Budizm kavramları
T

| Definition | Etymology | In other languages |
| --- | --- | --- |
| tangaryō A period of waiting for admission into a Zen monastery at the gate, lasting anywhere from one day to several weeks—depending on the quality of one's sitting. Refers to the room traveling monks stay in when visiting, or await admittance into the sōdō. |  Japonca: 旦過寮　 |   |
| tanha Craving or desire |  Pāli: taṇhā  Sanskrit: tṛṣṇā |  Bur: တဏှာ, tahna (tən̥à)  Tayca: ตัณหา tunha  Mn: хурьцахуй, khuritsahui  愛 Cn: ài  Jp: ai  Kr: 애 ae  Vi: ái |
| Tanto In Zen, one of the main temple leaders, lit."head of the tan." In a Zen temple, the Tanto is one of two officers (with the Godo) in charge monks' training. |  Japonca:単頭 |   |
| tantra Esoteric religious practices, including yoga, mantra, etc. See also Vajrayana. |  Sanskrit: tantra |  Mn: тарнийн ёс, дандар, tarniin yos, dandar  續部,怛特羅 Cn: dátèluó  Jp: ??  Vi: đát-đặc-la |
| Tathagata one of the Buddha's ten epithets |  Sanskrit: tathāgata; The "Thus-Gone One" |  Bur: တထာဂတ, tahtagata (ta̰tʰàɡəta̰)  Tayca: ตถาคต tatha-kohd  Mn: түүнчлэн ирсэн, tuunchlen irsen  如来 Cn: rúlái  Jp: nyorai  Vi: như lai |
| tathagatagarbha Buddha-nature or the seed of enlightenment |  Sanskrit: tathāgatagarbha |  佛性, 仏性 Cn: fóxìng  Jp: busshō  Also 覚性 Cn: juéxìng  Jp: kakushō  Vi: giác tính  Also 如来藏, 如来蔵 Cn: rúláizàng  Jp: nyuoraizō  Vi: như lai tạng |
| teisho A presentation by a Zen master during a sesshin. Rather than an explanation or exposition in the traditional sense, it is intended as a demonstration of Zen realisation |  Japonca: 提唱 teishō |  |
| tenzo In Zen, the head cook for a sesshin. In Zen temples, the officer in charge of the kitchen |  Japonca: 典座 tenzo |  典座 Cn: diǎnzuò  Vi: điển toạ |
| Theravada, lit. "words of the elders", Most popular form of Buddhism in Southeast Asia and Sri Lanka. |  Pāli: theravāda  Sanskrit: sthaviravāda |  Bur: ထေရဝါဒ, hterawada (tʰèɹa̰wàda̰ or tʰèja̰wàda̰)  Tayca: เถรวาท tera-waad  上座部 Cn: shàngzuòbù  Jp: jōzabu  Vi: Thượng toạ bộ |
| thera or theri, lit. "elder", Honorific applied to senior monks and nuns in the Theravada tradition. |  Pāli: thera |  Bur: ထေရ, htera (tʰèɹa̰) |
| Three Jewels Three things that Buddhists take refuge in: the Buddha, his teachings (Dharma) and the community of realized practitioners (Sangha), and in return look toward for guidance (see also Refuge (Buddhism)) |  Pāli: tiratana  Sanskrit: triratna |  Bur: သရဏဂုံသုံးပါး, tharanagon thon ba (θəɹənəɡòuɴ θóuɴ bá) OR ရတနာသုံးပါး, yadana thon ba (jədənà θóuɴ bá))  Tayca: ไตรรัตน์ trai-rut  Tib: དཀོན་མཆོག་གསུམ, dkon mchog gsum  Mn: чухаг дээд гурав chuhag deed gurav  三寶 Cn: sānbăo  Jp: sanbō  Vi: tam bảo |
| Three periods Three divisions of the time following the historical Buddha's passing: the Former (or Early) Day of the Law (正法 Cn: zhèngfǎ; Jp: shōbō), the first thousand years; the Middle Day of the Law (像法 Cn: xiàngfǎ; Jp: zōhō), the second thousand years; and the Latter Day of the Law (末法 Cn: mòfǎ; Jp: mappō), which is to last for 10,000 years.  The three periods are significant to Mahayana adherents, particularly those who hold the Lotus Sutra in high regard; e.g., Tiantai (Tendai) and Nichiren Buddhists, who believe that different Buddhist teachings are valid (i.e., able to lead practitioners to enlightenment) in each period due to the different capacity to accept a teaching (機根 Cn: jīgēn; Jp: kikon) of the people born in each respective period.  The three periods are further divided into five five-hundred year periods (五五百歳 Cn: wǔ wǔbǎi suì; Jp: go no gohyaku sai), the fifth and last of which was prophesied to be when the Buddhism of Sakyamuni would lose all power of salvation and a new Buddha would appear to save the people. This time period would be characterized by unrest, strife, famine, and other, natural disasters.  The three periods and the five five-hundred year periods are described in the Sutra of the Great Assembly (大集経 Cn: dàjí jīng; Jp: Daishutu-kyō, Daijuku-kyō, Daijikkyō, or Daishukkyō). Descriptions of the three periods also appear in other sutras, some of which ascribe different lengths of time to them (although all agree that Mappō will last for 10,000 years). |  |  三時 Cn: Sānshí  Jp: Sanji  Vi: Tam thời |
| Three Poisons or Three Fires The three primary causes of unskillful action that lead to the creation of "negative" karma; the three root kleshas: Attachment (Pāli: lobha; Sanskrit: rāga; Tib.: འདོད་ཆགས་ 'dod chags)  Aversion (Pali: doha; Sanskrit: dveṣa; Tib.: ཞེ་སྡང་ zhe sdang; Mn: урин хилэн, urin khilen; 瞋 Cn: chēn; Jp: jin; Vi: sân)  Ignorance (Pāli: moha; Sanskrit: moha; Tib.: གཏི་མུག་ gti mug) |  Pāli: kilesa (Defilements)  Sanskrit: kleśa |  Sanskit: triviṣa  Tib: düsum (dug gsum}})  Bur: မီးသုံးပါး, mi thon ba (mí θóuɴ bá)  Mn: гурван хор, gurvan khor  三毒 Cn: Sāndú  Jp: Sandoku  Vi: Tam độc |
| Tiantai/Tendai A Mahayana school of Çin that teaches the supremacy of the Lotus Sutra |  Çince: 天台 tiāntái |  天台宗 Cn: tiāntái zōng  Jp: tendai-shū  Vi: Thiên Tayca tông |
| trailõkya The 3 "regions" of the world: Kamaloka or Kamadhatu: world of desires (Sanskrit, Pāli: kāmaloka, kāmadhātu; Tibetçe: འདོད་ཁམས་ 'dod khams; Mn: амармагийн орон, amarmagiin oron; 欲界 Cn: yùjiè, Jp: yokkai  Vi: dục giới)  Rupaloka or Rupadhatu: world of form (Sanskrit: rūpaloka, rūpadhātu; Tibetçe: གཟུགས་ཁམས་ gzugs khams; Mn: дүрстийн орон, durstiin oron; 色界 Cn: sèjiè; Jp: shikikai , Vi: sắc giới)  Arupaloka or Arupadhatu: world without form or desire (Sanskrit: arūpaloka, arūpadhātu; Tibetçe: གཟུགས་མེད་ཁམས་ gzugs med khams; Mn: дүрсгүйн орон, dursquin oron; 無色界 Cn: wú sèjiè, Jp: mushikikai Vi: vô sắc giới) |  Sanskrit: triloka |  Pāli: tisso dhātuyo  Tibetçe: ཁམས་གསུམ་ khams gsum  Mn: гурван орон, gurvan oron  三界 Cn: sānjiè  Jp: sangai  Vi: tam giới |
| trikaya The 3 "bodies" of Buddha: Dharma-kaya (Sanskrit: dharmakāya; 法身 Cn: fǎshēn; Jp: hosshin; Vi: pháp thân)  Sambhoga-kaya (Sanskrit: saṃbhogakāya; 報身 Cn: bàoshēn; Jp: hōshin; Vi: báo thân)  Nirmana-kaya (Sanskrit: nirmāṇakāya; 應身,化身,応身 Cn: yìngshēn; Jp: ōjin; Vi: ứng thân) |  Sanskrit: trikāya |  三身 Cn: sānshēn  Jp: sanjin  Vi: tam thân |
| Tripitaka The "Three Baskets"; canon containing the sacred texts for Buddhism (Pāli) Vinaya Pitaka (Pāli, Sanskrit: Vinaya-piṭaka; Tib: འདུལ་བའི་སྡེ་སྣོད་ 'dul ba'i sde snod; Mn: винайн аймаг сав vinain aimag sav; 律藏, 律蔵 Cn: lǜzàng; Jp: Ritsuzō; Vi: Luật tạng)  Sutra Pitaka (Pāli: Sutta-piṭaka; Sanskrit: Sūtra-piṭaka; Tib: མདོ་སྡེའི་སྡེ་སྣོད་ mdo sde'i sde snod; Mn: судрын аймаг сав sudriin aimag sav; 經藏, 経蔵 Cn: jīngzàng; Jp: Kyōzō; Vi: Kinh tạng)  Abhidhamma Pitaka (Pāli: Abhidhamma-piṭaka; Sanskrit: Abhidharma-piṭaka; Tib: མངོན་པའི་སྡེ་སྣོད་ mngon pa'i sde snod; Mn: авидармын аймаг сав avidarmiin aimag sav; 論藏, 論蔵 Cn: lùnzàng; Jp: Ronzō; Vi: Luận tạng) |  Pāli: tipiṭaka  Sanskrit: tripiṭaka |  Birmanca: တိပိဋက, Tipitaka (tḭpḭtəka̰)  Tayca: ไตรปิฎก Traipidok  སྡེ་སྣོད་་གསུམ, sde snod gsum  Mn: гурван аймаг сав, gurvan aimag sav  三藏, 三蔵 Cn: Sānzàng  Jp: Sanzō  Ko: Samjang  Vi: Tam tạng |
| Triratna/Tiratana, see Three Jewels above |  Pāli: tiratana  Sanskrit: triratna |  Tib: དཀོན་མཆོག་གསུམ, dkon mchog gsum  Mn: гурван эрдэнэ, gurvan erdene |
trsna, see tanha above: 
| tulku A re-incarnated Tibetçe teacher |  Tibetçe: སྤྲུལ་སྐུ་ tulku |  Mn: хувилгаан, khuvilgaan  再來人 (轉世再來的藏系師長) Cn: Zài lái rén  Jp: keshin  Vi: hoá thân |