Gilda (perhimpunan)
Rujukan

↑  
Rashdall, Hastings (1895). The Universities of Europe in the Middle Ages: Salerno. Bologna. Paris [Universitas-Universitas Eropa pada Abad Pertengahan: Salerno. Bologna. Paris]. Clarendon Press. hlm. 150.
↑  Epstein S.A, Wage Labor and Guilds in Medieval Europe, University of North Carolina Press, 1991, hlmn. 10-49
↑  Jovinelly, Joann; Netelkos, Jason (2006). The Crafts And Culture of a Medieval Guild. Rosen. hlm. 8. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2023-08-05. Diakses tanggal 2018-05-17.
↑  "Guild". Britannica. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2015-05-09. Diakses tanggal 2018-05-17.
↑  Starr, Mark (1919). A worker looks at history: being outlines of industrial history specially written for Labour College-Plebs classes. Plebs League. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2023-08-05. Diakses tanggal 2018-05-17.
↑  Sczesny, Anke (2012). "Zuenfte". Bayerische Staatsbibliothek. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2023-04-09. Diakses tanggal 3 Maret 2018.
↑  "History and heritage". City of London. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 18 Mei 2013. Diakses tanggal 25 Juni 2015.
↑  "Archived copy" [Salinan arsip] (PDF). Diarsipkan dari versi asli (PDF) tanggal 2013-07-19. Diakses tanggal 2013-03-12.
↑  "Freedom of the City" [Kemerdekaan Kota]. City of London. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 19 Mei 2013. Diakses tanggal 25 Juni 2015.
↑  Rouche 1992, hlm. 432
↑  Rouche 1992, hlm. 431ff
↑  Rutenburg, Viktor Ivanovich (1988). Feudal society and its culture [Masyarakat feodal dan budayanya]. Progress. hlm. 30. ISBN 5-01-000528-X.
↑  "Catholic Encyclopedia: Guilds". Newadvent.org. 1910-06-01. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2023-06-17. Diakses tanggal 2012-01-10.
↑  Diccionario geográfico universal, por una sociedad de literatos, S.B.M.F.C.L.D. 1834. hlm. 730–. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2023-08-05. Diakses tanggal 2018-05-17.
↑  "Alphabetical list". Cityoflondon.gov.uk. 2011-08-08. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2012-04-18. Diakses tanggal 2012-01-10.
↑  Shaxson, Nicholas (2012). Treasure Islands: Tax Havens and the Men who Stole the World. Vintage. ISBN 978-0-09-954172-1. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2023-08-05. Diakses tanggal 2018-05-17.
↑  Centre international de synthese (1971). L'Encyclopedie et les encyclopedistes. B. Franklin. hlm. 366. ISBN 0-8337-1157-1.
↑  Braudel 1992
↑  Braudel 1992, hlm. 316
↑  Magill, Frank N. (1972). Great Events from History: Ancient and Medieval Series: 951–1500. 3. Salem. hlm. 1303–7.
1 2  Ogilvie 2011
↑  Prak 2006
↑  "The Situation with the Sorbs in the Past and Present" (PDF). Diarsipkan dari versi asli (PDF) tanggal 2011-07-13.
↑  Raabe, hlm. 189.
↑  Ogilvie, Sheilagh (May 2004). "Guilds, efficiency, and social capital: evidence from German proto-industry". Economic History Review. 57 (2): 286–333. doi:10.1111/j.1468-0289.2004.00279.x. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2017-10-03. Diakses tanggal 2018-05-17.
↑  Vardi, Liana (1988). "The abolition of the guilds during the French Revolution". French Historical Studies. 15 (4): 704–717. JSTOR 286554.
↑  Bakliwal, V.K. (March 18, 2011). Production and Operation Management. Pinnacle Technology, 2011. ISBN 9788189472733.
↑  Ogilvie, Sheilagh C. (February 2008). "Rehabilitating the Guilds: A Reply". Economic History Review. 61 (1): 175–182. doi:10.1111/j.1468-0289.2007.00417.x. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2017-06-29. Diakses tanggal 2018-05-17.
↑  Epstein & Prak 2008
↑  Epstein, Stephan R. (September 1998). "Craft Guilds, Apprenticeship, and Technological Change in Preindustrial Europe". Journal of Economic History. 58: 684–713. doi:10.1017/S0022050700021124. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2016-06-01. Diakses tanggal 2018-05-17.
↑  Richardson G. (June 2001). "A Tale of Two Theories: Monopolies and Craft Guilds in Medieval England and Modern Imagination". Journal of the History of Economic Thought. 23 (2): 217–242. doi:10.1080/10427710120049237. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2016-06-01. Diakses tanggal 2018-05-17.
1 2  "GUILDS, WOMEN IN" in "Women in the Middle Ages", Greenwood Press 2004, hlmn. 384-385
↑  Sarfatti Larson, Magali (1979). The Rise of Professionalism: A Sociological Analysis. Campus. 233. Berkeley: University of California Press. hlm. 15. ISBN 9780520039506. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2023-08-05. Diakses tanggal 2018-05-17. [...] a cognitive basis of any kind had to be at least approximately defined before the rising modern professions could negotiate cognitive exclusiveness — that is, before they could convincingly establish a teaching monopoly on their specific tools and techniques, while claiming absolute superiority for them. The proved institutional mechanisms for this negotiation were the license, the ujian kualifikasi, the diploma, and formal training in a common curriculum. The typical institutions that administered these devices were, first, the guild-like professional association, and later the professional school, which superseded the association in effectiveness. [...] Obviously, none of this was in itself an organizational invention. The guilds of merchants that sprang up in eleventh-century Europe were also voluntary associations tending towards the monopolistic control of a new form of trade.[...]
↑  "What We Do - vocational qualifications | City & Guilds". www.cityandguilds.com. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2022-04-07. Diakses tanggal 2016-10-11.
↑  "U.S. v. National Association of Realtors". Usdoj.gov. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2009-05-30. Diakses tanggal 2010-07-01.