人為的な要因による死者数一覧
強制労働・奴隷貿易

ここでは、労働条件の悪さによる死亡、労働能力を十分に発揮できなかったことによる死刑、輸送中や職場での労働者の不当な扱いによる死亡について一覧を載せる。
| 出来事 | 低い推定 | 高い推定 | 相乗平均 | 場所 | 開始 | 終了 | 期間 | 備考 |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| アラブ人の奴隷貿易 | 7006754500000000000♠7,545,000 | 7007700000000000000♠70,000,000 | 7007229815140000000♠22,981,514 | Middle East, North Africa, and the Horn of Africa | 700s | 1899 | more than 1100 years |  1500 to 1899: (1500 - 1599- 1.000.000 - 1,300,000 (Africans  115,000 - 180,000 ( Europeans )  (1600 - 1699  1,300,000 ( Africans )  130,000 - 200,000 ( Europeans )  (1700 - 1799)- 2,000,000 ( Africans)   (1800 - 1899)- 3.000.000 ( Africans )  Other sources estimate as many as 70 million could have perished. |
| 労働改造制度 | 7007150000000000000♠15,000,000 | 7007270000000000000♠27,000,000 | 7007201246100000000♠20,124,610 | China | 1945 | 1976 | 31 years | Laogai (勞改/劳改), the abbreviation for Láodòng Gǎizào (勞動改造/劳动改造), which means "reform through labor", is a slogan of the Chinese criminal justice system and has been used to refer to the use of penal labour and prison farms in the People's Republic of China (PRC), which once took up more than half of the world's slaves.[要出典] Laogai is different from laojiao, or re-education through labor, which was an administrative detention for a person who was not a criminal but had committed minor offenses, and was intended to reform offenders into law-abiding citizens. Persons detained under laojiao were detained in facilities that were separate from the general prison system of laogai. Both systems, however, involved penal labor.[要出典] |
| 大西洋奴隷貿易 | 7006200000000000000♠2,000,000 | 7007600000000000000♠60,000,000 | 7007109544510000000♠10,954,451 | Africa, the Americas, and the Atlantic | 1500s | 1700s | 200 years |  |
| オスマン帝国における奴隷制 | 7007105000000000000♠10,500,000 | 7007112500000000000♠11,250,000 | 7007108685330000000♠10,868,533 | Eurasia, Middle East, North Africa | 1450 | 1800 | 350 years | There is no concrete number for the number of people killed due to the Barbary Slave Trade. The method many people use is to estimate the mortality rate of slave raids and multiply them by the number people took as slaves. Scholars estimates 3 people were killed for every 1 slave abducted. Includes Barbary Slave Trade.[要出典] |
| コンゴ自由国における残虐 | 7006300000000000000♠3,000,000 | 7007130000000000000♠13,000,000 | 7006624499800000000♠6,244,998 | Congo Free State | 7003188500000000000♠1885 | 7003190800000000000♠1908 | 23 years | Private forces under the control of Leopold II of Belgium carried out mass murders, mutilations, and other crimes against the Congolese in order to encourage the gathering of valuable raw materials, principally rubber. Significant deaths also occurred due to major disease outbreaks and starvation, caused by population displacement and poor treatment. Estimates of the death toll vary considerably because of the lack of a formal census before 1924, but a commonly cited figure of 10 million deaths was obtained by estimating a 50% decline in the total population during the Congo Free State and applying it to the total population of 10 million in 1924. |
| グラグ制度 | 7006105382900000000♠1,053,829 | 7006600000000000000♠6,000,000 | 7006251455200000000♠2,514,552 | Soviet Union | 1930s | 1950s | 20 years | Gulag is an acronym for the organization that administered the forced labor system in the Soviet Union that became a colloquialism in the west for the camps themselves. The system was used to punish criminals, political dissidents, and prisoners of war.[要出典] There is a growing consensus among scholars that, based on archival data, the number of deaths in the gulag system fall within the range 1.5 to 1.7 million. |
| 北朝鮮における強制労働 | 7005400000000000000♠400,000 | 7006150000000000000♠1,500,000 | 7005774597000000000♠774,597 | North Korea | 1972 | ongoing | 46 years |  |
| アシエンダ制における奴隷労働 | 7005173000000000000♠173,000 | 7006201500000000000♠2,015,000 | 7005590419000000000♠590,419 | Mexico | 1900 | 1920 | 20 years | R.J. Rummel, coiner of the word "Democide," estimated the mortality rate for Mexican Peonage, a form of debt labor, by comparing it to similar forced labor systems such as the Soviet Gulag, and then applying and reducing it accordingly to the population of Mexico at the time, coming up with an annual death rate of 69,000.[要出典] |
| 大日本帝国による朝鮮人の強制労働 | 7005270000000000000♠270,000 | 7005810000000000000♠810,000 | 7005467654000000000♠467,654 | Korea and Manchuria | 1939 | 1945 | 6 years |  |
| フランス植民地帝国における奴隷制 | 7005200000000000000♠200,000 | 7007130000000000000♠13,000,000 | 7006161245200000000♠1,612,452 | Africa | 1900 | 1940 | 40 years | [信頼性要検証] |
| ポルトガルの奴隷制 | 7005325000000000000♠325,000 | 7005325000000000000♠325,000 | 7005325000000000000♠325,000 | Portuguese Empire | 1900 | 1925 | 25 years | [信頼性要検証] |
| バルバリア奴隷貿易 | 7005245000000000000♠245,000 | 7005380000000000000♠380,000 | 7005305123000000000♠305,123 | Italy, Spain, and Portugal | 1500s | 1600s | 100 years | – Part of Slavery in the Ottoman Empire |
| アマゾンのゴムブームにおける奴隷制 | 7005250000000000000♠250,000 | 7005250000000000000♠250,000 | 7005250000000000000♠250,000 | Amazon, Brazil | 1900 | 1912 | 12 years | [信頼性要検証] |
| 泰緬鉄道の建設 | 7005102621000000000♠102,621 | 7005102621000000000♠102,621 | 7005102621000000000♠102,621 | Burma | 1943 | 1947 | 4 years |  Forced labour was used in the construction of the Burma Railway. More than 180,000 Southeast Asian civilian labourers (Romusha) and 60,000 Allied prisoners of war (POWs) worked on the railway. Of these, estimates of Romusha deaths are little more than guesses, but probably about 90,000 died. 12,621 Allied POWs died during the construction. The dead POWs included 6,904 British personnel, 2,802 Australians, 2,782 Dutch, and 133 Americans. |
| スエズ運河建設 | 7004300000000000000♠30,000 | 7005120000000000000♠120,000 | 7004670820000000000♠67,082 | Egypt, and Sudan | 1859 | 1868 | 9 years | French diplomat Ferdinand de Lesseps had obtained many concessions from Isma'il Pasha, the Khedive of Egypt and Sudan in 1854–56 to build the Suez Canal. Some sources estimate the workforce at 30,000, but others estimate that 120,000 workers died over the ten years of construction due to malnutrition, fatigue, and disease, especially cholera. |
| ペルーにおける中国人労働者の強制労働 | 7004400000000000000♠40,000 | 7004500540000000000♠50,054 | 7004447460000000000♠44,746 | Peru | 1849 | 1874 | 26 years | 80,000 to 100,000 Chinese contract laborers, 95% of which were Cantonese and almost all of which were male, were sent mostly to the sugar plantations from 1849 to 1874, during the termination of slavery. They were to provide continuous labor for the coastal guano mines and especially for the coastal plantations where they became a major labor force (contributing greatly to the Peruvian guano boom) until the end of the century. While the coolies were believed to be reduced to virtual slaves, they also represented a historical transition from slave to free labor. A third group of Chinese workers was contracted for the construction of the railway from Lima to La Oroya and Huancayo. Chinese migrants were barred from using cemeteries reserved for Roman Catholics, and were instead buried at pre-Incan burial sites. Between 1849 and 1874 half the Chinese population of Peru perished due to abuse, exhaustion, and suicide caused by forced labor. |
| 大日本帝国による連合国軍人捕虜の強制労働 | 7004350000000000000♠35,000 | 7004350000000000000♠35,000 | 7004350000000000000♠35,000 | In and around the Pacific | 1939 | 1945 | 6 years | According to the Japanese military's own record, nearly 25% of 140,000 Allied POWs died while interned in Japanese prison camps, where they were forced to work (U.S. POWs died at a rate of 27%). |
| FIFAワールドカップに関連したクウェートの人権侵害 | 7003120000000000000♠1,200 | 7003180000000000000♠1,800 | 7003134200000000000♠1,342 | Qatar | 2013 | ongoing | 5 years | Out of at least 100,000 laborers. |