Kebangkitan dunia Arab
Catatan kaki

↑  Korotayev A., Zinkina J. Egyptian Revolution: A Demographic Structural Analysis. Entelequia. Revista Interdisciplinar 13 (2011): 139–169.
↑  "Middle East In Revolt". 11 February 2011. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2011-06-06. Diakses tanggal 11 February 2011.
↑  Peterson, Scott (11 February 2011). "Egypt's revolution redefines what's possible in the Arab world". Christian Science Monitor. Diakses tanggal 12 June 2011.
↑  Spencer, Richard (23 February 2011). "Libya: civil war breaks out as Gaddafi mounts rearguard fight". The Telegraph. Diakses tanggal 12 June 2011.
↑  McLean, Jesse (16 February 2011). "Death turns 'harmless man' into Bahrain uprising's martyr". The Toronto Star. Diakses tanggal 12 June 2011.
↑  "'It Will Not Stop': Syrian Uprising Continues Despite Crackdown". Der Spiegel. 28 March 2011. Diakses tanggal 12 June 2011.
↑  Bakri, Nada; Goodman, J. David (28 January 2011). "Thousands in Yemen Protest Against the Government". The New York Times
↑  "Algeria protest draws thousands". CBC News. 12 February 2011. Diakses tanggal 12 June 2011.
↑  McCrummen, Stephanie (25 February 2011). "13 killed in Iraq's 'Day of Rage' protests". The Washington Post. Diakses tanggal 12 June 2011.
↑  "Thousands protest in Jordan". Al Jazeera English. 28 January 2011. Diakses tanggal 12 June 2011.
↑  "Morocco King on holiday as people consider revolt". Afrol.com. 2011. Diakses tanggal 1 February 2011.
↑  Vaidya, Sunil (27 February 2011). "One dead, dozen injured as Oman protest turns ugly". Gulf News. Diakses tanggal 12 June 2011.
↑  "Kuwaiti stateless protest for third day". Middle East Online. 20 February 2011. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2011-02-22. Diakses tanggal 12 June 2011.
↑  "Lebanon: Protests against Sectarian Political System". Reuters. 27 February 2011. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2011-11-24. Diakses tanggal 8 March 2011.
↑  Humphrey, Shawn (24 February 2011). "Benin, Senegal, Mauritania Impacted by Protest Movements". Yahoo!. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2011-03-02. Diakses tanggal 25 February 2011.
↑  "Man dies after setting himself on fire in Saudi Arabia". BBC News. 23 January 2011. Diakses tanggal 29 January 2011.
↑  "Sudan opposition leader arrested". IR: Press TV. 19 January 2011. Diakses tanggal 29 January 2011.
↑  "New clashes in occupied Western Sahara". Afrol. 27 February 2011. Diakses tanggal 12 June 2011.
↑  "Syria Blocks New Border Protest as Death Toll Rises to 23". FOX News. 6 June 2011. Diakses tanggal 12 June 2011.
↑  "The Arab Uprising's Cascading Effects". Miller-mccune.com. 23 February 2011. Diakses tanggal 27 February 2011.
↑  "Many wounded as Moroccan police beat protestors". Reuters. 23 May 2011. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2012-01-10. Diakses tanggal 12 June 2011.
↑  "Syria's crackdown". The Irish Times. 31 May 2011. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2012-09-08. Diakses tanggal 12 June 2011.
↑  "Bahrain troops lay siege to protesters' camp". CBS News. 16 March 2011. Diakses tanggal 12 June 2011.
↑  "Syria clampdown on protests mirrors Egypt's as thugs join attcks". Ahram Online. 19 April 2011. Diakses tanggal 12 June 2011.
↑  Almasmari, Hakim (17 March 2011). "Yemeni government supporters attack protesters, injuring hundreds". The Washington Post. Diakses tanggal 12 June 2011.
↑  "Libya Protests: Gaddafi Militia Opens Fire On Demonstrators". The Huffington Post. 24 February 2011. Diakses tanggal 12 June 2011.
↑  Uriel Abulof (10 March 2011). "What Is the Arab Third Estate?". The Huffington Post. Diakses tanggal 1 May 2011.
↑  Hardy, Roger (2 February 2011). "Egypt protests: an Arab spring as old order crumbles". BBC. Diakses tanggal 9 March 2011.
↑  Smith, Kate (8 March 2011). "Arab 'spring' a chance for U.S. to rewrite relationships". San Angelo Standard-Times. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2011-07-11. Diakses tanggal 9 March 2011.
↑  Moisi, Dominique (26 January 2011). "An Arab Spring?". Project Syndicate. Diakses tanggal 9 March 2011.
↑  Khalidi, Rashid (3 March 2011). "http://www.thenation.com/article/158991/arab-spring". The Nation. Diakses tanggal 9 March 2011.  Hapus pranala luar di parameter |title= (bantuan)
↑  Ashley, Jackie (6 March 2011). "The Arab spring requires a defiantly European reply". The Guardian. UK. Diakses tanggal 9 March 2011.
↑  "Arab Spring – Who lost Egypt?". The Economist. 1 March 2011. Diakses tanggal 9 March 2011.
↑  Miller, Aaron. "What Is Israel's Next Move In The New Middle East?". Moment Magazine. Moment Magazine. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2011-05-06. Diakses tanggal 5/6/2011.  Periksa nilai tanggal di: |accessdate= (bantuan)
↑   http://english.aljazeera.net/indepth/spotlight/2011/02/2011222121213770475.html.  Tidak memiliki atau tanpa |title= (bantuan)"Salinan arsip". Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2012-07-18. Diakses tanggal 2011-08-23. "The Arab awakening reaches Syria". The Economist.
↑   http://www.thenation.com/blog/158670/arab-uprisings-what-february-20-protests-tell-us-about-morocco.  Tidak memiliki atau tanpa |title= (bantuan) http://www.economist.com/node/18332630.  Tidak memiliki atau tanpa |title= (bantuan)
↑  Fahim, Kareem (22 January 2011). "Slap to a Man's Pride Set Off Tumult in Tunisia". The New York Times. Diakses tanggal 1 February 2011.
↑  Noueihed, Lin (19 January 2011). "Peddler's martyrdom launched Tunisia's revolution". UK: Reuters. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2011-02-09. Diakses tanggal 1 February 2011.
↑  Raghavan, Sudarsan (27 January 2011). "Inspired by Tunisia and Egypt, Yemenis join in anti-government protests". The Washington Post. Diakses tanggal 1 February 2011.
↑  "Yemenis square off in rival 'Day of Rage' protests". Arab News. 3 February 2011. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2011-07-07. Diakses tanggal 6 February 2011.
↑  "Police in south Yemen disperse 'day of rage' protests". Hosted news. Aden, Yemen: Google. Agence Presse-France. 11 February 2011. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2011-12-23. Diakses tanggal 13 February 2011.
↑  White, Gregory (13 February 2011). "Bahrain Now Bracing For Its Own Day Of Rage After Giving Every Family $2,660 Fails". Business Insider. Diakses tanggal 13 February 2011.
↑  "Party: Bashir is not standing for re-election". Gulf Times. 22 February 2011. Diakses tanggal 22 February 2011.
↑  "Iraq PM plans no re-election". Suara Rusia. 5 February 2011. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2012-01-11. Diakses tanggal 27 February 2011.
↑  "Iraq angered protesters call for Maliki resignation". Alsumaria. 26 February 2011. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2011-09-25. Diakses tanggal 27 February 2011.
↑  "Jordanians stage anti-gov't sit-in in Amman". Xinhua. 30 January 2011. Diakses tanggal 13 April 2011.
↑  "Jordan king appoints new PM, government quits". Reuters. 1 February 2011. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2011-02-04. Diakses tanggal 2 February 2011.
↑  Worth, Robert F. (23 April 2011). "President of Yemen Offers to Resign for Immunity". The New York Times. Diakses tanggal 24 April 2011.
↑  Almasmari, Hakim (26 April 2011). "Yemen Protesters Accept Deal". The Wall Street Journal. Diakses tanggal 27 April 2011.
↑  Abu-Nasr, Donna (2 May 2011). "Yemen Accord Signing Has Been Postponed, Gulf Official Says". Bloomberg. Diakses tanggal 5 May 2011.
↑  "Libyan govt says Gaddafi won't step down". The Times Of India. The Times of India. 5 April 2011. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2012-03-01. Diakses tanggal 5 May 2011.
↑  AFP 27 January 2011 (1986-01-28). "Unrest across the Arab world". The Vancouver Sun. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2011-01-31. Diakses tanggal 29 January 2011.
↑  "Arab protests attract Nobel interest: News24: World: News". News24. 31 January 2011. Diakses tanggal 8 February 2011.
↑  "Tunisia President Ben Ali 'will not seek new term'". BBC News. 13 January 2011.
↑  "Tunisia forms national unity government amid unrest". BBC News. 17 January 2011.
↑  Al-Jazeera English (9 March 2011). "Tunisia dissolves Ben Ali party". Diakses tanggal 9 March 2011.
↑  "Tunisia election delayed until October 23". Reuters. 8 June 2011. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2015-10-01. Diakses tanggal 8 June 2011.
↑  "Tunisia protests against Ben Ali left 300 dead, says UN". BBC News. 1 February 2011.
↑  "4 dead in Tunisia after renewed violence". CTV News. 27 February 2011. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2011-02-28. Diakses tanggal 2011-08-22.
↑  "Witnesses: Libya army says Benghazi 'liberated' from pro-Ghadafi forces". Haaretz. 20 February 2011. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2011-02-22. Diakses tanggal 2011-08-22.
↑  Drogin, Bob; Abdulrahim, Raja (23 February 2011). "Libyan opposition reportedly seizes city of Misurata". Los Angeles Times. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2011-02-24. Diakses tanggal 2011-08-22.
↑  Drogin, Bob; Abdulrahim, Raja (23 February 2011). "Libyan opposition reportedly seizes key western city". Los Angeles Times.
↑  "Libya opposition forms council, reject Gaddafi talks". World Bulletin. 27 February 2011.
↑  "Ferocious battles in Libya as national council meets for first time". NewsCore. 6 March 2011. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2019-08-22. Diakses tanggal 6 March 2011.
↑  "Libya: Coalition launches attacks". BBC News. 20 March 2011. Diakses tanggal 19 March 2011.
↑  "Liberation with celebrations". ABC News. Diakses tanggal 2011-10-23.
↑  Coker, Margaret (24 October 2011). "Interim Government to Declare Libya Liberated". Wall Street Journal. Diakses tanggal 2011-10-23.
↑  "Libya declares nation liberated after Gaddafi death". The Jerusalem Post. Diakses tanggal 2011-10-23.
↑  "Residents flee Gaddafi hometown". News.smh.com.au. 3 October 2011. Diakses tanggal 28 October 2011.
↑  Karin Laub (8 September 2011). "Libyan estimate: At least 30,000 died in the war". San Francisco Chronicle. Associated Press. Diakses tanggal 9 September 2011.
↑  "Algeria's state of emergency is officially lifted". Bloomberg L.P. 24 February 2011. Diakses tanggal 25 February 2011.
↑  "Algeria repeals emergency law – Middle East". Al Jazeera English. Diakses tanggal 23 February 2011.
↑  Obama Poised to Step Up Criticism of Mubarak If Crackdown Is Intensified – Bloomberg
↑  "Lebanese condemn Israeli agression against protesters". yalibnan.com. 15 May 2011. Diakses tanggal 23 June 2011.
↑  "Clashes in Lebanon's Tripoli leave six dead". nowlebanon.com. 17 June 2011. Diakses tanggal 23 June 2011.
↑  "Arrest warrants issued over Tripoli clashes". www.dailystar.com.lb. 22 June 2011. Diakses tanggal 23 June 2011.
↑  Blomfield, Adrian (1 February 2011). "King Abdullah II of Jordan sacks government amid street protests". London: The Telegraph.
↑  "Salinan arsip". Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2011-08-19. Diakses tanggal 2011-08-22.
↑  http://english.aljazeera.net/news/middleeast/2011/02/201121821116689870.html
↑  Mauritania's Bouazizi died today
↑  Sudan's Bashir will not stand in next election: party official, AFP, 21 February 2011.
↑  "Sudanese student dies after protests-activists". Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2011-02-09. Diakses tanggal 2011-08-22.
↑  "Oman ups minimum monthly wages to $520 for nationals, Oman Economy – Maktoob News". En.news.maktoob.com. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2011-07-14. Diakses tanggal 27 February 2011.
↑  "Sit-in in Sohar town forces hypermarkets to close down". gulfnews. Diakses tanggal 27 February 2011.
↑  "Oman takes measures to address public grievances". Khaleejtimes.com. 27 February 2011. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2015-01-12. Diakses tanggal 6 March 2011.
↑  (AFP) – 1 day ago. "AFP: Oman boosts student benefits". Google.com. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2011-12-22. Diakses tanggal 27 February 2011.
↑  "Oman shuffles cabinet amid protests – Middle East". Al Jazeera English. Diakses tanggal 27 February 2011.
↑  Al-Jazeera English (5 March 2011). "Oman's ruler dismisses ministers". Diakses tanggal 5 March 2011.
↑  Oman's Sultan Granting Lawmaking Powers to Councils | Middle East | English
↑  Surk, Barbara. "The Canadian Press: Police in Oman fire tear gas, rubber bullets at protesters seeking political reform; 1 killed". Google.com. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2011-03-03. Diakses tanggal 27 February 2011.
↑  "Deaths in Oman protests – Middle East". Al Jazeera English. Diakses tanggal 27 February 2011.
↑  "Oman clashes: Two killed during protests in Gulf state". BBC News. 8 February 2011. Diakses tanggal 27 February 2011.
↑  "Saudi King Boosts Spending, Returns to Country". Voice of America. 23 February 2011. Diakses tanggal 23 February 2011.
↑  "King's order to benefit 180,000 temporary employees". Arab News. 28 February 2011. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2011-03-02. Diakses tanggal 28 February 2011.
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↑  "Report: Saudi Facebook activist planning protest shot dead". Monsters and Critics/DPA. 2 March 2011. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2011-03-02. Diakses tanggal 2 March 2011.
↑  "Man dies after setting himself on fire in Saudi Arabia". BBC News. 23 January 2011. Diakses tanggal 23 January 2011.
↑  "Egypt's prime minsiter quits, new govt soon-army". Forexyard.com. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2016-07-22. Diakses tanggal 5 March 2011.
↑  Egypt's Mubarak Steps Down; Military Takes Over Diarsipkan 2011-02-15 di Wayback Machine., The Wall Street Journal, 11 February 2011.
↑  Reuters (29 November 2010). "Egypt's military moves to dissolve parliament, suspend constitution". Haaretz. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2011-02-15. Diakses tanggal 24 February 2011.
↑  "Egyptian state security disbanded". Al Jazeera. 15 March 2011. Diakses tanggal 15 March 2011.
↑  Egypt dissolves former ruling party http://english.aljazeera.net/news/middleeast/2011/04/2011416125051889315.html
↑  "Al-Ahram Weekly | Egypt | How the mighty have fallen". Weekly.ahram.org.eg. 2 February 2011. Diakses tanggal 23 March 2011.
↑  Kirkpatrick, David D.; Stack, Liam (13 March 2011). "Prosecutors Order Mubarak and Sons Held". The New York Times. Diakses tanggal 13 April 2011.
↑  "Mubarak to be tried for murder of protesters". Reuters. 24 May 2011. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2011-05-31. Diakses tanggal 24 May 2011.
↑  "846 killed in Egypt uprising". 20 April 2011. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2011-04-20. Diakses tanggal 20 April 2011.
↑  Moroccan king to make reforms with constitutional body Diarsipkan 2011-02-23 di Wayback Machine., Middle East Online, 22 February 2011;
↑  Karam, Souhail (20 March 2011). "Thousands in Morocco march for rights". The Independent. London.
↑  http://news.yahoo.com/s/nm/20110425/wl_nm/us_morocco_protest
↑  "Yemen: Death Toll There at 11, Morocco: Five pro-democracy protesters dead | Eagainst.com – Autonomy against Barbarism". Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2011-02-23. Diakses tanggal 2011-08-22.
↑  "ارتفاع حصيلة أحداث 20 فبراير إلى 6 قتلى". Hespress. 24 February 2011. Diakses tanggal 25 February 2011.
↑  Man beaten to death by Police at Teachers Protest in Rabat, Morocco. 26 March 2011 – Videos
↑  Miller, David (7 June 2011). "Demonstrator's death energizes Moroccan protesters". The Jerusalem Post. Diakses tanggal 11 June 2011.
↑  Yemen MPs resign over violence, Al Jazeera, 23 February 2011.
↑  "Yemenis rejoice as Saleh leaves but fighting continues". BBC News. 5 June 2011. Diakses tanggal 5 June 2011.
↑  , Huffington Post, 4 June 2011.]
↑  150 protesters and 154 soldiers killed (by 21 May) Diarsipkan 2012-11-24 di Wayback Machine. 150 killed in the ammo dump explosion, total of 454 killed outside of the street fighting
↑  253-273 reported killed during the Battle of Sana'a, 120 during the Battle of Zinjibar, 46-82 during the Ta'izz clashes, 2 in a militant attack in Loder (27 May), 5 in a tribal-Houthi clash (1 June), and 9 in a militant attack in Abyan (5 June), total of 433-491 reported killed during the street fighting
↑  "Iraqi prime minister won't run for third term". MSNBC. 5 February 2001.
↑  "Governor of third Iraqi province quits over protests". The Gulf Today. 27 February 2011. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2011-03-04. Diakses tanggal 2011-08-22.
↑  McCrummen, Stephanie (26 February 2011). "Iraq 'Day of Rage' protests followed by detentions, beatings". The Washington Post.
↑  "Bahrain's king gives out cash ahead of protests". Reuters. 11 February 2011. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2011-02-16. Diakses tanggal 2011-08-22.
↑  Bahrain's king to free political prisoners as protests continue, Monsters and Critics, 22 February 2011.
↑  Bahrain sacks ministers amid protests Diarsipkan 2011-03-01 di Wayback Machine., Press TV, 26 February 2011.
↑  31 protestors killed,  Diarsipkan 2011-04-18 di Wayback Machine. four policemen killed,  1 Saudi soldier killed,  total of 36 people reported killed
↑  "Kuwait ministers resign, news agency says". CNN. 31 March 2011. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2012-01-19. Diakses tanggal 2011-08-22.
↑  "30 wounded in Kuwait protests on Friday". MSN.
↑  "Syrian activist Haitham al-Maleh freed under amnesty". BBC News. 8 March 2011. Diakses tanggal 8 March 2011.
↑  "Syria frees 80-year-old former judge in amnesty". Reuters. 8 March 2011. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2015-10-14. Diakses tanggal 8 March 2011.
↑  "Unrest continues in Syria". Al Bawaba. 23 March 2011. Diakses tanggal 24 March 2011.
↑  "Assad attempts to appease minority Kurds". Al Jazeera. 8 April 2011. Diakses tanggal 24 April 2011.
↑  "Syrian army 'attacks protest city of Deraa'". bbc.co.uk. 25 April 2011. Diakses tanggal 25 April 2011.
↑  "Syria protests: Security forces shoot at mourners". BBC News. 23 April 2011. Diakses tanggal 23 April 2011.
↑  "Syrian cabinet resigns amid unrest". 29 March 2011.
↑  "Syrian army units 'clash over crackdown'". Al Jazeera. 2011. Diakses tanggal 28 April 2011.
↑  6,600+ civilians  and 5,341 -500  Diarsipkan 2011-06-13 di Wayback Machine. security forces killed
↑  Agence France Presse (6 June 2011). "Syria says 23 dead as Israel opens fire on Golan". France 24. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2011-06-07. Diakses tanggal 12 June 2011.
↑  "UN's Pillay condemns Israeli 'Naksa' killings". Al Jazeera English. 8 June 2011. Diakses tanggal 12 June 2011.