ADELAIDE (Ger. Adelheid) (931-999), queen of Italy and empress, was the daughter of Rudolph II. of Burgundy and of Bertha, daughter of Duke Burchard of Swabia. On the death of Rudolph in 937, his widow married Hugh, king of Italy, to whose son Lothair Adelaide was at the same time betrothed. She was married to him in 947; but after an unhappy union of three years Lothair died (November 22, 950). The young widow, remarkable for her character and beauty, was seized by Lothair's successor, Berengar II., margrave of Ivrea, who, angered probably at her refusal to marry his son Adalbert and thus secure his title to the Italian kingdom, kept her in close confinement at Como. After four months (August 951), she escaped, and took refuge at Canossa with Atto, count of Modena-Reggio (d. 981). Meanwhile Otto I., the German king, whose English wife Edgitha had died in 946, had formed the design of marrying her and claiming the Italian kingdom in her right, as a step towards the revival of the empire of Charlemagne. In September 951, accordingly, he appeared in Italy, Adelaide willingly accepted his invitation to meet him at Pavia and at the close of the year the fateful union was celebrated. From the first her part in German affairs was important. To her are ascribed the influences which led in 953 to the revolt of Ludolf, Otto's son by his first marriage, the crushing of which in the following year established Adelaide's power. On the 2nd of February 962 she was crowned empress at Rome by Pope John XII. immediately after her husband, and she accompanied Otto in 966 on his third expedition to Italy, where she remained with him for six years. After Otto I.'s death (May 7, 973), Adelaide exercised for some years a controlling influence over her son, the new emperor, Otto II. The causes of their subsequent estrangement are obscure, but it was possibly due to the empress's lavish expenditure in charity and church building, which endeared her to ecclesiastics but was a serious drain on the imperial finances. In 978 she left the court and lived partly in Italy, partly with her brother Conrad, king of Burgundy, by whose mediation she was ultimately reconciled to her son. In 983, shortly before his death, she was appointed his viceroy in Italy; and was successful, in concert with the empress Theophano, widow of Otto II., and Archbishop Willigis of Mainz, in defending the right of her infant grandson, Otto III., to the German crown against the pretensions of Henry the Quarrelsome, duke of Bavaria. In June 984 the infant king was handed over by Henry to the care of the two empresses; but the masterful will of Theophano soon obtained the upper hand, and until the death of the Greek empress, on the 15th of June 991, Adelaide had no voice in German affairs. She now assumed the regency, in concert with Bishop Willigis and a council of princes of the Empire, and held it until in 995 Otto was declared of age. In 996 the young king went to Italy to receive the imperial crown; and from this date Adelaide ceased to concern herself with worldly affairs, but devoted herself to pious exercises, to intimate correspondence with the abbots Majolus and Odilo of Cluny, and the foundation of churches and religious houses. She died on the 17th of December 999, and was buried in the convent of SS. Peter and Paul, her favourite foundation, at Salz in Alsace. She was proclaimed a saint by the grateful German clergy; but her name has never found a place in the Roman calendar. Like her daughter-in-law Theophano and other exalted ladies of this period, Adelaide possessed considerable literary attainments (literatissima erat), and her knowledge of Latin was of use to Otto I., who only learned the language late in life and remained to the end a poor scholar.
By the emperor Otto I. she had four children: Otto II. (d. 983), Mathilda, abbess of Quedlinburg (d. 999), Adelheid (Adelaide), abbess of Essen (d. 974), and Liutgard, who married Conrad II., duke of Franconia, and died in 955.
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regulations to be implemented in shafts or pits that are hazardous because of escaping methane or hydrogen. So-called dust-and-gas conditions are implemented if, in addition to gas, a shaft is unsafe because of explosive dust.
Shafts in which the presence of methane has been detected, even if on only one occasion and in only one seam, are treated as hazardous. Shafts are classified in four categories (see Table 1) depending on the gas abundance.
Note: In classifying mine shafts according to gas-abundance categories, 1 cu m of hydrogen is taken as equal to 2 cu m of methane
Amount of methane escaping daily per ton of average daily output (cu m) ................ 5 5-10 10-15 Above 15, or shafts working seams in which there is a danger of blowouts of coal and gas and bleeding
Amount of flue gases (methane and hydrogen) escaping daily per cu m of average daily output (cu m)................to 7 7-14 14-21 21 and above, or shafts working seams in which there is a danger of blowouts of coal and gas and bleeding
The gas conditions provide for the implementation of systematic technical measures to prevent the accumulation of gas to dangerous levels and to prevent conditions that could ignite the gas. This is achieved by intensive ventilation of the mine workings and degassing of the minerals and surrounding rock, by the use of methods and machinery that provide for minimal gas accumulation, and by routine monitoring of the gas content in the air of underground workings by means of gas detectors and automatic control and emergency warning devices. The second group of measures consists in the prohibition of open flames, incandescent objects, and sparks in the shaft (this is achieved by the use of safety explosives and specially made electrical equipment and by observing precautionary measures during mining operations).
Gas conditions include a series of additional measures in the presence of bed accumulations of methane and during the working of seams in which there is a danger of sudden blowouts and bleeding.
(lĕ`gyo͞om, lĭgyo͞om`), common name for any plant of the family Leguminosae, which is called also the pulsepulse,
..... Click the link for more information. , legume, pea, or bean family. The word is often used loosely in the plural for vegetables in general. Botanically, a legume is the characteristic fruit of the pulse family plants, called also leguminous plants. It is a podpod
..... Click the link for more information. which usually splits along two sides, with the seeds attached along one of the sutures. The family Leguminosae is classified in the division MagnoliophytaMagnoliophyta
A dry, dehiscent fruit derived from a single simple pistil; common examples are alfalfa, beans, peanuts, and vetch.
The hexadecimal color code #5c3421 is a dark shade of red-orange. In the RGB color model #5c3421 is comprised of 36.08% red, 20.39% green and 12.94% blue. In the HSL color space #5c3421 has a hue of 19° (degrees), 47% saturation and 25% lightness. This color has an approximate wavelength of 591.28 nm.
The hexadecimal color code #a400fa is a shade of blue-magenta. In the RGB color model #a400fa is comprised of 64.31% red, 0% green and 98.04% blue. In the HSL color space #a400fa has a hue of 279° (degrees), 100% saturation and 49% lightness. This color has an approximate wavelength of 564.55 nm.
The hexadecimal color code #b2e6fc is a light shade of cyan. In the RGB color model #b2e6fc is comprised of 69.8% red, 90.2% green and 98.82% blue. In the HSL color space #b2e6fc has a hue of 198° (degrees), 93% saturation and 84% lightness. This color has an approximate wavelength of 484.72 nm.
The hexadecimal color code #bab9a9 is a medium light shade of yellow. In the RGB color model #bab9a9 is comprised of 72.94% red, 72.55% green and 66.27% blue. In the HSL color space #bab9a9 has a hue of 56° (degrees), 11% saturation and 70% lightness. This color has an approximate wavelength of 571.31 nm.