Titan (satelit)
Catatan kaki

1 2  "JPL HORIZONS solar system data and ephemeris computation service". Solar System Dynamics. NASA, Jet Propulsion Laboratory. Diakses tanggal 2007-08-19.
1 2 3  
DOI:10.1086/508812 
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1 2 3  Coustenis, hal. 154–155
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1 2 3  Stofan, E. R.; Elachi, C.; Lunine, J. I.; Lorenz, R. D.; Stiles, B.; Mitchell, K. L.; Ostro, S.; Soderblom, L.; Wood, C. (2007). "The lakes of Titan". Nature. 445 (1): 61–64. Bibcode:2007Natur.445...61S. doi:10.1038/nature05438. PMID 17203056.
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↑  Telescope by Huygens, Christiaan Huygens, The Hague, 1683 Inv V09196 Diarsipkan 2012-11-01 di Wayback Machine., Rijksmuseum voor de Geschiedenis van de Natuurwetenschappen en van de Geneeskunde
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Lassell (November 12, 1847). "Observations of Mimas, the closest and most interior satellite of Saturn". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 8 (1): 42. Diakses tanggal 2005-03-29.
↑  "EVS-Islands: Titan's Unnamed Methane Sea". Diakses tanggal October 22, 2009.
↑  Bevilacqua, R. (1980). "Resonances and close approaches. I. The Titan-Hyperion case". Earth, Moon, and Planets. 22 (2): 141–152. Bibcode:1980M&P....22..141B. doi:10.1007/BF00898423.  Parameter |coauthors= yang tidak diketahui mengabaikan (|author= yang disarankan) (bantuan)
1 2  Arnett, Bill (2005). "Titan". Nine planets. University of Arizona, Tucson. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2005-11-21. Diakses tanggal 2005-04-10.
↑  Lunine, J. (March 21, 2005). "Comparing the Triad of Great Moons". Astrobiology Magazine. Diakses tanggal 2006-07-20.
↑  Tobie, G.; Grasset, Olivier; Lunine, Jonathan I.; Mocquet, Antoine; Sotin, Christophe (2005). "Titan's internal structure inferred from a coupled thermal-orbital model". Icarus. 175 (2): 496–502. Bibcode:2005Icar..175..496T. doi:10.1016/j.icarus.2004.12.007.
1 2 3 4  Longstaff, Alan (February 2009). "Is Titan (cryo)volcanically active?". Royal Observatory, Greenwich (Astronomy Now): 19.
↑  "Titan's Mysterious Radio Wave". ESA Cassini-Huygens web site. June 1, 2007. Diakses tanggal 2010-03-25.
↑  Shiga, David (March 20, 2008). Titan's changing spin hints at hidden ocean, New Scientist
↑  DLR Interior Structure of Planetary Bodies Diarsipkan 2011-07-26 di Wayback Machine. DLR Radius to Density Diarsipkan 2011-07-26 di Wayback Machine. The natural satellites of the giant outer planets...
↑  "Giant impact scenario may explain the unusual moons of Saturn". Space Daily. 2012. Diakses tanggal 2012-10-19.
↑  "Wind or Rain or Cold of Titan's Night?". Astrobiology Magazine. March 11, 2005. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2007-07-17. Diakses tanggal 2007-08-24.
↑  Coustenis, hal. 130
↑  Turtle, Elizabeth P. (2007). "Exploring the Surface of Titan with Cassini–Huygens". Smithsonian. Diakses tanggal 2009-04-18.
↑  Zubrin, Robert (1999). Entering Space: Creating a Spacefaring Civilization. Section: Titan: Tarcher/Putnam. hlm. 163–166. ISBN 1-58542-036-0.
↑  Schröder, S. E.; Tomasko; Keller (2005). "The reflectance spectrum of Titan's surface as determined by Huygens". American Astronomical Society, DPS meeting No. 37, #46.15; Bulletin of the American Astronomical Society. 37 (726): 726. Bibcode:2005DPS....37.4615S.  Parameter |month= yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (bantuan); Parameter |coauthors= yang tidak diketahui mengabaikan (|author= yang disarankan) (bantuan)
↑  de Selding, Petre (January 21, 2005). "Huygens Probe Sheds New Light on Titan". SPACE.com. Diakses tanggal 2005-03-28.
↑  Waite; J. H.; Cravens, T. E.; Coates, A. J.; Crary, F. J.; Magee, B.; Westlake, J. (2007). "The Process of Tholin Formation in Titan's Upper Atmosphere". Science. 316 (5826): 870. Bibcode:2007Sci...316..870W. doi:10.1126/science.1139727. PMID 17495166.
↑  Courtland, Rachel (September 11, 2008). "Saturn magnetises its moon Titan". New Scientist.
↑  
Coustenis, A. (2005). "Formation and evolution of Titan's atmosphere". Space Science Reviews. 116 (1-2): 171–184. Bibcode:2005SSRv..116..171C. doi:10.1007/s11214-005-1954-2.
↑  Sushil K. Atreyaa, Elena Y. Adamsa, Hasso B. Niemann;  et al. (2006). "Titan's methane cycle". Planetary and Space Science. 54 (12): 1177. Bibcode:2006P&SS...54.1177A. doi:10.1016/j.pss.2006.05.028.  Parameter |access-date= membutuhkan |url= (bantuan)Pemeliharaan CS1: Penggunaan et al. yang eksplisit (link) Pemeliharaan CS1: Banyak nama: authors list (link)
↑  Stofan, E. R.;  et al. (2007). "The lakes of Titan". Nature. 445 (7123): 61–4. Bibcode:2007Natur.445...61S. doi:10.1038/nature05438. PMID 17203056. Pemeliharaan CS1: Penggunaan et al. yang eksplisit (link)
↑  Tobie, Gabriel; Lunine, Jonathan and Sotin, Cristophe (2006). "Episodic outgassing as the origin of atmospheric methane on Titan". Nature. 440 (7080): 61–64. Bibcode:2006Natur.440...61T. doi:10.1038/nature04497. PMID 16511489. Pemeliharaan CS1: Banyak nama: authors list (link)
1 2 3  Staff (April 3, 2013). "NASA team investigates complex chemistry at Titan". Phys.Org. Diakses tanggal April 11, 2013.
↑  López-Puertas, Manuel (June 6, 2013). "PAH's in Titan's Upper Atmosphere". CSIC. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2013-12-03. Diakses tanggal June 6, 2013.
↑  Titan: A World Much Like Earth. Space.com (2009-08-06). Diakses pada 2012-04-02.
↑  "Titan Has More Oil Than Earth". February 13, 2008. Diakses tanggal 2008-02-13.
↑  C.P. McKay, J. B. Pollack, R. Courtin (1991). "The greenhouse and antigreenhouse effects on Titan". Science. 253 (5024): 1118–1121. doi:10.1126/science.11538492. PMID 11538492. Pemeliharaan CS1: Banyak nama: authors list (link)
↑  Lakdawalla, Emily (January 21, 2004). "Titan: Arizona in an Icebox?". The Planetary Society. Archived from the original on 2010-02-12. Diakses tanggal 2005-03-28. Pemeliharaan CS1: Url tak layak (link)
↑  Emily L., Schaller (2006). "A large cloud outburst at Titan's south pole" (PDF). Icarus. 182 (182): 224–229. Bibcode:2006Icar..182..224S. doi:10.1016/j.icarus.2005.12.021. Diakses tanggal 2007-08-23.  Parameter |coauthors= yang tidak diketahui mengabaikan (|author= yang disarankan) (bantuan)
↑  "The Way the Wind Blows on Titan". Jet Propulsion Laboratory. June 1, 2007. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2009-04-27. Diakses tanggal 2007-06-02.
↑  Shiga, David (2006). "Huge ethane cloud discovered on Titan". New Scientist. 313: 1620. Diakses tanggal 2007-08-07.
↑  Mahaffy, Paul R. (May 13, 2005). "Intensive Titan Exploration Begins". Science. 308 (5724): 969–970. Bibcode:2005Sci...308..969M. doi:10.1126/science.1113205. PMID 15890870.
1 2 3 4  Jennifer Chu (July 2012). "River networks on Titan point to a puzzling geologic history". MIT Research. Diakses tanggal 24 July 2012.
↑  "Titan, Saturn's largest moon is finally unravelled in detail". News Pakistan. March 12, 2012. Diakses tanggal 2012-03-12.  Parameter |first1= tanpa |last1= di Authors list (bantuan)
↑  Battersby, Stephen (October 29, 2004). "Titan's complex and strange world revealed". New Scientist. Diakses tanggal 2007-08-31.
↑  "Spacecraft: Cassini Orbiter Instruments, RADAR". Cassini–Huygens Mission to Saturn & Titan. NASA, Jet Propulsion Laboratory. Diakses tanggal 2007-08-31.
↑  Lorenz, R. D.; Callahan; Gim, Y.; Alberti, G.; Flamini, E.; Seu, R.; Picardi, G.; Orosei, R.; Zebker, H. (2007). "Titan's Shape, Radius and Landscape from Cassini Radar Altimetry" (PDF). Lunar and Planetary Science Conference. 38: 1329. Bibcode:2007LPI....38.1329L. Diakses tanggal 2007-08-27.
↑  "Cassini Reveals Titan's Xanadu Region To Be An Earth-Like Land". Science Daily. July 23, 2006. Diakses tanggal 2007-08-27.
↑  Barnes, Jason W.; Brown, Robert H.; Soderblom, Laurence; Buratti, Bonnie J.; Sotin, Christophe; Rodriguez, Sebastien; Le Mouèlic, Stephane; Baines, Kevin H.; Clark, Roger (2006). "Global-scale surface spectral variations on Titan seen from Cassini/VIMS" (PDF). Icarus. 186 (1): 242. Bibcode:2007Icar..186..242B. doi:10.1016/j.icarus.2006.08.021. Archived from the original on 2011-07-25. Diakses tanggal 2007-08-27. Pemeliharaan CS1: Url tak layak (link)
↑  Dermott, S. F. and Sagan, C. (1995). "Tidal effects of disconnected hydrocarbon seas on Titan". Nature. 374 (6519): 238–240. Bibcode:1995Natur.374..238D. doi:10.1038/374238a0. PMID 7885443. Pemeliharaan CS1: Banyak nama: authors list (link)
↑  Bortman, Henry (November 2, 2004). "Titan: Where's the Wet Stuff?". Astrobiology Magazine. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2006-11-03. Diakses tanggal 2007-08-28.
↑  Lakdawalla, Emily (June 28, 2005). "Dark Spot Near the South Pole: A Candidate Lake on Titan?". The Planetary Society. Archived from the original on 2011-06-05. Diakses tanggal 2006-10-14. Pemeliharaan CS1: Url tak layak (link)
↑  "NASA Confirms Liquid Lake On Saturn Moon". NASA. 2008. Diakses tanggal 2009-12-20.
↑  "NASA Cassini Radar Images Show Dramatic Shoreline on Titan" (Siaran pers). Jet Propulsion Laboratory. September 16, 2005. Diakses tanggal 2006-10-14.
1 2  "PIA08630: Lakes on Titan". NASA Planetary Photojournal. NASA/JPL. Diakses tanggal 2006-10-14.
↑  "Titan Has Liquid Lakes, Scientists Report in Nature". NASA/JPL. January 3, 2007. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2013-05-23. Diakses tanggal 2007-01-08.
↑  Hecht, Jeff (July 11, 2011). "Ethane lakes in a red haze: Titan's uncanny moonscape". New Scientist. Diakses tanggal 2011-07-25.
↑  "Tropical Methane Lakes on Saturn's Moon Titan". saturntoday.com. 2012. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2012-10-10. Diakses tanggal 2012-06-16.
↑  Hadhazy, Adam (2008). "Scientists Confirm Liquid Lake, Beach on Saturn's Moon Titan". Scientific American. Diakses tanggal 2008-07-30.
↑  Grossman, Lisa (August 21, 2009). "Saturn moon's mirror-smooth lake 'good for skipping rocks'". New Scientist. Diakses tanggal 2009-11-25.
↑  Wye, L. C. (2009). "Smoothness of Titan's Ontario Lacus: Constraints from Cassini RADAR specular reflection data". Geophysical Research Letters. 36 (16): L16201. Bibcode:2009GeoRL..3616201W. doi:10.1029/2009GL039588.  Parameter |coauthors= yang tidak diketahui mengabaikan (|author= yang disarankan) (bantuan)
↑  Cook, J.-R. C. (December 17, 2009). "Glint of Sunlight Confirms Liquid in Northern Lake District of Titan". NASA web site Cassini mission page. NASA. Diakses tanggal 2009-12-18.
↑  Lakdawalla, E. (December 17, 2009). "Cassini VIMS sees the long-awaited glint off a Titan lake". The Planetary Society Blog. Planetary Society. Diakses tanggal 2009-12-17.
1 2  Wall, Mike (December 17, 2010). "Saturn Moon's 'Lake Ontario': Shallow and Virtually Wave-free". Space.Com web site. Diakses tanggal 2010-12-19.
1 2  "Tides turn on Titan". Nature. 28 June 2012. Diakses tanggal 2012-06-29.  Parameter |first1= tanpa |last1= di Authors list (bantuan)
↑  Puiu, Tibi (June 29, 2012). "Saturn's moon Titan most likely harbors a subsurface ocean of water". zmescience.com web site. Diakses tanggal 2012-06-29.
1 2 3 4  Wood, C. A. (2009-09-06). "Impact craters on Titan". Icarus. Elsevier. 206 (1): 334–344. Bibcode:2010Icar..206..334L. doi:10.1016/j.icarus.2009.08.021.  Parameter |coauthors= yang tidak diketahui mengabaikan (|author= yang disarankan) (bantuan); Parameter |access-date= membutuhkan |url= (bantuan)
↑  "PIA07365: Circus Maximus". NASA Planetary Photojournal. Diakses tanggal 2006-05-04.
↑  "PIA07368: Impact Crater with Ejecta Blanket". NASA Planetary Photojournal. Diakses tanggal 2006-05-04.
↑  "PIA08737: Crater Studies on Titan". NASA Planetary Photojournal. Diakses tanggal 2006-09-15.
↑  "PIA08425: Radar Images the Margin of Xanadu". NASA Planetary Photojournal. Diakses tanggal 2006-09-26.
↑  "PIA08429: Impact Craters on Xanadu". NASA Planetary Photojournal. Diakses tanggal 2006-09-26.
↑  Ivanov, B. A. (1997). "Atmospheric entry of large meteoroids: implication to Titan". Planetary and Space Science. 45 (8): 993–1007. Bibcode:1997P&SS...45..993I. doi:10.1016/S0032-0633(97)00044-5.  Parameter |coauthors= yang tidak diketahui mengabaikan (|author= yang disarankan) (bantuan)
↑  Artemieva, Natalia (2003). "Cratering on Titan: impact melt, ejecta, and the fate of surface organics". Icarus. 164 (2): 471–480. Bibcode:2003Icar..164..471A. doi:10.1016/S0019-1035(03)00148-9.  Parameter |coauthors= yang tidak diketahui mengabaikan (|author= yang disarankan) (bantuan)
↑  Owen, Tobias (2005). "Planetary science: Huygens rediscovers Titan". Nature. 438 (7069): 756–757. Bibcode:2005Natur.438..756O. doi:10.1038/438756a. PMID 16363022.
↑  Media Relations Office: Cassini Imaging Central Laboratory For Operations (2009). "Cassini Finds Hydrocarbon Rains May Fill The Lakes". Space Science Institute, Boulder, Colorado. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2011-07-25. Diakses tanggal 2009-01-29.
1 2  Moore, J.M.; Pappalardo (2008). "Titan: Callisto With Weather?". American Geophysical Union. American Geophysical Union, Fall Meeting 2008. 11: 06.  Parameter |coauthors= yang tidak diketahui mengabaikan (|author= yang disarankan) (bantuan)
↑  Neish, C.D.; Lorenz, R.D. and O'Brien, D.P. (2005). "Shape and thermal modeling of the possible cryovolcanic dome Ganesa Macula on Titan: Astrobiological implications". Lunar and Planetary Laboratory, University of Arizona, Observatoire de la Cote d'Azur. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2007-08-14. Diakses tanggal 2007-08-27. Pemeliharaan CS1: Banyak nama: authors list (link)
↑  Lakdawalla, Emily (2008). "Genesa Macula Isn't A Dome". The Planetary Society. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2013-06-18. Diakses tanggal 2009-01-30.
↑  DOI:10.1038/nature03596
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↑  LeCorre, L.; LeMouélic, S.; Sotin, C. (2008). "Cassini/VIMS observations of cryo-volcanic features on Titan" (PDF). Lunar and Planetary Science. XXXIX.
↑  Shiga, David (March 28, 2009). "Giant 'ice flows' bolster case for Titan's volcanoes". NewScientist.
↑  "Mountain range spotted on Titan". BBC News. December 12, 2006. Diakses tanggal 2007-08-06.
↑  Mountains Discovered on Saturn's Largest Moon Newswise, Diakses pada 2 Juli 2008.
↑  Richard A. Lovett (2010). "Saturn Moon Has Ice Volcano—And Maybe Life?". National Geographic. Diakses tanggal 2010-12-19.
↑  Fortes, A. D. (2007). "Ammonium sulfate on Titan: Possible origin and role in cryovolcanism". Icarus. 188 (1): 139–153. Bibcode:2007Icar..188..139F. doi:10.1016/j.icarus.2006.11.002.  Parameter |month= yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (bantuan); Parameter |coauthors= yang tidak diketahui mengabaikan (|author= yang disarankan) (bantuan)
↑  Lakdawalla, Emily. (December 17, 2008). "AGU: Titan: Volcanically active world, or "Callisto with weather?". The Planetary Society. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2012-10-12. Diakses tanggal 2010-10-11.
↑  Roe; H. G. (2004). "A new 1.6-micron map of Titan's surface". Geophys. Res. Lett. 31 (17): L17S03. Bibcode:2004GeoRL..3117S03R. doi:10.1029/2004GL019871.
↑  Lorenz, R. (2003). "The Glitter of Distant Seas". Science. 302 (5644): 403–404. doi:10.1126/science.1090464. PMID 14526089.
1 2  Goudarzi, Sara (May 4, 2006). "Saharan Sand Dunes Found on Saturn's Moon Titan". SPACE.com. Diakses tanggal 2007-08-06.
↑  Lorenz, R. D. (July 30, 2010). "Winds of Change on Titan". Science. 329 (5991): 519–20. Bibcode:2010Sci...329..519L. doi:10.1126/science.1192840. PMID 20671175.
1 2  Lorenz, RD; Wall, S; Radebaugh, J; Boubin, G; Reffet, E; Janssen, M; Stofan, E; Lopes, R; Kirk, R (2006). "The sand seas of Titan: Cassini RADAR observations of longitudinal dunes". Science. 312 (5774): 724–727. Bibcode:2006Sci...312..724L. doi:10.1126/science.1123257. PMID 16675695.
↑  "Cassini Sees the Two Faces of Titan's Dunes".
↑  Lancaster, N. (2006). "Linear Dunes on Titan". Science. 312 (5774): 702–703. doi:10.1126/science.1126292. PMID 16675686.
↑  "Titan's Smoggy Sand Grains". JPL. 2008. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2013-05-23. Diakses tanggal 2008-05-06.
↑  Benton, Julius L. Jr. (2005). Saturn and How to Observe It. Springer London. hlm. 141–146. ISBN 978-1-84628-045-0. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2020-03-10. Diakses tanggal 2013-09-10.
1 2  "Planetary Satellite Physical Parameters". JPL (Solar System Dynamics). April 3, 2009. Diakses tanggal 2010-06-29.
↑  Kuiper, G. P. (1944). "Titan: a Satellite with an Atmosphere". Astrophysical Journal. 100: 378. Bibcode:1944ApJ...100..378K. doi:10.1086/144679.
↑  "The Pioneer Missions". Pioneer Project. NASA, Jet Propulsion Laboratory. March 26, 2007. Diakses tanggal 2007-08-19.
↑  "Pioneer XI". Photo Index. NASA. Diakses tanggal 2007-08-19. [pranala nonaktif permanen]
↑  Richardson, J; Lorenz, Ralph D.; McEwen, Alfred (2004). "Titan's Surface and Rotation: New Results from Voyager 1 Images". Icarus. 170 (1): 113–124. Bibcode:2004Icar..170..113R. doi:10.1016/j.icarus.2004.03.010.  verified 2005-03-28.
↑  Lingard, Steve (2005). "How To Land on Titan" (23). Ingenia. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2011-07-21. Diakses tanggal 2009-01-11.  Parameter |coauthors= yang tidak diketahui mengabaikan (|author= yang disarankan) (bantuan); Parameter |month= yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (bantuan)
↑  "Cassini at Saturn: Introduction". NASA, Jet Propulsion Laboratory. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2011-08-22. Diakses tanggal 2007-09-06.
↑  "Cassini Equinox Mission: Titan Flyby (T-70) – June 21, 2010". NASA/JPL. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2012-10-12. Diakses tanggal 2010-07-08.
↑  "Huygens Exposes Titan's Surface". Spacetoday. Diakses tanggal 2007-08-19.
1 2  "Seeing, touching and smelling the extraordinarily Earth-like world of Titan". ESA News, European Space Agency. January 21, 2005. Diakses tanggal 2005-03-28.
↑  "Huygens landing site to be named after Hubert Curien". ESA. March 5, 2007. Diakses tanggal 2007-08-06.
↑  "Mission Summary: TANDEM/TSSM Titan and Enceladus Mission". ESA. 2009. Diakses tanggal 2009-01-30.
↑  Rincon, Paul (February 18, 2009). "Jupiter in space agencies' sights". BBC News.
↑  Stofan, Ellen (2010). "TiME: Titan Mare Explorer" (PDF). Caltech. Diarsipkan dari versi asli (PDF) tanggal 2012-05-24. Diakses tanggal 2011-08-17.
↑  "NASA picks project shortlist for next Discovery mission". TG Daily. 9 May 2011. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2012-09-04. Diakses tanggal 2011-05-20.  Parameter |first1= tanpa |last1= di Authors list (bantuan)
↑  Greenfieldboyce, Nell (September 16, 2009). "Exploring A Moon By Boat". National Public Radio (NPR). Diakses tanggal 2009-11-08.
↑  "TALISE: Titan Lake In-situ Sampling Propelled Explorer" (PDF), European Planetary Science Congress 2012 (PDF)Parameter |format= membutuhkan |url= (bantuan), Europe: EPSC Abstracts, Volume 7, EPSC2012-64 2012, diakses tanggal 2012-10-10  Parameter |first1= tanpa |last1= di Editors list (bantuan); Periksa nilai tanggal di: |year= (bantuan)
↑  "Probe would set sail on a Saturn moon". CNN – Light Years. 9 October 2012. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2013-06-19. Diakses tanggal 2012-10-10.  Parameter |first1= tanpa |last1= di Authors list (bantuan)
↑  "AVIATR: An Airplane Mission for Titan". Universetoday.com. 2012-01-02. Diakses tanggal 2013-02-26.
↑  "Soaring on Titan: Drone designed to scout Saturn's moon". nbcnews.com. 2012-01-10. Diakses tanggal 2013-02-26.
↑  "The plane built to soar above the clouds - on Saturn's mysterious moon Titan". Daliymail.co.uk. 2012-01-04. Diakses tanggal 2013-02-26.
1 2 3  Beberapa ilmuwan menduga Titan memiliki kehidupan luar surya mikrobial.
Grasset, O.; Sotin, C.; Deschamps, F. (2000). "On the internal structure and dynamic of Titan". Planetary and Space Science. 48 (7–8): 617–636. Bibcode:2000P&SS...48..617G. doi:10.1016/S0032-0633(00)00039-8. Pemeliharaan CS1: Banyak nama: authors list (link)
1 2 3  Fortes, A. D. (2000). "Exobiological implications of a possible ammonia-water ocean inside Titan". Icarus. 146 (2): 444–452. Bibcode:2000Icar..146..444F. doi:10.1006/icar.2000.6400.
1 2  McKay, Chris (2010). "Have We Discovered Evidence For Life On Titan". SpaceDaily. Diakses tanggal 2010-06-10.  Space.com. March 23, 2010.
1 2  Raulin, F. (2005). "Exo-astrobiological aspects of Europa and Titan: From observations to speculations". Space Science Review. 116 (1–2): 471–487. Bibcode:2005SSRv..116..471R. doi:10.1007/s11214-005-1967-x.
↑  Staff (October 4, 2010). "Lakes on Saturn's Moon Titan Filled With Liquid Hydrocarbons Like Ethane and Methane, Not Water". ScienceDaily. Diakses tanggal 2010-10-05.
1 2  Raulin F., Owen T. (2002). "Organic chemistry and exobiology on Titan". Space Science Review. 104 (1–2): 377–394. Bibcode:2002SSRv..104..377R. doi:10.1023/A:1023636623006.
↑  Staff (October 8, 2010). "Titan's haze may hold ingredients for life". Astronomy. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2012-07-28. Diakses tanggal 2010-10-14.
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