原乡 (语言学)
参考

1 2  Blust (1984).
1 2 3  Campbell (2013).
↑  Renfrew, Colin; McMahon, April; Trask, Larry (编). . 1999. ISBN 978-1-902937-06-9.
↑  O'Rourke, Dennis H.; Raff, Jennifer A. . Current Biology. 2010-02-23, 20 (4)  [2022-10-13]. ISSN 0960-9822. PMID 20178768. S2CID 14479088. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2009.11.051. （原始内容存档于2013-09-24） （英语）.
↑  Kayser, Manfred. . Current Biology. 2010-02-23, 20 (4)  [2022-10-13]. ISSN 0960-9822. PMID 20178767. S2CID 7282462. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2009.12.004. （原始内容存档于2013-09-24） （英语）.
↑  Bengtson and Ruhlen (1994) offered a list of 27 "global etymologies". Bengtson, John D. and Merritt Ruhlen. 1994. "Global etymologies" （页面存档备份，存于）. In Ruhlen 1994a, pp.277–336. This approach has been criticized as flawed by Campbell and Poser (2008) who used the same criteria employed by Bengtson and Ruhlen to identify "cognates" in Spanish known to be false. Campbell, Lyle, and William J. Poser. 2008. Language Classification: History and Method. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
↑  Poloni, Estella S.; Naciri, Yamama; Bucho, Rute; Niba, Régine; Kervaire, Barbara; Excoffier, Laurent; Langaney, André; Sanchez-Mazas, Alicia. . Annals of Human Genetics. 2009-11, 73 (Pt 6)  [2022-10-13]. ISSN 1469-1809. PMID 19706029. S2CID 2488794. doi:10.1111/j.1469-1809.2009.00541.x. （原始内容存档于2022-10-13）.
↑  McWhorter, John H. . Language. 1998, 74 (4)  [2022-10-13]. ISSN 0097-8507. JSTOR 417003. doi:10.2307/417003. （原始内容存档于2022-10-13）.
↑  McWhorter, John H., , Huber, Magnus; Parkvall, Mikael  (编), , London: Westminster University Press, 1999
↑  Handel, Zev. . Language and Linguistics Compass. 2008-05, 2 (3)  [2022-10-13]. doi:10.1111/j.1749-818X.2008.00061.x. （原始内容存档于2022-01-20） （英语）.
↑  Zhang, Menghan; Yan, Shi; Pan, Wuyun; Jin, Li. . Nature. 2019-05, 569 (7754)  [2022-10-13]. Bibcode:2019Natur.569..112Z. ISSN 0028-0836. PMID 31019300. S2CID 129946000. doi:10.1038/s41586-019-1153-z. （原始内容存档于2022-03-15） （英语）.
↑  Roger Blench, "Stratification in the peopling of China: how far does the linguistic evidence match genetics and archaeology?," Paper for the Symposium "Human migrations in continental East Asia and Taiwan: genetic, linguistic and archaeological evidence". Geneva June 10–13, 2004. Université de Genève.
↑  Ostapirat, Weera. (2005). "Kra–Dai and Austronesian: Notes on phonological correspondences and vocabulary distribution", Sagart, Laurent, Blench, Roger & Sanchez-Mazas, Alicia (eds.), The Peopling of East Asia: Putting Together Archaeology, Linguistics and Genetics. London/New York: Routledge-Curzon.
↑  Serafim, Leon A. . Frellesvig, Bjarne; Whitman, John  (编). . John Benjamins. 2008. ISBN 978-90-272-4809-1.
↑  Vovin, Alexander. . . Oxford University Press. 2017-09-26  [2022-10-13]. ISBN 978-0-19-938465-5. doi:10.1093/acrefore/9780199384655.013.277. （原始内容存档于2022-11-23） （英语）.
1 2  Sohn (1999).
↑  Lee, Ki-Moon; Ramsey, S. Robert. . Cambridge University Press. 2011. ISBN 978-1-139-49448-9.
↑  Lee, Iksop; Ramsey, S. Robert. . SUNY Press. 2000. ISBN 978-0-7914-4831-1.
↑  Yi, Seonbok. . Bellwood, Peter  (编). . Wiley. 2014. ISBN 978-1-118-97059-1.
↑  Nelson, Sara M. . Kohl, Philip L.; Fawcett, Clare  (编). . Cambridge University Press. 1995. ISBN 978-0-521-55839-6.
↑  Sidwell, Paul. . Jenny, Mathias; Sidwell, Paul  (编). . Leiden: BRILL. 2015. ISBN 978-90-04-28295-7.
↑  Rau, Felix; Sidwell, Paul. . Journal of the Southeast Asian Linguistics Society. 2019-09-12, 12 (2)  [2022-10-13]. ISSN 1836-6821. （原始内容存档于2021-08-16） （英语）.
↑  Blust, Robert. . Asia-Pacific Linguistics, School of Culture, History and Language, College of Asia and the Pacific, The Australian National University. 2013  [2022-10-13]. ISBN 978-1-922185-07-5. （原始内容存档于2019-03-23） （澳大利亚英语）.
1 2  Anthony, David W.; Ringe, Don. . Annual Review of Linguistics. 2015-01-01, 1 (1)  [2021-08-16]. ISSN 2333-9683. doi:10.1146/annurev-linguist-030514-124812. （原始内容存档于2019-03-27） （英语）.
↑  Amiridze, Nino. . STUF - Language Typology and Universals. 2019-05-27, 72 (2)  [2022-10-13]. ISSN 1867-8319. doi:10.1515/stuf-2019-0007. （原始内容存档于2022-10-17） （英语）.
↑  Rayfield, Donald.  (PDF). . London: Reaktion Books. 2019. ISBN 9781789140590. []
↑  Krishnamurti, Bhadriraju. . Cambridge University Press. 2003. ISBN 0-521-77111-0.
↑  Holton, Gary. . Alaska Native Language Center.   [19 November 2020]. （原始内容存档于2021-08-07）.
↑  Ruhlen, Merritt. . Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 10 November 1998, 95 (23). Bibcode:1998PNAS...9513994R. ISSN 0027-8424. PMC 25007 . PMID 9811914. doi:10.1073/pnas.95.23.13994 （英语）.
↑  Potter, Ben A. . Anthropological Papers of the University of Alaska. 2010, 5 (1–2).
↑  Sicoli, Mark A.; Holton, Gary. Caramelli, David , 编. . PLoS ONE. 2014-03-12, 9 (3). Bibcode:2014PLoSO...991722S. ISSN 1932-6203. PMC 3951421 . PMID 24621925. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0091722 （英语）.
↑  Yanovich, Igor. . Diachronica. 2020-09-16, 37 (3)  [2022-10-13]. ISSN 0176-4225. doi:10.1075/dia.17038.yan. （原始内容存档于2022-12-02） （英语）.
↑  Bakker, Peter. . Folke Josephson; Ingmar Söhrman  (编). . Amsterdam: John Benjamins. 2013.
↑  Golla, Victor. . Berkeley: University of California Press. 2011.
↑  Hill, Jane H. . American Anthropologist. 2001, 103 (4)  [2022-10-13]. ISSN 0002-7294. JSTOR 684121. （原始内容存档于2022-10-30）.
↑  Campbell, Lyle; Grondona, Verónica. . Walter de Gruyter. 2012-01-27. ISBN 978-3-11-025803-5 （英语）.
↑  Yunusbayev, B. . PLOS Genetics. 2014, 11 (4): e1005068. PMC 4405460 . PMID 25898006. S2CID 196602588. bioRxiv 10.1101/005850 . doi:10.1371/journal.pgen.1005068.
↑  Römer, Claudia. Von den Hunnen zu den Türken – dunkle Vorgeschichte, in: Zentralasien. 13. bis 20. Jahrhundert. Geschichte und Gesellschaft, Wien 2006
↑  Johanson, Éva Ágnes Csató; Johanson, Lars. . Taylor & Francis. 2003-09-01. ISBN 978-0-203-06610-2 （英语）.
↑  Dimmendaal, Gerrit J. . Vossen, Rainer  (编). . Oxford University Press. 2020-03-26: 363–382  [2022-10-13]. ISBN 978-0-19-960989-5. doi:10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199609895.013.15. （原始内容存档于2023-02-10） （英语）.
↑  . www.britannica.com.   [2022-10-13]. （原始内容存档于2021-05-25） （英语）.
↑  . 11 July 2017  [2021-08-16]. （原始内容存档于2021-03-19）.
↑  .   [2021-08-16]. （原始内容存档于2017-02-14）.
↑  Allen, James P. . Cambridge University Press. 2003. ISBN 978-1-107-66467-8.
↑  John Huehnergard and Christopher Woods, "Akkadian and Eblaite", in Roger D. Woodard, ed., The Ancient Languages of Mesopotamia, Egypt and Aksum, Cambridge University Press, 2008
↑  . 25 August 2019  [2021-08-16]. （原始内容存档于2021-07-12）.
1 2 3  Jared Diamond, "Guns, Germs and Steel" (2000)
↑  Bostoen, Koen. . . Oxford University Press. 2018-04-26  [2022-10-13]. ISBN 978-0-19-027773-4. doi:10.1093/acrefore/9780190277734.013.191. （原始内容存档于2022-10-13） （英语）.
1 2 3  Blench, Roger.  (PDF). 2004  [2021-08-16]. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2020-08-05）.
↑  See also Bendor-Samuel, J. ed. 1989. The Niger–Congo Languages. Lanham: University Press of America.
↑  Westermann, D. 1922a. Die Sprache der Guang. Berlin: Dietrich Reimer.
↑  Greenberg, J.H. 1964. Historical inferences from linguistic research in sub-Saharan Africa. Boston University Papers in African History, 1.
↑  Herman Bell. 1995. The Nuba Mountains: Who Spoke What in 1976?. (The published results from a major project of the Institute of African and Asian Studies: the Language Survey of the Nuba Mountains.)
↑  Williamson, Kay & Blench, Roger (2000) 'Niger–Congo', in Heine, Bernd & Nurse, Derek (eds.) African languages: an introduction, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
↑  Gerrit Dimmendaal (2008) "Language Ecology and Linguistic Diversity on the African Continent", Language and Linguistics Compass 2/5.
↑  Williamson, K. 1971. The Benue–Congo languages and Ijo. Current Trends in Linguistics, 7. ed. T. Sebeok 245–306. The Hague: Mouton.
↑  Williamson, K. 1988. Linguistic evidence for the prehistory of the Niger Delta. The early history of the Niger Delta, edited by E.J. Alagoa, F.N. Anozie and N. Nzewunwa. Hamburg: Helmut Buske Verlag.
↑  Williamson, K. 1989. Benue–Congo Overview. In The Niger–Congo Languages. J. Bendor-Samuel ed. Lanham: University Press of America.
↑  De Wolf, P. 1971. The noun class system of Proto-Benue–Congo. The Hague: Mouton.
↑  Blench, R.M. 1989. A proposed new classification of Benue–Congo languages. Afrikanische Arbeitspapiere, Köln, 17.
↑  Michael C. Campbell and Sarah A. Tishkoff, "The Evolution of Human Genetic and Phenotypic Variation in Africa," Current Biology, Volume 20, Issue 4, 23 February 2010
↑  Greenberg, J.H. 1972. Linguistic evidence regarding Bantu origins. Journal of African History, 13.
↑  Vansina, J. . The Journal of African History. 1995-07, 36 (2)  [2022-10-13]. ISSN 1469-5138. JSTOR 182309. doi:10.1017/S0021853700034101. （原始内容存档于2022-10-18） （英语）.
↑  Flight, Colin. . History in Africa. 1980, 7  [2022-10-13]. ISSN 0361-5413. JSTOR 3171657. doi:10.2307/3171657. （原始内容存档于2022-10-18） （英语）.
↑  Flight, Colin. . History in Africa. 1988, 15  [2022-10-13]. ISSN 0361-5413. JSTOR 3171863. doi:10.2307/3171863. （原始内容存档于2022-10-13） （英语）.
↑  Bastin, Y. . Afrikanische Arbeitspapiere. 1994, 38.