Any exercise will burn 1,000 calories if you work out hard enough and long enough. Photo Credit: jacoblund/iStock/GettyImages	
When it comes to increasing calorie burn, you've got two factors to manipulate: time and intensity. The longer you work and the harder you work, the more calories you'll burn.
While walking at a brisk pace for six or seven hours can burn 1,000 calories, most people don't have that kind of time. More intense exercises such as running and jumping rope will help you burn 1,000 calories per day with time left over for all the other things you have to do in your life.
The amount of calories burned in a given amount of time doing any exercise depends on a person's weight and fitness level. A heavier person typically burns more calories per minute because it takes more energy to move while exercising.
In addition, the fitter you are the fewer calories you'll burn doing the same activity as a less-conditioned person, because your heart and lungs work more efficiently to supply fresh blood and oxygen to your working muscles.
Therefore, a heavier person who is very fit could burn fewer calories than a lighter person who is deconditioned. Wearing a heart rate monitor can help you accurately calculate your calories burned.
Running is a tough activity that burns a large amount of calories in a short amount of time. More physically demanding than jogging, running is typically done at a pace of 5 mph or faster.
According to Harvard Health estimations of calories burned for people of three different weights, a 125-lb. person running at 6 mph -- a 10-minute mile -- burns 600 calories per hour, and a 185-lb. person burns 888 calories per hour. At that rate it would take you between approximately 68 and 100 minutes. Run faster than that and it will take you less time to reach your goal.
Another factor contributing to calorie burn while running is terrain. You'll burn fewer calories running on flat terrain, and considerably more if you're running a lot of hills.
As one of the highest calorie-burning exercises, jumping rope burns between 10 and 14 calories per minute for people weighing between 125 and 185 pounds.
According to Harvard Health's estimates, it will take you about the same time to burn 1,000 calories jumping rope as it will running at a pace of 6 mph. If you weigh 125 pounds you'll need to jump rope for 100 minutes, and if you weigh 185 pounds you'll only need to jump rope for 67 minutes.
Jump roping is harder to quantify in terms of pace. The faster you jump, the more revolutions per minute. The more revolutions per minute, the more calories burned. How high you jump can also alter calorie burn.
Calories burned while bicycling can vary drastically depending on speed and terrain. Going out for a leisurely bike ride, you'll have to peddle for hours to reach your 1,000-calorie goal. However if you ride fast over hilly terrain, it will take you a lot less time.
Cycling at a pace of 14 to 15.9 miles per hour, it will take you the same of amount of time to burn 1,000 calories as it would if you were running at a pace of 6 mph -- 67 to 100 minutes, depending on your weight. Pick up the pace to 16 to 19 mph and you could burn 1,000 calories in 56 to 83 minutes. Cycle up a lot of hills and you'll hit your goal in even less time.
Doing any high-intensity exercise like running, cycling fast or jump roping is difficult for most people to keep up for the entire time it would take to burn 1,000 calories.
Interval training, which combines short bursts of high-intensity exercise with recovery periods may enable you to burn more calories in less time. The theory is you can work harder during the intense periods of work because you are able to recover a bit in the recovery periods.
Interval training can be incorporated into almost any workout to help you burn more calories. For example, if you're a very conditioned runner who finds it easy to keep up a pace of 6 mph for long period of time, you can work in some sprint intervals to increase your calorie burn and potentially shave time off your workout.
Instead of running at a steady pace the whole time, try running for 2 minutes, sprinting for 1 minute, then running again for 2 minutes. Continue to alternate between the two for the remainder of your workout.
Burning 1,000 calories a day through exercising is a lot for most people. It is important to work at an appropriate level when exercising. If you're new to fitness, don't start out the gate trying to burn 1,000 calories a day. You will burn out or get injured -- or both.
If you want to push yourself one or two days a week, break your workouts up into two 500-calories sessions, doing one in the morning and one in the evening. That way you give your body some rest time in between workouts.
Antidepressants are the most commonly prescribed medication for adults ages 18 to 44 years. In addition to depression, antidepressants treat a number of other conditions, including anxiety, panic disorder and obsessive-compulsive disorder, or OCD. Sertraline hydrochloride (Zoloft) is an antidepressant that belongs to a class called selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, or SSRIs. Studies have shown sertraline to be effective for treating major depressive disorder, panic disorder, OCD, post-traumatic stress disorder and social anxiety disorder. Like other SSRIs, sertraline can have a variety of side effects. Symptoms may also occur if a person abruptly stops taking sertraline.
Sertraline hydrochloride causes side effects in a variety of body systems -- most commonly nausea, sleep disturbance, sexual dysfunction, headache, appetite changes and dry mouth. Sertraline shares many side effects with other SSRI medications. According to a February 2009 study in "Psychiatry," among 700 people taking SSRI medications, 38 percent reported side effects. The most common were sexual dysfunction, drowsiness and weight gain. Other commonly occurring SSRI side effects are palpitations or a feeling of heart fluttering, chest pain, back pain and overall muscle pain.
The most serious side effects of sertraline hydrochloride are rare. Respiratory side effects have been reported, including wheezing or difficulty breathing and -- in uncommon cases -- a decreased breathing rate and breathing cessation. Infrequently, sertraline has been associated with high or low blood pressure; rarely heart attacks have been reported. Infrequent adverse psychiatric side effects include a worsening of symptoms such as aggravated depression, aggressive behavior and, rarely, suicidal thoughts. Other rare side effects can include liver dysfunction and visual dysfunction.
Because the most common side effects of sertraline hydrochloride are sexual dysfunction and weight gain, doctors may use several strategies to reduce these problems. For example, the dose can be lowered to a level that lessens the side effect while still working to treat symptoms. Also, the medication can be changed altogether to one that is effective for the disorder but has a lower chance of sexual dysfunction or other side effects. Finally, to reduce the likelihood of weight gain, the prescribing doctor may institute a diet and exercise program.
If bothersome symptoms occur with sertraline hydrochloride use, the medication should not be stopped abruptly. Sudden discontinuation can lead to a number of symptoms that include dizziness, nausea, headaches and anxiety. Concerning side effects should be discussed with a doctor who can safely reduce the dose or even gradually stop the medication. Sertraline should not be mixed with other medications or supplements without physician supervision because a severe disorder called serotonin syndrome can occur. Serotonin syndrome is marked by a cluster of symptoms that include sweating, muscle twitching, shivering, poor coordination and confusion. If not treated, it can become life-threatening.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention: Antidepressant Use in Persons Aged 12 and Over: United States, 2005–2008	
Vitamin B12 helps in the creation of red blood cells, which deliver oxygen to cells throughout your body. Also, vitamin B12 helps to maintain the nervous system and participates in metabolism, which is the breakdown of carbohydrates, protein and fat to provide energy to operate, maintain and repair your body. When you have a vitamin B12 deficiency, you feel tired and weak. Some people develop skin rashes from vitamin B12 deficiency. Ironically, skin rashes can also occur as a response to supplement treatment for B12 deficiency.
Most people obtain sufficient B12 from the food they eat, including shellfish, fish, beef, lamb, cheese and eggs. Deficiencies usually occur when the person is missing a protein called intrinsic factor that helps them absorb vitamin B12. Several conditions can lead to problems absorbing vitamin B12, such as pernicious anemia, gastric bypass surgery, celiac disease, bacteria growth in the small intestine and Crohn’s disease. People are more prone to develop vitamin B12 deficiencies as they age. Heavy alcohol consumption and certain drugs can also disrupt B12 absorption. Vegetarians can usually get sufficient B12 from dairy they eat. Vegans must take supplements to meet their B12 needs.
Symptoms that may indicate you need supplemental vitamin B12 can include fatigue, pale skin, sore tongue, bleeding gums, weight loss, diarrhea, constipation, numbness or tingling in fingers and toes, balance problems, depression, loss of mental abilities, and for some people, skin rashes. If B12 deficiency is suspected, your physician can do a blood test to evaluate levels of B12 and likely other B vitamins including folic acid.
Often, doctors treat anemia through injections of hydroxo-B12, methyl B-12 or cyano B-12. Shots are typically given daily for a week, then once a week for a month, then monthly. You can learn how to give yourself shots or a family member can learn how to give the shots. If the anemia is not too severe, doctors may prescribe oral, sublingual — which is under-the-tongue — or nasal forms of B12 supplements. In any case, you usually cannot take too much B12. Your body absorbs what it can use, stores it in your liver and excretes the excess.
Side effects of B12 supplements are rare, according to Southern Care Healthcare Group, and generally occur with the injections and not with oral supplements. Side effects can include pain at the injection site, dizziness, diarrhea, nausea, headache, vomiting, acne and skin rash. Some people have allergic or hypersensitive responses to the injection. Allergic responses can include shortness of breath, swelling of the face, lips tongue or other body parts and rash, hives or itching. Some people have immediate responses to an injection, but for others it can take several days to several weeks of injections for the allergic responses to appear.
If you develop a rash, hives or other skin condition in response to B12 shots, speak with your doctor immediately. You may have hypersensitivity, and you will likely continue to have adverse responses as long as you continue injections. Your doctor may choose to have you try sublingual, nasal or oral forms of B12 supplements. If you discontinue B12 injections it may take as long as 4 months for your rash to clear up.
If your skin turns red vitamin B12 supplementation, you may be prone to develop photosensitivity, which is unusual sensitivity to sunlight or artificial UV rays. Avoid going out into the sun, wear sunscreen and wear protective clothing if you do go out. Speak with your doctor regarding your side effects.
You should avoid certain foods and dietary supplements before surgery. Some foods leave a residue in your digestive tract that may complicate intestinal surgeries or cause diarrhea. In addition to this, having food in your system may cause nausea and vomiting. Various types of vitamins may also cause complications during surgery. Your doctor or surgeon will give you diet advice prior to surgery.
The night before your surgery, you should only drink beverages you can see through. These beverages include lemon-lime soda, apple juice and black coffee. Your body will digest these drinks quickly so your digestive system is cleared for surgery. Avoid juice with pulp, coffee with cream, cola and milk. Pulp contains fiber which is difficult for your body to break down and stays in your body for an extended period of time. Fatty dairy beverages may also take time for your body to break down and stay in your body for awhile.
While fibrous foods are normally healthy for your body, you should not consume them prior to surgery. Fiber takes a longer period of time for your body to break down and your bowels need to be cleared out before surgery. Avoid high-fiber foods such as whole-wheat pasta, oatmeal, whole-grain bread, beans and lentils. This is referred to as a low-residue/low-fiber diet, as reported by the Hospital for Special Surgery.
Vegetables and fruits are also high in fiber and should be avoided 24 hours before surgery. According to the MayoClinic website, fiber is not easily digested by your body and it stays intact in your intestines. This residue material in your gut may complicate some types of surgeries. You should avoid high-fiber vegetables such as artichokes, peas and broccoli. Do not eat fruits including raspberries, pears, apples and oranges. If you do eat vegetables and fruits before surgery, consume varieties that have been cooked or canned. The tough fibers are broken down during processing and do not remain in your system as long.
Your doctor may recommend that you stop taking any supplements one week before surgery. Vitamin E increases blood flow in your body. According to EOrthopod, some doctors and surgeons may request that you discontinue use of vitamin E before surgery to eliminate the risk of excessive bleeding. Vitamin C also affects blood flow and causes your blood vessels to remain relaxed and open. Your physician might also ask you to discontinue consuming multivitamins between 24 hours and one week prior to surgery. Multivitamins have high amounts of vitamins E and C which may impact blood flow during surgery.
Two candidates are running for 44th Circuit Court Judge, an eight-year term. Livingston Daily asked candidates to respond to a questionnaire about key issues in the district. Candidates include L. Suzanne Geddis and Dennis Brewer.
Q: What is the single biggest issue facing the county’s circuit court system and how would you address it?
L. SUZANNE GEDDIS: I believe that the Opiate epidemic is the biggest issue facing our Courts. The number of drug driving now exceeds the number of drunk driving cases. There are people dying of overdoses. In 2017, in Livingston County alone, there were 88 overdoses, with 25 deaths. In 2016, in this country, more people died of opiate overdoses than died in the Vietnam War. This affects the criminal cases, the family law cases, and the abuse and neglect cases, and it has victims who must be helped. It affects, mainly, cases in Circuit Court. I would first insure the victims of this horrible problem are made whole for their losses. As a Judge, I will hold people accountable for their actions. I will expand our drug court to provide more opportunities for people to get the treatment that they need to save lives and prevent repeat offending.
DENNIS BREWER: The biggest issue is time. Many cases take an extended amount of time to get completed and to get preliminary matters decided. This issue is extremely prevalent in family law matters. It frequently takes an extended amount of time to have matters heard regarding child custody, parenting time and support. I have had the advantage of traveling to many different courts and have seen how other courts handle these matters. This issue can be addressed by having direct involvement by the court early on in the case where the court needs to make a decision and the parties can’t agree.
Q: How should the county’s courts balance the need for increased security with public access to the courthouses? Additionally, is the county now doing a good job of finding this balance? Please explain your answer.
GEDDIS: Increased security should never mean decreased accessibility. As we have sadly seen across the country, the need for security is not just necessary for the people who work in the courts, it is needed for the people who are using and visiting the court. Courts are often the sites for highly contested and stressful situations. Therefore, there is a need for security, and the need to ban all weapons from the court. No one should ever be denied access to the courts unless they are causing an unsafe situation. The courts belong to the people. Livingston County is doing a good job with this balance. There are officers at the entrance with metal detectors, and officers in every courtroom when court is in session. There is also a camera system in place in all of the public areas of the court building.
BREWER: Security must continue to be of paramount importance. The current procedures in place work to meet the need of increased security while meeting the needs of public access. The public’s access is met with very little intrusion and generally very expediently. As I travel to many other courts around the state and compare the process here, I believe that here in Livingston County the security needs are met with minimal effect on public access.
Q: What is your position on special treatment courts for veterans, drug users and other classes of offenders, and is the court providing enough of these services? Please explain your answer.
GEDDIS: The specialty courts are the future of our court system. With this new judgeship will come a business court, in addition to the specialty courts already in place. As a District Court Judge, I started the first sobriety court in Livingston County. I am presently the presiding Judge for our mental health court. We also have a combined sobriety court adult drug court, a veteran’s court, a juvenile drug court and a family treatment court. These courts work. They not only address the specific issues and participants they are designed to help, but they also are proven to reduce repeat offending. I believe that is important to, not only continue what we have in place, but to create new specialty courts to meet new and different needs. Specialty courts are also referred to as problem solving courts. As a Circuit Court Judge, I would like to start a domestic violence specialty court and a child support specialty court.
BREWER: I believe it is imperative to utilize specialty court programs. These programs are essential to reduce recidivism rates of offenders. These programs help to provide the treatment that certain offenders need taken into account their particular circumstance. These programs can and should be expanded.
Q: The Judicial Tenure Commission complaint against Judge Theresa Brennan and a separate State Police criminal investigation have tainted public opinion of the local courts. How does the county’s judiciary rebuild a reputation as a fair, unbiased set of courts? Explain. And, what specifically do you see your role as in this process if elected?
Q: A Michigan Supreme Court Administrative Order permits camera coverage of court proceedings, subject to judicial discretion. And state courts have placed significant limits on that discretion. What limits if any will you place camera coverage of proceedings if you are elected?
GEDDIS: I believe strongly in open access and transparency in our courts. I believe that, as judges, we are here to serve the people. The courts are here to serve the people. I always invite people to come and watch my court. I believe that social media and written coverage should always be permitted, and that camera coverage should be limited in situations where there is a danger to the victims or their family, or an issue of protecting the identity of a victim of sexual assault or juveniles. I will only limit camera access to the court in cases of interference with the proceedings, protection of the victim and safety of the public or participants, and, in other situations, where it is limited by law.
BREWER: I would follow the Supreme Court Administrative Order regarding camera coverage and any applicable Michigan Court Rule or Statute. Restrictions of camera coverage would be based on a case by case basis, attempting to keep restrictions to a minimum.
Education: BA Michigan State University James Madison College, Juris Doctorate T.M. Cooley Law School
Prior elected experience: 53rd District Court Judge, elected 2004, re-elected 2010, re-elected 2017.
Education: Graduated Cum Laude from Thomas M. Cooley Law School with a Juris Doctor and undergraduate degree from Eastern Michigan University
Campaign website and Facebook page: DennisBrewerForJudge.com; www.facebook.com/Dennisbrewerforjudge/