Bahasa Spanyol
Rujukan

↑  Spanish language total. Ethnologue. Retrieved 14 August 2009.
↑  Demografía de la lengua española Diarsipkan 2010-09-23 di Wayback Machine. (page 38), elcastellano.org
↑  actaslengua.org
↑  krysstal.com, 5th International Congress on Spanish Language (la-moncloa.es Diarsipkan 2010-12-06 di Wayback Machine.), uis.edu, Antonio Molina, director of the Instituto Cervantes in 2006 (terranoticias.es, elmundo.es, fundeu.es), Luis María Anson of the Real Academia Española (elcultural.es), Mario Melgar of the México University (lllf.uam.es), Feu Rosa - Spanish in Mercosur (congresosdelalengua.es Diarsipkan 2011-07-20 di Wayback Machine.), eumed.net, babel-linguistics.com Diarsipkan 2009-03-10 di Wayback Machine..
↑  Ethnologue (dalam bahasa Inggris) (edisi ke-25, 19), Dallas: SIL International, ISSN 1946-9675, OCLC 43349556, Wikidata Q14790, diakses tanggal 9 Januari 2024
↑  Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, ed. (2023). "Bahasa Spanyol". Glottolog 4.8. Jena, Jerman: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History. Pemeliharaan CS1: Tampilkan editors (link)
↑  "UNESCO Interactive Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger" (dalam bahasa bahasa Inggris, Prancis, Spanyol, Rusia, and Tionghoa). UNESCO. 2011. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 29 April 2022. Diakses tanggal 26 Juni 2011. Pemeliharaan CS1: Bahasa yang tidak diketahui (link)
↑  "UNESCO Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger" (PDF) (dalam bahasa Inggris). UNESCO. 2010. Diarsipkan dari versi asli (PDF) tanggal 31 Mei 2022. Diakses tanggal 31 Mei 2022.
↑  "Bahasa Spanyol". www.ethnologue.com (dalam bahasa Inggris). SIL Ethnologue.
↑  "Summary by language size". Ethnologue.
1 2 3 4 5  "UN 2011 to 2100 estimate" (MS Excel PDF). UN Population data. Diakses tanggal 7 February 2018.
↑  Ethnologue, 18th Ed.: es:Anexo:Hablantes de español según Ethnologue (edición 18).
1 2  Eurobarometer (PDF), EU: Page TS2: Population older than 15 years old of each country. page T74: Speakers who speak Spanish very well. Page T46: Speakers who speak well enough in order to be able to have a conversation. es:Anexo:Hablantes de español en la U.E. según el Eurobarómetro (2012), 2012
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11  "Cifras", El español: una lengua viva (PDF) (dalam bahasa Spanish) (2015), ES: Instituto Cervantes, hlm. 10 Pemeliharaan CS1: Bahasa yang tidak diketahui (link)  Students across the World.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20  Demografía de la lengua española (PDF) (dalam bahasa Spanish), ES, hlm. 10, diarsipkan dari versi asli (PDF) tanggal 2010-09-23, diakses tanggal 2010-04-18 Pemeliharaan CS1: Bahasa yang tidak diketahui (link) , to countries with official Spanish status.
↑  2018 population estimate (dalam bahasa Spanish), MX: CONAPO estimate, diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2018-02-10, diakses tanggal 2018-07-10 Pemeliharaan CS1: Bahasa yang tidak diketahui (link)
↑  "MX", The World Factbook, USA: CIA, diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2018-01-29, diakses tanggal 2018-07-10 : Spanish only 92.7%
↑  (1 July, 2016) Population clock, US: Census Bureau
↑  Spanish speakers older than 5 years old (Table, US: Census Bureau, 2016, diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2020-02-14, diakses tanggal 2018-07-10 )
↑  Data Access and Dissemination Systems (DADS). "American FactFinder – Results". census.gov. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2020-02-14. Diakses tanggal 2018-07-10.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
↑  Taylor, Paul. "(2011)". pewhispanic.org. Diakses tanggal 24 March 2014.
↑  "Census Bureau (01/July/2016)". Census.gov. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2020-02-14. Diakses tanggal 24 March 2014.
↑  Gonzalez, Ana (13 August 2013). "(2011)". pewresearch.org. Diakses tanggal 24 March 2014.
↑  "United States".
↑  There are 9 million illegal Hispanics in USA, some of them aren't in the census (Pálidos de hambre (dalam bahasa Spanish), Impre, 19 April 2009, diarsipkan dari versi asli (editorial) tanggal 2012-01-11, diakses tanggal 2018-07-10 Pemeliharaan CS1: Bahasa yang tidak diketahui (link) )
↑  Academia Norteamericana de la Lengua Española, El castellano, diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2016-02-24, diakses tanggal 2018-07-10
↑  Ansón, José Ma, José Ma. Ansón: "Casi cincuenta millones" hablan español en EE. UU., El Castellano, diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2016-02-24, diakses tanggal 2018-07-10
↑  "La amenaza al idioma español – Voces de Univision". Univision.com. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 11 October 2011. Diakses tanggal 20 August 2012.
↑  Rodríguez Barilari, Elbio, Congresos de la lengua (dalam bahasa Spanish), ES, diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2013-07-15, diakses tanggal 2018-07-10 Pemeliharaan CS1: Bahasa yang tidak diketahui (link)
↑  Más de 70 expertos participaran en la III Acta Internacional de la Lengua Española (dalam bahasa Spanish), ES: ABC de Sevilla, 29 March 2008, diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2012-05-26, diakses tanggal 2018-07-10 Pemeliharaan CS1: Bahasa yang tidak diketahui (link)
↑  CNN en español restructures its programming, The New York Times, 13 March 2011  (The United States is now the second-largest Spanish-speaking country in the world, with more Spanish speakers than Spain, and exceeded only by Mexico).
↑  "Reloj animado" (dalam bahasa Spanish). CO: DANE. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2016-10-28. Diakses tanggal 1 February 2017. Pemeliharaan CS1: Bahasa yang tidak diketahui (link)
↑  There are 850,000 speakers of American Indian languages ("CO", Ethnologue, diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 26 March 2014 )
↑  "Datos básicos" (dalam bahasa Spanish). ES: INE. 1 January 2016. Diakses tanggal 2 January 2017. Pemeliharaan CS1: Bahasa yang tidak diketahui (link)
↑  "Argentinian census INDEC estimate for 2017". Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2014-02-26. Diakses tanggal 24 March 2014.
1 2  Estimaciones y proyecciones de población 2010-2040: Total del país, INDEC, 2013, diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2018-10-01, diakses tanggal 2018-07-10
↑  40,872,286 people is the census population result for 2010
↑  According to Ethnologue (see "Argentina". Ethnologue ), there were 40,3 million speakers Spanish as mother tongue in 2013. The Argentinian population in 2013 was projected to be 42,2 million.
↑  "Proyecciones de Población". ine.gov.ve.  (2017)
↑  "Languages", VE, Ethnologue, There are 1,098,244 people who speak other language as their mother tongue (main languages: Chinese 400,000, Portuguese 254,000, Wayuu 199,000, Arabic 110,000)
↑  Quispe Fernández, Ezio (2017). "Cifras" [Numbers] (PDF) (dalam bahasa Spanish). PE: INEI. Pemeliharaan CS1: Bahasa yang tidak diketahui (link)
↑  "Census", The World factbook, US: CIA, 2007, Spanish (official) 84.1%, Quechua (official) 13%, Aymara 1.7%, Ashaninka 0.3%, other native languages (includes a large number of minor Amazonian languages) 0.7%, other 0.2%
↑  "PE", Country, Ethnologue, There are 5,782,260 people who speak other language as mother tongue (main languages: Quechua (among 32 Quechua's varieties) 4,773,900, Aymara (2 varieties) 661 000, Chinese 100,000).
↑  "Informes" [Reports] (PDF). Proyecciones (dalam bahasa Spanish). CL: INE. 2017. hlm. 36. Diarsipkan dari versi asli (PDF) tanggal 14 February 2010. Diakses tanggal 21 April 2010. Pemeliharaan CS1: Bahasa yang tidak diketahui (link)
↑  "CL", Country, Ethnologue, There are 281,600 people who speak another language, mainly Mapudungun (250.000)
↑  "Estimate", Pop. clock (SWF), EC: INEC
↑  Ethnologue (19 February 1999). "(2011)". Ethnologue. Diakses tanggal 24 March 2014.
↑  "GT", The World factbook, CIA, diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2015-10-02, diakses tanggal 2018-07-10, Spanish (official) 60%, Amerindian languages 40%
↑  "Cuba". Country (report). Ethnologue. Diakses tanggal 20 August 2012.
↑  Ethnologue (19 February 1999). "(2011)". Ethnologue. Diakses tanggal 24 March 2014.
↑  "(2017)". INE. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 11 October 2010. Diakses tanggal 21 April 2010.
↑  According to the 1992 Census, 58 per cent of the population speaks Spanish as its mother tongue. unicef.org Diarsipkan 2012-01-19 di Wayback Machine.
↑  "INE (2017 estimate)". Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 19 May 2011. Diakses tanggal 5 February 2011.
↑  There are 207,750 people who speak another language, mainly Garifuna (98,000).: Ethnologue
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10  Informe 2017 (PDF), ES: Instituto Cervantes, 2017, hlm. 7
↑  According to the 1992 census, 50% use both Spanish and the indigenous language Guarani at home, 37% speak Guarani only, 7% speak Spanish only.findarticles.com. About 75 percent can speak Spanish.pressreference.com
↑  "INSEE estimate to 1/11/2012". Insee.fr. Diakses tanggal 20 August 2012.
1 2 3  Eurobarometr 2012 (page T40): Native speakers.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42  Eurobarometr 2012 (page TS2): Population older than 15. (age scale used for the Eurobarometer survey)
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15  Eurobarometr 2012 (page T74): Non native people who speak Spanish very well.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24  Eurobarometr 2012 (page T64): Non native people who speak Spanish well enough in order to be able to have a conversation.
↑  There are 14,100 people who speak other language as their mother tongue (main language, Kekchí with 12,300 speakers): Ethnologue.
↑  There are 490,124 people who speak another language, mainly Mískito (154,000).: Ethnologue
↑  IBGE population estimation [IBGE publishes the populational estimates for municipalities in 2 011] (dalam bahasa Portuguese), BR, 2016 Pemeliharaan CS1: Bahasa yang tidak diketahui (link)
↑  "Eurostat 2015 estimation". Istat.it. Diakses tanggal 24 March 2014.
↑  Languages of Italy
↑  "ENEC estimation to 2016". INEC. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 27 March 2012. Diakses tanggal 5 February 2011.
↑  "Costa Rica". Ethnologue.
↑  Census INE estimate for 2013 Diarsipkan 7 October 2011 di Wayback Machine. (véase "Proyección de Población por municipio 2008–2020")
↑  There are 501,043 people who speak another language as mother tongue: PA, Ethnologue
↑  "2016 INE estimation". 2016.
↑  There are 150,200 people who speak another language as mother tongue, UY, Ethnologue
↑  "2015 US. census Bureau". Diarsipkan dari versi asli (PDF) tanggal 23 December 2015.
↑  95.10% of the population speaks Spanish (US. Census Bureau Diarsipkan 24 September 2015 di Wayback Machine.)
↑  "World Population Prospects: The 2015 Revi sion, Key Findings and Advance Tables" (PDF). United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs/Population Division. hlm. 15. Diakses tanggal 10 January 2016.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28  El español en el mundo [Spanish in the world] (PDF), ES: Instituto Cervantes, 2012, hlm. 6, diarsipkan dari versi asli (PDF) tanggal 2012-10-17
↑  El español en el contexto Sociolingüístico marroquí: Evolución y perspectivas (page 39): Between 4 and 7 million people have Spanish knowledge (M. Ammadi, 2002) Diarsipkan 6 November 2013 di Wayback Machine.
↑  "Euromonitor, 2012" (PDF). exteriores.gob.es. hlm. 32.
↑  "Annual Mid year Population Estimates: 2013". U.K. Gov. Census. 2014. Diakses tanggal 20 April 2016.
↑  Languages of the United Kingdom
↑  Medium projection, PH: National Statistics Office, 2015, diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2019-04-03, diakses tanggal 2018-07-10
↑  "native knowledge speakers" (dalam bahasa Spanyol). Realinstitutoelcano.org. 18 February 2009. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 9 February 2014. Diakses tanggal 24 March 2014.
↑  1,816,773 Spanish + 1,200,000 Spanish creole: Quilis, Antonio (1996), La lengua española en Filipinas (PDF), Cervantes virtual, hlm. 54 and 55
↑  Ten Reasons (PDF), ES: Mepsyd, hlm. 23, diarsipkan dari versi asli (PDF) tanggal 2017-05-25, diakses tanggal 2018-07-10
↑  Philippines, Spanish differences, diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 21 December 2012
↑  Spanish in the world 2012 (Instituto Cervantes): 3,017,265 Spanish speakers. 439,000 with native knowledge, 2,557,773 with limited knowledge (page 6),  and 20,492 Spanish students (page 10).
↑  Nestor Diaz:  More than 2 million Spanish speakers and around 3 million with Chavacano speakers (24 April 2010). "FILIPINAS / Vigoroso regreso del español". Aresprensa.com. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2008-12-23. Diakses tanggal 20 August 2012.
↑  The figure of 2 900 000 Spanish speakers is in Thompson, RW, Pluricentric languages: differing norms in different nations, hlm. 45
↑  World wide Spanish language, Sispain
↑  German census, DE: Destatis, 31 March 2015, diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2016-06-28, diakses tanggal 2018-07-10
↑  "Equatorial Guinea census". Population statistics. 2010. Diakses tanggal 21 April 2010.
↑  Spanish according to INE 2011
↑  14% of the population speaks Spanish natively and other 74% as a second language: "Anuario", CVC (PDF) (dalam bahasa Spanish), ES: Cervantes, 2007 Pemeliharaan CS1: Bahasa yang tidak diketahui (link)
↑  "Eurostat (1/1/2012 estimate)". Epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu. 17 October 2013. Diakses tanggal 24 March 2014.
↑  Eurostat 1 January 2010
↑  Statcan, CA: GC
↑  "www12.statcan.gc.ca/census". 2.statcan.gc.ca. Diakses tanggal 2016.  Periksa nilai tanggal di: |accessdate= (bantuan)
↑  87% of the Hispanics, speak Spanish. mequieroir.com Diarsipkan 2016-04-01 di Wayback Machine.
↑  There are 740,000 Hispanics in Canada in 2015, according to "Hispanovation: La creciente influencia hispánica en Canadá" (Social Media Week in Toronto): www.univision.com, www.abc.es.
↑  "Netherland Census ClockPop". Cbs.nl. Diakses tanggal 20 August 2012.
↑  2012 censusDiarsipkan 5 November 2013 di Wayback Machine.
↑  "2011 Census". Censusdata.abs.gov.au. Diakses tanggal 24 March 2014.
↑  "2071.0 – Reflecting a Nation: Stories from the 2011 Census, 2012–2013". Abs.gov.au. Diakses tanggal 14 June 2013.
↑  Page 32 of the "Demografía de la lengua española" Diarsipkan 2010-09-23 di Wayback Machine.
↑  "Eurostat estimate to 1/1/2011". Epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu. 2 April 2012. Diakses tanggal 20 August 2012.
↑  "Accueil - INSAE". www.insae-bj.org.
↑  "ins.ci Census, 2009". Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2012-01-13. Diakses tanggal 2018-07-10.
↑  statisticsbelize.org.bz (2009 mid-year) Diarsipkan 9 December 2013 di Wayback Machine.
↑  Page 32 of Demografía de la lengua española Diarsipkan 2010-09-23 di Wayback Machine. (52,1% native speakers + 11,7% with some Spanish knowledge))
↑  Pages 34, 35 of the "Demografía de la lengua española", page 35 Diarsipkan 2010-09-23 di Wayback Machine..
↑  "Migration data" (PDF). iom.int. 2012.
↑  www.state.gov. 2015 estimate
↑  Statistik, Bundesamt für. "Bevölkerung". www.bfs.admin.ch. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 14 January 2016.
↑  111,942 Spaniards in 2016 (INE) + 17,113 Peruvians in 2012 () + 5706 Argentines in 2012 () + 2864 Chileans in 2012
↑  "cvc.cervantes.es (annuary 2006–07)" (PDF).
↑   Diarsipkan 30 November 2011 di Wayback Machine.
↑  "cvc.cervantes.es". cvc.cervantes.es. Diakses tanggal 24 March 2014.
↑  "czso.cz" (dalam bahasa Cheska). czso.cz. 31 December 2013. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 31 March 2014. Diakses tanggal 24 March 2014.
↑  "(2012)". ksh.hu. Diakses tanggal 24 March 2014.
↑  "Resultado 2010 – Persona". Censo2010.aw. 6 October 2010. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 17 January 2012. Diakses tanggal 20 August 2012.
↑   Diarsipkan 7 January 2012 di Wayback Machine.
↑  "Data" (PDF). cvc.cervantes.es.
↑  Evolution de la population par sexe de 1976 à 2012 en: Annuaire Statistique du Cameroun 2010. Consultado el 23 August 2012.
↑  "New Zealand census (2006)". Stats.govt.nz. 13 February 2009. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 4 June 2010. Diakses tanggal 24 March 2014.
↑  "Press Release on Major Figures of the 2010 National Population Census". Stats.gov.cn. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 18 April 2012. Diakses tanggal 20 August 2012.
↑  25,000 Spanish students in the university + 5,000 in the "Instituto Cervantes"cervantes.es (page 4)
↑  "Statistics – FAQ's". Gibraltar.gov.gi. 12 November 2012. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 5 January 2014. Diakses tanggal 24 March 2014.
↑  www.um.es (5.2. Datos descriptivos de los usos de español e inglés, Gráfico 2). 77.3% of the Gibraltar population speak Spanish with their mother more, or equal than English.
↑  "(2013)". db1.stat.gov.lt. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 19 August 2010. Diakses tanggal 24 March 2014.
↑  "Демография". Gks.ru. 27 December 2011. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2014-03-26. Diakses tanggal 24 March 2014.
↑  "2009 estimate" (PDF). UN. 2008. Diakses tanggal 21 April 2010.
↑  The Spanish 1970 census claims 16.648 Spanish speakers in Western Sahara () but probably most of them were people born in Spain who left after the Moroccan annexation
↑  Page 34 of the Demografía de la Lengua Española Diarsipkan 2010-09-23 di Wayback Machine.
↑  "2010 Census". Census.gov. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 21 December 2013. Diakses tanggal 14 June 2013.
↑  "Population – Key Indicators | Latvijas statistika". Csb.gov.lv. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2013-06-28. Diakses tanggal 14 June 2013.
↑  "::Welcome to Turkish Statistical Institute(TurkStat)'s Web Pages::". TurkStat. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2018-10-01. Diakses tanggal 20 August 2012.
↑  8,000 (Page 37 of the Demografía de la lengua española Diarsipkan 2010-09-23 di Wayback Machine.) + 4,346 Spanish Students (according to the Instituto Cervantes)
↑  "Census of India : Provisional Population Totals : India :Census 2011". Censusindia.gov.in. Diakses tanggal 24 March 2014.
↑  "cervantes.es (page 6)" (PDF). Diakses tanggal 24 March 2014.
↑  "Jamaican Population". Statinja.gov.jm. Diakses tanggal 24 March 2014.
1 2 3  Languages of Jamaica,
↑  El español en Namibia, 2005. Instituto Cervantes.
↑  "cvc.cervantes.es" (PDF). Diakses tanggal 24 March 2014.
↑  "Eurostat – Tables, Graphs and Maps Interface (TGM) table". Epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu. 17 October 2013. Diakses tanggal 24 March 2014.
↑  Demografía de la lengua española, page 37 Diarsipkan 2010-09-23 di Wayback Machine. (2,397,000 people speak Spanish as a native language in the E.U. excluded Spain, but It is already counted population who speak Spanish as a native language in France (477,564), Italy (255,459), U.K. (120,000) Sweden (77,912) and Luxemburg (4,049)).
↑  "International Programs – People and Households – U.S. Census Bureau". Census.gov. 5 January 2016. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 19 August 2012. Diakses tanggal 20 August 2012.
1 2
↑  426,515,910 speakers L1 in 2012 (ethnologue) of 7,097,500,000 people in the World in 2012 (UN): 6%.
↑  "The 30 Most Spoken Languages in the World". KryssTal. Diakses tanggal 16 January 2013.
↑  517,824,310 speakers L1 and L2 in 2012 (ethnologue) of 7,097,500,000 people in the World in 2012 (UN): 7.3%.
↑  Henry Kamen, Empire: how Spain became a world power, 1492–1763, 2002:3.
↑  "Diccionario de la lengua española : W". Buscon.rae.es. Diakses tanggal 2015-05-22.