Genosida Yunani
Catatan kaki

1 2  Jones 2010, hlm. 150–51: ‘By the beginning of the First World War, a majority of the region’s ethnic Greeks still lived in present-day Turkey, mostly in Thrace (the only remaining Ottoman territory in Europe, abutting the Greek border), and along the Aegean and Black Sea coasts.  They would be targeted both prior to and alongside the Armenians of Anatolia and Assyrians of Anatolia and Mesopotamia…  The major populations of “Anatolian Greeks” include those along the Aegean coast and in Cappadocia (central Anatolia), but not the Greeks of the Thrace region west of the Bosphorus…  A “Christian genocide” framing acknowledges the historic claims of Assyrian and Greek peoples, and the movements now stirring for recognition and restitution among Greek and Assyrian diasporas. It also brings to light the quite staggering cumulative death toll among the various Christian groups targeted… of the 1.5 million Greeks of Asia minor – Ionians, Pontians, and Cappadocians – approximately 750,000 were massacred and 750,000 exiled. Pontian deaths alone totaled 353,000.
1 2  Jones 2010, hlm. 166: ‘An estimate of the Pontian Greek death toll at all stages of the anti-Christian genocide is about 350,000; for all the Greeks of the Ottoman realm taken together, the toll surely exceeded half a million, and may approach the 900,000 killed that a team of US researchers found in the early postwar period. Most surviving Greeks were expelled to Greece as part of the tumultuous “population exchanges” that set the seal on a heavily “Turkified” state.’
↑  Hatzidimitriou, Constantine G (2005), American Accounts Documenting the Destruction of Smyrna by the Kemalist Turkish Forces: September 1922, New Rochelle, NY: Caratzas, hlm. 1 .
↑  Jones 2006, hlm. 154–55.
1 2  Howland, Charles P. "Greece and Her Refugees" Diarsipkan 2015-04-07 di Wayback Machine., Foreign Affairs, The Council on Foreign Relations. July, 1926.
1 2  Matthew J. Gibney, Randall Hansen. (2005). Immigration and Asylum: from 1900 to the Present, Volume 3. ABC-CLIO. hlm. 377. ISBN 1-57607-796-9. The total number of Christians who fled to Greece was probably in the region of I.2 million with the main wave occurring in 1922 before the signing of the convention. According to the official records of the Mixed Commission set up to monitor the movements, the "Greeks' who were transferred after 1923 numbered 189,916 and the number of Muslims expelled to Turkey was 355,635 [Ladas I932, 438-439; but using the same source Eddy 1931, 201 states that the post-1923 exchange involved 192,356 Greeks from Turkey and 354,647 Muslims from Greece.
↑  Jones 2010, hlm. 171–2: ‘A resolution was placed before the IAGS membership to recognize the Greek and Assyrian/Chaldean components of the Ottoman genocide against Christians, alongside the Armenian strand of the genocide (which the IAGS has already formally acknowledged). The result, passed emphatically in December 2007 despite not inconsiderable opposition, was a resolution which I co-drafted, reading as follows:...’
↑  IAGS Resolution on Genocides committed by the Ottoman Empire retrieved via the Internet Archive (PDF), International Association of Genocide Scholars, diarsipkan dari versi asli (PDF) tanggal 2008-04-28, diakses tanggal 2013-05-19
↑  "Genocide Resolution approved by Swedish Parliament", News (full text), AM, diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2019-04-16, diakses tanggal 2013-05-19 , containing both the IAGS and the Swedish resolutions.
↑  Gaunt, David. Massacres, Resistance, Protectors: Muslim-Christian Relations in Eastern Anatolia during World War I. Piscataway, NJ: Gorgias Press, 2006.
↑  Schaller, Dominik J; Zimmerer, Jürgen (2008). "Late Ottoman genocides: the dissolution of the Ottoman Empire and Young Turkish population and extermination policies – introduction". Journal of Genocide Research. 10 (1): 7–14. doi:10.1080/14623520801950820.
↑  "Resolution on genocides committed by the Ottoman empire" (PDF). International Association of Genocide Scholars. [pranala nonaktif permanen]
↑  Gaunt, David (2006), Massacres, Resistance, Protectors: Muslim-Christian Relations in Eastern Anatolia during World War I, Piscataway, NJ: Gorgias
↑  Schaller, Dominik J; Zimmerer, Jürgen (2008). "Late Ottoman genocides: the dissolution of the Ottoman Empire and Young Turkish population and extermination policies – introduction". Journal of Genocide Research. 10 (1): 7–14. doi:10.1080/14623520801950820.
↑  IAGS officially recognizes Assyrian, Greek genocides (PDF), International Association of Genocide Scholars, diarsipkan dari versi asli (PDF) tanggal 2008-02-27, diakses tanggal 2013-05-19 .
↑  "German Bundestag recognizes the Armenian Genocide". Public Radio of Armenia (dalam bahasa Inggris). 2016-06-02. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2018-10-05. Diakses tanggal 2017-02-23.
↑  "Bundestag calls Turkish crimes against Armenians genocide -  - on B92.net". B92.net (dalam bahasa Inggris). Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2017-08-20. Diakses tanggal 2017-02-23.
↑  Dawkins, R. M. Modern Greek in Asia Minor. A study of dialect of Silly, Cappadocia and Pharasa. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 1916 (online version)
↑  Hobsbawm, EJ (1992). Nations and nationalism since 1780 programme, myth, reality. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. hlm. 133. ISBN 0-521-43961-2.
1 2 3 4  Travis 2009, hlm. 637.
↑  David Noel Freedman; Allen C. Myers; Astrid Biles Beck (2000). Eerdmans Dictionary of the Bible. Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing. hlm. 61. ISBN 978-0-8028-2400-4. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2023-07-31. Diakses tanggal 24 March 2013.
↑  Theo van den Hout (27 October 2011). The Elements of Hittite. Cambridge University Press. hlm. 1. ISBN 978-1-139-50178-1. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2023-02-11. Diakses tanggal 24 March 2013.
↑  Swain, Simon; Adams, J. Maxwell; Janse, Mark (2002). Bilingualism in Ancient Society: Language Contact and the Written Word. Oxford [Oxfordshire]: Oxford University Press. hlm. 246–266. ISBN 0-19-924506-1.
↑  Bloxham 2005, hlm. 150.
↑  Levene 1998.
↑  Ferguson 2006, hlm. 180.
↑  Akçam 2012, hlm. 65.
↑  Akçam 2012, hlm. 65-7.
↑  Sofos, Spyros A.; Özkirimli, Umut (2008). Tormented by History: Nationalism in Greece and Turkey. C Hurst & Co Publishers Ltd. hlm. 116–117. ISBN 1-85065-899-4.
↑  Akçam 2012, hlm. 68-9.
↑  Akçam 2012, hlm. 69.
↑  Akçam 2012, hlm. 71.
↑  Bjornlund, Matthias (2013). "The 1914 Cleansing of Aegean Greeks as a Case of Violent Turkification". Late Ottoman Genocides: The Dissolution of the Ottoman Empire and Young Turkish Population and Extermination Policies. Routledge. ISBN 9781317990451. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2023-07-31. Diakses tanggal 10 June 2014.
1 2  Akçam 2012, hlm. 80-2.
↑  Akçam 2012, hlm. 84-5.
↑  Hull 2005, hlm. 273.
↑  King 1922, hlm. 437.
↑  Vryonis, Speros (2000). The Great Catastrophes: Asia Minor/Smyrna--September 1922; Constantinople-September 6-7, 1955. Order of Saint Andrew the Apostle. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2023-07-31. Diakses tanggal 2015-04-26.
↑  Akçam 2012, hlm. 94-6.
↑  Akçam 2012, hlm. 97.
↑  Akçam 2012, hlm. 99-100.
↑  Akçam 2012, hlm. 100-1.
↑  Akçam 2012, hlm. 102-4.
↑  Avedian 2009, hlm. 40.
1 2 3  Rendel 1922.
↑  Morgenthau 1919.
↑  Akçam 2012, hlm. 105-6.
↑  Akçam 2012, hlm. 109-10.
↑  Akçam 2012, hlm. 111.
↑  Akçam 2012, hlm. 111-2.
↑  Akçam 2012, hlm. 112.
↑  Akçam 2012, hlm. 113.
↑  Akçam 2012, hlm. 113-6.
↑  Akçam 2012, hlm. 116-9.
↑  Pentzopoulos, Dimitri (2002). The Balkan exchange of minorities and its impact on Greece. C Hurst & Co. hlm. 29–30. ISBN 978-1-85065-702-6. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2023-07-31. Diakses tanggal 2013-05-22.
↑  Avedian 2009, hlm. 47.
↑  Midlarsky, Manus I (2005). The Killing Trap: Genocide in the Twentieth Century. Cambridge University Press. hlm. 342–43. ISBN 978‐0‐521‐81545‐1 Periksa nilai: invalid character |isbn= (bantuan). Many (Greeks), however, were massacred by the Turks, especially at Smyrna (today’s Izmir) as the Greek army withdrew at the end of their headlong retreat from central Anatolia at the end of the Greco-Turkish War. Especially poorly treated were the Pontic Greeks in eastern Anatolia on the Black Sea. In 1920, as the Greek army advanced, many were deported to the Mesopotamian desert as had been the Armenians before them. Nevertheless, approximately 1,200,000 Ottoman Greek refugees arrived in Greece at the end of the war. When one adds to the total the Greeks of Constantinople who, by agreement, were not forced to flee, then the total number comes closer to the 1,500,000 Greeks in Anatolia and Thrace. Here, a strong distinction between intention and action is found. According to the Austrian consul at Amisos, Kwiatkowski, in his November 30, 1916, report to foreign minister Baron Burian: “on 26 November Rafet Bey told me: ‘we must finish off the Greeks as we did with the Armenians…’ on 28 November Rafet Bey told me: ‘today I sent squads to the interior to kill every Greek on sight.’ I fear for the elimination of the entire Greek population and a repeat of what occurred last year, Or according to a January 31, 1917, report by Chancellor Hollweg of Austria: the indications are that the Turks plan to eliminate the Greek element as enemies of the state, as they did earlier with the Armenians. The strategy implemented by the Turks is of displacing people to the interior without taking measures for their survival by exposing them to death, hunger, and illness.  The abandoned homes are then looted and burnt or destroyed. Whatever was done to the Armenians is being repeated with the Greeks. Massacres most likely did take place at Amisos and other villages in Pontus.  Yet given the large number of surviving Greeks, especially relative to the small number of Armenian survivors, the massacres apparently were restricted to Pontus, Smyrna, and selected other ‘sensitive’ regions.
↑  Osmanli Belgelerinde Ermeniler, Documents 236–40, TR: Devletarsivleri, hlm. 207–11, diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2013-05-06, diakses tanggal 2013-05-22 .
↑  Akçam, Taner (1996). Armenien und der Völkermord: Die Istanbuler Prozesse und die Türkische Nationalbewegung. Hamburg: Hamburger Edition. hlm. 185.
↑  Toynbee, p. 270.
↑  Rummel (Chapter 5)
1 2  Taner Akcam, A Shameful Act, p. 322
1 2  Freely, John. The western shores of Turkey: discovering the Aegean and Mediterranean coasts. Tauris Parke Paperbacks, 2004. p. 103  Diarsipkan 2023-07-31 di Wayback Machine.
1 2  Rudolph J. Rummel, Irving Louis Horowitz (1994). "Turkey's Genocidal Purges". Death by Government. Transaction Publishers. ISBN 1-56000-927-6. , p. 233
↑  Naimark, Norman (2002). Fires of hatred: Ethnic cleansing in 20th century Europe. Harvard University Press. hlm. 249. ISBN 978-0-674-00994-3. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2023-07-31. Diakses tanggal 3 June 2011.
1 2 3  Rendel, GW (20 March 1922), Turkish Massacres and Persecutions of Minorities since the Armistice (memorandum), Foreign Office
↑  Rummel 1998, hlm. Chapter 5.
↑  Toynbee (1922), pp. 312–313.
↑  Nikolaos Hlamides, ‘‘The Greek Relief Committee: America’s Response to the Greek Genocide,’’ Genocide Studies and Prevention 3, 3 (December 2008): 375–383.
1 2  "Australian Institute for Holocaust and Genocide Studies: the genocide and its aftermath". Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2016-03-13. Diakses tanggal 2015-04-26.
1 2  Halo pp. 26, 27, & 28
↑  The New York Times Diarsipkan 2012-11-10 di Wayback Machine. Advanced search engine for article and headline archives (subscription necessary for viewing article content).
↑  Alexander Westwood and Darren O'Brien, Selected bylines and letters from The New York Times Diarsipkan 2007-06-07 di Wayback Machine., The Australian Institute for Holocaust and Genocide Studies Diarsipkan 2020-08-06 di Wayback Machine., 2006
↑  Our Company, Awards Diarsipkan 2008-08-20 di Wayback Machine., New York Times. See also Pulitzer Prizes awarded to the New York Times' staff.
↑  Kateb, Vahe Georges (2003). Australian Press Coverage of the Armenian Genocide 1915–1923 Diarsipkan 2007-07-10 di Wayback Machine., University of Wollongong, Graduate School of Journalism
↑  "Morgenthau Calls for Check on Turks", The New York Times, hlm. 3, 5 September 1922
↑  Morgenthau 1918, hlm. 201.
↑  Horton [halaman dibutuhkan]
↑  Marketos, James L (2006). "George Horton: An American Witness in Smyrna" (PDF). AHI World. Diarsipkan (PDF) dari versi asli tanggal 2011-07-09. Diakses tanggal 2009-11-03.
↑  Naimark, Norman M. Fires of hatred: ethnic cleansing in twentieth-century Europe (2002), Harvard University Press, pp. 47–52.
↑  Rummel, R.J. "Statistics Of Turkey's Democide Estimates, Calculations, And Sources". University of Hawai'i. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2017-02-27. Diakses tanggal 15 April 2015.  Table 5.1B Diarsipkan 2016-05-16 di Wayback Machine..
↑  Jones 2010, hlm. 150.
↑  United Nations document E/CN.4/1998/NGO/24 Diarsipkan 2016-01-18 di Wayback Machine. (p. 3) acknowledging receipt of a letter by the "International League for the Rights and Liberation of Peoples" titled "A people in continued exodus" (i.e., Pontian Greeks) and putting the letter into internal circulation (dated 1998-02-24)
If above link doesn't work, search United Nations documents Diarsipkan 2010-02-08 di Wayback Machine. for "A people in continued exodus"
↑  Peterson [halaman dibutuhkan]
↑  Valavanis, p. 24.
↑  Hatzidimitriou, Constantine G., American Accounts Documenting the Destruction of Smyrna by the Kemalist Turkish Forces: September 1922, New Rochelle, NY: Caratzas, 2005, p. 2.
↑  Bierstadt [halaman dibutuhkan]
↑  "Turks Proclaim Banishment Edict to 1,000,000 Greeks", The New York Times, 2 December 1922, p. 1.
↑  Jones 2010, hlm. 155.
↑  "Treaty of Sevres". Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2017-11-12. Diakses tanggal 2015-04-26.
↑  Bassiouni, pp. 62–63 Diarsipkan 2023-07-31 di Wayback Machine.
↑  Geniki Statistiki Ypiresia tis Ellados (Statistical Annual of Greece), Statistia apotelesmata tis apografis sou plithysmou tis Ellados tis 15–16 Maiou 1928, pg.41. Athens: National Printing Office, 1930. Quoted in Kontogiorgi, Elisabeth (2006-08-17). Population Exchange in Greek Macedonia: The Forced Settlement of Refugees 1922–1930. Oxford University Press. hlm. 96, footnote 56. ISBN 978-0-19-927896-1.
↑  "Alfred de Zayas publication about the Istanbul Pogrom" http://projusticia.net/document/istambul_pogrom1.pdf Diarsipkan 2020-09-15 di Wayback Machine.
↑  International Association of Genocide Scholars Officially Recognizes Assyrian, Greek Genocides (PDF), IAGS, 2007-12-16 [pranala nonaktif permanen].
↑  Greek Genocide 1914–23 Resolution (press release), IAGS, 16 December 2007, diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2015-04-25, diakses tanggal 2015-04-26 .
↑  "International Genocide Scholars Association Officially Recognizes Assyrian, Greek Genocides". Assyrian International News Agency. 2007-12-15. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2018-09-28. Diakses tanggal 2015-04-26. In a groundbreaking move, the International Association of Genocide Scholars (IAGS) has voted overwhelmingly to recognize the genocides inflicted on Assyrian and Greek populations of the Ottoman Empire between 1914 and 1923. and: "The overwhelming backing given to this resolution by the world's leading genocide scholars organization will help to raise consciousness about the Assyrian and Greek genocides," Jones said on December 15. "It will also act as a powerful counter to those, especially in present-day Turkey, who still ignore or deny outright the genocides of the Ottoman Christian minorities".
↑  "*Press Release* GENOCIDE SCHOLARS ASSOCIATION OFFICIALLY RECOGNIZES ASSYRIAN, GREEK GENOCIDES" (PDF). International Association of Genocide Scholars (IAGS). 16 December 2007. Diarsipkan dari versi asli (PDF) tanggal 2012-01-18. Diakses tanggal 2015-04-26. The International Association of Genocide Scholars (IAGS) has voted overwhelmingly to recognize the genocides inflicted on Assyrian and Greek populations of the Ottoman Empire between 1914 and 1923. and: "The overwhelming backing given to this resolution by the world's leading genocide scholars organization will help to raise consciousness about the Assyrian and Greek genocides," Jones said on December 10. "It will also act as a powerful counter to those, especially in present-day Turkey, who still ignore or deny the genocides of the Ottoman Christian minorities".
↑  Erik Sjöberg, Battlefields of Memory: The Macedonian Conflict and Greek Historical Culture, Umeå Studies in History and Education 6 (Umeå University|series, 2011), p. 170)
↑  Mazower, Mark (2011). "The G-Word". LRB. 23 (3). Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2018-10-04. Diakses tanggal 1 May 2011.
↑  Manus I. Midlarsky, The Killing Trap: Genocide in the Twentieth Century (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2005) pp. 342-3
↑  Akçam 2012, hlm. 123.
↑  Ferguson 2006, hlm. 182.
↑  Schaller, Dominik J.; Zimmerer, Jurgen, "Late Ottoman genocides: the dissolution of the Ottoman Empire and Young Turkish population and extermination policies", Journal of Genocide Research, Volume 10, Issue 1, March 2008, pp. 7–14.
↑  Fisk, Robert (13 February 2001). "Athens and Ankara at odds over genocide". The Independent. London. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2008-07-01. Diakses tanggal 4 May 2010.
↑  College of Charleston Diarsipkan 2009-06-27 di Wayback Machine., New Carolina, Managing Diversity Syllabus, Migration Patterns. Retrieved on 2007-02-04.
↑  "Before the Silence,The Armenian and Greek Genocides". Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2010-08-19. Diakses tanggal 2015-04-26.
↑  "The Australian Institute for Holocaust and Genocide Studies". Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2016-03-04. Diakses tanggal 2015-04-26.
↑  Κωστόπουλος 2007, hlm. 266-7.
↑  Government Gazette of the Hellenic Republic (2645/98, 2193/94)  Tidak memiliki atau tanpa |title= (bantuan).
↑  Tsibiridou, Fotini (2009). "Writing about Turks and Powerful Others: Journalistic Heteroglossia in Western Thrace".  Dalam Theodossopoulos, Dimitrios. When Greeks Think About Turks: The View from Anthropology. Routledge. hlm. 134.
↑  Karabelias, George (2010), Καταστροφή ή Γενοκτονία, Άρδην [Arden] (dalam bahasa Greek) (38–39), diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2018-10-01, diakses tanggal 2015-04-26, Και εάν η Κυβέρνηση για λόγους πολιτικής σκοπιμότητας θα αποσύρει το Π.Δ., η Αριστερά θα αναλάβει, όπως πάντα, να προσφέρει τα ιδεολογικά όπλα του πολέμου. Ο Άγγελος Ελεφάντης θα γράψει στο ίδιο τεύχος των Νέων πως δεν υπάρχει κανένας λόγος να αναγορεύσομε την 14 Σεπτεμβρίου του 1922 ούτε καν σε ημέρα εθνικής μνήμης.  [And while the Government for the sake of political expediency withdraws the Presidential Decree, the Left undertakes, as always, to offer the ideological weapons for this war. Angelos Elefantis writes in the same page of the NEA newspaper (Feb. 24, 2001) that there is no reason to proclaim the 14th of September of 1922 not even to a day of national memory.]  Parameter |trans_title= yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (bantuan)Pemeliharaan CS1: Bahasa yang tidak diketahui (link)
↑  Turkey Denounces Greek 'Genocide' Resolution, Office of the Prime Minister, Directorate General of Press and Information, 1998-09-30, diakses tanggal 2007-02-05 [pranala nonaktif permanen].
↑  Pontic Genocide, Responsible is the imperialistic opportunism, 20 May 2009 Diarsipkan 2019-12-16 di Wayback Machine..
↑  Day in Memory of the Pontic Greeks Genocide. The poor in the center of powerful confrontations. 20 May 2010 Diarsipkan 2019-12-16 di Wayback Machine..
↑  ""The Peoples must remember". Day in Memory for the Pontic Greeks Genocide. 20 May 2008". Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2019-12-16. Diakses tanggal 2015-04-26.
↑  Cyprus Press Office, New York City
↑  "Motion 2008/09:U332 Genocide of Armenians, Assyrians/Syriacs/Chaldeans and Pontiac Greeks in 1915". Stockholm: Riksdag. 11 March 2010. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2011-07-09. Diakses tanggal 12 March 2010.
↑  "Fred Nile: Genocide motion not against modern State of Turkey - PanARMENIAN.Net". Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2019-02-19. Diakses tanggal 2015-04-27.
↑  "Adoption of declaration to certify Armenia recognizes Greek and Assyrian genocides: Eduard Sharmanazov". Armenpress. 23 March 2015. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2015-03-26. Diakses tanggal 2015-04-27.
↑  "Dutch Parliament Recognizes Greek, Assyrian and Armenian Genocide". Greek Reporter. 11 April 2015. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2019-04-01. Diakses tanggal 2015-04-27.
↑  Fotiadis 2004.
↑  Colin Martin Tatz (2003). With Intent to Destroy: Reflections on Genocide. Verso. hlm. 13. ISBN 978-1-85984-550-9. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2023-07-31. Diakses tanggal 8 June 2013. Turkey, still struggling to achieve its ninety-five-year-old dream of becoming the beacon of democracy in the Near East, does everything possible to deny its genocide of the Armenians, Assyrians and Pontian Greeks.
↑  Coleman, Elizabeth Burns; White, Kevin, Negotiating the Sacred: Blasphemy and Sacrilege in a Multicultural Society (PDF), hlm. 82–83, ISBN 1920942475, diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2023-07-31, diakses tanggal 2015-04-29 .
↑  "Memorials", The Greek Genocide 1914–23, diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2012-05-25, diakses tanggal 2008-09-18 .