stanford-oval/wikipedia huggingface dataset:
Capriccio (opera)
Seçilmiş disk kayıtları

Ana madde: Capriccio diskografisi
Dariyan

| Dariyan داريان‎ |
| --- | --- |
Şehir
DariyanŞehrin İran'daki konumu
Ülke:  İran
Eyalet: Fars Eyaleti
Şehristan: Şiraz şehristanı
Bahş: Merkezi bahşı
Rakım: 1600 m
Nüfus (2006)
 • Toplam: 9.926
Zaman dilimi: UTC+03.30 (IRST)
 • Yaz (YSU): UTC+04.30 (IRST)
Dariyan (Farsça: داريان‎), İran'ın Fars Eyaleti'nde şehir.
Eyaletin Şiraz şehristanı'nın, Merkezi bahşı'nda bulunan şehrin 2006 yılı resmî nüfusu 9.926 kişi ve 2.558 hanedir.
Budizm kavramları

Muhtelif Budist terim ve kavramların asıl terimin bütün derinliğiyle kapsayacak Türkçe tercümeleri yoktur. Aşağıda birçok mühim Budist terim, kısa tanımlar ve hangi dilde kullandıkları sıralanmıştır. Bu listede terimleri asıl şekline göre düzenlemek ve başka dillerdeki tercüme ve eş anlamlı kelimeleri vermeye çalıştık.
Burada üstesinden gelmeye çalıştığımız diller ve gelenekler şunlardır:
İngilizce (İng.)
Pāli: Theravāda Budizmi
Sanskrit (veya Budist Karışık Sanskrit): öncelikle Mahāyāna Budizmi
Birmanca (Bir): Birman Budizmi
Kmerce: Theravāda Budizmi
Monca (Mon): Theravāda Budizmi
Moğolca (Mn): Moğol Budizmi
Şanca (Şan): Theravāda Budizmi
Tibetçe (Tib): Tibet Budizmi
Tayca: Theravāda Budizmi
CJKV dilleri
Çince (Cn): Çin Budizmi
Japonca (Jp): Japon Budizmi
Korece (Ko): Kore Budizmi
Vietnamca (Vi): Vietnam Budizmi
İçindekiler

A B C Ç D E F G H I İ J K L M N O Ö P Q R S Ş T U Ü V W X Y Z
C

| Definition | Etymology | In other languages |
| --- | --- | --- |
| cetana Volition |  Pali: cetana |  Bur: စေတနာ, sedana (sèdənà) |
| Cetiya A reliquary holding holy objects of veneration |  Pali: cetiya  Sanskrit: caitya |  Bur: စေတီ, zedi (zèdi)  Khm:  Mon: စေတဳ, setaow (cetɔe)  Şan: ၸေႇတီႇ, tseti (tse˨ ti˨)  Sin: චෛත්‍යයය chedi  Tayca: เจดีย์ chedi  Tib: མཆོད་རྟེན༏ mchod rten (chorten)  塔 Zh: Ta  Vi: Tháp  Ko: Tap  Jp: 卒塔婆 sotōba |
F

| Definition | Etymology | In other languages |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Five Five-Hundred-Year Periods Five sub-divisions of the three periods following the Buddha's passing (三時繫念 Cn: sānshí; Jp: sanji; Vi: tam thời), significant for many Mahayana adherents: Age of enlightenment (解脱堅固 Cn: jiětuō jiāngù; Jp: gedatsu kengo)  Age of meditation (禅定堅固 Cn: chándìng jiāngù; Jp: zenjō kengo) These two ages comprise the Former Day of the Law (正法時期 Cn: zhèngfǎ; Jp: shōbō)  Age of reading, reciting, and listening (読誦多聞堅固 Cn: sòngduōwén jiāngù; Jp: dokuju tamon kengo)  Age of building temples and stupas (多造塔寺堅固 Cn: duōzào tǎsì jiāngù; Jp: tazō tōji kengo) These two ages comprise the Middle Day of the Law (像法時期 Cn: xiàngfǎ; Jp: zōhō)  Age of conflict (闘諍堅固 Cn: zhēng jiāngù; Jp: tōjō kengo), an age characterized by unrest, strife, famine, and other natural and human-made disasters. This age corresponds to the beginning of the Latter Day of the Law (末法時期 Cn: mòfǎ; Jp: mappō) when the (historical) Buddha's teachings would lose all power of salvation and perish (白法隠没 Cn: báifǎméi; Jp: byakuhō onmotsu) and a new Buddha would appear to save the people. The three periods and the five five-hundred year periods are described in the Sutra of the Great Assembly (大集 Cn: dàjí; Jp: Daishutu-kyō, Daijuku-kyō, Daijikkyō, or Daishukkyō). |  |  五箇五百歲, 五箇五百歳 Cn: 五箇五百歲 wǔ ge wǔbǎi suì  Jp: 五箇の五百歳 go no gohyaku sai  Vi: ?? |
| Four Noble Truths Suffering: Dukkha (Sanskrit: duḥkhāryasatya; Bur: ဒုက္ခ, dokkha; Tayca: ทุกข์; 苦諦 Cn: kǔdì; Jp: kutai; Vi: khổ đế; Mn: зовлон, zovlon)  Attachment (desire): Samudaya (Sanskrit: samudayāryasatya; Bur: သမုဒယ, thamodaya; Tayca: สมุทัย; 集諦 Cn: jídì; Jp: jittai; Vi: tập khổ đế; ; Mn: зовлонгийн шалтгаан, zovlongiin shaltgaan)  Elimination of attachment (desire): Nirodha (Sanskrit: duḥkhanirodhāryasatya; Bur: နိရောဓ, niyawdha; Tayca: นิโรธ; 滅諦 Cn: mièdì; Jp: mettai; Vi: diệt khổ đế; Mn: гэтлэх, getlekh)  The path that leads out of suffering: Magga (Sanskrit: duḥkhanirodhagāminī pratipad; Bur: မဂ်, meg; Tayca: มรรค; 道諦 Cn: dàodì; Jp: dōtai; Vi: đạo đế; Mn: мөр, mör) |  |  Pāli: cattāri ariya-saccāni  Sanskrit: चत्वारि आर्यसत्यानि catvāry āryasatyāni  Bur: သစ္စာလေးပါး, thissa lei ba (θɪʔsà lé bá)  Khmr: អរិយសច្ចៈទាំង៤  四聖諦 Cn: Sìdì  Jp: Shitai  Vi: Tứ diệu đế  Mn: Хутагтын дөрвөн үнэн, khutagtiin dörvön unen |
| fukudo In Zen, term for person who strikes the han |  Japonca: 副堂 |  |
G

| Definition | Etymology | In other languages |
| --- | --- | --- |
| gassho A position used for greeting, with the palms together and fingers pointing upwards in prayer position; used in various Buddhist traditions, but also used in numerous cultures throughout Asia. It expresses greeting, request, thankfulness, reverence and prayer. Also considered a mudra or inkei of Japonca Shingon. See also: Añjali Mudrā, Namaste and Wai. |  Japonca: 合掌 gasshō |  Sanskrit: anjali  合掌 Cn: hézhǎng (more common to say 合十 héshí)  Vi: hiệp chưởng |
| Gautama Buddha |  Pāli: Gotama  Sanskrit: Gautama |  Bur: ဂေါတမ (ɡɔ́dəma̰) |
| geshe A Tibetçe Buddhist academic degree in the Gelug tradition, awarded at the conclusion of lengthy studies often lasting nine years or more |  Tibetçe: དགེ་ཤེས་ |  Mn: гэвш gevsh  格西 |
| gongan, lit. "public case", A meditative method developed in the Chán/Seon/Zen traditions, generally consisting of a problem that defies solution by means of rational thought; see koan |  Çince 公案 gōng-àn |  公案 Jp: kōan  Ko: gong'an  Vi: công án |
| Guan Yin The bodhisattva of compassion in East Asian Buddhism, with full name being Guan Shi Yin. Guan Yin is considered to be the female form of Avalokiteshvara but has been given many more distinctive characteristics. |  Çince 觀音 Guān Yīn or 觀世音 Guān Shì Yīn |  觀音 or 觀世音 Jp: Kannon or Kanzeon  Ko: Gwaneum or Gwanse-eum  Vi: Quan Âm or Quan Thế Âm |
H

| Definition | Etymology | In other languages |
| --- | --- | --- |
| han In Zen monasteries, wooden board that is struck announcing sunrise, sunset and the end of the day |  Japonca: 板 |  |
| Hinayana, lit. "inferior vehicle", A coinage by the Mahayana for the Buddhist doctrines concerned with the achievement of Nirvana as a Śrāvakabuddha or a Pratyekabuddha, as opposed to a Samyaksambuddha |  Sanskrit: hīnayāna |  Bur: ဟီနယာန, hinayana (hḭna̰jàna̰)  小乘 or 小乗, 二乘 Cn: Xiǎoshèng  Jp: Shōjō  Vi: Tiểu thừa  Mn: Бага хөлгөн, Baga hölgön |
İ

| Definition | Etymology | In other languages |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Ino, Jp. lit. "bringer of joy to the assembly." Originally from Sanskrit karmadana, lit. bestower of conduct [karma]. In Zen, the supervisor of the meditation hall [sodo]. One of the six senior temple administrators. |  Japonca: 維那 |  |
J

| Definition | Etymology | In other languages |
| --- | --- | --- |
| jhana Meditative contemplation; more often associated with śamatha practices than vipaśyana. See also: shamata, samadhi, samapatti |  from √dhyā: to think of, to contemplate, meditate on  Pāli: jhāna  Sanskrit: dhyāna |  Bur: ဈာန်, zan (zàɴ)  Mon: ဇျာန်, ([chàn]}})  Tayca: ฌาน chaan  禪 or 禪那, 禅 or 禅那  Sinhala: ජාන jhāna Cn: Chán or Chánnà  Jp: Zen or Zenna  Ko: Seon  Vi: Thiền or Thiền-na  Mn: дияан, diyan |
| jisha In Zen, a senior priest's attendant |  Japonca: 侍者 jisha |  |
| jukai Zen public ordination ceremony wherein a lay student receives certain Buddhist precepts. |  Çince: 受戒, shou jie  Korean: 수계, sugye |  |
K

| Definition | Etymology | In other languages |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Kakusandha Buddha |  Pāli: Kakusandha  Sanskrit: Krakkucchanda |  Bur: ကကုသန်, Kakuthan (ka̰kṵθàɴ)  拘留孙佛 Zh: Jūliúsūn Fó |
| karma, lit. "action", The law of cause and effect in Buddhism |  from √kri: to do  Sanskrit: karma  Pāli: kamma |  Bur: ကံ, kan (kàɴ) or ကြမ္မာ, kyamma (tɕəmà)  Mon: ကံ, ([kɔm]}})  Şan: ၵျၢမ်ႇမႃႇ, ([kjaːm˨ maː˨]}}) or ၵၢမ်ႇ, ([kaːm˨]}})  Tayca: กรรม gum  Tib: ལས, lai  Mn: үйлийн үр, uiliin ür  業¹, 因果² Cn: ¹yè, comm.: ²yīnguǒ  Jp: gō, inga  Ko: 업 eob  Vi: nghiệp |
| Kassapa Buddha |  Pāli: Kassapa Sanskrit: Kasyapa |  Bur: ကဿပ, Kathapa (kaʔθəpa̰)  迦葉佛 Zh: Jiāyè Fó |
| kensho In Zen, enlightenment; has the same meaning as satōri, but is customary used for an initial awakening experience |  Japonca: 見性 kenshō |  見性 Cn: jiànxìng  Vi: kiến tính |
| khyenpo, also khenpo, An academic degree similar to a doctorate in theology, philosophy, and psychology |  Tibetçe |  |
| khanti patience |  |  Bur: ခန္တီ, khanti (kʰàɴ dì)  Şan: ၶၼ်ႇထီႇ, ([kʰan˨ tʰi˨]}})  Tayca: ขันติ kanti  耐心 Cn: Nàixīn  Vi: |
| kinhin Zen walking meditation |  Japonca: 経行 kinhin or kyōgyō |  經行 Cn: jīngxíng  Vi: ?? |
| koan A story, question, problem or statement generally inaccessible to rational understanding, yet may be accessible to Intuition |  Japonca: 公案 kōan |  公案 Cn: gōng-àn  Ko: gong'an  Vi: công án |
| ksanti The practice of exercising patience toward behaviour or situations that might not necessarily deserve it—it is seen as a conscious choice to actively give patience as a gift, rather than being in a state of oppression in which one feels obligated to act in such a way. |  Sanskrit |  |
| Koṇāgamana Buddha |  Pāli and Sanskrit: Koṇāgamana  |  Bur: ကောဏာဂုံ, Kawnagon (kɔ́nəɡòuɴ)  拘那含佛 Zh: Jūnàhán Fó |
| kyosaku In Zen, a flattened stick used to strike the shoulders during zazen, to help overcome fatigue or reach satori |  Japonca: 警策 kyōsaku, called keisaku in Rinzai |  香板 Cn: xiangban |
L

| Definition | Etymology | In other languages |
| --- | --- | --- |
| lama A Tibetçe teacher or master; equivalent to Sanskrit "guru" |  Tibetçe: བླ་མ་ lama |  Sanskrit: guru  喇嘛 Cn: lǎma  Jp: rama  Vi: lạt-ma  Mn: лам, lam |
| lineage The official record of the historical descent of dharma teachings from one teacher to another; by extension, may refer to a tradition |  |  傳承 |
N

| Definition | Etymology | In other languages |
| --- | --- | --- |
| namo An exclamation showing reverence; devotion. Often placed in front of the name of an object of veneration, e.g., a Buddha's name or a sutra (Nam(u) Myōhō Renge Kyō), to express devotion to it. Defined in Sino-Japonca as 帰命 kimyō: to base one's life upon, to devote (or submit) one's life to  Derivatives: Namo Amitabha |  Pāli: namo  Sanskrit: namaḥ or namas Derivatives: Sanskrit: namo-'mitābhāya |  Bur: နမော, namaw (nəmɔ́)  Tib: ཕྱག་འཚལ་(ལོ), chag tsal (lo)  Mn: мөргөмү, mörgömü  南無 Cn: nánmó  Jp: namu or nam  Ko: namu  Vi: nam-mô Derivatives: 南無阿弥陀佛 Cn: Nánmó Ēmítuó fó  Jp: Namu Amida butsu  Ko:  Namu Amita Bul  Vi: Nam-mô A-di-đà Phật  南無觀世音菩薩 Cn:  Nánmó Guán Syr Yín Pū Sá  Jp:  Namu Kanzeon Butsu  Ko:  Namu Gwan Se Eum Bo Sal  Vi:  Nam-mô Quan Thế Âm Bồ Tát |
| nekkhamma renunciation |  Pāli:    Sanskrit:   |  Bur: နိက္ခမ, neikhama (neiʔkʰəma̰)  Tayca: เนกขัมมะ nekkamma  Mn: магад гарахуй, magad garahui  出世 Cn: Chūshì  Jp: syusse   Vi:   |
| Nibbana/Nirvana Extinction or extinguishing; ultimate enlightenment in the Buddhist tradition |  from niḥ-√vā: to extinguish  Pāli: nibbāna  Sanskrit: nirvana |  Bur: နိဗ္ဗာန်, neibban (neiʔbàɴ)  Tayca: นิพพาน nípphaan  Tib: མྱ་ངན་ལས་འདས་པ, mya-ngan-las-'das-pa  Mn: нирван, nirvan  涅槃 Cn: Nièpán  Jp: Nehan  Ko: Yeolban  Vi: Niết-bàn |
| Nikaya, lit. "volume", The Buddhist texts in Pāli |  Pāli: nikāya |  Sanskrit: Āgama  Bur: နိကာယ, nikaya (nḭkəja̰)  部經 Cn: Bùjīng  Jp: ??  Vi: Bộ kinh |
| Noble Eightfold Path Right View (Pāli: sammā-diṭṭhi; Sanskrit: samyag-dṛṣṭi; 正見 Cn: zhèngjiàn; Vi: chính kiến)  Right Thought (Pāli: sammā-saṅkappa; Sanskrit: samyak-saṃkalpa; 正思唯 Cn: zhèngsīwéi; Vi: chính tư duy) These 2 constitute the path of Wisdom (Pāli: paññā; Sanskrit: prajñā)  Right Speech (Pāli: sammā-vācā; Sanskrit: samyag-vāk; 正語 Cn: zhèngyǔ; Vi: chính ngữ)  Right Action (Pāli: sammā-kammanta; Sanskrit: samyak-karmānta; 正業 Cn: zhèngyè; Vi: chính nghiệp)  Right Living (Pāli: sammā-ājīva; Sanskrit: samyag-ājīva; 正命 Cn: zhèngmìng; Vi: chính mệnh) These 3 constitute the path of Virtue (Pāli: sīla; Sanskrit: śīla)  Right Effort (Pāli: sammā-vāyāma; Sanskrit: samyag-vyāyāma; 正精進 Cn: zhèngjīngjìn; Vi: chính tinh tiến)  Right Mindfulness (Pāli: sammā-sati; Sanskrit: samyag-smṛti; 正念 Cn: zhèngniàn; Vi: chính niệm)  Right Concentration (Pāli: sammā-samādhi; Sanskrit: samyak-samādhi; 正定 Cn: zhèngdìng; Vi: chính định) The last 3 constitute the path of Concentration (Pāli, Sanskrit: samādhi) |  Pāli: aṭṭhāṅgika-magga  Sanskrit: aṣṭāṅgika-mārga |  Bur: မဂ္ဂင်, meggin (mɛʔɡɪ̀ɴ)  Tayca: อริยมรรค ariya-mak  八正道 Cn: Bāzhèngdào  Jp: Hasshōdō  Ko: Paljeongdo  Vi: Bát chính đạo |
O

| Definition | Etymology | In other languages |
| --- | --- | --- |
| oryoki A set of bowls used in a Zen eating ceremony |  Japonca: 応量器 ōryōki |  |
| osho A term used to address a monk of the Zen Buddhist tradition. Originally reserved for high ranking monks, it has since been appropriated for everyday use when addressing any male member of the Zen clergy |  Japonca: 和尚 oshō |  |
R

| Definition | Etymology | In other languages |
| --- | --- | --- |
| rebirth The process of continuity of life after death |  Pāli: punabbhava  Sanskrit: punarbhava |  輪廻 Cn: lunhui  Jp: rinne  Vi: luân hồi |
| Ratnasambhava |  Sanskrit: Ratnasambhava |  Tib: རིན་ཆེན་འབྱུང་གནས Rinchen Jung ne  Mn: ᠡᠷᠳᠡᠨᠢ ᠭᠠᠷᠬᠣ ᠢᠢᠨ ᠣᠷᠣᠨ᠂ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠰ ᠡᠷᠳᠡᠨᠢ; Эрдэнэ гарахын орон, Төгс Эрдэнэ; Erdeni garkhu yin oron, Tegüs Erdeni |
| refuge Usually in the form of "take refuge in the Three Jewels" |  Pāli: saraṇa  Sanskrit: śaraṇa |  Bur: သရဏဂုံ, tharanagon (θəɹənəɡòuɴ)  Mn: аврал, avral  Tib: skyabs  Tayca: สรณะ sorana  歸依 Cn: guīyī  Jp: kie  Vi: quy y |
| Rinpoche, lit. "precious one", An honorific title for a respected Tibetçe lama, such as a tulku |  Tibetçe: རིན་པོ་ཆེ་, rin-po-che |  Mn: римбүчий, rimbuchii  仁波切 Cn: rénbōqiē  Jp: ??  Vi: ?? |
| Rinzai Zen sect emphasizing koan study; named for master Linji |  Japonca: 臨済宗 Rinzai-shū |  臨濟宗 Cn: Línjì-zōng  Vi: Lâm Tế tông |
| Rohatsu A day traditionally honored as the day of the Buddha's enlightenment. While deep in meditation under a bodhi tree, he attained enlightenment upon seeing the morning star just at dawn; celebrated on the 8th day either of December or of the 12th month of the lunar calendar |  Japonca: 臘八 Rōhatsu or Rohachi |  |
| roshi, lit. "Master", An honorific given to Zen teachers in the Rinzai and Obaku sects. |  Japonca 老師 Rōshi |  禅師 Cn: '’chan shī (lit., old master) |
Ş

| Definition | Etymology | In other languages |
| --- | --- | --- |
| şikantaza Soto Zen. "Only concentrated on sitting" is the main practice of the Soto school of Japonca Zen Buddhism |  Japonca: 只管打座 |  默照 Cn: mòzhào |
| şunyata Emptiness; see also Nagarjuna |  Pāli: suññatā  Sanskrit: śūnyatā |  Bur: သုည, ' (θòuɴɲa̰)  Şan: သုင်ႇၺႃႉ, ([sʰuŋ˨ ɲaː˥]}})  Tib: stong pa nyid  Mn: хоосон чанар, khooson chanar  空 Cn: kōng  Jp: kū  Vi: tính Không |
U

| Definition | Etymology | In other languages |
| --- | --- | --- |
| upadana Clinging; the 9th link of Pratitya-Samutpada; the Ninth Twelve Nidanas |  Pāli, Sanskrit: upādāna |  Bur: ဥပါဒါန်, upadan (ṵpàdàɴ)  Şan: ဢူႉပႃႇတၢၼ်ႇ, ([ʔu˥ paː˨ taːn˨]}})  Tayca: อุปาทาน u-pa-taan  Tib: ལེན་པ, len pa  Mn: авахуй, avahui  取(十二因緣第九支) Cn: qǔ  Jp: shu  Vi: thủ |
| Upajjhaya spiritual teacher |  Pāli: Upajjhaya  Sanskrit: upādhyāy |  Bur: ဥပဇ္ဇာယ်ဆရာ, Upyizesaya (ṵ pjɪʔzèsʰajà) |
| upasaka A lay follower of Buddhism |  Sanskrit: upāsaka |  Bur: ဥပါသကာ, upathaka (ṵpàθəkà)  Mon: ဥပါသကာ (ʊʔpasəka)  Tayca: อุบาสก u-ba-sok  近事男,優婆塞 Cn: jìnshìnán  Jp: ??  Vi: cận sự nam |
| upasika A female lay follower |  from upasaka above  Sanskrit: upāsika |  Bur: ဥပါသိကာ, upathika (ṵpàθḭkà)  Tayca: อุบาสิกา u-ba-sika  近事女,優婆夷 Cn: jìnshìnǚ  Jp: ??  Vi: cận sự nữ |
| upaya Expedient though not necessarily ultimately true. Originally used as a polemical device against other schools - calling them "merely" expedient, lacking in ultimate truth, later used against ones own school to prevent students form forming attachments to doctrines  In Mahayana, exemplified by the Lotus Sutra, upaya are the useful means that Buddhas (and Buddhist teachers) use to free beings into enlightenment |  Sanskrit: upāya |  Bur: ဥပါယ်, upe (ṵ pè)  Tib: ཐབས, thabs  Mn: арга, arga  方便 Cn: fāngbiàn  Jp: hōben  Vi: phương tiện |
| upekkha equanimity |  Pāli: upekkhā  Sanskrit: upekṣā |  Bur: ဥပက္ခာ, upyikkha (ṵpjɪʔkʰà)  Tayca: อุเบกขา u-bek-kha  Tib: བཏང་སྙོམས་, btang snyoms  Mn: тэгшид барихуй, tegshid barihui  镇定，沉着 Cn: Zhèndìng, chénzhuó |
| urna A concave circular dot on the forehead between the eyebrows |  Sanskrit: urna | Mn: билгийн мэлмий, bilgiin melmii |
V

| Definition | Etymology | In other languages |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Vajrayana, The third major branch, alongside Hinayana and Mahayana, according to Tibetçe Buddhism's view of itself |  Sanskrit: vajrayāna, lit. "diamond vehicle" |  Bur: ဝဇိရယာန, wazeirayana (wəzeiɹa̰ jàna̰)  Tayca: วชิรญาณ wachira-yaan  Mn: Очирт хөлгөн, ochirt khölgön  金剛乘 Cn: Jīngāng shèng  Jp: Kongō jō  Vi: Kim cương thừa |
| Vairocana, |  Sanskrit: वैरोचन |  Tib: རྣམ་པར་སྣང་མཛད། rNam-par-snang mdzad  Mn: ᠪᠢᠷᠦᠵᠠᠨ᠎ ᠠ᠂ ᠮᠠᠰᠢᠳᠠ ᠋᠋ᠭᠡᠢᠢᠭᠦᠯᠦᠨ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠭᠴᠢ᠂ ᠭᠡᠭᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠭᠡᠷᠡᠯᠲᠦ;  Бярузана, Машид Гийгүүлэн Зохиогч, Гэгээн Гэрэлт;  Biruzana, Masida Geyigülün Zohiyaghci, Gegegen Gereltü |
| Vāsanā  habitual tendencies or dispositions |  Pāli and Sanskrit: Vāsanā |  Bur: ဝါသနာ, wathana (wàðanà) |
| Vinaya Pitaka, The first basket of the Tripitaka canon, which deals with the rules of monastic life |  Pāli, Sanskrit: vinaya-piṭaka, lit. "discipline basket" |  Bur: ဝိနည်းပိဋကတ်, wini pitakat (wḭní pḭdəɡaʔ)  Mon: ဝိနဲ (wìʔnòa)  Şan: ဝီႉၼႄး (wi˥˩ ɛ˦)  Tayca: วินัย wi-nai  Tib: འདུལ་བའི་སྡེ་སྣོད་ dul-bai sde-snod  Mn: Винайн аймаг сав, vinain aimag sav  律藏 Cn: Lǜzàng  Jp: Ritsuzō  Vi: Luật tạng |
| vipassana Usually translated as "Insight" meditation, most associated with the Theravāda tradition, but also present in some other traditions such as Tiantai. Often combined with śamatha meditation |  from vi-√dṛś: to see apart  Pāli: vipassanā  Sanskrit: vipaśyanā, vidarśanā |  Bur: ဝိပဿနာ, wipathana (wḭpaʔθanà)  Şan: ဝီႉပၢတ်ႈသၼႃႇ, ([wi˥ paːt˧ sʰa˩ naː˨]}})  Tayca: วิปัสสนา wipadsana  Tib: ལྷག་མཐོངlhag mthong  Mn: үлэмж үзэл, ulemj uzel  觀,観 Cn: guān  Jp: kan  Vi: quán |
| viriya energy, enthusiastic perseverance |  from    Pāli: viriya  Sanskrit: vīrya,   |  Tib: brtson-grus  Tayca: วิริยะ wiriya  能量 Cn: néngliàng   Jp: nōryō  Vi: năng-lượng |
Z

| Definition | Etymology | In other languages |
| --- | --- | --- |
| zazen Sitting meditation as practiced in the Zen School of Buddhism |  Japonca: 坐禅 |  坐禪 Cn: zuòchán  Kr: jwaseon  Vi: toạ thiền |
| Zen School A branch of Mahayana originating in China that originally emphasizes non-dualism and intuition. Modern monastic forms have a strong emphasis on zazen (Korean) or on zazen combined with militaristic top-down hazing (Japonca) |  Japonca: 禅宗 Zen-shu |  禪宗 Cn: Chánzōng  Vi: Thiền tông |
| zendo In Zen, a hall where zazen is practiced |  Japonca: 禅堂 |  禪堂 Cn: chántáng  Vi: thiền đường |
Ascochyta agerati

Ascochyta agerati, Ascochyta cinsine bağlı bir mantar türüdür.
Cottonwood County

| Cottonwood ili |
| --- | --- |
İl
Cottonwood County


Ülke:  ABD
Eyalet: Minnesota
Merkez: Windom
Yüzölçümü
 • Toplam: 1.680 km²
Nüfus (2020)
 • Toplam: 11.517
 • Yoğunluk: 6.9/km²
Zaman dilimi: UTC-06.00 (CST)
 • Yaz (YSU): UTC-05.00 (CDT)
Resmî site www.co.cottonwood.mn.us
Cottonwood ili veya Cottonwood County Amerika Birleşik Devletleri'nin Minnesota eyaletinde bulunan bir ildir. İlin nüfusu 2020 sayımına göre 11,517'dir. İlin merkezi Windom şehridir.
Capsicum cardenasii

Capsicum cardenasii, Capsicum cinsi ve Solanaceae familyasındaki bir bitki türüdür. 2n = 2x = 24 olan bir diploiddir. Yakın ilişkili Capsicum türlerinden oluşan bir grup olan C. pubescens kompleksinin bir üyesidir. C. eximium ile yakından ilişkilidir. And Dağları'na özgüdür ve Bolivya ve Peru'da bulunabilir. Yerel adı ulupica'dır .
Bitkisel özellikler

Capsicum cardenasii, Pubescens kompleksinin çoğu üyesi gibi, odunsu gövdeler geliştiren çok yıllık bir bitkidir. Bitki 2–3 fit yüksekliğine ve 1-1,5 fit genişliğine erişebilir. Yaprakları dar, mızrak şeklinde ve tüylüdür. Bitkiler genellikle boğum aralarında 1 ila 2 çiçek üretir. Yaprak sapları büyür dikleşir ve çan çiçeği, sarkık çiçekler verir. Taç yaprak beyaz ve mor renklidir. Bu bitki küçük, etli, kırmızı meyveler üretir. Muhtemelen rokoto biberlerinin vahşi atası olabilir.
Üreme

Gübrelemeden sonra C. cardenasii, bazen şiltepinler olarak da adlandırılan küçük yuvarlak kırmızı meyveler geliştirir. Meyveler az sayıda tohum içerir. Meyveleri keskindir, 30.000 SHU (Scoville Acılık Ölçeği) değeri ile oldukça baharatlıdırlar. Capsicum cardenasii kendiliğinden uyumsuzdur ve pubescens sınıfı dışındaki türlerle tek taraflı uyumsuzluk gösterirler.
Kullanımlar

Birincil kullanımı baharattır. Birçok yabani Caspium, bitki yetiştiricilerinin ilgisini çeken hastalık direnci sergiler. C. cardenasii'nin tütün mozaik virüsüne (TMV) dirençli olduğu gösterilmiştir ve bir gün bu direncin üreme yoluyla diğer Caspium türlerine aktarılma olasılığı vardır.
Ascochyta aegilopis

Ascochyta aegilopis, Ascochyta cinsine bağlı bir mantar türüdür.
Ascochyta affinis

Ascochyta affinis, Ascochyta cinsine bağlı bir mantar türüdür.
August Wilhelm Malm

August Wilhelm Malm (23 Temmuz 1821, Göteborg - 5 Mart 1882) İsveçli zoolog.
August Wilhelm Malm, Göteborg Doğa Tarihi Müzesi'nin ilk müdürüdür.
Çalışmaları

Kısmi liste
1855 Om Svenska landt- och söttvattens mollusker, med särskilt afseende på de arter och former, som förkomma i grannskapet af Christianstad (C) och Göteborg (G). Göteborgs Kongliga Vetenskaps och Vitterhets Samhälles Handlingar (Ny Tidsföljd) 3: 73-152.
1871. Hvaldjur I Sveriger Musser, ar 1869. Kungliga Svenska Vetenskaps-Akademiens Handlingar, Stockholm,9:1-104 + 6 pls. an annotated list of specimens of  cetaceans in Swedish museums
1877 Göteborg och Bohusläns fauna, Ryggradsdjvren  Göteborg, 674 pp.
Cristian Martínez (Andorralı futbolcu)

| 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
 
Kişisel bilgileri
Tam adı:  Cristian Martínez Alejo
Doğum tarihi:  16 Ekim 1989 (34 yaşında)
Doğum yeri:  Andorra la Vella, Andorra
Boyu:  1,87 m (6 ft 1+1⁄2 in)
Mevkii:  Orta saha
Kulüp bilgileri
Kulübü:  Atlètic Amèrica
Profesyonel kariyeri*
| Yıllar |  Takım |  Maç |  (Gol) |
| 2007–2013 |  FC Andorra |  140 |  (77) |
| 2013–2014 |  Lusitanos |  18 |  (9) |
| 2014–2016 |  FC Santa Coloma |  35 |  (30) |
| 2016–2019 |  FC Andorra |  91 |  (34) |
| 2019–2021 |  Inter d'Escaldes |  34 |  (5) |
| 2021–2022 |  FC Santa Coloma |  15 |  (0) |
| 2022 |  UE Engordany |  3 |  (0) |
| 2023 |  Ordino |  9 |  (0) |
| 2023- |  Atlètic Amèrica |   |   |
Millî takım kariyeri
| 2005 |   Andorra U-17 |  3 |  (0) |
| 2006–2007 |   Andorra U-19 |  4 |  (0) |
| 2009–2010 |   Andorra U-21 |  6 |  (0) |
| 2009– |   Andorra |  77 |  (5) |
 * Yalnızca lig maçları ve gollerini içerir. Güncelleme: 10 Ekim 2023 
Cristian Martínez (d. 16 Ekim 1989), Atlètic Amèrica takımında orta saha pozisyonunda görev yapan Andorralı millî futbolcudur.
Profesyonel kariyerine 2007 yılında FC Andorra kulübünde başladı.
Ascochyta agrostidis

Ascochyta agrostidis, Ascochyta cinsine bağlı bir mantar türüdür.
Aventura, Florida

| Aventura, Florida |
| --- | --- |


Ülke:  Birleşik Devletler
Eyalet:  Florida
İl: Miami
Yüzölçümü
 • Toplam: 9.1 km²
 • Su: 1,1 km² (4 mil²)
Nüfus
 • Toplam: 35.762
Resmî site http://www.cityofaventura.com/
Aventura, Miami, Florida'da bulunan program dahilinde tasarlanmış bir banliyö kent. Kentin adı İspanyolca bir sözcük olan adventureden gelmektedir. Bunun nedeni kentin planlanma evresinde özgün mülkiyet grubunun kent için: "Burası tam bir macera olacak." sözleridir. Bu adın düşünülmesi ABD'de bilinir bir alışveriş merkezi olan (Aventura Mall)'dan daha eskidir. 2010 nüfus sayımına göre kentte 35,762 kişi yaşamaktadır.