兒童疼痛管理
參考文獻

1 2 3 4 5 6  Verghese ST, Hannallah RS. . Journal of Pain Research. July 2010, 3: 105–23. PMC 3004641 . PMID 21197314. doi:10.2147/jpr.s4554.
↑  Twycross，第140頁. sfn error: no target: CITEREFTwycross (help)
↑  Twycross，第3頁. sfn error: no target: CITEREFTwycross (help)
↑  Twycross，第1頁. sfn error: no target: CITEREFTwycross (help)
↑  twycross，第3頁. sfn error: no target: CITEREFtwycross (help)
↑  Twycross，第2頁. sfn error: no target: CITEREFTwycross (help)
1 2 3  Walco GA, Dworkin RH, Krane EJ, LeBel AA, Treede RD. . Mayo Clinic Proceedings. March 2010, 85 (3 Suppl): S33–41. PMC 2844006 . PMID 20194147. doi:10.4065/mcp.2009.0647.
1 2  .   [2018-11-02]. （原始内容存档于2021-01-20）.
1 2 3  Hauer J, Houtrow AJ. . Pediatrics. June 2017, 139 (6): e20171002  [2021-06-23]. PMID 28562301. doi:10.1542/peds.2017-1002 . （原始内容存档于2019-10-13）.
↑  . www.cancer.ca.   [2018-11-19]. （原始内容存档于2020-09-29）.
1 2  . National Cancer Institute. 2015-09-09  [2018-11-19]. （原始内容存档于2019-11-08）.
↑  Friedrichsdorf, Stefan J; Postier, Andrea. . Journal of Pain Research. 2014-03-07, 7: 117–123. ISSN 1178-7090. PMC 3953108 . PMID 24639603. doi:10.2147/JPR.S58862.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10  Henry，第43頁. sfn error: no target: CITEREFHenry (help)
↑  . Children’s Minnesota.   [22 May 2021]. （原始内容存档于2021-01-26）.
↑   (PDF). Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations andnthe National Pharmaceutical Council, Inc. December 2001  [2018-01-25].  [已过时]
↑  Ballantyne M, Stevens B, McAllister M, Dionne K, Jack A. . Clin J Pain. December 1999, 15 (4): 297–303. PMID 10617258. doi:10.1097/00002508-199912000-00006.
↑  Drendel AL, Kelly BT, Ali S. . Pediatric Emergency Care. August 2011, 27 (8): 773–81. PMID 21822093. S2CID 11017123. doi:10.1097/PEC.0b013e31822877f7.
↑  Stinson JN, Kavanagh T, Yamada J, Gill N, Stevens B. . Pain. November 2006, 125 (1–2): 143–57. PMID 16777328. S2CID 406102. doi:10.1016/j.pain.2006.05.006.
↑  von Baeyer CL, Spagrud LJ. . Pain. January 2007, 127 (1–2): 140–50. PMID 16996689. S2CID 207307157. doi:10.1016/j.pain.2006.08.014.
↑  Moon YE. . Korean Journal of Anesthesiology. July 2013, 65 (1): 2–3. PMC 3726842 . PMID 23904931. doi:10.4097/kjae.2013.65.1.2.
↑  Mancuso CE, Tanzi MG, Gabay M. . Pharmacotherapy. September 2004, 24 (9): 1177–85. PMID 15460178. S2CID 38614605. doi:10.1592/phco.24.13.1177.38089.  [已过时]
↑  Friedrichsdorf SJ, Kang TI. . Pediatric Clinics of North America. October 2007, 54 (5): 645–72, x. PMID 17933616. doi:10.1016/j.pcl.2007.07.007.
↑  Ciszkowski C, Madadi P, Phillips MS, Lauwers AE, Koren G. . The New England Journal of Medicine. August 2009, 361 (8): 827–8. PMID 19692698. doi:10.1056/nejmc0904266.
↑  Schnabel, Alexander; Reichl, Sylvia U.; Meyer-Frießem, Christine; Zahn, Peter K.; Pogatzki-Zahn, Esther. . The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2015-03-18, (3): CD009574. ISSN 1469-493X. PMC 6464560 . PMID 25785365. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD009574.pub2.
↑  White PF. . Anesthesia and Analgesia. November 2005, 101 (5 Suppl): S5–22. PMID 16334489. S2CID 24348334. doi:10.1213/01.ANE.0000177099.28914.A7.  [已过时]
↑  Kassab, Manal; Foster, Jann P.; Foureur, Maralyn; Fowler, Cathrine. . The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2012-12-12, 12: CD008411. ISSN 1469-493X. PMC 6369933 . PMID 23235662. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD008411.pub2.
1 2 3  . HealthyChildren.org.   [20 August 2017]. （原始内容存档于2021-06-04）.
↑  Shah PS, Herbozo C, Aliwalas LL, Shah VS. . The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. December 2012, 12: CD004950. PMID 23235618. S2CID 32696139. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD004950.pub3.
↑  Harrison, Denise; Reszel, Jessica; Bueno, Mariana; Sampson, Margaret; Shah, Vibhuti S.; Taddio, Anna; Larocque, Catherine; Turner, Lucy. . The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2016-10-28, 10: CD011248. ISSN 1469-493X. PMC 6461192 . PMID 27792244. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD011248.pub2.
↑  Johnston C, Campbell-Yeo M, Disher T, Benoit B, Fernandes A, Streiner D, Inglis D, Zee R. . The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. February 2017, 2: CD008435. PMC 6464258 . PMID 28205208. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD008435.pub3.
1 2 3  Pillai Riddell, Rebecca R.; Racine, Nicole M.; Gennis, Hannah G.; Turcotte, Kara; Uman, Lindsay S.; Horton, Rachel E.; Ahola Kohut, Sara; Hillgrove Stuart, Jessica; Stevens, Bonnie; Lisi, Diana M. . The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2015-12-02, (12): CD006275. ISSN 1469-493X. PMC 6483553 . PMID 26630545. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD006275.pub3.
↑   (PDF).   [23 May 2021]. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2017-06-26）.
↑  Chambers, Christine. . Clinical Therapeutics. 2009, 31: S77–S103. PMID 19781437. doi:10.1016/j.clinthera.2009.07.023.
↑  Robertson J. . Evidence-Based Nursing. July 2007, 10 (3): 75. PMID 17596380. S2CID 34364928. doi:10.1136/ebn.10.3.75.
↑  Mu, Pei-Fan. . JBI Library of Systematic Reviews. 2009, 7 (34): 1489–1543. PMID 27820170. doi:10.11124/jbisrir-2009-215.
↑  Abbott, Rebecca A.; Martin, Alice E.; Newlove-Delgado, Tamsin V.; Bethel, Alison; Thompson-Coon, Joanna; Whear, Rebecca; Logan, Stuart. . The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 10 January 2017, 1: CD010971. ISSN 1469-493X. PMC 6464036 . PMID 28072460. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD010971.pub2.
↑  Harrison, Denise; Yamada, Janet; Adams-Webber, Thomasin; Ohlsson, Arne; Beyene, Joseph; Stevens, Bonnie. . The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2015-05-05, (5): CD008408. ISSN 1469-493X. PMC 6779143 . PMID 25942496. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD008408.pub3.
↑  McNicol, Ewan D.; Rowe, Emily; Cooper, Tess E. . The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2018-07-07, 7: CD012294. ISSN 1469-493X. PMC 6513208 . PMID 29981164. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD012294.pub2.
↑  Hobson, Anna; Wiffen, Philip J.; Conlon, Joy A. . The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2015-02-26, (2): CD011404. ISSN 1469-493X. PMC 6464683 . PMID 25719451. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD011404.pub2.
↑  World Health Organization. (2012). "Pharmacological treatment of persistent pain in children with medical illnesses". Retrieved from http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/44540/9789241548120_Guidelines.pdf?sequence=1
↑  American Pain Society. (2012). "Assessment and Management of Children with Chronic Pain" [Position statement]. Retrieved from http://americanpainsociety.org/uploads/get-involved/pediatric-chronic-pain-statement.pdf （页面存档备份，存于）
1 2 3  Chou R, Gordon DB, de Leon-Casasola OA, Rosenberg JM, Bickler S, Brennan T, Carter T, Cassidy CL, Chittenden EH, Degenhardt E, Griffith S, Manworren R, McCarberg B, Montgomery R, Murphy J, Perkal MF, Suresh S, Sluka K, Strassels S, Thirlby R, Viscusi E, Walco GA, Warner L, Weisman SJ, Wu CL. . The Journal of Pain. February 2016, 17 (2): 131–57. PMID 26827847. doi:10.1016/j.jpain.2015.12.008 .
1 2 3  . American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry. 2017  [29 October 2018]. （原始内容存档于2018-12-24）.
1 2  Becker DE. . Anesthesia Progress. 2010, 57 (2): 67–78; quiz 79–80. PMC 2886920 . PMID 20553137. doi:10.2344/0003-3006-57.2.67.
↑  . Cadadian Cancer Society.   [24 May 2021]. （原始内容存档于2020-08-24）.
↑  Cooper, Tess E; Heathcote, Lauren C; Anderson, Brian; Grégoire, Marie-Claude; Ljungman, Gustaf; Eccleston, Christopher. . Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2017-07-24, 7: CD012563  [2021-06-23]. ISSN 1465-1858. PMC 6484396 . PMID 28737843. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD012563.pub2. （原始内容存档于2021-01-23）.
↑  Wiffen, Philip J; Cooper, Tess E; Anderson, Anna-Karenia; Gray, Andrew L; Grégoire, Marie-Claude; Ljungman, Gustaf; Zernikow, Boris. . Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2017-07-19, 7: CD012564. ISSN 1465-1858. PMC 6484393 . PMID 28722116. doi:10.1002/14651858.cd012564.pub2.
↑  DeVries A, Koch T, Wall E, Getchius T, Chi W, Rosenberg A. . The Journal of Adolescent Health. July 2014, 55 (1): 128–33. PMID 24581795. doi:10.1016/j.jadohealth.2013.12.014.
↑  Mazer-Amirshahi M, Mullins PM, Rasooly IR, van den Anker J, Pines JM. . Pediatric Emergency Care. April 2014, 30 (4): 230–5. PMID 24651218. S2CID 35304503. doi:10.1097/pec.0000000000000102.
↑  Peck KR, Ehrentraut JH, Anghelescu DL. . Journal of Opioid Management. 2016-05-01, 12 (3): 205–16. PMID 27435441. doi:10.5055/jom.2016.0333.
↑  Wong I, St John-Green C, Walker SM. . Paediatric Anaesthesia. June 2013, 23 (6): 475–95. PMC 4272569 . PMID 23570544. doi:10.1111/pan.12163.
↑  Cooper, Tess E.; Fisher, Emma; Gray, Andrew L.; Krane, Elliot; Sethna, Navil; van Tilburg, Miranda Al; Zernikow, Boris; Wiffen, Philip J. . The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. Jul 2017, 7: CD012538. ISSN 1469-493X. PMC 6477875 . PMID 28745394. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD012538.pub2.
↑  Schnabel, Alexander; Reichl, Sylvia U.; Zahn, Peter K.; Pogatzki-Zahn, Esther. . The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2014-07-31, (7): CD009583. ISSN 1469-493X. PMID 25079857. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD009583.pub2.
↑  Anand KJ, Willson DF, Berger J, Harrison R, Meert KL, Zimmerman J, Carcillo J, Newth CJ, Prodhan P, Dean JM, Nicholson C. . Pediatrics. May 2010, 125 (5): e1208–25. PMC 3275643 . PMID 20403936. doi:10.1542/peds.2009-0489.
↑  Cahill, Catherine M.; Walwyn, Wendy; Taylor, Anna M.W.; Pradhan, Amynah A.A.; Evans, Christopher J. . Trends in Pharmacological Sciences. Nov 2016, 37 (11): 963–976. ISSN 0165-6147. PMC 5240843 . PMID 27670390. doi:10.1016/j.tips.2016.08.002.
↑  Beecham, Emma; Candy, Bridget; Howard, Richard; McCulloch, Renée; Laddie, Jo; Rees, Henrietta; Vickerstaff, Victoria; Bluebond-Langner, Myra; Jones, Louise. . The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2015-03-13, (3): CD010750. ISSN 1469-493X. PMC 6481584 . PMID 25768935. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD010750.pub2.
1 2 3  Twycross，第7頁. sfn error: no target: CITEREFTwycross (help)
↑  Twycross & page 7. sfn error: no target: CITEREFTwycrosspage_7 (help)
↑  Lambert, Veronica; Boylan, Patrick; Boran, Lorraine; Hicks, Paula; Kirubakaran, Richard; Devane, Declan; Matthews, Anne. . The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2020-10-22, 10: CD010686. ISSN 1469-493X. PMID 33089901. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD010686.pub2.
↑  Cooper, Tess E.; Fisher, Emma; Anderson, Brian; Wilkinson, Nick Mr; Williams, David G.; Eccleston, Christopher. . The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2017-08-02, 8: CD012539. ISSN 1469-493X. PMC 6484395 . PMID 28770975. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD012539.pub2.