李森科主义
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奥古斯特·魏斯曼的种质理论认为遗传物质种质只通过生殖器官传播。人体体细胞在种质的每个世代都会重新发展，体细胞改变不会影响下一代，这跟拉马克主义相反
1938年的李森科
李森科主義的无性繁殖理论。这种机制彰显果树嫁接时接穗对原种的影响，不管是拉马克主义，还是21世纪生物学家的基因水平转移理论