棕櫚油
參考文獻

↑   （页面存档备份，存于），Sutapa Mukherjee and Analava Mitra. 2009. Health effects of palm oil. Journal of Human Ecology. 26（3）: 197-203.
↑   Yusof Basiron. 2005. Chapter 8 Palm oil. Bailey’s industrial oil and fat products, 6th edition. volume 02, p.334. Canada: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
↑   （页面存档备份，存于）Malaysian Palm Oil Council （MPOC）
↑   （页面存档备份，存于）Malaysian Palm Oil Board
↑  CODEX STAN 210-1999 Standard for Named Vegetable OilsCodex Alimentarius 國際食品法典委員會
↑  Richard D. O’Brien. 2009. Fats and oils formulating and processing for applicaitoons, 3th editon, 43-47, 50-52. New York: CRC Press.
↑   （页面存档备份，存于） Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nation （FAO）. 2015. FAO statistics data （1961-2014）.
↑  .   [2016-01-15]. （原始内容存档于2016-09-13）.
↑   （页面存档备份，存于） ISTA Mielke GmbH. 2014. Oil World Annual （1992/1993/2013/2014）
↑   Untied States Department of Agriculture. 2015. Oilseeds: world markets and trade. Foreign Agricultural Service. USA: the World Agricultural Outlook Board.
↑   棕榈油对大鼠局灶性脑缺血再灌注损伤保护作用的实验研究[永久] 张庆涛, 耿德勤, 徐兴顺《徐州医学院学报》 2010年第30卷第11期 704-708页。
↑  Palm oil and the heart: A review. （页面存档备份，存于） Odia OJ, Ofori S, Maduka O. World J Cardiol. 2015 Mar 26;7（3）:144-9. doi: 10.4330/wjc.v7.i3.144.
↑  Effect of palm oil on oxidative stress-induced hypertension in Sprague-Dawley rats. （页面存档备份，存于） Ganafa AA, Socci RR, Eatman D, Silvestrov N, Abukhalaf IK, Bayorh MA. Am J Hypertens. 2002 Aug;15（8）:725-31.
↑  Tocotrienol Rich Palm Oil Extract Is More Effective Than Pure Tocotrienols at Improving Endothelium-Dependent Relaxation in the Presence of Oxidative Stress （页面存档备份，存于） Saher F. Ali and Owen L. Woodman, Oxidative Medicine and Cellular LongevityVolume 2015 （2015）, Article ID 150829, 10 pages
↑  Brown, Ellie; Jacobson, Michael F.  (PDF). Washington, D.C.: Center for Science in the Public Interest. 2005: iv,3–5  [2016-02-09]. OCLC 224985333. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2009-03-06）.
↑  Diet, Nutrition and the Prevention of Chronic Diseases, WHO Technical Report Series 916, Report of a Joint WHO/FAO Expert Consultation, World Health Organization, Geneva, 2003, p. 88 （Table 10）
↑  Edem DO. 2002. Palm oil: biochemical, physiological, nutritional,hematological, and toxicological aspects: a review. Plant FoodsHum Nutr 57:319–341.
↑  Ong AS, Goh SH. 2002. Palm oil: a healthful and cost-effective dietary component. Food Nutr Bull 23:11–22.
↑  Stratton J, Godwin M. 2011. The effect of supplemental vitamins
and minerals on the development of prostate cancer: a systematicreview and meta-analysis. Fam Pract 28:243–252.
↑  Mukherjee S, Mitra A. 2009. Health effects of palm oil. J Hum Ecol.26:197–203.
↑  Pramod Khosla; K. C. Hayes.  (报告). United Nations University Press. 1993  [13 February 2013]. （原始内容存档于2016-03-08）.
↑  Snook JT, Park S, Williams G, Tsai YH, Lee N. 1999. Effect of synthetic triglycerides of myristic, palmitic, and stearic acid on serum lipoprotein metabolism. Eur J Clin Nutr 53:597–605.
↑  Temme EH, Mensink RP, Hornstra G. 1996. Comparison of the effects of diets enriched in lauric, palmitic, or oleic acids on serum lipids and lipoproteins in healthy women and men. Am J Clin Nutr 63:897–903.
↑  Schwab US, Niskanen LK, Maliranta HM, Savolainen MJ, Kesaniemi YA, Uusitupa MI. 1995. Lauric and palmitic acidenriched diets have minimal impact on serum lipid and lipoprotein concentrations and glucose metabolism in healthy young women. J Nutr 125:466–473.
↑   Elena Fattore and Roberto Fanelli. 2013. Palm oil and palmitic acid: a review on cardiovascular effects and carcinogenicity. International Journal of Food Sciences and Nutririon. 64（5）: 648-659.
↑  Pascual, Gloria; Avgustinova, Alexandra; Mejetta, Stefania; Martín, Mercè; Castellanos, Andrés; Attolini, Camille Stephan-Otto; Berenguer, Antoni; Prats, Neus; Toll, Agustí. . Nature. doi:10.1038/nature20791.
↑  油炸油安全管理簡易手冊 （页面存档备份，存于）衛生福利部食品藥物管理署
1 2  Rojas, Mauricio. . Biodiesel Magazine. 3 August 2007  [25 February 2013]. （原始内容存档于2013-05-11）.
↑  Amir Reza Sadrolhosseini; Muhammad Maarof Moskin; W. Mahmood. Mat. Yunus; Ahmad Mohammadi; Zainal Abidin Talib.  (报告). Journal of Materials Science and Engineering. 24 August 2010  [25 February 2013]. （原始内容存档于2018-11-04）.
↑  Yahya, Yasmine. . The Jakarta Globe. 9 March 2011  [25 February 2013]. （原始内容存档于2012-06-26）.
↑  Choong, Meng Yew. . The Star Online. 27 March 2012  [25 February 2013].
↑  Loh Soh Kheang; Choo Yuen May; Cheng Sit Food; Ma Ah Ngan.  (PDF) (报告). Journal of Palm Oil Research. 18 June 2006  [25 February 2013]. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2010-07-04）.
|   |
| --- | --- |
各地:  西班牙  法国  BnF data  德国  以色列  美国  捷克 
学术:  AAT 
全球油类主要生产国（2020），左侧红色柱为棕榈油生产国，前三名分别为：印度尼西亚、马来西亚和泰国