美國人
參考文獻

↑  . 美國人口普查.   [2021-04-26].  The 2020 census is as of April 1, 2020.
↑  .   [2012-03-31]. （原始内容存档于2018-10-04）.
↑  Smith, Dr. Claire M.  (PDF). OVF Research Newsletter. Overseas Vote Foundation. August 2010  [2012-12-11]. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2013-10-24）. Previous research indicates that the number of U.S. Americans living in Mexico is around 1 million, with 600,000 of those living in Mexico City.
↑  . Statistics Canada. Government of Canada. 2010-06-10  [2013-02-17]. （原始内容存档于2020-12-11）. Ethnic origins Americans Total responses 316,350
↑  Barrie McKenna. . The Globe and Mail (Ottawa). 2012-06-27  [2012-12-17]. （原始内容存档于2021-05-01）. There are roughly a million Americans in Canada – many with little or no ties to the United States.
↑  Population Division, Department of Economic and Social Affairs.  (报告). United Nations. December 2017  [2019-06-29]. International Migration. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2007-02-14）. HV1731 2,694 
United Nations Population Division.  (报告). Pew Research Center: Global Attitudes & Trends. 2018-02-28  [2019-06-29]. （原始内容存档于2019-06-30）. United States <10,000 
Gottipati, Sruthi. . The New York Times. 2012-02-08  [2019-03-20]. （原始内容存档于2019-03-21）. While 35,973 U.S. citizens (not including those eligible for special visas available for Americans of Indian origin) registered in 2008, 41,938 did so the following year, according to the latest figures available with the Ministry of Home Affairs. 
White House. . whitehouse.gov. 2017-06-26  [2019-03-19]. （原始内容存档于2022-02-27） –National Archives. Today, nearly 4 million Indian-Americans reside in the United States and over 700,000 U.S. citizens live in India. Last year, the United States Government issued nearly one million visas to Indian citizens, and facilitated 1.7 million visits by Indian citizens to the United States.
↑  Evan S. Medeiros; Keith Crane; Eric Heginbotham; Norman D. Levin; Julia F. Lowell. . Rand Corporation. 2008-11-07: 115  [2021-09-06]. ISBN 978-0-8330-4708-3. （原始内容存档于2020-07-25）. An estimated 4 million Filipino-Americans, most of whom are U.S. citizens or dual citizens, live in the United States, and over 250,000 U.S. citizens live in the Philippines. 
. CNN Philippines (Metro Manila). 2016-12-02  [2017-03-20]. （原始内容存档于2017-03-21）. According to his figures, there are about 4 million Filipino-Americans residing in the U.S., and 250,000 Americans living and working in the Philippines. 
Lozada, Aaron. . ABS-CBN News (Manila). 2016-12-02  [2017-03-20]. （原始内容存档于2017-03-21）. According to Kim, the special relations between the U.S. and the Philippines is evident in the "four million Filipino-Americans who are residing in the United States and 250,000 Americans living and working in the Philippines." 
International Business Publications, USA. . Int'l Business Publications. 2013-08-01: 29  [2021-09-06]. ISBN 978-1-4387-7078-9. （原始内容存档于2017-03-22）. An estimated 600,000 Americans visit the Philippines each year, while an estimated 300,000 reside in-country. 
Kapoor, Kanupriya; Dela Cruz, Enrico. . Reuters (奧隆阿波). 2016-10-17  [2018-04-20]. （原始内容存档于2018-04-21）. About four million people of Philippine ancestry live in the United States, one of its largest minorities, and about 220,000 Americans, many of them military veterans, live in the Philippines. An additional 650,000 visit each year, according to U.S. State Department figures. 
. U.S. Embassy in the Philippines. United States Department of State. 2014-04-28  [2018-04-20]. （原始内容存档于2017-02-17）. Around 350,000 Americans reside in the Philippines, and approximately 600,000 U.S. citizens visit the country each year.
↑  Cooper, Matthew. . National Journal. 2013-11-15  [2015-01-28]. （原始内容存档于2015-09-07）. c. At the same time, person-to-person contacts are widespread: Some 600,000 Americans live in the Philippines and there are 3 million Filipino-Americans, many of whom are devoting themselves to typhoon relief.
↑  US Embassy in Brazil （页面存档备份，存于） US Embassy in Brazil. Retrieved March 29, 2020.
↑  . 美國駐法國大使館. United States Department of State.   [2015-04-26]. （原始内容存档于2015-04-18）. Today, although no official figure is available it is estimated that over 150,000 American citizens reside in France, making France one of the top 10 destinations for American expatriates.
↑  Daphna Berman. . Haaretz. 2008-01-23  [2012-12-11]. （原始内容存档于2015-09-24）. According to estimates, some 200,000 American citizens live in Israel and the Palestinian territories.
↑  Michele Chabin. . USA Today (Jerusalem). 2012-03-19  [2012-12-11]. （原始内容存档于2020-06-29）. Most of the 200,000 U.S. citizens in Israel have dual citizenship, and fertility treatments are common because they are free.
↑  Simon Rogers. . The Guardian. 2011-05-26  [2013-02-17]. （原始内容存档于2021-05-01）. County of birth and county of nationality. United States of America 197 143
↑  . Embassy of the United States Seoul, Korea. United States Department of State.   [2012-12-11]. （原始内容存档于2012-11-30）. This website is updated daily and should be your primary resource when applying for a passport, Consular Report of Birth Abroad, notarization, or any of the other services we offer to the estimated 120,000 U.S. citizens traveling, living, and working in Korea. 
. Advertiser. Agence France-Presse. 2013-03-22  [2013-03-23]. （原始内容存档于2023-01-12）. According to official immigration figures, South Korea has an American population of more than 130,000 civilians and 28,000 troops.
↑  . Bureau of Western Hemisphere Affairs. United States Department of State. 2012-04-09  [2012-12-11]. （原始内容存档于2021-07-07）. Over 130,000 private American citizens, including many retirees, reside in the country and more than 700,000 American citizens visit Costa Rica annually. 
Bloom, Laura Begley. . New York Post. 2018-07-31  [2020-02-19]. （原始内容存档于2020-02-20）. Approximately 120,000 citizens live in this stable country, many as retirees, according to the State Department.
↑  publisher. . www.destatis.de.   [2021-09-06]. （原始内容存档于2017-11-24）.
↑  Calum Macleod. . 2005-11-18  [2020-05-24]. （原始内容存档于2021-05-07）.
↑  . United States Department of State.   [2014-02-27]. （原始内容存档于2013-04-20）. Based on Colombian statistics, an estimated 60,000 U.S. citizens reside in Colombia and 280,000 U.S. citizens travel, study and do business in Colombia each year.
↑  . Previous Editions of Hong Kong Background Note. United States Department of State. 2011-10-11  [2012-12-11]. （原始内容存档于2020-11-02）. There are some 1,400 U.S. firms, including 817 regional operations (288 regional headquarters and 529 regional offices), and over 60,000 American residents in Hong Kong.
↑   (Excel). Immigration Services Agency of Japan.   [2021-04-08]. （原始内容存档于2021-05-10）.
↑   (PDF). Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Japan. 2008-02-22  [2021-04-08]. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2021-07-07）.
↑  .   [2014-10-19]. （原始内容存档于2013-09-08）.
↑  Gishkori, Zahid. . The Express Tribune（英语：）. 2015-07-30  [2017-08-03]. （原始内容存档于2021-06-27）. 52,486 Americans... are residing in [Pakistan], the interior minister added.
↑  Kelly Carter. . USA Today (Positano, Italy). 2005-05-17  [2012-12-17]. （原始内容存档于2021-05-01）. Nearly 50,000 Americans lived in Italy at the end of 2003, according to Italy's immigration office.
↑  . BQ Magazine. 2015-04-12  [2015-06-13]. （原始内容存档于2015-07-11）.
↑  McKinley Jr.; James C. . The New York Times. 2010-01-17  [2015-02-27]. （原始内容存档于2020-11-03）.
↑  . Commerce Office. Embassy of Saudi Arabia in Washington, D.C.（英语：）.   [2012-02-14]. （原始内容存档于2012-09-13）. Furthermore, there are approximately 40,000 Americans living and working in the Kingdom.
↑  . Previous Editions of Argentina Background Note. United States Department of State. 2012-03-12  [2012-12-24]. （原始内容存档于2020-06-29）. The Embassy's Consular Section monitors the welfare and whereabouts of some 37,000 U.S. citizen residents of Argentina and more than 500,000 U.S. tourists each year.
↑  .   [2014-10-19]. （原始内容存档于2010-10-28）.
↑  . Previous Editions of Panama Background Note. United States Department of State. 2012-01-25  [2012-12-29]. （原始内容存档于2020-06-27）. The countries share ethnic and cultural ties, especially in education, and The Bahamas is home to approximately 30,000 American residents.
↑  Kate King. . CNN. 2006-07-18  [2012-02-14]. （原始内容存档于2012-03-06）. About 350 of the estimated 25,000 American citizens in Lebanon had been flown to Cyprus from the U.S. Embassy in Beirut by nightfall Tuesday, Maura Harty, the assistant secretary of state for consular affairs, told reporters.
↑  . Previous Editions of Panama Background Note. United States Department of State. March 2009  [2012-12-17]. （原始内容存档于2020-06-29）. About 25,000 American citizens reside in Panama, many retirees from the Panama Canal Commission and individuals who hold dual nationality.
↑   (PDF): 101.   [2015-07-23]. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2013-09-27）.
↑  . Instituto Natcional de Estadistica. 2007-01-01  [2018-05-28]. （原始内容存档于2019-12-13） （西班牙语）. Both genders 22,082
↑  S. Vedoya; V. Rivera. . Latercera. 2018-04-04  [2018-04-20]. （原始内容存档于2022-03-06） （西班牙语）.
↑  . United States Department of State.   [2014-04-11]. （原始内容存档于2014-04-13）. More than 19,000 American citizens live and work full-time in El Salvador
↑  . .   [2012-03-31]. （原始内容存档于2009-07-31）.
↑  Luis Lug; Sandra Stencel; John Green; Gregory Smith; Dan Cox; Allison Pond; Tracy Miller; Elixabeth Podrebarac; Michelle Ralston.  (PDF). Pew Forum on Religion & Public Life. Pew Research Center. February 2008  [2012-02-12]. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2013-07-05）.
↑ 美國法典第8编 （ 英语 ： ） § 第1401節; 美國法典第8编 （ 英语 ： ） § 第1408節; 美國法典第8编 （ 英语 ： ） § 第1452節; see also
. Third Circuit: 494 n.3. 2018-07-30  [2021-09-06]. （原始内容存档于2021-08-12）. While all citizens are nationals, not all nationals are citizens.
. D.C. Circuit: 302. 2015-06-05  [2021-09-06]. （原始内容存档于2021-11-12）.
. Fourth Circuit: 341. 2007-09-26  [2021-09-06]. （原始内容存档于2021-08-30）. All citizens of the United States are nationals, but some nationals are not citizens.
. U.S. Supreme Court: 467 n.2. 1998-04-22  [2021-09-06]. （原始内容存档于2021-11-12）.
. Fourth Circuit: 126. 1996-04-05  [2021-09-06]. （原始内容存档于2021-11-12）.
1 2
. NBC News. Associated Press. 2018-03-28  [2018-10-01]. （原始内容存档于2018-09-28）.
Mendoza, Moises. . 國際公眾電台 (PRI). 2014-10-11  [2018-08-24]. （原始内容存档于2018-08-25）.
↑
. Ninth Circuit: 3. 2021-05-18  [2021-09-06]. （原始内容存档于2021-11-12）.
. Second Circuit: 2. 2020-10-14  [2021-09-06]. （原始内容存档于2021-11-12）.
. Second Circuit: 4. 2020-01-03  [2021-09-06]. （原始内容存档于2021-11-12）.
. Third Circuit: 796. 2019-12-27  [2021-09-06]. （原始内容存档于2021-11-12）.
. Third Circuit: 218. 2019-09-04  [2021-09-06]. （原始内容存档于2021-11-12）.
. Second Circuit: 131. 2018-09-13  [2021-09-06]. （原始内容存档于2021-11-12）.
. Eleventh Circuit: 545. 2013-03-14  [2021-09-06]. （原始内容存档于2021-08-30）.
. Ninth Circuit: 1092. 2012-03-12  [2021-09-06]. （原始内容存档于2021-11-12）.
. U.S. District Court for the Northern District of California: 3. 1981-10-07  [2021-09-06]. （原始内容存档于2021-11-12）.
↑ See
8 CFR 1003.2(c)(3)(vi) (about filing a "motion to reopen" Removal proceedings（英语：） with the Board of Immigration Appeals（英语：） "based on specific allegations, supported by evidence, that the respondent is a United States citizen or national");
22 CFR 51.1 ("U.S. non-citizen national means a person on whom U.S. nationality, but not U.S. citizenship, has been conferred at birth under 8 U.S.C. 1408, or under 判例法 or Refugee Act（英语：）, and who has not subsequently lost such non-citizen nationality.").
↑  Petersen, William; Novak, Michael; Gleason, Philip. . Harvard University Press. 1982: 62  [2013-02-01]. ISBN 9780674157262. （原始内容存档于2021-03-14）. ...from Thomas Paine's plea in 1783...to Henry Clay's remark in 1815... "It is hard for us to believe ... how conscious these early Americans were of the job of developing American character out of the regional and generational polaritities and contradictions of a nation of immigrants and migrants." ... To be or to become an American, a person did not have to be of any particular national, linguistic, religious, or ethnic background. All he had to do was to commit himself to the political ideology centered on the abstract ideals of liberty, equality, and republicanism. Thus the universalist ideological character of American nationality meant that it was open to anyone who willed to become an American.
↑  . Federal Election Commission. 2017-06-23  [2021-02-18]. （原始内容存档于2020-08-21）.
↑
. Fourth Circuit: 341. 2007-09-26  [2021-09-06]. （原始内容存档于2021-08-30）. The INA defines 'national of the United States' as '(A) a citizen of the United States, or (B) a person who, though not a citizen of the United States, owes permanent allegiance to the United States.'
. U.S. District Court for the Western District of Texas: 779 n.3. 2009-02-25  [2021-09-06]. （原始内容存档于2021-08-30）. The [INA] defines naturalization as 'conferring of nationality of a state upon a person after birth, by any means whatsoever.'
↑  . definitions.uslegal.com.   [2021-09-06]. （原始内容存档于2012-10-25）.
↑  Christine Barbour; Gerald C Wright. . CQ Press. 2013-01-15: 31–33  [2015-01-06]. ISBN 978-1-4522-4003-9. （原始内容存档于2016-04-24）. Who Is An American? Native-born and naturalized citizens 
Shklar, Judith N. . The Tanner Lectures on Human Values. Harvard University Press. 1991: 3–4  [2012-12-17]. ISBN 9780674022164. （原始内容存档于2016-06-03）. 
Slotkin, Richard. . American Literary History (Oxford University Press). 2001, 13 (3): 469–498  [2012-12-17]. S2CID 143996198. doi:10.1093/alh/13.3.469. （原始内容存档于2019-11-08）. But it also expresses a myth of American nationality that remains vital in our political and cultural life: the idealized self-image of a multiethnic, multiracial democracy, hospitable to differences but united by a common sense of national belonging. 
Eder, Klaus; Giesen, Bernhard. . Oxford University Press. 2001: 25–26  [2013-02-01]. ISBN 9780199241200. （原始内容存档于2021-01-20）. In inter-state relations, the American nation state presents its members as a monistic political body-despite ethnic and national groups in the interior. 
Petersen, William; Novak, Michael; Gleason, Philip. . Harvard University Press. 1982: 62  [2013-02-01]. ISBN 9780674157262. （原始内容存档于2021-03-14）. To be or to become an American, a person did not have to be of any particular national, linguistic, religious, or ethnic background. All he had to do was to commit himself to the political ideology centered on the abstract ideals of liberty, equality, and republicanism. Thus the universalist ideological character of American nationality meant that it was open to anyone who willed to become an American. 
Charles Hirschman; Philip Kasinitz; Josh Dewind. . Russell Sage Foundation. 1999-11-04: 300. ISBN 978-1-61044-289-3. 
David Halle. . University of Chicago Press. 1987-07-15: 233  [2021-09-06]. ISBN 978-0-226-31366-5. （原始内容存档于2016-12-20）. The first, and central, way involves the view that Americans are all those persons born within the boundaries of the United States or admitted to citizenship by the government.
↑  Lifshey, Adam. . University of Michigan Press. 2015: 119  [2021-09-08]. ISBN 978-0-472-05293-6. （原始内容存档于2020-07-25）. the status of Filipinos in the Philippines as American nationals existed from 1900 to 1946 
Rick Baldoz. . NYU Press. 2011-02-28: 174  [2021-09-08]. ISBN 978-0-8147-9109-7. （原始内容存档于2020-07-25）. Recalling earlier debates surrounding Filipinos' naturalization status in the United States, he pointed out that U.S. courts had definitively recognized that Filipinos were American "nationals" and not "aliens." 
. Foreign Affairs Manual. United States Department of State. 2020-05-15  [2020-06-09]. （原始内容存档于2018-07-19）.
↑  U.S. Census Bureau. Foreign-Born Population Frequently asked Questions （页面存档备份，存于） viewed January 19, 2015. The U.S. Census Bureau uses the terms native and native born to refer to anyone born in Puerto Rico, American Samoa, Guam, the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands, or the U.S. Virgin Islands.
↑  Holloway, Joseph E. (2005). Africanisms in American Culture, 2d ed. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, pp. 18–38. ISBN 0-253-34479-4. Johnson, Fern L. (1999). Speaking Culturally: Language Diversity in the United States. Thousand Oaks, California, London, and New Delhi: Sage, p. 116. ISBN 0-8039-5912-5.
↑  Adams, J.Q., and Pearlie Strother-Adams (2001). Dealing with Diversity. Chicago: Kendall/Hunt. ISBN 0-7872-8145-X.
1 2 3  Karen R. Humes; Nicholas A. Jones; Roberto R. Ramirez.  (PDF). United States Census Bureau. March 2011  [September 20, 2021]. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2021-08-13）.
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↑  . NBC News. Associated Press. 2005-08-18  [2009-12-07]. （原始内容存档于2013-12-31）.
↑  Bernstein, Robert. . United States Census Bureau. United States Department of Commerce. 2012-05-17  [2012-12-16]. （原始内容存档于2012-05-18）.
↑  . Library of Congress.   [2009-03-27]. （原始内容存档于2018-10-10）.
↑  D. H. Figueredo. . Greenwood Publishing Group. 2007: 35  [2021-09-18]. ISBN 978-0-313-34154-0. （原始内容存档于2020-08-11）.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11  . U.S. Census Bureau.   [2018-11-20]. （原始内容存档于2020-02-14）.
↑  Ethnic Landscapes of America （页面存档备份，存于） - By John A. Cross
↑  Census and you: monthly news from the U.S. Bureau... Volume 28, Issue 2 （页面存档备份，存于） - By United States. Bureau of the Census
↑  Sharing the Dream: White Males in a Multicultural America （页面存档备份，存于） By Dominic J. Pulera.
↑  Reynolds Farley, 'The New Census Question about Ancestry: What Did It Tell Us?', Demography, Vol. 28, No. 3 (August 1991), pp. 414, 421.
↑  Stanley Lieberson and Lawrence Santi, 'The Use of Nativity Data to Estimate Ethnic Characteristics and Patterns', Social Science Research, Vol. 14, No. 1 (1985), pp. 44-6.
↑  Stanley Lieberson and Mary C. Waters, 'Ethnic Groups in Flux: The Changing Ethnic Responses of American Whites', Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, Vol. 487, No. 79 (September 1986), pp. 82-86.
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↑  .   [2006-12-17]. （原始内容存档于2006-09-29）.
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↑  "History Crash Course #55: Jews and the Founding of America" （页面存档备份，存于） Spiro, Rabbi Ken. Aish.com. Published December 8, 2001.  Accessed December 12, 2015. "The first Jews arrived in America with Columbus in 1492, and we also know that Jews newly-converted to Christianity were among the first Spaniards to arrive in Mexico with Conquistador Hernando Cortez in 1519."
↑  "Arab Americans: An Integral Part of American Society" （页面存档备份，存于） Arab American National Museum.  Published 2009.  Accessed December 12, 2015. "Zammouri, the first Arab American...traveled over 6,000 miles between 1528 and 1536, trekking across the American Southwest."
↑  "The American Jewish Experience through the Nineteenth Century: Immigration and Acculturation" （页面存档备份，存于） Golden, Jonathan, and Jonathan D. Sarna. National Humanities Center. Brandeis University. Accessed December 12, 2015.
↑  Netanyahu, Benzion.The Origins of the Inquisition in Fifteenth Century Spain. New York: Random House, 1995. Hardcover. 1390 pages. p. 1085.
↑  "Conversos & Crypto-Jews" 的存檔，存档日期December 22, 2015，. City of Albuquerque.  Accessed December 12, 2015.
↑  "Timeline in American Jewish History" （页面存档备份，存于） American Jewish Archives. Accessed December 12, 2015.
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↑
↑  Humes, Karen R.; Jones, Nicholas A.; Ramirez, Roberto R.  (PDF). U.S. Census Bureau.   [2011-03-28]. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2011-04-29）. "Hispanic or Latino" refers to a person of Cuban, Mexican, Puerto Rican, South or Central American, or other Spanish culture or origin regardless of race.
↑  Sharon R. Ennis; Merarys Ríos-Vargas; Nora G. Albert.  (PDF). United States Census Bureau. United States Department of Commerce. May 2011  [2012-09-09]. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2018-01-27）.
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