被認定是偽科學的主題列表
参考文獻

↑  Pollak 2002.
↑  O'Neill 2008.
↑  Rosenbaum 2009
↑  Hummels 2009.
↑  Fraknoi, Andrew. . Astronomical Pseudo-Science: A Skeptic's Resource List. Astronomical Society of the Pacific. October 2009  [2011-11-02]. （原始内容存档于2016-03-06）.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7  entry in Shermer, Michael (编).  (PDF). ABC–CLIO, Inc. 2002  [2013-12-16]. ISBN 1-57607-653-9. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2016-08-11）.
↑  Trefil, James. . Skeptical Inquirer (Committee for Skeptical Inquiry). March 2007, 17.1  [2007-12-01]. （原始内容存档于2016-05-29）. The pyramids, as impressive as they are, give no evidence at all for the presence of advanced technology at work in ancient Egypt.
1 2  Kilgannon, Corey. . New York Times (The New York Times Company). 2010-01-08  [2010-10-29]. （原始内容存档于2012-05-29）. Mr. Sitchin has been called silly before – by scientists, historians and archaeologists who dismiss his theories as pseudoscience and fault their underpinnings: his translations of ancient texts and his understanding of physics.
↑  Carroll, Robert T. . Zecharia Sitchin and The Earth Chronicles. John Wiley & Sons. 1994–2009  [2010-10-29]. （原始内容存档于2019-09-20）.
1 2  Fraknoi, Andrew. . Astronomical Pseudo-Science: A Skeptic's Resource List. Astronomical Society of the Pacific. October 2009  [2011-11-02]. （原始内容存档于2016-03-16）.
↑  . Astronomical Society of the Pacific.   [2007-12-03]. （原始内容存档于2013-02-05）. These activities help students to understand the difference between science and pseudoscience by investigating some of astrology's claims.
1 2   (PDF). Iowa Academy of Science. July 1986  [2016年8月3日]. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2007年6月26日）.
1 2  statement from the Russian Academy of Sciences. Broken Link!
↑  Pollak 2002, "Belief in pseudoscience is relatively widespread... More than 25 percent of the public believes in astrology, that is, that the position of the stars and planets can affect people's lives.
↑  Fraknoi, Andrew. . Astronomy Education Review. 2003-01-01, 2 (2): 150–160. doi:10.3847/AER2003022.
↑  Fraknoi, Andrew. . Astronomical Pseudo-Science: A Skeptic's Resource List. Astronomical Society of the Pacific. October 2009  [2011-11-02]. （原始内容存档于2016-03-16）.
1 2 3 4  Fraknoi, Andrew. . Astronomical Pseudo-Science: A Skeptic's Resource List. Astronomical Society of the Pacific. October 2009  [2011-11-02]. （原始内容存档于2016-03-04）.
↑  Knier, Gil; Bray, Becky. . NASA. 2001-03-30  [2016-08-03]. （原始内容存档于2007-11-22）. Did we actually send humans to the Moon in the 1960s?  Of course we did!
↑  Schilling, Govert. . Copernicus Books. 2009: 111. ISBN 0-387-77804-7.
↑  Morrison, David.  (blog). discovery.com. 2008  [2009-04-02]. （原始内容存档于2009-03-24）.
↑  Plait, Phil.  (blog). badastronomy.com. 2003  [2009-04-02]. （原始内容存档于2019-10-08）.
↑  Myles Standish. . Astronomical Journal. 1992-07-16, 105 (5): 2000–2006. Bibcode:1993AJ....105.2000S. doi:10.1086/116575.
↑   (PDF).   [2016-08-03]. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2011-07-27）.
↑  .   [2016-08-03]. （原始内容存档于2016-08-28）.
1 2
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↑  National Science Foundation. . . Arlington, VA: National Science Foundation. 2002  [2018-04-06]. ISBN 978-0-7567-2369-9. （原始内容存档于2016-06-16）. Belief in pseudoscience is relatively widespread... A sizable minority of the public believes in UFOs and that aliens have landed on Earth.
↑  Nettleton, Paul. . The Guardian (London). 2005-09-01  [2011-11-05]. （原始内容存档于2012-02-04）.
↑  Angell, Ian O. . Bull. Inst. Math. Appl. 1978, 14 (10): 253–258.
↑  NCSE Tackles Climate Change Denial （页面存档备份，存于）, National Center for Science Education, January 13th, 2012
↑  Shermer, Michael. What Is Pseudoscience? （页面存档备份，存于）, Scientific American, September 15, 2011
↑  Morrison, David. The Parameters of Pseudoscience （页面存档备份，存于）, Skeptical Inquirer, Volume 37.2, March/April 2013. Book review of The Pseudoscience Wars: Immanuel Velikovsky and the Birth of the Modern Fringe, by Michael D. Gordin.
↑  Brown, Michael. Adversaries, zombies and NIPCC climate pseudoscience （页面存档备份，存于）, ‘’Phys.org’’, Sep 26, 2013
↑  Plait, Phil.Debunking the Denial: "16 Years of No Global Warming" （页面存档备份，存于）, ‘’Slate.com’’, Jan. 14, 2013
↑  Kennedy, D. . Science. 2001-03-30, 291 (5513): 5513  [2016-08-03]. doi:10.1126/science.1060922. （原始内容存档于2016-01-05）.  Subscription needed
↑  Brown, R. G. E., Jr.  (PDF). Report, Democratic Caucus of the Committee on Science (Washington, D. C.: U. S. House of Representatives). 1996-10-23  [2016-08-03]. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2007-09-26）.
↑  Lahsen, Myanna. . Science, Technology, & Human Values. Winter 2005, 30: 137–169. doi:10.1177/0162243904270710.
↑  . Free Merriam-Webster Dictionary.   [2016-08-03]. （原始内容存档于2016-08-11）.
↑  Sterling, Bruce.  12 (6). Wired Magazine. June 2004  [2011-11-19]. （原始内容存档于2012-10-22）.
↑  Walker, Bruce. . American Thinker. 2009-11-30  [2016-08-03]. （原始内容存档于2017-03-08）.
↑  Russell, Jeffrey B. . American Scientific Affiliation.   [2007-03-14]. （原始内容存档于2011-08-22）.
↑  Sagan, Carl.  (PDF). : 8–9  [2016年8月3日]. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2008年6月26日）. [text of proclamation] activities of superstition and ignorance have been growing, and antiscience and pseudoscience cases have become frequent. Therefore, effective measures must be applied as soon as possible to strengthen public education in science.
↑  Guizzo, Erico. . IEEE Spectrum. January 2009, 46: 36–38  [2016-02-08]. doi:10.1109/MSPEC.2009.4734311. （原始内容存档于2016-02-07）. Why it’s a loser: Most experts don’t believe such lower states exist, and they say the experiments don’t present convincing evidence.
↑  Ross, Philip E. . IEEE Spectrum. January 2009, 46: 31–32  [2016-08-03]. doi:10.1109/MSPEC.2009.4734309. （原始内容存档于2009-02-15）.
↑  Morrison, Chris. . New York Times. 2008-10-21  [2016-08-03]. （原始内容存档于2015-10-17）.
↑  Gardner, M. . Skeptical Inquirer. May–June 1998: 13. On the misuse of some physics ideas and cosmology.
↑  Ball, Philip. . Nature News. 2007-09-14  [2008-08-19]. （原始内容存档于2009-02-28）.
↑  Olsen, Brad. . CCC Publishing. : 326  [2016-08-03]. （原始内容存档于2016-09-02）.
↑  Roeckelein 2006, pp. 517–518. Jon E. Roeckelein (psychologist), 2006: "The current consensus of scientific opinion is that Reich's orgone theory is basically a psychoanalytic system gone awry, and is an approach that represents something most ludicrous and totally dismissible."
↑  Jon E. Roeckelein. . Elsevier. 2006: 493, 517–518  [2016-08-03]. ISBN 978-0-444-51750-0. （原始内容存档于2016-09-01）.
↑  Arthur Wrobel.  illustrated. University Press of Kentucky. 1987: 229  [2016-08-03]. ISBN 978-0-8131-1632-7. （原始内容存档于2013-08-03）.
↑  Evelyn Lip. . : 11  [2016-08-03]. （原始内容存档于2016-09-02）.
↑  Banister Fletcher; James C. Palmes. . : 149  [2016-08-03]. （原始内容存档于2016-09-02）.
↑  . The Lutterworth Press. : 16  [2016-08-03]. （原始内容存档于2016-09-02）.
↑  Narlikar, Jayant V. . Percy, John; Pasachoff, Jay  (编). . Cambridge University Press. 2009: 165  [2016-08-03]. （原始内容存档于2016-08-18）.
↑  Quack, Johannes. . Oxford University Press. 2012: 170  [2015-08-15]. （原始内容存档于2016-08-18）.
↑  Sokal, Alan. . Oxford University Press. 2008: 306–307  [2016-08-03]. （原始内容存档于2016-08-18）.
↑  Nanda, Meera. . DISSENT. 1997, 44 (1)  [2016-08-03]. （原始内容存档于2006-10-09）.
↑  't Hooft, Gerard. . Foundations of Physics. 2008, 38 (1): 1–2. Bibcode:2008FoPh...38....1T. doi:10.1007/s10701-007-9187-8. [永久]
↑  Preiss, Byron. . Bantam Books. 1985: 27. ISBN 0-553-05109-1.
↑  Goode, Jamie. . University of California Press. 2006-03-01. ISBN 978-0-520-24800-7. [页码请求]
↑  Chalker-Scott, Linda.  (PDF). Master Gardener Magazine. 2004  [2016-08-04]. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2005-03-04）.  参数|magazine=与模板{{cite journal}}不匹配（建议改用{{cite magazine}}或|journal=） (帮助)
↑  Smith, D. . The World of Fine Wine (archived at Skeptical Inquirer) (. 2006, (12): 108–113  [2013-11-29]. （原始内容存档于2016-07-24）.
↑  Kirchmann, Holger. . J. Agric. Environ. Ethics. 1994, 7 (2): 173–187. doi:10.1007/BF02349036.
1 2 3  . National Science Foundation.   [2016-08-04]. （原始内容存档于2015-08-18）.
1 2  Frean, Alexandra. . The Times. 2009-01-30  [2012-11-05]. （原始内容存档于2016-08-26）. Universities are increasingly turning their backs on homoeopathy and complementary medicine amid opposition from the scientific community to 'pseudo-science' degrees.  含有連結內容需訂閱查看的頁面 (link)
↑  Corbyn., Zoë. . Times Higher Education. 2008-04-24  [2015-05-29].
↑  Highfield, Roger. . The Daily Telegraph (London). 2007-03-22  [2012-05-11]. （原始内容存档于2014-01-13）.
↑  . MIT Technology Review.   [2019-01-25]. （原始内容存档于2020-04-02）.
↑  . Science-Based Medicine（英语：）.   [2019-01-25]. （原始内容存档于2019-01-25）.
↑  von Rohra, E.; Pampallonab, S.; van Wegberga, B.; Hürnyc, Ch.; Bernhardd, J.; Heussere, P.; Cernyf, Th.  (PDF). Schweiz Med Wochenschr. 2000, 130 (34): 1173–84  [2016-08-04]. PMID 11013920. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2016-03-03）.
↑  Klotter, Jule. . Townsend Letter for Doctors and Patients. 2006, 24 (1): 274.
↑  Kiene, Helmut. . Heidelberg, New York: Springer Publishers. 2001. ISBN 3-540-41022-8.
↑  anonymous. . Holistic Online.   [2008-02-09]. （原始内容存档于2016-10-17）.
↑  Anonymous. . Internationale Vereinigung Anthroposophischer Ärztegesellschaften (International Federation of Anthroposophic Medical Associations). 2004-11-13  [2008-02-09]. （原始内容存档于2008-02-22）. Some medicines are similar to herbal medicinal products, some are prepared according to the guidelines of homeopathic pharmacopoeias.
↑  Alm, JS; Swartz, J; Lilja, G; Scheynius, A; Pershagen, G.  (PDF). Lancet. May 1999, 353 (9163): 1485–8  [2016年8月4日]. PMID 10232315. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(98)09344-1. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2005年12月12日）.
↑  Flöistrup, Helen; Swartz, Jackie; Bergström, Anna; Alm, Johan S.; Scheynius, Annika; van Hage, Marianne; Waser, Marco; Braunfahrlander, C;  et al. . The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology. January 2006, 117 (1): 59–66  [2008-03-03]. PMID 16387585. doi:10.1016/j.jaci.2005.09.039.
↑  Klotter, Jule. . Townsend Letter for Doctors and Patients. May 2006, 24 (2): 274.
1 2  Carroll, Robert. . Skeptic's Dictionary.   [2008-02-09]. （原始内容存档于2016-08-02）.
↑  Hansson, Sven Ove. . Conceptus. 1991, XXV (64): 37–49. The claims that anthroposophy is a science are not justified.
↑  Ernst, Edzard. . BMJ. 2006, 333 (7582): 1282–3. PMC 1761165 . PMID 17185706. doi:10.1136/bmj.39055.493958.80. Anthroposophic drugs are based on ancient alchemistic and homeopathic notions, far removed from the concepts of pharmacology.
↑  Ernst, Edzard, "Anthroposophical Medicine: A systematic review of randomised clinical trials." Wiener Klinische Wochenschrift, ISSN 0043-5325, 2004, vol. 116, no4, pp. 128–130
↑  Blatchford, Emily. . 2016-03-07  [2020-06-24]. （原始内容存档于2020-06-25） –Huff Post. Given the highly contagious nature of chicken pox, the thinking behind such events was, seeing as the child would probably contract it at some point anyway, why not catch it early and get it over with?
↑  . 2020-03-21  [2020-06-24]. （原始内容存档于2020-06-27） –北京新浪網. 其實這些「水痘派對」的前提是，大多數感染水痘的人永遠不會再感染水痘。但目前沒有科學證據表明一次感染就能終身免疫。相反，它隱藏著更大的安全隱患。主動感染水痘有可能會引起嚴重的皮膚感染、腦炎和肺炎等併發症，嚴重的甚至導致死亡。
↑   (PDF). Massachusetts Medical Society.   [2008-01-27]. （原始内容存档于2016-08-21）. Many of the means by which naturopaths diagnose these toxins and allergies are outright quackery: electrodiagnostic devices (banned by the FDA as worthless), hair analysis, applied kinesiology, iridology, and more.
1 2  . American Cancer Society. 2007-05-23  [2008-01-27]. （原始内容存档于2010-01-27）. Available scientific evidence does not support the claim that applied kinesiology can diagnose or treat cancer or other illness.
↑  . International College of Applied Kinesiology. 1992-06-16  [2008-01-27]. （原始内容存档于2008-03-22）.
↑  Such as the existence of the geologic column; see Morton, Glenn. . TalkOrigins Archive.   [2016-08-04]. （原始内容存档于2020-05-07）.
↑  .   [2024-03-18]. ISBN 9789869833868. （原始内容存档于2024-03-18）.
↑  . 關鍵評論.   [2024-03-18]. （原始内容存档于2024-03-18）.
↑  . 科普中國.   [2024-03-18]. （原始内容存档于2024-03-18）.
↑  . 風傳媒.   [2024-03-18]. （原始内容存档于2024-03-18）.
↑  . Taiwan Yahoo News.   [2024-03-18]. （原始内容存档于2024-03-18）.
↑  . 人民網科技日報.   [2024-03-18]. （原始内容存档于2024-03-18）. 并不是我们只使用了大脑的5%，只不过是这个大脑如何运作的不解之谜，我们仅仅解开了5%而已。
↑  . OECD Education. （原始内容存档于2023-12-02）. all existing data shows that we use a 100% of our brains
↑  Niggemann, B.; Gruber, C. . Allergy. August 2004, 59 (8): 806–808  [2016-08-04]. PMID 15230811. doi:10.1111/j.1398-9995.2004.00495.x. （原始内容存档于2018-03-10）.
↑  Gerez, IF; Shek, LP; Chng, HH; Lee, BW.  (PDF). Singapore Medical Journal. January 2010, 51 (1): 4–9  [2016-08-04]. PMID 20200768. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2018-10-05）.
↑  Waserman, Susan; Watson, Wade.  (PDF). Allergy, Asthma & Clinical Immunology. January 2011, 7 (Suppl 1): S7  [2016-08-04]. PMC 3245440 . PMID 22166142. doi:10.1186/1710-1492-7-S1-S7. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2015-10-17）.
↑  Wüthrich, B.  (PDF). Journal of Investigational Allergology & Clinical Immunology. 2005, 15 (2): 86–90  [2016-08-04]. PMID 16047707. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2018-07-12）.
↑  Beyer, K; Teuber, SS. . Current Opinion in Allergy and Clinical Immunology. June 2005, 5 (3): 261–6. PMID 15864086. doi:10.1097/01.all.0000168792.27948.f9.
↑  Sicherer, S. H.; Wood, R. A.  (PDF). Pediatrics. December 2011, 129 (1): 193–197  [2016-08-04]. PMID 22201146. doi:10.1542/peds.2011-2382. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2012-09-11）.
1 2  Bernstein, IL; Li, JT; Bernstein, DI; Hamilton, R; Spector, SL; Tan, R; Sicherer, S; Golden, DB;  et al.  (PDF). Annals of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology. March 2008, 100 (3, Supplement 3): S1–148  [2016-08-04]. PMID 18431959. doi:10.1016/S1081-1206(10)60305-5. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2018-04-04）.  引文格式1维护：显式使用等标签 (link)
1 2  Teuber, Suzanne S.; Porch-Curren, Cristina. . Current Opinion in Allergy and Clinical Immunology. June 2003, 3 (3): 217–221. PMID 12840706. doi:10.1097/00130832-200306000-00011.
↑  Ortolani C, C; Bruijnzeel-Koomen C; Bengtsson U;  et al. . Allergy. January 1999, 54 (1): 27–45  [2016-08-04]. PMID 10195356. doi:10.1034/j.1398-9995.1999.00913.x. （原始内容存档于2016-08-31）.
↑  Boyce, JA; Assa'ad A; Burks AW;  et al.  (PDF). The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology. December 2010, 126 (6 Suppl.): S1–S58  [2016-08-04]. PMID 21134576. doi:10.1016/j.jaci.2010.10.007. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2020-05-25）.
↑  Sackeyfio, A.; Senthinathan, A.; Kandaswamy, P.; Barry, P. W.; Shaw, B.; Baker, M. . British Medical Journal. February 2011, 342: d747. PMID 21345912. doi:10.1136/bmj.d747.
1 2 3  . Australasian Society of Clinical Immunology and Allergy. November 2007  [2012-02-07]. （原始内容存档于2011年12月28日）.
↑  Motala, C; Hawarden, D.  (PDF). South African Medical Journal. July 2009, 99 (7): 531–535  [2016-08-04]. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2018-10-23）.
↑  Morris, A. . Current Allergy & Clinical Immunology. March 2006, 19 (1): 26–28.
↑  Peter Barrett (2004), Science and Theology Since Copernicus: The Search for Understanding, p. 18, Continuum International Publishing Group, ISBN 0-567-08969-X.
↑  Quackenbush, Thomas R. . North Atlantic Books. 2000: 643. ISBN 1-55643-351-4.
↑  Worrall, Russell S.; Nevyas, Jacob; Barrett, Stephen. . 2007-09-12  [2007-11-17]. （原始内容存档于2017-08-04）. The claims Bates made in advertising his book were so dubious that in 1929 the Federal Trade Commission issued a complaint against him for advertising "falsely or misleadingly"
↑  Pollack, P. . . Philadelphia: Chilton Co. 1956  [2016-08-04]. （原始内容存档于2016-08-19）.
↑  Skarnulis, Leanna. . WebMD. 2007-02-05  [2016-08-04]. （原始内容存档于2017-08-01）. No evidence was found that visual training had any effect on the progression of nearsightedness, or that it improved visual function for patients with farsightedness or astigmatism, or that it improved vision lost to diseases, including age-related macular degeneration, glaucoma, or diabetic retinopathy.
↑  Gardner, Martin. . . Courier Dover. 1957: 230–241. ISBN 0-486-20394-8. Actually, Bates' theory of accommodation (so necessary to explain the value of his exercises) is so patently absurd that even most of his present-day followers have discarded it.
↑  Bradley, Robyn E.  (PDF). The Boston Globe (MA). 2003-09-23  [2016年8月4日]. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2012年10月31日）.
↑  Marg, E.  (PDF). Am J Opt Arch Am Ac Opt. 1952, 29 (4): 167–84  [2016年8月4日]. doi:10.1097/00006324-195204000-00001. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2008年5月29日）.
↑  Randi, James. . 2006-11-11  [2007-11-17]. （原始内容存档于2011年2月24日）. This is pure old quackery, it’s wishful thinking, and it’s profitable.
↑  . OTA-BA-463 Box 2-A pg. 30. Office of Technology Assessment. September 1991  [2008-02-21]. （原始内容存档于2016-03-04）. "No evidence exists to support the concept of biorhythms; in fact, scientific data refute their existence.
↑  Carroll, Robert Todd. . Skeptic's Dictionary.   [2008-02-21]. （原始内容存档于2016-08-19）. The theory of biorhythms is a pseudoscientific theory that claims our daily lives are significantly affected by rhythmic cycles overlooked by scientists who study biological rhythms.
↑  Hines, Terence. . Psychological Reports. 1998, 83 (1): 19–64  [2008-02-20]. PMID 9775660. doi:10.2466/PR0.83.5.19-64. （原始内容 (pdf (summary))存档于2009年2月12日）. The conclusion is that biorhythm theory is not valid.
1 2  Smith, SE. . Issues in Child Abuse Accusations. 1993, 5 (4)  [2016-08-05]. （原始内容存档于2018-10-02）.
↑  Lilienfeld, Scott O.; Lynn, SJ; Lohr, JM (编). . The Guilford Press. 2002. ISBN 1-57230-828-1.
↑  . The Official Brain Gym Web Site.   [2008-08-11]. （原始内容存档于2016-10-13）. BRAIN GYM works by facilitating optimal achievement of mental potential through specific movement experiences. All acts of speech, hearing, vision, and coordination are learned through a complex repertoire of movements. BRAIN GYM promotes efficient communication among the many nerve cells and functional centers located throughout the brain and sensory motor system.
↑  .   [2016-08-05]. （原始内容存档于2016-10-14）.
↑   (PDF). the ESRC's Teaching and Learning Research Programme.   [2007-08-03]. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2007年9月28日）. The pseudo-scientific terms that are used to explain how this works, let alone the concepts they express, are unrecognisable within the domain of neuroscience.
↑  Goswami, Usha. . Nature Reviews Neuroscience. May 2006, 7 (5): 406–413  [2008-08-11]. PMID 16607400. doi:10.1038/nrn1907. （原始内容存档于2016-07-25）. Cognitive neuroscience is making rapid strides in areas highly relevant to education. However, there is a gulf between current science and direct classroom applications. Most scientists would argue that filling the gulf is premature. Nevertheless, at present, teachers are at the receiving end of numerous 'brain-based learning' packages. Some of these contain alarming amounts of misinformation, yet such packages are being used in many schools.
↑   (PDF). Sense About Science.   [2008-04-11]. （原始内容存档于2009-11-22）. These exercises are being taught with pseudoscientific explanations that undermine science teaching and mislead children about how their bodies work. ... There have been a few peer reviewed scientific studies into the methods of Brain Gym, but none of them found a significant improvement in general academic skills.
↑  Hyatt, Keith J. . Remedial and Special Education (SAGE Publications). April 2007, 28 (2): 117–124  [2008-09-12]. ISSN 0741-9325. doi:10.1177/07419325070280020201. （原始内容存档于2008-06-02）. a review of the theoretical foundations of Brain Gym and the associated peer-reviewed research studies failed to support the contentions of the promoters of Brain Gym. Educators are encouraged to become informed consumers of research and to avoid implementing programming for which there is neither a credible theoretical nor a sound research basis.
↑  Gray, Sadie. . London: The Times. 2008-04-05  [2008-09-01]. （原始内容存档于2008-07-06）. Paul Dennison, a Californian educator who created the programme, admitted that many claims in his teacher’s guide were based on his 'hunches' and were not proper science.
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