CVE-2016-5429 (published 2016-09-03T20:59Z)

jose-php before 2.2.1 does not use constant-time operations for HMAC comparison, which makes it easier for remote attackers to obtain sensitive information via a timing attack, related to JWE.php and JWS.php.

Severity: MEDIUM
CVSS v2 base score: 4.3 (AV:N/AC:M/Au:N/C:P/I:N/A:N)
CVSS v3 base score: 3.7, LOW (CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N)

Weakness information:
cwe_id: CWE-200
cwe_name: Exposure of Sensitive Information to an Unauthorized Actor
description: The product exposes sensitive information to an actor that is not explicitly authorized to have access to that information.
extended_description: 
	   There are many different kinds of mistakes that introduce information exposures. The severity of the error can range widely, depending on the context in which the product operates, the type of sensitive information that is revealed, and the benefits it may provide to an attacker.  Some kinds of sensitive information include:
       
         private, personal information, such as personal messages, financial data, health records, geographic location, or contact details
         system status and environment, such as the operating system and installed packages
		 business secrets and intellectual property
		 network status and configuration
		 the product's own code or internal state
         metadata, e.g. logging of connections or message headers
		 indirect information, such as a discrepancy between two internal operations that can be observed by an outsider
       
	    Information might be sensitive to different parties, each of which may have their own expectations for whether the information should be protected.  These parties include:
               
                  the product's own users
                  people or organizations whose information is created or used by the product, even if they are not direct product users
		  the product's administrators, including the admins of the system(s) and/or networks on which the product operates
                  the developer
               
	    Information exposures can occur in different ways:
               
                  the code explicitly inserts sensitive information into resources or messages that are intentionally made accessible to unauthorized actors, but should not contain the information - i.e., the information should have been "scrubbed" or "sanitized"
                  a different weakness or mistake indirectly inserts the sensitive information into resources, such as a web script error revealing the full system path of the program.
                  the code manages resources that intentionally contain sensitive information, but the resources are unintentionally made accessible to unauthorized actors. In this case, the information exposure is resultant - i.e., a different weakness enabled the access to the information in the first place.
               
	    It is common practice to describe any loss of confidentiality as an "information exposure," but this can lead to overuse of CWE-200 in CWE mapping. From the CWE perspective, loss of confidentiality is a technical impact that can arise from dozens of different weaknesses, such as insecure file permissions or out-of-bounds read.  CWE-200 and its lower-level descendants are intended to cover the mistakes that occur in behaviors that explicitly manage, store, transfer, or cleanse sensitive information.
         
         

Fix information:
repo_url: https://github.com/nov/jose-php
commit_details: repo_url: https://github.com/nov/jose-php
author: nov
author_date: 2016-08-31 01:03:07+09:00
msg: one more hash_equals, and better CEK decryption error handling
repository: repo_url: https://github.com/nov/jose-php
repo_name: nov/jose-php
description: PHP JOSE Library (JWT, JWS, JWE, JWK, JWK Set, JWK Thumbprint are supported)
repo_language: PHP
owner: nov
file_changes: filename: JWE.php
change_type: ModificationType.MODIFY
diff: @@ -168,6 +168,8 @@ class JOSE_JWE extends JOSE_JWT {
     }
 
     private function decryptContentEncryptionKey($private_key_or_secret) {
+        $this->generateContentEncryptionKey(null); # NOTE: run this always not to make timing difference
+        $fake_content_encryption_key = $this->content_encryption_key;
         switch ($this->header['alg']) {
             case 'RSA1_5':
                 $rsa = $this->rsa($private_key_or_secret, RSA::ENCRYPTION_PKCS1);
@@ -194,7 +196,7 @@ class JOSE_JWE extends JOSE_JWT {
             #  Not to disclose timing difference between CEK decryption error and others.
             #  Mitigating Bleichenbacher Attack on PKCS#1 v1.5
             #  ref.) http://inaz2.hatenablog.com/entry/2016/01/26/222303
-            $this->generateContentEncryptionKey(null);
+            $this->content_encryption_key = $fake_content_encryption_key;
         }
     }
 
@@ -282,7 +284,7 @@ class JOSE_JWE extends JOSE_JWT {
     }
 
     private function checkAuthenticationTag() {
-        if ($this->authentication_tag === $this->calculateAuthenticationTag()) {
+        if (hash_equals($this->authentication_tag, $this->calculateAuthenticationTag())) {
             return true;
         } else {
             throw new JOSE_Exception_UnexpectedAlgorithm('Invalid authentication tag');

programming_language: PHP
repo_url: https://github.com/nov/jose-php
commit_details: repo_url: https://github.com/nov/jose-php
author: nov
author_date: 2016-08-30 10:37:36+09:00
msg: explicit alg check & secure hash comparison
repository: repo_url: https://github.com/nov/jose-php
repo_name: nov/jose-php
description: PHP JOSE Library (JWT, JWS, JWE, JWK, JWK Set, JWK Thumbprint are supported)
repo_language: PHP
owner: nov
file_changes: filename: JWS.php
change_type: ModificationType.MODIFY
diff: @@ -122,14 +122,20 @@ class JOSE_JWS extends JOSE_JWT {
         $segments = explode('.', $this->raw);
         $signature_base_string = implode('.', array($segments[0], $segments[1]));
         if (!$expected_alg) {
-            # NOTE: might better to warn here
             $expected_alg = $this->header['alg'];
+            $using_autodetected_alg = true;
         }
         switch ($expected_alg) {
             case 'HS256':
             case 'HS384':
             case 'HS512':
-                return $this->signature === hash_hmac($this->digest(), $signature_base_string, $public_key_or_secret, true);
+                if ($using_autodetected_alg) {
+                    throw new JOSE_Exception_UnexpectedAlgorithm(
+                        'HMAC algs MUST be explicitly specified as $expected_alg'
+                    );
+                }
+                $hmac_hash = hash_hmac($this->digest(), $signature_base_string, $public_key_or_secret, true);
+                return hash_equals($this->signature, $hmac_hash);
             case 'RS256':
             case 'RS384':
             case 'RS512':

programming_language: PHP