南非種族隔離
參考文獻

1 2 3 4  A. Du Toit, H.B. Giliomee. . University of California Press.   [2013-06-07]. （原始内容存档于2014-10-06）.
↑  .   [2014-08-19]. （原始内容存档于2014-08-06）.
↑   (PDF).   [2012-08-11]. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2013-07-29）.
↑  Gallagher, Michael. . BBC News.   [2002-06-17]. （原始内容存档于2002-10-02）.
↑  Baldwin-Ragaven, Laurel; London, Lesley; du Gruchy, Jeanelle (1999). An ambulance of the wrong colour: health professionals, human rights and ethics in South Africa. Juta and Company Limited. p. 18
↑  . African Studies Center of Michigan State University.   [2013-12-26]. （原始内容存档于2013-12-14）.
1 2  . Centre de recherches pour le développement international.   [2014-08-19]. （原始内容存档于2010-04-26）.
1 2  Lodge, Tom. . New York: Longman. 1983.
↑  .   [2014-08-19]. （原始内容存档于2014-09-12）.
↑  . BBC News. 1990-02-02  [2009-02-21]. （原始内容存档于2009-02-15）.
↑  R.W Lee. . Oxford, Clarendon Press.   [2011-03-27].
↑  Gish, Steven (2000). Alfred B. Xuma: African, American, South African. New York University Press. p. 8.
↑  Hoiberg, Dale; Ramchandani, Indu (2000). Students' Britannica India, Volumes 1–5. Popular Prakashan. p. 142.
↑  Allen, John (2005). Apartheid South Africa: An Insider's Overview of the Origin And Effects of Separate Development. iUniverse. p. xi.
1 2  Leach, Graham (1986). South Africa: no easy path to peace. Routledge. p. 68.
↑  Tankard, Keith (9 May 2004). Chapter 9 The Natives (Urban Areas) Act （页面存档备份，存于）. Rhodes University. knowledge4africa.com.
↑  Baroness Young – Minister of State, Foreign and Commonwealth Office (4 July 1986). South Africa House of Lords Debate vol 477 cc1159-250 （页面存档备份，存于）. Hansard.
↑  The Representation of Natives Act （页面存档备份，存于）. sahistory.org
↑  Reddy, E.S. . sahistory.org.za. SA History.   [2015-02-23]. （原始内容存档于2015-02-23）.
↑  Ambrosio, Thomas (2002). Ethnic identity groups and U.S. foreign policy. Greenwood Publishing Group. pp. 56–57.
↑  P. Brits, Modern South Africa: Afrikaner power, the politics of race, and resistance, 1902 to the 1970s (Pretoria, University of South Africa Press, 2007), p37
↑  . about.com.   [2015-03-25]. （原始内容存档于2013-06-23）.
↑  . South African History Online.   [2008-07-13]. （原始内容存档于2008-08-16）.
↑  Alistair Boddy-Evans. African History: Apartheid Legislation in South Africa （页面存档备份，存于）, About.Com. Retrieved 5 June 2007.
↑  Boddy-Evans, Alistar. Population Registration Act No 30 of 1950 （页面存档备份，存于）. About.com.
↑  Ungar, Sanford (1989). Africa: the people and politics of an emerging continent. Simon & Schuster. p. 224.
↑  Goldin, Ian (1987). Making race: the politics and economics of coloured identity in South Africa. Longman. p. xxvi.
↑  Boddy-Evans, Alistar. Group Areas Act No 41 of 1950 （页面存档备份，存于）. About.com.
↑  Besteman, Catherine Lowe (2008). Transforming Cape Town. University of California Press. p. 6.
↑  Boddy-Evans, Alistar. Apartheid Legislation in South Africa （页面存档备份，存于）. About.com.
↑  Beck, Roger B. (2000). The history of South Africa. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 128. ISBN 978-0-313-30730-0.
↑  Byrnes, Rita M. . Washington: GPO for the Library of Congress. 1996  [2015-03-25]. （原始内容存档于2011-06-29）.
↑  . About.com.   [2007-03-14]. （原始内容存档于2007-02-25）.
↑  . African National Congress.   [2008-07-14]. （原始内容存档于2008-06-22）.
↑  Van der Ross, R. E.; Marais, Johannes Stephanus (1986). The rise and decline of apartheid: a study of political movements among the Coloured people of South Africa, 1880–1985. Tafelberg. p. 255.
↑  Davis, Dennis; Le Roux, Michelle (2009). Precedent & Possibility: The (Ab)use of Law in South Africa. Juta and Company Limited. p. 20. ISBN 978-1-77013-022-7.
↑  Rielations. Penguin Books. p. 332.
↑  Hatch, John Charles (1965). A history of post-war Africa. Praeger. p. 213.
↑  Witz, Leslie (2003). Apartheid's festival: contesting South Africa's national pasts. Indiana University Press. p. 134.
↑  Wilson, Monica Hunter; Thompson, Leonard Monteath (1969). The Oxford history of South Africa, Volume 2. Oxford University Press. p. 405.
↑  "South Africa official yearbook." (1991). South African State Department of Information. p. 18. Current edition available here （页面存档备份，存于）
↑  Muller, C. F. J. (1975). Five hundred years: a history of South Africa. Academica. p. 430.
↑  Mountain, Alan (2003). The first people of the Cape: a look at their history and the impact of colonialism on the Cape's indigenous people. New Africa Books. p. 72.
↑  Du Pre, R H. (1994). Separate but Unequal – The 'Coloured' People of South Africa – A Political History. Jonathan Ball Publishers, Johannesburg. pp. 134–139.
↑  Muller (1975), p. 508.
↑  Booth, Douglas (1998). The race game: sport and politics in South Africa. Routledge. p. 89.
↑  Thompson, Paul Singer (1990). Natalians first: separatism in South Africa, 1909–1961. Southern Book Publishers. p. 167.
↑  Joyce, Peter (2007). The making of a nation: South Africa's road to freedom. Zebra. p. 118.
↑  Suzman, Helen (1993). In no uncertain terms: a South African memoir. Knopf. p. 35.
↑  Keppel-Jones, Arthur (1975). South Africa: a short history. Hutchinson. p. 132.
↑  Lacour-Gayet, Robert (1977). A history of South Africa. Cassell. p. 311.
↑  p. 15
↑  Evans, Ivan. Bureaucracy and Race: Native Administration in South Africa. Berkeley: U of California, 1997. N. pag. Print.
↑  Amisi, Baruti, and Simphiwe Nojiyeza. Access to Decent Sanitation in South Africa: The Challenges of Eradicating the Bucket System Baruti Amisi n. pag. Feb. 2008. Web.
↑  Those who had the money to travel or emigrate were not given full passports; instead, travel documents were issued.
↑   (PDF).   [2015-03-25]. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2019-12-18）.
↑  Western, J. . Political Geography. June 2002, 21 (5): 711–716. doi:10.1016/S0962-6298(02)00016-1.
↑  .   [2008-01-07]. （原始内容存档于2008-01-17）.
↑  . 時代雜誌. 1955-02-21  [2015-03-25]. （原始内容存档于2013-08-27）.
↑  Mandela, Nelson. p. 179.
↑  Muller, Carol. . Routledge. 2008.
↑  On apartheid transport see Pirie, G.H. Travelling under apartheid. In D M Smith (ed.), The Apartheid City and Beyond: Urbanisation and Social Change in South Africa. Routledge, London (1992), pp. 172–181.
↑  Health Sector Strategic Framework 1999–2004 – Background （页面存档备份，存于）, Department of Health, 2004. Retrieved 8 November 2006.
↑  Saaty, Thomas. . Springer Publishing. : 119.
↑  Omond, Roger.  2nd. Harmondsworth, Middlesex, England: Penguin Books. 1986: 102–109. ISBN 0-14-022749-0.
↑  Lemon, Anthony. . Review. 2009.
1 2 3  Patric Tariq Mellet "Intro" Archive.today的存檔，存档日期2012-07-07, Cape Slavery Heritage. Retrieved 24 May 2011.[]
↑  . ANC.   [2014-01-15]. （原始内容存档于2014-01-16）.
↑  Cotula, Lorenzo. . Rome: FAO. 2006: 46–52  [2015-03-25]. ISBN 9789251055632. （原始内容存档于2015-04-01）.
↑  Lapchick, Richard E.; Stephanie Urdang. . Greenwood Press. 1982: 48, 52.
↑  Bernstein, Hilda. . International Defence and Aid Fund for Southern Africa. 1985: 48.
↑  Alegi, Peter. . University of KwaZula-Natal Press. 2004: 59.
1 2  Nixon, Rob. . Indiana University Press. 1992: 75, 77.
↑  . （原始内容存档于2016-10-14）.
↑  .   [2015-03-25]. （原始内容存档于2012-04-23）.
↑  . China Realtime Report. 2008-06-19  [2015-03-25]. （原始内容存档于2013-06-23）.
↑  Sze, Szeming.  Digital. Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh. 2014: 42  [2014-11-07]. （原始内容存档于2014-11-08）.
↑  Cros, Bernard. . 1997  [2015-03-25]. （原始内容存档于2009-08-25）.
↑  African National Congress. . 1987  [2007-12-28]. （原始内容存档于2007-12-16）.
↑  A War Won （页面存档备份，存于）, 時代雜誌, 9 June 1961
↑  16 June 1976 Student Uprising in Soweto （页面存档备份，存于）. africanhistory.about.com
↑  Harrison, David. . 1987.
↑  (Les Payne of Newsday said at least 850 murders were documented) Elsabe Brink; Gandhi Malungane; Steve Lebelo; Dumisani Ntshangase; Sue Krige, Soweto 16 June 1976, 2001, 9
↑  J. C. Gordon Brown, Blazes Along a Diplomatic Trail: A Memoir of Four Posts in the Canadian Foreign Service （页面存档备份，存于） (Trafford Publishing, 2000) p300
↑  Nelson Mandela （页面存档备份，存于） United Nations
↑  Ampiah, Kweku (1997). The dynamics of Japan's relations with Africa: South Africa, Tanzania and Nigeria. CRC Press. p. 147.
↑  .   [2015-03-25]. （原始内容存档于2009-10-17）.
↑  .   [2015-03-25]. （原始内容存档于2010-04-30）.
↑  Lyal S. Sunga, The Emerging System of International Criminal Law: Developments in Codification and Implementation, Brill Publishers (1997), pp. 119–125.
↑  Elliott, Kimberly Ann; Hufbauer, Gary Clyde; Oegg, Barbara. . The Concise Encyclopedia of Economics 2nd. Library of Economics and Liberty. 2008  [2015-03-25]. ISBN 978-0865976658. OCLC 237794267. （原始内容存档于2008-12-24）.
↑  . United States Congress.   [2009-02-22]. （原始内容存档于2011-07-22）.
↑  Pope Attacks Apartheid in Speech at U.N. Court （页面存档备份，存于） Los Angeles Times, 13 May 1985
↑  Pope's South Africa Visit Honours 2 Vows （页面存档备份，存于） The New York Times, 13 May 1995
1 2  Geldenhuys, Deon (1990). Isolated states: a comparative analysis. Cambridge University Press. p. 274.
↑  Royal African Society (1970). African affairs, Volumes 69–70. Oxford University Press. p. 178.
↑  Hall, Richard (1970). "The Lusaka Manifesto." African Affairs. 69 (275): 178–179.
↑  Rubin, Leslie; Weinstein, Brian (1977). Introduction to African politics: a continental approach. Praeger. p. 128.
↑  Klotz, Audie (1999). Norms in International Relations: The Struggle Against Apartheid. Cornell University Press. p. 77.
↑  Pfister, Roger. . I.B.Tauris. 2005  [2015-03-26]. ISBN 978-1-85043-625-6. （原始内容存档于2015-04-07）.
↑  Beck, Roger B. . Greenwood Publishing Group. 2000  [2015-03-26]. ISBN 978-0-313-30730-0. （原始内容存档于2015-04-07）.
↑  Ndlovu, Sifiso Mxolisi. .  2. Unisa Press. 2004  [2015-03-26]. ISBN 978-1-86888-406-3. （原始内容存档于2015-04-07）.
↑  International Labour Office (1991). Apartheid: Special Report of the Directed General on the Application of the Decoration Concerning the Policy of South Africa. International Labour Organization. p. 46.
↑  Bangura, Abdul Karim (2004). Sweden vs apartheid: putting morality ahead of profit. Ashgate Publishing, Ltd. p. 104.
↑  Grieg, Charlotte (2008). Cold Blooded Killings: Hits, Assassinations, and Near Misses That Shook the World. Booksales Inc Remainders. p. 43.
↑  . ANC. 1988-06-13  [2012-09-25]. （原始内容存档于2008-05-23）.
↑  . News24. 2003-07-18  [2015-03-26]. （原始内容存档于2006-09-24）.
↑  ALEC's "Institutional Corruption", From Backing Apartheid to Assault on Clean Energy, Public Sector （页面存档备份，存于）. Democracy Now! 11 December 2013.
↑  Mark Phillips and Colin Coleman.  (PDF). Transformation. 1989  [2015-03-26]. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2012-10-18）.
↑  . Minesandcommunities.org.   [2011-01-03]. （原始内容存档于2008-01-19）.
↑  . BBC News. 2008-05-12  [2011-01-03]. （原始内容存档于2008-07-26）.
↑  . 1997-05-20  [2015-03-26]. （原始内容存档于2013-02-11）.
↑  Lisbon Conference of the African National Congress. . March 1977  [2007-12-28]. （原始内容存档于2007-07-14）.
↑  McGreal, Chris. . The Guardian (UK). 2006-02-07  [2010-04-03]. （原始内容存档于2010-02-25）.
↑  McGreal, Chris. . The Guardian (UK). 2010-05-24  [2010-05-24]. （原始内容存档于2010-05-25）.
↑  McGreal, Chris. . The Guardian (UK). 2010-05-24  [2010-05-24]. （原始内容存档于2010-05-25）.
↑  Kershner, Isabel. . The New York Times. 2010-05-24  [2015-03-26]. （原始内容存档于2016-01-12）.
↑  . The Jerusalem Post. 2006-11-02  [2006-11-02]. （原始内容存档于2013-07-06）.
↑  Ellis, Stephen; Sechaba (1992). Comrades against apartheid: the ANC and the South African Communist Party in exile. James Currey Publishers. p. 106.
↑  Brecher, Michael; Wilkenfeld, Jonathan (1997). A study of crisis, Part 443. University of Michigan Press. p. 477.
↑  Heitman, Helmoed-R. (1990). War in Angola: the final South African phase. Ashanti Pub. p. 10.
1 2 3  Hanlon, Joseph (1986). Beggar your neighbours: apartheid power in Southern Africa. James Currey Publishers. p. 27. ISBN 978-0-85255-305-3.
1 2  Watson, Wendy (2007). Brick by brick: an informal guide to the history of South Africa. New Africa Books.
↑  Purkitt, Helen E.; Burgess, Stephen Franklin (2005). South Africa's weapons of mass destruction. Indiana University Press. p. 152.
↑  Gale Research (1995). Worldmark Encyclopedia of the Nations: Africa. Gale Research. p. 292.
↑  International Peace Academy. (1988). Southern Africa in crisis: regional and international responses. BRILL. p. 62.
↑  Truth and Reconciliation Commission (1998). Truth and Reconciliation Commission of South Africa report. The Commission. p. 498. ISBN 978-0-620-23076-6.
↑  Fox, William; Fourie, Marius; Van Wyk, Belinda (1998). Police Management in South Africa. Juta and Company Limited. p. 167.
↑  Anzovin, Steven (1987). South Africa: apartheid and divestiture. H.W. Wilson Co. p. 80. ISBN 978-0-8242-0749-6.
↑  Foster, Don; Davis, Dennis (1987). Detention & torture in South Africa: psychological, legal & historical studies. Currey. p. 18. ISBN 978-0-85255-317-6.
↑  Pomeroy, William J. (1986). Apartheid, imperialism, and African freedom. International Publishers. p. 226. ISBN 978-0-7178-0640-9.
↑  Legum, Colin (1989). Africa contemporary record: annual survey and documents, Volume 20. Africana Pub. Co. p. 668.
↑  McKendrick, Brian; Hoffmann, Wilman (1990). People and violence in South Africa. Oxford University Press. p. 62.
↑  Blond, Rebecca; Fitzpatrick, Mary (2004). South Africa, Lesotho & Swaziland. Lonely Planet. p. 40.
↑   (PDF).   [2015-03-26]. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2017-01-19）.
1 2  Nigel, Worden, The making of modern South Africa: Conquest, Segregation and Apartheid, 3rd ed. (Oxford: Blackwell Publishing Ltd, 2000) p. 3.
↑  Philip Boner, Peter, Delius, Deborah, Posel, "The Shaping of Apartheid, contradiction, continuity and popular struggle", The Worlds Knowledge, (1993) pp. 1–47 (p. 6.)
↑  Philip Boner, Peter, Delius, Deborah, Posel, "The Shaping of Apartheid, contradiction, continuity and popular struggle", The Worlds Knowledge, (1993) pp. 1–47 (p. 7.)
1 2  Paul, Maylam, "The Rise and Decline of Urban Apartheid in South Africa", African Affairs, 89.354(1990) pp. 57–84 (p. 54.)
1 2 3  Saul, Dubow, "Afrikaner Nationalism, Apartheid and the conceptualisation of 'Race'", The Journal of African History, 33(1992) pp. 209–237 (pp. 209, 211)
↑  L.H, Gann, "Apartheids Genesis 1935–1962", Business Library, (1994) pp. 1–6. (p. 1.)
↑  Legasick, Martin (1974). "Legislation, Ideology and Economy in Post-1948 South Africa." Journal of South African Studies. 1 (1): 5–35.
↑  Giliomee, Hermann. . Political Science Quarterly. 1995.
↑  Weymouth Genova, Ann. . ProQuest. 2007: 123  [2012-04-11]. ISBN 978-0-549-26666-2. （原始内容存档于2013-05-30）.  Weymouth Genova covers the possibility of Nigerian oil going to South Africa in detail from page 113. Heavily laden tankers have to respect the ocean currents which means they travel clockwise around Africa; oil for South Africa would likely come from the Middle East rather than West Africa. Nigeria had been taking over other oil marketing companies to reduce price differentials across the country; they needed to fill a budget shortfall due to low oil prices and had a history of disputes with BP and the British government so BP assets were seized when Shell's stake in SPDC was not.
↑  Weymouth Genova, Ann. . ProQuest. 2007: 171  [2012-04-11]. ISBN 978-0-549-26666-2. （原始内容存档于2013-06-13）.
↑  Contreras, Rebecca; Rennebohm, Max. . Global Nonviolent Action Database. Swarthmore College. 2011-06-02  [2013-04-25]. （原始内容存档于2013-12-11）.
↑  Knox, Colin; Quirk, Pádraic (2000). Peace building in Northern Ireland, Israel and South Africa: transition, transformation and reconciliation. Palgrave Macmillan. p. 151.
↑  Beinart, William (2001). Twentieth-century South Africa. Oxford University Press. p. 202. ISBN 978-0-19-289318-5.
↑  Taylor & Francis Group (2004). Europa World Year Book 2, Book 2. Taylor & Francis. p. 3841.
↑  Taylor, Paul (23 December 1993). "S. Africa Approves Charter; White-Led Parliament Votes for Constitution Canceling Its Powers." The Washington Post.
↑  Wople, Harold (1990). Race, class & the apartheid state. Africa World Press. p. 93. ISBN 978-0-86543-142-3.
↑  Marais, D. (1989). South Africa: constitutional development, a multi-disciplinary approach. Southern Book Publishers. p. 258. ISBN 978-1-86812-159-5.
↑  Lötter, Hennie P. P. (1997). Injustice, violence and peace: the case of South Africa. Rodopi. p. 49. ISBN 978-90-420-0264-7.
↑  "Cops fight crowds at S. Africa elections." Philadelphia Daily News. 28 August 1984.
↑  South Africa: Adapt or Die （页面存档备份，存于）. Time.
↑  Lieberfeld, Daniel (2002). "Evaluating the Contributions of Track-two Diplomacy to Conflict Termination in South Africa, 1984–90." Journal of Peace Research. 39 (3): 355–372. doi:10.1177/0022343302039003006
↑  Roherty, James Michael (1992). State security in South Africa: civil-military relations under P.W. Botha. M.E. Sharpe. p. 23. ISBN 978-0-87332-877-7.
↑  Macleod, Scott. . Time. 1992-07-07  [2015-03-26]. （原始内容存档于2013-05-21）.
↑  .   [2007-12-03]. （原始内容存档于2008-03-09）.
↑  Kemp, Arthur (2008). Victory Or Violence – The Story of the Awb of South Africa. Lulu.com. pp. 165–166. ISBN 978-1-4092-0187-8.
↑  . Nobel Foundation.   [2007-04-27]. （原始内容存档于2006-06-20）.
↑  Christian Century. . BNet, a CBS Company. 1994-05-11  [2008-07-13].  []
↑  Truth and Reconciliation Commission. . South African Department of Justice and Constitutional Development.   [2008-07-13]. （原始内容存档于2009-08-27）.
↑  Deegan, Heather (2001). The politics of the new South Africa: apartheid and after. Pearson Education. p. 194. ISBN 978-0-582-38227-5.
↑  Jeffery, A.  People's War: New Light on the Struggle for South Africa.  Jonathan Ball.
↑  . Independent Electoral Commission (IEC).   [2008-07-13]. （原始内容存档于2008-06-28）.
↑  Lijphart, Arend. . FairVote.   [2008-07-13]. （原始内容存档于2008-10-26）.
↑  De Klerk apologises again for apartheid （页面存档备份，存于）. South African Press Association. 14 May 1997.
↑  Meldrum, Andrew (11 April 2005). Apartheid party bows out with apology （页面存档备份，存于）. The Guardian.
↑  Macharia, James (11 April 2005). South Africa apartheid party votes to dissolve （页面存档备份，存于）. Boston Globe.
↑  . South African Government Information. 2006-08-28  [2009-02-22]. （原始内容存档于2009-08-28）.
↑  Volume Five Chapter Six – Findings and Conclusions （页面存档备份，存于）. Report of the Truth and Reconciliation Commission.