CVE-2020-26276 (published 2020-12-17T20:15Z)

Fleet is an open source osquery manager. In Fleet before version 3.5.1, due to issues in Go's standard library XML parsing, a valid SAML response may be mutated by an attacker to modify the trusted document. This can result in allowing unverified logins from a SAML IdP. Users that configure Fleet with SSO login may be vulnerable to this issue. This issue is patched in 3.5.1. The fix was made using https://github.com/mattermost/xml-roundtrip-validator If upgrade to 3.5.1 is not possible, users should disable SSO authentication in Fleet.

Severity: MEDIUM
CVSS v2 base score: 6.8 (AV:N/AC:M/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P)
CVSS v3 base score: 9.8, CRITICAL (CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H)

Weakness information:
cwe_id: CWE-290
cwe_name: Authentication Bypass by Spoofing
description: This attack-focused weakness is caused by incorrectly implemented authentication schemes that are subject to spoofing attacks.
extended_description: 
            
            
         
         

Fix information:
repo_url: https://github.com/fleetdm/fleet
commit_details: repo_url: https://github.com/fleetdm/fleet
author: Zach Wasserman
author_date: 2020-12-15 02:14:14+00:00
msg: Merge pull request from GHSA-w3wf-cfx3-6gcx

* Update github.com/russellhaering/goxmldsig

* Update signature validation to include Mattermost XML validator
repository: repo_url: https://github.com/fleetdm/fleet
repo_name: fleetdm/fleet
description: Open-source platform for IT, security, and infrastructure teams. (Linux, macOS, Chrome, Windows, cloud, data center)
repo_language: Go
owner: fleetdm
file_changes: filename: go.mod
change_type: ModificationType.MODIFY
diff: @@ -33,12 +33,14 @@ require (
 	github.com/igm/sockjs-go/v3 v3.0.0
 	github.com/inconshreveable/mousetrap v1.0.0 // indirect
 	github.com/jmoiron/sqlx v0.0.0-20180406164412-2aeb6a910c2b
+	github.com/jonboulle/clockwork v0.2.2 // indirect
 	github.com/kolide/goose v0.0.0-20181015214854-7aebd1deb5ab
 	github.com/kolide/kit v0.0.0-20180421083548-36eb8dc43916
 	github.com/kolide/launcher v0.0.0-20180427153757-cb412b945cf7
 	github.com/kolide/osquery-go v0.0.0-20190904034940-a74aa860032d
 	github.com/lib/pq v1.2.0 // indirect
 	github.com/magiconair/properties v1.7.6 // indirect
+	github.com/mattermost/xml-roundtrip-validator v0.0.0-20201213122252-bcd7e1b9601e
 	github.com/mattn/go-isatty v0.0.12 // indirect
 	github.com/mattn/go-runewidth v0.0.8 // indirect
 	github.com/mattn/go-sqlite3 v1.11.0 // indirect
@@ -51,14 +53,14 @@ require (
 	github.com/pressly/goose v2.6.0+incompatible
 	github.com/prometheus/client_golang v0.9.3-0.20190127221311-3c4408c8b829
 	github.com/russellhaering/gosaml2 v0.3.1
-	github.com/russellhaering/goxmldsig v0.0.0-20180430223755-7acd5e4a6ef7
+	github.com/russellhaering/goxmldsig v1.1.0
 	github.com/spf13/afero v1.1.0 // indirect
 	github.com/spf13/cast v1.2.0
 	github.com/spf13/cobra v0.0.2
 	github.com/spf13/jwalterweatherman v0.0.0-20180109140146-7c0cea34c8ec // indirect
 	github.com/spf13/pflag v1.0.1 // indirect
 	github.com/spf13/viper v1.0.2
-	github.com/stretchr/testify v1.5.1
+	github.com/stretchr/testify v1.6.1
 	github.com/urfave/cli v1.22.4
 	go.opencensus.io v0.20.2 // indirect
 	golang.org/x/crypto v0.0.0-20200622213623-75b288015ac9

programming_language: Go
filename: go.sum
change_type: ModificationType.MODIFY
diff: @@ -108,6 +108,10 @@ github.com/jmoiron/sqlx v0.0.0-20180406164412-2aeb6a910c2b h1:eR1qlND4ShQ9W/Q56o
 github.com/jmoiron/sqlx v0.0.0-20180406164412-2aeb6a910c2b/go.mod h1:IiEW3SEiiErVyFdH8NTuWjSifiEQKUoyK3LNqr2kCHU=
 github.com/jonboulle/clockwork v0.1.0 h1:VKV+ZcuP6l3yW9doeqz6ziZGgcynBVQO+obU0+0hcPo=
 github.com/jonboulle/clockwork v0.1.0/go.mod h1:Ii8DK3G1RaLaWxj9trq07+26W01tbo22gdxWY5EU2bo=
+github.com/jonboulle/clockwork v0.2.0 h1:J2SLSdy7HgElq8ekSl2Mxh6vrRNFxqbXGenYH2I02Vs=
+github.com/jonboulle/clockwork v0.2.0/go.mod h1:Pkfl5aHPm1nk2H9h0bjmnJD/BcgbGXUBGnn1kMkgxc8=
+github.com/jonboulle/clockwork v0.2.2 h1:UOGuzwb1PwsrDAObMuhUnj0p5ULPj8V/xJ7Kx9qUBdQ=
+github.com/jonboulle/clockwork v0.2.2/go.mod h1:Pkfl5aHPm1nk2H9h0bjmnJD/BcgbGXUBGnn1kMkgxc8=
 github.com/jstemmer/go-junit-report v0.0.0-20190106144839-af01ea7f8024/go.mod h1:6v2b51hI/fHJwM22ozAgKL4VKDeJcHhJFhtBdhmNjmU=
 github.com/julienschmidt/httprouter v1.2.0/go.mod h1:SYymIcj16QtmaHHD7aYtjjsJG7VTCxuUUipMqKk8s4w=
 github.com/kisielk/gotool v1.0.0/go.mod h1:XhKaO+MFFWcvkIS/tQcRk01m1F5IRFswLeQ+oQHNcck=
@@ -129,6 +133,8 @@ github.com/kr/text v0.1.0/go.mod h1:4Jbv+DJW3UT/LiOwJeYQe1efqtUx/iVham/4vfdArNI=
 github.com/lib/pq v1.2.0/go.mod h1:5WUZQaWbwv1U+lTReE5YruASi9Al49XbQIvNi/34Woo=
 github.com/magiconair/properties v1.7.6 h1:U+1DqNen04MdEPgFiIwdOUiqZ8qPa37xgogX/sd3+54=
 github.com/magiconair/properties v1.7.6/go.mod h1:PppfXfuXeibc/6YijjN8zIbojt8czPbwD3XqdrwzmxQ=
+github.com/mattermost/xml-roundtrip-validator v0.0.0-20201213122252-bcd7e1b9601e h1:qqXczln0qwkVGcpQ+sQuPOVntt2FytYarXXxYSNJkgw=
+github.com/mattermost/xml-roundtrip-validator v0.0.0-20201213122252-bcd7e1b9601e/go.mod h1:qccnGMcpgwcNaBnxqpJpWWUiPNr5H3O8eDgGV9gT5To=
 github.com/mattn/go-colorable v0.1.4 h1:snbPLB8fVfU9iwbbo30TPtbLRzwWu6aJS6Xh4eaaviA=
 github.com/mattn/go-colorable v0.1.4/go.mod h1:U0ppj6V5qS13XJ6of8GYAs25YV2eR4EVcfRqFIhoBtE=
 github.com/mattn/go-isatty v0.0.8/go.mod h1:Iq45c/XA43vh69/j3iqttzPXn0bhXyGjM0Hdxcsrc5s=
@@ -184,6 +190,8 @@ github.com/russellhaering/gosaml2 v0.3.1 h1:s+Oz2RRS83uqocWhWdR8Gbtze4g84cWQqNUm
 github.com/russellhaering/gosaml2 v0.3.1/go.mod h1:niieRtQaw+opTVp9jzZo1nAAoksI2eNpd+weDcjZ+Mk=
 github.com/russellhaering/goxmldsig v0.0.0-20180430223755-7acd5e4a6ef7 h1:J4AOUcOh/t1XbQcJfkEqhzgvMJ2tDxdCVvmHxW5QXao=
 github.com/russellhaering/goxmldsig v0.0.0-20180430223755-7acd5e4a6ef7/go.mod h1:Oz4y6ImuOQZxynhbSXk7btjEfNBtGlj2dcaOvXl2FSM=
+github.com/russellhaering/goxmldsig v1.1.0 h1:lK/zeJie2sqG52ZAlPNn1oBBqsIsEKypUUBGpYYF6lk=
+github.com/russellhaering/goxmldsig v1.1.0/go.mod h1:QK8GhXPB3+AfuCrfo0oRISa9NfzeCpWmxeGnqEpDF9o=
 github.com/russross/blackfriday/v2 v2.0.1 h1:lPqVAte+HuHNfhJ/0LC98ESWRz8afy9tM/0RK8m9o+Q=
 github.com/russross/blackfriday/v2 v2.0.1/go.mod h1:+Rmxgy9KzJVeS9/2gXHxylqXiyQDYRxCVz55jmeOWTM=
 github.com/shurcooL/sanitized_anchor_name v1.0.0 h1:PdmoCO6wvbs+7yrJyMORt4/BmY5IYyJwS/kOiWx8mHo=
@@ -208,6 +216,8 @@ github.com/stretchr/testify v1.2.2/go.mod h1:a8OnRcib4nhh0OaRAV+Yts87kKdq0PP7pXf
 github.com/stretchr/testify v1.4.0/go.mod h1:j7eGeouHqKxXV5pUuKE4zz7dFj8WfuZ+81PSLYec5m4=
 github.com/stretchr/testify v1.5.1 h1:nOGnQDM7FYENwehXlg/kFVnos3rEvtKTjRvOWSzb6H4=
 github.com/stretchr/testify v1.5.1/go.mod h1:5W2xD1RspED5o8YsWQXVCued0rvSQ+mT+I5cxcmMvtA=
+github.com/stretchr/testify v1.6.1 h1:hDPOHmpOpP40lSULcqw7IrRb/u7w6RpDC9399XyoNd0=
+github.com/stretchr/testify v1.6.1/go.mod h1:6Fq8oRcR53rry900zMqJjRRixrwX3KX962/h/Wwjteg=
 github.com/urfave/cli v1.20.0 h1:fDqGv3UG/4jbVl/QkFwEdddtEDjh/5Ov6X+0B/3bPaw=
 github.com/urfave/cli v1.20.0/go.mod h1:70zkFmudgCuE/ngEzBv17Jvp/497gISqfk5gWijbERA=
 github.com/urfave/cli v1.22.4 h1:u7tSpNPPswAFymm8IehJhy4uJMlUuU/GmqSkvJ1InXA=
@@ -315,6 +325,8 @@ gopkg.in/tomb.v1 v1.0.0-20141024135613-dd632973f1e7/go.mod h1:dt/ZhP58zS4L8KSrWD
 gopkg.in/yaml.v2 v2.2.1/go.mod h1:hI93XBmqTisBFMUTm0b8Fm+jr3Dg1NNxqwp+5A1VGuI=
 gopkg.in/yaml.v2 v2.2.2 h1:ZCJp+EgiOT7lHqUV2J862kp8Qj64Jo6az82+3Td9dZw=
 gopkg.in/yaml.v2 v2.2.2/go.mod h1:hI93XBmqTisBFMUTm0b8Fm+jr3Dg1NNxqwp+5A1VGuI=
+gopkg.in/yaml.v3 v3.0.0-20200313102051-9f266ea9e77c h1:dUUwHk2QECo/6vqA44rthZ8ie2QXMNeKRTHCNY2nXvo=
+gopkg.in/yaml.v3 v3.0.0-20200313102051-9f266ea9e77c/go.mod h1:K4uyk7z7BCEPqu6E+C64Yfv1cQ7kz7rIZviUmN+EgEM=
 honnef.co/go/tools v0.0.0-20180728063816-88497007e858/go.mod h1:rf3lG4BRIbNafJWhAfAdb/ePZxsR/4RtNHQocxwk9r4=
 honnef.co/go/tools v0.0.0-20190102054323-c2f93a96b099/go.mod h1:rf3lG4BRIbNafJWhAfAdb/ePZxsR/4RtNHQocxwk9r4=
 honnef.co/go/tools v0.0.0-20190106161140-3f1c8253044a/go.mod h1:rf3lG4BRIbNafJWhAfAdb/ePZxsR/4RtNHQocxwk9r4=

programming_language: Go
filename: validate.go
change_type: ModificationType.MODIFY
diff: @@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 package sso
 
 import (
+	"bytes"
 	"crypto/rand"
 	"crypto/x509"
 	"encoding/base64"
@@ -10,6 +11,7 @@ import (
 
 	"github.com/beevik/etree"
 	"github.com/fleetdm/fleet/server/kolide"
+	rtvalidator "github.com/mattermost/xml-roundtrip-validator"
 	"github.com/pkg/errors"
 	gosamltypes "github.com/russellhaering/gosaml2/types"
 	dsig "github.com/russellhaering/goxmldsig"
@@ -103,8 +105,16 @@ func (v *validator) ValidateSignature(auth kolide.Auth) (kolide.Auth, error) {
 	}
 	decoded, err := base64.StdEncoding.DecodeString(info.rawResponse())
 	if err != nil {
-		return nil, errors.Wrap(err, "based64 decoding response")
+		return nil, errors.Wrap(err, "base64 decode response")
 	}
+
+	// Examine the response for attempts to exploit weaknesses in Go's
+	// encoding/xml
+	err = rtvalidator.Validate(bytes.NewReader(decoded))
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, errors.Wrap(err, "response XML failed validation")
+	}
+
 	doc := etree.NewDocument()
 	err = doc.ReadFromBytes(decoded)
 	if err != nil || doc.Root() == nil {

programming_language: Go
filename: validate_test.go
change_type: ModificationType.MODIFY
diff: @@ -171,6 +171,48 @@ func TestVerifyValidGoogleResponse(t *testing.T) {
 	assert.Nil(t, err)
 }
 
+func TestVerifyGoogleResponseCommentInjected(t *testing.T) {
+	samlResponse :=
+		`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`
+	decoded, err := base64.StdEncoding.DecodeString(samlResponse)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	// Tamper with the valid response by injecting a comment
+	decoded = bytes.Replace(decoded, []byte("<saml2p:Response"), []byte("<saml2p:Response ::foo=\"bar\""), 1)
+	samlResponse = base64.StdEncoding.EncodeToString(decoded)
+
+	tm, err := time.Parse(time.RFC3339, "2017-07-18T14:47:08.035Z")
+	require.Nil(t, err)
+	clock := dsig.NewFakeClockAt(tm)
+	validator, err := NewValidator(testGoogleMetadata, Clock(clock))
+	require.Nil(t, err)
+	require.NotNil(t, validator)
+	auth, err := DecodeAuthResponse(samlResponse)
+	require.Nil(t, err)
+	require.NotNil(t, auth)
+	_, err = validator.ValidateSignature(auth)
+	require.Error(t, err)
+}
+
+func TestVerifyGoogleResponseDoubleColon(t *testing.T) {
+	samlResponse := `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`
+
+	tm, err := time.Parse(time.RFC3339, "2017-07-18T14:47:08.035Z")
+	require.Nil(t, err)
+	clock := dsig.NewFakeClockAt(tm)
+
+	validator, err := NewValidator(testGoogleMetadata, Clock(clock))
+	require.Nil(t, err)
+	require.NotNil(t, validator)
+
+	auth, err := DecodeAuthResponse(samlResponse)
+	require.Nil(t, err)
+	require.NotNil(t, auth)
+
+	// Should fail due to the double colon in the response XML
+	_, err = validator.ValidateSignature(auth)
+	require.Error(t, err)
+}
+
 func TestVerifyInvalidSignatureGoogleResponse(t *testing.T) {
 	samlResponse :=
 		`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`

programming_language: TeX