活性聚合反應
參考文獻

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1 2  Cowie, J.M.G.  3rd ed / J.M.G. Cowie and Valeria Arrighi. Boca Raton: Taylor & Francis. 2007. ISBN 9780849398131.
1 2 3  Odian, George.  4. ed. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley-Interscience. 2004. ISBN 0471274003.  引文格式1维护：冗余文本 (link)
↑  "Ring-opening polymerization of norbornene by a living tungsten alkylidene complex" R. R. Schrock, J. Feldman, L. F. Cannizzo, R. H. Grubbs Macromolecules; 1987; 20(5); 1169–1172. doi:10.1021/ma00171a053
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This is showing one of the first examples of a living anionic polymerization.  Note the absence of a termination or chain transfer step.
This is an example of a controlled/living cationic polymerization.  Note that the "termination" step has been placed in equilibrium with an "initiation" step in either direction.  Nu: is a weak nucleophile that can reversibly leave, while the MXn is a weak Lewis acid M bound to a halogen X to generate the carbocation.
The catalytic cycle of a living ring-opening metathesis polymerization with a metal catalyst.  Note that the ring can be any size, but should contain some significant ring strain on the alkene.