動詞句内主語仮説
課題 > 詳細 > 文法関係の局所性

はじめに、下位範疇化（英語版） (英: subcategorization) とは、同一の範疇に属する語彙項目をさらにいくつかに下位区分することである。例として、動詞という範疇であれば、選択する項の数に応じて自動詞や他動詞に下位範疇化される。さらに、ある範疇がどのような範疇を指定部や補部に取るかに応じてさらに下位区分することを厳密下位範疇化 (英: strict subcategorization) といい、このように区分される語彙自体が持つ選択特性または素性を厳密下位範疇化素性 (げんみつかいはんちゅうかそせい、英: strict subcategorization feature) という。
例として、自動詞sleepであれば、以下の厳密下位範疇化素性を持つ。
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| ()   |    | sleep: NP __ | sleep: NP __ | sleep: NP __ | sleep: NP __ | sleep: NP __ | sleep: NP __ | sleep: NP __ | sleep: NP __ | sleep: NP __ | sleep: NP __ | sleep: NP __ | sleep: NP __ | sleep: NP __ | sleep: NP __ | sleep: NP __ | sleep: NP __ | sleep: NP __ | sleep: NP __ | sleep: NP __ | sleep: NP __ |
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下線部には厳密下位範疇化される語彙自体が入る (この場合であればsleepが入り、sleepは主語として1つの名詞句を項として選択する)。
厳密下位範疇化素性は、統語上局所的に満たされなければならない。
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| ()   | a.   | John slept well. | John slept well. | John slept well. | John slept well. | John slept well. | John slept well. | John slept well. | John slept well. | John slept well. | John slept well. | John slept well. | John slept well. | John slept well. | John slept well. | John slept well. | John slept well. | John slept well. | John slept well. | John slept well. | John slept well. |
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| ()   | b.   | *John Mary heard [that slept well]. | *John Mary heard [that slept well]. | *John Mary heard [that slept well]. | *John Mary heard [that slept well]. | *John Mary heard [that slept well]. | *John Mary heard [that slept well]. | *John Mary heard [that slept well]. | *John Mary heard [that slept well]. | *John Mary heard [that slept well]. | *John Mary heard [that slept well]. | *John Mary heard [that slept well]. | *John Mary heard [that slept well]. | *John Mary heard [that slept well]. | *John Mary heard [that slept well]. | *John Mary heard [that slept well]. | *John Mary heard [that slept well]. | *John Mary heard [that slept well]. | *John Mary heard [that slept well]. | *John Mary heard [that slept well]. | *John Mary heard [that slept well]. |
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これは語彙のθ構造上も同様である。
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| ()   | a.   | sleep: <Agent> | sleep: <Agent> | sleep: <Agent> | sleep: <Agent> | sleep: <Agent> | sleep: <Agent> | sleep: <Agent> | sleep: <Agent> | sleep: <Agent> | sleep: <Agent> | sleep: <Agent> | sleep: <Agent> | sleep: <Agent> | sleep: <Agent> | sleep: <Agent> | sleep: <Agent> | sleep: <Agent> | sleep: <Agent> | sleep: <Agent> | sleep: <Agent> |
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| ()   | b.   | Johni slept<Agenti> well. | Johni slept<Agenti> well. | Johni slept<Agenti> well. | Johni slept<Agenti> well. | Johni slept<Agenti> well. | Johni slept<Agenti> well. | Johni slept<Agenti> well. | Johni slept<Agenti> well. | Johni slept<Agenti> well. | Johni slept<Agenti> well. | Johni slept<Agenti> well. | Johni slept<Agenti> well. | Johni slept<Agenti> well. | Johni slept<Agenti> well. | Johni slept<Agenti> well. | Johni slept<Agenti> well. | Johni slept<Agenti> well. | Johni slept<Agenti> well. | Johni slept<Agenti> well. | Johni slept<Agenti> well. |
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| ()   | c.   | *Maryi heard [that John slept<Agenti> well]. | *Maryi heard [that John slept<Agenti> well]. | *Maryi heard [that John slept<Agenti> well]. | *Maryi heard [that John slept<Agenti> well]. | *Maryi heard [that John slept<Agenti> well]. | *Maryi heard [that John slept<Agenti> well]. | *Maryi heard [that John slept<Agenti> well]. | *Maryi heard [that John slept<Agenti> well]. | *Maryi heard [that John slept<Agenti> well]. | *Maryi heard [that John slept<Agenti> well]. | *Maryi heard [that John slept<Agenti> well]. | *Maryi heard [that John slept<Agenti> well]. | *Maryi heard [that John slept<Agenti> well]. | *Maryi heard [that John slept<Agenti> well]. | *Maryi heard [that John slept<Agenti> well]. | *Maryi heard [that John slept<Agenti> well]. | *Maryi heard [that John slept<Agenti> well]. | *Maryi heard [that John slept<Agenti> well]. | *Maryi heard [that John slept<Agenti> well]. | *Maryi heard [that John slept<Agenti> well]. |
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しかし、[IP subj [VP V ...]] の構造を仮定する場合、項の選択やθ役割の付与がVPの外側の要素と非局所的に行われることを想定しなければならない。