Budizm kavramları
P

| Definition | Etymology | In other languages |
| --- | --- | --- |
| panca skandha The five constituent elements into which an individual is analyzed. They are: "form": Pāli, Sanskrit: rūpa; Bu: ရူပ, yupa; 色 Cn: sè; Jp: shiki  "sensation": Pāli, Sanskrit: vedanā; Bu: ဝေဒန, wedana; 受 Cn: shòu; Jp: ju  "cognition": Pāli: saññā; Sanskrit: saṃjñā; Bu: သညာ, thinnya; 想 Cn: xiàng; Jp: sō  "mental formations": Pāli: saṅkhāra; Sanskrit: saṃskāra; Bu: သင်္ခါရ, thinkhaya; 行 Cn: xíng; Jp: gyō  "consciousness": Pāli: viññāṇa; Sanskrit: vijñāna; Bu: ဝိညာဉ်, winyin; 識 Cn: shí; Jp: shiki |  Sanskrit: pañca skandha  Pāli: pañca khandha |  Bur: ခန္ဒာငါးပါး, khanda nga ba (kʰàɴdà ŋá bá)  Şan: ႁႃႈ ၶၼ်ႇထႃႇ, ([haː˧ kʰan˨ tʰaː˨]}})  五蘊, 五陰, 五薀 Cn: wǔyùn  Jp: go-on, sometimes go-un  Vi: ngũ uẩn |
| Panchen Lama The second highest ranking lama in the Gelugpa sect of Tibetçe Buddhism. after the Dalai Lama |  Tibetçe: པན་ཆེན་བླ་མ་ pan-chen bla-ma |  Sanskrit: paṇḍitaguru  Mn: Банчин Богд, Banchin Bogd  班禪喇嘛 Cn: Bānchán Lǎma  Jp: ??  Vi: Ban-thiền Lạt-ma |
| paññā, see prajna |  Sanskrit:   |  Bur: ပညာ, pyinnya (pjɪ̀ɴɲà)  Mon: ပညာ (pɔnɲa)  Şan: ပိင်ႇၺႃႇ (piŋ˨ ɲaː˨)  Tibetçe: shes rab  Mn: билиг, bilig  智慧 or 知恵 or 般若 Cn: Zhìhuì, zhīhuì, bōrě  Jp: chie,hannya  Vi:   |
| paramartha Absolute, as opposed to merely conventional, truth or reality; see also samvrti |  Sanskrit: paramārtha |  Bur: ပရမတ်, paramat (pəɹəmaʔ)  Tayca: ปรมัตถ์ paramutt |
| paramita, lit. "reaching the other shore," usually rendered in English as "perfection." The Mahayana practices for obtaining enlightenment; giving, ethics, patience, effort, concentration and wisdom |  Pāli: pāramī  Sanskrit: pāramitā |  Bur: ပါရမီ, parami (pàɹəmì)  Mon: ပါရမဳ (parəmɔe)  Tayca: บารมี baramee  Mn: барамид, baramid  波羅蜜 or 波羅蜜多 Cn: bōluómì or bōluómìduō  Jp: haramitsu or haramita  Vi: ba-la-mật or ba-la-mật-đa |
| parinibbana/parinirvana The final nibbana/nirvana |  from nibbana/nirvana above  Pāli: parinibbāna  Sanskrit: parinirvāṇa |  Bur: ပရိနိဗ္ဗာန်, pareineibban (pəɹeiʔneiʔbàɴ)  Tayca: ปรินิพพาน pari-nippaan  般涅槃 Cn: bōnièpán  Jp: hatsunehan  Vi: bát-niết-bàn |
| Perfection of Wisdom |  from pāramitā ("perfection") above and prajñā/paññā ("wisdom") below  Sanskrit: prajñāpāramitā  Pāli: paññāparami |  Bur: ပညာပါရမီ, pyinnya parami (pjɪ̀ɴɲà pàɹəmì)  Mon: ပညာပါရမဳ (pɔnɲa parəmɔe)  Mn: билиг барамид, bilig baramid  般若波羅蜜 or 般若波羅蜜多 Cn: bōrě-bōluómì or bōrě-bōluómìduō  Jp: hannya-haramitsu or hannya-haramita  Vi: bát-nhã-ba-la-mật or bát-nhã-ba-la-mật-đa |
| Pointing-out instruction The direct introduction to the nature of mind in the lineages of Essence Mahamudra and Dzogchen. A root guru is the master who gives the 'pointing-out instruction' so that the disciple recognizes the nature of mind |  Tibetçe: ངོ་སྤྲོད་ ngo-sprod |  |
| prajna/paññā "wisdom", "insight" |  Pāli: paññā  Sanskrit: prajñā |  Bur: ပညာ, pyinnya (pjɪ̀ɴɲà)  Tayca: ปัญญา pun-ya  Mn: хөтлөх, khötlökh  般若 Cn: bōrě or bānruò  Jp: hannya  Vi: bát-nhã |
| pratitya-samutpada "Dependent origination," the view that no phenomenon exists (or comes about) without depending on other phenomena or conditions around it. In English also called "conditioned genesis," "dependent co-arising," "interdependent arising," etc. A famous application of dependent origination is the Twelve Nidana, or 12 inter-dependences (Sanskrit: dvādaśāṅgapratītyasamutpāda; 十二因緣, 十二因縁 Cn: shíàr yīnyuán; Jp: jūni innen; Vi: thập nhị nhân duyên), which are: Ignorance (Pāli: avijjā; Sanskrit: avidyā; 無明 Cn: wúmíng; Jp: mumyō; Vi: vô minh; Mn: мунхрахуй, munhrahui)  Ignorance creates Mental Formation (Pāli: saṅkhāra; Sanskrit: saṃskāra; 行 Cn: xíng; Jp: gyō; Vi: hành; Mn: хуран үйлдэхүй, khuran uildehui)  Mental Formation creates Consciousness (Pāli: viññāṇa; Sanskrit: vijñāna; 識 Cn: shí; Jp: shiki; Vi: thức; Mn: тийн мэдэхүй, tiin medehui)  Consciousness creates Name & Form (Pāli, Sanskrit: nāmarūpa; 名色 Cn: míngsè; Jp: myōshiki; Vi: danh sắc; Mn: нэр өнгө, ner öngö)  Name & Form create Sense Gates (Pāli: saḷāyatana; Sanskrit: ṣaḍāyatana; 六入 or 六処 Cn: liùrù; Jp: rokunyū or rokusho; Vi: lục căn; Mn: төрөн түгэхүй, törön tugehui)  Sense Gates create Contact (Pāli: phassa; Sanskrit: sparśa; 觸, 触 Cn: chù; Jp: soku; Vi: xúc; Mn: хүрэлцэхүй, khureltsehui)  Contact creates Feeling (Pāli, Sanskrit: vedanā; 受 Cn: shòu; Jp: ju; Vi: thụ; Mn: сэрэхүй, serehui)  Feeling creates Craving (Pāli: taṇhā; Sanskrit: tṛṣṇā; 愛 Cn: ài; Jp: ai; Vi: ái; Mn: хурьцахуй, khuritsahui)  Craving creates Clinging (Pāli, Sanskrit: upādāna; 取 Cn: qǔ; Jp: shu; Vi: thủ; Mn: авахуй, avahui)  Clinging creates Becoming (Pāli, Sanskrit: bhava; 有 Cn: yǒu; Jp: u; Vi: hữu; Mn: сансар, sansar)  Becoming creates Birth (Pāli, Sanskrit: jāti; 生 Cn: shēng; Jp: shō; Vi: sinh; Mn: төрөхүй, töröhui)  Birth leads to Aging & Death (Pāli, Sanskrit: jarāmaraṇa; 老死 Cn: láosǐ; Jp: rōshi; Vi: lão tử; Mn: өтлөх үхэхүй, ötlöh uhehui) |  Pāli: paṭicca-samuppāda  Sanskrit: pratitya-samutpāda |  Bur: ပဋိစ္စသမုပ္ပါဒ်, padeissa thamopad (pədeiʔsa̰ θəmouʔpaʔ)  Tib: རྟེན་ཅིང་འབྲེལ་བར་འབྱུང་བ་, rten cing 'brel bar 'byung ba  Mn: шүтэн барилдлага, shuten barildlaga  緣起 (thought to be an abbreviation for 因緣生起), 縁起 Cn: yuánqǐ  Jp: engi  Vi: duyên khởi  Also called 因緣, 因縁 Cn: yīnyuán  Jp: innen  Vi: nhân duyên |
| Pratyekabuddha/Paccekabuddha, lit. "a buddha by his own", A buddha who reaches enlightenment on his own |  Pāli: paccekabuddha  Sanskrit: pratyekabuddha |  Bur: ပစ္စေကဗုဒ္ဓါ, pyiseka boddha (pjɪʔsèka̰ bouʔdà)  辟支佛 Cn: Bìzhī Fó  Jp: Hyakushibutsu  Vi: Bích-chi Phật |
| Pure Land Buddhism A large branch of Mahayana, dominantly in East Asia. The goal of Pure Land Buddhism is to be reborn in the Western sukhavati of Amitabha, either as a real place or within the mind, through the other-power of repeating the Buddha's name, nianfo or nembutsu. |  |  净土宗(Ch), 浄土教(Jp) Cn: Jìngtǔ-zōng  Jp: Jōdo-kyo  Ko: Jeongtojong  Vi: Tịnh độ tông |
purisa The practicing Buddhist community as a whole; sangha and laity: