吉姆·克勞法
参考资料

↑  凱瑟琳‧麥考利夫. 寄生大腦：病毒、細菌、寄生蟲如何影響人類行為與社會.台北市: 木馬文化出版.2020年6月: 226.  ISBN 978-986-359-787-2
↑  . National Archives. 2016-08-15  [2019-09-25]. （原始内容存档于2022-02-22） （英语）.
↑  . Oyez.   [2019-09-25] （英语）.
1 2 3  Woodward, C. Vann and McFeely, William S. (2001), The Strange Career of Jim Crow. p. 7
↑  . The New York Times (New York). 1892-12-21  [2011-02-06]. ISSN 0362-4331. （原始内容存档于2015-02-15）. New Orleans, Dec 20. – The Supreme Court yesterday declared constitutional the law passed two years ago and known as the 'Jim Crow' law, making it compulsory on railroads to provide separate cars for blacks.
↑  Woodward, C. Vann and McFeely, William S. The Strange Career of Jim Crow. 2001, p. 6
1 2  Michael Perman.Struggle for Mastery: Disfranchisement in the South, 1888–1908. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2001, Introduction
1 2  J. Morgan Kousser.The Shaping of Southern Politics: Suffrage Restriction and the Establishment of the One-Party South, New Haven: Yale University Press, 1974
↑  Glenn Feldman, The Disfranchisement Myth: Poor Whites and Suffrage Restriction in Alabama, Athens: University of Georgia Press, 2004, pp. 135–136
1 2  Richard H. Pildes, "Democracy, Anti-Democracy, and the Canon", 2000, pp. 12, 27 Archive-It的存檔，存档日期2017-05-25 Retrieved Mar 10, 2008
↑  Buddy, J., & Williams, M. (2005). A dream deferred: school libraries and segregation: library media specialists in schools named after Martin Luther King Jr. discuss the challenges they face on the job. American Libraries, 36(2), 33-35.
1 2  Battles, D. M. (2009). The history of public library access for African Americans in the South, or, Leaving behind the plow. Lanham, Md.: Scarecrow Press.
↑  Fultz, M. (2006). Black Public Libraries in the South in the Era of De Jure Segregation. Libraries & The Cultural Record, 41(3), 338.
1 2  Fultz, M. (2006). Black Public Libraries in the South in the Era of De Jure Segregation. Libraries & The Cultural Record, 41(3), 338-9.
↑  Holt, Thomas. . Urbana: University of Illinois Press. 1979.
↑  Tomlins, Christopher L. The United States Supreme Court: The Pursuit of Justice. 2005, p. 195
↑  King, Desmond. Separate and Unequal: Black Americans and the US Federal Government. 1995, page 3.
↑  Schulte Nordholt, J. W. and Rowen, Herbert H. Woodrow Wilson: A Life for World Peace. 1991, pp. 99–100.
1 2 3  Blight, David W. Race and Reunion: The Civil War in American Memory. page 9–11
↑  New York Times, 30 March 1882: ‘COLORED METHODISTS INDIGNANT OVER THE EXPULSION OF THEIR SENIOR BISHOP FROM A FLORIDA RAILWAY CAR. :...Colored men of spirit and culture are resisting the conductors, who attempt to drive them into the “Jim Crow cars,” and they sometimes succeed...’
↑  New York Times, 30 July 1887: ‘NO “JIM CROW” CARS. :“...The answer further avers that the cars provided for the colored passengers are equally as safe, comfortable, clean, well ventilated, and cared for as those provided for whites.  The difference, it says, if any, relates to matters aesthetical only...”
↑  Congress rejected by a majority of 140 to 59 a transport bill amendment proposed by James Thomas Heflin (Ala.) to introduce racially-segregated streetcars to the capital’s transport system.  New York Times, 23 February 1908:  ‘“JIM CROW CARS” DENIED BY CONGRESS’
↑  Gates, Henry Louis and Appiah, Anthony. Africana: The Encyclopedia of the African and African American Experience. 1999, p. 1211.
↑  Murphy, Edgar Gardner. The Problems of the Present South. 1910, p. 37
↑  . Findlaw.   [2014-09-20]. （原始内容存档于2011-08-03）.
↑  Steele v. Louisville （页面存档备份，存于）, Findlaw.
↑  Lopez, Ian F. Haney (February 1, 2007), "A nation of minorities: race, ethnicity, and reactionary colorblindness" （页面存档备份，存于）, Stanford Law Review
↑  . Oyez.   [2019-09-24]. （原始内容存档于2019-09-05） （英语）.
1 2 3  .   [2014-10-11]. （原始内容存档于2010-10-21）.
↑  . University of Texas.   [2014-10-11]. （原始内容存档于2012-07-20）.
↑  See generally, Lopez, Ian F. Haney. . Stanford Law Review. 2007-02-01  [2014-09-18]. （原始内容存档于2009-01-12）.
↑  "Introduction To Federal Voting Rights Laws" （页面存档备份，存于）. United States Department of Justice.
1 2  . Oyez.   [2019-09-29]. （原始内容存档于2016-11-15） （英语）.
↑  . The African Americans: Many Rivers to Cross.   [2019-10-04]. （原始内容存档于2019-07-24）.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14  Created by  Martin Luther King, Jr., National Historic Site Interpretive Staff. (1998, January 5). "Jim Crow" Laws. （页面存档备份，存于）