泛基因组
參考資料

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在泛基因組中，我們可以識別出三組基因：核心的、殼的、和雲的基因組。核心基因組包含存在於所有分析的基因組中的基因。 為避免因排序偽影而忽略系列，一些作者考慮了軟核（>95% 的發生率）。 殼基因組由大多數基因組共享的基因組成（發生率為 10-95%）。 僅存在於一個基因組中或出現率低於 10% 的基因家族被描述為可有可無的或雲基因組。
a) Closed pangenomes are characterized by large core genomes and small accessory genomes. b) Open pangenomes tend to have small core genomes and large accessory genomes. c) The size of open pangenomes tends to increase with every added genome, meanwhile closed pangenome's size tends to be asymptotic despite adding more genomes. Due to this characteristic, complete pangenome size for closed pangenomes can be predicted.
肺炎鏈球菌泛基因體。(a) 新基因的數量與新加入的基因體數量對照。在加入的基因體超過50後，預測新的基因數量將會降到零。(b) 核心基因的數量與基因體數量對照。當基因體數量達到無限大時，核心基因的數量將會收斂到1,647。