白垩纪
参考

↑  http://uahost.uantwerpen.be/funmorph/raoul/fylsyst/Berner2006.pdf
↑  Image:Phanerozoic Carbon Dioxide.png
↑  Image:All palaeotemps.png
↑  （俄文） 3rd ed. Moscow: Sovetskaya Enciklopediya. 1974: vol. 16, p. 50.  引文格式1维护：冗余文本 (link)
↑   3rd ed. Washington, D.C.: American Geological Institute. 1972: p. 165.  引文格式1维护：冗余文本 (link)
↑  Renne, Paul R.;  et al. . Science. 2013, 339: 684–688. Bibcode:2013Sci...339..684R. doi:10.1126/science.1230492.  引文格式1维护：显式使用等标签 (link)
1 2 3 4 5  Stanley, Steven M. Earth System History. New York: W.H. Freeman and Company, 1999. ISBN 978-0-7167-2882-5 p. 280
↑  Dougal Dixon et al., Atlas of Life on Earth,（New York: Barnes & Noble Books, 2001）, p. 215.
↑  The Berriasian Age 的存檔，存档日期2010-12-20.
↑  Ibid.
↑  "Warmer than a Hot Tub: Atlantic Ocean Temperatures Much Higher in the Past" （页面存档备份，存于） PhysOrg.com.  Retrieved 12/3/06.
↑  Skinner, Brian J., and Stephen C. Porter. The Dynamic Earth: An Introduction to Physical Geology. 3rd ed. New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 1995. ISBN 978-0-471-59549-6. p. 557
↑  吴阶平; 季羡林, 石元春. 季羡林,石元春 , 编. . 福建教育出版社. 2002年  [2018-09-05]. （原始内容存档于2021-04-26）.  引文使用过时参数coauthors (帮助)
1 2 3  MacLeod, N, Rawson, PF, Forey, PL, Banner, FT, Boudagher-Fadel, MK, Bown, PR, Burnett, JA, Chambers, P, Culver, S, Evans, SE, Jeffery, C, Kaminski, MA, Lord, AR, Milner, AC, Milner, AR, Morris, N, Owen, E, Rosen, BR, Smith, AB, Taylor, PD, Urquhart, E & Young, JR. . Journal of the Geological Society. 1997, 154 (2): 265–292  [2008-11-20]. doi:10.1144/gsjgs.154.2.0265. （原始内容存档于2008-12-23）.
↑  （英文）Wilf, Peter; Johnson, Kirk R. . Paleobiology. 2004-01-01, 30 (3): 347–368  [2023-03-17]. ISSN 0094-8373. doi:10.1666/0094-8373(2004)030<0347:LPEATE>2.0.CO;2. （原始内容存档于2023-03-17）.
↑  Kauffman, Erle G. . Palaios (Society for Sedimentary Geology). 2004-02-01, 19 (1): 96–100  [2007-06-17]. ISSN 0883-1351. doi:10.1669/0883-1351(2004)019<0096:MPOUCN>2.0.CO;2. （原始内容存档于2011-07-24） （英语）.
1 2  （英文）Sheehan Peter M, Hansen Thor A. . Geology. 1986, 14 (10): 868–870  [2007-07-04]. （原始内容存档于2007-10-30）.
↑  （英文）Aberhan M, Weidemeyer S, Kieesling W, Scasso RA, Medina FA. . Geology. 2007, 35 (3): 227–230. doi:10.1130/G23197A.1.
↑  Sheehan, Peter M.; Fastovsky, David E. . Geology. 1992-06-01, 20 (6): 556–560  [2007-06-22]. doi:10.1130/0091-7613(1992)020<0556:MEOLDV>2.3.CO;2. （原始内容存档于2014-04-01） （英语）.
↑  （英文）Brochu CA. . Evolution. 2004, 58 (6): 1375–1382. doi:10.1554/03-509.
↑  （英文）Robertson DS, McKenna MC, Toon OB, Hope S, Lillegraven JA.  (PDF). GSA Bulletin. 2004, 116 (5–6): 760–768  [2016-01-08]. doi:10.1130/B25402.1. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2015-10-22）.
Kashiyama, Yuichiro; Nanako O. Ogawa, Junichiro Kuroda, Motoo Shiro, Shinya Nomoto, Ryuji Tada, Hiroshi Kitazato, Naohiko Ohkouchi. . Organic Geochemistry. 2008-05, 39 (5): 532–549  [2008-05-10]. doi:10.1016/j.orggeochem.2007.11.010. （原始内容存档于2008-10-04）.  引文使用过时参数coauthors (帮助)
Neal L Larson, Steven D Jorgensen, Robert A Farrar and Peter L Larson. Ammonites and the other Cephalopods of the Pierre Seaway. Geoscience Press, 1997.
Ogg, Jim; June, 2004, Overview of Global Boundary Stratotype Sections and Points（GSSP's）https://web.archive.org/web/20060423084018/http://www.stratigraphy.org/gssp.htm Accessed April 30, 2006.
Ovechkina, M.N. and Alekseev, A.S. 2005. Quantitative changes of calcareous nannoflora in the Saratov region (Russian Platform) during the late Maastrichtian warming event. Journal of Iberian Geology 31（1）: 149-165. PDF
Rasnitsyn, A.P. and Quicke, D.L.J. . Kluwer Academic Publishers. 2002. ISBN 978-1-4020-0026-3. —detailed coverage of various aspects of the evolutionary history of the insects.
Taylor, P.D. and Wilson, M.A., 2003. Palaeoecology and evolution of marine hard substrate communities. Earth-Science Reviews 62: 1-103.