塞尔柱帝国
参考资料

1 2  Savory, R. M. and Roger Savory, Introduction to Islamic civilisation, (Cambridge University Press, 1976 ), 82.
↑  Black, Edwin, Banking on Baghdad: inside Iraq's 7,000-year history of war, profit and conflict, (John Wiley and sons, 2004), 38.
1 2 3  C.E. Bosworth, "Turkish Expansion towards the west" in UNESCO HISTORY OF HUMANITY, Volume IV, titled "From the Seventh to the Sixteenth Century", UNESCO Publishing / Routledge, p. 391: "While the Arabic language retained its primacy in such spheres as law, theology and science, the culture of the Seljuk court and secular literature within the sultanate became largely Persianized; this is seen in the early adoption of Persian epic names by the Seljuk rulers (Qubād, Kay Khusraw and so on) and in the use of Persian as a literary language (Turkish must have been essentially a vehicle for everyday speech at this time)
↑  Concise encyclopedia of languages of the world, Ed. Keith Brown, Sarah Ogilvie, (Elsevier Ltd., 2009), 1110;Oghuz Turkic is first represented by Old Anatolian Turkish which was a subordinate written medium until the end of the Seljuk rule.".
↑  A New General Biographical Dictionary, Vol.2, Ed. Hugh James Rose, (London, 1853), 214.
↑  Grousset, Rene, The Empire of the Steppes, (New Brunswick:Rutgers University Press, 1988), 167.
↑  Grousset, Rene, The Empire of the Steppes, (New Brunswick:Rutgers University Press, 1988),159,161; "In 1194, Togrul III would succumb to the onslaught of the Khwarizmian Turks, who were destined at last to succeed the Seljuks to the empire of the Middle East."
↑  , A. C. S. Peacock, Anatolian Studies, Vol. 54, (2004), 97; With the growth of Seljuk power in Rum, a more highly developed Muslim cultural life, based on the Persianate culture of the Great Seljuk court, was able to take root in Anatolia.
↑  Meisami, Julie Scott, Persian Historiography to the End of the Twelfth Century, (Edinburgh University Press, 1999), 143; Nizam al-Mulk also attempted to organise the Saljuq administration according to the Persianate Ghaznavid model..
1 2 3  M.A. Amir-Moezzi, "Shahrbanu", Encyclopaedia Iranica, Online Edition, (LINK 的存檔，存档日期2007-03-11.): "... here one might bear in mind that non-Persian dynasties such as the Ghaznavids, Saljuqs and Ilkhanids were rapidly to adopt the Persian language and have their origins traced back to the ancient kings of Persia rather than to Turkmen heroes or Muslim saints ..."
1 2  Josef W. Meri, "Medieval Islamic Civilization: An Encyclopedia", Routledge, 2005, p. 399
1 2  Michael Mandelbaum, "Central Asia and the World", Council on Foreign Relations (May 1994), p. 79
1 2  Jonathan Dewald, "Europe 1450 to 1789: Encyclopedia of the Early Modern World", Charles Scribner's Sons, 2004, p. 24: "Turcoman armies coming from the East had driven the Byzantines out of much of Asia Minor and established the Persianized sultanate of the Seljuks."
↑  Grousset, Rene, The Empire of the Steppes, (Rutgers University Press, 1991), 161,164; "..renewed the Seljuk attempt to found a great Turko-Persian empire in eastern Iran..", "It is to be noted that the Seljuks, those Turkomans who became sultans of Persia, did not Turkify Persia-no doubt because they did not wish to do so. On the contrary, it was they who voluntarily became Persians and who, in the manner of the great old Sassanid kings, strove to protect the Iranian populations from the plundering of Ghuzz bands and save Iranian culture from the Turkoman menace."
↑  Possessors and possessed: museums, archaeology, and the visualization of history in the late Ottoman Empire; By Wendy M. K. Shaw; Published by University of California Press, 2003, ISBN 0520233352, 9780520233355; p. 5.
↑
Jackson, P. . Journal of Islamic Studies (Oxford Centre for Islamic Studies). 2002, 13 (1): 75–76. doi:10.1093/jis/13.1.75.
Bosworth, C. E. (2001). Notes on Some Turkish Names in Abu 'l-Fadl Bayhaqi's Tarikh-i Mas'udi. Oriens, Vol. 36, 2001 (2001), pp. 299-313.
Dani, A. H., Masson, V. M. (Eds), Asimova, M. S. (Eds), Litvinsky, B. A. (Eds), Boaworth, C. E. (Eds). (1999). History of Civilizations of Central Asia. Motilal Banarsidass Publishers (Pvt. Ltd).
Hancock, I. (2006). ON ROMANI ORIGINS AND IDENTITY. The Romani Archives and Documentation Center. The University of Texas at Austin.
Asimov, M. S., Bosworth, C. E. (eds.). (1998). History of Civilizations of Central Asia, Vol. IV: The Age of Achievement: AD 750 to the End of the Fifteenth Century, Part One: The Historical, Social and Economic Setting. Multiple History Series. Paris: UNESCO Publishing.
Dani, A. H., Masson, V. M. (Eds), Asimova, M. S. (Eds), Litvinsky, B. A. (Eds), Boaworth, C. E. (Eds). (1999). History of Civilizations of Central Asia. Motilal Banarsidass Publishers (Pvt. Ltd).
↑  C.E. Bosworth, "Turkmen Expansion towards the west" in UNESCO HISTORY OF HUMANITY, Volume IV, titled "From the Seventh to the Sixteenth Century", UNESCO Publishing / Routledge, p. 391.
↑  Mehmed Fuad Koprulu's, "Early Mystics in Turkish Literature", Translated by Gary Leiser and Robert Dankoff , Routledge, 2006, pg 149.
↑  Stephen P. Blake, "Shahjahanabad: The Sovereign City in Mughal India, 1639-1739". Cambridge University Press, 1991. pg 123: "For the Seljuks and Il-Khanids in Iran it was the rulers rather than the conquered who were "Persianized and Islamicized"
↑  O.Özgündenli, "Persian Manuscripts in Ottoman and Modern Turkish Libraries", Encyclopaedia Iranica, Online Edition, (LINK 的存檔，存档日期2012-01-22.)
↑  Encyclopaedia Britannica, "Seljuq", Online Edition, (LINK （页面存档备份，存于）): "... Because the Turkish Seljuqs had no Islamic tradition or strong literary heritage of their own, they adopted the cultural language of their Persian instructors in Islam. Literary Persian thus spread to the whole of Iran, and the Arabic language disappeared in that country except in works of religious scholarship ..."
↑  M. Ravandi, "The Seljuq court at Konya and the Persianisation of Anatolian Cities", in Mesogeios (Mediterranean Studies), vol. 25-6 (2005), pp. 157-69
↑  F. Daftary, "Sectarian and National Movements in Iran, Khorasan, and Trasoxania during Umayyad and Early Abbasid Times", in History of Civilizations of Central Asia, Vol 4, pt. 1; edited by M.S. Asimov and C.E. Bosworth; UNESCO Publishing, Institute of Ismaili Studies: "... Not only did the inhabitants of Khurasan not succumb to the language of the nomadic invaders, but they imposed their own tongue on them. The region could even assimilate the Turkic Ghaznavids and Seljuks (eleventh and twelfth centuries), the Timurids (fourteenth–fifteenth centuries), and the Qajars (nineteenth–twentieth centuries) ..."
↑  "The Turko-Persian tradition features Persian culture patronized by Turkic rulers"." See Daniel Pipes: "The Event of Our Era: Former Soviet Muslim Republics Change the Middle East" in Michael Mandelbaum, "Central Asia and the World: Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Tajikistan, Kyrgyzstan, Turkemenistan and the World", Council on Foreign Relations, p. 79. Exact statement: "In Short, the Turko-Persian tradition featured Persian culture patronized by Turcophone rulers."
↑  Grousset, Rene, The Empire of the Steppes, (Rutgers University Press, 1991), 574.
↑  Bingham, Woodbridge, Hilary Conroy and Frank William Iklé, History of Asia, Vol.1, (Allyn and Bacon, 1964), 98.
↑
Golden, P. B., Harrasowitz, O.(1992) An Introduction to the History of the Turkic Peoples. pg 386.
Perry, J. Iran & the Caucasus, Vol. 5, (2001), pp. 193-200. THE HISTORICAL ROLE OF TURKISH IN RELATION TO PERSIAN OF IRAN
Bosworth, C.E. Arran in Encyclopedia Iranica
According to Fridrik Thordarson, "Iranian influence on Caucasian languages. There is general agreement that Iranian languages predominated in Azerbaijan from the 1st millennium b.c. until the advent of the Turks in a.d. the 11th century (see Menges, pp. 41-42; Camb. Hist. Iran IV, pp. 226-28, and VI, pp. 950-52). The process of Turkicization was essentially complete by the beginning of the 16th century, and today Iranian languages are spoken in only a few scattered settlements in the area."
↑  愛德華.吉朋《羅馬帝國衰亡史》【第五卷】
↑  馮作民《西洋全史》(5)
↑  布林頓《西洋文化史》第二卷
↑  海天書樓《基督教二千年史》
↑  Holt 1989，第11, 14–15頁 harvnb模板錯誤: 無指向目標: CITEREFHolt1989 (幫助).
|  论 编塞爾柱王朝 |
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早期的塞爾柱統治者:  杜卡克·貝格  塞爾柱·貝格  米迦勒（英语：）  阿爾斯蘭·伊斯拉里  穆薩·葉護（土耳其語：） 
塞爾柱帝國蘇丹（1037年－1194年）:  图赫里勒·贝格  阿爾普·阿爾斯蘭  马立克沙一世  馬哈茂德一世（英语：）  巴爾基雅魯克  馬立克沙二世（英语：）  穆罕默德一世（英语：）  馬哈茂德二世（英语：）與艾哈迈德·桑贾尔  達烏德  圖赫里勒二世（英语：）  馬蘇德（英语：）  馬立克沙三世（英语：）  穆罕默德二世（英语：）  蘇萊曼沙（英语：）  阿爾斯蘭沙  圖赫里勒三世 
呼羅珊統治者（1040年－1118年）:  恰格勒·贝格  阿爾普·阿爾斯蘭  阿爾斯蘭沙  托格罕沙  阿爾斯蘭-阿爾貢  艾哈迈德·桑贾尔 
克爾曼統治者（英语：）（1048年－1188年）:  卡伏特（英语：）  克爾曼沙  侯賽因  蘇丹沙  圖蘭沙一世  伊蘭沙（英语：）  阿爾斯蘭沙一世（英语：）  穆罕默德沙一世  圖赫里勒沙  巴赫拉姆沙  阿爾斯蘭沙二世  圖蘭沙二世  穆罕默德沙二世（英语：） 
大馬士革統治者（英语：）（1076年－1105年）:  阿齐兹·伊本·乌瓦克  突突什一世（英语：）  杜卡克  突突什二世  伊塔什（英语：） 
阿勒頗統治者（英语：）（1086年－1117年）:  阿克·桑庫爾·哈吉卜（英语：）  突突什一世（英语：）  拉德溫（英语：）  阿爾普·阿爾斯蘭·阿赫拉斯（英语：）  蘇丹沙·伊本·拉德溫（英语：） 
魯姆蘇丹國蘇丹（1092年－1307年）:  庫塔爾米什  蘇萊曼沙阿一世  基利傑阿爾斯蘭一世  馬立克沙  梅蘇德一世  基利傑阿爾斯蘭二世  凱霍斯魯一世  蘇萊曼沙阿二世  基利傑阿爾斯蘭三世  凱考斯一世  凱庫巴德一世  凱霍斯魯二世  凱考斯二世  基利傑阿爾斯蘭四世  凱庫巴德二世  凱霍斯魯三世  梅蘇德二世  凱庫巴德三世