ゴンドール
出典注 > 二次資料

↑  Hammond & Scull 2005, "The Great River", p. 347
↑  Noel, Ruth S. (1974). The Languages of Tolkien's Middle-earth. Houghton Mifflin. p. 170. ISBN 0-395-29129-1
↑  Garth, John (2020). The Worlds of J.R.R. Tolkien: The Places that Inspired Middle-earth. Frances Lincoln Publishers & Princeton University Press. p. 41. ISBN 978-0-7112-4127-5
↑  Drieshen, Clark (31 January 2020). “The Trees of the Sun and the Moon”.  British Library. 24 February 2021閲覧。
↑  Vaccaro, Christopher T. (August 2004). “'And one white tree': the cosmological cross and the arbor vitae in J.R.R. Tolkien's "The Lord of the Rings" and "The Silmarillion"”. Mallorn (42):  23–28. JSTOR 45320503.
↑  Gasse, Rosanne (2013). “The Dry Tree Legend in Medieval Literature”. In Gusick, Barbara I.. Fifteenth-Century Studies 38. Camden House. pp. 65–96. ISBN 978-1-57113-558-2. https://books.google.com/books?id=KNZGXEfXIOEC&pg=PA73. "Mandeville also includes a prophecy that when the Prince of the West conquers the Holy Land for Christianity, this tree will become green again, rather akin to the White Tree of Arnor [sic] in the Peter Jackson film version of The Lord of the Rings, if not in Tolkien's original novel, which sprouts new green leaves when Aragorn first arrives in Gondor at [sic, i.e. after] the Battle of the Pelennor Fields."
1 2  Garth, John (2020). The Worlds of J.R.R. Tolkien: The Places that Inspired Middle-earth. Frances Lincoln Publishers & Princeton University Press. p. 41. ISBN 978-0-7112-4127-5
↑  Drieshen (31 January 2020). “The Trees of the Sun and the Moon”.  British Library. 24 February 2021閲覧。
↑  Flood, Alison (23 October 2015). “Tolkien's annotated map of Middle-earth discovered inside copy of Lord of the Rings”. The Guardian. https://www.theguardian.com/books/2015/oct/23/jrr-tolkien-middle-earth-annotated-map-blackwells-lord-of-the-rings
↑  “Tolkien annotated map of Middle-earth acquired by Bodleian library”.  Exeter College, Oxford (9 May 2016). 9 April 2020閲覧。
↑  Ford, Judy Ann (2005). “The White City: The Lord of the Rings as an Early Medieval Myth of the Restoration of the Roman Empire”. Tolkien Studies 2 (1):  53–73. doi:10.1353/tks.2005.0016. ISSN 1547-3163.
↑  Foster, Robert (1978). A Guide to Middle-earth. Ballantine Books. p. 60. ISBN 978-0345275479
↑  Viars, Karen (2015). “Constructing Lothiriel: Rewriting and Rescuing the Women of Middle-Earth From the Margin”. Mythlore 33:  article 6. https://dc.swosu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1018&context=mythlore.
↑  Viars, Karen (2015). “Constructing Lothiriel: Rewriting and Rescuing the Women of Middle-Earth From the Margin”. Mythlore 33. https://dc.swosu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1018&context=mythlore.
↑  Honegger, Thomas (2017). “Riders, Chivalry, and Knighthood in Tolkien”. Journal of Tolkien Research 4. https://scholar.valpo.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1075&context=journaloftolkienresearch.
↑  Davis, Alex (2013) [2006]. "Boromir". In Michael D.C. Drout (ed.). The J. R. R. Tolkien Encyclopedia. Routledge. p. 412-413. ISBN 978-0-415-86511-1。
↑  Hammond & Scull 2005, "The Great River", pp. 683–684
↑  "Arwen". The J. R. R. Tolkien Encyclopedia.
↑  Foster, Robert (1978). The Complete Guide to Middle-earth. Ballantine Books. p. 186. ISBN 978-0-345-44976-4
↑  Shippey 2005, p. 206.
1 2 3  Straubhaar 2007, pp. 248–249.
1 2  O'Connor, David (2017). “For What May We Hope? An Appreciation of Peter Simpson's Political Illiberalism”. The American Journal of Jurisprudence 62 (1):  111–117. doi:10.1093/ajj/aux014. https://scholar.valpo.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1075&context=journaloftolkienresearch.
↑  De Rosario Martínez (November 22, 2005). “Light and Tree A Survey Through the External History of Sindarin”. Elvish Linguistic Fellowship. 2023年7月15日閲覧。
1 2 3 4  Shippey 2005, pp. 146–149.
↑  Nitzsche 1980, pp. 119–122.
↑  Stanton, Michael (2015). Hobbits, Elves and Wizards: The Wonders and Worlds of J.R.R. Tolkien's "Lord of the Rings". St. Martin's Publishing Group. p. Pt 143. ISBN 978-1-2500-8664-8. https://books.google.com/books?id=V_RoCAAAQBAJ&pg=PT143
↑  Day, David (1993). Tolkien: The Illustrated Encyclopaedia. Simon & Schuster. pp. 248. ISBN 978-0-6848-3979-0
↑  Donovan, Leslie A. (2020) [2014]. “Middle-earth Mythology: An Overview”. In Lee, Stuart D.. A Companion to J. R. R. Tolkien. Wiley. p. 100. ISBN 978-1119656029
1 2 3  Fimi 2007, pp. 84–99.
1 2  Librán-Moreno, Miryam (2011). “'Byzantium, New Rome!' Goths, Langobards and Byzantium in The Lord of the Rings”. In Fisher, Jason. Tolkien and the Study of his Sources. McFarland & Company. pp. 84–116. ISBN 978-0-7864-6482-1. https://books.google.com/books?id=98VQ3gHsVsMC&q=Gondor+Byzance&pg=PA98
1 2  Hammond & Scull 2005, p. 570
1 2  Duriez 1992, p. 253
1 2  Sayer 1979
↑  Carpenter 1977
↑  “Lord Of The Rings: The Return Of The King: 2003”. Movie Locations. 22 February 2021閲覧。 “Ben Ohau Station, in the Mackenzie Basin, in the Southern Alps, ... provided the ‘Pelennor Fields’, and the foothills of the ‘White Mountains’, for the climactic battle scenes”
↑  Puig, Claudia (24 February 2004). “With third film, 'Rings' saga becomes a classic”. USA Today. https://www.usatoday.com/life/movies/reviews/2003-12-16-return-of-the-king_x.htm. "In the third installment, for example, Minas Tirith, a seven-tiered city of kings, looks European, Byzantine and fantastical at the same time."
↑  The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King (special extended DVD ed.). December 2004.
↑  “The real-life Minas Tirith from 'Lord of the Rings': A tour of Mont Saint-Michel”.   CNET (27 June 2014). 2023年7月15日閲覧。
↑  Russell, Gary (2004). The Art of The Lord of the Rings. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. pp. 103–105. ISBN 0-618-51083-4. https://archive.org/details/artoflordofth00gary
↑  Ebert, Roger (17 December 2003). “Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King”. Chicago Sun-Times.  オリジナルの11 December 2011時点におけるアーカイブ。. https://web.archive.org/web/20111211075754/http://rogerebert.suntimes.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=%2F20031217%2FREVIEWS%2F312170301%2F1023 15 November 2021閲覧。
↑  Dobson (28 October 2003). “The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King Designer Diary #6”.  GameSpot. 15 November 2014閲覧。
↑  “Assassins of Dol Amroth”. RPGnet.   Skotos. 11 August 2012閲覧。
1 2 3  Tuthill, Christopher (2020) [2014]. “Art: Minas Tirith”. In Lee, Stuart D.. A Companion to J. R. R. Tolkien. Wiley. pp. 495–500. ISBN 978-1-1196-5602-9
↑  Beckey, Fred W. (2003). Cascade Alpine Guide: Climbing and High Routes, Stevens Pass to Rainy Pass. The Mountaineers Books. p. 287. ISBN 9780898868388. https://books.google.com/books?id=-ukAUElJXPIC&q=Dol+Amroth&pg=PA287
第三紀におけるゴンドール、ローハン、モルドールの国境地帯
ゴンドールの枯れた白の木は、中世ヨーロッパの伝説に現れる枯れた木と比較されてきた。画像は中世1444/45年頃の写本に描かれた、太陽と月をつけた木のあいだに立つ枯れた木（中央）で、フェニックスが止まっている。枯れた木とフェニックスは、ともに復活と新生を象徴している。
ドル・アムロスの旗印（作中の記述に基づくイメージ）
ゴンドールの執政の印章（作中の記述に基づくイメージ）
ペレンノール野の合戦
力強く色鮮やかなローハンは、「トールキンがもっともよく知る」アングロ・サクソン人（画像は11世紀の絵）をモデルとする。評論家は、ローハンを荘重だが色味に欠けるゴンドールと比較する。
映画「ロード・オブ・ザ・リング」三部作におけるミナス・ティリスのモデルとなったモン・サン＝ミシェル。