地球殊異假說
參考資料

↑  Brownlee and Ward (2000), pp. xxi-xxiii.
1 2  Webb, Stephen, 2002. If the universe is teeming with aliens, where is everybody? Fifty solutions to the Fermi paradox and the problem of extraterrestrial life. Copernicus Books (Springer Verlag)
↑  Lineweaver, Charles H., Fenner, Yeshe, and Gibson, Brad K., 2004, "The Galactic Habitable Zone and the Age Distribution of Complex Life in the Milky Way （页面存档备份，存于）," Science 303: 59-62.
1 2  Guillermo Gonzalez, Brownlee, Donald, and Ward, Peter, 2001, "The Galactic Habitable Zone: Galactic Chemical Evolution, （页面存档备份，存于）" Icarus 152: 185-200.
↑  How often does the Sun pass through a spiral arm in the Milky Way? （页面存档备份，存于）, Karen Masters, Curious About Astronomy
↑  Dartnell, Lewis, Life in the Universe, One World, Oxford, 2007, p. 75.
↑   James Kasting, Whitmire, D. P., and Reynolds, R. T., 1993, "Habitable zones around main sequence stars," Icarus 101: 108-28.
↑  Brownlee, Donald. Ward, Peter D. "Rare Earth", page 18. Copernicus. 2000.
1 2   （页面存档备份，存于） The One Hundred Nearest Star Systems, Research Consortium on Nearby Stars
↑  Brownlee, Donald. Ward, Peter D. "Rare Earth", pages 15-33. Copernicus. 2000.
↑  Hinse, T.C.  (PDF). Niels Bohr Institute.   [2007-10-31]. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2011-09-28）. Main simulation results observed: [1] The presence of high-order mean-motion resonances for large values of giant planet eccentricity [2] Chaos dominated dynamics within the habitable zone(s) at large values of giant planet mass.
↑  "Once you realize that most of the known extrasolar planets have highly eccentric orbits (like the planets in Upsilon Andromedae), you begin to wonder if there might be something special about our solar system" (UCBerkeleyNews quoting Extra solar planetary researcher Eric Ford.) Sanders, Robert. . 13 April 2005  [2007-10-31]. （原始内容存档于2007-10-21）.
↑  Lissauer 1999, as summarized by Conway Morris 2003: 92; also see Comins 1993
↑  Planet-hunters set for big bounty （页面存档备份，存于）, BBC
↑  Taylor, Stuart Ross, 1998. Destiny or Chance: Our Solar System and Its Place in the Cosmos. Cambridge Univ. Press.
↑  Dartnell, Lewis, 2007, Life in the Universe, a Beginner's Guide, One World, Oxford, pp. 69-70,
↑   Taylor, Stuart Ross, 1998. Destiny or Chance: Our Solar System and Its Place in the Cosmos. Cambridge Univ. Press
↑   Joseph L. Kirschvink, Robert L. Ripperdan, David A. Evans, "Evidence for a Large-Scale Reorganization of Early Cambrian Continental Masses by Inertial Interchange True Polar Wander" Science 25 July 1997: Vol. 277. no. 5325, pp. 541 - 545
↑  Brownlee, Donald. Ward, Peter D. "Rare Earth", pages 144-147. Copernicus. 2000.
↑  Cramer, John G., 2000, "The 'Rare Earth' Hypothesis, （页面存档备份，存于）" Analog Science Fiction & Fact Magazine (September 2000).
↑  Brownlee, Donald. Ward, Peter D. "Rare Earth", pages 271-275. Copernicus. 2000.
↑   Taylor, Stuart Ross, 1998. Destiny or Chance: Our Solar System and Its Place in the Cosmos. Cambridge Univ. Press.
↑   Simon Conway Morris, 2003. Life's Solution. Cambridge Univ. Press. See chpt. 5; many references.
↑   John D. Barrow and Frank J. Tipler, 1986. The Anthropic Cosmological Principle. Oxford Univ. Press. Section 3.2
↑  .   [2009-10-08]. （原始内容存档于2018-01-26）.
↑  .   [2009-10-08]. （原始内容存档于2009-05-26）.
↑  Darling, David. . Basic Books/Perseus. 2001.