게이지 이론 (수학)
참조

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원 위에 있는 자명하지 않은 Z /2 Z 주다발. 각 올에서 +1 또는 -1 에 해당하는 지점을 식별하는 명확한 방법은 없다. 이 다발은 사영 π의 전역적으로 정의된 단면이 없기 때문에 중요하지 않다.
틀 다발  {\mathcal {F}}(E) 뫼비우스 띠의  E 중요하지 않은 원 위에  \mathbb {Z} /2\mathbb {Z}  주다발이다
M을 기저 다양체로 하는 선형 다발  E의 단면  s.
P에 대한  G의 오른쪽 군 작용과 호환되려면 주다발 접속이 필요하다. 이것은 오른쪽 곱셈  R_{g}로 시각화 할 수 있다. 수평 부분 공간을 서로 가져온다. 수평 부분 공간의 이 등분산  H\subset TP 접속 형태로 해석  \omega  그것의 특징적인 등분산 성질으로 이어진다.
주다발 접속 형식  \omega 는 주다발  P의 접다발  TP의 사영 연산자로 생각할 수 있다. 접속 형식의 커널은 연관된 에레스만 접속에 대한 수평 부분 공간으로 제공된다.
선형 다발에 대한 접속의 공변 도함수는 평행 운송에서 복구될 수 있다. 단면  s\in \Gamma (E)의 값  s(\gamma (t))들은 경로  \gamma 를 따라  \gamma (0)=x로 되돌아가며 병렬로 운송된다. 그리고 나서 공변 도함수는  x위에 고정된 선형 공간, 즉, 올  E_{x}에서 취해진다.
도날드슨 정리에서 반 자기 이중 접속의 모듈라이 공간에 의해 주어진 보충 경계.