Gustav Robert Kirchhoff
Hukum Kirchhoff dalam spektroskopi

Bila suatu benda cair atau gas bertekanan tinggi dipijarkan, akan menghasilkan cahaya dengan spektrum kontinu.
Bila suatu benda gas bertekanan rendah dipijarkan, akan menghasilkan cahaya dengan spektrum emisi, berupa garis-garis terang pada panjang gelombang yang diskret (pada warna tertentu) bergantung pada tingkatan energi atom-atom yang dikandung gas tersebut.
Bila spektrum kontinu dilewatkan pada suatu benda gas dingin bertekanan rendah, akan menghasilkan cahaya dengan spektrum serapan, berupa garis-garis gelap pada panjang gelombang yang diskret bergantung pada tingkatan energi atom-atom yang dikandung gas dingin tersebut.
| l b Daftar penerima Medali Davy |
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1877–1900:  R.W Bunsen / Gustav R. Kirchhoff (1877)  Louis P. Cailletet / Raoul Pictet (1878)  Paul Emile (1879)  Charles Friedel (1880)  Adolf von Baeyer (1881)  Dmitri Mendeleev / Lothar Meyer (1882)  Marcellin Berthelot / Julius Thomsen (1883)  Adolph W.H Kolbe (1884)  Jean S. Stas (1885)  Jean Charles (1886)  John Alexander (1887)  William Crookes (1888)  William H. Perkin (1889)  Emil Fischer (1890)  Victor Meyer (1891)  Francois Marie Raoult (1892)  Jacobus Henricus / Joseph Le Bel (1893)  Per Theodor Cleve (1894)  William Ramsay (1895)  Henri Moissan (1896)  John Hall Gladstone (1897)  Johannes Wislicenus (1898)  Edward Schunck (1899)  Guglielmo Koerner (1900) 
1901–1925:  George Downing Living (1901)  Svante Arrhenius (1902)  Pierre Curie / Marie Curie (1903)  William Henry (1904)  Albert Ladenburg (1905)  Rudolf Fittig (1906)  Edward W. Morley (1907)  William A. Tilden (1908)  James Dewar (1909)  Theodore W. Richards (1910)  Henry E. Armstrong (1911)  Otto Wallach (1912)  Raphael Meldola (1913)  William Jackson Pope (1914)  Paul Sabatier (1915)  Henry Louis (1916)  Albin Haller (1917)  F. Stanley Kipping (1918)  Percy F. Frankland (1919)  Charles T. Heycock (1920)  Philippe A. Guye (1921)  Jocelyn Field Thorpe (1922)  Herbert Brereton Baker (1923)  Arthur George Perkin (1924)  James Irvine (1925) 
1926–1950:  James Walker (1926)  Arthur Amos Noyes (1927)  Frederick George Donnan (1928)  Gilbert Newton Lewis (1929)  Robert Robinson (1930)  Arthur Lapworth (1931)  Richard Willstätter (1932)  William Hobson Mills (1933)  Norman Haworth (1934)  Arthur Harden (1935)  William Arthur Bone (1936)  Hans Fischer (1937)  George Barger (1938)  James William McBain (1939)  Harold C. Urey (1940)  Henry Drysdale Dakin (1941)  Sir Cyril Hinshelwood (1942)  Ian Morris Heilbron (1943)  Robert Robertson (1944)  Roger Adams (1945)  Christopher Kelk Ingold (1946)  Linus Pauling (1947)  Edmund Langley Hirst (1948)  Alexander R. Todd (1949)  John Simonsen (1950) 
1951–1975:  Eric Rideal (1951)  Alexander Robertson (1952)  John Lennard-Jones (1953)  James Wilfred Cook (1954)  Harry Work Melville (1955)  Robert Downs Haworth (1956)  Kathleen Lonsdale (1957)  Ronald G. W. Norrish (1958)  Robert B. Woodward (1959)  John Monteath Robertson (1960)  Derek Barton (1961)  Harry Julius Emeléus (1962)  Edmund John Bowen (1963)  Melvin Calvin (1964)  Harold Warris Thompson (1965)  Ewart Jones (1966)  Vladimir Prelog (1967)  John Cornforth / George Joseph Popjak (1968)  Frederick Sydney Dainton (1969)  Charles Alfred Coulson (1970)  George Porter (1971)  Arthur John Birch (1972)  John Stuart Anderson (1973)  James Baddiley (1974)  Theodore Morris Sugden (1975) 
1976–2000:  Rex Edward Richards (1976)  Alan Rushton Battersby (1977)  Albert Eschenmoser (1978)  Joseph Chatt (1979)  Alan Woodworth Johnson (1980)  Ralph Alexander Raphael (1981)  Michael J. S. Dewar (1982)  Duilio Arigoni (1983)  Sam Edwards (1984)  Jack Lewis (1985)  Alexander George Ogston (1986)  Alec John Jeffreys (1987)  John Pople (1988)  F. Gordon A. Stone (1989)  Keith Usherwood Ingold (1990)  Jeremy R. Knowles (1991)  Alan Carrington (1992)  Jack E. Baldwin (1993)  John Meurig Thomas (1994)  M. L. H. Green (1995)  Geoffrey Wilkinson (1996)  Jean-Marie Lehn (1997)  Alan Roy Fersht (1998)  Malcolm Harold Chisholm (1999)  Steven Victor Ley (2000) 
2001–sekarang:  Alastair Ian Scott (2001)  Neil Bartlett (2002)  Roger Parsons (2003)  Takeshi Oka (2004)  Chris Dobson (2005)  Martin Pope (2006)  John Simons (2007)  James Fraser Stoddart (2008)  Jeremy Sanders (2009)  Carol Robinson (2010)  Ahmed Zewail (2011)  Fraser Armstrong (2012)  Graham Hutchings (2013)  Clare Grey (2014)  Gideon John Davies (2015)  Stephen Mann (2016)  Matthew Rosseinsky (2017)  John Pyle (2018)  Varinder Aggarwal (2019) 
| Pengawasan otoritas  |
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Umum:  Integrated Authority File (Jerman)  ISNI 1  VIAF 1  WorldCat (via VIAF) 
Perpustakaan nasional:  Norwegia  Prancis (data) 2 (data)  Catalunya  Amerika Serikat  Jepang  Republik Ceko  Australia  Yunani  Belanda  Polandia 
Basis data ilmiah:  CiNii (Jepang)  Mathematics Genealogy Project 
Lain-lain:  Faceted Application of Subject Terminology  RERO (Swiss) 1  Social Networks and Archival Context  SUDOC (Prancis) 1  Trove (Australia) 1