阿爾卡特拉斯島
参考资料

↑  . . United States Geological Survey.
1 2  . . Encyclopædia Britannica. 2009  [2009-08-20]. （原始内容存档于2015-05-09）.
1 2 3 4  . National Register of Historic Places. National Park Service. 2007-01-23.
1 2  . National Historic Landmark summary listing. National Park Service.   [2007-10-22]. （原始内容存档于2007-10-12）.
↑  . movie.douban.com.   [2021-02-05]. （原始内容存档于2021-04-08）.
↑  Odier, Odier. . L'Image Odier. 1982. ISBN 0-9611632-0-8.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8  . Narrated by Howard Duff（英语：）. 1971  [30 August 2012]. （原始内容存档于2021-04-08）.
↑  . Books-about-california.com.   [2011-01-24]. （原始内容存档于2011-02-13）.
↑  . Alcatrazhistory.com.   [2011-01-24]. （原始内容存档于2018-09-11）.
↑  . Alcatrazcruises.com.   [2011-01-24]. （原始内容存档于2010-11-19）.
1 2 3  . Bop.gov.   [2011-01-24]. （原始内容存档于2011-01-09）.
↑  . Nps.gov. 2010-03-27  [2011-01-24]. （原始内容存档于2011-02-28）.
↑  . OED Online. Oxford University Press.   [20 October 2012]. （原始内容存档于2019-07-13）.
↑  Auguste Duhaut-Cilly. . University of California Press. 1999: 284. ISBN 978-0-520-21752-2.
↑  . Archive.org.   [2011-01-24].
1 2  . Sgha.net.   [2011-01-24]. （原始内容存档于2013-01-12）.
↑  . BBC.   [2011-01-24]. （原始内容存档于2010-12-31）.
1 2  . Nps.gov.   [2011-01-24]. （原始内容存档于2014-03-06）.
↑  . Militarymuseum.org.   [2011-01-24]. （原始内容存档于2011-02-06）.
↑  Alcatraz Preservation Project: Exposing the Layers of An American Landmark（pamphlet）, Golden Gate National Parks Conservancy, 2003.
1 2  Hannings, Bud. . Jefferson, North Carolina: McFarland & Co Inc. March 2005: 36. ISBN 978-0-7864-1796-4.
↑  
Grosser, P., Block, H., Blackwell, A. S., & Berkman, A.（1933）. Uncle Sam's Devil's Island: experiences of a conscientious objector in America during the World War. Boston: Published by a Group of friends. OCLC 13728108
↑  Oliver, Marilyn Tower. . Berkley Heights, NJ: Enslow Publishers Inc. 1998: 9. ISBN 0-89490-990-8.
↑  . A History of Alcatraz Island, 1847-1972, Historic Resources Study.   [6 September 2012]. （原始内容存档于2013-03-24）.
↑  . Alcatrazhistory.com.   [2011-01-24]. （原始内容存档于2010-11-19）.
↑  Ocean View Publishing Company. . Alcatrazhistory.com.   [2012-07-18]. （原始内容存档于2018-12-04）.
1 2  Larry R. Solomon, Roots of Justice, You Are Now on Indian Land, 2003
↑  Alcatraz Island 的存檔，存档日期2006-09-23., California State University Long Beach
↑  Indians of All Tribes, Alcatraz Is Not an Island, Berkeley, Wingbow Press, 1972
↑  Meredith May. . Bay Area & State (舊金山紀事報). 2011-11-21  [20 November 2011]. （原始内容存档于2011-11-21）.
↑  Stephen A. Haller.  (PDF). National Park Service. April 15, 1985  [2009-06-21]. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2009-03-26）.  and Accompanying 18 photos, exterior and interior, from 1985, 1980, and undated.PDF（4.03 MB）
↑  https://web.archive.org/web/20061015075505/http://www.nps.gov/archive/goga/admin/planning/alca-eis/doc/chap1.doc
↑  Adams, Gerald D., Alcatraz Proposal Highlights Wildlife Plan Would Open Up More of Rock, San Francisco Examiner（英语：）（July 27, 1993）, News section, p. A1.
↑  Locke, Michelle. . .ljworld.com. 2008-02-02  [2011-01-24]. （原始内容存档于2021-02-24）.
↑  . NBC 11.   [2011-01-24]. （原始内容存档于2008-05-02）.
↑  . www.nuantv.com.   [2024-06-23]. （原始内容存档于2024-06-23）.
Template:三藩市
|   |
| --- | --- |
国际:  VIAF  WorldCat 
各地:  德国  以色列  美国  捷克 
其他:  NARA  IdRef 
1895年的阿爾卡特拉斯島
黄昏中的阿爾卡特拉斯島，自东侧拍摄，左侧为“游行平台”
水塔和发电室
原住民占领的痕迹
阿爾卡特拉斯島地图