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1 2 3 4  “Mesopotamia”, Wikipedia (bằng tiếng Anh), 24 tháng 8 năm 2022, truy cập ngày 29 tháng 8 năm 2022
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↑  Winter, Irene J. (1985). "After the Battle is Over: The 'Stele of the Vultures' and the Beginning of Historical Narrative in the Art of the Ancient Near East". In Kessler, Herbert L.; Simpson, Marianna Shreve. Pictorial Narrative in Antiquity and the Middle Ages. Center for Advanced Study in the Visual Arts, Symposium Series IV. 16. Washington DC: National Gallery of Art. pp. 11–32. ISSN 0091-7338.
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↑  Bertman, Stephen (2005). Handbook to life in ancient Mesopotamia . Oxford [u.a.]: Oxford Univ. Press. tr. 312. ISBN 978-0-19-518364-1.
↑  Giorgio Buccellati (1981), "Wisdom and Not: The Case of Mesopotamia", Journal of the American Oriental Society 101 (1), pp. 35–47.
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↑  Richard Bulliet; Pamela Kyle Crossley; Daniel Headrick; Steven Hirsch; Lyman Johnson; David Northup (ngày 1 tháng 1 năm 2010). The Earth and Its Peoples: A Global History. Cengage Learning. ISBN 978-0-538-74438-6. Truy cập ngày 30 tháng 5 năm 2012.
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↑  H.W.F. Saggs - Professor Emeritus of Semitic Languages at University College, Cardiff (2000). Babylonians. University of California Press. ISBN 978-0-520-20222-1. Truy cập ngày 29 tháng 5 năm 2012.
↑  Roux, Georges, (1993) "Ancient Iraq" (Penguin)
↑  Eves, Howard (1969). An Introduction to the History of Mathematics. Holt, Rinehart and Winston. tr. 31.
1 2  Pingree, David (1998), "Legacies in Astronomy and Celestial Omens", in Dalley, Stephanie (ed.), The Legacy of Mesopotamia, Oxford University Press, pp. 125–137, ISBN 978-0-19-814946-0
↑  Evans, James (1998). The History and Practice of Ancient Astronomy. Oxford University Press. tr. 296–297. ISBN 978-0-19-509539-5. Truy cập ngày 4 tháng 2 năm 2008.
↑  Holden, James Herschel, 1996. A History of Horoscopic Astrology. AFA. ISBN 978-0-86690-463-6, tr. 1
↑  Aaboe, Asger. "The culture of Babylonia: Babylonian mathematics, astrology, and astronomy". The Assyrian and Babylonian Empires and other States of the Near East, from the Eighth to the Sixth Centuries B.C. Eds. John Boardman, I. E. S. Edwards, N. G. L. Hammond, E. Sollberger and C. B. F. Walker. Cambridge University Press, (1991)
↑  D. Brown (2000), Mesopotamian Planetary Astronomy-Astrology, Styx Publications, ISBN 90-5693-036-2.
↑  Otto E. Neugebauer (1945). "The History of Ancient Astronomy Problems and Methods", Journal of Near Eastern Studies 4 (1), pp. 1–38.
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↑  William P. D. Wightman (1951, 1953), The Growth of Scientific Ideas, Yale University Press p. 38.
↑  Leo Oppenheim (1977). Ancient Mesopotamia: Portrait of a Dead Civilization. University of Chicago Press. tr. 290.
↑  R D. Biggs (2005). “Medicine, Surgery, and Public Health in Ancient Mesopotamia”. Journal of Assyrian Academic Studies. 19: 7–18.
↑  M. J. Geller (2004).  H. F. J. Horstmanshoff; Marten Stol; Cornelis Tilburg (biên tập). West Meets East: Early Greek and Babylonian Diagnosis. Magic and rationality in ancient Near Eastern and Graeco-Roman medicine. Brill Publishers. tr. 11–186. ISBN 978-90-04-13666-3.
↑  Stephanie Dalley and John Peter Oleson (January 2003). "Sennacherib, Archimedes, and the Water Screw: The Context of Invention in the Ancient World", Technology and Culture 44 (1).
↑  Open media to connect communities
↑  Frankfort, 24–37
↑  Frankfort, 45–59
↑  Frankfort, 61–66
↑  Frankfort, Chapters 2–5
↑  Frankfort, 110–112
↑  Frankfort, 66–74
↑  Frankfort, 71–73
↑  Frankfort, 66–74; 167
↑  Frankfort, 141–193
↑  A Companion to the Ancient Near East, 2005, ISBN 978-0-631-23293-3
↑  “Mesopotamia”. Truy cập ngày 21 tháng 7 năm 2017.