氣候變化政治
參考文獻

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1 2  Dessler 2020，Chpt. 2, p.35
↑  Figueres 2020，Chpt 6, p73.74
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14  Dessler 2020，Chpt. 1, 4,5
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↑  Dessler 2020，Chp1, Chpt4, section 4.2.5
↑  Mann 2021，Chpt 5, p111
↑  Dessler 2020，Chpt4, p141
↑  Dessler 2020，Chpt4, p148-149
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↑ Largest climate strike: 4 million protesters overall: 1.4 million protesters in Germany:
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1 2 3 4 5 6  Mann 2021，Chpt 9.
1 2 3 4  Figueres 2020，Chpt 1, Chpt 5
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↑  Poushter, Jacob; Fagan, Moira; Gubbala, Sneha. . pewresearch.org. Pew Research Center. 2022-08-31. （原始内容存档于2022-08-31）.  — Other threats in the survey were: spread of false information online, cyberattacks from other countries, condition of the global economy, and spread of infectious diseases.
↑  Vaughan, Adam. . New Scientist 244 (3261/62). 2019-12-18: 20–21  [2020-01-03]. （原始内容存档于2019-12-22）.
↑  Mann 2021，Chpt 9, p230-238
↑  McGinn, Miyo. . Grist. 2019-07-05  [2024-01-08]. （原始内容存档于2024-07-05） （美国英语）.
↑  Figueres 2020，Chpt 8, p158, p253
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↑  Mann 2021，Chpt 9, p226-230
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1 2  Peter Franklin. . unHerd. February 2020  [2021-04-10]. （原始内容存档于2024-07-04）.
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↑  Mann 2021，Chpt. 9. p238
↑  Dessler 2020，Chpt. 4, p131
↑  O'Callaghan, Brian; Murdock, Em.  (PDF). United Nations Environment Programme. 10 March 2020  [2024-04-16]. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2022-10-08）.
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↑  e.g. Tom Steyer, 'A fair, green recovery for all Californians （页面存档备份，存于）'; New York City, COVID-19 Green Recovery （页面存档备份，存于）.
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↑  Holder, Michael. . Business Green. 2020-06-05  [2023-07-19]. （原始内容存档于2020-06-19） （英语）.  含有連結內容需訂閱查看的頁面 (link)
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1 2 3  OECD (2009) Policy Guidance on Integrating Climate Change Adaptation into Development Co-operation 的存檔，存档日期2019-09-03., Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, Paris.
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↑  . BBC News. 15 April 2021  [2021-04-15]. （原始内容存档于2024-06-12） （英国英语）.
↑  IEA (2023), CO2 Emissions in 2022, IEA, Paris https://www.iea.org/reports/co2-emissions-in-2022 （页面存档备份，存于） , License: CC BY 4.0
↑  Schnabel, Isabel. . European Central Bank. 2022-01-08  [2024-04-16]. （原始内容存档于2024-07-28） （英语）.
↑  Mann 2021，Chpt 1-4
↑  Dessler 2020，Chpt 5, Section 5.2.2, p196-198
1 2 3  The Guardian, 2021-07-19 "How a Powerful U.S. Lobby Group Helps Big Oil to Block Climate Action" （页面存档备份，存于）
↑  Financial Times, 2021-08-02 "Fossil Fuel Groups Step Up Lobbying of SEC to Dilute Climate Reporting Rules--Oil And Gas Industry Stiffens Resistance to Tougher New Environmental Regime" （页面存档备份，存于）
↑  Open Democarcy,  2020-07-08 "How The Fossil Fuel Lobby Is Hijacking The European Green Deal" （页面存档备份，存于）
↑  The Guardian, 2019-10-24 "Fossil Fuel Big Five 'Spent €251m Lobbying EU' Since 2010; Report Comes Amid Calls for Set Up of Firewall to Protect Politics from Industry Influence" （页面存档备份，存于）
↑  The Guardian, 2020-10-01 "UK Held Private Talks with Fossil Fuel Firms about Glasgow Cop26--Documents Show BP, Shell and Equinor Had Several Meetings with Government Officials"
↑  Open Democracy, 2019-04-19 "Three Ways The Fossil Fuel Industry Influences The UK Political System" （页面存档备份，存于）
↑  Yale Environment 360, 2019-07-19 "Fossil Fuel Interests Have Outspent Environmental Advocates 10:1 on Climate Lobbying" （页面存档备份，存于）; Known spending (excluding "dark money" spending) by the oil and gas industry on Washington lobbyists for the year 2021 is available at: Open Secrets "Industry Profile: Oil & Gas" （页面存档备份，存于）
1 2  Reuters Events, 2015-11-23 "Lobbying: Climate Change--Beware Hot Air" （页面存档备份，存于）
↑  The Guardian 2019-10-24 "Fossil Fuel Big Five 'Spent €251m Lobbying EU' Since 2010" （页面存档备份，存于）
↑  Open Secrets "Oil & Gas" （页面存档备份，存于）
↑  Yale Climate Connections, 6 January 2020 ["Fossil Fuel Political Giving Outdistances Renewables 13 to One; During the Latest Midterm Election Cycle, the Fossil Fuel Industry Paid at Least $359 Million for Federal Campaign Donations and Lobbying"] The figures listed in this article include only known industry spending at the federal level; they do not include political contributions at the state and local levels and "dark money" spending.
↑  Holden, Emily. . The Guardian. 2020-02-24  [2023-10-30]. ISSN 0261-3077. （原始内容存档于2021-09-06） （英国英语）.
↑  Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2020-03-10 "Oil and Gas Companies Invest in Legislators that Vote Against The Environment" （页面存档备份，存于）
↑  Scientific American, 2015-10-26 "Exxon Knew about Climate Change Almost 40 Years Ago: A New Investigation Shows The Oil Company Understood The Science Before It Became a Public Issue And Spent Millions to Promote Misinformation"
↑  Union of Concerned Scientists,2017-10-12 "How the Fossil Fuel Industry Harassed Climate Scientist Michael Mann" （页面存档备份，存于）
↑  Weart 2015a harvnb error: no target: CITEREFWeart2015a (help): Global Warming Becomes a Political Issue (1980–1983) 的存檔，存档日期2016-06-29.; "In 1981, Ronald Reagan took the presidency with an administration that openly scorned their concerns. He brought with him a backlash that had been building against the environmental movement. Many conservatives denied nearly every environmental worry, global warming included. They lumped all such concerns together as the rants of business-hating liberals, a Trojan Horse for government regulation." For details, see Money for Keeling: Monitoring CO2 的存檔，存档日期2016-06-29.
↑  The Guardian (UK),  2019-09-17 "The Silenced: Meet The Climate Whistleblowers Muzzled by Trump--Six whistleblowers and ex-government scientists describe how the Trump administration made them bury climate science – and why they won't stay quiet"
↑  Union of Concerned Scientists, "Abuses of Science: Case Studies, Examples of Political Interference with Government Science Documented by The UCS Scientific Integrity Program, 2004-2009" （页面存档备份，存于）
↑  National Center for Science Education, "Review: The Republican War on Science, Reports of the National Center for Science Education" （页面存档备份，存于）
↑  Climate Science and Policy Watch, "Climate Science Censorship" （页面存档备份，存于）
↑  Time 2020-07-29 "Record Number of Environmental Activists Killed In 2019" （页面存档备份，存于）
↑  New Security Beat,  2018-10-30 "Environmental Activists Under Assault in Brazil"  （页面存档备份，存于）
↑  Dialogo Chino, 2021-04-19 "Brazil Set to ignore Escazú Agreement that Protects Environmental Activists:  With the Escazú Agreement about to enter into force across Latin America, there's no sign the Bolsonaro government will ratify it"  （页面存档备份，存于）
↑  The Guardian, 2019-09-24, "Revealed: How the FBI Targeted Environmental Activists in Domestic Terror Investigations: Protesters Were Characterized as a Threat to National Security in What One Calls an Attempt to Criminalize their Actions"
↑  The Guardian, 2020-01-13, "Revealed: U.S. Listed Climate Activist Group as 'Extremists' Alongside Mass Killers; DHS Listed Activists Engaged in Non-Violent Civil Disobedience Targeting Oil Industry Alongside White Supremacists in Documents "
↑  Human Rights Watch, 2019-11-29 [https://www.hrw.org/news/2019/11/29/targeting-environmental-activists-counterterrorism-measures-abuse-law （页面存档备份，存于） "Targeting Environmental Activists With Counterterrorism Measures is an Abuse of the Law"
↑  American Civil Liberties Union, 2018-02-06 "6 Ways Government Is Going After Environmental Activists" （页面存档备份，存于）
↑  Mann 2021，Chpt 8, p185
↑  Jonathan Watts. . The Guardian. 2021-02-27  [2021-04-22].
↑  Mann 2021，Chpt 5, p100, p107 -113
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↑  Editorial. . Nature Climate Change. November 2015, 5 (11): 957. Bibcode:2015NatCC...5Q.957.. doi:10.1038/nclimate2853 .  See also Sovacool, B. and Linnér, B.-O. (2016), The Political Economy of Climate Change Adaptation, Palgrave Macmillan UK.
↑  Dessler 2020，Chpt 5, section 5.3.2, p214-218
↑  Ray Pierrehumbert and Michael E. Mann. . The Guardian. 2021-04-22  [2021-04-22].
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↑  Saad, Lydia. . Gallup, Inc. 2023-04-20. （原始内容存档于2023-04-20）.
1 2  . PewResearch.org. Pew Research Center. 2020-02-13. （原始内容存档于2021-01-16）.  (Discontinuity resulted from survey changing in 2015 from reciting "global warming" to "climate change".)
1 2  McGreal, Chris. . The Guardian. 26 October 2021. （原始内容存档于26 October 2021）. Source: Guardian/Vice/CCN/YouGov poll. Note: ±4% margin of error.
1 2  Tyson, Alec; Funk, Cary; Kennedy, Brian. . Pew Research. 2022-03-01. （原始内容存档于2022-04-18）.
↑  Jones, Jeffrey M. . Gallup. 2022-04-11. （原始内容存档于2022-10-01）.
↑  Poushter, Jacob; Fagan, Moira; Gubbala, Sneha. . pewresearch.org. Pew Research Center. 2022-08-31. （原始内容存档于2022-08-31）. Only statistically significant differences shown.
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↑  How Margaret Thatcher Made the Conservative Case for Climate Action （页面存档备份，存于）, James West, Mother Jones, Mon 2013-04-08
↑  An Inconvenient Truth About Margaret Thatcher: She Was a Climate Hawk （页面存档备份，存于）, Will Oremus, Slate 2013-04-08
1 2  Lieven 2020，Passim, esp. Chpt. 1
↑  Dessler 2018，Chpt. 2, p.54 harvnb error: no target: CITEREFDessler2018 (help)
↑  Dryzek 2011，Chpt. 10
↑  Garmann, Sebastian. . Ecological Economics. 2014, 105: 1–10. ISSN 0921-8009. doi:10.1016/j.ecolecon.2014.05.011.
↑  Haibach, H. and Schneider, K., 2013. The Politics of Climate Change: Review and Future Challenges. In: O. Ruppel, C. Roschmann and K. Ruppel-Schlichting, ed., Climate Change: International Law and Global Governance: Volume II: Policy, Diplomacy and Governance in a Changing Environment, 1st ed. Baden-Baden: Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft mbH, p.372.
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↑  Dryzek, John S.; Norgaard, Richard B.; Schlosberg, David. . Oxford University Press. 2011-08-18  [2024-04-16]. doi:10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199566600.003.0001. （原始内容存档于2020-10-29）.
↑  
Oreskes, Naomi. . Science. December 2004, 306 (5702): 1686. PMID 15576594. doi:10.1126/science.1103618 . Such statements suggest that there might be substantive disagreement in the scientific community about the reality of anthropogenic climate change. This is not the case. [...] Politicians, economists, journalists, and others may have the impression of confusion, disagreement, or discord among climate scientists, but that impression is incorrect.
↑  
America's Climate Choices: Panel on Advancing the Science of Climate Change; National Research Council. . Washington, D.C.: The National Academies Press. 2010. ISBN 978-0-309-14588-6. doi:10.17226/12782. （原始内容存档于29 May 2014）. (p1) ... there is a strong, credible body of evidence, based on multiple lines of research, documenting that climate is changing and that these changes are in large part caused by human activities. While much remains to be learned, the core phenomenon, scientific questions, and hypotheses have been examined thoroughly and have stood firm in the face of serious scientific debate and careful evaluation of alternative explanations. * * * (p21-22) Some scientific conclusions or theories have been so thoroughly examined and tested, and supported by so many independent observations and results, that their likelihood of subsequently being found to be wrong is vanishingly small. Such conclusions and theories are then regarded as settled facts. This is the case for the conclusions that the Earth system is warming and that much of this warming is very likely due to human activities.
↑   (PDF). United States National Academy of Sciences. 2008  [30 May 2010]. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2013-04-23）. Most scientists agree that the warming in recent decades has been caused primarily by human activities that have increased the amount of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere.
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