美帝國主義
參考文獻 > 引用

↑  . web.archive.org. 2013-02-20  [2021-09-30].
↑  Carson, Thomas; Bonk, Mary. . Gale Group. 1999: 467–469. ISBN 978-0-7876-3888-7.
↑  Xypolia, Ilia. . Palgrave Macmillan. 2022  [2023-01-24]. ISBN 978-3-030-99815-8. S2CID 248384134. doi:10.1007/978-3-030-99815-8. （原始内容存档于2022-06-13） （英语）.
↑  Bryne, Alex. . The Conversation.   [2019-02-02]. （原始内容存档于2019-02-02） （英语）.
↑  Immerwahr, Daniel. . Vintage Publishing. 2019: 24  [2023-01-24]. ISBN 978-1-84792-399-8. （原始内容存档于2022-04-08）.
↑  Lindsay, Ivo H. Daalder and James M. . 2001-11-30  [2023-01-24]. （原始内容存档于2017-11-17）.
1 2  Hardt, Michael. . 2006-07-13  [2021-09-30]. ISSN 0027-8378. （原始内容存档于2022-04-10） （美国英语）.
↑  [永久]. Dictionary.com.   [2006-06-13]. （原始内容存档于2016-03-03）.
↑  .   [2007-03-29]. （原始内容存档于2013-04-30）.
↑  牛津英語詞典. . 1989  [2006-04-12]. [永久]
↑  Miller, Stuart Creighton. . 耶魯大學出版. 1982: 3. ISBN 0-300-02697-8.
↑  Thornton, Archibald Paton. . Palgrave Macmillan. 1978年9月. ISBN 978-0-333-24848-5.
↑  Walzer, Michael. . www.freeindiamedia.com.   [2006-06-10]. （原始内容存档于2006-10-21）.
↑  Miller (1982), op. cit. p. 1.
↑  (原文："proceeding along a path to which no limit can be perceived.")Kellner, Douglas. . 2003-04-25  [2006-02-20]. （原始内容存档于2006-02-17）.
↑  Edwords, Frederick. . The Humanist. November–December 1987, (p. 20-24, 36). （原始内容存档于2006-10-13）.
↑  (原文："in Britain, empire was justified as a benevolent “white man’s burden.” And in the United States, empire does not even exist; “we” are merely protecting the causes of freedom, democracy, and justice worldwide.")Magdoff, Harry; John Bellamy Foster. . 當月評論. November 2001, 53 (6): 7  [2007-03-29]. （原始内容存档于2011-03-17）.
↑  (原文："Imperialism was an aberration.")Miller (1982), op. cit. p. 1-3.
↑  (原文："the United States, from the time it gained its own independence, has used every available means—political, economic, and military—to help and nurture other nations.")Lens, Sidney. . Haymarket Books and Pluto Press. 2003. ISBN 978-0-7453-2100-4.  Book jacket.
↑  (原文："far from what the Founding Fathers had intended the young Republic to become.")Buchanan, Patrick. . Regnery Publishing. 1999. ISBN 978-0-89526-272-1.  p. 165.
↑  (原文："excesses and cruelties, though sometimes admitted, usually [to be] regarded as momentary aberrations.")Lens (2003), op. cit.  Book jacket.
↑  (原文："fix the premises of discourse and interpretation, and the definition of what is newsworthy in the first place, and they explain the basis and operations of what amount to propaganda campaigns.")Chomsky, Noam. . Pantheon Books. 1988. ISBN 978-0-375-71449-8. （原始内容存档于2007-03-14）.
↑  Bacevich, Andrew. . Harvard University Press. 2004. ISBN 978-0-674-01375-9.
↑  Ali, Tariq. . 左派事務觀察. October 2001, (98)  [2007-03-29]. （原始内容存档于2021-05-06）.
↑  Churchill, Ward. . AK Press. 2003-11-15  [2007-03-29]. ISBN 978-1-902593-79-1. （原始内容存档于2011-10-09）.
↑  Foster, John Bellamy. . Monthly Review. July–August 2003  [2007-03-29]. （原始内容存档于2011-03-17）.
↑  Smith, Ashley. . . Columbia University. 2006-06-24  [2007-03-29]. （原始内容存档于2021-04-29）.
↑  Hardt, Michael. . The Nation. July 13, 2006  [2007-03-29]. （原始内容存档于2009-01-23）.
↑  (原文："the United States does indeed occupy a privileged position in Empire, but this privilege derives not from its similarities to the old European imperialist powers, but from its differences.")Negri, Antonio; Hardt, Michael. . Harvard University Press. 2000: xiii–xiv  [2007-03-29]. ISBN 978-0-674-00671-3. （原始内容存档于2021-04-12）.
↑  America's Empire of Bases 的存檔，存档日期2004-01-17.
↑  Pitts, Chip. . The National Interest. 2006-11-08  [2009-10-08]. （原始内容存档于2009-07-26）.
↑  (原文："we don't seek empires. We're not imperialistic. We never have been.")Bookman, Jay. . Atlanta Journal-Constitution. 2003-06-25. （原始内容存档于2007年2月3日）.
↑  (原文："I want no prisoners. I wish you to kill and burn, the more you kill and burn the better it will please me. I want all persons killed who are capable of bearing arms in actual hostilities against the United States.")Miller (1982), op. cit. p. 220.  See also Wikiquote: Philippine-American War Quotes （页面存档备份，存于）.
↑  (原文"the United States would set up a constabulary, a quasi-military police force led by Americans and made up of local enlisted men. Then the Americans would work with local officials to administer a variety of public services, from vaccinations and schools to tax collection. American officials, though often resented, usually proved more efficient and less venal than their native predecessors... Holding fair elections became a top priority because once a democratically elected government was installed, the Americans felt they could withdraw." )
↑  (原文："the United States was least likely to intervene in those nations (such as Argentina and Costa Rica) where American investors held the biggest stakes. The longest occupations were undertaken in precisely those countries--Nicaragua, Haiti, the Dominican Republic--where the United States had the smallest economic stakes... Unlike the Dutch in the East Indies, the British in Malaya, or the French in Indochina, the Americans left virtually no legacy of economic exploitation.")Boot, Max. . Current History. November 2003, 102 (667). （原始内容存档于2008-05-15）.
↑  Miller (1982), op. cit. p. 136.
↑  Boot, Max. . USA Today. 2003-05-06. （原始内容存档于2009年1月23日）.
↑  Heer, Jeet. . Boston Globe. 2003-03-23  [2007-03-29]. （原始内容存档于2006-05-07）.
↑  Ferguson, Niall. . Penguin. June 2, 2005. ISBN 978-0-14-101700-6.
↑  Miller (1982), op. cit. p. 3.
↑  Lafeber, Walter. . Cornell University Press. 1967. ISBN 978-0-8014-9048-4.
↑  (原文："If we really are imperial, we rule over a very funny sort of empire... The United States hasn't annexed anyone's soil since the Spanish-American War... Imperial powers order and subjects obey. But in our case, we offer the Turks strategic guarantees, political support — and money...  Isolationism, parochialism, and self-absorption are far stronger in the American character than desire for overseas adventurism.")Hanson, Victor Davis. . National Review. November 2002  [2007-03-29]. （原始内容存档于2008-05-11）.
↑  (原文："the United States has pursued imperial policies, especially toward weak countries in the periphery. But U.S. relations with Europe, Japan, China, and Russia cannot be described as imperial... the use or threat of force is unthinkable. Their economies are deeply interwoven... they form a political order built on bargains, diffuse reciprocity, and an array of intergovernmental institutions and ad hoc working relationships.  This is not empire; it is a U.S.-led democratic political order that has no name or historical antecedent.")Ikenberry, G. John. . Foreign Affairs. March–April 2004. （原始内容存档于2012-07-09）.
↑  (原文："With the exception of the purchase of Alaska from Russia in 1867, American territory had remained fixed since 1848. In the 1890s a new spirit of expansion took hold... Yet Americans, who had themselves thrown off the shackles of empire, were not comfortable with administering one. In 1902 American troops left Cuba... The Philippines obtained... complete independence in 1946. Puerto Rico became a self-governing commonwealth... and Hawaii became a state in 1959.")ed. George Clack. . A Portrait of the USA. United States Information Agency. September 1997  [2006-03-20]. （原始内容存档于2007-12-01）.
↑  (原文："So influential has been the discourse insisting on American specialness, altruism and opportunity, that imperialism in the United States as a word or ideology has turned up only rarely and recently in accounts of the United States culture, politics and history. But the connection between imperial politics and culture in North America, and in particular in the United States, is astonishingly direct.")
↑  Said, Edward. Culture and Imperialism 美國國會圖書館的存檔，存档日期2001-09-17, speech at York University, Toronto, February 10, 1993.
↑  Rothkop, David. . Foreign Policy. June 22, 1997. （原始内容存档于2008年11月17日）.
↑  .   [2018-06-20]. （原始内容存档于2018-06-20）.