Ibnu Batutah
Rujukan > kutipan

1 2  Dunn 2005, hlm. 20.
↑  Nehru, Jawaharlal (1989). Glimpses of World History. Oxford University Press. hlm. 752. ISBN 0-19-561323-6.  Setelah mencermati rute perjalanan Ibnu Batutah yang begitu panjang, Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru menulis: "Inilah catatan perjalanan yang sudah cukup langka di masa kini yang penuh dengan berbagai kemudahan.... Bagaimanapun juga, Ibnu Batutah sudah tentu adalah salah seorang musafir besar sepanjang masa."
1 2  M-S hlm. ix.
1 2  Dunn 2005, hlm. 310–311; Defrémery & Sanguinetti 1853, hlm. 9–10 Jld. 1
↑  Dunn 2005, hlm. 19
↑  Defrémery & Sanguinetti 1853, hlm. 1 Jld. 1; Dunn 2005, hlm. 19
↑  Dunn 2005, hlm. 22
↑  A Mediterranean Society. University of California Press. 1967. hlm. 67–. GGKEY:TA7KAQ8PCE3. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 18 July 2017.
↑  Dunn 2005, hlm. 30-31.
↑  Defrémery & Sanguinetti 1853, hlm. 13 Jld. 1; Gibb 1958, hlm. 8
↑  Dunn 2005, hlm. 37; Defrémery & Sanguinetti 1853, hlm. 21 Jld. 1
↑  "Ibn Battuta: Travels in Asia and Africa 1325-1354". www.indiana.edu. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 20 August 2017. Diakses tanggal 6 December 2017.
↑  Dunn 2005, hlm. 39; Defrémery & Sanguinetti 1853, hlm. 26 Jld. 1
↑  Perjalanan-Perjalanan Ibnu Batutah diterjemahkan oleh Hamilton A.R Gibb
↑  Defrémery & Sanguinetti 1853, hlm. 27 Jld. 1
↑  Dunn 2005, hlm. 49; Defrémery & Sanguinetti 1853, hlm. 67 Jld. 1
↑  Peacock & Peacock 2008.
↑  Dunn 2005, hlm. 53–54
↑  Defrémery & Sanguinetti 1853, hlm. 105 Jld. 1; Gibb 1958, hlm. 66; Dunn 2005, hlm. 53
↑  Dunn 2005, hlm. 54.
↑  Gibb 1958, hlm. 71, 118.
↑  Gibb 1958, hlm. 81 Note 48.
↑  Hrbek 1962, hlm. 421-425.
↑  Elad 1987.
↑  Dunn 2005, hlm. 66-79.
↑  Dunn 2005, hlm. 88–89; Defrémery & Sanguinetti 1853, hlm. 404 Jld. 1; Gibb 1958, hlm. 249 Jld. 1
↑  Gibb 1958, hlm. 255–257 Jld. 1; Dunn 2005, hlm. 89–90
↑  Dunn 2005, hlm. 97; Defrémery & Sanguinetti 1854, hlm. 100 Jld. 2
↑  Dunn 2005, hlm. 41, 97.
↑  Dunn 2005, hlm. 98–100; Defrémery & Sanguinetti 1854, hlm. 125 Vol. 2
↑  Dunn 2005, hlm. 100–101; Defrémery & Sanguinetti 1854, hlm. 128–131 Jld. 2
↑  Defrémery & Sanguinetti 1854, hlm. 134-139 Jld. 2.
↑  Mattock 1981.
↑  Dunn 2005, hlm. 102.
↑  Dunn 2005, hlm. 102; Defrémery & Sanguinetti 1854, hlm. 142 Jld. 2
↑  Dunn 2005, hlm. 102–103; Defrémery & Sanguinetti 1854, hlm. 149 Jld. 2
↑  Dunn 2005, hlm. 115–116, 134
↑  Gibb 1962, hlm. 373 Jld. 2
↑  Sanjay Subrahmanyam, The Career and Legend of Vasco Da Gama, (Cambridge University Press: 1998), hlmn. 120-121.
↑  J. D. Fage, Roland Oliver, Roland Anthony Oliver, The Cambridge History of Africa, (Cambridge University Press: 1977), hlm. 190.
↑  George Wynn Brereton Huntingford, Agatharchides, The Periplus of the Erythraean Sea: With Some Extracts from Agatharkhidēs "On the Erythraean Sea", (Hakluyt Society: 1980), hlm. 83.
↑  Helen Chapin Metz (1992). Somalia: A Country Study. US: Federal Research Division, Library of Congress. ISBN 0-8444-0775-5.
↑  Versteegh, Kees (2008). Encyclopedia of Arabic language and linguistics, Jilid 4. Brill. hlm. 276. ISBN 9004144765. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 1 January 2016.
1 2 3  David D. Laitin, Said S. Samatar, Somalia: Nation in Search of a State, (Westview Press: 1987), hlm. 15.
↑  Chapurukha Makokha Kusimba, The Rise and Fall of Swahili States, (AltaMira Press: 1999), hlm. 58
↑  Chittick 1977, hlm. 191
↑  Gibb 1962, hlm. 379 Jld. 2
↑  Dunn 2005, hlm. 126
↑  Defrémery & Sanguinetti 1854, hlm. 192 Jld. 2
↑  Dunn 2005, hlm. 126–127
↑  Gibb 1962, hlm. 380 Jld. 2; Defrémery & Sanguinetti 1854, hlm. 193, Jld. 2
↑  "The Red Sea to East Africa and the Arabian Sea: 1328 - 1330 | ORIAS". orias.berkeley.edu (dalam bahasa Inggris). Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 6 December 2017. Diakses tanggal 6 December 2017.
↑  Dunn 2005, hlm. 137-139.
↑  Gibb 1962, hlm. 413-416 Jld. 2.
↑  Gibb 1962, hlm. 417 Jld. 2.
↑  Gibb 1962, hlm. 418-416 Jld. 2.
↑  Taeschner 1986.
↑  Dunn 2005, hlm. 146.
↑  Gibb 1962, hlm. 422-423 Jld. 2.
↑  Gibb 1962, hlm. 424-428 Jld. 2.
1 2  Dunn 2005, hlm. 149–150, 157 Keterangan 13; Gibb 1962, hlm. 533–535, Jld. 2; Hrbek 1962, hlm. 455–462.
↑  Gibb 1962, hlm. 533-535, Jld. 2.
↑  Gibb 1962, hlm. 535, Jld. 2.
↑  Safarname Ibn Battutah-jld:1
↑  Dunn 2005, hlm. 169–171
↑  "The_Longest_Hajj_Part2_6". hajjguide.org. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 24 September 2014. Diakses tanggal 13 June 2015.
↑  "Khan Academy". Khan Academy (dalam bahasa Inggris). Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 6 December 2017. Diakses tanggal 6 December 2017.
↑  Dunn 2005, hlm. 171–178
1 2  Ibn Battuta, The Travels of Ibn Battuta (terjemahan Samuel Lee, 2009), ISBN 978-1605206219, hlmn. 97-98
↑  Lee, Samuel (1829). The travels of Ibn Batuta :translated from the abridged Arabic manuscript copies, preserved in the Public Library of Cambridge. With notes, illustrative of the history, geography, botany, antiquities, &c. occurring throughout the work (PDF). London: Oriental Translation Committee. hlm. 191. Diakses tanggal 5 Desember 2017.
↑  Gibb 1971, hlm. 592 Jld. 3; Defrémery & Sanguinetti 1855, hlm. 92 Jld. 3; Dunn 2005, hlm. 178, 181 Keterangan 26
1 2  Aiya 1906, hlm. 328.
↑  Jerry Bently, Old World Encounters: Cross-Cultural Contacts and Exchanges in Pre-Modern Times (New York: Oxford University Press, 1993),121.
1 2  Suvorova, Anna; Suvorova, Professor of Indo-Islamic Culture and Head of Department of Asian Literatures Anna (22 July 2004). Muslim Saints of South Asia: The Eleventh to Fifteenth Centuries (dalam bahasa Inggris). Routledge. ISBN 9781134370061. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 24 February 2018.
↑  Waines, David (1 August 2012). The Odyssey of Ibn Battuta: Uncommon Tales of a Medieval Adventurer (dalam bahasa Inggris). I.B.Tauris. ISBN 9780857730657. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 24 February 2018.
↑  (C.I.E.), David Ross (1883). The land of the five rivers and Sindh (dalam bahasa Inggris). Chapman and Hall. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 24 February 2018.
↑  André Wink, Al-Hind, the Slave Kings and the Islamic Conquest, 11th-13th Centuries, Jilid ke-2 dari Al-Hind: The Making of the Indo-Islamic World. The Slave Kings and the Islamic Conquest 11th-13th Centuries, (BRILL, 2002), hlm.229.
↑  Gibb 1971, hlm. 596 Jld. 3; Defrémery & Sanguinetti 1855, hlm. 100 Jld. 3
↑  Gibb & Beckingham 1994, hlm. 775 Jld. 4.
↑  Defrémery & Sanguinetti 1858, hlm. 4 Jld. 4.
↑  Dunn 2005, hlm. 238 Keterangan 4.
↑  "The Travels of Ibn Battuta: Escape from Delhi to the Maldive Islands and Sri Lanka: 1341 - 1344". orias.berkeley.edu. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 16 January 2017. Diakses tanggal 12 January 2017.
↑  Dunn 2005, hlm. 215; Gibb & Beckingham 1994, hlm. 777 Jld. 4
↑  Gibb & Beckingham 1994, hlm. 773–782 Jld. 4; Dunn 2005, hlm. 213–217
↑  Gibb & Beckingham 1994, hlm. 814–815 Jld. 4
↑  Buchan, James (21 December 2002). "Review: The Travels of Ibn Battutah edited by Tim Mackintosh-Smith". The Guardian (dalam bahasa Inggris). ISSN 0261-3077. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 7 December 2017. Diakses tanggal 12 June 2017.
↑  Jerry Bently, Old World Encounters: Cross-Cultural Contacts and Exchanges in Pre-Modern Times (New York: Oxford University Press, 1993),126.
↑  Dunn 2005, hlm. 245.
↑  Yule 1916, hlm. 91-92.
↑  Gibb & Beckingham 1994, hlm. 873–-874 Vol. 4.
↑  "Ibn Battuta's Trip: Chapter 9 Through the Straits of Malacca to China 1345 - 1346". The Travels of Ibn Battuta A Virtual Tour with the 14th Century Traveler. Berkeley.edu. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 17 March 2013. Diakses tanggal 14 June 2013.
↑  Yule 1916, hlm. 96-97.
↑  Gibb & Beckingham 1994, hlm. 880–-883 Vol. 4.
↑  Waines 2010, hlm. 61.
↑  Balmaceda Guiterrez, Chit. "In search of a Princess". Filipinas Magazine. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 27 September 2013. Diakses tanggal 26 September 2013.
↑  Gibb & Beckingham 1994, hlm. 884–885 Vol. 4.
↑  Dunn 2005, hlm. 258.
↑  تحفة النظار في غرائب الأمصار وعجائب الأسفار,ابن بطوطة,ص 398
↑  Haw, Stephen G. Marco Polo's China: A Venetian in the Realm of Khubilai Khan. Routledge. hlm. 67. ISBN 9781134275427. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 24 December 2016.
↑  "Jewel of Chinese Muslim's Heritage" (PDF). Muslimheritage.com. Diarsipkan (PDF) dari versi asli tanggal 2 January 2017. Diakses tanggal 14 March 2017.
↑  Park, H. (2012). Mapping the Chinese and Islamic Worlds: Cross-Cultural Exchange in Pre-Modern Asia. Cambridge University Press. hlm. 237. ISBN 9781107018686. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 24 February 2018. Diakses tanggal 13 June 2015.
↑  Wade, G.; Tana, L. (2012). Anthony Reid and the Study of the Southeast Asian Past. Institute of Southeast Asian Studies. hlm. 131. ISBN 9789814311960. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 24 February 2018. Diakses tanggal 13 June 2015.
↑  Dunn 2005, hlm. 259.
1 2  Dunn, R.E. (1986). The Adventures of Ibn Battuta, a Muslim Traveler of the Fourteenth Century. University of California Press. ISBN 9780520057715. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 10 October 2014. Diakses tanggal 13 June 2015.
↑  Dunn 2005, hlm. 260
↑  Elliott, Michael (21 July 2011). "The Enduring Message of Hangzhou". Time.com. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 17 January 2012. Diakses tanggal 5 November 2011.
↑  Gibb & Beckingham 1994, hlm. 904, 907.
↑  Batuta, I.; Lee, S.; Oriental Translation Fund (1829). The Travels of Ibn Batūta. Oriental Translation Committee, and sold. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 24 February 2018. Diakses tanggal 13 June 2015.
↑  Rumford, J. (2001). Traveling Man: The Journey of Ibn Battuta 1325–1354. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. ISBN 9780547562568. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 24 February 2018. Diakses tanggal 13 June 2015.
↑  Snodgrass, M.E. (2010). Encyclopedia of the Literature of Empire. Facts on File. ISBN 9781438119069. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 24 February 2018. Diakses tanggal 13 June 2015.
↑  Dunn 2005, hlm. 260.
1 2  Gibb & Beckingham 1994, hlm. 896.
↑  Haw, Stephen G. (2006), Marco Polo's China: a Venetian in the realm of Khubilai Khan, Jilid ke-3 dari hasil kajian Routledge mengenai permulaan sejarah Asia, Psychology Press, hlm. 52–57, ISBN 0-415-34850-1, diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 24 December 2016
↑  Dunn 2005, hlm. 259–261
↑  Aubrey W. Bonnett; Calvin B. Holder (2009). Continuing Perspectives on the Black Diaspora. University Press of America. hlm. 26. ISBN 978-0-7618-4662-8.
↑  L. P. Harvey (2007). Ibn Battuta. I. B. Tauris. hlm. 51. ISBN 978-1-84511-394-0. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2 December 2017.
↑  Dunn 2005, hlm. 261
↑  Dunn 2005, hlm. 268–269
↑  Dunn 2005, hlm. 269
↑  Dunn 2005, hlm. 274–275
↑  Dunn 2005, hlm. 278
↑  Dunn 2005, hlm. 282
↑  Dunn 2005, hlm. 283–284
↑  Dunn 2005, hlm. 286–287
↑  Defrémery & Sanguinetti 1858, hlm. 376 Jld. 4; Levtzion & Hopkins 2000, hlm. 282; Dunn 2005, hlm. 295
↑  Defrémery & Sanguinetti 1858, hlm. 378–379 Jld. 4; Levtzion & Hopkins 2000, hlm. 282; Dunn 2005, hlm. 297
↑  Levtzion & Hopkins 2000, hlm. 457.
↑  Defrémery & Sanguinetti 1858, hlm. 385 Jld. 4; Levtzion & Hopkins 2000, hlm. 284; Dunn 2005, hlm. 298
↑  Hunwick 1973.
↑  Jerry Bently, Old World Encounters: Cross-Cultural Contacts and Exchanges in Pre-Modern Times (New York: Oxford University Press, 1993),131.
↑  Defrémery & Sanguinetti 1858, hlm. 430 Jld. 4; Levtzion & Hopkins 2000, hlm. 299; Gibb & Beckingham 1994, hlm. 969–970 Jld. 4; Dunn 2005, hlm. 304
↑  Dunn 2005, hlm. 304.
↑  Defrémery & Sanguinetti 1858, hlm. 425–426 Jld. 4; Levtzion & Hopkins 2000, hlm. 297
↑  Defrémery & Sanguinetti 1858, hlm. 432–436 Jld. 4; Levtzion & Hopkins 2000, hlm. 299; Dunn 2005, hlm. 305
↑  Defrémery & Sanguinetti 1858, hlm. 444–445 Jld. 4; Levtzion & Hopkins 2000, hlm. 303; Dunn 2005, hlm. 306
↑  Noel King (ed.), Ibn Battuta in Black Africa, Princeton 2005, hlmn. 45-46. Empat generasi sebelum Mansa Sulaiman, yang mangkat pada 1360 M, kakek dari kakeknya (Saraq Jata) telah masuk Islam.
↑  hlm. 310
↑  Battutah, Ibn (2002). The Travels of Ibn Battutah. London: Picador. hlm. 141. ISBN 9780330418799.
↑  Dunn 2005, hlm. 313–314; Mattock 1981
↑  Dunn 2005, hlm. 63–64; Elad 1987
↑  Dunn 2005, hlm. 179; Janicsek 1929
↑  Dunn 2005, hlm. 134 Keterangan 17
↑  Dunn 2005, hlm. 180 Keterangan 23
↑  Dunn 2005, hlm. 157 Note 13
↑  Kamala Visweswaran (6 May 2011). Perspectives on Modern South Asia: A Reader in Culture, History, and Representation. John Wiley & Sons. hlm. 164–. ISBN 978-1-4051-0062-5. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 19 January 2017.
↑  Dunn 2005, hlm. 253 and 262 Keterangan 20
↑  Ralf Elger; Yavuz Köse (2010). Many Ways of Speaking about the Self: Middle Eastern Ego-documents in Arabic, Persian, and Turkish (14th-20th Century). Otto Harrassowitz Verlag. hlm. 79–82. ISBN 978-3-447-06250-3. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 11 December 2017.
↑  Gibb 1958, hlm. 480–481; Dunn 2005, hlm. 168
↑  Gibb 1958, hlm. ix-x Jld. 1; Dunn 2005, hlm. 318
↑  Defrémery & Sanguinetti 1853, Jld. 1 hlmn. xiii-xiv; Kosegarten 1818.
↑  Apetz 1819.
↑  de Sacy 1820.
↑  Burckhardt 1819, hlm. 533–537 Keterangan 82; Defrémery & Sanguinetti 1853, Jld. 1 hlm. xvi
↑  Lee 1829.
↑  de Slane 1883–1895, hlm. 401.
↑  MS Arabe 2287; MS Arabe 2288; MS Arabe 2289; MS Arabe 2290; MS Arabe 2291.
↑  Dunn 2005, hlm. 4.
↑  Defrémery & Sanguinetti 1853, Jld. 1 hlmn. xxiii.
↑  de Slane 1843b; MS Arabe 2291
↑  de Slane 1843a.
↑  Defrémery & Sanguinetti 1853; Defrémery & Sanguinetti 1854; Defrémery & Sanguinetti 1855; Defrémery & Sanguinetti 1858
↑  Defrémery & Sanguinetti 1853, Jld. 1 hlm. xvii.
↑  Gibb 1929.
↑  Gibb & Beckingham 1994, hlm. ix.
↑  Gibb 1958.
↑  Gibb & Beckingham 1994.