中等強國
參考

↑  Yoshihide, Soeya. .   [2020-03-15]. （原始内容存档于2020-04-07）.
↑  Patrick James; Mark J. Kasoff. . University of Toronto Press. 2008: 265  [2012-10-12]. ISBN 978-0-8020-9468-1. （原始内容存档于2014-06-27）.
1 2  Jordaan, Edward. .   [14 March 2015]. （原始内容存档于2015-09-24）.
1 2  Tobias Harris, 'Japan Accepts its "Middle-Power" Fate'. Far Eastern Economic Review Vol. 171, No. 6 (2008), p. 45: 'Japan is settling into a position as a middle power in Asia, sitting uneasily between the U.S., its security ally, and China, its most important economic partner. In this it finds itself in a situation similar to Australia, India, South Korea and the members of Asean.'
1 2 3 4  Buzan, Barry. . Cambridge, United Kingdom: Polity Press. 2004: 71. ISBN 0-7456-3375-7.
↑  Hazleton WA (2005) Middle Power Bandwagoning? Australia's Security Relationship with the United States （页面存档备份，存于）, allacademic
1 2  Yasmi Adriansyah, 'Questioning Indonesia's place in the world', Asia Times (20 September 2011): 'Countries often categorized as middle power (MP) include Australia, Canada and Japan. The reasons for this categorization are the nations' advanced political-economic stature as well as their significant contribution to international cooperation and development. India and Brazil have recently become considered middle powers because of their rise in the global arena—particularly with the emerging notion of BRIC (Brazil, Russia, India and China).'
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15  Solomon S (1997) South African Foreign Policy and Middle Power Leadership （页面存档备份，存于）, ISS
1 2  Spero, Joshua. . Rowman & Littlefield. 2004: 206. ISBN 9780742535534. ISBN 0-7425-3553-3.
1 2  Wurst J (2006) Middle Powers Initiative Briefing Paper （页面存档备份，存于）, GSI
↑  Cooper AF (1997) Niche Diplomacy - Middle Powers after the Cold War （页面存档备份，存于）, palgrave
1 2 3  Bernard Wood, 'Towards North-South Middle Power Coalitions', in Middle Power Internationalism: The North-South Dimension, edited by Cranford Pratt (Montreal, McGill-Queen's University Press, 1990).
↑  Higgott RA, Cooper AF (1990) Middle Power Leadership and Coalition Building
1 2 3  Inoguchi K (2002) The UN Disarmament Conference in Kyote （页面存档备份，存于）
↑  . www.sudantribune.com.   [2021-04-15]. （原始内容存档于2021-06-01）.
1 2 3 4  Behringer RM (2005) Middle Power Leadership on the Human Security Agenda （页面存档备份，存于）, SAGE
↑  Crosby AD (1997) A Middle-Power Military in Alliance: Canada and NORAD, JSTOR
↑  Petersen K (2003) Quest to Reify Canada as a Middle Power （页面存档备份，存于）, Dissident Voice
1 2 3  Heine J (2006) On the Manner of Practising the New Diplomacy （页面存档备份，存于）, ISN
1 2 3 4  Ping, Jonathan H. . Ashgate. 2005: 103  [2021-04-15]. ISBN 978-0-7546-4467-5. （原始内容存档于2021-06-01） （英语）.
1 2 3 4  Pratt C (1990) Middle Power Internationalism （页面存档备份，存于）, MQUP
1 2 3 4 5  Andrew F. Cooper, Agata Antkiewicz and Timothy M. Shaw, 'Lessons from/for BRICSAM about South-North Relations at the Start of the 21st Century: Economic Size Trumps All Else?', International Studies Review, Vol. 9, No. 4 (Winter, 2007), pp. 675, 687.
1 2 3  Ploughshares Monitor (1997) Scrapping the Bomb: The role of middle power countries （页面存档备份，存于）
↑  Gilley, Bruce. . The New York Times. 2012-09-11  [2021-04-15]. ISSN 0362-4331. （原始内容存档于2019-05-18） （美国英语）.
↑  Veremēs, Thanos. . Black Rose Books. 1997  [2021-04-15]. ISBN 978-1-55164-105-8. （原始内容存档于2021-06-01） （英语）.
1 2 3  Jonathan H. Ping, Middle Power Statecraft: Indonesia, Malaysia, and the Asia Pacific (Aldershot: Ashgate Publishing, 2005).
↑  Middle Power Internationalism: The North-South Dimension, edited by Cranford Pratt (Montreal, McGill-Queen's University Press, 1990).
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↑  "Operation Alba may be considered one of the most important instances in which Italy has acted as a regional power, taking the lead in executing a technically and politically coherent and determined strategy." See Federiga Bindi, Italy and the European Union (Washington, D.C.: Brookings Institution Press, 2011), p. 171.
↑  "Italy plays a prominent role in European and global military, cultural and diplomatic affairs. The country's European political, social and economic influence make it a major regional power." See Italy: Justice System and National Police Handbook, Vol. 1 (Washington, D.C.: International Business Publications, 2009), p. 9.
1 2  Anoushiravan Ehteshami and Raymond Hinnesbusch, Syria and Iran: Middle Power in a Penetrated Regional System (London: Routledge, 1997).
1 2  Samhat, Nayef H. . Policy Studies Journal. 2000-02, 28 (1): 11–26. ISSN 0190-292X. doi:10.1111/j.1541-0072.2000.tb02013.x.
↑  Ahouie M (2004) Iran Analysis Quarterly （页面存档备份，存于）, MIT
↑  Foreign Affairs Committee (2006) Iran （页面存档备份，存于）
1 2 3  Mace, Gordon; Bélanger, Louis. . Lynne Rienner Publishers. 1999: 153  [2021-04-15]. ISBN 978-1-55587-717-0. （原始内容存档于2021-06-01） （英语）.
↑  Kim R. Nossal and Richard Stubbs, 'Mahathir's Malaysia: An Emerging Middle Power?' in Niche Diplomacy: Middle Powers After the Cold War, edited by Andrew F. Cooper (London: Macmillan,  1997).
↑  Louis Belanger and Gordon Mace, 'Middle Powers and Regionalism in the Americas: The Cases of Argentina and Mexico', in Niche Diplomacy: Middle Powers After the Cold War, edited by Andrew F. Cooper (London: Macmillan, 1997).
1 2  Pierre G. Goad, 'Middle Powers to the Rescue?', Far Eastern Economic Review, Vol. 163, No. 24 (2000), p. 69.
↑  Pellicer O (2006)  Mexico – a Reluctant Middle Power? （页面存档备份，存于）, FES
↑  Middle Powers Initiative (2004) Building Bridges: What Middle Power Countries Should Do To Strengthen the NPT （页面存档备份，存于）, GSI
↑  Cooper, Andrew F. . Public Diplomacy Magazine.   [12 March 2015]. （原始内容存档于2017-06-29）.
↑  Kamrava, Mehran.  (PDF).   [12 March 2015]. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2013年10月7日）.
1 2  Gladys Lechini, Middle Powers: IBSA and the New South-South Cooperation. NACLA Report on the Americas, Vol. 40, No. 5 (2007): 28-33: 'Today, a new, more selective South-South cooperation has appeared, bringing some hope to the people of our regions. The trilateral alliance known as the India, Brazil, and South Africa Dialogue Forum, or IBSA, exemplifies the trend … The three member countries face the same problems and have similar interests. All three consider themselves "middle powers" and leaders of their respective regions, yet they have also been subject to pressures from the North.'
↑  Daniel Flemes, Emerging Middle Powers' Soft Balancing Strategy: State and Perspective of the IBSA Dialogue Forum. Hamburg: GIGA, 2007.
↑  Kirton J (2006) Harper’s Foreign Policy Success? （页面存档备份，存于）
1 2  according to Yves Lacoste, Géopolitique, Larousse, 2009,p. 134, both Spain and Portugal exert a real influence in Africa and in the Americas.
1 2  Laipson, Ellen. . The National Interest. 3 September 2014  [26 October 2014]. （原始内容存档于2020-07-13）.
1 2  Evans, Gareth. . 29 June 2011  [26 October 2014]. （原始内容存档于2020-07-13）.
↑  .   [2015-06-13]. （原始内容存档于2012-05-29）.
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↑  Peter Vale, 'South Africa: Understanding the Upstairs and the Downstairs', in Niche Diplomacy: Middle Powers After the Cold War, edited by Andrew F. Cooper (London: Macmillan, 1997).
↑  Janis Van Der Westhuizen, 'South Africa's Emergence as a Middle Power', Third World Quarterly, Vol. 19, No. 3 (1998), pp. 435-455.
↑  Pfister R (2006) The Apartheid Republuc and African States （页面存档备份，存于）, H-Net
↑  Flemes, Daniel. . SSRN Electronic Journal. 2007. ISSN 1556-5068. doi:10.2139/ssrn.1007692 （英语）.
↑  Loo BF (2005) Transforming Singapore's Military Security Landscape: Problems and Prospects （页面存档备份，存于）, allacademic
↑  Tan ATH (1999) Singapore's Defence: Capabilities, Trends, and Implications （页面存档备份，存于）, questia
↑  Rudengren J, Gisle P, Brann K (1995) Middle Power Clout: Sweden And The Development Banks （页面存档备份，存于）
↑  Armstrong DF (1997) South Korea's foreign policy in the post-Cold War era: A middle power perspective （页面存档备份，存于）
↑  Gilbert Rozman, 'South Korea and Sino-Japanese Rivalry: A Middle Power's Options Within the East Asia Core Triangle', Pacific Review, Vol. 20, No. 2 (2007), pp. 197-220.
↑  Woosang Kim, 'Korea as a Middle Power in Northeast Asian Security, in The United States and Northeast Asia: Debates, Issues, and New Order, edited by G. John Ikenbgerry and Chung-in Moon (Lantham: Rowman & Littlefield, 2008).
↑  Sheridan, Greg. . The Australian. 27 November 2008  [2012-10-12]. （原始内容存档于2012-09-12）.
1 2  Meltem Myftyler and Myberra Yyksel, 'Turkey: A Middle Power in the New Order', in Niche Diplomacy: Middle Powers After the Cold War, edited by Andrew F. Cooper (London: Macmillan, 1997).