病毒
參考文獻

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其实早在1887年，Buist就利用光学显微镜观察到经过染色的牛痘苗病毒（最大的病毒之一），但当时人们还不知道牛痘苗是一种病毒。(Buist J.B. Vaccinia and Variola: a study of their life history Churchill, London)
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As defined therein, "a virus species is a polythetic class of viruses that constitute a replicating lineage and occupy a particular ecological niche". A“polythetic" class is one whose members have several properties in common, although they do not necessarily all share a single common defining one. Members of a virus species are defined collectively by a consensus group of properties. Virus species thus differ from the higher viral taxa, which are“universal”classes and as such are defined by properties that are necessary for membership.
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