表徵 (藝術)
參考文獻

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8  Mitchell, W. 1995, "Representation", in F Lentricchia & T McLaughlin (eds), Critical Terms for Literary Study, 2nd edn, University of Chicago Press, Chicago
1 2  O'Shaughnessy, M & Stadler J, Media and society: an introduction, 3rd edn, Oxford University Press, South Melbourne, 2005
↑  Childers J (ed.), Columbia Dictionary of Modern Literary and Cultural Criticism, Columbia University Press, New York, 1995
1 2  <Vukcevich, M 2002, "Representation", The University of Chicago, viewed 7 April 2006
1 2 3 4 5  Mitchell, W, "Representation", in F Lentricchia & T McLaughlin (eds), Critical Terms for Literary Study, University of Chicago Press, Chicago 1990
1 2 3  Hall, S (ed.), Cultural Representations and Signifying Practice, Open University Press, London, 1997. ISBN 978-0761954323
1 2  Dryer 1993, cited in O’Shaughnessy & Stadler 2005
↑  Mitchell, W, Picture Theory, University of Chicago Press, Chicago, 1994
1 2  赵毅衡. . 国际新闻界. 2017, 39 (08): 23–37. doi:10.13495/j.cnki.cjjc.2017.08.002.
↑  Manfredo Tafuri 著, 陳志梧 譯. . 夏鑄九  (编). . 台北: 明文書局. 1988: 173–199.
↑  On his classifications, see Peirce, C.S. (1903), CP 1.180–202 Eprint 的存檔，存档日期2011-11-05. and (1906) "The Basis of Pragmaticism" in The Essential Peirce 2:372–3. For the relevant quotes, see "Philosophy" and "Logic" at Commens Dictionary of Peirce's Terms （页面存档备份，存于）, Bergman and Paavola, editors, U. of Helsinki.
↑  Peirce, C.S., 1882, "Introductory Lecture on the Study of Logic" delivered September 1882, Johns Hopkins University Circulars, vol. 2, no. 19, pp. 11–12, November 1892, Google Book Search Eprint. Reprinted in Collected Papers of Charles Sanders Peirce v. 7, paragraphs 59–76, The Essential Peirce 1:214–214; Writings of Charles S. Peirce 4:378–382.
↑  Peirce, C.S. (1878) "The Doctrine of Chances", Popular Science Monthly, v. 12, pp. 604–615, 1878, reprinted in Collected Papers of Charles Sanders Peirce, v. 2, paragraphs 645–668, Writings of Charles S. Peirce 3:276–290, and The Essential Peirce 1:142–154. "...death makes the number of our risks, the number of our inferences, finite, and so makes their mean result uncertain. The very idea of probability and of reasoning rests on the assumption that this number is indefinitely great. .... ...logicality inexorably requires that our interests shall not be limited. .... Logic is rooted in the social principle."
↑  Peirce, C. S. (written 1902), "MS L75: Logic, Regarded As Semeiotic (The Carnegie application of 1902): Version 1: An Integrated Reconstruction", Joseph Ransdell, ed., Arisbe, see Memoir 12 （页面存档备份，存于）.
↑  Peirce, C.S., The Collected Papers of Charles Sanders Peirce, v. 5, paragraph 448 footnote, from "The Basis of Pragmaticism" in 1906.
↑  See "Quasi-Mind （页面存档备份，存于）" at the Commens Dictionary of Peirce's Terms, Mats Bergman and Sami Paavola, eds., University of Helsinki.
↑  Peirce, C.S. (1868), "Questions Concerning Certain Faculties Claimed for Man" (Arisbe Eprint （页面存档备份，存于）), Journal of Speculative Philosophy vol. 2, pp. 103–114. Reprinted (Collected Papers of Charles Sanders Peirce, v. 5, paragraphs 213–263, the quote is from paragraph 253).
↑  For Peirce's definitions of semiosis, sign, representamen, object, interpretant, see the Commens Dictionary of Peirce's Terms （页面存档备份，存于）.
↑  Ten quotes on collateral observation from Peirce provided by Professor Joseph Ransdell can be viewed here. Also see pp. 404–409 in "Pragmatism" by Peirce in The Essential Peirce v. 2.
↑  See "Grammar: Speculative （页面存档备份，存于）" in Commens Dictionary of Peirce's Terms.
1 2  See "Critic （页面存档备份，存于）" in Commens Dictionary of Peirce's Terms.
1 2  See "Methodeutic （页面存档备份，存于）" in Commens Dictionary of Peirce's Terms.
↑  "Categories, Cenopythagorean Categories （页面存档备份，存于）", Commens Dictionary of Peirce's Terms, Mats Bergman and Sami Paavola, editors, University of Helsinki.
↑  Peirce (1903 MS), "Nomenclature and Divisions of Triadic Relations, as Far as They Are Determined", under other titles in Collected Papers (CP) v. 2, paragraphs 233–72, and reprinted under the original title in Essential Peirce (EP) v. 2, pp. 289–99. Also see image of MS 339 （页面存档备份，存于） (August 7, 1904) supplied to peirce-l by Bernard Morand （页面存档备份，存于） of the Institut Universitaire de Technologie (France), Département Informatique.
↑  See Collected Papers of Charles Sanders Peirce, v. 2, paragraphs 254–263, reprinted in Philosophical Writings of Peirce pp. 115–118, and in The Essential Peirce v. 2, pp. 294–296.
↑  On image, diagram, and metaphor, see "Hypoicon （页面存档备份，存于）" in the Commens Dictionary of Peirce's Terms （页面存档备份，存于）.
↑  For Peirce's definitions of icon, index, symbol, and related terms, see the Commens Dictionary of Peirce's Terms （页面存档备份，存于）
↑  Dupriez, B, A Dictionary of Literary Devices, University of Toronto Press, Canada, 1991.
↑  Culler, J 1976, Saussure, Fontana Modern Masters, Britain, 1976.
↑  Ryder, M, Semiotics: Language and Culture, 2004 viewed 6 April 2006 see link below
↑  Klarer, M, An Introduction to Literary Studies, Routledge, London, 1998.
1 2  Barry, P, Beginning Theory: an Introduction to Literary and Cultural Theory, Manchester University Press, Great Britain, 2002.
↑  Holdcroft 1991 no details
↑  Chandler, D, Semiotics for Beginners: Modality and representation, viewed 8 April 2006
↑  Arnason, D, Reference material, 2006, viewed 12 April 2006