符號學
參考文獻

↑  Campbell, C., Olteanu, A., & Kull, K. (2019). Learning and knowing as semiosis: Extending the conceptual apparatus of semiotics （页面存档备份，存于）. Sign Systems Studies 47(3/4), 352–381.
↑  Caesar, Michael. . Wiley-Blackwell. 1999: 55. ISBN 978-0-7456-0850-1.
↑  . University of Eastern Finland. （原始内容存档于18 January 2019）.
↑  "The science of communication studied through the interpretation of signs and symbols as they operate in various fields, esp. language", Oxford English Dictionary (2003)
↑  Liddell, Henry George, and Robert Scott. 1940. "σημειωτικός." A Greek-English Lexicon. Revised and augmented by H. S. Jones and R. McKenzie. Oxford: Clarendon Press. Available via Perseus Digital Library （页面存档备份，存于）.
↑  σημεῖον （页面存档备份，存于）, Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, A Greek-English Lexicon, on Perseus
↑  . visual-memory.co.uk.   [2017-03-26]. （原始内容存档于2023-09-14）.
↑  Deely, John. 2009. Augustine & Poinsot: The Protosemiotic Development. Scranton: University of Scranton Press. [provides full details of Augustine's originality on the notion of semiotics.]
↑  Romeo, Luigi. 1977. "The Derivation of 'Semiotics' through the History of the Discipline." Semiosis 6(2):37–49.
↑  Manetti, Giovanni. 1993 [1987]. Theories of the Sign in Classical Antiquity, translated by C. Richardson. Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press. [Original: Le teorie del segno nell'antichità classica (1987). Milan: Bompiani.]
↑  . Oxford University Press. 2018. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2018）.
↑  Peirce, Charles Sanders. Collected Papers of Charles Sanders Peirce, vol. 2: para. 227.
↑  Peirce, Charles Sanders. 1998 [1902]. "Logic, Regarded As Semeiotic （页面存档备份，存于）," [manuscript L75] Arisbe: The Peirce Gateway, edited by J. Ransdell.
↑  Peirce, Charles Sanders. 1998 [1902]. "On the Definition of Logic （页面存档备份，存于）." [memoir 12]. Arisbe: The Peirce Gateway, edited by J. Ransdell.
↑  Atkin, Albert, Zalta, Edward N.; Nodelman, Uri , 编, , The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy Spring 2023 (Metaphysics Research Lab, Stanford University), 2023  [2023-03-21], （原始内容存档于2023-06-27）
↑  Fisch, Max H. (1978), "Peirce's General Theory of Signs" in Sight, Sound, and Sense, ed. T. A. Sebeok. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, pp. 31–70.
↑  2001. "Umwelt." Semiotica 134(1). Pp. 125–135. [special issue on "Jakob von Uexküll: A paradigm for biology and semiotics," guest-edited by K. Kull.]
↑  Heidegger, Martin. 1962 [1927]. Being and Time, translated by J. Macquarrie and E. Robinson. New York: Harper & Row. p. 487.
↑  Sebeok, Thomas A. 1986. "Communication, Language, and Speech. Evolutionary Considerations." Pp. 10–16 in I Think I Am A Verb. More Contributions to the Doctrine of Signs. New York: Plenum Press. Published lecture. Original lecture title "The Evolution of Communication and the Origin of Language," in International Summer Institute for Semiotic and Structural Studies Colloquium on 'Phylogeny and Ontogeny of Communication Systems' (June 1–3, 1984).
↑  Sebeok, Thomas A. 2012. "Afterword （页面存档备份，存于）." Pp. 365–83 in Semiotic Prologues, edited by J. Deely and M. Danesi. Ottawa: Legas.
↑  Krampen, Martin. 1981. "Phytosemiotics." Semiotica 36(3):187–209.
↑  Peirce, Charles Sanders. 1934 [1907] "A Survey of Pragmaticism." P. 473. in The Collected Papers of Charles Sanders Peirce 5, edited by C. Hartshorne and P. Weiss. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. [originally titled "Excerpt from "Pragmatism (Editor [3])"]
↑  Peirce, Charles Sanders. 1977 [1908]. "letter to Lady Welby 23 December 1908" [letter]. Pp. 73–86 in Semiotic and Significs: The Correspondence between C. S. Peirce and Victoria Lady Welby, edited by C. S. Hardwick and J. Cook. Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press.
↑  Peirce, Charles Sanders. 2009. "Semiosis: The Subject Matter of Semiotic Inquiry." Pp. 26–50 in Basics of Semiotics (5th ed.), edited by J. Deely. Tartu, Estonia: Tartu University Press. See especially pp. 31,38– 41.
↑  . courses.logos.it.   [2017-03-26]. （原始内容存档于2023-03-26）.
↑  1971, orig. 1938, Writings on the general theory of signs, Mouton, The Hague, The Netherlands
↑  Jozef Maria Bochenski (1956) Contemporary European Philosophy, trans. Donald Nichols and Karl Ashenbrenner from 1951 edition, Berkeley, CA: University of California, Section 25, "Mathematical Logic," Subsection F, "Semiotics," p. 259.
↑  Black, Max. 1944. The Philosophy of Bertrand Russell 5. Library of Living Philosophers.