安慰劑
參考資料

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Carroll, Robert Todd (2001?) The Placebo Effect Accessed on 2004-05-19. [Part of the Skeptics Dictionary. Useful categorization of possible types of mechanism for the placebo effect if it exists.]
Dodes, John E. (2001?) The Mysterious Placebo Accessed on 2001-01-19. Originally published in the January/February 1997 issue of Skeptical Inquirer. A nice overview of the placebo effect and how it influences the study of alternative medicines.
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↑  “有效”是指以下2項或其中1項：1)該藥物比安慰劑能影響更多病人，2)病人對該藥物比安慰劑有更強反應