日本人
参考文獻

↑  日本統計局
↑  . 外務省.   [2016-04-30]. （原始内容存档于2019-08-06）.
↑  www.zeroum.com.br, ZeroUm Digital -. . www.japao100.com.br.   [2016-04-30]. （原始内容存档于2017-08-13）.
↑  http://factfinder2.census.gov/faces/tableservices/jsf/pages/productview.xhtml?pid=DEC_10_SF1_QTP8&prodType=table （页面存档备份，存于） American FactFinder - Results
1 2   (PDF). 外務省. 2010-10-01  [2013-02-02]. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2016-03-03） （日语）.
↑  Japan news, commentary, culture, sports | The Japan Times （页面存档备份，存于）. Search.japantimes.co.jp. Retrieved on 2013-08-24.
↑  Adachi, Nobuko. . 2006-05-30. ISBN 978-0-415-77035-4.
↑  Canada, Government of Canada, Statistics. . www12.statcan.gc.ca.   [2016-04-30]. （原始内容存档于2018-12-24）.
↑  . Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Japan.   [2013-02-02]. （原始内容存档于2014-04-29）.
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↑  . 外務省.   [2013-02-02]. （原始内容存档于2017-10-23）.
↑  . Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Japan.   [2015-05-12]. （原始内容存档于2014-10-11）.
↑  . Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Japan.   [2013-02-02]. （原始内容存档于2017-11-07）.
↑   (PDF).   [2013-02-02]. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2020-04-12）.
↑  .   [2012-02-12]. （原始内容存档于2013-09-06）.
↑  Tourism New Caledonia | Prepare your trip in New Caledonia 的存檔，存档日期2008-10-14.
↑  Global archaeological evidence for proboscidean overkill （页面存档备份，存于） in PNAS online; Page 3 (page No.6233), Table 1. The known global sample of proboscidean kill/scavenge sites :Lake Nojiri Japan 33-39 ka (ka: thousand years).
↑  . Web Site Shinshu. Nagano Prefecture.   [January 22, 2011]. （原始内容存档于December 31, 2010）.
↑  . May 19, 2000  [December 12, 2017]. （原始内容存档于May 19, 2000）.
↑   https://web.archive.org/web/20040727210334/http://www.h6.dion.ne.jp/~nojiriko/. July 27, 2004. （原始内容存档于July 27, 2004）.  缺少或|title=为空 (帮助)
↑  Encyclopædia Britannica: A New Survey of Universal Knowledge, Volume 2. "The Mongolid (Tungid and north Sinid) strain of the prehistoric Japanese must, to a large extent, be attributed to arrivals from Korea by way of the Tsushima straits, attested to by finds of clay vessels with pointed bottoms and with roller-stamped décor such as were made at Sobatu (north Kyushu)." Encyclopædia Britannica, 1964, p. 264.
↑  Eika Tai. . Critical Asian Studies. September 2004, 36 (3): 355–382. ISSN 1467-2715. S2CID 147377282. doi:10.1080/1467271042000241586.
↑  Lankov, Andrei. . The Korea Times. January 5, 2006  [November 26, 2006]. （原始内容存档于February 21, 2006）.
1 2  日本法務省.  (PDF).   [2018年11月13日]. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2019年4月3日）.
↑  Minahan, James B., , ABC-CLIO: 231–233, 2014  [January 30, 2019], ISBN 978-1-61069-018-8, （原始内容存档于January 23, 2023）
↑  . 中國評論新聞網.   [2015-08-26]. （原始内容存档于2016-03-04）.
↑  比嘉康文. .   [2015-08-26]. （原始内容存档于2016-03-09）.
↑  . 琉球民族独立総合研究学会.   [2015-08-26]. （原始内容存档于2015-07-28）.
↑  「八丈語? 世界2500言語 消滅危機―「日本は8言語対象 方言も独立言語」ユネスコ」『朝日新聞』2009年2月20日付夕刊、第3版、第1面。
↑  地域的融合與心域的跨越──北海道愛努族的境遇，謝世忠教授演講議題：存臺灣原住民族圖書資訊中心
↑  日本統計局. .   [2020年6月15日]. （原始内容存档于2021年12月18日）.
↑  立教大学.  (PDF).   [2021-06-12]. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2021-12-10）.
↑  Matsumoto, Hideo (2009). The origin of the Japanese race based on genetic markers of immunoglobulin G （页面存档备份，存于）. "Gm gene composition of the Mongoloid Populations dispersed over broad areas of Asia and North and South America are regarded as Mongoloid characterized by 4 Gm genes, i.e., Gm ag, axg, ab3st, and afblb3. Of particular note are the geno-clines, which are observed for the 2 northern Gm ag and ab3st genes, and the southern Gm afb1b3 gene, in Asia and America. Based on our Gm data, the degree of genetic differentiation between the Mongoloid populations was approximated for our Gm data by using the fixation index (Fst ) of Wright.20) The calculations indicated that the degree of genetic differentiation among the Mongoloid populations concerned was very great and almost equivalent to those of the worldwide differentiation for the Rh and Duffy systems reported by Cavalli-Sforza and Bodmer.21) Furthermore, these results may provide evidence that the differences in Gm gene frequencies, particularly those for Gm ag, ab3st, and afb1b3, are due to factors such as natural selection and gene flow (one gene permeating into another race or nation crossing over the barrier between them from some race or nation) rather than random genetic drift. Thus, it can be inferred from such geographical differences in frequencies of the 3 genes that 2 distinctive Mongoloid populations existed among the paleo-Mongoloid of East Asia in the past.
As shown in Fig. 2, the Mongoloid was divided into northern and southern groups. A clear geno-cline was found for the Gm ab3st gene, which is a marker gene for the northern Mongoloid. Namely, the Gm ab3st gene is found at the highest frequencies in the Baikal area, and then flows regularly to the Mongol, Tibetan, Yakut, Olunchun, Tungus, Korean, Japanese, and Ainu still at high frequencies; although the gene frequency decreased markedly from mainland China to Taiwan and Southeast Asia, and from North to South America. The center of dispersal of this Gm gene is considered to be in the Baikal area. On the basis of these Gm findings, the Japanese belong basically to the northern Mongoloid and originated most likely in the Baikal area."
↑  Beckwith, Christopher. . Brill. 2007.
↑  Encyclopædia Britannica: A New Survey of Universal Knowledge, Volume 2. "The Mongolid (Tungid and north Sinid) strain of the prehistoric Japanese must, to a large extent, be attributed to arrivals from Korea by way of the Tsushima straits, attested to by finds of clay vessels with pointed bottoms and with roller-stamped décor such as were made at Sobatu (north Kyushu)." Encyclopædia Britannica, 1964, p. 264.
↑  Weerakoon, R. Mythology & the Early Asian State. "The Yayoi are believed to be of Tungid stock and it is possible that northern mythology percolated to them in the regions of their origin." Community Publications, 1998, p. 137.
↑  Matsumoto, Hideo (2009). The origin of the Japanese race based on genetic markers of immunoglobulin G （页面存档备份，存于）. "This review addresses the distribution of genetic markers of immunoglobulin G (Gm) among 130 Mongoloid populations in the world. These markers allowed the populations to be clearly divided into 2 groups, the northern and southern groups. The northern group is characterized by high frequencies of 2 marker genes, ag and ab3st, and an extremely low frequency of the marker gene afb1b3; and the southern group, in contrast, is indicated by a remarkably high frequency of afb1b3 and low frequencies of ag and ab3st. Based on the geographical distribution of the markers and gene flow of Gm ag and ab3st (northern Mongoloid marker genes) from northeast Asia to the Japanese archipelago, the Japanese population belongs basically to the northern Mongoloid group and is thus suggested to have originated in northeast Asia, most likely in the Baikal area of Siberia."
↑  Sukeyuki M, Kenichi S. . Discuss Japan－Japan Foreign Policy Forum. 2016-06-03  [2019-01-21]. （原始内容存档于2019-01-21）.
↑  Yang MA, Fan X, Sun B, Chen C, Lang J, Ko YC,  et al. . Science. July 2020, 369 (6501): 282–288. PMID 32409524. doi:10.1126/science.aba0909.
↑  de Boer E, Yang MA, Kawagoe A, Barnes GL. . Evolutionary Human Sciences. 2020/ed, 2  [2021-06-09]. ISSN 2513-843X. doi:10.1017/ehs.2020.7 . （原始内容存档于2021-12-18） （英语）.  请检查|date=中的日期值 (帮助)
↑  Nonaka, I.; Minaguchi, K.; Takezaki, N. . Annals of Human Genetics. 2007, 71 (4): 480–495. ISSN 1469-1809. PMID 17274803. S2CID 1041367. doi:10.1111/j.1469-1809.2006.00343.x. hdl:10130/491 .
↑  Kutanan, Wibhu; Chakraborty, Ranajit; Eisenberg, Arthur; Sun, Jie; Chantawannakul, Panuwan; Ghirotto, Silvia; Pittayaporn, Pittayawat; Srikummool, Metawee; Srithawong, Suparat. . Journal of Human Genetics. July 2015, 60 (7): 371–380. ISSN 1435-232X. PMID 25833471. S2CID 21509343. doi:10.1038/jhg.2015.32.
↑  崎谷満『DNA・考古・言語の学際研究が示す新・日本列島史』(勉誠出版 2009年
↑  Robbeets, Martine; Savelyev, Alexander. . John Benjamins Publishing Company. 2017-12-21  [2021-06-12]. ISBN 9789027264640. （原始内容存档于2021-07-11）.
↑  《從大陸尋找渡來系彌生人的根源－與山東省的共同研究報告》，土井濱遺跡人類學博物館、山東文物考古研究所，2000年出版
↑  多賀谷昭《日本人漫長之旅I·由容貌探討日本人的由來》，NHK出版，2001年
↑  鶴間和幸著，李彥輝譯《始皇帝的遺產》，台灣商務印書館，2018年。
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1 2 3 4 5  Michael F Hammer; Tatiana M Karafet; Hwayong Park; Keiichi Omoto; Shinji Harihara; Mark Stoneking; Satoshi Horai. . Journal of Human Genetics. 2006, 51 (1): 47 – 58. PMID 16328082. doi:10.1007/s10038-005-0322-0.
↑  YOUICHI SATO, TOSHIKATSU SHINKA, ASHRAF A. EWIS, AIKO YAMAUCHI, TERUAKI IWAMOTO, YUTAKA NAKAHORI Overview of genetic variation in the Y chromosome of modern Japanese males. doi:10.1537/ase.140709
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↑  Yasuhisa Seo, Yasunari Takami, Tatsuo Nakayama, and Keiichi Takahama, "Y chromosome DNA polymorphisms and their haplotypes in a Japanese population." Legal Medicine (Tokyo). 1999 Sep;1(3):145-9. doi:10.1016/S1344-6223(99)80027-3
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↑  Jean A Trejaut, Estella S Poloni, Ju-Chen Yen, Ying-Hui Lai, Jun-Hun Loo, Chien-Liang Lee, Chun-Lin He and Marie Lin "Taiwan Y-chromosomal DNA variation and its relationship with Island Southeast Asia."BMC Genet. 2014 Jun 26;15:77. doi:10.1186/1471-2156-15-77.
↑  Kumarasamy et al.(2003)Genetic Affinities of the Andaman Islanders, a Vanishing Human Population Current Biology Volume 13, Issue 2, Pages 86–93 doi:10.1016/S0960-9822(02)01336-2
↑  Tambets, Kristiina et al. 2004, The Western and Eastern Roots of the Saami—the Story of Genetic “Outliers” Told by Mitochondrial DNA and Y Chromosomes PMC 1181943
↑  Duggan AT, Whitten M, Wiebe V, Crawford M, Butthof A, et al. (2013) Investigating the Prehistory of Tungusic Peoples of Siberia and the Amur-Ussuri Region with Complete mtDNA Genome Sequences and Y-chromosomal Markers PLoS ONE 8(12): e83570. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0083570
↑  Lell, Jeffrey T. et al. 2001-2002, The Dual Origin and Siberian Affinities of Native American Y Chromosomes PMC 384887
《日本史的誕生：東亞視野下的日本建國史》，岡田英弘著，台灣，八旗，2016。
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