穆罕默德·伊本·阿卜杜勒·瓦哈卜
参考资料

1 2 3 4 5  Laoust, H., "Ibn Abd al-Wahhāb", in: Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition, Edited by: P. Bearman, Th. Bianquis, C.E. Bosworth, E. van Donzel, W.P. Heinrichs.
↑  译名室, 新华通讯社.  第二版. 北京: 中国对外翻译出版公司. 2007: 2946. ISBN 9787500107996. OCLC 163575075.
↑  . . 河北人民出版社. 1995  [2021-12-11]. （原始内容存档于2021-12-11）. 瓦哈卜一神教派：阿拉伯文wahhabiyah的音譯。……創始人為穆罕默德·伊本·阿卜杜勒·瓦哈卜。反對派據此稱其為“瓦哈比教派”。該派自稱“唯一神教派”。
↑  Moosa, Ebrahim. . UNC Press Books. 2015-04-06: 97. ISBN 9781469620145 （英语）.
↑  White, Jonathan R. . Cengage Learning. 2016-01-01: 252. ISBN 9781305886940 （英语）.
↑  Hubbard, Ben. . The New York Times. 2016-07-10  [2016-12-16]. ISSN 0362-4331. （原始内容存档于2016-12-15）.
↑  Asad, Talal. . Stanford University Press. 2003-02-03: 222. ISBN 9780804747684 （英语）.
↑  ́goston, Ga ́bor A.; Masters, Bruce Alan. . Infobase Publishing. 2010-05-21: 260. ISBN 9781438110257 （英语）.
1 2 3 4  Heern, Zackery M. . Oneworld Publications. 2015: 133–134  [2018-12-09]. ISBN 9781780744971. （原始内容存档于2019-02-22）.
↑  Hourani 1992: 257–258
↑  Nawaf E. Obaid. . Middle East Quarterly. September 1999, VI (3): 51–58  [2011-06-23]. （原始内容存档于2011-08-06）.
↑  . 法赫德国王古兰经印制厂. 回历1428年.  请检查|date=中的日期值 (帮助)
↑  Abir 1987: 4, 5, 7
1 2 3  Metz 1992
1 2  Philby 1930: 8
1 2 3  .   [2018-12-09]. （原始内容存档于2018-12-08）.
↑  EI1: 1086
↑  Glassé 2003: 470
1 2 3 4  Shahi, Afshin. . Routledge. 2013-12-04: 46  [2022-07-11]. ISBN 9781134653195. （原始内容存档于2020-07-10） （英语）.
↑  Abu.Iyaad. .   [2018-12-05]. （原始内容存档于2018-12-06）.
↑  Navalk Post Graduate School Thesis, September 2009, Michael R. Dillon: Wahhabism: Is it a factor in the spread of global terrorism?, p 13 的存檔，存档日期7 April 2014. Linked 2015-03-03
1 2  ibn Ghannam: 75–76
↑  Hopwood 1972: 55
↑  EI2: 677–678
↑  Al-Nasafī, Majmūʿat al-ḥawāshī al-bahiyya ʿalā sharḥ al-ʿaqāʾid al-nasafiyya, 4 vols. (Cairo: Dār al-Muṣṭafā, 2007), 1:194: "The miracles of saints are a reality (ḥaqq)."
↑  Al-Ashʿarī, al-Ibāna ʿan uṣūl al-diyāna, ed. Fawqiyya Ḥusayn Maḥmūd (Cairo: Dār al-Anṣār, 1397/1977), 31, 33: "It is possible for God to single out the righteous (ṣāliḥīn) by making signs (āyāt) appear at their hands."
↑  Al-Ṭaḥāwī, Matn al-ʿaqīda al-ṭaḥāwiyya, ed. Muḥammad Nāṣir al-Dīn al-Albānī (Beirut: al-Maktab al-Islāmī, 1398/1978), 59: "[W]e believe in what has come via sound transmission through trustworthy narrators (ṣaḥḥa ʿan al-thiqāt min ruwātihim) from among their [the saints'] miracles."
↑  Al-Shaʿrānī, Laṭāʾif al-minan, 2 vols. (Cairo: al-Maṭbaʿa al-ʿĀmira, 1311/1894), 1:218: "Believing in the miracles of saints is a required truth (wājib ḥaqq)."
↑  Al-Qushayrī, al-Risāla al-qushayriyya (Cairo: [al-Maṭbaʿa al-ʿĀmira], 1870), 186–7: "Believing in the possibility of the miracles of saints is an obligation."
↑  Ibn Qudamah: "As for the people of the Sunna who follow the traditions and pursue the path of the righteous ancestors, no imperfection taints them, not does any disgrace occur to them. Among them are the learned who practise their knowledge, the saints and the righteous men, the God-fearing and pious, the pure and the good, those who have attained the state of sainthood and the performance of miracles, and those who worship in humility and exert themselves in the study of religious law. It is with their praise that books and registers are adorned. Their annals embellish the congregations and assemblies. Hearts become alive at the mention of their life histories, and happiness ensues from following their footsteps. They are supported by religion; and religion is by them endorsed. Of them the Quran speaks; and the Quran they themselves express. And they are a refuge to men when events afflict them: for kings, and others of lesser rank, seek their visits, regarding their supplications to God as a means of obtaining blessings, and asking them to intercede for them with God" (cited in Ahmet T. Karamustafa, Sufism: The Formative Period (Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 2007), p. 132).
↑  ʿAlī Hujwirī: "God has saints (awliyā) whom He has specially distinguished by His friendship and whom He has chosen to be the governors of His kingdom… He has made the saints governors of the universe… Through the blessing of their advent the rain falls from heaven, and through the purity of their lives the plants spring up from the earth, and through their spiritual influence the Muslims gain victories over the truth concealers" (cited in Radtke, B., Lory, P., Zarcone, Th., DeWeese, D., Gaborieau, M., F. M. Denny, Françoise Aubin, J. O. Hunwick and N. Mchugh, "Walī", in: Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition, Edited by: P. Bearman, Th. Bianquis, C. E. Bosworth, E. van Donzel, W. P. Heinrichs).
↑  Rapoport, Yossef; Ahmed, Shahab (2010-01-01). Ibn Taymiyya and His Times. Oxford University Press. p. 305.
↑  Ibn Hajar al-Haythami: "Make sure you do not listen to what is in the books of Ibn Taymiyya and his student Ibn Qayyim al-Jawziyya and other such people who have taken their own whim as their God, and who have been led astray by God, and whose hearts and ears have been sealed, and whose eyes have been covered by Him... May God forsake the one who follows them, and purify the earth of their likes" (in Rapoport, Yossef; Ahmed, Shahab (2010-01-01). Ibn Taymiyya and His Times. Oxford University Press. p. 274.
↑  Ibn Hajar al-Haythami: "Ibn Taymiyya is a servant whom God has forsaken, led astray, made blind and deaf, and degraded. Such is the explicit verdict of the leading scholars who have exposed the rottenness of his ways and the errors of his statements" (in Rapoport, Yossef; Ahmed, Shahab (2010-01-01). Ibn Taymiyya and His Times. Oxford University Press. p. 271.
↑  Taqi al-Din al-Hisni referred to Ibn Taymiyyah as a "heretic from Harran"; see Rapoport, Yossef; Ahmed, Shahab (2010-01-01). Ibn Taymiyya and His Times. Oxford University Press. p. 271
↑  John L. Esposito (edited by), The Oxford Dictionary of Islam, Oxford University Press (2004), p. 296
↑  . E.J. Brill. 2006-01-01: 216 （英语）.
1 2 3  Voll 1975: 32–39
↑  ibn 'Hajar: 17–19
↑  Official sources on Ibn ʿAbd al-Wahhab's life put his visits to these cities in different chronological orders, and the full extent of such travels remains disputed among historians. As well, dates are missing in a great many cases, making it difficult to reconstruct a chronology of his life up until his return to 'Uyayna in 1740.
↑  ibn Bishr: 7–8
↑  Lacey 1983: 56
1 2  DeLong-Bas 2004: 24
↑  ibn 'Hajar: 28
1 2  DeLong-Bas 2004: 34
↑  Parker T. Hart. . Indiana University Press. 1998: 7  [2018-12-06]. ISBN 0-253-33460-8. （原始内容存档于2016-06-10）.
↑  Sebastian Maisel; John A. Shoup. . Greenwood Press. February 2009: 228  [2018-12-06]. ISBN 978-0-313-34442-8. （原始内容存档于2016-05-04）.
↑  Hunt Janin; André Kahlmeyer. . McFarland. 2007-02-22: 92  [2018-12-06]. ISBN 978-1-4766-0881-5. （原始内容存档于2016-05-28）.
↑  Obaid 1999: 51–58
↑  Faksh 1997: 89–90
↑  EBO History of Arabia 2011
1 2 3  Khatab, Sayed. . Oxford University Press. 2011: 73–74  [2018-12-06]. ISBN 9789774164996. （原始内容存档于2020-05-10）.
↑  Vassiliev, Alexei. . Saqi. 2013  [2018-12-15]. ISBN 9780863567797. （原始内容存档于2020-05-10）.
↑  EBO Muḥammad ibn ʿAbd al-Wahhāb 2011
↑  . Encyclopædia Britannica Online.   [2016-12-12]. （原始内容存档于2016-11-07）.
↑  Ottaway 2008: 176
↑  Nyrop 2008: 50
↑  Bligh 1985: 37–50
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