诽谤
註釋

↑  Back, Sang Hyun. . Korea Economic Institute of America.   [22 September 2019]. （原始内容存档于22 September 2019）.
1 2  法操FOLLAW. . 關鍵評論. 2019-02-26  [2023-09-26]. （原始内容存档于2023-09-26）.
1 2  高雄律師，王瀚誼律師事務所. . 王瀚誼律師事務所. 王瀚誼律師事務所.   [2023-09-26]. （原始内容存档于2023-09-26）.
↑ False:
Ron Hankin, Navigating the Legal Minefield of Private Investigations: A Career-Saving Guide for Private Investigators, Detectives, And Security Police,  Looseleaf Law Publications, 2008, p. 59. "There are five essential elements to defamation: (1) The accusation is false; and (2) it impeaches the subject's character; and (3) it is published to a third person; and (4) it damages the reputation of the subject; and (5) that the accusation is done intentionally or with fault such as wanton disregard of facts."
Roger LeRoy Miller, Gaylord A. Jentz, Business Law Today: The Essentials, Cengage Learning, 2007, p. 115. "In other words, making a negative statement about another person is not defamation unless the statement is false and represents something as a fact (for example, 'Vladik cheats on his taxes') rather than a personal opinion (for example, 'Vladik is a jerk')."
Michael G. Parkinson, L. Marie Parkinson, Law for advertising, broadcasting, journalism, and public relations, Routledge, 2006, p. 273. "Simplifying a very complicated decision, the court said that because the plaintiff must prove a statement is false in order to win an action in defamation, it is impossible to win an action in defamation if the statement, by its very nature, cannot be proven false."
Edward Lee Lamoureux, Steven L. Baron, Claire Stewart, Intellectual property law and interactive media: free for a fee, Peter Lang, 2009, p. 190. "A statement can only be defamatory if it is false; therefore true statements of fact about others, regardless of the damage rendered, are not defamatory (although such comments might represent other sorts of privacy or hate speech violations). Defamation may occur when one party (the eventual defendant if a case goes forward) writes or says something that is false about a second party (plaintiff) such that some third party "receives" the communication, and the communication of false information damages the plaintiff".
↑  .   [2020-03-06]. （原始内容存档于2019-12-01）.
↑  Linda L. Edwards, J. Stanley Edwards, Patricia Kirtley Wells, Tort Law for Legal Assistants, Cengage Learning, 2008, p. 390. "Libel refers to written defamatory statements; slander refers to oral statements. Libel encompasses communications occurring in 'physical form'... defamatory statements on records and computer tapes are considered libel rather than slander."
↑  False light 的存檔，存档日期February 27, 2008，. by Professor Edward C. Martin – Cumberland School of Law, Samford University
↑  . （原始内容存档于8 August 2009）.
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↑  William H. Binder. . DePaul J. Art, Tech. & Intell. Prop. L. 297. 2002, 12 (2)  [2023-11-29]. （原始内容存档于2022-10-17）.
↑  林俊宏、林慶川. . 自由時報. 2011-03-08  [2023-11-29]. （原始内容存档于2018-07-12）.
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↑  . 玉鼎法律事務所. 玉鼎法律事務所.   [2023-09-26]. （原始内容存档于2023-09-26）.
↑  . 張思法律師. 張思法律師.   [2023-09-26]. （原始内容存档于2023-09-26）.
↑  . 天秤座法律網. 天秤座法律網.   [2023-09-26]. （原始内容存档于2023-09-26）.