犹太人
註釋

1 2  Dashefsky, Arnold; Della-Pergola, Sergio; Sheskin, Ira (编).  (PDF) (报告). Berman Jewish DataBank. 2021  [2023-09-04]. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2023-09-06）.
↑  . The Times of Israel.   [2023-10-11]. （原始内容存档于2023-12-07）.
↑  Wade, Nicholas. . New York Times. 2010-06-09  [2015-04-22]. （原始内容存档于2021-01-18）.
↑  Nebel, Almut; Filon, Dvora; Weiss, Deborah A.; Weale, Michael; Faerman, Marina; Oppenheim, Ariella; Thomas, Mark G.  (PDF). Human Genetics. 2000, 107 (6): 630–41  [2015-04-22]. ISSN 0340-6717. PMID 11153918. doi:10.1007/s004390000426. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2018-12-24）.
1 2 3 4  Shen, P; Lavi, T; Kivisild, T; Chou, V; Sengun, D; Gefel, D; Shpirer, I; Woolf, E; Hillel, J.  (PDF). Human Mutation. 2004, 24 (3): 248–60  [2015-04-22]. PMID 15300852. doi:10.1002/humu.20077. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2013-05-08）.
1 2  . Sciencedaily.com. 2000-05-09  [2013-04-12]. （原始内容存档于2018-12-24）.
↑  Atzmon, G; Hao, L; Pe'Er, I; Velez, C; Pearlman, A; Palamara, PF; Morrow, B; Friedman, E; Oddoux, C. . American Journal of Human Genetics. 2010, 86 (6): 850–859. PMC 3032072 . PMID 20560205. doi:10.1016/j.ajhg.2010.04.015.
↑  . Haaretz.com.   [2015-04-22]. （原始内容存档于2015-09-24）.
↑  .   [2011-03-20]. （原始内容存档于2016-08-19）.
↑  . Ludwig Supoya 路德维希·苏柏亚   The Official Website.   [2024-11-30].
↑   （页面存档备份，存于） "The Jewish Problem: How To Solve It," 美国最高法院大法官路易斯·布兰代斯, "Jews are a distinctive nationality of which every Jew, whatever his country, his station or shade of belief, is necessarily a member" (April 25, 1915), University of Louisville Louis D. Brandeis School of Law, Retrieved on June 15, 2009
↑   （页面存档备份，存于） Palmer, Henry, A History of the Jewish Nation (1875), D. Lothrop & Co., Retrieved on June 15, 2009
↑   （页面存档备份，存于） "The Collected Papers of Albert Einstein, Vol. 7: Berlin Years," U.S. Supreme Court Justice Louis D. Brandeis, "The Jewish Nation is a living fact" (June 21, 1921), Princeton University Press, Retrieved on June 15, 2009
↑  Grintz, Yehoshua M. . Fred Skolnik  (编).  11 2d. Farmington Hills, Mich.: Thomson Gale: 253. 2007. ISBN 0-02-865928-7.
↑  Falk, Avner. . Madison, N.J.: Fairleigh Dickinson University Press. 1996: 131. ISBN 0-8386-3660-8.
↑  .  11th. Springfield, Mass.: Merriam-Webster: 1453. 2004. ISBN 0-87779-809-5.
↑  "Jew" （页面存档备份，存于）,《The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language》，第四版，2000年。
↑  Johnson (1987), p. 82.
1 2  Neusner (1991) p. 64
↑  Patai, Raphael. . Detroit: Wayne State University Press. 1996: 7 [1977]. ISBN 0-8143-2651-X.
↑  Johnson, Lonnie R. . Oxford: Oxford University Press. 1996: 145. ISBN 0-19-510071-9.
1 2 3 4  Sharot (1997), pp. 29–30.
1 2  Sharot (1997), pp. 42–43.
1 2  Sharot (1997), p. 42.
↑  Fishman, Sylvia Barack. . Albany, N.Y.: State University of New York Press. 2000: 38. ISBN 0-7914-4546-1.
↑  Kimmerling, Baruch. . Albany, N.Y.: State University of New York Press. 1996: 169. ISBN 0-88706-849-9.
↑  肖宪. . 北京: 中国工人出版社. 2007: 147. ISBN 978-7-5008-3758-9.
↑  美国电影《辛德勒的名单》最后的镜头，便是被辛德勒拯救的犹太人及其后代将纪念的小石子堆放在辛德勒的墓碑上
1 2  Grintz, Jehoshua M. "Hebrew as the Spoken and Written Language in the Last Days of the Second Temple." Journal of Biblical Literature. March, 1960.
↑  Feldman (2006), p. 54.
↑  . Embassy of Israel.   [2009-01-10]. （原始内容存档于2010-07-12）.
↑  Parfitt, T. V. "The Use of Hebrew in Palestine 1800–1822." Journal of Semitic Studies , 1972.
1 2  . Beth Hatefutsoth, The Nahum Goldmann Museum of the Jewish Diaspora.   [2008-07-03]. （原始内容存档于2008-07-25）.
↑  Nava Nevo (2001). International Handbook of Jewish Education. Springer. p. 428. ISBN 9789400703544. In contrast to other peoples who are masters of their national languages, Hebrew is not the 'common possession' of all Jewish people, and it mainly—if not exclusively—lives and breathes in Israel.... Although there are oases of Hebrew in certain schools, it has not become the Jewish lingua franca and English is rapidly taking its place as the Jewish people's language of communication. Even Hebrew-speaking Israeli representatives tend to use English in their public appearances at international Jewish conventions. Chaya Herman (2006). Prophets and Profits: Managerialism and the Restructuring of Jewish Schools in South Africa. HSRC Press. p. 121. ISBN 9780796921147. It is English rather than Hebrew that emerged as the lingua franca of the Jews towards the late 20th century.... This phenomenon occurred despite efforts to make Hebrew a language of communication, and despite the fact that the teaching of Hebrew was considered the raison d'être of the Jewish day schools and the 'nerve center' of Jewish learning. Elana Shohamy (2010). Negotiating Language Policy in Schools: Educators as Policymakers. Routledge. p. 185. ISBN 9781135146214. This priority given to English is related to the special relationship between Israel and the United States, and the current status of English as a lingua franca for Jews worldwide. Elan Ezrachi (2012). Dynamic Belonging: Contemporary Jewish Collective Identities. Bergahn Books. p. 214. ISBN 9780857452580. As Stephen P. Cohen observes: 'English is the language of Jewish universal discourse.' "Jewish Languages – How Do We Talk To Each Other?". Jewish Agency. Archived from the original on 7 March 2014. Retrieved 5 April 2014. Only a minority of the Jewish people today can actually speak Hebrew. In order for a Jew from one country to talk to another who speaks a different language, it is more common to use English than Hebrew.
↑  Beth Hatefutsoth. Archived from the original （页面存档备份，存于）on 26 March 2009. Retrieved 2 April 2012.
↑  Hebrew, Aramaic and the rise of Yiddish. D. Katz. (1985)Readings in the sociology of Jewish languages'
↑  "Quebec Sephardim Make Breakthroughs – Forward.com". forward.com. Retrieved 12 March 2015. "Quebec, Canada | Jewish Virtual Library". jewishvirtuallibrary.org. Retrieved 12 March 2015. Edna Aizenberg (2012). Contemporary Sephardic Identity in the Americas: An Interdisciplinary Approach. p. xxii. ISBN 9780815651659. Gerald Tulchinsky (2008). Canada's Jews: A People's Journey. pp. 447–49. ISBN 9780802093868.
↑  Jessica Piombo (3 August 2009). Institutions, Ethnicity, and Political Mobilization in South Africa. Palgrave Macmillan. p. 51. ISBN 9780230623828. Andrew Noble Koss (dissertation) (2010). "World War I and the Remaking of Jewish Vilna, 1914–1918". Stanford University: 30–31. Paul Wexler (2006). "Chapter 38: Evaluating Soviet Yiddish Language Policy Between 1917–1950". Jewish and Non-Jewish Creators of "Jewish Languages". Otto Harrassowitz Verlag. p. 780. ISBN 9783447054041.
↑  Bukharan Jews | Jewish Virtual Library" （页面存档备份，存于）. jewishvirtuallibrary.org. Retrieved 12 March 2015.
↑  Anna Verschik (25 May 2007). "Jewish Russian". Jewish Languages Research Website. Ehrlich, Mark Avrum (2009). Encyclopedia of the Jewish Diaspora: Origins, Experiences, and Culture, Volume 1. p. 1007. ISBN 9781851098736. Subtelny, O. (2009). Ukraine: A History, 4th Edition. University of Toronto Press, Scholarly Publishing Division. ISBN 978-1-4426-9728-7. Retrieved 12 March 2015. Congress, E.P.; Gonzalez, M.J. (2005). Multicultural Perspectives in Working with Families. Springer Publishing Company. ISBN 978-0-8261-3146-1. Retrieved 12 March 2015. Anshel Pfeffer (14 March 2014). "The Jews who said 'no' to Putin". Haaretz. Archived from the original on 26 March 2014. "Bukharan Jews | Jewish Virtual Library". jewishvirtuallibrary.org. Retrieved 12 March 2015. Moshe Ma'oz (2011). Muslim Attitudes towards Jews and Israel. pp. 135, 160. ISBN 9781845195274. Yaakov Kleiman (2004). DNA & Tradition: The Genetic Link to the Ancient Hebrews. Devora Publishing. p. 72. ISBN 9781930143890. The community is divided between 'native' Georgian Jews and Russian-speaking Ashkenazim who began migrating there at the beginning of the 19th century, and especially during World War II. Joshua A. Fishman (1985). Readings in the Sociology of Jewish Languages. pp. 165, 169–74. ISBN 9004072373. Jews in Tadzhikistan have adopted Tadzhik as their first language. The number of Yiddish-speaking Ashkenazic Jews in that region is comparatively low (cf. 2,905 in 1979). Both Ashkenazic and Oriental Jews have assimilated to Russian, the number of Jews speaking Russian as their first language amounting to a total of 6,564. It is reasonable to assume that the percentage of assimilated Ashkenazim is much higher than the portion of Oriental Jews. Harald Haarmann (1986). Language in Ethnicity: A View of Basic Ecological Relations. Walter de Gruyter. pp. 70–73, 79–82. ISBN 9783110862805.
↑  Moshe Ma'oz (2011). Muslim Attitudes towards Jews and Israel （页面存档备份，存于）. pp. 135, 160. ISBN 9781845195274.Gafaiti, Hafid (1 July 2009). Transnational Spaces and Identities in the Francophone World. p. 234. ISBN 0803224656. Gottreich, Emily Benichou; Schroeter, Daniel J (1 July 2011). Jewish Culture and Society in North Africa. pp. 258, 270. ISBN 0253001463. "Tunisia". jdc.org. Retrieved 12 March 2015.
↑  Schwartz, Richard H. . New York: Lantern Books. 2001: 153. ISBN 1-930051-87-5.
↑  Dobbs, Stephen Mark. . j. 2001-10-12  [2009-01-23]. （原始内容存档于2009-01-29）. 在20世纪，犹太人获得的诺贝尔奖——可能是相关的六个领域中最权威的奖项——的次数超过了世界上其他任何民族、族裔或文化族群。犹太人获得了大约五分之一的诺贝尔奖，而犹太人在全球人口中的比例仅仅不足1%。
↑  "What Makes a Jew Jewish?". Chabad.org. Retrieved 2 October 2013. Weiner, Rebecca (2007). "Who is a Jew?". Jewish Virtual Library. Retrieved 6 October 2007.Fowler, Jeaneane D. (1997). World Religions: An Introduction for Students. Sussex Academic Press. p. 7. ISBN 1-898723-48-6.
↑  "What is the origin of Matrilineal Descent?". Shamash.org. 4 September 2003. Retrieved 9 January 2009."What is the source of the law that a child is Jewish only if its mother is Jewish?". Torah.org. Archived from the original on 24 December 2008. Retrieved 9 January 2009. Dosick (2007), pp. 56–57.
↑  Shaye J.D. Cohen (1999). The Beginnings of Jewishness. U. California Press. pp. 305–06. ISBN 0-585-24643-2.
↑  Patai, Raphael (1996) [1977]. The Jewish Mind. Detroit: Wayne State University Press. p. 7. ISBN 0-8143-2651-X.
↑  Johnson, Lonnie R. (1996). Central Europe: Enemies, Neighbors, Friends. Oxford: Oxford University Press. p. 145. ISBN 0-19-510071-9.
↑  Fishman, Sylvia Barack (2000). Jewish Life and American Culture. Albany, N.Y.: State University of New York Press. p. 38.ISBN 0-7914-4546-1.
↑  Kimmerling, Baruch (1996). The Israeli State and Society: Boundaries and Frontiers. Albany, N.Y.: State University of New York Press. p. 169. ISBN 0-88706-849-9.
↑  Lowenstein, Steven M. (2000). The Jewish Cultural Tapestry: International Jewish Folk Traditions. Oxford: Oxford University Press. p. 228. ISBN 0-19-513425-7.
↑  "BBC Religions/Converting to Judaism: "A person who converts to Judaism becomes a Jew in every sense of the word, and is just as Jewish as someone born into Judaism."" （页面存档备份，存于）. Bbc.co.uk. Retrieved2 October 2013."Are Converts Treated as Second Class?" （页面存档备份，存于）. InterfaithFamily."Paul Golin: The Complicated Relationship Between Intermarriage and Jewish Conversion" （页面存档备份，存于）. Huffingtonpost.com. Retrieved 2 October2013.
1 2 3  , Jewish People Policy Planning Institute (Jewish Agency for Israel): 15, 2007  [2010-08-15], （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2017-11-07） , based on  106. American Jewish Committee. 2006  [2010-08-20]. （原始内容存档于2019-05-05）.
1 2   (dateformat:mdy).   [2009-08-13]. （原始内容存档于2016-03-20）.
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↑  Naggar, David. . israelinsider.com. 2006-11-07  [2008-07-03]. （原始内容存档于2008-12-27）.
1 2  Pfeffer, Anshel. . Haaretz. 2007-09-12  [2009-01-24]. （原始内容存档于2009-03-19）.
↑  . The World Factbook. Central Intelligence Agency. 2007-06-19  [2007-07-20]. （原始内容存档于2018-12-24）.
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↑  . Israel Central Bureau of Statistics. 2006  [2007-08-07]. （原始内容存档于2007-09-30）.
↑  Dekmejian 1975，第247頁. "And most [Oriental-Sephardic Jews] came... because of Arab persecution resulting from the very attempt to establish a Jewish state in Palestine."
↑   (dateformat:mdy).   [2005-07-07]. （原始内容存档于2016-04-24）.
↑  History of Dissident Movement in the USSR （页面存档备份，存于） by Ludmila Alekseyeva. Vilnius, 1992 （俄文）
↑  Goldstein (1995) p. 24
↑  Dosick (2007), p. 340.
↑  Gurock, Jeffrey S. . New York: Routledge. 1998: 54. ISBN 0-415-91924-X.
↑  Gartner (2001), p. 213.
↑  Gartner (2001), pp. 410–410.
↑  Waxman, Chaim I. . Jewish People Policy Planning Institute (Jewish Agency for Israel): 40–42. 2007  [2008-07-03]. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2017-11-07）.
↑  . Israel Ministry of Foreign Affairs.   [2010-08-15]. （原始内容存档于2013-02-06）.
↑  Littman (1979), p. 5.
↑  Gartner (2001), pp. 400–401.
↑  Kaplan (2003), p. 301.
↑  Danzger (2003), pp. 495–496.
↑  de Lange (2002), p. 220.
↑  Dosick (2007), p. 60.
↑  Dosick (2007), p. 59.
1 2  Schmelz, Usiel Oscar; Sergio DellaPergola. . Fred Skolnik  (编).  5 2d ed. Farmington Hills, Mich.: Thomson Gale: 571. 2007. ISBN 0-02-865928-7.  引文使用过时参数coauthors (帮助) 引文格式1维护：冗余文本 (link)
↑  Schmelz, Usiel Oscar; Sergio DellaPergola. . Fred Skolnik  (编).  5 2d ed. Farmington Hills, Mich.: Thomson Gale: 571–572. 2007. ISBN 0-02-865928-7.  引文使用过时参数coauthors (帮助) 引文格式1维护：冗余文本 (link)
↑  Dosick (2007), p. 61.
↑  張綏. . 寧夏社會科學. 1984年2月  [2014-11-29]. （原始内容存档于2020-09-22）.
↑  de Lange (2002), pp. 41–43.
↑  Barraclough, Geoffrey (编).  [The Times Atlas of World History]. Het Spectrum. 1981: 102–103 [1978] （荷兰语）.
↑  Pasachoff, Naomi E.; Littman, Robert J. . Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary Subjects Series. Lanham, Maryland: Rowman & Littlefield. 1995: 682005  [2021-05-27]. ISBN 9780742543669. By the 1st century C.E. perhaps 10 percent of the Roman Empire, or about 7 million people, were Jews, with about 2.5 million in Judea, Samaria & Galilee. These population figures are very unreliable, but they are probably fairly accurate in regard to percentages. Such an explosion in population could not have been caused entirely by natural birthrate, but conversion must have played an important part.
↑  . www.ancientsudan.org. 原始内容存档于2008-12-04.
1 2  Johnson (1987), p. 171.
↑  Edinger, Bernard. . Hadassah Magazine. Hadassah. December 2005  [2009-01-09]. （原始内容存档于2009-01-23）.
↑  Elazar (2003), p. 434.
↑   (dateformat:mdy).   [2005-07-07]. （原始内容存档于2007-02-27）.
↑  Cohen, Erik H.  (PDF).   [2009-03-25]. （原始内容 (dateformat:mdy)存档于2012-01-19） （法语）.
↑   (dateformat:mdy).   [2005-07-07]. （原始内容存档于2016-04-14）.
↑   (dateformat:mdy).   [2005-07-07]. （原始内容存档于2016-04-16）.
↑  Waxman, Chaim I. . Jewish People Policy Planning Institute (Jewish Agency for Israel): 61. 2007  [2008-07-03]. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2017-11-07）.
↑  Johnson (1987), pp. 207–208.
↑  Johnson (1987), pp. 226–229.
↑  Johnson (1987), pp. 259–260.
↑  Johnson (1987), pp. 364–365.
↑  Johnson (1987), pp. 213, 229–231.
↑  Johnson (1987), p. 512.
↑  . Wikipedia. 2024-06-28 （英语）.
1 2 3  Hammer, Mf; Redd, Aj; Wood, Et; Bonner, Mr; Jarjanazi, H; Karafet, T; Santachiara-Benerecetti, S; Oppenheim, A; Jobling, Ma; Jenkins, T; Ostrer, H; Bonne-Tamir, B.  (Free full text). Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. Jun 2000, 97 (12): 6769–74. ISSN 0027-8424. PMC 18733 . PMID 10801975. doi:10.1073/pnas.100115997.
1 2  . New York Times. 2000-05-09  [2010-08-15]. （原始内容存档于2008-11-14）.
↑  Diana Muir Appelbaum and Paul S. Appelbaum. . The Jerusalem Post. 2008-02-11  [2020-09-14]. （原始内容存档于2011-07-16）.
1 2 3 4  Skorecki, K; Selig, S; Blazer, S; Bradman, R; Bradman, N; Waburton, Pj; Ismajlowicz, M; Hammer, Mf. . Nature. Jan 1997, 385 (6611): 32. ISSN 0028-0836. PMID 8985243. doi:10.1038/385032a0.
1 2 3  . American Society for Technion, Israel Institute of Technology. 1998-07-14  [2010-08-15]. （原始内容存档于2021-02-01）.
↑  Nebel, A; Filon, D; Brinkmann, B; Majumder, Pp; Faerman, M; Oppenheim, A. . American journal of human genetics. Nov 2001, 69 (5): 1095–112. ISSN 0002-9297. PMC 1274378 . PMID 11573163. doi:10.1086/324070.
↑  Appelbaum, Diana Muir; Paul S. Appelbaum. . Jerusalem Post. 2008-02-12  [2009-09-25]. （原始内容存档于2012-10-25）.  引文使用过时参数coauthors (帮助)
↑  Nebel, Almut. . Human Genetics. 2000, 107: 630. doi:10.1007/s004390000426.
↑  Jewish and Middle Eastern non-Jewish populations share a common pool of Y-chromosome biallelic haplotypes. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. June 2000, 97 (12): 6769–6774. Bibcode:2000PNAS...97.6769H. doi:10.1073/pnas.100115997. PMC 18733. PMID 10801975. Nebel Almut; Filon Dvora; Brinkmann Bernd; Majumder Partha P.; Faerman Marina; Oppenheim Ariella. The Y Chromosome Pool of Jews as Part of the Genetic Landscape of the Middle East. The American Journal of Human Genetics. 2001, 69 (5): 1095–112. doi:10.1086/324070. PMC 1274378. PMID 11573163. Molecular Photofitting: Predicting Ancestry and Phenotype Using DNA by Tony Nick Frudakis P:383 [2] Behar DM, Metspalu E, Kivisild T; 等. MacAulay, Vincent, 编. Counting the Founders: The Matrilineal Genetic Ancestry of the Jewish Diaspora. PLoS ONE. 2008, 3 (4): e2062. Bibcode:2008PLoSO...3.2062B. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0002062. PMC 2323359. Lewontin, Richard. Is There a Jewish Gene?. New York Review of Books. 6 December 2012. Atzmon, G; Hao, L; Pe'Er, I; Velez, C; Pearlman, A; Palamara, PF; Morrow, B; Friedman, E; Oddoux, C. Abraham's children in the genome era: Major Jewish diaspora populations comprise distinct genetic clusters with shared Middle Eastern Ancestry. American Journal of Human Genetics. 2010, 86 (6): 850–9. doi:10.1016/j.ajhg.2010.04.015. PMC 3032072. PMID 20560205. Feder, Jeanette; Ovadia, Ofer; Glaser, Benjamin; Mishmar, Dan. Ashkenazi Jewish mtDNA haplogroup distribution varies among distinct subpopulations: Lessons of population substructure in a closed group. European Journal of Human Genetics. 2007, 15 (4): 498–500. doi:10.1038/sj.ejhg.5201764. PMID 17245410. Ostrer, H; Skorecki, K. The population genetics of the Jewish people. Human Genetics. 2013, 132 (2): 119–27. doi:10.1007/s00439-012-1235-6. PMC 3543766. PMID 23052947.
↑  Katsnelson, Alla. Jews worldwide share genetic ties. 2010. doi:10.1038/news.2010.277.Zoossmann-Diskin, Avshalom. The Origin of Eastern European Jews Revealed by Autosomal, Sex Chromosomal and mtDNA Polymorphisms. Biol Direct. 2010, 5 (57): 57. doi:10.1186/1745-6150-5-57. PMC 2964539. PMID 20925954. 内容存档于16 November 2012）. Did Modern Jews Originate in Italy?. Science. 8 October 2013 [21 October 2013]. PubMed
↑  Jews Are a 'Race,' Genes Reveal –. Forward.com. [12 April 2013]. Genetics & the Jews (it's still complicated) : Gene Expression. Blogs.discovermagazine.com. 10 June 2010 [12 April 2013]. doi:10.1038/nature09103. Begley, Sharon. Genetic study offers clues to history of North Africa's Jews | Reuters. In.reuters.com. [12 April 2013].
↑  Dever, William (2001). What Did the Biblical Writers Know, and When Did They Know It? （页面存档备份，存于）. Eerdmans. pp. 98–99. ISBN 3-927120-37-5. After a century of exhaustive investigation, all respectable archaeologists have given up hope of recovering any context that would make Abraham, Isaac, or Jacob credible "historical figures" [...] archaeological investigation of Moses and the Exodus has similarly been discarded as a fruitless pursuit.
↑  Tubb, 1998. pp. 13–14；Mark Smith in "The Early History of God: Yahweh and Other Deities of Ancient Israel" states "Despite the long regnant model that the Canaanites and Israelites were people of fundamentally different culture, archaeological data now casts doubt on this view. The material culture of the region exhibits numerous common points between Israelites and Canaanites in the Iron I period (c. 1200–1000 BCE). The record would suggest that the Israelite culture largely overlapped with and derived from Canaanite culture... In short, Israelite culture was largely Canaanite in nature. Given the information available, one cannot maintain a radical cultural separation between Canaanites and Israelites for the Iron I period." (pp. 6–7). Smith, Mark (2002) "The Early History of God: Yahweh and Other Deities of Ancient Israel" (Eerdman's)；Rendsberg, Gary (2008). "Israel without the Bible". In Frederick E. Greenspahn. The Hebrew Bible: New Insights and Scholarship. NYU Press, pp. 3–5
↑  Jonathan M Golden,Ancient Canaan and Israel: An Introduction, （页面存档备份，存于）OUP USA, 2009 pp. 3–4.
↑   Jared Diamond (1993). "Who are the Jews?" (PDF). Retrieved 8 November 2010. Natural History 102:11 (November 1993): 12–19.；Hammer, MF; Redd, AJ; Wood, ET; et al. (June 2000). "Jewish and Middle Eastern non-Jewish populations share a common pool of Y-chromosome biallelic haplotypes" （页面存档备份，存于）. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.97: 6769–74. doi:10.1073/pnas.100115997. PMC 18733 （页面存档备份，存于）.PMID 10801975 （页面存档备份，存于）. Retrieved 11 October 2012.；Wade, Nicholas (9 May 2000). "Y Chromosome Bears Witness to Story of the Jewish Diaspora" （页面存档备份，存于）. The New York Times. Retrieved10 October 2012.Genes, Behavior, and the Social Environment:: Moving Beyond the Nature ...By Committee on Assessing Interactions Among Social, Behavioral, and Genetic Factors in Health, Board on Health Sciences Policy, Institute of Medicine, Lyla M. Hernandez P:100
↑  Israel Archaeology Findings Ideology Politics" （页面存档备份，存于）.