伯克兰-艾德法
参考资料

1 2 3 4 5 6  Remsen, I.; Renoup, H.  (PDF). American Chemical Journal. 1906, 35: 358–367  [2024-03-04].
1 2  Lucy Jago. . Knopf Doubleday Publishing Group. 2007. Birkeland was deeply unhappy about having to share credit with Eyde, who had no part in the technical development of the idea, but he was forced to collaborate because only Eyde had access to the  huge amounts of electric power that would be needed to run the furnaces.
↑  Eyde, Sam. . Journal of the Royal Society of Arts. 1909, 57 (2949): 568–576. JSTOR 41338647.  使用|accessdate=需要含有|url= (帮助)
↑  Cavendish, Henry. . Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. 1785, 75: 372–384.
↑  Aaron John Ihde. . Courier Dover Publications. 1984: 678. ISBN 0-486-64235-6.
1 2 3  Trevor Illtyd Williams; Thomas Kingston Derry. . Oxford University Press. 1982: 134–135. ISBN 0-19-858159-9.
1 2 3  Lucy Jago. . Knopf Doubleday Publishing Group. 2007. More recently, two Americans, Bradley and Lovejoy, had built a small factory beside Niagara Falls to produce saltpeter at the end of 1902, but  their attempt had proved too inefficient to form the basis of a new industry. A description of their furnace had been included in the  first edition of a Norwegian scientific publication, Electrochem Indus-tri, launched only the previous month; Birkeland studied the drawings in the new magazine to check that his idea was different, and  therefore potentially more rewarding, than theirs. He saw that they  had made a myriad of tiny arcs in their furnace, while Birkeland was  planning one large arc, repeated at a high rate and swept sideways  by the magnetic field to make contact with as much air as possible.  It would look like a circle with the shape and heat of the sun. The following Monday Eyde and Birkeland spent the morning  together at the university, inspecting the strange-looking furnace  and weighing each other up as potential business collaborators. The  first prototype, cobbled together in a few hours, beautifully demonstrated Birkeland’s idea of using magnetism to make large electric  arcs and the tremendous noise and smell it produced were persuasive testimony to its potential.
↑  Karl Fisher; William E. Newton. G. J. Leigh , 编. . Elsevier. 2002: 2–3. ISBN 0-444-50965-8.
1 2  Mellor, J. W. . Longmans, Green and Co. 1918: 509.
1 2  Martin, Geoffrey; Barbour, William. . Crosby Lockwood and Son. 1915: 21.
↑  Webb, H. W. . Edward Arnold & Co. 1923: 20.
↑  Douglas Erwin. . McGraw-Hill. 2002: 613. ISBN 0-07-137621-6.
↑  Knox, Joseph. . D. Van Nostrand Company. 1914: 45-50.
1 2  M. Kiefer, David. . Today's Chemist at Work (American Chemical Society).   [2024-03-05]. ISSN 1532-4494. （原始内容存档于2021-12-04）.
↑  Plücker.  [On the effect of the magnet on the electric discharge]. Annalen der Physik und Chemie. 1861, 113: 249–280  [2024-03-03]. （原始内容存档于2024-03-03） （German）.  引文格式1维护：未识别语文类型 (link)  From p. 255:  " … die Curven, welche dieselbe durchziehen, soweit die Schätzung des Auges reicht, genau die Form von  Kreisbogen an[nehmen], die sämmtlich auf der die beiden Spitzen des Entladers verbindenden geraden Linie, als gemeinschaftlicher, senkrecht stehen."  ( … the curves which [the luminous discharges] traverse, assume — as far as the eye can judge — exactly the form of circular arcs, all of which stand perpendicular to the same straight line that joins the two points of the electrodes.)
↑  Worden, Edward Chauncey.  1:2. D. Van Nostrand Company. 1921: 870.
↑  Lucy Jago. . Knopf Doubleday Publishing Group. 2007. When the ladies retired to the drawing room and the gentlemen  stood around the fire, drinking whisky and smoking cigars, Birkeland approached Eyde and said, “I have the solution.” He explained  that his cannon, of which Eyde was already aware through Knudsen, produced high-energy electric arcs if it short-circuited during  testing—arcs exactly like bolts of lightning. Birkeland believed this  faulty element of his gun design could be combined with electromagnetic furnace technology to ionize air and produce nitric acid.
↑  . UNESCO. 2015-07-05  [2024-03-04]. （原始内容存档于2020-07-03）.
装置示意图，水冷电极与电磁铁产生碟片形等离子体
建于萨海姆水力发电站（英语：）（Såheim Hydroelectric Power Station）后方的反应器二号建筑，其中曾装有35个伯克兰-艾德反应器，每个功耗达3000 kW
曾在1912-1940年安装在留坎的反应器，目前为公园展品