羅馬帝國
參考文献 > 引用

1 2 3 4 5 6 7  Taagepera, Rein. . Social Science History (Duke University Press). 1979, 3 (3/4): 125. ISSN 0145-5532. JSTOR 1170959. doi:10.2307/1170959.
↑  John D. Durand, Historical Estimates of World Population: An Evaluation, 1977, pp. 253–296.
↑  John D. Durand, Historical Estimates of World Population: An Evaluation, 1977, pp. 253–296.
↑  . www.britannica.com.   [2008-07-09]. （原始内容存档于2008-08-20）.
↑  . Essay Writer.   [2022-08-03]. （原始内容存档于2022-11-29） （英语）.
↑  Morris, Ian (2010) Why the West Rules—For Now, New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux. ISBN 978-0-374-29002-3.
↑  An average of figures from different sources as listed at the US Census Bureau's Historical Estimates of World Population （页面存档备份，存于）
↑  Kremer, M.  (PDF). The Quarterly Journal of Economics. 1993, 108 (3): 681–716  [2017-03-15]. JSTOR 2118405. doi:10.2307/2118405. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2017-01-13）.
↑  夏遇南：《罗马帝国》，第2页
↑  Stillman, Norman A. (1979) The Jews of Arab Lands. Jewish Publication Society. p. 22. ISBN 0827611552
↑  Breasted, J.H. Ancient Times a History of the Early World. Рипол Классик. p. 675. ISBN 117400312X.
↑  罗兹·墨菲（黄磷 译），《亚洲史》（第四版），海南出版社，三环出版社，2004年10月，141-154 ISBN 978-7-80700-092-1
↑  Christopher Kelly, The Roman Empire: A Very Short Introduction (Oxford University Press, 200), p. 4ff.; Claude Nicolet, Space, Geography, and Politics in the Early Roman Empire (University of Michigan Press, 1991, originally published in French 1988), pp. 1, 15; T. Corey Brennan, The Praetorship in the Roman Republic (Oxford University Press, 2000), p. 605 et passim; Clifford Ando, "From Republic to Empire," in The Oxford Handbook of Social Relations in the Roman World (Oxford University Press, pp. 39–40.
↑  Clifford Ando, "The Administration of the Provinces," in A Companion to the Roman Empire (Blackwell, 2010), p. 179.
↑  Nicolet, Space, Geography, and Politics in the Early Roman Empire, pp. 1, 15; Olivier Hekster and Ted Kaizer, preface to Frontiers in the Roman World. Proceedings of the Ninth Workshop of the International Network Impact of Empire (Durham, 16–19 April 2009) (Brill, 2011), p. viii; Andrew Lintott, The Constitution of the Roman Republic (Oxford University Press, 1999), p. 114; W. Eder, "The Augustan Principate as Binding Link," in Between Republic and Empire (University of California Press, 1993), p. 98.
↑  John Richardson, "Fines provinciae," in Frontiers in the Roman World, p. 10.
↑  Richardson, "Fines provinciae," in Frontiers in the Roman World, pp. 1–2.
↑  Mary T. Boatwright, Hadrian and the Cities of the Roman Empire (Princeton University Press, 2000), p. 4.
↑  Yaron Z. Eliav, "Jews and Judaism 70–429 CE," in A Companion to the Roman Empire (Blackwell, 2010), p. 571.
↑  Dio Cassius 72.36.4 （页面存档备份，存于）, Loeb edition translated E. Cary
↑  Brown, P., The World of Late Antiquity, London 1971, p. 22.
↑  Adrian Goldsworth, How Rome Fell: Death of a Superpower (Yale University Press, 2009), pp. 405–415.
↑  《罗马人》，汉语大词典出版社，30-31页
↑  张屏，《凯旋瞬间》，228至233页
↑  《世界通史·古代卷》，人民出版社，370页
↑  德尼兹·加亚尔，欧洲史，海南出版社，“罗马帝国”章，“罗马帝国的经济”节
↑  Fergus Millar, A Greek Roman Empire: Power and Belief under Theodosius II (408-450). Sather Classical Lectures, Vol. 64. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2006. Pp. 279. ISBN 0-520-24703-5
↑  McDonnell/MacDonnell, Roman Manliness: Virtus and the Roman Republic
↑  夏遇南，《罗马帝国》，452页
↑  西方哲学史，张志伟主编，中国人民大学出版社，162页
↑  《世界通史·古代卷》，“古代罗马帝国”章，“帝国时期的文化”节
↑  《世界通史·中世纪卷》，人民出版社，176页
↑  İlber Ortaylı, "Büyük Constantin ve İstanbul", Milliyet, 28 May 2011.
↑  Norwich, John Julius. . New York: Alfred A. Knopf. 1995: 81–82. ISBN 0-679-41650-1.
↑  Bunson, Matthew. . Catholic Answers.   [11 August 2011]. （原始内容存档于2011年8月11日）.
↑  【罗马】//黄河清. 近现代汉语辞源[M]. 上海:上海辞书出版社,2019:1007.