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↑  Thomas M. Leonard (2006). Encyclopedia of the Developing World: Index. A-E. Taylor & Francis. p. 771. ISBN 978-0-415-97662-6. Retrieved 14 November 2012.
↑  Clapham, Human Rights (2007), p. 27.
↑  Clapham, Human Rights (2007), p. 27.
↑  Neier, The International Human Rights Movement (2012), pp. 7–9.
1 2 3  Normand and Zaidi, Human Rights at the UN (2008), pp. 40–43.
↑  Normand and Zaidi, Human Rights at the UN (2008), pp. 56–57.
↑  Normand and Zaidi, Human Rights at the UN (2008), p. 57.
↑  Mark Twain, King Leopold's Soliloquy, quoted in: Bruce Michelson, Printer's Devil: Mark Twain and the American Publishing Revolution, University of California Press, ISBN 9780520247598, p. 202.
↑  Sharon Sliwinski, "The Childhood of Human Rights: The Kodak on the Congo Archived 2015-02-05 at the Wayback Machine", Journal of Visual Culture 5(3), 2006.
↑  Von Eschen, Race Against Empire (1997), pp. 1–2.
↑  John David Skretny, "The effect of the Cold War on African-American civil rights: America and the world audience, 1945–1968", Theory and Society 27(2), 1998.
1 2 3 4 5  Von Eschen, Race Against Empire (1997), pp. 10–11. "The Italian invasion of Ethiopia in 1935 marked an especially critical moment in the articulation of diaspora thought and politics. Paul Robeson claimed it was a watershed for black American consciousness, since it exposed 'the parallel between [black American] interests and those of oppressed peoples abroad.'"
↑  Normand and Zaidi, Human Rights at the UN (2008), pp. 117–118.
↑  Normand and Zaidi, Human Rights at the UN (2008), p. 115.
↑  Normand and Zaidi, Human Rights at the UN (2008), p. 116.
↑  Normand and Zaidi, Human Rights at the UN (2008), p. 118. "These proposals were reintroduced in San Francisco during the drafting of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. Latin America's significant intellectual production supporting human rights is a major reason the region has been called 'the forgotten crucible' of universal human rights. Latin American jurisprudence was particularly well suited to bridging cultural divides in human rights by linking civil and political rights with economic and social rights."
↑  Neier, The International Human Rights Movement (2012), pp. 2–3.
1 2 3  Winston E. Langley (1999). Encyclopedia of Human Rights Issues Since 1945. Greenwood Publishing Group. pp. 11–16. ISBN 978-0-313-30163-6. Retrieved 14 November 2012.
↑  Normand and Zaidi, Human Rights at the UN (2008), p. 127.
↑  Normand and Zaidi, Human Rights at the UN (2008), pp. 136–138. "A few activists, in particular those whose agenda focused on racial equality and decolonization, were dismayed by the results of San Francisco. The NAACP and allied groups, which had invested significant time, resources, and hopes in using the global forum to highlight the evils of entrenched racism inside the United States and internationally, were bitterly disappointed at the outcome. To no avail, they criticized the failure to dent the vastly unequal power relations operating both between states and within their borders. Rayford Logan, civil rights activist and chair of the history department at Howard University, characterized the human rights articles in the Charter as a 'tragic joke'. But these were minority voices. Just as Roosevelt anticipated, the NGO consultants were thrilled with the role they had played in establishing the organization and fanned out across the country to spread the good news."
↑  Langley, Encyclopedia of Human Rights Issues since 1945 (1999), p. xiv.
↑  Edward A. Hatfield, "Atlanta Sit-ins", The New Georgia Encyclopedia, 28 May 2008.
↑  Sam Trumbore, "From Civil Rights to Human Rights, King’s Legacy For Us", Times Union, 15 January 2012.
↑  Tomas F. Jackson, From Civil Rights to Human Rights: Martin Luther King, Jr., And the Struggle for Economic Justice, University of Pennsylvania Press, 2007. ISBN 9780812239690
↑  Kiyoteru Tsutsui and Christine Min Wotipka, "Global Civil Society and the International Human Rights Movement: Citizen Participation in Human Rights International Nongovernmental Organization", Social Forces 83(2), 2004; accessed via JStor, DOI: 10.1353/sof.2005.0022.
1 2 3 4  Kiyoteru Tsutsui and Christine Min Wotipka, "Global Civil Society and the International Human Rights Movement: Citizen Participation in Human Rights International Nongovernmental Organization", Social Forces 83(2), 2004; accessed via JStor, DOI: 10.1353/sof.2005.0022.
1 2 3  Lawson, Edward (Edward H.); Mary Lou Bertucci (1996). United Nations Decade on Human Rights Education, 1995-2005. Taylor & Francis. pp. 36–38. ISBN 978-1-56032-362-4. Retrieved 14 November 2012.
↑  Neier, The International Human Rights Movement (2012), pp. 3–4.
↑  Barbara Keys, Reclaiming American Virtue: The Human Rights Revolution of the 1970s (Harvard University Press, 2014).
↑  Neier, The International Human Rights Movement (2012), p. 13.
↑  Neier, The International Human Rights Movement (2012), p. 17.
↑  Neier, The International Human Rights Movement (2012), pp. 10–11.
↑  Bonny Ibhawoh (16 October 2006). "Human Rights INGOs and the North-South Gap". In Daniel A. Bell; Jean-Marc Coicaud (eds.). Ethics in Action: The Ethical Challenges of International Human Rights Nongovernmental Organizations. Cambridge University Press. p. 81. ISBN 978-0-521-86566-1. Retrieved 14 November 2012.
↑  Nelson and Dorsey, New Rights Advocacy (2008), p. 14. "Since the mid-1990s the human rights movement has begun to take seriously the economic and social rights guaranteed in the international human rights covenants; development and human rights NGOs have joined in human rights–driven social movements for food, health, education, water, and other rights, often challenging development orthodoxy."
↑  Charlotte Bunch, "Transforming Human Rights From a Feminist Perspective", in Women's Rights, Human Rights, (1995) ed. Stone & Wolper.
1 2  Elisabeth Friedman, "Women's Human Rights: The Emergence of a Movement", in Women's Rights, Human Rights, (1995) ed. Stone & Wolper.
↑  Nelson and Dorsey, New Rights Advocacy (2008), p. 51. "The 1993 World Conference on Human Rights in Vienna was expected by some to be a celebration of the post–cold war era, the new freedom of the United Nations to operate in a less politicized international environment, and NGO human rights successes. Instead it marked a watershed moment for the integrity of the human rights system, as NGOs battled a coalition of governments determined to undermine the principle of the universality of human rights standards and weaken the UN human rights system. [...] The challenge to shore up the fundamental concept of universality of rights was compounded by shifts in the foreign policy priorities of Western governments. A new Democratic administration in the United States made promoting free-market democracies, rather than human rights, its top priority, resulting in human rights regressions, including the delinking of trade and aid from human rights guarantees (Mann 1999)."
↑  Nelson and Dorsey, New Rights Advocacy (2008), p. 53.
↑  "Defend the Defenders". www.hrln.org. Retrieved 2016-02-29.
↑  "Taliban Targeted Female Activist in Afghan Attack". takeaway. Retrieved 2016-02-29.
↑  Halpin and Hoskins, Human Rights and the Internet (2000), pp. 8–9.
↑  Lievrouw, Leah (2011). Alternative And Activist New Media. Polity Press.
↑  Langley, Encyclopedia of Human Rights Issues since 1945 (1999), p. xix. "...business corporations (especially transnational ones) are often more powerful than states, and therefore enjoy the capacity to promote or undermine the rights and well-being of individuals and groups. Yet, the human rights movement, as it initially developed, did not seek to make business corporations accountable for human rights abuses, such as child labor, business-supported political repression, environmental degradation, and sexual harassment..."
↑  Langley, Encyclopedia of Human Rights Issues since 1945 (1999), pp. 36–37.
↑  Barbara Keys, "Harnessing Human Rights to the Olympic Games: Human Rights Watch and the 1993 ‘Stop-Beijing’ Campaign,” The Journal of Contemporary History 53, no. 2 (2018): 415-38. doi: 10.1177/0022009416667791
↑  Langley, Encyclopedia of Human Rights Issues since 1945 (1999), p. 240.
↑  Langley, Encyclopedia of Human Rights Issues since 1945 (1999), p. 41, 256.
↑  Langley, Encyclopedia of Human Rights Issues since 1945 (1999), p. 47.
↑  Neier, The International Human Rights Movement (2012), p. 11.
↑  Langley, Encyclopedia of Human Rights Issues since 1945 (1999), p. 169.
1 2  David Kennedy, "The International Human Rights Movement: Part of the Problem?" 15 Harvard Human Rights Journal 101, 2002.
↑  Normand and Zaidi, Human Rights at the UN (2008), p. 324.
↑  Langley, Encyclopedia of Human Rights Issues since 1945 (1999), p. xviii.
↑  Normand and Zaidi, Human Rights at the UN (2008), p. 325–326.
↑  Makau Mutua, Human Rights: A Political and Cultural Critique (2002), quoted in Clapham, Human Rights (2007), p. 161.
↑  Normand and Zaidi, Human Rights at the UN (2008), p. 5.
↑  Clapham, Human Rights (2007), pp. 160–161. "Some critics argue that human rights organizations may tend to generate a narrative that reinforces images of helpless victims oppressed by an alien culture; in turn, this could be said to continue imperialism by other means."
↑  Neier, The International Human Rights Movement (2012), p. 186.
↑  Neier, The International Human Rights Movement (2012), p. 204.
↑  Neier, The International Human Rights Movement (2012), p. 18