II型超新星
脚注与參考文献

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在核心塌縮之前，演化中的恆星一層層的結構像顆巨型的洋蔥（未依照比例）。圖中構成物由外層起始乃氫、氦、碳、氖、氧、矽、鐵。
一顆大質量恆星在核心的演化 (a)元素以像洋蔥狀的殼層進行核融合，直到形成鐵核 (b) 質量達到錢德拉塞卡極限，核心開始塌縮。核心的內部被壓縮形成中子(c)，造成掉落的物質反彈(d) 和形成向外傳播的衝激波（紅色）。震波開始隔絕(e)，但是它經由微中子的交互作用恢復生氣。周圍的物質被摧毀並離開(f)，僅留下簡併後的殘骸。
這張圖是光度（相對於太陽）對時間的函數，顯示出Ⅱ-L超新星和Ⅱ-P超新星的光度曲線特徵。