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参考文献と脚注

原註
↑  Often by "die sinkers", employees who did the routine work of cutting designs into blank dies. See Burdette 2013a, pp. 9–10
↑  At the Philadelphia Mint, coin designs were created by the Engraver, an office sometimes called Chief Engraver.  See Burdette 2013b, p. 180
↑  Hired because the Mint's Engraver, William Kneass, had been partially disabled by a stroke. As Gobrecht was a prominent craftsman, he would not accept the usual title of "Assistant Engraver". Gobrecht would become Engraver after Kneass's death in 1840. See Taxay, pp. 170–171, 176, 204.
↑  That is, Charlotte and Dahlonega, which were to strike only gold coins.  New Orleans was to strike both gold and silver coins.
↑  The Coinage Act of 1873, passed after Peale's death, authorized the Chief Coiner to strike medals, provided "that such work shall not interfere with the regular coinage operations, and that no private medal die shall be prepared at said mint, or the machinery or apparatus thereof be used for that purpose". See Watson, p. 31.
脚注
↑  Snow, p. 221.
↑  Patterson, p. 597.
↑  Sellers, p. 76.
↑  Sellers, pp. 49, 88.
↑  Patterson, pp. 597–598.
↑  Smith 2010, p. 216.
1 2  Smith 1994, p. 1137.
↑  Patterson, p. 598.
1 2 3  Patterson, p. 599.
1 2  Ferguson 1965b, p. 70.
↑  Coleman Sellers was married to Peale's half-sister Sophonisba.
↑  Edson, p. 383.
↑  Sellers, p. 270.
1 2  Whitehead, p. 197.
↑  Sellers, p. 256.
↑  Ferguson 1965b, p. 4.
↑  Ferguson 1965a, p. 34.
↑  Frazer, p. 259.
1 2  Patterson, p. 600.
1 2  Lange, p. 43.
1 2 3  Taxay, p. 150.
1 2  Whitehead, p. 199.
↑  Nepomucene, p. 156.
1 2  Whitehead, pp. 200–201.
1 2  Burdette 2013a, p. 23.
1 2  Nepomucene, p. 157.
↑  Burdette 2013a, p. 10.
1 2  Whitehead, pp. 201–203.
1 2  Lange, p. 44.
↑  Burdette 2013a, p. 24.
↑  Whitehead, pp. 207–208.
↑  Taxay, p. 154.
↑  Burdette 2013a, pp. 91–93.
1 2  Whitehead, p. 208.
↑  Whitehead, p. 211.
↑  Nepomucene, p. 159.
1 2  Nepomucene, p. 158.
1 2  Whitehead, p. 209.
↑  Whitehead, p. 210.
↑  Burdette 2013a, pp. 27–32.
1 2  Taxay, p. 166.
↑  Clark, p. 288.
↑  Burdette 2013a, p. 49.
↑  Burdette 2013b, p. 285.
↑  Bowers 2001, p. 75.
↑  Clark, pp. 287–290.
↑  “First Steam Powered Coin Press”.  The Franklin Institute. 2013年12月10日時点のオリジナルよりアーカイブ。2013年12月10日閲覧。
↑  Burdette 2013a, p. 32.
↑  Patterson, pp. 600–601.
1 2  Lange, p. 50.
↑  Lange, p. 47.
1 2 3  Patterson, p. 601.
↑  Evans, p. 123.
↑  Senate journal vol. iv, p. 489.
↑  Senate journal vol. iv, p. 501.
1 2  Ferguson 1965b, p. 76.
↑  Burdette 2013a, pp. 63–70.
1 2  Senate report, p. 3.
↑  Burdette 2013a, p. 25.
↑  Breen, p. 238.
↑  Doty, pp. 70–72.
↑  Doty, p. 72.
↑  Doty, pp. 73–74.
↑  Doty, p. 73.
↑  Doty, pp. 75–76.
↑  Doty, p. 78.
↑  Doty, pp. 78–79.
↑  Burdette 2013b, pp. 14–15.
↑  Smith 1997, p. 63.
1 2  Senate journal vol. v, p. 252.
↑  Proud, p. 59.
↑  Senate journal vol. v, p. 258.
1 2 3  Taxay, p. 183.
1 2  Bowers 2004, p. 385.
1 2 3  Wright, p. 63.
↑  Burdette 2013b, p. 324.
↑  Burdette 2013a, p. 93.
↑  Burdette 2013a, pp. 100–101.
↑  Breen, p. 287.
1 2 3  Breen, p. 393.
↑  Lange, p. 90.
1 2 3  Pessolano-Filos, p. 92.
1 2  Breen, p. 311.
↑  Coin World Almanac, pp. 217–221.
↑  Taxay, p. 206.
1 2  Taxay, pp. 206–207.
↑  Taxay, pp. 208–209.
↑  Snow, p. 222.
1 2  Taxay, p. 207.
↑  Snow, pp. 222–223.
↑  Taxay, pp. 207–208.
↑  Breen, p. 271.
1 2  Taxay, p. 162.
↑  Burdette 2013b, p. 13.
↑  Burdette 2013b, pp. 471–472.
↑  Taxay, pp. 178–179, 189.
1 2  Taxay, pp. 179–180.
↑  Smith 1994, pp. 1139.
↑  Bureau of the Mint, p. 39.
↑  Taxay, p. 182.
↑  Smith 1994, p. 1140.
↑  Taxay, p. 181.
↑  Taxay, pp. 187–188.
↑  Taxay, p. 188.
↑  Taxay, pp. 189–190.
1 2 3  Taxay, p. 190.
↑  Senate report, p. 2.
1 2  Patterson, p. 602.
1 2  Patterson, p. 603.
↑  American Philosophical Society, pp. 38–39.
↑  Taxay, p. 249.
↑  Burdette 2013a, pp. 127–128.
↑  Taxay, pp. 387–289.
↑  Taxay, p. 263.
↑  Patterson, p. 604.
↑  “The Funeral of Franklin Peale”. The Evening Bulletin:  p. 8. (May 9, 1870). http://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn83025925/1870-05-09/ed-1/seq-8/#date1=1870&index=2&rows=20&words=Franklin+Peale&searchType=basic&sequence=0&state=Pennsylvania&date2=1870&proxtext=Franklin+Peale&y=13&x=15&dateFilterType=yearRange&page=1
↑  Burdette 2013a, p. 9.
↑  Evans, p. 116.
↑  Burdette 2013b, p. 18.
↑  Bowers 2006, p. 58.
1 2  Senate report, pp. 2–3.
↑  Taxay, pp. 190–191.
1 2  Taxay, p. 191.
参考文献
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Bowers, Q. David (2001). The Harry W. Bass, Jr. Museum Sylloge. Dallas, TX: Harry W. Bass, Jr. Foundation. ISBN 0-943161-88-6
Bowers, Q. David (2004). A Guide Book of Double Eagle Gold Coins. Atlanta, GA: Whitman Publishing. ISBN 978-0-7948-1784-8
Bowers, Q. David (2006). A Guide Book of Shield and Liberty Head Nickels. Atlanta, GA: Whitman Publishing. ISBN 0-7948-1921-4
Breen, Walter (1988). Walter Breen's Complete Encyclopedia of U.S. and Colonial Coins. New York: Doubleday. ISBN 978-0-385-14207-6
Burdette, Roger (Spring 2013). “Benjamin Franklin Peale – Inventions and Innovations for the United States Mint, 1835 to 1852”. Journal of Numismatic Research (Great Falls, VA: Seneca Mill Press LLC) 1 (2):  9–133.
Burdette, Roger (2013). From Mine to Mint. Great Falls, VA: Seneca Mill Press LLC. ISBN 978-0-9768986-7-2
Bureau of the Mint (1904). Laws of the United States Relating to the Coinage. Washington, D.C.: United States Government Printing Office. https://books.google.co.jp/books?id=rmtAAAAAYAAJ&redir_esc=y&hl=ja
Clark, Cathy L. (March 2000). “Steam Power: A Pressing Issue”. The Numismatist (Colorado Springs, CO: American Numismatic Association):  287–291.
Doty, Richard G. (4–5 November 1989). "'An Onerous and Delicate Task': Franklin Peale's Mission South, 1837". In Metcalf, William E. (ed.). America's Gold Coinage. New York: American Numismatic Society. pp. 67–82. ISBN 0-89722-238-5。
Edson, Edith McLane (October 2001). “Notes and Documents: A James Peale Puzzle: Captain Allen McLane's Encounter with British Dragoons”. The Pennsylvania Magazine of History and Biography (Philadelphia: The Historical Society of Pennsylvania) 125 (4):  30–46. JSTOR 20093480.
Evans, George G. (1890). Illustrated History of the United States Mint (revised ed.). Philadelphia: George G. Evans. OCLC 8390241. http://openlibrary.org/books/OL24183503M/Illustrated_history_of_the_United_States_mint_with_a_complete_description_of_American_coinage_from_t
Ferguson, Eugene S. (Winter 1965). “Technical Museums and International Exhibitions”. Technology and Culture (Baltimore, MD: The Johns Hopkins University Press) 6 (1):  30–46. JSTOR 3100950.
Ferguson, Eugene S., ed (1965). Early Engineering Reminiscences (1815–40) of George Escol Sellers. Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution. OCLC 522166. https://archive.org/stream/bulletinunitedst2381965unit#page/n7/mode/2up
Frazer, Persifor (1908). The Franklin Institute: Its Services and Deserts. Philadelphia: The Franklin Institute. OCLC 45262206. https://books.google.co.jp/books?id=qE4BAAAAYAAJ&redir_esc=y&hl=ja
Lange, David W. (2006). History of the United States Mint and its Coinage. Atlanta, GA: Whitman Publishing. ISBN 978-0-7948-1972-9
Nepomucene, Sister St. John (March 1955). “Franklin Peale's Visit to Europe in the Mint Service”. Journal of Chemical Education (New York: American Chemical Society) 32 (3):  155–159. doi:10.1021/ed032p156.
Patterson III, Robert (December 16, 1870). “An Obituary Notice of Franklin Peale”. Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society (Philadelphia: American Philosophical Society) 11 (81):  597–604. JSTOR 981519.
Pessolano-Filos, Francis (1983). The Venus Numismatics Dictionary of Artists, Designers, Modellers, Engravers, and Die Sinkers Whose Works Were Commissioned by or Struck by the United States Mint 1792–1977. New York: Eros Publishing Company. ISBN 0-911571-00-0
Proud, Robert (1903). The Proud Papers. Philadelphia: Stan. V. Henkels (auctioneer). OCLC 5573300. https://books.google.co.jp/books?id=d18EAAAAYAAJ&redir_esc=y&hl=ja
Reed, P. Bradley, ed (1990). Coin World Almanac (6th ed.). Sidney, OH: Amos Press Inc.. ISBN 0-88687-460-2
Sellers, Charles Coleman (1980). Mr. Peale's Museum: Charles Willson Peale and the First Popular Museum of Natural Science and Art. New York: W.W. Norton & Co.. ISBN 978-0-393-05700-3
Smith, Pete (August 1994). “Peale Helped Mechanize the Mint”. The Numismatist (Colorado Springs, CO: American Numismatic Association).
Smith, Pete (January 1997). “Adam Eckfeldt Struck the First U.S. Coins”. The Numismatist (Colorado Springs, CO: American Numismatic Association).
Smith, Pete (2010年). “American Numismatic Biographies”.   The Numismatic Bibliomania Society. 2014年9月7日時点のオリジナルよりアーカイブ。2014年1月1日閲覧。
Snow, Richard (2009). A Guide Book of Flying Eagle and Indian Head Cents. Atlanta. GA: Whitman Publishing. ISBN 978-0-7948-2831-8
Taxay, Don (1983). The U.S. Mint and Coinage (reprint of 1966 ed.). New York: Sanford J. Durst Numismatic Publications. ISBN 978-0-915262-68-7
United States Senate (1887). Journal of the Executive Proceedings of the Senate of the United States. IV. Washington, D.C.: United States Government Printing Office. https://books.google.co.jp/books?id=HGAUAAAAYAAJ&redir_esc=y&hl=ja
United States Senate (1887). Journal of the Executive Proceedings of the Senate of the United States. V. Washington, D.C.: United States Government Printing Office. https://books.google.co.jp/books?id=0GIUAAAAYAAJ&redir_esc=y&hl=ja
United States Senate Committee on Claims (February 19, 1873). Report No. 454. Washington, D.C.: United States Government Printing Office. https://books.google.co.jp/books?id=mKsFAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA483&dq=%22franklin+peale%22&hl=en&sa=X&ei=rExsUsZ0jvuRB8q9gIAB&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false
Watson, Jesse P. (1926). The Bureau of the Mint: Its History, Activities and Organization.. Service Monographs of the United States Government, No. 37. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins Press. OCLC 4121674
Whitehead, James L. (July 1951). “The Mission of Franklin Peale to Europe, 1833 to 1835”. Pennsylvania History (University Park, PA: Penn State University Press) 18 (3):  197–212. JSTOR 27769224.
Wright, Robert E. (2010). The First Wall Street: Chestnut Street, Philadelphia, and the Birth of American Finance. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. ISBN 0-226-91029-6. https://books.google.co.jp/books?id=SAq5Jpg9LT4C&printsec=frontcover&redir_esc=y&hl=ja#v=onepage&q&f=false
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| 先代アダム・エックフェルト | アメリカ合衆国造幣局フィラデルフィアの第3代貨幣鋳造主任1839年3月27日 - 1854年12月2日 | 次代ジョージ・K・チャイルズ |
| 0 | 1 | 2 |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 先代ジョセフ・クラウド | アメリカ合衆国造幣局フィラデルフィアの第2代溶解精錬者1836年1月5日 - 1839年3月27日 | 次代ジョナス・R・マクリントック |
| 典拠管理データベース  |
| --- | --- |
全般:  FAST  ISNI  VIAF  WorldCat 
国立図書館:  アメリカ 
その他:  公文書館（アメリカ）  SNAC  IdRef 
↑  United States Senate (1887). Journal of the Executive Proceedings of the Senate of the United States. IX. Washington, D.C.: United States Government Printing Office. p. 409. https://books.google.co.jp/books?id=zGEUAAAAYAAJ&lpg=PA407&redir_esc=y&hl=ja
エリザベス・ド・ペイスター・ピール、 夫のチャールズ・ウィルソン・ピールが描いたものであり、チャールズの顔が胸のペンダントに描かれている
チャールズ・ウィルソン・ピールの自画像、絵の題は『自分の博物館に立つ芸術家』、1822年
ピールがフィラデルフィア造幣所のために設計した蒸気機関のスケッチ
1836年にピールがフィラデルフィア造幣所に据え付けた貨幣プレスのスケッチ
1836年、アメリカ合衆国蒸気駆動貨幣プレスで初めて打たれたメダル、クリスチャン・ゴブレヒトがデザイン
フィラデルフィア造幣所の勘定板、ピールが発明した
アダム・エックフェルト退任メダルの裏面、ピールあるいはモリッツ・フュアーストの制作とされる
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3セント銀貨のためにピールのデザインで打たれたパターン・コイン
フィラデルフィア造幣所のプレスとミルの部屋。1852年