太陽觀測
參考資料

↑  Williams, G.E. . Australian Journal of Physics. 1985, 38 (6): 1027–1043. Bibcode:1985AuJPh..38.1027W. doi:10.1071/ph851027 .
↑  Reed Business Information. . New Scientist. 1981, 91: 147  [2010-07-14].
↑  Williams GE. . Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series A, Mathematical and Physical Sciences. 1990, 330 (1615): 445. Bibcode:1990RSPTA.330..445W. S2CID 123165017. doi:10.1098/rsta.1990.0025.
↑  Solanki SK; Usoskin IG; Kromer B; Schüssler M;  et al. . Nature. October 2004, 431 (7012): 1084–1087  [2023-04-26]. Bibcode:2004Natur.431.1084S. PMID 15510145. S2CID 4373732. doi:10.1038/nature02995. （原始内容存档于2011-03-03）.
1 2  . High Altitude Observatory. University Corporation for Atmospheric Research.   [2014-08-15]. （原始内容存档于2014-08-18）.
↑  "Letter to the Editor: Sunspot observations by Theophrastus revisited （页面存档备份，存于）"
↑  Wilson ER. . Popular Astronomy. 1917, 25: 88. Bibcode:1917PA.....25...88W.
↑  . NRICH (University of Cambridge). 2007  [2010-07-14]. （原始内容存档于2012-10-24）.
↑  . UNESCO Courier. 1988  [2010-07-14]. （原始内容存档于2011-07-02）.
↑  Einhard. . . Ann Arbor: University of Michigan. 1960.  含有內容需登入查看的頁面 (link)
↑  Ead, Hamed A. . University of Cairo.
↑  Scheiner, Christoph. . University of Chicago Press. 2010: 83.
1 2 3 4  . High Altitude Observatory. University Corporation for Atmospheric Research.   [2014-08-15]. （原始内容存档于2014-08-18）.
1 2  John of Worcester.  MS 157. Corpus Christi College, Oxford: John of Worcester. 1128: 380.
↑  Helden, Albert van. . Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society. 1996-09-01, 140 (3): 358–396. JSTOR 987314.
↑  The Galileo Project. David (1564-1617) and Johannes (1587-1616) Fabricius （页面存档备份，存于）
↑  Vokhmyanin, M.; VArlt, R.; Zolotova, N. . Solar Physics. 2020-03-10, 295 (3): 39.1–39.11. Bibcode:2020SoPh..295...39V. S2CID 216259048. doi:10.1007/s11207-020-01604-4.
1 2  . Great Moments in the History of Solar Physics.   [2006-03-19]. （原始内容存档于2006-03-01）.
↑  Vokhmyanin, M.; Zolotova, N. . Solar Physics. 2018-02-05, 293 (2): 31.1–31.21. Bibcode:2018SoPh..293...31V. S2CID 126329839. doi:10.1007/s11207-018-1245-1.
1 2  . High Altitude Observatory. University Corporation for Atmospheric Research.   [2014-08-15]. （原始内容存档于2015-01-02）.
↑  Vaquero, J.M.; Vázquez, M. . Astrophysics and Space Science Library 361. New York: Springer. 2009. ISBN 978-0-387-92789-3. doi:10.1007/978-0-387-92790-9.
↑  Arctowski, Henryk.  (PDF). Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 1940, 26 (6): 406–11  [2023-04-26]. Bibcode:1940PNAS...26..406A. PMC 1078196 . PMID 16588370. doi:10.1073/pnas.26.6.406 . （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2015-09-03）.
↑  I. G. Usoskin; R. Arlt; E. Asvestari; E. Hawkins; M. Käpylä; G.A. Kovaltsov; N. Krivova; M. Lockwood; K. Mursula; J. O'Reilly; M. Owens; C.J. Scott; D.D. Sokoloff; S.K. Solanki; W. Soon; J.M. Vaquero. . Astronomy and Astrophysics. 2015, 581: A95  [2023-04-26]. Bibcode:2015A&A...581A..95U. arXiv:1507.05191 . doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201526652 . （原始内容存档于2022-05-28）.
↑  Hisashi Hayakawa1; Mike Lockwood; Matthew J. Owens; Mitsuru Sôma; Bruno P. Besser; Lidia van Driel-Gesztelyi. . Journal of Space Weather and Space Climate. 2021, 1: 1  [2023-04-26]. Bibcode:2021JSWSC..11....1H. doi:10.1051/swsc/2020035 . （原始内容存档于2023-06-04）.
↑  Eddy, John A. . Science. June 1976, 192 (4245): 1189–1202  [2023-04-26]. Bibcode:1976Sci...192.1189E. JSTOR 17425839. PMID 17771739. S2CID 33896851. doi:10.1126/science.192.4245.1189. （原始内容存档于2023-04-04）.
1 2 3  . High Altitude Observatory. University Corporation for Atmospheric Research.   [2014-08-15]. （原始内容存档于2014-08-18）.
↑  Schwabe (1843) 太陽觀測載於Google圖書 (Observations of the sun in the year 1843), Astronomische Nachrichten, 21 :  233-236.  From page 235:  "Vergleicht man nun die Zahl der Gruppen und der flecken-freien Tage mit einander, so findet man, dass die Sonnenflecken eine Periode von ungefähr 10 Jahren hatten … " (If one compares the number of groups [of sunspots observed on the sun] and the sunspot-free days with one another, then one finds that the sunspots had a period of about 10 years … )
↑  Hellemans, Alexander; Bryan Bunch. . New York, New York: Simon and Schuster. 1988: 317. ISBN 0-671-62130-0.  含有內容需登入查看的頁面 (link)
1 2 3  . High Altitude Observatory. University Corporation for Atmospheric Research.   [2014-08-15]. （原始内容存档于2014-08-18）.
1 2  King, Henry C. . Mineola, N.Y.: Dover Publications. 2003  [2023-04-28]. ISBN 0486432653. （原始内容存档于2023-07-02）.
↑  . Mcmath-Hulbert Solar Observatory.   [2014-08-30]. （原始内容存档于2018-06-20）.
↑  . Indian Institute of Astrophysics. 2014-07-02  [2014-08-30]. （原始内容存档于2023-07-17）.
↑  Ouellette, Jennifer. . Discovery News. 2011-03-07  [2014-08-30]. （原始内容存档于2015-05-07）.
↑  . National Observatory of Japan. 2005-02-14  [2014-08-30]. （原始内容存档于2006-03-10）.
↑  Fritts, Harold C. . Boston: Academic Press. 1976. ISBN 0-12-268450-8.
↑  Hale, G. E. . The Astrophysical Journal. 1908, 28: 315. Bibcode:1908ApJ....28..315H. doi:10.1086/141602.
↑  Hale, G. E.; Ellerman, F.; Nicholson, S. B.; Joy, A. H. . The Astrophysical Journal. 1919, 49: 153. Bibcode:1919ApJ....49..153H. doi:10.1086/142452.
↑  Zirin, Harold. . Cambridge University Press. 1988: 307. Bibcode:1988assu.book.....Z.  含有內容需登入查看的頁面 (link)
↑  Willson RC, Gulkis S, Janssen M, Hudson HS, Chapman GA. . Science. February 1981, 211 (4483): 700–2. Bibcode:1981Sci...211..700W. PMID 17776650. doi:10.1126/science.211.4483.700.
↑  Hickey JR, Alton RM, Kyle ML, Major ER. . Advances in Space Research. 1988, 8 (7): 5–10. Bibcode:1988AdSpR...8g...5H. doi:10.1016/0273-1177(88)90164-0.
1 2  Active Cavity Radiometer Irradiance Monitor (ACRIM) total solar irradiance monitoring 1978 to present （页面存档备份，存于）  (Satellite observations of total solar irradiance); access date 2012-02-03
↑  . pmodwrc.ch. （原始内容存档于2011-08-30）.
↑  Richard C. Willson; Alexander V. Mordvinov. . Geophysical Research Letters. 2003, 30 (5): 1199. Bibcode:2003GeoRL..30.1199W. S2CID 55755495. doi:10.1029/2002GL016038 .
↑  Steven DeWitte; Dominiqu Crommelynck; Sabri Mekaoui & Alexandre Joukoff. . Solar Physics. 2004, 224 (1–2): 209–216. Bibcode:2004SoPh..224..209D. S2CID 122934830. doi:10.1007/s11207-005-5698-7.
↑  Fröhlich, C. & J. Lean. . Astronomy and Astrophysics Review. 2004, 12 (4): 273–320. Bibcode:2004A&ARv..12..273F. S2CID 121558685. doi:10.1007/s00159-004-0024-1.
↑  Burns, D.; Baldwin, J. E.; Boysen, R. C.; Haniff, C. A.;  et al. . Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. September 1997, 290 (1): L11–L16. Bibcode:1997MNRAS.290L..11B. doi:10.1093/mnras/290.1.l11 .
1 2  National Research Council (U.S.). Task Group on Ground-based Solar Research. . Washington D.C.: National Academy Press. 1998: 10.
↑  Phillips, Tony. . NASA Science. 2009-09-03. （原始内容存档于2009-09-05）.
↑  Clark, Stuart. . New Scientist. No. 2764. 2010-06-14  [2023-04-29]. （原始内容存档于2015-05-18）.
↑  Phillips, Tony. . NASA Science. 2006-05-10  [2023-04-29]. （原始内容存档于2023-06-05）.
↑  Dikpati, Mausumi. . University Corporation for Atmospheric Research. 2006-03-06. （原始内容存档于2006-04-10）.
↑  Wallis, Paul. . Digital Journal. 2009-04-22  [2023-04-29]. （原始内容存档于2015-05-18）.
↑  . NOAA.   [2012-03-17]. （原始内容存档于2012-06-04）.
↑  . oma.be.   [2023-04-29]. （原始内容存档于2014-04-23）.
↑  SCIENCE NEWS STAFF. . Science News. 2014-10-24  [2014-10-27]. （原始内容存档于2023-05-02）.
↑  Malik, Tariq. . SPACE.com. 2014-10-25  [2014-10-27]. （原始内容存档于2023-05-04）.
↑  Hill, Frank;  et al. . 2011-06-14  [2015-07-31]. （原始内容存档于2015-08-02）.