人為的な要因による死者数一覧
病気・飢餓

→詳細は「飢饉」および「飢饉の一覧」を参照
ここでは、人間の行動によって引き起こされた、または悪化させた飢饉や病気の発生について一覧を載せている。
なお、こうした飢饉や病気の中には、部分的には自然が原因であるものもある。
| 出来事 | 低い推定 | 高い推定 | 相乗平均 | 場所 | 開始 | 終了 | 期間 | 備考 |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 中華人民共和国大飢饉 | 7007116000000000000♠11,600,000 | 7007550000000000000♠55,000,000 | 7007252586620000000♠25,258,662 | 中国 | 1958 | 1962 | 4 years | During the Great Leap Forward under Mao Zedong tens of millions of Chinese starved to death. State violence during this period further exacerbated the death toll, and some 2.5 million people were beaten or tortured to death in connection with Great Leap policies. |
| 第二次世界大戦による病気と飢饉 | 7007190000000000000♠19,000,000 | 7007280000000000000♠28,000,000 | 7007230651300000000♠23,065,130 | 世界全体 | 1939 | 1945 | 6 years | See also: World War II casualties |
| イギリス統治下のインドにおける飢饉 | 12,000,000 | 51,000,000+ | 20,500,000 | インド | 1757 | 1947 | 190 years | Between 12 and 51 million Indians (or even more) died of starvation while India under British rule (East India Company and British Raj). Millions of tonnes of wheat were exported to Britain as famine raged. |
| Indian famine of 1896–97 and the Indian famine of 1899–1900 | 7006840000000000000♠8,400,000 | 7007190000000000000♠19,000,000 | 7007137000000000000♠13,700,000 | イギリス領インド帝国 | 1896 | 1900 | 4 years | ENSO famines. See also: Late Victorian Holocausts. |
| 大日本帝国による飢饉と病気 | 7006813600000000000♠8,136,000 | 7007149360000000000♠14,936,000 | 7007110235790000000♠11,023,579 | 大日本帝国 | 1937 | 1945 | 8 years | Combined death tolls from famine and disease from China, Vietnam, Indonesia, and the Philippines. →「World War II casualties」も参照 |
| 1876年から79年にかけての中国北部での飢饉 | 7006900000000000000♠9,000,000[要出典] | 7007130000000000000♠13,000,000 | 7007108166500000000♠10,816,650 | 中国 | 1876 | 1879 | 3 years | ENSO famine. →「Late Victorian Holocausts」も参照 |
| 1770年のベンガル地方における飢饉 | 7007100000000000000♠10,000,000 | 7007100000000000000♠10,000,000 | 7007100000000000000♠10,000,000 | ベンガル管区 | 1769 | 1773 | 4 years | The famine killed a third of the Bengali population at the time. It is attributed to the policies of the ruling British East India Company. |
| Great Famine of 1876–78 | 7006610000000000000♠6,100,000 | 7007103200000000000♠10,320,000 | 7006830000000000000♠8,300,000[信頼性要検証] | イギリス領インド帝国 | 1876 | 1878 | 2 years | ENSO famine. See also: Late Victorian Holocausts. |
| 1921年から22年にかけてのロシアでの飢饉 | 7006500000000000000♠5,000,000 | 7007100000000000000♠10,000,000 | 7006707107200000000♠7,071,072 | ソビエト・ロシア | 1921 | 1922 | 1 year | May have been exacerbated by War Communism policies, but it is debatable to which extent. See also: Droughts and famines in Russia and the Soviet Union, and Russian Civil War, with its policy of War communism, especially prodrazvyorstka. |
| 日中戦争による飢餓と病気 | 7006500000000000000♠5,000,000 | 7007100000000000000♠10,000,000 | 7006707106800000000♠7,071,068 | 中国 | 1937 | 1945 | 8 years | See also: World War II casualties. |
| 第一次世界大戦による飢饉と病気 | 7006541100000000000♠5,411,000 | 7006610000000000000♠6,100,000 | 7006574518100000000♠5,745,181 | 世界全体 | 1914 | 1918 | 4 years | See also: World War I casualties. |
| 1932年から33年にかけてのソ連での飢饉Soviet famine of 1932–33 | 7006400000000000000♠4,000,000 | 7006800000000000000♠8,000,000 | 7006565685400000000♠5,656,854 | ソ連 | 1932 | 1933 | 1 year | The majority of famine victims were Ukrainian. Many nations, including Ukraine, regard the famine's effect in the Ukraine as a genocide against Ukraine, known as the Holodomor.  2.0 – 6.0 million: Ukraine 1.00 – 1.45 million: Kazakhstan 1 million: North Caucasus |
| Famine and disease caused by the Second Congo War | 7006380000000000000♠3,800,000 | 7006540000000000000♠5,400,000 | 7006452990100000000♠4,529,901 | アフリカ | 1998 | 2004 | 6 years | Majority of those who died in war perished from famine and disease. |
| Iranian famine of 1917–1919 | 7006200000000000000♠2,000,000 | 7007100000000000000♠10,000,000 | 7006447213600000000♠4,472,136 | イラン | 1917 | 1919 | 3 years | The Persian famine of 1917–1919 was a period of widespread mass starvation and disease in Persia (Iran). The famine took place in the occupied territory of Iran that had declared neutrality. According to the estimates acknowledged, 2–10 million people died of hunger and disease. A variety of factors are commented to have caused and contributed to the famine such as war profiteering, and poor harvests but mainly requisitioning and confiscation of foodstuffs by the occupying Russian and British armies. |
| Famine and disease caused by Decommunization | 7006400000000000000♠4,000,000+ | 7006400000000000000♠4,000,000+ | 7006400000000000000♠4,000,000+ | Former States of the Soviet Union and Eastern Bloc | 1991 | 2000 | 9 years | Deaths caused by decrease in living conditions in Russia and other former Communist States after the fall of the Soviet Union. |
| Bengal famine of 1943 | 7006300000000000000♠3,000,000 | 7006400000000000000♠4,000,000 | 7006346410000000000♠3,464,100 | イギリス領インド帝国 | 1943 | 1944 | 1 year | The Japanese conquest of Burma cut off India's main supply of rice imports, however, war-related administrative policies in British India ultimately helped to cause the massive death toll. |
| Famine and diseased caused by the Biafran Blockade during Nigeria's Civil War | 7006200000000000000♠2,000,000 | 7006300000000000000♠3,000,000 | 7006244949000000000♠2,449,490 | ナイジェリア | 1967 | 1970 | 3 years | More than two million Igbo died from the famine imposed deliberately through blockades during the war. Lack of medicine also contributed. Thousands starved to death daily as the war progressed.[要出典] |
| Famine and disease during the Japanese occupation of the Dutch East Indies | 7006240000000000000♠2,400,000 | 7006240000000000000♠2,400,000 | 7006240000000000000♠2,400,000 | インドネシア | 1944 | 1945 | 1 year | An estimated 2.4 million Indonesians starved to death during the Japanese occupation of Indonesia. The problem was partly caused by failures of the main 1944–45 rice crop, but the main cause was the compulsory rice purchasing system that the Japanese authorities put in place to secure rice for distribution to the armed forces and urban population. |
| Soviet famine of 1946–47 | 7006100000000000000♠1,000,000 | 7006150000000000000♠1,500,000 | 7006122474500000000♠1,224,745 | ソ連 | 1946 | 1947 | 1 year | Debated as to whether it was caused by war or government policy. |
| 苦難の行軍 | 7005240000000000000♠240,000 | 5,000,000 | 1,090,000 | 北朝鮮 | 1994 | 1998 | 4 years | The famine stemmed from a variety of factors. Economic mismanagement and the loss of Soviet support caused food production and imports to decline rapidly. A series of floods and droughts exacerbated the crisis, but were not its direct cause. The North Korean government and its centrally-planned system proved too inflexible to effectively curtail the disaster. Recent research suggests the likely number of excess deaths between 1993 and 2000 was about 330,000. |
| ジャガイモ飢饉 | 7005750000000000000♠750,000 | 7006150000000000000♠1,500,000 | 7006106066000000000♠1,060,660 | アイルランド | 1846 | 1849 | 3 years | Although blight ravaged potato crops throughout Europe during the 1840s, the impact and human cost in Ireland, where a third of the population was significantly dependent on the Irish Lumper potato for food, was exacerbated by a host of political, social and economic factors, which continue to remain the subject of historical debate. |
| Vietnamese Famine of 1945 | 7005400000000000000♠400,000 | 7006200000000000000♠2,000,000 | 7005894427000000000♠894,427 | ベトナム | 1944 | 1945 | 1 year | The Japanese occupation during World War II caused the famine in North Vietnam. |
| Cambodian Holocaust Famine | 7005800000000000000♠800,000 | 7005950000000000000♠950,000 | 7005871780000000000♠871,780 | カンボジア | 1975 | 1979 | 4 years | An estimated 2 million Cambodians lost their lives to murder, forced labor, and famine, perpetrated by the Khmer Rouge, nearly half of which was caused by forced starvation. Came to an end due to invasion by Vietnam in 1979. |
| 1983–85 famine in Ethiopia | 7005400000000000000♠400,000 | 7006100000000000000♠1,000,000 | 7005632456000000000♠632,456 | エチオピア | 1983 | 1985 | 2 years | The famines that struck Ethiopia between 1961 and 1985, especially the one of 1983–1985, were in large part created by government policies. |
| Famine and disease during the Japanese occupation of the Philippines | 7005336000000000000♠336,000 | 7005336000000000000♠336,000 | 7005336000000000000♠336,000 | フィリピン | 1942 | 1945 | 3 years | See also: World War I casualties. |
| Cuban War of Independence Famine | 7005300000000000000♠300,000 | 7005300000000000000♠300,000 | 7005300000000000000♠300,000 | キューバ | 1895 | 1898 | 3 years | Most of dead in this war perished from famine and disease. |
| Great Famine of Mount Lebanon | 7005200000000000000♠200,000 | 7005200000000000000♠200,000 | 7005200000000000000♠200,000 | レバノン山脈、オスマン帝国 | 1915 | 1918 | 3 years | Around 200,000 people starved to death at a time when the population of Mount Lebanon was estimated at 400,000. The Mount Lebanon famine caused the highest fatality rate by population of World War I. Bodies were piled in the streets, and people were reported to be eating street animals, while some resorted to cannibalism. |
| 1998 Sudan famine | 7004700000000000000♠70,000 | 7004700000000000000♠70,000 | 7004700000000000000♠70,000 | スーダン | 1998 | 1998 | ? | The famine was caused almost entirely by human rights abuse and the war in Southern Sudan. |
| Famine in Yemen (2016–present) | 7004500000000000000♠50,000 children | 7004500000000000000♠50,000 children | 7004500000000000000♠50,000 children | イエメン | 2016 | present | 2 years | The famine was triggered by Saudi Arabia's intervention into the Yemeni Civil War, which is backed by Western powers including the United States. Around 13 million people, or roughly half of the country's population, is facing starvation in what the UN calls "the worst famine in the world in 100 years". |