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Bühlmann, Hans (November 1997). “The Actuary: the Role and Limitations of the Profession Since the Mid-19th Century” (PDF). 《ASTIN Bulletin》 27 (2): 165–171. doi:10.2143/ast.27.2.542046. ISSN 0515-0361. 2006년 6월 28일에 확인함.
“Analysis of Senate Bill 174: Hearing Aids for Children” (PDF). Revised November 19, 2004. California Health Benefits Review Program. 2004년 2월 9일. 2006년 2월 4일에 원본 문서 (PDF)에서 보존된 문서. 2006년 6월 28일에 확인함.
D'Arcy, Stephen P. (May 1989). “On Becoming An Actuary of the Third Kind” (PDF). 《Proceedings of the Casualty Actuarial Society》. LXXVI (145): 45–76. 2006년 6월 28일에 확인함.
“When the Spinning Stops: Can Actuaries Help to Sort out the Mess in Corporate Pensions?”. 《The Economist》. 2006년 1월 26일. 2006년 4월 10일에 확인함.
Feldblum, Sholom (2001) [1990]. 〈Introduction〉.   Robert F. Lowe. 《Foundations of Casualty Actuarial Science》 4판. Arlington County, Virginia: Casualty Actuarial Society. ISBN 0-9624762-2-6. LCCN 2001088378.
“History of the actuarial profession”. Faculty and Institute of Actuaries. 2004년 1월 13일. 2008년 4월 4일에 원본 문서에서 보존된 문서. 2010년 9월 26일에 확인함.
Frees, Edward W. (January 1990). “Stochastic Life Contingencies with Solvency Considerations” (PDF). 《Transactions of the Society of Actuaries》 XLII: 91–148. 2006년 1월 3일에 원본 문서 (PDF)에서 보존된 문서. 2006년 6월 28일에 확인함.
Halley, Edmond (1693). “An Estimate of the Degrees of the Mortality of Mankind, Drawn from Curious Tables of the Births and Funerals at the City of Breslaw; with an Attempt to Ascertain the Price of Annuities Upon Lives” (PDF). 《Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London》 17 (192–206): 596–610. doi:10.1098/rstl.1693.0007. ISSN 0260-7085. S2CID 186214203. 2006년 6월 21일에 확인함.
Harcourt, Bernard E. (2003). “The Shaping of Chance: Actuarial Models and Criminal Profiling at the Turn of the Twenty-First Century” (PDF). 《University of Chicago Law Review》 (The University of Chicago Law Review, Vol. 70, No. 1) 70 (105): 105–128. doi:10.2307/1600548. ISSN 0041-9494. JSTOR 1600548. 2018년 10월 2일에 확인함.
Hickman, James (2004). 〈History of Actuarial Profession〉 (PDF). 《Encyclopedia of Actuarial Science》. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 4쪽. 2006년 7월 24일에 원본 문서 (PDF)에서 보존된 문서. 2006년 6월 28일에 확인함.
Hsiao, William C. (August 2001). “Commentary: Behind the Ideology and Theory: What Is the Empirical Evidence for Medical Savings Accounts?” (PDF). 《Journal of Health Politics, Policy and Law》 26 (4): 733–737. doi:10.1215/03616878-26-4-733. PMID 11523960. S2CID 37841066. 2006년 7월 1일에 확인함.
Hsiao, William C (2004). “Harvard School of Public Health”. 2007년 3월 27일에 원본 문서 (PDF)에서 보존된 문서. 2010년 9월 27일에 확인함.
Johnston, Harold Whetstone (1932) [1903]. 〈Burial Places and Funeral Ceremonies〉. 《The Private Life of the Romans》. Revised by Mary Johnston. Chicago, Atlanta: Scott, Foresman and Company. §475–§476쪽. LCCN 32007692. 2006년 6월 26일에 확인함. Early in the Empire, associations were formed for the purpose of meeting the funeral expenses of their members, whether the remains were to be buried or cremated, or for the purpose of building columbāria, or for both....If the members had provided places for the disposal of their bodies after death, they now provided for the necessary funeral expenses by paying into the common fund weekly a small fixed sum, easily within the reach of the poorest of them. When a member died, a stated sum was drawn from the treasury for his funeral....If the purpose of the society was the building of a columbārium, the cost was first determined and the sum total divided into what we should call shares (sortēs virīlēs), each member taking as many as he could afford and paying their value into the treasury.
Lewin, Chris (2007년 6월 14일). “Actuarial History”. Institute and Faculty of Actuaries. 2011년 10월 20일에 원본 문서에서 보존된 문서. 2012년 2월 27일에 확인함.
Loan, Albert (Winter 1992). “Institutional Bases of the Spontaneous Order: Surety and Assurance”. 《Humane Studies Review》 7 (1): 538. 2006년 6월 14일에 원본 문서에서 보존된 문서. 2006년 6월 26일에 확인함.
MacGinnitie, James (November 1980). “The Actuary and his Profession: Growth, Development, Promise” (PDF). 《Proceedings of the Casualty Actuarial Society》. LXVII (127): 49–56. 2006년 7월 21일에 원본 문서 (PDF)에서 보존된 문서. 2006년 6월 28일에 확인함.
Michelbacher, Gustav F. (1920). “The Technique of Rate Making as Illustrated by the 1920 National Revision of Workmen's Compensations Insurance Rates” (PDF). 《Proceedings of the Casualty Actuarial Society》 VI (14): 201–249. 2006년 6월 28일에 확인함.
Moriarty, Charlene (2006). “The Actuary's New Clothes, A Canadian Perspective on the Financial Economics Debate”. 《American Academy of Actuaries, Contingencies Jul/Aug》. 2006년 9월 23일에 원본 문서 (PDF)에서 보존된 문서. 2006년 6월 28일에 확인함.
Needleman, Sarah E. (2010년 1월 5일). “The Best and Worst Jobs”. 《The Wall Street Journal》. 2010년 1월 7일에 확인함.
Nieto, Marcus; David, Jung (August 2006). “The Impact of Residency Restrictions on Sex Offenders and Correctional Management Practices: A Literature Review” (PDF). California Research Bureau, California State Library. 2006년 9월 23일에 원본 문서 (PDF)에서 보존된 문서. 2006년 9월 18일에 확인함.
Ogborn, M.E. (December 1956). “The Professional Name of Actuary” (PDF). 《Journal of the Institute of Actuaries》 (Faculty and Institute of Actuaries) 82 (2): 233–246. doi:10.1017/S0020268100046424. 2012년 3월 20일에 원본 문서 (PDF)에서 보존된 문서. 2011년 4월 27일에 확인함.
Perkins, Judith (1995년 8월 25일). 《The Suffering Self; Pain and Narrative Representation in the Early Christian Era》. London: Routledge. ISBN 0-415-11363-6. LCCN 94042650.
Silver, Eric; Chow-Martin, Lynette (October 2002). “A Multiple Models Approach To Assessing Recidivism Risk: Implications for Judicial Decision Making”. 《Criminal Justice and Behavior》 29 (5): 538–568. doi:10.1177/009385402236732. ISSN 0093-8548. S2CID 144800554.
Slud, Eric V. (2006) [2001]. 〈6: Commutation Functions, Reserves & Select Mortality〉 (PDF). 《Actuarial Mathematics and Life-Table Statistics》 (PDF). 149–150쪽. 2006년 6월 28일에 확인함. The Commutation Functions are a computational device to ensure that net single premiums...can all be obtained from a single table lookup. Historically, this idea has been very important in saving calculational labor when arriving at premium quotes. Even now...company employees without quantitative training could calculate premiums in a spreadsheet format with the aid of a life table.
Thucydides (1994–2009) [c. 431 BCE]. 〈VI – Funeral Oration of Pericles〉. 《History of the Peloponnesian War》. Translated by Richard Crawley. Greece. 2006년 6월 27일에 확인함. My task is now finished....those who are here interred have received part of their honours already, and for the rest, their children will be brought up till manhood at the public expense: the state thus offers a valuable prize, as the garland of victory in this race of valour, for the reward both of those who have fallen and their survivors.
Tong, Vinnee (2006년 6월 19일). “Americans' donations to charity near record”. 《Chicago Sun-Times》 (Digital Chicago Inc.). 2006년 6월 21일에 확인함.
“Actuary Overview”. 《U.S. News & World Report》. 2023. 2024년 1월 5일에 확인함.
Whelan, Shane (December 2002). “Actuaries' contributions to financial economics” (PDF). 《The Actuary》 (Staple Inn Actuarial Society). 34–35면. 2006년 7월 24일에 원본 문서 (PDF)에서 보존된 문서. 2006년 6월 28일에 확인함.