Yahudi tarihi
Dipnotlar

↑  Finkelstein, Israel, and Silberman, Neil Asher, The Bible Unearthed: Archaeology's New Vision of Ancient Israel and the Origin of Its Sacred Texts, Simon & Schuster, 2002, pp. 241–242.
↑  Quote from the BBC documentary (prof. Herbert Niehr): "Between the 10th century and the beginning of their exile in 586 there was polytheism as normal religion all throughout Israel; only afterwards things begin to change and very slowly they begin to change. I would say it [the sentence "Jews were monotheists" - n.n.] is only correct for the last centuries, maybe only from the period of the Maccabees, that means the second century BC, so in the time of Jesus of Nazareth it is true, but for the time before it, it is not true."
↑  "BBC Two - Bible's Buried Secrets, Did God Have a Wife?". BBC. 21 Aralık 2011. 18 Mart 2011 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 4 Temmuz 2012.
↑  Wesler, Kit W. (2012). An Archaeology of Religion. University Press of America. s. 193. ISBN 978-0761858454. 10 Ocak 2022 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 3 Eylül 2014.
↑  Mills, Watson, (Ed.) (31 Aralık 1999). Mercer Dictionary of the Bible (Reprint bas.). Mercer University Press. s. 494. ISBN 978-0865543737. 10 Ocak 2022 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 10 Ocak 2022.
1 2  Dever, William G. (2002). What Did the Biblical Writers Know and When Did They Know It?. Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing Company. ISBN 978-0-8028-2126-3.  p. 99
↑  Finkelstein, Israel and Nadav Naaman, eds. (1994). From Nomadism to Monarchy: Archaeological and Historical Aspects of Early Israel. Israel Exploration Society. ISBN 978-1-880317-20-4. KB1 bakım: Fazladan yazı: yazar listesi (link)
↑  Compare: Ian Shaw; Robert Jameson (2002).  Ian Shaw (Ed.). A Dictionary of Archaeology (New bas.). Wiley Blackwell. s. 313. ISBN 978-0-631-23583-5. 16 Kasım 2021 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 4 Ocak 2022. The Biblical account of the origins of the people of Israel (principally recounted in Numbers, Joshua and Judges) often conflicts with non-Biblical textual sources and with the archaeological evidence for the settlement of Canaan in the late Bronze Age and early Iron Age. [...] Israel is first textually attested as a political entity in Egyptian texts of the late 13th century BCE and the Egyptologist Donald Redford argues that the Israelites must have been emerging as a distinct group within the Canaanite culture during the century or so prior to this. It has been suggested that the early Israelites were an oppressed rural group of Canaanites who rebelled against the more urbanized coastal Canaanites (Gottwald 1979). Alternatively, it has been argued that the Israelites were survivors of the decline in the fortunes of Canaan who established themselves in the highlands at the end of the late Bronze Age (Ahlstrom 1986: 27). Redford, however, makes a good case for equating the very earliest Israelites with a semi-nomadic people in the highlands of central Palestine whom the Egyptians called Shasu (Redford 1992:2689–80; although see Stager 1985 for strong arguments against the identification with the Shasu). These Shasu were a persistent thorn in the side of the Ramessid pharaohs' empire in Syria-Palestine, well-attested in Egytian texts, but their pastoral lifestyle has left scant traces in the archaeological record. By the end of the 13th century BCE, however, the Shasu/Israelites were beginning to establish small settlements in the uplands, the architecture of which closely resembles contemporary Canaanite villages.
↑  Killebrew, Ann E. (2005). Biblical Peoples and Ethnicity: An Archeological Study of Egyptians, Canaanites, Philistines, and Early Israel, 1300–1100 B.C.E. Atlanta: Society of Biblical Literature. s. 176. ISBN 978-1-58983-097-4. 26 Temmuz 2020 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 12 Ağustos 2012. Much has been made of the scarcity of pig bones at highland sites. Since small quantities of pig bones do appear in Late Bronze Age assemblages, some archaeologists have interpreted this to indicate that the ethnic identity of the highland inhabitants was distinct from Late Bronze Age indigenous peoples (see Finkelstein 1997, 227–230). Brian Hesse and Paula Wapnish (1997) advise caution, however, since the lack of pig bones at Iron I highland settlements could be a result of other factors that have little to do with ethnicity.
↑  Wendy Mayer and Pauline Allen, John Chrysostom: The Early Church Fathers (London, 2000), p. 113, 146.
↑  Cod., I., v. 12
↑  Procopius, Historia Arcana, 28
↑  Nov., cxlvi., Feb. 8, 553
↑  Procopius, De Aedificiis, vi. 2
↑  G. Ostrogorsky, History of the Byzantine State
↑  The Oxford History of Byzantium, C. Mango (Ed) (2002)
↑  Maurice Roumani, The Case of the Jews from Arab Countries: A Neglected Issue, 1977, pp. 26-27.
↑  Granada 24 Aralık 2010 tarihinde Wayback Machine sitesinde arşivlendi. by Richard Gottheil, Meyer Kayserling, Jewish Encyclopedia. 1906 ed.
↑  "The Treatment of Jews in Arab/Islamic Countries". 14 Mayıs 2008 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 13 Temmuz 2009.
↑  "The Forgotten Refugees". 28 Eylül 2007 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 13 Temmuz 2009.
↑  "Sephardim". 6 Ocak 2010 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 13 Temmuz 2009.
↑  Kraemer, Joel L., Moses Maimonides: An Intellectual Portrait in The Cambridge Companion to Maimonides pp. 16-17 (2005)
↑  Norman F. Cantor, The Last Knight: The Twilight of the Middle Ages and the Birth of the Modern Era, Free Press, 2004. ISBN 0-7432-2688-7, p. 28-29
↑  Carroll, James. Constantine's Sword (Houghton Mifflin, 2001) ISBN 0-395-77927-8 p.26
↑  G.E. Von Grunebaum, "Eastern Jewry Under Islam," 1971, page 369.
1 2 3  Morris, Benny. Righteous Victims: A History of the Zionist-Arab Conflict, 1881-2001. Vintage Books, 2001
1 2  Gilbert, Martin. Dearest Auntie Fori. The Story of the Jewish People. Harper Collins, 2002, pp. 179-182.
↑  Mark Cohen (2002), p.208
İsrail Diyarı'nın kabileler arasında bölünüşünü gösteren 1759 tarihli harita.
Süleyman Mabedi'nin Kutsal Kitaplardaki tasvirlere dayanılarak hazırlanan çizimi.
Yuhanna Hirkanus (MÖ 134 – MÖ 104) adına basılan sikkeler.
Roma'daki Titus Takı'nın iç duvarında resmedilen İkinci Tapınak'ın yağmalanması.
I. Dünya Savaşı sırasında ABD Food Administration'un düzenlediği "Gıda Muhafaza Kampanyası" nı teşvik etmek amacıyla Yidiş ile yazılan poster, Gıda savaşı kazanacak - Buraya özgürlük uğruna geldiniz, şimdi onu korumaya yardım etmelisiniz. Buğdaya müttefiklerin ihtiyacı var - ziyan etme. (renkli litograf, Charles Edward Chambers, 1917)
Yahudi Devleti düşüncesini ortaya atan Theodor Herzl (1901).
Varşova Gettosu Ayaklanması'nın bastırılmasının ardından Yahudiler sığınakları terk ederken kolları havada bir oğlan çocuğu.