Imunoterapi
Terapi cacing

Cacing cambuk ovum (Trichuris suis) dan cacing tambang (Necator americanus) telah diuji untuk penyakit imunologi dan alergi. Terapi cacing telah diselidiki sebagai pengobatan untuk kambuh remisi multiple sclerosis,  penyakit Crohn, alergi, dan asma. Bagaimana mekanisme cacing memodulasi respon imun, tidak diketahui. Hipotesis mekanisme meliputi re-polarisasi respons Th1/Th2  dan modulasi fungsi sel dendritik. Cacing menurunkan sitokin Th1 pro-inflamasi, interleukin-12 (IL-12), Interferon-Gamma (IFN-γ), dan Tumor Necrosis Factor-Alpha (TNF-ά), juga mempromosikan produksi sitokin Th2 pengatur seperti IL-10, IL-4, IL-5, dan IL-13.
Ko-evolusi dengan cacing telah membentuk beberapa gen yang terkait dengan ekspresi interleukin dan gangguan imunologis, seperti penyakit Crohn, kolitis ulserativa, dan penyakit seliak. Hubungan cacing dengan manusia sebagai inang harus diklasifikasikan sebagai mutualistik atau simbiotik.
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