น้ำมันปลา
เชิงอรรถและอ้างอิง

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Moghadasian, Mohammed H. (2008). "Advances in Dietary Enrichment with N-3 Fatty Acids". Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition. 48 (5): 402–10. doi:10.1080/10408390701424303. PMID 18464030.
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Cleland, Leslieg; James, Michaelj; Proudman, Susannam (2006). "Fish oil: What the prescriber needs to know". Arthritis Research & Therapy. 8 (1): 679–81. doi:10.1186/ar1876. PMC 1526555. PMID 16542466.
1 2  
Zimmer, Carl (2015-09-17). "Inuit Study Adds Twist to Omega-3 Fatty Acids' Health Story". New York Times. สืบค้นเมื่อ 2015-10-11.
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O'Connor, Anahad (2015-03-30). "Fish Oil Claims Not Supported by Research". New York Times. สืบค้นเมื่อ 2015-10-11.
1 2  
Grey, Andrew; Bolland, Mark (March 2014). "Clinical Trial Evidence and Use of Fish Oil Supplements". JAMA Internal Medicine. 174 (3): 460–62. doi:10.1001/jamainternmed.2013.12765. PMID 24352849. สืบค้นเมื่อ 2015-10-11.
1 2  
Xin, Wei; Wei, Wei; Li, Xiaoying (2012-01-01). "Effect of fish oil supplementation on fasting vascular endothelial function in humans: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials". PLOS ONE. 7 (9): e46028. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0046028. ISSN 1932-6203. PMC 3448723. PMID 23029372.
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Su, Kuan-Pin; Huang, Shih-Yi; Chiu, Chih-Chiang; Shen, Winston W. (2003). "Omega-3 fatty acids in major depressive disorder". European Neuropsychopharmacology. 13 (4): 267–71. doi:10.1016/S0924-977X(03)00032-4. PMID 12888186.
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Naliwaiko, K.; Ara?jo, R.L.F.; Da Fonseca, R.V.; Castilho, J.C.; Andreatini, R.; Bellissimo, M.I.; Oliveira, B.H.; Martins, E.F.; Curi, R.; Fernandes, L.C.; Ferraz, A.C. (2004). "Effects of Fish Oil on the Central Nervous System: A New Potential Antidepressant?". Nutritional Neuroscience. 7 (2): 91–99. doi:10.1080/10284150410001704525. PMID 15279495.
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Green, Pnina; Hermesh, Haggai; Monselise, Assaf; Marom, Sofi; Presburger, Gadi; Weizman, Abraham (2006). "Red cell membrane omega-3 fatty acids are decreased in nondepressed patients with social anxiety disorder". European Neuropsychopharmacology. 16 (2): 107–13. doi:10.1016/j.euroneuro.2005.07.005. PMID 16243493.
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Yehuda, Shlomo; Rabinovitz, Sharon; Mostofsky, David I. (2005). "Mixture of essential fatty acids lowers test anxiety". Nutritional Neuroscience. 8 (4): 265–67. doi:10.1080/10284150500445795. PMID 16491653.
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Nemets, B.; Stahl, Z; Belmaker, RH (2002). "Addition of Omega-3 Fatty Acid to Maintenance Medication Treatment for Recurrent Unipolar Depressive Disorder". American Journal of Psychiatry. 159 (3): 477–79. doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.159.3.477. PMID 11870016.
1 2  NIH Medline Plus (August 2015). "Omega-3 Supplements: In Depth". สืบค้นเมื่อ 2017-10-13.
↑  EPA (2007-01-31). "Fish Consumption Advisories". สืบค้นเมื่อ 2007-02-08.
↑  "The State of World Fisheries and Aquaculture 2008" (PDF). Food and Agriculture Organization. 2008. p. 146. คลังข้อมูลเก่าเก็บจากแหล่งเดิม (PDF)เมื่อ 2018-05-16.
1 2  Innis, Sheila M.; Rioux, France M.; Auestad, Nancy; Ackman, Robert G. (1995). "Marine and freshwater fish oil varying in arachidonic, eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acids differ in their effects on organ lipids and fatty acids in growing rats". The Journal of Nutrition. 125 (9): 2286–93. PMID 7666244.
↑  Gruger, E. H.; Nelson, R. W.; Stansby, M. E. (1964-10-01). "Fatty acid composition of oils from 21 species of marine fish, freshwater fish and shellfish". Journal of the American Oil Chemists Society. 41 (10): 662–67. doi:10.1007/BF02661403.{{cite journal}}:  CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (ลิงก์)
1 2  Philibert, A; Vanier, C; Abdelouahab, N; Chan, HM; Mergler, D (December 2006). "Fish intake and serum fatty acid profiles from freshwater fish". The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 84 (6): 1299–307. PMID 17158409.{{cite journal}}:  CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (ลิงก์)
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Talakoub, Lily; Neuhaus, Isaac M.; Yu, Siegrid S. (2008). "Chapter 2: Cosmoceuticals".  ใน Alam, Murad; Gladstone, Hayes B.; Tung, Rebecca (บ.ก.). Cosmetic Dermatology. Requisites in dermatology. Elsevier Health Sciences. p. 9. ISBN 9780702031434. สืบค้นเมื่อ 2014-10-23. Other oils used as emollients include fish oil, petrolatum, shea butter, and sunflower seed oil.
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Burch, Ernest S. (2006). Social Life in Northwest Alaska: The Structure of I?upiaq Eskimo Nations. University of Alaska Press. p. 278. ISBN 9781889963921. สืบค้นเมื่อ 2014-10-23. Oil was also used externally as an ointment to heal cold sores, cuts, insect bites, frostbite, rashes - in short, skin problems of all kinds. Duck or goose body-cavity fat was apparently as useful as seal or fish oil in dealing with skin problems.
↑  Heartney, Eleanor (2007). "Zhang Huan: Becoming the Body". Zhang Huan: Altered States. Charta and Asia Society. ISBN 978-8881586417. คลังข้อมูลเก่าเก็บจากแหล่งเดิมเมื่อ 2016-03-04. สืบค้นเมื่อ 2014-10-23. This becomes abundantly clear in the work of Chinese body artist Zhang Huan. In the course of his career, Zhang Huan has subjected himself to painful trials: sitting motionless for hours in an outhouse covered in honey and fish oil while flies crawled over his body [...].
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Ilse Schreiber: Die Schwestern aus Memel (1936), quoted, and extract translated in:
Strzelczyk, Florentine (2014). "16: 'Fighting against Manitou': German Identity and Ilse Schreiber's Canada Novels Die Schwestern aus Memel (1936) and Die Flucht in Paradies (1939)".  ใน McFarland, Rob; James, Michelle Stott (บ.ก.). Sophie Discovers Amerika: German-Speaking Women Write the New World. Studies in German Literature Linguistics and Culture. Vol. 148. Boydell & Brewer. p. 207. ISBN 9781571135865. Hoffentlich zogen die Eltern in eine Gegend, wo es recht viele Eingeborene gab. Indianer, die nur von Jagd und Fischfang leben. Ach, und wom?glich Eskimos, die sich mit Tran einschmieren, um sich gegen die K?lte zu sch?tzen und rohes Fleisch essen [...]. [She hoped her parents would move to an area where there were many aboriginals. Indians who live solely by hunting and fishing. Oh, and if possible Eskimos who smear themselves with fish oil to protect themselves from the cold, and who eat raw meat.]
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Falk-Petersen, S.; Sargent, J. R.; Henderson, J.; Hegseth, E. N.; Hop, H.; Okolodkov, Y. B. (1998). "Lipids and fatty acids in ice algae and phytoplankton from the Marginal Ice Zone in the Barents Sea". Polar Biology. 20 (1): 41–47. doi:10.1007/s003000050274. INIST:2356641.
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"Fish, Levels of Mercury and Omega-3 Fatty Acids". American Heart Association. สืบค้นเมื่อ 2010-10-06.
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Kris-Etherton, Penny M.; William S. Harris, Lawrence J. Appel (2002). "Fish Consumption, Fish Oil, Omega-3 Fatty Acids, and Cardiovascular Disease". Circulation. 106 (21): 2747–57. doi:10.1161/01.CIR.0000038493.65177.94. PMID 12438303.
1 2  "Omega-3 Centre". Omega-3 sources. Omega-3 Centre. คลังข้อมูลเก่าเก็บจากแหล่งเดิมเมื่อ 2008-07-18. สืบค้นเมื่อ 2008-07-27.
↑  "Re: 2010 Dietary Guidelines for Americans" (PDF). Jan 2009. American Heart Association. คลังข้อมูลเก่าเก็บจากแหล่งเดิม (PDF)เมื่อ 2017-08-10. สืบค้นเมื่อ 2019-01-04.
↑  "2004 - FDA Announces Qualified Health Claims for Omega-3 Fatty Acids". www.fda.gov (ภาษาอังกฤษ). สืบค้นเมื่อ 2016-05-25.
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Heinze, VM; Actis, AB (February 2012). "Dietary conjugated linoleic acid and long-chain n-3 fatty acids in mammary and prostate cancer protection: a review". International journal of food sciences and nutrition. 63 (1): 66–78. doi:10.3109/09637486.2011.598849. PMID 21762028.
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Crowe, Francesca L.; Appleby, Paul N.; Travis, Ruth C.; Barnett, Matt; Brasky, Theodore M.; Bueno-de-Mesquita, H. Bas; Chajes, Veronique; Chavarro, Jorge E.; Chirlaque, Maria-Dolores (2014-09-01). "Circulating fatty acids and prostate cancer risk: individual participant meta-analysis of prospective studies". Journal of the National Cancer Institute. 106 (9): dju240. doi:10.1093/jnci/dju240. ISSN 1460-2105. PMC 4188122. PMID 25210201.
↑  Chua, Michael E.; Sio, Maria Christina D.; Sorongon, Mishell C.; Morales Jr, Marcelino L. Jr. (May–June 2013). "The relevance of serum levels of long chain omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and prostate cancer risk: a meta-analysis". Canadian Urological Association Journal. 7 (5–6): E333-43. doi:10.5489/cuaj.1056. PMC 3668400. PMID 23766835.{{cite journal}}:  CS1 maint: date format (ลิงก์)
↑  Brasky, TM; Darke, AK; Song, X และคณะ (August 2013). "Plasma phospholipid fatty acids and prostate cancer risk in the SELECT trial". J. Natl. Cancer Inst. 105 (15): 1132–41. doi:10.1093/jnci/djt174. PMC 3735464. PMID 23843441.{{cite journal}}:  CS1 maint: uses authors parameter (ลิงก์)
↑  "Fish and Omega-3 Fatty Acids". American Heart Association. สืบค้นเมื่อ 2007-02-09.
↑  Charnock, John S (1999). "The role of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid-enriched diets in the prevention of ventricular fibrillation" (PDF). Asia Pacific Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 8 (3): 226–30. doi:10.1046/j.1440-6047.1999.00115.x. PMID 24394167. คลังข้อมูลเก่าเก็บจากแหล่งเดิม (PDF)เมื่อ 2012-05-26. สืบค้นเมื่อ 2019-01-04.
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Li, GR; Sun, HY; Zhang, XH; Cheng, LC; Chiu, SW; Tse, HF; Lau, CP (2009). "Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids inhibit transient outward and ultra-rapid delayed rectifier K+currents and Na+current in human atrial myocytes". Cardiovasc Res. 81 (2): 286–93. doi:10.1093/cvr/cvn322. PMID 19029136.{{cite journal}}:  CS1 maint: uses authors parameter (ลิงก์)
↑  Khawaja, Owais; Gaziano, J. Michael; Djouss?, Luc (2012-02-01). "A meta-analysis of omega-3 fatty acids and incidence of atrial fibrillation". Journal of the American College of Nutrition. 31 (1): 4–13. doi:10.1080/07315724.2012.10720003. ISSN 1541-1087. PMID 22661621.
↑  Nair, G. M.; Connolly, S. J. (2008). "Should patients with cardiovascular disease take fish oil?". Canadian Medical Association Journal. 178 (2): 181–82. doi:10.1503/cmaj.071654. PMC 2174997. PMID 18195293.
↑  Rizos, E. C.; Ntzani, E. E.; Bika, E; Kostapanos, MS; Elisaf, MS (2012). "Association Between Omega-3 Fatty Acid Supplementation and Risk of Major Cardiovascular Disease Events: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis". Journal of the American Medical Association. 308 (10): 1024–33. doi:10.1001/2012.jama.11374. PMID 22968891.
↑  "Omega-3 fatty acids, fish oil, alpha-linolenic acid". สืบค้นเมื่อ 2014-02-04.
↑  Montgomery, P; Richardson, AJ (2008).  Montgomery, Paul (บ.ก.). "Omega-3 fatty acids for bipolar disorder". Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (2): CD005169. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD005169.pub2. PMID 18425912.{{cite journal}}:  CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (ลิงก์)
↑  Martins, Julian G (2009). "EPA but Not DHA Appears to Be Responsible for the Efficacy of Omega-3 Long Chain Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Supplementation in Depression: Evidence from a Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials". Journal of the American College of Nutrition. 28 (5): 525–42. doi:10.1080/07315724.2009.10719785. PMID 20439549.
↑  Bloch, M H; Hannestad, J (2011). "Omega-3 fatty acids for the treatment of depression: Systematic review and meta-analysis". Molecular Psychiatry. 17 (12): 1272–82. doi:10.1038/mp.2011.100. PMC 3625950. PMID 21931319.
↑  Grosso, G.; Pajak, A.; Marventano, S.; Castellano, S.; Galvano, F.; Bucolo, C.; Caraci, F. (2014). "Role of Omega-3 Fatty Acids in the Treatment of Depressive Disorders: A Comprehensive Meta-Analysis of Randomized Clinical Trials". PLoS ONE. 9 (5): e96905. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0096905. PMC 4013121. PMID 24805797.
↑  Sifferlin, Alexandra (2012-06-13). "Fish Oil Fail: Omega-3s May Not Protect Brain Health After All". Time. สืบค้นเมื่อ 2012-06-19.
↑  Wolters, M. (2005). "Diet and psoriasis: experimental data and clinical evidence". British Journal of Dermatology. 153 (4): 706–14. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2133.2005.06781.x. PMID 16181450.
↑  "Diet in dermatology: revisited". 2010. PMID 20228538. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal ต้องการ |journal= (help)
1 2  Jensen, Craig L.; Voigt, Robert G.; Llorente, Antolin M.; Peters, Sarika U.; Prager, Thomas C.; Zou, Yali L.; Rozelle, Judith C.; Turcich, Marie R.; Fraley, J. Kennard; Anderson, Robert E.; Heird, William C. (2010). "Effects of Early Maternal Docosahexaenoic Acid Intake on Neuropsychological Status and Visual Acuity at Five Years of Age of Breast-Fed Term Infants". The Journal of Pediatrics. 157 (6): 900–05. doi:10.1016/j.jpeds.2010.06.006. PMID 20655543.
↑  Calder, Philip C.; Kremmyda, Lefkothea-Stella; Vlachava, Maria; Noakes, Paul S.; Miles, Elizabeth A. (2010). "Is there a role for fatty acids in early life programming of the immune system?". Proceedings of the Nutrition Society. 69 (3): 373–80. doi:10.1017/S0029665110001552. PMID 20462467.
↑  Lev-Tzion, R; Griffiths, AM; Leder, O; Turner, D (2014-02-28). "Omega 3 fatty acids (fish oil) for maintenance of remission in Crohn's disease". The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2: CD006320. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD006320.pub4. PMID 24585498.
1 2 3  "ConsumerLab.com Finds Quality Problems with Nearly Thirty Percent of Fish Oil Supplements Reviewed; "Fishy" Claims Identified: Softgels and Liquids for Adults, Children and Pets Tested, Including Krill Oil and Algal Oil Supplements". ConsumerLab.com. 2010-09-28. สืบค้นเมื่อ 2012-10-20.[ไม่แน่ใจ ]
↑  "Reviews of Supplements and Health Products". ConsumerLab.
↑  Schecter, A.; Cramer, P.; Boggess, K.; Stanley, J.; Olson, J. R. (1997-04-01). "Levels of dioxins, dibenzofurans, PCB and DDE congeners in pooled food samples collected in 1995 at supermarkets across the United States". Chemosphere. 34 (5–7): 1437–47. doi:10.1016/s0045-6535(97)00440-2. ISSN 0045-6535. PMID 9134677.
1 2  Aursand, Marit; Mozuraityte, Revilija; Hamre, Kristin; Knutsen, Helle; Maage, Amund; Arukwe, Augustine (2011). Description of the processes in the value chain and risk assessment of decomposition substances and oxidation products in fish oils (PDF). Norwegian Scientific Committee for Food Safety. ISBN 978-82-8259-035-8. คลังข้อมูลเก่าเก็บจากแหล่งเดิม (PDF)เมื่อ 2016-09-09. สืบค้นเมื่อ 2012-10-19. [ต้องการเลขหน้า]
1 2 3 4 5  "ConsumerLab.com Review: Fish Oil and Omega-3 Fatty Acid Supplements Review (Including Krill, Algae, and Calamari Oil)". ConsumerLab.com. 2012-08-13. สืบค้นเมื่อ 2012-10-19.
↑  Raatz, SK; Redmon, JB; Wimmergren, N; Donadio, JV; Bibus, DM (2009). "Enhanced absorption of omega-3 fatty acids after emulsified compared with encapsulated fish oil". Journal of the American Dietetic Association. 109: 1076–81. doi:10.1016/j.jada.2009.03.006. PMC 2701654.
↑  Villani, Anthony M; Crotty, Maria; Cleland, Leslie G; James, Michael J; Fraser, Robert J; Cobiac, Lynne; Miller, Michelle D (2013). "Fish oil administration in older adults: Is there potential for adverse events? A systematic review of the literature". BMC Geriatrics. 13 (1): 41. doi:10.1186/1471-2318-13-41. PMC 3664575. PMID 23634646.
↑  "FDA Announces Qualified Health Claims for Omega-3 Fatty Acids". 2004-09-08. คลังข้อมูลเก่าเก็บจากแหล่งเดิมเมื่อ 2009-07-22. สืบค้นเมื่อ 2017-08-21.
↑  "Scientific Opinion on the Tolerable Upper Intake Level of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and docosapentaenoic acid (DPA)". EFSA Journal. EFSA. doi:10.2903/j.efsa.2012.2815. สืบค้นเมื่อ 2014-09-14.
↑  Kantha, SS (1987). "Dietary effects of fish oils on human health: A review of recent studies". The Yale Journal of Biology and Medicine. 60 (1): 37–44. PMC 2590235. PMID 3551346.
↑  Lips, Paul (2003). "Hypervitaminosis a and Fractures". New England Journal of Medicine. 348 (4): 347–49. doi:10.1056/NEJMe020167. PMID 12540650.
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Halliday, Jess (2006-04-13). "Dioxins prompt second UK fish oil withdrawal". สืบค้นเมื่อ 2007-02-08.
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"Pollutants found in fish oil capsules". BBC News. 2002-04-06. สืบค้นเมื่อ 2007-02-08.
↑  International Fish Oil Standards เก็บถาวร 2009-04-28 ที่ เวย์แบ็กแมชชีน.
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Leamy, Elisabeth (2010-03-03). "Lawsuit Raises Fish Oil Supplement Concerns". คลังข้อมูลเก่าเก็บจากแหล่งเดิมเมื่อ 2018-12-19. สืบค้นเมื่อ 2010-03-05.
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"Lawsuit says fish oil supplements contain PCB". San Francisco Chronicle. 2010-03-03. คลังข้อมูลเก่าเก็บจากแหล่งเดิมเมื่อ 2018-11-24.
↑  Brustad, Magritt; Sandanger, Torkjel Manning; Andersen, Vegard; Lund, Eiliv (2007). "POP exposure from fish liver consumption and risk of cancer?the Norwegian Women and Cancer Study". Journal of Environmental Monitoring. 9 (7): 682–6. doi:10.1039/B706302B. PMID 17607388.
↑  Foran, Stacy E.; Flood, James G.; Lewandrowski, Kent B. (2003). "Measurement of Mercury Levels in Concentrated Over-the-Counter Fish Oil Preparations: Is Fish Oil Healthier Than Fish?". Archives of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine. 127 (12): 1603–1605. doi:10.1043/1543-2165(2003)127<1603:MOMLIC>2.0.CO;2. PMID 14632570.
↑  Doughman, Scott D.; Krupanidhi, Srirama; Sanjeevi, Carani B. (2007). "Omega-3 Fatty Acids for Nutrition and Medicine: Considering Microalgae Oil as a Vegetarian Source of EPA and DHA". Current Diabetes Reviews. 3 (3): 198–203. doi:10.2174/157339907781368968. PMID 18220672.