エチニルエストラジオール
参考資料

1 2  “Pharmacokinetics of ethinyl estradiol and mestranol”. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 163 (6 Pt 2):  2114–9. (1990). doi:10.1016/0002-9378(90)90550-Q. PMID 2256522.
↑  “An overview of the development of combined oral contraceptives containing estradiol: focus on estradiol valerate/dienogest”. Gynecological Endocrinology 28 (5):  400–8. (2012). doi:10.3109/09513590.2012.662547. PMC 3399636. PMID 22468839. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3399636/.
↑  “Bioavailability of orally administered sex steroids used in oral contraception and hormone replacement therapy”. Contraception 54 (2):  59–69. (August 1996). doi:10.1016/0010-7824(96)00136-9. PMID 8842581.
↑  Facts and Comparisons (Firm); Ovid Technologies, Inc (2005). Drug Facts and Comparisons 2005: Pocket Version. Facts and Comparisons. p. 121. ISBN 978-1-57439-179-4. https://books.google.com/books?id=zumzLgzj1CsC&q=ethinyl+estradiol+albumin
↑  Micromedex (1 January 2003). USP DI 2003: Drug Information for Healthcare Professionals. Thomson Micromedex. pp. 1253, 1258, 1266. ISBN 978-1-56363-429-1. https://books.google.com/books?id=zEzWtsVl-KgC
1 2  Claude L Hughes; Michael D. Waters (23 March 2016). Translational Toxicology: Defining a New Therapeutic Discipline. Humana Press. pp. 73–. ISBN 978-3-319-27449-2. https://books.google.com/books?id=5qPWCwAAQBAJ&pg=PA73
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14  “Pharmacology of estrogens and progestogens: influence of different routes of administration”. Climacteric 8 Suppl 1:  3–63. (2005). doi:10.1080/13697130500148875. PMID 16112947. http://hormonebalance.org/images/documents/Kuhl%2005%20%20Pharm%20Estro%20Progest%20Climacteric_1313155660.pdf.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31  Michael Oettel; Ekkehard Schillinger (6 December 2012). Estrogens and Antiestrogens II: Pharmacology and Clinical Application of Estrogens and Antiestrogen. Springer Science & Business Media. pp. 4,10,15,165,247–248,276–291,363–408,424,514,540,543,581. ISBN 978-3-642-60107-1. https://books.google.com/books?id=wBvyCAAAQBAJ&pg=PA369. "The binding affinity of EE2 for the estrogen receptor is similar to that of estradiol. [...] During daily intake, the EE2 levels increase up to a steady state which is reached after about 1 week."
1 2 3 4 5 6  “Ethinyl estradiol and 17β-estradiol in combined oral contraceptives: pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics and risk assessment”. Contraception 87 (6):  706–27. (2013). doi:10.1016/j.contraception.2012.12.011. PMID 23375353.
↑  Shellenberger, T. E. (1986). “Pharmacology of estrogens”. The Climacteric in Perspective. pp. 393–410. doi:10.1007/978-94-009-4145-8_36. ISBN 978-94-010-8339-3. "Ethinyl estradiol is a synthetic and comparatively potent estrogen. As a result of the alkylation in 17-C position it is not a substrate for 17β dehydrogenase, an enzyme which transforms natural estradiol-17β to the less potent estrone in target organs."
↑  J. Elks (14 November 2014). The Dictionary of Drugs: Chemical Data: Chemical Data, Structures and Bibliographies. Springer. pp. 522–. ISBN 978-1-4757-2085-3. https://books.google.com/books?id=0vXTBwAAQBAJ&pg=PA522
↑  “Drugs@FDA: FDA Approved Drug Products”.   United States Food and Drug Administration. 22 December 2016閲覧。
↑  Fischer, Janos; Ganellin, C. Robin (2006) (英語). Analogue-based Drug Discovery. John Wiley & Sons. p. 482. ISBN 9783527607495. https://books.google.com/books?id=FjKfqkaKkAAC&pg=PA482
↑  J.G. Gruhn; R.R. Kazer (11 November 2013). Hormonal Regulation of the Menstrual Cycle: The Evolution of Concepts. Springer Science & Business Media. pp. 185–. ISBN 978-1-4899-3496-3. https://books.google.com/books?id=lFn0BwAAQBAJ&pg=PA185. "In 1964, ethinyl estradiol was introduced as an alternative to mestranol as the estrogenic component, [...]"
↑  “Oral contraception”. Med Clin North Am 99 (3):  479–503. (2015). doi:10.1016/j.mcna.2015.01.004. PMID 25841596.
↑  Donna Shoupe; Florence P. Haseltine (6 December 2012). Contraception. Springer Science & Business Media. pp. 112–. ISBN 978-1-4612-2730-4. https://books.google.com/books?id=cpDhBwAAQBAJ&pg=PA112
↑  Hamoda, Panay, Arya, Savvas, H, N, R (2016). “The British Menopause Society & Women's Health Concern 2016 recommendations on hormone replacement therapy in menopausal women”. Post Reproductive Health 22 (4):  165–183. doi:10.1177/2053369116680501.
↑  “The use of high-dose estrogens for the treatment of breast cancer”. Maturitas 95:  11–23. (January 2017). doi:10.1016/j.maturitas.2016.10.010. PMID 27889048.
↑  “Menopausal Hormone Therapy and Cancer Risk”.   American Cancer Society (February 13, 2015). 2021年9月15日閲覧。
1 2 3  “ヤーズフレックス配合錠 添付文書”. www.info.pmda.go.jp. 2021年9月14日閲覧。
1 2  “プロセキソール錠0.5mg 添付文書”. www.info.pmda.go.jp. 2021年9月14日閲覧。
1 2  “アンジュ21錠／アンジュ28錠 添付文書”. www.info.pmda.go.jp. 2021年9月14日閲覧。
1 2  “ジェミーナ配合錠 添付文書”. www.info.pmda.go.jp. 2021年9月14日閲覧。
1 2  “プラノバール配合錠 添付文書”. www.info.pmda.go.jp. 2021年9月14日閲覧。
1 2  “マーベロン21／マーベロン28 添付文書”. www.info.pmda.go.jp. 2021年9月14日閲覧。
1 2  “ルナベル配合錠LD／ルナベル配合錠ULD 添付文書”. www.info.pmda.go.jp. 2021年9月14日閲覧。
↑  Gallo, MF; Nanda, K; Grimes, DA; Lopez, LM; Schulz, KF (1 August 2013). “20 µg versus 20 µg estrogen combined oral contraceptives for contraception.”. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (8):  CD003989. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD003989.pub5. PMC 7173696. PMID 23904209. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7173696/.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12  Jeffrey K. Aronson (21 February 2009). Meyler's Side Effects of Endocrine and Metabolic Drugs. Elsevier. pp. 177, 219, 223, 224, 230, 232, 239, 242. ISBN 978-0-08-093292-7. https://books.google.com/books?id=BWMeSwVwfTkC&pg=PA177
↑  Kenneth L. Becker (2001). Principles and Practice of Endocrinology and Metabolism. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. pp. 1027. ISBN 978-0-7817-1750-2. https://books.google.com/books?id=FVfzRvaucq8C&pg=PA1027
↑  Gregory Pincus (22 October 2013). Hormones and Atherosclerosis: Proceedings of the Conference Held in Brighton, Utah, March 11-14, 1958. Elsevier Science. pp. 411–. ISBN 978-1-4832-7064-7. https://books.google.com/books?id=NiXgBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA411
1 2  “Plasma testosterone: an accurate monitor of hormone treatment in prostatic cancer”. Br J Urol 45 (6):  668–77. (December 1973). doi:10.1111/j.1464-410x.1973.tb12238.x. PMID 4359746.
1 2 3  Ekback, Maria Palmetun (2017). “Hirsutism, What to do?” (PDF). International Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolic Disorders 3 (3). doi:10.16966/2380-548X.140. ISSN 2380-548X. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/321245014.
1 2 3  Eberhard Nieschlag; Hermann M. Behre; Susan Nieschlag (26 July 2012). Testosterone: Action, Deficiency, Substitution. Cambridge University Press. pp. 62–. ISBN 978-1-107-01290-5. https://books.google.com/books?id=MkrAPaQ4wJkC&pg=PA62
1 2  IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans; World Health Organization; International Agency for Research on Cancer (2007). Combined Estrogen-progestogen Contraceptives and Combined Estrogen-progestogen Menopausal Therapy. World Health Organization. pp. 157, 433–. ISBN 978-92-832-1291-1. https://books.google.com/books?id=aGDU5xibtNgC&pg=PA433
↑  “Preclinical characterization of a novel diphenyl benzamide selective ERα agonist for hormone therapy in prostate cancer”. Endocrinology 153 (3):  1070–81. (2012). doi:10.1210/en.2011-1608. PMID 22294742.
↑  “Hormonal contraceptives for acne management”. Cutis 81 (1 Suppl):  13–8. (2008). PMID 18338653.
1 2  Stephen J. Winters; Ilpo T. Huhtaniemi (25 April 2017). Male Hypogonadism: Basic, Clinical and Therapeutic Principles. Humana Press. pp. 307–. ISBN 978-3-319-53298-1. https://books.google.com/books?id=UFi-DgAAQBAJ&pg=PA307
↑  “Nomegestrol acetate/estradiol: in oral contraception”. Drugs 72 (14):  1917–28. (2012). doi:10.2165/11208180-000000000-00000. PMID 22950535.
1 2  “Treatment of advanced prostatic cancer with parenteral cyproterone acetate: a phase III randomised trial”. Br J Urol 52 (3):  208–15. (1980). doi:10.1111/j.1464-410x.1980.tb02961.x. PMID 7000222.
1 2  “Clinical pharmacology of polyestradiol phosphate”. Prostate 13 (4):  299–304. (1988). doi:10.1002/pros.2990130405. PMID 3217277.
↑  “Suppression of plasma androgen levels with a combination therapy of depot-estrogen (Turisteron) and Dexamethasone in patients with prostatic cancer”. Exp. Clin. Endocrinol. 94 (3):  239–43. (1989). doi:10.1055/s-0029-1210905. PMID 2630306.
1 2 3  J. Larry Jameson; Leslie J. De Groot (18 May 2010). Endocrinology - E-Book: Adult and Pediatric. Elsevier Health Sciences. pp. 2282–. ISBN 978-1-4557-1126-0. https://books.google.com/books?id=W4dZ-URK8ZoC&pg=PA2282
↑  Louis J Denis; Keith Griffiths; Amir V Kaisary; Gerald P Murphy (1 March 1999). Textbook of Prostate Cancer: Pathology, Diagnosis and Treatment: Pathology, Diagnosis and Treatment. CRC Press. pp. 297–. ISBN 978-1-85317-422-3. https://books.google.com/books?id=GreZlojD-tYC&pg=PA297
↑  “Hormonal Therapy of Prostatic Cancer”. Cancer 45 Suppl 7:  1929–1936. (April 1980). doi:10.1002/cncr.1980.45.s7.1929. PMID 29603164.
↑  “Oral contraceptives: therapeutics versus adverse reactions, with an outlook for the future I”. J Pharm Sci 62 (2):  179–200. (February 1973). doi:10.1002/jps.2600620202. PMID 4568621.
↑  N. Rietbrock; A.H. Staib; D. Loew (11 March 2013). Klinische Pharmakologie: Arzneitherapie. Springer-Verlag. pp. 426–. ISBN 978-3-642-57636-2. https://books.google.com/books?id=FkwEBgAAQBAJ&pg=PA426
↑  Elger, Walter (1972). “Physiology and pharmacology of female reproduction under the aspect of fertility control”. Reviews of Physiology Biochemistry and Experimental Pharmacology, Volume 67. Ergebnisse der Physiologie Reviews of Physiology. 67. pp. 69–168. doi:10.1007/BFb0036328. ISBN 3-540-05959-8. PMID 4574573
↑  Bastianelli, Carlo; Farris, Manuela; Rosato, Elena; Brosens, Ivo; Benagiano, Giuseppe (2018). “Pharmacodynamics of combined estrogen-progestin oral contraceptives 3. Inhibition of ovulation”. Expert Review of Clinical Pharmacology 11 (11):  1085–1098. doi:10.1080/17512433.2018.1536544. ISSN 1751-2433. PMID 30325245.
↑  Jorge Martinez-Manautou; Harry W. Rudel (1966). “Antiovulatory Activity of Several Synthetic and Natural Estrogens”. In Robert Benjamin Greenblatt. Ovulation: Stimulation, Suppression, and Detection. Lippincott. pp. 243–253. ISBN 9780397590100. https://books.google.com/books?id=le1qAAAAMAAJ
↑  Herr, F.; Revesz, C.; Manson, A. J.; Jewell, J. B. (1970). “Biological Properties of Estrogen Sulfates”. Chemical and Biological Aspects of Steroid Conjugation. pp. 368–408. doi:10.1007/978-3-642-49793-3_8. ISBN 978-3-642-49506-9
↑  “Comparative studies of the ethynyl estrogens used in oral contraceptives. II. Antiovulatory potency”. Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. 122 (5):  619–24. (July 1975). doi:10.1016/0002-9378(75)90061-7. PMID 1146927.
↑  “Comparison of pharmacodynamic properties of various estrogen formulations”. Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. 144 (5):  511–8. (November 1982). doi:10.1016/0002-9378(82)90218-6. PMID 6291391.
1 2 3  Andrew N. Margioris; George P. Chrousos (20 April 2001). Adrenal Disorders. Springer Science & Business Media. pp. 84–. ISBN 978-1-59259-101-5. https://books.google.com/books?id=XB73BwAAQBAJ&pg=PA84
1 2 3  “Effects of gonadal androgens and oestrogens on adrenal androgen levels”. Clin. Endocrinol. (Oxf) 43 (4):  415–21. (October 1995). doi:10.1111/j.1365-2265.1995.tb02611.x. PMID 7586614.
↑  “Contraception orale estro-progestative: quelle différence entre éthinylestradiol et estradiol? [Oral combined contraception: is there any difference between ethinyl-estradiol and estradiol?]” (フランス語). Gynecol Obstet Fertil 40 (2):  109–15. (February 2012). doi:10.1016/j.gyobfe.2011.10.009. PMID 22244780.
↑  Wang, Bonnie; Sanchez, Rosa I.; Franklin, Ronald B.; Evans, David C.; Huskey, Su-Er W. (November 2004). “The involvement of CYP3A4 and CYP2C9 in the metabolism of 17 alpha-ethinylestradiol”. Drug Metabolism and Disposition 32 (11):  1209–1212. doi:10.1124/dmd.104.000182. ISSN 0090-9556. PMID 15304426.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9  “Pharmacokinetic drug interactions involving 17alpha-ethinylestradiol: a new look at an old drug”. Clin Pharmacokinet 46 (2):  133–57. (2007). doi:10.2165/00003088-200746020-00003. PMID 17253885.
1 2 3  Kidd, Karen A.; Blanchfield, Paul J.; Mills, Kenneth H.; Palace, Vince P.; Evans, Robert E.; Lazorchak, James M.; Flick, Robert W. (2007-05-22). “Collapse of a fish population after exposure to a synthetic estrogen” (英語). Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 104 (21):  8897–8901. Bibcode: 2007PNAS..104.8897K. doi:10.1073/pnas.0609568104. ISSN 0027-8424. PMC 1874224. PMID 17517636. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1874224/.
1 2 3  Park, Bradley J.; Kidd, Karen (2005). “Effects of the synthetic estrogen ethinylestradiol on early life stages of mink frogs and green frogs in the wild and in situ” (英語). Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry 24 (8):  2027–2036. doi:10.1897/04-227R.1. ISSN 1552-8618. PMID 16152976.
男性前立腺癌患者における無治療時および各種エストロゲン投与時のテストステロン値。測定には初期の放射免疫測定（RIA）を用いた。