小節 (言語学)
通言語間の差異 > 構成素の順序 > スペイン語

スペイン語は、ロマンス諸語の共通した性質として線形順序に柔軟性が見られる言語の1つであり、スペイン語の小節にもこの性質が当てはまる (この性質は、談話卓越型言語および一致志向型言語の特徴と考えられている)。ただし、情報焦点となる要素が文末に生起するという特徴があり、これに即さない語順は非文となる。
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| ()   | a.  | Joan  | comió  | la carne  | cruda.   |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  |  | Joan  | ate  | the meat  | raw  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |

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| ()   | b.  | *Joan  | comió  | cruda  | la carne.   |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  |  | Joan  | ate  | raw  | the meat  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |

|  |  | lit. 'Joan ate the meat raw.'  | lit. 'Joan ate the meat raw.'  | lit. 'Joan ate the meat raw.'  | lit. 'Joan ate the meat raw.'  | lit. 'Joan ate the meat raw.'  | lit. 'Joan ate the meat raw.'  | lit. 'Joan ate the meat raw.'  | lit. 'Joan ate the meat raw.'  | lit. 'Joan ate the meat raw.'  | lit. 'Joan ate the meat raw.'  | lit. 'Joan ate the meat raw.'  | lit. 'Joan ate the meat raw.'  | lit. 'Joan ate the meat raw.'  | lit. 'Joan ate the meat raw.'  | lit. 'Joan ate the meat raw.'  | lit. 'Joan ate the meat raw.'  | lit. 'Joan ate the meat raw.'  | lit. 'Joan ate the meat raw.'  | lit. 'Joan ate the meat raw.'  | lit. 'Joan ate the meat raw.'  |
情報焦点が文末に生起する性質は、wh疑問文に対する返答文においてより顕著である。
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| ()   |   | ¿A quién  | consideras  | muy lista?   |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  |  | to whom  | consider.PRES.2SG  | very clever.F.SG  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |

|  |  | 'Who do you consider very clever?'  | 'Who do you consider very clever?'  | 'Who do you consider very clever?'  | 'Who do you consider very clever?'  | 'Who do you consider very clever?'  | 'Who do you consider very clever?'  | 'Who do you consider very clever?'  | 'Who do you consider very clever?'  | 'Who do you consider very clever?'  | 'Who do you consider very clever?'  | 'Who do you consider very clever?'  | 'Who do you consider very clever?'  | 'Who do you consider very clever?'  | 'Who do you consider very clever?'  | 'Who do you consider very clever?'  | 'Who do you consider very clever?'  | 'Who do you consider very clever?'  | 'Who do you consider very clever?'  | 'Who do you consider very clever?'  | 'Who do you consider very clever?'  |
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| ()   | a.  | Considero  | muy lista  | a Susana.   |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  |  | consider.PRES.1SG  | very clever.F.SG  | to Susana  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |

|  |  | lit. 'I consider very clever Susana.'  | lit. 'I consider very clever Susana.'  | lit. 'I consider very clever Susana.'  | lit. 'I consider very clever Susana.'  | lit. 'I consider very clever Susana.'  | lit. 'I consider very clever Susana.'  | lit. 'I consider very clever Susana.'  | lit. 'I consider very clever Susana.'  | lit. 'I consider very clever Susana.'  | lit. 'I consider very clever Susana.'  | lit. 'I consider very clever Susana.'  | lit. 'I consider very clever Susana.'  | lit. 'I consider very clever Susana.'  | lit. 'I consider very clever Susana.'  | lit. 'I consider very clever Susana.'  | lit. 'I consider very clever Susana.'  | lit. 'I consider very clever Susana.'  | lit. 'I consider very clever Susana.'  | lit. 'I consider very clever Susana.'  | lit. 'I consider very clever Susana.'  |
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| ()   | b.  | # Considero a Susana muy lista.   |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |


|  |  | 'I consider Susana very clever.'  | 'I consider Susana very clever.'  | 'I consider Susana very clever.'  | 'I consider Susana very clever.'  | 'I consider Susana very clever.'  | 'I consider Susana very clever.'  | 'I consider Susana very clever.'  | 'I consider Susana very clever.'  | 'I consider Susana very clever.'  | 'I consider Susana very clever.'  | 'I consider Susana very clever.'  | 'I consider Susana very clever.'  | 'I consider Susana very clever.'  | 'I consider Susana very clever.'  | 'I consider Susana very clever.'  | 'I consider Susana very clever.'  | 'I consider Susana very clever.'  | 'I consider Susana very clever.'  | 'I consider Susana very clever.'  | 'I consider Susana very clever.'  |
上記の例では、人がwh語により焦点化されているため、対応する返答では人を表す名詞句が文末に生起しなければならない。一方で、述語が焦点化される場合はこの逆が成立する。
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| ()   |   | ¿Cómo  | consideras  | a Susana?   |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  |  | how  | consider.PRES.2SG  | to Susana  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |

|  |  | 'How do you consider Susana?'  | 'How do you consider Susana?'  | 'How do you consider Susana?'  | 'How do you consider Susana?'  | 'How do you consider Susana?'  | 'How do you consider Susana?'  | 'How do you consider Susana?'  | 'How do you consider Susana?'  | 'How do you consider Susana?'  | 'How do you consider Susana?'  | 'How do you consider Susana?'  | 'How do you consider Susana?'  | 'How do you consider Susana?'  | 'How do you consider Susana?'  | 'How do you consider Susana?'  | 'How do you consider Susana?'  | 'How do you consider Susana?'  | 'How do you consider Susana?'  | 'How do you consider Susana?'  | 'How do you consider Susana?'  |
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| ()   | a.   | # Considero muy lista a Susana. | # Considero muy lista a Susana. | # Considero muy lista a Susana. | # Considero muy lista a Susana. | # Considero muy lista a Susana. | # Considero muy lista a Susana. | # Considero muy lista a Susana. | # Considero muy lista a Susana. | # Considero muy lista a Susana. | # Considero muy lista a Susana. | # Considero muy lista a Susana. | # Considero muy lista a Susana. | # Considero muy lista a Susana. | # Considero muy lista a Susana. | # Considero muy lista a Susana. | # Considero muy lista a Susana. | # Considero muy lista a Susana. | # Considero muy lista a Susana. | # Considero muy lista a Susana. | # Considero muy lista a Susana. |
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| ()   | b.   | Considero a Susana muy lista. | Considero a Susana muy lista. | Considero a Susana muy lista. | Considero a Susana muy lista. | Considero a Susana muy lista. | Considero a Susana muy lista. | Considero a Susana muy lista. | Considero a Susana muy lista. | Considero a Susana muy lista. | Considero a Susana muy lista. | Considero a Susana muy lista. | Considero a Susana muy lista. | Considero a Susana muy lista. | Considero a Susana muy lista. | Considero a Susana muy lista. | Considero a Susana muy lista. | Considero a Susana muy lista. | Considero a Susana muy lista. | Considero a Susana muy lista. | Considero a Susana muy lista. |
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