性取向
參考文獻

↑  . kinseyinstitute.org.   [2021-04-06]. （原始内容存档于2002-05-29）.
↑  Lehmiller, Justin.  Second. John Wiley & Sons Ltd. 2018  [2021-04-06]. ISBN 9781119164739. （原始内容存档于2020-12-31）.
↑  Chinese Femininities, Chinese Masculinities: A Reader （页面存档备份，存于）, by Susan Brownell & Jeffrey N. Wasserstrom (Univ. of Calif. Press, 2002 (ISBN 0-520-22116-8, ISBN 978-0-520-22116-1)). Quote: "The problem with sexuality: Some scholars have argued that maleness and femaleness were not closely linked to sexuality in China. Michel Foucault's The History of Sexuality (which deals primarily with Western civilization and western Europe) began to influence some China scholars in the 1980s. Foucault's insight was to demonstrate that sexuality has a history; it is not fixed psycho-biological drive that is the same for all humans according to their sex, but rather it is a cultural construct inseparable from gender constructs. After unmooring sexuality from biology, he anchored it in history, arguing that this thing we now call sexuality came into existence in the eighteenth-century West and did not exist previously in this form. "Sexuality" is an invention of the modern state, the industrial revolution, and capitalism. Taking this insight as a starting point, scholars have slowly been compiling the history of sexuality in China. The works by Tani Barlow, discussed above, were also foundational in this trend. Barlow observes that, in the West, heterosexuality is the primary site for the production of gender: a woman truly becomes a woman only in relation to a man's heterosexual desire. By contrast, in China before the 1920s the "jia" (linage unit, family) was the primary site for the production of gender: marriage and sexuality were to serve the lineage by producing the next generation of lineage members; personal love and pleasure were secondary to this goal. Barlow argues that this has two theoretical implications: (1) it is not possible to write a Chinese history of heterosexuality, sexuality as an institution, and sexual identities in the European metaphysical sense, and (2) it is not appropriate to ground discussions of Chinese gender processes in the sexed body so central in "Western" gender processes. Here she echoes Furth's argument that, before the early twentieth century, sex-identity grounded on anatomical difference did not hold a central place in Chinese constructions of gender. And she echoes the point illustrated in detail in Sommer's chapter on male homosexuality in the Qing legal code: a man could engage in homosexual behavior without calling into question his manhood so long as his behavior did not threaten the patriarchal Confucian family structure."
↑  Norton, Rictor. . Bloomsbury Academic. 2016  [2021-04-09]. ISBN 9781474286923. （原始内容存档于2021-05-11）.  The author has made adapted and expanded portions of this book available online as A Critique of Social Constructionism and Postmodern Queer Theory （页面存档备份，存于）.
↑  Boswell, John.  (PDF). Duberman, Martin Bauml; Vicinus, Martha; Chauncey, Jr., George  (编). . Penguin Books. 1989: 17–36  [2021-04-09]. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2019-03-04）.
↑  Ruse, Michael. Honderich, Ted , 编. . Oxford: Oxford University Press. 2005: 399  [2021-04-09]. ISBN 0-19-926479-1. （原始内容存档于2021-05-11）.
↑  Between Men: HIV/STI Prevention For Men Who Have Sex With Men （页面存档备份，存于）, International HIV/AIDS Alliance.
↑  Clark, Jesse L.; Caceres, Carlos F.; Lescano, Andres G.; Konda, Kelika A.; Leon, Segundo R.; Jones, Franca R.; Kegeles, Susan M.; Klausner, Jeffrey D.; Coates, Thomas J. . PLOS ONE. 2007, 2 (8): e778. PMC 1945085 . PMID 17712426. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0000778.
↑  Zachary Green & Michael J. Stiers, Multiculturalism and Group Therapy in the United States: A Social Constructionist Perspective (Springer Netherlands, 2002), pp. 233–46.