코나투스
참조문헌

Allison, Henry E. (1975), 《Benedict de Spinoza》, San Diego: Twayne Publishers, ISBN 0-8057-2853-8
Arthur, Richard (1994), “Space and relativity in Newton and Leibniz”, 《The British Journal for the Philosophy of Science》 45 (1): 219–240, doi:10.1093/bjps/45.1.219, Thomson Gale Document Number:A16109468
Arthur, Richard (1998), “Cohesion, Division and Harmony: Physical Aspects of Leibniz's Continuum Problem (1671–1686)”, 《Perspectives on Science》 6 (1): 110–135, Thomson Gale Document Number:A54601187
Bidney, David (1962), 《The Psychology and Ethics of Spinoza: A Study in the History and Logic of Ideas》, New York: Russell & Russell
Blackwell, Richard J. (1966), “Descartes' Laws of Motion”, 《Isis》 57 (2): 220–234, doi:10.1086/350115
Carlin, Lawrence (2004), “Leibniz on Conatus, Causation, and Freedom”, 《Pacific Philosophical Quarterly》 85 (4): 365–379, doi:10.1111/j.1468-0114.2004.00205.x
Damasio, Antonio R. (2003), 《Looking for Spinoza: Joy, Sorrow, and the Feeling》, Florida: Harcourt, ISBN 0-15-100557-5
DeBrabander, Firmin (2007년 3월 15일), 《Spinoza and the Stoics: Power, Politics and the Passions》, London; New York: Continuum International Publishing Group, ISBN 0-8264-9393-9
Duchesneau, Francois (1998), “Leibniz's Theoretical Shift in the Phoranomus and Dynamica de Potentia”, 《Perspectives on Science》 6 (2): 77–109, Thomson Gale Document Number: A54601186
Duff, Robert Alexander (1903), 《Spinoza's Political and Ethical Philosophy》, J. Maclehose and Sons, 2007년 3월 19일에 확인함
Durant, Will; Durant, Ariel (1963), 〈XXII: Spinoza: 1632–77〉, 《The Story of Civilization》 8, New York: Simon & Schuster, 2007년 3월 29일에 확인함
Dutton, Blake D. (2006), 〈Benedict De Spinoza〉, 《The Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy》, 2007년 1월 15일에 확인함
Garber, D. (1992), 《Descartes' Metaphysical Physics》, Chicago: University of Chicago Press, ISBN 0-226-28217-1
Gillespie, Charles S. (1971), “Leibniz, Gottfried Wilhelm”, 《Dictionary of Scientific Biography》 (New York), 2007년 3월 27일에 확인함
Goukroger, S. (1980), 《Descartes: Philosophy, Mathematics and Physics》, Sussex: Harvester Press., ISBN 0-389-20084-0
Goulding, Jay (2005),  Horowitz, Maryanne, 편집., “Society”, 《New Dictionary of the History of Ideas》 (Detroit: Charles Scribner's Sons) 5, Thomson Gale Document Number:CX3424300736
Grant, Edward (1964), “Motion in the Void and the Principle of Inertia in the Middle Ages”, 《Isis》 55 (3): 265–292, doi:10.1086/349862
Grant, Edward (1981), 《Much Ado About Nothing: Theories of Space and Vacuum from the Middle Ages to the Scientific Revolution》, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, ISBN 0-521-22983-9
Gueroult, Martial (1980), 〈The Metaphysics and Physics of Force in Descartes〉,   Stephen Gaukroger, 《Descartes: Philosophy, Mathematics and Physics》, Sussex: Harvester Press
Hobbes, Thomas (1998), 《De Corpore》, New York: Oxford Publishing Company, ISBN 0-19-283682-X
Jarrett, C. (1991), “Spinoza's Denial of Mind-Body Interaction and the Explanation of Human Action”, 《The Southern Journal of Philosophy》 29 (4): 465–486, doi:10.1111/j.2041-6962.1991.tb00604.x
Jesseph, Doug (2006), “Hobbesian Mechanics” (PDF), 《Oxford Studies in Early Modern Philosophy》 3, ISBN 978-0-19-920394-9, 2006년 11월 7일에 원본 문서 (PDF)에서 보존된 문서, 2007년 3월 10일에 확인함
Kollerstrom, Nicholas (1999), “The Path of Halley's Comet, and Newton's Late Apprehension of the Law of Gravity”, 《Annals of Science》 59 (4): 331–356, doi:10.1080/000337999296328, 2009년 3월 18일에 확인함
Lachterman, D. (1978),  Robert Shahan; J.I. Biro., 편집., 《The Physics of Spinoza's Ethics in Spinoza: New Perspectives》, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press
Landucci, Sergio (2004), 〈Vico, Giambattista〉,   Gianni Vattimo, 《Enciclopedia Garzantine della Filosofia》, Milan: Garzanti Editore, ISBN 88-11-50515-1
Leaman, Olivier (1997), 《Averroes and his philosophy》, Richmond, Surrey: Curzon Press, ISBN 0-7007-0675-5
LeBuffe, Michael (2006년 3월 20일), 〈Spinoza's Psychological Theory〉, 《Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy》, Edward N. Zalta (ed.), 2007년 1월 15일에 확인함
Leibniz, Gottfried Wilhelm, Freiherr von (1988년 12월 31일), 〈Exposition and Defence of the New System〉,   Morris, Mary, M.A., 《Leibniz: Philosophical Writings》, J.M. Dent & Sons, 136쪽, ISBN 0-460-87045-9
Leibniz, Gottfried Wilhelm, Freiherr von (1989),  Ariew, Roger; Garber, Daniel, 편집., 《Philosophical essays》, Indianapolis: Hackett Pub. Co., ISBN 0-87220-063-9
Lin, Martin (2004), “Spinoza's Metaphysics of Desire: IIIP6D” (PDF), 《Archiv für Geschichte der Philosophie》 86 (1): 21–55, doi:10.1515/agph.2004.003, 2007년 3월 10일에 확인함 [깨진 링크(과거 내용 찾기)]
Mathews, Freya (1991), 《The Ecological Self》, Routledge, ISBN 0-415-10797-0
Morgan, Michael L. (2006), 《The Essential Spinoza》, Indianapolis/Cambridge: Hackett Publishing Company, Inc., ix쪽, ISBN 0-87220-803-6
Osler, Margaret J. (2001), “Whose ends? Teleology in early modern natural philosophy”, 《Osiris》 16 (1): 151–168, doi:10.1086/649343, Thomson Gale Document Number:A80401149
Pietarinen, Juhani (2000년 8월 8일), 〈Hobbes, Conatus and the Prisoner's Dilemma〉, 《Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy》, Boston University, 2007년 1월 15일에 확인함
Polt, Richard (1996), “German Ideology: From France to Germany and Back”, 《The Review of Metaphysics》 49 (3), Thomson Gale Document Number:A18262679
Rabenort, William Louis (1911), 《Spinoza as Educator》, New York City: Teachers College, Columbia University
Sabra, A. I. (1994), 《The astronomical origin of Ibn al-Haytham’s concept of experiment》, Paris: Aldershot Variorum, ISBN 0-86078-435-5
Salam, Abdus (1984),  Lai, C. H., 편집., 《Ideals and Realities: Selected Essays of Abdus Salam》, Singapore: World Scientific
Sandywell, Barry (1996), 《Reflexivity and the Crisis of Western Reason》, 1: Logological Investigations, London and New York: Routledge, 144–5쪽, ISBN 0-415-08756-2
Sayili, A. (1987), “Ibn Sīnā and Buridan on the Motion of the Projectile”, 《Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences》 500 (1): 477, Bibcode:1987NYASA.500..477S, doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1987.tb37219.x
Scheler, Max (2008), 《The Constitution of the Human Being》, John Cutting, Milwaukee: Marquette University Press, 430쪽
Schmitter, Amy M. (2006), 〈Hobbes on the Emotions〉, 《Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy》, 2006년 3월 4일에 확인함
Schopenhauer, Arthur (1958),  Payne, E.F.J., 편집., 《The World as Will and Representation》 1, Clinton, Massachusetts: The Colonial Press Inc.
Schrift, Alan D. (2006), 《Twentieth-Century French Philosophy: Key Themes and Thinkers》, Blackwell Publishing, ISBN 978-1-4051-3218-3
Sorabji, Richard (1988), 《Matter, Space, and Motion: Theories in Antiquity and their Sequel》, London: Duckworth
Spinoza, Baruch (2005),  Curley, Edmund, 편집., 《Ethics》, New York: Penguin Classics, 144–146쪽, ISBN 0-14-043571-9
Traupman, John C. (1966), 《The New Collegiate Latin & English Dictionary》, New York: Bantam Books, ISBN 0-553-25329-8
Vico, Giambattista (1710),  L.M. Palmer, 편집., 《De antiquissima Italiorum sapientia ex linguae originibus eruenda librir tres》, Ithaca: Cornell University Press
Wolfson, Harry Austryn (1934), 《The Philosophy of Spinoza》, Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press, ISBN 0-674-66595-3
Ziemke, Tom (2007),  Chella, A.; Manzotti, R., 편집., “What’s life got to do with it?”, 《Artificial Consciousness》 (Exeter, UK: Imprint Academic), 2007년 5월 27일에 확인함
마르쿠스 툴리우스 키케로
르네 데카르트
토마스 홉스
바뤼흐 스피노자
고트프리트 빌헬름 라이프니츠
프리드리히 니체