ชีววิทยา
รายการอ้างอิง

1 2 3 4 5 6  Urry, Lisa; Cain, Michael; Wasserman, Steven; Minorsky, Peter; Reece, Jane (2017). "Evolution, the themes of biology, and scientific inquiry". Campbell Biology (11th ed.). New York: Pearson. pp. 2–26. ISBN 978-0134093413.
1 2 3 4 5  Hillis, David M.; Heller, H. Craig; Hacker, Sally D.; Laskowski, Marta J.; Sadava, David E. (2020). "Studying life". Life: The Science of Biology (12th ed.). W. H. Freeman. ISBN 978-1319017644.
1 2 3 4 5  Freeman, Scott; Quillin, Kim; Allison, Lizabeth; Black, Michael; Podgorski, Greg; Taylor, Emily; Carmichael, Jeff (2017). "Biology and the three of life". Biological Science (6th ed.). Hoboken, N.J.: Pearson. pp. 1–18. ISBN 978-0321976499.
↑  Modell, Harold; Cliff, William; Michael, Joel; McFarland, Jenny; Wenderoth, Mary Pat; Wright, Ann (December 2015). "A physiologist's view of homeostasis". Advances in Physiology Education. 39 (4): 259–266. doi:10.1152/advan.00107.2015. ISSN 1043-4046. PMC 4669363. PMID 26628646.
↑  Davies, PC; Rieper, E; Tuszynski, JA (January 2013). "Self-organization and entropy reduction in a living cell". Bio Systems. 111 (1): 1–10. doi:10.1016/j.biosystems.2012.10.005. PMC 3712629. PMID 23159919.
↑  Based on definition from: "Aquarena Wetlands Project glossary of terms". Texas State University at San Marcos. คลังข้อมูลเก่าเก็บจากแหล่งเดิมเมื่อ 2004-06-08.
↑  Craig, Nancy (2014). Molecular Biology, Principles of Genome Function. OUP Oxford. ISBN 978-0-19-965857-2.
↑  Mosconi, Francesco; Julou, Thomas; Desprat, Nicolas; Sinha, Deepak Kumar; Allemand, Jean-François; Vincent Croquette; Bensimon, David (2008). "Some nonlinear challenges in biology". Nonlinearity. 21 (8): T131. Bibcode:2008Nonli..21..131M. doi:10.1088/0951-7715/21/8/T03. S2CID 119808230.
↑  Howell, Elizabeth (8 December 2014). "How Did Life Become Complex, And Could It Happen Beyond Earth?". Astrobiology Magazine. คลังข้อมูลเก่าเก็บจากแหล่งเดิมเมื่อ 17 August 2018. สืบค้นเมื่อ 14 February 2018.{{cite web}}:  CS1 maint: unfit URL (ลิงก์)
↑  Pearce, Ben K.D.; Tupper, Andrew S.; Pudritz, Ralph E.;  และคณะ (March 1, 2018). "Constraining the Time Interval for the Origin of Life on Earth". Astrobiology. 18 (3): 343–364. arXiv:1808.09460. Bibcode:2018AsBio..18..343P. doi:10.1089/ast.2017.1674. PMID 29570409. S2CID 4419671.
1 2  Lindberg, David C. (2007). "Science before the Greeks". The beginnings of Western science: the European Scientific tradition in philosophical, religious, and institutional context (2nd ed.). Chicago, Illinois: University of Chicago Press. pp. 1–20. ISBN 978-0-226-48205-7.
1 2  Grant, Edward (2007). "Ancient Egypt to Plato". A History of Natural Philosophy: From the Ancient World to the Nineteenth Century. New York: Cambridge University Press. pp. 1–26. ISBN 978-052-1-68957-1.
↑  Magner, Lois N. (2002). A History of the Life Sciences, Revised and Expanded. CRC Press. ISBN 978-0-203-91100-6. เก็บจากแหล่งเดิมเมื่อ 2015-03-24.
↑  Serafini, Anthony (2013). The Epic History of Biology. Springer. ISBN 978-1-4899-6327-7. เก็บจากแหล่งเดิมเมื่อ 15 April 2021. สืบค้นเมื่อ 14 July 2015.
↑   ประโยคหรือส่วนของบทความก่อนหน้านี้ ประกอบด้วยข้อความจากสิ่งพิมพ์ซึ่งปัจจุบันเป็นสาธารณสมบัติ: Chisholm, Hugh, บ.ก. (1911). "Theophrastus" . สารานุกรมบริตานิกา ค.ศ. 1911 (11 ed.). สำนักพิมพ์มหาวิทยาลัยเคมบริดจ์.
↑  Fahd, Toufic (1996). "Botany and agriculture".  ใน Morelon, Régis; Rashed, Roshdi (บ.ก.). Encyclopedia of the History of Arabic Science. Vol. 3. Routledge. p. 815. ISBN 978-0-415-12410-2.
↑  Magner, Lois N. (2002). A History of the Life Sciences, Revised and Expanded. CRC Press. pp. 133–44. ISBN 978-0-203-91100-6. เก็บจากแหล่งเดิมเมื่อ 2015-03-24.
↑  Sapp, Jan (2003). "7". Genesis: The Evolution of Biology. New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-515618-8.
↑  Coleman, William (1977). Biology in the Nineteenth Century: Problems of Form, Function, and Transformation. New York: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-29293-1.
↑  Mayr, Ernst. The Growth of Biological Thought, chapter 4
↑  Mayr, Ernst. The Growth of Biological Thought, chapter 7
↑
Darwin, Francis, บ.ก. (1909). The foundations of The origin of species, a sketch written in 1842 (PDF). Cambridge: Printed at the University Press. p. 53. LCCN 61057537. OCLC 1184581. เก็บ (PDF)จากแหล่งเดิมเมื่อ 4 March 2016. สืบค้นเมื่อ 27 November 2014.
↑  Gould, Stephen Jay. The Structure of Evolutionary Theory. The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press: Cambridge, 2002. ISBN 0-674-00613-5. p. 187.
↑  Mayr, Ernst. The Growth of Biological Thought, chapter 10: "Darwin's evidence for evolution and common descent"; and chapter 11: "The causation of evolution: natural selection"
↑  Larson, Edward J. (2006). "Ch. 3". Evolution: The Remarkable History of a Scientific Theory. Random House Publishing Group. ISBN 978-1-58836-538-5. เก็บจากแหล่งเดิมเมื่อ 2015-03-24.
↑  Henig (2000). Op. cit. pp. 134–138.
↑  Miko, Ilona (2008). "Gregor Mendel's principles of inheritance form the cornerstone of modern genetics. So just what are they?". Nature Education. 1 (1): 134. เก็บจากแหล่งเดิมเมื่อ 2019-07-19. สืบค้นเมื่อ 2021-05-13.
↑  Futuyma, Douglas J.; Kirkpatrick, Mark (2017). "Evolutionary Biology". Evolution (4th ed.). Sunderland, Mass.: Sinauer Associates. pp. 3–26.
↑  Noble, Ivan (2003-04-14). "Human genome finally complete". BBC News. เก็บจากแหล่งเดิมเมื่อ 2006-06-14. สืบค้นเมื่อ 2006-07-22.
1 2  Urry, Lisa; Cain, Michael; Wasserman, Steven; Minorsky, Peter; Reece, Jane (2017). "The chemical context of life". Campbell Biology (11th ed.). New York: Pearson. pp. 28–43. ISBN 978-0134093413.
1 2  Freeman, Scott; Quillin, Kim; Allison, Lizabeth; Black, Michael; Podgorski, Greg; Taylor, Emily; Carmichael, Jeff (2017). "Water and carbon: The chemical basis of life". Biological Science (6th ed.). Hoboken, N.J.: Pearson. pp. 55–77. ISBN 978-0321976499.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10  Freeman, Scott; Quillin, Kim; Allison, Lizabeth; Black, Michael; Podgorski, Greg; Taylor, Emily; Carmichael, Jeff (2017). "Water and carbon: The chemical basis of life". Biological Science (6th ed.). Hoboken, N.J.: Pearson. pp. 55–77. ISBN 978-0321976499.
1 2 3  Freeman, Scott; Quillin, Kim; Allison, Lizabeth; Black, Michael; Podgorski, Greg; Taylor, Emily; Carmichael, Jeff (2017). "Water and carbon: The chemical basis of life". Biological Science (6th ed.). Hoboken, N.J.: Pearson. pp. 55–77. ISBN 978-0321976499.
1 2  Urry, Lisa; Cain, Michael; Wasserman, Steven; Minorsky, Peter; Reece, Jane (2017). "Carbon and the molecular diversity of life". Campbell Biology (11th ed.). New York: Pearson. pp. 56–65. ISBN 978-0134093413.
1 2 3
↑  Hillis, David M.; Sadava, David; Hill, Richard W.; Price, Mary V. (2014). "Carbon and molecular diversity of life". Principles of Life (2nd ed.). Sunderland, Mass.: Sinauer Associates. pp. 56–65. ISBN 978-1464175121.
↑
1 2 3  Freeman, Scott; Quillin, Kim; Allison, Lizabeth; Black, Michael; Podgorski, Greg; Taylor, Emily; Carmichael, Jeff (2017). "Protein structure and function". Biological Science (6th ed.). Hoboken, N.J.: Pearson. pp. 78–92. ISBN 978-0321976499.
1 2 3  Urry, Lisa; Cain, Michael; Wasserman, Steven; Minorsky, Peter; Reece, Jane (2017). "The structure and function of large biological molecules". Campbell Biology (11th ed.). New York: Pearson. pp. 66–92. ISBN 978-0134093413.
↑  Freeman, Scott; Quillin, Kim; Allison, Lizabeth; Black, Michael; Podgorski, Greg; Taylor, Emily; Carmichael, Jeff (2017). "An introduction to carbohydrate". Biological Science (6th ed.). Hoboken, N.J.: Pearson. pp. 107–118. ISBN 978-0321976499.
↑  Freeman, Scott; Quillin, Kim; Allison, Lizabeth; Black, Michael; Podgorski, Greg; Taylor, Emily; Carmichael, Jeff (2017). "Lipids, membranes, and the first cells". Biological Science (6th ed.). Hoboken, N.J.: Pearson. pp. 119–141. ISBN 978-0321976499.
↑  Freeman, Scott; Quillin, Kim; Allison, Lizabeth; Black, Michael; Podgorski, Greg; Taylor, Emily; Carmichael, Jeff (2017). "Nucleic acids and the RNA world". Biological Science (6th ed.). Hoboken, N.J.: Pearson. pp. 93–106. ISBN 978-0321976499.
↑  Mazzarello, P. (May 1999). "A unifying concept: the history of cell theory". Nature Cell Biology. 1 (1): E13–15. doi:10.1038/8964. PMID 10559875. S2CID 7338204.
↑  Campbell, Neil A.; Williamson, Brad; Heyden, Robin J. (2006). Biology: Exploring Life. Boston: Pearson Prentice Hall. ISBN 978-0132508827. เก็บจากแหล่งเดิมเมื่อ 2014-11-02. สืบค้นเมื่อ 2021-05-13.