개인주의
참고 서적

박노자, 《나를 배반한 역사》 (인물과사상사, 2003)
박찬욱, 《21세기 미국의 거버넌스》 (서울대학교출판부, 2004)
1 2  "Individualism" on Encyclopædia Britannica Online
↑  Ellen Meiksins Wood. Mind and Politics: An Approach to the Meaning of Liberal and Socialist Individualism. University of California Press. 1972. ISBN 0-520-02029-4. p. 6
1 2 3  “"individualism" on The Free Dictionary”. 2019년 5월 17일에 원본 문서에서 보존된 문서. 2018년 6월 7일에 확인함.
↑  Biddle, Craig. “Individualism vs. Collectivism: Our Future, Our Choice”. 《The Objective Standard》 7 (1). 2017년 6월 12일에 원본 문서에서 보존된 문서. 2018년 6월 7일에 확인함.
↑  Hayek, F.A. (1994). 《The Road to Serfdom》. United States of America: The University of Chicago Press. 17, 37–48쪽. ISBN 0-226-32061-8.
1 2 3  L. Susan Brown. The Politics of Individualism: Liberalism, Liberal Feminism, and Anarchism. Black Rose Books Ltd. 1993
↑  Ellen Meiksins Wood. Mind and Politics: An Approach to the Meaning of Liberal and Socialist Individualism. University of California Press. 1972. ISBN 0-520-02029-4 pp. 6–7
↑  개인주의 두산백과
1 2  Claeys, Gregory (1986). “"Individualism," "Socialism," and "Social Science": Further Notes on a Process of Conceptual Formation, 1800–1850”. 《Journal of the History of Ideas》 (University of Pennsylvania Press) 47 (1): 81–93. doi:10.2307/2709596. JSTOR 2709596.
↑  Swart, Koenraad W. (1962). “"Individualism" in the Mid-Nineteenth Century (1826–1860)”. 《Journal of the History of Ideas》 (University of Pennsylvania Press) 23 (1): 77–90. doi:10.2307/2708058. JSTOR 2708058.
↑  Abbs 1986, cited in Klein 2005, pp. 26–27
↑  "The Chrysanthemum and the Sword: Patterns of Japanese Culture." Rutland, VT and Tokyo, Japan: Charles E. Tuttle Co. 1954 orig. 1946.
↑  Reese, William L. (1980). 《Dictionary of Philosophy and Religion》 1판. Atlantic Highlands, New Jersey: Humanities Press. 251쪽. ISBN 0-391-00688-6.
↑  Audi, Robert, 편집. (1999). 《The Cambridge Dictionary of Philosophy》 2판. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 424쪽. ISBN 0-521-63136-X.
↑  Jung, C. G. (1962). Symbols of Transformation: An analysis of the prelude to a case of schizophrenia (Vol. 2, R. F. C. Hull, Trans.). New York: Harper & Brothers.
↑  Jung's Individuation process 보관됨 2018-02-23 - 웨이백 머신 Retrieved on 2009-2-20
↑  Gilbert Simondon. L'individuation psychique et collective (Paris, Aubier, 1989; reprinted in 2007 with a preface by Bernard Stiegler)
↑  Bernard Stiegler: Culture and Technology 보관됨 2015-10-15 - 웨이백 머신, tate.org.uk, 13 May 2004
↑  Heath, Joseph (2015년 1월 1일).  Zalta, Edward N., 편집. 《The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy》. Metaphysics Research Lab, Stanford University  – Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy 경유.
↑  “the definition of civil libertarian”.
↑  Compass, The Political. “The Political Compass”.
↑  Ellen Meiksins Wood. Mind and Politics: An Approach to the Meaning of Liberal and Socialist Individualism. University of California Press. 1972. ISBN 0-520-02029-4. p. 7
↑  The Ancient Chinese Super State of Primary Societies: Taoist Philosophy for the 21st Century, You-Sheng Li, June 2010, p. 300
↑  Marcus Aurelius, Meditations, Oxford University Press, 2008, ISBN 978-0-19-954059-4.
↑  John C. Goodman, “Classical Liberalism vs Modern Liberalism and Modern Conservatism”. 2018년 6월 12일에 원본 문서에서 보존된 문서. 2018년 6월 7일에 확인함.
↑  Locke, John (1690). 《Two Treatises of Government (10th edition)》. Project Gutenberg. 2009년 1월 21일에 확인함.
↑  Paul E. Sigmund, editor, The Selected Political Writings of John Locke, Norton, 2003, ISBN 0-393-96451-5 p. iv "(Locke's thoughts) underlie many of the fundamental political ideas of American liberal constitutional democracy...", "At the time Locke wrote, his principles were accepted in theory by a few and in practice by none."
↑  Thomas Jefferson, Declaration of Independence, July 4, 1776.
↑  John Gray, Two Faces of Liberalism, The New Press, 2008, ISBN 978-1-56584-678-4
↑  
Malatesta, Errico. “Towards Anarchism”. 《MAN!》 (Los Angeles: International Group of San Francisco). OCLC 3930443. 2012년 11월 7일에 원본 문서에서 보존된 문서. 
Agrell, Siri (2007년 5월 14일). “Working for The Man”. 《The Globe and Mail》. 2007년 5월 16일에 원본 문서에서 보존된 문서. 2008년 4월 14일에 확인함. 
“Anarchism”. 《Encyclopædia Britannica》. Encyclopædia Britannica Premium Service. 2006. 2006년 12월 14일에 원본 문서에서 보존된 문서. 2006년 8월 29일에 확인함. 
“Anarchism”. 《The Shorter Routledge Encyclopedia of Philosophy》: 14. 2005. Anarchism is the view that a society without the state, or government, is both possible and desirable. 
The following sources cite anarchism as a political philosophy:
Mclaughlin, Paul (2007). 《Anarchism and Authority》. Aldershot: Ashgate. 59쪽. ISBN 0-7546-6196-2. 
Johnston, R. (2000). 《The Dictionary of Human Geography》. Cambridge: Blackwell Publishers. 24쪽. ISBN 0-631-20561-6.
↑  Slevin, Carl. "Anarchism." The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Politics. Ed. Iain McLean and Alistair McMillan. Oxford University Press, 2003.
↑  "ANARCHISM, a social philosophy that rejects authoritarian government and maintains that voluntary institutions are best suited to express man's natural social tendencies." George Woodcock. "Anarchism" at The Encyclopedia of Philosophy
↑  "In a society developed on these lines, the voluntary associations which already now begin to cover all the fields of human activity would take a still greater extension so as to substitute themselves for the state in all its functions." Peter Kropotkin. "Anarchism" from the Encyclopædia Britannica 보관됨 2012-01-06 - 웨이백 머신
↑  "Anarchism." The Shorter Routledge Encyclopedia of Philosophy. 2005. p. 14 "Anarchism is the view that a society without the state, or government, is both possible and desirable."
↑  Sheehan, Sean. Anarchism, London: Reaktion Books Ltd., 2004. p. 85
↑  "Anarchists do reject the state, as we will see. But to claim that this central aspect of anarchism is definitive is to sell anarchism short."Anarchism and Authority: A Philosophical Introduction to Classical Anarchism by Paul McLaughlin. AshGate. 2007. p. 28
1 2  "The IAF - IFA fights for : the abolition of all forms of authority whether economical, political, social, religious, cultural or sexual.""Principles of The [[International of Anarchist Federations 보관됨 2012-01-05 - 웨이백 머신]"]
↑  "Authority is defined in terms of the right to exercise social control (as explored in the "sociology of power") and the correlative duty to obey (as explored in the "philosophy of practical reason"). Anarchism is distinguished, philosophically, by its scepticism towards such moral relations – by its questioning of the claims made for such normative power – and, practically, by its challenge to those "authoritative" powers which cannot justify their claims and which are therefore deemed illegitimate or without moral foundation."Anarchism and Authority: A Philosophical Introduction to Classical Anarchism by Paul McLaughlin. AshGate. 2007. p. 1
↑  "Anarchism, then, really stands for the liberation of the human mind from the dominion of religion; the liberation of the human body from the dominion of property; liberation from the shackles and restraint of government. Anarchism stands for a social order based on the free grouping of individuals for the purpose of producing real social wealth; an order that will guarantee to every human being free access to the earth and full enjoyment of the necessities of life, according to individual desires, tastes, and inclinations." Emma Goldman. "What it Really Stands for Anarchy" in Anarchism and Other Essays.
↑  Individualist anarchist Benjamin Tucker defined anarchism as opposition to authority as follows "They found that they must turn either to the right or to the left, – follow either the path of Authority or the path of Liberty. Marx went one way; Warren and Proudhon the other. Thus were born State Socialism and Anarchism ... Authority, takes many shapes, but, broadly speaking, her enemies divide themselves into three classes: first, those who abhor her both as a means and as an end of progress, opposing her openly, avowedly, sincerely, consistently, universally; second, those who profess to believe in her as a means of progress, but who accept her only so far as they think she will subserve their own selfish interests, denying her and her blessings to the rest of the world; third, those who distrust her as a means of progress, believing in her only as an end to be obtained by first trampling upon, violating, and outraging her. These three phases of opposition to Liberty are met in almost every sphere of thought and human activity. Good representatives of the first are seen in the Catholic Church and the Russian autocracy; of the second, in the Protestant Church and the Manchester school of politics and political economy; of the third, in the atheism of Gambetta and the socialism of Karl Marx." Benjamin Tucker. Individual Liberty.
1 2  Ward, Colin (1966). “Anarchism as a Theory of Organization”. 2010년 3월 25일에 원본 문서에서 보존된 문서. 2010년 3월 1일에 확인함.
↑  Anarchist historian George Woodcock report of Mikhail Bakunin's anti-authoritarianism and shows opposition to both state and non-state forms of authority as follows: "All anarchists deny authority; many of them fight against it." (p. 9) ... Bakunin did not convert the League's central committee to his full program, but he did persuade them to accept a remarkably radical recommendation to the Berne Congress of September 1868, demanding economic equality and implicitly attacking authority in both Church and State."
↑  Brown, L. Susan (2002). 〈Anarchism as a Political Philosophy of Existential Individualism: Implications for Feminism〉. 《The Politics of Individualism: Liberalism, Liberal Feminism and Anarchism》. Black Rose Books Ltd. Publishing. 106쪽.
↑  “Anarchy and Organization: The Debate at the 1907 International Anarchist Congress - The Anarchist Library”.
↑  "What do I mean by individualism?
I mean by individualism the moral doctrine which, relying on no dogma, no tradition, no external determination, appeals only to the individual conscience."Mini-Manual of Individualism by Han Ryner
↑  "I do not admit anything except the existence of the individual, as a condition of his sovereignty. To say that the sovereignty of the individual is conditioned by Liberty is simply another way of saying that it is conditioned by itself." "Anarchism and the State" in Individual Liberty
↑  Everhart, Robert B. The Public School Monopoly: A Critical Analysis of Education and the State in American Society. Pacific Institute for Public Policy Research, 1982. p. 115.
1 2  Philip, Mark (2006년 5월 20일). 〈William Godwin〉.   Zalta, Edward N.; Nodelman, Uri. 《Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy》 (영어).
↑  Adams, Ian. Political Ideology Today. Manchester University Press, 2001. p. 116.
↑  Godwin, William (1796) [1793]. 《Enquiry Concerning Political Justice and its Influence on Modern Morals and Manners》. G.G. and J. Robinson. OCLC 2340417.
↑  Goodway, David. Anarchist Seeds Beneath the Snow. Liverpool University Press, 2006, p. 99.
1 2 3  Leopold, David (2006년 8월 4일). 〈Max Stirner〉.   Zalta, Edward N.; Nodelman, Uri. 《Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy》 (영어).
1 2  The Encyclopedia Americana: A Library of Universal Knowledge. Encyclopedia Corporation. p. 176.
1 2  Miller, David. "Anarchism." 1987. The Blackwell Encyclopaedia of Political Thought. Blackwell Publishing. p. 11.
↑  "What my might reaches is my property; and let me claim as property everything I feel myself strong enough to attain, and let me extend my actual property as fas as I entitle, that is, empower myself to take..." In Ossar, Michael. 1980. Anarchism in the Dramas of Ernst Toller. SUNY Press. p. 27.
↑  Nyberg, Svein Olav. "The union of egoists" (PDF). Non Serviam. Oslo, Norway: Svein Olav Nyberg. 1: 13–14. OCLC 47758413. Archived from the original (PDF) on 7 December 2012. Retrieved 1 September 2012
↑  Thomas, Paul (1985). Karl Marx and the Anarchists. London: Routledge/Kegan Paul. p. 142. ISBN 0-7102-0685-2.
1 2  Carlson, Andrew (1972). 〈Philosophical Egoism: German Antecedents〉. 《Anarchism in Germany》. Metuchen: Scarecrow Press. ISBN 0-8108-0484-0. 2008년 12월 10일에 원본 문서에서 보존된 문서. 2008년 12월 4일에 확인함.
↑  Palmer, Brian (2010-12-29) What do anarchists want from us?, Slate.com
↑  William Bailie, “Archived copy” (PDF). 2012년 2월 4일에 원본 문서 (PDF)에서 보존된 문서. 2013년 6월 17일에 확인함.  Josiah Warren: The First American Anarchist — A Sociological Study, Boston: Small, Maynard & Co., 1906, p. 20
↑  Native American Anarchism: A Study of Left-Wing American Individualism by Eunice Minette Schuster 보관됨 2월 14, 2016 - 웨이백 머신
↑  "Paralelamente, al otro lado del atlántico, en el diferente contexto de una nación a medio hacer, los Estados Unidos, otros filósofos elaboraron un pensamiento individualista similar, aunque con sus propias especificidades. Henry David Thoreau (1817–1862), uno de los escritores próximos al movimiento de la filosofía trascendentalista, es uno de los más conocidos. Su obra más representativa es Walden, aparecida en 1854, aunque redactada entre 1845 y 1847, cuando Thoreau decide instalarse en el aislamiento de una cabaña en el bosque, y vivir en íntimo contacto con la naturaleza, en una vida de soledad y sobriedad. De esta experiencia, su filosofía trata de transmitirnos la idea que resulta necesario un retorno respetuoso a la naturaleza, y que la felicidad es sobre todo fruto de la riqueza interior y de la armonía de los individuos con el entorno natural. Muchos han visto en Thoreau a uno de los precursores del ecologismo y del anarquismo primitivista representado en la actualidad por Jonh Zerzan. Para George Woodcock, esta actitud puede estar también motivada por una cierta idea de resistencia al progreso y de rechazo al materialismo creciente que caracteriza la sociedad norteamericana de mediados de siglo XIX.""Voluntary non-submission. Spanish individualist anarchism during dictatorship and the second republic (1923–1938)" 보관됨 7월 23, 2011 - 웨이백 머신
↑  “2. Individualist Anarchism and Reaction”.
↑  “The Free Love Movement and Radical Individualism, By Wendy McElroy”. 2011년 6월 14일에 원본 문서에서 보존된 문서. 2018년 6월 7일에 확인함.
↑  "La insumisión voluntaria: El anarquismo individualista español durante la Dictadura y la Segunda República (1923–1938)" by Xavier Díez 보관됨 7월 23, 2011 - 웨이백 머신
↑  "Los anarco-individualistas, G.I.A...Una escisión de la FAI producida en el IX Congreso (Carrara, 1965) se pr odujo cuando un sector de anarquistas de tendencia humanista rechazan la interpretación que ellos juzgan disciplinaria del pacto asociativo" clásico, y crean los GIA (Gruppi di Iniziativa Anarchica) . Esta pequeña federación de grupos, hoy nutrida sobre todo de veteranos anarco-individualistas de orientación pacifista, naturista, etcétera defiende la autonomía personal y rechaza a rajatabla toda forma de intervención en los procesos del sistema, como sería por ejemplo el sindicalismo. Su portavoz es L'Internazionale con sede en Ancona. La escisión de los GIA prefiguraba, en sentido contrario, el gran debate que pronto había de comenzar en el seno del movimiento""El movimiento libertario en Italia" by Bicicleta. REVISTA DE COMUNICACIONES LIBERTARIAS Year 1 No. Noviembre, 1 1977 보관됨 10월 12, 2013 - 웨이백 머신
↑  "Proliferarán así diversos grupos que practicarán el excursionismo, el naturismo, el nudismo, la emancipación sexual o el esperantismo, alrededor de asociaciones informales vinculadas de una manera o de otra al anarquismo. Precisamente las limitaciones a las asociaciones obreras impuestas desde la legislación especial de la Dictadura potenciarán indirectamente esta especie de asociacionismo informal en que confluirá el movimiento anarquista con esta heterogeneidad de prácticas y tendencias. Uno de los grupos más destacados, que será el impulsor de la revista individualista Ética será el Ateneo Naturista Ecléctico, con sede en Barcelona, con sus diferentes secciones la más destacada de las cuales será el grupo excursionista Sol y Vida.""La insumisión voluntaria: El anarquismo individualista español durante la Dictadura y la Segunda República (1923–1938)" by Xavier Díez 보관됨 7월 23, 2011 - 웨이백 머신
↑  "Les anarchistes individualistes du début du siècle l'avaient bien compris, et intégraient le naturisme dans leurs préoccupations. Il est vraiment dommage que ce discours se soit peu à peu effacé, d'antan plus que nous assistons, en ce moment, à un retour en force du puritanisme (conservateur par essence).""Anarchisme et naturisme, aujourd'hui." by Cathy Ytak 보관됨 2월 25, 2009 - 웨이백 머신
↑  anne (2014년 7월 30일). “Culture of Individualist Anarchism in Late 19th Century America” (PDF).
↑  The "Illegalists" 보관됨 9월 8, 2015 - 웨이백 머신, by Doug Imrie (published by Anarchy: A Journal of Desire Armed)
↑  Parry, Richard. The Bonnot Gang. Rebel Press, 1987. p. 15
↑  “Oscar Wilde essay The soul of man under Socialism”. 2013년 9월 14일에 원본 문서에서 보존된 문서.
↑  George Woodcock. Anarchism: A History of Libertarian Ideas and Movements. 1962. (p. 447)
↑  Sanders, Steven M. Is egoism morally defensible? Philosophia. Springer Netherlands. Volume 18, Numbers 2–3 / July 1988
↑  Rachels 2008, p. 534.
↑  Nyberg, Svein Olav. “The union of egoists” (PDF). 《Non Serviam》 (Oslo, Norway: Svein Olav Nyberg) 1: 13–14. OCLC 47758413. 7 December 2012에 원본 문서 (PDF)에서 보존된 문서. 1 September 2012에 확인함.
↑  Thomas, Paul (1985). 《Karl Marx and the Anarchists》. London: Routledge/Kegan Paul. 142쪽. ISBN 0-7102-0685-2.
↑  “Egoism - The Anarchist Library”.
↑  O. Ewald, "German Philosophy in 1907", in The Philosophical Review, Vol. 17, No. 4, Jul., 1908, pp. 400–26; T. A. Riley, "Anti-Statism in German Literature, as Exemplified by the Work of John Henry Mackay", in PMLA, Vol. 62, No. 3, Sep. 1947, pp. 828–43; C. E. Forth, "Nietzsche, Decadence, and Regeneration in France, 1891–95", in Journal of the History of Ideas, Vol. 54, No. 1, Jan., 1993, pp. 97–117; see also Robert C. Holub's Nietzsche: Socialist, Anarchist, Feminist, an essay available online at the University of California, Berkeley website.
↑  Macquarrie, John. Existentialism, New York (1972), pp. 18–21.
↑  Oxford Companion to Philosophy, ed. Ted Honderich, New York (1995), p. 259.
↑  Macquarrie. Existentialism, pp. 14–15.
↑  Cooper, D. E. Existentialism: A Reconstruction (Basil Blackwell, 1999, p. 8)
↑  Marino, Gordon. Basic Writings of Existentialism (Modern Library, 2004, pp. ix, 3).
↑  Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/kierkegaard/
↑  Watts, Michael. Kierkegaard (Oneworld, 2003, pp. 4–6).
↑  Lowrie, Walter. Kierkegaard's attack upon "Christendom" (Princeton, 1968, pp. 37–40)
↑  Corrigan, John. The Oxford handbook of religion and emotion (Oxford, 2008, pp. 387–88)
↑  Livingston, James et al. Modern Christian Thought: The Twentieth Century (Fortress Press, 2006, Chapter 5: Christian Existentialism).
↑  Martin, Clancy. Religious Existentialism in Companion to Phenomenology and Existentialism (Blackwell, 2006, pp. 188–205)
↑  Robert C. Solomon, Existentialism (McGraw-Hill, 1974, pp. 1–2)
↑  D.E. Cooper Existentialism: A Reconstruction (Basil Blackwell, 1999, p. 8).
↑  Ernst Breisach, Introduction to Modern Existentialism, New York (1962), p. 5
↑  Walter Kaufmann, Existentialism: From Dostoevesky to Sartre, New York (1956), p. 12
↑  Hastings, James. Encyclopedia of Religion
↑  《Compact Oxford English Dictionary》. Oxford University Press. 2007. humanism n. 1 a rationalistic system of thought attaching prime importance to human rather than divine or supernatural matters. 2 a Renaissance cultural movement that turned away from medieval scholasticism and revived interest in ancient Greek and Roman thought.  Typically, abridgments of this definition omit all senses except #1, such as in the Cambridge Advanced Learner's Dictionary 보관됨 2003-12-30 - 웨이백 머신, Collins Essential English Dictionary, and 《Webster's Concise Dictionary》. New York: RHR Press. 2001. 177쪽.
↑  “Definitions of humanism (subsection)”. Institute for Humanist Studies. 2007년 1월 18일에 원본 문서에서 보존된 문서. 16 Jan 2007에 확인함.
↑  Edwords, Fred (1989). “What Is Humanism?”. American Humanist Association. 30 January 2010에 원본 문서에서 보존된 문서. 19 August 2009에 확인함. Secular and Religious Humanists both share the same worldview and the same basic principles... From the standpoint of philosophy alone, there is no difference between the two. It is only in the definition of religion and in the practice of the philosophy that Religious and Secular Humanists effectively disagree.
↑  Moore, Andrew (2013년 1월 1일).  Zalta, Edward N., 편집. 《The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy》. Metaphysics Research Lab, Stanford University  – Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy 경유.
↑  “libertine” – The Free Dictionary 경유.
↑  “WordNet Search - 3.1”.
↑  René Pintard (2000). 《Le Libertinage érudit dans la première moitié du XVIIe siècle》. Slatkine. 11쪽. ISBN 978-2-05-101818-0. 2012년 7월 24일에 확인함.
↑  Amesbury, Richard (2016년 1월 1일).  Zalta, Edward N., 편집. 《The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy》. Metaphysics Research Lab, Stanford University  – Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy 경유.
↑  A Martyr to Sin
↑  "About the Author" in Rand 1992, 1170–71쪽 괄호 없는 하버드 인용 error: 대상 없음: CITEREFRand1992 (help)
↑  Wayne Gabardi, review of Anarchism by David Miller, published in American Political Science Review Vol. 80, No. 1. (Mar., 1986), pp. 300—02.
↑  According to scholar Allan Antliff, Benjamin Tucker coined the term "philosophical anarchism," to distinguish peaceful evolutionary anarchism from revolutionary variants. Antliff, Allan. 2001. Anarchist Modernism: Art, Politics, and the First American Avant-Garde. University of Chicago Press. p. 4
↑  Hudelson, Richard (1999년 1월 1일). “Modern Political Philosophy”. M.E. Sharpe  – Google Books 경유.
↑  David Conway. Classical Liberalism: The Unvanquished Ideal. Palgrave Macmillan. 1998. ISBN 978-0-312-21932-1 p. 8
↑  Kevin Carson. Organization Theory: A Libertarian Perspective. BOOKSURGE. 2008. p. 1
↑  Mutualist.org Introduction
↑  Miller, David. 1987. "Mutualism." The Blackwell Encyclopedia of Political Thought. Blackwell Publishing. p. 11
↑  Tandy, Francis D., 1896, Voluntary Socialism, chapter 6, paragraph 15.
↑  "...preferring a system of popular self governance via networks of decentralized, local, voluntary, participatory, cooperative associations-sometimes as a complement to and check on state power..."
↑  Rocker, Rudolf (2004). 《Anarcho-Syndicalism: Theory and Practice》. AK Press. 65쪽. ISBN 978-1-902593-92-0.
↑  “The Soviet Union Versus Socialism”. 《chomsky.info》. 2015년 11월 22일에 확인함. Libertarian socialism, furthermore, does not limit its aims to democratic control by producers over production, but seeks to abolish all forms of domination and hierarchy in every aspect of social and personal life, an unending struggle, since progress in achieving a more just society will lead to new insight and understanding of forms of oppression that may be concealed in traditional practice and consciousness.
↑  "Authority is defined in terms of the right to exercise social control (as explored in the "sociology of power") and the correlative duty to obey (as explred in the "philosophy of practical reason"). Anarchism is distinguished, philosophically, by its scepticism towards such moral relations – by its questioning of the claims made for such normative power – and, practically, by its challenge to those "authoritative" powers which cannot justify their claims and which are therefore deemed illegitimate or without moral foundation."Anarchism and Authority: A Philosophical Introduction to Classical Anarchism by Paul McLaughlin. AshGate. 2007. p. 1
↑  "Anarchism, then, really stands for the liberation of the human mind from the dominion of religion; the liberation of the human body from the dominion of property; liberation from the shackles and restraint of government. Anarchism stands for a social order based on the free grouping of individuals for the purpose of producing real social wealth; an order that will guarantee to every human being free access to the earth and full enjoyment of the necessities of life, according to individual desires, tastes, and inclinations." Emma Goldman. "What it Really Stands for Anarchy" in Anarchism and Other Essays.
↑  Individualist anarchist Benjamin Tucker defined anarchism as opposition to authority as follows "They found that they must turn either to the right or to the left, — follow either the path of Authority or the path of Liberty. Marx went one way; Warren and Proudhon the other. Thus were born State Socialism and Anarchism...Authority, takes many shapes, but, broadly speaking, her enemies divide themselves into three classes: first, those who abhor her both as a means and as an end of progress, opposing her openly, avowedly, sincerely, consistently, universally; second, those who profess to believe in her as a means of progress, but who accept her only so far as they think she will subserve their own selfish interests, denying her and her blessings to the rest of the world; third, those who distrust her as a means of progress, believing in her only as an end to be obtained by first trampling upon, violating, and outraging her. These three phases of opposition to Liberty are met in almost every sphere of thought and human activity. Good representatives of the first are seen in the Catholic Church and the Russian autocracy; of the second, in the Protestant Church and the Manchester school of politics and political economy; of the third, in the atheism of Gambetta and the socialism of Karl Marx." Benjamin Tucker. Individual Liberty.
↑  Anarchist historian George Woodcock report of Mikhail Bakunin's anti-authoritarianism and shows opposition to both state and non-state forms of authority as follows: "All anarchists deny authority; many of them fight against it." (p. 9)...Bakunin did not convert the League's central committee to his full program, but he did persuade them to accept a remarkably radical recommendation to the Berne Congress of September 1868, demanding economic equality and implicitly attacking authority in both Church and State."
↑  Brown, L. Susan (2002). 〈Anarchism as a Political Philosophy of Existential Individualism: Implications for Feminism〉. 《The Politics of Individualism: Liberalism, Liberal Feminism and Anarchism》. Black Rose Books Ltd. Publishing. 106쪽.
↑  "LibSoc share with LibCap an aversion to any interference to freedom of thought, expression or choicce of lifestyle." Roderick T. Long. "Toward a libertarian theory of class." Social Philosophy and Policy. Volume 15. Issue 02. Summer 1998. pp 305
↑  "What is implied by the term 'libertarian socialism'?: The idea that socialism is first and foremost about freedom and therefore about overcoming the domination, repression, and alienation that block the free flow of human creativity, thought, and action...An approach to socialism that incorporates cultural revolution, women's and children's liberation, and the critique and transformation of daily life, as well as the more traditional concerns of socialist politics. A politics that is completely revolutionary because it seeks to transform all of reality. We do not think that capturing the economy and the state lead automatically to the transformation of the rest of social being, nor do we equate liberation with changing our life-styles and our heads. Capitalism is a total system that invades all areas of life: socialism must be the overcoming of capitalist reality in its entirety, or it is nothing." "What is Libertarian Socialism?" by Ulli Diemer. Volume 2, Number 1 (Summer 1997 issue) of The Red Menace.
↑  Sims, Franwa (2006). 《The Anacostia Diaries As It Is》. Lulu Press. 160쪽.
↑  “A Mutualist FAQ: A.4. Are Mutualists Socialists?”. 2009년 6월 9일에 원본 문서에서 보존된 문서. 2010년 4월 29일에 확인함.
↑  "It is by meeting such a twofold requirement that the libertarian socialism of G.D.H. Cole could be said to offer timely and sustainable avenues for the institutionalization of the liberal value of autonomy..." Charles Masquelier. Critical theory and libertarian socialism: Realizing the political potential of critical social theory. Bloombury. New York-London. 2014. pg. 190
↑  "Councilism and anarchism loosely merged into ‘libertarian socialism’, offering a non-dogmatic path by which both council communism and anarchism could be updated for the changed conditions of the time, and for the new forms of proletarian resistance to these new conditions." Toby Boraman. "Carnival and Class: Anarchism and Councilism in Australasia during the 1970s" in Alex Prichard, Ruth Kinna, Saku Pinta and Dave Berry (eds). Libertarian Socialism: Politics in Black and Red. Palgrave Macmillan, December 2012. pg. 268.
↑  Murray Bookchin, Ghost of Anarcho-Syndicalism; Robert Graham, The General Idea of Proudhon's Revolution
↑  Kent Bromley, in his preface to Peter Kropotkin's book The Conquest of Bread, considered early French utopian socialist Charles Fourier to be the founder of the libertarian branch of socialist thought, as opposed to the authoritarian socialist ideas of Babeuf and Buonarroti." Kropotkin, Peter. The Conquest of Bread, preface by Kent Bromley, New York and London, G. P. Putnam's Sons, 1906.
↑  "(Benjamin) Tucker referred to himself many times as a socialist and considered his philosophy to be "Anarchistic socialism." An Anarchist FAQ by Various Authors
↑  French individualist anarchist Émile Armand shows clearly opposition to capitalism and centralized economies when he said that the individualist anarchist "inwardly he remains refractory – fatally refractory – morally, intellectually, economically (The capitalist economy and the directed economy, the speculators and the fabricators of single are equally repugnant to him.)""Anarchist Individualism as a Life and Activity" by Emile Armand
↑  Anarchist Peter Sabatini reports that In the United States "of early to mid-19th century, there appeared an array of communal and "utopian" counterculture groups (including the so-called free love movement). William Godwin's anarchism exerted an ideological influence on some of this, but more so the socialism of Robert Owen and Charles Fourier. After success of his British venture, Owen himself established a cooperative community within the United States at New Harmony, Indiana during 1825. One member of this commune was Josiah Warren (1798–1874), considered to be the first individualist anarchist"Peter Sabatini. "Libertarianism: Bogus Anarchy"