艾伦·图灵
參考資料

↑  Cooper, Prof S. Barry. . The Guardian. Guardian News and Media Limited. 2014-10-07  [2017-04-17]. （原始内容存档于2021-12-14）.
1 2  艾伦·图灵在數學譜系計畫的資料。
↑  Copeland, Jack. . BBC News Technology. 2012-06-18  [2014-10-26]. （原始内容存档于2018-06-26）.
↑  A number of sources state that Winston Churchill said that Turing made the single biggest contribution to Allied victory in the war against Nazi Germany. However both The Churchill Centre and Turing's biographer Andrew Hodges have said they know of no documentary evidence to support this claim nor of the date or context in which Churchill supposedly said it, and the Churchill Centre lists it among their Churchill 'Myths', see Schilling, Jonathan. . The Churchill Centre: Myths.   [2015-01-09]. （原始内容存档于2019-03-05）.  and Hodges, Andrew. . Update to Alan Turing: The Enigma.   [2015-01-09]. （原始内容存档于2019-05-17）.   A BBC News profile piece that repeated the Churchill claim has subsequently been amended to say there is no evidence for it. See Spencer, Clare. . BBC News. 2009-09-11  [2018-05-26]. （原始内容存档于2014-04-20）. Update 13 February 2015
↑  A.M. Turing.  (PDF). 1950  [2016-04-26]. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2022-03-07） （英语）.  （页面存档备份，存于）
↑  A suburban runner （页面存档备份，存于），The Alan Turing Internet Scrapbook
↑  Jones, G. James. . System Toolbox. 11 December 2001  [27 July 2007]. （原始内容存档于3 August 2007）.
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↑  . The Old Shirburnian Society. 1 September 2016  [10 October 2020]. （原始内容存档于2020-11-04） （英国英语）.
↑  Hofstadter, Douglas R. . Basic Books. 1985: 484. ISBN 978-0-465-04566-2. OCLC 230812136.
↑  Hodges 1992，第34頁
↑  See Section 3 of John Aldrich, "England and Continental Probability in the Inter-War Years", Journal Electronique d'Histoire des Probabilités et de la Statistique, vol. 5/2 Decembre 2009 的存檔，存档日期21 April 2018. Journal Electronique d'Histoire des Probabilités et de la Statistique
↑  Turing, Dermot. . The History Press. 2015: 69. ISBN 9781841656434.
↑  艾倫·圖靈.  (PDF). Proceedings of the London Mathematical Society. 1937, s2–42 (1): 230–265. ISSN 0024-6115. OCLC 4655179592. Zbl 62.1059.03 请检查|zbl=的值 (帮助). doi:10.1112/PLMS/S2-42.1.230. Wikidata Q25864184 （英语）.  (erratum)
1 2 3  柯利弗德 2013，第190頁 harvnb模板錯誤: 無指向目標: CITEREF柯利弗德2013 (幫助)
↑  Hodges 1983，第138頁 harvnb模板錯誤: 無指向目標: CITEREFHodges1983 (幫助)
↑  Turing, A.M. . Proceedings of the London Mathematical Society. 1939, s2–45: 161–228. ISSN 0024-6115. doi:10.1112/plms/s2-45.1.161. hdl:21.11116/0000-0001-91CE-3 .
↑  Turing, Alan.  (PhD论文). Princeton University. 1938. doi:10.1112/plms/s2-45.1.161. hdl:21.11116/0000-0001-91CE-3 . ProQuest 301792588.
↑  Turing, A.M.  (PDF). 1938  [4 February 2012]. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于23 October 2012）.
↑  John Von Neumann: The Scientific Genius Who Pioneered the Modern Computer, Game Theory, Nuclear Deterrence, and Much More, Norman MacRae, 1999, American Mathematical Society, Chapter 8
↑  Briggs, Asa.  (TV broadcast). UK Channel 4. 21 November 2011.
↑  Copeland, Jack. . Smith, Michael; Erskine, Ralph  (编). . Bantam. 2001: 352. ISBN 978-0-593-04910-5.
↑  Copeland 2004a，第217頁 harvnb模板錯誤: 無指向目標: CITEREFCopeland2004a (幫助)
↑  Clark, Liat. . Wired. 18 June 2012  [31 October 2013]. （原始内容存档于2 November 2013）.
↑  Turing, Alan. . c. 1941  [25 March 2015]. The National Archives (United Kingdom): HW 25/37. （原始内容存档于7 April 2015）.
↑  Turing, Alan. . c. 1941  [25 March 2015]. The National Archives (United Kingdom): HW 25/38. （原始内容存档于8 April 2015）.
↑  Vallance, Chris. . BBC News. 19 April 2012  [20 April 2012]. （原始内容存档于4 October 2012）.
↑  Hodges 1983，第208頁 harvnb模板錯誤: 無指向目標: CITEREFHodges1983 (幫助)
↑  Turing, Alan M. . 1940. In late 1940 Alan Turing wrote a report describing the methods he and his colleagues at Bletchley Park had used to break into the German Enigma cipher systems. At Bletchley it was known as 'the Prof's Book.' A copy of this handbook was at last released from secrecy by the American National Security Agency in April 1996, under the title Turing's Treatise on the Enigma. Subsequently, a much better original copy was released by the (British) National Archives, box HW 25/3. This also revealed a title which had been lost in the American copy: Mathematical theory of ENIGMA machine. (Though, oddly, the report does not actually have any mathematical theory.)  含有內容需登入查看的頁面 (link)
↑  Lewin 1978，第57頁
↑  Hilton, Peter.  (PDF). （原始内容存档 (PDF)于29 August 2019）.
↑  Hilton, Peter. . PBS. （原始内容存档于29 August 2019）.
↑  Brown, Anthony Cave. . The Lyons Press. 1975. ISBN 978-1-59921-383-5.
↑  Graham-Cumming, John. . The Guardian (London). 10 March 2010  [10 December 2016]. （原始内容存档于1 December 2016）.
↑  Butcher, Pat. . Globe Runner. 14 September 2009  [23 June 2012]. （原始内容存档于18 August 2013）.
↑  Hodges, Andrew. . Alan Turing: The Enigma.   [12 June 2014]. （原始内容存档于14 September 2013）.
↑  Graham-Cumming, John. . The Guardian. 10 March 2010  [12 June 2014]. （原始内容存档于8 November 2014）.
↑  Butcher, Pat. . The MacTutor History of Mathematics archive. December 1999  [12 June 2014]. （原始内容存档于13 November 2014）.
↑  Kottke, Jason. . kottke.org.   [2022-07-12]. （原始内容存档于2021-06-09）.
↑  See for example Richelson, Jeffery T. . New York: Oxford University Press. 1997: 296.  and Hartcup, Guy. . Basingstoke, Hampshire: Macmillan Press. 2000: 96–99.
↑  Hinsley, Harry, , 1996 [1993]  [2022-07-12], （原始内容存档于2015-04-06）  Transcript of a lecture given on Tuesday 19 October 1993 at Cambridge University
↑  Collins, Jeremy. . nationalww2museum.org. New Orleans: The National WWII Museum. 24 June 2020  [24 August 2021]. （原始内容存档于2021-12-02）.
↑  . BBC News. 23 June 2012  [21 June 2018]. （原始内容存档于7 July 2018）.
↑  . thegazette.co.uk.   [6 February 2019]. （原始内容存档于26 June 2019）.
↑  .   [2007-06-30]. （原始内容存档于2007-06-30）.
↑  "Control Mechanism For Biological Pattern Formation Decoded" ScienceDaily, 30 November 2006
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↑   (PDF). 中國時報 (國立臺中教育大學). 2009-09-14  [2012-06-23]. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2016-03-04）.
↑  Gordon Brown. . number10. 2009-09-10. （原始内容存档于2011-07-03） （英语）.
↑  matrix. . Solidot. 2009-09-10  [2022-03-26]. （原始内容存档于2021-08-15） （中文（简体））.
↑  . 中國時報 (財團法人台灣紅絲帶基金會). 2009-09-14  [2012-06-23]. [永久]
↑  . I Programmer. 2012-02-06  [2012-06-23]. （原始内容存档于2013-07-25）.
↑  因同性戀獲罪 英國特赦刷汙名 （页面存档备份，存于），中央社，2013年12月24日
↑  Jethro Mullen,"Alan Turing, British code-breaker castrated for homosexuality, receives pardon" （页面存档备份，存于）,CNN.com,December 24, 2013 -- Updated 1205 GMT (2005 HKT).
↑  . BBC新聞. 2017-01-31  [2017-02-03]. （原始内容存档于2017-02-02） （中文（繁體））.
↑  Geringer, Steven. . ACM press release. 2007-07-27  [2008-10-16]. （原始内容存档于2008-12-30）.
↑  .   [2019-07-16]. （原始内容存档于2021-08-15）.
↑  . The Independent (London: www.independent.co.uk). 2008-01-04  [2009-09-14]. （原始内容存档于2009-10-03）.
↑  . creativebits.   [2009-09-14]. （原始内容存档于2017-10-24）.
↑  Leavitt 2007，第280頁
↑  . BBC. 2012-06-21  [2012-06-23]. （原始内容存档于2012-06-23）.