条鰭類
出典・脚注

↑  Zhao, W.; Zhang, X.; Jia, G.; Shen, Y.; Zhu, M. (2021). “The Silurian-Devonian boundary in East Yunnan (South China) and the minimum constraint for the lungfish-tetrapod split”. Science China Earth Sciences 64 (10):  1784–1797. Bibcode: 2021ScChD..64.1784Z. doi:10.1007/s11430-020-9794-8. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/353479392.
↑  資料によって一定しない。 によると他に Cope, 1871, Cope, 1887, Cope, 1891, Woodward, 1891 など。 は（理由を挙げずに）「Cope, 1887 ではなく Klein, 1885」としている。
↑  Kardong, Kenneth (2015). Vertebrates: Comparative Anatomy, Function, Evolution. New York: McGraw-Hill Education. pp. 99–100. ISBN 978-0-07-802302-6
1 2  Nelson, Joseph S. (2016). Fishes of the World. John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 978-1-118-34233-6
↑  (Davis, Brian 2010).
1 2  Funk, Emily; Breen, Catriona; Sanketi, Bhargav; Kurpios, Natasza; McCune, Amy (2020). “Changing in Nkx2.1, Sox2, Bmp4, and Bmp16 expression underlying the lung-to-gas bladder evolutionary transition in ray-finned fishes”. Evolution & Development 22 (5):  384–402. doi:10.1111/ede.12354. PMC 8013215. PMID 33463017. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8013215/.
↑  Funk, Emily C.; Breen, Catriona; Sanketi, Bhargav D.; Kurpios, Natasza; McCune, Amy (25 September 2020). “Changes in Nkx2.1, Sox2, Bmp4, and Bmp16 expression underlying the lung-to-gas bladder evolutionary transition in ray-finned fishes”. Evolution & Development 22 (5):  384–402. doi:10.1111/ede.12354. PMC 8013215. PMID 33463017. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8013215/.
↑  Zhang, Ruihua; Liu, Qun; Pan, Shanshan; Zhang, Yingying; Qin, Yating; Du, Xiao; Yuan, Zengbao; Lu, Yongrui et al. (13 September 2023). “A single-cell atlas of West African lungfish respiratory system reveals evolutionary adaptations to terrestrialization”. Nature Communications 14 (1):  5630. Bibcode: 2023NatCo..14.5630Z. doi:10.1038/s41467-023-41309-3. PMC 10497629. PMID 37699889. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10497629/.
↑  Scadeng, Miriam; McKenzie, Christina; He, Weston; Bartsch, Hauke; Dubowitz, David J.; Stec, Dominik; St. Leger, Judy (25 November 2020). “Morphology of the Amazonian Teleost Genus Arapaima Using Advanced 3D Imaging”. Frontiers in Physiology 11:  260. doi:10.3389/fphys.2020.00260. PMC 7197331. PMID 32395105. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7197331/.
↑  Martin, Rene P; Dias, Abigail S; Summers, Adam P; Gerringer, Mackenzie E (16 October 2022). “Bone Density Variation in Rattails (Macrouridae, Gadiformes): Buoyancy, Depth, Body Size, and Feeding”. Integrative Organismal Biology 4 (1):  obac044. doi:10.1093/iob/obac044. PMC 9652093. PMID 36381998. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9652093/.
↑  『魚学入門』 p.23
↑  “Actinopterygii Klein, 1885” (英語). www.gbif.org. 2024年6月17日閲覧。
↑  Davesne, Donald; Friedman, Matt; Schmitt, Armin D.; Fernandez, Vincent; Carnevale, Giorgio; Ahlberg, Per E.; Sanchez, Sophie; Benson, Roger B. J. (27 July 2021). “Fossilized cell structures identify an ancient origin for the teleost whole-genome duplication”. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 118 (30). Bibcode: 2021PNAS..11801780D. doi:10.1073/pnas.2101780118. PMC 8325350. PMID 34301898. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8325350/.
↑  Parey, Elise; Louis, Alexandra; Montfort, Jerome; Guiguen, Yann; Crollius, Hugues Roest; Berthelot, Camille (12 August 2022). “An atlas of fish genome evolution reveals delayed rediploidization following the teleost whole-genome duplication”. Genome Research 32 (9):  1685–1697. doi:10.1101/gr.276953.122. PMC 9528989. PMID 35961774. https://genome.cshlp.org/content/early/2022/08/12/gr.276953.122.
↑  Du, Kang; Stöck, Matthias; Kneitz, Susanne; Klopp, Christophe; Woltering, Joost M.; Adolfi, Mateus Contar; Feron, Romain; Prokopov, Dmitry et al. (2020). “The sterlet sturgeon genome sequence and the mechanisms of segmental rediploidization” (英語). Nature Ecology & Evolution 4 (6):  841–852. Bibcode: 2020NatEE...4..841D. doi:10.1038/s41559-020-1166-x. ISSN 2397-334X. PMID 32231327. https://www.nature.com/articles/s41559-020-1166-x.
↑  Kuraku, Shigehiro; Sato, Mana; Yoshida, Kohta; Uno, Yoshinobu (2024). “Genomic reconsideration of fish non-monophyly: why cannot we simply call them all 'fish'?” (英語). Ichthyological Research 71 (1):  1–12. Bibcode: 2024IchtR..71....1K. doi:10.1007/s10228-023-00939-9. ISSN 1616-3915. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10228-023-00939-9.
↑  Xu, Peng; Xu, Jian; Liu, Guangjian; Chen, Lin; Zhou, Zhixiong; Peng, Wenzhu; Jiang, Yanliang; Zhao, Zixia et al. (2019). “The allotetraploid origin and asymmetrical genome evolution of the common carp Cyprinus carpio” (英語). Nature Communications 10 (1):  4625. Bibcode: 2019NatCo..10.4625X. doi:10.1038/s41467-019-12644-1. ISSN 2041-1723. PMID 31604932. https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-019-12644-1.
↑  分岐鰭亜綱は鰓条骨を、軟質下綱は間鰓蓋骨をそれぞれ欠く。
↑  『Fishes of the World Fourth Edition』 pp.87–88
↑  Dorit, R.L.; Walker, W.F.; Barnes, R.D. (1991). Zoology. Saunders College Publishing. p. 819. ISBN 978-0-03-030504-7. https://archive.org/details/zoology0000dori
↑  Avise, J.C.; Mank, J.E. (2009). “Evolutionary perspectives on hermaphroditism in fishes”. Sexual Development 3 (2–3):  152–163. doi:10.1159/000223079. PMID 19684459. https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1px4b8qn.
↑  Pitcher, T (1993). The Behavior of Teleost Fishes. London: Chapman & Hall
1 2 3  Reynolds, John; Nicholas B. Goodwin; Robert P. Freckleton (19 March 2002). “Evolutionary Transitions in Parental Care and Live Bearing in Vertebrates”. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 357 (1419):  269–281. doi:10.1098/rstb.2001.0930. PMC 1692951. PMID 11958696. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1692951/.
↑  Maxwell (2018). “Re-evaluation of the ontogeny and reproductive biology of the Triassic fish Saurichthys (Actinopterygii, Saurichthyidae)”. Palaeontology 61:  559–574. doi:10.5061/dryad.vc8h5.
↑  Clutton-Brock, T. H.『The Evolution of Parental Care』Princeton UP、Princeton, NJ、1991年。
↑  Werren, John; Mart R. Gross; Richard Shine (1980). “Paternity and the evolution of male parentage”. Journal of Theoretical Biology 82 (4):  619–631. doi:10.1016/0022-5193(80)90182-4. PMID 7382520. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/222458526 15 September 2013閲覧。.
↑  Baylis, Jeffrey (1981). “The Evolution of Parental Care in Fishes, with reference to Darwin's rule of male sexual selection”. Environmental Biology of Fishes 6 (2):  223–251. Bibcode: 1981EnvBF...6..223B. doi:10.1007/BF00002788.
↑  Wootton, Robert J.; Smith, Carl (2014). Reproductive Biology of Teleost Fishes. Wiley. ISBN 978-1-118-89139-1. https://books.google.com/books?id=_YnjBAAAQBAJ
↑  Sallan, Lauren C. (February 2014). “Major issues in the origins of ray-finned fish (Actinopterygii) biodiversity”. Biological Reviews 89 (4):  950–971. doi:10.1111/brv.12086. hdl:2027.42/109271. PMID 24612207.
1 2  『日本の海水魚』 pp.14-18
↑  キャンベル11版 p.826.
↑  日本動物学会2018 pp.92-93
1 2 3 4  Thomas J. Near (2012). “Resolution of ray-finned fish phylogeny and timing of diversification”. PNAS 109 (34):  13698–13703. Bibcode: 2012PNAS..10913698N. doi:10.1073/pnas.1206625109. PMC 3427055. PMID 22869754. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3427055/.
1 2  Betancur-R, Ricardo (2013). “The Tree of Life and a New Classification of Bony Fishes”. PLOS Currents Tree of Life 5 (Edition 1). doi:10.1371/currents.tol.53ba26640df0ccaee75bb165c8c26288. hdl:2027.42/150563. PMC 3644299. PMID 23653398. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3644299/.
↑  Laurin, M.; Reisz, R.R. (1995). “A reevaluation of early amniote phylogeny”. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 113 (2):  165–223. doi:10.1111/j.1096-3642.1995.tb00932.x.
↑  “Fossilworks: Andreolepis”. 12 February 2010時点のオリジナルよりアーカイブ。14 May 2008閲覧。
↑  Henderson, Struan; Dunne, Emma M.; Fasey, Sophie A.; Giles, Sam (3 October 2022). “The early diversification of ray-finned fishes (Actinopterygii): hypotheses, challenges and future prospects”. Biological Reviews 98 (1):  284–315. doi:10.1111/brv.12907. PMC 10091770. PMID 36192821. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10091770/.
↑  Arratia, G. (2015). “Complexities of early teleostei and the evolution of particular morphological structures through time.”. Copeia 103 (4):  999–1025. doi:10.1643/CG-14-184.
↑  Romano, Carlo; Koot, Martha B.; Kogan, Ilja; Brayard, Arnaud; Minikh, Alla V.; Brinkmann, Winand; Bucher, Hugo; Kriwet, Jürgen (February 2016). “Permian-Triassic Osteichthyes (bony fishes): diversity dynamics and body size evolution”. Biological Reviews 91 (1):  106–147. doi:10.1111/brv.12161. PMID 25431138. https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01253154.
1 2  “Chondrosteans: Sturgeon Relatives”.   paleos.com. 25 December 2010時点のオリジナルよりアーカイブ。2024年6月17日閲覧。
↑  Theodore Holmes Bullock、Carl D. Hopkins、Arthur N. Popper『Electroreception』Springer Science+Business Media, Incorporated、2005年、229頁。ISBN 978-0-387-28275-6。https://books.google.com/books?id=d1-rak1asv0C&pg=PA229。
↑  Betancur-Rodriguez (2017). “Phylogenetic Classification of Bony Fishes Version 4”. BMC Evolutionary Biology 17 (1):  162. doi:10.1186/s12862-017-0958-3. PMC 5501477. PMID 28683774. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5501477/.
↑  "Actinopterygii" (英語). Integrated Taxonomic Information System. 2006年4月3日閲覧。
↑   R. Froese and D. Pauly: “FishBase” (February 2006). 5 July 2018時点のオリジナルよりアーカイブ。8 January 2020閲覧。
↑  Van der Laan, Richard (2016). Family-group names of fossil fishes. doi:10.13140/RG.2.1.2130.1361. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/317888989
↑  Xu, Guang-Hui (2021-01-09). “A new stem-neopterygian fish from the Middle Triassic (Anisian) of Yunnan, China, with a reassessment of the relationships of early neopterygian clades” (英語). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 191 (2):  375–394. doi:10.1093/zoolinnean/zlaa053. ISSN 0024-4082. https://academic.oup.com/zoolinnean/article/191/2/375/5859858.
↑  Nelson と ITISではトゲウオ目の亜目とされる。
ウィキスピーシーズにに関する情報があります。
ウィキメディア・コモンズには、に関連するメディアがあります。
一般的な条鰭類の解剖学 (シクリッド)
A: 背鰭, B: 鰭条, C: 側線, D: 腎臓, E: 鰾, F: ウェーバー器官, G: 内耳, H: 脳, I: 鼻孔, L: 眼, M: 鰓, N: 心臓, O: 胃, P: 胆嚢, Q: 脾臓, R: 生殖器 (卵巣または精巣), S: 腹鰭, T: 脊椎, U: 臀鰭, V: 尾 (尾鰭). その他の器官: ひげ, 脂鰭, ゴノポディウム
イトヨの繁殖の様子
条鰭類の進化
デボン紀のケイロレピスの化石。初期の条鰭類である
石炭紀のエロニクティスの化石
ペルム紀のアエデュエラの化石
三畳紀のボバサトラニアの化石
三畳紀のトラコプテルスの化石
ジュラ紀のアスピドリンクスの化石
ジュラ紀のパキコルムスの化石
白亜紀のヤノステウスの化石
白亜紀のネマトノータスの化石
始新世のギンカガミ科魚類であるMene oblongaの化石
始新世のカレイ目魚類であるAmphistium paradoxumの化石
ヤプレシアンのモロネ科魚類であるプリスカカラの化石
中新世のヨウジウオ目魚類であるNerophis zapfeiの化石
リングコッド Ophiodon elongatus（カサゴ目アイナメ科）の骨格標本。上顎は前上顎骨によって縁取られ、可動性が高くなっている
ニシアンコウの骨格。背鰭棘が釣り竿のように変化している
ウツボ類による咽頭顎の突出機構。条鰭類は進化の過程で主上顎骨を遊離させるとともに、舌弓・下顎骨と鰓蓋骨との靱帯による連結構造を発達させ、顎の可動性・伸出性を飛躍的に高めることに成功した
イエロージャック Carangoides bartholomaei（スズキ目アジ科）の群れ。スズキ目は現代の水圏で最も繁栄する条鰭類となっている