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↑  Garros, Joel Z. (9 tháng 1 năm 2006). “A brave old world: an analysis of scientific racism and BiDil”. McGill Journal of Medicine. 9 (1): 54–60. PMC 2687899. PMID 19529811.
↑  Norton, Heather L.; Quillen, Ellen E.; Bigham, Abigail W.; Pearson, Laurel N.; Dunsworth, Holly (9 tháng 7 năm 2019). “Human races are not like dog breeds: refuting a racist analogy”. Evolution: Education and Outreach. 12 (1): 17. doi:10.1186/s12052-019-0109-y. ISSN 1936-6434. S2CID 255479613.
↑  Kenyon-Flatt, Britanny (19 tháng 3 năm 2021). “How Scientific Taxonomy Constructed the Myth of Race”. Sapiens.
↑  "Ostensibly scientific": cf. Theodore M. Porter, Dorothy Ross (eds.) 2003. The Cambridge History of Science: Volume 7, The Modern Social Sciences Cambridge University Press, p. 293 "Race has long played a powerful popular role in explaining social and cultural traits, often in ostensibly scientific terms"; Adam Kuper, Jessica Kuper (eds.), The Social Science Encyclopedia (1996), "Racism", p. 716: "This [sc. scientific] racism entailed the use of 'scientific techniques', to sanction the belief in European and American racial Superiority"; Routledge Encyclopedia of Philosophy: Questions to Sociobiology (1998), "Race, theories of", p. 18: "Its exponents [sc. of scientific racism] tended to equate race with species and claimed that it constituted a scientific explanation of human history"; Terry Jay Ellingson, The myth of the noble savage (2001), 147ff. "In scientific racism, the racism was never very scientific; nor, it could at least be argued, was whatever met the qualifications of actual science ever very racist" (p. 151); Paul A. Erickson, Liam D. Murphy, A History of Anthropological Theory (2008), p. 152: "Scientific racism: Improper or incorrect science that actively or passively supports racism".
1 2  Gould 1981, tr. 28–29. "Few tragedies can be more extensive than the stunting of life, few injustices deeper than the denial of an opportunity to strive or even to hope, by a limit imposed from without, but falsely identified as lying within."
1 2  Kurtz, Paul (tháng 9 năm 2004). “Can the Sciences Help Us to Make Wise Ethical Judgments?”. Skeptical Inquirer. Bản gốc lưu trữ ngày 23 tháng 11 năm 2007. Truy cập ngày 1 tháng 12 năm 2007. There have been abundant illustrations of pseudoscientific theories-monocausal theories of human behavior that were hailed as "scientific"-that have been applied with disastrous results. Examples: ... Many racists today point to IQ to justify a menial role for blacks in society and their opposition to affirmative action.
↑  Kaldis, Byron biên tập (2013). Encyclopedia of Philosophy and the Social Sciences. SAGE Publications. tr. 779. ISBN 9781452276045.
↑  Templeton, A. (2016). EVOLUTION AND NOTIONS OF HUMAN RACE. In Losos J. & Lenski R. (Eds.), How Evolution Shapes Our Lives: Essays on Biology and Society (pp. 346–361). Princeton; Oxford: Princeton University Press. doi:10.2307/j.ctv7h0s6j.26. That this view reflects the consensus among American anthropologists is stated in: Wagner, Jennifer K.; Yu, Joon-Ho; Ifekwunigwe, Jayne O.; Harrell, Tanya M.; Bamshad, Michael J.; Royal, Charmaine D. (tháng 2 năm 2017). “Anthropologists' views on race, ancestry, and genetics”. American Journal of Physical Anthropology. 162 (2): 318–327. doi:10.1002/ajpa.23120. PMC 5299519. PMID 27874171. See also: American Association of Physical Anthropologists (27 tháng 3 năm 2019). “AAPA Statement on Race and Racism”. American Association of Physical Anthropologists. Truy cập ngày 19 tháng 6 năm 2020.
↑  Sự 'hèn kém' của giống người An Nam hay là một khoa học giả hiệu?
↑  Cf. Patricia Hill Collins, Black feminist thought: knowledge, consciousness, and the politics of empowerment (2nd ed., 2000), Glossary, p. 300: "Scientific racism was designed to prove the inferiority of people of color"; Simon During, Cultural studies: a critical introduction (2005), p. 163: "It [sc. scientific racism] became such a powerful idea because ... it helped legitimate the domination of the globe by whites"; David Brown and Clive Webb, Race in the American South: From Slavery to Civil Rights (2007), p. 75: "...the idea of a hierarchy of races was driven by an influential, secular, scientific discourse in the second half of the eighteenth century and was rapidly disseminated during the nineteenth century".
↑  UNESCO, The Race Question, p. 8
↑  Gannon, Megan (5 tháng 2 năm 2016). “Race Is a Social Construct, Scientists Argue”. Scientific American (bằng tiếng Anh). Truy cập ngày 25 tháng 12 năm 2018.
↑  Daley, C. E.; Onwuegbuzie, A. J. (2011). “Race and Intelligence”.  Trong Sternberg, R.; Kaufman, S. B. (biên tập). The Cambridge Handbook of Intelligence. Cambridge New York: Cambridge University Press. tr. 293–306. ISBN 9780521518062.
↑  Diana Smay, George Armelagos (2000). “Galileo wept: A critical assessment of the use of race in forensic anthropolopy” (PDF). Transforming Anthropology. 9 (2): 22–24. doi:10.1525/tran.2000.9.2.19. Bản gốc (PDF) lưu trữ ngày 18 tháng 8 năm 2018. Truy cập ngày 13 tháng 7 năm 2016.
↑  Rotimi, Charles N. (2004). “Are medical and nonmedical uses of large-scale genomic markers conflating genetics and 'race'?”. Nature Genetics. 36 (11 Suppl): 43–47. doi:10.1038/ng1439. PMID 15508002. Two facts are relevant: (i) as a result of different evolutionary forces, including natural selection, there are geographical patterns of genetic variations that correspond, for the most part, to continental origin; and (ii) observed patterns of geographical differences in genetic information do not correspond to our notion of social identities, including 'race' and 'ethnicity
↑  Jen E. Boyle (2010), "Anamorphosis in Early Modern Literature: Mediation and Affect", Ashgate, p. 74