拉丁語法律術語列表
普通法

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| 術語或短語 | 英語翻譯 | 中文翻譯 |
| --- | --- | --- |
| a fortiori | "much more so"; from the stronger case; with stronger reason; with greater force | 何況；更不用說；更加；更有理由 |
| a posteriori | "from what comes after"; inductive reasoning | 憑經驗的；推溯；歸納；由果溯因 |
| a priori | "from what comes before"; deductive reasoning | 先驗的；推理；演繹；由因及果 |
| a quo | "from which" | 來自；由此 |
| ab initio | "from the beginning" | 一開始；從一開始；由最初開始；自始 |
| actus reus | "guilty act" | 犯罪行為 |
| ad hoc | "for this purpose" | 特設；專責 |
| ad idem | "of the same thing or result"; of the same mind; essentially the same | 一致；同心；意見相同 |
| ad infinitum | "without limit" | 永遠；無限 |
| ad litem | "for the suit" | 為了訴訟的目的 |
| ad valorem | "according to value" | 從價 |
| allocatur | "it is allowed" | 訟費評定證明書 |
| alter ego | "other self" | 藉法人假借的身分 |
| amicus curiae | "friend of the court" | 法庭之友〔不屬訴訟一方而主動或應法庭邀請就案件提供意見或協助的人〕 |
| animus possidendi | "intention to possess a thing" | 管有意圖；擁有某物的意圖 |
| animus testandi | "intention to make a testament or will" | 訂立遺囑的意圖 |
| bona vacantia | "goods that belong to no one" | 無主財物 |
| casus belli | "case belligerent" | 宣戰原因；足以引起戰爭的挑釁；開戰理由 |
| caveat emptor | "let the buyer beware" | 買者自慎 |
| certiorari | "to be apprised" | 移審令；移審令狀；移審撤銷令 |
| Cessante ratione legis cessat et ipsa lex. | When the reason of the law ceases, the law itself also ceases. | 法律本身隨法理消失而告終 |
| compos mentis | "master of one's mind"; full possession of mental powers | 精神健全 |
| consensus ad idem | "a meeting of minds" | 意見一致；達成協議 |
| contra proferentem | "the words of a contract are to be taken most strongly against the person who proposes it"; in full verba chartarum fortius accipiuntur contra proferentem | 解釋合約條文時應以不利於條文提出者的解釋為準（的原則） |
| coram non judice | "not before a judge"; or before a judge not authorised to take cognizance | 不在法官席前；在無審判權的法官席前 |
| corpus delicti | "the body of a crime" | 犯罪事實；犯罪遺體；罪體 |
| corpus juris | "the body of law"; the law as the sum of laws | 法令大全；法典 |
| crimen falsi | "the crimes of falsifying"; dishonesty, fraud, corruption, perjury, forgery, etc; also falsi crimen | 與偽造、欺詐、貪污、作偽證等有關的罪行 |
| curia advisari vult; cur. adv. vult | "the court will advise"; the court will consider | 容後判決 |
| trespass de bonis asportatis | "trespass for carrying goods away"; trespass to goods | 侵害動產行為；侵物行為 |
| de bonis non administratis; d.b.n. | "(of) the goods not administered" | 待管遺產；未作管理的遺產；未分配的遺產 |
| de facto | "of fact"; in fact | 事實上；事實；實際上 |
| de jure | "of law"; according to law | 法律上；法律；按照法律的 |
| De minimis non curat lex. | The law does not take account of trifles. | 法律不問瑣事 |
| de minimis principle |  | 「法律不問瑣事」的原則 |
| de novo | "anew" | 更始；重新 |
| Deorum injuriae diis curae. | "The gods take care of injuries to the gods." | 得罪神者，神將自罰之〔刑法上的褻瀆罪屬侵害公眾的罪行，而非侵害神明的罪行〕 |
| dictum | "a saying" | 法官的意見 |
| doli incapax | "incapable of guilt" | 無犯罪能力；無能力犯罪 |
| donatio mortis causa | "gift in contemplation of death"; also gift mortis causa | 臨終贈予；臨終贈與；臨終遺贈；預期死亡而作出的贈與 |
| duces tecum | "bring with you" | 着令攜帶文件出庭 |
| ejusdem generis | "as of the same kind" | 同類；同類原則 |
| et sequentes; et seq. | "and those which follow" | 以及下列各項；以及其後的；及以下的 |
| ex aequo et bono | of equity and the good | 公平善意原則 |
| ex ante | "from before"; based on assumption and prediction | 事前；預期 |
| ex cathedra | "from the chair"; with authority | 來自權威方面 |
| ex delicto | "from a tort"; offence against the law; in tort | 在侵權法上；由於侵權而引起的（訴訟） |
| ex facie | "from the face"; in view of what is apparent | 形式上；從表面看 |
| ex gratia | "out of grace"; as a favour; not by legal necessity | 特惠 |
| ex officio | "by virtue of one's office" | 當然；依職權 |
| ex parte | "from a party"; from or on behalf of only one side to a law suit | 單方面 |
| ex post | "from after"; based on knowledge and facts | 具追溯力的；根據過去 |
| ex post facto | "form what is done afterward"; after the fact | 事後；事後的 |
| ex proprio motu | "of his own motion" | 出於自願的；自動作出的；主動作出 |
| exempli gratia; e.g. | "for the sake of example"; as an example | 例如 |
| extant | "existing" | 現存；維持 |
| factum | "a fact"; a thing done | 已發生的事；既成之事 |
| felo de se | "felon of himself"; suicide | 自殺 |
| fiat | "let it be done" | 指令；准照 |
| fieri facias | "may you cause to be done" | 財物扣押 |
| writ of fieri facias | "may you cause to be done" | 扣押債務人財產令狀；財物扣押令 |
| forum non conveniens | "an inappropriate forum" | 不便審理的法院；不便訴訟地 |
| functus officio | "having performed his/her office" | 職份已完；權責終結 |
| gravamen of the offence |  | 罪行重點 |
| guardian ad litem |  | 訴訟監護人；辯護監護人 |
| writ of habeas corpus | "may you have the body" | 人身保護令；人身保護令狀 |
| hostis humani generis | "enemy of the human race" | 人類公敵 |
| in absentia | "being absent from" | 缺席 |
| in camera | "in a chamber" | 以非公開形式；在法官私室（審議）；閉門 |
| in curia | within or of the court; in open court | 在法庭內 |
| in esse | "in being"; in actual existence | 確實存在的 |
| in extenso | "in full"; at length; unabridged | 全文；未經刪減；詳盡 |
| in forma pauperis | "in the form of a poor person"; not liable for court costs | 以貧窮者身分免付訟費 |
| in futuro | "in the future" | 將來的 |
| in limine | "on the threshold" | 最初；開始 |
| in loco parentis | "in the place of a parent" | 代替父母地位；身居父母地位 |
| in pari delicto | "in equal fault" | 同樣有錯；皆有過失 |
| In pari delicto melior est conditio possidentis. | When both parties are equally at fault, the position of the possessor is the better. | 在雙方皆有過失的情況下管有者佔優勢 |
| In pari delicto potior est conditio defendentis. | In a case of equal or mutual fault the defending party is in the better position. | 在雙方皆有過失的情況下被告人佔優勢 |
| in pari materia | "upon an analogous matter or subject" | 在類似情況下；關於同一事宜 |
| in personam | "against a person" | 對人 |
| in propria persona | "in one's own person" | 無律師代表；親自（出庭） |
| in re | "in the matter of"; regarding | 有關……事宜；關於……事 |
| in rem | "against a thing" | 對物 |
| in situ | "in place"; back in place | 原址；在原處；就地 |
| in terrorem | "in order to frighten" | 威嚇性的；警告性的 |
| in toto | "entirely; completely; wholly" | 整個；全部；完全 |
| indicia | "indications" | 標誌；記號；證明；象徵 |
| infra | "below" | 以下；在下面的 |
| injuria absque damno | "injury without damage"; also injuria sine damno | 沒有造成損害的法律過失〔不產生賠償權〕 |
| injuria sine damno | "injury without damage" | 未造成損害的侵權行為 |
| innuendo | "by nodding"; meaning; to wit; that is to say | 影射；暗指；狀書的註解；譏諷；附註句 |
| inter alia | "among other things" | 其中包括；連同其他事宜 |
| inter se | "between or among themselves" | 相互之間 |
| inter vivos | "between living persons"; from one living person to another | 在世時；生者之間 |
| gift inter vivos | "between living persons"; from one living person to another | 生者之間的贈予 |
| intra vires | "within the powers of" | 在權限以內 |
| ipse dixit | "he himself said it"; bare assertion | 未經證實之言；武斷的話；親口所述的未經證實之言 |
| ipsissima verba | "the selfsame words" | 一如其言；確切原文 |
| ipso facto | "by that very fact"; by its very nature; regardless of right or wrong | 因此事實 |
| entail ipso jure | "the law itself" | 在法律上……導致 |
| jurat | "(He) swears" | 誓章末處 |
| jus | "law"; "right"; "justice" | 權利；法；法則；法律 |
| jus accrescendi | right of survivorship | 尚存者取得權 |
| jus ad bellum | right to war | 戰爭權 |
| jus civile | "law of the citizen"; also civil law | 民事法律；民法；私法 |
| jus cogens | "coercive law" | 強制性法則 |
| jus gentium | "the law of nations"; international law | 國際法；國際法律；國際間的法律 |
| jus in bello | "law in war"; law of war | 戰爭法 |
| jus naturale | "the law of nature"; private natural right; natural law | 自然法則 |
| plea of jus tertii | "the right of a third party", plea of the right of a  third party | 第三方權利之訴 |
| lacuna | "void"; "gap" | 法律漏洞；空白；空隙；缺陷；脫漏 |
| lacuna in legislative provisions | "void"; "gap" | 法律條文的空隙 |
| lacuna in the evidence | "void"; "gap" | 證據上的空隙 |
| lex fori | "the law of the forum or court" | 審判地法 |
| lex loci actus | "the law of the place where an act is done" | 行為地法 |
| lex loci celebrationis | "the law of the place where a ceremony is performed" | 儀式舉行地法 |
| lex loci contractus | "the law of the place where a contract is made" | 締約地法 |
| lex loci delictus | "the law of the place where the tort was committed" | 侵權行為發生地法 |
| lex situs | "the law of the place where the property is located"; also lex loci rei sitae | 財產所在地法 |
| lex scripta | "written law" | 成文法 |
| lex non scripta | "unwritten law" | 不成文法 |
| lis pendens | "a suit pending in court"; suit pending in court | 待決案件 |
| locus | "place" | 地點；場所；所在地 |
| locus actus | "place of the act" | 行事之地 |
| locus in quo | "the place where sth. is alleged to have occurred" | 事發地；案發現場 |
| locus poenitentiae | "a place of repentance" | 反悔；改變主意等的機會［如在拍賣中撤回出價、合約義務形成前取消合約、正式達成協議前退出交易等的機會］ |
| locus sigilli; L.S. | "the place of the seal" | 印章位置；蓋印處 |
| locus standi | "place of standing"; the right to bring an action or to be heard in a given forum | 參與……的資格；出庭資格；發言權 |
| mala fide | "in bad faith"; also mala fides | 不真誠；惡意 |
| malum in se | "evil in itself" | 本質上邪惡的 |
| malum prohibitum | "wrong merely because it is proscribed" | 法律禁止的 |
| mandamus | "we command" | 履行義務令；履行職務令；履行責任令 |
| order of mandamus | "we command" | 履行義務令；履行責任令 |
| writ of mandamus | "we command" | 履行義務令狀 |
| mens rea | "guilty mind" | 犯罪意圖；犯罪意念 |
| Actus non facit reum nisi mens  sit rea. | An act does not make a person guilty unless his or her mind is guilty. | 沒有犯罪意圖的行為不構成犯罪 |
| causa mortis | "in contemplation of death" | 臨終作出的；預期死亡而作的 |
| succession mortis causa | "in contemplation of death" | 死亡繼承 |
| mutatis mutandis | "having changed [the things that] needed to be changed" | 在加以必要的變通後；加以必要的變通；可作必要的變通；在細節上經適當的修改後；經必要的變通後 |
| writ of ne exeat regno; ne exeat  regno | "let him not go out of the realm" | 防止被告人離開和移走財產令狀 |
| Nemo dat quod non habet. | He who hath not cannot give. | 不能給付自己沒有的東西；不能付出自己沒有的東西 |
| Nemo debet esse judex in  propria causa. | No one should be judge in his own cause. | 無人可裁判自己的案件 |
| Nemo est supra leges. | No one is above the law. | 無人可凌駕於法律之上 |
| Nemo in propria causa testis  esse debet. | No one can be a witness in his own cause. | 無人可在自己的案件中充當證人 |
| Nemo judex in causa sua | No one should be a judge in one's own case. | 任何人不得成為自己案件的法官 |
| Iniquum est aliquem rei sui  esse judicem. | It is unjust for anyone to be judge in his own cause. | 自審己案有違公正。 |
| nihil dicit; nil dicit | "he (she) says nothing" | 不答辯；無答辯 |
| nisi | "unless" | 暫准 |
| nolle prosequi | "not to prosecute" | 中止檢控 |
| non compos mentis | "not of sound mind" | 精神不健全 |
| defence of non est factum | "not my deed" | 否認曾訂立合約（或聲稱簽署文件時不知道文件內容）的抗辯 |
| non liquet; n.l. | "it is not clear" | 不明確；不能確定何地法律；適用案情不清 |
| novus actus interveniens | "a new intervening act" | 新介入的行為 |
| Noscitur a sociis. | It is known from its associates. | 詞義不清時，按上下文的文意理解 |
| nudum pactum | "nude pact"; a promise unsupported by consideration; voluntary promise; also nude contract | 無償合約 |
| Nudum pactum ex quo non oritur actio. | A naked agreement is that from which no action arises. | 不能就無償合約興訟 |
| nulla bona | "no goods to levy"; no goods to levy | 沒有財物可供檢取 |
| nunc pro tunc | "now for then" | 具追溯力的 |
| order nunc pro tunc | "now for then" | 事後補正的命令 |
| obiter dictum | "thing said in passing"; thing said in passing | 判詞旁論；法官宣判時所提出的附帶意見 |
| Actori incumbit onus probandi. | The burden of proof rests upon the plaintiff. | 舉證責任在原告人 |
| ore tenus | "orally"; by word of mouth | 口頭上 |
| par delictum | "equal wrong"; equal wrong | 同等的過失 |
| pari passu | "with equal step"; at an equal pace | 平等地；同時及同等地 |
| rank pari passu | "with equal step"; at an equal pace | 享有同等權益 |
| sharing pari passu | "with equal step"; at an equal pace | 享有同等權益 |
| pendente lite | "while the action is pending" | 訴訟待決期間；案件待決 |
| administrator pendente lite | "while the action is pending" | 訴訟待決期間遺產管理人 |
| administration pendente lite | "while the action is pending" | 訴訟待決期間的遺產管理 |
| per capita | "by head" | 按每個人計算 |
| per contra | "on the other hand" | 反之；對比；相反 |
| per curiam; per cur. | "by the court" | 用官判詞；由法庭作出的；由法院決定；引用法官判詞 |
| per incuriam | "through want of care or inadvertence" | 有疏漏的判決；疏忽所致 |
| per quod | "whereby" | 因此；歸咎於；由於 |
| defamation per quod | "whereby"; defamation requiring reference to additional facts | 不明顯的誹謗；非直接的誹謗 |
| Quod per me non possum, nec  per lium. | What I cannot do in person, also cannot do through the agency of another. | 凡自己不能作出的，亦不能假手於人 |
| per se | "of, in, or by itself"; inherently | 本身 |
| defamation per se | "of, in, or by itself"; defamation by itself | 本質即屬誹謗者 |
| Qui facit per alium facit per se. | A person who acts through another acts himself. | 代理人所作的等同於主事人所作 |
| per stirpes | "according to stock" | 按家系〔無遺囑遺產分配辦法〕 |
| post hoc, ergo propter hoc | "after this, therefore because of this"; confusing sequence with consequence | 事隨其後，故必由此引起〔時序與因果關係的混淆〕 |
| post mortem examination | "after death" | 驗屍；死因檢驗 |
| prima facie | "at first sight"; on the face of it | 表面 |
| pro bono publico | "for public good"; for the community as a whole | 為了公眾利益 |
| pro forma | "for form"; as a matter of form | 基於形式上的；形式上；既定格式 |
| pro hac vice | "for this occasion or particular purpose" | 只此一回；限於此目的 |
| pro rata | "in proportion"; ratably | 按比例 |
| pro se | "on one's own behalf"; on one's own behalf | 為個人（利益）；親自（訴訟） |
| Quilibet potest renunciare juri pro se introducto. | Every one may renounce or relinquish a right introduced for his own benefit. | 人人皆可放棄自己所獲之權利 |
| pro tanto | "for so much"; to that extent | 以此為限；至此 |
| pro tempore; pro tem. | "temporarily"; for the time being | 暫時；臨時 |
| in propria persona | "in one's own person"; in person | 無律師代表；親自（出庭） |
| qua | "as claimed by"; in the capacity of; as | 以……的身分；藉……的身分 |
| sed quaere | "but question" | 需再深入審查 |
| quantum | "as much" | 分量；總量；量；金額；額量 |
| quantum meruit | "as much as one has deserved"; the reasonable value  of services | 按服務計酬 |
| quantum valeba(n)t | "as much as it may be worth"; the reasonable value  of goods and services | 按值付價 |
| quasi | "as if" | 準；近似；類似 |
| quid pro quo | "something for something"; tit for tat | 交換條件；對價；相等的補償 |
| in statu quo; in statu quo ante | "in the same condition as previously" | 按原狀；維持原狀 |
| quo warranto | "by what authority"; a prerogative writ | 追究職權或特權依據的令狀 |
| ratio decidendi | "the reason for a decision"; reasons for judgment | 判詞主旨；判決理由 |
| res | thing | 物；財產 |
| res ipsa loquitur | "the thing speaks for itself"; the thing speaks for  itself | 不證自明；事實昭顯 |
| res gestae | "things done"; events which happened | 已做的事；已成之事；有關事實〔以別於傳聞〕 |
| res judicata | "the thing has been decided"; a matter adjudged or settled by judgment; also chose jugée | 已判事項；既判案件；已判決的事項 |
| res nullius | "thing of no one" | 無主物；無主財產 |
| respondeat superior | "let that master or principal answer" | 由委託人答辯〔委託人對代理人（或僱主對僱員等）所負的轉承責任〕 |
| scienter | "knowingly"; knowingly | 故意；知情；明知 |
| writ of scire facias (sci. fa.) | "let him or her know" | 告知令狀 |
| seriatim | "in series" | 依次；逐條；順序 |
| traversed seriatim | "in series" | 逐一拒認 |
| sine die | "without day"; indefinitely | 無期；無限期；待續無期 |
| adjourned sine die | "without day"; indefinitely | 無限期押後；休會待續無期 |
| sine qua non | "without which is not" | 不可或缺的 |
| causa sine qua non | "cause without which not" | 不可缺少的原因 |
| situs | "poistion, situation" | 所在地 |
| stare decisis | "to stand by things decided and not to disturb settled points"; in full stare decisis et non quieta movere | 遵循先例；遵照先例原則 |
| status quo | "the state in which; the state at which things are or were" | 原狀；現狀 |
| status quo ante | "the situation that existed before something else occurred" | 原狀 |
| sua sponte | "on its own motion"; on its own motion | 主動；自行 |
| sub nomine; sub nom. | "under the name"; under the name of … | 在……名（義）下 |
| subpoena | "under penalty" | 傳召 |
| subpoena ad respondendum | commanded to appear and respond | 傳召到庭答辯令狀 |
| subpoena ad testificandum | commanded to appear and testify | 着令出庭作證的傳召證人出庭令；着令出庭作證的傳召出庭令狀 |
| subpoena duces tecum | commanded to bring all pertinent documents to court and testify | 着令攜帶文件出庭的傳召證人出庭令；着令攜帶文件出庭的傳召出庭令狀 |
| suggestio falsi | "suggestion of an untruth" | 假聲明；虛假的提示或暗示 |
| sui generis | "of its own kind"; of its own kind | 自成一類；獨特的；自成一類的 |
| writ of supersedeas | "you shall desist" | 中止訴訟程序的令狀 |
| Suppressio veri expressio falsi. | Suppression of the truth is the expression of what is false. Also suppressio veri. | 隱瞞事實等於說謊 |
| supra | "above" | 以上；在上面的；見上文 |
| terra nullius | "land that belongs to nobody" | 無主地；無人擁有之地 |
| trial de novo | "trial anew" | 重審 |
| uberrima fides; uberrimae fidei | "of the utmost good faith" | 符合絕對真誠原則 |
| ultra vires | "beyond strength" | 越權；越權的 |
| vel non | "or not"; whether or not | 不論是否 |
| veto | "I forbid" | 否決 |
| vice versa | "the change being turned"; conversely | 反之亦然 |
| vide | "see" | 見 |
| videlicet; viz. | "it is permitted to see"; to wit; namely | 即；就是 |
| vir et uxor | "husband and wife" | 夫婦 |