情绪
註釋

↑  Panksepp, Jaak.  [Reprint]. Oxford [u.a.]: Oxford Univ. Press. 2005: 9. ISBN 978-0195096736. Our emotional feelings reflect our ability to subjectively experience certain states of the nervous system. Although conscious feeling states are universally accepted as major distinguishing characteristics of human emotions, in animal research the issue of whether other organisms feel emotions is little more than a conceptual embarrassment
↑  Damasio AR. . Brain Research. Brain Research Reviews. May 1998, 26 (2–3): 83–86. PMID 9651488. S2CID 8504450. doi:10.1016/s0165-0173(97)00064-7.
↑  Ekman, Paul; Davidson, Richard J. . New York: Oxford University Press. 1994: 291–293. ISBN 978-0195089448. Emotional processing, but not emotions, can occur unconsciously.
↑  Schacter, Daniel L.; Gilbert, Daniel T.; Wegner, Daniel M.  2nd. New York: Worth Publishers. 2011: 310. ISBN 978-1429237192.
↑  Cabanac, Michel. . Behavioural Processes. 2002, 60 (2): 69–83. doi:10.1016/S0376-6357(02)00078-5. There is no consensus in the literature on a definition of emotion. The term is taken for granted in itself and, most often, emotion is defined with reference to a list: anger, disgust, fear, joy, sadness, and surprise. [...] I propose here that emotion is any mental experience with high intensity and high hedonic content (pleasure/displeasure).
↑  Lisa Feldman Barrett; Michael Lewis; Jeannette M. Haviland-Jones (编).  Fourth. New York. 2016. ISBN 978-1462525348. OCLC 950202673.
↑  Averill, James R. . Journal of Personality. February 1999, 67 (2): 331–371. ISSN 0022-3506. PMID 10202807. doi:10.1111/1467-6494.00058 （英语）.
↑  Cacioppo, John T.; Gardner, Wendi L. . Annual Review of Psychology. 1999, 50: 191–214. PMID 10074678. doi:10.1146/annurev.psych.50.1.191.
↑  Schacter, D.L., Gilbert, D.T., Wegner, D.M., & Hood, B.M. (2011). Psychology (European ed.). Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.
↑  Pinker, Steven, , New York: W. W. Norton & Company: 342, 1997
↑  Wilson TD, Dunn EW. . Annual Review of Psychology. February 2004, 55 (1): 493–518. PMID 14744224. S2CID 14379927. doi:10.1146/annurev.psych.55.090902.141954.
↑  Barrett LF, Mesquita B, Ochsner KN, Gross JJ. . Annual Review of Psychology. January 2007, 58 (1): 373–403. PMC 1934613 . PMID 17002554. doi:10.1146/annurev.psych.58.110405.085709.
↑  Scirst=Daniel L. . New York: Worth Publishers. 2011: 310. ISBN 978-1429237192.
↑  Gaulin, Steven J.C. and Donald H. McBurney (2003). Evolutionary Psychology. Prentice Hall. ISBN 978-0131115293, Chapter 6, pp. 121–42.
↑  Barrett LF, Russell JA. . Guilford Press. 2015. ISBN 978-1462516971.
↑  Thoits PA. . Annual Review of Sociology. 1989, 15: 317–42. doi:10.1146/annurev.soc.15.1.317.
1 2  Fox, Elaine. . New York: Palgrave MacMillan. 2008: 16-17. ISBN 0230005179.
1 2 3  Gaulin, Steven J. C. and Donald H. McBurney. Evolutionary Psychology. Prentice Hall. 2003. ISBN 978-0-13-111529-3, Chapter 6, p 121-142.
↑  Ekman, Paul. . Cognition & Emotion. 1992, 6: 169–200.
↑  Izard, C.E. . Psychological Review. 1993, 100: 68–90.
↑  Scherer, K.R. . Social Science Information. 2005, 44: 693–727.
↑  Mascolo, M. F., Fischer, K. W.,& Li, J. (2003). Dynamic development of component system of emotions: Pride，shame, and guilt in China and the United States. In R. J. Davidson, K. R. Scherer, & H. H. Goldsmith (Eds.), Handbook of affective sciences (pp. 375-408). New York: Oxford University Press.
↑  Schwarz, N.H. (1990). "Feelings as information: Informational and motivational functions of affective states". Handbook of motivation and cognition: Foundations of social behavior, 2, 527–561.[缺少ISBN]
↑  Solomon, R. L. (1980). The opponent-process theory of motivation: The costs of pleasure and the benefits of pain. American Psychologist, 35, 691-712.
↑  Izard, C. E. (1991). The psychology of emotions. New York: Plenum Press.
↑  Ekman, P., & Davidson, R. J. (Eds.). (1994). The nature of emotions: Fundamental questions (pp. 20-24). New York: Oxford University Press.
1 2  Handel, Steven. .   [30 April 2012]. （原始内容存档于2021-01-22）.
↑  Bernett, Stephanie; Geoffrey Bird; Jorge Moll; Chris Frith; Sarah-Jayne Blakemore. . Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience. September 2009, 21 (9)  [16 March 2012]. PMID 18823226. doi:10.1162/jocn.2009.21121. （原始内容存档于2020-07-23）.
↑  Plutchik , R. (2002). Nature of emotions. American Scientist,89, 349.
↑  Derek A. Denton. . Oxford University Press. 8 June 2006: 10. ISBN 978-0-19-920314-7.
↑  Craig, A.D. (Bud).  (PDF). Current Opinion in Neurobiology. 2003, 13 (4): 500–505  [2012-09-12]. PMID 12965300. doi:10.1016/S0959-4388(03)00090-4. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2019-05-04）.
1 2  Derek A. Denton. . Oxford University Press. 8 June 2006: 7. ISBN 978-0-19-920314-7.
↑  Craig, A.D. (Bud). . Lewis, M.; Haviland-Jones, J.M.; Feldman Barrett, L.  (编).  3. New York: The Guildford Press. 2008: 272–288  [6 September 2009]. ISBN 978-1-59385-650-2. （原始内容存档于2015-03-20）.
↑  . www.kepuchina.cn.   [2020-02-07]. （原始内容存档于2021-01-22）.
↑  . Sci-news.com.   [23 November 2017]. （原始内容存档于2020-01-25）.
↑  .   [2017-09-11]. （原始内容存档于2020-12-12）.
↑  Darwin, C. A. (1872). The expression of the emotions in man and animals. London: John Murray.
↑  Tooby, J., & Cosmides, L. (1990). The past explains the present: Emotional adaptations and the structure of ancestral environment. Ethology and Sociobiology, 11, 375-424.
↑  Wright, Robert. Moral animal.
↑  Keltner, D., & Haidt, J. (1999). Social functions of emotions at four levels of analysis. Cognitive and Emotions, 13, 505-521.
↑  See Philip Fisher (1999) Wonder, The Rainbow and the Aesthetics of Rare Experiences for an introduction
↑  Cacioppo, J. T. (1998). Somatic responses to psychological stress: The reactivity hypothesis.Advances in psychological science, Vol. 2, pp. 87-114). East Sussex, United Kingdom: Psychology Press
↑  Aziz-Zadeh L, Damasio A. (2008) Embodied semantics for actions: findings from functional brain imaging. J Physiol Paris. Jan-May;102(1-3):35-9
↑  LeDoux J.E. (1996) The Emotional Brain. New York: Simon & Schuster.
↑  McIntosh, D. N., Zajonc, R. B., Vig, P. S., & Emerick, S. W. (1997). Facial movement, breathing, temperature, and affect: Implications of the vascular theory of emotional efference. Cognition & Emotion, 11(2), 171-195.
1 2 3  James, William. 1884. "What Is an Emotion?" （页面存档备份，存于） Mind. 9, no. 34: 188-205.
↑  Laird, James, Feelings: the Perception of Self, Oxford University Press
↑  Cannon, W. B. (1927). The James-Lange theory of emotions: A critical examination and an alternative theory. The American Journal of Psychology, 39(1/4), 106-124.
↑  Levenson, R. W. (1994). The search for autonomic specificity. In P. Ekman & R. J. Davidson (Eds.), The nature of emotion: Fundamental questions (pp. 252-257). New York : Oxford University Press.
↑  Gray, J. A. (1994). Three fundamental emotion systems. In P. Ekman & R.J. Davidson (Eds.), The nature of emotion: Fundamental questions (pp.243-247). New York: Oxford University Press.
↑  Ekman, P., Levenson, R. W., & Friesen, W. V. (1983). Autonomic nervous system activity distinguishes between emotions. Science, 221, 1208-1210.
↑  Lövheim H. A new three-dimensional model for emotions and monoamine neurotransmitters. Med Hypotheses (2011), Epub ahead of print. doi:10.1016/j.mehy.2011.11.016 PMID 22153577
↑  Kringelbach, M.L.; O'Doherty, J.O.; Rolls, E.T.; & Andrews, C. (2003). Activation of the human orbitofrontal cortex to a liquid food stimulus is correlated with its subjective pleasantness. Cerebral Cortex, 13, 1064–1071.
↑  Drake, R.A. (1987). Effects of gaze manipulation on aesthetic judgments: Hemisphere priming of affect. Acta Psychologica, 65, 91–99.
↑  Merckelbach, H.; & van Oppen, P. (1989). Effects of gaze manipulation on subjective evaluation of neutral and phobia-relevant stimuli: A comment on Drake's (1987) 'Effects of gaze manipulation on aesthetic judgments: Hemisphere priming of affect.' Acta Psychologica, 70, 147–151.
↑  Harmon-Jones, E.; Vaughn-Scott, K.; Mohr, S.; Sigelman, J.; & Harmon-Jones, C. (2004). The effect of manipulated sympathy and anger on left and right frontal cortical activity. Emotion, 4, 95–101.
↑  Killgore, William D. S.; Yurgelun-Todd, Deborah A. . Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience. 2007-09-01, 2 (3): 240–250  [2019-03-24]. ISSN 1749-5024. PMC 2569811 . PMID 18985144. doi:10.1093/scan/nsm020. （原始内容存档于2021-01-22） （英语）.
↑  Shackman, Alexander J.; McMenamin, Brenton W.; Maxwell, Jeffrey S.; Greischar, Lawrence L.; Davidson, Richard J. . Psychological Science. 2009-12, 20 (12): 1500–1506. ISSN 0956-7976. doi:10.1111/j.1467-9280.2009.02476.x.
↑  . . The MIT Press. 2002. ISBN 9780262269674.
↑  Anderson, Adam K.; Phelps, Elizabeth A. . Nature. 2001-05, 411 (6835): 305–309. ISSN 0028-0836. doi:10.1038/35077083.
↑  Bechara, Antoine; Damasio, Antonio R.; Damasio, Hanna; Anderson, Steven W. . Cognition. 1994-04, 50 (1-3): 7–15  [2019-03-24]. doi:10.1016/0010-0277(94)90018-3. （原始内容存档于2021-03-08） （英语）.
↑  Lazarus, R. S. (1982). Thoughts on the relations between emotion and cognition. American Psychologist, 37, 1019-1024.
1 2  Lazarus, R. S. (1991). ‘’Emotion and adaptation.’’ New York: Oxford University Press.
↑  Medvec, Madey, & Gilovich, (1995).
↑  LeDoux，J. E. (1992). Brain mechanisms of emotion and emotional learning. ‘’Current Opinion in Neurobiology’’, 2, 191-198.
↑  Shaver， P., Schwartz， J., Kirson, D.,& O'Connor, C. (1987). Emotion knowledge: Further exploration of a prototype approach. Journal of personality and Social Psychology, 52， 1061-1086.
↑  Mascolo, M. F., Fischer, K. W., & Li,J. (2003). Dynamic development of component system of emotions: Pride, shame, and guilt in China and the United States. In R. J. Davidson, K. R. Scherer, & H. H. Goldsmith (Eds.), Handbook of affective sciences (pp. 375-408). New York: Oxford University Press.
↑  Shaver, P. R., Wu, S., & Schwartz, J. C. (1992). Cross-cultural similarities and differences in emotion and its representation: A prototype approach. In Clark, M. S. (Ed.), Review of Personality and Social Psychology, 13, pp. 231-251. Sage: Thousand Oaks.
↑  Saarni, C. (1997). Coping with aversive feelings. Motivation and Emotion, 21, 45-63.
↑  Smith, A. C., III, & Kleinman, S. (1989). Managing emotions in medical school: Students’ contacts with the living and the dead. Social Psychology Quarterly, 52, 56-69.
↑  Hochschild, A. R. (1983). The managed heart. Berkeley: University of California Press.
↑  郭, 貞. . 新北市: 新聞傳播叢書. 2016: 541.
↑  . std.stheadline.com.   [2019-03-23]. （原始内容存档于2019-05-02） （英语）.
1 2  Miyamoto, Yuri; Ma, Xiaoming. . Emotion. 2011-12, 11 (6): 1346–1357. ISSN 1931-1516. doi:10.1037/a0025135.
↑  Tsai, Jeanne L.; Miao, Felicity F.; Seppala, Emma; Fung, Helene H.; Yeung, Dannii Y. . Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 2007, 92 (6): 1102–1117. ISSN 1939-1315. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.92.6.1102.
↑  Anderson, Jeremy C.; Linden, Wolfgang; Habra, Martine E. . Journal of Behavioral Medicine. 2006-07-15, 29 (4): 347–358. ISSN 0160-7715. doi:10.1007/s10865-006-9062-7.