季節学
註

↑  Meier,  Nicole (2007). “Grape Harvest Records as a Proxy for Swiss April to August Temperature Reconstructions”. Diplomarbeit der Philosophisch-naturwissenschaftlichen Fakultät der Universität Bern (Thesis of Philosophy and science faculty of the University of Bern) (ベルン大学).  オリジナルの2008年12月17日時点におけるアーカイブ。. https://web.archive.org/web/20081217053707/http://www.giub.unibe.ch/klimet/docs/diplom_nmeier.pdf 2007年12月25日閲覧. "Phenological grape harvest observations in Switzerland over the last 500 years have been used as a proxy indicator for reconstructing past temperature variability."
↑  Meier, N.; Rutishauser, T.; Luterbacher, J.; Pfister, C.; Wanner, H. (2007). “Grape Harvest Dates as a proxy for Swiss April to August Temperature Reconstructions back to AD 1480”. Geophysical Research Letters 34:  L20705. doi:10.1029/2007GL031381. http://www.agu.org/pubs/crossref/2007/2007GL031381.shtml. "Phenological grape harvest observations in Switzerland over the last 500 years have been used as a proxy indicator for reconstructing past temperature variability."
↑  Menzel, A.; Sparks, T.H.; Estrella, N.; Koch, E.; Aasa, A.; Ahas, R.; Alm-kübler, K.; Bissolli, P.; Braslavská, O.; Briede, A.; Others, (2006). “European phenological response to climate change matches the warming pattern”. Global Change Biology 12 (10):  1969–1976. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2486.2006.01193.x. "One of the preferred indicators is phenology, the science of natural recurring events, as their recorded dates provide a high-temporal resolution of ongoing changes."
↑  Schwartz, M. D.; Ahas, R.; Aasa, A. (2006). “Onset of spring starting earlier across the Northern Hemisphere”. Global Change Biology 12 (2):  343–351. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2486.2005.01097.x. "SI first leaf dates, measuring change in the start of ‘early spring’ (roughly the time of shrub budburst and
lawn first greening), are getting earlier in nearly all parts of the Northern Hemisphere. The average rate of change over the 1955–2002 period is approximately -1.2 days per decade."
↑  White, G (1789) The Natural History and Antiquities of Selborne
↑  Chuine, I., Yiou, P., Viovy, N., Seguin, B., Daux, V., Le Roy Ladurie, E.(2004), Grape ripening as a past climate indicator Nature 432: 289-290
↑  Keenan, D.J. (2007), Grape harvest dates are poor indicators of summer warmth. Theoretical and Applied Climatology 87: 255-256
↑  Sparks, T.H. & Carey, P.D. (1995) The responses of species to climate over two centuries: an analysis of the Marsham phenological record, 1736-1947. Journal of Ecology 83, 321-329
↑  Jeffree, E.P. (1960) Some long-term means from the Phenological reports (1891-1948) of the Royal Meteorological Society. Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society 86, 95-103
↑  Sparks T.H., Jeffree E.P., Jeffree C.E. (2000) An examination of the relationship between flowering times and temperature at the national scale using long-term phenological records from the UK. International Journal of Biometeorology 44, 82-87
↑  Fitter, A.H. & Fitter R.S.R. (2002)  Rapid changes in flowering time in British plants. Science 296, 1689-1691
↑  Myneni RB, CD Keeling, CJ Tucker, G Asrar, RR Nemani (1997) Increased plant growth in the northern high latitudes from 1981 to 1991, Nature 386, 698
↑  Huete AR, K Didan, YE Shimabukuro, P Ratana, SR Saleska, LR Hutyra, W Yang, RR Nemani, R Myneni (2006)  Amazon rainforests green-up with sunlight in dry season Geophysical Research Letters 33, L06405, doi:10.1029/2005GL025583
気象庁の発表した平成19年3月14日の桜前線の位置。このように開花や満開期、新芽の発生や紅葉、落葉などを計測することは気候や季節の変化を植物を通して知ることであり、季節学の一つであるといえる。