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แม่แบบ:The End of the Jihad State
Beckwith, Christopher I. (1993). The Tibetan Empire in Central Asia: A History of the Struggle for Great Power Among Tibetans, Turks, Arabs, and Chinese During the Early Middle Ages. Princeton University Press. ISBN 978-0-691-02469-1.
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แม่แบบ:The Arab Conquests in Central Asia
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Gibb, H. A. R. (1960). "ʿAbd al-Malik b. Marwān".  ใน Gibb, H. A. R.; Kramers, J. H.; Lévi-Provençal, E.; Schacht, J.; Lewis, B. & Pellat, Ch. (บ.ก.). The Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition. Volume I: A–B. Leiden: E. J. Brill. pp. 76–77. OCLC 495469456.
Gilbert, Victoria J. (May 2013). Syria for the Syrians: the rise of Syrian nationalism, 1970-2013 (PDF) (MA). Northeastern University. doi:10.17760/d20004883. สืบค้นเมื่อ 7 May 2022.
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Hillenbrand, Robert (1994). Islamic Architecture: Form, Function and Meaning. New York: Columbia University Press. ISBN 0-231-10132-5.
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แม่แบบ:Kennedy-The Armies of the Caliphs
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Kennedy, Hugh (2007a). "1. The Foundations of Conquest". The Great Arab Conquests: How the Spread of Islam Changed the World We Live In. Hachette, UK. ISBN 978-0-306-81728-1.
แม่แบบ:The Prophet and the Age of the Caliphates
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Morony, Michael G., บ.ก. (1987). The History of al-Ṭabarī, Volume XVIII: Between Civil Wars: The Caliphate of Muʿāwiyah, 661–680 A.D./A.H. 40–60. SUNY Series in Near Eastern Studies. Albany, New York: State University of New York Press. ISBN 978-0-87395-933-9.
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Powers, Stephan, บ.ก. (1989). The History of al-Ṭabarī, Volume XXIV: The Empire in Transition: The Caliphates of Sulaymān, ʿUmar, and Yazīd, A.D. 715–724/A.H. 96–105. SUNY Series in Near Eastern Studies. Albany, New York: State University of New York Press. ISBN 978-0-7914-0072-2.
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Sanchez, Fernando Lopez (2015). "The Mining, Minting, and Acquisition of Gold in the Roman and Post-Roman World".  ใน Paul Erdkamp; Koenraad Verboven; Arjan Zuiderhoek (บ.ก.). Ownership and Exploitation of Land and Natural Resources in the Roman World. Oxford University Press. ISBN 9780191795831.
Sprengling, Martin (April 1939). "From Persian to Arabic". The American Journal of Semitic Languages and Literatures. The University of Chicago Press. 56 (2): 175–224. doi:10.1086/370538. JSTOR 528934. S2CID 170486943.
แม่แบบ:The Arab Emirates in Bagratid Armenia
แม่แบบ:A History of the Byzantine State and Society
Wellhausen, Julius (1927). The Arab Kingdom and its Fall. แปลโดย Margaret Graham Weir. Calcutta: University of Calcutta. OCLC 752790641.