CVE-2016-2045 (published 2016-02-20T01:59Z)

Cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerability in the SQL editor in phpMyAdmin 4.5.x before 4.5.4 allows remote authenticated users to inject arbitrary web script or HTML via a SQL query that triggers JSON data in a response.

Severity: LOW
CVSS v2 base score: 3.5 (AV:N/AC:M/Au:S/C:N/I:P/A:N)
CVSS v3 base score: 5.4, MEDIUM (CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N)

Weakness information:
cwe_id: CWE-79
cwe_name: Improper Neutralization of Input During Web Page Generation ('Cross-site Scripting')
description: The product does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes user-controllable input before it is placed in output that is used as a web page that is served to other users.
extended_description: 
            Cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerabilities occur when:
            
               Untrusted data enters a web application, typically from a web request.
               The web application dynamically generates a web page that contains this untrusted data.
               During page generation, the application does not prevent the data from containing content that is executable by a web browser, such as JavaScript, HTML tags, HTML attributes, mouse events, Flash, ActiveX, etc.
               A victim visits the generated web page through a web browser, which contains malicious script that was injected using the untrusted data.
               Since the script comes from a web page that was sent by the web server, the victim's web browser executes the malicious script in the context of the web server's domain.
               This effectively violates the intention of the web browser's same-origin policy, which states that scripts in one domain should not be able to access resources or run code in a different domain.
            
            There are three main kinds of XSS:
            
               
                  Type 1: Reflected XSS (or Non-Persistent) - 
         			The server reads data directly from the HTTP request and reflects it back in the HTTP response. Reflected XSS exploits occur when an attacker causes a victim to supply dangerous content to a vulnerable web application, which is then reflected back to the victim and executed by the web browser. The most common mechanism for delivering malicious content is to include it as a parameter in a URL that is posted publicly or e-mailed directly to the victim. URLs constructed in this manner constitute the core of many phishing schemes, whereby an attacker convinces a victim to visit a URL that refers to a vulnerable site. After the site reflects the attacker's content back to the victim, the content is executed by the victim's browser.
               
                  Type 2: Stored XSS (or Persistent) - 
               The application stores dangerous data in a database, message forum, visitor log, or other trusted data store. At a later time, the dangerous data is subsequently read back into the application and included in dynamic content. From an attacker's perspective, the optimal place to inject malicious content is in an area that is displayed to either many users or particularly interesting users. Interesting users typically have elevated privileges in the application or interact with sensitive data that is valuable to the attacker. If one of these users executes malicious content, the attacker may be able to perform privileged operations on behalf of the user or gain access to sensitive data belonging to the user. For example, the attacker might inject XSS into a log message, which might not be handled properly when an administrator views the logs.
            
               
                  Type 0: DOM-Based XSS - 
               In DOM-based XSS, the client performs the injection of XSS into the page; in the other types, the server performs the injection. DOM-based XSS generally involves server-controlled, trusted script that is sent to the client, such as Javascript that performs sanity checks on a form before the user submits it. If the server-supplied script processes user-supplied data and then injects it back into the web page (such as with dynamic HTML), then DOM-based XSS is possible.
            
            
            Once the malicious script is injected, the attacker can perform a variety of malicious activities. The attacker could transfer private information, such as cookies that may include session information, from the victim's machine to the attacker. The attacker could send malicious requests to a web site on behalf of the victim, which could be especially dangerous to the site if the victim has administrator privileges to manage that site. Phishing attacks could be used to emulate trusted web sites and trick the victim into entering a password, allowing the attacker to compromise the victim's account on that web site. Finally, the script could exploit a vulnerability in the web browser itself possibly taking over the victim's machine, sometimes referred to as "drive-by hacking."
            In many cases, the attack can be launched without the victim even being aware of it. Even with careful users, attackers frequently use a variety of methods to encode the malicious portion of the attack, such as URL encoding or Unicode, so the request looks less suspicious.
         
         

Fix information:
repo_url: https://github.com/phpmyadmin/phpmyadmin
commit_details: repo_url: https://github.com/phpmyadmin/phpmyadmin
author: Michal Čihař
author_date: 2016-01-18 09:24:23+01:00
msg: Set correct content type for JSON responses

Signed-off-by: Michal Čihař <michal@cihar.com>
repository: repo_url: https://github.com/phpmyadmin/phpmyadmin
repo_name: phpmyadmin/phpmyadmin
description: A web interface for MySQL and MariaDB
repo_language: PHP
owner: phpmyadmin
file_changes: filename: import_status.php
change_type: ModificationType.MODIFY
diff: @@ -75,12 +75,12 @@
 }
  */
 
-// AJAX requests can't be cached!
-PMA_noCacheHeader();
-
 // $_GET["message"] is used for asking for an import message
 if (isset($_GET["message"]) && $_GET["message"]) {
 
+    // AJAX requests can't be cached!
+    PMA_noCacheHeader();
+
     header('Content-type: text/html');
 
     // wait 0.3 sec before we check for $_SESSION variable,

programming_language: PHP
filename: Response.class.php
change_type: ModificationType.MODIFY
diff: @@ -369,10 +369,7 @@ private function _ajaxResponse()
 
         // Set the Content-Type header to JSON so that jQuery parses the
         // response correctly.
-        if (! defined('TESTSUITE')) {
-            header('Cache-Control: no-cache');
-            header('Content-Type: application/json');
-        }
+        PMA_headerJSON();
 
         echo json_encode($this->_JSON);
     }

programming_language: PHP
filename: core.lib.php
change_type: ModificationType.MODIFY
diff: @@ -630,6 +630,26 @@ function PMA_sendHeaderLocation($uri, $use_refresh = false)
     }
 }
 
+/**
+ * Outputs application/json headers. This includes no caching.
+ *
+ * @return void
+ */
+function PMA_headerJSON()
+{
+    if (defined('TESTSUITE') && ! defined('PMA_TEST_HEADERS')) {
+        return;
+    }
+    // No caching
+    PMA_noCacheHeader();
+    // MIME type
+    header('Content-Type: application/json; charset=UTF-8');
+    // Disable content sniffing in browser
+    // This is needed in case we include HTML in JSON, browser might assume it's
+    // html to display
+    header('X-Content-Type-Options: nosniff');
+}
+
 /**
  * Outputs headers to prevent caching in browser (and on the way).
  *

programming_language: PHP
filename: display_import_ajax.lib.php
change_type: ModificationType.MODIFY
diff: @@ -121,7 +121,7 @@ function PMA_Import_nopluginCheck()
   */
 function PMA_importAjaxStatus($id)
 {
-    header('Content-type: application/json');
+    PMA_headerJSON();
     echo json_encode(
         $_SESSION[$GLOBALS['SESSION_KEY']]['handler']::getUploadStatus($id)
     );

programming_language: PHP
filename: lint.php
change_type: ModificationType.MODIFY
diff: @@ -31,7 +31,8 @@
 $sql_query = !empty($_POST['sql_query']) ? $_POST['sql_query'] : '';
 
 // Disabling standard response.
-$response = PMA_Response::getInstance();
-$response->disable();
+PMA_Response::getInstance()->disable();
+
+PMA_headerJSON();
 
 echo json_encode(PMA_Linter::lint($sql_query));

programming_language: PHP
filename: normalization.php
change_type: ModificationType.MODIFY
diff: @@ -60,6 +60,8 @@
     $dependencies = json_decode($_REQUEST['pd']);
     $tables = json_decode($_REQUEST['tables']);
     $newTables = PMA_getHtmlForNewTables3NF($dependencies, $tables, $db);
+    PMA_Response::getInstance()->disable();
+    PMA_headerJSON();
     echo json_encode($newTables);
     exit;
 }

programming_language: PHP
filename: validate.php
change_type: ModificationType.MODIFY
diff: @@ -14,7 +14,7 @@
 $validators = array();
 require './libraries/config/Validator.class.php';
 
-header('Content-type: application/json');
+PMA_headerJSON();
 
 $ids = isset($_POST['id']) ? $_POST['id'] : null;
 $vids = explode(',', $ids);

programming_language: PHP
filename: version_check.php
change_type: ModificationType.MODIFY
diff: @@ -13,7 +13,7 @@
 require_once 'libraries/VersionInformation.php';
 
 // Always send the correct headers
-header('Content-type: application/json; charset=UTF-8');
+PMA_headerJSON();
 
 $versionInformation = new VersionInformation();
 $versionDetails = $versionInformation->getLatestVersion();

programming_language: PHP
repo_url: https://github.com/phpmyadmin/phpmyadmin
commit_details: repo_url: https://github.com/phpmyadmin/phpmyadmin
author: Michal Čihař
author_date: 2016-01-19 10:17:20+01:00
msg: Tell jQuery we're expecting JSON here

It's better to be explicit rather than relying on autodetection.

Signed-off-by: Michal Čihař <michal@cihar.com>
repository: repo_url: https://github.com/phpmyadmin/phpmyadmin
repo_name: phpmyadmin/phpmyadmin
description: A web interface for MySQL and MariaDB
repo_language: PHP
owner: phpmyadmin
file_changes: filename: sql-lint.js
change_type: ModificationType.MODIFY
diff: @@ -6,9 +6,7 @@ CodeMirror.sqlLint = function(text, updateLinting, options, cm) {
         return;
     }
 
-    function handleResponse(json) {
-        response = JSON.parse(json);
-
+    function handleResponse(response) {
         var found = [];
         for (var idx in response) {
             found.push({
@@ -29,6 +27,7 @@ CodeMirror.sqlLint = function(text, updateLinting, options, cm) {
     $.ajax({
         method: "POST",
         url: "lint.php",
+        dataType: 'json',
         data: {
             sql_query: text,
             token: PMA_commonParams.get('token'),

programming_language: TypeScript