孔雀王朝
註記

↑  Nath sen, Sailendra. . Routledge. 1999: 164  [2023-09-24]. ISBN 9788122411980. （原始内容存档于2022-09-27）.
1 2 3  Bronkhorst, Johannes; Flood, Gavin. . Oxford University Press. July 2020: 68. ISBN 978-0-19-873350-8 （英语）.
↑  Omvedt, Gail. . SAGE Publications. 18 August 2003: 119. ISBN 978-0-7619-9664-4 （英语）.
↑  Smith, vincent A. . Oxford University Press. 1981: 99. the only direct evidence throwing light ....is that of Jain tradition. ...it may be that he embraced Jainism towards the end of his reign. ...after much consideration I am inclined to accept the main facts as affirmed by tradition .... no alternative account exists.
↑  Dalrymple, William. . Bloomsbury Publishing. 2009-10-07. ISBN 978-1-4088-0341-7 （英语）. It was here, in the third century BC, that the first Emperor of India, Chandragupta Maurya, embraced the Jain religion and died through a self-imposed fast to the death,......
↑  Keay, John. . Open Road + Grove/Atlantic. 1981: 85–86. ISBN 978-0-8021-9550-0 （英语）.
1 2  Long, Jeffery D. . Rowman & Littlefield. 15 April 2020: 255. ISBN 978-1-5381-2294-5 （英语）.
↑  Boyce, Mary; Grenet, F. . BRILL. January 1991: 149. ISBN 978-90-04-29391-5 （英语）.
↑  Avari, Burjor (2007). India, the Ancient Past: A History of the Indian Sub-continent from C. 7000 BC to AD 1200 的存檔，存档日期23 November 2022. Taylor & Francis. ISBN 0415356156. pp. 188-189.
↑  Taagepera, Rein. . Social Science History. 1979, 3 (3/4): 132. JSTOR 1170959. doi:10.2307/1170959.
↑  Turchin, Peter; Adams, Jonathan M.; Hall, Thomas D. . Journal of World-Systems Research. December 2006, 12 (2): 223  [16 September 2016]. ISSN 1076-156X. （原始内容存档于20 May 2019）.
1 2  
Dyson, Tim, , Oxford University Press: 16–17, 2018, ISBN 978-0-19-882905-8  Quote: "Magadha power came to extend over the main cities and communication routes of the Ganges basin. Then, under Chandragupta Maurya (c.321–297 bce), and subsequently Ashoka his grandson, Pataliputra became the centre of the loose-knit Mauryan 'Empire' which during Ashoka's reign (c.268–232 bce) briefly had a presence throughout the main urban centres and arteries of the subcontinent, except for the extreme south."
1 2  
Ludden, David, , Oneworld Publications: 28–30, 2013, ISBN 978-1-78074-108-6
↑  Hermann Kulke 2004，第xii, 448頁.
↑  Thapar, Romila. . Penguin Books. 1990: 384. ISBN 0-14-013835-8.
1 2  R. K. Mookerji 1966，第31頁.
↑  Seleucus I ceded the territories of Arachosia (modern Kandahar), Gedrosia (modern Balochistan), and Paropamisadae (or Gandhara). Aria (modern Herat) "has been wrongly included in the list of ceded satrapies by some scholars ... on the basis of wrong assessments of the passage of Strabo ... and a statement by Pliny" (Raychaudhuri & Mukherjee 1996, p. 594).
↑  John D Grainger 2014，第109頁: Seleucus "must ... have held Aria", and furthermore, his "son Antiochos was active there fifteen years later".
↑  Bhandari, Shirin. . Roads & Kingdoms. 2016-01-05  [2016-07-19]. （原始内容存档于2019-04-15） （美国英语）.
↑  Hermann Kulke 2004，第67頁.
↑  
Dyson, Tim, , Oxford University Press: 24, 2018, ISBN 978-0-19-882905-8  Quote: "Yet Sumit Guha considers that 20 million is an upper limit. This is because the demographic growth experienced in core areas is likely to have been less than that experienced in areas that were more lightly settled in the early historic period. The position taken here is that the population in Mauryan times (320–220 BCE) was between 15 and 30 million—although it may have been a little more, or it may have been a little less."
↑  
Dyson, Tim, , Oxford University Press: 19, 2018, ISBN 978-0-19-882905-8
↑  "It is doubtful if, in its present shape, [the Arthashastra] is as old as the time of the first Maurya", as it probably contains layers of text ranging from Maurya times till as late as the 2nd century CE. Nonetheless, "though a comparatively late work, it may be used ... to confirm and supplement the information gleaned from earlier sources". (Raychaudhuri & Mukherjee 1996, pp. 246–247)
↑  Sugandhi, Namita. : 67. 2008-08-01  [2024-09-06].
↑  Kosmin 2014，第31頁.
↑  Nath sen, Sailendra. . Routledge. 1999: 162  [2023-09-24]. ISBN 9788122411980. （原始内容存档于2022-09-27）.
↑  Thapar 2013，第362–364頁.
1 2  Sen 1895，第26–32頁. sfn模板錯誤: 無指向目標: CITEREFSen1895 (幫助)
↑  Upinder Singh 2008，第272頁.
↑  Mookerji 1988，第28–33頁. sfn模板錯誤: 無指向目標: CITEREFMookerji1988 (幫助)
↑  Hemacandra 1998，第175–188頁. sfn模板錯誤: 無指向目標: CITEREFHemacandra1998 (幫助)
↑  Mookerji 1988，第33頁. sfn模板錯誤: 無指向目標: CITEREFMookerji1988 (幫助)
↑  Malalasekera 2002，第383頁. sfn模板錯誤: 無指向目標: CITEREFMalalasekera2002 (幫助)
↑  Mookerji 1988，第33-34頁. sfn模板錯誤: 無指向目標: CITEREFMookerji1988 (幫助)
↑  Trautmann 1971，第43頁. sfn模板錯誤: 無指向目標: CITEREFTrautmann1971 (幫助)
↑  Chandragupta Maurya and His Times, Radhakumud Mookerji, Motilal Banarsidass Publ., 1966, p.26-27 Mookerji, Radhakumud. . 1966  [2016-11-26]. ISBN 9788120804050. （原始内容存档于27 November 2016）.
↑
↑  Mookerji 1988，第34頁. sfn模板錯誤: 無指向目標: CITEREFMookerji1988 (幫助)
↑  Roy 2012，第62頁. sfn模板錯誤: 無指向目標: CITEREFRoy2012 (幫助)
1 2  . Greenwood Publishing. 2002  [16 August 2019]. ISBN 0313309426.
↑  Kistler, John M. . University of Nebraska Press. 2007: 67  [16 August 2019]. ISBN 978-0803260047.
↑  s, deepak. . deepak shinde. 2016-10-25 （英语）.
↑  Kosmin 2014，第38頁.
↑  Arrian. . .   [2023-09-24]. （原始内容存档于2016-01-10）. Megasthenes lived with Sibyrtius, satrap of Arachosia, and often speaks of his visiting Sandracottus, the king of the Indians.
↑  "In the royal residences in India where the greatest of the kings of that country live, there are so many objects for admiration that neither Memnon's city of Susa with all its extravagance, nor the magnificence of Ectabana is to be compared with them. ... In the parks, tame peacocks and pheasants are kept." Aelian, Characteristics of animals book XIII, Chapter 18, also quoted in The Cambridge History of India, Volume 1, p411
↑  Romila Thapar (1961), Aśoka and the decline of the Mauryas, Volume 5, p.129, Oxford University Press. "The architectural closeness of certain buildings in Achaemenid Iran and Mauryan India have raised much comment. The royal palace at Pataliputra is the most striking example and has been compared with the palaces at Susa, Ecbatana, and Persepolis."
↑  Chatterjee, Suhas. . M.D. Publications. 1998. ISBN 9788175330832 （英语）.
↑  Dikshitar, V. R. Ramachandra. . Motilal Banarsidass. 1993. ISBN 9788120810235 （英语）.
↑  R. K. Mookerji 1966，第39–40頁.
↑  Geoffrey Samuel 2010，第60頁.
↑  Romila Thapar 2004，第178頁.
↑  R. K. Mookerji 1966，第39–41頁.
↑  Srinivasachariar 1974，第lxxxvii頁. sfn模板錯誤: 無指向目標: CITEREFSrinivasachariar1974 (幫助)
↑  Motilal Banarsidass. . Phyllis Granoff  (编). . 由Rosalind Lefeber翻译. 1993: 204–206. ISBN 9788120811508.
1 2  Upinder Singh 2008，第331頁.
↑  Dineschandra Sircar 1971，第167頁. sfn模板錯誤: 無指向目標: CITEREFDineschandra_Sircar1971 (幫助)
↑  William Woodthorpe Tarn. . Cambridge University Press. 2010: 152. ISBN 9781108009416.
↑  Mookerji Radhakumud. . Motilal Banarsidass. 1962: 8. ISBN 978-81-208-0582-8. （原始内容存档于10 May 2018）.
1 2  Alain Daniélou 2003，第109頁.
↑  Eugène Burnouf. . New York: E. P. Dutton. 1911: 59.
1 2 3  S. N. Sen 1999，第142頁.
↑  "Three Greek ambassadors are known by name: Megasthenes, ambassador to Chandragupta; Deimachus, ambassador to Chandragupta's son Bindusara; and Dyonisius, whom Ptolemy Philadelphus sent to the court of Ashoka, Bindusara's son", McEvilley, p.367
↑  India, the Ancient Past, Burjor Avari, pp. 108–109
↑  Anukul Chandra Banerjee, Buddhism in comparative light, p. 24
↑  Beni Madhab Barua, Ishwar Nath Topa, Ashoka and his inscriptions, Volume 1, p. 171
↑  Kashi Nath Upadhyaya. . Motilal Banarsidass. 1997: 33. ISBN 9788120808805.
↑  Allchin, F. R.; Erdosy, George. . Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 1995: 306.
↑  Edicts of Ashoka, 13th Rock Edict, translation S. Dhammika.
↑  Thapar, Romila. . Oxford Scholarship Online. 2012  [2023-09-24]. ISBN 9780198077244. doi:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198077244.003.0031. （原始内容存档于2020-06-11）.
↑  Kangle, R. P. . Motilal Banarsidass Publ. 1986. ISBN 978-81-208-0041-0 （英语）.
↑  Nath sen, Sailendra. . Routledge. 1999: 160  [2023-09-24]. ISBN 9788122411980. （原始内容存档于2022-09-27）.
↑  Gabriel A, Richard. . Greenwood Publishing Group. 30 November 2006: 28. ISBN 9780313333484.
↑  R. C. Majumdar 2003，第107頁.
↑  Kulke, Herman. . Routledge. 2004: 79  [2023-09-24]. ISBN 9780415329200. （原始内容存档于2023-11-02）.
1 2  Roger Boesche. . Lexington Books. 2003: 67–70. ISBN 978-0-7391-0607-5.
↑  . Allied Publishers. 1988. ISBN 9788184245684 （英语）.
↑  . The Times of India.   [2023-09-24]. （原始内容存档于2023-03-13）.
↑  The Economic History of the Corporate Form in Ancient India. 的存檔，存档日期4 February 2016. University of Michigan.
↑  CNG Coins 的存檔，存档日期27 August 2017.
↑  Nath sen, Sailendra. . Routledge. 1999: 164  [2023-09-24]. ISBN 9788122411980. （原始内容存档于2022-09-27）.
↑  Ray, A. . Taylor & Francis. 2016: 22  [2023-09-24]. ISBN 978-1-351-99731-7. （原始内容存档于2022-10-20）.
↑  John Cort 2010，第142頁.
↑  Tukol, T. K. . （原始内容存档于4 March 2016）.
↑  John Cort 2010，第199頁.
↑  S. M. Haldhar. . Om. 2001: 38. ISBN 9788186867532.
↑  Beni Madhab Barua.  1. 1968: 171.
↑  Jerry Bentley, Old World Encounters: Cross-Cultural Contacts in Pre-Modern Times (New York: Oxford University Press), 46
↑  Dyson, Tim, , Oxford University Press: 24, 2018, ISBN 978-0-19-882905-8  Quote: "Yet Sumit Guha considers that 20 million is an upper limit. This is because the demographic growth experienced in core areas is likely to have been less than that experienced in areas that were more lightly settled in the early historic period. The position taken here is that the population in Mauryan times (320–220 bce) was between 15 and 30 million—although it may have been a little more, or it may have been a little less."
↑  Dyson, Tim, , Oxford University Press: 19, 2018, ISBN 978-0-19-882905-8
↑  "L'age d'or de l'Inde Classique", p23
↑  "L'age d'or de l'Inde Classique", p22
↑  R. K. Mookerji 1966，第15頁.
↑  Described in Marshall p.25-28 Ashoka pillar.
↑  Ramaprasad, Chanda. . 1919: 25-28.
↑  Allen, Charles. . London: Hachette Digital. 2012: 274. ISBN 978-1-408-70388-5.
↑  Rangarajan, M. (2001) India's Wildlife History, pp 7.
1 2  Rangarajan, M. (2001) India's Wildlife History, pp 8.
↑  D. C. Ahir. . 1998: 121.