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อักขรวิธี > ตารางอักษร

| หน่วยอักขระ | สัทอักษรสากล | ตัวอย่างและหมายเหตุ |
| --- | --- | --- |
| a | /a/, /ɑː/ | appel ('apple'; /a/), tale ('languages'; /ɑː/). Represents /a/ in closed syllables and /ɑː/ in stressed open syllables |
| á | /a/, /ɑ:/ | ná (after) |
| ä | /a/, /ɑ:/ | sebraägtig ('zebra-like'). The diaeresis indicates the start of new syllable. |
| aa | /ɑː/ | aap ('monkey', 'ape'). Only occurs in closed syllables. |
| aai | /ɑːi/ | draai ('turn') |
| ae | /ɑːə/ | vrae ('questions'); the vowels belong to two separate syllables |
| ai | /ai/ | baie ('many', 'much' or 'very'), ai (expression of frustration or resignation) |
| b | /b/, /p/ | boom ('tree') |
| c | /s/, /k/ | Found only in borrowed words or proper nouns; the former pronunciation occurs before 'e', 'i', or 'y'; featured in the Latinate plural ending -ici (singular form -ikus) |
| ch | /ʃ/, /x/, /k/ | chirurg ('surgeon'; /ʃ/; typically sj is used instead), chemie ('chemistry'; /x/), chitien ('chitin'; /k/). Found only in recent loanwords and in proper nouns |
| d | /d/, /t/ | dag ('day'), deel ('part', 'divide', 'share') |
| dj | /d͡ʒ/, /k/ | djati ('teak'), broodjie ('sandwich'). Used to transcribe foreign words for the former pronunciation, and in the diminutive suffix -djie for the latter in words ending with d |
| e | /e(ː)/, /æ(ː)/, /ɪə/, /ɪ/, /ə/ | bed (/e/), mens ('person', /eː/) (lengthened before /n/) ete ('meal', /ɪə/ and /ə/ respectively),  ek ('I', /æ/), berg ('mountain', /æː/) (lengthened before /r/). /ɪ/ is the unstressed allophone of /ɪə/ |
| é | /e(ː)/, /æ(ː)/, /ɪə/ | dié ('this'), mét ('with', emphasised), ék ('I; me', emphasised) ,wéét ('know', emphasised) |
| è | /e/ | Found in loanwords (like crèche) and proper nouns (like Eugène) where the spelling was maintained, and in four non-loanwords: nè ('yes?', 'right?', 'eh?'), dè ('here, take this!' or '[this is] yours!'), hè ('huh?', 'what?', 'eh?'), and appèl ('(formal) appeal' (noun)). |
| ê | /eː/, /æː/ | sê ('to say'), wêreld ('world'), lêer ('file') (Allophonically /æː/ before /(ə)r/) |
| ë | - | Diaeresis indicates the start of new syllable, thus ë, ëe and ëi are pronounced like 'e', 'ee' and 'ei', respectively |
| ee | /ɪə/ | weet ('to know'), een ('one') |
| eeu | /ɪu/ | leeu ('lion'), eeu ('century', 'age') |
| ei | /ei/ | lei ('to lead') |
| eu | /ɪɵ/ | seun ('son' or 'lad') |
| f | /f/ | fiets ('bicycle') |
| g | /x/, /ɡ/ | /ɡ/ exists as the allophone of /x/ if at the end of a root word preceded by a stressed single vowel + /r/ and suffixed with a schwa, e.g. berg ('mountain') is pronounced as /bæːrx/, and berge is pronounced as /bæːrɡə/ |
| gh | /ɡ/ | gholf ('golf'). Used for /ɡ/ when it is not an allophone of /x/; found only in borrowed words. If the h instead begins the next syllable, the two letters are pronounced separately. |
| h | /ɦ/ | hael ('hail'), hond ('dog') |
| i | /i/, /ə/ | kind ('child'; /ə/), ink ('ink'; /ə/), krisis ('crisis'; /i/ and /ə/ respectively), elektrisiteit ('electricity'; /i/ for all three; third 'i' is part of diphthong 'ei') |
| í | /i/, /ə/ | krísis ('crisis', emphasised), dít ('that', emphasised) |
| î | /əː/ | wîe (plural of wig; 'wedges' or 'quoins') |
| ï | /i/, /ə/ | Found in words such as beïnvloed ('to influence'). The diaeresis indicates the start of new syllable. |
| ie | /i(ː)/ | iets ('something'), vier ('four') |
| j | /j/ | julle (plural 'you') |
| k | /k/ | kat ('cat'), kan ('can' (verb) or 'jug') |
| l | /l/ | lag ('laugh') |
| m | /m/ | man ('man') |
| n | /n/ | nael ('nail') |
| ŉ | /ə/ | indefinite article ŉ ('a'), styled as a ligature (Unicode character U+0149) |
| ng | /ŋ/ | sing ('to sing') |
| o | /o/, /ʊə/, /ʊ/ | op ('up(on)'; /o/), grote ('size'; /ʊə/), polisie ('police'; /ʊ/) |
| ó | /o/, /ʊə/ | óp ('done, finished', emphasised), gróót ('huge', emphasised) |
| ô | /oː/ | môre ('tomorrow') |
| ö | /o/, /ʊə/ | Found in words such as koöperasie ('co-operation'). The diaeresis indicates the start of new syllable, thus ö is pronounced the same as 'o' based on the following remainder of the word. |
| oe | /u(ː)/ | boek ('book'), koers ('course', 'direction') |
| oei | /ui/ | koei ('cow') |
| oo | /ʊə/ | oom ('uncle' or 'sir') |
| ooi | /oːi/ | mooi ('pretty', 'beautiful'), nooi ('invite') |
| ou | /ɵu/ | By itself means ('guy'). Sometimes spelled ouw in loanwords and surnames, for example Louw. |
| p | /p/ | pot ('pot'), pers ('purple' — or 'press' indicating the news media; the latter is often spelled with an <ê>) |
| q | /k/ | Found only in foreign words with original spelling maintained; typically k is used instead |
| r | /r/ | rooi ('red') |
| s | /s/, /z/, /ʃ/, /ʒ/ | ses ('six'), stem ('voice' or 'vote'), posisie ('position', /z/ for first 's', /s/ for second 's'), rasioneel ('rational', /ʃ/ (nonstandard; formally /s/ is used instead) visuëel ('visual', /ʒ/ (nonstandard; /z/ is more formal) |
| sj | /ʃ/ | sjaal ('shawl'), sjokolade ('chocolate') |
| t | /t/ | tafel ('table') |
| tj | /tʃ/, /k/ | tjank ('whine like a dog' or 'to cry incessantly'). The latter pronunciation occurs in the common diminutive suffix "-(e)tjie" |
| u | /ɵ/, /y(ː)/ | stuk ('piece'), unie ('union'), muur ('wall') |
| ú | /œ/, /y(:)/ | búk ('bend over', emphasised), ú ('you', formal, emphasised) |
| û | /ɵː/ | brûe ('bridges') |
| ü | - | Found in words such as reünie ('reunion'). The diaeresis indicates the start of a new syllable, thus ü is pronounced the same as u, except when found in proper nouns and surnames from German, like Müller. |
| ui | /ɵi/ | uit ('out') |
| uu | /y(ː)/ | uur ('hour') |
| v | /f/, /v/ | vis ('fish'), visuëel ('visual') |
| w | /v/, /w/ | water ('water'; /v/); allophonically /w/ after obstruents within a root; an example: kwas ('brush'; /w/) |
| x | /z/, /ks/ | xifoïed ('xiphoid'; /z/), x-straal ('x-ray'; /ks/). |
| y | /əi/ | byt ('bite') |
| ý | /əi/ | hý ('he', emphasised) |
| z | /z/ | Zoeloe ('Zulu'). Found only in onomatopoeia and loanwords |