1000年各國人口列表
参考资料

↑  Data from . United Nations.   [2024-07-13]. （原始内容存档于2014-03-20）.  
1950–2100 estimates (only medium variants shown): (a) World Population Prospects: The 2008 Revision. 的存檔，存档日期2010-08-19. 
Estimates prior to 1950: (b) "The World at Six Billion", 1999. （页面存档备份，存于） 
Estimates from 1950 to 2100: (c) "Population of the entire world, yearly, 1950 – 2100", 2013. （页面存档备份，存于） 
2014: (d) http://esa.un.org/unpd/wup/Highlights/WUP2014-Highlights.pdf （页面存档备份，存于） "2014 World Urbanization Prospects", 2014.] 
2015: (e) http://esa.un.org/unpd/wpp/Publications/Files/Key_Findings_WPP_2015.pdf （页面存档备份，存于） "2015 World Urbanization Prospects", 2015.]
↑  樂史. . 文海出版社. 1982  [2024-07-13]. （原始内容存档于2023-11-06） （中文）.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11  Maddison 2018.
1 2 3  Buringh 2010，第72頁.
↑  The lower figure comes from adding up the constituents in Buringh's figures. The higher is the combined population of Germany (5m), Austria (0.7m), Czechia (0.9m), Belgium (0.4m), the Netherlands (0.3m), Switzerland (0.3m), Slovenia (0.158m), a quarter of France (1.62m), and two-thirds of Italy (3.4m) in Avakov, p. 9-11.
↑   (PDF). （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2010-05-08）.
1 2 3 4 5 6  Avakov, Alexander V. . Algora. April 2015  [2017-10-13]. ISBN 9781628941012. （原始内容存档于2024-07-13）.
↑  W. Treadgold, A History of the Byzantine State and Society, 570
↑  .   [2015-07-23]. （原始内容存档于2015-08-26）.
↑  The themes of Nikopolis, Hellas, Peloponnesos, Thessaloniki, Strymon, Cephalonia, and Crete.
↑  Ebrey (1996), 166.
↑  Crossley, Pamela Kyle. . International Journal of Korean History. 2016, 21 (1): 11-44. doi:10.22372/ijkh.2016.21.1.11 .
↑  杨军. . 长春: 吉林人民出版社. 2007. ISBN 978-7-206-05510-2.
↑  战继发 (编). . 北京: 社会科学文献出版社. 2017: 53  [2024-07-13]. ISBN 978-7-5201-1397-7. （原始内容存档于2024-07-13）.
↑  (a) Jean-Noël Biraben, "The History of the Human Population From the First Beginnings to the Present" in "Demography: Analysis and Synthesis: A Treatise in Population" (Eds: Graziella Caselli, Jacques Vallin, Guillaume J. Wunsch) Vol 3, Chapter 66, pp 5–18, Academic Press, San Diego (2005). (b) Jean-Noël Biraben, "An Essay Concerning Mankind's Evolution", Population, Selected Papers, Vol. 4, pp. 1–13 (1980). (c) Jean-Noël Biraben, "Essai sur l'évolution du nombre des hommes", Population Vol. 34 (no. 1), pp. 13–25 (1979).
↑  .   [2018-06-29]. （原始内容 (TXT)存档于2007-09-29）.
↑  Б.Ц.Урланис.  (PDF): 89.   [2024-07-13]. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2015-09-23） （俄语）.
↑  Injae, Lee; Miller, Owen; Jinhoon, Park; Hyun-Hae, Yi. . Cambridge University Press. 2014-12-15  [2024-07-13]. ISBN 9781107098466. （原始内容存档于2024-07-13） （英语）.
↑  Sarah Klassen;  et al. . Science Advances. 2021-05-07, 7 (19). PMC 8104873 . PMID 33962951. doi:10.1126/sciadv.abf8441.
↑  .   [2024-07-13]. （原始内容存档于2023-12-11）.
↑  Aung-Thwin, Michael A. . University of Hawaii Press. 1985: 71, 95-96  [2024-07-13]. ISBN 978-0-8248-8008-8. （原始内容存档于2023-11-11） （英语）.
↑  Rabb, Péter. . Periodica Polytechnica Architecture. 2008-06-30, 38 (2): 58. doi:10.3311/pp.ar.2007-2.02.
1 2 3 4 5 6  Urlanis, B T︠S︡.  [Population growth in Europe]. Moskva: OGIZ-Gospolitizdat. 1941. OCLC 42379320 （俄语）.
↑  .   [2024-07-13]. （原始内容存档于2023-11-06）.
↑  Kiernan 2019，第168頁.
↑  Jerzy Lukowski, Hubert Zawadzki, A Concise History of Poland, Cambridge University Press, 2001, ISBN 0-521-55917-0, Google Print, p.6
↑  Spruyt, H. (1996). The Sovereign State and Its Competitors: An Analysis of Systems Change. Princeton University Press. p. 132. ISBN 978-0-691-02910-8.