Unsur kimia
Daftar 118 unsur kimia yang telah diketahui

Berikut adalah tabel yang memuat 118 unsur kimia yang telah diketahui.
Nomor atom, nama, dan lambang semuanya berfungsi secara independen sebagai identitas unik.
Nama adalah yang diterima oleh IUPAC; nama sementara untuk unsur-unsur yang baru diproduksi dan belum diberi nama secara resmi ditulis dalam tanda kurung.
Golongan dan periode mengacu pada posisi unsur dalam tabel periodik. Nomor golongan di sini menunjukkan penomoran yang saat ini diterima; untuk penomoran alternatif yang lebih lama, lihat Golongan tabel periodik.
Massa adalah massa atom dalam satuan g/mol.
| 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Logam alkali | Alkali tanah | Lantanida | Aktinida | Logam transisi |
| Logam | Metaloid | Nonlogam | Halogen | Gas mulia |
| 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |

| No.Atom | Nama | Lambang | Periode, Golongan | Massa (g/Mol) | Massa jenis (g/cm³) pada 20°C | Titiklebur  (°C) | Titikdidih  (°C) | Tahunpenemuan | Penemu |
| 1 | Hidrogen | H | 1; 1 | 1,00794(7)2 3 4 | 0,084 g/l | −259,1 | −252,9 | 1766 | Cavendish |
| 2 | Helium | He | 1; 18 | 4,002602(2)2 4 | 0,17 g/l | −272,2 | −268,9 | 1895 | Ramsay dan Cleve |
| 3 | Litium | Li | 2; 1 | 6,941(2)2 3 4 5 | 0,53 | 180,5 | 1317 | 1817 | Arfwedson |
| 4 | Berilium | Be | 2; 2 | 9,012182(3) | 1,85 | 1278 | 2970 | 1797 | Vauquelin |
| 5 | Boron | B | 2; 13 | 10,811(7)2 3 4 | 2,46 | 2300 | 2550 | 1808 | Davy dan Gay-Lussac |
| 6 | Karbon | C | 2; 14 | 12,0107(8)2 4 | 3,51 | 3550 | 4827 | 3750 SM | orang Mesir Kuno dan orang Sumeria |
| 7 | Nitrogen | N | 2; 15 | 14,0067(2)2 4 | 1,17 g/l | −209,9 | −195,8 | 1772 | Rutherford |
| 8 | Oksigen | O | 2; 16 | 15,9994(3)2 4 | 1,33 g/l | −218,4 | −182,9 | 1774 | Priestly dan Scheele |
| 9 | Fluorin | F | 2; 17 | 18,9984032(5) | 1,58 g/l | −219,6 | −188,1 | 1886 | Moissan |
| 10 | Neon | Ne | 2; 18 | 20,1797(6)2 3 | 0,84 g/l | −248,7 | −246,1 | 1898 | Ramsay dan Travers |
| 11 | Natrium | Na | 3; 1 | 22,98976928(2) | 0,97 | 97,8 | 892 | 1807 | Davy |
| 12 | Magnesium | Mg | 3; 2 | 24,3050(6) | 1,74 | 648,8 | 1107 | 1755 | Black |
| 13 | Alumunium | Al | 3; 13 | 26,9815386(8) | 2,70 | 660,5 | 2467 | 1825 | Ørsted |
| 14 | Silikon | Si | 3; 14 | 28,0855(3)4 | 2,33 | 1410 | 2355 | 1824 | Berzelius |
| 15 | Fosforus | P | 3; 15 | 30,973762(2) | 1,82 | 44 (P4) | 280 (P4) | 1669 | Brand |
| 16 | Belerang | S | 3; 16 | 32,065(5)2 4 | 2,06 | 113 | 444,7 | sebelum 2000 SM | orang Tionghoa |
| 17 | Klorin | Cl | 3; 17 | 35,453(2)2 3 4 | 2,95 g/l | −34,6 | −101 | 1774 | Scheele |
| 18 | Argon | Ar | 3; 18 | 39,948(1)2 4 | 1,66 g/l | −189,4 | −185,9 | 1894 | Ramsay dan Rayleigh |
| 19 | Kalium | K | 4; 1 | 39,0983(1) | 0,86 | 63,7 | 774 | 1807 | Davy |
| 20 | Kalsium | Ca | 4; 2 | 40,078(4)2 | 1,54 | 839 | 1487 | 1808 | Davy |
| 21 | Skandium | Sc | 4; 3 | 44,955912(6) | 2,99 | 1539 | 2832 | 1879 | Nilson |
| 22 | Titanium | Ti | 4; 4 | 47,867(1) | 4,51 | 1660 | 3260 | 1791 | Gregor dan Klaproth |
| 23 | Vanadium | V | 4; 5 | 50,9415(1) | 6,09 | 1890 | 3380 | 1801 | del Río |
| 24 | Kromium | Cr | 4; 6 | 51,9961(6) | 7,14 | 1857 | 2482 | 1797 | Vauquelin |
| 25 | Mangan | Mn | 4; 7 | 54,938045(5) | 7,44 | 1244 | 2097 | 1774 | Gahn |
| 26 | Besi | Fe | 4; 8 | 55,845(2) | 7,87 | 1535 | 2750 | sebelum 5000 SM | tak diketahui |
| 27 | Kobalt | Co | 4; 9 | 58,933195(5) | 8,89 | 1495 | 2870 | 1735 | Brandt |
| 28 | Nikel | Ni | 4; 10 | 58,6934(2) | 8,91 | 1453 | 2732 | 1751 | Cronstedt |
| 29 | Tembaga | Cu | 4; 11 | 63,546(3)4 | 8,92 | 1083,5 | 2595 | 9000 SM | orang Timur Tengah |
| 30 | Seng | Zn | 4; 12 | 65,409(4) | 7,14 | 419,6 | 907 | sebelum 1000 SM | ahli metalurgi India |
| 31 | Galium | Ga | 4; 13 | 69,723(1) | 5,91 | 29,8 | 2403 | 1875 | Lecoq de Boisbaudran |
| 32 | Germanium | Ge | 4; 14 | 72,64(1) | 5,32 | 937,4 | 2830 | 1886 | Winkler |
| 33 | Arsen | As | 4; 15 | 74,92160(2) | 5,72 | 615 | 615 (subl.) | sebelum 815 M | alkemis Arab |
| 34 | Selenium | Se | 4; 16 | 78,96(3)4 | 4,82 | 217 | 685 | 1817 | Berzelius |
| 35 | Bromin | Br | 4; 17 | 79,904(1) | 3,14 | −7,3 | 58,8 | 1826 | Balard |
| 36 | Kripton | Kr | 4; 18 | 83,798(2)2 3 | 3,48 g/l | −156,6 | −152,3 | 1898 | Ramsay dan Travers |
| 37 | Rubidium | Rb | 5; 1 | 85,4678(3)2 | 1,53 | 39 | 688 | 1861 | Bunsen dan Kirchhoff |
| 38 | Stronsium | Sr | 5; 2 | 87,62(1)2 4 | 2,63 | 769 | 1384 | 1790 | Crawford |
| 39 | Itrium | Y | 5; 3 | 88,90585(2) | 4,47 | 1523 | 3337 | 1794 | Gadolin |
| 40 | Zirkonium | Zr | 5; 4 | 91,224(2)2 | 6,51 | 1852 | 4377 | 1789 | Klaproth |
| 41 | Niobium | Nb | 5; 5 | 92,906 38(2) | 8,58 | 2468 | 4927 | 1801 | Hatchett |
| 42 | Molibdenum | Mo | 5; 6 | 95,94(2)2 | 10,28 | 2617 | 5560 | 1778 | Scheele |
| 43 | Teknesium | Tc | 5; 7 | [98,9063]1 | 11,49 | 2172 | 5030 | 1937 | Perrier dan Segrè |
| 44 | Rutenium | Ru | 5; 8 | 101,07(2)2 | 12,45 | 2310 | 3900 | 1844 | Klaus |
| 45 | Rodium | Rh | 5; 9 | 102,90550(2) | 12,41 | 1966 | 3727 | 1803 | Wollaston |
| 46 | Paladium | Pd | 5; 10 | 106,42(1)2 | 12,02 | 1552 | 3140 | 1803 | Wollaston |
| 47 | Perak | Ag | 5; 11 | 107,8682(2)2 | 10,49 | 961,9 | 2212 | sebelum 5000 SM | tak diketahui |
| 48 | Kadmium | Cd | 5; 12 | 112,411(8)2 | 8,64 | 321 | 765 | 1817 | Strohmeyer dan Hermann |
| 49 | Indium | In | 5; 13 | 114,818(3) | 7,31 | 156,2 | 2080 | 1863 | Reich dan Richter |
| 50 | Timah | Sn | 5; 14 | 118,710(7)2 | 7,29 | 232 | 2270 | protosejarah, sekitar abad ke-35 SM | tak diketahui |
| 51 | Antimon | Sb | 5; 15 | 121,760(1)2 | 6,69 | 630,7 | 1750 | sebelum 815 M | alkemis Arab |
| 52 | Telurium | Te | 5; 16 | 127,60(3)2 | 6,25 | 449,6 | 990 | 1782 | von Reichenstein |
| 53 | Iodin | I | 5; 17 | 126,90447(3) | 4,94 | 113,5 | 184,4 | 1811 | Courtois |
| 54 | Xenon | Xe | 5; 18 | 131,293(6)2 3 | 4,49 g/l | −111,9 | −107 | 1898 | Ramsay dan Travers |
| 55 | Sesium | Cs | 6; 1 | 132,9054519(2) | 1,90 | 28,4 | 690 | 1860 | Kirchhoff dan Bunsen |
| 56 | Barium | Ba | 6; 2 | 137,327(7) | 3,65 | 725 | 1640 | 1808 | Davy |
| 57 | Lantanum | La | 6 | 138,90547(7)2 | 6,16 | 920 | 3454 | 1839 | Mosander |
| 58 | Serium | Ce | 6 | 140,116(1)2 | 6,77 | 798 | 3257 | 1803 | von Hisinger dan Berzelius |
| 59 | Praseodimium | Pr | 6 | 140,90765(2) | 6,48 | 931 | 3212 | 1895 | von Welsbach |
| 60 | Neodimium | Nd | 6 | 144,242(3)2 | 7,00 | 1010 | 3127 | 1895 | von Welsbach |
| 61 | Prometium | Pm | 6 | [146,9151]1 | 7,22 | 1080 | 2730 | 1945 | Marinsky dan Glendenin |
| 62 | Samarium | Sm | 6 | 150,36(2)2 | 7,54 | 1072 | 1778 | 1879 | Lecoq de Boisbaudran |
| 63 | Europium | Eu | 6 | 151,964(1)2 | 5,25 | 822 | 1597 | 1901 | Demarçay |
| 64 | Gadolinium | Gd | 6 | 157,25(3)2 | 7,89 | 1311 | 3233 | 1880 | de Marignac |
| 65 | Terbium | Tb | 6 | 158,92535(2) | 8,25 | 1360 | 3041 | 1843 | Mosander |
| 66 | Disprosium | Dy | 6 | 162,500(1)2 | 8,56 | 1409 | 2335 | 1886 | Lecoq de Boisbaudran |
| 67 | Holmium | Ho | 6 | 164,93032(2) | 8,78 | 1470 | 2720 | 1878 | Soret |
| 68 | Erbium | Er | 6 | 167,259(3)2 | 9,05 | 1522 | 2510 | 1842 | Mosander |
| 69 | Tulium | Tm | 6 | 168,93421(2) | 9,32 | 1545 | 1727 | 1879 | Cleve |
| 70 | Iterbium | Yb | 6 | 173,04(3)2 | 6,97 | 824 | 1193 | 1878 | de Marignac |
| 71 | Lutesium | Lu | 6; 3 | 174,967(1)2 | 9,84 | 1656 | 3315 | 1907 | Urbain |
| 72 | Hafnium | Hf | 6; 4 | 178,49(2) | 13,31 | 2150 | 5400 | 1923 | Coster dan de Hevesy |
| 73 | Tantalum | Ta | 6; 5 | 180,9479(1) | 16,68 | 2996 | 5425 | 1802 | Ekeberg |
| 74 | Wolfram | W | 6; 6 | 183,84(1) | 19,26 | 3407 | 5927 | 1783 | Elhuyar |
| 75 | Renium | Re | 6; 7 | 186,207(1) | 21,03 | 3180 | 5627 | 1925 | Noddack; Tacke dan Berg |
| 76 | Osmium | Os | 6; 8 | 190,23(3)2 | 22,61 | 3045 | 5027 | 1803 | Tennant |
| 77 | Iridium | Ir | 6; 9 | 192,217(3) | 22,65 | 2410 | 4130 | 1803 | Tennant |
| 78 | Platina | Pt | 6; 10 | 195,084(9) | 21,45 | 1772 | 3827 | 1557 | Scaliger |
| 79 | Emas | Au | 6; 11 | 196,966569(4) | 19,32 | 1064,4 | 2940 | sebelum 6000 SM | orang Timur Tengah |
| 80 | Raksa | Hg | 6; 12 | 200,59(2) | 13,55 | −38,9 | 356,6 | sebelum 1500 SM | orang Mesir Kuno |
| 81 | Talium | Tl | 6; 13 | 204,3833(2) | 11,85 | 303,6 | 1457 | 1861 | Crookes |
| 82 | Timbal | Pb | 6; 14 | 207,2(1)2 4 | 11,34 | 327,5 | 1740 | 7000 SM | orang Timur Tengah |
| 83 | Bismut | Bi | 6; 15 | 208,98040(1) | 9,80 | 271,4 | 1560 | sebelum 1000 SM | alkemis Arab |
| 84 | Polonium | Po | 6; 16 | [208,9824]1 | 9,20 | 254 | 962 | 1898 | Marie dan Pierre Curie |
| 85 | Astatin | At | 6; 17 | [209,9871]1 |  |  |  | 1940 | Corson dan MacKenzie |
| 86 | Radon | Rn | 6; 18 | [222,0176]1 | 9,23 g/l | −71 | −61,8 | 1900 | Dorn |
| 87 | Fransium | Fr | 7; 1 | [223,0197]1 |  | 27 | 677 | 1939 | Perey |
| 88 | Radium | Ra | 7; 2 | [226,0254]1 | 5,50 | 700 | 1140 | 1898 | Marie dan Pierre Curie |
| 89 | Aktinium | Ac | 7 | [227,0278]1 | 10,07 | 1047 | 3197 | 1899 | Debierne |
| 90 | Torium | Th | 7 | 232,03806(2)1 2 | 11,72 | 1750 | 4787 | 1829 | Berzelius |
| 91 | Protaktinium | Pa | 7 | 231,03588(2)1 | 15,37 | 1554 | 4030 | 1917 | Soddy; Cranston dan Hahn |
| 92 | Uranium | U | 7 | 238,02891(3)1 2 3 | 18,97 | 1132,4 | 3818 | 1789 | Klaproth |
| 93 | Neptunium | Np | 7 | [237,0482]1 | 20,48 | 640 | 3902 | 1940 | McMillan dan Abelson |
| 94 | Plutonium | Pu | 7 | [244,0642]1 | 19,74 | 641 | 3327 | 1940 | Seaborg |
| 95 | Amerisium | Am | 7 | [243,0614]1 | 13,67 | 994 | 2607 | 1944 | Seaborg |
| 96 | Kurium | Cm | 7 | [247,0703]1 | 13,51 | 1340 |  | 1944 | Seaborg |
| 97 | Berkelium | Bk | 7 | [247,0703]1 | 13,25 | 986 |  | 1949 | Seaborg |
| 98 | Kalifornium | Cf | 7 | [251,0796]1 | 15,1 | 900 |  | 1950 | Seaborg |
| 99 | Einsteinium | Es | 7 | [252,0829]1 |  | 860 |  | 1952 | Seaborg |
| 100 | Fermium | Fm | 7 | [257,0951]1 |  |  |  | 1952 | Seaborg |
| 101 | Mendelevium | Md | 7 | [258,0986]1 |  |  |  | 1955 | Seaborg |
| 102 | Nobelium | No | 7 | [259,1009]1 |  |  |  | 1958 | Seaborg |
| 103 | Lawrensium | Lr | 7; 3 | [260,1053]1 |  |  |  | 1961 | Ghiorso |
| 104 | Ruterfordium | Rf | 7; 4 | [261,1087]1 |  |  |  | 1964/69 | Flyorov |
| 105 | Dubnium | Db | 7; 5 | [262,1138]1 |  |  |  | 1967/70 | Flyorov |
| 106 | Seaborgium | Sg | 7; 6 | [263,1182]1 |  |  |  | 1974 | Flyorov |
| 107 | Bohrium | Bh | 7; 7 | [262,1229]1 |  |  |  | 1976 | Oganessian |
| 108 | Hasium | Hs | 7; 8 | [265]1 |  |  |  | 1984 | GSI (*) |
| 109 | Meitnerium | Mt | 7; 9 | [266]1 |  |  |  | 1982 | GSI |
| 110 | Darmstadtium | Ds | 7; 10 | [269]1 |  |  |  | 1994 | GSI |
| 111 | Roentgenium | Rg | 7; 11 | [272]1 |  |  |  | 1994 | GSI |
| 112 | Kopernisium | Cn | 7; 12 | [285]1 |  |  |  | 1996 | GSI |
| 113 | Nihonium | Nh | 7; 13 | [286]1 |  |  |  | 2004 | RIKEN; JINR (*); LLNL (*) |
| 114 | Flerovium | Fl | 7; 14 | [289]1 |  |  |  | 1998 | JINR |
| 115 | Moskovium | Mc | 7; 15 | [289]1 |  |  |  | 2003 | JINR; LLNL |
| 116 | Livermorium | Lv | 7; 16 | [293]1 |  |  |  | 2000 | LBNL (*) |
| 117 | Tenesin | Ts | 7; 17 | [294]1 |  |  |  | 2009 | JINR; LLNL |
| 118 | Oganeson | Og | 7; 18 | [294]1 |  |  |  | 2002 | JINR; LLNL |
| 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Logam alkali | Alkali tanah | Lantanida | Aktinida | Logam transisi |
| Logam | Metaloid | Nonlogam | Halogen | Gas mulia |