锇
參考資料

↑  Prohaska, Thomas; Irrgeher, Johanna; Benefield, Jacqueline; Böhlke, John K.; Chesson, Lesley A.; Coplen, Tyler B.; Ding, Tiping; Dunn, Philip J. H.; Gröning, Manfred; Holden, Norman E.; Meijer, Harro A. J. . Pure and Applied Chemistry. 2022-05-04. ISSN 1365-3075. doi:10.1515/pac-2019-0603 （英语）.
↑  Magnetic susceptibility of the elements and inorganic compounds 的存檔，存档日期2011-03-03., in Handbook of Chemistry and Physics 81st edition, CRC press.
1 2  Peters, Stefan T.M.; Münker, Carsten; Becker, Harry; Schulz, Toni. . Earth and Planetary Science Letters. April 2014, 391: 69–76. doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2014.01.030.
↑  “銤”亦為化學元素鋂的舊譯，因造成混淆而採用新譯
↑  Hammond "Osmium", C. R., p. 4–25 in Lide, D. R. (编),  86th, Boca Raton (FL): CRC Press, 2005, ISBN 0-8493-0486-5
↑  Arblaster, J. W.  (PDF). Platinum Metals Review. 1989, 33 (1): 14–16  [2013-12-25]. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2012-02-07）.
↑  Arblaster, J. W. . Platinum Metals Review. 1995, 39 (4): 164  [2013-12-25]. （原始内容存档于2011-09-27）.
↑  Weinberger, Michelle; Tolbert, Sarah; Kavner, Abby. . Phys. Rev. Lett. 2008, 100 (4): 045506. Bibcode:2008PhRvL.100d5506W. PMID 18352299. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.100.045506.
↑  Cynn, Hyunchae; Klepeis, John E.; Yoo, Choong-Shik; Young, David A. . Physical Review Letters. 2002, 88 (13): 135701. Bibcode:2002PhRvL..88m5701C. PMID 11955108. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.88.135701.
↑  Sahu, B. R.; Kleinman, L. . Physical Review B. 2005, 72 (11): 113106. Bibcode:2005PhRvB..72k3106S. doi:10.1103/PhysRevB.72.113106.
↑  Wang, Guanjun; Zhou, Mingfei; Goettel, James T.; Schrobilgen, Gary J.; Su, Jing; Li, Jun; Schlöder, Tobias; Riedel, Sebastian. . Nature. 2014, 514 (7523): 475–477. ISSN 0028-0836. doi:10.1038/nature13795.
↑  Selig, H.; Claassen, H. H.; Chernick, C. L.; Malm, J. G.; Huston, J. L. . Science. 1964, 143 (3612): 1322–3. Bibcode:1964Sci...143.1322S. JSTOR 1713238. PMID 17799234. doi:10.1126/science.143.3612.1322.
↑  Huston, J. L.; Studier, M. H.; Sloth, E. N. . Science. 1964, 143 (3611): 1162–3. Bibcode:1964Sci...143.1161H. JSTOR 1712675. PMID 17833897. doi:10.1126/science.143.3611.1161-a.
↑  Barnard, C. F. J. . Platinum Metals Review. 2004, 48 (4): 157. doi:10.1595/147106704X10801.
↑   (PDF). Gesellschaft für Schwerionenforschung mbH. 2002  [2007-01-31]. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2012-01-14）.
↑  Gong, Yu; Zhou, Mingfei; Kaupp, Martin; Riedel, Sebastian. . Angewandte Chemie International Edition. 2009, 48 (42): 7879. doi:10.1002/anie.200902733.
↑  Domanov, V. P.; Lobanov, Yu. V. . Radiochemistry (SP MAIK Nauka/Interperiodica). February 2009, 51 (1): 14–17. doi:10.1134/S1066362209010044.
↑  Krause, J.; Siriwardane, Upali; Salupo, Terese A.; Wermer, Joseph R.; Knoeppel, David W.; Shore, Sheldon G. . Journal of Organometallic Chemistry. 1993, 454: 263–271. doi:10.1016/0022-328X(93)83250-Y.
↑  Carter, Willie J.; Kelland, John W.; Okrasinski, Stanley J.; Warner, Keith E.; Norton, Jack R. . Inorganic Chemistry. 1982, 21 (11): 3955–3960. doi:10.1021/ic00141a019.
1 2  Mager Stellman, J. . . International Labour Organization. 1998: 63.34. ISBN 978-92-2-109816-4. OCLC 35279504.
1 2  Holleman, A. F.; Wiberg, E.; Wiberg, N. . Academic Press. 2001. ISBN 0-12-352651-5. OCLC 47901436.
1 2  Griffith, W. P. . Quarterly Review of the Chemical Society. 1965, 19 (3): 254–273. doi:10.1039/QR9651900254.
↑  Subcommittee on Platinum-Group Metals, Committee on Medical and Biologic Effects of Environmental Pollutants, Division of Medical Sciences, Assembly of Life Sciences, National Research Council. . National Academy of Sciences. 1977: 55. ISBN 0-309-02640-7.
1 2  Bozzola, John J.; Russell, Lonnie D. . . Sudbury, Mass.: Jones and Bartlett. 1999: 21–31. ISBN 978-0-7637-0192-5.
↑  Greenwood, N. N.; Earnshaw, A.  2nd. Oxford:Butterworth-Heinemann. 1997: 1113–1143, 1294. ISBN 0-7506-3365-4. OCLC 48138330.
↑  Gulliver, D. J; Levason, W. . Coordination Chemistry Reviews. 1982, 46: 1–127. doi:10.1016/0010-8545(82)85001-7.
↑  Peter A. Lay; W. Dean Harman. . A. G. Sykes. Academic Press. 1992: 221. ISBN 0-12-023637-0.
↑  . Minor Metals Trade Association. 2016  [2023-06-17]. （原始内容存档于2023-09-27）.
1 2  Kondev, F. G.; Wang, M.; Huang, W. J.; Naimi, S.; Audi, G.  (PDF). Chinese Physics C. 2021, 45 (3): 030001. doi:10.1088/1674-1137/abddae （英语）.
↑  Dąbek, Józef; Halas, Stanislaw. . Geochronometria. 2007, 27: 23–26. doi:10.2478/v10003-007-0011-4.
↑  Alvarez, L. W.; Alvarez, W.; Asaro, F.; Michel, H. V. . Science. 1980, 208 (4448): 1095–1108. Bibcode:1980Sci...208.1095A. PMID 17783054. doi:10.1126/science.208.4448.1095.
↑  Venetskii, S. I. . Metallurgist. 1974, 18 (2): 155–157. doi:10.1007/BF01132596.
↑  McDonald, M. . Platinum Metals Review. 959, 3 (4): 140–145  [2013-12-25]. （原始内容存档于2011-06-09）.
↑  Juan, J.; de Ulloa, A.  1. 1748: 606 （西班牙语）.
1 2 3 4 5  Hunt, L. B.  (PDF). Platinum Metals Review. 1987, 31 (1): 32–41  [2012-03-15]. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2012-03-04）.
1 2 3  Emsley, J. . . Oxford, England, UK: Oxford University Press. 2003: 199–201. ISBN 0-19-850340-7.
1 2 3  Griffith, W. P. . Platinum Metals Review. 2004, 48 (4): 182–189. doi:10.1595/147106704X4844.
↑  Thomson, T. . Baldwin & Cradock, London; and William Blackwood, Edinburgh. 1831: 693.
↑  Weeks, M. E.  7. Journal of Chemical Education. 1968: 414–418. ISBN 0-8486-8579-2. OCLC 23991202.
↑  Tennant, S. . Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society. 1804, 94: 411–418. JSTOR 107152. doi:10.1098/rstl.1804.0018.
↑  Smil, Vaclav. . MIT Press. 2004: 80–86. ISBN 978-0-262-69313-4.
1 2 3  George, Micheal W.  (PDF). United States Geological Survey USGS.   [2008-09-16]. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2019-01-11）.
↑  Wedepohl, Hans K. . Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta. 1995, 59 (7): 1217–1232. Bibcode:1995GeCoA..59.1217W. doi:10.1016/0016-7037(95)00038-2.
↑  Xiao, Z.; =Laplante, A. R. . Minerals Engineering. 2004, 17 (9–10): 961–979. doi:10.1016/j.mineng.2004.04.001.
1 2 3  Seymour, R. J.; O'Farrelly, J. I. . . Wiley. 2001. doi:10.1002/0471238961.1612012019052513.a01.pub2.
↑   (PDF). United States Geological Survey USGS.   [2008-09-16]. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2019-01-11）.
↑  George, M. W.  (PDF). U.S. Geological Survey Mineral Commodity Summaries (USGS Mineral Resources Program). 2008  [2013-12-25]. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2019-01-11）.
↑  Renner, H.; Schlamp, G.; Kleinwächter, I.; Drost, E.; Lüschow, H. M.; Tews, P.; Panster, P.; Diehl, M.; Lang, J.; Kreuzer, T.; Knödler, A.; Starz, K. A.; Dermann, K.; Rothaut, J.; Drieselman, R. . . Wiley. 2002. doi:10.1002/14356007.a21_075.
↑  Gilchrist, Raleigh. . Chemical Reviews. 1943, 32 (3): 277–372. doi:10.1021/cr60103a002.
↑  Hunt, L. B.; Lever, F. M.  (PDF). Platinum Metals Review. 1969, 13 (4): 126–138  [2008-10-02]. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2008-10-29）.
1 2 3  Smith, Ivan C.; Carson, Bonnie L.; Ferguson, Thomas L. . Environmental Health Perspectives. 1974, 8: 201–213. JSTOR 3428200. PMC 1474945 . PMID 4470919. doi:10.2307/3428200.
↑   (PDF). USGS.   [27 May 2013]. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2017-05-13）.
↑  Osmium （页面存档备份，存于）. Los Alamos National Laboratory's Chemistry Division
↑  Live Osmium prices （页面存档备份，存于）. TaxFreeGold.com. Accessed 6 April 2010
↑  Committee, ASM International. Handbook. . Materials Park, Ohio: ASM International. 1990. ISBN 978-0-87170-707-9.
↑  MacDonell, Herbert L. . The Journal of Criminal Law, Criminology, and Police Science. 1960, 51 (4): 465–470. JSTOR 1140672. doi:10.2307/1140672.
↑  Chadwick, D. . John Wiley and Sons. 2002: 259–264. ISBN 0-470-84479-5.
↑  Kolb, Hartmuth C.; VanNieuwenhze, Michael S.; Sharpless, K. Barry. . Chemical Reviews. 1994, 94 (8): 2483–2547. doi:10.1021/cr00032a009.
↑  Colacot, T. J.  (PDF). Platinum Metals Review. 2002, 46 (2): 82–83  [2013-12-25]. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2013-01-31）.
↑  Osmium tetroxide as a reagent in organic chemistry — Master Organic Chemistry （页面存档备份，存于）. Masterorganicchemistry.com. Retrieved on 2012-12-07.
↑  Antonov, V. E.; Belash, I. T.; Malyshev, V. Yu.; Ponyatovsky, E. G.  (PDF). Platinum Metals Revie. 1984, 28 (4): 158–163  [2013-12-25]. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2013-01-31）.
↑  Torr, Marsha R. . Applied Optics. 1985, 24 (18): 2959. Bibcode:1985ApOpt..24.2959T. PMID 18223987. doi:10.1364/AO.24.002959.
↑  Gull, T. R.; Herzig, H; Osantowski, JF; Toft, AR. . Applied Optics. 1985, 24 (16): 2660. Bibcode:1985ApOpt..24.2660G. PMID 18223936. doi:10.1364/AO.24.002660.
↑  Sheppeard, H.; Ward, D. J. . Rheumatology. 1980, 19 (1): 25–29. PMID 7361025. doi:10.1093/rheumatology/19.1.25.
↑  Ni, Wen-Xiu; Man, Wai-Lun; Cheung, Myra Ting-Wai; Sun, Raymond Wai-Yin; Shu, Yuan-Lan; Lam, Yun-Wah; Che, Chi-Ming; Lau, Tai-Chu. . Chem. Commun. 2011, 47 (7): 2140–2142. doi:10.1039/C0CC04515B.
↑  Shnyder, Steve D.; Fu, Ying; Habtemariam, Abraha; van Rijt, Sabine H.; Cooper, Patricia A.; Loadman, Paul M.; Sadler, Peter J. . Med. Chem. Commun. 2011, 2 (7): 666–668. doi:10.1039/C1MD00075F.
↑  Fu, Ying; Romero, María J.; Habtemariam, Abraha;  et al. . Chemical Science. 2012, 3 (8): 2485–2494. doi:10.1039/C2SC20220D.
↑   (PDF). NASA.   [2009-06-06]. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2010-05-22）.
↑  Linton, Roger C.; Kamenetzky, Rachel R.; Reynolds, John M.; Burris, Charles L. . In NASA. Langley Research Center (NASA). 1992: 763. Bibcode:1992ldef.symp..763L.
↑  Luttrell, William E.; Giles, Cory B. . Journal of Chemical Health and Safety. 2007, 14 (5): 40–41. doi:10.1016/j.jchas.2007.07.003.
↑  . University of California, San Diego.   [2009-06-02]. （原始内容存档于2006-02-21）.