墳塚假說
内文引注

↑  Mallory (1989:185頁) harv error: no target: CITEREFMallory1989 (help). "The Kurgan solution is attractive and has been accepted by many archaeologists and linguists, in part or total. It is the solution one encounters in the Encyclopaedia Britannica and the Grand Dictionnaire Encyclopédique Larousse."
↑  Strazny (2000:163頁). "The single most popular proposal is the Pontic steppes (see the Kurgan hypothesis)..."
↑  Gimbutas (1985) page 190.
1 2  Parpola in Blench & Spriggs (1999:181頁). "The history of the Indo-European words for 'horse' shows that the Proto-Indo-European speakers had long lived in an area where the horse was native and/or domesticated (Mallory 1989，第161–63頁) harv error: no target: CITEREFMallory1989 (help). The first strong archaeological evidence for the domestication of the horse comes from the Ukrainian Srednij Stog culture, which flourished c. 4200–3500 BC and is likely to represent an early phase of the Proto-Indo-European culture (Anthony 1986:295f.; Mallory 1989:162, 197–210). During the Pit Grave culture (c. 3500–2800 BC) which continued the cultures related to Srednij Stog and probably represents the late phase of the Proto-Indo-European culture – full-scale pastoral technology, including the domesticated horse, wheeled vehicles, stockbreeding and limited horticulture, spread all over the Pontic steppes, and, c. 3000 BC, in practically every direction from this centre (Anthony 1986, 1991; Mallory 1989, vol. 1).
↑  Anthony & Vinogradov (1995)
1 2   （页面存档备份，存于） The spread of the Indo-Europeans - Frederik Kortlandt, 1989
↑   （页面存档备份，存于） The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Archaeology - Timothy Darvill, 2002, Corded Ware, p.101, Oxford University Press, ISBN 0-19-211649-5
↑  Gimbutas (1970) page 156: "The name Kurgan culture (the  Barrow culture) was introduced by the author in 1956 as a broader term to replace  and Pit-Grave（英语：） (Russian Yamna), names used by Soviet scholars for the culture in the eastern Ukraine and south Russia, and Corded Ware, Battle-Axe（英语：）, Ochre-Grave（英语：）, Single-Grave and other names given to complexes characterized by elements of 库尔干 appearance that formed in various parts of Europe"
↑   （页面存档备份，存于）.   [2014-01-24]. （原始内容存档于2008-12-01）.
↑   (PDF).   [2014-01-24]. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2008-07-08）.
↑  Passarino, G; Cavalleri GL; Lin AA; Cavalli-Sforza LL; Borresen-Dale AL; Underhill PA, , Eur. J. Hum. Genet., 2002, 10 (9): 521–9  [2011-11-29], PMID 12173029, doi:10.1038/sj.ejhg.5200834, （原始内容存档于2009-04-25）.
↑  Dupuy, B. et al. 2006. Geographical heterogeneity of Y-chromosomal lineages in Norway. Forensic Science International. 164: 10-19.
↑   (PDF).   [2009-07-22]. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2003-11-25）.
↑  [永久]
↑  Lalueza-Fox, C.; Sampietro, M. L.; Gilbert, M. T. P.; Castri, L.; Facchini, F.; Pettener, D.; Bertranpetit, J. . Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences. 2004-05-07, 271 (1542): 941–947  [2020-07-13]. ISSN 0962-8452. PMC 1691686 . PMID 15255049. （原始内容存档于2021-03-05）.
↑  Haak, Wolfgang; Brandt, Guido; Jong, Hylke N. de; Meyer, Christian; Ganslmeier, Robert; Heyd, Volker; Hawkesworth, Chris; Pike, Alistair W. G.; Meller, Harald. . Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 2008-11-14  [2020-07-13]. ISSN 0027-8424. PMID 19015520. doi:10.1073/pnas.0807592105. （原始内容存档于2019-04-23） （英语）.
↑  Gimbutas (1982:1頁)
↑  Gimbutas, Dexter & Jones-Bley (1997:309頁)
↑  Mallory (1991:185頁) harv error: no target: CITEREFMallory1991 (help)