ULAS J1342+0928
參考資料

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10  Bañados, Eduardo;  et al. . Nature. 6 December 2017  [6 December 2017]. Bibcode:2018Natur.553..473B. arXiv:1712.01860 . doi:10.1038/nature25180. （原始内容存档于2019-08-30）.
1 2  Venemans, Bram P.;  et al. . The Astrophysical Journal Letters. 6 December 2017, 851 (1)  [6 December 2017].
1 2  Staff. . djm.com.   [6 December 2017]. （原始内容存档于2019-08-15）.
1 2  Wright, Ned. . UCLA. 24 April 2016  [7 December 2017]. （原始内容存档于2018-09-29）.
1 2 3 4 5 6  Choi, Charles Q. . Space.com. 6 December 2017  [6 December 2017]. （原始内容存档于2017-12-06）.
1 2 3 4 5  Landau, Elizabeth; Bañados, Eduardo. . NASA. 6 December 2017  [6 December 2017]. （原始内容存档于2019-02-18）. "This black hole grew far larger than we expected in only 690 million years after the Big Bang, which challenges our theories about how black holes form," said study co-author Daniel Stern of NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Pasadena, California.
↑  Decarli, Roberto;  et al. . CalTech. September 2017  [6 December 2017]. （原始内容存档于2017-12-07）.
↑  Grush, Loren. . TheVerge. 6 December 2017  [6 December 2017]. （原始内容存档于2017-12-10）.
↑  Bañados, Eduardo. . Carnegie Institution for Science. 2017  [7 December 2017]. （原始内容存档于2019-02-03）.
↑  Matson, John. . Scientific American. 29 June 2011  [7 December 2017]. （原始内容存档于2013-11-03）.
↑  Willott, C. . Nature. 2011, 474 (7353): 583–584. Bibcode:2011Natur.474..583W. PMID 21720357. arXiv:1106.6090 . doi:10.1038/474583a. preprint of this paper （页面存档备份，存于）
↑  Davide Castelvecchi. . Nature. 25 February 2015  [9 December 2017]. （原始内容存档于2021-05-27）. A black hole that grew to gargantuan size in the Universe's first billion years is by far the largest yet spotted from such an early date, researchers have announced. The object, discovered by astronomers in 2013, is 12 billion times as massive as the Sun, and six times greater than its largest-known contemporaries. Its existence poses a challenge for theories of the evolution of black holes, stars and galaxies, astronomers say. Light from the black hole took 12.9 billion years to reach Earth, so astronomers see the object as it was 900 million years after the Big Bang. That “is actually a very short time” for a black hole to have grown so large, says astronomer Xue-Bing Wu of Peking University in Beijing.
↑  . Phys.org. 11 May 2015  [9 December 2017]. （原始内容存档于2017-12-09）. Now, researchers from the Max Planck Institute for Astronomy (MPIA) have discovered three quasars that challenge conventional wisdom on black hole growth. These quasars are extremely massive, but should not have had sufficient time to collect all that mass. The astronomers observed quasars whose light took nearly 13 billion years to reach Earth. In consequence, the observations show these quasars not as they are today, but as they were almost 13 billion years ago, less than a billion years after the big bang. The quasars in question have about a billion times the mass of the sun. All current theories of black hole growth postulate that, in order to grow that massive, the black holes would have needed to collect infalling matter, and shine brightly as quasars, for at least a hundred million years. But these three quasars proved to be have been active for a much shorter time, less than 100,000 years. "This is a surprising result," explains Christina Eilers, a doctoral student at MPIA and lead author of the present study. "We don't understand how these young quasars could have grown the supermassive black holes that power them in such a short time."
↑  Jamie Seidel. . News Corp Australia. 7 December 2017  [9 December 2017]. （原始内容存档于2017-12-09）. It had reached its size just 690 million years after the point beyond which there is nothing. The most dominant scientific theory of recent years describes that point as the Big Bang — a spontaneous eruption of reality as we know it out of a quantum singularity. But another idea has recently been gaining weight: that the universe goes through periodic expansions and contractions — resulting in a “Big Bounce”. And the existence of early black holes has been predicted to be a key telltale as to whether or not the idea may be valid. This one is very big. To get to its size — 800 million times more mass than our Sun — it must have swallowed a lot of stuff. ... As far as we understand it, the universe simply wasn’t old enough at that time to generate such a monster.
↑  Youmagazine staff. . You Magazine (Greece). 8 December 2017  [9 December 2017]. （原始内容存档于2021-06-14） （希腊语）. This new theory that accepts that the Universe is going through periodic expansions and contractions is called "Big Bounce"