斑鬣狗
参考资料

Androgens and the Role of Female "Hyperaggressiveness" in Spotted Hyenas (Crocuta crocuta) Wolfgang Goymann, Marion L. East, and Heribert Hofer (pdf) - 'Androgen-independent mechanisms are likely to also play an important role, as treatment with anti-androgens during fetal development did not produce females without a pseudo-penis (Drea, Weldele, Forger, Coscia, Frank, Licht, and Glickman, 1998).'
1 2  Honer, O., Holekamp, K.E. & Mills, G. . The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2008.   [31 August 2009].
↑  Wozencraft, W.C. . Wilson, D.E. & Reeder, D.M.  (编).  (3rd ed.). Baltimore, Maryland: Johns Hopkins University Press. 2005: 532–628. ISBN 978-0-8018-8221-0. LCCN 2005001870. OCLC 62265494.  NLC 001238428.
↑  . IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.   [2019-05-13]. （原始内容存档于2021-03-04）.
↑  Kurtén 1968，第69–72頁
↑  Varela, Sara.  (PDF). Quaternary Science Reviews. 2010, 29 (17–18): 2027–2035  [2019-07-22]. Bibcode:2010QSRv...29.2027V. doi:10.1016/j.quascirev.2010.04.017. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2012-04-26）.
↑  Rosevear 1974，第355–357頁
↑  Rosevear 1974，第353頁
1 2  Macdonald 1992，第134–135頁
↑  Drea CM, Frank LG (2003) The social complexity of spotted hyenas. In: Animal Social Complexity: Intelligence, Culture, and Individualized Societies (eds de Waal FBM, Tyack PL). pp. 121–148, Harvard University Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts.
↑  Glickman SE, Cunha GR, Drea CM, Conley AJ and Place NJ. (2006). Mammalian sexual differentiation: lessons from the spotted hyena. 的存檔，存档日期22 February 2013. Trends Endocrinol Metab 17:349–356.
↑  Mills & Hofer 1998，第34頁
↑  Holekamp, KE; Sakai, ST; Lundrigan, BL. . Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London B. 2007, 362 (1480): 523–538. PMC 2346515 . PMID 17289649. doi:10.1098/rstb.2006.1993.
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1 2  Glickman, Stephen (1995). （页面存档备份，存于） （页面存档备份，存于） （页面存档备份，存于） "The Spotted Hyena from Aristotle to the Lion King: Reputation is Everything –  In the Company of Animals" （页面存档备份，存于）, Social Research, Volume 62
↑  Mills & Hofer 1998，第92 & 101頁
↑  Denis-Huot, Christine & Denis-Huot, Michel. . 2003: pp.224. ISBN 1-58663-707-X.  引文格式1维护：冗余文本 (link)
↑  Mills & Hofer 1998，第2頁
1 2  Kingdon 1988，第260頁
↑  Mills & Hofer 1998，第16頁
↑  Mills, Gus & Harvey, Martin. . 2002: pp.160. ISBN 1-86872-569-3.  引文格式1维护：冗余文本 (link)
↑  Kruuk 1972，第211頁
↑  Meloro, Carlo (2007), Plio-Pleistocene large carnivores from the Italian peninsula: functional morphology and macroecology （页面存档备份，存于） Università degli Studi di Napoli "Federico II" Dottorato di Ricerca in Scienze della Terra Geologia del Sedimentario "XX Ciclo"
1 2 3 4 5 6 7  Kruuk, Hans. . Chicago: University of Chicago Press. 1972: pp.335. ISBN 0-563-20844-9.  引文格式1维护：冗余文本 (link)
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↑  Richard Estes. . Wildlife African Hyena Photos. Nature-Wildlife.com.   [2008-03-24]. （原始内容存档于2011-10-11）.
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↑  Estes, Richard Despard. . Berkely: University of California Press. 1991.
↑  Kay Holekamp. . Current Biology. 2006-11-21, 16: R944–R945. （原始内容存档于2007-03-02）.
↑  Stefan Anitei. . Softpedia. 2007-01-26  [2008-03-26]. （原始内容存档于2021-01-18）.
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↑  .   [2008-03-24]. （原始内容存档于2004-01-31）.
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↑  . National Geographic.   [2008-01-26]. （原始内容存档于2017-01-07）.
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↑  Knight, John. . 2000: pp.254  [2008-03-21]. ISBN 0-415-22441-1. （原始内容存档于2013-02-11）.  引文格式1维护：冗余文本 (link)