problems that can happen during pregnancy, such as preeclampsia, gestational hypertension, and gestational diabetes, also increase stroke risk later in life.
Ans: Menopause raises your risk of stroke because your ovaries stop making estrogen. Estrogen is a hormone that may help keep blood vessels relaxed and open and help the body maintain a healthy balance of good and bad cholesterol. Without estrogen, cholesterol may start building up on artery walls. This can lead to stroke and other types of heart disease.
Whether you are performing invasive, interventional cardiology or focusing more on clinical treatment, diagnosis and prevention of heart disease and other cardiac care issues, Cardiologists, like some other specialties, (especially interventional cardiologists) can experience a higher than average claims.
The birth of invasive cardiology – The malpractice insurance is slightly higher for this ‘subspecialty’.
The history of invasive cardiology begins with the development of cardiac catheterization in 1711, when Stephen Hales placed catheters into the right and left ventricles of a living horse. Variations on the technique were performed over the subsequent century, with formal study of cardiac physiology being performed by Claude Bernard in the 1840s.. None of this is necessarily related to the rating of your medical malpractice insurance, however it does help to understand why some procedures generate a higher malpractice insurance premium than others.
More history on Interventional Cardiology pertains to developing the Catheterization process. Catheterization of humans
The technique of angiography itself was first developed in 1927 by the Portuguese physician Egas Miniz for cerebral angiography, the viewing of brain vasculature by X-ray radiation with the aid of a contrast medium introduced by catheter.
Coronary catheterization was first performed, in 1929, when Werner Forssman created an incision in one of the left antecubital veins and inserted a catheter into his venous system. He then guided the catheter by fluoroscopy into his right atrium. Subsequently he walked up a flight of stairs to the radiology department and documented the procedure by having a chest roentgenogram performed. Forsmann hypothesized that a catheter could be inserted directly into the heart, for such applications as directly delivering drugs, injecting radiopaque dyes, or measuring blood pressure. The fear at the time was that such an intrusion into the heart would be fatal. To prove his point, he decided to try the experiment on himself.
Over the next year, catheters were placed in a similar manner into the right ventricle, and measurements of pressure and cardiac output was performed.
In the early 1940s, Andre Cournand, in collaboration with Dickinson Richards, performed more systematic measurements of the hemodynamics of the heart. For their work in the discovery of cardiac catheterization and hemodynamic measurements, Cournand, Forssmann, and Richards shared the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1956.
From here, the practice and study of the heart has progressed and evolved,. The American Heart Association has a goal : By 2020, to improve the cardiovascular health of all
Working with our team of patient safety specialists: The Doctors’ Insurance Agency can help you and your staff bring in webinars, cd’s, specialists and other online resources to improve your practice. Our collection of cardiology articles, as well as our library of general risk articles, keeps members informed about advances in medicine, medical liability, and patient safety.
Members receive our quarterly publication, The Doctor’s Advocate, which contains timely information on patient safety topics, legislative updates, and the latest industry and company news.
We work hard with our insurance partners to keep the premiums down. Working with various associations (like the American College of Cardiology), through The Doctors’ Company, we can help you obtain discounts that can make a significant difference in your net expenses.
Combining The Doctors’ Company added benefits of cyber and administrative medical expense coverage, The Doctors’ Insurance Agency can help you find a program or a risk management discount to reduce the cost of your cardiology malpractice insurance.
There are also some unique benefits for those who belong to the American College of Cardiology (ACC)
Program discount and credits. For attending risk management seminars, completing courses, explaining your practice profile in detail, maintaining a good loss ratio,
We have an iron-clad consent-to-settle promise that means no claim is settled without the member’s consent, where permitted by law. In the many years that I’ve worked with The Doctors’ Company, I only hear fantastic reviews and reports about the skill and team work that occurs between the claims representatives and the attorneys and the physician and the expert witnesses. We are here to help you defend the practice of good medicine.
Because physicians are held to such a high standard of confidentiality with the implementation of electronic health records, our agents can work with you to supplement the cyberguard (50,000 of defense) that is included in your medical malpractice insurance policy.
Our core medical liability policy includes protection against privacy breach and Medicare reviews through Cyberguard cyber liability protection.
If your malpractice claim or issues with hospital privileging or other credentialing bodies results in a state medical board inquiry, The Doctors’ Company includes up to 25,000 of defense and money to ensure you have representation. However, with the new climate of Government audits into billing practices, searching actively for billing errors and upcoding, The Doctors’ Insurance Agency working with Lloyd’s of London can now make an actual insurance policy of up to 1 Million available to you.
Members have access to industry-leading patient safety tools and programs tailored to the cardiology specialty, plus free Web-based and live CME.
You deserve more than a little gratitude for a career spent practicing good medicine. That’s why we created the Tribute® Plan, a groundbreaking benefit that rewards you for your loyalty to The Doctors Company and for your commitment to superior patient care. Since 2007, over 22,700 members have qualified for a Tribute award, and these members have an average balance of $11,500.*
If you have had a history of claims, The Doctors’ Insurance Agency can work with some other underwriters within The Doctors’ Company team to help you obtain a premium offer.
There is almost a statistical certainly that physicians will be named in a claim. If you have had more than your share, we would offer our subsidiary company or specialized nonstandard underwriting team to consider your application. .We treat the physicians we insure as members of our organization, not just policyholders.
Our agency was founded in 1988 to reflect the ethics and philosophy of The Doctors’ Company, to work hard, to listen to the real practice differences and to present them to an underwriting team skilled and experienced in reviewing the physician’s practice.
Founded, owned, and led by physicians—including the physician majority on our board—we are uniquely aligned with our members’ interests and accountable only to them.
This is the first film to document the custom of bride kidnapping, an ancient marriage tradition in Kyrgyzstan, a former Soviet Republic in Central Asia.
When a Kyrgyz man decides to marry, he often abducts the woman he has chosen. Typically, he and several friends hire a car, stake out his bride-to-be's movements, snatch her off the street, and take her to the groom's family home. A delegation is then sent to her family. The abducted woman is held until someone from her family arrives to determine whether they will accept the 'proposal' and she will agree to marry her kidnapper.
BRIDE KIDNAPPING documents in harrowing detail four such abductions, from the violent seizures on city streets and the tearful protests of the women, who are physically restrained and persuaded to accept their fate by the women of the groom's family, to the often tense negotiations between the respective families, and either the eventual acquiescence or continued refusal of the young women.
While two of the four women accept the forced marriages and later seem happy in their new relationships, one young woman fiercely resists and is finally released hours later by her captors, while the fourth kidnapping ends tragically, with the young woman dying under mysterious circumstances.
Subsequent interviews with the kidnapped brides, their families as well as their in-laws' families-sensitively conducted by the film's Kyrgyz Associate Producer, Fatima Sartbaeva-reveal both the deep cultural roots of the tradition as well as growing rejection of it in this newly independent and rapidly modernizing society, especially by young women who wish to continue their education.
Although bride kidnapping has been illegal in Kyrgyzstan since 1994, it is a law that is rarely enforced, and one in three rural ethnic Kyrgyz women have been forced into such marriages. BRIDE KIDNAPPING is a remarkably illuminating look at what will seem to most Westerners, apart from the most committed cultural relativists, as a shocking social custom but one that, at the same time, raises provocative questions about the nature of love and marriage.
'Successfully conveys the social and cultural complexity surrounding this recently revived practice... The power of this film lies in its rich visual storytelling. A persuasive and intimate profile.'-Visual Anthopology Review