阿伊努語
參考文獻

↑  .   [2019-04-26]. （原始内容存档于2019-07-13）.
↑  Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin; Bank, Sebastian (编). . . Jena: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History. 2016.
↑  UNESCO Atlas of the World's Languages in danger, UNESCO
↑  Patric, John.  4. Doubleday, Doran & Company. 1943: 72  [23 April 2012]. （原始内容存档于2022-05-08）. John Batchelor set about to learn the Ainu language, which the Japanese had not troubled ever to learn. He laboriously compiled an Ainu dictionary. He singlehandedly turned this hitherto but spoken tongue into a written language, and himself wrote books in it.  [Original from the University of California Digitized Oct 16, 2007 Length 313 pages]
↑  Piłsudski, B. . Cracow. 1912: 5  [2018-08-10]. （原始内容存档于2018-08-10） （英语）.
1 2  Lee, Sean; Hasegawa, Toshikazu. . PLOS ONE. April 2013, 8 (4): e62243. Bibcode:2013PLoSO...862243L. PMC 3637396 . PMID 23638014. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0062243 . 本文中，我们重建了19种阿伊努语的时空演变，结果与鄂霍次克人群晚近人口扩张对阿伊努人群及其文化的形成起到关键作用的假设非常吻合。结合最近的考古、生物与文化证据，我们对阿伊努语的系统发生地理学构拟强有力地表明，传统的二元结构模型必须加以改进，才能解释这些新证据。我们在此报告的阿伊努语起源案例也为全球语言进化模式提供了更多细节，我们的语言系统发育也可能为进一步推断阿伊努语人群的文化演进提供依据[44,45]。
↑  Alonso de la Fuente, Jose. .   [2023-11-22]. （原始内容存档于2024-05-26）.
↑  Campbell, Lyle; Mixco, Mauricio J. . University of Utah Press. 2007: 7. While 'Altaic' is repeated in encyclopedias and handbooks most specialists in these languages no longer believe that the three traditional supposed Altaic groups, Turkic, Mongolian and Tungusic, are related.
↑  Nichols, Johanna. . Chicago: University of Chicago Press. 1992: 4. ISBN 978-0226580579. When cognates proved not to be valid, Altaic was abandoned, and the received view now is that Turkic, Mongolian, and Tungusic are unrelated.
↑  Dixon, R.M.W. . Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 1997: 32. ISBN 978-0521626545. Careful examination indicates that the established families, Turkic, Mongolian, and Tungusic, form a linguistic area (called Altaic)...Sufficient criteria have not been given that would justify talking of a genetic relationship here.
↑  Pereltsvaig, Asya. . Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 2012: 211–216. ISBN 978-0521175777. ...[T]his selection of features does not provide good evidence for common descent" and "we can observe convergence rather than divergence between Turkic and Mongolic languages—a pattern than is easily explainable by borrowing and diffusion rather than common descent
↑  Vovin, Alexander. . . Studia Orientalia 117. 2016.
↑  Tranter, Nicolas. . Routledge. 2012-06-25  [2019-03-29]. ISBN 9781136446580. （原始内容存档于2017-07-30） –Google Books.
1 2  Elmer, P.  (PDF). 2019. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2020-02-23）.
↑  Zgusta, Richard. . BRILL. 2015-07-10  [2022-05-15]. ISBN 9789004300439. （原始内容存档于2022-04-07）.
↑  Refsing, edited in 5 volumes by Kirsten. . 新潟大学OPAC.   [2019-09-17]. （原始内容存档于2022-04-07）.
↑  Tambovtsev, Yuri.  (PDF). Asian and African Studies. 2008, 17 (1): 40–62  [2019-09-30]. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2024-05-26）.
↑  Yamada, Yoshiko. . Hokkaido University. 2010.
↑  Miller (1967), p. 239; Shibatani (1990), p. 3; Vovin (2008)
↑  Masaki, Kudō. . Kōkogaku Library. 51. New. Science Press. 1989: 134.
↑  Tanigawa, Ken'ichi.  1. 1980: 324–325.
↑  Hong, Wontack. . Korean Studies. 2005, 29 (1): 1–29. S2CID 162188849. doi:10.1353/ks.2006.0007 .
↑  Smale, Joran. . Leiden: Leiden University, Faculty of Archaeology. June 2014. Further analysis of the origins of Ainu language and the earliest places names of their settlements might provide some insight into the heritage of an Okhotsk language.
↑  Boer, Elisabeth de; Yang, Melinda A.; Kawagoe, Aileen; Barnes, Gina L. . Evolutionary Human Sciences. 2020, 2. ISSN 2513-843X. doi:10.1017/ehs.2020.7 .
↑  .   [2005-04-10]. （原始内容存档于2005-02-06）.
↑  .   [2005-04-10]. （原始内容存档于2007-10-02）.
↑  The Foundation for Ainu Culture. . UPOPOY（民族共生象徵空間）官網.   [2022-05-15]. （原始内容存档于2022-06-19）.
↑  Lam, May-Ying. . Washington Post. 2017-07-27  [2017-10-07]. （原始内容存档于2019-05-01）.
↑  Kirsten Refsing. . Aarhus: Aarhus University Press. 1986. ISBN 978-8772880204.
↑  Piłsudski. Alfred F. Majewicz , 编. . Berlin: De Gruyter. 1998. ISBN 978-3110820768.
↑  知里 幸惠. . 日本: 岩波文庫. 1978-08-16. ISBN 978-4003208014.
↑  金成 ムシ; 金田一 京助. . 東京: 三省堂. 1959–1968. ISBN 978-4003208212.
↑  中川 裕; 中本 ムシ子. . 東京: 白水社. 1997. ISBN 9784560005293.
↑  中川 裕. . 千葉: 草風館. 1995-02. ISBN 978-4883230785.
↑  田村 すず子. . 東京: 草風館. 1996. ISBN 978-4883230938.
↑  萱野 茂. . 東京: 三省堂. 2002. ISBN 978-4385170527.
↑  奥田 統己 (编). . 北海道: 札幌學院大學. 1999.
↑  沢井 トメノ. . 十勝: 本別町教育委員会. 1989.
↑  切替 英雄. アイヌ語釧路方言語彙編集委員会 , 编. . 釧路: 釧路アイヌ語の会. 2004-02.
↑  村崎 恭子; 淺井 タケ; 藤山 ハル. . 東京: 国書刊行会. 1976-12. ISBN 978-4336019516.
↑  山辺 安之助. 金田一 京助 , 编. . 東京: 青土社. 2021. ISBN 978-4791773442.
↑  村山 七郎. . 東京: 吉川弘文館. 1971-03. ISBN 9784642085076.
↑
↑  Sidwell, Paul J. . Diachronica. 1996-01-01, 13 (1): 179–186  [2023-11-22]. ISSN 0176-4225. doi:10.1075/dia.13.1.12sid. （原始内容存档于2024-05-26）.
↑  Patrie (1982)，第116頁. sfnp模板錯誤: 無指向目標: CITEREFPatrie1982 (幫助)
1 2 3  Cheung, S.C.H. . Futures. 2003, 35 (9): 951–959. doi:10.1016/s0016-3287(03)00051-x.
1 2 3  Maruyama, Hiroshi. . Acta Borealia. 2014-07-03, 31 (2): 152–175. S2CID 145497777. doi:10.1080/08003831.2014.967980.
1 2  . www.heritagelanguages.org.   [2017-11-13]. （原始内容存档于2018-02-28）.
1 2 3  Savage, Theresa; Longo, Michael. . Japanese Studies. 2013, 33 (1): 101–120. S2CID 145788025. doi:10.1080/10371397.2013.782098. hdl:1959.3/313493 .