CVE-2013-2061 (published 2013-11-18T02:55Z)

The openvpn_decrypt function in crypto.c in OpenVPN 2.3.0 and earlier, when running in UDP mode, allows remote attackers to obtain sensitive information via a timing attack involving an HMAC comparison function that does not run in constant time and a padding oracle attack on the CBC mode cipher.

Severity: LOW
CVSS v2 base score: 2.6 (AV:N/AC:H/Au:N/C:P/I:N/A:N)

Weakness information:
cwe_id: CWE-200
cwe_name: Exposure of Sensitive Information to an Unauthorized Actor
description: The product exposes sensitive information to an actor that is not explicitly authorized to have access to that information.
extended_description: 
	   There are many different kinds of mistakes that introduce information exposures. The severity of the error can range widely, depending on the context in which the product operates, the type of sensitive information that is revealed, and the benefits it may provide to an attacker.  Some kinds of sensitive information include:
       
         private, personal information, such as personal messages, financial data, health records, geographic location, or contact details
         system status and environment, such as the operating system and installed packages
		 business secrets and intellectual property
		 network status and configuration
		 the product's own code or internal state
         metadata, e.g. logging of connections or message headers
		 indirect information, such as a discrepancy between two internal operations that can be observed by an outsider
       
	    Information might be sensitive to different parties, each of which may have their own expectations for whether the information should be protected.  These parties include:
               
                  the product's own users
                  people or organizations whose information is created or used by the product, even if they are not direct product users
		  the product's administrators, including the admins of the system(s) and/or networks on which the product operates
                  the developer
               
	    Information exposures can occur in different ways:
               
                  the code explicitly inserts sensitive information into resources or messages that are intentionally made accessible to unauthorized actors, but should not contain the information - i.e., the information should have been "scrubbed" or "sanitized"
                  a different weakness or mistake indirectly inserts the sensitive information into resources, such as a web script error revealing the full system path of the program.
                  the code manages resources that intentionally contain sensitive information, but the resources are unintentionally made accessible to unauthorized actors. In this case, the information exposure is resultant - i.e., a different weakness enabled the access to the information in the first place.
               
	    It is common practice to describe any loss of confidentiality as an "information exposure," but this can lead to overuse of CWE-200 in CWE mapping. From the CWE perspective, loss of confidentiality is a technical impact that can arise from dozens of different weaknesses, such as insecure file permissions or out-of-bounds read.  CWE-200 and its lower-level descendants are intended to cover the mistakes that occur in behaviors that explicitly manage, store, transfer, or cleanse sensitive information.
         
         

Fix information:
repo_url: https://github.com/OpenVPN/openvpn
commit_details: repo_url: https://github.com/OpenVPN/openvpn
author: Steffan Karger
author_date: 2013-03-19 13:01:50+01:00
msg: Use constant time memcmp when comparing HMACs in openvpn_decrypt.

Signed-off-by: Steffan Karger <steffan.karger@fox-it.com>
Acked-by: Gert Doering <gert@greenie.muc.de>
Signed-off-by: Gert Doering <gert@greenie.muc.de>
repository: repo_url: https://github.com/OpenVPN/openvpn
repo_name: OpenVPN/openvpn
description: OpenVPN  is  an open source VPN daemon
repo_language: C
owner: OpenVPN
file_changes: filename: buffer.h
change_type: ModificationType.MODIFY
diff: @@ -668,6 +668,10 @@ buf_read_u32 (struct buffer *buf, bool *good)
     }
 }
 
+/**
+ * Compare src buffer contents with match.
+ * *NOT* constant time. Do not use when comparing HMACs.
+ */
 static inline bool
 buf_string_match (const struct buffer *src, const void *match, int size)
 {
@@ -676,6 +680,10 @@ buf_string_match (const struct buffer *src, const void *match, int size)
   return memcmp (BPTR (src), match, size) == 0;
 }
 
+/**
+ * Compare first size bytes of src buffer contents with match.
+ * *NOT* constant time. Do not use when comparing HMACs.
+ */
 static inline bool
 buf_string_match_head (const struct buffer *src, const void *match, int size)
 {

programming_language: C
filename: crypto.c
change_type: ModificationType.MODIFY
diff: @@ -65,6 +65,24 @@
 #define CRYPT_ERROR(format) \
   do { msg (D_CRYPT_ERRORS, "%s: " format, error_prefix); goto error_exit; } while (false)
 
+/**
+ * As memcmp(), but constant-time.
+ * Returns 0 when data is equal, non-zero otherwise.
+ */
+static int
+memcmp_constant_time (const void *a, const void *b, size_t size) {
+  const uint8_t * a1 = a;
+  const uint8_t * b1 = b;
+  int ret = 0;
+  size_t i;
+
+  for (i = 0; i < size; i++) {
+      ret |= *a1++ ^ *b1++;
+  }
+
+  return ret;
+}
+
 void
 openvpn_encrypt (struct buffer *buf, struct buffer work,
 		 const struct crypto_options *opt,
@@ -244,7 +262,7 @@ openvpn_decrypt (struct buffer *buf, struct buffer work,
 	  hmac_ctx_final (ctx->hmac, local_hmac);
 
 	  /* Compare locally computed HMAC with packet HMAC */
-	  if (memcmp (local_hmac, BPTR (buf), hmac_len))
+	  if (memcmp_constant_time (local_hmac, BPTR (buf), hmac_len))
 	    CRYPT_ERROR ("packet HMAC authentication failed");
 
 	  ASSERT (buf_advance (buf, hmac_len));

programming_language: C