性交
參考文獻

1 2 3  Wayne Weiten; Margaret A. Lloyd; Dana S. Dunn; Elizabeth Yost Hammer. . Cengage Learning. 2008: 422–423  [2012-01-05]. ISBN 0495553395. （原始内容存档于2013-12-31）. Vaginal intercourse, known more technically as coitus, involves inserting the penis into the vagina and (typically) pelvic thrusting. ... The man-above, or "missionary," position is the most common sex position.
1 2 3  Sandra Alters; Wendy Schiff. . Jones & Bartlett Publishers. 2012: 180–181  [2013-08-31]. ISBN 1449630626. （原始内容存档于2013-12-31）. Most heterosexuals are familiar with the notion of 'having sex' or sexual intercourse as vaginal sex, the insertion of a penis into a vagina. Vaginal sex, or coitus, is the most common and popular form of intimate sexual activity between partners.
↑  .   [2020-01-26]. （原始内容存档于2019-06-18）.
1 2 Sexual intercourse most commonly means penile–vaginal penetration for sexual pleasure and/or sexual reproduction; dictionary sources state that it especially means this, and scholarly sources over the years agree. See, for example;
. Merriam-Webster.   [2014-12-05]. （原始内容存档于2014-12-08）.
. Collins English Dictionary.   [2012-09-05]. （原始内容存档于2012-06-19）.
Richard M. Lerner; Laurence Steinberg. . John Wiley & Sons. 2004: 193–196  [2013-04-29]. ISBN 0471690449. （原始内容存档于2013-10-15）. When researchers use the term sex, they nearly always mean sexual intercourse – more specifically, penile–vaginal intercourse... The widespread, unquestioned equation of penile–vaginal intercourse with sex reflects a failure to examine systematically 'whether the respondent's understanding of the question matches what the researcher had in mind.'
Fedwa Malti-Douglas. . Macmillan Reference. 2007: 308. ISBN 0028659619. Sexual intercourse. [T]he term coitus indicates a specific act of sexual intercourse that also is known as coition or copulation. This 'coming together' is generally understood in heteronormative terms as the penetration of a woman's vagina by a man's penis.
Irving B. Weiner; W. Edward Craighead.  4. John Wiley & Sons. 2010: 1577  [2013-08-21]. ISBN 0470170239. （原始内容存档于2013-12-31）. Human sexual intercourse, or coitus, is one of the most common sexual outlets among adults. Sexual intercourse generally refers to penile penetration of the vagina...
Clint E. Bruess; Elizabeth Schroeder. . Jones & Bartlett Publishers. 2013: 152  [2014-12-05]. ISBN 1449649289. （原始内容存档于2015-03-26）. Vaginal sex is defined as when a penis or sex toy is inserted into a vagina for pleasure. In many cultures around the world, vaginal sex is what is usually implied when people refer to 'having sex' or 'sexual intercourse.' It is the most frequently studied behavior and is often the focus of sexuality education programming for youth.
1 2 3 4  . Discovery.com.   [2008-01-12]. （原始内容存档于2008-08-22）.
1 2 3 4  Nilamadhab Kar; Gopal Chandra Kar. . Jaypee Brothers Publishers. 2005: 107–112  [2012-09-04]. ISBN 8180614050. （原始内容存档于2013-10-15）.
↑  Virginia Rutter; Pepper Schwartz. . Rowman & Littlefield Publishers. 2011: 76  [2015-10-21]. ISBN 0742570053. （原始内容存档于2015-09-05）.
1 2  Laura Freberg. . Cengage Learning. 2009: 308–310  [2016-01-09]. ISBN 0547177798. （原始内容存档于2016-05-06）.
1 2 3 4  Richard M. Lerner; Laurence Steinberg. . John Wiley & Sons. 2004: 193–196  [2013-04-29]. ISBN 0471690449. （原始内容存档于2013-10-15）. When researchers use the term sex, they nearly always mean sexual intercourse – more specifically, penile–vaginal intercourse... The widespread, unquestioned equation of penile–vaginal intercourse with sex reflects a failure to examine systematically 'whether the respondent's understanding of the question matches what the researcher had in mind.'
1 2 3 4  參見第11頁 （页面存档备份，存于）以及第47-49頁 （页面存档备份，存于）（有关如何界定「失貞」及性交和性活動的觀点、男同性戀者和女同性戀者如何定義失貞，以及有多少研究人員和異性戀者按有否進行陰莖－陰道交定義失貞的信息）Laura M. Carpenter. . NYU Press. 2005: 295 pages  [2011-10-09]. ISBN 0-8147-1652-0.
1 2 3 4   (PDF). World Health Organization: 4. 2002-01  [2012-09-05]. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2012-09-06）. In English, the term 'sex' is often used to mean 'sexual activity' and can cover a range of behaviours. Other languages and cultures use different terms, with slightly different meanings.
1 2 3 4 5   (PDF). World Health Organization. 2007  [2011-11-26]. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2011-07-22）.
↑
. Discovery.com.   [2008-01-12]. （原始内容存档于2008-08-22）.
Nilamadhab Kar; Gopal Chandra Kar. . Jaypee Brothers Publishers. 2005: 107–112  [2012-09-04]. ISBN 8180614050. （原始内容存档于2013-10-15）.
Nancy W. Denney; David Quadagno. . Mosby-Year Book. 2008: 273. ISBN 0801663741. Although the term intercourse is usually used to refer to the insertion of the penis into the vagina, it is also used to refer to oral intercourse or anal intercourse in which the penis is inserted into the mouth or the anus, respectively.
↑
Ann O'Leary. . Springer. 2002: 155  [2013-08-21]. ISBN 0306467313. （原始内容存档于2013-12-31）.
Paula Kamen. . New York University Press. 2000: 74–77  [2012-09-05]. ISBN 0814747337.
Jerry D. Durham; Felissa R. Lashley.  3rd. Springer Publishing Company. 2000: 103  [2012-01-29]. ISBN 8122300049.
1 2 3 4  Ada P. Kahn; Jan Fawcett. . Infobase Publishing. 2008: 111  [2012-09-05]. ISBN 0816064547.
1 2 3  Randall, H. E. & Byers, S. E. . The Canadian Journal of Human Sexuality. 2003, 12: 87–96. Recently, researchers in the United States, the United Kingdom, and Australia have investigated university students' definitions of having sex. These studies found that students differ in their opinions of what sexual behaviours constitute having sex (Pitts & Rahman, 2001; Richters & Song, 1999; Sanders & Reinisch, 1999). While the vast majority of respondents (more than 97%) in these three studies included penile–vaginal intercourse in their definition of sex, fewer (between 70% and 90%) respondents considered penile–anal intercourse to constitute having sex. Oral-genital behaviours were defined as sex by between 32% and 58% of respondents.
1 2 3 4 5  Dianne Hales. . Cengage Learning. 2008: 269–271  [2013-08-29]. ISBN 0495391921. （原始内容存档于2013-12-31）.
1 2  Bhushan Kumar; Somesh Gupta. . Elsevier Health Sciences. 2014: 237  [2014-12-06]. ISBN 8131229785. （原始内容存档于2015-03-26）.
↑   (PDF). Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). 2008  [2011-12-06]. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2011-12-03）.  另請參見实况报道 （页面存档备份，存于）
↑  Bryan Strong; Christine DeVault; Theodore F. Cohen. . Cengage Learning. 2010: 186  [2011-10-08]. ISBN 0-534-62425-1. Most people agree that we maintain virginity as long as we refrain from sexual (vaginal) intercourse. But occasionally we hear people speak of 'technical virginity' [...] Data indicate that 'a very significant proportion of teens ha[ve] had experience with oral sex, even if they haven't had sexual intercourse, and may think of themselves as virgins' [...] Other research, especially research looking into virginity loss, reports that 35% of virgins, defined as people who have never engaged in vaginal intercourse, have nonetheless engaged in one or more other forms of heterosexual sexual activity (e.g., oral sex, anal sex, or mutual masturbation).
1 2  Michael Kent. . Oxford University Press. 2000: 250–253  [2015-10-21]. ISBN 0199141959. （原始内容存档于2015-09-05）.
↑  Showick Thorpe; Edgar Thorpe. . Pearson Education India. 2009: 1.79  [2015-10-21]. ISBN 8131721337. （原始内容存档于2015-09-05）.
1 2 3
Diamond, Jared. . Radius. 1991: 360 pages  [2015-10-21]. ISBN 0091742684. （原始内容存档于2015-09-05）.
de Waal, Frans. . Scientific American. 1995: 82–86.
Bruce, Bagemihl. . Macmillan. 1999: 768  [2015-10-21]. ISBN 1466809272. （原始内容存档于2015-09-05）.
Bailey NW, Zuk M. . Trends Ecol. Evol. (Amst.). 2009-08, 24 (8): 439–46. ISSN 0169-5347. PMID 19539396. doi:10.1016/j.tree.2009.03.014.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7  Diamond, Jared. . Radius. 1991: 360 pages  [2015-10-21]. ISBN 0091742684. （原始内容存档于2015-09-05）.
↑  Balcombe, Jonathan. . Palgrave Macmillan. 2006: 106–118  [2015-10-21]. ISBN 0230552277. （原始内容存档于2015-09-05）.
↑
. Merriam-Webster.   [2012-09-06]. （原始内容存档于2012-11-14）.
Nilamadhab Kar; Gopal Chandra Kar. . Jaypee Brothers Publishers. 2005: 107–112  [2012-09-04]. ISBN 8180614050. （原始内容存档于2013-10-15）.
Fedwa Malti-Douglas. . Macmillan Reference. 2007: 308. ISBN 0028659619. Sexual intercourse. [T]he term coitus indicates a specific act of sexual intercourse that also is known as coition or copulation. This 'coming together' is generally understood in heteronormative terms as the penetration of a woman's vagina by a man's penis.
Ada P. Kahn; Jan Fawcett. . Infobase Publishing. 2008: 111  [2012-09-05]. ISBN 0816064547.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7  參見第302頁 （页面存档备份，存于） （有关性高潮的信息）以及第285-286頁 （页面存档备份，存于）（有关性交的定義、盛行率和持續時間的信息。） Janell L. Carroll.  1st. Cengage Learning. 2012: 656  [2013-08-25]. ISBN 1111841896. （原始内容存档于2013-12-31）.
↑  Harvey B. Milkman; Kenneth W. Wanberg. . SAGE. 2004: 254–255  [2013-09-06]. ISBN 1412906148. （原始内容存档于2013-12-31）.
1 2  Human Kinetics. . Human Kinetics. 2009: 207  [2013-10-11]. ISBN 0736068503. （原始内容存档于2013-12-31）.
1 2  Edward M. Barrows. . Taylor & Francis. 2011: 122–124  [2013-08-25]. ISBN 1439836515. （原始内容存档于2013-12-31）.
1 2  . Dorland's Medical Dictionary for Health Consumers, 2007/TheFreeDictionary.com for various dictionary definitions.   [2012-09-06]. （原始内容存档于2012-08-10）.
↑  . The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language, Fifth Edition. 2011  [2013-08-23]. （原始内容存档于2013-10-13）.
↑
Ken Plummer. . Routledge. 2002: 187–191  [2013-08-24]. ISBN 1134922426. （原始内容存档于2014-07-08）. [S]ome sexual practices are regarded as inherently better (normal, natural, more satisfying) than others, with vaginal intercourse privileged as the 'Real Thing.' Such beliefs, influenced by views about sex as ultimately a reproductive function, continue to be perpetuated through discourses on sex despite a number of important contradictions.
Richard M. Lerner; Laurence Steinberg. . John Wiley & Sons. 2004: 193–196  [2013-04-29]. ISBN 0471690449. （原始内容存档于2013-10-15）. When researchers use the term sex, they nearly always mean sexual intercourse – more specifically, penile–vaginal intercourse... The widespread, unquestioned equation of penile–vaginal intercourse with sex reflects a failure to examine systematically 'whether the respondent's understanding of the question matches what the researcher had in mind.'
參見第11頁 （页面存档备份，存于）以及第47-49頁 （页面存档备份，存于）（有关如何界定「失貞」及性交和性活動的觀点、男同性戀者和女同性戀者如何定義失貞，以及有多少研究人員和異性戀者按有否進行陰莖－陰道交定義失貞的信息） Laura M. Carpenter. . NYU Press. 2005: 295 pages  [2011-10-09]. ISBN 0-8147-1652-0.
Fedwa Malti-Douglas. . Macmillan Reference. 2007: 308. ISBN 0028659619. Sexual intercourse. [T]he term coitus indicates a specific act of sexual intercourse that also is known as coition or copulation. This 'coming together' is generally understood in heteronormative terms as the penetration of a woman's vagina by a man's penis.
Irving B. Weiner; W. Edward Craighead.  4. John Wiley & Sons. 2010: 1577  [2013-08-21]. ISBN 0470170239. （原始内容存档于2013-12-31）. Human sexual intercourse, or coitus, is one of the most common sexual outlets among adults. Sexual intercourse generally refers to penile penetration of the vagina...
Clint E. Bruess; Elizabeth Schroeder. . Jones & Bartlett Publishers. 2013: 152  [2014-12-05]. ISBN 1449649289. （原始内容存档于2015-03-26）. Vaginal sex is defined as when a penis or sex toy is inserted into a vagina for pleasure. In many cultures around the world, vaginal sex is what is usually implied when people refer to 'having sex' or 'sexual intercourse'. It is the most frequently studied behavior and is often the focus of sexuality education programming for youth.
1 2 3 4 5  Cox, Lauren. . ABC.com. 2010-03-08  [2012-09-05]. （原始内容存档于2016-11-13）.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8  中国性科学百科全书编辑委员会. . : 434. 1998.
↑  曾子凡. . 香港城市大學出版社. 2008-11-10: 92  [2017-05-18]. ISBN 9789629371470.
↑  . 香港01. 2016-10-03  [2017-04-19]. 竟回答說，「香港好多好嚴峻問題……就算我哋而家想去野（做愛），都搵唔到房呀」
↑  吴瑛.  (PDF). 华人性人类学研究. 2009, 1 (1): 34–44  [2018-05-29]. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2018-07-29）.
1 2 3 4 5  . 蘋果日報. 2015-04-02  [2017-04-19]. （原始内容存档于2017-04-20）.
1 2 3  . 輔仁大學外國語文學院. 1986  [2017-04-19].
1 2  刘达临; 胡宏霞. . 四川人民出版社. 2005  [2017-05-18]. ISBN 7220068301. 古人把夫妻性交称为"敦伦" ,即敦合人之大伦;又称为"行周公之礼" ,即认为夫妻性交是祖宗订下的老规矩
↑  古利. . 商鼎數位出版. 2013-12-24: 142  [2017-04-29]. ISBN 9789861441214.
↑  . Merriam-Webster.   [2013-03-30]. （原始内容存档于2016-11-05）.
↑  . Merriam-Webster.   [2013-03-30]. （原始内容存档于2017-05-12）.
↑  . TheFreeDictionary.com.   [2013-03-30]. （原始内容存档于2013-04-12）.
↑  . Merriam-Webster.   [2012-12-26]. （原始内容存档于2013-01-21）.
↑
. Discovery.com.   [2008-01-12]. （原始内容存档于2008-08-22）.
Harvey B. Milkman; Kenneth W. Wanberg. . SAGE. 2004: 254–255  [2013-09-06]. ISBN 1412906148. （原始内容存档于2013-12-31）.
Nilamadhab Kar; Gopal Chandra Kar. . Jaypee Brothers Publishers. 2005: 107–112  [2012-09-04]. ISBN 8180614050. （原始内容存档于2013-10-15）.
Nancy W. Denney; David Quadagno. . Mosby-Year Book. 2008: 273. ISBN 0801663741. Although the term intercourse is usually used to refer to the insertion of the penis into the vagina, it is also used to refer to oral intercourse or anal intercourse in which the penis is inserted into the mouth or the anus, respectively.
1 2
Ken Plummer. . Routledge. 2002: 187–191  [2013-08-24]. ISBN 1134922426. （原始内容存档于2015-03-26）. The social construction of 'sex' as vaginal intercourse affects how other forms of sexual activity are evaluated as sexually satisfying or arousing; in some cases whether an activity is seen as a sexual act at all. For example, unless a woman has been penetrated by a man's penis she is still technically a virgin even if she has had lots of sexual experience.
Randall, H. E. & Byers, S. E. . The Canadian Journal of Human Sexuality. 2003, 12: 87–96. Recently, researchers in the United States, the United Kingdom, and Australia have investigated university students' definitions of having sex. These studies found that students differ in their opinions of what sexual behaviours constitute having sex (Pitts & Rahman, 2001; Richters & Song, 1999; Sanders & Reinisch, 1999). While the vast majority of respondents (more than 97%) in these three studies included penile–vaginal intercourse in their definition of sex, fewer (between 70% and 90%) respondents considered penile-anal intercourse to constitute having sex. Oral-genital behaviours were defined as sex by between 32% and 58% of respondents.
參見第11頁 （页面存档备份，存于）以及第47-49頁 （页面存档备份，存于）（有关如何界定「失貞」及性交和性活動的觀点、男同性戀者和女同性戀者如何定義失貞，以及有多少研究人員和異性戀者按有否進行陰莖－陰道交定義失貞的信息）Laura M. Carpenter. . NYU Press. 2005: 295 pages  [2011-10-09]. ISBN 0-8147-1652-0.
Bryan Strong; Christine DeVault; Theodore F. Cohen. . Cengage Learning. 2010: 186  [2011-10-08]. ISBN 0-534-62425-1. Most people agree that we maintain virginity as long as we refrain from sexual (vaginal) intercourse. ...But occasionally we hear people speak of 'technical virginity' ... Other research, especially research looking into virginity loss, reports that 35% of virgins, defined as people who have never engaged in vaginal intercourse, have nonetheless engaged in one or more other forms of heterosexual activity (e.g. oral sex, anal sex, or mutual masturbation). ... Data indicate that 'a very significant proportion of teens ha[ve] had experience with oral sex, even if they haven't had sexual intercourse, and may think of themselves as virgins'.
Robert Crooks; Karla Baur. . Cengage Learning. 2010: 286–289  [2012-08-30]. ISBN 0495812943. Noncoital forms of sexual intimacy, which have been called outercourse, can be a viable form of birth control. Outercourse includes all avenues of sexual intimacy other than penile–vaginal intercourse, including kissing, touching, mutual masturbation, and oral and anal sex.
↑  Joseph Gross, Michael. . The Advocate/Here Publishing. 2003: 44–45  [2011-03-13]. 0001-8996.
↑  Dolby, Tom. . Out. 2004-02: 76–77  [2011-02-12]. （原始内容存档于2013-10-15）.
↑  Karen Bouris. . Conari Press. 1995: 133–134  [2015-10-21]. ISBN 0-943233-93-3.
1 2  Wayne Weiten; Dana S. Dunn; Elizabeth Yost Hammer. . Cengage Learning. 2016: 349  [2017-12-27]. ISBN 0-7637-4148-5. 1305968476. （原始内容存档于2017-03-12）.
↑  Jerrold S. Greenberg; Clint E. Bruess; Sarah C. Conklin. . Jones & Bartlett Learning. 2007: 429  [2010-12-19]. ISBN 0-7637-4148-5. 9780763741488. （原始内容存档于2013-10-15）.
↑
Richard D. McAnulty; M. Michele Burnette. . Allyn & Bacon. 2003: 229. ISBN 020538059X. 9780763741488.
Richard M. Lerner; Laurence Steinberg. . John Wiley & Sons. 2004: 193–196  [2013-04-29]. ISBN 0471690449. （原始内容存档于2013-10-15）. When researchers use the term sex, they nearly always mean sexual intercourse – more specifically, penile–vaginal intercourse... The widespread, unquestioned equation of penile–vaginal intercourse with sex reflects a failure to examine systematically 'whether the respondent's understanding of the question matches what the researcher had in mind.'
參見第11頁 （页面存档备份，存于）以及第47-49頁 （页面存档备份，存于）（有关如何界定「失貞」及性交和性活動的觀点、男同性戀者和女同性戀者如何定義失貞，以及有多少研究人員和異性戀者按有否進行陰莖－陰道交定義失貞的信息） Laura M. Carpenter. . NYU Press. 2005: 295 pages  [2011-10-09]. ISBN 0-8147-1652-0.
Andrew Baum; Tracey A. A. Revenson; Jerome Singer.  2nd. Psychology Press. 2012: 259–260  [2013-04-30]. ISBN 080586461X. （原始内容存档于2014-01-08）.
1 2  Ken Plummer. . Routledge. 2002: 187–191  [2013-08-24]. ISBN 1134922426. （原始内容存档于2015-03-18）. [S]ome sexual practices are regarded as inherently better (normal, natural, more satisfying) than others, with vaginal intercourse privileged as the 'Real Thing.' Such beliefs, influenced by views about sex as ultimately a reproductive function, continue to be perpetuated through discourses on sex despite a number of important contradictions.
1 2  Andrew Baum; Tracey A. A. Revenson; Jerome Singer.  2nd. Psychology Press. 2012: 259–260  [2013-04-30]. ISBN 080586461X. （原始内容存档于2014-01-08）.
↑  Arthur G. Miller. . Psychology Press. 1999: 240  [2013-04-29]. ISBN 0805897844. （原始内容存档于2014-01-08）. Many people consider penile–vaginal intercourse the only form of 'real' sex.
1 2  Pamela J. Kalbfleisch; Michael J. Cody. . Routledge. 2012: 153  [2013-04-30]. ISBN 1136480501. （原始内容存档于2015-09-05）.
↑  Michael R Kauth. . Springer. 2000: 74  [2012-08-30]. ISBN 0306463903. （原始内容存档于2013-12-31）.
↑  Jayson, Sharon. . USA Today. 2005-10-19  [2009-08-07]. （原始内容存档于2016-03-05）.
1 2 3   (PDF). Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). 2009-06  [2013-08-30]. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2012-01-19）.
1 2 3  Jonathan Engel. . HarperCollins. 2009: 242  [2013-08-30]. ISBN 0061856762. （原始内容存档于2013-12-31）. Many men simply did not like the feel of condoms, or associated them with emasculation. They say, 'Unless it's flesh on flesh, it's not real sex...
1 2  Naomi N. Wekwete. . African Books Collective. 2010: 49  [2013-08-30]. ISBN 9994455486. （原始内容存档于2013-12-31）.
1 2  Harry T. Reis; Susan Sprecher; Susan K. Sprecher.  1. SAGE. 2009: 541–543  [2017-04-03]. ISBN 1412958466. （原始内容存档于2017-03-05）.
↑  Plant, T.; Zeleznik, A.  4th. Academic Press. 2015.
1 2 3  Wunsch, S. . Sexologies. 2017, 26 (1): e1–e10  [2017-04-04]. doi:10.1016/j.sexol.2016.12.001. （原始内容存档于2017-02-21）.
1 2  Pfaus JG, Flanagan-Cato LM, Blaustein JD. . Plant T, Zeleznik A,  et al  (编).  4th. Academic Press. 2015.
↑  Dixson, A.F.  2nd. Oxford University Press. 2012  [2017-04-04]. （原始内容存档于2021-08-14）.
↑  Keller, M; Bakker, J. . Behavioural Brain Research. 2009, 200 (2): 237–358. PMC 2909619 . PMID 19374009.
↑  Nei, M.; Niimura, Y.; Nozawa, M. . Nat. Rev. Genet. 2008, 9 (12): 951–963.
↑  Zhang, J.; Webb, D.M. . Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 2003, 100 (14): 8337–8341.
↑  Doty, R.L. . Mucignat-Caretta C  (编). . CRC Press. 2014  [2017-04-04]. ISBN 978-1466553415. （原始内容存档于2021-09-30）.
↑  Georgiadis, J.R.; Kringelbach, M.L.; Pfaus, J.G. . Nat. Rev. Urol. 2012, 9 (9): 486–498.
1 2  Keath Roberts. . Lotus Press. 2006: 145  [2012-08-17]. ISBN 8189093592.
↑  Taormino, Tristan. . Quiver. 2009: 52  [2014-06-09]. ISBN 978-1-59233-355-4. （原始内容存档于2015-09-05）.
1 2 3 4 5  Wayne Weiten; Dana S. Dunn; Elizabeth Yost Hammer. . Cengage Learning. 2011: 384–386  [2012-01-05]. ISBN 1-111-18663-4.
↑  Sandra Alters; Wendy Schiff. . Jones & Bartlett Publishers. 2011: 154  [2014-12-09]. ISBN 144965374X. （原始内容存档于2015-03-26）.
↑  Cecie Starr; Beverly McMillan. . Cengage Learning. 2008: 314  [2013-04-30]. ISBN 0495561819. （原始内容存档于2013-10-15）.
↑  Joseph A. Flaherty; John Marcell Davis; Philip G. Janicak. . Appleton & Lange (Original from Northwestern University). 1993: 544. ISBN 0-8385-1267-4. The amount of time of sexual arousal needed to reach orgasm is variable — and usually much longer — in women than in men; thus, only 20–30% of women attain a coital climax. b. Many women (70–80%) require manual clitoral stimulation...
↑  Mah K, Binik YM. . Clinical Psychology Review. 2001-01-07, 21 (6): 823–856. PMID 11497209. doi:10.1016/S0272-7358(00)00069-6. Women rated clitoral stimulation as at least somewhat more important than vaginal stimulation in achieving orgasm; only about 20% indicated that they did not require additional clitoral stimulation during intercourse.
↑  Kammerer-Doak D, Rogers RG. . Obstetrics and Gynecology Clinics of North America. 2008-06, 35 (2): 169–183. PMID 18486835. doi:10.1016/j.ogc.2008.03.006. Most women report the inability to achieve orgasm with vaginal intercourse and require direct clitoral stimulation ... About 20% have coital climaxes...
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