Khalifah
Rujukan

↑  Hambali, Muhammad (2017).  Rusdianto, ed. Panduan Muslim Kaffah Sehari-Hari: Dari Kandungan hingga Kematian. Yogyakarta: Laksana. hlm. 23. ISBN 978-602-407-185-1.  Parameter |url-status= yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (bantuan)
↑  Gianluca Paolo Parolin, Citizenship in the Arab World: Kin, Religion and Nation-state (Amsterdam University Press, 2009), 52.
↑  Hourani, p. 23.
↑  Ahmed, Nazeer, Islam in Global History: From the Death of Prophet Muhammad to the First World War, American Institute of Islamic History and Cul, 2001, p. 34. ISBN 0-7388-5963-X.
↑  Ochsenweld, William; Fisher, Sydney Nettleton (2004). The Middle East: A History (edisi ke-6th). New York: McGraw Hill. ISBN 978-0-07-244233-5.
↑  The Cambridge History of Islam, ed. P.M. Holt, Ann K.S. Lambton, and Bernard Lewis, Cambridge, 1970
↑  Lapidus 2002, hlm. 47.
↑  Holt, Lambton & Lewis 1970, hlm. 70–72.
↑  Tabatabaei 1979, hlm. 50–75 and 192.
↑  Donaldson, Dwight M. (1933). The Shi'ite Religion: A History of Islam in Persia and Irak (PDF). Burleigh Press. hlm. 66–78.
↑  Jafri, Syed Husain Mohammad (2002). The Origins and Early Development of Shi’a Islam; Chapter 6. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0195793871.
↑  Ayati, Dr. Ibrahim. "A Probe into the History of Ashura'". Al-Islam.org. Ahlul Bayt Digital Islamic Library Project.
↑  John Esposito (1992)
↑  Cavendish, Marshall (2010). "6". Islamic Beliefs, Practices, and Cultures. hlm. 129. ISBN 978-0-7614-7926-0.
↑  Blankinship, Khalid Yahya (1994), The End of the Jihad State, the Reign of Hisham Ibn 'Abd-al Malik and the collapse of the Umayyads, State University of New York Press, hlm. 37, ISBN 0-7914-1827-8
↑  Previté-Orton (1971), pg 236
↑  "Umayyad dynasty | Islamic history". Encyclopedia Britannica (dalam bahasa Inggris). Diakses tanggal 2017-03-26.
↑  Menocal 2015, hlm. 19
↑  Burns, 2005, p.88.
↑  Grafman and Rosen-Ayalon, 1999, p.7.
↑  "What is the difference between Sunni and Shia Muslims?". The Economist. 28 May 2013.
↑  Previté-Orton (1971), vol. 1, pg. 239
↑  Ibn Kathir. Al-Bidāya wa-n-Nihāya, Volume 8. hlm. 235–236.
↑  Canfield, Robert L. (2002). Turko-Persia in Historical Perspective. Cambridge University Press. hlm. 5. ISBN 9780521522915.
↑  Gregorian 2003
↑  Huff 2003, hlm. 48
↑  Grant & Clute 1999, hlm. 51.
↑  Clinton 2000, hlm. 15–16
↑  Ahmed 1992, hlm. 112–15.
↑  Youshaa Patel (2013). "Seclusion". The Oxford Encyclopedia of Islam and Women. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ((Perlu berlangganan (help)).
1 2  Eleanor Abdella Doumato (2009). "Seclusion".  Dalam John L. Esposito. The Oxford Encyclopedia of the Islamic World. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ((Perlu berlangganan (help)).
↑  The Cambridge History of Islam I: The Central Islamic Lands (dalam bahasa Turki). Cambridge University Press. 1970.
↑  M.Sükrü Hanioglu, A Brief History of the Late Ottoman Empire, 130.
1 2  Takkush, Mohammed Suhail, "The Ottoman's History" pp.489,490
↑  Lewis.B, "The Emergence of Modern Turkey" Oxford, 1962, p.337
1 2  Kemal H. Karpat (2001). The Politicization of Islam: Reconstructing Identity, State, Faith, and Community in the Late Ottoman State. Oxford University Press. hlm. 235. ISBN 978-0-19-513618-0.
↑  Moshe Yegar (1 January 2002). Between Integration and Secession: The Muslim Communities of the Southern Philippines, Southern Thailand, and Western Burma/Myanmar. Lexington Books. hlm. 397. ISBN 978-0-7391-0356-2.
↑  Dr. Bayram Kodaman, The Hamidiye Light Cavalry Regiments (Abdullmacid II and Eastern Anatolian Tribes)
↑  Wasserstein, David (1993). The Caliphate in the West: An Islamic Political Institution in the Iberian Peninsula (snippet view). Oxford: Clarendon Press. hlm. 11. ISBN 978-0-19-820301-8. Diakses tanggal 5 September 2010.
1 2  Gibb 1960, p. 55.
↑  Hawting 1986, p. 47.
↑  Gibb 1960, p. 54.
↑  Abbasid Belles Lettres. Cambridge University Press; 30 March 1990. ISBN 978-0-521-24016-1. p. 13.
↑  Baer, Eva (1983). Metalwork in Medieval Islamic Art. SUNY Press. hlm. xxiii. ISBN 9780791495575.
↑  O'Callaghan, J. F. (1983). A History of Medieval Spain. Ithaca: Cornell University Press. hlm. 119.
↑  Barton, 38.
↑  Barton, 40–41.
↑  Barton, 42.
1 2  Catlos, Brain A. (2014). Infidel Kings and Unholy Wars: Faith, Power, and Violence in the Age of Crusades and Jihad. New York: Farrar, Straus, and Giroux. p. 30.
↑  Francis Preston Venable, A Short History of Chemistry (1894) p. 21.
↑  Chejne, Anwar G. (1974). Muslim Spain: Its History and Culture. Minneapolis: The University of Minnesota Press. hlm. 43–49. ISBN 0816606889.
↑  Mango, Atatürk, 401
↑  Mango, Atatürk, 403
↑  Finkel, Caroline (2007). "Osman's Dream: The History of the Ottoman Empire". Basic Books. hlm. 546. ISBN 9780465008506.
↑  Özoğlu, Hakan (2011). From Caliphate to Secular State: Power Struggle in the Early Turkish Republic (dalam bahasa Inggris). ABC-CLIO. ISBN 9780313379567.
1 2 3  Majid Khadduri (2006) War and peace in the law of Islam, The Lawbook Exchange, Ltd., ISBN 1-58477-695-1-page 290-291
↑  Teitelbaum, Joshua (2001). The Rise and Fall of the Hashimite Kingdom of Arabia. C. Hurst & Co. Publishers. ISBN 9781850654605.
↑  Bosworth 2004, p. 118
↑  Omar Hossino. Classical Islamic Views on Human Nature, Political Authority, and International Relations, 2006.
↑  "Hadits Bukhari tentang Para khalifah di Bani Israil".
↑  "Hadits tentang dua khalifah dalam satu waktu".
↑  "Teks arab hadits 30 tahun khalifah Muhammad saw".
↑  "Terjemah Hadits 30 tahun masa kekhalifahan Muhammad saw". Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2021-05-13.
↑  "Teks Arab Hadits tentang Masa-masa Kekhalifahan".
↑  "Terjemah Hadits tentang masa-masa Kekhalifahan". Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2021-05-13.
↑  "حديث عبدالله بن أبي مليكة - مجمع الزوائد". dorar.net (dalam bahasa Arab). Diakses tanggal 2021-01-28.
1 2  link, Dapatkan; Facebook; Twitter; Pinterest; Email; Lainnya, Aplikasi. "Memahami Arti Khalifah". Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2021-02-07. Diakses tanggal 2021-01-28.
↑  "Tanggapan Atas Artikel: Khilafah Ala Minhājin Nubuwah dan Khilafah Ala Minhāji Dāisy". Diakses tanggal 2022-06-05.
↑  Al Fiqh ‘Ala Al Madzahib Al Arba’ah, jilid V, hlm 416
↑  Nailul Authar, jilid VIII, hlm 265
↑  Al Fashl fil Milal Wal Ahwa’ Wan Nihal, jilid IV, hlm 87