CVE-2022-4591 (published 2022-12-17T19:15Z)

A vulnerability was found in mschaef toto up to 1.4.20. It has been declared as problematic. This vulnerability affects unknown code of the component Email Parameter Handler. The manipulation leads to cross site scripting. The attack can be initiated remotely. Upgrading to version 1.4.21 is able to address this issue. The name of the patch is 1f27f37c1a06f54a76971f70eaa6139dc139bdf9. It is recommended to upgrade the affected component. VDB-216178 is the identifier assigned to this vulnerability.

CVSS v3 base score: 6.1, MEDIUM (CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N)

Weakness information:
cwe_id: CWE-79
cwe_name: Improper Neutralization of Input During Web Page Generation ('Cross-site Scripting')
description: The product does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes user-controllable input before it is placed in output that is used as a web page that is served to other users.
extended_description: 
            Cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerabilities occur when:
            
               Untrusted data enters a web application, typically from a web request.
               The web application dynamically generates a web page that contains this untrusted data.
               During page generation, the application does not prevent the data from containing content that is executable by a web browser, such as JavaScript, HTML tags, HTML attributes, mouse events, Flash, ActiveX, etc.
               A victim visits the generated web page through a web browser, which contains malicious script that was injected using the untrusted data.
               Since the script comes from a web page that was sent by the web server, the victim's web browser executes the malicious script in the context of the web server's domain.
               This effectively violates the intention of the web browser's same-origin policy, which states that scripts in one domain should not be able to access resources or run code in a different domain.
            
            There are three main kinds of XSS:
            
               
                  Type 1: Reflected XSS (or Non-Persistent) - 
         			The server reads data directly from the HTTP request and reflects it back in the HTTP response. Reflected XSS exploits occur when an attacker causes a victim to supply dangerous content to a vulnerable web application, which is then reflected back to the victim and executed by the web browser. The most common mechanism for delivering malicious content is to include it as a parameter in a URL that is posted publicly or e-mailed directly to the victim. URLs constructed in this manner constitute the core of many phishing schemes, whereby an attacker convinces a victim to visit a URL that refers to a vulnerable site. After the site reflects the attacker's content back to the victim, the content is executed by the victim's browser.
               
                  Type 2: Stored XSS (or Persistent) - 
               The application stores dangerous data in a database, message forum, visitor log, or other trusted data store. At a later time, the dangerous data is subsequently read back into the application and included in dynamic content. From an attacker's perspective, the optimal place to inject malicious content is in an area that is displayed to either many users or particularly interesting users. Interesting users typically have elevated privileges in the application or interact with sensitive data that is valuable to the attacker. If one of these users executes malicious content, the attacker may be able to perform privileged operations on behalf of the user or gain access to sensitive data belonging to the user. For example, the attacker might inject XSS into a log message, which might not be handled properly when an administrator views the logs.
            
               
                  Type 0: DOM-Based XSS - 
               In DOM-based XSS, the client performs the injection of XSS into the page; in the other types, the server performs the injection. DOM-based XSS generally involves server-controlled, trusted script that is sent to the client, such as Javascript that performs sanity checks on a form before the user submits it. If the server-supplied script processes user-supplied data and then injects it back into the web page (such as with dynamic HTML), then DOM-based XSS is possible.
            
            
            Once the malicious script is injected, the attacker can perform a variety of malicious activities. The attacker could transfer private information, such as cookies that may include session information, from the victim's machine to the attacker. The attacker could send malicious requests to a web site on behalf of the victim, which could be especially dangerous to the site if the victim has administrator privileges to manage that site. Phishing attacks could be used to emulate trusted web sites and trick the victim into entering a password, allowing the attacker to compromise the victim's account on that web site. Finally, the script could exploit a vulnerability in the web browser itself possibly taking over the victim's machine, sometimes referred to as "drive-by hacking."
            In many cases, the attack can be launched without the victim even being aware of it. Even with careful users, attackers frequently use a variety of methods to encode the malicious portion of the attack, such as URL encoding or Unicode, so the request looks less suspicious.
         
         

Fix information:
repo_url: https://github.com/mschaef/toto
commit_details: repo_url: https://github.com/mschaef/toto
author: Mike Schaeffer
author_date: 2022-10-25 06:10:22-04:00
msg: Ensure e-mail parameters are escaped to avoid XSS attacks.
repository: repo_url: https://github.com/mschaef/toto
repo_name: mschaef/toto
description: The toto to-do list manager.
repo_language: Clojure
owner: mschaef
file_changes: filename: mail.clj
change_type: ModificationType.MODIFY
diff: @@ -19,29 +19,37 @@
 ;;
 ;; You must not remove this notice, or any other, from this software.
 
-
 (ns toto.core.mail
-  (:use hiccup.core)
+  (:use toto.core.util)
   (:require [clojure.tools.logging :as log]
-            [postal.core :as postal]))
+            [postal.core :as postal]
+            [hiccup.core :as hiccup]
+            [hiccup.util :as hiccup-util]))
+
+(defn- escape-email-params [ params ]
+  (map-values #(if (string? %)
+                 (hiccup-util/escape-html %)
+                 "")
+              params))
 
 (defn send-email [config message-info]
   (let [smtp (:smtp config)
-        {to :to subject :subject content :content params :params} message-info
-        html-content (html [:html (if (fn? content)
-                                    (content (merge config (or params {})))
-                                    content)])]
+        {:keys [ to subject content params ]} message-info
+        html-content (hiccup/html
+                      [:html
+                       (content (escape-email-params
+                                 (merge {:base-url (:base-url config)}
+                                        (or params {}))))])]
+
     (log/info "Sending mail to " to " with subject: " subject)
     (cond
       (not (:enabled smtp))
-      (do
-        (log/warn "E-mail disabled. Message not sent. Message text: ")
-        (log/warn html-content))
+      (log/warn "E-mail disabled. Message not sent. Message text: "
+                html-content)
 
       (or (nil? to) (= (count to) 0))
-      (do
-        (log/warn "No destination e-mail address. Message not send. Message text: ")
-        (log/warn html-content))
+      (log/warn "No destination e-mail address. Message not send. Message text: "
+                html-content)
 
       :else
       (postal/send-message {:host (:host smtp)

programming_language: Markdown
filename: util.clj
change_type: ModificationType.MODIFY
diff: @@ -155,3 +155,7 @@
 
 (defmacro with-thread-name [ thread-name & body ]
   `(call-with-thread-name (fn [] ~@body) ~thread-name))
+
+(defn map-values [f m]
+  (->> (map (fn [[k v]] [k (f v)]) m)
+       (into {})))

programming_language: Markdown
filename: user.clj
change_type: ModificationType.MODIFY
diff: @@ -178,7 +178,7 @@
    [:h1
     "Verification E-mail"]
    [:p
-    "Thank you for registering with " [:a {:href (:base-url (:config params))} "Toto"]
+    "Thank you for registering with " [:a {:href (:base-url params)} "Toto"]
     ", the family to-do list manager. You can verify your e-mail address by clicking"
     [:a {:href (:verify-link-url params)} " here"] "."]
    [:p
@@ -200,7 +200,7 @@
     "Unlock Password"]
    [:p
     "Click " [:a {:href (:verify-link-url params)} "here"] " to unlock your "
-    "account at " [:a {:href (:base-url (:config params))} "Toto"] ", the family "
+    "account at " [:a {:href (:base-url params)} "Toto"] ", the family "
     "to-do list manager."]])
 
 (defn- send-unlock-link [ config user-id ]
@@ -218,7 +218,7 @@
     "Reset Password"]
    [:p
     "Click " [:a {:href (:verify-link-url params)} "here"]
-    " to reset your password at " [:a {:href (:base-url (:config params))} "Toto"]
+    " to reset your password at " [:a {:href (:base-url params)} "Toto"]
     ", the family to-do list manager."]])
 
 (defn- send-reset-link [ config user-id ]

programming_language: Markdown
filename: auth.clj
change_type: ModificationType.MODIFY
diff: @@ -102,15 +102,14 @@
 (defn current-roles []
   (:roles (friend/current-authentication)))
 
-
-(defn password-change-message [ config ]
-  (let [from-mail (get-in config [:smtp :from])]
+(defn password-change-message [ params ]
+  (let [ { :keys [ from-mail ]} params ]
     [:body
      [:h1
       "Password Changed"]
      [:p
       "This mail confirms that you have changed the password for your "
-      "account at " [:a {:href (:base-url config)} "Toto"]
+      "account at " [:a {:href (:base-url params)} "Toto"]
       ", the family to-do list manager."]
      [:p
       "If this isn't something you've requested, please contact us"
@@ -121,7 +120,7 @@
                    {:to [ username ]
                     :subject "Todo - Password Changed"
                     :content password-change-message
-                    :params config}))
+                    :params { :from-mail (get-in config [:smtp :from]) }}))
 
 (defn set-user-password [ config username password ]
   (log/info "Changing password for user:" username)

programming_language: Markdown