模擬理論
參考文獻

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↑  . Preposterousuniverse.com (). Sean Carroll. January 18, 2021.  事件发生在 0:53.37  [2023-06-28]. （原始内容存档于2023-10-10）. The laws that we observe just don't look like a competently programmed simulation... They have a lot of hidden complexity. So when you dig deeper you find that there's a hidden structure that's not used for anything. Why would you do that, if you're simulating a world? Also, the laws are very constrained. They are local; they don't change in time; they don't change in place. In a programmed environment, there's no reason to obey any of those constraints... And then there's the embarrassing question of, okay if this is a simulated world, what is the thing in which it is simulated made out of? What are the laws for that? So it begs the question.
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↑  Campbell, T., Owhadi, H., Sauvageau, J. and Watkinson, D. (2017) On Testing the Simulation Theory.
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↑  Bostrom, Nick.  (PDF). 2009  [2023-06-28]. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2023-07-16）. If each first-level ancestor-simulation run by the non-Sims requires more resources (because they contain within themselves additional second-level ancestor-simulations run by the Sims), the non-Sims might well respond by producing fewer first-level ancestor-simulations. Conversely, the cheaper it is for the non-Sims to run a simulation, the more simulations they may run. It is therefore unclear whether the total number of ancestor-simulations would be greater if Sims run ancestor-simulations than if they do not.
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↑  "There is no logical impossibility in the supposition that the whole of life is a dream, in which we ourselves create all the objects that come before us. But although this is not logically impossible, there is no reason whatever to suppose that it is true; and it is, in fact, a less simple hypothesis, viewed as a means of accounting for the facts of our own life, than the common-sense hypothesis that there really are objects independent of us, whose action on us causes our sensations." Bertrand Russell, The Problems of Philosophy
1 2  René Descartes, Meditations on the First Philosophy, from Descartes, The Philosophical Works of Descartes, trans. Elizabeth S. Haldane and G.R.T. Ross (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1911 – reprinted with corrections 1931), Volume I, 145-46.
↑  Chalmers, J., The Matrix as Metaphysics （页面存档备份，存于）, Department of Philosophy, University of Arizona
↑  Alva H. Katsoulis: The Limit of Knowledge, Wittgenstein's certain defeat of skepticism. Uppsala University, 2021. Available online at https://uu.diva-portal.org/smash/get/diva2:1631134/FULLTEXT01.pdf （页面存档备份，存于）
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↑  Chalmers, David. https://books.google.com/books?id=yTQr0nxL-GIC&pg=PA158 |chapterurl=缺少标题 (帮助). C. Grau  (编). . Oxford University Press. 2005: 157–158. ISBN 9780195181067. LCCN 2004059977. Evil Genius Hypothesis: I have a disembodied mind and an evil genius is feeding me sensory inputs to give the appearance of an external world. This is René Descartes's classical skeptical hypothesis... Dream Hypothesis: I am now and have always been dreaming. Descartes raised the question: how do you know that you are not currently dreaming? Morpheus raises a similar question: 'Have you ever had a dream, Neo, that you were so sure was real. What if you were unable to wake from that dream? How would you know the difference between the dream world and the real world?'... I think this case is analogous to the Evil Genius Hypothesis: it's just that the role of the "evil genius" is played by a part of my own cognitive system! If my dream-generating system simulates all of space-time, we have something like the original Matrix Hypothesis.  p.22 （页面存档备份，存于）
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