肥胖症
參考文獻

↑  Walley, Andrew J., Asher, Julian E., Froguel, Philippe. . Nat Rev Genet. (Review). 2009-07, 10 (7): 431–42  [2016-01-11]. PMID 19506576. doi:10.1038/nrg2594. （原始内容存档于2011-06-08）. However, it is also clear that genetics greatly influences this situation, giving individuals in the same 'obesogenic' environment significantly different risks of becoming obese.
↑  Chakravarthy MV, Booth FW. . J. Appl. Physiol. 2004, 96 (1): 3–10. PMID 14660491. doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.00757.2003.
↑  Chakravarthy MV, Booth FW. . J. Appl. Physiol. (Review). 2004, 96 (1): 3–10. PMID 14660491. doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.00757.2003.
↑  Wells JC. . International Journal of Obesity (Review). 2009, 33 (12): 1331–1338. PMID 19752875. doi:10.1038/ijo.2009.175.
↑  Wells JC. . American Journal of Human Biology (Review). 2011, 23 (1): 65–75. PMID 21082685. doi:10.1002/ajhb.21100.
↑  Rosén T, Bosaeus I, Tölli J, Lindstedt G, Bengtsson BA. . Clin. Endocrinol. (Oxf). 1993, 38 (1): 63–71. PMID 8435887. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2265.1993.tb00974.x.
↑  Yach D, Stuckler D, Brownell KD. . Nat. Med. 2006-01, 12 (1): 62–6. PMID 16397571. doi:10.1038/nm0106-62.
↑  Sobal J, Stunkard AJ. . Psychol Bull (Review). 1989-03, 105 (2): 260–75. PMID 2648443. doi:10.1037/0033-2909.105.2.260.
1 2  McLaren L. . Epidemiol Rev (Review). 2007, 29: 29–48. PMID 17478442. doi:10.1093/epirev/mxm001.
1 2  Wilkinson, Richard; Pickett, Kate. . London: Allen Lane. 2009: 91–101. ISBN 978-1-84614-039-6.
↑  Christakis NA, Fowler JH. . New England Journal of Medicine (Research Support). 2007, 357 (4): 370–379. PMID 17652652. doi:10.1056/NEJMsa066082.
↑  Björntorp P. . Obesity Reviews. 2001, 2 (2): 73–86. PMID 12119665. doi:10.1046/j.1467-789x.2001.00027.x.
↑  Goodman E, Adler NE, Daniels SR, Morrison JA, Slap GB, Dolan LM. . Obesity Reviews (Research Support). 2003, 11 (8): 1018–26. PMID 12917508. doi:10.1038/oby.2003.140.
↑  Flegal KM, Troiano RP, Pamuk ER, Kuczmarski RJ, Campbell SM. . N. Engl. J. Med. 1995-11, 333 (18): 1165–70  [2016-01-11]. PMID 7565970. doi:10.1056/NEJM199511023331801. （原始内容存档于2003-04-05）.
↑  Chiolero A, Faeh D, Paccaud F, Cornuz J. . Am. J. Clin. Nutr. (Review). 2008-04-01, 87 (4): 801–9  [2016-01-11]. PMID 18400700. （原始内容存档于2010-10-09）.
↑  Weng HH, Bastian LA, Taylor DH, Moser BK, Ostbye T. . J Women's Health (Larchmt) (Comparative Study). 2004, 13 (1): 85–91. PMID 15006281. doi:10.1089/154099904322836492.
↑  Bellows-Riecken KH, Rhodes RE. . Prev Med (Review). 2008-02, 46 (2): 99–110. PMID 17919713. doi:10.1016/j.ypmed.2007.08.003.
↑   (PDF). World Health Organization.   [2009-02-22]. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2017-07-13）.
1 2  Caballero B. . J. Nutr. (Review). 2001-03, 131 (3): 866S–870S  [2016-01-11]. PMID 11238776. （原始内容存档于2009-05-03）.
↑  Smith E, Hay P, Campbell L, Trollor JN. . Obesity Reviews (Review). 2011, 12 (9): 740–755  [2016-01-11]. PMID 21991597. doi:10.1111/j.1467-789X.2011.00920.x. （原始内容存档于2016-03-03）.
↑  DiBaise JK, Zhang H, Crowell MD, Krajmalnik-Brown R, Decker GA, Rittmann BE. . Mayo Clinic proceedings. Mayo Clinic (Review). 2008-04, 83 (4): 460–9. PMID 18380992. doi:10.4065/83.4.460.
↑  Falagas ME, Kompoti M. . Lancet Infect Dis (Review). 2006-07, 6 (7): 438–46. PMID 16790384. doi:10.1016/S1473-3099(06)70523-0.
1 2 3 4 5  Flier JS. . Cell (Review). 2004, 116 (2): 337–50. PMID 14744442. doi:10.1016/S0092-8674(03)01081-X.
↑  Zhang, Y; Proenca, R; Maffei, M; Barone, M; Leopold, L; Friedman, JM. . Nature (Research Support). 1994-12-01, 372 (6505): 425–32. PMID 7984236. doi:10.1038/372425a0.
↑  Considine, RV; Considine, EL; Williams, CJ; Nyce, MR; Magosin, SA; Bauer, TL; Rosato, EL; Colberg, J; Caro, JF. . The Journal of Clinical Investigation (Research Support). 1995-06, 95 (6): 2986–8. PMC 295988 . PMID 7769141. doi:10.1172/jci118007.
↑  Hamann A, Matthaei S. . Exp. Clin. Endocrinol. Diabetes (Review). 1996, 104 (4): 293–300. PMID 8886745. doi:10.1055/s-0029-1211457.
↑  Boulpaep, Emile L.; Boron, Walter F. . Philadelphia: Saunders. 2003: 1227. ISBN 0-7216-3256-4.
↑  World Health Organization.  (报告). World Health Organization: 1-2. 2000  [2014-02-01]. （原始内容存档于2021-08-28）.
↑  Satcher D. . U.S. Dept. of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Office of Surgeon General. 2001  [2016-01-15]. ISBN 978-0-16-051005-2. （原始内容存档于2017-01-24）.
↑  Moyer VA. . Annals of Internal Medicine (Practice Guideline). 2012-09-04, 157 (5): 373–8. PMID 22733087. doi:10.7326/0003-4819-157-5-201209040-00475.
↑  Brook Barnes. . New York Times. 2007-07-18  [2008-07-24]. （原始内容存档于2008-12-10）.
↑  . U.S. Department of Health and Human Services.   [2009-10-18]. （原始内容存档于2012-11-16）.
↑  Brennan Ramirez LK, Hoehner CM, Brownson RC, Cook R, Orleans CT, Hollander M, Barker DC, Bors P, Ewing R, Killingsworth R, Petersmarck K, Schmid T, Wilkinson W. . Am J Prev Med (Research Support). 2006-12, 31 (6): 530–32. PMID 17169714. doi:10.1016/j.amepre.2006.07.026.
↑  . WHO. 11 October 2016  [7 November 2018]. （原始内容存档于2018-10-30） （英语）.
↑  Lau DC, Douketis JD, Morrison KM, Hramiak IM, Sharma AM, Ur E. . CMAJ (Practice Guideline, Review). 2007-04, 176 (8): S1–13  [2016-01-15]. PMC 1839777 . PMID 17420481. doi:10.1503/cmaj.061409. （原始内容存档于2011-06-10）.
↑  . London: Royal College of Physicians. 2004-02-11. ISBN 1-86016-200-2.
↑  Great Britain Parliament House of Commons Health Committee. . London, UK: TSO (The Stationery Office). 2004-05  [2007-12-17]. ISBN 978-0-215-01737-6. （原始内容存档于2011-01-24）.
↑   (PDF). National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence(NICE). National Health Services (NHS). 2006  [2009-04-08]. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2009-04-13）.
↑  Wanless, Sir Derek; Appleby, John; Harrison, Anthony; Patel, Darshan. . London, UK: The King's Fund. 2007. ISBN 1-85717-562-X.
↑  Sacks G, Swinburn B, Lawrence M. . Obes Rev. 2009-01, 10 (1): 76–86. PMID 18761640. doi:10.1111/j.1467-789X.2008.00524.X.
↑  簡郁芬. . 國家網路醫院.   [2016-03-16]. （原始内容存档于2016-03-16）.
1 2 3 4 5 6  Strychar I. . CMAJ. 2006-01, 174 (1): 56–63  [2008-12-24]. PMC 1319349 . PMID 16389240. doi:10.1503/cmaj.045037. （原始内容存档于2011-06-10）.
↑  Shick SM, Wing RR, Klem ML, McGuire MT, Hill JO, Seagle H. . J Am Diet Assoc. 1998-04, 98 (4): 408–13. PMID 9550162. doi:10.1016/S0002-8223(98)00093-5.
↑  Tate DF, Jeffery RW, Sherwood NE, Wing RR. . Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 2007-04, 85 (4): 954–9  [2008-12-24]. PMID 17413092. （原始内容存档于2010-06-06）.
↑  Johnston, Bradley C.; Kanters, Steve; Bandayrel, Kristofer; Wu, Ping; Naji, Faysal; Siemieniuk, Reed A.; Ball, Geoff D. C.; Busse, Jason W.; Thorlund, Kristian; Guyatt, Gordon; Jansen, Jeroen P.; Mills, Edward J. . JAMA. 2014-09-03, 312 (9): 923. doi:10.1001/jama.2014.10397.
↑  Naude, CE; Schoonees, A; Senekal, M; Young, T; Garner, P; Volmink, J. . PLOS ONE (Research Support). 2014, 9 (7): e100652. PMID 25007189. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0100652.
↑  Wing RR, Phelan S. . The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition (Review). 2005, 82 (1 Suppl): 222S–225S. PMID 16002825.
↑  . Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 2005-07, 82 (1 Suppl): 207S–273S  [2008-12-24]. PMID 16002825. （原始内容存档于2010-10-07）.
↑  Weiss EC, Galuska DA, Kettel Khan L, Gillespie C, Serdula MK. . Am J Prev Med. 2007-07, 33 (1): 34–40. PMID 17572309. doi:10.1016/j.amepre.2007.02.040.
↑  Anderson JW, Konz EC, Frederich RC, Wood CL. . Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 2001-11, 74 (5): 579–84  [2008-12-24]. PMID 11684524. （原始内容存档于2010-10-09）.
↑  Williamson DF, Pamuk E, Thun M, Flanders D, Byers T, Heath C. . Am. J. Epidemiol. 1995-06, 141 (12): 1128–41. PMID 7771451.
↑  Thangaratinam S, Rogozinska E, Jolly K, Glinkowski S, Roseboom T, Tomlinson JW, Kunz R, Mol BW, Coomarasamy A, Khan KS. . BMJ (Clinical research ed.) (Meta-analysis). 2012-05-16, 344: e2088. PMC 3355191 . PMID 22596383. doi:10.1136/bmj.e2088.
↑  LeFevre, Michael L. . Annals of Internal Medicine. 2014-08-26, 161: 587. doi:10.7326/M14-1796.
↑  Bravata DM; Sanders L; Huang J;  et al. . JAMA. 2003-04, 289 (14): 1837–50. PMID 12684364. doi:10.1001/jama.289.14.1837.
↑  Brand-Miller, Janette C.; Holt, Susanna H. A.; Pawlak, Dorota B.; McMillan, Joanna. . The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 2002-07-01, 76 (1): 281S–5S  [2016-03-16]. ISSN 0002-9165. PMID 12081852. （原始内容存档于2016-09-19）.
1 2  Rucker D, Padwal R, Li SK, Curioni C, Lau DC. . BMJ (Meta-analysis). 2007, 335 (7631): 1194–99  [2016-01-19]. PMC 2128668 . PMID 18006966. doi:10.1136/bmj.39385.413113.25. （原始内容存档于2009-05-30）.
↑  Wood, Shelley. . Medscape. Medscape News.   [2011-04-26]. （原始内容存档于2012-05-10）.
1 2 3  Wolfe SM. . BMJ (Clinical research ed.). 2013-08-21, 347: f5140. PMID 23970394. doi:10.1136/bmj.f5140.
↑  Bays HE. . Expert review of cardiovascular therapy (Review). 2011-03, 9 (3): 265–77. PMID 21438803. doi:10.1586/erc.10.22.
↑  Bays HE, Gadde KM. . Drugs Today (Review). 2011-12, 47 (12): 903–14. PMID 22348915. doi:10.1358/dot.2011.47.12.1718738.
↑  Colquitt, JL; Pickett, K; Loveman, E; Frampton, GK. . The Cochrane database of systematic reviews (Meta-analysis, Review). 2014-08-08, 8: CD003641. PMID 25105982. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD003641.pub4.
1 2  Chang SH, Stoll CR, Song J, Varela JE, Eagon CJ, Colditz GA. . JAMA Surgery (Meta-analysis, Review). 2014, 149 (3): 275–87. PMID 24352617. doi:10.1001/jamasurg.2013.3654.
↑  Sjöström L, Narbro K, Sjöström CD, Karason K, Larsson B, Wedel H, Lystig T, Sullivan M, Bouchard C, Carlsson B, Bengtsson C, Dahlgren S, Gummesson A, Jacobson P, Karlsson J, Lindroos AK, Lönroth H, Näslund I, Olbers T, Stenlöf K, Torgerson J, Agren G, Carlsson LM. . N. Engl. J. Med. (Research Support). 2007-08, 357 (8): 741–52. PMID 17715408. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa066254.
↑  Weintraub, Karen. . The Boston Globe. The Boston Globe.   [2014-06-30]. （原始内容存档于2014-06-30）.
↑   (PDF). Global prevalence of overweight and obesity.   [2016-09-04]. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2016-03-05）.
1 2  Haslam D. . Obes Rev (Review). 2007-03,. 8 Suppl 1: 31–6. PMID 17316298. doi:10.1111/j.1467-789X.2007.00314.x.
1 2  . World Health Organization.   [2009-04-08]. （原始内容存档于2009-04-10）.
↑  Howard NJ, Taylor AW, Gill TK, Chittleborough CR. . Obesity Research & Clinical Practice. 2008, 2 (1): I–II. PMID 24351678. doi:10.1016/j.orcp.2008.01.001.
↑  . Douglas Harper.   [2008-12-31]. （原始内容存档于2017-09-06）.
↑  . Oxford English Dictionary 2008.   [2009-03-21]. （原始内容存档于2008-01-11）.
1 2  Zachary Bloomgarden. . Diabetes Care (Review). 2003, 26 (11): 3172–3178  [2016-01-20]. PMID 14578257. doi:10.2337/diacare.26.11.3172. （原始内容存档于2017-06-27）.
1 2   (PDF). Dwivedi, Girish & Dwivedi, Shridhar. 2007  [2008-09-19]. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2008-10-10）.
↑  《雜阿含經‧卷第四十二‧第一一五〇經》 （页面存档备份，存于），中華電子佛典協會。
↑  《別譯雜阿含經‧卷第四‧第七十三經》 （页面存档备份，存于），中華電子佛典協會。
↑  Theodore Mazzone; Giamila Fantuzzi. . Totowa, NJ: Humana Press. 2006: 222. ISBN 1-58829-721-7.
↑  Keller, Kathleen. . Thousand Oaks, Calif: Sage Publications, Inc. 2008. ISBN 1-4129-5238-7.
↑  Breslow L. . Am J Public Health Nations Health. 1952-09, 42 (9): 1116–20. PMC 1526346 . PMID 12976585. doi:10.2105/AJPH.42.9.1116.
1 2  Puhl R, Brownell KD. . Obes. Res. (Review). 2001-12, 9 (12): 788–805. PMID 11743063. doi:10.1038/oby.2001.108.
↑  Rubinstein S, Caballero B. . JAMA (Letter). 2000, 283 (12): 1569. PMID 10735392. doi:10.1001/jama.283.12.1569.
1 2  Johnson F, Cooke L, Croker H, Wardle J. . BMJ (Comparative Study). 2008, 337: a494  [2016-01-20]. PMC 2500200 . PMID 18617488. doi:10.1136/bmj.a494. （原始内容存档于2009-02-22）.
↑  Fumento, Michael. . Penguin (Non-Classics). 1997: 126. ISBN 0-14-026144-3.
1 2  Puhl R., Henderson K., and Brownell K. 2005 p.29
↑  Johansson, Edvard; Böckerman, Petri; Kiiskinen, Urpo; Heliövaara, Markku. . Economics and Human Biology. 2009-03, 7 (1): 36–45  [2021-11-14]. ISSN 1873-6130. PMID 19249259. doi:10.1016/j.ehb.2009.01.008. （原始内容存档于2022-03-16）.
↑  Cawley, John; Meyerhoefer, Chad. . Journal of Health Economics. 2012-01, 31 (1): 219–230  [2021-11-14]. ISSN 1879-1646. PMID 22094013. doi:10.1016/j.jhealeco.2011.10.003. （原始内容存档于2021-12-27）.
↑  Finkelstein, Eric A.; Fiebelkorn, Ian C.; Wang, Guijing. . Health Affairs. 2003-01, 22 (Suppl1): W3–219–W3–226  [2021-11-14]. ISSN 0278-2715. doi:10.1377/hlthaff.W3.219. （原始内容存档于2022-02-10） （英语）.
↑  . Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 2007-05-22  [2007-09-05]. （原始内容存档于2007-10-09）.
↑  Colagiuri S, Lee CM, Colagiuri R, Magliano D, Shaw JE, Zimmet PZ, Caterson ID. . The Medical Journal of Australia (Comparative Study). 2010, 192 (5): 260–4  [2016-01-20]. PMID 20201759. （原始内容存档于2011-08-19）.
↑  . 2003-02-05  [2021-11-14]. （原始内容存档于2009-05-24） （英国英语）.
↑  van Baal, Pieter H. M; Polder, Johan J; de Wit, G. Ardine; Hoogenveen, Rudolf T; Feenstra, Talitha L; Boshuizen, Hendriek C; Engelfriet, Peter M; Brouwer, Werner B. F. Prentice, Andrew , 编. . PLoS Medicine. 2008-02-05, 5 (2): e29. ISSN 1549-1676. PMC 2225430 . PMID 18254654. doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.0050029 （英语）.
↑  Bakewell, Joanna. . International Journal of Therapy and Rehabilitation. 2007-07, 14 (7): 329–333. ISSN 1741-1645. doi:10.12968/ijtr.2007.14.7.23858 （英语）.
↑  Neovius, K.; Johansson, K.; Kark, M.; Neovius, M. . Obesity Reviews: An Official Journal of the International Association for the Study of Obesity. 2009-01, 10 (1): 17–27  [2021-11-14]. ISSN 1467-789X. PMID 18778315. doi:10.1111/j.1467-789X.2008.00521.x. （原始内容存档于2021-12-10）.
↑  Ostbye, Truls; Dement, John M.; Krause, Katrina M. . Archives of Internal Medicine. 2007-04-23, 167 (8): 766–773  [2021-11-14]. ISSN 0003-9926. PMID 17452538. doi:10.1001/archinte.167.8.766. （原始内容存档于2022-03-05）.
↑  Fern, Don. . WebMD.   [2021-11-14]. （原始内容存档于2019-07-17） （英语）.
↑  Puhl R., Henderson K., and Brownell K. 2005 p.30
↑  . Forbes.   [2021-11-14]. （原始内容存档于2019-07-17） （英语）.
↑  Dannenberg, Andrew L.; Burton, Deron C.; Jackson, Richard J. . American Journal of Preventive Medicine. 2004-10, 27 (3): 264  [2021-11-14]. ISSN 0749-3797. PMID 15450642. doi:10.1016/j.amepre.2004.06.004. （原始内容存档于2021-11-14）.
↑  . ABC News.   [2021-11-14]. （原始内容存档于2019-07-17） （英语）.
1 2  . GovTrack.us.   [2021-11-14]. （原始内容存档于2012-03-17） （英语）.
↑  Basulto, Dominic. . The Washington Post. 2013-06-20  [2013-06-20]. （原始内容存档于2013-06-21）.  ()
↑  . independent.   [2021-11-14]. （原始内容存档于2021-12-10） （英语）.
↑  . International Size Acceptance Association.   [2009-02-17]. （原始内容存档于2009-02-25）.
1 2  Pulver, Adam. . Social Science Electronic Publishing. 2007  [2009-01-13]. （原始内容存档于2009-09-24）.
↑  Neumark-Sztainer D. . Int. J. Obes. Relat. Metab. Disord. (Review). 1999-03,. 23 Suppl 2: S31–7. PMID 10340803. doi:10.1038/sj.ijo.0800857.
↑  National Association to Advance Fat Acceptance. . NAAFA. 2008  [2008-07-29]. （原始内容存档于2019-09-30）.
↑  . International Size Acceptance Association.   [2009-01-13]. （原始内容存档于2009-01-05）.
1 2  Flynn, M. a. T.; McNeil, D. A.; Maloff, B.; Mutasingwa, D.; Wu, M.; Ford, C.; Tough, S. C. . Obesity Reviews: An Official Journal of the International Association for the Study of Obesity. 2006-02,. 7 Suppl 1: 7–66  [2021-11-14]. ISSN 1467-7881. PMID 16371076. doi:10.1111/j.1467-789X.2006.00242.x. （原始内容存档于2022-03-13）.
↑  Dollman, J. . British Journal of Sports Medicine. 2005-12-01, 39 (12): 892–897. ISSN 0306-3674. PMC 1725088 . PMID 16306494. doi:10.1136/bjsm.2004.016675 （英语）.
↑  Metcalf, B.; Henley, W.; Wilkin, T. . BMJ. 2012-09-27, 345 (sep27 1): e5888–e5888. ISSN 1756-1833. PMID 23044984. doi:10.1136/bmj.e5888 （英语）.
↑  Lund Elizabeth M.  (PDF). Intern J Appl Res Vet Med. 2006, 4 (2): 177–86  [2016-01-20]. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2019-06-01）.
↑  McGreevy, P. D.; Thomson, P. C.; Pride, C.; Fawcett, A.; Grassi, T.; Jones, B. . The Veterinary Record. 2005-05-28, 156 (22): 695–702  [2021-11-14]. ISSN 0042-4900. PMID 15923551. doi:10.1136/vr.156.22.695. （原始内容存档于2022-03-15）.
↑  Nijland, Marieke L; Stam, Frank; Seidell, Jacob C. . Public Health Nutrition. 2010-01, 13 (1): 102–106. ISSN 1368-9800. PMID 19545467. doi:10.1017/S136898000999022X （英语）.