核武器设计方案
参考

↑  Life Editors, , Life (Vol. 51, No. 19, November 10, 1961) (New York), 1961, (Vol. 51, No. 19, November 10, 1961): 34–37  [2010-06-28], （原始内容存档于2017-08-24） . Article on the Soviet Tsar Bomba test.  由于爆炸的能量以球形在空间散播，而地面目标基本上是分布在一个平面上，因此使用多个小当量核武器会造成更大的破坏， 35页: ". . .five five-megaton weapons would demolish a greater area than a single 50-megatonner."
↑  fr 971324,Caisse Nationale de la Recherche Scientifique (National Fund for Scientific Research),「Perfectionnements aux charges explosives (Improvements to explosive charges)」,发表于16 January 1951,发行于12 July 1950 .
↑  本节的主要数据来源为Samuel Glasstone and Philip Dolan, The Effects of Nuclear Weapons, Third Edition, 1977, U.S. Dept of Defense and U.S. Dept of Energy (see links in General References, below), with the same information in more detail in Samuel Glasstone, Sourcebook on Atomic Energy, Third Edition, 1979, U.S. Atomic Energy Commission, Krieger Publishing.
↑  Glasstone and Dolan, Effects, p. 12.
↑  Glasstone, Sourcebook, p. 503.
↑  "neutrons carry off most of the reaction energy," Glasstone and Dolan, Effects, p. 21.
↑  Glasstone and Dolan, Effects, p. 12–13. When one pound (454 g) of U-235 undergoes complete fission, the yield is 8 kilotons. The 13-to-16-kiloton yield of the Little Boy bomb was therefore produced by the fission no more than two pounds (907 g) of U-235, out of the 141 pounds (64 kg) in the pit. The remaining 139 pounds (63 kg), 98.5% of the total, contributed nothing to the energy yield.
↑  Compere, A.L., and Griffith, W.L. 1991. "The U.S. Calutron Program for Uranium Enrichment: History,. Technology, Operations, and Production. Report," ORNL-5928, as cited in John Coster-Mullen, "Atom Bombs: The Top Secret Inside Story of Little Boy and Fat Man," 2003, footnote 28, p. 18. The total wartime output of Oralloy produced at Oak Ridge by July 28, 1945 was 165 pounds (74.68 kg). Of this amount, 84% was scattered over Hiroshima (see previous footnote).
↑  "Restricted Data Declassification Decisions from 1945 until Present" （页面存档备份，存于） – "Fact that plutonium and uranium may be bonded to each other in unspecified pits or weapons."
↑  All information on nuclear weapon tests comes from Chuck Hansen, The Swords of Armageddon: U.S. Nuclear Weapons Development since 1945, October 1995, Chucklea Productions, Volume VIII, p. 154, Table A-1, "U.S. Nuclear Detonations and Tests, 1945–1962."
↑  Nuclear Weapons FAQ: 4.1.6.3 Hybrid Assembly Techniques, accessed December 1, 2007. Drawing adapted from the same source.
↑  Nuclear Weapons FAQ: 4.1.6.2.2.4 Cylindrical and Planar Shock Techniques, accessed December 1, 2007.
↑  "Restricted Data Declassification Decisions from 1946 until Present", Section V.B.2.k （页面存档备份，存于） "The fact of use in high explosive assembled (HEA) weapons of spherical shells of fissile materials, sealed pits; air and ring HE lenses," declassified November 1972.
↑  http://nuclearweaponarchive.org/Nwfaq/Nfaq4-4.html#Nfaq4.4.3.3
↑  在二十世纪五十年代完成了二阶段核弹的可靠设计以前，所谓的氢弹被业内人士称为「超级炸弹」。随后，业内人士使用了更描述性的名字：二阶段热核武器。两个例子：From Herb York, The Advisors, 1976, "This book is about ... the development of the H-bomb, or the superbomb as it was then called." p. ix, and "The rapid and successful development of the superbomb (or super as it came to be called) . . ." p. 5. From National Public Radio Talk of the Nation, November 8, 2005, Siegfried Hecker of Los Alamos, "the hydrogen bomb – that is, a two-stage thermonuclear device, as we referred to it – is indeed the principal part of the US arsenal, as it is of the Russian arsenal."
↑  "Improved Security, Safety & Manufacturability of the Reliable Replacement Warhead," （页面存档备份，存于） NNSA March 2007.
↑  A 1976 drawing （页面存档备份，存于） which depicts an interstage that absorbs and re-radiates x-rays. From Howard Morland, "The Article," （页面存档备份，存于） Cardozo Law Review, March 2005, p 1374.
↑  "ArmsControlWonk: FOGBANK" （页面存档备份，存于）, March 7, 2008. (Accessed 2010-04-06)
↑  "SAND8.8 - 1151 Nuclear Weapon Data -- Sigma I," （页面存档备份，存于） Sandia Laboratories, September 1988.
↑  The Greenpeace drawing. （页面存档备份，存于） From Morland, Cardozo Law Review, March 2005, p 1378.
↑  "The ‘Alarm Clock' ... became practical only by the inclusion of Li6 (in 1950) and its combination with the radiation implosion." Hans A. Bethe, Memorandum on the History of Thermonuclear Program （页面存档备份，存于）, May 28, 1952.
↑  See map.
↑  http://nuclearweaponarchive.org/Usa/Tests/Redwing.html
↑  http://nuclearweaponarchive.org/Usa/Tests/Hardtack1.html
↑  http://nuclearweaponarchive.org/Nwfaq/Nfaq4-5.html
↑  Samuel Glasstone, The Effects of Nuclear Weapons, 1962, Revised 1964, U.S. Dept of Defense and U.S. Dept of Energy, pp.464–5. This section was removed from later editions, but, according to Glasstone in 1978, not because it was inaccurate or because the weapons had changed.
↑  Broad, William J. (7 September 1999), "Spies versus sweat, the debate over China's nuclear advance," The New York Times, p 1. The front page drawing （页面存档备份，存于） was similar to one that appeared four months earlier in the San Jose Mercury News.
↑  Jonathan Medalia, "The Reliable Replacement Warhead Program: Background and Current Developments," CRS Report RL32929 （页面存档备份，存于）, Dec 18, 2007, p CRS-11.
↑  Richard Garwin, "Why China Won't Build U.S. Warheads" 的存檔，存档日期2005-11-05., Arms Control Today, April–May 1999.
↑  Home - NNSA 的存檔，存档日期2007-04-01.
↑  DoE Fact Sheet: Reliable Replacement Warhead Program 的存檔，存档日期2008-08-20.
↑  Walter Goad, Declaration for the Wen Ho Lee case （页面存档备份，存于）, May 17, 2000. Goad began thermonuclear weapon design work at Los Alamos in 1950. In his Declaration, he mentions "basic scientific problems of computability which cannot be solved by more computing power alone. These are typified by the problem of long range predictions of weather and climate, and extend to predictions of nuclear weapons behavior. This accounts for the fact that, after the enormous investment of effort over many years, weapons codes can still not be relied on for significantly new designs."
↑  Chuck Hansen, The Swords of Armageddon, Volume IV, pp. 211–212, 284.
↑  Dr. John C. Clark, as told to Robert Cahn, "We Were Trapped by Radioactive Fallout," The Saturday Evening Post, July 20, 1957, pp. 17–19, 69–71. （页面存档备份，存于）
↑  Richard Rhodes, Dark Sun; the Making of the Hydrogen Bomb, Simon and Schuster, 1995, p. 541.
铀-235的分裂方式可能有几十种，這是其中一種。圖中表示鈾-235原子核（U-235）分裂為銣-92原子核（Rb-92），銫-140原子核(Cs-140), 和兩個中子（N），同時釋放出200MeV能量。


A 点火前的核弹头。初级在顶部，次级在底部。两部分都是聚变增强裂变核弹。
B 高爆炸药将初级核弹点火，将钚核装药压缩至超过临界状态，开始裂变反应。
 C 初级裂变放出X射线，沿着聚苯乙烯泡沫塑料的通道传递。
D 次级核弹被X射线引起的烧蚀所压缩，而插在次级中的钚火花塞也开始裂变，提供热量。
E 氘化锂-6在被压缩和加热后，开始聚变反应，中子流使得反射层也开始裂变，同时一个火球也开始形成……
低音管核彈，該設計可以用於製造一枚當量為三百五十萬噸的乾淨核彈，也可以用於製造一枚當量為兩千五百萬噸的放射性核彈。此照片所示為在1956年測試前的放射性核彈。


丝兰平地上的弹坑, 内华达测试场.