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↑  Aristotle, Metaphysics XII, 1072a.
↑  Kai Nielsen, Reason and Practice: A Modern Introduction to Philosophy, Harper & Row, 1971, pp. 170–2.
↑  “Aristotle's Natural Philosophy: Movers and Unmoved Mover”. stanford.edu.
↑  Sachs, Joe. “Aristotle: Metaphysics”. Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy.
↑  Shields, Christopher John (2007). Aristotle . Taylor & Francis. tr. 187. ISBN 978-0-415-28331-1.
↑  Shields, Christopher John (2007). Aristotle. tr. 196, 226. ISBN 9780203961940.
1 2  Ross, Sir David; Ackrill, John Lloyd (2004). Aristotle (ấn bản thứ 6). Psychology Press. tr. 188, 190. ISBN 978-0-415-32857-9.
↑  Mendell, Henry (ngày 16 tháng 9 năm 2009). “Eudoxus of Cnidus: Astronomy and Homocentric Spheres”. Vignettes of Ancient Mathematics. Bản gốc lưu trữ ngày 16 tháng 5 năm 2011.
1 2  Bodnar, Istvan (2010).  Zalta, Edward N. (biên tập). “Aristotle's Natural Philosophy” . Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. In Metaphysics 12.8, Aristotle opts for both the uniqueness and the plurality of the unmoved celestial movers. Each celestial sphere possesses the unmoved mover of its own—presumably as the object of its striving, see Metaphysics 12.6—whereas the mover of the outermost celestial sphere, which carries with its diurnal rotation the fixed stars, being the first of the series of unmoved movers also guarantees the unity and uniqueness of the universe.
↑  Graham, D. W. (1999). Physics. Clarendon Aristotle Series. Oxford University Press, USA. tr. 179. ISBN 9780198240921. LCCN 98049448.
↑  Humphrey, P. (2007). Metaphysics of Mind: Hylomorphism and Eternality in Aristotle and Hegel. State University of New York at Stony Brook. tr. 71. ISBN 9780549806714. The universe has no beginning in time, no temporal first cause, so Aristotle is obviously not seeking an efficient cause in the sense of "what set it all off?" Aristotle's unmoved mover acts as final cause, as the good toward which all things strive. That is, it acts an objects of desire: "The object of desire and the object of thought move without being moved" (Met., 1072a26–27).[liên kết hỏng]
↑  Hankinson, R. J. (1997). Cause and Explanation in Ancient Greek Thought (PDF). Oxford University Press. p. 125 (PDF p. 103). Bản gốc (PDF) lưu trữ ngày 29 tháng 4 năm 2015. Truy cập ngày 10 tháng 8 năm 2021.
↑  Ross, Sir David; Ackrill, John Lloyd (2004). Aristotle. tr. 187. ISBN 9780203379530.
1 2  Shields, Christopher John (2007). Aristotle. tr. 121. ISBN 9780203961940.
↑  Aristotle (J. L. Stocks trans.) (ngày 7 tháng 1 năm 2009). “De Caelo” [On the Heavens]. The Internet Classics Archive. I.9, 279 a17–30.
↑  "Cosmological Argument for the Existence of God", in Macmillan Encyclopedia of Philosophy (1967), Vol. 2, p. 233ff.
↑  Aristotle, Physics VIII 6, 258 b26-259 a9.
↑  Now understood as the Earth's rotation.
↑  Aristotle, Nicomachean Ethics X 1177 a20
↑  Aristotle, Physics VIII, 4–6.
↑  Brentano, F.C.; George, R.; Chisholm, R.M. (1978). Aristotle and His World View. University of California Press. tr. 56. ISBN 9780520033900. LCCN lc76050245.
↑  Aristotle, De Caelo Book I Chapter 10 280a6.
↑  Aristotle, Physics Book VIII 251–253.
↑  Aristotle; (trans. Hardie, R. P. & Gaye, R. K.) (ngày 7 tháng 1 năm 2009). “Physics”. The Internet Classics Archive.Quản lý CS1: nhiều tên: danh sách tác giả (liên kết)
↑  Shields, Christopher John (2007). Aristotle . Taylor & Francis. tr. 222. ISBN 978-0-415-28331-1.
↑  Ross, Sir David; Ackrill, John Lloyd (2004). Aristotle. tr. 186. ISBN 9780203379530.
↑  The outermost celestial sphere, for Aristotle, the sphere of fixed stars.
↑  Aristotle, Metaphysics, 1073a14–15.
↑  Iliad, ii, 204; quoted in Aristotle, Metaphysics, 1076a5.
↑  Harry A. Wolfson, "The Plurality of Immovable Movers in Aristotle and Averroës," Harvard Studies in Classical Philology, 63 (1958): 233–253.