查尔迪兰战役
註釋

↑  Mustafa Çetin Varlık. . . 伊斯坦堡: 土耳其宗教事務局，伊斯蘭研究中心. 1988年–2016年 （土耳其语）.  请检查|date=中的日期值 (帮助)
↑  Tucker, Spencer C. (编). . ABC-CLIO. 2010: 483. ISBN 978-1851096725.
↑  David Eggenberger, An  Encyclopedia of Battles, (Dover Publications, 1985), 85.
↑  Morgan, David O. The New Cambridge History of Islam Volume 3. The Eastern Islamic World, Eleventh to Eighteenth Centuries. Cambridge: Cambridge U, 2010. p.210 "Although the Safavids experienced military defeat at Chāldirān, the political outcome of the battle was a stalemate between the Ottomans and Safavids, even though the Ottomans ultimately won some territory from the Safavids. The stalemate was largely due to the ‘scorched earth’ strategy that the Safavids employed, making it impossible for the Ottomans to remain in the region"
↑  Ira M. Lapidus. "A History of Islamic Societies" （页面存档备份，存于） Cambridge University Press. ISBN 1139991507 p 336
↑  Matthee, Rudi. . . 2008  [2022-07-15]. （原始内容存档于2022-09-01）. Following Čālderān, the Ottomans briefly occupied Tabriz.
↑  Foundation, Encyclopaedia Iranica. . iranicaonline.org.   [2021-12-31]. （原始内容存档于2021-05-06）.
1 2  Savory 2007，第42頁.
↑  Keegan & Wheatcroft, Who's Who in Military History, Routledge, 1996. p. 268 "In 1515 Selim marched east with some 60,000 men; a proportion of these were skilled Janissaries, certainly the best infantry in Asia, and the sipahis, equally well-trained and disciplined cavalry. [...] The Azerbaijanian army, under Shah Ismail, was almost entirely composed of Turcoman tribal levies, a courageous but ill-disciplined cavalry army. Slightly inferior in numbers to the Turks, their charges broke against the Janissaries, who had taken up fixed positions behind rudimentary field works."
1 2  Encyclopedia of the Ottoman Empire, ed. Gábor Ágoston,Bruce Alan Masters, page 286, 2009
1 2 3 4  McCaffrey 1990，第656–658頁.
↑  Ágoston, Gábor. . Journal of World History. 2014, 25: 110.
↑  Roger M. Savory, Iran under the Safavids, Cambridge, 1980, p. 41
↑  Keegan & Wheatcroft, Who's Who in Military History, Routledge, 1996. p. 268
1 2  Kenneth Chase, Firearms: A Global History to 1700, 120.
↑  Serefname II
↑  Serefname II s. 158
↑  Ira M. Lapidus. "A History of Islamic Societies" （页面存档备份，存于） Cambridge University Press ISBN 1139991507 p 336
1 2 3 4 5 6  Mikaberidze 2015，第242頁.
↑  The Cambridge History of Iran, ed. William Bayne Fisher, Peter Jackson, Laurence Lockhart, 224
↑  Leslie P. Peirce, The Imperial Harem: Women and Sovereignty in the Ottoman Empire, (Oxford University Press, 1993), 37.
↑  Moojan Momen, An Introduction to Shiʻi Islam: The History and Doctrines of Twelver Shiʻism, (Yale University Press, 1985), 107.
↑  The Cambridge History of Iran, ed. William Bayne Fisher, Peter Jackson, Laurence Lockhart, 359.
↑  Martin Sicker, The Islamic World in Ascendancy: From the Arab conquests to the Siege of Vienna, (Praeger Publishers, 2000), 197.
↑  Caroline Finkel, Osman's Dream, (Basic Books, 2006), 104. .
↑  Caroline Finkel, Osman's Dream, 105.
↑  Caroline Finkel, Osman's Dream, 105
↑  Caroline Finkel, Osman's Dream, 106.
↑  Floor 2001，第189頁.
↑  Andrew James McGregor, A Military History of Modern Egypt: From the Ottoman Conquest to the Ramadan War, (Greenwood Publishing, 2006), 17.
↑  Gene Ralph Garthwaite, The Persians, (Blackwell Publishing, 2005), 164.
↑  The Cambridge history of Iran, ed. William Bayne Fisher, Peter Jackson, Laurence Lockhart, pg. 224.
↑  The Cambridge history of Islam, Part 1, ed. Peter Malcolm Holt, Ann K. S. Lambton, Bernard Lewis, pg. 401
↑  The Cambridge History of Islam, Part 1, By Peter Malcolm Holt, Ann K. S. Lambton, Bernard Lewis, p. 401.
↑  Elton L. Daniel, The History of Iran (ABC-CLIO, 2012) 86
↑  Gunpowder and Firearms in the Mamluk Sultanate Reconsidered, Robert Irwin, The Mamluks in Egyptian and Syrian politics and society, ed. Michael Winter and Amalia Levanoni, (Brill, 2004) 127
↑  .   [26 May 2014]. （原始内容存档于2021-12-19）.
↑  Floor 2001, p. 131.
↑  Faroqhi, Suraiya. . Markus Wiener Publishers. 20 January 2018  [2018-09-22]. （原始内容存档于2019-05-20） –Google Books.
↑  Rudi Matthee, The Pursuit of Pleasure: Drugs and Stimulants in Iranian history, 1500–1900, (Princeton University Press, 2005), 77