業 (ジャイナ教)
書誌情報

Bhattacharya, Dr.  H. S. (1966). Reals in the Jaina metaphysics. Bombay: Seth Santi Das Khetsy Charitable Trust
Bhattacharya, Dr. H. S. (1976). Jain Moral Doctrine. Mumbai: Jain Sahitya Vikas Mandal
Bronkhorst, Johannes (1993). The Two Traditions of Meditation in Ancient India. Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass Publ. ISBN 8120811143
Chapple, Christopher (1990). S. Nicholson. ed. Karma: Rhythmic Return to Harmony. Illinois: Quest Books. ISBN 0835606635
Duli Chandra Jain (ed.) (1997). Studies in Jainism: Reader 2. New York: Jain Study Circle Inc.. ISBN 0-9626105-2-6
Grimes, John (1996). A Concise Dictionary of Indian Philosophy: Sanskrit Terms Defined in English. New York: SUNY Press. ISBN 0791430677
Dundas, Paul; John Hinnels ed. (2002). The Jains. London: Routledge. ISBN 0-415-26606-8. https://books.google.co.jp/books?id=5ialKAbIyV4C&redir_esc=y&hl=ja
EB (2001). “The Jaina Speculation as Occurring in Acaranga I”. In Singh, Nagendra Kr.. Encyclopedia of Jainism. New Delhi: Anmol Publications. ISBN 8126106913
Glasenapp, Helmuth Von (2003) [1942]. H. R. Kapadia. ed (English. Trans. from German by G. Barry Gifford). The Doctrine of Karman in Jain Philosophy. Fremont, CA: Asian Humanities Press. ISBN 0895819716
Haribhadrasūri, Sinha, Ashok Kumar, & Jain, Sagarmal (2000). Aṣṭakaprakaraṇam. Varanasi (India): Pārśvanātha Vidyāpīṭha. ISBN 81-86715-42-8
Hinells, John R., ed (1995). “karma (Jain doctrine)”. A New Dictionary of Religions. Blackwell Publishing. doi:10.1111/b.9780631181392.1995.x. ISBN 9780631181392
Jacobi, Hermann (1895). (ed.) F. Max Müller. ed (English: translated from Prakrit). The Uttarādhyayana Sūtra. Sacred Books of the East vol.45, Part 2. Oxford: The Clarendon Press. ISBN 070071538X. http://www.sacred-texts.com/jai/sbe45/index.htm  Note: ISBN and page nos. refers to the UK:Routledge (2001) reprint. URL is the scan version of the original 1895 reprint.
Jaini, Padmanabh (1998). The Jaina Path of Purification. New Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass. ISBN 81-208-1578-5
Jaini, Padmanabh (2000). Collected Papers on Jaina Studies. Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass Publ. ISBN 81-208-1691-9
Jhaveri, B. J. (2001). “Consideration of Self”. In Singh, Nagendra Kr.. Encyclopedia of Jainism. New Delhi: Anmol Publications. ISBN 8126106913
Johnson, W.J. (1995). Harmless souls: karmic bondage and religious change in early Jainism with special reference to Umāsvāti and Kundakunda. Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass Publishers. ISBN 812081309X
Kalghatgi, Dr. T. G. (1988). Study of Jainism. Jaipur: Prakrit Bharti Academy
Kirtivijay, M. (1957). Jainism in nutshell. Bombay: Navprabhat Printing Press
Krishan, Yuvraj (1997). The doctrine of Karma: its origin and development in Brāhmaṇical, Buddhist, and Jaina traditions. Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass Publishers. ISBN 8120812336
Kuhn, Hermann (2001). Karma, The Mechanism : Create Your Own Fate. Wunstorf, Germany: Crosswind Publishing. ISBN 3-9806211-4-6
Malalasekera, G. P. (2003). Dictionary of Pali Proper Names. London: Asian Educational Services. ISBN 8120618238
Michaels, Axel (2004). Hinduism: Past and Present. Princeton: Princeton University Press. ISBN 0691089531
Pande, G. C. (1978). Sramana Tradition: Its History and Contribution to Indian Culture. Ahmedabad: L.D. Institute of Indology
Patil, Bal (2006). Jaya Gommatesa. Mumbai: Hindi Granth Karyalaya. ISBN 81-88769-10-X
Prasada, Ajit (1974). Purushartha Siddhyupaya of Amrtacandra. New York: AMS Press. ISBN 0404577040
Rankin, Adian (2007-01-27). The Jain path: ancient wisdom for the West. Winchester, UK: O Books. ISBN 1905047215. http://www.guardian.co.uk/comment/story/0,,2000007,00.html 2010年5月7日閲覧。
Pratt, James Bissett (2007). India and Its Faiths. UK: Read Books. ISBN 140671173X
Sanghvi, Sukhlal (1974) (English trans. by K. K. Dixit). Commentary on Tattvārthasūtra of Vācaka Umāsvāti. Ahmedabad: L. D. Institute of Indology
Shah, Natubhai (1998). Jainism: The World of Conquerors. Volume I and II. Sussex: Sussex Academy Press. ISBN 1898723303
Smart, Ninian (1964). Doctrine and Argument in Indian Philosophy. London: George Allen & Unwin. ISBN 0041810112
Stevenson, M.Sinclair (1999). Heart of Jainism. Munshiram Manoharial Publishers Private, Limited. ISBN 8121501229
Tatia, Nathmal (1994) (Sanskrit - English). Tattvārtha Sūtra: That Which Is of Vācaka Umāsvāti. Lanham, MD: Rowman Altamira. ISBN 0761989935
Tatia, Nathmal (2006). Studies in Jaina Philosophy. Fremont, CA: Jain Publishing Co.. ISBN 0895819961
Thomas, Edward J. (1975). The Life of Buddha as Legend and History. London: Routledge. ISBN 0710081626
Tukol, T. A. (1980). Compendium of Jainism. Dharwad: Karnataka University
Zydenbos, Robert J. (2006). Jainism Today and Its Future. München: Manya Verlag. http://www.manyaverlag.de/jtaif.html
24人目のティールタンカラであるマハーヴィーラは心の平静によって自らのカルマを排出して解脱した
霊魂（ジーヴァ）は自身のカルマに基づいて、死後に四つの存在の状態のうちの一つへ遷移する
六人の旅人の寓話に表されたレーシュヤー
情動や感情に左右される「ヨーガ」によるカルマの流入によって、霊魂が生まれ変わり・転生を繰り返すサイクルが長続きするカルマの流入が起きる。
ヴェーダニーヤ・カルマ。苦痛と快楽は剣に塗られた蜂蜜をなめるために生じる。
道徳的な行為とそれに対する反応としてのカルマ。善の種をまくと善を収穫することができる。
ガウタマ・シッダールタ―ブッダの小像。ブッダはジャイナ教のカルマの理論のいくつかの面を批判したと記録されている