印度-帕提亞王國
参考资料 > 參考文獻

Schwartzberg, Joseph E. . Chicago: University of Chicago Press. 1978: 145, map XIV.1 (f)  [2021-07-23]. ISBN 0226742210. （原始内容存档于2021-02-24）.
↑  Schwartzberg, Joseph E. . Chicago: University of Chicago Press. 1978: 145, map XIV.1 (f)  [2021-07-23]. ISBN 0226742210. （原始内容存档于2021-02-24）.
↑  Gazerani 2015，第26頁.
↑  Rezakhani 2017，第35頁.
↑  Olbrycht 2016，第25頁.
↑  Photographic reference: "The dynastic art of the Kushans", Rosenfield, figures 278–279
↑  The chronology of the Gondopharid kings has long been uncertain, predominantly based on coins. This reconstruction is based on "Indo-Scythian Coins and History IV" by Robert Senior, CNG 2006, as the four volumes of Senior's work provide an almost complete catalogue of the coinage of the period. Senior's chronology is based on the existence of only one king Azes, a theory that was vindicated when it was shown that a coin of the so-called Azes II was overstruck with a type attributed to Azes I (see Senior, "The final nail in the coffin of Azes II", Journal of the Oriental Numismatic Society 197, 2008).
↑  Rosenfield, p129
↑  A votive inscription of the 26th year of Guduvhara or Gondophares, is reported to have been found on a stone at Takht-i-Bahi, northeast of Peshawar with a date in the year 103 of an unspecified era reckoning. This era is likely to have been the Malva or Vikrama era, founded in 57 BCE, this would give a date of 20 CE for this king's ascension (see Hindu calendar). The stone was formerly in the museum at Lahore. The point is especially important for those Christians who consider that a germ of history is embedded in the Acts of Thomas.
↑  Gazerani 2015，第26-27頁.
↑  see Senior, "The final nail in the coffin of Azes II".
↑ Description of the Hellenistic urbanism of Taxila:
"Taxila, they tell us, is about as big as Nineveh, and was fortified fairly well after the manner of Greek cities" (Life of Apollonius Tyana, II 20) （页面存档备份，存于）
"I have already described the way in which the city is walled, but they say that it was divided up into narrow streets in the same irregular manner as in Athens, and that the houses were built in such a way that if you look at them from outside they had only one story, while if you went into one of them, you at once found subterranean chambers extending as far below the level of the earth as did the chambers above." (Life of Apollonius Tyana, II 23) （页面存档备份，存于）
↑  .   [2018-11-03]. （原始内容存档于2016-03-07）.
↑  .   [2018-11-03]. （原始内容存档于2016-03-03）.
↑  . Fordham.edu.   [2012-03-14]. （原始内容存档于2014-08-14）.
↑  Rosenfield, p130.
↑  Gazerani, Saghi. . Brill. : 111  [9 January 2019]. ISBN 9789004282964. （原始内容存档于2019-01-09） （英语）.
↑  Gondophares I Indological researches in India: selected works of Prof. K.D. Bajpai
↑  Anthropological Papers of the American Museum of Natural History, Volume 46 Pg. 274
↑  .   [2019-12-25]. （原始内容存档于2020-06-01）.
↑  Described in "Rome's enemies, Parthians and Sassanid Persians", ISBN 0-85045-688-6
↑  "Parthians, from about the 1st century AD, seem to have preferred to show off their carefully tonsured hair, usually only wearing a fillet of thick ribbon; before then, the Scythian cap or bashlyk was worn more frequently". In "Parthians and Sassanid Parthians" Peter Willcox ISBN 0-85045-688-6, p12
↑  Pierfrancesco Gallieri, in "Crossroads of Asia": "The parallels are so striking that it is not excluded that the objects discovered in Taxila and dated to between the 1st century BCE and the 1st century CE were in reality produced earlier, maybe by artisans who had followed the Greeks kings during their retreat from Bactria to India" p211 (in French in the original)
↑  "Let us remind that in Sirkap, stone palettes were found at all excavated levels. On the contrary, neither Bhir-Mound, the Maurya city preceding Sirkap on the Taxila site, nor Sirsukh, the Kushan city succeeding her, did deliver any stone palettes during their excavations", in "Les palettes du Gandhara", p89. "The terminal point after which such palettes are not manufactured anymore is probably located during the Kushan period. In effect, neither Mathura nor Taxila (although the Sirsukh had only been little excavated), nor Begram, nor Surkh Kotal, neither the great Kushan archaeological sites of Soviet Central Asia or Afghanistan have yielded such objects. Only four palettes have been found in Kushan-period archaeological sites. They come from secondary sites, such as Garav Kala and Ajvadz in Soviet Tajikistan and Jhukar, in the Indus Valley, and Dalverzin Tepe. They are rather roughly made." In "Les Palettes du Gandhara", Henri-Paul Francfort, p91. (in French in the original)