Viral hastalık
İnsanlarda klinik olarak önemli görülen viral hastalıklar ve karakteristikleri > Klinik özellikler

Virüslerin klinik özellikleri, aynı aile içindeki türler arasında önemli ölçüde farklılık gösterebilir:
| Tip | Aile | Bulaş | Hastalık | Tedavi | Korunma |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Adenovirus | Adenoviridae |  Damlacık teması  fekal-oral  cinsel yolla  Göz ile doğrudan temas |  gastroenterit  keratokonjunktivit  farenjit  faringokonjunktival ateş | Yok |  Adenovirus aşıları  El yıkama  Öksürürken ve hapşururken ağzı kapatma  Hastalarla yakın temastan kaçınma |
| Coxsackievirus | Picornaviridae |  fekal-oral  Solunum damlacık teması |  El, ayak ve ağız hastalığı  pleurodynia  aseptik menenjit  perikardit  miyokarditi | Yok |  El yıkama  Öksürürken ve hapşururken ağzı kapatma  Kirli sularla ve gıdalarla yakın temastan kaçınma  Temizliği arttırma |
| Cytomegalovirus | Herpesviridae |  vertical transmission  bodily fluids |  infectious mononucleosis  Cytomegalic inclusion disease  Premature birth  liver, lung and spleen diseases in the newborn  Small size at birth  Small head size  congenital seizures in the newborn |  ganciclovir  cidofovir  foscarnet |  hand washing  avoid sharing food and drinks with others  safe sex |
| Epstein–Barr virus | Herpesviridae |  saliva |  infectious mononucleosis  Burkitt's lymphoma  Hodgkin's lymphoma  nasopharyngeal carcinoma | None |  avoiding close contact with the sick |
| Hepatitis A virus | Picornaviridae |  fecal-oral |  acute hepatitis | Immunoglobulin (post-exposure prophylaxis) |  Hepatitis A vaccine  avoiding contaminated food/water  improved sanitation |
| Hepatitis B virus | Hepadnaviridae |  bodily fluids Vertical and sexual |  acute hepatitis  chronic hepatitis  hepatic cirrhosis  hepatocellular carcinoma |  Lamivudine  immunoglobulin  Adefovir  Entecavir  Pegylated interferon alfa-2 |  Hepatitis B vaccine  immunoglobulin (perinatal and post-exposure prophylaxis)  avoiding shared needles/syringes  safe sex |
| Hepatitis C virus | Flaviviridae |  blood  sexual contact |  acute hepatitis  chronic hepatitis  hepatic cirrhosis  hepatocellular carcinoma |  Ribavirin  Pegylated interferon alfa-2 |  avoiding shared needles/syringes  safe sex |
| Herpes simplex virus, type 1 | Herpesviridae |  direct contact  saliva |  herpes labialis, cold sores – can recur by latency  gingivostomatitis in children  tonsillitis & pharyngitis in adults  keratoconjunctivitis |  acyclovir  famciclovir  foscarnet  penciclovir |  avoiding close contact with lesions  safe sex |
| Herpes simplex virus, type 2 | Herpesviridae |  sexual contact  vertical transmission |  Skin vesicles, mucosal ulcers, Oral and/or genital Can be latent Aseptic meningitis |  acyclovir  famciclovir  foscarnet  penciclovir  cidofovir |  avoiding close contact with lesions  safe sex |
| HIV | Retroviridae |  sexual contact  blood  breast milk  vertical transmission |  AIDS | HAART, such as protease inhibitors and reverse-transcriptase inhibitors |  zidovudine (perinatally)  blood product screening  safe sex  avoiding shared needles/syringes |
| Human coronavirus 229E (HCoV-229E) | Coronaviridae |  droplet contact  fomites |  common cold  pneumonia  bronchiolitis |  |  |
| Human coronavirus NL63 (HCoV-NL63) | Coronaviridae |  droplet contact |  common cold  rhinitis  bronchitis  bronchiolitis  pneumonia  croup |  |  |
| Human coronavirus OC43 (HCoV-OC43) | Coronaviridae |  |  common cold  pneumonia |  |  |
| Human coronavirus HKU1 (HCoV-HKU1) | Coronaviridae |  |  common cold  pneumonia  bronchiolitis |  |  |
| Human herpesvirus, type 8 | Herpesviridae |  Saliva  Sexual |  Kaposi sarcoma  multicentric Castleman disease  primary effusion lymphoma | many in evaluation-stage |  avoid close contact with lesions  safe sex |
| Human papillomavirus | Papillomaviridae |  direct contact  sexual contact  vertical transmission |  (common, flat, plantar and anogenital warts, laryngeal papillomas, epidermodysplasia verruciformis)  Malignancies for some species (cervical carcinoma, squamous cell carcinomas) |  liquid nitrogen  laser vaporization  cytotoxic chemicals  interferon  cidofovir |  HPV vaccine  avoiding close contact with lesions  safe sex |
| Influenza virus | Orthomyxoviridae |  droplet contact |  influenza  (Reye syndrome) |  amantadine  rimantadine  zanamivir  oseltamivir |  influenza vaccine  amantadine  rimantadine  hand washing  covering mouth when coughing/sneezing  avoiding close contact with the sick |
| Measles virus | Paramyxoviridae |  droplet contact |  measles  postinfectious encephalomyelitis | None |  MMR vaccine  quarantining the sick  avoiding contact with the sick |
| Middle East respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus (MERS-CoV) | Coronaviridae |  close human contact |  Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) |  |  |
| Mumps virus | Paramyxoviridae |  droplet contact |  mumps | None |  MMR vaccine  avoiding close contact with the sick |
| Parainfluenza virus | Paramyxoviridae |  droplet contact |  croup  pneumonia  bronchiolitis  common cold | None |  hand washing  covering mouth when coughing/sneezing |
| Poliovirus | Picornaviridae |  fecal-oral |  poliomyelitis | None |  Polio vaccine  avoiding contaminated food and water  improved sanitation |
| Rabies virus | Rhabdoviridae |  animal bite  droplet contact |  rabies (fatal encephalitis) | Post-exposure prophylaxis |  rabies vaccine  avoiding rabid animals |
| Respiratory syncytial virus | Pneumoviridae |  droplet contact  hand to mouth |  bronchiolitis  pneumonia  influenza-like syndrome  severe bronchiolitis with pneumonia | (ribavirin) |  hand washing  avoiding close contact with the sick  palivizumab in high risk individuals  covering mouth when coughing/sneezing |
| Rubella virus | Togaviridae |  Respiratory droplet contact |  congenital rubella  German measles | None |  MMR vaccine  avoiding close contact with the sick |
| Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) | Coronaviridae |  droplet contact |  severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) |  |  |
| Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) | Coronaviridae |  droplet contact |  coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) |  |  hand washing  covering mouth when coughing or sneezing  social distancing |
| Varicella-zoster virus | Herpesviridae |  droplet contact  direct contact |  chickenpox  herpes zoster  Congenital varicella syndrome |  Varicella: acyclovir  famciclovir  valacyclovir Zoster: acyclovir  famciclovir |  Varicella: varicella vaccine  varicella-zoster immunoglobulin  avoiding close contact with the sick Zoster: vaccine  varicella-zoster immunoglobulin |
Göreceli boyutlarıyla en yaygın insan virüslerinden bazılarının viryonları. Nükleik asitler ölçekli değildir. SARS ve COVID-19 için SARS, çiçek hastalığı için variola virüsleri örneklenebilir.