资本主义
參考文獻

↑  Zimbalist, Sherman and Brown, Andrew, Howard J. and Stuart. . Harcourt College Pub. October 1988: 6–7. ISBN 978-0-15-512403-5. Pure capitalism is defined as a system wherein all of the means of production (physical capital) are privately owned and run by the capitalist class for a profit, while most other people are workers who work for a salary or wage (and who do not own the capital or the product).
↑  Rosser, Mariana V.; Rosser, J Barkley. . MIT Press. 23 July 2003: 7. ISBN 978-0-262-18234-8. In capitalist economies, land and produced means of production (the capital stock) are owned by private individuals or groups of private individuals organized as firms.
↑  Chris Jenks.  Core Sociological Dichotomies. "Capitalism, as a mode of production, is an economic system of manufacture and exchange which is geared toward the production and sale of commodities within a market for profit, where the manufacture of commodities consists of the use of the formally free labor of workers in exchange for a wage to create commodities in which the manufacturer extracts surplus value from the labor of the workers in terms of the difference between the wages paid to the worker and the value of the commodity produced by him/her to generate that profit." London; Thousand Oaks, CA; New Delhi. Sage. p. 383.
↑  Heilbroner, Robert L. "Capitalism" 的存檔，存档日期28 October 2017.. Steven N. Durlauf and Lawrence E. Blume, eds. The New Palgrave Dictionary of Economics. 2nd ed. (Palgrave Macmillan, 2008) doi:10.1057/9780230226203.0198.
↑  Louis Hyman and Edward E. Baptist (2014). American Capitalism: A Reader 的存檔，存档日期22 May 2015.. Simon & Schuster. ISBN 978-1-4767-8431-1.
↑  Michael Joff. . Cambridge Journal of Economics. 2011, 35 (5): 873–896. doi:10.1093/cje/beq054. The tendency for capitalist economies to grow is one of their most characteristic properties.
1 2  Stilwell, Frank. "Political Economy: the Contest of Economic Ideas." First Edition. Oxford University Press. Melbourne, Australia. 2002.
↑  Case, Karl E., Fair, Ray C., Principles of Macroeconomics, Chapter 22 Globalization, Prentice Hall (2004)
↑  Werhane, P.H. . The Review of Metaphysics (Philosophy Education Society, Inc.). 1994, 47 (3).
1 2 3  "free enterprise." Roget's 21st Century Thesaurus, Third Edition. Philip Lief Group 2008.
↑  Mutualist.org （页面存档备份，存于）. "... based on voluntary cooperation, free exchange, or mutual aid."
↑  Barrons Dictionary of Finance and Investment Terms. 1995. p. 74
↑  "Market economy", Merriam-Webster Unabridged Dictionary
↑  . Cato.org.   [6 November 2008]. （原始内容存档于2012-12-01）.
↑  .   [2013-06-08]. （原始内容存档于2009-02-11）.
↑  Harper, Douglas. . Online Etymology Dictionary.
↑  James Augustus Henry Murray. "Capital". A New English Dictionary on Historical Principles. Oxford English Press. Vol 2. p. 93.
↑  Ricardo, David. Principles of Political Economy and Taxation. 1821. John Murray Publisher, 3rd edition.
↑  Samuel Taylor Coleridge. Tabel The Complete Works of Samuel Taylor Coleridge （页面存档备份，存于）. page 267.
↑  Macmillan Dictionary of Modern Economics, 3rd Ed., 1986, p. 54.
↑  Ross, R. J., & Trachte, K. C. (1990). Global capitalism: The new leviathan. SUNY Press, p 9.
↑  "property". Encyclopædia Britannica. Encyclopædia Britannica Online. Encyclopædia Britannica Inc., 2013. Web. 31 May. 2013 <http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/479008/property （页面存档备份，存于）>.
1 2  Armen A. Alchian, "Property Rights." The Concise Encyclopedia of Economics. 2008. Library of Economics and Liberty. 31 May 2013. <.   [2007-04-08]. （原始内容存档于2007-04-09）. >.
↑  Demsetz, H. (1967). Toward a theory of property rights. The American economic review, 57(2), 350.
↑  Chaturvedy, J. C. (Ed.). (2005). Political Governance: Political theory (Vol. 2). Gyan Publishing House, p 226.
↑  Ludwig von Mises. . Liberalism. Ludwig von Mises Institute.   [2013-05-31]. （原始内容存档于2014-11-01）.
↑  Coase, Ronald, The Nature of the Firm (1937)
↑  Pettet, B. G. . Pearson Education. 2005: 151.
↑  Courtney, Thomas B.  2nd. Bloomsbury Professional. 2002. 4.001.
↑  Robert Hessen, "Corporations." The Concise Encyclopedia of Economics. 2008. Library of Economics and Liberty. 31 May 2013. <http://www.econlib.org/library/Enc/Corporations.html （页面存档备份，存于）>.
↑   （页面存档备份，存于）. Dictionary.com
↑  Backhouse, Roger E. and Steven G. Medema.  "laissez-faire, economists and."  The New Palgrave Dictionary of Economics. Second Edition. Eds.  Steven N. Durlauf and Lawrence E. Blume. Palgrave Macmillan, 2008.
↑  Stigler, George J. (1976). "The Successes and Failures of Professor Smith", Journal of Political Economy, 84(6), p. 1202 (pp. 1199-1213). Also published as Selected Papers, No. 50 (PDF) （页面存档备份，存于）, Graduate School of Business, University of Chicago.
↑  Le Goff, J. (1982). Time, work, and culture in the Middle Ages. University of Chicago Pres, p 12.
↑  Smith, Adam (1776). The Wealth of Nations, Bk. IV: Of Systems of political Œconomy, ch. II, "Of Restraints upon the Importation from Foreign Countries of such Goods as can be Produced at Home", para. 9 （页面存档备份，存于）.
↑  Friedman, Milton. (1970). The social responsibility of business is to increase its profits. New York times magazine, 13(1970), 32-33.
↑  Weber, M., Baehr, P. R., & Wells, G. C. (2002). The protestant ethic and the spirit of capitalism: And other writings. Penguin.
↑  Buchanan, James M. (2003). Public Choice III. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Description （页面存档备份，存于） and preview. （页面存档备份，存于）
↑  "Capitalism." World Book Encyclopedia. 1988. p. 194.
↑  Cf. Nicholas Barr (2004) Economics of the Welfare State, 4th ed., Oxford University Press, pp. 72–79.
   Joseph E. Stiglitz (2000) Economics of the Public Sector, 3rd ed., Ch.4, W.W. Norton).
↑  臧传琴. . 《江汉论坛》. 2007, (2): 47-50.
↑  Roy E. Cordato.  (PDF). The Journal of Libertarian Studies. 1980, 4 (4): 393–403  [2013-06-08]. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2012-08-25）.
1 2  Warburton, David, Macroeconomics from the beginning: The General Theory, Ancient Markets, and the Rate of Interest. Paris: Recherches et Publications, 2003.p49
↑  Layton, Julia. (2008-03-11) The Rise of Capitalism （页面存档备份，存于）. History.howstuffworks.com. Retrieved on 2013-02-24.
1 2 3 4 5 6  Burnham, Peter. . Oxford University Press. 2003.
↑  Scott, John. . Oxford University Press. 2005.
↑  Schumpeter, J.A. (1954) History of Economic Analysis
↑  Quoted in Sir George Clark, The Seventeenth Century (New York: Oxford University Press, 1961), p. 24.
↑  Mancur Olson, The rise and decline of nations: economic growth, stagflation, and social rigidities (New Haven & London 1982).
1 2  Banaji, Jairus. . Journal Historical Materialism (Brill Publishers). 2007, 15: 47–74. doi:10.1163/156920607X171591.
↑  . Encyclopædia Britannica. 2006  [2013-06-08]. （原始内容存档于2009-05-24）.
↑  Polanyi, Karl. The Great Transformation. Beacon Press, Boston.1944.p87
1 2  .   [2013-06-08]. （原始内容存档于2008-12-02）.
1 2  LaHaye, Laura. . Concise Encyclopedia of Economics. Fortune Encyclopedia of Economics. 1993  [2013-06-08]. （原始内容存档于2021-05-11）.
↑  .   [2013-06-08]. （原始内容存档于2008-08-29）.
↑  Lucas, Robert E., Jr. . Cambridge: Harvard University Press. 2002: 109–10. ISBN 978-0-674-01601-9.
↑  Barnes, Trevor J. . Blackwell Publishing. 2004: 127. ISBN 0-631-23554-X.
1 2  Levinson, M. (2010). The Box: How the Shipping Container Made the World Smaller and the World Economy Bigger (New in Paper). Princeton University Press, p 219
↑  Norberg, Johan. (2005). In defence of Global Capitalism. Academic Foundation, p 99.
↑  Peter Evans, "The Eclipse of the State? Reflections on Stateness in an Era of Globalization," World Politics, 50, 1 (October 1997): 62-87.
↑  Henwood, Doug. . New Press. 1 October 2003. ISBN 1-56584-770-9.
↑  Degen, Robert. The Triumph of Capitalism. 1st ed. New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction Publishers, 2008.
↑  Samuelson, Paul A., William D. Nordhaus (2004). Economics. 18th ed., McGraw-Hill, ch. 2, "Markets and Government in a Modern Economy", Not Chaos, but Economic Order (and following, pp. 26–29; The Invisible Hand, pp. 30–31.
↑  Deardorff, Alan V., 2006. Glossary of International Economics, Division of labor （页面存档备份，存于）.
↑  Stigler, George J. (1951). "The Division of Labor Is Limited by the Extent of the Market." Journal of Political Economy, 59(3), pp. 185–193. （页面存档备份，存于）
↑  Stigler, George J. (1976). "The Successes and Failures of Professor Smith", Journal of Political Economy, 84(6), p. 1202 (pp. 1199-1213). Also published as Selected Papers, No. 50 (PDF) （页面存档备份，存于）, Graduate School of Business, University of Chicago.
↑  Hunt, E.K. . M.E. Sharpe. 2002: 92.
↑  David Ricardo, 1817. On the Principles of Political Economy and Taxation.
↑  Ronald Findlay, 2008. "comparative advantage", The New Palgrave Dictionary of Economics, 2nd Edition, 1st paragraph. Abstract （页面存档备份，存于）.
↑  Calhoun, Craig. . Oxford University Press. 2002.
↑  Eric Aaron, What's Right? (Dural, Australia: Rosenberg Publishing, 2003), 75.
1 2  . econlib.org.   [2013-06-08]. （原始内容存档于2008-12-21）.
↑  Roemer, J.E. (1987). "Marxian value analysis". The New Palgrave: A Dictionary of Economics, v. 3, 383.
   Mandel, Ernest (1987). "Marx, Karl Heinrich", The New Palgrave: A Dictionary of Economicsv. 3, pp. 372, 376.
↑  Karl Marx. . Marxists.   [26 February 2008]. （原始内容存档于2008-03-07）.
↑  Karl Marx. Chapter Twenty-Five: The General Law of Capitalist Accumulation. Das Kapital.
↑  Dobb, Maurice 1947  Studies in the Development of Capitalism.  New York: International Publishers Co., Inc.
↑  David Harvey 1989 The Condition of Postmodernity
↑  "Alienation", A Dictionary of Sociology
↑  Wheen, Francis Books That Shook the World: Marx's Das Kapital1st ed. London: Atlantic Books, 2006
↑  . Marxists. 1916  [26 February 2008]. （原始内容存档于2016-10-11）.
↑  Parsons, T. (1928). " Capitalism" In Recent German Literature: Sombart and Weber. The Journal of Political Economy, 36(6), 641-661.
↑  Bendix, Reinhard: Max Weber: An Intellectual Portrait. Love & Brydone; London, 1959
↑  Kilcullen, John. . Macquarie University.   [26 February 2008]. （原始内容存档于2012-05-21）.
↑  apud Bendix, Reinhard: Max Weber: An Intellectual Portrait. Love & Brydone; London, 1959
↑  Max Weber; Peter R. Baehr; Gordon C. Wells (2002). The Protestant ethic and the "spirit" of capitalism and other writings. Penguin.
↑   (PDF). Economy and Society.   [26 February 2008]. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2009-03-26）.
↑  Boettke, P. J. (1997). Where did economics go wrong? Modern economics as a flight from reality. Critical Review, 11(1), 11-64.
↑  Henderson, M. Todd and Spindler, James C., Corporate Heroin: A Defense of Perks, Executive Loans, and Conspicuous Consumption. Georgetown Law Journal, 2005. Available at SSRN.
↑  Simich, J. L., & Tilman, R. (1993). Thorstein Veblen and his Marxist Critics: An Interpretive Review. Thorstein Veblen: Critical Assessments, 14(3), 445.
↑  Paul Krugman. Peddling Prosperity: Economic Sense and Nonsense in an Age of Diminished Expectations. (Scranton, Pennsylvania: W. W. Norton, 1994), 10-15.
↑  Israel M. Kirzner (1987). "Austrian School of Economics," The New Palgrave: A Dictionary of Economics, v. 1, pp. 145–151.
↑  David Simpson, (1983) "Joseph Schumpeter and the Austrian School of Economics", Journal of Economic Studies, Vol. 10 Iss: 4, pp.18 – 28
↑   （页面存档备份，存于） What We Can Know About The World. Hans F. Sennholz.
↑   （页面存档备份，存于） Omnipotent Government. Ludwig Von Mises
↑  Gottfried Haberler in Milorad M. Drachkovitch (ed.), Marxist Ideology in the Contemporary World– Its Appeals and Paradoxes (New York: Praeger, 1966), p. 124
↑  Hein Schreuder, "Coase, Hayek and Hierarchy", In: S. Lindenberg et Hein Schreuder, dir., Interdisciplinary Perspectives on Organization Studies, Pergamon Press
↑  Rothbard, Murray N. . Modern Political Economy (Boston: Allyn and Bacon). 1973: 419–430  [2013-06-08]. （原始内容存档于2010-01-10）.
↑  Osterfeld, David. . The Review of Austrian Eonomics. 1991, 5 (1): 107–114.
↑  A Companion to the History of Economic Thought (2003). Blackwell Publishing. ISBN 978-0-631-22573-7 p. 452
↑  Tarshis, L. (1987). "Keynesian Revolution", The New Palgrave: A Dictionary of Economics, v. 3, pp. 47–50.
   Samuelson, Paul A., and William D. Nordhaus (2004). Economics, p. 5.
   Blaug, Mark (2007). "The Social Sciences: Economics", The New Encyclopædia Britannica, v. 27, p. 346. Chicago.
↑  Paul Mattick. . Marxists.   [26 February 2008]. （原始内容存档于2021-03-18）.
↑  Erhardt III, Erwin. "History of Economic Development." University of Cincinnati. Lindner Center Auditorium, Cincinnati. 7 November 2008.
↑  Friedman, Milton. "The Social Responsibility of Business is to Increase its Profits." The New York Times Magazine 13 Sep. 1970.
↑  Ben Bernanke. . The Federal Reserve Board. 2002-11-08  [2008-02-26]. （原始内容存档于2020-03-24）.
↑  Angus Maddison. . Paris: OECD. 2001. ISBN 92-64-18998-X.
↑  John V. C. Nye. "Standards of Living and Modern Economic Growth." The Concise Encyclopedia of Economics. 2008. Library of Economics and Liberty. Retrieved June 1, 2013 from the World Wide Web: http://www.econlib.org/library （页面存档备份，存于） Enc/StandardsofLivingandModernEconomicGrowth.html
↑  Samuelson, Paul A., and William D. Nordhaus (2004). Economics. 18th ed., McGraw-Hill, ch. 2, "Markets and Government in a Modern Economy", The Invisible Hand, p. 30.
   Blaug, Mark (2008). "invisible hand", The New Palgrave Dictionary of Economics, 2nd Edition, v. 4, pp. 564–66. Abstract （页面存档备份，存于）.
↑  Robert Lucas, Jr. (2002). The industrial revolution: Past and future. Lectures on economic growth, 109-188.
↑  DeLong, J. B. (1998). Estimating world GDP, one million BC–present （页面存档备份，存于）.
↑  Nardinelli, Clark. .   [26 February 2008]. （原始内容存档于2019-10-04）.
↑  Barro, Robert J. . MIT Press. 1997. ISBN 0-262-02436-5.
1 2  Martin Wolf, 2005, Why Globalization works, p. 43–45
↑  Berlin, Isaiah. (2002). Karl Marx: his life and environment. OUP USA.
↑  Friedrich Hayek. . University Of Chicago Press. 1944. ISBN 0-226-32061-8.
↑  Bellamy, Richard. . Cambridge University Press. 2003: 60. ISBN 0-521-56354-2.
↑  Hayek, F. "Law, Legislation and Liberty, Volume 2: The Mirage of Social Justice". University of Chicago Press, 1976.
↑  Rogers, Heather. . International Socialist Review.   [2008-03-13]. （原始内容存档于2021-05-10）.
↑  Shutt, Harry. . Zed Books. March 2010. ISBN 1848134177.
↑  Land, K. C., Knox Lovell, C. A., & Thore, S. (1994). Productive efficiency under capitalism and state socialism:: An empirical inquiry using chance-constrained data envelopment analysis. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 46(2), 139-152.
↑  Baumol, W. J. (2002). The free market innovation machine: Analyzing the growth miracle of capitalism. Princeton university press, p 16.
↑  Mill, John Stuart (1848, 1871, 7th ed.). Principles of Political Economy.
↑  Horvat, B. . Armonk, NY: M.E.Sharpe Inc. 1982: 11.
↑  Mankiw, N. Gregory.  8th. New York, NY: Worth Publishers. 2012: 63. ISBN 978-1-429-24002-4.
↑  Barr, N. A. (1993). The economics of the welfare state. Stanford university press, p 434-437.
↑  Nozick, Robert. (1974). Anarchy, state, and utopia. New York: Basic Books.
↑  Iannaccone, L. R. (1998). Introduction to the Economics of Religion. Journal of economic literature, 36(3), 1465-1495.
↑  . The Vatican.   [26 February 2008]. （原始内容存档于2013-06-23）.
↑  Squires, Nick (18 May 2013). Pope blames tyranny of capitalism for making people miserable （页面存档备份，存于）. The Age. Retrieved 18 May 2013.