統計学の歴史
脚注および参照

[脚注の使い方]
↑  Ball, Philip (2004). Critical Mass. Farrar, Straus and Giroux. p. 53. ISBN 978-0-374-53041-9
1 2 3  酒井弘憲「数式なしの統計のお話 第2回　統計のルーツを探る」『ファルマシア』第50巻第4号、2014年、334–335頁、doi:10.14894/faruawpsj.50.4_334。
1 2  “意外に面白い！統計学を歴史から眺めてみよう！”.   数学・統計教室の和から株式会社 (2021年9月8日). 2022年11月29日閲覧。
1 2 3  奥積雅彦. “公文書で初めて統計の用語が登場したのはいつか？” (PDF).  国立国会図書館支部総務省統計図書館. 2022年11月29日閲覧。
↑  Thucydides (1985). History of the Peloponnesian War. New York: Penguin Books, Ltd.. p. 204
↑  Giovanni Villani. Encyclopædia Britannica. Encyclopædia Britannica 2006 Ultimate Referece Suite DVD. Retrieved on 2008-03-04.
↑  Brian, Éric; Jaisson, Marie (2007). “Physico-Theology and Mathematics (1710-1794)”. The Descent of Human Sex Ratio at Birth. Springer Science & Business Media. pp. 1-25. ISBN 978-1-4020-6036-6
↑  John Arbuthnot (1710). “An argument for Divine Providence, taken from the constant regularity observed in the births of both sexes”. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London 27 (325-336):  186-190. doi:10.1098/rstl.1710.0011. http://www.york.ac.uk/depts/maths/histstat/arbuthnot.pdf.
1 2  Conover, W.J. (1999), “Chapter 3.4: The Sign Test”, Practical Nonparametric Statistics (Third ed.), Wiley, pp. 157-176, ISBN 978-0-471-16068-7
↑  Sprent, P. (1989), Applied Nonparametric Statistical Methods (Second ed.), Chapman & Hall, ISBN 978-0-412-44980-2
↑  Stephen Mack Stigler (1986). The History of Statistics: The Measurement of Uncertainty Before 1900. Harvard University Press. pp. 225-226. ISBN 978-0-67440341-3
↑  Bellhouse, P. (2001), “John Arbuthnot”, in Statisticians of the Centuries by C.C. Heyde and E. Seneta, Springer, pp. 39-42, ISBN 978-0-387-95329-8
↑  Hald, Anders (1998), “Chapter 4. Chance or Design: Tests of Significance”, A History of Mathematical Statistics from 1750 to 1930, Wiley, p. 65
↑  Abraham de Moivre (1738) The doctrine of chances. Woodfall
↑  P=S Laplace (1774). “Mémoire sur la probabilité des causes par les évènements”. Mémoires de l'Académie Royale des Sciences Présentés par Divers Savants 6:  621-656.
↑  Wilson, Edwin Bidwell (1923) "First and second laws of error", Journal of the American Statistical Association, 18 (143), 841-851 JSTOR 2965467
↑  Havil J (2003) Gamma: Exploring Euler's Constant. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, p.157
↑  Charles Sanders Peirce (1873) Theory of errors of observations. Report of the Superintendent US Coast Survey, Washington, Government Printing Office. Appendix no. 21: 200-224
↑  P. S. Laplace (1781). “MEMOIRE SUR LES PROBABILITÉS”. Oeuvres completes 9:  227-332.  英語訳PDF
↑   フランス語版ウィキソースに本記事に関連した原文があります：Page:Laplace_-_Œuvres_complètes,_Gauthier-Villars,_1878,_tome_9.djvu/395
↑  William Gemmell Cochran (1978) "Laplace's ratio estimators". pp.3-10. In David H.A., (ed). Contributions to Survey Sampling and Applied Statistics: papers in honor of H. O. Hartley. Academic Press, New York ISBN 978-1483237930
↑  John Maynard Keynes (1921) A treatise on probability. Pt II Ch XVII §5 (p 201)
↑  Francis Galton (1881) Report of the Anthropometric Committee pp.245-260. Report of the 51st Meeting of the British Association for the Advancement of Science
↑  Stigler (1986, Chapter 5: Quetelet's Two Attempts)
↑  Helen Mary Walker (1975). Studies in the history of statistical method. Arno Press. ISBN 9780405066283. https://books.google.com/books?id=jYFRAAAAMAAJ
↑  (Stigler 1986, Chapter 9: The Next Generation: Edgeworth)
↑  Bellhouse DR (1988) A brief history of random sampling methods. Handbook of statistics. Vol 6 pp.1-14 Elsevier
↑  Bowley, AL (1906). “Address to the Economic Science and Statistics Section of the British Association for the Advancement of Science”. J R Stat Soc 69:  548-557. doi:10.2307/2339344. JSTOR 2339344. https://zenodo.org/record/2152740.
↑  Francis Galton (1877). “Typical laws of heredity”. Nature 15 (388):  492-553. doi:10.1038/015492a0.
↑  Francis Galton (1907). “One Vote, One Value”. Nature 75 (1948):  414. doi:10.1038/075414a0. https://zenodo.org/record/2125755.
↑  Stigler (1986, Chapter 10: Pearson and Yule)
↑  Varberg, Dale E. (1963). “The development of modern statistics”. The Mathematics Teacher 56 (4):  252-257. JSTOR 27956805.
↑  Stephen Mack Stigler (1989). “Francis Galton's Account of the Invention of Correlation”. Statistical Science 4 (2):  73-79. doi:10.1214/ss/1177012580.
1 2 3  Karl Pearson (1900). “On the Criterion that a given System of Deviations from the Probable in the Case of a Correlated System of Variables is such that it can be reasonably supposed to have arisen from Random Sampling”. Philosophical Magazine. Series 5 50 (302):  157-175. doi:10.1080/14786440009463897. https://zenodo.org/record/1430618.
↑  Karl Pearson (1901). “On Lines and Planes of Closest Fit to Systems of Points is Space”. Philosophical Magazine. Series 6 2 (11):  559-572. doi:10.1080/14786440109462720. https://zenodo.org/record/1430636.
↑  I.T. Jolliffe (2002) Principal Component Analysis, 2nd ed. New York: Springer-Verlag.
↑  Box, R.A. Fisher, pp.93-166
↑  Agresti, Alan; David B. Hichcock (2005). “Bayesian Inference for Categorical Data Analysis”. Statistical Methods & Applications 14 (3):  298. doi:10.1007/s10260-005-0121-y. http://www.stat.ufl.edu/~aa/articles/agresti_hitchcock_2005.pdf.
↑  R.A. Fisher (1925) Statistical methods for research workers, Edinburgh: Oliver & Boyd
↑  Jerzy Neyman (1934) On the two different aspects of the representative method: The method of stratified sampling and the method of purposive selection. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society 97 (4) 557-625 JSTOR 2342192
↑  Dunn, Peter (1997-01). “James Lind (1716-94) of Edinburgh and the treatment of scurvy”. Archives of Disease in Childhood: Fetal and Neonatal Edition 76 (1):  64-65. doi:10.1136/fn.76.1.F64. PMC 1720613. PMID 9059193. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1720613/.
1 2  Klaus Hinkelmann (2012). Design and Analysis of Experiments, Special Designs and Applications. John Wiley & Sons. p. xvii. ISBN 9780470530689. https://books.google.com/books?id=8Y71m9yoK6UC
1 2  Charles Sanders Peirce, Joseph Jastrow (1885). “On Small Differences in Sensation”. Memoirs of the National Academy of Sciences 3:  73-83. http://psychclassics.yorku.ca/Peirce/small-diffs.htm.
1 2  Ian Hacking (1988-09). “Telepathy: Origins of Randomization in Experimental Design”. Isis 79 (A Special Issue on Artifact and Experiment, number 3):  427-451. doi:10.1086/354775. JSTOR 234674. MR1013489.
1 2  Stephen Mack Stigler (1992-11). “A Historical View of Statistical Concepts in Psychology and Educational Research”. American Journal of Education 101 (1):  60-70. doi:10.1086/444032.
1 2  Trudy Dehue (1997-12). “Deception, Efficiency, and Random Groups: Psychology and the Gradual Origination of the Random Group Design”. Isis 88 (4):  653-673. doi:10.1086/383850. PMID 9519574. https://www.rug.nl/research/portal/files/71855616/237831.pdf.
↑  C.S. Peirce (1876). “Note on the Theory of the Economy of Research”. Coast Survey Report:  197-201. , actually published 1879, NOAA PDF Eprint.
Reprinted in Collected Papers 7, paragraphs 139-157, also in Writings 4, pp.72-78, and in Charles Sanders Peirce (1967年7-8月). “Note on the Theory of the Economy of Research”. Operations Research 15 (4):  643-648. doi:10.1287/opre.15.4.643. JSTOR 168276. http://or.journal.informs.org/cgi/content/abstract/15/4/643.
↑  Smith, Kirstine (1918). “On the Standard Deviations of Adjusted and Interpolated Values of an Observed Polynomial Function and its Constants and the Guidance they give Towards a Proper Choice of the Distribution of Observations”. Biometrika 12 (1/2):  1-85. doi:10.2307/2331929. JSTOR 2331929. https://zenodo.org/record/1431591.
↑  Abraham Wald (1945) "Sequential Tests of Statistical Hypotheses", Annals of Mathematical Statistics, 16 (2), 117-186.
↑  Johnson, N.L. (1961). "Sequential analysis: a survey." Journal of the Royal Statistical Society, Series A. Vol. 124 (3), 372-411. (pages 375-376)
↑  Herman Chernoff (1972) Sequential Analysis and Optimal Design, SIAM Monograph. ISBN 978-0898710069
↑  Zacks, S. (1996) "Adaptive Designs for Parametric Models". In: Ghosh, S. and Rao, C. R., (Eds) (1996). "Design and Analysis of Experiments," Handbook of Statistics, Volume 13. North-Holland. ISBN 0-444-82061-2. (pp.151-180)
↑  Robbins, H. (1952). “Some Aspects of the Sequential Design of Experiments”. Bulletin of the American Mathematical Society 58 (5):  527-535. doi:10.1090/S0002-9904-1952-09620-8.
↑  Hald, Anders (1998) A History of Mathematical Statistics. New York: Wiley. [要ページ番号]
↑  Box, Joan Fisher (1978) R. A. Fisher: The Life of a Scientist, Wiley. ISBN 0-471-09300-9 (pp.93-166)
↑  Edwards, A.W.F. (2005). “R. A. Fisher, Statistical Methods for Research Workers, 1925”. In Grattan-Guinness, Ivor. Landmark writings in Western mathematics 1640-1940. Amsterdam Boston: Elsevier. ISBN 9780444508713
↑  Stanley, J. C. (1966). “The Influence of Fisher's "The Design of Experiments" on Educational Research Thirty Years Later”. American Educational Research Journal 3 (3):  223-229. doi:10.3102/00028312003003223.
↑  Box, JF (1980-02). “R. A. Fisher and the Design of Experiments, 1922-1926”. The American Statistician 34 (1):  1-7. doi:10.2307/2682986. JSTOR 2682986.
↑  Frank Yates (1964-06). “Sir Ronald Fisher and the Design of Experiments”. Biometrics 20 (2):  307-321. doi:10.2307/2528399. JSTOR 2528399.
↑  Stanley, Julian C. (1966). “The Influence of Fisher's "The Design of Experiments" on Educational Research Thirty Years Later”. American Educational Research Journal 3 (3):  223-229. doi:10.3102/00028312003003223. JSTOR 1161806.
1 2 3  Stigler (1986, Chapter 3: Inverse Probability)
↑  Hald (1998)[要ページ番号]
↑  Lucien Le Cam (1986) Asymptotic Methods in Statistical Decision Theory: pp.336, 618-621（von Mises と Bernstein）.
1 2 3  Stephen. E. Fienberg, (2006) When did Bayesian Inference become "Bayesian"? Archived 2014-09-10 at the Wayback Machine. Bayesian Analysis, 1 (1), 1-40. See page 5.
1 2  Aldrich, A (2008). “R. A. Fisher on Bayes and Bayes' Theorem”. Bayesian Analysis 3 (1):  161-170. doi:10.1214/08-ba306. http://ba.stat.cmu.edu/journal/2008/vol03/issue01/aldrich.pdf.
↑  Jerzy Neyman (1977). “Frequentist probability and frequentist statistics”. Synthese 36 (1):  97-131. doi:10.1007/BF00485695.
↑  Jeff Miller, "Earliest Known Uses of Some of the Words of Mathematics (B)" "The term Bayesian entered circulation around 1950. R. A. Fisher used it in the notes he wrote to accompany the papers in his Contributions to Mathematical Statistics (1950). Fisher thought Bayes's argument was all but extinct for the only recent work to take it seriously was Harold Jeffreys's Theory of Probability (1939). In 1951 L. J. Savage, reviewing Wald's Statistical Decisions Functions, referred to "modern, or unBayesian, statistical theory" ("The Theory of Statistical Decision," Journal of the American Statistical Association, 46, p.58.). Soon after, however, Savage changed from being an unBayesian to being a Bayesian."
1 2 3  José-Miguel Bernardo (2005). “Reference analysis”. Bayesian Thinking - Modeling and Computation. Handbook of Statistics. 25. pp. 17-90. doi:10.1016/S0169-7161(05)25002-2. ISBN 9780444515391
↑  Donald A. Gillies (2000), Philosophical Theories of Probability. Routledge. ISBN 0-415-18276-X pp.50-1
↑  E.T. Jaynes Probability Theory: The Logic of Science Cambridge University Press, (2003). ISBN 0-521-59271-2
↑  O'Connor, John J.; Robertson, Edmund F., “統計学の歴史”, MacTutor History of Mathematics archive, University of St Andrews, https://mathshistory.st-andrews.ac.uk/Biographies/Jeffreys/ .
↑  J.M. Bernardo, A.F.M. Smith (1994). "Bayesian Theory". Chichester: Wiley.
↑  Wolpert, RL (2004). “A conversation with James O. Berger”. Statistical Science 9:  205-218. doi:10.1214/088342304000000053. MR2082155. http://projecteuclid.org/euclid.ss/1089808283.
↑  Bernardo, J.M. (2006). "A Bayesian Mathematical Statistics Primer" (PDF). Proceedings of the Seventh International Conference on Teaching Statistics [CDROM]. Salvador (Bahia), Brazil: International Association for Statistical Education.
↑  C.M. Bishop (2007) Pattern Recognition and Machine Learning. Springer ISBN 978-0387310732
↑  統計学の歴史〜古代ローマから現代まで〜 | AVILEN AI Trend 2020年4月14日、2022年6月26日閲覧。
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