Megalodon
Catatan kaki

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↑  μέγας. Liddell, Henry George; Scott, Robert; A Greek–English Lexicon at the Perseus Project
↑  ὀδούς. Liddell, Henry George; Scott, Robert; A Greek–English Lexicon at the Perseus Project
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1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17  Renz, Mark (2002). Megalodon: Hunting the Hunter. Lehigh Acres, Florida: PaleoPress. hlm. 1–159. ISBN 978-0-9719477-0-2. OCLC 52125833.
↑  Lawley, R. (1881). "Selache manzonii n. sp. – Dente Fossile délia Molassa Miocenica del Monte Titano (Repubblica di San Marino)" [Fossil tooth from Miocene Molasse from Monte Titano (Republic of San Marino)]. Atti della Società Toscana di Scienze Naturali. 5: 167–172.
1 2 3 4  Ehret D. J.; Hubbell G.; Macfadden B. J. (2009). "Exceptional preservation of the white shark Carcharodon from the early Pliocene of Peru". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 29 (1): 1–13. doi:10.1671/039.029.0113. JSTOR 20491064. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2020-04-06. Diakses tanggal 2018-11-06.
↑  Hideo, Habe; Mastatoshi, Goto; Naotomo, Kaneko (2004). "Age of Carcharocles megalodon (Lamniformes: Otodontidae): A review of the stratigraphic records". The Palaeontological Society of Japan. 75 (75): 7–15.
1 2 3 4  Gottfried, M. D.; Fordyce, R. E. (2001). "An associated specimen of Carcharodon angustidens (Chondrichthyes, Lamnidae) from the Late Oligocene of New Zealand, with comments on Carcharodon interrelationships". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 21 (4): 730–739. doi:10.1671/0272-4634(2001)021[0730:AASOCA]2.0.CO;2. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2020-06-25. Diakses tanggal 2022-07-30.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10  Pimiento, C.; MacFadden, B. J.; Clements, C. F.; Varela, S.; Jaramillo, C.; Velez-Juarbe, J.; Silliman, B. R. (2016). "Geographical distribution patterns of Carcharocles megalodon over time reveal clues about extinction mechanisms". Journal of Biogeography. 43 (8): 1645–1655. doi:10.1111/jbi.12754.
1 2 3 4  Pimiento, C.; Clements, C. F. (2014). "When Did Carcharocles megalodon Become Extinct? A New Analysis of the Fossil Record". PLoS ONE. 9 (10): e111086. Bibcode:2014PLoSO...9k1086P. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0111086. PMC 4206505 . PMID 25338197.
1 2 3  Shimada, K.; Chandler, R. E.; Lam, O. L. T.; Tanaka, T.; Ward, D. J. (2016). "A new elusive otodontid shark (Lamniformes: Otodontidae) from the lower Miocene, and comments on the taxonomy of otodontid genera, including the 'megatoothed' clade". Historical Biology. 29 (5): 1–11. doi:10.1080/08912963.2016.1236795.
1 2 3 4  Pimiento, C.; Balk, M. A. (2015). "Body-size trends of the extinct giant shark Carcharocles megalodon: a deep-time perspective on marine apex predators". Paleobiology. 41 (3): 479–490. doi:10.1017/pab.2015.16. PMC 4541548 . PMID 26321775.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33  Klimley, Peter; Ainley, David (1996). "Evolution". Great White Sharks: The Biology of Carcharodon carcharias. San Diego, California: Academic Press. ISBN 978-0-12-415031-7. OCLC 212425118.
1 2 3 4 5  Andres, Lutz (2002). "C. megalodon — Megatooth Shark, Carcharodon versus Carcharocles". fossilguy.com. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2019-08-15. Diakses tanggal 16 Januari 2008.
↑  Siverson, Mikael; Johan Lindgren; Michael G. Newbrey; Peter Cederström; Todd D. Cook (2013). "Late Cretaceous (Cenomanian-Campanian) mid-palaeolatitude sharks of Cretalamna appendiculata type" (PDF). Acta Palaeontologica Polonica: 2. doi:10.4202/app.2012.0137. Archived from the original on 19 Oktober 2013. Pemeliharaan CS1: BOT: status url asli tidak diketahui (link)
↑  Benton, M. J.; Pearson, P. N. (2001). "Speciation in the fossil record". Trends in Ecology and Evolution. 16 (7): 405–411. doi:10.1016/s0169-5347(01)02149-8. PMID 11403874.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7  Pimiento, Catalina; Ehret, Dana J.; MacFadden, Bruce J.; Hubbell, Gordon (2010).  Stepanova, Anna, ed. "Ancient Nursery Area for the Extinct Giant Shark Megalodon from the Miocene of Panama". PLoS ONE. 5 (5): e10552. Bibcode:2010PLoSO...510552P. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0010552. PMC 2866656 . PMID 20479893.
↑  "Could Megalodon Have Looked Like a BIG Sandtiger Shark?". Biology of Sharks and Rays. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2018-10-15. Diakses tanggal 2 September 2017.
↑  Portell, Roger; Hubell, Gordon; Donovan, Stephen; Green, Jeremy; Harper, David; Pickerill, Ron (2008). "Miocene sharks in the Kendeace and Grand Bay formations of Carriacou, The Grenadines, Lesser Antilles" (PDF). Caribbean Journal of Science. 44 (3): 279–286. doi:10.18475/cjos.v44i3.a2. Archived from the original on 20 Juli 2011. Pemeliharaan CS1: BOT: status url asli tidak diketahui (link)
1 2  Randall, John (Juli 1973). "Size of the Great White Shark (Carcharodon)". Science Magazine. 181 (4095): 169–170. Bibcode:1973Sci...181..169R. doi:10.1126/science.181.4095.169. PMID 17746627.
↑  Schembri, Patrick (1994). "Malta's Natural Heritage". Natural Heritage. In: 105–124. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2020-03-20. Diakses tanggal 2018-11-07.
↑  Papson, Stephen (1992). "Copyright: Cross the Fin Line of Terror". Journal of American Culture. 15 (4): 67–81. doi:10.1111/j.1542-734X.1992.1504_67.x.
1 2 3 4 5  Wroe, S.; Huber, D. R.; Lowry, M.; McHenry, C.; Moreno, K.; Clausen, P.; Ferrara, T. L.; Cunningham, E.; Dean, M. N.; Summers, A. P. (2008). "Three-dimensional computer analysis of white shark jaw mechanics: how hard can a great white bite?" (PDF). Journal of Zoology. 276 (4): 336–342. doi:10.1111/j.1469-7998.2008.00494.x. Diarsipkan (PDF) dari versi asli tanggal 2022-10-09. Diakses tanggal 2018-11-07.
↑  Compagno, Leonard J. V. (2002). Sharks of the World: An Annotated and Illustrated Catalogue of Shark Species Known to Date. Rome: Food & Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. hlm. 97. ISBN 978-92-5-104543-5.
↑  "Great white sharks: 10 myths debunked". The Guardian. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2019-05-27. Diakses tanggal 3 Juni 2016.
↑  Carpenter, K. "Carcharodon carcharias". FishBase.org. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2018-06-12. Diakses tanggal 3 Juni 2016.
↑  Viegas, Jennifer. "Largest Great White Shark Don't Outweigh Whales, but They Hold Their Own". Discovery Channel. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2013-01-28. Diakses tanggal 19 Januari 2010.
↑  Wood, Gerald L. (1976). The Guinness Book of Animal Facts and Feats. Guinness Superlatives. hlm. 139–141. ISBN 978-0-900424-60-1.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8  Prothero, D. R. (2015). "Mega-Jaws". The Story of Life in 25 Fossils. New York, New York: Columbia University Press. hlm. 96–110. ISBN 978-0-231-17190-8. OCLC 897505111.
↑  Jacoby, D. M. P.; Siriwat, P.; Freeman, R.; Carbone, C. (2015). "Is the scaling of swim speed in sharks driven by metabolism?". Biology Letters. 12 (10): 20150781. doi:10.1098/rsbl.2015.0781. PMC 4707698 . PMID 26631246.
1 2 3  Ferrón, H. G. (2017). "Regional endothermy as a trigger for gigantism in some extinct macropredatory sharks". PLOS ONE. 12 (9): e0185185. Bibcode:2017PLoSO..1285185F. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0185185. PMC 5609766 . PMID 28938002.
↑  Crane, B. (2017). "A Prehistoric Killer, Buried in Muck". The New Yorker. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2018-06-25. Diakses tanggal 10 Desember 2017.
↑  Mustain, A. (2011). "For Sale: World's Largest Shark Jaws". LiveScience. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2019-03-09. Diakses tanggal 31 Agustus 2017.
↑  Helfman, G.; Burgess, G. H. (2014). Sharks: The Animal Answer Guide. Baltimore, Maryland: Johns Hopkins University Press. hlm. 19. ISBN 978-1-4214-1310-5. OCLC 903293986.
↑  Shimada, Kenshu (2002). "The relationship between the tooth size and total body length in the white shark, Carcharodon carcharias (Lamniformes: Lamnidae)". Journal of Fossil Research. 35 (2): 28–33.
1 2  Pimiento, Catalina; Gerardo González-Barba; Dana J. Ehret; Austin J. W. Hendy; Bruce J. MacFadden; Carlos Jaramillo (2013). "Sharks and Rays (Chondrichthyes, Elasmobranchii) from the Late Miocene Gatun Formation of Panama" (PDF). Journal of Paleontology. 87 (5): 755–774. doi:10.1666/12-117. Diarsipkan dari versi asli (PDF) tanggal 29 Oktober 2013.
1 2  Bendix-Almgreen, Svend Erik (1983). "Carcharodon megalodon from the Upper Miocene of Denmark, with comments on elasmobranch tooth enameloid: coronoïn" (PDF). Bulletin of the Geological Society of Denmark. 32: 1–32. Diarsipkan (PDF) dari versi asli tanggal 2011-07-19. Diakses tanggal 2018-11-07.
↑  Reolid, M.; Molina, J. M. (2015). "Record of Carcharocles megalodon in the Eastern Guadalquivir Basin (Upper Miocene, South Spain)". Estudios Geológicos. 71 (2): e032. doi:10.3989/egeol.41828.342. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2018-07-20. Diakses tanggal 2018-11-07.
↑  Uyeno, T.; Sakamoto, O.; Sekine, H. (1989). "The Description of an Almost Complete Tooth Set of Carcharodon megalodon from a Middle Miocene Bed in the Saitama Prefecture, Japan". Saitama Museum of Natural History Bulletin. 7: 73–85.
↑  Anderson, P.S.L.; Westneat, M. (2009). "A biomechanical model of feeding kinematics for Dunkleosteus terrelli (Arthrodira, Placodermi)". Paleobiology. 35 (2): 251–269. doi:10.1666/08011.1.
↑  "Megalodon Shark Facts and Information: The Details". fossilguy.com. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2019-06-02. Diakses tanggal 18 September 2017.
↑  Stringer, G. L.; King, L. (2012). "Late Eocene Shark Coprolites from the Yazoo Clay in Northeastern Louisiana". New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science, Bulletin 57. Vertebrate Corpolites: 301.
↑  Fitzgerald, Erich (2004). "A review of the Tertiary fossil Cetacea (Mammalia) localities in Australia" (PDF). Memoirs of Museum Victoria. 61 (2): 183–208. Diarsipkan dari versi asli (PDF) tanggal 23 Agustus 2008.
1 2 3  Aguilera O.; Augilera E. R. D. (2004). "Giant-toothed White Sharks and Wide-toothed Mako (Lamnidae) from the Venezuela Neogene: Their Role in the Caribbean, Shallow-water Fish Assemblage". Caribbean Journal of Science. 40 (3): 362–368. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2020-03-20. Diakses tanggal 2018-11-08.
↑  Carcharocles megalodon di situs fossilworks.org (retrieved 28 Agustus 2017)
↑  Martin, J. E.; Tacail, T.; Sylvain, A.; Catherine, G.; Vincent, B. (2015). "Calcium isotopes reveal the trophic position of extant and fossil elasmobranchs". Chemical Geology. 415: 118–125. Bibcode:2015ChGeo.415..118M. doi:10.1016/j.chemgeo.2015.09.011.
1 2 3  Collareta, A.; Lambert, O.; Landini, W.; Di Celma, C.; Malinverno, E.; Varas-Malca, R.; Urbina, M.; Bianucci, G. (2017). "Did the giant extinct shark Carcharocles megalodon target small prey? Bite marks on marine mammal remains from the late Miocene of Peru". Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology. 469: 84–91. doi:10.1016/j.palaeo.2017.01.001.
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↑  Landini, W.; Altamirano-Sera, A.; Collareta, A.; Di Celma, C.; Urbina, M.; Bianucci, G. (2017). "The late Miocene elasmobranch assemblage from Cerro Colorado (Pisco Formation, Peru)". Journal of South American Earth Sciences. 73: 168–190. Bibcode:2017JSAES..73..168L. doi:10.1016/j.jsames.2016.12.010.
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↑  Bianucci, Giovanni; Walter, Landini (2006). "Killer sperm whale: a new basal physeteroid (Mammalia, Cetacea) from the Late Miocene of Italy". Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. 148 (1): 103–131. doi:10.1111/j.1096-3642.2006.00228.x.
↑  Bianucci, G. (1997). "Hemisyntrachelus cortesii (Cetacea, Delphinidae) from the Pliocene Sediments of Campore Quarry (Salsomaggiori Terme, Italy)" (PDF). Diarsipkan (PDF) dari versi asli tanggal 2018-11-22. Diakses tanggal 2018-11-22.
↑  "Paleoecology of Megalodon and the White Shark". Biology of Sharks and Rays. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2018-06-25. Diakses tanggal 1 Oktober 2017.
↑  Tanke, Darren; Currie, Philip (1998). "Head-Biting Behaviour in Theropod Dinosaurs: Paleopathological Evidence" (PDF). Gaia N°15: 168. Diarsipkan (PDF) dari versi asli tanggal 2015-09-23. Diakses tanggal 2018-11-08.
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↑  Deméré, Thomas A.; Berta, Annalisa; McGowen, Michael R. (2005). "The taxonomic and evolutionary history of fossil and modern balaenopteroid mysticetes". Journal of Mammalian Evolution. 12 (1/2): 99–143. doi:10.1007/s10914-005-6944-3.
↑  "Identifican en Canarias fósiles de 'megalodón', el tiburón más grande que ha existido" [Identifying Canary fossils of 'megalodon', the largest shark that ever lived] (dalam bahasa Spanish). Europa Press Noticias SA. 2013. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2018-11-06. Diakses tanggal 29 Agustus 2017. Pemeliharaan CS1: Bahasa yang tidak diketahui (link)
↑  Dulvy, N. K.; Reynolds, J. D. (1997). "Evolutionary transitions among egg-laying, live-bearing and maternal inputs in sharks and rays". Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences. 264 (1386): 1309–1315. doi:10.1098/rspb.1997.0181. PMC 1688595 .
↑  Godfrey, Stephen (2004). "The Ecphora" (PDF). The Newsletter of Calvert Marine Museum Fossil Club. 19 (1): 1–13. Archived from the original on 10 Desember 2010. Pemeliharaan CS1: BOT: status url asli tidak diketahui (link)
↑  Kallal, R. J.; Godfrey, S. J.; Ortner, D. J. (27 Agustus 2010). "Bone Reactions on a Pliocene Cetacean Rib Indicate Short-Term Survival of Predation Event". International Journal of Osteoarchaeology. 22 (3): 253–260. doi:10.1002/oa.1199.
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1 2  Collareta, A.; Lambert, O.; Landini, W.; Bianucci, G. (2017). "Did the giant extinct shark Carcharocles megalodon target small prey? Bite marks on marine mammal remains from the late Miocene of Peru". Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology. 469: 84–91. doi:10.1016/j.palaeo.2017.01.001.
↑  Dooly A.C.; Nicholas C. F.; Luo Z. X. (2006). "The earliest known member of the rorqual—gray whale clade (Mammalia, Cetacea)". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 24 (2): 453–463. doi:10.1671/2401. JSTOR 4524731.
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↑  Slater, G. J.; Goldbogen, J. A.; Pyenson, N. D. (2017). "Independent evolution of baleen whale gigantism linked to Plio-Pleistocene ocean dynamics". Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences. 284 (1855): 20170546. doi:10.1098/rspb.2017.0546. PMC 5454272 . PMID 28539520.
↑  Sylvain, Adnet; A. C. Balbino; M. T. Antunes; J. M. Marín-Ferrer (2010). "New fossil teeth of the White Shark (Carcharodon carcharias) from the Early Pliocene of Spain. Implication for its paleoecology in the Mediterranean". Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie. 256 (1): 7–16. doi:10.1127/0077-7749/2009/0029.
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