Phân biệt chủng tộc ở Israel
Chú thích

↑  IRIN; Andreas Hackl (ngày 7 tháng 9 năm 2012). “ISRAEL-OPT: Upping sticks and heading for Ramallah”. IRIN humanitarian news and analysis. UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs. Truy cập ngày 14 tháng 10 năm 2012.
↑  http://www.haaretz.com/news/national/thousands-in-jerusalem-protest-racism-against-ethiopian-israelis-1.407998 Thousands in Jerusalem protest racism against Ethiopian Israelis
↑  “World Report 2012: Israel/Occupied Palestinian Territories”. Human Rights Watch. Human Rights Watch. 2012. Truy cập ngày 1 tháng 5 năm 2016.
↑  Steven Kaplan, "Can the Ethiopian Change His Skin? The Beta Israel (Ethiopian Jews) and Racial Discourse", African Affairs, Vol. 98, No. 393 (Oct., 1999), p. 548
↑  Bitte Hammargren (ngày 28 tháng 4 năm 2012). “Israel vill utvisa afrikanska immigranter” (bằng tiếng Bắc Sami). Svenska Dagbladet. Truy cập ngày 8 tháng 7 năm 2012.
↑  Sheera Frenkel (ngày 24 tháng 5 năm 2012). “Violent Riots Target African Nationals Living In Israel”. NPR.
↑  Gilad Morag (ngày 28 tháng 5 năm 2012). “Video: Israeli hurls egg at African migrant”. Ynet.
↑  Torstrick, Rebecca L.,  The limits of coexistence: identity politics in Israel, University of Michigan Press, 2000, p 32
↑  Madmoni-Gerber, Shoshana, Israeli media and the framing of internal conflict: the Yemenite babies affair, Macmillan, 2009, p 54-56
↑  Ruttenberg, Danya, Yentl's revenge: the next wave of Jewish feminism, p 178
↑  Question 13.11: Who are the Edot Mizraxi?. Faqs.org (2010-06-29). Truy cập 2010-12-16.
↑  JBD | Prayer Books Edot Hamizrach Lưu trữ 2017-11-09 tại Wayback Machine. Jewishbookdistributors.com. Truy cập 2010-12-16.
↑  Jews, Oriental Books – Page 4 Lưu trữ 2012-03-19 tại Wayback Machine. Allbookstores.com. Truy cập 2010-12-16.
↑  “Bản sao đã lưu trữ” (PDF). Bản gốc (PDF) lưu trữ ngày 11 tháng 12 năm 2015. Truy cập ngày 8 tháng 11 năm 2017.
↑  “Bản sao đã lưu trữ” (PDF). Bản gốc (PDF) lưu trữ ngày 8 tháng 8 năm 2014. Truy cập ngày 8 tháng 11 năm 2017.
↑  Sephardic Jewry and Mizrahi Jews – Google Books. Books.google.com. Truy cập 2010-12-16.
↑  Israel's Vibrant Jewish Ethnic Mix Lưu trữ 2012-04-22 tại Wayback Machine. My Jewish Learning. Truy cập 2010-12-16.
↑  Jewish spectator School of the Jewish Woman, New York, N.Y., 1981, p. 24
↑  American Jewish Congress 1986,  Congress monthly, Volumes 53–54, p. 34
1 2 3  Abramov, S. Zalman, Perpetual dilemma: Jewish religion in the Jewish State, Fairleigh Dickinson Univ Press, 1976, p. 277-278
1 2  Smooha, Sammy, Israel: pluralism and conflict, University of California Press, 1978, p. 400-401
↑  How Do the Issues in the Conversion Controversy Relate to Israel?. Jcpa.org. Truy cập 2010-12-16.
1 2  “Home - The Jewish Agency”. The Jewish Agency. Bản gốc lưu trữ ngày 4 tháng 9 năm 2008. Truy cập ngày 27 tháng 4 năm 2016.
↑  Yated Neeman, 26 8, 1988
↑  Microsoft Word – ...... 23 7.doc Lưu trữ 2011-07-19 tại Wayback Machine. (PDF). Truy cập 2010-12-16.
↑  The melting pot in Israel: the commission of inquiry concerning education in the immigrant camps during the early years of the state
SUNY series in Israeli studies Israeli Studies Suny Series, Theory, Research, and Practice in Social Education by Tsevi Tsameret, SUNY Press, 2002
↑  Hatzofe, Y. Cohen Coercion anti – religious education of immigrant children, 11.4.93
↑  Solving the Mystery of Missing Yemeni Babies, ABC World News Tonight with Peter Jennings, Forrest Sawyer and Linda Patillo Reporting, ngày 25 tháng 8 năm 1997
↑  Madmoni-Gerber, Shoshana, Israeli media and the framing of internal conflict: the Yemenite babies affair, Macmillan, 2009
↑  See also, regarding media and Yemeni Jews:  Madmoni-Gerber, Shoshana, Israeli media and the framing of internal conflict: the Yemenite babies affair, Macmillan, 2009
↑ "In Israel, ethno-racial divides have created a widespread belief, upheld by some birth mother-adult child reunions, that hundreds of Yemeni infants had been kidnapped for adoption by Israeli couples. Many Yemeni refugee children had been declared dead or disappeared in the refugee camps after the migration of some 50,000 Yemeni Jews to Israel in 1948–1949. It appears from a national inquiry in the late 1990s that a network of doctors and clinics were involved in the adoptions." (page 154) "Those who believe the theory contend that hundreds, perhaps thousands, of Yemenite babies who were reported to have died or to have disappeared after their parents came to Israel were actually kidnapped and given or sold for adoption to European-born Israelis and American Jews. The controversy over the Israeli establishment's treatment of the 50,000 Yemenite Jewish immigrants, most of whom were airlifted to Israel in 1949 and 1950, has festered for years. It has stoked deep-seated feelings of resentment among the country's Sephardic Jews of Middle Eastern and North African origin.... Other Yemenite Jewish advocates put the numbers at between 1,000 and more than 2,000. They assert that the European-born Ashkenazic Israeli establishment looked down at the new immigrants and their traditional ways and felt free to take their children for adoption by childless European Jewish couples... Mr. Levitan agreed that there was a patronizing attitude toward the immigrants. In some cases the Yemenites' religious studies were restricted and their traditional side-curls were cut to remake them into modern, secular Israelis.... The concept was absorption through modernization, by inculcating the values of Western society, Mr. Levitan said. The parents were treated like primitive people who didn't know what was good for them, who aren't capable of taking care of their own kids. There was disregard for the parents, an unwillingness to make the effort to investigate, but not a conspiracy." "..Yemenis.. fell prey to doctors, nurses, and social workers, most of them on the state payroll.... The act of kidnapping was not simply a result of financial interests to increase the state's revenues, it was also a result of a deeply ingrained belief in the inferiority of Jews from Arab and Muslim countries, seen as careless breeders with little sense of responsibility... In this intersection of race, gender, and class, the displaced Jews from Muslim countries became victims of the logic of progress.." page 349. This book is about racism against Yemenite and Mizrahi jews in Israel, focusing on the kidnappings. "In Israel, Ashkenazi (European) Jewish women, with the help of doctors, stole babies born to Sephardic Yemeni Jewish mothers from the hospitals; the mothers were told that the babies had died. Here is a phenomenon that is racist yet lacks even the kind of racial justification evident in [the kidnappings in] 1904 Arizona." (page 310) "Public investigations are taking place in Israel at the moment concerning accusations that hundreds of Yemeni Jewish babies were abducted from their mothers who were told they were dead and they were given for adoption to Ashkenzi middle class families. Breaking up communities and families and separating children from their parents would often be central to practices of forced assimilationism. Such policies disempower the minorities and can reinforce their location in subjugated positionings." (p 54) "[regarding the] disappearance of Yemenite Jewish babies in the 1950s, whom many Yemenites believe were kidnapped and given to childless European Jewish parents to adopt, the author suggests that something similar may have happened to Palestinian children who went missing during the 1948 war. Here Palestinians and Yemenite Jews are united in their subjugation to the Ashkenazi Jewish establishment through their lost children". (page 164).
Blue-Ribbon Babies and Labors of Love: Race, Class, and Gender in U.S. Adoption Practice, Christine Ward Gailey University of Texas Press, 2010
Grenberg, Joel, The Babies from Yemen: An Enduring Mystery, New York Times, Sept 2, 1997.
Shoha, Ella, Taboo memories, diasporic voices, Duke University Press, 2006,
Madmoni-Gerber, Shoshana, Israeli media and the framing of internal conflict: the Yemenite babies affair, Macmillan, 2009 –
Gordon, Linda, The great Arizona orphan abduction, Harvard University Press, 1999, p 310:
Yuval-Davis, Nira, Gender & nation, SAGE, 1997,
Kanaaneh, Rhoda Ann, Birthing the nation: strategies of Palestinian women in Israel,  University of California Press, 2002,
↑
Shohat, Ella, "Sephardim in Israel:  Zionism from the standpoint of its Jewish victims", in Dangerous liaisons: gender, nation, and postcolonial perspectives, 	Anne McClintock, Aamir Mufti, Ella Shohat (Eds), 	U of Minnesota Press, 1997, p 42-44.   Originally published as "Sephardim in Israel: Zionism from the Standpoint of Its Jewish Victims" in Social Text, No. 19/20 (Autumn, 1988), pp. 1–35
Israel Yearbook on Human Rights 1987, Volume 17; Volume 1987 (Yoram Dinstein) p 249
Medding, Peter, Sephardic Jewry and Mizrahi Jews, p 128-129
Smooha, Sammy, "Jewish Ethnicity in Israel: Symbolic or Real?", in Jews in Israel: contemporary social and cultural patterns,  Uzi Rebhun (Ed.), UPNE, 2004, p 60-74
Khazzoom, Loolwa, The flying camel: essays on identity by women of North African and Middle Eastern Jewish heritage,	Seal Press, 2003, p 69
Sharoni, Simona, "Feminist Reflections on the Interplay of Sexism and Racism in Israel", in Challenging racism and sexism: alternatives to genetic explanations,	Ethel Tobach, Betty Rosoff (Eds), 	Feminist Press, 1994, p 309-331
Hanieh, Adam, "The Reality Behind Israeli Socialism", in The Palestinian Struggle, Zionism and Anti-Semitism, 	Sean Malloy, Doug Lorimer, Doug Lorimer (Eds), 	Resistance Books, 2002, p 21-22
Lefkowitz, Daniel, Words and stones: the politics of language and identity in Israel,  p 15
Thomas, Amelia, Israel and the Palestinian Territories,  p 43
Zohar, Zion, Sephardic and Mizrahi Jewry: from the Golden Age of Spain to modern times, p 324
Medding, Peter Y.  Sephardic Jewry and Mizrahi Jews, p 81
↑  Meyrav Wurmser refers to all of these issues as well-known complaints of Mizrahim, which new Post-Zionist critics are now going beyond. Wurmser, Meyrav (Spring 2005). “Post-Zionism and the Sephardi Question”. Middle East Quarterly. XII (2): 21–35. Truy cập ngày 19 tháng 9 năm 2010.
↑  Zohar, Zion (2005). Sephardic and Mizrahi Jewry: From the Golden Age of Spain to modern times. NYU Press. tr. 300–301.
1 2  Weingrod, Alex (Fall 1998). “Ehud Barak's Apology: Letters From the Israeli Press”. Israel Studies. 3 (2): 238–252. doi:10.1353/is.2005.0087.
↑  “Social Control, Urban Planning and Ethno-class Relations: Mizrahi Jews in Israel's 'Development Towns'”. Truy cập ngày 27 tháng 4 năm 2016.
↑  Yuchtman-Yaar, Ephraim, "Ethnic Inequality in Israeli Schools and Sports: An Expectation-States Approach",  in The American Journal of Sociology, Vol. 85, No. 3 (Nov., 1979), pp. 576–590, https://www.jstor.org/stable/2778584
↑  Ashkenazi Against Sephardi Racism Lives, by Shelomo Alfassa Lưu trữ 2011-07-07 tại Wayback Machine "The haredim were found guilty by the Israeli High Court of Justice of racism. Evidence of their crime can easily be seen by the fact that schools were constructed with separate entrances and separate classrooms for Ashkenazi and Sephardi Jews. The Ashkenazi parents say they need to keep the classrooms segregated because the families of the Sephardi girls "aren't religious enough."
↑  “Sephardim, Ashkenazim, and Ultra-Orthodox Racism in Israel”. The Huffington Post. Truy cập ngày 27 tháng 4 năm 2016.
↑  “The Jewish Religious Conflict Tearing at Israel”. Time. ngày 17 tháng 6 năm 2010. Bản gốc lưu trữ ngày 22 tháng 12 năm 2012. Truy cập ngày 8 tháng 11 năm 2017.
↑  Discrimination claimed in Modiin Illit haredi schools – Israel News, Ynetnews. Ynetnews.com (1995-06-20). Truy cập 2010-12-16.
↑  Hassidim invite Sephardi girls to school. Jpost.com. Truy cập 2010-12-16.
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