I have a colleague who likes to kid me about my attachment to federalism. He asks two sorts of teasing questions. One is why I think "ideas" about federalism have any effect on policy. He holds, for instance, that President Reagan's much-touted proposals for federal reform in 1981 were merely instrumental to the overarching drive to cut the federal budget. The real motive was not a regard for federalism as such, but simply conservative hostility to the redistributive policies of the welfare state.
My colleague's second taunt is to question the value of federalism to American government. In his view, it would seem, the chief contribution of the states to our system of government is to introduce further incoherence onto the already chaotic scene of American policymaking. Citing the need to raise productivity, for instance, he claims that the problem can be met not by fifty separate manpower programs, but only by a national policy that reaches into the whole sphere of education and training. Insofar as federalism blocks a national approach to a national problem, it makes policy less coherent and effective than it might otherwise be.
I do not find it easy to answer these questions and welcome the present study as a powerful help. Tim Conlan is concerned with federalism in both respects: federalism as idea and as structure. He examines the explicit proposals for federal reform put forward by Presidents Nixon and Reagan and finds that on balance they have not had much effect. He does not come to this conclusion because he discounts the influence of ideology. He finds that conservatism, in two rather different modes, inspired many of the programs of the two administrations, often with important side effects on the intergovernmental structure. Under Nixon and Reagan, the conservatism of American politics has been expressed, to use the author's terminology, in both an explicit and an implicit federalism. Conlan also takes up the reverse of this relationship, asking what effect fed-
NLC Policy Unit Meets with Legislators By Arndt, Randy Nation's Cities Weekly, Vol. 19, No. 19, May 13, 1996
Eugene Police Officer Sole City Employee Called Up So Far By The Register Guard (Eugene, OR), March 30, 2003
Budget Cuts Will Squeeze State and Local Treasuries By Laurent Belsie, writer of The Christian Science Monitor The Christian Science Monitor, October 15, 1990
People Agencies Predicted Biggest Users of Funds By Wolfe, Lou Anne THE JOURNAL RECORD, February 12, 1990
"Boston, Los Angeles Teachers Settle" by Ruben, George - Monthly Labor Review, Vol. 112, Issue 8, August 1989 | Online Research Library: Questia
Boston, Los Angeles teachers settle In addition to providing for salary increases, settlements for public school teachers in Los Angeles, CA, and Boston, MA, gave teachers a larger role in determining school operating policies.
Under the Los Angeles accord, committees at each of the 600 schools will address budget, curriculum, and other matters. The committees will have 12 to 16 members--one half of them teachers and the other half, school administrators, parents of students, and, in some cases, students. The committee will decide by majority vote such issues as budgets, teaching methods and materials, and student discipline. There will also be one overall district committee, with the same makeup, to resolve impasses in the local committees.
The settlement for the 22,000 Los Angeles teachers was preceded by a 10-day work stoppage. The contract provided for an 8-percent salary increase in each of the 3 contract years, bringing the salary range to $29,529-$51,490 a year. It eliminated a requirement that elementary teachers supervise school playgrounds, but did not restore financial penalties that had been imposed on some teachers for refusing to perform these and other duties prior to the start of the work stoppage. …
'Won't Back Down' - Coming Soon to a Theater, Dysfunctional School near You By Morales, Jose Daily News (Los Angeles, CA), September 30, 2012
"The Deal from Hell: How Moguls and Wall Street Plundered Great American Newspapers" by Aucoin, James - Journalism History, Vol. 38, Issue 3, Fall 2012 | Online Research Library: Questia
The "deal from hell" was Chicago real estate developer Sam Zell's purchase of the publicly traded Tribune Company, which took the company private and eventually drove it into bankruptcy. At first, Zell was thought to be somewhat of a savior for the company after corporate lawyers and bankers who managed the company imperiled it by purchasing the Los Angeles Times. Zell's management, though, soon proved to do more harm than good.
After the corporate destruction and bloodletting, the Baltimore Sun, Orlando Sentinel, Long Island Newsday, and the once-great Chicago Tribune and Los Angeles Times stood as mere shadows of their former selves, plundered first for investor dividends and then to pay off the billions of dollars in debt incurred when Zell took the company private using borrowed dollars.
James O'Shea has inside information gained from more than two decades working for the Chicago Tribune and the Los Angeles Times. He was managing editor of the Tribune when he was appointed editor of the Times and was the third person in two years to take the helm in Los Angeles after Tribune Company purchased the newspaper. Dysfunctional and rapacious management kept newsrooms in turmoil by repeatedly demanding budget cuts to satisfy the greed of investors - primarily the Chandler family (more than 100 ancestors of the founders of the Los Angeles Times, General Harrison Gray Otis and Harry Chandler) and, later, Sam Zell.
Amazingly, the managers of two of Americas greatest newspapers put the fates of their newsrooms in the hands of men and women with no experience in newspapers or journalism - lawyers, MBAs, bankers, accountants, broadcast executives, and investors such as Zell. The disastrous results should have been expected.
O'Shea's memoir provides insights into a number of media leaders at the helm of the Chicago Tribune and the Los Angeles Times from the 1970s into the twenty-first century: John Madigan, Tribune Company CEO who engineered the merger of the Tribune and the Los Angeles Times; Charles Brumback, Madigans predecessor in the CEO role; Mark Hinckley Willes, the CEO of the Times Mirror Company when the merger occurred (and infamous for the Staples Center/Los Angeles Times partnership on a promotional tabloid that shook the newspaper industry for its brazen fracture of the line between journalism and advertising); Dennis FitzSimons, champion of market-driven news, who became CEO of Tribune Company by rising through die ranks of the company's broadcast sales division; Jack Fuller, publisher of the Tribune-, John Carroll, who as editor of the LosAngehs Times led it to a remarkable five Pulitzer Prizes during his short tenure at the paper; and many others, including Zell. …
The Cross-Roads to Digital: Newspaper Models and the Change to an Industry By Cosgrove, Elizabeth Gomaa, Ahmed European Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies, Vol. 6, No. 2, December 2014
Our Annual Top 10 Newspaper Industry Stories of the Year By Strupp, Joe Editor & Publisher, December 21, 2008
Investigating What Harms People-As an Independent Reporter: A Pulitzer Prize-Winning Investigative Reporter Writes about 'Hurdles to Obtain Meager Funding or to Overcome Editors' Reluctance to Support the Stories'-And Offers Suggestions By Tofani, Loretta Nieman Reports, Vol. 63, No. 1, Spring 2009
"FCC Cable Service Bureau Preempts Local Satellite Law" by Jones, Sarah Beth - Nation's Cities Weekly, Vol. 20, Issue 30, July 28, 1997 | Online Research Library: Questia
Continuing an emerging pattern of federal telecommunications preemption of traditional local authority, the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) preempted a Kansas town's local ordinance on July 23rd. In one of its first, precedent setting decisions regarding municipal authority to regulate satellite dishes, the FCC determined that the City of Meade, Kansas (1994 population 1,545) violated the FCC's rule governing Over-the-Air Reception Devices, such as satellite dishes, by enacting an ordinance which restricts the installation and placement of satellite television dishes that are one meter or less in diameter. In reaching its decision, the FCC assumed a greater level of authority over local land use and planning decisions historically made by local communities.
Star Lambert and the Satellite Broadcasting and Communications Association of America (SBCA) had originally filed jointly a request to the FCC to preempt Meade's ordinance. That Ordinance, No. 741, was adopted by the City of Meade, Kansas, to impose restrictions on the placement of video programming antennae. The industry was seeking to preempt local authority under the FCC's Over-the-Air Reception Devices Rule. This rule, a part of section 207 of the Telecommunications Act of 1996, provides that "a restriction impairs installation, maintenance or use of a protected antenna if it (1) unreasonably delays or prevents installation, maintenance, or use; (2) unreasonably increases the cost of installation, maintenance or use; or (3) precludes reception of an acceptable quality signal."
The only exceptions to the rule are restrictions that are necessitated by safety or historic preservation. According to the companies, Ordinance 741 provided that "satellite receiving antennae could not be maintained or used within the City of Meade without a written permit from Meade. …
A History and Analysis of the Federal Communications Commission's Response to Radio Broadcast Hoaxes By Levine, Justin Federal Communications Law Journal, Vol. 52, No. 2, March 2000
Opinion Specialization: Alive and Well in the Federal Appellate Judiciary By Cheng, Edward K. Judicature, Vol. 92, No. 3, November/December 2008
The Missing Link in Satellite Communications By Deering, Ann M. Risk Management, Vol. 37, No. 10, October 1990
Telerate Makes Financial Data Service Available to Personal Computer Users By Tyson, David O. American Banker, Vol. 150, January 9, 1985
ParkerVision Shares Rise on Settlement; Wireless Communications Company Still Has Other Patent Cases Pending By Dixon, Drew The Florida Times Union, July 19, 2016
NSA Loath to Spy in Domestic Cases; 9/11 Strikes Altered Agency Stance By Scarborough, Rowan The Washington Times (Washington, DC), December 22, 2005
DAVID Gatward-Ferguson delights in telling people, particularly his fellow Brits, that he's a drop-out.
aWife's one, too,a he cheerfully adds. aI dropped out of marketing computer systems and Amanda dropped out from being an accountant.
aAnd now we spend our days in the most beautiful terrain in the world. Fellow Poms turn greener than the hills around here when we tell them that people actually pay us to take them into these mountains, to get them into the old gold-mining sites down by the rivers, and by four-wheel to places just so incredibly rich in history and folklore.a
a[approximately]Here' for David and Amanda is the spectacular alpine country around Queenstown on New Zealand's South Island. aWe'd become sick and tired of boardroom backstabbing and bitchiness in London,a David said. aSo one day in 1993 we walked out, bought two air tickets to New Zealand, and we've been here since.a
On arriving in Auckland, David and Amanda decided that a anice long drivea would be a good way to see the country, so they bought a campervan and weeks later ended up in Queenstown.
There they came upon an opportunity to take over a company called Nomad Safaris that specialised in four-wheel drive tours into the beautiful mountain terrain behind Queenstown a taking adventurous tourists along roads that were once little more than foot tracks for early sheep farmers. …
Tarnishing the Earth: Gold Mining's Dirty Secret. (Focus) By Fields, Scott Environmental Health Perspectives, Vol. 109, No. 10, October 2001
Most of the Gold Mining Industry Is 'Under Water'; Gold Fields Chief Expects Write-Downs By Crowley, Kevin Cape Times (South Africa), November 21, 2014
Since the spring of 1989, the American economy has grown either weakly or not at all. And all through this period, what economists call real interest rates _ the difference between interest rates on borrowed money and the inflation rate _ have remained high. High real rates are usually seen as a threat to economic activity and an obstacle to a strong recovery after recession.
The real test of the impact of interest rates is their level in relation to inflation. If the prime rate is 10 percent while inflation is rising at an 8 percent rate, then the pinch on consumers is less than if the prime rate is at 8.5 percent, but expected inflation is only 4.5 percent, the present levels for both.
The closer the two rates are to each other, the greater the likelihood that salaries and prices will rise sufficiently to offset the cost of a loan.
Economists typically arrive at real rates by looking at the rates on such things as car loans, mortgages, and Treasury bills and notes, and then subtracting the expected inflation rate. But like so many generalizations in economics, the broad rules about real interest rates fail to adequately reflect their actual impact on individuals.
As Albert Wojnilower, a senior economist at First Boston Asset Management, puts it, "People have to look at their own personal rate of inflation in income and expenses to know what real rates mean to them."
A home buyer who takes a $100,000 mortgage at a cost of 9 percent annually, for example, is hurt if his $100,000 income rises by only 3 percent in the first year of the mortgage. The salary increase is the home buyer's personal rate of inflation in determining the mortgage's real cost. In this case, the rise in salary covers only $3,000 of the $9,000 interest payment.
The buyer's initial real interest rate, then, is 6 percent, and he has to draw from savings, or reduce other expenditures, to cover the cost.
Many Americans are in this fix, which helps to explain why home sales are not booming. Similarly, real rates are high on most auto loans and on credit-card debt.
Or take a clothing store owner who borrows $100,000 at 8.5 percent to stock shirts and pants for the coming year. If he can mark up this merchandise by at least 8.5 percent, or $8,500, then the real interst rate on his loan is zero. But if, like many retailers today, he is forced by weak demand to discount his wares, selling them finally for only the $100,000 purchase price, then the real interest rate on the money he borrowed is high: 8.5 percent.
Such high real costs help to explain why many businessmen are not yet rushing to build up inventories as the recession appears to be ending. …
Nine - Between Hospitality and Hostility: Crossing Balkan Borders in Adela Peeva's Whose Is This Song? 239
Ten - Borders of the Art World, Boundaries of the Artwork: on [Contemporary Art from the Islamic World] 259
German Professionals in the United States: A Gendered Analysis of the Migration Decision of Highly Skilled Families - 2012, Page iii by Astrid Eich-Krohm. | Online Research Library: Questia
German Professionals in the United States: A Gendered Analysis of the Migration Decision of Highly Skilled Families