passenger miles passenger miles passenger miles passenger miles passenger miles passenger miles passenger miles passenger miles passenger miles passenger miles passenger miles passenger miles passenger miles short ton miles
vehicle kilometers vehicle kilometers vehicle kilometers vehicle kilometers vehicle kilometers vehicle kilometers vehicle kilometers vehicle kilometers vehicle kilometers vehicle kilometers vehicle kilometers
Air Travel factors for flights with different distances Passenger calculations for bus travel based on ridership
[Based on Emission Factors provided by DEFRA (Table 9, Environmental Reporting - Guidelines for Company Reporting on GHG Emissions) for short haul and long haul flights] (DEFRA & US - DOT)
For most activities, the reporting worksheets include all the detail needed including default emission factors. The tables given below are provided as a general resource for those users w ho may wish to develop custom factors, or trace the derivation of factors given. Home/Summary
a Included in passenger car. b For 1995 and subsequent years, highway passenger-miles were taken directly from Highway Statistics rather than derived from vehicle-miles and average occupancy, as is the case for 1960-1994. KEY: Btu = British thermal unit; N = data do not exist; P = preliminary; R = revised. NOTES: To calculate total Btu, multiply fuel consumed (see tables 4-21, 4-22, 4-24, 4-25) by 135,000 Btu/gallon for air carrier, 125,000 Btu/gallon for passenger car, other 2-axle 4-tire vehicle, and motorcycle, and 138,700 Btu/gallon for transit motor bus and Amtrak. SOURCES: Air: Certificated air carriers: Passenger-miles: 1960-99: Air Transport Association, Internet site http://www.air-transport.org/public/industry, as of July 5, 2000. Fuel consumed: 1960-99: U.S. Department of Transportation, Bureau of Transportation Statistics, Office of Airline Information, Internet site http://www.bts.gov/oai/fuel/fuelyearly.html, as of July 5, 2000. Highway Passenger car: 1960-94: U.S. Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration, Highway Statistics Summary to 1995, FHWA-PL-97-009 (Washington, DC: July 1997), table VM-201A. 1995-98: Ibid. Highway Statistics (Washington, DC: Annual issues), table VM-1. Other 2-axle 4-tire vehicle: 1970-94: Ibid., Highway Statistics Summary to 1995, FHWA-PL-97-009 (Washington, DC: July 1997), table VM-201A. 1995-98: Ibid., Highway Statistics (Washington, DC: Annual issues), table VM-1. Motorcycle: 1970-85: Ibid., Highway Statistics Summary to 1985, FHWA-PL-97-009 (Washington, DC: July 1997), table VM-201A. 1990-98: Ibid., Highway Statistics (Washington, DC: Annual issues), table VM-1. Transit motor bus: 1980-98: American Public Transportation Association, Public Transportation Fact Book (Washington, DC: March 2000), tables 30, 42; and 65. Amtrak: 1975-98: Amtrak, State and Local Affairs Department, personal communications.
U.S. owned carriers only. Operation of foreign-o wned carriers in or out of the United States not included. Calculation based on unrounded figures not shown here.
KEY: Btu = British thermal unit; P = preliminary; R = revised NOTES: Aircraft-miles includes all four air-carrier groups (majors, nationals, large regionals, and medium regionals), scheduled and charter, passenger, and all-cargo. Fuel consumed includes majors, nationals, and large regionals, scheduled and charter, passenger, and all-cargo. Passenger-miles includes all four air-carrier groups, scheduled and charter, passenger service only. International operations include operations outside the United States, including those between the United States and foreign countries and the United States and its territories or possessions. Heat equivalent factor used for Btu conversion is 135,000 Btu/gallon. SOURCES: Aircraft-miles, available seat-miles, passenger-miles, and load factor: 1960-80: Air Transport Association, Internet site http://www.air-transport.org/public/industry, as of July 5, 2000. 1985-98: U.S. Department of Transportation, Bureau of Transportation Statistics, Office of Airline Information, Air Carrier Traffic Statistics (Washington DC: Annual December issues). 1960-99: U.S. Department of Transportation, Bureau of Transportation Statistics, Office of Airline Information, Internet site http://www.bts.gov/oai/fuel/fuelyearly.html, as of July 5, 2000. Seats per aircraft, seat-miles per gallon, and energy intensiveness: Derived by calculation.
Class I railroads are those that have operating revenues of $255 million or more. NOTE: The heat equivalent factor used for Btu conversion is 138,700 Btu/gallon.
KEY: Btu = British thermal unit SOURCE: Association of American Railroads, Railroad Facts (Washington, DC: November 2000), pp. 34, 37, and 40.
The following values are drawn from "Comprehensive Truck Size and Weight (TS&W) Study" Phase 1-Synthesis, Working Paper 12, Feb, 1995, by Batelle Team for Federal Highway Admin and US Dept of Transportation Study summarized For year Truck Rail Ratio kJ/tonne-km Rail to Truck Truck to Rail Bronzinei, pg 6 1972 1,693 496 0.29 3.41 Rose, pg 6 1977 2045 636 0.31 3.22 Transport Canada 1976 1631 396 0.24 4.12 Kahn ? 1357 313 0.23 4.34 US DOT/FRA Rail vs Truck Efficiency: The Relative Fuel Efficiency of Truck Competitive Rail Freight and Truck Operations Compared in a range of corridors (1991) Container truck Rail Ratio 1. This factor is very general and should only be used if more specific data is not available. Data on specifc a fleet, equipment per gallon ton miles type, company, transportation contractor, region, national, etc will often be more accurate (fleet-specific is generally most accurate, while national factors are generally least accurate). Steps Range: 90-140 300-1000 should be taken to determine appropriate, accurate factors for your specific situation. Compare at: 110 400 3.64 In comparison with other data sources, this factor 4 times more efficient end of the per ton-mile or tonne-km. 1 These comparative studies suggest rail is 3 to may be near the smallerthat trucks spectrum of estimates of freight weight-distance factors. US Dept. of Energy data suggests that US is estimated at freight wide kg CO2/tonne-km is Therefore truck freight economy truck 3.6 times .02 kg CO2/tonne_km 2 to 3.5 times larger than .72 kg CO2/tonne-km. (Transportation Energy Data Book, 23rd Ed., US DOE, Tables 2.14, 2.15, A.6. http://www-cta.ornl.gov/data/Index.html). However, this tool continue to cite this factor as a general estimate based on peerreviewed studies.
When I save the file, I get a message from Excel saying it is in an earlier version. What do I do? This workbook was deliberately designed as an Excel 95 file, so that users with Excel 95 could use it. You may sav in any version of Excel (5/95 or higher), but if saved as a Excel 97 document, someone using Excel 95 will not be ab You may click either the yes or the no buttons on the dialog box that Excel presents when you save the file. I get a message from Excel saying a cell is protected. What do I do? Worksheets have been protected to restrict data entry to cells shaded yellow and light blue. If you must unprotect a go to the Tools menu and select the Protection subcommand. Select the option to unprotect sheet, which toggles. When the file was distributed, there was no password. Generally, keep worksheets protected to prevent errors. To make a cell editable when the sheet is protected, first unprotect the sheet. Then select the cell, and using the Fo activate the protection tab on the command dialog box and make sure the Locked option is not checked. (It toggles re-protect the worksheet using the Tools Protection Command. How can I insert rows (without messing up the twisties and the rows they collapse and hide)? Select a data entry row you would like to copy, then click on the "Add a Line" button located near the top of each wo How can I delete a row? We are not expecting users to delete rows. However, if you wish to delete a row, select the entire row and delete it Deleting a row will create errors, because it confuses the numbering scheme in hidden column A that is used to disp number of rows in each section. To rememdy these errors, after deleting a row, USE THE TOOLS/ MACRO COMM and run the FIX ROWS macro before re-protecting the worksheet. This updates the row numbering scheme in hidd column A, which is used so the "Twisties" can open and close the correct number of rows in the section below them The workbook pauses to calculate each time I add a number. Can I speed this up? Under the tools menu, select the Options subcommand, then the tab labeled Calculation. Set calculation to manua turns off Excel's default setting which is to recalculate the entire sheet with every change. Enter as much data as yo press on the F9 button to calculate the entire worksheet at once.
ue. If you must unprotect a worksheet, otect sheet, which toggles. ected to prevent errors. ct the cell, and using the Format Cell command is not checked. (It toggles). Finally,
the entire row and delete it using the Edit menu delete command. olumn A that is used to display and collapse the appropriate E TOOLS/ MACRO COMMAND numbering scheme in hidden s in the section below them.
Version 1.2 October 2003 Added passenger train emission factors based on distance and type of service such as intercity, commuter, and subway. These are particularly applicable to commuting emission estimates. Version 1.3 January 2005 Updated Table 5.4 in the guidance to correct the "Litres fuel per km" values.
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