脑黏体虫
参考文献及注释

1 2  Bartholomew, J.L.; Reno, P.W. . American Fisheries Society Symposium. 2002, 29: 3–24 （英语）.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11  Markiw, M.E. . Fish and Wildlife Leaflet. 1992, 17: 1–3  [2017-03-08]. （原始内容存档于2011-05-27） （英语）.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10  Gilbert, M. A. & Granath, W.O. Jr. (2003). Whirling disease and salmonid fish: life cycle, biology, and disease. Journal of Parasitology 89: 658–667.
↑  Kent, M. L., Margolis, L. & Corliss, J.O. (1994). The demise of a class of protists: taxonomic and nomenclatural revisions proposed for the protist phylum Myxozoa Grasse, 1970. Canadian Journal of Zoology 508: 932–937.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9  Hedrick, R. P. & El–Matbouli, M. (2002). Recent advances with taxonomy, life cycle, and development of Myxobolus cerebralis in the fish and oligochaete hosts. American Fisheries Society Symposium 29: 45–53.
↑  Monteiro, A. S., Okamura, B., and P. W. H. Holland. (2002). Orphan worm finds a home: Buddenbrockia is a Myxozoan. Molecular Biology and Evolution 19: 968–971. .   [2005-05-09]. （原始内容存档于2005-04-11）.
1 2 3  El-Matbouli, M., and Hoffmann, R.W. (1998). Light and electron microscopic studies on the chronological development of Myxobolus cerebralis to the Actinosporean stage in Tubifex Tubifes. International Journal For Parasitology 28: 195–217.
↑  Nehring, R. B. Thompson, K. G. Taurman, K. A. & Shuler, D.L. (2002). Laboratory studies indicating that living brown trout Salmo trutta expel viable Myxobolus cerebralis myxospores. American Fisheries Society Symposium 29: 125–134.
1 2  El-Matbouli, M., and Hoffmann, R.W. (1991). Effects of freezing, aging, and passage through the alimentary canal of predatory animals on the viability of Myxobolus cerebralis spores. Journal of Aquatic Animal Health 3: 260–262.
↑  Markiw, M.E. (1992). Experimentally induced whirling disease. II. Determination of longevity of the infective triactinomyxon stage of Myxobolus cerebralis by vital staining. Journal of Aquatic Animal Health 4 (1): 44–47.
↑  Lom, J. & Dyková, I. (1992). Protozoan Parasites of Fishes, Elsevier, Amsterdam. ISBN 0-444-89434-9.
1 2 3  Vincent, E. R. (2002). Relative susceptibility of various salmonids to whirling disease with emphasis on rainbow and cutthroat trout.. American Fisheries Society Symposium 29: 109–115.
1 2  Halliday, M.M. (1976). The Biology Of Myxosoma cerebralis: The Causative Organism Of Whirling Disease Of Salmonids. Journal of Fish Biology 9: 339–357.
↑  Hoffmann, G. (1962). Whirling Disease Of Trout. U.S. Department Of The Interior, Fishery Leaflet 508: 1–3.
↑  Andree, K.B., MacConnell, E. and Hedrick, R.P. (1998). A nested polymerase chain reaction for the detection of genomic DNA of Myxobolus cerebralis in rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss. Diseases of Aquatic Organisms 34: 145–54.
↑  Nehring, R.B. (1996). Whirling Disease In Feral Trout Populations In Colorado. In E.P. Bergersen And B.A.Knoph (eds.), Proceedings: Whirling Disease Workshop––where Do We Go From Here? Colorado Cooperative Fish And Wildlife Research Unit, Fort Collins.: pp.159.
↑  Vincent, E.R. (1996). Whirling Disease—the Montana Experience, Madison River.. In, E.P. Bergersen And B.A.Knoph (eds.), Proceedings: Whirling Disease Workshop—where Do We Go From Here? Colorado Cooperative Fish And Wildlife Research Unit, Fort Collins.: pp.159.
↑  Ghittino, P. (1970). Present Status Of Whirling Disease In Italian Trout Farms. Riv. It. Piscic. Ittiopat 5: 89–92.
↑  Stone M A B, MacDiarmid S C, Pharo H J. (1997). Import health risk analysis: salmonids for human consumption. Ministry of Agriculture Regulatory Authority, New Zealand. （页面存档备份，存于）
↑  Bergersen, E.P., and Anderson, D.E. (1997). The distribution and spread of Myxobolus cerebralis in the United States. Fisheries 22 (8): 6–7.
↑  Tennyson, J. Anacker, T. & Higgins, S. (January 13, 1997). Scientific breakthrough helps combat trout disease. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Whirling Disease Foundation News Release..   [2006-01-03]. （原始内容存档于2005-06-16）.
↑  Wisconsin Department of Agriculture, Trade and Consumer Protection. Division of Animal Health. (October 2001). "Fish Health Advisory: Whirling Disease in Trout."  (PDF).   [2005-05-17]. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2004-06-26）.  (.pdf).
↑  Wagner, E. J. Cannon, Q. Smith, M. Hillyard, R. & Arndt, R. (2002). Extrusion of Polar Filaments of the Myxobolus cerebralis Triactinomyxon by salts, electricity, and other agents. American Fisheries Society Symposium 29: 61–76.
↑  El-Matbouli, M., Hoffmann, R.W., Shoel, H., McDowell, T. S., & Hedrick, R.P. (1999). Whirling disease: host specificity and interaction between the actinosporean stage of Myxobolus cerebralis and rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) cartilage. Diseases of Aquatic Organisms 35: 1–12.
↑  Whirling Disease Foundation News. July, 2003. Research on whirling disease resistant rainbow trout 的存檔，存档日期2007-07-31.
一头成年溪红点鲑在感染脑黏体虫后骨骼变形。Thomas L. Wellborn, Jr.博士拍照
正常一致的鳟鱼软骨在脑黏体虫感染后出现病变的疤痕，相邻的组织变弱并变形。
脑黏体虫在德国(1893)、意大利(1954)、苏联(1955)、包括萨哈林岛(1960)、美国(1958)、保加利亚(1960)、南斯拉夫(1960)、瑞典(1966)、南非(1966)、苏格兰(1968)、新西兰(1971)、厄瓜多尔(1971)、挪威(1971)、哥伦比亚(1972)、黎巴嫩(1973)、爱尔兰(1974)、西班牙(1981)及英格兰(1981)均有报道
根据旋转病行动，脑黏体虫在美国将近24个州（以绿色标出）均得到过报道