William Ramsay
Chú thích

↑  “Giải Nobel Hóa học năm 1904”. Nobelprize.org. Truy cập ngày 6 tháng 10 năm 2008.
↑  Ramsay, William (1895). “On a Gas Showing the Spectrum of Helium, the Reputed Cause of D3, One of the Lines in the Coronal Spectrum. Preliminary Note”. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. 58 (347–352): 65–67. doi:10.1098/rspl.1895.0006.
↑  Ramsay, William (1895). “Helium, a Gaseous Constituent of Certain Minerals. Part I”. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. 58 (347–352): 80–89. doi:10.1098/rspl.1895.0010.
↑  Ramsay, William (1895). “Helium, a Gaseous Constituent of Certain Minerals. Part II--”. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. 59 (1): 325–330. doi:10.1098/rspl.1895.0097.
↑  Kochhar, R. K. (1991). “French astronomers in India during the 17th – 19th centuries”. Journal of the British Astronomical Association. 101 (2): 95–100. Bibcode:1991JBAA..101...95K.
| x t Người đoạt giải Nobel hóa học |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1901–1925 |  1901 Jacobus van 't Hoff  1902 Emil Fischer  1903 Svante Arrhenius  1904 William Ramsay  1905 Adolf von Baeyer  1906 Henri Moissan  1907 Eduard Buchner  1908 Ernest Rutherford  1909 Wilhelm Ostwald  1910 Otto Wallach  1911 Marie Curie  1912 Victor Grignard / Paul Sabatier  1913 Alfred Werner  1914 Theodore Richards  1915 Richard Willstätter  1916  1917  1918 Fritz Haber  1919  1920 Walther Nernst  1921 Frederick Soddy  1922 Francis Aston  1923 Fritz Pregl  1924  1925 Richard Zsigmondy  |  |
| 1926–1950 |  1926 Theodor Svedberg  1927 Heinrich Wieland  1928 Adolf Windaus  1929 Arthur Harden / Hans von Euler-Chelpin  1930 Hans Fischer  1931 Carl Bosch / Friedrich Bergius  1932 Irving Langmuir  1933  1934 Harold Urey  1935 Frédéric Joliot-Curie / Irène Joliot-Curie  1936 Peter Debye  1937 Norman Haworth / Paul Karrer  1938 Richard Kuhn  1939 Adolf Butenandt / Leopold Ružička  1940  1941  1942  1943 George de Hevesy  1944 Otto Hahn  1945 Artturi Virtanen  1946 James B. Sumner / John Northrop / Wendell Meredith Stanley  1947 Robert Robinson  1948 Arne Tiselius  1949 William Giauque  1950 Otto Diels / Kurt Alder  |  |
| 1951–1975 |  1951 Edwin McMillan / Glenn T. Seaborg  1952 Archer Martin / Richard Synge  1953 Hermann Staudinger  1954 Linus Pauling  1955 Vincent du Vigneaud  1956 Cyril Hinshelwood / Nikolay Semyonov  1957 Alexander Todd  1958 Frederick Sanger  1959 Jaroslav Heyrovský  1960 Willard Libby  1961 Melvin Calvin  1962 Max Perutz / John Kendrew  1963 Karl Ziegler / Giulio Natta  1964 Dorothy Hodgkin  1965 Robert Woodward  1966 Robert S. Mulliken  1967 Manfred Eigen / Ronald Norrish / George Porter  1968 Lars Onsager  1969 Derek Barton / Odd Hassel  1970 Luis Federico Leloir  1971 Gerhard Herzberg  1972 Christian B. Anfinsen / Stanford Moore / William Stein  1973 Ernst Otto Fischer / Geoffrey Wilkinson  1974 Paul Flory  1975 John Cornforth / Vladimir Prelog  |  |
| 1976–2000 |  1976 William Lipscomb  1977 Ilya Prigogine  1978 Peter D. Mitchell  1979 Herbert C. Brown / Georg Wittig  1980 Paul Berg / Walter Gilbert / Frederick Sanger  1981 Fukui Kenichi / Roald Hoffmann  1982 Aaron Klug  1983 Henry Taube  1984 Robert Merrifield  1985 Herbert A. Hauptman / Jerome Karle  1986 Dudley R. Herschbach / Lý Viễn Triết / John Polanyi  1987 Donald J. Cram / Jean-Marie Lehn / Charles J. Pedersen  1988 Johann Deisenhofer / Robert Huber / Hartmut Michel  1989 Sidney Altman / Thomas Cech  1990 Elias Corey  1991 Richard R. Ernst  1992 Rudolph A. Marcus  1993 Kary Mullis / Michael Smith  1994 George Olah  1995 Paul J. Crutzen / Mario J. Molina / F. Sherwood Rowland  1996 Robert Curl / Harold Kroto / Richard Smalley  1997 Paul D. Boyer / John E. Walker / Jens Christian Skou  1998 Walter Kohn / John Pople  1999 Ahmed Zewail  2000 Alan J. Heeger / Alan MacDiarmid / Shirakawa Hideki  |  |
| 2001–nay |  2001 William Knowles / Noyori Ryōji / K. Barry Sharpless  2002 John B. Fenn / Tanaka Kōichi / Kurt Wüthrich  2003 Peter Agre / Roderick MacKinnon  2004 Aaron Ciechanover / Avram Hershko / Irwin Rose  2005 Robert H. Grubbs / Richard R. Schrock / Yves Chauvin  2006 Roger D. Kornberg  2007 Gerhard Ertl  2008 Shimomura Osamu / Martin Chalfie / Roger Y. Tsien  2009 Venkatraman Ramakrishnan / Thomas A. Steitz / Ada E. Yonath  2010 Richard F. Heck / Suzuki Akira / Negishi Eiichi  2011 Dan Shechtman  2012 Robert Lefkowitz / Brian Kobilka  2013 Martin Karplus / Michael Levitt / Arieh Warshel  2014 Eric Betzig / Stefan Hell / William E. Moerner  2015 Tomas Lindahl / Paul L. Modrich / Aziz Sancar  2016 Jean-Pierre Sauvage / Fraser Stoddart / Ben Feringa  2017 Jacques Dubochet / Joachim Frank / Richard Henderson  2018 Frances Arnold / Greg Winter / George Smith  2019 Yoshino Akira / John B. Goodenough / M. Stanley Whittingham  2020 Emmanuelle Charpentier / Jennifer Doudna  2021 Benjamin List / David MacMillan  2022 Carolyn R. Bertozzi / Morten P. Meldal / Karl Barry Sharpless  |  |