Barack Obama
Catatan kaki

↑  "President Barack Obama". Washington, D.C.: The White House.   2008. Retrieved December 12, 2008.
1 2  
"Certificate of Live Birth: Barack Hussein Obama II, August 4, 1961, 7:24 pm, Honolulu". Department of Health, State of Hawaii (The White House). April 27, 2011. Archived from the original on April 29, 2011. Retrieved April 27, 2011.
↑  Fornek, Scott; Good, Greg (9 September 2007). "The Obama family tree" (PDF). Chicago Sun-Times. hlm. 2B–3B. Diakses tanggal 22 March 2008. Pemeliharaan CS1: Banyak nama: authors list (link)
↑  Crilly, Rob (22 August 2008). "Life is good in my Nairobi slum, says Barack Obama's younger brother". The Times. London. hlm. 37. Diakses tanggal 23 August 2008.
↑  Pflanz, Mike (21 August 2008). "Barack Obama is my inspiration, says lost brother". The Daily Telegraph. London. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2008-12-02. Diakses tanggal 23 August 2008.
↑  "The President's Kin" (PDF). New York. 23 November 2009. Diakses tanggal 20 January 2012.
↑  Shear, Michael (January 21, 2013). "Obama Cites Nation's Ideals in Call to Act". The New York Times. Diakses tanggal January 21, 2013.
↑  Maraniss, David (August 24, 2008). "Though Obama had to leave to find himself, it is Hawaii that made his rise possible". The Washington Post. p. A22. Retrieved October 28, 2008.
↑  Nakaso, Dan (December 22, 2008). "Twin sisters, Obama on parallel paths for years". The Honolulu Advertiser. p. B1. Retrieved January 22, 2011.
↑  Rudin, Ken (December 23, 2009). "Today's Junkie segment On TOTN: a political review Of 2009". Talk of the Nation (Political Junkie blog) (NPR). Retrieved April 18, 2010. "We began with the historic inauguration on January 20—yes, the first president ever born in Hawaii"
↑  Obama (1995, 2004), p. 12.
↑  Jones, Tim (March 27, 2007). "Barack Obama: Mother not just a girl from Kansas; Stanley Ann Dunham shaped a future senator". Chicago Tribune. p. 1 (Tempo). Archived from the original on February 21, 2009. Retrieved May 18, 2012.
1 2 Obama (1995, 2004), pp. 9–10.
Scott (2011), pp. 80–86.
Jacobs (2011), pp. 115–118.
Maraniss (2012), p. 154–160.
↑  Ripley, Amanda (April 9, 2008). "The story of Barack Obama's mother". Time. Retrieved April 9, 2007.
↑ Scott (2011), p. 86.
Jacobs (2011), pp. 125–127.
Maraniss (2012), p. 160–163.
↑ Scott (2011), pp. 87–93.
Jacobs (2011), pp. 115–118, 125–127, 133–161.
Maraniss (2012), pp. 170–183, 188–189.
↑ Scott (2011), pp. 142–144.
Jacobs (2011), pp. 161–177, 227–230.
Maraniss (2012), pp. 190–194, 201–209, 227–230.
↑ Ochieng, Philip (November 1, 2004). "From home squared to the US Senate: how Barack Obama was lost and found". The EastAfrican . Archived from the original on September 27, 2007. Retrieved June 25, 2008.
Merida, Kevin (December 14, 2007). "The ghost of a father". The Washington Post. p. A12. Retrieved June 25, 2008.
Jacobs (2011), pp. 251–255.
Maraniss (2012), pp. 411–417.
↑ Scott (2011), pp. 97–103.
Maraniss (2012), pp. 195–201, 225–230.
↑  Maraniss (2012), pp. 195–201, 209–223, 230–244.
↑  Maraniss (2012), pp. 216, 221, 230, 234–244.
↑ Serafin, Peter (March 21, 2004). "Punahou grad stirs up Illinois politics". Honolulu Star-Bulletin . Retrieved March 20, 2008.
Scott, Janny (March 14, 2008). "A free-spirited wanderer who set Obama's path". The New York Times. p. A1. Retrieved November 18, 2011.
Obama (1995, 2004), Chapters 3 and 4.
Scott (2012), pp. 131–134.
Maraniss (2012), pp. 264–269.
↑ Scott (2011), pp. 139–157.
Maraniss (2012), pp. 279–281.
↑ Scott (2011), pp. 157–194.
Maraniss (2012), pp. 279–281, 324–326.
↑  Scott (2011), pp. 214, 294, 317–346.
↑ Serrano, Richard A. (March 11, 2007). "Obama's peers didn't see his angst". Los Angeles Times . p. A20. Retrieved March 13, 2007.
Obama (1995, 2004), Chapters 4 and 5.
↑  Reyes, B.J. (February 8, 2007). "Punahou left lasting impression on Obama". Honolulu Star-Bulletin. Retrieved February 10, 2007. "As a teenager, Obama went to parties and sometimes sought out gatherings on military bases or at the University of Hawaii that were mostly attended by blacks."
↑  Elliott, Philip (November 21, 2007). "Obama gets blunt with N.H. students". The Boston Globe (Associated Press). p. 8A. Retrieved May 18, 2012.
↑ Karl, Jonathan (May 25, 2012). "Obama and his pot-smoking "choom gang"". ABC News . Retrieved May 25, 2012.
Obama (1995, 2004), pp. 93–94.
for analysis of the political impact of the quote and Obama's more recent admission that he smoked marijuana as a teenager ("When I was a kid, I inhaled"), see:
Seelye, Katharine Q. (October 24, 2006). "Obama offers more variations from the norm". The New York Times. p. A21. Retrieved October 29, 2006.
Romano, Lois (January 3, 2007). "Effect of Obama's candor remains to be seen". The Washington Post. p. A1. Retrieved January 14, 2007.
↑  "FRONTLINE The Choice 2012". PBS. October 9, 2012. Diakses tanggal October 29, 2012.
↑  Hornick, Ed (August 17, 2008). "Obama, McCain talk issues at pastor's forum". CNN. Retrieved May 18, 2012.
1 2 Gordon, Larry (January 29, 2007). "Occidental recalls 'Barry' Obama". Los Angeles Times . p. B1. Archived from the original on May 24, 2010. Retrieved May 12, 2010.
Possley, Maurice (March 30, 2007). "Activism blossomed in college". Chicago Tribune. p. 20. Retrieved May 12, 2010.
Kovaleski, Serge F. (February 9, 2008). "Old friends say drugs played bit part in Obama's young life". The New York Times. p. A1. Retrieved May 12, 2010.
Rohter, Larry (April 10, 2008). "Obama says real-life experience trumps rivals' foreign policy credits". The New York Times. p. A18. Retrieved May 12, 2010.
Goldman, Adam; Tanner, Robert (May 15, 2008). "Old friends recall Obama's years in LA, NYC". USA Today (Associated Press). Retrieved May 12, 2010.
Helman, Scott (August 25, 2008). "Small college awakened future senator to service (subscription archive)". The Boston Globe. p. 1A. Retrieved May 12, 2010.
Jackson, Brooks (June 5, 2009). "More 'birther' nonsense: Obama's 1981 Pakistan trip". FactCheck.org. Retrieved May 12, 2010.
Remnick, David (2010). The Bridge: The Life and Rise of Barack Obama. New York: Alfred A. Knopf. pp. 98–112. ISBN 978-1-4000-4360-6.
Obama (1995, 2004), pp. 92–112.
Mendell (2007), pp. 55–62.
↑  Boss-Bicak, Shira (January 2005). "Barack Obama '83". ISSN 0572-7820. Retrieved October 1, 2006.
↑ Obama, Barack (1998). "Curriculum vitae". The University of Chicago Law School. Archived from the original on May 9, 2001. Retrieved October 1, 2006.
Issenberg, Sasha (August 6, 2008). "Obama shows hints of his year in global finance; Tied markets to social aid". The Boston Globe. p. 1A. Archived from the original on August 9, 2008. Retrieved August 6, 2008.
↑ Scott, Janny (July 30, 2007). "Obama's account of New York often differs from what others say". The New York Times . p. B1. Retrieved July 31, 2007.
Obama (1995, 2004), pp. 133–140.
Mendell (2007), pp. 62–63.
1 2 3 4  Chassie, Karen, ed. (2007). Who's Who in America, 2008. New Providence, NJ: Marquis Who's Who. p. 3468. ISBN 978-0-8379-7011-0.
↑ Lizza, Ryan (March 19, 2007). "The agitator: Barack Obama's unlikely political education". The New Republic 236 (12): 22–26, 28–29. ISSN 0028-6583. Retrieved August 21, 2007.
Secter, Bob; McCormick, John (March 30, 2007). "Portrait of a pragmatist". Chicago Tribune. p. 1. Archived from the original on December 14, 2009. Retrieved May 18, 2012.
Obama (1995, 2004), pp. 140–295.
Mendell (2007), pp. 63–83.
1 2 3 Matchan, Linda (February 15, 1990). "A Law Review breakthrough". The Boston Globe . p. 29. Retrieved June 15, 2008.
Corr, John (February 27, 1990). "From mean streets to hallowed halls" (paid archive). The Philadelphia Inquirer. p. C01. Retrieved June 6, 2008.
↑  Obama, Barack (August–September 1988). "Why organize? Problems and promise in the inner city". Illinois Issues 14 (8–9): 40–42. ISSN 0738-9663. reprinted in: 
 Knoepfle, Peg, ed. (1990). After Alinsky: community organizing in Illinois. Springfield, IL: Sangamon State University. pp. 35–40. ISBN 0-9620873-3-5. "He has also been a consultant and instructor for the Gamaliel Foundation, an organizing institute working throughout the Midwest."
1 2  Obama, Auma (2012). And then life happens: a memoir. New York: St. Martin's Press. pp. 189–208, 212–216. ISBN 978-1-250-01005-6.
↑ Obama (1995, 2004), pp. 299–437.
Maraniss (2012), pp. 564–570.
↑ Mundy, Liza (2008). Michelle: a biography . New York: Simon & Schuster. p. 189. ISBN 978-1-4165-9943-2.
Maraniss (2012), p. 564.
↑  Gnecchi, Nico (February 27, 2006). "Obama receives hero's welcome at his family's ancestral village in Kenya". Voice of America. Archived from the original on March 21, 2008. Retrieved June 25, 2008.
1 2 Levenson, Michael; Saltzman, Jonathan (January 28, 2007). "At Harvard Law, a unifying voice". The Boston Globe . p. 1A. Retrieved June 15, 2008.
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Mundy, Liza (August 12, 2007). "A series of fortunate events". The Washington Post. p. W10. Retrieved June 15, 2008.
Mendell (2007), pp. 80–92.
1 2 Butterfield, Fox (February 6, 1990). "First black elected to head Harvard's Law Review". The New York Times . p. A20. Retrieved June 15, 2008.
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Evans, Gaynelle (March 15, 1990). "Opening another door: The saga of Harvard's Barack H. Obama". Black Issues in Higher Education 7 (1): 5. ISSN 0742-0277. Retrieved May 18, 2012.
Pugh, Allison J. (April 18, 1990). "Law Review's first black president aims to help poor". The Miami Herald (Associated Press). p. C01. Retrieved June 15, 2008.
↑  Aguilar, Louis (July 11, 1990). "Survey: Law firms slow to add minority partners". Chicago Tribune. p. 1 (Business). Retrieved June 15, 2008.
↑  
Adams, Richard (May 9, 2007). "Barack Obama". The Guardian (London). Archived from the original on October 13, 2008. Retrieved October 26, 2008.
1 2 3 Scott, Janny (May 18, 2008). "The story of Obama, written by Obama". The New York Times . p. A1. Retrieved June 15, 2008.
Obama (1995, 2004), pp. xiii–xvii.
↑ Merriner, James L. (June 2008). "The friends of O". Chicago 57 (6): 74–79, 97–99. ISSN 0362-4595. Retrieved January 30, 2010.
Zengerle, Jason (July 30, 2008). "Con law; What the University of Chicago right thinks of Obama". The New Republic 239 (1): 7–8. ISSN 0028-6583. Retrieved January 30, 2010.
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↑ "Statement regarding Barack Obama". University of Chicago Law School. March 27, 2008. Archived from the original on June 8, 2008. Retrieved June 5, 2008.
Miller, Joe (March 28, 2008). "Was Barack Obama really a constitutional law professor?". FactCheck.org. Retrieved May 18, 2012.
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↑ White, Jesse, ed. (2000). Illinois Blue Book, 2000, Millennium ed.. Springfield, IL: Illinois Secretary of State. p. 83. Archived from the original on April 16, 2004. Retrieved June 6, 2008.
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Anderson, Veronica (September 27 – October 3 1993). "40 under Forty: Barack Obama, Director, Illinois Project Vote". Crain's Chicago Business 16 (39): 43. ISSN 0149-6956.
↑  Gore, D'Angelo (June 14, 2012). "The Obamas' Law Licenses". FactCheck.org. Retrieved July 16, 2012.
↑ Robinson, Mike (February 20, 2007). "Obama got start in civil rights practice". The Boston Globe (Associated Press). Retrieved June 15, 2008.
Pallasch, Abdon M. (December 17, 2007). "As lawyer, Obama was strong, silent type; He was 'smart, innovative, relentless,' and he mostly let other lawyers do the talking" (paid archive). Chicago Sun-Times. p. 4. Retrieved June 15, 2008.
Morain, Dan (April 6, 2008). "Obama's law days effective but brief". Los Angeles Times. p. A14. Retrieved February 14, 2010.
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Obama (1995, 2004), pp. 438–439.
Mendell (2007), pp. 104–106.
↑ Jackson, David; Ray Long (April 3, 2007). "Obama Knows His Way Around a Ballot". Chicago Tribune . Archived from the original on October 11, 2008. Retrieved May 18, 2012.
White, Jesse (2001). "Legislative Districts of Cook County, 1991 Reapportionment". Illinois Blue Book 2001–2002. Springfield: Illinois Secretary of State. p. 65. Retrieved July 16, 2011. State Sen. District 13 = State Rep. Districts 25 & 26.
↑  Slevin, Peter (February 9, 2007). "Obama Forged Political Mettle in Illinois Capitol". The Washington Post. Retrieved April 20, 2008.Helman, Scott (September 23, 2007). "In Illinois, Obama dealt with Lobbyists". The Boston Globe. Archived from the original on April 16, 2008. Retrieved April 20, 2008. See also:"Obama Record May Be Gold Mine for Critics". Associated Press. CBS News. January 17, 2007. Archived from the original on April 12, 2008. Retrieved April 20, 2008.
1 2  Scott, Janny (July 30, 2007). "In Illinois, Obama Proved Pragmatic and Shrewd". The New York Times. Archived from the original on April 24, 2008. Retrieved April 20, 2008.
↑  Allison, Melissa (December 15, 2000). "State takes on predatory lending; Rules would halt single-premium life insurance financing" (paid archive). Chicago Tribune. p. 1 (Business). Archived from the original on June 17, 2008. Retrieved June 1, 2008.Long, Ray; Allison, Melissa (April 18, 2001). "Illinois OKs predatory loan curbs; State aims to avert home foreclosures" (paid archive). Chicago Tribune. p. 1. Retrieved June 1, 2008.
↑  "13th District: Barack Obama". Illinois State Senate Democrats. August 24, 2000. Archived from the original on April 12, 2000. Retrieved April 20, 2008."13th District: Barack Obama". Illinois State Senate Democrats. October 9, 2004. Archived from the original on August 2, 2004. Retrieved April 20, 2008.
↑ "Federal Elections 2000: U.S. House Results – Illinois". Federal Election Commission. Archived from the original on March 28, 2008. Retrieved April 24, 2008.
Gonyea, Dan (September 19, 2007). "Obama's Loss May Have Aided White House Bid". Archived from the original on February 18, 2011. Retrieved January 30, 2011.
Scott, Janny (September 9, 2007). "A Streetwise Veteran Schooled Young Obama". The New York Times. Archived from the original on March 21, 2008. Retrieved April 20, 2008.
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Wills, Christopher (October 24, 2007). "Obama learned from failed Congress run". USA Today. Retrieved November 15, 2010.
↑  Calmes, Jackie (February 23, 2007). "Statehouse Yields Clues to Obama". The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved April 20, 2008.
↑  Tavella, Anne Marie (April 14, 2003). "Profiling, taping plans pass Senate" (paid archive). Daily Herald. p. 17. Retrieved June 1, 2008.Haynes, V. Dion (June 29, 2003). "Fight racial profiling at local level, lawmaker says; U.S. guidelines get mixed review" (paid archive). Chicago Tribune. p. 8. Archived from the original on June 17, 2008. Retrieved June 1, 2008.Pearson, Rick (July 17, 2003). "Taped confessions to be law; State will be 1st to pass legislation" (paid archive). Chicago Tribune. p. 1 (Metro). Retrieved June 1, 2008.
↑  Youngman, Sam; Aaron Blake (March 14, 2007). "Obama's Crime Votes Are Fodder for Rivals". The Hill. Retrieved May 18, 2012. See also:"US Presidential Candidate Obama Cites Work on State Death Penalty Reforms". International Herald Tribune (Associated Press). November 12, 2007. Archived from the original on June 7, 2008. Retrieved May 18, 2012.
↑  Coffee, Melanie (November 6, 2004). "Attorney Chosen to Fill Obama's State Senate Seat". Associated Press. HPKCC. Archived from the original on May 16, 2008. Retrieved April 20, 2008.
↑  Helman, Scott (October 12, 2007). "Early defeat launched a rapid political climb". The Boston Globe. p. 1A. Retrieved April 13, 2008.
↑  Strausberg, Chinta (September 26, 2002). "Opposition to war mounts" (paid archive). Chicago Defender. p. 1. Retrieved February 3, 2008.
↑ Office of the Press Secretary (October 2, 2002). "President, House leadership agree on Iraq resolution". The White House. Retrieved February 18, 2008.
Tackett, Michael (October 3, 2002). "Bush, House OK Iraq deal; Congress marches with Bush" (paid archive). Chicago Tribune. p. 1. Retrieved February 3, 2008.
↑ Glauber, Bill (October 3, 2003). "War protesters gentler, but passion still burns" (paid archive). Chicago Tribune . p. 1. Retrieved February 3, 2008.
Strausberg, Chinta (October 3, 2002). "War with Iraq undermines U.N". Chicago Defender. p. 1. Retrieved October 28, 2008. "Photo caption: Left Photo: Sen. Barack Obama along with Rev. Jesse Jackson spoke to nearly 3,000 anti-war protestors (below) during a rally at Federal Plaza Wednesday."
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↑ Obama, Barack (October 2, 2002). "Remarks of Illinois State Sen. Barack Obama against going to war with Iraq". BarackObama.com. Archived from the original on January 30, 2008. Retrieved February 3, 2008.
McCormick, John (October 3, 2007). "Obama marks '02 war speech; Contender highlights his early opposition in effort to distinguish him from his rivals" (paid archive). Chicago Tribune. p. 7. Retrieved October 28, 2008. "The top strategist for Sen. Barack Obama has just 14 seconds of video of what is one of the most pivotal moments of the presidential candidate's political career. The video, obtained from a Chicago TV station, is of Obama's 2002 speech in opposition to the impending Iraq invasion."
Pallasch, Abdon M. (October 3, 2007). "Obama touts anti-war cred; Kicks off tour 5 years after speech critical of going to Iraq" (paid archive). Chicago Sun-Times. p. 26. Retrieved October 28, 2008.
↑ Ritter, Jim (March 17, 2003). "Anti-war rally here draws thousands" (paid archive). Chicago Sun-Times . p. 3. Retrieved February 3, 2008.
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↑ Mendell, David (March 17, 2004). "Obama routs Democratic foes; Ryan tops crowded GOP field; Hynes, Hull fall far short across state". Chicago Tribune . p. 1. Retrieved March 1, 2009.
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↑  Bernstein, David (June 2007). "The Speech". Retrieved April 13, 2008.
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↑  Barack Obama di Biographical Directory of the United States Congress, diakses October 12, 2011
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↑ Mason, Jeff (November 16, 2008). "Obama resigns Senate seat, thanks Illinois". Reuters. Retrieved March 10, 2009.
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↑  McCormack, John (December 21, 2007). "Google Government Gone Viral". Weekly Standard. Archived from the original on April 23, 2008. Retrieved April 27, 2008. See also:"President Bush Signs Coburn–Obama Transparency Act". Tom Coburn U.S. Senate Office. September 26, 2006. Archived from the original on May 1, 2008. Retrieved April 27, 2008. and USAspending.gov
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↑  McIntire, Mike (February 3, 2008). "Nuclear Leaks and Response Tested Obama in Senate". The New York Times. Archived from the original on May 12, 2008. Retrieved April 27, 2008.
↑  Fisher, Daniel (August 11, 2008). "November Election A Lawyer's Delight". Forbes. Archived from the original on September 20, 2012. Retrieved January 11, 2009.
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