小節 (言語学)
派生分析 > 構成素分析 > 機能範疇投射分析

3つ目の分析方法として、Xバー理論の主要部の原理に従い、小節はある機能範疇Fを主要部とするFPであると仮定する方法が挙げられる。この機能範疇はさまざさまラベル付けがされており、Bowers (1993, 2001) のPr、Bailyn (1995)のPred、Elide (1999)のAgr、Citko (2008)の \pi などがある。
小節を機能範疇投射と見做す分析は、異範疇同士の等位接続を説明できるという利点がある。一般的事実として、非等位範疇を等位接続することは不可能である。
| 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |

| ()   | a.   | *[AP Boring] and [NP a fool] entered the restaurant. | *[AP Boring] and [NP a fool] entered the restaurant. | *[AP Boring] and [NP a fool] entered the restaurant. | *[AP Boring] and [NP a fool] entered the restaurant. | *[AP Boring] and [NP a fool] entered the restaurant. | *[AP Boring] and [NP a fool] entered the restaurant. | *[AP Boring] and [NP a fool] entered the restaurant. | *[AP Boring] and [NP a fool] entered the restaurant. | *[AP Boring] and [NP a fool] entered the restaurant. | *[AP Boring] and [NP a fool] entered the restaurant. | *[AP Boring] and [NP a fool] entered the restaurant. | *[AP Boring] and [NP a fool] entered the restaurant. | *[AP Boring] and [NP a fool] entered the restaurant. | *[AP Boring] and [NP a fool] entered the restaurant. | *[AP Boring] and [NP a fool] entered the restaurant. | *[AP Boring] and [NP a fool] entered the restaurant. | *[AP Boring] and [NP a fool] entered the restaurant. | *[AP Boring] and [NP a fool] entered the restaurant. | *[AP Boring] and [NP a fool] entered the restaurant. | *[AP Boring] and [NP a fool] entered the restaurant. |
 : 


|  |  |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |
| 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |

| ()   | b.   | *Pat remembered [AP happy] and [CP that it was important to be on time]. | *Pat remembered [AP happy] and [CP that it was important to be on time]. | *Pat remembered [AP happy] and [CP that it was important to be on time]. | *Pat remembered [AP happy] and [CP that it was important to be on time]. | *Pat remembered [AP happy] and [CP that it was important to be on time]. | *Pat remembered [AP happy] and [CP that it was important to be on time]. | *Pat remembered [AP happy] and [CP that it was important to be on time]. | *Pat remembered [AP happy] and [CP that it was important to be on time]. | *Pat remembered [AP happy] and [CP that it was important to be on time]. | *Pat remembered [AP happy] and [CP that it was important to be on time]. | *Pat remembered [AP happy] and [CP that it was important to be on time]. | *Pat remembered [AP happy] and [CP that it was important to be on time]. | *Pat remembered [AP happy] and [CP that it was important to be on time]. | *Pat remembered [AP happy] and [CP that it was important to be on time]. | *Pat remembered [AP happy] and [CP that it was important to be on time]. | *Pat remembered [AP happy] and [CP that it was important to be on time]. | *Pat remembered [AP happy] and [CP that it was important to be on time]. | *Pat remembered [AP happy] and [CP that it was important to be on time]. | *Pat remembered [AP happy] and [CP that it was important to be on time]. | *Pat remembered [AP happy] and [CP that it was important to be on time]. |
 : 


|  |  |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |
一方で、これに反する経験的データが存在し、述語同士の等位接続では、等位項の統語範疇が異なっても文法的となる場合がある。
| 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |

| ()   | a.   | Jermaine is [AP boring] and [NP a fool]. | Jermaine is [AP boring] and [NP a fool]. | Jermaine is [AP boring] and [NP a fool]. | Jermaine is [AP boring] and [NP a fool]. | Jermaine is [AP boring] and [NP a fool]. | Jermaine is [AP boring] and [NP a fool]. | Jermaine is [AP boring] and [NP a fool]. | Jermaine is [AP boring] and [NP a fool]. | Jermaine is [AP boring] and [NP a fool]. | Jermaine is [AP boring] and [NP a fool]. | Jermaine is [AP boring] and [NP a fool]. | Jermaine is [AP boring] and [NP a fool]. | Jermaine is [AP boring] and [NP a fool]. | Jermaine is [AP boring] and [NP a fool]. | Jermaine is [AP boring] and [NP a fool]. | Jermaine is [AP boring] and [NP a fool]. | Jermaine is [AP boring] and [NP a fool]. | Jermaine is [AP boring] and [NP a fool]. | Jermaine is [AP boring] and [NP a fool]. | Jermaine is [AP boring] and [NP a fool]. |
 : 


|  |  |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |
| 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |

| ()   | b.   | I consider Fred [AP crazy] and [NP a fool]. | I consider Fred [AP crazy] and [NP a fool]. | I consider Fred [AP crazy] and [NP a fool]. | I consider Fred [AP crazy] and [NP a fool]. | I consider Fred [AP crazy] and [NP a fool]. | I consider Fred [AP crazy] and [NP a fool]. | I consider Fred [AP crazy] and [NP a fool]. | I consider Fred [AP crazy] and [NP a fool]. | I consider Fred [AP crazy] and [NP a fool]. | I consider Fred [AP crazy] and [NP a fool]. | I consider Fred [AP crazy] and [NP a fool]. | I consider Fred [AP crazy] and [NP a fool]. | I consider Fred [AP crazy] and [NP a fool]. | I consider Fred [AP crazy] and [NP a fool]. | I consider Fred [AP crazy] and [NP a fool]. | I consider Fred [AP crazy] and [NP a fool]. | I consider Fred [AP crazy] and [NP a fool]. | I consider Fred [AP crazy] and [NP a fool]. | I consider Fred [AP crazy] and [NP a fool]. | I consider Fred [AP crazy] and [NP a fool]. |
 : 


|  |  |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |
この事実は、小節は機能範疇 (ここではPredとする) を主要部とする構造を持つと考えることにより、同範疇接続として説明することが可能となる。
| 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |

| ()   | a.   | Jermainei is [PredP ti [Pred' Pred0 [AP boring]] and [Pred' Pred0 [NP a fool]]]. | Jermainei is [PredP ti [Pred' Pred0 [AP boring]] and [Pred' Pred0 [NP a fool]]]. | Jermainei is [PredP ti [Pred' Pred0 [AP boring]] and [Pred' Pred0 [NP a fool]]]. | Jermainei is [PredP ti [Pred' Pred0 [AP boring]] and [Pred' Pred0 [NP a fool]]]. | Jermainei is [PredP ti [Pred' Pred0 [AP boring]] and [Pred' Pred0 [NP a fool]]]. | Jermainei is [PredP ti [Pred' Pred0 [AP boring]] and [Pred' Pred0 [NP a fool]]]. | Jermainei is [PredP ti [Pred' Pred0 [AP boring]] and [Pred' Pred0 [NP a fool]]]. | Jermainei is [PredP ti [Pred' Pred0 [AP boring]] and [Pred' Pred0 [NP a fool]]]. | Jermainei is [PredP ti [Pred' Pred0 [AP boring]] and [Pred' Pred0 [NP a fool]]]. | Jermainei is [PredP ti [Pred' Pred0 [AP boring]] and [Pred' Pred0 [NP a fool]]]. | Jermainei is [PredP ti [Pred' Pred0 [AP boring]] and [Pred' Pred0 [NP a fool]]]. | Jermainei is [PredP ti [Pred' Pred0 [AP boring]] and [Pred' Pred0 [NP a fool]]]. | Jermainei is [PredP ti [Pred' Pred0 [AP boring]] and [Pred' Pred0 [NP a fool]]]. | Jermainei is [PredP ti [Pred' Pred0 [AP boring]] and [Pred' Pred0 [NP a fool]]]. | Jermainei is [PredP ti [Pred' Pred0 [AP boring]] and [Pred' Pred0 [NP a fool]]]. | Jermainei is [PredP ti [Pred' Pred0 [AP boring]] and [Pred' Pred0 [NP a fool]]]. | Jermainei is [PredP ti [Pred' Pred0 [AP boring]] and [Pred' Pred0 [NP a fool]]]. | Jermainei is [PredP ti [Pred' Pred0 [AP boring]] and [Pred' Pred0 [NP a fool]]]. | Jermainei is [PredP ti [Pred' Pred0 [AP boring]] and [Pred' Pred0 [NP a fool]]]. | Jermainei is [PredP ti [Pred' Pred0 [AP boring]] and [Pred' Pred0 [NP a fool]]]. |
 : 


|  |  |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |
| 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |

| ()   | b.   | I consider [PredP Fred [Pred' Pred0 [AP crazy]] and [Pred' Pred0 [NP a fool]]]. | I consider [PredP Fred [Pred' Pred0 [AP crazy]] and [Pred' Pred0 [NP a fool]]]. | I consider [PredP Fred [Pred' Pred0 [AP crazy]] and [Pred' Pred0 [NP a fool]]]. | I consider [PredP Fred [Pred' Pred0 [AP crazy]] and [Pred' Pred0 [NP a fool]]]. | I consider [PredP Fred [Pred' Pred0 [AP crazy]] and [Pred' Pred0 [NP a fool]]]. | I consider [PredP Fred [Pred' Pred0 [AP crazy]] and [Pred' Pred0 [NP a fool]]]. | I consider [PredP Fred [Pred' Pred0 [AP crazy]] and [Pred' Pred0 [NP a fool]]]. | I consider [PredP Fred [Pred' Pred0 [AP crazy]] and [Pred' Pred0 [NP a fool]]]. | I consider [PredP Fred [Pred' Pred0 [AP crazy]] and [Pred' Pred0 [NP a fool]]]. | I consider [PredP Fred [Pred' Pred0 [AP crazy]] and [Pred' Pred0 [NP a fool]]]. | I consider [PredP Fred [Pred' Pred0 [AP crazy]] and [Pred' Pred0 [NP a fool]]]. | I consider [PredP Fred [Pred' Pred0 [AP crazy]] and [Pred' Pred0 [NP a fool]]]. | I consider [PredP Fred [Pred' Pred0 [AP crazy]] and [Pred' Pred0 [NP a fool]]]. | I consider [PredP Fred [Pred' Pred0 [AP crazy]] and [Pred' Pred0 [NP a fool]]]. | I consider [PredP Fred [Pred' Pred0 [AP crazy]] and [Pred' Pred0 [NP a fool]]]. | I consider [PredP Fred [Pred' Pred0 [AP crazy]] and [Pred' Pred0 [NP a fool]]]. | I consider [PredP Fred [Pred' Pred0 [AP crazy]] and [Pred' Pred0 [NP a fool]]]. | I consider [PredP Fred [Pred' Pred0 [AP crazy]] and [Pred' Pred0 [NP a fool]]]. | I consider [PredP Fred [Pred' Pred0 [AP crazy]] and [Pred' Pred0 [NP a fool]]]. | I consider [PredP Fred [Pred' Pred0 [AP crazy]] and [Pred' Pred0 [NP a fool]]]. |
 : 


|  |  |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |
また、この分析は I regard Fred as my best friend という文に含まれる as の扱いにも帰結を与える。元来前置詞は形容詞を補部にとることができないが、この as は語彙範疇Pではなく、機能範疇Predの音声具現であると仮定することにより、前置詞の選択特性の問題を払拭することができる。
また、Stowellの述語範疇投射分析で問題となる、中間投射の移動も、最大投射の移動として捉え直すことができる。
| 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |

| ()   | a.   | Whati does John consider [PredP Bill [Pred' Pred0 [AP ti]]]? | Whati does John consider [PredP Bill [Pred' Pred0 [AP ti]]]? | Whati does John consider [PredP Bill [Pred' Pred0 [AP ti]]]? | Whati does John consider [PredP Bill [Pred' Pred0 [AP ti]]]? | Whati does John consider [PredP Bill [Pred' Pred0 [AP ti]]]? | Whati does John consider [PredP Bill [Pred' Pred0 [AP ti]]]? | Whati does John consider [PredP Bill [Pred' Pred0 [AP ti]]]? | Whati does John consider [PredP Bill [Pred' Pred0 [AP ti]]]? | Whati does John consider [PredP Bill [Pred' Pred0 [AP ti]]]? | Whati does John consider [PredP Bill [Pred' Pred0 [AP ti]]]? | Whati does John consider [PredP Bill [Pred' Pred0 [AP ti]]]? | Whati does John consider [PredP Bill [Pred' Pred0 [AP ti]]]? | Whati does John consider [PredP Bill [Pred' Pred0 [AP ti]]]? | Whati does John consider [PredP Bill [Pred' Pred0 [AP ti]]]? | Whati does John consider [PredP Bill [Pred' Pred0 [AP ti]]]? | Whati does John consider [PredP Bill [Pred' Pred0 [AP ti]]]? | Whati does John consider [PredP Bill [Pred' Pred0 [AP ti]]]? | Whati does John consider [PredP Bill [Pred' Pred0 [AP ti]]]? | Whati does John consider [PredP Bill [Pred' Pred0 [AP ti]]]? | Whati does John consider [PredP Bill [Pred' Pred0 [AP ti]]]? |
 : 


|  |  |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |
| 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |

| ()   | b.   | Howi do you want [PredP your eggs [Pred' Pred0 [AP ti]]]? | Howi do you want [PredP your eggs [Pred' Pred0 [AP ti]]]? | Howi do you want [PredP your eggs [Pred' Pred0 [AP ti]]]? | Howi do you want [PredP your eggs [Pred' Pred0 [AP ti]]]? | Howi do you want [PredP your eggs [Pred' Pred0 [AP ti]]]? | Howi do you want [PredP your eggs [Pred' Pred0 [AP ti]]]? | Howi do you want [PredP your eggs [Pred' Pred0 [AP ti]]]? | Howi do you want [PredP your eggs [Pred' Pred0 [AP ti]]]? | Howi do you want [PredP your eggs [Pred' Pred0 [AP ti]]]? | Howi do you want [PredP your eggs [Pred' Pred0 [AP ti]]]? | Howi do you want [PredP your eggs [Pred' Pred0 [AP ti]]]? | Howi do you want [PredP your eggs [Pred' Pred0 [AP ti]]]? | Howi do you want [PredP your eggs [Pred' Pred0 [AP ti]]]? | Howi do you want [PredP your eggs [Pred' Pred0 [AP ti]]]? | Howi do you want [PredP your eggs [Pred' Pred0 [AP ti]]]? | Howi do you want [PredP your eggs [Pred' Pred0 [AP ti]]]? | Howi do you want [PredP your eggs [Pred' Pred0 [AP ti]]]? | Howi do you want [PredP your eggs [Pred' Pred0 [AP ti]]]? | Howi do you want [PredP your eggs [Pred' Pred0 [AP ti]]]? | Howi do you want [PredP your eggs [Pred' Pred0 [AP ti]]]? |
 : 


|  |  |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |