Emine Gülbahar Hatun
Rujukan

↑  Necdet Sakaoğlu (2008). Bu mülkün kadın sultanları: Vâlide sultanlar, hâtunlar, hasekiler, kadınefendiler, sultanefendiler. Oğlak publications. hlm. 110–112. ISBN 978-9-753-29623-6.
↑  Bryer, Anthony (1988). Peoples and settlement in Anatolia and the Caucasus: 800-1900. Variorum Reprints. ISBN 9780860782223.
↑  Th Dijkema, F. (1977). The Ottoman Historical Monumental Inscriptions in Edirne. BRILL. ISBN 9004050620.
↑  Edmonds, Anna (1997). Turkey's religious sites. Damko. hlm. 1997. ISBN 975-8227-00-9.
↑  Babinger, Franz (1992). Mehmed the Conqueror and His Time. Princeton University Press. hlm. 51. ISBN 0-691-01078-1.
1 2  Lawler, Jennifer (2018-01-16). Encyclopedia of Women in the Middle Ages (dalam bahasa Inggris). McFarland. hlm. 72. ISBN 978-1-4766-0111-3. Gülbehar (15th century) Mother of Bayezid II, the famous Ottoman ruler. A slave girl of either Albanian or Greek heritage, she was a Christian and became the mistress of Mehmed II the Conqueror around 1450.
↑  Lyigun, Murat (2015). War, Peace, and Prosperity in the Name of God: The Ottoman Role in Europe's Socioeconomic Evolution. London: University of Chicago Press. hlm. 119. ISBN 9780226388434. Beyazit II... Gülbahar Hatun... Albanian...
↑  Edmonds, Anna (1997). Turkey's religious sites. Damko. hlm. 211. ISBN 975-8227-00-9. An Albanian by birth, legend also has it that Gulbahar Hatun was a French princess kidnapped for the sultan's harem.
↑  Babinger, Franz (1992). Mehmed the Conqueror and His Time. Princeton University Press. hlm. 51. ISBN 0-691-01078-1. Gülbahar bint Abdullah, whom Turkish legend subsequently transformed into a "daughter of the king of France," was a Christian slave of Albanian origin.
↑  Franz Babinger, Die Aufzeichnungen des Genuesen Iacopo de Promontorio - de Campis uber den Osmanenstaat um 1475. München: C. H. Beck. 3 February 1956. hlm. 56.
↑  Ostovich, Helen; Silcox, Mary V.; Roebuck, Graham (2008). The Mysterious and the Foreign in Early Modern England (dalam bahasa Inggris). Associated University Presse. hlm. 60. ISBN 978-0-87413-954-9. Mehmed's eldest son was Bayezid or Beyazid II, whose mother, Gülbahar, was probably a Greek concubine.
↑  Lowry, Heath W. (2003). The Nature of the Early Ottoman State (dalam bahasa Inggris). SUNY Press. hlm. 153. ISBN 978-0-7914-8726-6. Mother of Bayezid II was Gülbahar Hatun (a Pontic Greek from the village of Douvera in Trabzon)
↑  Freely, John (1999). Inside the Seraglio: Private Lives of the Sultans in Istanbul (dalam bahasa Inggris). Viking Press. hlm. 9. ISBN 978-0-670-87839-0. Mehmet had become a father for the first time in January 1448, when his concubine Gülbahar gave birth to a son, the future Beyazit II. Little is known of Gülbahar's origins, but she was probably Greek, since the concubines in the imperial harem were almost always Christians...
↑  Shuteriqi, Dhimitër (2012).  Zana Prela, ed. Aranitët: Historia- Gjenealogjia -Zotërimet. Toena. hlm. 66. ISBN 978-99943-1-729-5.
1 2 3 4  "Gülbahar Hatun (ö. 898/1492): II. Bayezid'in annesi". İslam Ansiklopedisi. Diakses tanggal 7 Mei 2020.
↑  Tarih arastirmalari dergisi, Volumes 21-23. Ankara Üniversitesi Basımevi. 2003. hlm. 206.
↑  Peirce 1993, hlm. 50.
↑  Peirce 1993, hlm. 120.
↑  Baltacı, Câhid (1976). XV-XVI asırlar Osmanlı medreseleri: teşkilât : tarih, Volume 1. İrfan Matbaası. hlm. 134.