Β-羟基-β-甲基丁酸
参考

1 2 3 4 5 6  Wilson JM, Fitschen PJ, Campbell B, Wilson GJ, Zanchi N, Taylor L, Wilborn C, Kalman DS, Stout JR, Hoffman JR, Ziegenfuss TN, Lopez HL, Kreider RB, Smith-Ryan AE, Antonio J. . Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition. February 2013, 10 (1): 6. PMC 3568064 . PMID 23374455. doi:10.1186/1550-2783-10-6. The [International Society of Sports Nutrition] has concluded the following.  1. HMB can be used to enhance recovery by attenuating exercise induced skeletal muscle damage in trained and untrained populations. ... 4. Thirty-eight mg·kg·BM−1 daily of HMB has been demonstrated to enhance skeletal muscle hypertrophy, strength, and power in untrained and trained populations when the appropriate exercise prescription is utilized. ... 8. HMB’s mechanisms of action include an inhibition and increase of proteolysis and protein synthesis, respectively. 9. Chronic consumption of HMB is safe in both young and old populations.
↑   (PDF). Abbott Nutrition. 9 August 2016  [22 August 2016]. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2016-10-12）. 
 · Use under medical supervision.
 · HMB + protein for muscle health. 

 (PDF). Abbott Nutrition. 7 May 2016  [22 August 2016]. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2016-10-12）. 
 · Administer orally or as a modular via feeding tube ...
 · Use under medical supervision.
 · Nutravigor® (CaHMB, calcium β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate)
↑  Zanchi NE, Gerlinger-Romero F, Guimarães-Ferreira L, de Siqueira Filho MA, Felitti V, Lira FS, Seelaender M, Lancha AH. . Amino Acids. April 2011, 40 (4): 1015–1025. PMID 20607321. doi:10.1007/s00726-010-0678-0. HMB is a metabolite of the amino acid leucine (Van Koverin and Nissen 1992), an essential amino acid. The first step in HMB metabolism is the reversible transamination of leucine to [α-KIC] that occurs mainly extrahepatically (Block and Buse 1990). Following this enzymatic reaction, [α-KIC] may follow one of two pathways. In the first, HMB is produced from [α-KIC] by the cytosolic enzyme KIC dioxygenase (Sabourin and Bieber 1983). The cytosolic dioxygenase has been characterized extensively and differs from the mitochondrial form in that the dioxygenase enzyme is a cytosolic enzyme, whereas the dehydrogenase enzyme is found exclusively in the mitochondrion (Sabourin and Bieber 1981, 1983). Importantly, this route of HMB formation is direct and completely dependent of liver KIC dioxygenase. Following this pathway, HMB in the cytosol is first converted to cytosolic β-hydroxy-β-methylglutaryl-CoA (HMG-CoA), which can then be directed for cholesterol synthesis (Rudney 1957) (Fig. 1). In fact, numerous biochemical studies have shown that HMB is a precursor of cholesterol (Zabin and Bloch 1951; Nissen et al. 2000).
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↑  . . Royal Society of Chemistry. 2015  [10 August 2016]. （原始内容存档于2016-08-11）. Experimental Boiling Point: ... 128 °C / 7 mm ...
Experimental solubility:
Soluble in water
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