Budizm kavramları
M

| Definition | Etymology | In other languages |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Madhyamaka Buddhist philosophical school, founded by Nagarjuna. Members of this school are called Madhyamikas |  Sanskrit: mādhyamika |  Tib: དབུ་མ་པ་ dbu ma pa  Mn: төв үзэл, töv üzel  中觀宗 Cn: Zhōngguānzōng  Jp: ??  Vi: Trung quán tông |
| mahabhuta four great elements in traditional Buddhist thought |  Pāli and Sanskrit: Mahābhūta |  Bur: မဟာဘုတ်, Mahabhot (məhà bouʔ) |
| mahamudra A method of direct introduction the understanding of sunyata, of samsara and that the two are inseparable |  Sanskrit: mahāmudrā |  Bur: မဟာမုဒြာ, maha modra (məhà mouʔdɹà)  Tib: ཕྱག་རྒྱ་ཆེན་པོ་ chag-je chen-po  Mn: махамудра, mahamudra  大手印 Cn: dàshŏuyìn  Jp: daisyuin  Vi: đại thủ ấn |
| mahasiddha litt. great spiritual accomplishment. A yogi in Tantric Buddhism, often associated with the highest levels of enlightenment |  Sanskrit: mahāsiddha |  Bur: မဟာသိဒ္ဒ, maha theidda (məhà θeiʔda̰)  Tayca: มหายาน  大成就 Cn: dàchéngjiù  Jp: daijōjyu  Vi: đại thành tựu |
| Mahayana, lit. "great vehicle", A major branch of Buddhism practiced in China, Tibet, Japan, Korea, Vietnam, and Taiwan. Main goal is to achieve buddhahood or samyaksambuddha |  Sanskrit: mahāyāna |  Bur: မဟာယာန, mahayana (məhàjàna̰)  大乘 or 大乗 Cn: Dàshèng  Jp: Daijō  Vi: Đại thừa  Mn: Ikh khölgön |
| Maitreya The Buddha of the future epoch |  Pāli: Metteyya  Sanskrit: Maitreya |  Bur: အရိမေတ္တေယျ, arimetteya (əɹḭmèdja̰)  Şan: ဢရီႉမိတ်ႈတေႇယႃႉ, ([ʔa˩ ri˥ mit˧ ta˨ jɔ˥]}})  Tib: བྱམས་པ, byams pa  Mn: Майдар, maidar  彌勒 or 彌勒佛, 弥勒 or 弥勒仏 Cn: Mílè or Mílè Fó  Jp: Miroku or Miroku-butsu  Vi: Di-lặc or Phật Di-lặc |
| makyo In Zen, unpleasant or distracting thoughts or illusions that occur during zazen |  Japonca: 魔境 makyō |  |
| Māna conceit, arrogance, misconception |  Pāli and Sanskrit: Māna |  Bur: မာန, mana (màna̰)  Mon: မာန်, man ([màn])  Şan: မႃႇၼႃႉ, ([maː˨ naː˥]}}) |
| mantra Chant used primarily to aid concentration, to reach enlightenment. The best-known Buddhist mantra is possibly Om mani padme hum |  Sanskrit: mantra |  Tayca: มนตร์ moan  Mn: маань, тарни; maani, tarni  咒 Cn: zou  Jp: shingon  Vi: chân âm |
| Mappo The "degenerate" Latter Day of the Law. A time period supposed to begin 2,000 years after Sakyamuni Buddha's passing and last for "10,000 years"; follows the two 1,000-year periods of Former Day of the Law (正法 Cn: zhèngfǎ; Jp: shōbō) and of Middle Day of the Law (像法 Cn: xiàngfǎ; Jp: zōhō). During this degenerate age, chaos will prevail and the people will be unable to attain enlightenment through the word of Sakyamuni Buddha. See the Three periods |  Japonca: 末法 mappō |  末法 Cn: mòfǎ  Vi: ?? |
| merit |  Pāli: puñña  Sanskrit: puṇya |  Bur: ကုသိုလ်, kutho (kṵðò)  Mon: ကုသဵု (kaoʔsɒ) or ပိုန်, ([pɒn]}})  Şan: ပုင်ႇၺႃႇ (puŋ˨ ɲaː˨) or ၵူႉသူဝ်ႇ, ([ku˥ sʰo˨]}}) or ၵူႉသလႃႉ, ([ku˥ sʰa˩ laː˥]}}) |
| metta loving kindness |  Pāli:    Sanskrit:   |  Bur: မေတ္တာ, myitta (mjɪʔtà)  Mon: မေတ္တာ, ([mètta]}})  Şan: မိတ်ႈတႃႇ, ([mit˧ taː˨]}}) or မႅတ်ႈတႃႇ, ([mɛt˧ taː˨]}})  Tayca: เมตตา metta  慈 Ch: Cí  Jp: ji  Vi:   |
| Middle way The practice of avoidance of extreme views and lifestyle choices |  Pāli: majjhimāpaṭipadā  Sanskrit: madhyamāpratipad |  Bur: မဇ္ဇိမပဋိပဒါ, myizima badi bada (mjɪʔzḭma̰ bədḭ bədà)  中道 Ch: zhōngdào  Jp: chūdō  Vi: trung đạo  Mn: дундаж зам мөр, dundaj zam mör |
| (right) mindfulness The practice whereby a person is intentionally aware of his or her thoughts and actions in the present moment, non-judgmentally. The 7th step of the Noble Eightfold Path |  |  Pāli: (sammā)-sati  Sanskrit: (samyag)-smṛti  Bur: သတိ, thadi (ðadḭ)  Tayca: สัมมาสติ samma-sati  正念 Cn: zhèngniàn  Jp: syōnen  Vi: chính niệm |
| moksha Liberation |  Sanskrit: mokṣa |  Pāli: vimutti  Bur: ဝိမုတ္တိ, wimouti (wḭmouʔtḭ)  解脱 Cn: jiětuō  Jp: gedatsu  Vi: giải thoát |
| mokugyo A wooden drum carved from one piece, usually in the form of a fish |  Japonca: 木魚 mokugyo |  木魚 Cn: mùyú  Vi: mõ |
| mondo In Zen, a short dialogue between teacher and student |  Japonca: 問答　mondō |  問答 Cn: wèndǎ  Vi: ?? |
| mudra lit. "seal", A gesture made with hands and fingers in meditation |  Sanskrit: mudrā |  Bur: မုဒြာ, modra (mouʔdɹà)  Tib: ཕྱག་རྒྱ་ phyag rgya  Mn: чагжаа, chagjaa  手印 Cn: sohyìn (commonly only yìn)  Jp: syuin  Vi: ấn |