酒精不當使用
參考文獻

↑  Association, American Psychiatric.  Fifth. 2013: 490. ISBN 978-0-89042-557-2.
↑  . November 2013  [9 May 2015]. （原始内容存档于18 May 2015）.
↑  Fuster, Daniel; Samet, Jeffrey H. . New England Journal of Medicine. 2018-09-27, 379 (13): 1251–1261. ISSN 0028-4793. PMID 30257164. S2CID 52842989. doi:10.1056/nejmra1715733.
↑  . www.niaaa.nih.gov.   [2021-05-01]. （原始内容存档于2022-07-21）.
↑  . NIAA.   [10 January 2019]. （原始内容存档于2022-03-08）.
↑  Aichmüller C, Soyka M. . Rev Med Suisse. April 2015, 11 (471): 927–30. PMID 26072600 （法语）.
↑  Fitzpatrick LE, Jackson M, Crowe SF. . Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 2008, 32 (3): 466–85. PMID 17919727. S2CID 19875939. doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2007.08.004.
↑  van Holst RJ, Schilt T. . Curr Drug Abuse Rev. March 2011, 4 (1): 42–56. PMID 21466500. doi:10.2174/1874473711104010042.
1 2  Courtney, Kelly E; Polich, John. . Psychological Bulletin. January 2009, 135 (1): 142–56. PMC 2748736 . PMID 19210057. doi:10.1037/a0014414.
↑  Fowler AK, Thompson J, Chen L, Dagda M, Dertien J, Dossou KS, Moaddel R, Bergeson SE, Kruman II. . PLOS ONE. 2014, 9 (9): e106945. Bibcode:2014PLoSO...9j6945F. PMC 4154772 . PMID 25188266. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0106945 .
↑  Uekermann J, Daum I. . Addiction. May 2008, 103 (5): 726–35. PMID 18412750. doi:10.1111/j.1360-0443.2008.02157.x.
↑  Amrani, L; De Backer, L; Dom, G.  [Adolescent binge drinking: neurocognitive consequences and gender differences] (PDF). Tijdschr Psychiatr. 2013, 55 (9): 677–89. PMID 24046246. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2016-03-06） （荷兰语）.
↑  . Juvenile Justice Digest. 2007-01-31, 35 (2): 7. ISSN 0094-2413.
↑  Michaud, PA.  [Alcohol misuse in adolescents – a challenge for general practitioners]. Therapeutische Umschau. Feb 2007, 64 (2): 121–6. PMID 17245680. doi:10.1024/0040-5930.64.2.121 （德语）.
↑  Dufour, MC; Archer, L; Gordis, E. . Clinics in Geriatric Medicine. 1992, 8 (1): 127–41. PMID 1576571. doi:10.1016/S0749-0690(18)30502-0.
↑  Moos, RH; Schutte, KK; Brennan, PL; Moos, BS. . Addiction. 2009, 104 (8): 1293–1302. PMC 2714873 . PMID 19438836. doi:10.1111/j.1360-0443.2009.02604.x.
↑  Jiwa, A.; Kelly, L.; Pierre-Hansen, N. . Can Fam Physician. Jul 2008, 54 (7): 1000–1000.e7  [2021-09-18]. PMC 2464791 . PMID 18625824. （原始内容存档于2024-06-08）.
↑  Landesman-Dwyer, S. . Applied Research in Mental Retardation. 1982, 3 (3): 241–63. PMID 7149705. doi:10.1016/0270-3092(82)90018-2.
↑  . Mayo Clinic.   [6 September 2021]. （原始内容存档于2022-07-13）.
↑  Vorvick, Linda. . PubMed Health. August 15, 2011  [9 April 2012]. （原始内容存档于20 September 2012）.
↑  Batra, S.; Wrigley, ECW. . Obstetrics & Gynecology. April 2005, 25 (3): 308–309. PMID 16147750. S2CID 33214831. doi:10.1080/01443610500106751.
↑  Tripodi, SJ; Bender, K; Litschge, C; Vaughn, MG. . Archives of Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine. January 2010, 164 (1): 85–91. PMID 20048247. doi:10.1001/archpediatrics.2009.235 .
↑  Martin, C.; Kelly, T.; Rayens, M.; Brogli, B.; Brenzel, A.; Smith, J.; Omar, O. . Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry. December 2002, 41 (12): 1495–1502. PMID 12447037. doi:10.1097/00004583-200212000-00022.
1 2  McArdle, Paul. . BMJ. 27 February 2008, 93 (6): 524–527. PMID 18305075. S2CID 25568964. doi:10.1136/adc.2007.115840.
1 2  Nixon, K.; McClain, JA. . Current Opinion in Psychiatry. May 2010, 23 (3): 227–32. PMC 3149806 . PMID 20224404. doi:10.1097/YCO.0b013e32833864fe.
↑  Stewart, S.H. . Psychological Bulletin. May 1996, 120 (1): 83–112. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.529.4342 . PMID 8711018. doi:10.1037/0033-2909.120.1.83.
↑  Goodman E, Huang B. . Archives of Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine (JAMA). May 2002, 156 (5): 448–53  [22 May 2020]. PMID 11980549. doi:10.1001/archpedi.156.5.448 . （原始内容存档于2022-06-18）.
↑  Bogren, A. . Journal of Gender Studies. 2011, 20 (2): 155–169. S2CID 143735279. doi:10.1080/09589236.2011.565196.
1 2 3  Foxcroft, David R.; Moreira, Maria Teresa; Almeida Santimano, Nerissa M. L.; Smith, Lesley A. . The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2015-12-29, (12): CD006748. ISSN 1469-493X. PMID 26711838. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD006748.pub4. hdl:10284/8115 .
↑  Lewis, MA; Litt, DM; Blayney, JA; Lostutter, TW; Granato, H; Kilmer, JR; Lee, CM. . Journal of Studies on Alcohol and Drugs. 2011, 72 (5): 844–853. PMC 3174028 . PMID 21906511. doi:10.15288/jsad.2011.72.844.
↑  Nepomuceno, Thyago Celso C.; de Moura, Jadielson Alves; e Silva, Lúcio Câmara; Cabral Seixas Costa, Ana Paula. . International Journal of Law, Crime and Justice. December 2017, 51: 34–44. ISSN 1756-0616. doi:10.1016/j.ijlcj.2017.05.001.
↑  Vélez-Mcevoy, M. . AAOHN Journal. 2005, 53 (4): 152–155. PMID 15853289. doi:10.1177/216507990505300402 .
↑  . American Psychological Association.   [7 September 2021]. （原始内容存档于2022-06-01）.
↑  Herman, Judith. . 1997: 44–45. ISBN 978-0-465-08730-3.  含有內容需登入查看的頁面 (link)
↑  Witt, E. . Neurotoxicology and Teratology. October 2007, 29 (1): 81–95  [2021-09-18]. PMID 17174531. doi:10.1016/j.ntt.2006.10.013. （原始内容存档于2022-03-31）.
1 2 3  Costello, E.; Sung, M.; Worthman, C.; Angold, A. . Drug and Alcohol Dependence. April 2007, 88: S50–S59. PMID 17275214. doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2006.12.009.
↑  Westling, E.; Andrews, J.; Hampson, S.; Peterson, M. . Journal of Adolescent Health. 2008, 42 (6): 555–563. PMC 2435092 . PMID 18486864. doi:10.1016/j.jadohealth.2007.11.002.
↑  Alfonso-Loeches, S.; Guerri, C. . Crit Rev Clin Lab Sci. 2011, 48 (1): 19–47. PMID 21657944. S2CID 26880669. doi:10.3109/10408363.2011.580567.
↑  Fowler AK, Hewetson A, Agrawal RG, Dagda M, Dagda R, Moaddel R, Balbo S, Sanghvi M, Chen Y, Hogue RJ, Bergeson SE, Henderson GI, Kruman II. . J. Biol. Chem. December 2012, 287 (52): 43533–42. PMC 3527940 . PMID 23118224. doi:10.1074/jbc.M112.401497 .
↑  Kruman II, Henderson GI, Bergeson SE. . Exp. Biol. Med. (Maywood). July 2012, 237 (7): 740–7. PMC 3685494 . PMID 22829701. doi:10.1258/ebm.2012.011421.
1 2  de Waters, E.; Braams, B.; Crone, E.; Peper, J. . Hormones and Behavior. 2013, 63 (2): 392–397. PMID 23229027. S2CID 5031450. doi:10.1016/j.yhbeh.2012.11.018.
↑  Lenz, B.; Heberlein, A.; Bayerlein, K.; Frieling, H.; Kornhuber, J.; Bleich, S.; Hillemacher, T. . Psychoneuroendocrinology. 2011, 36 (8): 1261–1264. PMID 21414724. S2CID 29572849. doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2011.02.010.
↑  . Office of Substance Abuse, Maine Department of Health and Human Services.   [December 27, 2012]. （原始内容存档于March 10, 2013）.
↑  Neil R.Carlson, C.Donald Heth. "Psychology: The Science of Behaviour". Pearson Canada Inc, 2010, p. 572.
↑  . healthline.   [7 September 2021]. （原始内容存档于2022-07-25）. Maladaptive behaviors are those that stop you from adapting to new or difficult circumstances.
↑  Administration (US), Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services; Alcoholism (US), National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and; General (US), Office of the Surgeon. . Office of the Surgeon General (US). 2007  [2021-09-18]. （原始内容存档于2021-07-27）.
↑   1. 2000. ISBN 978-0-89042-334-9. doi:10.1176/appi.books.9780890423349.
↑  . Alcohol Learning Centre. 2010-06-28  [2012-06-03]. （原始内容存档于2012-03-17）.
↑   (PDF). World Health Organization.   [2018-04-08]. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2006-05-02）.
1 2  Chersich, MF.; Rees, HV. . Int J STD AIDS. Jan 2010, 21 (1): 2–7. PMID 20029060. S2CID 3100905. doi:10.1258/ijsa.2000.009432.
↑  Appenzeller, Brice M.R.; Schneider, Serge; Yegles, Michel; Maul, Armand; Wennig, Robert. . Forensic Science International. 2005, 155 (2–3): 83–90. PMID 16226145. doi:10.1016/j.forsciint.2004.07.023.
↑  Rebecca A. . Psychiatric Annals. 2007, 37 (5): 349–358  [2013-11-05]. （原始内容存档于2013-11-05）.
1 2  Dube, Shanta R; Anda, Robert F; Felitti, Vincent J; Edwards, Valerie J; Croft, Janet B. . Addictive Behaviors. 2002, 27 (5): 713–725  [2021-09-18]. PMID 12201379. doi:10.1016/S0306-4603(01)00204-0. （原始内容存档于2022-03-31）.
↑  GULLO, M; DAWE, S. . Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews. 2008, 32 (8): 1507–1518. PMID 18588911. S2CID 21530517. doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2008.06.003. hdl:10072/21184 .
↑  Agostinelli, Gina; Grube, Joel. . Prevention Science. 2005, 6 (2): 89–99. PMID 15889624. S2CID 21984731. doi:10.1007/s11121-005-3408-1.
↑  Haber, Lintzeris, Proude & Lopatko, P, N, E, & O.  (PDF). Department of Health and Ageing. 2009  [23 January 2019]. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2019-03-05）.
↑  Chiesa A. . Subst Use Misuse. Apr 2014, 49 (5): 492–512. PMID 23461667. S2CID 34990668. doi:10.3109/10826084.2013.770027.
↑  Garland EL. . Front Psychiatry. Jan 2014, 4 (173): 173. PMC 3887509 . PMID 24454293. doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2013.00173 .
↑  Keyes, K.M. . American Journal of Epidemiology. 15 December 2010, 172 (12): 1364–1372. PMC 2998202 . PMID 21044992. doi:10.1093/aje/kwq304.
1 2  Birtel, Michèle D.; Wood, Lisa; Kempa, Nancy J. . Psychiatry Research. June 2017, 252: 1–8  [2021-09-18]. PMID 28237758. S2CID 207453622. doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2017.01.097. （原始内容存档于2022-02-26） （英语）.
↑  . Alcohol Alert. October 1995, (30 PH 359)  [1 Nov 2013]. （原始内容存档于2011-08-17）.
↑  Lieb, R.; Merikangas, K. R.; Höfler, M.; Pfister, H.; Isensee, B.; Wittchen, H.-U. . Psychological Medicine. 2002, 32 (1): 63–78  [2021-09-18]. PMID 11883731. S2CID 2251288. doi:10.1017/S0033291701004883. （原始内容存档于2022-03-14）.
↑  Shin, Sunny Hyucksun; Edwards, Erika; Heeren, Timothy; Amodeo, Maryann. . American Journal on Addictions. 2009, 18 (3): 226–234. PMID 19340641. doi:10.1080/10550490902786959.
↑  Brown, S. A.; McGue, M.; Maggs, J.; Schulenberg, J.; Hingson, R.; Swartzwelder, S.; Martin, C.; Chung, T.; Tapert, S. F.; Sher, K.; Winters, K. C.; Lowman, C.; Murphy, S. . Pediatrics. 2008, 121 (Suppl 4): S290–S310. PMC 2765460 . PMID 18381495. doi:10.1542/peds.2007-2243D.
↑  Beek, Jenny H. D. A.; Kendler, Kenneth S.; Moor, Marleen H. M.; Geels, Lot M.; Bartels, Meike; Vink, Jacqueline M.; Berg, Stéphanie M.; Willemsen, Gonneke; Boomsma, Dorret I. . Behavior Genetics. 2012, 42 (1): 40–56. PMC 3253297 . PMID 21818662. doi:10.1007/s10519-011-9488-8.
↑  . Medical News Today. 21 September 2009. （原始内容存档于13 February 2010）.
↑  Grant, BF.; Dawson, DA. . J Subst Abuse. 1997, 9: 103–10. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.473.9819 . PMID 9494942. doi:10.1016/S0899-3289(97)90009-2.
↑  Schwandt, M.L.; Lindell, S.G.; Chen, S.; Higley, J.D.; Suomi, S.J.; Heilig, M.; Barr, C.S. . Alcohol. Feb 2010, 44 (1): 67–80. PMC 2818103 . PMID 20113875. doi:10.1016/j.alcohol.2009.09.034.
↑  Stavro K, Pelletier J, Potvin S. . Addict Biol. March 2013, 18 (2): 203–13. PMID 22264351. S2CID 205401192. doi:10.1111/j.1369-1600.2011.00418.x.
↑  . World Health Organization.   [24 July 2017]. （原始内容存档于15 September 2017）.
↑  Groves, SA.; Stanley, BH.; Sher, L. . Int J Adolesc Med Health. 2007, 19 (1): 19–25. PMID 17458320. S2CID 23339243. doi:10.1515/IJAMH.2007.19.1.19.
1 2  Sung, Hung-En, , American Cancer Society: 1–2, 2016, ISBN 9781405165518, doi:10.1002/9781405165518.wbeosa039.pub2 （英语）  |chapter=被忽略 (帮助)
↑  "Send Us a Message." Alcoholism in Canada. Web. 03 Apr. 2012. <http://www.ledgehill.com/resources/addiction-info/alcoholism-in-canada/> 的存檔，存档日期March 29, 2012，..
↑  . AlcoholAction.   [1 December 2014]. （原始内容存档于7 December 2014）.
↑  Romanus, G. . Addiction. Dec 2000,. 95 Suppl 4 (12s4): S609–19. PMID 11218355. doi:10.1046/j.1360-0443.95.12s4.12.x.
↑  Dooldeniya, MD.; Khafagy, R.; Mashaly, H.; Browning, AJ.; Sundaram, SK.; Biyani, CS. . BMJ. Nov 2007, 335 (7627): 992–3. PMC 2072017 . PMID 17991983. doi:10.1136/bmj.39247.454005.BE. （原始内容存档于2009-07-26）.
↑  Alcoholism. (2013). Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia, 6th Edition, 1-2.
↑  .   [2021-09-18]. （原始内容存档于2021-09-15）.