宗主权
資料來源

↑  Oppenheim, L., International Law: A Treatise (Volume I), p162 （页面存档备份，存于）, "Modern suzerainty involves only a few rights of the suzerain State over the vassal State which can be called constitutional rights. The rights of the suzerain State over the vassal are principally international rights, of whatever they may consist...One may correctly maintain that suzerainty is a kind of international guardianship, since the vassal State is either absolutely or mainly represented internationally by the suzerain State."
↑  . 國家教育研究院.   [2022-04-05]. （原始内容存档于2022-04-05）. 國家對於屬國的內政外交，具有干預的權利，此權稱為「宗主權」。
1 2  Oppenheim, L., International Law: A Treatise (Volume I), p162 （页面存档备份，存于）, "Suzerainty is by no means sovereignty. If it were, the vassal State could not be sovereign in its domestic affairs and could never have any international relations whatever of its own."
1 2  suzerain．见：霍恩比，李北达．牛津高阶英汉双解词典（4）．香港：牛津大学出版社，1997 ISBN 0-19-587421-8, ISBN 9780195874211
↑  . 國家教育研究院.   [2022-04-05]. （原始内容存档于2022-04-11）. 對屬國有宗主權的國家，通稱為「宗主國」。
↑  Oppenheim, L., International Law: A Treatise (Volume I), p162 （页面存档备份，存于）, "Suzerainty is a term which was originally used for the relation between the feudal lord and his vassal; the lord was said to be the suzerain of the vassal."
1 2 3  Oppenheim, L., International Law: A Treatise (Volume I), p163 （页面存档备份，存于）, "Egypt, while she was still a vassal State of Turkey, could conclude commercial and postal treaties with foreign States without the consent of suzerain Turkey, and Bulgaria could, while she was under Turkish suzerainty , conclude treaties regarding railways, post, and the like."
↑  Milner, Hashim, Mishra (Ed.), Asia and Europe in the 21st Century: New Anxieties, New Opportunities, p333, "It was difficult for "suzerainty" to be reconciled with the western concepts of international relations"
↑  Oppenheim, L., International Law: A Treatise (Volume I), p161 （页面存档备份，存于）, "The union and the relations between a suzerain and its vassal State create much difficulty in the science of the Law of Nations."
↑  原田環.  (PDF). 日韓歴史共同研究委員会 第一期 第3分科報告書 (日韓文化交流基金). 2005-03: 73―102頁  [2023-08-09]. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2015-09-10）.
↑  Zhu, Yuan Yi. . Asian Journal of International Law. 2020-07, 10 (2)  [2023-08-09]. ISSN 2044-2513. doi:10.1017/S204425132000020X. （原始内容存档于2023-08-11） （英语）.
1 2  黃大受，《中國通史》，頁822
↑  Singh, O.P.(1985), Strategic Sikkim, p43
↑  Grousset, R., The Empire of the Steppes: A History of Central Asia, p488, "In 1758, Irdana or Erdeni, khan of Kokand, was compelled to recognize the suzerainty of China, whose armies had reached his frontiers. He tried to form a coalition against them with Armed the Durrani, king of Afghanistan, but a demonstration by Durrani between Kokand and Tashkent in 1763 had no effect."
↑  Starr, S.F., Ferghana Valley: The Heart of Central Asia, p32, "In 1758, weakened by contact wars with his neighbors, Irdana Bey had to accept the suzerainty of China."
↑  繆鳳林，《中國通史要略》，頁429
↑  何函潔，《中共處理邊界爭議的戰略選擇(1949-2009) - 守勢現實主義的驗證》，頁164
↑  Ahmed, Zahiruddin, China and Tibet, 1708-1959: A Résumé of Facts, Royal Institute of International Affairs, 1960, p31, "Chinese Imperial authority in Tibet was, no doubt, indistinguishable from sovereignty."
↑  Goldstein, Melvyn C., A History of Modern Tibet: 1913-1951, University of California Press, 1989, p44, "While the ancient relationships between Tibet and China are complex and beyond the scope of this study, there can be no question regarding the subordination of Tibet to Manchu-ruled China following the chaotic era of the 6th and 7th Dalai Lamas in the first decades of the eighteenth century."
↑  Lezlee Brown Halper; Stefan A. Halper. . Oxford University Press. 2014年: 15–16頁  [2017-09-18]. ISBN 978-0-19-936836-5. （原始内容存档于2019-05-13）.
↑  Sam Van Schaik. . Yale University Press. 2011年: 306頁  [2017-09-18]. ISBN 978-0-300-17217-1. （原始内容存档于2019-05-13）.
↑  Smith, Warren, Tibetan Nation: A History of Tibetan Nationalism and Sino-Tibetan Relations, p157 （页面存档备份，存于）, "Negotiations were reopened in 1906 at Peking. The British Government was not interested in an alliance with Russia. A first step in that direction would be to alleviate Russian fears concerning British designs upon Tibet. An agreement was therefore quickly concluded. The Chinese agreed to accept the Lhasa Convention of 1904; the British agreed not to interfere in China's administration of Tibet if the Chinese would exclude all other foreign power. China was defined as not a foreign power in relation to Tibet, which implicitly recognized Chinese sovereignty over Tibet."
↑  Goldstein, Melvyn C., A History of Modern Tibet: 1913-1951, University of California Press, 1989, pp829-830
1 2  . 德国之声. 2008-03-18  [2013-12-29]. （原始内容存档于2014-01-03）.
↑  Brownlie, Ian, Principles of Public International Law (seventh edition), Oxford University Press, 2008, p627, "The maxim pacta tertiis nec nocent nec prosunt expresses the fundamental principle that a treaty applies only between the parties to it."
↑  . 1913-01-08  [2013-12-29]. （原始内容存档于2019-02-04）. （英文）
↑   Bell, Charles (1924), Tibet Past and Present, pp150f, 228f, 304f, 商務印書館宮廷璋譯本：「達賴未嘗授德爾智以與蒙古訂立任何條約之權，遺德爾智之書，系屬普通信札，謹請其努力為佛教謀利益而已。」
↑  Spencer, Richard. . The Daily Telegraph. 2008-11-05  [2010-07-12]. （原始内容存档于2010-11-03）.
↑  Addy, P., Tibet: Pawn anf Pivot of the Great Game, pp321-322 （页面存档备份，存于）
↑  張忠紱，《中華民國外交史(1911-1921)》，頁116
↑  《中蘇解決懸案大綱協定》第五條 （页面存档备份，存于）
↑  其木格（Enkchimeg Baatarkhuyag）. . 幸福綠光出版社. 2016. ISBN 9789868582859.
↑  Keltie, J.S. (Ed.), The Statesman's Year-Book: Statistical and Historical Annual of the States of the World for the Year 1892, p1030 （页面存档备份，存于）, "The Principality of Bulgaria was created by the Treaty of Berlin, signed July 13, 1878. It was ordered by Art. 1 of the Treaty that Bulgaria should he 'constituted an autonomous and tributary Principality under the suzerainty of His Imperial Majesty the Sultan. It will have a Christian Government and a national militia.'"
↑  Pretoria Convention (1881) （页面存档备份，存于）, Article 2, "Her Majesty reserves to herself, her heirs and successors,(a) the right from time to time to appoint a British Resident in and for the said State, with such duties and functions as are hereinafter defined ; (b) the right to move troops through the said State in time of war, or in case of the apprehension of immediate war between the Suzerain Power and any Foreign State or Native Tribe in South Africa ; and (c) the control of the external relations of the said State"
↑  Oppenheim, L., International Law: A Treatise (Volume I), p163 （页面存档备份，存于）
↑  London Convention (1884) （页面存档备份，存于）, Article IV, "Such approval shall be considered to have been granted if Her Majesty's Government shall not, within six months after receiving a copy of such treaty (which shall be delivered to them immediately upon its completion), have notified that the conclusion of such treaty is in conflict with the interests of Great Britain or any of Her Majesty's possessions in South Africa."