Marcus Aurelius
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↑  Dio 69.21.1; HA Marcus 1.9; McLynn, 24.
↑  Dio 69.21.1; HA Marcus 1.10; McLynn, 24.
↑  Khắc Kỷ Sơ Kỳ Lưu trữ 2009-11-15 tại Wayback Machine, dẫn nguồn từ Đinh Ngọc Thạch, Lịch sử triết học Hy Lạp cổ đại, Nhà xuất bản CTQG, HN, 1999
↑  Marcus Aurelius, sách đã dẫn, Kessinger Publishing, 2004, tr. 2
↑  Frank McLynn, Marcus Aurelius: A Life, trang 65
↑  Anthony Birley, Marcus Aurelius, các trang 55-56.
↑  Anthony Birley, Marcus Aurelius, trang 14
↑  Frank McLynn, Marcus Aurelius: A Life, trang 1
↑  “Tìm thấy bức tượng Hoàng đế La Mã hàng nghìn tuổi”. Bản gốc lưu trữ ngày 7 tháng 1 năm 2009. Truy cập ngày 2 tháng 7 năm 2010.
1 2  Marcus Aurelius: A Life, by Frank McLynn
↑  Frank McLynn, Marcus Aurelius: A Life, trang 163
↑  Anthony Birley, Marcus Aurelius
↑  Anthony Birley, Marcus Aurelius, trang 174
↑  Frank McLynn, Marcus Aurelius: A Life, trang 373
↑  Frank McLynn, Marcus Aurelius: A Life, trang 417
↑  Anthony Birley, Marcus Aurelius, trang 189
↑  Pierre Gaxotte, Philip Hamilton McMillan Memorial Publication Fund, Frederick the Great, trang 14
↑  Western Civilization: Sources, Images and Interpretations, Dennis Sherman, Vol. 1, 5th Ed., p. 104.
↑  Anthony Birley, Marcus Aurelius, trang 25
↑  Theodor Schieder, Sabina Berkeley, Hamish M. Scott, Frederick the Great, trang 241
1 2  Theodor Schieder, Sabina Berkeley, Hamish M. Scott, Frederick the Great, trang 146
↑  Birley, Marcus Aurelius, 229–30. The thesis of single authorship was first proposed in H. Dessau's "Über Zeit und Persönlichkeit der Scriptoes Historiae Augustae" (in German), Hermes 24 (1889), 337ff.
↑  Ernest Renan, Marcus Aurelius, trang 125
↑  Birley, Marcus Aurelius, 230. On the HA Verus, see Barnes, 65–74.
↑  Mary Beard, "Was He Quite Ordinary?", London Review of Books 31:14 (ngày 23 tháng 7 năm 2009), accessed ngày 15 tháng 9 năm 2009; Birley, Marcus Aurelius, 226.
↑  Birley, Marcus Aurelius, 227.
↑  Birley, Marcus Aurelius, 228–29, 253.
↑  Birley, Marcus Aurelius, 227–28.
↑  Birley, Marcus Aurelius, 228.
↑  Marcus Aurelius: A Life, xem giới thiệu ở trang Amazon.com
↑  Marcus Aurelius: A Biography, xem giới thiệu ở trang Amazon.com
↑  Marcus Aurelius "Meditations", Kessinger Publishing, 2004, Lời giới thiệu, tr. 1
↑  HA Marcus 1.2, 1.4; Birley, Marcus Aurelius, 28; McLynn, 14.
↑  Dio 69.21.2, 71.35.2–3; Birley, Marcus Aurelius, 31.
↑  Codex Inscriptionum Latinarum 14.3579[liên kết hỏng]; Birley, Marcus Aurelius, 29; McLynn, 14, 575 n. 53, citing Ronald Syme, Roman Papers 1.244.
↑  Birley, Marcus Aurelius, 29; McLynn, 14.
↑  Birley, Marcus Aurelius, 29, citing Pliny, Epistulae 8.18.
↑  Birley, Marcus Aurelius, 30.
↑  Birley, Marcus Aurelius, 49.
↑  Birley, Marcus Aurelius, 31, 44.
1 2  Birley, Marcus Aurelius, 31.
↑  Farquharson, 1.95–96.
↑  Meditations 1.1, qtd. and tr. Birley, Marcus Aurelius, 31.
↑  HA Marcus 2.1 and Meditations 5.4, qtd. in Birley, Marcus Aurelius, 32.
↑  Meditations 1.3, qtd. in Birley, Marcus Aurelius, 35.
↑  Meditations 1.17.7, qtd. and tr. Birley, Marcus Aurelius, 35.
1 2  Birley, Marcus Aurelius, 33.
↑  Ad Marcum Caesarem 2.8.2 (= Haines 1.142), qtd. and tr. Birley, Marcus Aurelius, 31.
↑  Birley, Marcus Aurelius, 31–32.
↑  Meditations 1.1, qtd. and tr. Birley, Marcus Aurelius, 35.
↑  Birley, Marcus Aurelius, 35.
↑  Meditations 1.17.2; Farquharson, 1.102; McLynn, 23; cf. Meditations 1.17.11; Farquharson, 1.103.
↑  McLynn, 20–21.
↑  Meditations 1.4; McLynn, 20.
↑  HA Marcus 2.2, 4.9; Meditations 1.3; Birley, Marcus Aurelius, 37; McLynn, 21–22.
↑  HA Marcus 2.6; Birley, Marcus Aurelius, 38; McLynn, 21.
↑  Birley, Later Caesars, 109, 109 n.8; Marcus Aurelius, 40, 270 n.27, citing Bonner Historia-Augusta Colloquia 1966/7, 39ff.
↑  HA Marcus 2.3; Birley, Marcus Aurelius, 40, 270 n.27.
↑  Birley, Marcus Aurelius, 40, citing Aelius Aristides, Oratio 32 K; McLynn, 21.
↑  Meditations 1.10; Birley, Marcus Aurelius, 40; McLynn, 22.
↑  Birley, Marcus Aurelius, 40, 270 n.28, citing A.S.L. Farquharson, The Meditations of Marcus Antoninus (Oxford, 1944) 2.453.
↑  Birley, Marcus Aurelius, 42.
↑  HA Marcus 4.1, 4.2; Birley, Marcus Aurelius, 36.
↑  HA Marcus 1.10, 2.1; Birley, Marcus Aurelius, 38; "Hadrian to the Antonines", 147. The appellation also survives on inscriptions: Birley cites (at Marcus Aurelius, p. 270 n.24) Prosopographia Imperii Romani2 A 697, and L'Année épigraphique 1940.62[liên kết hỏng]. On the Salii, see: Birley, Marcus Aurelius, 36–37; McLynn, 18–19.
↑  McLynn, 18, citing Michael Grant, The Antonines (1994), 26 for the characterization of verissimus as an example of Hadrian's waspish wit.
↑  HA Marcus 4.4; Birley, Marcus Aurelius, 37; McLynn, 19.
↑  Birley, Marcus Aurelius, 38, 270 n.24.
↑  HA Marcus 4.5; Birley, Marcus Aurelius, 39–40; McLynn, 24–25; R. Syme, "The Ummidii", Historia 17:1 (1968): 93–94.
↑  HA Marcus 4.6; Birley, Marcus Aurelius, 41.
↑  Birley, Marcus Aurelius, 41.
↑  HA Marcus 4.7; Birley, Marcus Aurelius, 41.
↑  Birley, Marcus Aurelius, 41–42.
↑  HA Hadrian 23.10, qtd. in Birley, Marcus Aurelius, 42.
↑  Birley, Marcus Aurelius, 42. On the succession to Hadrian, see also: T.D. Barnes, "Hadrian and Lucius Verus", Journal of Roman Studies 57:1–2 (1967): 65–79; J. VanderLeest, "Hadrian, Lucius Verus, and the Arco di Portogallo", Phoenix 49:4 (1995): 319–30.
↑  HA Hadrian 23.15–16; Birley, Marcus Aurelius, 45; "Hadrian to the Antonines", 148.
↑  Dio 69.17.1; HA Aelius 3.7, 4.6, 6.1–7; Birley, "Hadrian to the Antonines", 147.
↑  Birley, Marcus Aurelius, 46. Date: Birley, "Hadrian to the Antonines", 148.
↑  Dio 69.21.1; HA Hadrian 24.1; HA Aelius 6.9; HA Pius 4.6–7; Birley, Marcus Aurelius, 48–49.
↑  HA Marcus 5.3; Birley, Marcus Aurelius, 49.
↑  Birley, Marcus Aurelius, 49–50.
↑  Ludwig Reiners, Frederick the Great: a biography, trang 75
↑  Nancy Mitford, Voltaire in Love, trang 150
↑  Frank McLynn, Marcus Aurelius: A Life, trang XVI
↑  Anthony Birley, Marcus Aurelius, trang 13
↑  HA Marcus 1.1, 27.7; Dio 71.1.1; James Francis, Subversive Virtue: Asceticism and Authority in the Second-Century Pagan World (University Park: Pennsylvania State University Press, 1995), 21 n. 1.
↑  Francis, 21 n.1, citing Justin, 1 Apologia 1; Athenagoras, Leg. 1; Eusebius, Historia Ecclesiastica 4.26.9–11.
↑  Eusebius, Historia Ecclesiastica 4.26.9–11, qtd. and tr. Francis, 21 n. 1.
↑  Herodian, Ab Excessu Divi Marci 1.2.4, tr. Echols.
1 2  Frank McLynn, Marcus Aurelius: A Life, các trang 494-495.
↑  George Peabody Gooch, Annals of politics and culture (1492-1899), trang 33
1 2  Frank McLynn, Marcus Aurelius: A Life, trang XI
↑  Ernest Renan, Marcus Aurelius, trang 3
↑  Gerhard Ritter, Frederick the Great: a historical profile, trang 67
↑  Giles MacDonogh, Frederick the Great: A Life in Deed and Letters, trang 350
↑  David Fraser, Frederick the Great: King of Prussia, trang 63
↑  Frank McLynn, Marcus Aurelius: A Life, trang 530
↑  Giles MacDonogh, Frederick the Great: A Life of Deed and Letters, trang 350
↑  Theodor Schieder, Sabina Berkeley, Hamish M. Scott, Frederick the Great, trang 88
↑  Gerhard Ritter, The German problem: basic questions of German political life, past and present, trang 29
↑  Pierre Gaxotte, Philip Hamilton McMillan Memorial Publication Fund, Frederick the Great, trang 234
↑  Pierre Gaxotte, Philip Hamilton McMillan Memorial Publication Fund, Frederick the Great, trang 368
↑  Frank McLynn, Marcus Aurelius: A Life, trang 508
↑  Barnes, 'Legislation against the Christians'.
↑  McLynn, Marcus Aurelius: A Life, p. 295.
↑  The First Apology of Justin Martyr, Chapter LXVIII
↑  Aurelius Marcus Antoninus, Meditations of Marcus Aurelius Antoninus, Wilder Publications, 2008. ISBN 1-60459-584-1.
↑  Pierre Gaxotte, Philip Hamilton McMillan Memorial Publication Fund, Frederick the Great, trang 184
↑  Giles MacDonogh, Frederick the Great: A Life in Deed and Letters, trang 142
↑  Gregory Hays. Introduction to Marcus Aurelius Meditations Weidenfeld and Nicholson London2003 pxlix
↑  Stertz, 434, citing Themistius, Oratio 6.81; HA Cassius 3.5; Aurelius Victor, De Caesaribus 16.9.
↑  Gregory Hays. Introduction to Marcus Aurelius Meditations Weidenfeld and Nicholson London 2003 pp xlviii–xlix.
↑  Jill Kraye, Martin William Francis Stone, Humanism and early modern philosophy, trang 107
Tượng chàng trai trẻ Marcus Aurelius (Bảo tàng Capitoline). Nhà sử học Anthony Birley có lời bàn: "Đây rõ ràng là một chàng thiếu niên nghiêm trang."
Bức tượng Hoàng đế Hadrianus (Viện Bảo tàng Khảo cổ Quốc gia Athena). Vị vua này bảo trợ chàng trai trẻ Marcus Aurelius và có lẽ có dự định phong ông làm vua kế tục lâu dài của mình.
Tượng Faustina tại bảo tàng Louvre, Paris (Pháp).