市场原教旨主义
參考文獻

↑  Fred, Block. . Longview Institute.   [2023-01-20]. （原始内容存档于2017-07-15） （英语）. Market Fundamentalism is the exaggerated faith that when markets are left to operate on their own, they can solve all economic and social problems.
↑  . Marxist Internet Archive.   [2024-09-10] –Encyclopedia of Marxism （英语）. Market fundamentalism is the dogmatic re-assertion of long-discredited theories of Adam Smith’s Invisible Hand, which no capitalist government or central bank would entertain in a fit. This kind of fundamentalism is found especially amongst small businessmen and middle managers of large to medium firms, who feel frustrated by the complexity of modern life, by the constant need to make compromises, take care of legalities, adhere to affirmative action policies, etc., etc..
↑  漫天雪798. . 漫天霹雳Plus. 2024-06-08  [2024-06-07]. （原始内容存档于2024-06-07） （中文）.
↑  . United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Western Asia. 2015-10-06  [2024-09-12] （英语）. Market fundamentalism (also known as free market fundamentalism) is a pejorative term applied to a strong belief in the ability of laissez-faire or free market policies to solve most economic and social problems.
↑  .   [2023-01-20]. （原始内容存档于2023-02-10）.
↑  Benthall, Jonathan, "Inside information on 'the market'", Anthropology Today, 7.4, August 1991, pp.1–2.
↑  Quiggin, John. . Journal of Industrial Relations. March 1995, 37 (1): 186–187  [30 January 2012]. S2CID 153866541. doi:10.1177/002218569503700119. （原始内容存档于2020-12-11）.
↑  Quiggin, John. Rationalism and Rationality in Economics, 1999, On Line Opinion,www.onlineopinion.com.au
↑  Kozul-Wright, Richard and Rayment, Paul. The Resistible Rise of Market Fundamentalism: Rethinking Development Policy in an Unbalanced World. London: Zed Books Ltd., 2007 p. 14 and Chapter 6
↑  Fred Block and Margaret R. Somers. The Power of Market Fundamentalism: Karl Polanyi's Critique （页面存档备份，存于）. Harvard University Press, 2014. ISBN 0674050711. p. 3.
↑  Stiglitz, Joseph E. . Nobleprize.org. 2004-05-05. （原始内容存档于2005-01-08） （英语）.
↑  .   [2013-10-29]. （原始内容存档于2015-01-24）.
↑  .   [2023-01-20]. （原始内容存档于2017-11-24）.
↑  .   [2023-01-20]. （原始内容存档于2009-01-30）.
↑  .   [2023-01-20]. （原始内容存档于2012-10-27）.
↑  Stiglitz, Joseph. Redefining the Role of the State - What should it do ? How should it do it ? And how should these decisions be made? Paper presented at the Tenth Anniversary of MITI Research Institute, Tokyo, March 1998. 的存檔，存档日期2008-05-29.
↑  Soros, George, "The worst market crisis in 60 years. （页面存档备份，存于）" Financial Times, January 22, 2008 19:57
↑  Boldeman, Dr. Lee. (2007). The cult of the market: economic fundamentalism and its discontents.PDF（1.60 MiB）. Canberra: The Australian National University ANU E Press. ISBN 978-1-921313-53-0, p. 13
↑  Egharevba, M.E.; Imphonopi, D.; Iruonagbe, C.T.  (PDF). Global Journal of HUMAN-SOCIAL SCIENCE: F Political Science (Global Journals Inc. (USA)). 2015, 15 (2): 1-10. ISSN 2249-460X. The supposed goal of the neoliberal policy was to bring new prosperity by enhancing economic growth and reduction of poverty, but instead it brought about a drop in income and living standards of many poor people in developing countries through pushing for conservative economic policies that gave primacy to market fundamentalism such as free trade, unfettered flow of speculative capital, privatization of social security and the failure to strike a balance between the role of government and the market. Underlying the neoliberal approach was its conservative appeal to Adam Smith’s invisible hand which had the notion that markets and the pursuit of self interest would lead, as if by an invisible hand, to economic efficiency while ignoring the issue of inequitable distribution of income, non-economic values such as social justice, the environment, cultural diversity, universal access to healthcare and consumer protection (King, 1987).  …  Liberalism stems from the work of Adam Smith who, in the mid 1770s, advocated for a minimal role of government in economic matters so that trade can flourish. The mindset of liberal economics held sway for almost 200 years and was temporarily replaced in the 1930s by Keynesian economics which saw a place for government intervention.
↑  Gladstone, Brooke. . WNYC Studios. Who Profits?.   [2024-09-13] –On the Media （英语）. Neoliberalism had been born in Austria. It was developed by a group of economists, two of whom were Ludwig von Mises and Friedrich Farhat.  …  Now, in fairness to Von Hayak, he's not nearly as extreme as his later followers make him out to be. Von Hayak actually says, no, no, there is an appropriate role for government. For example, there is a role for government to stop pollution and deforestation. But in the hands of his followers, it becomes a much more black and white argument.
↑  朱海就. . 奥地利学派经济学评论. 2023-12-12  [2024-09-15] （中文）.
↑  Gilding, Paul. . Resilience. 2020-04-16  [2024-09-13] –Cockatoo Chronicles （美国英语）.
↑  Edward Baptist (September 7, 2014). What the Economist Doesn't Get About Slavery—And My Book （页面存档备份，存于）. Politico. Retrieved May 23, 2015.
↑  Joseph E. Stiglitz: Information and Change in the Paradigm in Economics. In: American Economic Review, Bd. 92, Nr. 3 (Jun., 2002), S. 460, 461.
↑  vgl. auch Joseph E. Stiglitz: Die Schatten der Globalisierung. 4. Auflage. Goldmann, München 2004, S. 106
↑  Joseph Stiglitz: Die Schatten der Globalisierung. 4. Aufl. 2004, S. 105 f.
↑  Joseph Stiglitz: Die Schatten der Globalisierung. 4. Aufl. 2004, S. 106
↑  JosephE. Stiglitz 2008 in Project Syndicate Das Ende des Neoliberalismus?, zuletzt abgerufen am 26. Juni 2009
↑  Michael Hesse.  (Nachrichtenartikel). FAZ. 2012-04-21.
↑  Joseph E. Stiglitz: Moving beyond market fundamentalism to a more balanced economy. In: Annals of public and cooperative economics Bd. 80, H. 3, 2009, S. 345–360, ISSN 0770-8548
↑  Silvers, Damon.  (PDF). London’s Global University. 2023-04-25 –Institute for Innovation and Public Purpose （英语）.
↑  . StudyCorgi. 2024-01-31  [2024-09-14] （美国英语）.
↑  . FasterCapital. 2024-06-21 （英语）.
↑  紅旗文稿. . 中國共產黨新聞網. 2014-06-27  [2023-12-30]. （原始内容存档于2023-07-03） –人民網 （cn）.  引文格式1维护：未识别语文类型 (link)
↑  lihan. . MedGap. 2022-06-19  [2024-10-04] （中文）.
↑  杜威. 高一涵 , 编. . 維基文庫. 杜威博士講演錄. 由胡適翻译. 1920-02-01  [2024-09-15] –新青年 （中文）. 個人主義是註重個人自由選擇，愛做什麽便做什麽。 … 個人主義的中心觀念，便是根據個人自由意誌商定契約，不要政府用法律的或政治的勢力去幹涉他們，只聽他們自由去做。 … 這派的哲學把經濟問題、經濟組織，看得比政治生活更重，以為政治問題都可拿經濟生活來解決的。 … 歸總一句話：便是拿契約的關系、個人自由做根據，主張國家放任，工商各業均不要幹涉。
↑  Mirowski, Philip. . The Utopian.   [March 26, 2018]. （原始内容存档于2013-06-29）.
↑  Martinez, Elizabeth; Garica, Arnoldo. . Corpwatch. （原始内容存档于2018-03-24） –National Network for Immigrant and Refugee Rights （英语）.
↑  Hickel, Jason. . Windmill Books. 2018: 218. ISBN 978-1786090034. People commonly think of neoliberalism as an ideology that promotes totally free markets, where the state retreats from the scene and abandons all interventionist policies. But if we step back a bit, it becomes clear that the extension of neoliberalism has entailed powerful new forms of state intervention. The creation of a global 'free market' required not only violent coups and dictatorships backed by Western governments, but also the invention of a totalizing global bureaucracy – the World Bank, the IMF, the WTO and bilateral free-trade agreements – with reams of new laws, backed up by the military power of the United States.
↑  Ekanade, Olumide. . Journal of Retracing Africa (JORA). 2014-02-17, 1 (1)  [2024-04-16]. ISSN 2168-0531. （原始内容存档于2023-10-31）. More importantly, the proponents of neoliberal policies have confessed that they did not consider the African or Asian economic scenes when they propounded their economic manifesto, believing same to be valid for all places and at all times. The proponents also admit that liberalization does not necessarily imply a swing to market fundamentalism and a minimalist role for government. For instance, the sponsors of the Brett on Woods institutions ensure that neoliberalism coexists with strong protectionism and a desire to heavily subsidize some markets in the United States.
↑  ChatGPT. . ECONOMICS RULES. 2024-06-18  [2024-09-10] （中文）.
↑  Movahed, Masoud. . Harvard International Review. 2019-09-24 [First published in 2014]  [2024-09-10] （英语）.
↑  王今朝. 高雅馨 , 编. . 第一財經. 2022-12-30  [2024-09-12] –第一财经一财号 （中文）. 19世纪末德国历史学派的经济学家约翰·克尔斯·英格拉姆（John Kells Ingram，1823-1907）认为斯密的“看不见的手”的理论是一个半神学半形而上学的体系。阿里吉（2009）认为，斯密《国富论》的观点不是主张市场至上，而是主张市场是政府的工具。莱普尼斯（Lepenies，2014）指出，市场在亚当·斯密《国富论》中只是具有一种看不见的手的属性，只是在汤森（J. Townsend）笔下，才成为一种超自然的力量，在哈耶克的笔下，才成为一个奇迹（marvel）。为什么斯密在西方学术界取得这么大的名声呢？原因在于，他的非科学的理论实际上是反上帝、反封建而支持资本主义的。他提炼出“看不见的手”的概念，意在表明，他认为封建政府对于增加社会财富是没有什么用处的，只能作为守夜人来发挥作用。既然财富的增长由私人资本负责，还需要什么封建政府呢？上帝也没有什么用处。因此，他的理论是服务于新兴的资产阶级而反对封建贵族和宗教神学的。 … 《国富论》不是科学，但“看不见的手”在斯密死后的一段时间之后成为了西方经济学的理论核心。在这种情况下，西方经济学家们如何不认斯密为他们的理论上的鼻祖呢？然而，这个体系是以交换为核心的体系，根本不足以成为经济学的核心体系、主流体系。
↑  . Marxist Internet Archive.   [2024-09-10] –Encyclopedia of Marxism （英语）. It is frequently said that Adam Smith used the invisible hand metaphor in reference to how the market price was determined, but this is a later interpretation of the concept which does not reflect Adam Smith’s view of market price. For Adam Smith the natural price was determined external to the market in the labour process, and the market superimposed fluctuations as a result of imbalances in supply and demand: '... market price will be liable to great fluctuations, will sometimes fall a good deal below, and sometimes rise a good deal above their natural price. In the other species of industry, the produce of equal quantities of labour being always the same, or very nearly the same, it can be more exactly suited to the effectual demand. While that demand continues the same, therefore, the market price of the commodities is likely to do so too, and to be either altogether, or as nearly as can be judged of, the same with the natural price. ... '
↑  清和. 好買財富 , 编. . 新浪財經. 2020-10-10  [2024-09-11] –智本社 （中文）. 后人一般认为斯密用'看不见的手'来隐喻市场规律。但从斯密前后学术思想来看，'看不见的手'更可能指的是自然神学中的上帝创造的规则。美国经济史学家艾玛•罗斯柴尔德在《经济情操论》中指出，'看不见的手'在斯密的作品中出现过几次：「最早是斯密的'天文学史'文稿中，指的是'看不见的神物'【6】。第二次出现在《道德情操论》中，斯密这样描述：『尽管他们生性自私贪婪，雇佣千百万劳动力为自己劳作，但他们同时分享所获得的产品。这些地主被一只'看不见的手'引导着去进行生活必需品的分配，尽管他们没有打算去做，没有真正去做，却不知不觉促进了社会的利益。【3】』这里表达的意思应该与《国富论》中是完全一致的。所以，'看不见的手'表示市场规律更可能是之后经济学家的拔高。不过，'看不见的手'的描述依然给我们打开了探索市场规律之门。真正推动市场运行的源动力是人的自利之心。斯密在《国富论》中非常经典地写道：『我们每天所需的食物和饮料，不是出自屠户、酿酒商或面包师的恩惠，而是出于他们自利的打算……通过追逐自己的利益，他经常促进了社会的利益。【7】』」 …  最后，将斯密界定为一个彻底的'自由放任主义者'或许是一种误区。因为他在《国富论》最后一篇中论述了政府职责及作为，包括国防、司法、公共教育、公共工程及公共财政支出等等。
↑  Niemietz, Kristian. . Institute of Economic Affairs. 2024-01-02  [2024-09-10] （英国英语）.
↑  张登德; 刘倩.  (PDF). 鲁东大学学报(哲学社会科学版). 2021, 38 (1): 29-35 –山东师范大学历史文化学院.
↑  Winfree, Paul. . American Compass. 2022-03-31  [2024-09-10] （美国英语）.
↑  Rothbard, Murray.  1. Auburn, Alabama: Ludwig von Mises Institute. 2006: 435. ISBN 0-945466-48-X.  已忽略未知参数|orig-date= (帮助)
↑  Rothbard, Murray.  1. Auburn, Alabama: Ludwig von Mises Institute. 2006: 453. ISBN 0-945466-48-X.  已忽略未知参数|orig-date= (帮助)
↑  Casey, Gerard (2010). Murray Rothbard. New York: The Continuum International Publishing Group. p. 112. ISBN 978-1-4411-4209-2.
↑  Tony Endres, review of Classical Economics: An Austrian Perspective, History of Economics Review （原始頁面存檔於January 27, 2014）
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↑  竹中平蔵：日本経済を再生する方法とは  実践ビジネススクール
↑  佐藤雅彦・竹中平蔵 『経済ってそういうことだったのか会議』 日本経済新聞社学〈日経ビジネス人文庫〉、2002年、372頁。
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↑  Bryan Douglas Caplan: The myth of the rational voter: why democracies choose bad policies. Princeton University Press, 2007, S. 183 ff., 185
↑  Wolfgang Krohn: Funktionen der Moralkommunikation