Người Ấn-Scythia
Chú thích

↑  Ptolemy vi, xiii (1932), p. 143.
↑  Ronca (1971), pp. 39, 102, 108.
↑  Millward (2007), p. 13.
↑  Justin XL.II.2
↑  Isodor of Charax, Sathmoi Parthikoi, 18.
↑  Political History of Ancient India, 1996, p 693.
↑  The Sakas in India, p. 14, S. Chattopadhyaya; The Development of Khroshthi Script, p 77, C. C. Dasgupta; Hellenism in Ancient India, p 120, G. N. Banerjee; Ancient Kamboja, People and the Country, 1981, p 308
↑  Parthian stations
↑  "The dynastic art of the Kushans", John Rosenfield, p 130
↑  Kshatrapasa pra Kharaostasa Artasa putrasa. See: Political History of Ancient India, 1996, p 398, H. C. Raychaudhury, B. N. Mukerjee; Ancient India, 1956, pp 220–221, R. K. Mukerjee
↑  Ancient India, pp 220–221, R. k. Mukerjee; Corpus Inscriptionum Indicarum, Vol II, Part 1, p 36, D S Konow
↑  Jayaswal writes:"Mathura was under outlandish people like the Yavanas and Kambojas... who had a special mode of fighting" (Manu and Yajnavalkya, K. P. Jayswal); xem thêm: Indian Historical Quarterly, XXVI-2, p 124. Shashi Asthana comments: "Epic Mahabharata refers to the siege of Mathura by the Yavanas and Kambojas (xem: History and Archaeology of India's Contacts with Other Countries, from Earliest Times to 300 B.C., 1976, p 153, Shashi Asthana). cf: Ancient India, 1956, p 220, R. K. Mukerjee
↑  Source: "A Catalogue of the Indian Coins in the British Museum. Andhras etc..." Rapson, p ciii
↑  “A gap in Puranic history”. Boloji.com. ngày 14 tháng 3 năm 2004. Bản gốc lưu trữ ngày 14 tháng 1 năm 2010. Truy cập ngày 14 tháng 3 năm 2012.
↑  Francine Tissot "Gandhara", p74
↑  Wilcox and McBride (1986), p. 12.
↑  Photographic reference here Lưu trữ 2007-03-10 tại Wayback Machine.
↑  "Let us remind that in Sirkap, stone palettes were found at all excavated levels. On the contrary, neither Bhir-Mound, the Maurya city preceding Sirkap on the Taxila site, nor Sirsukh, the Kushan city succeeding her, did deliver any stone palettes during their excavations", in "Les palettes du Gandhara", p89. "The terminal point after which such palettes are not manufactured anymore is probably located during the Kushan period. In effect, neither Mathura nor Taxila (although the Sirsukh had only been little excavated), nor Begram, nor Surkh Kotal, neither the great Kushan archaeological sites of Soviet Central Asia or Afghanistan have yielded such objects. Only four palettes have been found in Kushan-period archaeological sites. They come from secondary sites, such as Garav Kala and Ajvadz in Soviet Tajikistan and Jhukar, in the Indus Valley, and Dalverzin Tepe. They are rather roughly made." In "Les Palettes du Gandhara", Henri-Paul Francfort, p 91. (in French in the original)
↑  Source:"Butkara I", Faccena
↑  "Gandhara" Francine Tissot
↑  The Turin City Museum of Ancient Art Text and photographic reference: Terre Lontane O2 Lưu trữ 2006-12-12 tại Wayback Machine
↑  Faccenna, "Sculptures from the sacred area of Butkara I", plate CCCLXXII
↑  Serindia, Vol I, 1980 Edition, p 8, M. A. Stein
↑  Op cit p 693, H. C. Raychaudhury, B. N. Mukerjee; Early History of North India, p 3, S. Chattopadhyava; India and Central Asia, p 126, P. C. Bagchi
↑  Epigraphia Indiaca XIV, p 291 S Konow; Greeks in Bactria and India, p 473, fn, W. W. Tarn; Yuan Chwang I, pp 259–60, Watters; Comprehensive History of India, Vol I, p 189, N. K. Sastri; History and Culture of Indian People, The Age of Imperial Unity, 122; History and Culture of Indian People, Classical Age, p 617, R. C. Majumdar, A. D. Pusalkar.
↑  Scholars like E. J. Rapson, L. Petech etc. also connect Kipin with Kapisha. Levi holds that prior to AD 600, Kipin denoted Kashmir, but after this it implied Kapisha See Discussion in The Classical Age, p 671.
↑  Corpus Inscriptionum Indicarum, II. 1. XX f; cf: Early History of North India, pp 54, S Chattopadhyaya.
↑  India and Central Asia, 1955, p 124, P. C. Bagchi; Geographical Data in Early Puranas, 1972, p 47, M. R. Singh.
↑  See: Political History of Ancient India, 1996, p fn 13, B. N. Mukerjee; Chilas, Islamabad, 1983, no 72, 78, 85, pp 98, 102, A. H. Dani
↑  This was the habitat of the Parama Kambojas referred to in Mahabharata (MBH 2.27.25) and were located in Transoxiana territory in Shakadvipa. It is not mere coincidence that modern Kamboj of Punjab have prominent clan names like Soi, Asoi and Sahi/Shahi: (see list of Kamboj Gotras). Similarly, Asoi clan of Kamboj can also be very well related to or connected with Asii or Asio of Strabo (See: Strabo XI.8,2.) which clan name undoubtedly represents people connected with horse-culture, which the ancient Kambojas pre-eminently were. The above evidence thus again points to a connection of the Sai/Sai-wang mentioned in Chinese chronicles and the Asii/Asio clan mentioned in Strabo's accounts with the Scythian Kambojas i.e. Parama Kambojas.
↑  La vieille route de l'Inde de Bactres à Taxila, p 271, Alfred A. Foucher.
↑  Huet (2010), p. 128.
1 2  See ref: A bilingual Graeco-Aramaic edict by Aśoka: the first Greek inscription discovered in Afghanistan, 1964, p 17, Giovanni Pugliese Carratelli, Giovanni Garbini – Aśoka, India, Published by Istituto italiano per il medio ed estremo Oriente, 1964
↑  See further references: Watching Cambodia: Ten Paths to Enter the Cambodian Tangle, 1993, p 51, Serge Thion – History. See also: Tai World: A Digest of Articles from the Thai -Yunnan Project Newsletter, Andrew Walker, Nicholas Tapp – Folklore – 2001 or Thai-Yunnan Project Newsletter. NEWSLETTER is edited by Scott Bamber and published in the Department of Anthropology, Research School of Pacific Studies; printed at Central Printery; the masthead is by Susan Wigham of Graphic Design (all of The Australian National University); Cf: History of Indian Administration, p 94, B. N. Puri.
↑  Indian Epic Mahabharata (See: Mahabharata 5.19.21–23; Dr F. E. Pargiter, Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland) attests that Kamboja ruler Sudakshin Kamboj had marshaled and lead an Akshuni army of wrathful warriors which besides the Kambojas, also comprised a strong contingent from the Sakas (or Scythians). This fact clearly proves that the Sakas, in general, were subservient to the Kamboja ruler Sudakshina Kamboj and that Sudakshina's clan was ruling over the Sakas. Thus from epic evidence also, the Kambojas were indeed a royal or ruling Scythian clan and the Scythians had formed an indispensable part of the Kamboja army. Furthermore, the Mathura Lion Capital Inscriptions also connect yuvaraja Kharaosta Kamuia (Kamboja) and his daughter Aiyasi Kamuia (Kamboja), chief queen of the Scythian Mahakshatrapa Rajuvula, to the imperial house ruling in Taxila (See: Kharoshṭhī Inscriptions, Edition 1991, p 36, Sten Konow)
↑  e.g.: Aspa.bhrata.putrasa. See: An Inscribed Silver Buddhist Reliquary of the Time of King Kharaosta and Prince Indravarman, Jounranal of the American Oriental Society, Vol 116, No 3, 1996, p 448, Richard Saloman.
↑  Op. cit, p 448, Dr Richard Saloman.
↑   Further Light on the Paratarajas
Một người Scythia cưỡi ngựa trong khu vực bị người Nguyệt Chi xâm chiếm, Pazyryk, khoảng năm 300 TCN
Tài sản trong lăng mộ vua chúa tại Tillia tepe được cho là của người Saka thế kỷ 1 tại Bactria.
Bản đồ Sakastan khoảng năm 100 TCN.
Châu Á khoảng năm 1, chỉ ra vương quốc Ấn-Scythia và các nước láng giềng.
Một đồng tiền xu của vua Ấn-Scythia Azes I.
Đầu cột sư tử Mathura là một vật kỷ niệm quan trọng của người Ấn-Scythia dâng hiến cho Phật giáo (Bảo tàng Anh).
Tiền xu bằng bạc của Vijayamitra nhân danh Azes. Biểu tượng triratna của Phật giáo ở mé trái mặt sau.
Đồng tetradrachm bạc của vua Ấn-Scythia Maues (85–60 TCN).
Azilises cưỡi ngựa và mặc áo chẽn.
Buddhist stupas during the late Indo-Greek/Indo-Scythian period were highly decorated structures with columns, flights of stairs, and decorative Acanthus leaf friezes. Butkara stupa, Swat, 1st century BC.
Possible Scythian devotee couple (extreme left and right, often described as "Scytho-Parthian"), around the Buddha, Brahma và Indra.
Coin of Azes, with king seated, holding a drawn sword and a whip.
Bi-drachm của Parataraja Bhimajhunasa.

Obv: Robed bust of Bhimajhunasa left, wearing tiara-shaped diadem.

Rev: Swastika with legend around.

1.70g. Senior (Indo-Scythian) 286.1