Gender
Catatan kaki

↑  Teks asli dalam bahasa Inggris: "The effectiveness of the medication appears to depend on the sex (not gender) of the patient." dan "In peasant societies, gender (not sex) roles are likely to be more clearly defined."
↑  Teks asli dalam bahasa Inggris: "... automatically determine one's gender demeanor and role (social) as well as one's sexual orientation ...".
↑  Teks asli dalam bahasa Inggris: "... as an analytic category within which humans think about and organize their social activity."
↑  Teks asli dalam bahasa Inggris: "... social and political relations neglected by mainstream accounts."
↑  Teks asli dalam bahasa Ingrris: "the constancy of sex must be admitted, but so also must the variability of gender."
↑  Teks asli dalam bahasa Inggris: "'Sex' refers to the biological and physiological characteristics that define men and women ... 'gender' refers to the socially constructed roles, behaviours, activities, and attributes that a given society considers appropriate for men and women."
↑  Teks asli dalam bahasa Inggris: "perhaps this construct called 'sex' is as culturally constructed as gender; indeed, perhaps it was always already gender, with the consequence that the distinction between sex and gender turns out to be no distinction at all."
↑  Teks asli dalam bahasa Inggris: "It would make no sense, then, to define gender as the cultural interpretation of sex, if sex is itself a gender-centered category. Gender should not be conceived merely as the cultural inscription of meaning based on a given sex (a juridical conception); gender must also designate the very apparatus of production whereby the sexes themselves are established. [...] This production of sex as the pre-discursive should be understood as the effect of the apparatus of cultural construction designated by gender."
↑  Teks asli dalam bahasa Inggris: "bodies only appear, only endure, only live within the productive constraints of certain highly gendered regulatory schemas"
↑  Teks asli dalam bahasa Inggris: "[sex] is no longer as a bodily given on which the construct of gender is artificially imposed, but as a cultural norm which governs the materialization of bodies."
↑  Teks asli dalam bahasa Inggris: "our conceptions of the nature of gender difference shape, even as they reflect, the ways we structure our social system and polity; they also shape and reflect our understanding of our physical bodies."
↑  Teks asli dalam bahasa Inggris: A group of physicians from Saudi Arabia recently reported on several cases of XX intersex children with congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH), a genetically inherited malfunction of the enzymes that aid in making steroid hormones. [...] In the United States and Europe, such children, because they have the potential to bear children later in life, are usually raised as girls. Saudi doctors trained in this European tradition recommended such a course of action to the Saudi parents of CAH XX children. A number of parents, however, refused to accept the recommendation that their child, initially identified as a son, be raised instead as a daughter. Nor would they accept feminizing surgery for their child. [...] This was essentially an expression of local community attitudes with [...] the preference for male offspring.
↑  Teks asli dalam bahasa Inggris: "any situation in which individuals define themselves in relation to others in order to act."
↑  Teks asli dalam bahasa Inggris: "The term 'gender role' appeared in print first in 1955. The term gender identity was used in a press release, November 21, 1966, to announce the new clinic for transsexuals at The Johns Hopkins Hospital. It was disseminated in the media worldwide, and soon entered the vernacular. The definitions of gender and gender identity vary on a doctrinal basis. In popularized and scientifically debased usage, sex is what you are biologically; gender is what you become socially; gender identity is your own sense or conviction of maleness or femaleness; and gender role is the cultural stereotype of what is masculine and feminine. Causality with respect to gender identity disorder is sub-divisible into genetic, prenatal hormonal, postnatal social, and post-pubertal hormonal determinants, but there is, as yet, no comprehensive and detailed theory of causality. Gender coding in the brain is bipolar. In gender identity disorder, there is discordance between the natal sex of one's external genitalia and the brain coding of one's gender as masculine or feminine."