帝国主义
参考资料

↑  Zhongguo she hui ke xue yuan. Yu yan yan jiu suo. Ci dian bian ji shi; 中国社会科学院. 语言硏究所. 词典编辑室. .  Di 7 ban. Beijing https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/967310841. 2016. ISBN 978-7-100-12450-8. OCLC 967310841.  缺少或|title=为空 (帮助)
↑  .   [2015-08-23]. （原始内容存档于2018-07-17）.
↑  .   [22 February 2019]. （原始内容存档于2020-03-20）. [...] the policy of extending the rule or authority of an empire or nation over foreign countries, or of acquiring and holding colonies and dependencies [...]
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1 2  Oxford Dictionaries: The Dictionary of Human Geography （页面存档备份，存于） (5th ed.). Wiley-Blackwell. p. 373. ISBN 978-1-4051-3288-6
↑  Mary Gallaher, et al. Key concepts in political geography (Sage, 2009).
↑  Edward W. Said. Culture and Imperialism. Vintage Publishers, 1994. P. 9.
1 2 3  Howe, Stephen. Empire: A Very Short Introduction. Oxford: Oxford UP, 2002. Print.
1 2  Lewis Samuel Feuer. Imperialism and the Anti-Imperialist Mind. Transaction Publishers, 1989. P. 4.
↑  .   [11 September 2016]. （原始内容存档于2021-08-03）.
↑  Howe, 13
↑  Magnusson, Lars. . 1991: 19. ISBN 978-91-550-3830-4 （瑞典语）.
↑  Magnusson, Lars. . 1991: 19. ISBN 978-91-550-3830-4 （瑞典语）.
↑  Edward W. Said. Culture and Imperialism. Vintage Publishers, 1994. p. 9.
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↑  Gilmartin, M. (2009). Colonialism/Imperialism. In Key concepts in political geography (pp. 115-123). London: SAGE.
1 2  Painter, J. & Jeffrey, A., (2009). Political Geography 2nd ed., Sage. pg. 174
1 2  "British Empire"British Empire | historical state, United Kingdom | Encyclopædia Britannica Online
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↑  Painter, J. & Jeffrey, A., (2009). Political Geography 2nd ed., Sage. pg. 175
↑  Painter, J. & Jeffrey, A., (2009). Political Geography 2nd ed., Sage. pg. 147
↑  H. C. G. Matthew, The Liberal Imperialists. The Ideas and Politics of a Post-Gladstonian Élite (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1973), p. viii.
↑  Robert Aldrich, Greater France: A History of French Overseas Expansion (1996)
↑  Anthony Clayton, The Wars of French Decolonization (1995)
↑  Martin Thomas, The French Empire Between the Wars: Imperialism, Politics and Society (2007) covers 1919–1939
↑  Thomas Pakenham, ‘’The Scramble for Africa: White Man’s Conquest of the Dark Continent from 1876 to 1912 (1992) ch 12
↑  Hans-Ulrich Wehler, "Bismarck's Imperialism 1862–1890," Past & Present, (1970) 48: 119–55 online
↑  Hartmut Pogge von Strandmann, "Domestic Origins of Germany's Colonial Expansion under Bismarck" Past & Present (1969) 42:140–159 online; Crankshaw, pp. 395–7
↑  Kaplan, Robert D. . The National Interest. 2018-03-05  [2023-01-27]. （原始内容存档于2022-10-04） （英语）.
↑  Li, Minqi. . Monthly Review. 2021-07-01  [2023-01-27]. （原始内容存档于2023-01-27）.
↑  el-Shafei, Alyaa Wagdy; Metawe, Mohamed. . Review of Economics and Political Science. 2021-01-01, 7 (2): 137–152  [2023-01-27]. ISSN 2631-3561. doi:10.1108/REPS-03-2021-0028. （原始内容存档于2023-01-27） （英语）.
↑  Etzioni, Amitai. . The Diplomat. 2020-11-09  [2023-01-27]. （原始内容存档于2023-01-27）.