現代標準漢語音系
元音 > 同位異音

同位異音（即同一元音在特定語音環境中的不同發音方式）在不同來源之間有不同的轉錄方式。下表提供了一組典型的描述（不包括兒化音）。
| 音節核> 介音 | 音節核> 介音 | /i/> ∅ | /i/> ∅ | /u/> ∅ | /u/> ∅ | /u/> /j/ | /u/> /j/ | /y/> ∅ | /y/> ∅ | /ə/> ∅ | /ə/> ∅ | /ə/> /j/ | /ə/> /j/ | /ə/> /w/ | /ə/> /w/ | /ə/> /ɥ/ | /ə/> /ɥ/ | /a/> ∅ | /a/> ∅ | /a/> /j/ | /a/> /j/ | /a/> /w/ | /a/> /w/ | /a/> /ɥ/ | /a/> /ɥ/ | 音節輔音 | 音節輔音 |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 音節尾 | ∅ | [i] | [i] | [u] | [u] | 　 | 　 | [y] | [y] | [ɤ] | [ɤ] | [je̞] | [je̞] | [wo̞] | [wo̞] | [ɥœ̜] | [ɥœ̜] | [a] | [a] | [jä] | [jä] | [wä] | [wä] | 　 | 　 | [ɹ̩~ɻ̩] | [ɹ̩~ɻ̩] |
| 音節尾 | ∅ | yi | ㄧ | wu | ㄨ | 　 | 　 | yu | ㄩ | e | ㄜ | ye | ㄧㄝ | wo | ㄨㄛ | yue | ㄩㄝ | a | ㄚ | ya | ㄧㄚ | wa | ㄨㄚ | 　 | 　 | 　 | ㄭ3 |
| 音節尾 | ∅ | -i | ㄧ | -u | ㄨ | 　 | 　 | -ü1 | ㄩ | -e | ㄜ | -ie | ㄧㄝ | -uo／-o2 | ㄨㄛ／ㄛ2 | -üe1 | ㄩㄝ | -a | ㄚ | -ia | ㄧㄚ | -ua | ㄨㄚ | 　 | 　 | -i | ㄭ3 |
| 音節尾 | /i/ | 　 | 　 | 　 | 　 | 　 | 　 | 　 | 　 | [ei̯] | [ei̯] | 　 | 　 | [wei̯] | [wei̯] | 　 | 　 | [ai̯] | [ai̯] | 　 | 　 | [wai̯] | [wai̯] | 　 | 　 |  |  |
| 音節尾 | /i/ | 　 | 　 | 　 | 　 | 　 | 　 | 　 | 　 | ei | ㄟ | 　 | 　 | wei | ㄨㄟ | 　 | 　 | ai | ㄞ | 　 | 　 | wai | ㄨㄞ | 　 | 　 |  |  |
| 音節尾 | /i/ | 　 | 　 | 　 | 　 | 　 | 　 | 　 | 　 | -ei | ㄟ | 　 | 　 | -ui | ㄨㄟ | 　 | 　 | -ai | ㄞ | 　 | 　 | -uai | ㄨㄞ | 　 | 　 |  |  |
| 音節尾 | /u/ | 　 | 　 | 　 | 　 | 　 | 　 | 　 | 　 | [ou̯] | [ou̯] | [jou̯] | [jou̯] | 　 | 　 | 　 | 　 | [ɑu̯] | [ɑu̯] | [jɑu̯] | [jɑu̯] | 　 | 　 | 　 | 　 |  |  |
| 音節尾 | /u/ | 　 | 　 | 　 | 　 | 　 | 　 | 　 | 　 | ou | ㄡ | you | ㄧㄡ | 　 | 　 | 　 | 　 | ao | ㄠ | yao | ㄧㄠ | 　 | 　 | 　 | 　 |  |  |
| 音節尾 | /u/ | 　 | 　 | 　 | 　 | 　 | 　 | 　 | 　 | -ou | ㄡ | -iu | ㄧㄡ | 　 | 　 | 　 | 　 | -ao | ㄠ | -iao | ㄧㄠ | 　 | 　 | 　 | 　 |  |  |
| 音節尾 | /n/ | [in] | [in] | 　 | 　 | 　 | 　 | [yn] | [yn] | [ən] | [ən] | 　 | 　 | [wən] | [wən] | 　 | 　 | [an] | [an] | [jɛn] | [jɛn] | [wan] | [wan] | [ɥœ̜n] | [ɥœ̜n] |  |  |
| 音節尾 | /n/ | yin | ㄧㄣ | 　 | 　 | 　 | 　 | yun | ㄩㄣ | en | ㄣ | 　 | 　 | wen | ㄨㄣ | 　 | 　 | an | ㄢ | yan | ㄧㄢ | wan | ㄨㄢ | yuan | ㄩㄢ |  |  |
| 音節尾 | /n/ | -in | ㄧㄣ | 　 | 　 | 　 | 　 | -ün1 | ㄩㄣ | -en | ㄣ | 　 | 　 | -un | ㄨㄣ | 　 | 　 | -an | ㄢ | -ian | ㄧㄢ | -uan | ㄨㄢ | -üan1 4 | ㄩㄢ |  |  |
| 音節尾 | /ŋ/ | [iŋ] | [iŋ] | [ʊŋ] | [ʊŋ] | [jʊŋ] | [jʊŋ] | 　 | 　 | [ɤ̞ŋ] | [ɤ̞ŋ] | 　 | 　 | [wɤ̞ŋ] | [wɤ̞ŋ] | 　 | 　 | [ɑŋ] | [ɑŋ] | [jɑŋ] | [jɑŋ] | [wɑŋ] | [wɑŋ] | 　 | 　 |  |  |
| 音節尾 | /ŋ/ | ying | ㄧㄥ | 　 | 　 | yong | ㄩㄥ | 　 | 　 | eng | ㄥ | 　 | 　 | weng | ㄨㄥ | 　 | 　 | ang | ㄤ | yang | ㄧㄤ | wang | ㄨㄤ | 　 | 　 |  |  |
| 音節尾 | /ŋ/ | -ing | ㄧㄥ | -ong | ㄨㄥ | -iong | ㄩㄥ | 　 | 　 | -eng | ㄥ | 　 | 　 | 　 | 　 | 　 | 　 | -ang | ㄤ | -iang | ㄧㄤ | -uang | ㄨㄤ | 　 | 　 |  |  |
下表提供了關於單一元音之同位異音的更多細節。
| 音位 | 同位異音 | 描述（英文） |
| --- | --- | --- |
| /i/ | [i] | 如英文be |
| /u/ | [u] | 如英文do |
| /u/ | [ʊ] | 根據使用者的語音習慣，此音介於[o]與[u]之間。 |
| /y/ | [y] | 如法語的u或德語的ü |
| /ǝ/ | [e̞] | 如英文bed |
| /ǝ/ | [o̞] | 如英式英語的awe |
| /ǝ/ | [ɤ] | 發音同[ɰʌ] |
| /ǝ/ | [ə] | 中央元音，如英文about |
| /a/ | [ä] | 類似英文out |
| /a/ | [ɑ] | 如英文father |
| /a/ | [ɛ] | 根據使用者的語音習慣，此音介於[e]與[a]之間。 |
| /a/ | [œ̜] | 根據使用者的語音習慣，此音為[ɛ]之圓唇音。 |
作為通則，在開音節（指元音後沒有音節尾的音節）中的元音長度較長，其他情況中則較短。此規則並不適用於弱音節（即聲調為輕聲的字），在弱音節中，所有元音都非常短。