异性恋
參考資料

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1 2 3  Lamanna, Mary Ann; Riedmann, Agnes; Stewart, Susan D. . Cengage Learning. 2014: 82  [2016-02-11]. ISBN 978-1-305-17689-8. （原始内容存档于2016-11-30）. The reason some individuals develop a gay sexual identity has not been definitively established  – nor do we yet understand the development of heterosexuality. The American Psychological Association (APA) takes the position that a variety of factors impact a person's sexuality. The most recent literature from the APA says that sexual orientation is not a choice that can be changed at will, and that sexual orientation is most likely the result of a complex interaction of environmental, cognitive and biological factors...is shaped at an early age...[and evidence suggests] biological, including genetic or inborn hormonal factors, play a significant role in a person's sexuality (American Psychological Association 2010).
1 2  Gail Wiscarz Stuart. . Elsevier Health Sciences. 2014: 502  [2016-02-11]. ISBN 978-0-323-29412-6. （原始内容存档于2016-11-30）. No conclusive evidence supports any one specific cause of homosexuality; however, most researchers agree that biological and social factors influence the development of sexual orientation.
1 2  Gloria Kersey-Matusiak. . Springer Publishing Company. 2012: 169  [2016-02-10]. ISBN 978-0-8261-9381-0. （原始内容存档于2016-11-30）. Most health and mental health organizations do not view sexual orientation as a 'choice.'
1 2  LeVay, Simon. . Oxford University Press. 2017  [2019-07-30]. ISBN 9780199752966. （原始内容存档于2020-10-22）.
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↑  Katz, Jonathan Ned (1995) The Invention of Heterosexuality, p. 92. New York, NY: Dutton (Penguin Books). ISBN 0-525-93845-1
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↑  Bogaert AF. . Journal of Theoretical Biology. 2004, 230 (1): 33–7. PMID 15275997. doi:10.1016/j.jtbi.2004.04.035.  Bogaert argues that: "The prevalence of male homosexuality is debated. One widely reported early estimate was 10% (e.g., Marmor, 1980; Voeller, 1990). Some recent data provided support for this estimate (Bagley and Tremblay, 1998), but most recent large national samples suggest that the prevalence of male homosexuality in modern western societies, including the United States, is lower than this early estimate (e.g., 1–2% in Billy et al., 1993; 2–3% in Laumann et al., 1994; 6% in Sell et al., 1995; 1–3% in Wellings et al., 1994). It is of note, however, that homosexuality is defined in different ways in these studies. For example, some use same-sex behavior and not same-sex attraction as the operational definition of homosexuality (e.g., Billy et al., 1993); many sex researchers (e.g., Bailey et al., 2000; Bogaert, 2003; Money, 1988; Zucker and Bradley, 1995) now emphasize attraction over overt behavior in conceptualizing sexual orientation." (p. 33) Also: "...the prevalence of male homosexuality (in particular, same-sex attraction) varies over time and across societies (and hence is a "moving target") in part because of two effects: (1) variations in fertility rate or family size; and (2) the fraternal birth order effect. Thus, even if accurately measured in one country at one time, the rate of male homosexuality is subject to change and is not generalizable over time or across societies." (p. 33)
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↑
Bailey, J. Michael; Vasey, Paul; Diamond, Lisa; Breedlove, S. Marc; Vilain, Eric; Epprecht, Marc. . Psychological Science in the Public Interest. 2016, 17 (2): 45–101  [2019-07-30]. PMID 27113562. doi:10.1177/1529100616637616. （原始内容存档于2020-04-14）. Sexual fluidity is situation-dependent flexibility in a person’s sexual responsiveness, which makes it possible for some individuals to experience desires for either men or women under certain circumstances regardless of their overall sexual orientation....We expect that in all cultures the vast majority of individuals are sexually predisposed exclusively to the other sex (i.e., heterosexual) and that only a minority of individuals are sexually predisposed (whether exclusively or non-exclusively) to the same sex.
Dennis Coon, John O. Mitterer. . Cengage Learning. 2012: 372  [2016-02-18]. ISBN 978-1111833633. Sexual orientation is a deep part of personal identity and is usually quite stable. Starting with their earliest erotic feelings, most people remember being attracted to either the opposite sex or the same sex. [...] The fact that sexual orientation is usually quite stable doesn't rule out the possibility that for some people sexual behavior may change during the course of a lifetime.
Eric Anderson, Mark McCormack. . . Springer Science & Business Media. 2016: 47  [2019-06-22]. ISBN 978-3-319-29412-4. （原始内容存档于2021-08-24）. [R]esearch suggests that women's sexual orientation is slightly more likely to change than men's (Baumeister 2000; Kinnish et al. 2005). The notion that sexual orientation can change over time is known as sexual fluidity. Even if sexual fluidity exists for some women, it does not mean that the majority of women will change sexual orientations as they age – rather, sexuality is stable over time for the majority of people.
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↑  "... the core of a family is a heterosexual couple who have children that they raise to adulthood - the so-called nuclear family." Encyclopedia of family health （页面存档备份，存于）
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↑   (PDF). Massachusetts. Governor's Commission on Gay and Lesbian Youth.   [2021-02-18]. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2012-07-25）. , p.20. "A relatively recent tactic used in the backlash opposing les/bi/gay/trans campus visibility is the so-called "heterosexual pride" strategy".
↑  Eliason, Michele J.; Schope, Robert. . Meyer, Ilan H.; Northridge, Mary E.  (编). . 2007: 3–26. ISBN 978-0-387-28871-0. doi:10.1007/978-0-387-31334-4_1.  "Not surprisingly, individuals in the pride stage are most criticized not only by heterosexual persons but also many LGBT individuals, who are uncomfortable forcing the majority to share the discomfort. Heterosexual individuals may express bewilderment at the term “gay pride,” arguing that they do not talk about “straight pride”".
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