依巴谷
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↑  C. M. Linton. . Cambridge University Press. 2004: 52. ISBN 978-0-521-82750-8.
↑  G J Toomer's chapter "Ptolemy and his Greek Predecessors" in "Astronomy before the Telescope", British Museum Press, 1996, p. 81.
↑  Stephen C. McCluskey. . Cambridge University Press. 2000: 22  [2021-01-19]. ISBN 978-0-521-77852-7. （原始内容存档于2020-08-03）.
↑  Jones, Alexander Raymond. . Encyclopedia Britannica, Inc. 2017  [2017-08-25]. （原始内容存档于2017-08-06）.
↑  欧洲人眼中的科学 （页面存档备份，存于）第二段
↑  . douban.com.   [2013-03-22]. （原始内容存档于2020-06-12）.
↑  . 中华人民共和国工业和信息化部. 2010-09-29  [2013-03-22]. （原始内容存档于2015-07-24）.
↑  Swerdlow, N. M., , Journal for the History of Astronomy, August 1992, 23 (3): 173–183, Bibcode:1992JHA....23..173S, S2CID 116612700, doi:10.1177/002182869202300303
↑  Gerd Grasshoff: The history of Ptolemy's star catalogue, Springer, New York, 1990, ISBN 3-540-97181-5 (Analyse des im "Almagest" überlieferten Sternenkatalogs)
↑   (PDF).   [2012-08-06]. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2012-06-05）.
↑  "The Measurement Method of the Almagest Stars" （页面存档备份，存于）, by Dennis Duke （页面存档备份，存于）, DIO: the International Journal of Scientific History,12 (2002).
↑  Benson Bobrick, The Fated Sky, Simon & Schuster, 2005, p 151
1 2  Ptolemy, , 由Toomer, G. J.翻译, Princeton University Press: 16, 341–399, 1998, ISBN 0-691-00260-6, The magnitudes range (according to a system which certainly precedes Ptolemy, but is only conjecturally attributed to Hipparchus) from 1 to 6.  Quote by Toomer, not Ptolemy.
↑  Pogson, N. R. . MNRAS. 1856, 17: 12  [2021-01-05]. Bibcode:1856MNRAS..17...12P. doi:10.1093/mnras/17.1.12 . （原始内容存档于2007-07-03）.
↑  Alexander Jones "Ptolemy in Perspective: Use and Criticism of his Work from Antiquity to the Nineteenth Century, Springer, 2010, p.36.
↑  Editions of fragments: Berger H. Die geographischen Fragmente des Hipparch. Leipzig: B. G. Teubner, 1869.; Dicks D.R. The Geographical Fragments of Hipparchus. London: Athlon Press, 1960.
↑  On Hipparchus's geography see: Berger H. Die geographischen Fragmente des Hipparch. Leipzig: B. G. Teubner, 1869.; Dicks D.R. The Geographical Fragments of Hipparchus. London: Athlon Press, 1960; Neugebauer O. A History of Ancient Mathematical Astronomy. Pt. 1–3. Berlin, Heidelberg, New York: Springer Verlag, 1975: 332–338; Shcheglov D.A. Hipparchus’ "Table of Climata and Ptolemy’s Geography". Orbis Terrarum 9. 2003–2007: 159–192.
↑  Shcheglov D.A. "Hipparchus on the Latitude of Southern India". Greek, Roman, and Byzantine Studies 45. 2005: 359–380; idem. "Eratosthenes' Parallel of Rhodes and the History of the System of Climata （页面存档备份，存于）". Klio 88. 2006: 351–359.; idem. "Hipparchus’ Table of Climata and Ptolemy’s Geography". Orbis Terrarum 9. 2003–2007: 159–192.
↑  Diller A. (1934). "Geographical Latitudes in Eratosthenes, Hipparchus and Posidonius". Klio 27.3: 258–269; cf. Shcheglov D.A. "Hipparchus’ Table of Climata and Ptolemy’s Geography", 177–180.
↑  Shcheglov D.A. "Ptolemy’s Latitude of Thule and the Map Projection in the Pre-Ptolemaic Geography". Antike Naturwissenschaft und ihre Rezeption (AKAN) 17. 2007: 132–139.
↑  Swerdlow, N. M. . Journal for the History of Astronomy. 1992, 23 (3): 173–183. S2CID 116612700. doi:10.1177/002182869202300303.
↑  . El Paso Times (El Paso, Texas). 2004-10-17: 59  [2021-01-20]. （原始内容存档于2019-12-23） –Newspapers.com.