薩曼王朝
參考文獻

↑  "Persian Prose Literature." World Eras. 2002. HighBeam Research. (September 3, 2012);"Princes, although they were often tutored in Arabic and religious subjects, frequently did not feel as comfortable with the Arabic language and preferred literature in Persian, which was either their mother tongue—as in the case of dynasties such as the Saffarids (861–1003), Samanids (873–1005), and Buyids (945–1055)...".
↑  Elton L. Daniel, History of Iran, (Greenwood Press, 2001), 74.
1 2  Frye 1975，第146頁.
1 2  Paul Bergne. . I.B.Tauris. 15 June 2007: 6–. ISBN 978-1-84511-283-7.
↑  Frye 1975，第145頁.
↑  Turchin, Peter; Adams, Jonathan M.; Hall, Thomas D. . Journal of World-Systems Research. December 2006, 12 (2): 222  [12 September 2016]. ISSN 1076-156X. （原始内容存档于2019-05-20）.
↑  Taagepera, Rein. . International Studies Quarterly. 1997, 41 (3): 475–504  [2020-12-27]. JSTOR 2600793. doi:10.1111/0020-8833.00053. （原始内容存档于2018-08-17）.
↑  Frye 1975，第151頁.
↑  Frye 1975，第164頁.
↑  Taagepera, Rein. . International Studies Quarterly. 1997-01-01, 41 (3): 475–504  [2020-01-07]. JSTOR 2600793. doi:10.1111/0020-8833.00053. （原始内容存档于2018-08-17）.
↑  Canfield L., Robert. . Cambridge University Press. 2002: 12. ISBN 9780521522915.
1 2 3 4  The History of Iran by Elton L. Daniel, pg. 74
↑  Frye 1975，第145-146頁.
↑  .   [2021-08-05]. （原始内容存档于2017-08-22）.
1 2  Frye, Richard N. . Cambridge University Press. : 136.
1 2 3 4  Frye 1975，第136頁.
↑  Gibb 1986，第685頁. sfn error: no target: CITEREFGibb1986 (help)
1 2 3  Frye 1975，第137頁.
1 2 3 4  Frye 1975，第138頁.
↑  Renee Grousset, The Empire of the Steppes:A History of Central Asia, Transl. Naomi Walford, (Rutgers University Press, 1991), 142.
↑  "Samanids", C. E. Bosworth, The Encyclopedia of Islam, Vol. VIII, Ed. C. E. Bosworth, E. van Donzel, W.P. Heinrichs and G. Lecomte, (E.J. Brill, 1995), 1026.
1 2  Frye 1975，第140頁.
↑  Bosworth 1968，第35頁.
↑  Bosworth, C. Edmund. . Encyclopædia Iranica. 15 December 1998  [24 January 2015]. （原始内容存档于2020-11-18）.
1 2  Frye 1975，第141頁.
1 2  Nazim (1987), p. 164
↑  Madelung (1975), pp. 211–212
↑  Madelung (1975), p. 212
↑  A new text on Ismailism at the Samanid court, Patricia Crone and Luke Treadwell, Texts, documents, and artefacts:Islamic Studies in Honour of D.S. Richards, ed. Chase F. Robinson, (Brill, 2003), 46.
1 2  Bosworth 2011，第63頁.
↑  Frye 1975，第149–151頁.
↑  Bosworth 1984. sfn error: no target: CITEREFBosworth1984 (help)
↑  He dispossessed an indigenous family who had ruled in Ghazni, the Lawiks (?), and following him a series of slave commanders, ruled there as nominal vassals of the Samanids; they struck coins but placed the names of the Samanids on them
↑  Gardīzī, ed. Ḥabībī, pp. 161–62; Jūzjānī, Ṭabaqāt, I, pp. 226–27; Neẓām-al-Molk, pp. 142–58; Šabānkāraʾī, pp. 29–34; Bosworth, 1965, pp. 16–21
↑  Flury, pp. 62–63
↑  "GHAZNAVIDS" （页面存档备份，存于）Encyclopædia Iranica. Retrieved 17 August 2014
↑  Sinor, Denis (编), , Cambridge University Press, 1990, ISBN 9780521243049
↑  Davidovich, E. A., , Asimov, M.S.; Bosworth, C.E.  (编), , 4 part I, UNESCO Publishing: 119–144, 1998, ISBN 978-92-3-103467-1
↑  Peacock, A. C. S.; Tor, D. G. . Bloomsbury Publishing. 2017-08-30: xix. ISBN 9780857727435 （英语）.
1 2 3  Frye 1975，第143頁.
↑  Shahbazi 2005. sfn error: no target: CITEREFShahbazi2005 (help)
↑  "Mihragan", J. Calmard, The Encyclopedia of Islam, Vol.VII, Ed. C. E.Bosworth, E. van Donzel, W. P. Heinrichs and C. Pellat, (Brill, 1993), 18.
↑  C.E. Bosworth, The Ghaznavids: 994–1040, (Edinburgh University Press, 1963), 131.
↑  An Ismaili Heresiography: The "Bab Al-Shaytan" from Abu Tammam's Kitab Al ... By Wilferd Madelung, Paul Ernest Walker, pg. 5
↑  Michael Dillon, Xinjiang: China's Muslim far Northwest, (RoutledgeCurzon, 2004), 11.
↑  Marietta Stepaniants,Philosophy East and West, Vol. 52, No. 2 (Apr., 2002), pp. 166
1 2  T.W. Arnold, The Preaching of Islam: A History of the Propagation of the Muslim Faith, (Archibald Constable & Co, 1896), pp. 179-180 and  （页面存档备份，存于） on pp 161
↑  The Wiley Blackwell Companion to Zoroastrianism, eds. M. Stausberg & Y. S.-D. Vevaina, 2015, pp. 112
↑  History of Bukhara, By Narshakhi trans. Richard N. Frye, pg. 143
1 2 3 4 5  Litvinsky 1998，第97頁. sfn error: no target: CITEREFLitvinsky1998 (help)
1 2 3 4 5  Litvinsky 1998，第98頁. sfn error: no target: CITEREFLitvinsky1998 (help)
↑  Litvinsky 1998，第101頁. sfn error: no target: CITEREFLitvinsky1998 (help)
↑  Kirill Nourzhanov; Christian Bleuer. . ANU E Press. 8 October 2013: 30–  [2020-12-27]. ISBN 978-1-925021-16-5. （原始内容存档于2021-05-12）.
↑  Paul Bergne. . I.B.Tauris. 15 June 2007: 5–  [2020-12-27]. ISBN 978-1-84511-283-7. （原始内容存档于2019-12-10）.
↑  Litvinsky 1998，第93頁. sfn error: no target: CITEREFLitvinsky1998 (help)
↑  .   [2020-12-27]. （原始内容存档于2021-05-12）.
↑  Litvinsky 1998，第94頁. sfn error: no target: CITEREFLitvinsky1998 (help)
↑  Grube, Ernst J. . The Metropolitan Museum of Art Bulletin. February 1965, 23 (6): 209–228. ISSN 0026-1521. JSTOR 3258167. doi:10.2307/3258167.
↑  Pancaroglu, Oya. "Serving wisdom: The contents of Samanid epigraphic pottery." Studies in Islamic and Later Indian Art from the Arthur M. Sackler Museum, Harvard University Art Museum (2002): 58-68.
↑  The modern Uzbeks: from the fourteenth century to the present : a cultural history, by Edward Allworth, pg. 19
↑  The book of government, or, Rules for kings: the Siyar al-Muluk, or, Siyasat-nama of Nizam al-Mulk, Niẓām al-Mulk, Hubert Darke, pg. 14