プラスチック汚染
引用

1 2 3 4 5  Thompson, R. C.; Moore, C. J.; vom Saal, F. S.; Swan, S. H. (14 June 2009). “Plastics, the environment and human health: current consensus and future trends”. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 364 (1526):  2153–2166. doi:10.1098/rstb.2009.0053. PMC 2873021. PMID 19528062. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2873021/.
↑  Selke, Susan; Auras, Rafael; Nguyen, Tuan Anh; Castro Aguirre, Edgar; Cheruvathur, Rijosh; Liu, Yan (2015). “Evaluation of Biodegradation-Promoting Additives for Plastics”. Environmental Science & Technology 49 (6):  3769–3777. Bibcode: 2015EnST...49.3769S. doi:10.1021/es504258u. PMID 25723056.
1 2  “Plastic alternatives may worsen marine pollution, MPs warn”. The Guardian. (12 September 2019). https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2019/sep/12/plastic-alternatives-may-worsen-marine-pollution-mps-warn 12 September 2019閲覧。
↑  Yoshida, Shosuke; Hiraga, Kazumi; Takehana, Toshihiko; Taniguchi, Ikuo; Yamaji, Hironao; Maeda, Yasuhito; Toyohara, Kiyotsuna; Miyamoto, Kenji et al. (2016-03-11). “A bacterium that degrades and assimilates poly(ethylene terephthalate)” (英語). Science 351 (6278):  1196–1199. doi:10.1126/science.aad6359. ISSN 0036-8075. https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.aad6359.
↑  Zrimec, Jan; Kokina, Mariia; Jonasson, Sara; Zorrilla, Francisco; Zelezniak, Aleksej (2021-10-26). Kelly, Libusha; Newman, Dianne K.. eds. “Plastic-Degrading Potential across the Global Microbiome Correlates with Recent Pollution Trends” (英語). mBio 12 (5). doi:10.1128/mBio.02155-21. ISSN 2150-7511. PMC PMC8546865. PMID 34700384. https://journals.asm.org/doi/10.1128/mBio.02155-21.
↑  “Bugs across globe are evolving to eat plastic, study finds” (英語). The Guardian (14 December 2021). 2023年11月5日閲覧。
↑  “Our planet is drowning in plastic pollution. This World Environment Day, it's time for a change”. www.unep.org. 2021年3月27日閲覧。
↑  Verma, Rinku; Vinoda, K.S.; Papireddy, M.; Gowda, A.N.S. (2016-01-01). “Toxic Pollutants from Plastic Waste – A Review” (英語). Procedia Environmental Sciences 35:  701–708. doi:10.1016/j.proenv.2016.07.069. ISSN 1878-0296.
↑  “サーマルリサイクルが「リサイクルではない」と言われる理由 | 世界のソーシャルグッドなアイデアマガジン | IDEAS FOR GOOD” (2022年3月10日). 2023年11月7日閲覧。
↑  Kwon, Serang; Kang, Jieun; Lee, Beomhui; Hong, Soonwook; Jeon, Yongseok; Bak, Moonsoo; Im, Seong-kyun (2023-07-12). “Nonviable carbon neutrality with plastic waste-to-energy” (英語). Energy & Environmental Science 16 (7):  3074–3087. doi:10.1039/D3EE00969F. ISSN 1754-5706. https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlelanding/2023/ee/d3ee00969f.
↑  Schauffler, Marina (2022年2月25日). “Plastics could be creating a surge in waste-to-energy plants’ emissions” (英語). Energy News Network. 2023年11月9日閲覧。
↑  “Waste to Energy – Controversial power generation by incineration” (英語). Clean Energy Wire (2021年5月26日). 2023年11月9日閲覧。
↑  “Is burning plastic waste a good idea?” (英語). Environment (2019年3月12日). 2023年11月9日閲覧。
↑  “Why waste-to-energy incineration is a bad idea and not the answer to NZ’s plastic waste crisis” (英語). Greenpeace Aotearoa. 2023年11月9日閲覧。
↑  https://www.no-burn.org/wp-content/uploads/Plastic-is-Carbon-Oct2021.pdf　Plastic is carbon. Unwrapping the "net zero" myth.
↑  “COP26: Emissions of rich put climate goals at risk - study” (英語). BBC News. (2021年11月5日). https://www.bbc.com/news/world-59157836 2023年11月9日閲覧。
↑  https://www.gitc.pref.nagano.lg.jp/reports/pdf/H27/H27M1.pdf　プラスチックの300℃における炭化過程に関する研究、長野県工技センター研報、2015年
↑  Chen, Shuiliang; Liu, Zheng; Jiang, Shaohua; Hou, Haoqing (2020-03-25). “Carbonization: A feasible route for reutilization of plastic wastes”. Science of The Total Environment 710:  136250. doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.136250. ISSN 0048-9697. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0048969719362461.
↑  “ハワイに日本の炭化技術を！漂着ペットボトルを炭化し、資源循環させる - クラウドファンディング READYFOR”. readyfor.jp. 2023年11月7日閲覧。
↑  Wang, Linzheng; Zhang, Rui-zhi; Deng, Ruiqu; Luo, Yong-hao (2021-02-22). “Oxygen-Induced Enhancement in Low-Temperature Dechlorination of PVC: An Experimental and DFT Study on the Oxidative Pyrolysis Process” (英語). ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering 9 (7):  2835–2843. doi:10.1021/acssuschemeng.0c08667. ISSN 2168-0485. https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acssuschemeng.0c08667.
↑  Kots, Pavel A.; Vance, Brandon C.; Quinn, Caitlin M.; Wang, Cong; Vlachos, Dionisios G. (2023-10). “A two-stage strategy for upcycling chlorine-contaminated plastic waste” (英語). Nature Sustainability 6 (10):  1258–1267. doi:10.1038/s41893-023-01147-z. ISSN 2398-9629. https://www.nature.com/articles/s41893-023-01147-z.
↑  Yaqoob, Lubna; Noor, Tayyaba; Iqbal, Naseem (2022-04-26). “Conversion of Plastic Waste to Carbon-Based Compounds and Application in Energy Storage Devices” (英語). ACS Omega 7 (16):  13403–13435. doi:10.1021/acsomega.1c07291. ISSN 2470-1343. PMC PMC9088909. PMID 35559169. https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acsomega.1c07291.
↑  “株式会社大木工藝 | 環の知産”. ohki-techno.com. 2023年11月7日閲覧。
↑  Weldekidan, Haftom; Mohanty, Amar K.; Misra, Manjusri (2022-11-16). “Upcycling of Plastic Wastes and Biomass for Sustainable Graphitic Carbon Production: A Critical Review” (英語). ACS Environmental Au 2 (6):  510–522. doi:10.1021/acsenvironau.2c00029. ISSN 2694-2518. PMC PMC9673229. PMID 36411867. https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acsenvironau.2c00029.
↑  Gale, Mark; Nguyen, Peter M.; Gilliard-AbdulAziz, Kandis Leslie (2023-01-10). “Synergistic and Antagonistic Effects of the Co-Pyrolysis of Plastics and Corn Stover to Produce Char and Activated Carbon” (英語). ACS Omega 8 (1):  380–390. doi:10.1021/acsomega.2c04815. ISSN 2470-1343. PMC PMC9835080. PMID 36643465. https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acsomega.2c04815.
↑  Luo, Jiewen; Wang, Qian; Lin, Litao; Zhang, Shicheng; Zhu, Xiangdong (2021-03-29). “Waste Plastics Complement Biochar: Innovative Approach in Curbing Toxicants (KCN/NaCN) in N-Containing Biochar” (英語). ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering 9 (12):  4617–4624. doi:10.1021/acssuschemeng.1c00226. ISSN 2168-0485. https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acssuschemeng.1c00226.
1 2 3  Thushari, G. G. N.; Senevirathna, J. D. M. (1 August 2020). “Plastic pollution in the marine environment” (English). Heliyon 6 (8):  e04709. Bibcode: 2020Heliy...604709T. doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e04709. ISSN 2405-8440. PMC 7475234. PMID 32923712. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7475234/.
↑  Wichai-utcha, N.; Chavalparit, O. (1 January 2019). “3Rs Policy and plastic waste management in Thailand” (英語). Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management 21 (1):  10–22. doi:10.1007/s10163-018-0781-y. ISSN 1611-8227.
↑  Mohammed, Musa; Shafiq, Nasir; Elmansoury, Ali; Al-Mekhlafi, Al-Baraa Abdulrahman; Rached, Ehab Farouk; Zawawi, Noor Amila; Haruna, Abdulrahman; Rafindadi, Aminu Darda’u et al. (January 2021). “Modeling of 3R (Reduce, Reuse and Recycle) for Sustainable Construction Waste Reduction: A Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM)” (英語). Sustainability 13 (19):  10660. doi:10.3390/su131910660. ISSN 2071-1050.
↑  Zamroni, M.; Prahara, Rahma Sandhi; Kartiko, Ari; Purnawati, Dia; Kusuma, Dedi Wijaya (1 February 2020). “The Waste Management Program Of 3R (Reduce, Reuse, Recycle) By Economic Incentive And Facility Support” (英語). Journal of Physics: Conference Series 1471 (1):  012048. Bibcode: 2020JPhCS1471a2048Z. doi:10.1088/1742-6596/1471/1/012048.
↑  “4R'S - REFUSE, REUSE, REDUCE & RECYCLE” (英語). The Ministry of Infrastructure Cook Islands. 2024年9月23日閲覧。
1 2  “AF&PA Releases Community Recycling Survey Results”. 2 June 2012時点のオリジナルよりアーカイブ。3 February 2013閲覧。
1 2  “Life cycle of a plastic product”. Americanchemistry.com. 17 March 2010時点のオリジナルよりアーカイブ。3 September 2012閲覧。
↑  “Facts and Figures about Materials, Waste and Recycling”.   United States Environmental Protection Agency (2017年). 12 January 2020閲覧。
↑  “Waste reduction: 'Refill just one bottle and cut plastic use'”. BBC News. (15 January 2022). https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-suffolk-59956388 21 February 2022閲覧。
↑  Hildahl, Grace. “Opinion | Stop buying the bottle and embrace the environmentally friendly benefits of refill stations”. The Daily Iowan. https://dailyiowan.com/2022/02/03/opinion-stop-buying-the-bottle-and-embrace-the-environmentally-friendly-benefits-of-refill-stations/ 21 February 2022閲覧。
↑  “This UK supermarket is going refillable to help the planet – and save shoppers money” (英語). World Economic Forum. https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2019/06/this-uk-supermarket-is-going-refillable-to-cut-down-on-plastic-waste/ 21 February 2022閲覧。
↑  Lorraine Chow J, Lorraine (25 January 2019). “World's Biggest Brands Join Ambitious New Packaging Model”. Ecowatch. https://www.ecowatch.com/consumer-goods-packaging-sustainability-2627068258.html 27 January 2019閲覧。
↑  “'Loop' Launches in the U.S., Bringing Customers the Products They Love in a Milkman Model”. Greenmatters (21 May 2019). 27 May 2019閲覧。
↑  “Shop”. exploreloop.com. 2023年11月20日閲覧。
↑  “TerraCycle Pickup” (英語). TerraCycle Pickup. 2023年11月7日閲覧。
↑  “8 simple ways to reduce your plastic use” (英語). NBC News (18 March 2019). 21 February 2022閲覧。
↑  “Can you really have a plastic-free kitchen?” (英語). BBC Food. https://www.bbc.co.uk/food/articles/plastic_free_kitchen 21 February 2022閲覧。
↑  Li, Dunzhu; Shi, Yunhong; Yang, Luming; Xiao, Liwen; Kehoe, Daniel K.; Gun'ko, Yurii K.; Boland, John J.; Wang, Jing Jing (November 2020). “Microplastic release from the degradation of polypropylene feeding bottles during infant formula preparation” (英語). Nature Food 1 (11):  746–754. doi:10.1038/s43016-020-00171-y. hdl:2262/94127. ISSN 2662-1355. PMID 37128027. https://www.nature.com/articles/s43016-020-00171-y 9 November 2020閲覧。. 
News reports with lay summaries:
Trinity College Dublin (October 19, 2020). “High levels of microplastics released from infant feeding bottles during formula prep” (英語). phys.org. https://phys.org/news/2020-10-high-microplastics-infant-bottles-formula.html 9 November 2020閲覧。 
Carrington, Damian (19 October 2020). “Bottle-fed babies swallow millions of microplastics a day, study finds”. The Guardian. https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2020/oct/19/bottle-fed-babies-swallow-millions-microplastics-day-study 9 November 2020閲覧。
↑  Zuccarello, P.; Ferrante, M.; Cristaldi, A.; Copat, C.; Grasso, A.; Sangregorio, D.; Fiore, M.; Oliveri Conti, G. (15 June 2019). “Exposure to microplastics (<10 μm) associated to plastic bottles mineral water consumption: The first quantitative study” (英語). Water Research 157:  365–371. Bibcode: 2019WatRe.157..365Z. doi:10.1016/j.watres.2019.03.091. ISSN 0043-1354. PMID 30974285.
↑  Zangmeister, Christopher D.; Radney, James G.; Benkstein, Kurt D.; Kalanyan, Berc (3 May 2022). “Common Single-Use Consumer Plastic Products Release Trillions of Sub-100 nm Nanoparticles per Liter into Water during Normal Use” (英語). Environmental Science & Technology 56 (9):  5448–5455. Bibcode: 2022EnST...56.5448Z. doi:10.1021/acs.est.1c06768. ISSN 0013-936X. PMID 35441513.
↑  Eberle, Ute (15 August 2020). “Could a Solution to Marine Plastic Waste Threaten One of the Ocean's Most Mysterious Ecosystems?”. Ecowatch. Deutsche Welle. https://www.ecowatch.com/marine-plastic-waste-2646992655.html 24 August 2020閲覧。
1 2  Ritchie, Hannah; Roser, Max (1 September 2018). “Plastic Pollution”. Our World in Data. https://ourworldindata.org/plastic-pollution 3 July 2022閲覧。.
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↑  Willis, Kathryn; Hardesty, Britta Denise; Vince, Joanna; Wilcox, Chris (17 June 2022). “Local waste management successfully reduces coastal plastic pollution” (英語). One Earth 5 (6):  666–676. Bibcode: 2022OEart...5..666W. doi:10.1016/j.oneear.2022.05.008. ISSN 2590-3322.
↑  Lebreton, Laurent C. M.; van der Zwet, Joost; Damsteeg, Jan-Willem; Slat, Boyan; Andrady, Anthony; Reisser, Julia (7 June 2017). “River plastic emissions to the world's oceans” (英語). Nature Communications 8 (1):  15611. Bibcode: 2017NatCo...815611L. doi:10.1038/ncomms15611. ISSN 2041-1723. PMC 5467230. PMID 28589961. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5467230/.
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↑  “Bubble Barrier Westerdok”. www.amstrdam.nl.   Gemeente Amsterdam (City of Amsterdam). November 26, 2021閲覧。
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↑  Frost, Rosie (9 May 2022). “Plastic waste can now be found and monitored from space” (英語). euronews. https://www.euronews.com/green/2022/05/09/the-world-s-plastic-waste-has-been-mapped-from-space-for-the-first-time-ever 24 June 2022閲覧。
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↑  Bank, European Investment (2020) (英語). The EIB Group Climate Bank Roadmap 2021–2025. European Investment Bank. ISBN 978-9286149085. https://www.eib.org/en/publications/the-eib-group-climate-bank-roadmap
↑  Bank, European Investment (2020-10-14) (英語). The Clean Oceans Initiative. European Investment Bank. https://www.eib.org/en/publications/the-clean-ocean-initiative
↑  Bank, European Investment (2020-10-09) (英語). The EIB and the Clean Oceans Initiative. European Investment Bank. https://www.eib.org/en/publications/the-eib-and-the-clean-ocean-initiative
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↑  “Breakthrough in separating plastic waste: Machines can now distinguish 12 different types of plastic” (英語). Aarhus University. https://techxplore.com/news/2022-01-breakthrough-plastic-machines-distinguish.html 19 January 2022閲覧。
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↑  Qureshi, Muhammad Saad; Oasmaa, Anja; Pihkola, Hanna; Deviatkin, Ivan; Tenhunen, Anna; Mannila, Juha; Minkkinen, Hannu; Pohjakallio, Maija et al. (1 November 2020). “Pyrolysis of plastic waste: Opportunities and challenges” (英語). Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis 152:  104804. doi:10.1016/j.jaap.2020.104804. ISSN 0165-2370.
↑  Zorpas, Antonis A. (1 April 2016). “Sustainable waste management through end-of-waste criteria development” (英語). Environmental Science and Pollution Research 23 (8):  7376–7389. doi:10.1007/s11356-015-5990-5. ISSN 1614-7499. PMID 26690583.
↑  Brooks, Amy L.; Wang, Shunli; Jambeck, Jenna R. (June 2018). “The Chinese import ban and its impact on global plastic waste trade” (英語). Science Advances 4 (6):  eaat0131. Bibcode: 2018SciA....4..131B. doi:10.1126/sciadv.aat0131. PMC 6010324. PMID 29938223. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6010324/.
↑  “Turkey to ban plastic waste imports” (英語). The Guardian. (19 May 2021). https://www.theguardian.com/world/2021/may/19/turkey-to-ban-plastic-waste-imports 26 January 2022閲覧。
↑  Lee, Yen Nee (25 January 2019). “Malaysia, following in China's footsteps, bans imports of plastic waste” (英語). CNBC. https://www.cnbc.com/2019/01/25/climate-change-malaysia-following-china-bans-plastic-waste-imports.html 26 January 2022閲覧。
↑  “Cambodia probes Chinese firm over illegal waste imports” (英語). Reuters. (19 July 2019). https://www.reuters.com/article/us-cambodia-waste-idUSKCN1UE0PH 26 January 2022閲覧。
↑  “Thailand to ban imports of high-tech trash, plastic waste” (英語). Reuters. (16 August 2018). https://www.reuters.com/article/us-thailand-environment-waste-idUSKBN1L10QW 26 January 2022閲覧。
↑  Green, Adam (1 July 2020). “Recyclers turn to AI robots after waste import bans”. Financial Times. https://www.ft.com/content/04e34436-907b-11ea-bc44-dbf6756c871a 26 January 2022閲覧。
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↑  Pottinger, A. Samuel; Geyer, Roland; Biyani, Nivedita; Martinez, Ciera C.; Nathan, Neil; Morse, Molly R.; Liu, Chao; Hu, Shanying et al. (2024-12-06). “Pathways to reduce global plastic waste mismanagement and greenhouse gas emissions by 2050”. Science 386 (6726):  1168–1173. doi:10.1126/science.adr3837. https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.adr3837.
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1 2  “Albania bans non-biodegradable plastic bags”. Tirana Times (4 July 2018). 21 July 2018閲覧。
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↑  Wahlquist, Calla (15 April 2021). “'Single-use plastics' to be phased out in Australia from 2025 include plastic utensils and straws”. The Guardian. 21 January 2022閲覧。
1 2  “Which Australian states are banning single-use plastics?”. Australian Marine Conservation Society (6 December 2021). 21 January 2022閲覧。
↑  “National Plastics Plan 2021”. Department of Agriculture, Water and the Environment.   Australian Government (3 October 2021). 21 January 2022閲覧。 PDF CC BY 4.0.
↑  Newburger, Emma (21 June 2022). “Canada is banning single-use plastics, including grocery bags and straws”. CNBC. https://www.cnbc.com/2022/06/21/canada-is-banning-single-use-plastics-by-the-end-of-the-year-.html 4 July 2022閲覧。
↑  “The Macroproblem of Microplastics” (英語).   Ohio River Valley Institute (3 August 2020). 2023年11月5日閲覧。 “China, the world’s biggest consumer of single-use plastics.”
↑  “Single-use plastic: China to ban bags and other items”. BBC. (20 January 2020). https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-china-51171491 23 February 2020閲覧。
↑  “China to ban single-use plastic bags and straws”. Deutsche Welle. (20 January 2020). https://www.dw.com/en/china-to-ban-single-use-plastic-bags-and-straws/a-52065123 23 February 2020閲覧。
↑  “Plastics have shaped nearly every aspect of society. Now what?”. The Christian Science Monitor. https://www.csmonitor.com/Environment/2023/0710/Plastics-have-shaped-nearly-every-aspect-of-society.-Now-what 14 July 2023閲覧。.
↑  “The Colombian Law 2232 on the gradual reduction of the production and consumption of single-use plastic products”. 2024年11月4日閲覧。
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