According to the argument, it is recommended that the work shifts if Butler Manufacturing shoud be shorten by one hour, since this change can decrease the on-job accidents by guaranteeing the rest time of workers, which can be refected from the case of Panoply Industries. However, in order to fully evaluate the effectiveness of the recommendation, some questions need to be answered for offering more information. Questions about the reasons accounting for the accidents in Butler, the significance of comparison between these two factories, other measures Panoply Industries taken are important evaluate whether this recommendation works or not.
To begin with, what reasons accounting for the job-accidents in Butler Manufacturing play a significant role in the evaluation(?). Although it is reported that fatigue and sleep deprivation among workers are important contributing factors in many on-the-job accidents, whether Butler belongs to this list (RP) depends on its feature (MI). If tasks in Butler is influenced by many factors or even do not be affected by rest time, the change of work shifts based on the recommendation may not successfully decrease the on-job accidents. For example, if the major reason accounting for the higher accidents rate is due to bad training for its worker rather than the rest time, this recommendation in such case is useless.
In additions to what are actual reasons resulting in the sfety issue, whether the comparison between these two factories is significant or not need to be answered. Given that the argument recommend to shorten time of work shifts based on the case of Panoply, in order to validate the effectiveness, the comparison need to be questioned. For example, if tasks worker do are totally different between Butler and Panoply, such recommendation that mimics the measure Panoply did may not work. To be more specific, if tasks in Panoply require workers highly concentrate on, while those in Butler are relaxing relatively and ask less attention to pay, more rest time is useful to improve the safety in Panoly but in Butler.
Even the comparion is valid due to similar tasks of these to factories, what other measures undertaken in Panoply need to be considered for the evaluation of the recommendation. That is to say, the higher safety level of panoply may not only lie in short work shifts. Maybe its workers receive more safety training so that they rasie the awareness and improve the working skills. In such case, only shorten the work shifts may not have a significantly positive result. In other word, if other measures also taken by Panoply, Butler is not necessarily improve the safety record as prediction just based on the work shifts adjustment.
In conclusion, given than detailed information in the argument is limited, more question mentioned above should be answered for a comprehensive understanding about this case and so that whether this recommendation is likely to have the positive results as predicted can be better evaluated.
In the memo, it is argued that in order to reduce the rate of on-the-job accidents, the plant has to shorten the work shifts by one hour. This conclusion is arrived by referring to the increase of the rate of accidents in Butler, the measures of the nearby plant, and a recent government study. Several questions are arised from this argument and its reasoning process. We have to investigate this matter thoroughly in order to answer these questions before we could evaluate the soundness of this argument.
To begin with, we have to ask the question whether shorter working time is the main reason why Butler had more on-the-job accidents. It is true that shorter work shifts would be an important part regarding working quality. However, it is important to bear in mind that there might be other factors which could be equally essential in terms of fewer accidents. Perhaps, it is because workers' salary could not support their family that a large majority of them have to work on a part-time job in their spare time, thus leading to the decrease of working quality. Or perhaps, the design of the work shifts may have some problems such as fewer intervals during the work shifts despite the high intensity of work. Thus, if these are the main reasons contributing to the gap in the number of accidents, the recommendation would not be helpful to close the gap.
Another question is that whether the Butler workers would have more sleep simply by shortening the shifts. It is possible that some workers would have the habit of staying up late or pulling an all-nighter in order to complete the working tasks. Or perhaps, because of the low salary in Butler, they have to work an extra hours in order to earn enough money to support the family. Without taking these factors into consideration, it is far from reasonable to conclude that simply the shortening of working time would guarantee enough sleep of workers.
Then we need to ask the question whether enough sleep could necessarily reduce the number of accidents. Even if this recommended measures would help workers have more sleep, this may not be helpful for reducing the number of accidents since many other factors function as well. For example, workers may not receive enough security training or may not be equipped with security tools when working. Perhaps, the supervisors could not enforce the rules and regulation according to the safety protocols. Or the machinery needs upgrading in order to guarantee the safety of workers. On this score, if the assumption that addressing sleep deprivation would reduce accidents does not hold, the recommendation should not be accepted.
Finally, we have to ask the question whether the same measure which worked well in Panoply Industries would reach the same effect in Butler Manufacturing as well. Maybe there are some huge differences between Panoply Industries and Butler Manufacture so that even if this policy would be effective in the former, it might not have the same result in the latter. For example, it is likely that Panoply Industries excels at producing textiles, wile Quiot Manufacturing is mainly responsible for producing automobiles. On this account, less time-span in Panoply Industries may help workers relax while in Quiot Manufacutring this measure would influence the supervision of streamline process, therefore decreasing productivity.Unless there is more information to prove that the working condition and other factors in two places are basically similiar, it is pointless to assume that the same measure would reach the same effect in Quiot Manufacturing.
Generally speaking, the argument is not very strong in its current form. In order to support this argument, many questions discussed above still need to be answered in order to decide whether follow the measures of Panoply Industries would be a desirable move for Butler Manufacturing.
In this argument, the Board of Directors of Butler Manufacturing recommends that they should shorten every work shift by an hour to make workers have a enough rest which help workers reduce risky accidents. Although it's a good idea for workers safety, but there are some questions and details needing asking. The reasons are as follows.
In the first place, the report indicates that 30 percent more on-the-job accidents than workers at nearby Panoply Industries, whose work shifts are one hour shorter than the former. It seems like it's the reason why the accidents frequency in Butler is higher. However, 30 percent is a relative indicator so it cannot represent the level of severity of accidents. If workers in Butler are much fewer than that of Panoply, the number of accidents in Butler may be smaller than that of Panoply. This indicator is not strong enough to support the conclusion of the report.
Secondly, the recent government study reports that fatigue and sleep deprivation are significant factors in many on-the-job accidents so the administer of Butler draws the conclusion that shortening the work shifts can help workers rest fulltime and then reduce the frequency of accidents. It sounds feasible, but is that the main reason why workers in Butler suffering from accidents more than another? Absolutely there is no evidence according to the argument. It is possible that workers have accidents because of their incorrect operation of machinery, not following the rules of work and so on. Thus it is not convinced that longer work shift is the main factors causing the high frequency of accidents in Butler.
The last but not the least important, the administer predicts that shorter shifts will allow Butler to improve its safety record by ensuring that its employees are adequately rested. This prediction is not supported because workers may not spend all those rest hours sleeping. They may play outside or have some activities which cost their more efforts. If the company wants to ensure the adequate rest of workers, they need to make more surveys and evidence to convince it.
In conclusion, this recommendation is good for workers, but whether it can improve safety record needs further evidence to support. To make a better conclusion, the administer in Butler should take every consideration above into account and search for more persuasive and reasoning data and evidence.
According to the memo from the Board of Directors of Butler Manufacturing, they recommend that Butler Manufacturing shorten each of its work shifts by one hour to improve its safety record by ensuring its employees are adequately rested. And the memo documented several facts to support the claim. While there are some questions need to be answered, otherwise, the validation of the recommendation would be undermined, and I will explain how the answers to these questions would help to evaluate the recommendation.
To begin with, the memo made the assumption that shorten the work shifts by an hour in Panoply could ensure the workers’ rest time. The memo cited during the past year, there are 30 percent more on-the-job accidents in Butler Manufacturing than workers at nearby Panoply industries, where the work shifts are one hour shorter than ours. It seems reasonable. However, the memo need to answer the questions before we accept it. First, Whether the total work shifts time are the same in two industries? Possibility could be the rest time is already more in Butler than Panoply. For example, there are 3 hours rest time in Butler while 2 hours in Panoply. Therefore, the one hour shorter in work shift time can’t be the evidence to support the claim that there is more rest time in Panoply.
Second, whether those on-the-job accidents in Butler is due to the more hours on work shifts? The memo also cited that recent government study reports that fatigue and sleep deprivation among workers are significant contributing factors in many on-the-job accidents. The assumption made by memo could be that the reason led to the on-the-job accidents in Butler is the fatigue and sleep privation. However, whether the directors investigate the reason of the accidents? For instance, the accidents taken place on the time when they shifted the job, but the calculating method take the accident account into on-the-job accidents. The reason led to the accidents is more the carelessness than of fatigue and privation of sleep, so the validation of the assumption would be undermined.
Last but not the least, whether the format of other company suits for Butler? Whether it is appropriate to shorter one hour of work shifts time? The memo recommends that Butler Manufacturing shorten each of its work shifts by one hour and the shorter shifts will allow Butler to improve its safety record by ensuring that its employees are adequately rested. The recommend will be weaken if the situation that I mentioned existed. For example, the total time needed to ensure the adequate rest of employees in Butler is 3 hours, the rest time they have now is 1 hour, even though there is one more rest time, the employees still will be fatigue and tired, therefore, the safety record won’t be improved. However, the rest time is enough for workers in Panoply, and the possibility could be that the workers have been trained to adapt the work shift time. Thus, the directors need to do more surveys to solid their recommendation.
In conclusion, even it seems convincing to accept the recommendation, there are many questions need to be answered before we accepted it. What the total number of rest time in the two industries now? Whether the fatigue and privation of sleep is the reason led to the on-the-job accidents? Whether it is appropriate to use the Panoply format to improve the safety record in Butler? Only when the questions could be answered properly that we could reconsider whether to accept the recommendation.
13 Universities should require every student to take a variety of courses outside the student's field of study.
In this competitive society, holding a college degree is no longer enough for us to compete with others for a good job or desirable career. Therefore, school may ask students to take a copious of courses outside their majors to broaden their horizons and have more advantages as competing with others. From my perspective, I agree that universities can give some elective courses for students to choose, while there are some shortcomings if universities ask every student should take courses outside their fields of study.
Opening courses outside majors can introduce different perspectives and methods from other courses to students.
eg: for anthropology and journalism field trip convoluted topic about a remote village which is far away from the modern world, the natives there may regard as enemy and attack. broaden horizons 看到战争 不会随意归结为某一因素，
those major in physics or chemistry -learning history similar cases that will more objectively analyze the reasons and profits.
Similarly， study in arts could study not only how to use the brushes to draw but also could learn some knowledge about the ratio of human body or how human's muscle works to improve the realness of drawing
On the one hand, universities may be unable to launch a large number of courses for lacking of ample teachers and money.
On the other hand, for students who are too busy to learn other courses outside the major courses may lead to a tragedy that she cannot deal with those classes and fail in his or her major courses.
In my opinion, university or college can encourage students freshman year and sophomore year and focus on the majors and make good preparations for their graduation and career.
In the memo, it is argued that in order to reduce the rate of on-the-job accidents, the plant ha ...