北日耳曼语支
參考資料

↑  Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin; Bank, Sebastian (编). . . Jena: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History. 2016.
↑  Scandinavian Dialect Syntax （页面存档备份，存于）. Network for Scandinavian Dialect Syntax. Retrieved 11 November 2007.
↑  Torp, Arne (2004). Nordiske sprog i fortid og nutid. Sproglighed og sprogforskelle, sprogfamilier og sprogslægtskab （页面存档备份，存于）. Moderne nordiske sprog. In Nordens sprog – med rødder og fødder. Nord 2004:010, ISBN 92-893-1041-3, Nordic Council of Ministers' Secretariat, Copenhagen 2004. (In Danish).
↑  Holmberg, Anders and Christer Platzack (2005). "The Scandinavian languages". In The Comparative Syntax Handbook, eds Guglielmo Cinque and Richard S. Kayne. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press. Excerpt at Durham University （页面存档备份，存于）.
↑  The Nordic Council's/Nordic Council of Ministers' political magazine Analys Norden offers three versions: a section labeled "Íslenska" (Icelandic), a section labeled "Skandinavisk" (in either Danish, Norwegian or Swedish), and a section labeled "Suomi" (Finnish).
↑  Sammallahti, Pekka, 1990. "The Sámi Language: Past and Present". In Arctic Languages: An Awakening. （页面存档备份，存于） The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO). Paris. ISBN 92-3-102661-5, p. 440: "the arrival of a Uralic population and language in Samiland [...] means that there has been a period of at least 5000 years of uninterrupted linguistic and cultural development in Samiland. [...] It is also possible, however, that the earlier inhabitants of the area also spoke a Uralic language: we do not know of any linguistic groups in the area other than the Uralic and Indo-Europeans (represented by the present Scandinavian languages)."
↑  Inez Svonni Fjällström (2006). "A language with deep roots" （页面存档备份，存于）.Sápmi: Language history, 14 November 2006. Samiskt Informationscentrum Sametinget: "The Scandinavian languages are Northern Germanic languages. [...] Sami belongs to the Finno-Ugric language family. Finnish, Estonian, Livonian and Hungarian belong to the same language family and are consequently related to each other."
↑  Hawkins, John A. . Bernard Comrie  (编). . Oxford University Press. 1987: 68–76. ISBN 0-19-520521-9.  含有內容需登入查看的頁面 (link)
↑  Bandle, Oskar (ed.)(2005). The Nordic Languages: An International Handbook of the History of the North Germanic Languages. Walter de Gruyter, 2005, ISBN 3-11-017149-X.
↑  Lund, Jørn. Language （页面存档备份，存于）. Published online by Royal Danish Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Version 1 – November 2003. Retrieved 13 November 2007.
↑  Holmberg, Anders and Christer Platzack (2005). "The Scandinavian languages". In The Comparative Syntax Handbook, eds Guglielmo Cinque and Richard S. Kayne. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press. Excerpt at Durham University （页面存档备份，存于）.
↑  Lund, Jørn. Language （页面存档备份，存于）. Published online by Royal Danish Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Version 1 – November 2003. Retrieved 13 November 2007.
↑  Lindström, Fredrik; Lindström, Henrik. . Albert Bonniers Förlag. 2012  [2020-08-14]. ISBN 978-91-0-013451-8. （原始内容存档于2020-08-20）. , p. 259
↑  Adams 1895，第336–338頁. sfn模板錯誤: 無指向目標: CITEREFAdams1895 (幫助)
↑  Article Nordiska språk, section Historia, subsection Omkring 800–1100, in Nationalencyklopedin (1994).
↑  Holmberg, Anders and Christer Platzack (2005). "The Scandinavian languages". In The Comparative Syntax Handbook, eds Guglielmo Cinque and Richard S. Kayne. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press. Excerpt at Durham University （页面存档备份，存于）.
↑  Jónsson, Jóhannes Gísli and Thórhallur Eythórsson (2004). "Variation in subject case marking in Insular Scandinavian" （页面存档备份，存于）. Nordic Journal of Linguistics (2005), 28: 223–245 Cambridge University Press. Retrieved 9 November 2007.
↑  Heine, Bernd and Tania Kuteva (2006). The Changing Languages of Europe. Oxford University Press, 2006, ISBN 0-19-929734-7.
↑  Torp, Arne (2004). Nordiske sprog i fortid og nutid. Sproglighed og sprogforskelle, sprogfamilier og sprogslægtskab （页面存档备份，存于）. Moderne nordiske sprog. In Nordens sprog – med rødder og fødder. Nord 2004:010, ISBN 92-893-1041-3, Nordic Council of Ministers' Secretariat, Copenhagen 2004. (In Danish).
↑  But see Cercignani, Fausto, Indo-European ē in Germanic, in «Zeitschrift für vergleichende Sprachforschung», 86/1, 1972, pp. 104–110.
↑  Kuhn, Hans. . Zeitschrift für deutsches Altertum und deutsche Literatur. 1955–56, 86: 1–47.
↑  Torp, Arne (2004). Nordiske sprog i fortid og nutid. Sproglighed og sprogforskelle, sprogfamilier og sprogslægtskab （页面存档备份，存于）. Moderne nordiske sprog. In Nordens sprog – med rødder og fødder. Nord 2004:010, ISBN 92-893-1041-3, Nordic Council of Ministers' Secretariat, Copenhagen 2004. (In Danish).
↑  Victor Ginsburgh, Shlomo Weber (2011). How many languages do we need?: the economics of linguistic diversity, Princeton University Press. p. 42.
↑  .   [2020-08-14]. （原始内容存档于2020-09-18）.
↑  "Urban misunderstandings". In Norden this week – Monday 01.17.2005. The Nordic Council and the Nordic Council of Ministers. Retrieved 13 November 2007.
↑  Delsing, Lars-Olof and Katarina Lundin Åkesson (2005). Håller språket ihop Norden? En forskningsrapport om ungdomars förståelse av danska, svenska och norska. Available in pdf format （页面存档备份，存于）. Numbers are from Figure 4:11. "Grannspråksförståelse bland infödda skandinaver fördelade på ort", p. 65 and Figure 4:6. "Sammanlagt resultat på grannspråksundersökningen fördelat på område", p. 58.
↑  Maurud, Ø (1976). Nabospråksforståelse i Skandinavia. En undersøkelse om gjensidig forståelse av tale- og skriftspråk i Danmark, Norge og Sverige. Nordisk utredningsserie 13. Nordiska rådet, Stockholm.
↑  "Urban misunderstandings". In Norden this week – Monday 01.17.2005. The Nordic Council and the Nordic Council of Ministers. Retrieved 13 November 2007.
↑  Delsing, Lars-Olof and Katarina Lundin Åkesson (2005). Håller språket ihop Norden? En forskningsrapport om ungdomars förståelse av danska, svenska och norska. Available in pdf format （页面存档备份，存于）. Numbers are from Figure 4:11. "Grannspråksförståelse bland infödda skandinaver fördelade på ort", p. 65 and Figure 4:6. "Sammanlagt resultat på grannspråksundersökningen fördelat på område", p. 58.
↑  .   [2020-08-14]. （原始内容存档于2016-03-06）.
↑  .   [2020-08-14]. （原始内容存档于2016-03-06）.
↑  Hello Norden newsletter （页面存档备份，存于）'s language of publication is described as skandinaviska (in Swedish)
↑  .   [2020-08-14]. （原始内容存档于2020-09-18）.
↑  Finlandssvensk som hovedspråk （页面存档备份，存于） (in Norwegian bokmål)
10世纪古诺尔斯语和其它相近语言的分布：
   古西诺尔斯语
   古东诺尔斯语 
   古哥特兰语 
   克里米亚哥特语 
   其它日耳曼语族中和古诺尔斯语有互通性的语言
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