Pelayaran Christopher Columbus
Rujukan

↑  The Fate of Greenland's Vikings Diarsipkan 11 January 2011 di Wayback Machine., oleh Dale Mackenzie Brown, Archaeological Institute of America, 28 Februari 2000. Diakses tanggal 26 September 2020.
↑  Morison 1991, hlm. 25–26, 33, 383.
↑  Wahlgren, Erik (1986). The Vikings and America. New York: Thames and Hudson. ISBN 0-500-02109-0.
↑  Curran, James Watson (1939). Here was Vinland: The Great Lakes Region of America (dalam bahasa Inggris). Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario: Sault Daily Star. hlm. 207.
↑  Weaver, Jace (2011). The red atlantic. American Indian Quarterly. hlm. 418–463, 477.
↑  Jeakle, Will (2020-10-11). "Six Things You Didn't Know About Christopher Columbus". Forbes (dalam bahasa Inggris). Diakses tanggal 2020-10-14.
↑  Jensen, De Ladickmar (1992), Renaissance Europe 2nd ed. hlm. 341
↑  Morison 1991, hlm. 34, 58, 63–64.
↑  Columbus 1893, hlm. 20.
↑  Hannam, James (2010-05-18). "Science Versus Christianity?". Patheos.com (dalam bahasa Inggris). Diakses tanggal 05 September 2020.  Periksa nilai tanggal di: |access-date= (bantuan)
↑  Boller, Paul F (1995). Not So!:Popular Myths about America from Columbus to Clinton. New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-509186-1.
1 2  Russell, Jeffrey Burton (1991). Inventing the Flat Earth. Columbus and modern historians, Praeger, New York, Westport, London 1991.
↑  Zinn 2003, hlm. 2.
↑  Sagan, Carl. Cosmos; panjang keliling Bumi adalah 40.041 km (sekitar 22.000 mil laut atau 25.000 mil).
1 2 3  Morison 1991, hlm. 65.
↑  "Marco Polo et le Livre des Merveilles", ISBN 978-2-35404-007-9 hlm. 37
↑  Dyson 1991, hlm. 67–68.
↑  Morison 1991, hlm. 68.
↑  Morison 1991, hlm. 59.
↑  Morison 1991, hlm. 157.
↑  Morison 1991, hlm. 132.
↑  Morison 1991, hlm. 314.
↑  Morison 1991, hlm. 198–199.
↑  Morison 1991, hlm. 68–70.
↑  Dyson 1991, hlm. 84.
↑  Murphy & Coye 2013, hlm. 34, 38.
↑  Durant, Will; Durant, Ariel (1957). The Story of Civilization Jld. VI, The Reformation. New York: Simon & Schuster. ISBN 0-671-61050-3. hlm. 260.
↑  Dyson 1991, hlm. 92.
1 2 3  Phillips, Jr & Phillips 1992, hlm. 131–32.
↑  1941-, Kritzler, Edward (2008). Jewish Pirates of the Caribbean: How a Generation of Swashbuckling Jews Carved Out an Empire in the New World in Their Quest for Treasure, Religious Freedom—and Revenge (edisi ke-First). New York. hlm. 13–16. ISBN 9780385513982. OCLC 191922741.
↑  Stuart, Isabella of Castile: The First Renaissance Queen, 2004, hlm. 295.
1 2  Dyson 1991, hlm. 102.
↑  "The Original Niña". The Niña & Pinta. British Virgin Islands: The Columbus Foundation. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 26 May 2015. Diakses tanggal 12 Oktober 2013.  Parameter |url-status= yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (bantuan)
↑  Phillips, Jr & Phillips 1992, hlm. 145.
↑  Tharoor, Shashi (8 December 2014). "Trying to discover India". Outlook India. Diakses tanggal 25 Oktober 2016.
↑  Columbus 1893, hlm. 19.
↑  Columbus 1893, hlm. 19–20.
1 2  Columbus 1893, hlm. 20–22.
↑  Phillips, Jr & Phillips 1992, hlm. 147.
↑  Review by Carla Rahn Phillips, Renaissance Quarterly, Jld. 44, No. 3. (Musim Gugur, 1991), hlmn. 572–574.The Diario of Christopher Columbus's First Voyage to America 1492–93, Abstracted by Fray Bartolomé de Las Casas. oleh Oliver Dunn; James E. Kelley, Jr.
↑  Peter J. Smith & Joseph Needham, "Magnetic Declination in Mediaeval China", Nature 214, 1213–1214 (17 Juni 1967); DOI:10.1038/2141213b0.
↑  Sivin, Nathan (1984). "Why the Scientific Revolution Did Not Take Place in China – Or Didn't It?" dalam Transformation and Tradition in the Sciences: Essays in Honor of I. Bernard Cohen, 531–555, disunting Everett Mendelsohn. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-52485-7. Jld. III, hlm. 22.
↑  Pickering, Keith A. (August 1994). "Columbus's Plana landfall: Evidence for the Plana Cays as Columbus's 'San Salvador'" (PDF). DIO – The International Journal of Scientific History. 4 (1): 13–32. Diakses tanggal 16 March 2009.
1 2 3  Morison 1991, hlm. 228.
↑  Nicholls, Steve (2009). Paradise Found: Nature in America at the Time of Discovery. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. hlm. 103–104. ISBN 978-0-226-58340-2.
1 2  Morison 1991, hlm. 223–225.
↑  Columbus 1893, hlm. 35.
1 2 3  Morison 1991, hlm. 226.
↑  Columbus 1893, hlm. 36.
↑  Clements R. Markham (penyunting),A People's History Of The United States 1492–Present, HarperCollins, 2001, hlm. 2.
↑  Bergreen 2011, hlm. 99.
↑  William D. Phillips Jr., 'Columbus, Christopher', in David Buisseret (ed.), The Oxford Companion to World Exploration, (Oxford: Oxford University Press, edisi daring 2012).
↑  Robert H. Fuson, (penyunting), The Log of Christopher Columbus, Tab Books, 1992, International Marine Publishing, ISBN 0-87742-316-4.
↑  Hoxie, Frederick (1996). Encyclopedia of North American Indians. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Co. hlm. 568. ISBN 978-0-395-66921-1.
↑  Herbst, Philip (1997). The Color of Words: An Encyclopaedic Dictionary of Ethnic Bias in the United States. Intercultural Press. hlm. 116. ISBN 978-1-877864-97-1. Diakses tanggal 28 Februari 2016.
↑  Wilton, David (2004). Word Myths: Debunking Linguistic Urban Legends. Oxford University Press. hlm. 164–165. ISBN 978-0-19-517284-3.
↑  Morison 1991, hlm. 381.
↑  Rouse, Irving (1992). The Taínos: Rise and Decline of the People Who Greeted Columbus. Yale University Press. ISBN 0-300-05696-6.
↑  Zinn 2003, hlm. 1–22
1 2  Morison 1991, hlm. 145.
↑  Maclean, Frances (January 2008). "The Lost Fort of Columbus". Smithsonian Magazine. Diakses tanggal 24 Januari 2008.
↑  Fuson, Robert. The Log of Christopher Columbus (Camden, International Marine, 1987) 173.
↑  Yewell, John; Chris Dodge (1992). Confronting Columbus: An Anthology. Jefferson, NC: McFarland & Company. hlm. 33. ISBN 978-0-89950-696-8. Diakses tanggal 28 Februari 2016.
↑  Columbus 1893, hlm. 159–60.
↑  Oliver Dunn & James Kelly. The Diario of Christopher Columbus's First Voyage to America (London: University of Oklahoma Press), 333–343.
↑  Morison 1991, hlm. 313–14.
↑  Morison 1991, hlm. 315.
1 2  Catz, Rebecca (1990-01-01). "Columbus in the Azores". Portuguese Studies. 6: 17–23. JSTOR 41104900.
↑  Turner, 2004, hlm. 11
↑  Fernández-Armesto 2007, hlm. 54.
↑  Columbus, Christopher (2006). "Letter of Christopher Columbus to Luis de St. Angel on his first voyage to America, 1492" (PDF). National Humanities Center. Diakses tanggal 2020-09-27.
↑  Matthew Edney (1996, revisi 2009), "The Columbus Letter: The Diffusion of Columbus's Letter through Europe, 1493–1497" daring di Universitas Maine Selatan (diakses tanggal 27 September 2020).
↑  Zinn 2003, hlm. 3.
↑  Morison 1991, hlm. 498–501.
↑  Morison 1991, hlm. 391.
↑  Bergreen 2011, hlm. 128.
↑  M.ª Montserrat León Guerrero. "Pasajeros del Segundo Viaje de Cristóbal Colón Diarsipkan 2013-05-13 di Wayback Machine." ["Passengers of the Second Voyage of Christopher Columbus"]. (dalam bahasa Spanyol)
↑  Pickering, Keith A. Kapal-kapal Kolumbus, diarsipkan dari aslinya. 1997. Diakses tanggal 21 Mei 2012.
↑  Morison 1991, hlm. 414.
1 2 3  Morison 1991, hlm. 417.
1 2  Morison 1991, hlm. 422.
1 2 3  Phillips, Jr & Phillips 1992, hlm. 197–98.
↑  Horwitz, Tony (2008). A Voyage Long and Strange: Rediscovering the New World (edisi ke-1). New York: Henry Holt and Co. hlm. 69. ISBN 978-0-8050-7603-5. OCLC 180989602.
↑  Cohen, J.M. (1969). The Four Voyages of Christopher Columbus. NY: Penguin. hlm. 139. ISBN 978-0-14-044217-5.
↑  Phillips, Jr & Phillips 1992, hlm. 197.
1 2  Morison 1991, hlm. 423.
1 2  Morison 1991, hlm. 424.
↑  Morison 1991, hlm. 426–27.
↑  Morison 1991, hlm. 428.