元素氧化态列表
参考资料

↑  Te(V)曾被Greenwood and Earnshaw提及，但他們沒有舉出任何Te(V)化合物的例子。而長久以來被認為是十氟化二碲（英语：）（Te2F10）的物質實際上是雙(五氟碲基)氧化物：F5TeOTeF5，參見：Watkins, P. M. . Journal of Chemical Education. 1974, 51 (9): 520–521. Bibcode:1974JChEd..51..520W. doi:10.1021/ed051p520.  不過，Te(V)已在HTeO−
、TeO−
、HTeO−
2及TeO−
3中觀察到，參見：Kläning, Ulrik K.; Sehested, K. . The Journal of Physical Chemistry A. 2001, 105 (27): 6637–45  [2023-05-28]. Bibcode:2001JPCA..105.6637K. doi:10.1021/jp010577i. （原始内容存档于2019-03-22）.
↑  I(II)已知存在於一氧化物（IO）中，參見：Nikitin, I V. . Russian Chemical Reviews. 31 August 2008, 77 (8): 739–749. Bibcode:2008RuCRv..77..739N. doi:10.1070/RC2008v077n08ABEH003788.
↑  I(IV)已在二氧化碘（IO2）中觀察到，參見：Pauling, Linus. .  3rd. Dover Publications, Inc. 1988: 259. ISBN 978-0-486-65622-9.
↑  I(VI)已在IO3、IO42−、H5IO6−、H2IO52−、H4IO62−及HIO53−中觀察到，參見：Kläning, Ulrik K.; Sehested, Knud; Wolff, Thomas. . J. Chem. Soc., Faraday Trans. 1. 1981, 77 (7): 1707–18. doi:10.1039/F19817701707.
↑  氙化合物
↑  Xe(0)已在四氙合金(II)離子（AuXe42+）中觀察到。
↑  Xe(I)曾被報告存在於六氟合鉑酸氙及六氟合銠酸氙中（參閱 Pauling, Linus.  3rd. Dover Publications, Inc. 1988: 250. ISBN 978-0-486-65622-9. ）, 然而後來的研究發現這些化合物中所含的是Xe(II)。
↑  Ba(I)已在一氟化鋇（BaF）中觀察到，參見：P. Colarusso; Guo, B.; Zhang, K.-Q.; Bernath, P.F.;  et al.  (PDF). Journal of Molecular Spectroscopy. 1995, 170 (1): 59. Bibcode:1996JMoSp.175..158C. doi:10.1006/jmsp.1996.0019. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2005-03-10）.
1 2 3 4  La(I)、Pr(I)、Tb(I)、Tm(I)及Yb(I)已在MB8−簇合物中觀察到，參見：Li, Wan-Lu; Chen, Teng-Teng; Chen, Wei-Jia; Li, Jun; Wang, Lai-Sheng. . Nature Communications. 2021, 12: 6467  [2023-05-28]. doi:10.1038/s41467-021-26785-9. （原始内容存档于2022-09-26）.
↑  Pr(I)已在[PrB4]−中觀察到，參見：Chen, Xin; Chen, Teng-Teng; Li, Wang-Lu; Lu, Jun-Bo; Zhao, Li-Juan; Jian, Tian; Hu, Han-Shi; Wang, Lai-Sheng; Li, Jun. . Inorganic Chemistry. 2018-12-13, 58 (1): 411–418. PMID 30543295. S2CID 56148031. doi:10.1021/acs.inorgchem.8b02572.
↑  Pr(V)已在[PrO2]+中觀察到，參見：Zhang, Qingnan; Hu, Shu-Xian; Qu, Hui; Su, Jing; Wang, Guanjun; Lu, Jun-Bo; Chen, Mohua; Zhou, Mingfei; Li, Jun. . Angewandte Chemie International Edition. 2016-06-06, 55 (24): 6896–6900. ISSN 1521-3773. PMID 27100273. doi:10.1002/anie.201602196.
↑  Hu, Shu-Xian; Jian, Jiwen; Su, Jing; Wu, Xuan; Li, Jun; Zhou, Mingfei. . Chemical Science. 2017, 8 (5): 4035–4043. ISSN 2041-6520. PMC 5434915 . PMID 28580119. doi:10.1039/C7SC00710H （英语）.
↑  Nd(IV)已在不穩定的固體化合物中觀察到，參見：Holleman, Arnold Frederik; Wiberg, Egon, Wiberg, Nils , 编, , 由Eagleson, Mary; Brewer, William翻译, San Diego/Berlin: Academic Press/De Gruyter, 2001, ISBN 0-12-352651-5
1 2 3 4 5  所有鑭系元素（鑭至鎦）的+2氧化態均已在其二鹵化物和鹼土金屬二鹵化物形成的稀固溶體中（參閱：Holleman, Arnold Frederik; Wiberg, Egon, Wiberg, Nils , 编, , 由Eagleson, Mary; Brewer, William翻译, San Diego/Berlin: Academic Press/De Gruyter, 2001, ISBN 0-12-352651-5 ，鑭、釓、鎦除外）以及其有機金屬分子錯合物中（鉕除外）觀察到，參見：Lanthanides Topple Assumptions （页面存档备份，存于） and Meyer, G. . Angewandte Chemie International Edition. 2014, 53 (14): 3550–51. PMID 24616202. doi:10.1002/anie.201311325. 。此外，雖然所有鑭系元素皆形成二氫化物（LnH2）、二碳化物（LnC2）、一硫化物（LnS）、一硒化物（LnSe）和一碲化物（LnTe），但對於大多數鑭系元素，這些化合物中的鑭系離子實為+3態，伴隨著離域至導帶的電子，例如：Ln3+(H−)2(e−)。
↑  SmB6-團簇陰離子已被報告，其中含有罕見的+1態釤，參見：Paul, J. Robinson; Xinxing, Zhang; Tyrel, McQueen; Kit, H. Bowen; Anastassia, N. Alexandrova. . J. Phys. Chem. A 2017, 121, 8, 1849–1854. 2017, 121 (8): 1849–1854  [2023-05-28]. （原始内容存档于2022-09-25）. .
↑  Dy(IV)已在不穩定的固態化合物中觀察到，參見：Holleman, Arnold Frederik; Wiberg, Egon, Wiberg, Nils , 编, , 由Eagleson, Mary; Brewer, William翻译, San Diego/Berlin: Academic Press/De Gruyter, 2001, ISBN 0-12-352651-5
↑  Hf(I)已在一溴化鉿（HfBr）中觀察到，參見：Marek, G.S.; Troyanov, S.I.; Tsirel'nikov, V.I. . Журнал неорганической химии / Russian Journal of Inorganic Chemistry. 1979, 24 (4): 890–893  [2023-05-28]. （原始内容存档于2020-08-01） （俄语）.
↑  Os(−1)已在Na[Os(CO)
13]中觀察到，參見：Krause, J.; Siriwardane, Upali; Salupo, Terese A.; Wermer, Joseph R.; Knoeppel, David W.; Shore, Sheldon G. . Journal of Organometallic Chemistry. 1993, 454 (1–2): 263–271. doi:10.1016/0022-328X(93)83250-Y.  and Carter, Willie J.; Kelland, John W.; Okrasinski, Stanley J.; Warner, Keith E.; Norton, Jack R. . Inorganic Chemistry. 1982, 21 (11): 3955–3960. doi:10.1021/ic00141a019.
↑  Ir(−3)已在Ir(CO)33−已在一溴化鉿 (HfBr) 中觀察到，參見：Greenwood, N. N.; Earnshaw, A.  2nd. Oxford:Butterworth-Heinemann. 1997: 1117. ISBN 0-7506-3365-4.
↑  Ir(VII)已在[(η2-O2)IrO2]+中觀察到，參見：C&EN: Iridium dressed to the nines （页面存档备份，存于）.
↑  Ir(VIII)已在四氧化銥（IrO4）中觀察到，參見：Gong, Yu; Zhou, Mingfei; Kaupp, Martin; Riedel, Sebastian. . Angewandte Chemie International Edition. 2009, 48 (42): 7879–7883. PMID 19593837. doi:10.1002/anie.200902733.
↑  Ir(IX)已在IrO+
4中觀察到，參見：Wang, Guanjun; Zhou, Mingfei; Goettel, James T.; Schrobilgen, Gary G.; Su, Jing; Li, Jun; Schlöder, Tobias; Riedel, Sebastian. . Nature. 21 August 2014, 514 (7523): 475–477. Bibcode:2014Natur.514..475W. PMID 25341786. S2CID 4463905. doi:10.1038/nature13795.
↑  Pt(−1)及Pt(−2)已分別在鋇的鉑化物BaPt及Ba2Pt中觀察到，參見：Karpov, Andrey; Konuma, Mitsuharu; Jansen, Martin. . Chemical Communications. 2006, (8): 838–840. PMID 16479284. doi:10.1039/b514631c.
↑  Pt(I)及Pt(III)已在雙金屬及多金屬物質中中觀察到，參見：Kauffman, George B.; Thurner, Joseph J.; Zatko, David A. . Inorganic Syntheses 9. 1967: 182–185. ISBN 978-0-470-13240-1. doi:10.1002/9780470132401.ch51.
↑  Au(0)已被觀察到，參見：Mézaille, Nicolas; Avarvari, Narcis; Maigrot, Nicole; Ricard, Louis; Mathey, François; Le Floch, Pascal; Cataldo, Laurent; Berclaz, Théo; Geoffroy, Michel. . Angewandte Chemie International Edition. 1999, 38 (21): 3194–3197. PMID 10556900. doi:10.1002/(SICI)1521-3773(19991102)38:21<3194::AID-ANIE3194>3.0.CO;2-O.
↑  Hg(IV)曾被報告發現存在於四氟化汞（HgF4）中，參見：Xuefang Wang; Lester Andrews; Sebastian Riedel; Martin Kaupp. . Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2007, 46 (44): 8371–8375. PMID 17899620. doi:10.1002/anie.200703710. 但之後的實驗無法證實該發現，參閱：Is mercury a transition metal? 的存檔，存档日期2016-10-12.
↑  Tl(−5)已在Na23K9Tl15.3中觀察到，參見：Dong, Z.-C.; Corbett, J. D. . Inorganic Chemistry. 1996, 35 (11): 3107–12. PMID 11666505. doi:10.1021/ic960014z.
↑  Tl(−1)已在鉈化銫（CsTl）中觀察到，參見：King, R. B.; Schleyer, R. . Driess, M.; Nöth, H.  (编). . Wiley-VCH, Chichester. 2004: 19. ISBN 978-3-527-61437-0.
↑  Tl(+2)已在四(超甲矽烷基)二鉈（[(Me3Si)Si]2Tl—Tl[Si(SiMe3)]2）中觀察到，參見：Sonja Henkel; Dr. Karl Wilhelm Klinkhammer; Dr. Wolfgang Schwarz. . Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 1994, 33 (6): 681–683. doi:10.1002/anie.199406811.
↑  Pb(−2)已在BaPb中觀察到，參見：Ferro, Riccardo. Nicholas C. Norman , 编. . Elsevier. 2008: 505. ISBN 978-0-08-044099-6.  and Todorov, Iliya; Sevov, Slavi C. . Inorganic Chemistry. 2004, 43 (20): 6490–94. doi:10.1021/ic000333x.
↑  含Pb(0)的羰基錯合物已在鉛原子和一氧化碳間的反應中觀察到，參見：Ling, Jiang; Qiang, Xu. . The Journal of Chemical Physics. 122 (3): 034505. 2005, 122 (3): 34505  [2023-05-28]. Bibcode:2005JChPh.122c4505J. ISSN 0021-9606. PMID 15740207. doi:10.1063/1.1834915. （原始内容存档于2022-11-08）.
↑  Pb(+1)及Pb(+3)已在有機鉛化合物中觀察到，如六甲基二鉛烷（Pb2(CH3)6）等；有關Pb(I)的資訊，參閱：Siew-Peng Chia; Hong-Wei Xi; Yongxin Li; Kok Hwa Lim; Cheuk-Wai So. . Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2013, 52 (24): 6298–6301. PMID 23629949. doi:10.1002/anie.201301954.
↑  Bi(−2)及Bi(−1)存在於津特耳相中，例如(Ca2+)22[Bi4]4−([Bi2]4−)4[Bi3−]8；參閱：Ponou, Siméon. . Technische Universität München. Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Chemie mit Schwerpunkt Neue Materialien. 2006: 68  [2023-05-28]. （原始内容存档于2015-02-21）.
↑  Bi(0)已知存在於二鉍烯的N-雜環碳烯錯合物中，參見：Deka, Rajesh; Orthaber, Andreas. . Royal Society of Chemistry. May 6, 2022, (51): 8540  [2023-05-28]. doi:10.1039/d2dt00755j. （原始内容存档于2022-09-22）.
↑  Bi(I)已在一溴化鉍（BiBr）及一碘化鉍（BiI）中觀察到，參見：Godfrey, S. M.; McAuliffe, C. A.; Mackie, A. G.; Pritchard, R. G. Nicholas C. Norman , 编. . Springer. 1998: 67–84. ISBN 978-0-7514-0389-3.
↑  Bi(+2)已在dibismuthine（R2Bi—BiR2）中觀察到，參見：Arthur J. Ashe III.  30. 1990: 77–97. ISBN 9780120311309. doi:10.1016/S0065-3055(08)60499-2.  |journal=被忽略 (帮助)
↑  Bi(IV)已被觀察到，參見：A. I. Aleksandrov, I. E. Makarov. . Bulletin of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Division of Chemical Science. 1987, 36 (2): 217–220. S2CID 94865394. doi:10.1007/BF00959349.
↑  Po(V)已在dioxidopolonium(1+)（PoO+
）中觀察到，參見：Thayer, John S. . . Challenges and Advances in Computational Chemistry and Physics 10. 2010: 78. ISBN 978-1-4020-9974-8. doi:10.1007/978-1-4020-9975-5_2.
↑  Rn(II)已在二氟化氡（RnF2）中觀察到，參見：Stein, L. . Science. 1970, 168 (3929): 362–4. Bibcode:1970Sci...168..362S. PMID 17809133. S2CID 31959268. doi:10.1126/science.168.3929.362.  and Kenneth S. Pitzer. . J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 1975, (18): 760b – 761  [2023-05-28]. doi:10.1039/C3975000760b. （原始内容存档于2021-12-08）.
↑  Greenwood and Earnshaw報告了Rn(IV)，但其存在尚未獲得證實，參閱：Sykes, A. G. .  46. Academic Press. 1998: 91–93  [22 November 2012]. ISBN 978-0-12-023646-6.
↑  Rn(VI)已知存在於三氧化氡（RnO3），參見：Sykes, A. G. .  46. Academic Press. 1998: 91–93  [22 November 2012]. ISBN 978-0-12-023646-6.
↑  Th(-I)及U(-I)已在氣相中以八羰基陰離子的形式被檢測到，參見：Chaoxian, Chi; Sudip, Pan; Jiaye, Jin; Luyan, Meng; Mingbiao, Luo; Lili, Zhao; Mingfei, Zhou; Gernot, Frenking. . Chemistry (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany). 25 (50): 11772–11784. 2019, 25 (50): 11772–11784. ISSN 0947-6539. PMC 6772027 . PMID 31276242. doi:10.1002/chem.201902625.
↑  Th(I)已知存在於溴化釷(I)（ThBr）中，參見：Wickleder, Mathias S.; Fourest, Blandine; Dorhout, Peter K. . Morss, Lester R.; Edelstein, Norman M.; Fuger, Jean  (编).  (PDF) 3 3rd. Dordrecht, the Netherlands: Springer. 2006: 52–160. ISBN 978-1-4020-3555-5. doi:10.1007/1-4020-3598-5_3. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2016-03-07）.
↑  Th(II)及Th(III)已在[ThII{η5-C5H3(SiMe3)2}3]−及[ThIII{η5-C5H3(SiMe3)2}3]中觀察到，參見：Langeslay, Ryan R.; Fieser, Megan E.; Ziller, Joseph W.; Furche, Philip; Evans, William J. . Chem. Sci. 2015, 6 (1): 517–521. PMC 5811171 . PMID 29560172. doi:10.1039/C4SC03033H.
↑  Pa(II)存在於氧化鏷(II)中。
↑  Th(-I)及U(-I)已在氣相中以八羰基陰離子的形式被檢測到，參見：Chaoxian, Chi; Sudip, Pan; Jiaye, Jin; Luyan, Meng; Mingbiao, Luo; Lili, Zhao; Mingfei, Zhou; Gernot, Frenking. . Chemistry (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany). 25 (50): 11772–11784. 2019, 25 (50): 11772–11784. ISSN 0947-6539. PMC 6772027 . PMID 31276242. doi:10.1002/chem.201902625.
↑  U(I)已在一氟化鈾（UF）及一氯化鈾（UCl）中觀察到，參見：Sykes, A. G. .  34. Academic Press. 1990: 87–88  [22 March 2015]. ISBN 978-0-12-023634-3.
↑  U(II)已在[K(2.2.2-Cryptand)][(C5H4SiMe3)3U]中觀察到，參見：MacDonald, Matthew R.; Fieser, Megan E.; Bates, Jefferson E.; Ziller, Joseph W.; Furche, Filipp; Evans, William J. . J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2013, 135 (36): 13310–13313. PMID 23984753. doi:10.1021/ja406791t.
↑  Np(II)、Np(III)及Np(IV)已被觀察到，參見：Dutkiewicz, Michał S.; Apostolidis, Christos; Walter, Olaf; Arnold, Polly L. . Chem. Sci. 2017, 8 (4): 2553–2561. PMC 5431675 . PMID 28553487. doi:10.1039/C7SC00034K.
↑  Pu(II)已在{Pu[C5H3(SiMe3)2]3}−中觀察到，參見：Windorff, Cory J.; Chen, Guo P; Cross, Justin N; Evans, William J.; Furche, Filipp; Gaunt, Andrew J.; Janicke, Michael T.; Kozimor, Stosh A.; Scott, Brian L. . J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2017, 139 (11): 3970–3973. PMID 28235179. doi:10.1021/jacs.7b00706.
↑  Pu(VIII)已在PuO
4中觀察到，參見：Nikonov, M. V.; Kiselev, Yu. M.; Tananaev, I. G.; Myasoedov, B. F. . Doklady Chemistry. March 2011, 437 (1): 69–71. S2CID 95951175. doi:10.1134/S0012500811030104. ，以及 Kiselev, Yu. M.; Nikonov, M. V.; Dolzhenko, V. D.; Ermilov, A. Yu.; Tananaev, I. G.; Myasoedov, B. F. . Radiochimica Acta. 17 January 2014, 102 (3): 227–237. S2CID 100915090. doi:10.1515/ract-2014-2146.
↑  Am(VII)已在AmO−
5中觀察到，參見：Americium （页面存档备份，存于）, Das Periodensystem der Elemente für den Schulgebrauch (The periodic table of elements for schools) chemie-master.de (in German), Retrieved 28 November 2010 and Greenwood, N. N.; Earnshaw, A.  2nd. Oxford:Butterworth-Heinemann. 1997: 1265. ISBN 0-7506-3365-4.
1 2 3  Cm(V)、Bk(V)及Cf(V)已在BkO2+、CfO2+、CmO2(NO3)2−、BkO2(NO3)2−及CfO2(NO3)2−中觀察到，參見：Dau, Phuong Diem; Vasiliu, Monica; Peterson, Kirk A; Dixon, David A; Gibsoon, John K. . Chemistry - A European Journal. October 2017, 23 (68): 17369–17378  [2023-05-28]. PMID 29024093. doi:10.1002/chem.201704193. （原始内容存档于2023-03-26）.
1 2 3  Kovács, Attila; Dau, Phuong D.; Marçalo, Joaquim; Gibson, John K. . Inorg. Chem. (American Chemical Society). 2018, 57 (15): 9453–9467. OSTI 1631597. PMID 30040397. S2CID 51717837. doi:10.1021/acs.inorgchem.8b01450.
↑  Cm(VI)已在三氧化鋦（CmO3）及二氧化鋦(2+)離子（CmO+
2）中觀察到，參見：Domanov, V. P.; Lobanov, Yu. V. . Radiochemistry. October 2011, 53 (5): 453–6. S2CID 98052484. doi:10.1134/S1066362211050018.
↑  Cm(VIII)曾被報告可能存在於四氧化鋦（CmO4）中，參閱：Domanov, V. P. . Radiochemistry. January 2013, 55 (1): 46–51. S2CID 98076989. doi:10.1134/S1066362213010098. 然而，後續的實驗顯示該物質似乎不存在：Zaitsevskii, Andréi; Schwarz, W H Eugen. . Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics. April 2014, 2014 (16): 8997–9001. Bibcode:2014PCCP...16.8997Z. PMID 24695756. doi:10.1039/c4cp00235k.
↑  Peterson, J. R.; Hobart, D. E. . Emeléus, Harry Julius  (编).  28. Academic Press. 1984: 29–64. ISBN 978-0-12-023628-2. doi:10.1016/S0898-8838(08)60204-4.
↑  Peterson 1984，第55頁. sfn error: no target: CITEREFPeterson1984 (help)
↑  Sullivan, Jim C.; Schmidt, K. H.; Morss, L. R.; Pippin, C. G.; Williams, C. . Inorganic Chemistry. 1988, 27 (4): 597. doi:10.1021/ic00277a005.
↑  Es(IV)已知存在於氟化鑀(IV)（EsF4）中，參見：Kleinschmidt, P. . Journal of Alloys and Compounds. 1994,. 213–214: 169–172  [2023-05-28]. doi:10.1016/0925-8388(94)90898-2. （原始内容存档于2020-03-16）.
↑  Db(V)已在五氯化𨧀（DbCl5）中觀察到，參見：H. W. Gäggeler.  (PDF). Paul Scherrer Institute: 26–28. 2007. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2012-02-20）.
↑  Sg(VI)已在氫氧化氧𨭎（SgO2(OH)2）中觀察到，參見：Huebener, S.; Taut, S.; Vahle, A.; Dressler, R.; Eichler, B.; Gäggeler, H. W.; Jost, D.T.; Piguet, D.;  et al.  (PDF). Radiochim. Acta. 2001, 89 (11–12_2001): 737–741. S2CID 98583998. doi:10.1524/ract.2001.89.11-12.737. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2014-10-25）.
↑  Sg(0)已在六羰基𨭎（Sg(CO)6）中觀察到，參見：Even, J.; Yakushev, A.; Dullmann, C. E.; Haba, H.; Asai, M.; Sato, T. K.; Brand, H.; Di Nitto, A.; Eichler, R.; Fan, F. L.; Hartmann, W.; Huang, M.; Jager, E.; Kaji, D.; Kanaya, J.; Kaneya, Y.; Khuyagbaatar, J.; Kindler, B.; Kratz, J. V.; Krier, J.; Kudou, Y.; Kurz, N.; Lommel, B.; Miyashita, S.; Morimoto, K.; Morita, K.; Murakami, M.; Nagame, Y.; Nitsche, H.;  et al. . Science. 2014, 345 (6203): 1491–3. Bibcode:2014Sci...345.1491E. PMID 25237098. S2CID 206558746. doi:10.1126/science.1255720.
↑  Bh(VII)已在氯氧化𨨏（BhO3Cl）中觀察到，參見："Gas chemical investigation of bohrium (Bh, element 107)" 的存檔，存档日期2008-02-28., Eichler et al., GSI Annual Report 2000. Retrieved on 2008-02-29
↑  Hs(VIII)已在四氧化𨭆（HsO4）中觀察到，參見： (PDF). Gesellschaft für Schwerionenforschung mbH. 2002  [2007-01-31]. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2012-03-11）.
↑  Cn(II)已在硒化鎶（CnSe）中觀察到，參見： (PDF). Paul Scherrer Institute: 3. 2015  [2023-05-28]. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2016-12-20）.
↑  Langmuir, Irving. . Journal of the American Chemical Society. 1919-06, 41 (6): 868–934  [2022-03-25]. ISSN 0002-7863. doi:10.1021/ja02227a002. （原始内容存档于2020-05-09） （英语）.