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Bipartisan Legislation to Update Critical Workforce Programs on Its Way to the President Jul 14, 2014
National Governors Association Issues Report on Employment for People with Disabilities Sep 10, 2013
Dopamine (DA) is released in large quantities into the corpus striatum during cerebral ischemia and may exacerbate tissue damage. Using cerebral microdialysis, we studied the effect of etomidate on in vivo ischemia-induced DA release in rat corpus striatum. Reversible cerebral ischemia was induced by using carotid ligatures and hypovolemic hypotension, and monitored with laser Doppler flowmetry. After baseline measurements, 20 normothermic, anesthetized rats were subjected to three separate periods of cerebral ischemia, interrupted by 45− to 75-min periods of reperfusion. The rats were randomized into two groups. All rats received 400 mg/kg of intraperitoneal chloral hydrate for induction of anesthesia. In Group I (n = 10) anesthesia was maintained using additional intraperitoneal chloral hydrate 100 mg/kg every 2 h. Group II received etomidate 0.6 mg/kg 10 min before the first episode of cerebral ischemia, followed by an infusion of 60 μg·kg−1·min−1. Before each subsequent period of induced ischemia, an additional dose of etomidate (0.6 mg/kg) was administered. DA levels were approximately 350 times above baseline in Group I during the three ischemic episodes (IS1, IS2, and IS3). In Group II, ischemia-induced DA release was significantly attenuated (by 79%) during ISI, IS2, and IS3 compared to Group I (P < 0.01). DA levels did not significantly change in magnitude during the three ischemic episodes in either group. The levels of the DA metabolites 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC) and homovanillic acid (HVA) were reduced by 40%–70% during IS1, IS2, and IS3 (compared to the baseline and first and second reperfusion periods) in Group I, with a significantly smaller decline during IS1, IS2, and IS3 in Group II. Thus etomidate significantly reduced the magnitude of ischemia-induced DA release, whereas DA metabolism was preserved. We believe that this phenomenon is related to etomidate's brain protective profile.
By using a model of heme overload in Hx-null mice, we demonstrated that heme excess in plasma, if not bound to Hx, promoted the production of reactive oxygen species and the induction of adhesion molecules and caused the reduction of nitric oxide availability. Then, we used β-thalassemia and sickle cell disease mice as models of hemolytic diseases to evaluate the efficacy of an Hx-based therapy in the treatment of vascular dysfunction related to heme overload. Our data demonstrated that Hx prevented heme-iron loading in the cardiovascular system, thus limiting the production of reactive oxygen species, the induction of adhesion molecules, and the oxidative inactivation of nitric oxide synthase/nitric oxide, and promoted heme recovery and detoxification by the liver mainly through the induction of heme oxygenase activity. Moreover, we showed that in sickle cell disease mice, endothelial activation and oxidation were associated with increased blood pressure and altered cardiac function, and the administration of exogenous Hx was found to almost completely normalize these parameters.
Hemopexin treatment is a promising novel therapy to protect against heme-induced cardiovascular dysfunction in hemolytic disorders.
Jones' theory of tear drainage suggests that the lacrimal sac fills when the eyelids are closed and empties when the eyelids are opened. This study was undertaken to see if there is any change in the volume of the lacrimal sac during eyelid closure and opening using images obtained from magnetic resonance dacryocystography using a topical magnetic resonance contrast agent.
This is a prospective non-randomized comparative study in a tertiary hospital setting. Magnetic resonance dacryocystography scans were performed on five volunteers using 0.5% topical gadolinium-DTPA (MagneVist, Schering AG, Berlin, Germany) as a contrast agent. A T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging scan with 2-mm contiguous coronal cuts was performed after localizing the lacrimal sac and instilling the contrast agent. The scans were performed with eyelids closed and opened. Volumes of 10 lacrimal sacs of five volunteers were calculated using pixel calibration and computer graphics.
No statistical difference in size of the lacrimal sacs was demonstrable between when the eyes were opened and when they were shut.
The present study could not demonstrate any volume change in the sac between eyelid closure and opening. Magnetic resonance imaging dacryocystography measures sac volume at two static end-points, so it cannot show any transient volume change that might occur during blinking. Various factors that may be affecting tear flow through the nasolacrimal system are discussed.
These techniques are based on an ideology created by Andrew Taylor Still which explains the existence of myofascial continuity, a tissue layer that connects all parts of the body. The combination of Osteopathy and Osteopathic medicine techniques distinguishing from other fields of medicine is Osteopathic manipulative medicine. Parts of osteopathy, such as cranial therapy have been labelled pseudoscience and are said to have no therapeutic value.
Manipulation of persons bones and muscles in the treatment of somatic dysfunction and diagnosis by the non-physician osteopaths and osteopathic physicians to address a variety of ailments. OMT techniques are commonly used techniques to treat musculoskeletal issues and back pain. It is less effective in treating asthma and Parkinson's disease.