苏联红军
参考资料

↑  Davies, Norman, Sunday Times, 05/11 2006, Since 75%–80% of all German losses were inflicted on the eastern front it follows that the efforts of the western allies accounted for only 20%–25%  请检查|date=中的日期值 (帮助); 缺少或|title=为空 (帮助).
↑  Lenin, Vladmir Ilich, ,  24, Marx 2 Mao: 55–91,   [29 May 2010], （原始内容存档于2017-03-26） .
↑  Wollenberg, Erich, , Marxists FR,   [28 May 2010], （原始内容存档于2012-03-08） .
1 2 3  ,  (decree), The Council of People's Commissars, 15 January 1918  [28 May 2010], （原始内容存档于2011-07-21） .
↑  Bonch-Bruyevich, Mikhail, , Vezey, Vladimir transl, Progress Publishers: 232, 1966 .
↑  , Soviet History, （原始内容存档于2013-12-27） .
↑  Siegelbaum, Lewis. . Seventeen Moments in Soviet History.   [2014-01-21]. （原始内容存档于2013-12-27）. The Red Army's soldiers, overwhelmingly peasant in origin, received pay but more importantly, their families were guaranteed rations and assistance with farm work.
↑  Shaw 1979，第86–87頁.
1 2  Erickson 1962，第72–3頁.
↑  , RU: FST Anitsa, （原始内容存档于2008-06-04） （俄语） .
↑  Lototskiy, SS, , Moscow: Progress Publishers: 25, 1971  cited in Scott & Scott 1979，第3頁 harvnb模板錯誤: 無指向目標: CITEREFScottScott1979 (幫助).
1 2  Viktor Suvorov, , New York: Macmillan, 1984 .
↑  Scott & Scott 1979，第8頁. sfn模板錯誤: 無指向目標: CITEREFScottScott1979 (幫助)
↑  Read, Christopher, , 牛津大学出版社: 137, 1996, By 1920, 77 per cent the enlisted ranks were peasants.
↑  Williams 1987: ‘Conscription-age (17–40) villagers hid from Red Army draft units; summary hostage executions brought the men out of hiding.’
1 2  Chamberlain 1957，第131頁.
↑  Erickson 1962，第31–34頁.
↑  Efimov, N,  [The Civil War 1918–21] Second, Moscow: 95, c. 1928 （俄语） , cited in Erickson 1962，第33頁.
1 2  Williams 1987.
↑  Overy 2004，第446頁:
↑  Overy 2004，第446頁
↑   16. London; Oxford: The Central Asian Research Centre in association with the Soviet Affairs Study Group, St. Antony's College. 1968: 250  [2011-01-01]. （原始内容存档于2019-05-03）.
↑  Khvostov, Mikhail. . Men-at-arms series 1. Osprey Publishing. 1995: 15-16  [2014-10-27]. ISBN 9781855326088. （原始内容存档于2016-05-08）. Only volunteers could join, thay had to be aged between 14 and 55 and of fanatic loyaly - communists, idealistic workers and peasants, trade union members and members of the Young Comm[...]unist League (Komsomol). ChON units fought in close co-operation with the Cheka and played an important part in the establishment of Soviet rule and the defeat of counter-revolution. They were always present at the most dangerous points on the battlefield, and were usually the last to withdraw. When retreat was the only option, many Chonovtsi stayed behind in occupied areas to form clandestine networks and partisan detachments. 
Compare spetsnaz.
↑  Daniels, Robert V, , UPNE: 70, 1993, ISBN 978-0-87451-616-6, The Cheka Special Punitive Brigades also were charged with detecting sabotage and counter-revolution among Red Army soldiers and commanders.
↑  Brovkin, Vladimire, , Slavic Review, Autumn 1990, 49 (3): 350–73, doi:10.2307/2499983 .
↑  Erickson 1962，第38–9頁.
↑  Volkogonov, Dmitri, Shukman, Harold , 编, , London: HarperCollins: 180, 1996 .
↑  Erickson 1962，第101頁.
↑  Erickson 1962，第102–7頁.
↑  Erickson 1962，第167頁.
↑  Habeck, Mary R, , 康奈尔大学出版社, 2003, ISBN 0-8014-4074-2 .
↑  Lin, Hsiao-ting, : 58, 2010 .
↑  Барышников, ВН; Саломаа, Э. . Военная Литература. 2005  [3 November 2009]. （原始内容存档于2008-11-06） （俄语）.
↑  Ковалев, Эрик. . Военная Литература. 2006  [3 November 2009]. （原始内容存档于2009-05-15） （俄语）.
↑  М. Коломиец.  [Фронтовая иллюстрация]. 2001  [3 November 2009]. （原始内容存档于20 July 2012） （俄语）.
↑  Александр Широкорад.  [Предыстория Зимней войны]. Военная Литература. 2001  [3 November 2009]. （原始内容存档于2009-02-02） （俄语）.
↑  . 国际联盟. 1939-12-14  [2009-07-24]. （原始内容存档于2015-06-24）.
↑  Bullock (1993). p. 489.
↑  Glanz (1998). p. 58.
1 2  Ries (1988)
1 2  Edwards 2006 harvnb模板錯誤: 無指向目標: CITEREFEdwards2006 (幫助).
↑  Glantz 1998，第15頁.
1 2  Glantz 1998.
↑  Glantz 1998，第292–95頁.
↑  Glantz 2005，第61–62頁.
↑  Glantz 2005，第181頁.
↑  Merridale 2006，第157頁: ‘Red Army soldiers who shot or injured themselves to avoid combat usually were summarily executed, to save the time and money of medical treatment and a court martial’.
↑  Toppe, Alfred, , Diane: 28, 1998, ISBN 978-0-7881-7080-5, The Wehrmacht and the Soviet Army documented penal battalions tramplers clearing minefields; on 28 December 1942, Wehrmacht forces on the Kerch peninsula observed a Soviet penal battalion running through a minefield, detonating the mines and clearing a path for the Red Army.
↑  Tolstoy 1981: ‘Stalin's Directive 227, about the Nazi use of the death penalty and penal units as punishment, ordered Soviet penal battalions established.’
1 2  Tolstoy 1981.
1 2  Кривошеев, ГФ [Krivosheev, GF],  [Russia and the USSR in the wars of the 20th century: losses of the Armed Forces. A Statistical Study] （俄语） .
↑  Erlikman, Vadim, , Moscow, 2004, ISBN 5-93165-107-1 （俄语） .
↑  Glantz 2005，第600–2頁.
↑  Overmans 2000:
↑  Overmans 2000
↑  Overy, Richard,  .[页码请求]
↑  , , News from Russia, 2003-06-13, （原始内容存档于2009-10-11） .
↑  Bessel, Richard, , Pocket Books: 116–18, 2010, ISBN 978-1-41652-619-3 .
↑  Beevor, Antony,  .
↑  Taylor, G. Don. . CRC Press. 2010: 1–6  [2022-03-04]. （原始内容存档于2020-08-19）.
↑  Zaloga, Steven. . Osprey Publishing. 2011: 3–12  [2022-03-04]. （原始内容存档于2016-05-18）.
↑  Stolfi, Russel HS. . 俄克拉荷马大学出版社. 1993: 161–62  [2022-03-04]. （原始内容存档于2020-10-20）.
↑   [The flag Hoax]. RU: Vexillographia.   [11 September 2010]. （原始内容存档于2010-09-09） （俄语）.
↑  Scott & Scott 1979，第5頁. sfn模板錯誤: 無指向目標: CITEREFScottScott1979 (幫助)
↑  Scott & Scott 1979，第12頁. sfn模板錯誤: 無指向目標: CITEREFScottScott1979 (幫助)
↑  Glantz 2005，第717 note 5頁.
1 2  Knickerbocker, HR. . Reynal & Hitchcock. 1941: 93.
↑  Sharp, Charles, , , I: The Deadly Beginning, George Nafziger: 2–3, 1995 , cited at , （原始内容存档于2004-10-15） .
1 2  House 1984，第96頁.
↑  Zaloga 1984，第126頁. sfn模板錯誤: 無指向目標: CITEREFZaloga1984 (幫助)
↑  Glantz，第35頁. sfn模板錯誤: 無指向目標: CITEREFGlantz (幫助)
↑  Glantz 1998，第117頁.
↑  Glantz 2005，第179頁.
↑  Glantz 2005，第189頁.
↑  Glantz 2005，第217–30頁.
↑  Scott & Scott 1979，第13頁. sfn模板錯誤: 無指向目標: CITEREFScottScott1979 (幫助)
↑  Erickson 1962.
↑  Schofield 1991，第67–70頁.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8  Merridale 2007，第70頁.
↑  Edwin P. Hoyt. 199 Days: The Battle for Stalingrad (1999) p 20
↑  Lloyd Clark. . Grove/Atlantic, Incorporated. 2011: 55  [2022-03-04]. （原始内容存档于2021-04-23）.
↑  Eyal Lewin. . Lexington Books. 2012: 259–60  [2022-03-04]. （原始内容存档于2020-08-20）.
↑  Ilai Z. Saltzman. . Lexington Books. 2012: 85–86  [2022-03-04]. （原始内容存档于2020-08-19）.
↑  Bullock, Alan, , New York: Vintage Books: 489, 1993 .
↑  Glantz 1998，第58頁.