Homoseksualitas
Catatan kaki

1 2 3 4 5  "Sexual Orientation, Homosexuality,and Bisexuality", APAHelpCenter.org, diakses tanggal 2010-03-30
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9  "Case No. S147999 in the Supreme Court of the State of California, In re Marriage Cases Judicial Council Coordination Proceeding No. 4365(...) - APA California Amicus Brief — As Filed" (PDF). Diakses tanggal 2010-12-21.
1 2 3 4 5  Frankowski BL; American Academy of Pediatrics Committee on Adolescence (June 2004). "Sexual orientation and adolescents". Pediatrics. 113 (6): 1827–32. doi:10.1542/peds.113.6.1827. PMID 15173519.
1 2 3 4  Mary Ann Lamanna; Agnes Riedmann; Susan D Stewart (2014). Marriages, Families, and Relationships: Making Choices in a Diverse Society. Cengage Learning. hlm. 82. ISBN 1305176898. Diakses tanggal February 11, 2016. The reason some individuals develop a gay sexual identity has not been definitively established  – nor do we yet understand the development of heterosexuality. The American Psychological Association (APA) takes the position that a variety of factors impact a person's sexuality. The most recent literature from the APA says that sexual orientation is not a choice that can be changed at will, and that sexual orientation is most likely the result of a complex interaction of environmental, cognitive and biological factors...is shaped at an early age...[and evidence suggests] biological, including genetic or inborn hormonal factors, play a significant role in a person's sexuality (American Psychological Association 2010).
↑  Gail Wiscarz Stuart (2014). Principles and Practice of Psychiatric Nursing. Elsevier Health Sciences. hlm. 502. ISBN 032329412X. Diakses tanggal February 11, 2016. No conclusive evidence supports any one specific cause of homosexuality; however, most researchers agree that biological and social factors influence the development of sexual orientation.
↑  Gloria Kersey-Matusiak (2012). Delivering Culturally Competent Nursing Care. Springer Publishing Company. hlm. 169. ISBN 0826193811. Diakses tanggal February 10, 2016. Most health and mental health organizations do not view sexual orientation as a 'choice.'
1 2 3 4 5 6 7  Royal College of Psychiatrists: Submission to the Church of England’s Listening Exercise on Human Sexuality.
↑  Långström, N.; Rahman, Q.; Carlström, E.; Lichtenstein, P. (2008). "Genetic and Environmental Effects on Same-sex Sexual Behavior: A Population Study of Twins in Sweden". Archives of Sexual Behavior. 39 (1): 75–80. doi:10.1007/s10508-008-9386-1. PMID 18536986.
↑  Bailey JM, Vasey PL, Diamond LM, Breedlove SM, Vilain E, Epprecht M (2016). "Sexual Orientation, Controversy, and Science". Psychological Science in the Public Interest. 17 (21): 45–101. doi:10.1177/1529100616637616. PMID 27113562.
1 2 3 4 5  American Psychological Association: Resolution on Appropriate Affirmative Responses to Sexual Orientation Distress and Change Efforts
↑  Robinson, B. A. (2010). "Divergent beliefs about the nature of homosexuality". Religious Tolerance.org. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2019-05-10. Diakses tanggal 12 September 2011.
1 2  LeVay, Simon (1996). Queer Science: The Use and Abuse of Research into Homosexuality. Cambridge: The MIT Press ISBN 0-262-12199-9
↑  Investigators ACSF (1992). "AIDS and sexual behaviour in France". Nature. 360 (6403): 407–409. doi:10.1038/360407a0. PMID 1448162.
1 2  Billy JO, Tanfer K, Grady WR, Klepinger DH (1993). "The sexual behavior of men in the United States". Family Planning Perspectives. 25 (2): 52–60. doi:10.2307/2136206. PMID 8491287. Pemeliharaan CS1: Banyak nama: authors list (link)
1 2  Binson, Diane; Michaels, Stuart; Stall, Ron; Coates, Thomas J.; Gagnon, John H.; Catania, Joseph A. (1995). "Prevalence and Social Distribution of Men Who Have Sex with Men: United States and Its Urban Centers". The Journal of Sex Research. 32 (3): 245–54. doi:10.1080/00224499509551795.
↑  Bogaert AF (2004). "The prevalence of male homosexuality: the effect of fraternal birth order and variations in family size". Journal of Theoretical Biology. 230 (1): 33–7. doi:10.1016/j.jtbi.2004.04.035. PMID 15275997.  Bogaert berpendapat bahwa: "The prevalence of male homosexuality is debated. One widely reported early estimate was 10% (e.g., Marmor, 1980; Voeller, 1990). Some recent data provided support for this estimate (Bagley and Tremblay, 1998), but most recent large national samples suggest that the prevalence of male homosexuality in modern western societies, including the United States, is lower than this early estimate (e.g., 1–2% in Billy et al., 1993; 2–3% in Laumann et al., 1994; 6% in Sell et al., 1995; 1–3% in Wellings et al., 1994). It is of note, however, that homosexuality is defined in different ways in these studies. For example, some use same-sex behavior and not same-sex attraction as the operational definition of homosexuality (e.g., Billy et al., 1993); many sex researchers (e.g., Bailey et al., 2000; Bogaert, 2003; Money, 1988; Zucker and Bradley, 1995) now emphasize attraction over overt behavior in conceptualizing sexual orientation." (p. 33) Also: "...the prevalence of male homosexuality (in particular, same-sex attraction) varies over time and across societies (and hence is a ‘‘moving target’’) in part because of two effects: (1) variations in fertility rate or family size; and (2) the fraternal birth order effect. Thus, even if accurately measured in one country at one time, the rate of male homosexuality is subject to change and is not generalizable over time or across societies." (p. 33)
↑  Fay RE, Turner CF, Klassen AD, Gagnon JH (1989). "Prevalence and patterns of same-gender sexual contact among men". Science. 243 (4889): 338–48. doi:10.1126/science.2911744. PMID 2911744. Pemeliharaan CS1: Banyak nama: authors list (link)
1 2  Johnson AM, Wadsworth J, Wellings K, Bradshaw S, Field J (1992). "Sexual lifestyles and HIV risk". Nature. 360 (6403): 410–2. doi:10.1038/360410a0. PMID 1448163. Pemeliharaan CS1: Banyak nama: authors list (link)
1 2  Laumann, E. O., Gagnon, J. H., Michael, R. T., & Michaels, S. (1994). The social organization of sexuality: Sexual practices in the United States. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.[halaman dibutuhkan]
↑  Sell RL, Wells JA, Wypij D (1995). "The prevalence of homosexual behavior and attraction in the United States, the United Kingdom and France: results of national population-based samples". Archives of Sexual Behavior. 24 (3): 235–48. doi:10.1007/BF01541598. PMID 7611844. Pemeliharaan CS1: Banyak nama: authors list (link)
1 2  Wellings, K., Field, J., Johnson, A., & Wadsworth, J. (1994). Sexual behavior in Britain: The national survey of sexual attitudes and lifestyles. London, UK: Penguin Books.[halaman dibutuhkan]
1 2 3  AVJonathan Tisdall  . "Norway world leader in casual sex, Aftenposten". Aftenposten.no. Diakses tanggal 2010-08-24. Pemeliharaan CS1: Banyak nama: authors list (link)
1 2 3  "Sex uncovered poll: Homosexuality". London: Guardian. 2008-10-26. Diakses tanggal 2010-08-24.
1 2 3  McConaghy et al., 2006
↑  Science Daily: Same-Sex Behavior Seen In Nearly All Animals
1 2 3  (Bagemihl 1999)
↑  "1,500 animal species practice homosexuality - The Medical News, 23 October 2006". Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2011-02-10. Diakses tanggal 2011-09-13.
↑  Sommer, Volker & Paul L. Vasey (2006), Homosexual Behaviour in Animals, An Evolutionary Perspective. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. ISBN 0-521-86446-1
1 2  Harrold, Max (February 16, 1999). "Biological Exuberance: Animal Homosexuality and Natural Diversity". The Advocate, reprinted in Highbeam Encyclopedia. Diakses tanggal 2007-09-10.
↑  Census statistics show quarter of California same-sex couples raising kids
↑  More Same-Sex Couples in Colorado, Census Shows
↑  "Region Saw Increase In Same-Sex Households". Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2016-03-29. Diakses tanggal 2011-09-13.
↑  Census 2010: One Quarter of Gay Couples Raising Children
↑  "Minnesota Sees 50% Rise in Number of Gay Couples". Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2011-07-17. Diakses tanggal 2011-09-13.
↑  "Census:Dutchess, Ulster Gay Households Increase". Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2016-01-19. Diakses tanggal 2011-09-13.
↑  Same Sex Couples' Numbers Soar In N.Y, 2010 Census Finds[pranala nonaktif permanen]
↑  2010 Census indicates increase among same-sex homeowners in Oklahoma[pranala nonaktif permanen]
↑  "Spike In Number of City's Same-Sex Couples". Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2011-07-27. Diakses tanggal 2011-09-13.
↑  American Psychiatric Association Sexual Orientation Diarsipkan 2012-11-09 di Wayback Machine.
↑  "Etymology of Homosexuality", University of Waterloo, diakses tanggal 2007-09-07
↑  Marguerite Johnson, Terry Ryan: Sexuality in Greek and Roman society and literature: a sourcebook hal.4
↑  "Lesbian | Define Lesbian at Dictionary.com". Dictionary.reference.com. Diakses tanggal 2010-08-24.
1 2  Media Reference Guide (citing AP, NY Times, Washington Post style guides), GLAAD. Retrieved 2007-05-10.
↑  "Karl-Maria Kertbeny: The Coinage and Dissemination of the Term", glbtq.com, diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2012-09-27, diakses tanggal 2012-06-12
↑  Feray Jean-Claude, Herzer Manfred (1990). "Homosexual Studies and Politics in the 19th Century: Karl Maria Kertbeny". Journal of Homosexuality. 19: 1.
1 2 3  "Biography: Karl Maria Kertbeny", GayHistory.com, diakses tanggal 2007-09-07
↑  "Psychopathia Sexualis", Kino.com, diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2007-10-04, diakses tanggal 2007-09-07
↑  Younger, John G. (2005). Sex in the ancient world from A to Z (edisi ke-1st published.). London [u.a.]: Routledge. hlm. 38. ISBN 0-415-24252-5.
↑  The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language, Fourth Edition. Houghton Mifflin. 2000. ISBN 0-618-70172-9.
↑  Spears, Richard A. (2007). "Fag". Dictionary of American Slang and Colloquial Expressions. Diakses tanggal 4 October 2012.
↑  (Dalzell 2008, hlm. 1104)
↑  "Dictionary of Sexual Terms". Sex-lexis.com. Diakses tanggal 4 October 2012.
↑  Taylor, Marvin J. "Queer Things from Old Closets: Libraries Gay and Lesbian Studies – Queer Theory" (PDF). Asosiasi Perpustakaan Perguruan Tinggi dan Penelitian. Diakses tanggal 4 Oktober 2012.
↑  eds, Marc Wolinsky (1993). Gays and the military : Joseph Steffan versus the United States (edisi ke-[Online-Ausg.].). Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press. hlm. 49–55. ISBN 0691033072.
↑  eds, Marc Wolinsky ... (1993). Gays and the military: Joseph Steffan versus the United States (edisi ke-[Online-Ausg.].). Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press. hlm. 40–48. ISBN 0691033072.
↑  Murray, Stephen O. (2000). Homosexualities. Chicago [u.a.]: Pers Universitas Chicago. hlm. 394. ISBN 9780226551944.
↑  Denise Winterman (18 March 2008). "How 'gay' became children's insult of choice". BBC News. Diakses tanggal 4 October 2012.
↑  "Kinsey's Heterosexual–Homosexual Rating Scale". The Kinsey Institute. Diakses tanggal 8 September 2011.
↑  Galupo, M. Paz (June 2014). "Sexual Minority Reflections on the Kinsey Scale and the Klein Sexual Orientation Grid: Conceptualization and Measurement". Journal of Bisexuality. 14 – via Taylor & Francis Online.
↑  Moody, Jonas (30 January 2009). "Iceland Picks the World's First Openly Gay PM". TIME. Diakses tanggal 13 November 2013.
↑  "The Coming Out Continuum", Human Rights Campaign, Archived from the original on 2007-11-02, diakses tanggal 2007-05-04 Pemeliharaan CS1: Url tak layak (link)
↑  Rosario, M., Schrimshaw, E., Hunter, J., & Braun, L. (2006, February). Sexual identity development among lesbian, gay, and bisexual youths: Consistency and change over time. Journal of Sex Research, 43(1), 46–58. Retrieved April 4, 2009, from PsycINFO database.
↑  Neumann, Caryn E (2004), "Outing", glbtq.com, diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2007-06-09, diakses tanggal 2011-09-13
↑  Maggio, Rosalie (1991), The Dictionary of Bias-Free Usage: A Guide to Nondiscriminatory Language, Oryx Press, hlm. 208, ISBN 0897746538
↑  Tatchell, Peter (April 23, 2007), "Outing hypocrites is justified", The New Statesman, diakses tanggal 2007-05-04
↑  Minton, H. L. (1986). Femininity in men and masculinity in women: American psychiatry and psychology portray homosexuality in the 1930s, Journal of Homosexuality, 13(1), 1–21.
*Terry, J. (1999). An American obsession: Science, medicine, and homosexuality in modern society. Chicago: University of Chicago Press
↑  Bailey, J.M., Zucker, K.J. (1995), Childhood sex-typed behavior and sexual orientation: a conceptual analysis and quantitative review. Developmental Psychology 31(1):43
↑  Friedman, Richard C. (1990). Male Homosexuality. New Haven: Yale University Press. hlm. 312. ISBN 0300047452. Diakses tanggal 2009-04-16.
↑  
Goode, Erica (1998-12-12). "On Gay Issue, Psychoanalysis Treats Itself". - The New York Times. Diakses tanggal 2009-04-16.
↑  Zachary Green and Michael J. Stiers. Multiculturalism and Group Therapy in the United States: A Social Constructionist Perspective. Springer Netherlands 2002. Halaman 233–246.
↑  Pflugfelder, Gregory (1999). Cartographies of Desire: Male-male Sexuality in Japanese Discourse, 1600–1950. University of California Press. ISBN 0520209095.
1 2  What is Nature
↑  "Relationship Satisfaction and Commitment". Eurekalert.org. 2008-01-22. Diakses tanggal 2010-08-24.
1 2  Duffy, S.M/; C.E. Rusbult (1985). "Satisfaction and commitment in homosexual and heterosexual relationships". Journal of Homosexuality. 12 (2): 1–23. doi:10.1300/J082v12n02_01. PMID 3835198. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2017-10-19. Diakses tanggal 2009-07-29.
↑  Charlotte, Baccman; Per Folkesson, Torsten Norlander (1999). "Expectations of romantic relationships: A comparison between homosexual and heterosexual men with regard to Baxter's criteria". Social Behavior and Personality. Diakses tanggal 2009-07-29.
1 2 3 4  "Demographics of the Gay and Lesbian Population in the United States: Evidence from Available Systematic Data Sources", Dan Black, Gary Gates, Seth Sanders, Lowell Taylor, Demography, Vol. 37, No. 2 (May, 2000), pp. 139–154 (available on JSTOR).
↑  Sexual Behavior in the Human Male, hal. 656
1 2  http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/radio4/moreorless/moreorless_20101001-1335a.mp3
↑  David Leonhardt (July 28, 2000). "John Tukey, 85, Statistician; Coined the Word 'Software'". The New York Times.
↑  "Biography 15.1, John W. Tukey (1915–2000)". Diakses tanggal 2009-05-19.  John Tukey criticizes sample procedure
↑  "Book Review by Martin Duberman, The Nation, November 3, 1997". Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2009-01-11. Diakses tanggal 2011-09-13.  Martin Duberman on Gebhart's "cleaning" of data
↑
ACSF Investigators (1992). "AIDS and sexual behavior in France". Nature. 360 (6403): 407–409. doi:10.1038/360407a0. PMID 1448162.
Bogaert A. F. (2004). "The prevalence of male homosexuality: The effect of fraternal birth order and variation in family size". Journal of Theoretical Biology. 230 (1): 33–37. doi:10.1016/j.jtbi.2004.04.035. PMID 15275997. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2009-08-20. Diakses tanggal 2011-09-13.
Fay RE, Turner CF, Klassen AD, Gagnon JH (1989). "Prevalence and patterns of same-gender sexual contact among men". Science. 243 (4889): 338–48. doi:10.1126/science.2911744. PMID 2911744. Pemeliharaan CS1: Banyak nama: authors list (link)
Sell RL, Wells JA, Wypij D (1995). "The prevalence of homosexual behavior and attraction in the United States, the United Kingdom and France: results of national population-based samples". Arch Sex Behav. 24 (3): 235–48. doi:10.1007/BF01541598. PMID 7611844. Pemeliharaan CS1: Banyak nama: authors list (link)
S. Hite, The Hite Report on Male Sexuality, New York, A. Knopf, 1991.
S. S. et C. L. Janus, The Janus Report on Sexual Behavior, New York, John Wiley & Sons, 1993.
Alfred C. Kinsey, Sexual Behavior in the Human Male, 1948, ISBN 0-7216-5445-2(o.p.), ISBN 0-253-33412-8(reprint).
↑  TERESA L. WAITE,
December 8, 1992 "Sexual Behavior Levels Compared in Studies In Britain and France" in the New York Times
↑  "27% of Gay Voters Sided with McCain". The Advocate. 7 November 2008. Diakses tanggal 2010-12-21.
↑  Smith, David M.; Gates, Gary J. (August 22, 2001). "Gay and Lesbian Families in the United States: Same-Sex Unmarried Partner Households" (PDF). Diarsipkan dari versi asli (PDF) tanggal 2011-01-07. Diakses tanggal January 26, 2011.
↑  JAMA: Gay Is Okay With APA (American Psychiatric Association); available online: http://www.soulforce.org/article/642 Diarsipkan 2010-03-24 di Wayback Machine.
1 2  American Psychological Association: Appropriate Therapeutic Responses to Sexual Orientation
↑  "The decision of the World Health Organisation 15 years ago constitutes a historic date and powerful symbol for members of the LGBT community". ILGA. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2009-10-30. Diakses tanggal 2010-08-24.
↑  Shoffman, Marc (May 17, 2006), "Homophobic stigma – A community cause", PinkNews.co.uk, diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2007-04-19, diakses tanggal 2007-05-04
↑  The New York Times: Homosexuality Not an Illness, Chinese Say
↑  Royal College of Psychiatrists: Royal College of Psychiatrists response to comments on Nolan Show regarding homosexuality as a mental disorder
↑  Cabaj, R; Stein, T. eds. Textbook of Homosexuality and Mental Health, hal. 421
↑  ed. Sandfort, T; et al. Lesbian and Gay Studies: An Introductory, Interdisciplinary Approach. Chapter 2.
↑  "Royal College of Psychiatrists' statement on sexual orientation" (PDF). Royal College of Psychiatrists' statement on sexual orientation. Diakses tanggal 31 March 2015.
↑  Pediatrics: Sexual Orientation and Adolescents, American Academy of Pediatrics Clinical Report. Retrieved 2009-12-08.
↑  Perrin, E. C. (2002). Sexual Orientation in Child and Adolescent Health Care. New York: Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers. ISBN 0306467615.
↑  Mitchum, Robert (August 12, 2007), "Study of gay brothers may find clues about sexuality", Chicago Tribune, diakses tanggal 2007-05-04
↑  "How much is known about the origins of homosexuality?". Church Times. 2007-11-16. Diakses tanggal 2010-08-24.
↑  Zietsch et al. (2008)
↑  Iemmola, Francesca and Camperio Ciani, Andrea (2009). "New Evidence of Genetic Factors Influencing Sexual Orientation in Men: Female Fecundity Increase in the Maternal Line". Archives of Sexual Behavior. Springer Netherlands. 38. Pemeliharaan CS1: Banyak nama: authors list (link)
↑  Garcia-Falgueras A, Swaab DF (2010). "Sexual Hormones and the Brain: An Essential Alliance for Sexual Identity and Sexual Orientation". Endocrine Development. 17: 22–35. doi:10.1159/000262525. PMID 19955753. There is no indication that social environment after birth has an effect on gender identity or sexual orientation.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13  Shere Hite, The Hite Report: A Nationwide Study of Female Sexuality (N.Y.: Seven Stories Press, 2004 ed. pbk. [1st printing?] © 1976, 1981, 2004), hal. 325–328 & 330 (ISBN 1-58322-569-2).
↑  Bindel, Julie (2009-01-30). "My sexual revolution". The Guardian. London. Diakses tanggal 2010-05-04.
↑  "Answers to Your Questions. For a Better Understanding of Sexual Orientation & Homosexuality" (PDF). American Psychological Association. Diakses tanggal 2010-12-20.
↑  "Expert affidavit of Gregory M. Herek, Ph.D." (PDF). Diarsipkan dari versi asli (PDF) tanggal 2010-08-25. Diakses tanggal 2010-08-24.
1 2  Royal College of Psychiatrists: Statement from the Royal College of Psychiatrists’ Gay and Lesbian Mental Health Special Interest Group Diarsipkan 2010-05-27 di Wayback Machine.
↑  Australian Psychological Society: Sexual orientation and homosexuality
↑  "Statement of the American Psychological Association" (PDF). Diakses tanggal 2010-08-24.
↑  American Psychiatric Association (2000). "Gay, Lesbian and Bisexual Issues". Association of Gay and Lesbian Psychiatrics. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2009-01-03. Diakses tanggal 2011-09-13.
↑  "Just the Facts About Sexual Orientation & Youth: A Primer for Principals, Educators and School Personnel". American Academy of Pediatrics, American Counseling Association, American Association of School Administrators, American Federation of Teachers, American Psychological Association, American School Health Association, The Interfaith Alliance, National Association of School Psychologists, National Association of Social Workers, National Education Association. 1999. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2007-08-07. Diakses tanggal 2007-08-28.
↑  "ARQ2: Question A2 – Sexual Orientation". Centre for Addiction and Mental Health. Diakses tanggal 2007-08-28.
↑  Diamond, Lisa M. (2008). "Female bisexuality from adolescence to adulthood: Results from a 10-year longitudinal study" (PDF). 44 (1). Developmental Psychology: 5–14. doi:10.1037/0012-1649.44.1.5. PMID 18194000. Diarsipkan dari versi asli (PDF) tanggal 2016-01-10. Diakses tanggal 2011-09-13.
↑  "Bisexual women – new research findings". Women's Health News. January 17, 2008.
↑  "Why women are leaving men for other women". CNN. 2009-04-23. Diakses tanggal 2009-05-19.
↑  "Marriage of Same-Sex Couples – 2006 Position Statement Canadian Psychological Association" (PDF). Diarsipkan dari versi asli (PDF) tanggal 2009-04-19. Diakses tanggal 2011-10-08.
↑  "Elizabeth Short, Damien W. Riggs, Amaryll Perlesz, Rhonda Brown, Graeme Kane: Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual and Transgender (LGBT) Parented Families – A Literature Review prepared for The Australian Psychological Society" (PDF). Diarsipkan dari versi asli (PDF) tanggal 2011-03-04. Diakses tanggal 2010-11-05.
↑  "Brief of the American Psychological Association, The California Psychological Association, The American Psychiatric Association, and the American Association for Marriage and Family Therapy as Amici Curiae in support of plaintiff-appellees" (PDF). Diakses tanggal 2010-12-21.
↑  Pawelski JG, Perrin EC, Foy JM;  et al. (2006). "The effects of marriage, civil union, and domestic partnership laws on the health and well-being of children". Pediatrics. 118 (1): 349–64. doi:10.1542/peds.2006-1279. PMID 16818585. Pemeliharaan CS1: Penggunaan et al. yang eksplisit (link) Pemeliharaan CS1: Banyak nama: authors list (link)
↑  Herek GM (2006). "Legal recognition of same-sex relationships in the United States: a social science perspective" (PDF). The American Psychologist. 61 (6): 607–21. doi:10.1037/0003-066X.61.6.607. PMID 16953748. Diarsipkan dari versi asli (PDF) tanggal 2010-06-10. Diakses tanggal 2011-10-08.
↑  "How Does the Gender of Parents Matter" (PDF). .interscience.wiley.com. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2010-06-10. Diakses tanggal 2010-12-21.
↑  "Brief presented to the Legislative House of Commons Committee on Bill C38 by the Canadian Psychological Association - June 2, 2005" (PDF). Diarsipkan dari versi asli (PDF) tanggal 2012-10-13. Diakses tanggal 2011-10-08.
↑  "MSM in Africa: highly stigmatized, vulnerable and in need of urgent HIV prevention". Aidsportal.org. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2007-07-13. Diakses tanggal 2010-08-24.
↑  "UNAIDS: Men who have sex with men". UNAIDS. Diarsipkan dari versi asli (asp) tanggal 2008-06-18. Diakses tanggal 2008-07-24.
↑  Greenwood, Cseneca; Mario Ruberte (9 April 2004). "African American Community and HIV (Slide 14 mentions TG women)". East Bay AIDS Education and Training Center. Diarsipkan dari versi asli (ppt) tanggal 2008-09-10. Diakses tanggal 2008-07-24.
↑  Operario D, Burton J, Underhill K, Sevelius J (2008). "Men who have sex with transgender women: challenges to category-based HIV prevention". AIDS Behav. 12 (1): 18–26. doi:10.1007/s10461-007-9303-y. PMID 17705095. Pemeliharaan CS1: Banyak nama: authors list (link)
↑  Operario D, Burton J (2000). "HIV-related tuberculosis in a transgender network—Baltimore, Maryland, and New York City area, 1998–2000". MMWR Morb. Mortal. Wkly. Rep. 49 (15): 317–20. PMID 10858008.
↑  Young RM, Meyer IH (2005). "The trouble with "MSM" and "WSW": erasure of the sexual-minority person in public health discourse". Am J Public Health. 95 (7): 1144–9. doi:10.2105/AJPH.2004.046714. PMC 1449332 . PMID 15961753.
1 2  Goldstone, Stephen E.; Welton, Mark L. (2004). "Anorectal Sexually Transmitted Infections in Men Who Have Sex with Men—Special Considerations for Clinicians". Clin Colon Rectal Surg. 17 (4): 235–239. doi:10.1055/s-2004-836944. PMC 2780055 . PMID 20011265.
↑  "Special Populations - 2010 STD Treatment Guidelines". CDC. Diakses tanggal 2015-06-23.
↑  "STI Epi Update: Oral Contraceptive and Condom Use". Agensi Kesehatan Masyarakat Kanada. 23 April 1998. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2006-09-27. Diakses tanggal 2007-07-11.
↑  Sexually transmitted diseases treatment guidelines 2002. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. MMWR Recomm Pap. 2002;51(RR-6):1–78.
1 2  Cber / Fda. "FDA Policy on Blood Donations from Men Who Have Sex with Other Men". Web.archive.org. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2007-10-11. Diakses tanggal 2010-08-24.
↑  "The National Blood Service — Exclusion of Men who have Sex with Men from Blood Donation". Blood.co.uk. 2010-07-19. Diakses tanggal 2010-08-24.
↑  Mravack, Sally A. (July 2006)."Primary Care for Lesbians and Bisexual Women", American Family Physician 74 (2) hal. 279–286.
↑  Catalyst, Sr. Kitty, Staff of San Francisco City Clinic; "Reading This Might Save Your Ass"; 2001, San Francisco HIV Prevention and STD Prevention and Control.
↑  Men Like Us: The GMHC Complete Guide to Gay Men's Sexual, Physical, and Emotional Well-being; Wolfe, Daniel; Gay Men's Health Crisis, Inc; Published by Ballantine Books, 2000; ISBN 0-345-41496-9, 9780345414960.
↑  Schlager, Neil, ed. (1998). Gay & Lesbian Almanac. St. James Press. ISBN 1-55862-358-2, hal. 152.
↑  Meyer IH (2003). "Prejudice, social stress, and mental health in lesbian, gay, and bisexual populations: conceptual issues and research evidence". Psychological Bulletin. 129 (5): 674–97. doi:10.1037/0033-2909.129.5.674. PMC 2072932 . PMID 12956539.
↑  "Black gay men, lesbians, have fewer mental disorders than whites, says Mailman School of PH study". Eurekalert.org. Diakses tanggal 2010-08-24.
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↑  Plato, Phaedrus dalam Simposium
↑  Plato, Laws, 636D & 835E
1 2  (Boswell 1980)
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↑  (Campbell 1982, hlm. xi–xii)
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