Periodontitis
Dipnotlar

1 2 3 4 5  "Gum Disease". National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research. February 2018. 13 Mart 2018 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 13 Mart 2018.
↑  "Gum Disease Complications". nhs.uk. 13 Mart 2018 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 13 Mart 2018.
↑  Albandar, Jasim M.; Adensaya, Margo R.; Streckfus, Charles F.; Winn, Deborah M. (December 2000). "Cigar, Pipe, and Cigarette Smoking as Risk Factors for Periodontal Disease and Tooth Loss". Journal of Periodontology. 71 (12). American Academy of Periodontology. ss. 1874-1881. doi:10.1902/jop.2000.71.12.1874. ISSN 0022-3492. PMID 11156044.
↑  "Periodontal Disease". CDC. 10 Mart 2015. 16 Kasım 2018 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 13 Mart 2018.
↑  GBD 2015 Disease and Injury Incidence and Prevalence Collaborators (October 2016). "Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 310 diseases and injuries, 1990–2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015". Lancet. 388 (10053). ss. 1545-1602. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(16)31678-6. PMC 5055577 $2. PMID 27733282.
↑  Savage, Amir; Eaton, Kenneth A.; Moles, David R.; Needleman, Ian (2009). "A systematic review of definitions of periodontitis and methods that have been used to identify this disease". Journal of Clinical Periodontology. 36 (6). ss. 458-467. doi:10.1111/j.1600-051X.2009.01408.x. PMID 19508246.
↑  Armitage, Gary C. (1999). "Development of a classification system for periodontal diseases and conditions". Annals of Periodontology. 4 (1). ss. 1-6. doi:10.1902/annals.1999.4.1.1. 13 Eylül 2019 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 19 Ocak 2017.
↑  "The Periodontal Disease Classification System of the American Academy of Periodontology — An Update". American Academy of Periodontology. 30 Mayıs 2016 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 19 Ocak 2017.
↑  D'Aiuto, Francesco; Parkar, Mohammed; Andreou, Georgios; Suvan, Hannu; Brett, Peter M.; Ready, Derren; Tonetti, Maurizio S. (2004). "Periodontitis and systemic inflammation: control of the local infection is associated with a reduction in serum inflammatory markers". J Dent Res. 83 (2). ss. 156-160. doi:10.1177/154405910408300214. PMID 14742655.
↑  Nibali, Luigi; D'Aiuto, Francesco; Griffiths, Gareth; Patel, Kalpesh; Suvan, Jean; Tonetti, Maurizio S. (2007). "Severe periodontitis is associated with systemic inflammation and a dysmetabolic status: a case-control study". Journal of Clinical Periodontology. 34 (11). ss. 931-7. doi:10.1111/j.1600-051X.2007.01133.x. PMID 17877746.
↑  Paraskevas, Spiros; Huizinga, John D.; Loos, Bruno G. (2008). "A systematic review and meta-analyses on C-reactive protein in relation to periodontitis". Journal of Clinical Periodontology. 35 (4). ss. 277-290. doi:10.1111/j.1600-051X.2007.01173.x. PMID 18294231.
↑  D'Aiuto, Francesco; Ready, Derren; Tonetti, Maurizio S. (2004). "Periodontal disease and C-reactive protein-associated cardiovascular risk". Journal of Periodontal Research. 39 (4). ss. 236-241. doi:10.1111/j.1600-0765.2004.00731.x. PMID 15206916.
↑  Pussinen PJ, Alfthan G, Jousilahti P, Paju S, Tuomilehto J (2007). "Systemic exposure to Porphyromonas gingivalis predicts incident stroke". Atherosclerosis. 193 (1). ss. 222-8. doi:10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2006.06.027. PMID 16872615.
↑  Pussinen PJ, Alfthan G, Rissanen H, Reunanen A, Asikainen S, Knekt P (Eylül 2004). "Antibodies to periodontal pathogens and stroke risk". Stroke. 35 (9). ss. 2020-3. doi:10.1161/01.STR.0000136148.29490.fe. PMID 15232116. 3 Şubat 2010 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 19 Ocak 2017.
↑  Pussinen PJ, Alfthan G, Tuomilehto J, Asikainen S, Jousilahti P (Ekim 2004). "High serum antibody levels to Porphyromonas gingivalis predict myocardial infarction". European Journal of Cardiovascular Prevention & Rehabilitation. 11 (5). ss. 408-11. doi:10.1097/01.hjr.0000129745.38217.39. PMID 15616414.
↑  Ford PJ, Gemmell E, Timms P, Chan A, Preston FM, Seymour GJ (2007). "Anti-P. gingivalis response correlates with atherosclerosis". J Dent Res. 86 (1). ss. 35-40. doi:10.1177/154405910708600105. PMID 17189460.
↑  Beck, James D.; Eke, Paul; Heiss, Gerardo; Madianos, Phoebus; Couper, David; Lin, Dongming; Moss, Kevin; Elter, John; Offenbacher, Steven (2005). "Periodontal Disease and Coronary Heart Disease : A Reappraisal of the Exposure". Circulation. 112 (1). ss. 19-24. doi:10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.104.511998. PMID 15983248. 10 Ocak 2020 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 19 Ocak 2017.
↑  Scannapieco, Frank A.; Bush, Renee B.; Paju, Susanna (2003). "Associations Between Periodontal Disease and Risk for Atherosclerosis, Cardiovascular Disease, and Stroke. A Systematic Review". Annals of Periodontology. 8 (1). ss. 38-53. doi:10.1902/annals.2003.8.1.38. PMID 14971247. 10 Nisan 2020 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 19 Ocak 2017.
↑  Wu, Tiejian; Trevisan, Maurizio; Genco, Robert J.; Dorn, Joan P.; Falkner, Karen L.; Sempos, Christopher T. (2000). "Periodontal Disease and Risk of Cerebrovascular Disease: The First National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey and Its Follow-up Study". Archives of International Medicine. 160 (18). ss. 2749-2755. doi:10.1001/archinte.160.18.2749. PMID 11025784. 23 Mart 2012 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 19 Ocak 2017.
↑  Beck, James D.; Elter, John R.; Heiss, Gerardo; Couper, David; Mauriello, Sally M.; Offenbacher, Steven (2001). "Relationship of Periodontal Disease to Carotid Artery Intima-Media Wall Thickness : The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study". Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology. 21 (11). ss. 1816-1822. doi:10.1161/hq1101.097803. 15 Haziran 2011 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 19 Ocak 2017.
↑  Elter, John R.; Champagne, Catherine M.E.; Beck, James D.; Offenbacher, Steven (2004). "Relationship of Periodontal Disease and Tooth Loss to Prevalence of Coronary Heart Disease". Journal of Periodontology. 75 (6). ss. 782-790. doi:10.1902/jop.2004.75.6.782. PMID 15295942. 10 Ocak 2020 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 19 Ocak 2017.
↑  Humphrey, Linda L.; Fu, Rongwei; Buckley, David I.; Freeman, Michele; Helfand, Mark (2008). "Periodontal Disease and Coronary Heart Disease Incidence: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis". Journal of General Internal Medicine. 23 (12). ss. 2079-2086. doi:10.1007/s11606-008-0787-6. PMC 2596495 $2. PMID 18807098. 13 Eylül 2019 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 19 Ocak 2017.
↑  Noble JM, Borrell LN, Papapanou PN, Elkind MS, Scarmeas N, Wright CB (2009). "Periodontitis is associated with cognitive impairment among older adults: analysis of NHANES-III". J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 80 (11). ss. 1206-11. doi:10.1136/jnnp.2009.174029. PMC 3073380 $2. PMID 19419981.
↑  Kaye, Elizabeth Krall; Valencia, Aileen; Baba, Nivine; Spiro III, Avron; Dietrich, Thomas; Garcia, Raul I. (2010). "Tooth Loss and Periodontal Disease Predict Poor Cognitive Function in Older Men". Journal of the American Geriatrics Society. 58 (4). ss. 713-718. doi:10.1111/j.1532-5415.2010.02788.x. PMID 20398152.
↑  Zadik Y, Bechor R, Galor S, Levin L (Mayıs 2010). "Periodontal disease might be associated even with impaired fasting glucose". Br Dent J. 208 (10). ss. e20. doi:10.1038/sj.bdj.2010.291. PMID 20339371. 29 Mart 2016 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 19 Ocak 2017.
↑  Soskolne WA, Klinger A (Aralık 2001). "The relationship between periodontal diseases and diabetes: an overview". Ann Periodontol. 6 (1). ss. 91-8. doi:10.1902/annals.2001.6.1.91. PMID 11887477.
↑  Zadik Y, Bechor R, Galor S, Justo D, Heruti RJ (Nisan 2009). "Erectile dysfunction might be associated with chronic periodontal disease: two ends of the cardiovascular spectrum". J Sex Med. 6 (4). ss. 1111-6. doi:10.1111/j.1743-6109.2008.01141.x. PMID 19170861.
↑  Lalla, Evanthia; Cheng, Bin; Lal, Shantanu; Kaplan, Selma; Softness, Barney; Greenberg, Ellen; Goland, Robin S.; Lamster, Ira B. (2007). "Diabetes mellitus promotes periodontal destruction in children". Journal of Clinical Periodontology. 34 (4). ss. 294-8. doi:10.1111/j.1600-051X.2007.01054.x. PMID 17378885.
↑  "Arşivlenmiş kopya". 16 Nisan 2016 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 19 Ocak 2017.
↑  Obeid, Patrick; Bercy, P. (2000). "Effects of smoking on periodontal health: A review". Advances in Therapy. 17 (5). ss. 230-7. doi:10.1007/BF02853162. PMID 11186143. 13 Eylül 2019 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 19 Ocak 2017.
↑  Tomar, Scott L.; Asma, Samira (2000). "Smoking-Attributable Periodontitis in the United States: Findings From NHANES III". Journal of Periodontology. 71 (5). ss. 743-751. doi:10.1902/jop.2000.71.5.743. PMID 10872955. 13 Mart 2020 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 19 Ocak 2017.
↑  Ryder, Mark I. (2007). "The influence of smoking on host responses in periodontal infections". Periodontology 2000. 43 (1). ss. 267-277. doi:10.1111/j.1600-0757.2006.00163.x. PMID 17214844.
↑  Pauletto, Nathalie C.; Liede, Kirsti; Nieminen, Anja; Larjava, Hannu; Uitto, Veli-Jukka (2000). "Effect of Cigarette Smoking on Oral Elastase Activity in Adult Periodontitis Patients". Journal of Periodontology. 71 (1). ss. 58-62. doi:10.1902/jop.2000.71.1.58. PMID 10695939. 10 Ocak 2020 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 19 Ocak 2017.
↑  Persson, Lena; Bergström, Jan; Gustafsson, Anders (2003). "Effect of Tobacco Smoking on Neutrophil Activity Following Periodontal Surgery". Journal of Periodontology. 74 (10). ss. 1475-82. doi:10.1902/jop.2003.74.10.1475. PMID 14653394. 10 Ocak 2020 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 19 Ocak 2017.
↑  Bergström, Jan; Boström, Lennart (2001). "Tobacco smoking and periodontal hemorrhagic responsiveness". Journal of Clinical Periodontology. 28 (7). ss. 680-5. doi:10.1034/j.1600-051x.2001.028007680.x. PMID 11422590.
↑  Peruzzo, Daiane C.; Benatti, Bruno B.; Ambrosano, Glaucia M.B.; Nogueira-Filho, Getúlio R.; Sallum, Enilson A.; Casati, Márcio Z.; Nociti Jr., Francisco H. (2007). "A Systematic Review of Stress and Psychological Factors as Possible Risk Factors for Periodontal Disease". Journal of Periodontology. 78 (8). ss. 1491-1504. doi:10.1902/jop.2007.060371. PMID 17668968. 10 Ocak 2020 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 19 Ocak 2017.
1 2  Watt RG, Listl S, Peres MA, Heilmann A, editors.
↑  Listgarten MA, Hellden L. Relative distribution of bacteria at clinically healthy and periodontally diseased sites in human" J Clin Periodontol 1978;5:115-132.
↑  Offenbacher, S. (1996).
↑  Page R, Schroeder HE.
↑  Socransky SS, Haffajee AD, Cugini MA, Smith C, Kent RL Jr. Microbial complexes in subgingival plaque" J Clin Periodontol 1998;25:134-144.
↑  Bonner M. To Kiss or Not to Kiss.
↑  Michaud, Dominique S.; Liu, Yan; Meyer, Mara; Giovannucci, Edward; Joshipura, Kaumudi (2008). "Periodontal disease, tooth loss, and cancer risk in male health professionals: a prospective cohort study". Lancet Oncol. 9 (6). ss. 550-8. doi:10.1016/S1470-2045(08)70106-2. PMC 2601530 $2. PMID 18462995.
↑  "First Evidence Found Of Link Between Gum Disease And High Alcohol Consumption, Low Dietary Antioxidants". 29 Haziran 2016 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 19 Ocak 2017.
↑  Stambaugh RV, Dragoo M, Smith DM, Carasali L (1981). "The limits of subgingival scaling". Int J Periodontics Restorative Dent. 1 (5). ss. 30-41. PMID 7047434.
↑  Waerhaug J (Ocak 1978). "Healing of the dento-epithelial junction following subgingival plaque control. I. As observed in human biopsy material". J Periodontol. 49 (1). ss. 1-8. doi:10.1902/jop.1978.49.1.1. PMID 340634.
↑  Waerhaug J (Mart 1978). "Healing of the dento-epithelial junction following subgingival plaque control. II: As observed on extracted teeth". J Periodontol. 49 (3). ss. 119-34. doi:10.1902/jop.1978.49.3.119. PMID 288899.
↑  Kaldahl WB, Kalkwarf KL, Patil KD, Molvar MP, Dyer JK (Şubat 1996). "Long-term evaluation of periodontal therapy: II. Incidence of sites breaking down". J. Periodontol. 67 (2). ss. 103-8. doi:10.1902/jop.1996.67.2.103. PMID 8667129.
↑  Hirschfeld L, Wasserman B (Mayıs 1978). "A long-term survey of tooth loss in 600 treated periodontal patients". J. Periodontol. 49 (5). ss. 225-37. doi:10.1902/jop.1978.49.5.225. PMID 277674.
↑  Caton J, Ryan ME (2011). "Clinical studies on the management of periodontal diseases utilizing subantimicrobial dose doxycycline (SDD)". Pharmacol. Res. 63 (2). ss. 114-20. doi:10.1016/j.phrs.2010.12.003.
↑  Preus HR, Anerud A, Boysen H, Dunford RG, Zambon JJ, Loe H (1995). "The natural history of periodontal disease. The correlation of selected microbiological parameters with disease severity in Sri Lankan tea workers". J Clin Periodontol. 22 (9). ss. 674-8. doi:10.1111/j.1600-051X.1995.tb00825.x. PMID 7593696.
↑  Ekanayaka, Asoka (1984). "Tooth mortality in plantation workers and residents in Sri Lanka". Community Dent Oral Epidemiol. 12 (2). ss. 128-35. doi:10.1111/j.1600-0528.1984.tb01425.x. PMID 6584263.
↑
↑  Vos, T; Flaxman, Abraham D; Naghavi, Mohsen; Lozano, Rafael; Michaud, Catherine; Ezzati, Majid; Shibuya, Kenji; Salomon, Joshua A; Abdalla, Safa; Aboyans, Victor; Abraham, Jerry; Ackerman, Ilana; Aggarwal, Rakesh; Ahn, Stephanie Y; Ali, Mohammed K; Almazroa, Mohammad A; Alvarado, Miriam; Anderson, H Ross; Anderson, Laurie M; Andrews, Kathryn G; Atkinson, Charles; Baddour, Larry M; Bahalim, Adil N; Barker-Collo, Suzanne; Barrero, Lope H; Bartels, David H; Basáñez, Maria-Gloria; Baxter, Amanda; Bell, Michelle L; Benjamin, Emelia J (15 Aralık 2012). "Years lived with disability (YLDs) for 1160 sequelae of 289 diseases and injuries 1990-2010: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010". Lancet. 380 (9859). ss. 2163-96. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(12)61729-2. PMID 23245607.
↑  Zadik Y, Bechor R, Shochat Z, Galor S; Bechor; Shochat; Galor (Nisan 2008). "Ethnic origin and alveolar bone loss in Israeli adults". Refuat Hapeh Vehashinayim (İbranice). 25 (2). ss. 19-22, 72. PMID 18780541. KB1 bakım: Birden fazla ad: yazar listesi (link)
↑  Harper, Douglas. "periodontitis". Online Etymology Dictionary. Arşivlenmesi gereken bağlantıya sahip kaynak şablonu içeren maddeler (link)
↑  "pyorrhea". Merriam-Webster Online. 3 Temmuz 2017 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 19 Ocak 2017.
↑  Listl, S.; Galloway, J.; Mossey, P. A.; Marcenes, W. (28 Ağustos 2015). "Global Economic Impact of Dental Diseases". Journal of Dental Research. Cilt 94. ss. 1355-1361. doi:10.1177/0022034515602879.
↑  Dewhirst FE, Klein EA, Thompson EC, Blanton JM, Chen T, Milella L, et al. (2012) The Canine Oral Microbiome.
↑  Muller-Esnault, Susan, DVM.
1: Toplam ataşman kaybı (klinik ataşman kaybı, KAK), 2: Diş eti ve 3: Sondalama derinliğinin toplamıdır.
Bu film görüntüler iki alt çene dişini, alt sol birinci küçük azı ve köpek dişini göstermektedir, %30-50 civarında şiddetli kemik kaybı görülmektedir. Küçük azıyı çevreleyen periodontal ligamentin genişlemesi oklüzal travmaya ikincil olarak meydana gelmiştir.
Restore edilmiş dişlerin doğal hatlarını aşan bu gibi fazla dolgu malzemesi "çıkıntı" yapmıştır ve mikrobiyal plağın burada birikmesine ve potansiyel olarak lokalize periodontitis oluşmasına neden olurlar.
Panoramik röntgen filminden alınmış bir bölüm alt çenede sol bölgede %30-80 oranında generalize şiddetli kemik kaybını göstermektedir.
Periodontal hastalık için 100.000.




  no data
  <3.5
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  5.5-6


  6-6.5
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  >8.5