LEMP is a much similar stack of components as the classic LAMP, except the web server Apache replaced by Nginx pronounced Engine-x, explaining the 'E' on LEMP. Nginx is an open source reverse proxy server for HTTP, HTTPS, and for some others protocols which also functions as a load balancer, HTTP cache, and web server (origin server). You can link the MySql or MariaDB database but we will use MySql in this tutorial for the database.
If you launch your Ubuntu 18.04 server for the first time, make sure to update the cache of the packages
Now if you have your UFW firewall running, you will need to allow connections to Nginx. Different applications can register their profiles with UFW upon installation such as Nginx so you can check it as below
It will show you three level of the password strength. Choose the one most appropriate for you but make sure to keep it in mind to avoid some access error.
But you should notice that there are still some security breaches in our database because, in Ubuntu systems running MySQL 5.7 (and later versions), the root MySQL user is set to authenticate using the auth_socket plugin by default rather than with a password. It authenticates clients that connect from the local host through the Unix socket file. You can check your MySql version
Now you can check the authentication method each of your MySQL user accounts. First, connect to the database
Notice that it didn't ask you for the database root password as we have configured above. It means that everybody accessing your server can edit your database. Now check the authentication method
You can see that the authentication method of the root database user is not the password. You can change it as below
This message tells you what is wrong. It means that you probably have a password set for the user root from the database and need to enter it with the command
In the second command, notice that the -u root indicates the database user (root) to use for the connection to the database. It means that if you have paul or john user, you can use it instead of root.
As Nginx does not contain native PHP processing, we have to install php-fpm (FastCGI Process Manager) and php-mysql to allow PHP to communicate with the MySQL database.
Depending on what version of Nginx and PHP you install, you may need to manually configure the location of the PHP socket that Nginx will connect to. So List the contents for the directory /var/run/php/
We can see that the socket is php7.2-fpm.sock. Now we can open the Nginx site configuration file to use PHP for dynamic content and we should indicate the socket file.
Now you can check the syntax of the Nginx configuration file and make to have the good PHP socket indicated in the file
Configuring Nginx takes some time, but it's worth it and it's also easy to configure it to host your web applications. Now you have all of the required components to configure LEMP on your Ubuntu 18.04 server.
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Whether you want to give a present to a Chinese customer for the holidays, or just to build a relationship, bear in mind that there are some things to never gift a Chinese.
While gift giving plays a vital role in maintaining a good relationship in Chinese culture, be it for business or personal, there are complex cultural rules that apply.
These include unspoken rules, such as always remembering to offer and/or receive a gift with two hands. Chinese may also refuse a gift the first few times it is offered, to reflect modesty and to not appear greedy.
To help you navigate through the intricate web of the gift-giving culture in China, here are some quick Chinese gift-giving 101 from Juwai for you:
Clock: The words for ‘gifting a clock’ (送钟; sòng zhōng) in Chinese sounds horribly alike to the Chinese funeral ritual of 'seeing someone off to his end' (送终; sòng zhōng). In short, giving someone a clock is akin to hastening someone to their death.
Shoes: The word for ‘Shoes’ in Chinese (鞋; xié) sounds like the Chinese word for ‘evil’ or ‘heretical’ (邪; xié) . It also giving them the tools to ‘walk away’ – sending the message that you want to part ways, thus ending your relationship.
White Flowers: White and black are colours commonly used for mourning in China. If you want to delight them with flowers, don’t use white ones – especially Chrysanthemum flowers, which are only used when visiting graves or during funerals.
Pears: While giving fruits is usually a safe option, giving pears is a big no-no. The Chinese word for 'pear' (梨; lí) sounds the same as 'to separate' or 'to part from' (离; lí), so giving pears indicates that you hope the recipient's family will separate (in death or divorce).
Chocolates: China’s appetite for premium chocolate is growing, in particular quality, imported chocolates, which are seen as a luxury gift. In fact, 32.1% of chocolate consumers in China prefer foreign brands, so this is one gift that can’t go wrong.
Wine: The Chinese have discovered a passion for good wine in recent years, so foreign wine makes an excellent gift. It could also symbolise a toast to their good health, and that’s twice the sincerity.
Apples: A popular tradition in China is to give apples – ‘Ping Guo’ (苹果) – on Christmas Eve. This is because Christmas Eve is called ‘Ping An Ye’ (平安夜), which sounds similar to the word for apple, and literally translates to ‘Peaceful, Silent Night’.
Local Specialties: Add a touch of the local. Gifts from your own country, region or city are always a good idea. For example, if you are from France, a mini Eiffel Tower would be a nice touch.
Gifts in Sets of Six or Eight: The number 6 (六; liù) sounds like the word for 'flow' (流; liú), which indicates fluidity and that 'everything will go smoothly'. The number 8 is considered the most auspicious number for the Chinese, mostly because the word 'eight' (八; bā) in Chinese somewhat resembles the Chinese word for 'prosper' or 'wealth' (发; fā). Both numbers are highly favoured by businessmen, so take note.
There are plenty more do's and don'ts when it comes to gift-giving in China, but these 10 gifting tips should suffice to prevent you from accidentally committing a taboo with your gifts this festive season.
We wish you every success with your gifting endeavours to Chinese this year. Here's to a Merry Christmas and a Happy New Year indeed!
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