การปรับตัว (นิเวศวิทยา)
เชิงอรรถและอ้างอิง

↑  "พบคำศัพท์ Adaptive behavior ทั้งหมด 1 รายการ". สำนักงานพัฒนาวิทยาศาสตร์และเทคโนโลยีแห่งชาติ. สืบค้นเมื่อ 2015-04-07.[ลิงก์เสีย]
↑  Starr; Taggart (2004). "Ecology and Behavior". Biology: The Unity and Diversity of Life (10 ed.). Thompson publishers. ISBN 0-534-39746-8.
1 2 3  Buss, DM; Greiling, H (1999). "Adaptive individual differences" (PDF). Journal of Personality. 67: 209–243. คลังข้อมูลเก่าเก็บจากแหล่งเดิม (PDF)เมื่อ 2016-03-04. สืบค้นเมื่อ 2015-07-07. Adaptations are evolved solutions to recurrent adaptive problems of survival and reproduction.{{cite journal}}:  CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (ลิงก์)
1 2  Kohn, D (1976). "Two concepts of adaption: Darwin's and psychology's". Journal of History of the Behavioral Sciences. 12: 367–375.
1 2 3 4 5 6  Staddon, J. E. R (1983). Adaptive Behavior and Learning. Cambridge University Press.
1 2  Eberhard, M.J.W. (1975). "The evolution of social behavior by kin selection". The Quarterly Review of Biology. 50: 1–33.
↑  Smith, J.M (1964). "Group selection and kin selection". Nature. 201: 1145–1147.
1 2  Morin, P.A.; Moore, J.J.; Chakraborty, R.; Jin, L.; Goodall, J; Woodruff, D.S (1994). "Kin selection, social structure, gene flow, and the evolution of chimpanzees". Science. 265 (5176): 1193–1201. PMID 7915048.{{cite journal}}:  CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (ลิงก์)
↑  Parr, L.A.; de Waal, F.B.M (1999-06-17). "Visual kin recognition in chimpanzees". Nature. 399: 647–648. doi:10.1038/21345.{{cite journal}}:  CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (ลิงก์)
↑  Bertram, B.C.R (1976). Growing Points in Ethology. Cambridge University Press.
↑  Peters, J.M.; Queller, D.C.; Imperatriz-Fonseca, V.L.; Roubik, D.W.; Strassmann, J.E (1999). "Mate number, kin selection and social conflicts in stingless bees and honeybees". Proceedings of the Royal Society B. 266: 379–384.{{cite journal}}:  CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (ลิงก์)
↑  Queller, D.C.; Strassmann, J.E (1998). "Kin selection and social insects". Bioscience. 48: 165–175.{{cite journal}}:  CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (ลิงก์)
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↑  Gese, E.M (2001). "Territorial defense by coyotes (Canis latrans) in Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming: who, how, where, when, and why". Canadian Journal of Zoology. 79: 980–987.
↑  De Kort, S.R.; Eldermire, E.L.B.; Cramer, E.R.A.; Vehrencamp, S.L (2009). "The deterrent effect of birdsong in territory defense". Behavioral Ecology. 20: 200–206.{{cite journal}}:  CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (ลิงก์)
↑  Yasukawa, K (1981). "Song and territory defense in the red-winged blackbird". The Auk. 98: 185–187.
↑  Rosell, F.; Nolet, B.A (1997). "Factors affecting scent-marking behavior in Eurasian beaver (Castor fiber)" (PDF). Journal of Chemical Ecology. 3: 673–689.{{cite journal}}:  CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (ลิงก์)
↑  Lande, R; Arnold, S.J (1983). "The measurement of selection on correlated characters". Evolution. 37: 1210–26.{{cite journal}}:  CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (ลิงก์)
↑  Haldane, J.B.S (1953). "The measurement of natural selection". Genetics. 1: 480–487.
↑  Sherman;  และคณะ (1997). "Recognition Systems".  ใน Krebs, J. R.; Davies, N. B (บ.ก.). Behavioural Ecology.{{cite book}}:  CS1 maint: multiple names: editors list (ลิงก์)
1 2  Andersson, M (1995). Sexual Selection. Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press.
1 2  Barlow, G.W (2005). "How do we decide that a species is sex-role reversed?". The Quarterly Review of Biology. 80: 28–35.
1 2 3 4  Kazutaka, O; Masanori, K; Tetsu, S (2010). "Unusual allometry for sexual size dimorphism in a cichlid where males are extremely larger than females". Journal of Biosciences. 35: 257–265.{{cite journal}}:  CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (ลิงก์)
↑  McCormick, M.I.; Ryen, C.A.; Munday, P.L.; Walker, S.P.W (2010). "Differing mechanisms underlie sexual size-dimorphism in two populations of a sex-changing fish". PLoS One. 5: e10616.{{cite journal}}:  CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (ลิงก์)
1 2 3 4  Valdovinos, FS; Ramos-Jiliberto, R; Garay-Narvaez, L; Urbani, P; Dunne, JA (2010). "Consequences of adaptive behavior for the structure and dynamic of food webs". Ecology Letters. 13: 1546–1559.{{cite journal}}:  CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (ลิงก์)
↑  Houston, A; McNamara, J.M (1999). Models of Adaptive Behavior. Cambridge University Press.{{cite book}}:  CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (ลิงก์)
แมวน้ำช้างที่ขั้วโลกเหนือจะต่อสู้เพื่อป้องกันกลุ่มสัตว์ตัวเมีย (harem) ของตนจากคู่แข่ง ให้สังเกตแผลเป็นสีชมพูที่คอของตัวผู้หัวหน้า