埃及第三十四王朝
皇帝—法老列表

| 肖像 | 皇帝 | 法老王名 | 法老王名 | 法老王名 | 法老王名 | 备注 |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | 奥古斯都 Augustus r. 30BC-14 | 荷鲁斯名：  ṯmꜢ-Ꜥ wr-pḥtj ḥwnw-bnr-mrwt ḥqꜢ-ḥqꜢw stp-n-Ptḥ-Nnw-jt-nṯrw  ṯmꜢ-Ꜥ wr-pḥtj ḥwnw-bnr-mrwt	 | 普列诺门名：  ḥqꜢ-ḥqꜢw stp-n-Ptḥ  ḥqꜢ-ḥqꜢw stp-n-Ptḥ mrj-Ꜣst  Autokrator	 | 诺门名：  Kaisaros, Ep. nt.f mḥ  Kaisaros, Ep. pꜢ nṯr  Kaisaros, Ep. Ꜥnḫ-ḏt mrj-Ptḥ-Ꜣst  Kaisaros, Ep. Ꜥnḫ-ḏt mrj-Ptḥ-Ꜣst | 诺门名：  Kaisaros, Ep. nt.f mḥ  Kaisaros, Ep. pꜢ nṯr  Kaisaros, Ep. Ꜥnḫ-ḏt mrj-Ptḥ-Ꜣst  Kaisaros, Ep. Ꜥnḫ-ḏt mrj-Ptḥ-Ꜣst | 第一位罗马皇帝和第一位控制埃及的罗马统治者。 |  |
|  | 提比略 Tiberius r. 14-37 | 荷鲁斯名：  ṯmꜢ-Ꜥ wr-pḥtj ḥwnw-bnr-mrwt ḥqꜢ-ḥqꜢw stp-n-Ptḥ-Nnw-jt-nṯrw  ṯmꜢ-Ꜥ wr-pḥtj ḥwnw-bnr-mrwt	 | 荷鲁斯名：  ṯmꜢ-Ꜥ wr-pḥtj ḥwnw-bnr-mrwt ḥqꜢ-ḥqꜢw stp-n-Ptḥ-Nnw-jt-nṯrw  ṯmꜢ-Ꜥ wr-pḥtj ḥwnw-bnr-mrwt	 | 诺门名：  Kaisaros, Ep. nt.f mḥ  Kaisaros, Ep. pꜢ nṯr  Kaisaros, Ep. Ꜥnḫ-ḏt mrj-Ptḥ-Ꜣst  Kaisaros, Ep. Ꜥnḫ-ḏt mrj-Ptḥ-Ꜣst | 诺门名：  Kaisaros, Ep. nt.f mḥ  Kaisaros, Ep. pꜢ nṯr  Kaisaros, Ep. Ꜥnḫ-ḏt mrj-Ptḥ-Ꜣst  Kaisaros, Ep. Ꜥnḫ-ḏt mrj-Ptḥ-Ꜣst | Left little impression on Egypt |  |
|  | 卡利古拉 r. 37–41 | 荷鲁斯名：  kꜢ-nḫt jꜢḫ-stwt-RꜤ-JꜤḥ | 荷鲁斯名：  kꜢ-nḫt jꜢḫ-stwt-RꜤ-JꜤḥ | 普列诺门名：  Autokrator, Ep. ḥqꜢ-ḥqꜢw mrj-Ptḥ-Ꜣst | 诺门名：  Kaisaros Germanikos, Ep. Ꜥnḫ-ḏt | Left little impression on Egypt; lifted the ban on Egyptian cults in Rome instituted by Augustus |  |
|  | 克勞狄烏斯 r. 41–54 | 荷鲁斯名：  kꜢ-nḫt ḏd-jꜢḫ-Šw-(m)-Ꜣḫt  kꜢ-nḫt wḥm-ḫꜤw | 荷鲁斯名：  kꜢ-nḫt ḏd-jꜢḫ-Šw-(m)-Ꜣḫt  kꜢ-nḫt wḥm-ḫꜤw | 普列诺门名：  Autokrator, Ep. ḥqꜢ-ḥqꜢw mrj-Ꜣst-Ptḥ  Kaisaros Germanikos  Kaisaros Sebastos Germanikos Autokrator | 诺门名：  Tiberios Klaudios  Tiberios Klaudios Kaisaros ntj ḫw | Left little impression on Egypt; rebuked requests from Alexandria to gain its own self-governing senate |  |
|  | 尼禄 r. 54–68 | 荷鲁斯名：  ṯmꜢ-Ꜥ ẖwj-ḫꜢswt wr-nḫw-BꜢqt ḥqꜢ-ḥqꜢw stp-n-Nnw-Mrwr  ṯmꜢ-Ꜥ ẖwj-ḫꜢswt | 荷鲁斯名：  ṯmꜢ-Ꜥ ẖwj-ḫꜢswt wr-nḫw-BꜢqt ḥqꜢ-ḥqꜢw stp-n-Nnw-Mrwr  ṯmꜢ-Ꜥ ẖwj-ḫꜢswt | 普列诺门名：  ḥqꜢ-ḥqꜢw stp-n-Ptḥ mrj-Ꜣst  Kaisaros Germanikos | 诺门名：  Neron  Neron Klaudios, Ep. ḫw  Autokrator Neron  Neron Klaudios Kaisaros ntj ḫw | Sent a small group of praetorian guards to explore along the Nile river south of Egypt, perhaps intended as a scouting mission for a later conquests in the region |  |
|  | 加爾巴 r. 68–69 | 诺门名：  Serouios Galbas Autokrator | 诺门名：  Serouios Galbas Autokrator | 诺门名：  Serouios Galbas Autokrator | 诺门名：  Serouios Galbas Autokrator | Left little impression on Egypt |  |
|  | 奥托 r. 69 | 诺门名：  Markos Othon | 诺门名：  Markos Othon | 诺门名：  Markos Othon | 诺门名：  Markos Othon | Left little impression on Egypt |  |
没有維特里烏斯统治埃及的记录。
|  | 韦斯巴芗 r. 69–79 | 诺门名：  Ouespasianos  Ouespasianos ntj ḫw | 诺门名：  Ouespasianos  Ouespasianos ntj ḫw | 诺门名：  Ouespasianos  Ouespasianos ntj ḫw | 诺门名：  Ouespasianos  Ouespasianos ntj ḫw | First emperor to visit Egypt since Augustus; received a traditional pharaonic coronation |  |
|  | 提图斯 r. 79–81 | 荷鲁斯名：  ḥwnw-nfr bnr-mrwt | 荷鲁斯名：  ḥwnw-nfr bnr-mrwt | 普列诺门名：  Titos  Autokrator Titos Kaisaros | 诺门名：  Ouespasianos | Left little impression on Egypt |  |
|  | 图密善 r. 81–96 | 荷鲁斯名：  ḥwnw-nḫt jṯj-m-sḫm.f. | 金荷魯斯名：  wsr-rnpwt ꜤꜢ-nḫtw | 普列诺门名：  Ḥr-zꜢ-Ꜣst mrj-nṯrw-nb(w) | 诺门名：  Domitianos  Domitianos ntj ḫw  Domitianos Sebastos Kaisaros | Introduced Egyptian deities on coins minted in Alexandria and founded temples dedicated to deities such as Isis and Serapis in Italy. Using the trappings of being pharaoh, he also sought to add further legitimacy to imperial rule. |  |
|  | 涅尔瓦 r. 96–98 | 诺门名：  Nerouas ntj ḫw | 诺门名：  Nerouas ntj ḫw | 诺门名：  Nerouas ntj ḫw | 诺门名：  Nerouas ntj ḫw | Left little impression on Egypt |  |
|  | 图拉真 r. 98–117 | 普列诺门名：  Autokrator Kaisaros Nerouas  Germanikos Dakikos, Ep. Ꜥnḫ-ḏt | 普列诺门名：  Autokrator Kaisaros Nerouas  Germanikos Dakikos, Ep. Ꜥnḫ-ḏt | 诺门名：  Nerouas Traianos  Nerouas Traianos, Ep.  Ꜥnḫ-ḏt mrj-Ꜣst  Traianos ntj ḫw  Traianos ntj ḫw + Aristos Germanikos Dakikos | 诺门名：  Nerouas Traianos  Nerouas Traianos, Ep.  Ꜥnḫ-ḏt mrj-Ꜣst  Traianos ntj ḫw  Traianos ntj ḫw + Aristos Germanikos Dakikos | Egyptian sources from Trajan's time associate empress Pompeia Plotina with the goddess Hathor, the first known direct association between the imperial family (other than the emperor) and Egyptian deities |  |
|  | 哈德良 r. 117–138 | 诺门名：  Traianos Adrianos, Ep. Ꜥnḫ-ḏt mrj-Ꜣst  Adrianos ntj ḫw  Hadrianus Caesar | 诺门名：  Traianos Adrianos, Ep. Ꜥnḫ-ḏt mrj-Ꜣst  Adrianos ntj ḫw  Hadrianus Caesar | 诺门名：  Traianos Adrianos, Ep. Ꜥnḫ-ḏt mrj-Ꜣst  Adrianos ntj ḫw  Hadrianus Caesar | 诺门名：  Traianos Adrianos, Ep. Ꜥnḫ-ḏt mrj-Ꜣst  Adrianos ntj ḫw  Hadrianus Caesar | Paid a 8/10-month long state visit to Egypt in 130–131, visiting many sites of note and founding Antinoöpolis. Hadrian's cult of Antinous was influenced by Egyptian theology. Ruled during a period of Roman Egyptomania. |  |
|  | 安敦尼 r. 138–161 | 荷鲁斯名：  nfr-n(?)-tꜢ-nṯr ḥn-n-f-ŠmꜤw-Mḥw-m-nḏm-jb | 荷鲁斯名：  nfr-n(?)-tꜢ-nṯr ḥn-n-f-ŠmꜤw-Mḥw-m-nḏm-jb | 普列诺门名：  Autokrator Kaisaros Titos Ailios Adrianos | 诺门名：  Antoninos ntj ḫw + Eusebes  Antoninos Sebastos Eusebes ntj ḫw  Antoninos ntj ḫw Ꜥnḫ-ḏt  Antoninos ntj ḫw, Ep. šꜢj-n-BꜢqt | Celebrated in Ancient Egypt due to overseeing the completion of a Sothic cycle in 139. His long reign saw the last significant temple constructions in Egypt. Visited Alexandria in the 150s to sponsor various new buildings. |  |
|  | 盧基烏斯·維魯斯  r. 161–169 |  Loukio(s) Aurelio(s), Ep. wr-ꜤꜢ Ꜥnḫ-ḏt |  Loukio(s) Aurelio(s), Ep. wr-ꜤꜢ Ꜥnḫ-ḏt |  Loukio(s) Aurelio(s), Ep. wr-ꜤꜢ Ꜥnḫ-ḏt |  Loukio(s) Aurelio(s), Ep. wr-ꜤꜢ Ꜥnḫ-ḏt | Joint emperor with Marcus Aurelius |  |
|  | 馬可·奧理略 r. 161–180 |  Aurelios Antoninos ntj ḫw  Autokrator Kaisaros Mark(os) Aurelio(s) Antonin(os)  Aure(li)os, Ep. Ꜥnḫ-ḏt + Antonin(os), Ep. Ꜥnḫ-ḏt  [Markos] Aurelio(s) Antoninos Sebastos |  Aurelios Antoninos ntj ḫw  Autokrator Kaisaros Mark(os) Aurelio(s) Antonin(os)  Aure(li)os, Ep. Ꜥnḫ-ḏt + Antonin(os), Ep. Ꜥnḫ-ḏt  [Markos] Aurelio(s) Antoninos Sebastos |  Aurelios Antoninos ntj ḫw  Autokrator Kaisaros Mark(os) Aurelio(s) Antonin(os)  Aure(li)os, Ep. Ꜥnḫ-ḏt + Antonin(os), Ep. Ꜥnḫ-ḏt  [Markos] Aurelio(s) Antoninos Sebastos |  Aurelios Antoninos ntj ḫw  Autokrator Kaisaros Mark(os) Aurelio(s) Antonin(os)  Aure(li)os, Ep. Ꜥnḫ-ḏt + Antonin(os), Ep. Ꜥnḫ-ḏt  [Markos] Aurelio(s) Antoninos Sebastos | Faced with a native Egyptian revolt led by Isidorus in 171–175 and the revolt of the Egypt-supported usurper Avidius Cassius 175. Toured Egypt in 176, the province at the time badly affected by the Antonine Plague. Replaced Demotic with Greek for official use in Egypt. |  |
|  | 康茂德 r. 180–192 |  Markos Au(re)lios Komodos Antoninos  Komodos Kaisaros(?)  Komodos Antoninos ntj ḫw |  Markos Au(re)lios Komodos Antoninos  Komodos Kaisaros(?)  Komodos Antoninos ntj ḫw |  Markos Au(re)lios Komodos Antoninos  Komodos Kaisaros(?)  Komodos Antoninos ntj ḫw |  Markos Au(re)lios Komodos Antoninos  Komodos Kaisaros(?)  Komodos Antoninos ntj ḫw | Last emperor to be widely attested as pharaonic patron in Egyptian temples. Subsequent decline of representations of emperors is probably attributable to decreased resources available to the clergy and temples rather than a change in imperial attitude and policy. |  |
五帝之年(193年)中的两位皇帝没有法老头衔的记录。 佩蒂纳克斯在埃及被短暂地认可，而尤利安努斯在埃及根本不被承认。篡位者佩斯切尼乌斯·奈哲尔是埃及公认的佩蒂纳克斯的继承人，但也没有法老头衔。
|  | 塞普蒂米乌斯·塞维鲁 r. 193–211 |  Seouēros ntj ḫw |  Seouēros ntj ḫw |  Seouēros ntj ḫw |  Seouēros ntj ḫw | Toured Egypt together with the imperial family in 199–200. Repaired old buildings and established senates in Alexandria and elsewhere. Religious division and controversy led to the first large-scale persecution of Christians in Egypt in 201. |  |
|  | 盖塔 r. 211 |  Geta(s) ntj ḫw |  Geta(s) ntj ḫw |  Geta(s) ntj ḫw |  Geta(s) ntj ḫw | Briefly joint emperor with Caracalla |  |
|  | 卡拉卡拉 r. 211–217 |  Antoninos ntj ḫw |  Antoninos ntj ḫw |  Antoninos ntj ḫw |  Antoninos ntj ḫw | Extended Roman citizenship to all inhabitants of the Roman Empire through the 212 Antonine Constitution; his name Aurelius was then common, particularly in Egypt. |  |
|  | 马克里努斯 r. 217–218 |  Makrino(s) n(tj) ḫw |  Makrino(s) n(tj) ḫw |  Makrino(s) n(tj) ḫw |  Makrino(s) n(tj) ḫw | Broke long-standing convention and sent a prefect and a senator to govern Egypt, though both were deposed and the senator killed after Macrinus's death |  |
|  | 迪亚杜门尼安 r. 218 |  Diadoumenianos |  Diadoumenianos |  Diadoumenianos |  Diadoumenianos | Junior joint emperor with Macrinus |  |
埃拉伽巴路斯接替马克里努斯和迪亚杜门尼安，在任何已知的埃及资料中都没有提到。他的继任者亚历山大·塞维鲁在埃及得到承认，但没有法老头衔。短暂统治的皇帝馬克西米努斯·色雷克斯、戈尔迪安一世、戈尔迪安二世、普皮恩努斯、巴尔比努斯和戈爾迪安三世在现存的埃及文献中没有记录。
|  | 菲利普 r. 244–249 |  Philippos ntj ḫw |  Philippos ntj ḫw |  Philippos ntj ḫw |  Philippos ntj ḫw | Due to decades of mismanagement and civil strife Egypt had fallen into poverty by the time of Philip's reign. Last pharaoh to be commemorated at the great temple at Esna. |  |
|  | 德西乌斯 r. 249–251 |  Dekios ntj ḫw |  Dekios ntj ḫw |  Dekios ntj ḫw |  Dekios ntj ḫw | Oversaw the Decian persecution of Christians. His reign saw southern Egypt being raided by the Blemmyes, the first time southern Egypt was attacked since the time of Augustus. |  |
官方文件和亚历山大铸币证明，皇帝加卢斯和埃米利安努斯在埃及得到承认。但他们都没有法老头衔。
|  | 瓦勒良 r. 253–260 |  Oualerianos |  Oualerianos |  Oualerianos |  Oualerianos | Demonized by Christians for renewing persecutions, but popular among the Egyptian clergy |  |
在瓦勒良之后，埃及被一系列篡位者控制:小马克里亚努斯、奎伊图斯和穆斯乌斯·埃米利安努斯，然而他们都没有法老头衔。合法皇帝加里恩努斯随后被承认，尽管在他的统治时期也没有已知的法老头衔。加里恩努斯的继任者在埃及留下的记录很少，克劳狄二世、昆提卢斯、奥勒良和克劳狄·塔西佗统治记录很少，尽管他们都被认为是公认的。271年的大部分时间里，埃及被帕米拉帝國的芝诺比娅占领，直到奥勒良重新夺回这个省份。弗洛里安努斯的统治在埃及被拒绝，埃及转而支持普罗布斯。
|  | 普罗布斯 r. 276–282 |  Autokrator Probos (?) |  Autokrator Probos (?) |  Autokrator Probos (?) |  Autokrator Probos (?) | Seized the imperial throne with Egyptian support. Defeated the Blemmyes, who had penetrated as far north as Coptos. |  |
古埃及文献中没有皇帝卡鲁斯、卡里努斯和努梅里安的记载。
|  | 戴克里先 r. 284–305 |  Diokletian(os) |  Diokletian(os) |  Diokletian(os) |  Diokletian(os) | Reforms removed much of Egypt's idiosyncrasy, further integrating Egypt economically and administratively with the other provinces. Lands in southern Egypt were abandoned during a state visit in 298. The Diocletianic Persecution was particularly severe in Egypt. |  |
|  | 马克西米安 r. 286–305 |  Maksimiano(s) |  Maksimiano(s) |  Maksimiano(s) |  Maksimiano(s) | Western Roman emperor, ruling jointly with Diocletian; did not actually control Egypt |  |
|  | 伽列里乌斯 r. 305–311 |  Kaisaros Iouio(s) Maksimio(s) |  Kaisaros Iouio(s) Maksimio(s) |  Kaisaros Iouio(s) Maksimio(s) |  Kaisaros Iouio(s) Maksimio(s) | Persecutions of Christians continued until a deathbed decree of religious toleration by Galerius |  |
|  | 马克西米努斯 r. 311–313 |  Kaisaros Oualerios Mak(sim)inos |  Kaisaros Oualerios Mak(sim)inos |  Kaisaros Oualerios Mak(sim)inos |  Kaisaros Oualerios Mak(sim)inos | Last emperor regarded to have been pharaoh by the Egyptians |  |
马克西米努斯是最后一位在象形文字中得到承认的罗马皇帝。虽然王座饰名是后来的记录(在340年君士坦提烏斯二世统治时期)，但异教徒的埃及人在死后使用戴克里先的饰名，而不认可后来的基督教皇帝。