Cuộc vây hãm Acre (1291)
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↑  Burgtorf, Jochen (2006). “Acre, Siege of (1291)”.  Trong Alan V. Murray (biên tập). The Crusades: An Encyclopedia. 1. Santa Barbara: ABC-CLIO. tr. 13–14. OCLC 70122512.
↑  Author, D. Nicolle, Acre 1291: Bloody sunset of the Crusading states. Osprey 2005. D
↑  "A History of the Crusades" by Sir Steven Runciman, p.408
1 2  Runciman, p.409
↑  Runciman, p.410-411
↑  William of Beaujeu (Guillaume de Beaujeu) was the 21st Grand Master of the Knights Templar, from 1273 until his death during the siege of Acre in 1291. See Guillaume de Beaujeu
↑  "Because you have been a true man, so we send you advance notice of our intentions, and give you to understand that we are coming into your parts to right the wrongs that have been done. Therefore we do not want the community of Acre to send us any letters or presents (regarding this matter), for we will by no means receive them." —From the letter of Al-Ashraf Khalil to William of Beaujeu, The Templar of Tyre, Chronicle Gestes des Chiprois, p.104/ part 3
↑  The Templar of Tyre, Gestes des Chiprois, p.104 / part 3
↑  Philip Mainebeuf, who spoke Arabic, was accompanied by a knight named Bartholomew Pisan and a scribe named George. The Templar of Tyre, Gestes des Chiprois, p.104/ part 3
↑  Al-Maqrizi, p.222/ vol. 2
↑  Asili, p.110
↑  The Templar of Tyre, Gestes des Chiprois, p.104/ part 3
↑  Abu al-Fida,p.278/ vol.13. According to Ibn Taghri most of Khalil's troops were volunteers. Ibn Taghri, p.5/ vol. 8
↑  Asili, p. 110. Templar of Tyre, p.105
↑  Al-Mansuri (The victorious; Arabic: المنصورى) might refer to Khalil himself as he was Khalil Al-Mansuri, The Furious (Arabic: Al-Ghadibah الغاضبة), Black Bulls (Arabic: Al-Thiran Al-Sawda'a الثيران السوداء)
↑  There are no reliable figures for the Muslim army, according to some sources it consisted of 60 000 cavalry and 160 000 infantry. Though the numbers seem exaggerated, the army of the Muslim was probably larger than that of the Crusaders. Asili, p.111
↑  Michaud, ibid, pp. 75–76, gives account of 7 emirs leaving in Kalouan's (ie Sultan Qalawun) stead as he was ill; he reports that each emir had 4,000 horse and 20,000 foot at his command – giving about 160,000 men.
↑  Acre is one of the few cities in the world whose walls have remained standing over the centuries.See List of cities with defensive walls
↑  The towers of Acre were built in the outer wall and the inner wall. Among these towers were the Tower of the Countess of Blois, the Accursed Tower, the Tower of the Legate, the Tower of the Patriarch, the Tower of St. Nicholas, the English Tower, the Germans Tower, the Tower of Henri II, the Tower of King Hugh and the Tower of St. Lazarus. Asili, p.113. Templar of Tyre, p.106/note2
↑  The English tower was built by Henry I. Asili, p.113
↑  The Tower of the Countess of Blois was built by the Countess of Blois. Asili, p.114
↑  Templar of Tyre, p.105. Asili, p.110. Ibn Taghri, p.5 / vol. 8. Al-Maqrizi, p.223/ vol.2
↑  Montmusard (also Montmusart) was a suburb of crusader Acre
↑  Asili, p.114
↑  Carabohas were rapid-fire siege machines. Templar of Tyre, p.106
↑  The messengers were a knight named William of Villiers and William of Caffran who was from the household of William of Beaujeu.Templar of Tyre, p.108. Asili, p.116
↑  Asili, p.117. Templar of Tyre, p.108-109
↑  Al-Maqrizi, p.223/ vol.2. Asili, p.118
↑  Michaud, ibid, p.78
↑  Michaud, The History of the Crusades, Vol. 3, p. 18; available in full at Google Books. Note that in a footnote Michaud claims reliance on "the chronicle of Ibn Ferat" (Michaud, Vol.3, p.22) for much of the information he has concerning the Mussulmans.
↑  The Accursed Tower was in the inner wall, situated between the Tower of King Henri II and the Tower of the Teutonic Knights. Templar of Tyre, p.106. Asili, p.113
↑  Templar of Tyre, p.113
↑  According to Ludolph of Suchem (which seems exaggeration): "In Acre and the other places nearly a hundred and six thousand men were slain or taken, and more than two hundred thousand escaped from thence. Of the Saracens more than three hundred thousand were slain, as is well known even to this day."  —From Ludolph of Suchem, p. 268-272
↑  Many nobles of Acre managed to flee in boats by paying money to the mercenary commander and Knight Templar Roger de Flor who made use of the situation and made his fortune by blackmailing the refugees of Acre. Asili, p.120-121
↑  "More than five hundred most noble ladies and maidens, the daughters of kings and princes, came down to the seashore, when the city was about to fall, carrying with them all their jewels and ornaments of gold and precious stones, of priceless value, in their bosoms, and cried aloud, whether there were any sailor there who would take all their jewels and take whichever of them he chose to wife, if only he would take them, even naked, to some safe land or island"  —From Ludolph of Suchem, p.268-272
↑  "The 'Templar of Tyre': Part III of the 'Deeds of the Cypriots'", by Paul Crawford, p.171 (Google Books limited preview); which gives a translation with notes of the chronicle of one of the Knights Templar who apparently recorded these things during the later retreat to Cyprus.
↑  According to Ludolph of Suchem, the besieged Templars deliberately undermined the walls of the fortress' tower to let it collapse on the Sultan's men. Ludolphi, Rectoris Ecclesiæ Parochialis in suchem, p.46
↑  The gate of the San Andreas Church was transported from Acre to Cairo to be used in the Al-Ashraf's Mosque which the Sultan was building. Asili, p.123
↑  Ibn Taghri, p.9/ vol.8
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