stanford-oval/wikipedia huggingface dataset:
圣费尔南多谷
地理特征

已隱藏部分未翻譯内容，歡迎參與。
The San Fernando Valley is about 260平方英里（670平方） bound by the Santa Susana Mountains to the northwest, the Simi Hills to the west, the Santa Monica Mountains and Chalk Hills to the south, the Verdugo Mountains to the east, and the San Gabriel Mountains to the northeast. The northern Sierra Pelona Mountains, northwestern Topatopa Mountains, southern Santa Ana Mountains, and Downtown Los Angeles skyscrapers can be seen from higher neighborhoods, passes, and parks in the San Fernando Valley.
The Los Angeles River begins at the confluence of Calabasas Creek (Arroyo Calabasas) and Bell Creek (Escorpión Creek), between Canoga Park High School and Owensmouth Avenue (just north of Vanowen Street) in Canoga Park. These creeks' headwaters are in the Santa Monica Calabasas foothills, the Simi Hills' Hidden Hills, Santa Susana Field Laboratory, and Santa Susana Pass Park lands. The river flows eastward along the southern regions of the Valley. One of the river's two unpaved sections can be found at the Sepulveda Basin.  A seasonal river, the Tujunga Wash, drains much of the western facing San Gabriel Mountains and passes into and then through the Hansen Dam Recreation Center in Lake View Terrace. It flows south along the Verdugo Mountains through the eastern communities of the valley to join the Los Angeles River in Studio City. Other notable tributaries of the river include Dayton Creek, Caballero Creek, Bull Creek, Pacoima Wash, and Verdugo Wash. The elevation of the floor of the valley varies from about 600英尺（180米） to 1,200英尺（370米） above sea level.
Most of the San Fernando Valley is within the jurisdiction of the City of Los Angeles, although a few other incorporated cities are located within the valley as well: Burbank is in the southeastern corner of the valley, and San Fernando, which is completely surrounded by Los Angeles, is in the northeastern valley. Universal City, an enclave in the southern part of the valley, is an unincorporated area housing the Universal Studios filming lot and theme park. Mulholland Drive, which runs along the ridgeline of the Santa Monica Mountains, marks the boundary between the valley and the communities of Hollywood and the Los Angeles Westside.
The San Fernando Valley has connection to other regions: The Santa Clarita Valley via Newhall Pass, the Westside via Sepulveda Pass, Hollywood via Cahuenga Pass, Simi Valley via Santa Susana Pass, and the Crescenta Valley via Interstate 210.
地理特征 > Habitat

The valley's natural habitat is a "temperate grasslands, savannas, and shrublands biome" of grassland, oak savanna, and chaparral shrub forest types of plant community habitats, along with lush riparian plants along the river, creeks, and springs. In this Mediterranean climate, post-1790s European agriculture for the mission's support consisted of grapes, figs, olives, and general garden crops.
地理特征 > Climate

The San Fernando Valley has a subtropical/hot-summer Mediterranean climate, with long, hot, dry summers, and short, warm winters, with chilly nights and sporadic rainfall. Due to its relatively inland location and other factors, summer days are typically hotter and winter nights typically colder than in the Los Angeles basin.
| 柏本克> 月份 | 柏本克> 1月 | 柏本克> 2月 | 柏本克> 3月 | 柏本克> 4月 | 柏本克> 5月 | 柏本克> 6月 | 柏本克> 7月 | 柏本克> 8月 | 柏本克> 9月 | 柏本克> 10月 | 柏本克> 11月 | 柏本克> 12月 | 柏本克> 全年 |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 历史最高温 °F（°C） | 92 (33) | 92 (33) | 98 (37) | 105 (41) | 107 (42) | 111 (44) | 114 (46) | 111 (44) | 114 (46) | 108 (42) | 102 (39) | 95 (35) | 114 (46) |
| 平均高温 °F（°C） | 67.5 (19.7) | 68.7 (20.4) | 70.4 (21.3) | 73.7 (23.2) | 76.6 (24.8) | 81.4 (27.4) | 88.3 (31.3) | 89.0 (31.7) | 87.2 (30.7) | 80.9 (27.2) | 73.7 (23.2) | 67.9 (19.9) | 77.1 (25.1) |
| 平均低温 °F（°C） | 41.7 (5.4) | 43.5 (6.4) | 45.7 (7.6) | 48.9 (9.4) | 53.5 (11.9) | 57.3 (14.1) | 61.2 (16.2) | 61.4 (16.3) | 59.2 (15.1) | 53.3 (11.8) | 46.0 (7.8) | 41.6 (5.3) | 51.1 (10.6) |
| 历史最低温 °F（°C） | 22 (−6) | 27 (−3) | 23 (−5) | 32 (0) | 39 (4) | 43 (6) | 45 (7) | 46 (8) | 43 (6) | 33 (1) | 29 (−2) | 22 (−6) | 22 (−6) |
| 平均降水量 （mm） | 3.35 (85) | 3.84 (98) | 2.84 (72) | 1.17 (30) | 0.27 (6.9) | 0.07 (1.8) | 0.01 (0.25) | 0.10 (2.5) | 0.20 (5.1) | 0.60 (15) | 1.51 (38) | 2.34 (59) | 16.29 (414) |
来源：
| 伍德蘭山（英语：）> 月份 | 伍德蘭山（英语：）> 1月 | 伍德蘭山（英语：）> 2月 | 伍德蘭山（英语：）> 3月 | 伍德蘭山（英语：）> 4月 | 伍德蘭山（英语：）> 5月 | 伍德蘭山（英语：）> 6月 | 伍德蘭山（英语：）> 7月 | 伍德蘭山（英语：）> 8月 | 伍德蘭山（英语：）> 9月 | 伍德蘭山（英语：）> 10月 | 伍德蘭山（英语：）> 11月 | 伍德蘭山（英语：）> 12月 | 伍德蘭山（英语：）> 全年 |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 历史最高温 °F（°C） | 93 (34) | 94 (34) | 101 (38) | 105 (41) | 113 (45) | 113 (45) | 119 (48) | 116 (47) | 121 (49) | 110 (43) | 101 (38) | 96 (36) | 121 (49) |
| 平均高温 °F（°C） | 67 (19) | 69 (21) | 71 (22) | 77 (25) | 80 (27) | 87 (31) | 93 (34) | 95 (35) | 90 (32) | 83 (28) | 73 (23) | 67 (19) | 79 (26) |
| 平均低温 °F（°C） | 41 (5) | 42 (6) | 43 (6) | 45 (7) | 49 (9) | 53 (12) | 56 (13) | 57 (14) | 55 (13) | 50 (10) | 43 (6) | 39 (4) | 48 (9) |
| 历史最低温 °F（°C） | 19 (−7) | 18 (−8) | 26 (−3) | 30 (−1) | 33 (1) | 36 (2) | 42 (6) | 42 (6) | 38 (3) | 27 (−3) | 23 (−5) | 20 (−7) | 18 (−8) |
| 平均降水量 （mm） | 4.27 (108) | 4.26 (108) | 3.63 (92) | 0.85 (22) | 0.30 (7.6) | 0.06 (1.5) | 0.02 (0.51) | 0.16 (4.1) | 0.26 (6.6) | 0.60 (15) | 1.47 (37) | 2.32 (59) | 18.20 (462) |
来源：
政治概况

已隱藏部分未翻譯内容，歡迎參與。
The San Fernando Valley contains six incorporated cities: Burbank, Calabasas, Glendale, Hidden Hills, San Fernando, and part of Los Angeles; which governs the majority of the valley. The unincorporated communities of Universal City and West Chatsworth are governed by the County of Los Angeles.
政治概况 > Representation

The Los Angeles city section of the valley is divided into seven city council districts: 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, and 12. Of the 95 neighborhood councils in the city, 34 are in the valley. The valley is represented in the California State Legislature by five members of the State Assembly: Jesse Gabriel (D), Luz Rivas (D), Adrin Nazarian (D), Suzette Martinez Valladares (R), and Laura Friedman (D). The valley is represented by three members of the State Senate: Henry Stern (D), Bob Hertzberg (D) and Anthony Portantino (D). The valley falls into five congressional districts: the 25th, 28th, 29th, 30th, and 33rd, represented respectively by Mike Garcia (R), Adam Schiff (D), Tony Cárdenas (D), Brad Sherman (D), and Ted Lieu (D). The valley is represented in the Los Angeles County Board of Supervisors, by two supervisorial districts, with the western portion represented by Sheila Kuehl (D) and the eastern portion by Kathryn Barger (R).
政治概况 > Politics

The San Fernando Valley, for the most part, tends to support Democrats in state and national elections.
政治概况 > Services

The Los Angeles satellite administrative center for the valley, The Civic Center Van Nuys, is in Van Nuys. The area in and around the Van Nuys branch of Los Angeles City Hall is home to a police station, limited and unlimited jurisdiction superior courts and Los Angeles city and county administrative offices. Northridge is home to California State University, Northridge (originally named San Fernando Valley State College).
Many branches of the Los Angeles Public Library are located in the valley.
For independent libraries see "Incorporated Cities (independent)" in the "Municipalities and districts" list below.
Los Angeles Police Department, Los Angeles County Sheriff's Department, and independent valley city departments.
Los Angeles Fire Department, Los Angeles County Fire Department, Burbank Police Department, and independent valley city departments.
City of Los Angeles neighborhood councils
Panorama of San Fernando Valley from Universal Studios
发展历史

已隱藏部分未翻譯内容，歡迎參與。
发展历史 > Pre-California statehood

The valley was a center of "the crossroads of cultures and languages, including the Tongva, Fernandeño, and Chumash." The Tongva, later known as the Gabrieleño Mission Indians after colonization, the Tataviam to the north, and Chumash to the west, had lived and thrived in the valley and its arroyos for over 8,000 years. They had numerous settlements, and trading and hunting camps, before the Spanish arrived in 1769 to settle in the Valley.
The first Spanish land grant in the San Fernando Valley (or El Valle de Santa Catalina de Bononia de los Encinos) was called "Rancho Encino" (present-day Mission Hills on the Camino Viejo before Newhall Pass), in the northern part of the San Fernando Valley. Juan Francisco Reyes built an adobe dwelling beside a Tongva village or rancheria at natural springs, but the land was soon taken from him so that a mission could be built there. Mission San Fernando Rey de España was established in 1797 as the 17th of the 21 missions. The land trade granted Juan Francisco Reyes the similarly named Rancho Los Encinos, also beside springs (Los Encinos State Historic Park in present-day Encino). Later the Mexican land grants of Rancho El Escorpión (West Hills), Rancho Providencia and Rancho Cahuenga (Burbank), and Rancho Ex-Mission San Fernando (rest of valley) covered the San Fernando Valley.[來源請求]
The Treaty of Cahuenga, ending the Mexican–American War fighting in Alta California, was signed in 1847 by Californios and Americans at Campo de Cahuenga, the Verdugo Family adobe at the entrance to the Cahuenga Pass in the southeast San Fernando Valley (North Hollywood). The 1848 Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo ended the entire war.
发展历史 > California statehood and beyond

The Valley officially became part of the State of California on September 9, 1850, when the California Statehood Act was approved by the federal government.
In 1874, dry wheat farming was introduced by J. B. Lankershim and Isaac Van Nuys, which became very productive for their San Fernando Homestead Association that owned the southern half of the valley. In 1876, they sent the first wheat shipment from both San Pedro Harbor and from the United States to Europe.
发展历史 > 21st century

By the late 1990s, the San Fernando Valley had become more urban and more ethnically diverse with rising poverty and crime. In 2002, the valley tried to secede from the city of Los Angeles and become its own incorporated city to escape Los Angeles' perceived poverty, crime, gang activity, urban decay, and poorly maintained infrastructure. Since that unsuccessful secession attempt, a new Van Nuys municipal building was built in 2003; the Metro Orange Line opened in October 2005; 35 new public schools had opened up by 2012, and the valley's ethnic plurality is now Hispanic, edging out its white population by 0.8 percent.[來源請求]
By 2017, numerous urban development projects began in the valley, mainly in the Los Angeles neighborhoods of North Hollywood, Panorama City, and Woodland Hills. These projects started with the first few in Woodland Hills and the NoHo West project in North Hollywood began groundbreaking and construction on April 6, 2017.[來源請求]
LA Metro will begin construction on upgrades of the Metro G Line in 2021 with at-grade crossing gates and two bridges crossing both Sepulveda and Van Nuys Boulevards. The valley will get its first light rail line in seven decades by 2027, with construction of the line beginning in 2021 along Van Nuys Boulevard and San Fernando Road.[來源請求]
公园场所

已隱藏部分未翻譯内容，歡迎參與。
The San Fernando Valley is home to numerous neighborhood city parks, recreation areas and large Regional Open Space preserves. Many preserves are maintained as public parkland by the National Park Service's Santa Monica Mountains National Recreation Area, the California State Parks, and local county and municipal parks districts.
公园场所 > Small garden parks and missions

The Japanese Garden
The gardens at Adobes
The Orcutt Ranch Horticulture Center
The Leonis Adobe
The Andrés Pico adobe
Los Encinos State Historic Park
Mission San Fernando
公园场所 > Recreation areas

Griffith Park, located at the southeastern end of the valley in the Hollywood Hills
Sepulveda Dam recreation area
Hansen Dam recreation area
Los Angeles River, with parks of various sizes along the part of the river located in the valley
公园场所 > Mountain open-space parks

Backbone Trail System
Bell Canyon Park
Brand Park
Chatsworth Park South
Deukmejian Wilderness Park
El Escorpión Park
Juan Bautista de Anza National Historic Trail
La Tuna Park
Laurel Canyon Park
Marvin Braude Mulholland Gateway Park
O'Melveny Park above Granada Hills
Rocky Peak Park
Sage Ranch Park (located in Simi Valley)
San Vicente Mountain Park, above Encino
Santa Susana Pass State Historic Park
Topanga State Park
Upper Las Virgenes Canyon Open Space Preserve
Verdugo Mountains Open Space Preserve
Wilacre Park
Wildwood Canyon Park, above Burbank
Wilson Canyon Park, above Sylmar
市政社区

已隱藏部分未翻譯内容，歡迎參與。
市政社区 > Incorporated cities (independent)

Burbank
Calabasas
Glendale
Hidden Hills
Los Angeles
San Fernando
市政社区 > Unincorporated communities

Universal City
West Chatsworth
市政社区 > City of Los Angeles neighborhoods of the San Fernando Valley

Arleta
Canoga Park
Chatsworth
Encino
Granada Hills
Lake Balboa
Lake View Terrace
Mission Hills
NoHo Arts District
North Hills
North Hollywood
Northridge
Pacoima
Panorama City
Porter Ranch
Reseda
Shadow Hills+
Sherman Oaks
Sherwood Forest
Studio City
Sun Valley
Sylmar
Tarzana
Toluca Lake
Toluca Terrace
Toluca Woods
Valley Glen
Valley Village
Van Nuys
Warner Center
West Hills
Winnetka
Woodland Hills
+ These communities are also included in the Crescenta Valley.
经济情况

已隱藏部分未翻譯内容，歡迎參與。
The Valley is home to numerous companies, the most well known of which work in motion pictures, music recording, and television production. The former movie ranches were branches of original studios now consisting of CBS Studio Center, NBCUniversal, The Walt Disney Company (and its ABC television network), and Warner Bros.
The valley was previously known for advances in aerospace technology and nuclear research by companies such as Lockheed, Rocketdyne and its Santa Susana Field Laboratory, Atomics International, Litton Industries, Marquardt, and TRW's predecessor Thompson Ramo Wooldridge.
经济情况 > Adult entertainment

The valley became the pioneering region for producing adult films in the 1970s and grew to become home to a multibillion-dollar pornography industry, earning the monikers Porn Valley, Silicone Valley (in contrast to Silicon Valley, nickname for the Santa Clara Valley), and San Pornando Valley. The leading trade paper for the industry, AVN magazine, is based in the Northwest Valley, as were a majority of U.S. adult video and magazine distributors. The Paul Thomas Anderson film, Boogie Nights explores these aspects of the valley. According to the HBO series Pornucopia, at one time, nearly 90 percent of all legally distributed pornographic films made in the United States were either filmed in or produced by studios based in the San Fernando Valley.
The pornography industry began to decline by the mid-2000s, owing, for the most part, to the growing amount of free content on the Internet, which undercut consumers' willingness to pay. In 2007 industry insiders estimated that revenue for most adult production and distribution companies had declined 30 percent to 50 percent and the number of new films made had fallen sharply.
经济情况 > Utilities and infrastructure

Most of the utilities in the valley are served by public municipal governments, primarily the cities of Los Angeles, and Burbank, while there are only two private-owned utilities for gas and electricity in the valley as well. Southern California Edison has their overhead power lines going through the city of Burbank and through the Los Angeles city neighborhoods of Sylmar, Mission Hills, Arleta, North Hollywood, Studio City, Woodland Hills, Granada Hills, Porter Ranch, and Chatsworth as well. Internet, cable television, and cellular phone service in the valley are by large private companies.
The valley is served by the following utility companies:
Electricity
Los Angeles Department of Water and Power (serves the entire Los Angeles city section of the valley, which is two thirds of the land area, and is also the largest electric utility in the San Fernando Valley)
Burbank Water and Power
Southern California Edison (serves the cities of San Fernando, Calabasas, and Hidden Hills)
Natural gas
Southern California Gas Company
Water
Los Angeles Department of Water and Power (serves the entire Los Angeles city section of the valley, which is two thirds of the land area)
Burbank Water and Power
City of San Fernando
Metropolitan Water District
Internet and Cable Television
AT&T
Frontier Communications
Charter Communications (Spectrum)
Cell Phone Service
AT&T
T-Mobile
Cricket Wireless
Verizon Wireless
Sanitation
City of Los Angeles
City of San Fernando (Republic Services, Inc.)
City of Burbank
交通运输

已隱藏部分未翻譯内容，歡迎參與。
交通运输 > Freeways

Major freeways cross the Valley, including Interstate 405 (San Diego Freeway), U.S. Route 101 (Ventura Freeway/Hollywood Freeway), State Route 118 (Ronald Reagan Freeway), State Route 170 (Hollywood Freeway), Interstate 210 (Foothill Freeway), and Interstate 5 (Golden State Freeway). Notable streets include Sepulveda Boulevard, Ventura Boulevard, Laurel Canyon Boulevard, San Fernando Road, Victory Boulevard, Reseda Boulevard, Riverside Drive, Mulholland Drive, and State Route 27 (Topanga Canyon Boulevard).
交通运输 > Rapid transit

Subway, dedicated transitway, and express and local buses, provided by many agencies, serve the San Fernando Valley. Some of the former rights-of-way of the Pacific Electric Railway, which first accelerated population growth in the Valley, have been repurposed for busways and light rail lines.
The Los Angeles County Metropolitan Transportation Authority operates two Metro B Line subway stations in the Valley, which are located at Universal City and North Hollywood, which connect it directly to Hollywood and Downtown Los Angeles. The Metro B Line is the first heavy rail subway in the valley, extended from its prior terminus in 2000. With transfers, it connects the Valley to the entire Metro regional light rail and subway network. The B Line's two Valley subway stations provide access to national travel through Bob Hope Airport and Amtrak and regional travel through Metrolink, Metro Rapid, Metro Local, and the Metro G Line. Metro approved a new light rail line, the East San Fernando Valley Transit Corridor. A new north–south light rail line on Van Nuys Boulevard from the G Line Van Nuys Station is planned. Construction is set to begin in 2021 with a completion date of 2027.
The G Line busway uses a dedicated transitway route running the east–west length of the Valley connecting the North Hollywood B Line Station to the Warner Center Transit Hub in Woodland Hills and then heads north through Canoga Park to the Chatsworth Metrolink train station.
Two additional Metro Busway lines are planned for the Valley operating from North Hollywood station: the North Hollywood–Pasadena Transit Line which will run to Pasadena with connections to the L Line, and the North San Fernando Valley Transit Corridor which will provide additional east-west services complimenting the G Line. Metro is also studying a route through the Sepulveda Pass, the Sepulveda Pass Transit Corridor, including heavy rail and monorail alternatives.
交通运输 > Rail and air

Metrolink commuter rail has two Valley lines, the Antelope Valley Line and Ventura County Line, which connect the Valley and beyond to downtown Los Angeles and south, becoming one line at the Downtown Burbank station. Metrolink always had one Burbank Airport station on the Ventura County Line, but a second Burbank Airport station was built in 2017 on the Antelope Valley Line.
Amtrak's Pacific Surfliner long-distance rail line has stops at Burbank Airport station, Van Nuys, and Chatsworth Station, before proceeding on to Ventura County, Santa Barbara, and Northern California or Union Station and San Diego.
The California High-Speed Rail Authority was planning two stations in the Valley, one in Burbank and the other in Sylmar, but the proposed Sylmar high-speed rail station was canceled owing to local opposition from the city of San Fernando. As of now, there's only one planned station in the valley, located in Burbank with an initial section of the railroad possibly opening in 2029.
The Valley's two major airports are Hollywood Burbank Airport and the Van Nuys Airport. The Van Nuys–Airport FlyAway Terminal provides nonstop scheduled shuttle service to LAX and back to the valley, with parking.
教育

已隱藏部分未翻譯内容，歡迎參與。
Public schools in the San Fernando Valley are served by three unified school districts; The Northwest and East Regions of the Los Angeles Unified School District, the Glendale Unified School District and the Burbank Unified School District. There are four community colleges in the valley; Los Angeles Valley College in Valley Glen, Los Angeles Mission College in Sylmar, and Los Angeles Pierce College in Woodland Hills. All except Glendale College are served by the Los Angeles Community College District. The only state university in the San Fernando Valley is California State University Northridge in Northridge.
In 1994 there were 180,000 PK-12 students attending Los Angeles Unified School District (LAUSD) campuses in the Valley. During the same year, about 45,000 PK-12 students, or one in five of all such students, attended the over 200 private schools in the Valley.
文化

已隱藏部分未翻譯内容，歡迎參與。
Cultural assets in the San Fernando Valley include:
The Great Wall of Los Angeles – A 2,754-英尺（839-）-long mural designed by Judy Baca and painted on the sides of the Tujunga Wash, depicting the history of California.
The Mission San Fernando Rey de España - Is a Spanish mission in the Mission Hills district of Los Angeles, California. The mission was founded on September 8, 1797, and was the seventeenth of the twenty-one Spanish missions established in Alta California. Named for Saint Ferdinand, the mission is the namesake of the city of San Fernando and the San Fernando Valley.
文化 > Museums

San Fernando Valley museums:
The Nethercutt Collection – Museum in Sylmar best known for its collection of classic automobiles, also has collections of mechanical musical instruments and antique furniture.
Valley Relics Museum – Museum in Van Nuys dedicated to the history and pop culture of the San Fernando Valley. It was once located in Chatsworth, California.
Gordon R. Howard Museum complex in Burbank, California.
Autry Museum of the American West – near Burbank in Griffith Park.
Travel Town Museum – near Burbank in Griffith Park.
Discovery Cube Los Angeles - Children's museum in Hansen Dam.
The Museum of the San Fernando Valley in Northridge.
文化 > Convention center

The San Fernando Valley has a convention center located in the city of Burbank, east of the Burbank Airport, at the Marriott Hotel.
文化 > Performing arts venues

San Fernando Valley performing arts venues:
The Starlight Bowl – A 5,000-capacity amphitheater built in 1950, located in Burbank.
The Valley Performing Arts Center – Located on the CSUN campus, features a 1,700-seat concert hall.
文化 > Amusement parks

The San Fernando Valley once had an amusement park in the Van Nuys neighborhood of Los Angeles. Busch Gardens was located at the Budweiser brewery in the middle of the valley, but it was torn down in the late 1970s to make room for a massive brewery expansion. As of now, the only amusement park in the San Fernando Valley is Universal Studios Hollywood in unincorporated Universal City.
医疗保健

已隱藏部分未翻譯内容，歡迎參與。
There are two Kaiser Permanente hospitals serving the San Fernando Valley, one in Panorama City and one in Woodland Hills. Also, there are two Providence hospitals, in Burbank and Mission Hills. Besides Kaiser Permanente and Providence hospitals, most of the valley is served by non-profit hospitals such as: Valley Presbyterian Hospital in Van Nuys, Northridge Hospital Medical Center in Northridge, Olive View – UCLA Medical Center in Sylmar, Encino Hospital Medical Center in Encino, Providence Tarzana Medical Center in Tarzana, and Sherman Oaks Hospital in Sherman Oaks.
獨立與分裂

已隱藏部分未翻譯内容，歡迎參與。