Dinasti Safawiyah
foot note

↑  Safavid dynasty. Britannica.
↑  Safavid Persia. Books. Google.
↑  ...Lambang Singa dan Matahari, tetap digunakan sejak abad 17 hingga akhir era Monarki. Sebagai bendera Nasional Safawiyah, singa merepresentasikan Ali dan matahari sebagai kemenangan aliran Syiah, Mikhail Borisovich Piotrovskiĭ, J. M. Rogers, Hermitage Rooms at Somerset House, Courtauld Institute of Art, Heaven on earth: Art from Islamic Lands : Works from the State Hermitage Museum and the Khalili Collection, Prestel, 2004, p. 178.
↑  Ingvild Flaskerud (26 November 2010). Visualizing Belief and Piety in Iranian Shiism. Continuum International Publishing Group. hlm. 182–183. ISBN 978-1-4411-4907-7. Diakses tanggal 24 July 2011.
↑  Roemer, H. R. (1986). "The Safavid Period". The Cambridge History of Iran, Vol. 6: The Timurid and Safavid Periods. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 189–350. ISBN 0-521-20094-6, p. 331: "Depressing though the condition in the country may have been at the time of the fall of Safavids, they cannot be allowed to overshadow the achievements of the dynasty, which was in many respects to prove essential factors in the development of Persia in modern times.  These include the maintenance of Persian as the official language and of the present-day boundaries of the country, adherence to the Twelever Shi'i, the monarchical system, the planning and architectural features of the urban centers, the centralised administration of the state, the alliance of the Shi'i Ulama with the merchant bazaars, and the symbiosis of the Persian-speaking population with important non-Persian, especially Turkish speaking minorities".
↑  Mazzaoui, Michel B (2002). "Islamic Culture and Literature in Iran and Central Asia in the early modern period". Turko-Persia in Historical Perspective. Cambridge University Press. hlm. 86–7. ISBN 0-521-52291-9, ISBN 978-0-521-52291-5 Periksa nilai: invalid character |isbn= (bantuan). Safavid power with its distinctive Persian-Shi'i culture, however, remained a middle ground between its two mighty Turkish neighbors. The Safavid state, which lasted at least until 1722, was essentially a "Turkish" dynasty, with Azeri Turkish (Azerbaijan being the family's home base) as the language of the rulers and the court as well as the Qizilbash military establishment. Shah Ismail wrote poetry in Turkish. The administration nevertheless was Persian, and the Persian language was the vehicle of diplomatic correspondence (insha'), of belles-lettres (adab), and of history (tarikh).  Parameter |coauthors= yang tidak diketahui mengabaikan (|author= yang disarankan) (bantuan)
↑  Savory, Roger (2007). Iran Under the Safavids. Cambridge University Press. hlm. 213. ISBN 0-521-04251-8, ISBN 978-0-521-04251-2 Periksa nilai: invalid character |isbn= (bantuan). qizilbash normally spoke Azari brand of Turkish at court, as did the Safavid shahs themselves; lack of familiarity with the Persian language may have contributed to the decline from the pure classical standards of former times
↑  Zabiollah Safa (1986), "Persian Literature in the Safavid Period", The Cambridge History of Iran, vol. 6: The Timurid and Safavid Periods. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, ISBN 0-521-20094-6, pp. 948–65.  P. 950: "In day-to-day affairs, the language chiefly used at the Safavid court and by the great military and political officers, as well as the religious dignitaries, was Turkish, not Persian; and the last class of persons wrote their religious works mainly in Arabic. Those who wrote in Persian were either lacking in proper tuition in this tongue, or wrote outside Iran and hence at a distance from centers where Persian was the accepted vernacular, endued with that vitality and susceptibility to skill in its use which a language can have only in places where it truly belongs."
↑  Price, Massoume (2005). Iran's Diverse Peoples: A Reference Sourcebook. ABC-CLIO. hlm. 66. ISBN 1-57607-993-7, ISBN 978-1-57607-993-5 Periksa nilai: invalid character |isbn= (bantuan). The Shah was a native Turkic speaker and wrote poetry in the Azerbaijani language.
↑
↑  Ferrier, RW, A Journey to Persia: Jean Chardin's Portrait of a Seventeenth-century Empire, p. ix.
↑  Helen Chapin Metz. Iran, a Country study. 1989. University of Michigan, hal. 313.
↑  Emory C. Bogle. Islam: Origin and Belief. University of Texas Press. 1989, hal. 145.
↑  Stanford Jay Shaw. History of the Ottoman Empire. Cambridge University Press. 1977, p. 77.
↑  Andrew J. Newman, Safavid Iran: Rebirth of a Persian Empire, IB Tauris (March 30, 2006).
↑  RM Savory, Safavids, Encyclopedia of Islam, 2nd ed.
↑  https://www.encyclopedia.com/religion/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/empires-safavid-and-qajar
↑  Meyers Konversations-Lexikon, Edisi XII, muka surat 873, edisi awal: " Persien (Geschichte des neupersischen Reichs)", (LINK Diarsipkan 2007-10-10 di Wayback Machine.)
↑  Savory, Roger. (1980). Iran under the Safavids. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-22483-3. OCLC 5354386.