同性愛行動を示す動物の一覧
参考書目

“Gay Penguins Resist 'Aversion Therapy'”. 365Gay.com. (11 February 2005).  オリジナルの29 September 2007時点におけるアーカイブ。. https://web.archive.org/web/20070929090349/http://www.365gay.com/newscon05/02/021105penguins.htm 16 June 2010閲覧。
Bagemihl, Bruce (1999). Biological Exuberance: Animal Homosexuality and Natural Diversity. St. Martin's Press ISBN 0-312-19239-8
Caramagno, Thomas C  (2002). Irreconcilable Differences? Intellectual Stalemate in the Gay Rights Debate; Praeger/Greenwood, ISBN 0275977218.
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Cziko, Gary (2000) The Things We Do: Using the Lessons of Bernard and Darwin to Understand the What, How, and Why of Our Behavior; MIT Press, ISBN 0262032775.
de Waal, Frans B. M. (2001) The Ape and The Sushi Master: Cultural Reflections by a Primatologist; Basic Books (chapter Bonobos and Fig Leaves).
Dunkle, S.W. (1991), "Head damage from mating attempts in dragonflies (Odonata:Anisoptera)". Entomological News 102, pp. 37–41. Retrieved on 16 June 2010.
Eaton, R. L. (1974). "The Biology and Social Behavior of Reproduction in the Lion" in Eaton, ed. The World's Cats, vol. II; pp. 3–58; Seattle.
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“Gay Animals: Alternate Lifestyles in the Wild”. Live Science (20 September 2011). 19 June 2018閲覧。
Gómez, Jose M.; Gónzalez-Megías, A.; Verdú, M. (3 October 2023). “The evolution of same-sex sexual behaviour in mammals”. Nature Communications 14 (1):  5719. Bibcode: 2023NatCo..14.5719G. doi:10.1038/s41467-023-41290-x. PMC 10547684. PMID 37788987. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10547684/.
Goudarzi, Sara (16 November 2006). "Gay Animals Out of the Closet?: First-ever Museum Display Shows 51 Species Exhibiting Homosexuality". MSNBC. Retrieved on 12 September 2007.
Harrold, Max (February 16, 1999). “Creature Comforts”. The Advocate (779):  pp. 61–62. https://books.google.com/books?id=aGMEAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA61 March 10, 2018閲覧. "In his news book, Biological Exuberance: Animal Homosexuality and Natural Diversity ... author Bruce Bagemihl portrays an animal kingdom that embraces a whole spectrum of sexual orientations ... [and] paints a complex mosaic that resembles humanity ... At 751 pages and with photos and documentation of homosexual behaviour in more than 450 species of mammals, birds, repties, and insects, Biological Exuberance brings the dusty facts to light as Bagemihl deconstructs the all-heterosexual Noah's Ark we've been sold."
Holekamp, Kay E. (2003). Research: Spotted Hyena - Introduction and Overview. Michigan State University, Department of Zoology]. Retrieved 16 June 2010.
Kick, Russ (2001). You Are Being Lied to: The Disinformation Guide to Media Distortion, Historical Whitewashes and Cultural Myths. The Disinformation Company, ISBN 0966410076. Retrieved on 18 November 2007.
Kishikawa, Hiroaki (April 27, 2021). “Toucans kept as couple at Japanese zoo for 8 years turn out to be both female”. Sapporo, Japan: Mainichi. https://mainichi.jp/english/articles/20210426/p2a/00m/0li/022000c January 3, 2025閲覧。
“The Science of Sex” (19 September 2007). 2007年11月8日時点のオリジナルよりアーカイブ。16 June 2010閲覧。
Liggett, Dave. “African Forest: Bonobo”.   Columbus Zoo and Aquarium. June 2, 2002時点のオリジナルよりアーカイブ。November 14, 2011閲覧。 “...frequent sex (including male-to-male and female-to-female) characterize bonobo society.”
News-medical.net (23 October 2006). "1,500 Animal Species Practice Homosexuality" Retrieved on 10 September 2007.
Poiani, Aldo (2010). Animal Homosexuality: A Biosocial Perspective. Cambridge University Press.
Roselli, Charles E., Kay Larkin, John A. Resko, John N. Stellflug and Fred Stormshak (2004). "The Volume of a Sexually Dimorphic Nucleus in the Ovine Medial Preoptic Area/Anterior Hypothalamus Varies with Sexual Partner Preference". Endocrinology, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Oregon Health & Science University (C.E.R., K.L., J.A.R.), Portland, Oregon; Department of Animal Sciences, Oregon State University (F.S.), Corvallis, Oregon; and Agricultural Research Service, United States Sheep Experiment Station (J.N.S.), Dubois, Idaho, Vol. 145, No. 2. Retrieved on 10 September 2007.
Roughgarden, Joan (2004). Evolutions Rainbow: Diversity, Gender and Sexuality in Nature and People; University of California Press, Berkeley, pages p. 13-183.
Schaller, G. B. (1972). The Serengeti Lion; University of Chicago Press.
Smith, Dinitia (7 February 2004). "Love That Dare Not Squeak Its Name" New York Times. Retrieved on 10 September 2007. Reprinted as "Central Park Zoo's Gay Penguins Ignite Debate", San Francisco Chronicle.
Sommer, Volker & Paul L. Vasey (2006). Homosexual Behaviour in Animals, An Evolutionary Perspective. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge; ISBN 0521864461.
Srivastav, Suvira (15–31 December 2001). "Lion, Without Lioness"
Stein, Edward (1999) The Mismeasure of Desire: The Science, Theory, and Ethics of Sexual Orientation; Oxford University Press, US; ISBN 0195142446.
Tatarnic, Nikolai J., Gerasimos Cassis, Dieter F. Hochuli; 22 March 2006 "Traumatic insemination in the plant bug genus Coridromius Signoret (Heteroptera: Miridae)" Biology Letters Journal Volume 2, Number 1, pg 58-61: Royal Society Publishing; Retrieved 16 June 2010.
Terry, Jennifer (2000) "'Unnatural Acts' In Nature: The Scientific Fascination with Queer Animals"; GLQ: A Journal of Lesbian and Gay Studies (6(2):151–193; OI:10.1215/10642684-6-2-151); Duke University Press.
Utzeri, C. & C. Belfiore (1990): "Anomalous tandems in Odonata". Fragmenta Entomologica 22(2), pp. 271–288.  Retrieved 11 September 2007.
Vasey, Paul L. (1995), "Homosexual Behaviour in Primates: A Review of Evidence and Theory"; International Journal of Primatology 16: p 173-204.
Vilet, Kent A. (2000), "Courtship behaviour of American Alligators, Alligator mississippiensis"; Crocodilian Biology and Evolution, pages 383–408
Wilson, Anna (2003). “Sexing the Hyena: Intraspecies Readings of the Female Phallus”. Signs (University of Chicago Press) 28 (3):  755–790. doi:10.1086/345320. JSTOR 10.1086/345320. https://doi.org/10.1086/345320.
Zimmer, Carl (2000); Parasite Rex: Inside the Bizarre World of Nature's Most Dangerous Creatures; Simon and Schuster, ISBN 0743213718. Retrieved 18 November 2007.
フライフィッシングの餌に飛びつくホッキョクカワヒバリ（Thymallus arcticus）。1950 年代にさかのぼる研究では、オスとメスの両方のカワヒバリが同性愛行動を示すことがわかっている。
アスピドセリス属の3種
トビイロトンボ（Basiaeschna janata）の頭
雄のコクゾウは、交尾の練習と「古くて効果の低い」精子を取り除くために同性同士の交尾を行う。