Kekaisaran Romawi Timur
Catatan kaki

↑  https://archive.org/details/historyofbyzanti00greg
↑  https://archive.org/details/byzantiumearlyce00norw
↑  https://archive.org/details/byzantiumthesurp0000herr
↑  https://archive.org/details/historyofbyzanti00ostr
↑  https://archive.org/details/historyofbyzanti0000trea
↑  Fox, What, If Anything, Is a Byzantine?
↑  University of Chile: Center of Byzantine and Neohellenic Studies 1971, hlm. 69.
↑  Fossier & Sondheimer 1997, hlm. 104.
↑  "Nation and Liberty: the Byzantine Example". Dio.sagepub.com. doi:10.1177/039219218303112403. Diakses tanggal 2010-08-07.
↑  Theodore the Studite. Epistulae, 145, Line 19 ("ή ταπεινή Γραικία") and 458, Line 28 ("έν Αρμενία καί Γραικία").
↑  Cinnamus 1976, hlm. 240.
↑  Ahrweiler & Laiou 1998, hlm. 3; Mango 2002, hlm. 13.
↑  Gabriel 2002, hlm. 277.
↑  Millar 2006, hlm. 2, 15; Ahrweiler & Laiou 1998, hlm. vii; Davies 1996, hlm. 245; Moravcsik 1970, hlm. 11–12; Ostrogorsky 1969, hlm. 28, 146; Lapidge, Blair & Keynes 1998, hlm. 79; Winnifrith & Murray 1983, hlm. 113; Gross 1999, hlm. 45; Hidryma Meletōn Chersonēsou tou Haimou 1973, hlm. 331.
↑  Fouracre & Gerberding 1996, hlm. 345: "The Frankish court no longer regarded the Byzantine Empire as holding valid claims to universality; instead it was now termed the 'Empire of the Greeks'."
1 2 3 4  "Hellas, Byzantium". Encyclopaedia The Helios.
↑  Tarasov 2004, hlm. 121.
↑  El-Cheikh 2004, hlm. 22.
↑  Davis 1990, hal. 260.
↑  Wells 1922, Chapter 33.
↑  Bury 1923, hal. 1
↑  Gibbon (1906), Part II Chapter 14: 200.
↑  Gibbon 1906, III,  168 PDF (2.35 MB).
↑  Esler 2004, hlm. 1081.
↑  Eusebius, IV, lxii.
↑  Bury 1923, hal. 63.
1 2 3 4 5  "Byzantine Empire". Encyclopædia Britannica.
↑  Nathan, Theodosius II (408–450 AD).
↑  Treadgold 1995, hlm. 193.
↑  Alemany 2000, hlm. 207; Treadgold 1997, hlm. 184.
↑  Grierson 1999, hlm. 17.
↑  Postan, Miller & Postan 1987, hlm. 140.
↑  "Byzantine Empire". Encyclopædia Britannica. ; Evans, Justinian (AD 527–565).
1 2 3  Evans, Justinian (AD 527–565).
↑  Gregory 2010, 2E, hal. 145.
↑  Bury 1923, 180–216.
↑  Bury 1923, 236–258.
↑  Bury 1923, 259–281.
↑  Bury 1923, 286–288.
↑  Vasiliev, The Legislative Work of Justinian and Tribonian.
↑  Bray 2004, hlm. 19–47; Haldon 1990, hlm. 110–111; Treadgold 1997, hlm. 196–197.
↑  Foss 1975, hlm. 722.
↑  Haldon 1990, hlm. 41; Speck 1984, hlm. 178.
↑  Haldon 1990, hlm. 42–43.
↑  Grabar 1984, hlm. 37; Cameron 1979, hlm. 23.
↑  Haldon 1990, hlm. 46; Baynes 1912, passim; Speck 1984, hlm. 178.
↑  Foss 1975, hlm. 746–747.
↑  Haldon 1990, hlm. 50.
↑  Haldon 1990, hlm. 61–62.
↑  Haldon 1990, hlm. 102–114.
↑  Wickham 2009, hlm. 260.
↑  Haldon 1990, hlm. 43–45, 66, 114–115.
↑  Haldon 1990, hlm. 66–67.
↑  Haldon 1990, hlm. 71.
↑  Haldon 1990, hlm. 70–78, 169–171; Haldon 2004, hlm. 216–217; Kountoura-Galake 1996, hlm. 62–75.
↑  Cameron 2009, hlm. 67–68.
↑  "Byzantine Empire". Encyclopædia Britannica. ; "Hellas, Byzantium". Encyclopaedia The Helios.
↑  Treadgold 1997, hlm. 432–433.
↑  Parry 1996, hlm. 11–15.
↑  Cameron 2009, hlm. 267.
↑  Browning 1992, hlm. 96.
↑  Karlin-Heyer 1967, hlm. 24.
↑  Browning 1992, hlm. 101.
↑  Browning 1992, hlm. 113.
1 2 3 4 5  Norwich 1998.
↑  Angold 1997.
↑  Treadgold 1997, hlm. 548–549.
1 2  Markham, The Battle of Manzikert Diarsipkan 2007-05-13 di Wayback Machine..
↑  Vasiliev, Relations with Italy and Western Europe.
↑  Ferdo Šišić. Povijest Hrvata u vrijeme narodnih vladara. Zagreb, 1925, ISBN 86-401-0080-2
↑  "Byzantine Empire". Encyclopædia Britannica. 2002. ; Markham, The Battle of Manzikert Diarsipkan 2007-05-13 di Wayback Machine..
↑  Magdalino 2002, hlm. 124.
↑  Birkenmeier 2002.
↑  Harris 2003; Read 2000, hlm. 124; Watson 1993, hlm. 12.
↑  Komnene 1928, X, 261.
↑  Anna Komnene. Alexiad, XI, 291.
↑  Anna Komnene. Alexiad, XIII, 348–358; Birkenmeier 2002, hlm. 46.
↑  Norwich 1998, hlm. 267.
↑  Ostrogorsky 1969, hlm. 377.
↑  Birkenmeier 2002, hlm. 90.
↑  Stone, Ioannes II Komnenos.
↑  "John II Komnenos". Encyclopædia Britannica. .
↑  Harris 2003, hlm. 84.
↑  Brooke 2008, hlm. 326.
↑  Magdalino 2002, hlm. 74; Stone, Manouel I Comnenus.
↑  Sedlar 1994, hlm. 372.
↑  Magdalino 2002, hlm. 67.
↑  Birkenmeier 2002, hlm. 128.
↑  Birkenmeier 2002, hlm. 196.
↑  Birkenmeier 2002, hlm. 185–186.
↑  Birkenmeier 2002, hlm. 1.
↑  Day 1977, hlm. 289–290; Harvey 2003.
↑  Diehl, Byzantine Art
↑  Tatakes & Moutafakis 2003, hlm. 110.
↑  Norwich 1998, hlm. 291.
1 2  Norwich 1998, hlm. 292.
1 2  Ostrogorsky 1969, hlm. 397.
↑  Harris 2003, hlm. 118.
↑  Norwich 1998, hlm. 293.
↑  Norwich 1998, hlm. 294–295.
↑  Angold 1997; Paparrigopoulos & Karolidis 1925, hlm. 216
↑  Vasiliev, Foreign Policy of the Angeloi.
↑  Norwich 1998, hlm. 299.
↑  Britannica Concise, 9383275/Siege-of-Zara Siege of Zara[pranala nonaktif permanen].
↑  Geoffrey of Villehardouin 1963, hlm. 46.
1 2 3  "The Fourth Crusade and the Latin Empire of Constantinople". Encyclopædia Britannica. .
↑  Norwich 1998, hlm. 301.
↑  Choniates, The Sack of Constantinople.
↑  Kean 2006; Madden 2005, hlm. 162; Lowe-Baker, The Seljuks of Rum.
↑  Lowe-Baker, The Seljuks of Rum.
↑  Madden 2005, hlm. 179; Reinert 2002, hlm. 260.
↑  Reinert 2002, hlm. 257.
↑  Reinert 2002, hlm. 261.
↑  Reinert 2002, hlm. 268.
↑  Reinert 2002, hlm. 270.
↑  Runciman 1990, hlm. 71–72.
↑  Runciman 1990, hlm. 84–85.
↑  Runciman 1990, hlm. 84–86.
↑  Hindley 2004, hlm. 300.
↑  Seton-Watson 1967, hlm. 31.
↑  Magdalino 2002, hlm. 532, .
↑  Matschke 2002, hlm. 805–806, .
↑  Laiou 2002, hlm. 723, .
↑  Laiou 2002, hlm. 3–4, .
↑  Louth 2005, hlm. 291; Neville 2004, hlm. 7.
↑  Neville 2004, hlm. 34.
↑  Neville 2004, hlm. 13.
1 2  Neumann 2006, hlm. 869–871.
↑  Chrysos 1992, hlm. 35.
1 2  Antonucci 1993, hlm. 11–13.
↑  Seeck 1876, hlm. 31–33.
↑  Bury & Philotheus 1911, hlm. 93.
↑  Dennis 1985, Anonymous, Byzantine Military Treatise on Strategy, para. 43, hal. 125.
↑  Obolensky 1994, hlm. 3.
↑  Anastos 1962, hlm. 409.
↑  Cohen 1994, hlm. 395; Dickson, Mathematics Through the Middle Ages Diarsipkan 2008-05-13 di Wayback Machine..
↑  King 1991, hlm. 116–118.
↑  Robins 1993, hlm. 8.
↑  Tatakes & Moutafakis 2003, hlm. 189.
↑  Troianos & Velissaropoulou-Karakosta 1997, hlm. 340.
↑  Apostolides 1992, hlm. 25–26; Wroth 1908, Introduction, Section 6.
↑  Sedlar 1994, hlm. 403–440.
↑  Millar 2006, hlm. 279.
↑  Bryce 1901, hlm. 59; McDonnell 2006, hlm. 77; Millar 2006, hlm. 97–98.
↑  Beaton 1996, hlm. 10; Jones 1986, hlm. 991; Versteegh 1977, Chapter 1.
↑  Campbell 2000, hlm. 40; Hacikyan et al. 2002, Part 1.
↑  Baynes 1907, hlm. 289; Gutas 1998, Chapter 7, Section 4; Shopen 1987, hlm. 129.
↑  Beckwith 1986, hlm. 171; Halsall 2006.
↑  Kaldellis 2008, Chapter 6; Nicol 1993, Chapter 5.
↑  "Byzantine Art". Encyclopædia Britannica. .
↑  Mango 2005, hlm. 233–234.
↑  "Byzantine Literature". Catholic Encyclopedia.
↑  Meyendorff 1982, hlm. 13.
↑  Meyendorff 1982, hlm. 19.
↑ Pirenne, Henri:
Medieval Cities: Their Origins and the Revival of Trade. Princeton, New Jersey: 1925, ISBN 0-691-00760-8.
Mohammed and Charlemagne. (London: George Allen & Unwin Ltd., 1954) Courier Dover Publications, 2001, ISBN 0-486-42011-6.
↑  Angelov 2001, hlm. 1.
1 2  Angelov 2001, hlm. 7–8.