2023年纳戈尔诺-卡拉巴赫攻势
參考資料

↑  . Barron's. 2023-09-20  [2023-09-22]. （原始内容存档于2023-09-23）. The offensive was seen as a major victory for Azerbaijan, which won a 2020 war with Armenia and has since sought to repopulate Karabakh.
↑  . 环球网. 2023-09-28  [2023-09-28]. （原始内容存档于2023-09-28）.
↑  Ebel, Francesca. . Washington Post. 2023-09-28  [2023-09-28].
↑  . Reuters. 2023-09-20  [2023-09-20]. （原始内容存档于2023-09-20）. Under the agreement, confirmed by both sides and effective from 1 pm (0900 GMT) on Wednesday, separatist forces will disband and disarm and talks on the future of the region and the ethnic Armenians who live there will start on Thursday.
↑  . Barron's. 2023-09-20  [2023-09-20]. （原始内容存档于2023-09-20）.
↑  . Reuters. 2024-12-07  [2024-02-13]. （原始内容存档于2023-12-09）.
↑  Mehman, Asif. . Trend News Agency（英语：）. 2023-09-20  [2023-09-20]. （原始内容存档于2023-09-20）.
1 2  . TASS.   [2023-09-22]. （原始内容存档于2023-09-22）.
1 2  . Azeri Press Agency.   [2023-09-27] （英语）.
1 2 3  . news.am. 2023-09-20  [2023-09-20]. （原始内容存档于2023-09-21）.
↑  . Trend News Agency. 2023-09-19  [2023-09-19]. （原始内容存档于2023-09-19） （阿塞拜疆语）.
↑  . Trend News Agency（英语：）. 2023-09-20  [2023-09-21]. （原始内容存档于2023-09-20）.
1 2  . Trend News Agency（英语：）. 2023-09-21  [2023-09-21]. （原始内容存档于2023-09-21） （阿塞拜疆语）.
↑  . Euronews. 2023-09-27  [2023-09-27]. （原始内容存档于2023-09-27）.
↑  . Stratfor（英语：）. 2023-09-19  [2023-09-22]. （原始内容存档于2023-09-19）. ...the Russian peacekeeping contingent is incapable of preventing Azerbaijan's seizure of the region, despite this being a clear violation of the November 2020 ceasefire brokered by Russia that ended the last war.
↑  . www.europarl.europa.eu.   [2023-09-21]. （原始内容存档于2023-09-22） （英语）. We condemn in the strongest terms today's pre-planned and unjustified attack of Azerbaijan against Nagorno-Karabakh...We recall that the attack takes place in the context of a major humanitarian crisis in Nagorno-Karabakh, following Azerbaijan's blockade of the Lachin Corridor for the past nine months, in violation of Baku's commitments under the ceasefire statement of 9 November 2020 and of the legally binding orders of the International Court of Justice. Humanitarian access to Nagorno-Karabakh needs to be fully and permanently restored.
↑  Ilyushina, Mary. . The Washington Post. 2023-09-19  [2023-09-19]. （原始内容存档于2023-09-19）. Azerbaijan and Armenia have repeatedly clashed over Nagorno-Karabakh, which is internationally recognized as part of Azerbaijan but largely populated by ethnic Armenians and largely governed by the unrecognized Republic of Artsakh.
1 2  Roth, Andrew. . The Guardian. 2023-09-19  [2023-09-19]. （原始内容存档于2023-09-19）.
↑  . Armenpress.   [2023-09-20]. （原始内容存档于2023-09-21）.
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↑  . CIVILNET. 2023-09-20  [2023-09-20]. （原始内容存档于2023-09-20）.
↑  . Meduza.   [2023-09-21]. （原始内容存档于2023-09-21）.
↑  . Rheinische Post. 2023-09-21  [2023-09-21]. （原始内容存档于2023-09-21）.
1 2  Moreno Ocampo, Luis. . The Washington Post. 2023-09-22  [2023-09-22]. （原始内容存档于2023-09-22）.
↑  Trevelyan, Mark; Trevelyan, Mark. . Reuters. 2023-09-20  [2023-09-22]. （原始内容存档于2023-09-23） （英语）.
↑  . Global Voices. 2023-07-19  [2023-07-24]. （原始内容存档于2023-07-27） （英语）.
↑  Isayev, Heydar. . eurasianet.org. 2022-04-20  [2023-01-02]. （原始内容存档于2023-01-02） （英语）.
↑  Vock, Ido. . New Statesman. 2023-06-08  [2023-06-09]. （原始内容存档于2023-06-08） （美国英语）. President Aliyev told Nagorno-Karabakh Armenians to 'obey the laws of Azerbaijan [and] be a loyal and normal citizen of Azerbaijan'. He threatened that if the territory’s separatist institutions were not dissolved, Azerbaijan would dissolve them by force and rejected the prospect of international protections for ethnic Armenians.
↑  . The Lemkin Institute for Genocide Prevention. 2023-05-30  [2023-09-19]. （原始内容存档于2023-05-31）.
↑  . wilsoncenter.org.   [2023-04-04]. （原始内容存档于2023-04-04） （英语）. For nearly 30 years, they built a self-proclaimed independent republic with democratic elections, a free press, and a range of public institutions. Officially, it remained within the territorial boundaries of Azerbaijan, unrecognized by any foreign country, though international mediators made reference to the right of self-determination for local Armenians as part of ongoing peace talks.
↑  . Freedom House. 2023-09-11  [2023-09-20]. （原始内容存档于2012-01-23） （英语）.
↑  . Amnesty International.   [2023-09-20]. （原始内容存档于2023-09-03） （英语）.
↑  Hauer, Neil. . www.intellinews.com. 2023-07-31  [2023-08-01]. （原始内容存档于2023-08-14） （英语）. With Azerbaijan now starving the 120,000 people it claims are its citizens, many observers now agree that the idea that Karabakh Armenians can live safely in Ilham Aliyev’s Azerbaijan is hardly credible.
↑  Boy, Ann-Dorit. . Der Spiegel. 2023-01-18  [2023-01-19]. （原始内容存档于2023-01-21） （英语）.
↑   [Azerbaijani "activists" are blocking the road from Karabakh to Armenia. At the same time, gas disappeared in Karabakh]. BBC News Русская Служба.   [2023-09-19]. （原始内容存档于2023-04-12） （俄语）.
↑  . Caucasus Watch. 2023-04-25  [2023-06-12]. （原始内容存档于2023-08-05） （英语）. The following week saw a reconfiguration of road links and military positions in the Lachin Corridor, with Azerbaijani forces constructing a new military post, taking control of strategic heights, ignoring Russian calls to return to their original locations, and seizing land in Armenia around the new road leading from the villages of Tegh and Kornidzor towards Karabakh.
↑  . Council of Europe – Parliamentary Assembly: Committee on Migration, Refugees and Displaced Persons. 2023-06-20  [2023-09-19]. PDF. （原始内容存档于2023-07-19）. [the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe]...is extremely worried by events...which culminated on 12 December 2022 with the interruption of the free and safe passage through the Lachin corridor and the subsequent deliberate cutting of electricity and gas supplies to the region... [The Assembly]...urges Azerbaijan to restore electricity and gas supplies without delay or impediment.
↑  Marques, Pedro; Kaljurand, Marina; Santos, Isabel; Hajšel, Robert; Incir, Evin; Loiseau, Nathalie; Auštrevičius, Petras; Bilbao Barandica, Izaskun; Charanzová, Dita; Chastel, Olivier; Cseh, Katalin; Gheorghe, Vlad; Grošelj, Klemen; Guetta, Bernard; Hahn, Svenja; Karlsbro, Karin; Melchior, Karen; Nart, Javier; Paet, Urmas; Ries, Frédérique; Šimečka, Michal; Ştefănuță, Nicolae; Strugariu, Ramona; Vautmans, Hilde; von Cramon‑Taubadel, Viola; Weimers, Charlie; Fragkos, Emmanouil; Kruk, Elżbieta; Dzhambazki, Angel; Zalewska, Anna; Brudziński, Joachim Stanisław; Kanko, Assita; Jurzyca, Eugen; Bielan, Adam; Fidanza, Carlo; Ruissen, Bert‑Jan; Kouloglou, Stelios; Castaldo, Fabio Massimo. . www.europarl.europa.eu.   [2023-06-22]. （原始内容存档于2023-01-21） （英语）. whereas this humanitarian crisis was further aggravated by Azerbaijan’s disruption of the natural gas supply to Nagorno-Karabakh, which left houses, hospitals and schools without heating...[the European Parliament]...urges Azerbaijan to refrain from undermining the functioning of transport, energy and communication connections between Armenia and Nagorno-Karabakh in future.
↑  Hauer, Neil. . www.intellinews.com. 2023-07-31  [2023-08-01]. （原始内容存档于2023-08-14） （英语）. Occasional ICRC and Russian traffic continued to pass until June 15, at which point Azerbaijan halted all humanitarian deliveries. No food, medicine or fuel has entered Nagorno-Karabakh since.[直到6月15日，红十字国际委员会和俄罗斯的运输仍偶尔通行，此时阿塞拜疆停止了所有人道主义物资的运送。此后，没有任何食品、药品或燃料进入纳戈尔诺-卡拉巴赫。]
↑  POSTON, ALEXIS. . fundforpeace.org. 2023-06-07  [2023-06-08]. （原始内容存档于2023-07-20）. Armenian civilians of Nagorno Karabakh and surrounding regions along the Armenian-Azerbaijani border are threatened by Azerbaijan’s military and face violence if they try to leave Armenian territory within disputed areas. [纳戈尔诺-卡拉巴赫和亚美尼亚-阿塞拜疆边境周边地区的亚美尼亚平民受到阿塞拜疆军队的威胁，如果他们试图离开争议地区内的亚美尼亚领土，就会面临暴力。]
↑  Gray, Sébastien. . Atlas News. 2023-01-09  [2023-01-10]. （原始内容存档于2023-02-27） （美国英语）.
↑  Avetisyan, Ani. . OC Media. 2023-01-17  [2023-01-18]. （原始内容存档于2023-03-16） （美国英语）. Daily two-hour power cuts instituted on 9 January were replaced with four-hour daily power cuts on 17 January.
↑  Presse, AFP-Agence France. . www.barrons.com.   [2023-04-23]. （原始内容存档于2023-04-23） （美国英语）.
↑  . Politico. 2023-04-23  [2023-05-03]. （原始内容存档于2023-05-02） （英语）.
↑  Green, Anna. . EVN Report. 2023-07-28  [2023-08-16]. （原始内容存档于2023-09-07） （美国英语）.
↑  Ivanova, Polina. . Financial Times. 2023-08-15  [2023-08-16]. （原始内容存档于2023-08-16）. Others see the escalating humanitarian situation as a way to trigger an exodus. It is "indirect ethnic cleansing", said Giragosian, of the Regional Studies Center. "Not by bayonet, but rather by creating unbearable conditions." Suleymanov, the Azerbaijani ambassador, said Baku instead wanted to achieve full integration of the people of Nagorno-Karabakh. "They are our citizens", he said, adding that he believed they would be passport-holders soon.
↑  . Democracy Now!.   [2023-08-11]. （原始内容存档于2023-06-06） （英语）. ... Russia is not opposed to allowing Azerbaijan use a hybrid warfare strategy such as this one, which is blockading the only corridor that’s a lifeline to, quite basically, eventually pressure Armenia into an actual peace deal, into concessions ...
↑  Green, Anna. . EVN Report. 2022-12-20  [2023-08-11]. （原始内容存档于2023-08-25） （美国英语）. By utilizing pseudo eco-protesters instead of military movements by Azerbaijani forces, as was the previous strategy, and causing a humanitarian crisis accompanied with false narratives and disinformation, Azerbaijan is employing hybrid warfare tactics against the Armenians. This operation is pursuing short-, mid- and long-term objectives.
↑  Johnson, Josiah. . American Enterprise Institute – AEI. 2023-08-10  [2023-08-11]. （原始内容存档于2023-09-20） （美国英语）.
↑  Ochab, Dr Ewelina U. . Forbes.   [2023-08-09]. （原始内容存档于2023-08-10） （英语）. Luis Moreno Ocampo, the founding Prosecutor of the International Criminal Court, argues that "there is a reasonable basis to believe that a genocide is being committed against Armenians living in Nagorno-Karabakh in 2023," adding that it "should be considered a genocide under Article II (c) of the [UN Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide] (Genocide Convention): 'Deliberately inflicting on the group conditions of life calculated to bring about its physical destruction.'" Ocampo further added that “There are no crematories, and there are no machete attacks. Starvation is the invisible genocide weapon. Without immediate dramatic change, this group of Armenians will be destroyed in a few weeks.”
↑  Ռ/Կ, «Ազատություն». . «Ազատ Եվրոպա/Ազատություն» ռադիոկայան. 2023-08-09  [2023-08-11]. （原始内容存档于2023-08-11） （亚美尼亚语）.
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↑   (PDF). Lemkin Institute for Genocide Prevention. 2023-09-05  [2023-09-19]. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2023-09-20）.
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1 2 3  . Associated Press. 2023-09-19  [2023-09-19]. （原始内容存档于2023-09-19） （美国英语）.
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↑  . POLITICO. 2023-09-19  [2023-09-19]. （原始内容存档于2023-09-19） （英语）. Siranush Sargsyan, a local Karabakh Armenian journalist, told POLITICO that neither she nor any of her family had received SMS messages warning of the attack and said it was impossible to trust Azerbaijan’s “humanitarian corridor” offer to leave. “How can I trust them? They will kill me, definitely,” she added.
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↑  . International Federation for Human Rights.   [2023-09-22]. （原始内容存档于2023-09-23）. 'We have to prevent a mass expulsion of ethnic Armenians from Nagorno-Karabakh,' remarks Oleksandra Matviichuk, FIDH’s Vice-President, 'and we fear that the worst is yet to come for civilians who are left at the mercy of the advancing hostile forces unless the international community intervenes.' The international community must intervene to prevent genocide.
↑  , Genocide Watch, 2022-09-23  [2023-01-03], （原始内容存档于2023-02-27）
↑  . Lemkin Institute.   [2022-12-22]. （原始内容存档于2023-02-27）.
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↑  Rhodes, January. . Illinois Holocaust Museum. 2023-01-31  [2023-05-04]. （原始内容存档于2023-05-04）.
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↑  . POLITICO. 2023-04-28  [2023-05-04]. （原始内容存档于2023-09-20）. France's foreign minister has joined international observers in warning of the risk of 'ethnic cleansing' in the breakaway region.
↑  . www.foreign.senate.gov. 2023-02-02  [2023-05-07]. （原始内容存档于2023-08-24）. Today, Armenians in Nagorno-Karabakh face an acute humanitarian crisis, threats of ethnic cleansing, and chronic shortages of water, energy, healthcare, and food.
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↑  . Radio Free Europe. 2023-08-09  [2023-09-22]. （原始内容存档于2023-08-11） （亚美尼亚语）. '...there is reasonable basis to believe that President Aliyev has Genocidal intentions: he has knowingly, willingly and voluntarily blockaded the Lachin Corridor even after having been placed on notice regarding the consequences of his actions by the ICJ’s provisional orders,' the founding prosecutor of the International Criminal Court wrote in his conclusion.
↑  Ocampo, Luis Moreno. . www.justsecurity.org. 2023-08-11  [2023-08-11]. （原始内容存档于2023-09-23）.
↑   (PDF). The Lemkin Institute for Genocide Prevention.   [2023-09-19]. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2023-09-20）. President Aliyev’s intention to commit genocide against the Armenian of Nagorno-Karabakh “should be deduced from his informed, voluntary and antagonistic decisions with full disregard of the International Court of Justice orders....President Aliyev's public statements, coupled with his government's openly Armenophobic practices, clearly display the Azerbaijani regime’s goal to completely eliminate the ethnic Armenian community residing in Artsakh, striving to eradicate any Armenian presence from the region. These verbalized aspirations, frequently translated into legal measures and manifested through the cited criminal acts detailed in this report, meet the criteria for the essential intent necessary for classifying these actions as genocidal.
↑  . OC Media. 2023-09-19  [2023-09-19]. （原始内容存档于2023-09-19） （美国英语）. Political analyst and peace activist Bahruz Samadov said the goal was the ethnic cleansing of the region’s Armenian population. ‘The ultimate goal is to de-Armenianize Nagorno-Karabakh. The constant ontological insecurity that Azerbaijan preserves in [Nagorno-Karabakh] is the policy that has a destination — to destroy Nagorno-Karabakh’s agency. The same policy of blockage and bombardment already took place in the 1990s.’
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↑  . Azerbaijan State News Agency. 2023-09-23  [2023-09-26]. （原始内容存档于2023-09-26） （英语）.