Kekuatan besar
Catatan kaki

↑  Kelsen, Hans (2000). The law of the United Nations: a critical analysis of its fundamental ... United States of America: The Lawbook Exchange, Ltd. hlm. 272–281, 911. ISBN 1-58477-077-5.
↑  Fueter, Eduard (1922). World history, 1815–1920. United States of America: Harcourt, Brace and Company. hlm. 25–28, 36–44. ISBN 1-58477-077-5.  Parameter |url-status= yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (bantuan)
↑  Danilovic, Vesna. "When the Stakes Are High—Deterrence and Conflict among Major Powers", University of Michigan Press (2002), p 27, p225-p228  Diarsipkan 2006-08-30 di Wayback Machine.
↑  Charles Webster, (ed), British Diplomacy 1813–1815: Selected Documents Dealing with the Reconciliation of Europe, (1931), p307.
↑  Toje, A. (2010). The European Union as a small power: After the post-Cold War. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
1 2 3  Mehmet Sinan Birdal, The Holy Roman Empire and the Ottomans: From Global Imperial Power to Absolutist States (I. B. Tauris, 2011), p. 6.
1 2 3 4 5  Frost, Robert I (2000). The Northern Wars. War, State and Society in Northeastern Europe 1558-1721. Longman. ISBN 978-0-582-06429-4.
1 2 3 4  Wolf, John B. The Emergence of the Great Powers: 1685–1715 (1951), pp 15–53.
1 2 3 4 5  Falkner, James (2015). The War of the Spanish Succession 1701 – 1714. Pen & Sword. ISBN 978-1781590317.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7  "Seven Years War". The Canadian Encyclopedia, retrieved 17 June 2006.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38  Peter Howard (2008). "Great Powers". Encarta. MSN. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2009-10-31. Diakses tanggal 2008-12-20.  Parameter |url-status= yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (bantuan)Pemeliharaan CS1: Menggunakan parameter penulis (link)
1 2 3 4 5  Fueter, Eduard (1922). World history, 1815–1920. United States of America: Harcourt, Brace and Company. hlm. 25–28, 36–44. ISBN 1584770775.
1 2 3 4 5  Danilovic, Vesna. "When the Stakes Are High—Deterrence and Conflict among Major Powers", University of Michigan Press (2002), pp 27, 225–228 (PDF chapter downloads) (PDF copy).
1 2 3 4 5  McCarthy, Justin (1880). A History of Our Own Times, from 1880 to the Diamond Jubilee. New York, United States of America: Harper & Brothers, Publishers. hlm. 475–476.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9  Dallin, David. The Rise of Russia in Asia.
1 2  Childs, John (1991). The Nine Years' War and the British Army. Manchester University Press. ISBN 0-7190-3461-2
1 2 3 4 5  
MacMillan, Margaret (2003). Paris 1919. United States of America: Random House Trade. hlm. 36, 306, 431. ISBN 0-375-76052-0.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7  Harrison, M (2000) The Economics of World War II: Six Great Powers in International Comparison, Cambridge University Press.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27  Louden, Robert (2007). The world we want. United States of America: Oxford University Press US. hlm. 187. ISBN 0195321375.
1 2 3  The Superpowers: The United States, Britain and the Soviet Union – Their Responsibility for Peace (1944), written by William T.R. Fox
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15  Canada Among Nations, 2004: Setting Priorities Straight. McGill-Queen's Press - MQUP. 17 January 2005. hlm. 85. ISBN 0773528369. Diakses tanggal 13 June 2016.  ("The United States is the sole world's superpower. France, Italy, Germany and the United Kingdom are great powers")
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21  T. V. Paul; James J. Wirtz; Michel Fortmann (2005). Balance of Power. United States of America: State University of New York Press, 2005. hlm. 59, 282. ISBN 0791464016.  Accordingly, the great powers after the Cold War are Britain, China, France, Germany, Japan, Russia, and the United States p.59
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11  Sterio, Milena (2013). The right to self-determination under international law : "selfistans", secession and the rule of the great powers. Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon: Routledge. hlm. xii (preface). ISBN 0415668182. Diakses tanggal 13 June 2016.  ("The great powers are super-sovereign states: an exclusive club of the most powerful states economically, militarily, politically and strategically. These states include veto-wielding members of the United Nations Security Council (United States, United Kingdom, France, China, and Russia), as well as economic powerhouses such as Germany, Italy and Japan.")
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10  Transforming Military Power since the Cold War: Britain, France, and the United States, 1991–2012. Cambridge University Press. 2013. hlm. 224. ISBN 1107471494. Diakses tanggal 13 June 2016.  (During the Kosovo War (1998) "...Contact Group consisting of six great powers (the United states, Russia, France, Britain, Germany and Italy).")
↑  McCourt, David (28 May 2014). Britain and World Power Since 1945: Constructing a Nation's Role in International Politics. United States of America: University of Michigan Press. ISBN 0472072218.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21  Baron, Joshua (22 January 2014). Great Power Peace and American Primacy: The Origins and Future of a New International Order. United States: Palgrave Macmillan. ISBN 1137299487.
1 2 3  Chalmers, Malcolm (May 2015). "A Force for Order: Strategic Underpinnings of the Next NSS and SDSR" (PDF). Royal United Services Institute. Briefing Paper (SDSR 2015: Hard Choices Ahead): 2. While no longer a superpower (a position it lost in the 1940s), the UK remains much more than a 'middle power'.
↑  Walker, William (22 September 2015). "Trident's Replacement and the Survival of the United Kingdom". International Institute for Strategic Studies, Global Politics and Strategy. 57 (5): 7–28. Diakses tanggal 31 December 2015. Trident as a pillar of the transatlantic relationship and symbol of the UK's desire to remain a great power with global reach.
1 2 3 4  P. Shearman, M. Sussex, European Security After 9/11(Ashgate, 2004) - According to Shearman and Sussex, both the UK and France were great powers now reduced to middle power status.
↑  Swope, Kenneth M. (2014). The Military Collapse of China's Ming Dynasty, 1618–44 (edisi ke-illustrated). Routledge. ISBN 978-1134462094.
↑  Wang, Rigen (2000). "元明清政府海洋政策与东南沿海港市的兴衰嬗变片论" (PDF). The Journal of Chinese Social and Economic History (dalam bahasa Tionghoa) (2): 1–7  – via COnnecting REpositories. Moreover, three times of the Great Clearance, which happened in the 18th year of Shunzhi (1661), 3rd year of Kangxi(1664), 18th year of Kangxi(1679) respectively, caused 'what used to be busy and prosperous streets to become ruins, and the people who used to gather in the same place as family to separate. The documents that recorded family bonds got incomplete, classic books got lost, brothers were separated and ancestors were no longer worshiped. ' (Hanzi: 另外顺治十八年(1661) 、康熙三年 (1664) 、十八年 (1679)三次迁界 ,也造成了“昔之闾里繁盛者 ,化而为墟矣 ,昔之鸠宗聚族者 ,化而星散矣 ,户口凋残 ,典籍失矣 ,兄弟离散 ,神主遗之。”)
↑  Peter C Perdue (30 June 2009). China Marches West: The Qing Conquest of Central Eurasia. Harvard University Press. hlm. 331–332. ISBN 978-0-674-04202-5.
↑  Yingcong Dai (2009). The Sichuan Frontier and Tibet: Imperial Strategy in the Early Qing. University of Washington Press. hlm. 82–. ISBN 978-0-295-98952-5.
↑  Marvin C. Whiting (2002). Imperial Chinese Military History: 8000 BC – 1912 AD. iUniverse. hlm. 480–481. ISBN 978-0-595-22134-9.
↑  Ter Haar, BJ (1992). The White Lotus Teachings in Chinese Religious History. Leiden: Brill. hlm. 253.
↑  Kim Hodong, "Holy War in China: The Muslim Rebellion and State in Chinese Central Asia, 1864-1877". Stanford University Press (March 2004). ISBN 0-8047-4884-5. (Searchable text available on Amazon.com)
↑  Scott, David (2008). China and the international system, 1840-1949: power, presence, and perceptions in a century of humiliation. State University of New York Press. hlm. 9. ISBN 978-0-7914-7627-7.
↑  Eva Jane Price. China journal, 1889-1900: an American missionary family during the Boxer Rebellion, (1989). ISBN 0-684-19851-8; see Susanna Ashton, "Compound Walls: Eva Jane Price's Letters from a Chinese Mission, 1890-1900." Frontiers 1996 17(3): 80-94. Issn: 0160-9009 Fulltext: in Jstor
↑  Jordan, Donald A. (1976). The Northern Expedition: China's National Revolution of 1926-1928 (dalam bahasa Inggris). Honolulu: University Press of Hawaii. ISBN 9780824803520.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9   UW Press: Korea's Future and the Great Powers
↑  Yong Deng and Thomas G. Moore (2004) "China Views Globalization: Toward a New Great-Power Politics?" The Washington Quarterly[pranala nonaktif]
↑  Yong Deng and Thomas G. Moore (2004) "China Views Globalization: Toward a New Great-Power Politics?" The Washington Quarterly[pranala nonaktif]
↑  Yong Deng and Thomas G. Moore (2004) "China Views Globalization: Toward a New Great-Power Politics?" The Washington Quarterly[pranala nonaktif]
↑  "Poland - The states of the Jagiellonians". Encyclopedia Britannica.
1 2 3  Onnekink, David (2013). War and Religion after Westphalia, 1648–1713. Ashgate Publishing. hlm. 1–8. ISBN 9781409480211. Diakses tanggal 13 June 2018.
1 2  Wilson, Peter H. Europe's Tragedy: A New History of the Thirty Years War.
1 2  Otte M, Greve J (2000) A Rising Middle Power?: German Foreign Policy in Transformation, 1989-1999, St. Martin's Press
↑  Sperling, James (2001). "Neither Hegemony nor Dominance: Reconsidering German Power in Post Cold-War Europe". British Journal of Political Science. 31 (2). doi:10.1017/S0007123401000151.
↑  Sperling, James (2001). "Neither Hegemony nor Dominance: Reconsidering German Power in Post Cold-War Europe". British Journal of Political Science. 31 (2). doi:10.1017/S0007123401000151.
1 2  Stein, Burton (2010), A History of India, John Wiley & Sons, hlm. 159–, ISBN 978-1-4443-2351-1
↑  Asher, Catherine B.; Talbot, Cynthia (2006), India Before Europe, Cambridge University Press, hlm. 186–, ISBN 978-0-521-80904-7
↑  Later Mughals by William Irvine
1 2  "The Seven Great Powers". Diakses tanggal 2019-12-26.
1 2  "India: The In-Between Great Power". Diakses tanggal 2019-12-26.
1 2  "India's Rise as a Great Power, Part One: Regional and Global Implications". Futuredirections.org.au. 7 July 2011. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 27 November 2013. Diakses tanggal 2013-11-17.  Parameter |url-status= yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (bantuan)
1 2  Robyn Meredith (2007). The Elephant and the Dragon: The Rise of India and China and What it Means for All of Us. W.W Norton and Company. ISBN 978-0-393-33193-6.
↑  Kennedy, Paul (1987). The Rise and Fall of the Great Powers. United States of America: Random House. hlm. 204. ISBN 0-394-54674-1.
↑  Best, Antony; Hanhimäki, Jussi; Maiolo, Joseph; Schulze, Kirsten (2008). International History of the Twentieth Century and Beyond. United States of America: Routledge. hlm. 9. ISBN 0415438969.
↑  Wight, Martin (2002). Power Politics. United Kingdom: Continuum International Publishing Group. hlm. 46. ISBN 0826461743.
↑  Waltz, Kenneth (1979). Theory of International Politics. United States of America: McGraw-Hill. hlm. 162. ISBN 0-07-554852-6.
↑  "Italy plays a prominent role in European and global military, cultural and diplomatic affairs. The country's European political, social and economic influence make it a major regional power." See Italy: Justice System and National Police Handbook, Vol. 1 (Washington, D.C.: International Business Publications, 2009), p. 9.
↑  Italy: 150 years of a small great power, eurasia-rivista.org, 21 December 2010
↑  Verbeek, Bertjan; Giacomello, Giampiero (2011). Italy's foreign policy in the twenty-first century : the new assertiveness of an aspiring middle power. Lanham, Md.: Lexington Books. ISBN 978-0-7391-4868-6.
↑  "Italy plays a prominent role in European and global military, cultural and diplomatic affairs. The country's European political, social and economic influence make it a major regional power." See Italy: Justice System and National Police Handbook, Vol. 1 (Washington, D.C.: International Business Publications, 2009), p. 9.
↑  Italy: 150 years of a small great power, eurasia-rivista.org, 21 December 2010
↑  Verbeek, Bertjan; Giacomello, Giampiero (2011). Italy's foreign policy in the twenty-first century : the new assertiveness of an aspiring middle power. Lanham, Md.: Lexington Books. ISBN 978-0-7391-4868-6.
↑  "Italy plays a prominent role in European and global military, cultural and diplomatic affairs. The country's European political, social and economic influence make it a major regional power." See Italy: Justice System and National Police Handbook, Vol. 1 (Washington, D.C.: International Business Publications, 2009), p. 9.
↑  Italy: 150 years of a small great power, eurasia-rivista.org, 21 December 2010
↑  Verbeek, Bertjan; Giacomello, Giampiero (2011). Italy's foreign policy in the twenty-first century : the new assertiveness of an aspiring middle power. Lanham, Md.: Lexington Books. ISBN 978-0-7391-4868-6.
1 2 3  Richard N. Haass, "Asia's overlooked Great Power", Project Syndicate April 20, 2007.
↑  Robert W. Cox, 'Middlepowermanship, Japan, and Future World Order, International Journal, Vol. 44, No. 4 (1989), pp. 823-862.
↑  Robert W. Cox, 'Middlepowermanship, Japan, and Future World Order, International Journal, Vol. 44, No. 4 (1989), pp. 823-862.
↑  Chester S. L. Dunning, Russia's First Civil War: The Time of Troubles and the Founding of the Romanov Dynasty, Pennsylvania State University Press, 2001, ISBN 0-271-02074-1
↑  Wolf, John B. The Emergence of the Great Powers: 1685–1715 (1951), pp 15–53.
↑  Neumann, Iver B. (2008). "Russia as a great power, 1815–2007". Journal of International Relations and Development. 11: 128–151 [p. 128]. doi:10.1057/jird.2008.7. As long as Russia's rationality of government deviates from present-day hegemonic neo-liberal models by favouring direct state rule rather than indirect governance, the West will not recognize Russia as a fully fledged great power.
↑  Neumann, Iver B. (2008). "Russia as a great power, 1815–2007". Journal of International Relations and Development. 11: 128–151 [p. 128]. doi:10.1057/jird.2008.7. As long as Russia's rationality of government deviates from present-day hegemonic neo-liberal models by favouring direct state rule rather than indirect governance, the West will not recognize Russia as a fully fledged great power.
1 2 3  "Analyzing American Power in the Post-Cold War Era". Diakses tanggal 2007-02-28.
1 2  Geoffrey Parker The army of Flanders and the Spanish road, London, 1972 |ISBN=0-521-08462-8, p. 35
1 2 3  Roger Chickering and Stig Förster, eds. (2010). War in an Age of Revolution, 1775–1815. Cambridge UP. hlm. 243. ISBN 9780521899963. Pemeliharaan CS1: Teks tambahan: authors list (link)
↑  "A History of Modern Morocco" pages 24–25 Susan Gilson Miller, Cambridge University Press 2013
↑  Centennial of the Spanish-American War 1898–1998 by Lincoln Cushing
↑  Glenn, Joseph Ames (2000). Renascent Empire?: The House of Braganza and the Quest for Stability in Portuguese Monsoon Asia c.1640-1683. Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press. hlm. 155. ISBN 978-90-5356-382-3.
↑  Do Antigo Regime ao Portugal liberal
↑  Blow, David (2009). Shah Abbas: The Ruthless King Who became an Iranian Legend. London, UK: I. B. Tauris & Co. Ltd. ISBN 978-1-84511-989-8. LCCN 2009464064.
↑  {cite book|last1=Matthee|first1=Rudi|title=Persia in Crisis: Safavid Decline and the Fall of Isfahan|date=2012|publisher=I.B.Tauris|isbn=978-1845117450|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fFaw4od7nfUC&q=Manuchihr+II+of+Shirvan%7Cref=harv}}
↑  Matthee, Rudi (2015). "Solṭān Ḥosayn". Encyclopaedia Iranica.
↑  Elena Andreeva, Russia and Iran in the Great Game: Travelogues and Orientalism, (Routledge, 2007), 38.
↑  Michael Axworthy, The Sword of Persia: Nader Shah, from Tribal Warrior to Conquering Tyrant Hardcover 348 pages (26 July 2006) Publisher: I.B. Tauris  Language: English ISBN 1-85043-706-8
↑  Rhoads, Murphey (1999). Ottoman Warfare, 1500-1700. Rutgers University Press.
↑  Davies, Brian L. (2016). The Russo-Turkish War, 1768–1774. New York: Bloomsbury Academic. ISBN 1472508017.
↑  de Bellaigue, Christopher. "The Sick Man of Europe". The New York Review of Books, 48:11, 2001-07-05.
| l b Sejarah imperium-imperium dunia |
| --- | --- |
Imperium kuno:  Akkadia · Mesir · Asiria · Babilonia · Aksum · Het · Persia  (Media · Akhemeniyah · Parthia · Sasaniyah) ·  Makedonia (Ptolemaik · Seleukia) · Kartago · India (Nanda · Maurya · Sunga · Satavahana · Kushan · Gupta · Harsha) · Tiongkok (Qin · Han · Jin) · Romawi (Romawi Barat · Romawi Timur) · Nirun
Imperium abad pertengahan:  Ayyubiyyah · Byzantium · Hun · Turk (Turk · Timur · Barat) · Arab (Rasyidin · Umayyah · Abbasiyah · Fatimiyah · Kordoba) · Maroko (Idrisiyah · Murabithun · Muwahhidun · Mariniyah) · India (Pala · Chola · Delhi · Wijayanagara) · Persia (Tahiriyah · Samaniyah · Buwayhiyah · Saffariyah · Ziyariyah) ·  Ghaznawiyah · Benin · Seljuk · Oyo · Bornu · Khwarezmia · Timuriyah · Mongol (Yuan · Jochi · Chagatai · Kekhanan Il) · Kanem · Serbia · Songhai · Khmer · Bulgaria · Karoling · Romawi Suci · Angevin · Mali · Tiongkok (Sui · Tang · Song · Yuan) · Tibet · Uighur · Ghana · Aztek · Inka · Sriwijaya · Majapahit · Ethiopia (Zagwe · Salomo) · Aceh · Brunei · Vietnam (Dai Viet) · Tonga · Melaka · Demak · Mamluk Mesir · Venesia · Georgia
Imperium modern:  Afghan · India (Mughal · Maratha · Sikh · Mysore) · Tiongkok (Ming · Qing · Tiongkok · Manchukuo) · Ternate · Vietnam (Dai Nam · Vietnam) · Utsmaniyah · Persia  (Safawiyah · Afshariyah · Zand · Qajar · Pahlavi) · Cirebon · Oman · Johor · Ethiopia · Uzbek (Uzbek · Bukhara) · Maroko (Saadi · Alaouite) · Afrika Tengah · Portugis · Spanyol · Iberia · Belanda · Britania · Banten · Mataram · Prancis (Napoleon Prancis · Kolonial Prancis) · Austria · Jerman (Kolonial Jerman · Jerman Nazi) · Rusia · Swedia · Austria-Hungaria · Brasil · Meksiko (Pertama · Kedua) · Haiti (Pertama · Kedua) · Kolonial Italia · Kolonial Belgia · Kolonial Denmark · Kolonial Norwegia · Korea · Jepang
Imperium Adidaya:  Imperium terbesar · Kekuatan Besar kuno · Kekuatan Besar abad pertengahan · Kekuatan Besar modern · Imperium kolonial