Perpustakaan Aleksandria
Rujukan

1 2  Garland 2008, hlm. 61.
1 2 3 4  Tracy 2000, hlm. 343–344.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10  Phillips 2010.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8  MacLeod 2000, hlm. 3.
1 2 3 4  Casson 2001, hlm. 35.
1 2  Wiegand & Davis 2015, hlm. 20.
1 2 3  Garland 2008, hlm. 60.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17  Haughton 2011.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12  MacLeod 2000, hlm. 5.
↑  MacLeod 2000, hlm. 1–2, 10–11.
↑  MacLeod 2000, hlm. 13.
1 2 3  MacLeod 2000, hlm. 11.
1 2 3 4 5  MacLeod 2000, hlm. 2.
↑  MacLeod 2000, hlm. 1.
1 2  MacLeod 2000, hlm. 1–2.
1 2  MacLeod 2000, hlm. 2–3.
1 2 3  Fox 1986, hlm. 341.
↑  Fox 1986, hlm. 340.
↑  Fox 1986, hlm. 340–341.
1 2  Lindberg 1980, hlm. 5.
1 2 3 4  Tracy 2000, hlm. 343.
↑  Tracy 2000, hlm. 344–345.
1 2  Wiegand & Davis 2015, hlm. 19.
↑  Lyons 2011, hlm. 26.
↑  Manguel 2008, hlm. 26.
↑  Barnes 2000, hlm. 62.
1 2 3 4 5  Casson 2001, hlm. 34.
↑  Erksine 1995, hlm. 38-48.
↑  MacLeod 2000, hlm. 4–5.
1 2  Casson 2001, hlm. 36.
↑  Casson 2001, hlm. 33–34.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9  MacLeod 2000, hlm. 4.
↑  MacLeod 2000, hlm. 3–4.
1 2 3 4  Staikos 2000, hlm. 66.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20  Dickey 2007, hlm. 5.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7  Casson 2001, hlm. 37.
1 2 3  Casson 2001, hlm. 39–40.
1 2 3  Casson 2001, hlm. 40.
1 2 3  Montana 2015, hlm. 109.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8  MacLeod 2000, hlm. 6.
1 2 3  Montana 2015, hlm. 110.
↑  Montana 2015, hlm. 109–110.
↑  Montana 2015, hlm. 114.
1 2 3  Montana 2015, hlm. 115.
1 2  Montana 2015, hlm. 116.
1 2  Casson 2001, hlm. 41.
↑  Montana 2015, hlm. 116–117.
1 2 3 4 5 6  Montana 2015, hlm. 117.
↑  MacLeod 2000, hlm. 6–7.
1 2 3 4 5 6  MacLeod 2000, hlm. 7.
1 2  McKeown 2013, hlm. 147–148.
↑  Trumble & MacIntyre Marshall 2003.
1 2 3 4 5  Casson 2001, hlm. 38.
↑  McKeown 2013, hlm. 148–149.
1 2 3 4  McKeown 2013, hlm. 149.
1 2  Montana 2015, hlm. 118.
↑  MacLeod 2000, hlm. 7–8.
↑  Dickey 2007, hlm. 5, 93.
↑  Dickey 2007, hlm. 5, 92–93.
↑  Dickey 2007, hlm. 93.
1 2  Montana 2015, hlm. 129.
1 2 3 4 5 6  Meyboom 1995, hlm. 173.
1 2  Casson 2001, hlm. 43.
1 2  Montana 2015, hlm. 130.
1 2  Dickey 2007, hlm. 5–6.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8  Dickey 2007, hlm. 6.
1 2 3 4  Casson 2001, hlm. 45.
↑  Meyboom 1995, hlm. 373.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12  Casson 2001, hlm. 47.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13  Watts 2008, hlm. 149.
1 2 3 4  Fox 1986, hlm. 351.
↑  McKeown 2013, hlm. 150.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9  Casson 2001, hlm. 46.
↑  Cherf 2008, hlm. 70.
1 2  Tocatlian 1991, hlm. 256.
1 2 3 4  Dickey 2007, hlm. 7.
↑  McKeown 2013, hlm. 149–150.
↑  Casson 2001, hlm. 46–47.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7  MacLeod 2000, hlm. 9.
1 2  Watts 2008, hlm. 148.
↑  Watts 2008, hlm. 149–150.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10  Watts 2008, hlm. 150.
↑  Watts 2017, hlm. 60.
↑  Watts 2008, hlm. 150–151.
↑  Watts 2008, hlm. 150, 189.
1 2 3 4  Watts 2008, hlm. 189.
↑  Watts 2008, hlm. 189–190.
1 2 3 4 5 6  Watts 2008, hlm. 190.
1 2 3  Watts 2008, hlm. 191.
1 2  Theodore 2016, hlm. 182–183.
↑  El-Abbadi 1990, hlm. 159, 160.
1 2  Watts 2008, hlm. 191–192.
1 2 3 4  Watts 2008, hlm. 192.
↑  Oakes 2007, hlm. 364.
1 2  Watts 2008, hlm. 196.
1 2  Watts 2008, hlm. 195–196.
1 2 3  Novak 2010, hlm. 240.
↑  Cameron, Long & Sherry 1993, hlm. 58–61.
↑  Cameron, Long & Sherry 1993, hlm. 59.
↑  Cameron, Long & Sherry 1993, hlm. 59–61.
↑  Watts 2017, hlm. 117.
1 2  Booth 2017, hlm. 151–152.
1 2  Watts 2017, hlm. 154–155.
↑  Booth 2017, hlm. 151.
1 2  Becht-Jördens 2019, hlm. 397-398.
↑  Abd-Allatif 1810, hlm. 183.
↑  Samir 2003.
↑  Trumble & MacIntyre Marshall 2003, hlm. 51. "Today most scholars have discredited the story of the destruction of the Library by the Muslims."
↑  MacLeod 2000, hlm. 71. "The story first appears 500 years after the Arab conquest of Alexandria. John the Grammarian appears to be John Philoponus, who must have been dead by the time of the conquest. It seems, as shown above, that both of the Alexandrian libraries were destroyed by the end of the fourth century, and there is no mention of any library surviving at Alexandria in the Christian literature of the centuries following that date. It is also suspicious that Omar is recorded to have made the same remark about books found by the Arab during their conquest of Iran."
1 2  Bagnall 2002, hlm. 358-359.
↑  Murray 2009, hlm. 14.
↑  Zdiarsky 2011, hlm. 169.
↑  Orru 2002, hlm. 31.
↑  Zdiarsky 2011, hlm. 168.
↑  Orru 2002, hlm. 32.
↑  MacLeod 2000, hlm. 3, 10–11.
↑  Casson 2001, hlm. 48.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7  Nelles 2010, hlm. 533.
↑  Nelles 2010, hlm. 533–534.
1 2 3 4  Tocatlian 1991, hlm. 265.
↑  Tocatlian 1991, hlm. 265–266.
↑  Tocatlian 1991, hlm. 266.
↑  Tocatlian 1991, hlm. 259.