犬儒主义
参考资料

↑  Christopher H. Hallett, (2005), The Roman Nude: Heroic Portrait Statuary 200 BC–AD 300, p. 294. Oxford University Press
1 2  罗, 竹风 (编).  5. 汉语大词典出版社. 2001: （3）. ISBN 9787543200166.
↑  CMEX中文數位化技術推廣基金會. . dict.revised.moe.edu.tw.   [2023-05-05]. （原始内容存档于2023-05-06） （中文（臺灣））.
↑  Laërtius & Hicks 1925, VI:23; Jerome, Adversus Jovinianum, 2.14.
1 2  Dudley 1937，第117頁
↑  Kynikos, "A Greek-English Lexicon", Liddell and Scott, at Perseus
↑  Diogenes Laërtius, vi. 13. Cf. The Oxford Companion to Classical Literature, 2nd edition, p. 165.
↑  Christian August Brandis, Scholium on Aristotle's Rhetoric, 引用自 Dudley 1937，第5頁
↑  Long 1996，第28頁
↑  Navia, Luis E. Classical Cynicism: A Critical Study. p. 140.
↑  Long 1996，第29頁
1 2 3 4  Kidd 2005,82-83
↑  米歇尔 2016，1984年2月1日第二课时
↑  Navia, Luis E. . Philosophy East and West. 1998-01, 48 (1). ISSN 0031-8221. doi:10.2307/1399938.
↑  Adamson, Peter. . Oxford University Press. 2015: 14  [2023-05-05]. ISBN 978-0-19-872802-3. （原始内容存档于2023-07-11） （英语）.
1 2  Diogenes Laërtius, vi. 2, 71; Dio Chrysostom, Orations, viii. 26–32; Pseudo-Lucian, Cynicus （页面存档备份，存于）, 13; Lucian, De Morte Peregrini （页面存档备份，存于）, 4, 33, 36.
1 2  Orlando Patterson: Freedom. p. 186
↑  Long 1996，第34頁
↑  Lucian, Dialogues of the Dead, 21 （页面存档备份，存于）
↑  Diogenes Laërtius, vi. 70
1 2  安斯加 2023，第1章
↑  Diogenes Laërtius, vi. 63
↑  Diogenes Laërtius, vi. 83; 对照：Marcus Aurelius, Meditations, ii. 15.
↑  Cynics （页面存档备份，存于） – The Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy
↑  David Mazella, (2007), The Making of Modern Cynicism, University of Virginia Press. ISBN 0-8139-2615-7
↑  Cynicism （页面存档备份，存于）, The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language. Fourth Edition. 2006. Houghton Mifflin Company.
↑  Bertrand Russell, A History of Western Philosophy, p. 231. Simon and Schuster.
↑  R. Martin, The Scythian Accent: Anacharsis and the Cynics, Branham & Goulet-Cazé 2000
↑  J. Romm, Dog Heads and Noble Savages: Cynicism before the Cynics, Bracht Branham & Goulet-Cazé 1996 harvnb模板錯誤: 無指向目標: CITEREFBracht_BranhamGoulet-Cazé1996 (幫助)
↑  Plato, Apology, 41e.
↑  Xenophon, Apology, 1.
↑  Epictetus, 3.22
↑  Aristotle, Politics: bk 2, 1268b
↑  Veblen, 1994 [1899]: 162
↑  Jon Ploug Jørgensen, The taming of the  aristoi - an ancient Greek civilizing process? History of the Human Sciences: July 2014 vol. 27 no. 3, pp. 42–43
↑  Dudley 1937，第1頁
↑  Branham & Goulet-Cazé 2000，第6頁
↑  Xenophon, Symposium, 4.57–64.
1 2 3  伯特兰·罗素. . . 由何, 兆武; 李, 约瑟翻译. 商务印书馆. 2008-10. ISBN 9787100059954.
↑  Diogenes Laërtius, vi. 2
↑  Diogenes Laërtius, vi. 15–18
↑  Prince 2005，第79頁
↑  Navia 1996，第40頁
↑  Xenophon, Symposium, 4.34.
↑  Diogenes Laërtius, vi. 20–21
↑  Diogenes Laërtius, vi. 6, 18, 21; Aelian, x. 16; Epictetus, Discourses, iii. 22. 63
↑  Long 1996，第45頁
↑  Dudley 1937，第2頁
↑  Prince 2005，第77頁
↑  Sarton, G., Ancient Science Through the Golden Age of Greece, Dover Publications. (1980).
↑  Diogenes Laërtius, vi. 23; Jerome, Adversus Jovinianum, 2.14
↑  Diogenes Laërtius, vi. 34
↑  Diogenes Laërtius, vi. 66
↑  Long 1996，第33頁
↑  Diogenes Laërtius, vi. 87–88
↑  Diogenes Laërtius, vi. 85, 87; Epictetus, Discourses, iii. 22. 63
↑  Long 1996，第46頁
↑  Doyne Dawson, (1992), Cities of the gods: communist utopias in Greek thought, p. 135. Oxford University Press
↑  Plutarch, Symposiacs, 2.1; Apuleius, Florida, 22; Julian, Orations, 6.201b
↑  Diogenes Laërtius, i. 15, vi. 105, vii. 2, etc
↑  Branham & Goulet-Cazé 2000，第13頁
↑  Long 1986，第234頁
↑  Long 1986，第234頁
↑  Cicero, De Officiis, i. 41.
↑  Dudley 1937，第124頁
↑  Lucian, De Morte Peregrini （页面存档备份，存于）, 3
↑  Lucian, Fugitivi （页面存档备份，存于）, 16.
↑  Aelius Aristides, iii. 654–694
↑  Seneca, De Beneficiis, vii.
↑  Lucian, De Morte Peregrini （页面存档备份，存于）.
↑  Lucian, Demonax.
↑  Epictetus, Discourses （页面存档备份，存于）, 3. 22. 23
↑  Epictetus, Discourses （页面存档备份，存于）, 3. 22. 80
↑  Dudley 1937，第202頁
↑  Damascius, Life of Isidorus.（即保存在Proclus的《Commentary on Plato's Parmenides》和Photius的《Bibliotheca》和《Suda》的片段）
1 2  Dudley 1937，第209–211頁
1 2  Leif Vaage, (1994), Galilean Upstarts: Jesus' First Followers According to Q. TPI
↑  F. Gerald Downing, (1992), Cynics and Christian Origins. T. & T. Clark.
↑  引自R. Ostling, "Who was Jesus?", Time, August 15, 1988, pp. 37–42.
↑  John Dominic Crossan, (1991), The Historical Jesus: The Life of a Mediterranean Jewish Peasant, ISBN 0-06-061629-6
↑  Craig A. Evans, Life of Jesus Research: An Annotated Bibliography, p. 151. Brill
↑  米歇尔 2016，1984年2月1日第一课时
↑  F. Gasco Lacalle, (1986) Cristianos y cinicos. Una tificacion del fenomeno cristiano durante el siglo II, pp. 111–119. Memorias de Historia Antigua 7.
↑  Dio Cassius, Epitome of book 65, 15.5 （页面存档备份，存于）; Herodian, Roman History, 1.9.2–5[]
↑  Lucian, De Morte Peregrini （页面存档备份，存于）, 10–15
↑  Origen, adv. Cels. 2.41, 6.28, 7.7; Basil of Caesarea, Leg. Lib. Gent. 9.3, 4, 20; Theodoret, Provid. 6; John Chrysostom, Ad. Op. Vit. Monast. 2.4, 5
↑  Augustine,  De Civitate Dei 14.20
↑  Leif E. Vaage, (1990), Cynic Epistles (Selections), in Vincent L. Wimbush, Ascetic Behavior in Greco-Roman Antiquity: A Sourcebook, pp. 117–118. Continuum International
↑  Justin Martyr,  Second Apology 3
↑  Zuckerman, Phil. Martin, Michael T , 编. . Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 2007: 57. ISBN 978-0-521-84270-9.
↑  Long 1996，第28頁
↑  Diogenes Laërtius, vii. 121
↑  Epictetus, Discourses （页面存档备份，存于）, 3. 22.
↑  Schofield 1991
1 2  Seneca, Epistles,  20.9,  62.3,  67.14,  91.19; De Beneficiis, vii. 1-2, 8-11; De Providentia; De Vita Beata
↑  Diogenes Laërtius, vi. 75; Plutarch, Alexander, 65; Strabo, xv. 65.
↑  Strabo, xv.  65; Plutarch. Alex. 65.
↑  Suda, "Philiskos", φ 359
↑  Curnow, Trevor. . A&C Black. 2006-06-22  [2018-07-08]. ISBN 9780715634974 （英语）.
↑  Diogenes Laërtius, vi. 82
↑  Diogenes Laërtius, vi. 94
1 2  Laertius, Diogenes. . Delphi Classics. 2015-04-15: 237  [2023-05-12]. ISBN 9781910630877. （原始内容存档于2023-05-12） （英语）.
↑  Eduard Zeller, Outlines of the History of Greek Philosophy, 13th Edition, page 247
↑  Fontaine, M. "Before Pussy Riot: Free Speech and Censorship in the Age of Plautus". p.14
↑  Cicero, Academica, i. 2, 8; Aulus Gellius, ii. 18; Macrobius, Sat. i. 11
↑  Diogenes Laërtius, vi. 102
↑  Oxyrhynchus papyrus, no. 1082.
↑  O'Neil 1977，第xv頁 harvnb模板錯誤: 無指向目標: CITEREFO'Neil1977 (幫助)
↑  Anth. Pal. v. 171., Neaves 1874, p. 86.
↑  Lucian, Demonax, 3.
↑  Lucian, The Death of Peregrinus, 17.
↑  Giovanni Reale, Ilaria Marchetti, Il pensiero antico. Milano, Vita e Pensiero, 2001, cap. quinto, "Reviviscenze del cinismo", pp. 406-410, ISBN 8834307003, ISBN 9788834307007
↑  Perry, B., Secundus: The Silent Philosopher.
↑  Lucian, Fugitivi, 16; De Morte Peregrini, 3.
↑  Athenagoras, Presbeia peri Christianon, 26.
↑  Lucian, De Morte Peregrini, 4.
↑  Eusebius, Praeparatio Evangelica, book v. （页面存档备份，存于） 18-36; book vi. （页面存档备份，存于） 7.
↑  Philostratus, Vitae Sophistarum, 1.23.
↑  Eusebius,  Church History iv. 16. 另见: Jerome,  De Viris Illustribus, 23
↑  Julian, Oration 7: To the Cynic Heracleios. cf. Eunapius, fr. 18, Libanius, Orations, xvii. 16, xviii. 157
↑  Julian, Orations, vii. 224D
↑  Macrobius, Saturnalia i. 7. 3
↑  Simplicius Commentary on Epictetus' Manual, 13
犬儒把赫拉克勒斯作为他们的守护神英雄，此图展示的是建于公元二世纪的镀金青铜雕像。
16世纪描绘犬儒形象的插画
安提西尼的半身像
《第欧根尼寻找一个诚实的人》（Diogenes Searching for an Honest Man）（约1780年），约翰·海因里希·威廉·蒂施贝因的画作
克拉特斯和希帕嘉，来自罗马的古董壁画
《第欧根尼坐在他的浴缸里》（Diogenes Sitting in His Tub）(1860年），让-莱昂·热罗姆的画作
科普特人的崇拜对象圣安东尼，一位早期的基督教苦行者。早期的基督教禁欲主义可能受到犬儒主义的影响。