認知偏誤列表
注釋

↑  Korteling, J.E. (Hans); Gerritsma, Jasmin Y. J.; Toet, Alexander. . Frontiers in Psychology. 2021-08-12, 12. ISSN 1664-1078. doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2021.629354.
↑  Kahneman, Daniel. . New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux. 2011. ISBN 978-0-374-27563-1.  缺少或|title=为空 (帮助)
↑  Haselton MG, Nettle D, Andrews PW.  (PDF). Buss DM  (编). . Hoboken, NJ, US: John Wiley & Sons Inc. 2005: 724–746  [2021-12-09]. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2022-06-12）.
↑  . www.psychologicalscience.org.   [2018-10-10]. （原始内容存档于2022-01-23） （美国英语）.
↑  Thomas O. . Management Review Quarterly. 2018-01-19, 68 (2): 107–143. ISSN 2198-1620. S2CID 148611312. doi:10.1007/s11301-018-0135-9 （英语）.
↑  Dougherty MR, Gettys CF, Ogden EE.  (PDF). Psychological Review. 1999, 106 (1): 180–209. doi:10.1037/0033-295x.106.1.180.
↑  Martin Hilbert (2012) "Toward a synthesis of cognitive biases: How noisy information processing can bias human decision making" （页面存档备份，存于）. Psychological Bulletin, 138(2), 211–237; free access to the study here: https://www.martinhilbert.net/toward-a-synthesis-of-cognitive-biases/ （页面存档备份，存于）
↑  Gigerenzer G. . Stainton RJ  (编). . Blackwell. 2006: 129. ISBN 978-1-4051-1304-5.
↑  Martin Hilbert (2012) "Toward a synthesis of cognitive biases: How noisy information processing can bias human decision making" （页面存档备份，存于）. Psychological Bulletin, 138(2), 211–237; free access to the study here: https://www.martinhilbert.net/toward-a-synthesis-of-cognitive-biases/ （页面存档备份，存于）
↑  MacCoun RJ.  (PDF). Annual Review of Psychology. 1998, 49 (1): 259–87  [2014-01-31]. PMID 15012470. doi:10.1146/annurev.psych.49.1.259. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2011-06-22）.
↑  Nickerson RS.  (PDF). Review of General Psychology. 1998, 2 (2): 175–220 [198]  [2014-01-31]. S2CID 8508954. doi:10.1037/1089-2680.2.2.175. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2021-02-24）.
↑  Dardenne B, Leyens JP. . Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin. 1995, 21 (11): 1229–1239. S2CID 146709087. doi:10.1177/01461672952111011.
↑  Alexander WH, Brown JW. . Neural Computation. June 2010, 22 (6): 1511–27. PMC 3005720 . PMID 20100071. doi:10.1162/neco.2010.08-09-1080.
↑  Baron 1994，第372頁
↑  Zhang, Yu; Lewis, Mark; Pellon, Michael; Coleman, Phillip.  (PDF): 116–123. 2007  [2014-01-31]. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2019-09-01）.
1 2 3  Iverson, Grant; Brooks, Brian; Holdnack, James. . Heilbronner, Robert L.  (编). . New York: Guilford Press. 2008: 248. ISBN 9781593856342.
1 2 3 4 5 6  Berthet, Vincent. . Frontiers in Psychology. 2022-01-04, 12. ISSN 1664-1078. doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2021.802439.
↑  Coley, John D; Tanner, Kimberly D. . CBE-Life Sciences Education. 2012, 11 (3): 209–215  [2017-09-20]. ISSN 1931-7913. doi:10.1187/cbe.12-06-0074. （原始内容存档于2018-01-05） （英语）.
↑  Alexander, William H.; Brown, Joshua W. . Neural Computation. 1 June 2010, 22 (6): 1511–1527  [2014-01-31]. PMC 3005720 . doi:10.1162/neco.2010.08-09-1080. （原始内容存档于2021-03-10）.  引文使用过时参数coauthors (帮助)
↑  (Bar-Haim, Y., Lamy, D., Pergamin, L., Bakermans-Kranenburg, M.J., & van IJzendoorn, M.H. (2007). Threat-related attentional bias in anxious and non-anxious individuals: A meta-analytic study. Psychological Bulletin.
↑  Goddard K, Roudsari A, Wyatt JC (2011). "Automation Bias – A Hidden Issue for Clinical Decision Support System Use". International Perspectives in Health Informatics. Studies in Health Technology and Informatics. 164. IOS Press. doi:10.3233/978-1-60750-709-3-17.
↑  Schwarz, N.; Bless, Herbert; Strack, Fritz; Klumpp, G.; Rittenauer-Schatka, Helga; Simons, Annette.  (PDF). Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 1991, 61 (2): 195–202  [19 Oct 2014]. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.61.2.195. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2014-02-09）.
↑  Kuran, Timur; Cass R Sunstein. . Stanford Law Review. 1998, 51: 683.  引文使用过时参数coauthors (帮助)
↑  Sanna, Lawrence J.; Schwarz, Norbert; Stocker, Shevaun L.  (PDF). Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition. 2002, 28 (3): 497–502  [2014-01-31]. ISSN 0278-7393. doi:10.1037//0278-7393.28.3.497. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2019-09-01）.
↑  Colman, Andrew. . New York: Oxford University Press. 2003: 77. ISBN 0-19-280632-7.
↑  Klauer, K. C.; Musch, J; Naumer, B. . Psychological Review. 2000, 107 (4): 852–884. PMID 11089409. doi:10.1037/0033-295X.107.4.852.  引文使用过时参数coauthors (帮助)
↑  Pronin, Emily; Matthew B. Kugler. . Journal of Experimental Social Psychology (Elsevier). July 2007, 43 (4): 565–578. ISSN 0022-1031. doi:10.1016/j.jesp.2006.05.011.  引文使用过时参数coauthors (帮助)
↑  Walker, Drew; Vul, Edward. . Psychological Science. 2013-10-25, 20 (11)  [2014-01-31]. doi:10.1177/0956797613497969. （原始内容存档于2016-11-29）.
↑  Mather, M.; Shafir, E.; Johnson, M.K.  (PDF). Psychological Science. 2000, 11: 132–138  [2014-01-31]. PMID 11273420. doi:10.1111/1467-9280.00228. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2009-01-17）.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7  Martin Hilbert (2012) ""Toward a synthesis of cognitive biases: How noisy information processing can bias human decision making" （页面存档备份，存于）". Psychological Bulletin , 138(2), 211–237; Also at http://www.martinhilbert.net/HilbertPsychBull.pdf （页面存档备份，存于）
1 2  Attneave, F. . Journal of Experimental Psychology. 1953, 46 (2): 81–86. PMID 13084849.
1 2  Fischhoff, B.; Slovic, P.; Lichtenstein, S. . Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance. 1977, 3 (4): 552–564. doi:10.1037/0096-1523.3.4.552.
↑  DuCharme, W. M. . Journal of Experimental Psychology. 1970, 85 (1): 66–74. doi:10.1037/h0029546.
1 2  Edwards, W. . Kleinmuntz, B.  (编). . New York: Wiley. 1968: 17–52.
↑  Plous 1993，第38–41頁
↑  Ackerman, Mark S. (编).  online. Cambridge, Massachusetts: MIT Press. 2003: 7. ISBN 9780262011952.
↑  Why We Spend Coins Faster Than Bills （页面存档备份，存于） by Chana Joffe-Walt. All Things Considered, 12 May 2009.
↑  Hsee, Christopher K.; Zhang, Jiao. . Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 2004, 86 (5): 680–695. PMID 15161394. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.86.5.680.
↑  Berthet, Vincent. . Frontiers in Psychology. 2022-01-04, 12. ISSN 1664-1078. doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2021.802439.
↑   (Kahneman, Knetsch & Thaler 1991，第193頁)理查德·泰勒提出了“原賦效應”。
↑  .   [2014-01-31]. （原始内容存档于2021-01-25）.
↑  Wagenaar, W. A.; Keren, G. B. . Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes. 1985, 36 (3): 406–416.
↑  Kahneman, Daniel; Alan B. Krueger, David Schkade, Norbert Schwarz, Arthur A. Stone.  (PDF). Science. 2006-06-30, 312 (5782): 1908–10  [2014-01-31]. PMID 16809528. doi:10.1126/science.1129688. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2017-08-10）.  引文使用过时参数coauthors (帮助)
↑  Zwicky, Arnold. . Language Log. 2005-08-07  [2014-01-31]. （原始内容存档于2021-05-06）.
↑  Lichtenstein, S., & Fischhoff, B.（1977）。Do those who know more also know more about how much they know? Organizational Behavior and Human Performance, 20(2), 159–183. doi:10.1016/0030-5073(77)90001-0
↑  Merkle, E. C. . Psychonomic Bulletin & Review. 2009, 16 (1): 204–213. doi:10.3758/PBR.16.1.204.
↑  Juslin, P; Winman, A.; Olsson, H. . Psychological Review. 2000, 107 (2): 384–396.
↑  Pohl, Rüdiger F. . Pohl, Rüdiger F.  (编). . Hove, UK: Psychology Press. 2004: 363–378. ISBN 978-1-84169-351-4. OCLC 55124398.
↑  Hardman 2009，第110頁
↑  Kogut, Tehila; Ritov, Ilana.  (PDF). Journal of Behavioral Decision Making (Wiley InterScience). 2005, 18: 157–167  [August 15, 2013]. doi:10.1002/bdm.492. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2021-02-27）.
↑  Thompson, Suzanne C. . Current Directions in Psychological Science (Association for Psychological Science). 1999, 8 (6): 187–190. ISSN 0963-7214. JSTOR 20182602.
1 2 3  Tversky, Amos; Daniel Kahneman. . Science (American Association for the Advancement of Science). September 27, 1974, 185 (4157): 1124–1131. PMID 17835457. doi:10.1126/science.185.4157.1124.  引文使用过时参数coauthor (帮助)
1 2  Fiedler, K. . Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 1991, 60 (1): 24–36.
1 2  Sanna, Lawrence J.; Schwarz, Norbert. . Psychological Science (American Psychological Society). 2004, 15 (7): 474–481. PMID 15200632. doi:10.1111/j.0956-7976.2004.00704.x.
↑  Baron 1994，第258–259頁
↑  (Kahneman, Knetsch & Thaler 1991，第193頁) Daniel Kahneman, together with Amos Tversky, coined the term "loss aversion."
↑  Bornstein, Robert F.; Crave-Lemley, Catherine. . Pohl, Rüdiger F.  (编). . Hove, UK: Psychology Press. 2004: 215–234. ISBN 978-1-84169-351-4. OCLC 55124398.
↑  Shafir, Eldar; Diamond, Peter; Tversky, Amos. . Kahneman, Amos  (编). . Cambridge University Press. 2000: 335–355. ISBN 978-0-521-62749-8.  Editors list列表中的|first1=缺少|last1= (帮助)
↑  Haizlip, Julie;  et al. .   [October 3, 2012]. （原始内容存档于2018-08-09）.  引文格式1维护：显式使用等标签 (link)
↑  Baron 1994，第353頁
↑  Baron 1994，第386頁
↑  Baron 1994，第44頁
↑  Hardman 2009，第104頁
↑  Adams, P. A., & Adams, J. K. (1960). Confidence in the recognition and reproduction of words difficult to spell. The American Journal of Psychology, 73(4), 544–552.
↑  Hoffrage, Ulrich. . Rüdiger Pohl  (编). . Psychology Press. 2004. ISBN 978-1-84169-351-4.
↑  Sutherland 2007，第172–178頁
↑  Hardman 2009，第137頁
↑  Stephen M. Garciaa, Hyunjin Song and Abraham Tesser. . Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes. November 2010, 113 (2): 97–101  [2010-10-30]. ISSN 0749-5978. doi:10.1016/j.obhdp.2010.06.002. （原始内容存档于2021-04-14）. 简明摘要 – BPS Research Digest (2010-10-30).
↑  Kahneman, Knetsch & Thaler 1991，第193頁
↑  Baron 1994，第382頁
↑  Baron, J. (in preparation). Thinking and deciding, 4th edition. New York: Cambridge University Press.
↑  "Penn Psychologists Believe 'Unit Bias' Determines The Acceptable Amount To Eat" （页面存档备份，存于）. ScienceDaily (Nov. 21, 2005)
↑  Meegan, Daniel V. . Frontiers in Psychology. 2010, 1. ISSN 1664-1078. doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2010.00191.
↑  Chernev, Alexander. . Journal of Consumer Research. 2007, 33 (4): 430–444. ISSN 0093-5301. doi:10.1086/510217.
1 2  程, 千芳; 游, 一龍. . 臺北市: 華杏. 2017. ISBN 9789861943770.
↑  Morris, Errol. . Opinionator: Exclusive Online Commentary from the New York Times. New York Times. 2010-06-20  [2011-03-07]. （原始内容存档于2020-06-13）.
↑  Marks, Gary; Miller, Norman. . Psychological Bulletin (American Psychological Association). 1987, 102 (1): 72–90. doi:10.1037/0033-2909.102.1.72.
↑  Sutherland 2007，第138–139頁
↑  Baron 1994，第275頁
↑  Pronin, E.; Kruger, J.; Savitsky, K.; Ross, L. . Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 2001, 81 (4): 639–656. PMID 11642351. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.81.4.639.
↑  Hoorens, Vera. . European Review of Social Psychology (Psychology Press). 1993, 4 (1): 113–139. doi:10.1080/14792779343000040.
↑  Plous 2006，第206頁 harvnb模板錯誤: 無指向目標: CITEREFPlous2006 (幫助)
↑  Hsee, Christopher K.; Reid Hastie. . Trends in Cognitive Sciences. 2006, 10 (1): 31–37. PMID 16318925. doi:10.1016/j.tics.2005.11.007.  引文使用过时参数coauthors (帮助); 使用|accessdate=需要含有|url= (帮助)
↑  Plous 2006，第185頁 harvnb模板錯誤: 無指向目標: CITEREFPlous2006 (幫助)
↑  Forsyth, D. R. (2009). Group dynamics  (5th ed.). Pacific Grove, CA: Brooks/Cole.
↑  Kruger, J. . Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 1999, 77: 2.
1 2 3  Schacter, Daniel L. . American Psychologist. 1999, 54 (3): 182–203. PMID 10199218. doi:10.1037/0003-066X.54.3.182.
↑  Cacioppo, John. . Cambridge, Mass: MIT Press. 2002: 130–132. ISBN 026253195X.
↑  Walker, W. Richard; John J. Skowronski, Charles P. Thompson.  (PDF). Review of General Psychology (Educational Publishing Foundation). 2003, 7 (2): 203–210  [2009-08-27]. doi:10.1037/1089-2680.7.2.203. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2011-01-24）.  引文使用过时参数coauthors (帮助)
1 2  Michael J. Kahana; Marc W. Howard.  (PDF). Psychonomic Bulletin & Review. 2005年12月, (1): 159–164  [2014-04-26]. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2021-04-17） （英语）.  引文使用过时参数coauthors (帮助)
↑  Koriat, A.; M. Goldsmith, A. Pansky. . Annual Review of Psychology. 2000, 51 (1): 481–537. PMID 10751979. doi:10.1146/annurev.psych.51.1.481.  引文使用过时参数coauthors (帮助)
↑  Craik & Lockhart, 1972
↑  Kinnell, Angela; Dennis, S. . Memory & Cognition (Adelaide, Australia: School of Psychology, University of Adelaide). 2011, 39 (2): 348–63  [7 October 2012].
↑  Wayne Weiten. . Cengage Learning. 2010: 338  [2014-01-31]. ISBN 978-0-495-60197-5. （原始内容存档于2021-05-10）.
↑  Wayne Weiten. . Cengage Learning. 2007: 260  [2014-01-31]. ISBN 978-0-495-09303-9. （原始内容存档于2021-04-14）.
↑  Slamecka NJ. . J Exp Psychol. 1968, 76 (4): 504–13. PMID 5650563. doi:10.1037/h0025695.
↑  Shepard, R.N. (1967). Recognition memory for words, sentences, and pictures. Journal of Learning and Verbal Behavior, 6, 156-163.
↑  McBride, D. M., Dosher, B.A. (2002). A comparison of conscious and automatic memory processes for picture and word stimuli: a process dissociation analysis" Consciousness and Cognition  11, 423-460.
↑  Defetyer, M. A., Russo, R., McPartlin, P. L. (2009). The picture superiority effect in recognition memory: a developmental study using the response signal procedure.Cognitive Development, 24, 265-273. doi:10.1016/j.cogdev.2009.05.002
↑  Whitehouse, A. J., Maybery, M.T., Durkin, K. (2006). The development of the picture-superiority effect. British Journal of Developmental Psychology, 24, 767-773. doi:10.1348/026151005X74153
↑  Ally, B. A., Gold, C. A., Budson, A. E. (2009). The picture superiority effect in patients with Alzheimer’s disease and mild cognitive impairment" Neuropsychologia  47, 595-598. doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2008.10.010
↑  Curran, T., & Doyle, J. (2011). Picture superiority doubly dissociates the ERP correlates of recollection and familiarity" Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience  23(5), 1247-1262. doi:10.1162/jocn.2010.21464
↑  Martin, G. Neil; Neil R. Carlson, William Buskist.  3rd. Pearson Education. 2007: 309–310. ISBN 978-0-273-71086-8.  引文使用过时参数coauthors (帮助)
↑  When comprehension difficulty improves memory for text. O'Brien, Edward J.; Myers, Jerome L. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, Vol 11(1), Jan 1985, 12-21. doi:10.1037/0278-7393.11.1.12
↑  Rubin, Wetzler & Nebes, 1986; Rubin, Rahhal & Poon, 1998
↑  David A. Lieberman. . Cambridge University Press. 8 December 2011: 432  [2014-01-31]. ISBN 978-1-139-50253-5. （原始内容存档于2021-04-14）.
↑  Morton, Crowder & Prussin, 1971
↑  Ian Pitt; Alistair D. N. Edwards. . Springer. 2003: 26  [2014-01-31]. ISBN 978-1-85233-436-9. （原始内容存档于2021-04-14）.
↑  E. Bruce Goldstein. . Cengage Learning. : 231  [2014-01-31]. ISBN 978-1-133-00912-2. （原始内容存档于2021-04-14）.
↑  Poppenk, Walia, Joanisse, Danckert, & Köhler, 2006
↑  von Restorff, 1933
↑  Baron 1994，第224–228頁
↑  Fisk, John E. . Pohl, Rüdiger F.  (编). . Hove, UK: Psychology Press. 2004: 23–42. ISBN 978-1-84169-351-4. OCLC 55124398.
↑  Jeng, M. . American Journal of Physics. 2006, 74 (7): 578–583. doi:10.1119/1.2186333.
↑  Dalton, D. & Ortegren, M. . Journal of Business Ethics. 2011, 103 (1): 73–93. doi:10.1007/s10551-011-0843-8.
↑  Kahneman, Daniel; Shane Frederick. . Thomas Gilovich, Dale Griffin, Daniel Kahneman  (编). . Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 2002: 49–81. ISBN 978-0-521-79679-8. OCLC 47364085.  引文使用过时参数coauthors (帮助)
↑  Slovic, Paul; Melissa Finucane, Ellen Peters, Donald G. MacGregor. . Thomas Gilovich, Dale Griffin, Daniel Kahneman  (编). . Cambridge University Press. 2002: 397–420. ISBN 0-521-79679-2.  引文使用过时参数coauthor (帮助)