Romawi Kuno
Rujukan dan keterangan

1 2 3 4  Adkins, Lesley; Adkins, Roy (1998). Handbook to Life in Ancient Rome. Oxford: Oxford University Press. hlm. 350–352. ISBN 978-0-19-512332-6.
↑  Roman Painting from Timeline of Art History. Department of Greek and Roman Art, The Metropolitan Museum of Art. 2004–10. Diakses 22 April 2007.
1 2 3  Donald Jay Grout; Claude V. Palisca (June 1988). A history of western music. Norton. Diakses tanggal 31 Mei 2012.
↑  Adkins, Lesley; Adkins, Roy (1998). Handbook to Life in Ancient Rome. Oxford: Oxford University Press. hlm. 89. ISBN 978-0-19-512332-6.
↑  Adkins, Lesley; Adkins, Roy (1998). Handbook to Life in Ancient Rome. Oxford: Oxford University Press. hlm. 349–350. ISBN 978-0-19-512332-6.
↑  Adkins, Lesley; Adkins, Roy (1998). Handbook to Life in Ancient Rome. Oxford: Oxford University Press. hlm. 300. ISBN 978-0-19-512332-6.
↑  Grant, Michael (2005). Cities of Vesuvius: Pompeii and Herculaneum. London: Phoenix Press. hlm. 130–134. ISBN 978-1-898800-45-3.
↑  Civitello, Linda (2011-03-29). Cuisine and Culture: A History of Food and People (dalam bahasa Inggris). John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 9780470403716.
1 2 3  Casson, Lionel (1998). Everyday Life in Ancient Rome. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press. hlm. 98–108. ISBN 978-0-8018-5992-2.
1 2  "Daily Life: Entertainment". SPQR Online. 1998. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 30 April 2007. Diakses tanggal 22 April 2007.
↑  Circus Maximus. Encyclopedia Romana. University of Chicago. Diakses 19 April 2007.
↑  John Humphrey, Roman circuses: arenas for chariot racing, University of California Press, 1986, hlm. 216.
↑  Undang-undang Romawi Kuno mengharamkan pemberian suap kepada budak belian dengan maksud mendapatkan rahasia keahlian majikannya. Zeidman, Bob (2011). The Software IP Detective's Handbook: : Measurement, Comparison, and Infringement Detection (edisi ke-1). Prentice Hall. hlm. 103. ISBN 978-0137035335.
↑  Nelson, Winter, Thomas (1979-01-01). "Roman Concrete: The Ascent, Summit, and Decline of an Art". Faculty Publications, Classics and Religious Studies Department.
↑  "Roman road system". Encyclopaedia Britannica. Encyclopaedia Britannica, Inc. Diakses tanggal 19 Agustus 2017.
↑  Keegan, John (1993). A History of Warfare. New York: Alfred A. Knopf. hlm. 303. ISBN 978-0-394-58801-8.
↑  Peck, Harry Thurston, ed. (1963). "Aquae Ductus". Harper's Dictionary of Classical Literature and Antiquities. New York: Cooper Square Publishers. hlm. 104–106.
↑  Murray, Alexander Stuart; Mitchell, John Malcolm (1911). "Aqueduct".  Dalam Chisholm, Hugh. Encyclopædia Britannica. 2 (edisi ke-11). New York : Encyclopaedia Britannica. hlm. 240–244. Diakses tanggal 31 Oktober 2017.
↑  Roman Aqueducts and Water Supply oleh A.T. Hodge (1992)
↑  Grout, James. "Lead Poisoning and Rome". University of Chicago. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 22 July 2011. Diakses tanggal 22 Juli 2011.
↑  "Ancient Rome". Smarthistory at Khan Academy]. Diakses tanggal 16 April 2013.
↑  Jacob Dorsey Forrest (1906). The development of western civilization: a study in ethical, economic and political evolution. The University of Chicago Press. Diakses tanggal 31 Mei 2012.
↑  William Cunningham (1900). An Essay on Western Civilization in Its Economic Aspects: Mediaeval and modern times. University Press. Diakses tanggal 31 Mei 2012.
↑  Andrew Fleming West, Value of the classics. 1917. hlm. 185
↑  Kuno Fischer (1887). History of modern philosophy. C. Scribner's Sons. hlm. 85–. Diakses tanggal 31 Mei 2012.
↑  Michael Burger (2008). The Shaping of Western Civilization: From Antiquity To the Enlightenment. University of Toronto Press. hlm. 203–. ISBN 978-1-55111-432-3. Diakses tanggal 31 Mei 2012.
↑   Plutarch, Parallel Lives, Life of Marius, XI, 5–7.
↑  The History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire, 12 jilid.
↑  Liukkonen, Petri. "Theodor Mommsen". Books and Writers (kirjasto.sci.fi). Finland: Kuusankoski Public Library. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 24 August 2014.
↑  Baca kutipan dan pencarian teks
↑  Levick, Barbara (1993). Claudius. Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0300058314.
↑  baca edisi daring
↑  Syme, Ronald (2002). The Roman Revolution. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0192803207.
↑  "Dr Adrian Goldsworthy, the historian and author". Adriangoldsworthy.com. Diakses tanggal 12 Maret 2013.