Biologi
Catatan kaki

↑  "Entri: ilnu hayat". KBBI VI. Diakses tanggal 2024-08-06.
↑  Berdasarkan definisi dari Aquarena Wetlands Project glossary of terms. Diarsipkan 2004-06-08 di Wayback Machine.
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↑  "Life Science, Weber State Museum of Natural Science". Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2013-07-27. Diakses tanggal 2013-09-11.
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↑  Richards, Robert J. (2002). The Romantic Conception of Life: Science and Philosophy in the Age of Goethe. University of Chicago Press. ISBN 0-226-71210-9.
↑  Magner, A History of the Life Sciences
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↑  Magner, A History of the Life Sciences, pp 133–144
↑  Sapp, Genesis, chapter 7; Coleman, Biology in the Nineteenth Century, bab 2
↑  Mayr, The Growth of Biological Thought, chapter 4
↑  Mayr, The Growth of Biological Thought, bab 7
↑  Gould (2002), hal. 187.
↑  Lamarck (1914)
↑  Mayr, The Growth of Biological Thought, chapter 10: "Darwin's evidence for evolution and common descent"; and chapter 11: "The causation of evolution: natural selection"; Larson, Evolution, chapter 3
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↑  Packard, Alpheus Spring (1901). Lamarck, the founder of Evolution: his life and work with translations of his writings on organic evolution. New York: Longmans, Green. ISBN 0-405-12562-3.
↑  The Complete Works of Darwin Online–Biography. Diarsipkan 2007-01-07 di Wayback Machine. darwin-online.org.uk. Retrieved on 2006-12-15
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↑  As Darwinian scholar Joseph Carroll of the University of Missouri–St. Louis puts it in his introduction to a modern reprint of Darwin's work: "The Origin of Species has special claims on our attention. It is one of the two or three most significant works of all time—one of those works that fundamentally and permanently alter our vision of the world ... It is argued with a singularly rigorous consistency but it is also eloquent, imaginatively evocative, and rhetorically compelling." Carroll, Joseph, ed. (2003). On the origin of species by means of natural selection. Peterborough, Ontario: Broadview. hlm. 15. ISBN 1-55111-337-6.
↑  Shermer hal. 149.
↑  Darwin, Charles (1859). On the Origin of Species, 1st, John Murray
↑  Simpson, George Gaylord (1967). The Meaning of Evolution (edisi ke-Second). Yale University Press. ISBN 0-300-00952-6.
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↑  Raven, PH; Johnson, GB. Biology, Fifth Edition, Boston: Hill Companies, Inc. 1999. page 1058.
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↑  Smith, A. L. (1997). Oxford dictionary of biochemistry and molecular biology. Oxford [Oxfordshire]: Oxford University Press. hlm. 508. ISBN 0-19-854768-4. Photosynthesis–the synthesis by organisms of organic chemical compounds, esp. carbohydrates, from carbon dioxide using energy obtained from light rather than the oxidation of chemical compounds.
↑  Katrina Edwards. Microbiology of a Sediment Pond and the Underlying Young, Cold,
Hydrologically Active Ridge Flank. Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution.
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↑  James H. Sang (2001-06-23). "Drosophila melanogaster: The Fruit Fly".  Dalam Eric C. R. Reeve. Encyclopedia of genetics. USA: Fitzroy Dearborn Publishers, I. hlm. 157. ISBN 978-1-884964-34-3. Diakses tanggal 2009-07-01.
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↑  Rensink WA, Buell CR (2004). "Arabidopsis to Rice. Applying Knowledge from a Weed to Enhance Our Understanding of a Crop Species". Plant Physiol. 135 (2): 622–9. doi:10.1104/pp.104.040170. PMC 514098 . PMID 15208410.
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↑  Vassiliki Betta Smocovitis Unifiying Biology: the evolutionary synthesis and evolutionary biology ISBN 0-691-03343-9.
↑  Neill, Campbell (1996). Biology; Fourth edition. The Benjamin/Cummings Publishing Company. hlm. G-21 (Glossary). ISBN 0-8053-1940-9.
↑  Douglas, Futuyma (1998). Evolutionary Biology; Third edition. Sinauer Associates. hlm. 88. ISBN 0-87893-189-9.
↑  Margulis, L (1997). Five Kingdoms: An Illustrated Guide to the Phyla of Life on Earth (edisi ke-3rd). WH Freeman & Co. ISBN 978-0-7167-3183-2. OCLC 223623098 237138975 Periksa nilai |oclc= (bantuan).  Parameter |coauthors= yang tidak diketahui mengabaikan (|author= yang disarankan) (bantuan)
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↑  Habitats of the world. New York: Marshall Cavendish. 2004. hlm. 238. ISBN 978-0-7614-7523-1.
↑  Black, J (2002). "Darwin in the world of emotions" (Free full text). Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine. 95 (6): 311–3. doi:10.1258/jrsm.95.6.311. ISSN 0141-0768. PMC 1279921 . PMID 12042386. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2016-08-10. Diakses tanggal 2013-09-12.  Parameter |month= yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (bantuan)
↑  Wiley, 1981
↑  Odum, Eugene P.; Barrett, Gary W. (2005). Fundamentals of ecology (edisi ke-5th ed). Belmont, CA: Thomson Brooks/Cole. ISBN 978-0-534-42066-6. Pemeliharaan CS1: Teks tambahan (link)
↑  Chapin, F. Stuart; Matson, P. A.; Mooney, Harold A.; Chapin, Melissa C. (2005). Principles of terrestrial ecosystem ecology (edisi ke-Nachdr.). New York, NY: Springer. ISBN 978-0-387-95443-1.
↑  Odum, Eugene P.; Barrett, Gary W. (2005). Fundamentals of ecology (edisi ke-5th ed). Belmont, CA: Thomson Brooks/Cole. ISBN 978-0-534-42066-6. Pemeliharaan CS1: Teks tambahan (link)
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↑  Wootton, J. Timothy; Emmerson, Mark (2005-12-15). "Measurement of Interaction Strength in Nature". Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution, and Systematics (dalam bahasa Inggris). 36 (Volume 36, 2005): 419–444. doi:10.1146/annurev.ecolsys.36.091704.175535. ISSN 1543-592X.
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↑  Sahney, Sarda; Benton, Michael J. (2008-04-07). "Recovery from the most profound mass extinction of all time". Proceedings. Biological Sciences. 275 (1636): 759–765. doi:10.1098/rspb.2007.1370. ISSN 0962-8452. PMC 2596898 . PMID 18198148.
↑  Soulé, Michael E.; Wilcox, Bruce A., ed. (1980). Conservation biology: an evolutionary-ecological perspective. Sunderland, Mass: Sinauer Associates. ISBN 978-0-87893-800-1.
1 2  Hunter, Malcolm L. (1996). Fundamentals of conservation biology. Cambridge, Mass: Blackwell Science. ISBN 978-0-86542-371-8.
1 2  Groom, Martha J.; Meffe, Gary K.; Carroll, C. Ronald, ed. (2006). Principles of conservation biology (edisi ke-3. ed). Sunderland, MA: Sinauer Associates. ISBN 978-0-87893-518-5. Pemeliharaan CS1: Teks tambahan (link)
1 2  Van Dyke, Fred (2008). Conservation biology: foundations, concepts, applications. United States: Springer. ISBN 978-1-4020-6890-4.
↑  Soulé, Michael E., ed. (1986). Conservation biology: the science of scarcity and diversity. Sunderland, Mass: Sinauer Associates. ISBN 978-0-87893-794-3.
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