Kelopak elektron
Daftar unsur dengan elektron per kulit

Daftar di bawah ini memberikan unsur-unsur yang disusun berdasarkan kenaikan nomor atom dan menunjukkan jumlah elektron per kulit. Sekilas, himpunan bagian dari daftar menunjukkan pola yang jelas. Secara khusus, setiap himpunan lima unsur (dalam warna   biru elektrik) sebelum setiap gas mulia (golongan 18, berwarna   kuning) yang lebih berat dari helium memiliki jumlah elektron berturut-turut di kulit terluar, yaitu 3 sampai 7.[butuh rujukan]
Pengurutan tabel berdasarkan golongan kimia menunjukkan pola tambahan, terutama yang berkaitan dengan dua kulit terluar terakhir. (Unsur 57 hingga 71 termasuk ke dalam lantanida, sedangkan unsur 89 hingga 103 adalah aktinida.)[butuh rujukan]
Daftar di bawah ini konsisten pada prinsip Aufbau. Namun, ada sejumlah pengecualian terhadap aturan tersebut; misalnya paladium (nomor atom 46) tidak memiliki elektron di kulit kelima, tidak seperti atom lain dengan nomor atom yang lebih rendah. Unsur-unsur setelah hasium (nomor atom 108) memiliki waktu paruh yang sangat pendek sehingga konfigurasi elektronnya belum diukur, maka perhitungan telah dimasukkan sebagai gantinya.[butuh rujukan]
| Z | Unsur | Jumlah elektron per kulit | Golongan |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Hidrogen | 1 | 1 |
| 2 | Helium | 2 | 18 |
| 3 | Litium | 2, 1 | 1 |
| 4 | Berilium | 2, 2 | 2 |
| 5 | Boron | 2, 3 | 13 |
| 6 | Karbon | 2, 4 | 14 |
| 7 | Nitrogen | 2, 5 | 15 |
| 8 | Oksigen | 2, 6 | 16 |
| 9 | Fluorin | 2, 7 | 17 |
| 10 | Neon | 2, 8 | 18 |
| 11 | Natrium | 2, 8, 1 | 1 |
| 12 | Magnesium | 2, 8, 2 | 2 |
| 13 | Aluminium | 2, 8, 3 | 13 |
| 14 | Silikon | 2, 8, 4 | 14 |
| 15 | Fosforus | 2, 8, 5 | 15 |
| 16 | Belerang | 2, 8, 6 | 16 |
| 17 | Klorin | 2, 8, 7 | 17 |
| 18 | Argon | 2, 8, 8 | 18 |
| 19 | Kalium | 2, 8, 8, 1 | 1 |
| 20 | Kalsium | 2, 8, 8, 2 | 2 |
| 21 | Skandium | 2, 8, 9, 2 | 3 |
| 22 | Titanium | 2, 8, 10, 2 | 4 |
| 23 | Vanadium | 2, 8, 11, 2 | 5 |
| 24 | Kromium | 2, 8, 13, 1 | 6 |
| 25 | Mangan | 2, 8, 13, 2 | 7 |
| 26 | Besi | 2, 8, 14, 2 | 8 |
| 27 | Kobalt | 2, 8, 15, 2 | 9 |
| 28 | Nikel | 2, 8, 16, 2 | 10 |
| 29 | Tembaga | 2, 8, 18, 1 | 11 |
| 30 | Seng | 2, 8, 18, 2 | 12 |
| 31 | Galium | 2, 8, 18, 3 | 13 |
| 32 | Germanium | 2, 8, 18, 4 | 14 |
| 33 | Arsen | 2, 8, 18, 5 | 15 |
| 34 | Selenium | 2, 8, 18, 6 | 16 |
| 35 | Bromin | 2, 8, 18, 7 | 17 |
| 36 | Kripton | 2, 8, 18, 8 | 18 |
| 37 | Rubidium | 2, 8, 18, 8, 1 | 1 |
| 38 | Stronsium | 2, 8, 18, 8, 2 | 2 |
| 39 | Itrium | 2, 8, 18, 9, 2 | 3 |
| 40 | Zirkonium | 2, 8, 18, 10, 2 | 4 |
| 41 | Niobium | 2, 8, 18, 12, 1 | 5 |
| 42 | Molibdenum | 2, 8, 18, 13, 1 | 6 |
| 43 | Teknesium | 2, 8, 18, 13, 2 | 7 |
| 44 | Rutenium | 2, 8, 18, 15, 1 | 8 |
| 45 | Rodium | 2, 8, 18, 16, 1 | 9 |
| 46 | Paladium | 2, 8, 18, 18 | 10 |
| 47 | Perak | 2, 8, 18, 18, 1 | 11 |
| 48 | Kadmium | 2, 8, 18, 18, 2 | 12 |
| 49 | Indium | 2, 8, 18, 18, 3 | 13 |
| 50 | Timah | 2, 8, 18, 18, 4 | 14 |
| 51 | Antimon | 2, 8, 18, 18, 5 | 15 |
| 52 | Telurium | 2, 8, 18, 18, 6 | 16 |
| 53 | Iodin | 2, 8, 18, 18, 7 | 17 |
| 54 | Xenon | 2, 8, 18, 18, 8 | 18 |
| 55 | Sesium | 2, 8, 18, 18, 8, 1 | 1 |
| 56 | Barium | 2, 8, 18, 18, 8, 2 | 2 |
| 57 | Lantanum | 2, 8, 18, 18, 9, 2 |  |
| 58 | Serium | 2, 8, 18, 19, 9, 2 |  |
| 59 | Praseodimium | 2, 8, 18, 21, 8, 2 |  |
| 60 | Neodimium | 2, 8, 18, 22, 8, 2 |  |
| 61 | Prometium | 2, 8, 18, 23, 8, 2 |  |
| 62 | Samarium | 2, 8, 18, 24, 8, 2 |  |
| 63 | Europium | 2, 8, 18, 25, 8, 2 |  |
| 64 | Gadolinium | 2, 8, 18, 25, 9, 2 |  |
| 65 | Terbium | 2, 8, 18, 27, 8, 2 |  |
| 66 | Disprosium | 2, 8, 18, 28, 8, 2 |  |
| 67 | Holmium | 2, 8, 18, 29, 8, 2 |  |
| 68 | Erbium | 2, 8, 18, 30, 8, 2 |  |
| 69 | Tulium | 2, 8, 18, 31, 8, 2 |  |
| 70 | Iterbium | 2, 8, 18, 32, 8, 2 |  |
| 71 | Lutesium | 2, 8, 18, 32, 9, 2 | 3 |
| 72 | Hafnium | 2, 8, 18, 32, 10, 2 | 4 |
| 73 | Tantalum | 2, 8, 18, 32, 11, 2 | 5 |
| 74 | Wolfram | 2, 8, 18, 32, 12, 2 | 6 |
| 75 | Renium | 2, 8, 18, 32, 13, 2 | 7 |
| 76 | Osmium | 2, 8, 18, 32, 14, 2 | 8 |
| 77 | Iridium | 2, 8, 18, 32, 15, 2 | 9 |
| 78 | Platina | 2, 8, 18, 32, 17, 1 | 10 |
| 79 | Emas | 2, 8, 18, 32, 18, 1 | 11 |
| 80 | Raksa | 2, 8, 18, 32, 18, 2 | 12 |
| 81 | Talium | 2, 8, 18, 32, 18, 3 | 13 |
| 82 | Timbal | 2, 8, 18, 32, 18, 4 | 14 |
| 83 | Bismut | 2, 8, 18, 32, 18, 5 | 15 |
| 84 | Polonium | 2, 8, 18, 32, 18, 6 | 16 |
| 85 | Astatin | 2, 8, 18, 32, 18, 7 | 17 |
| 86 | Radon | 2, 8, 18, 32, 18, 8 | 18 |
| 87 | Fransium | 2, 8, 18, 32, 18, 8, 1 | 1 |
| 88 | Radium | 2, 8, 18, 32, 18, 8, 2 | 2 |
| 89 | Aktinium | 2, 8, 18, 32, 18, 9, 2 |  |
| 90 | Torium | 2, 8, 18, 32, 18, 10, 2 |  |
| 91 | Protaktinium | 2, 8, 18, 32, 20, 9, 2 |  |
| 92 | Uranium | 2, 8, 18, 32, 21, 9, 2 |  |
| 93 | Neptunium | 2, 8, 18, 32, 22, 9, 2 |  |
| 94 | Plutonium | 2, 8, 18, 32, 24, 8, 2 |  |
| 95 | Amerisium | 2, 8, 18, 32, 25, 8, 2 |  |
| 96 | Kurium | 2, 8, 18, 32, 25, 9, 2 |  |
| 97 | Berkelium | 2, 8, 18, 32, 27, 8, 2 |  |
| 98 | Kalifornium | 2, 8, 18, 32, 28, 8, 2 |  |
| 99 | Einsteinium | 2, 8, 18, 32, 29, 8, 2 |  |
| 100 | Fermium | 2, 8, 18, 32, 30, 8, 2 |  |
| 101 | Mendelevium | 2, 8, 18, 32, 31, 8, 2 |  |
| 102 | Nobelium | 2, 8, 18, 32, 32, 8, 2 |  |
| 103 | Lawrensium | 2, 8, 18, 32, 32, 8, 3 | 3 |
| 104 | Ruterfordium | 2, 8, 18, 32, 32, 10, 2 | 4 |
| 105 | Dubnium | 2, 8, 18, 32, 32, 11, 2 | 5 |
| 106 | Seaborgium | 2, 8, 18, 32, 32, 12, 2 | 6 |
| 107 | Bohrium | 2, 8, 18, 32, 32, 13, 2 | 7 |
| 108 | Hasium | 2, 8, 18, 32, 32, 14, 2 | 8 |
| 109 | Meitnerium | 2, 8, 18, 32, 32, 15, 2 (?) | 9 |
| 110 | Darmstadtium | 2, 8, 18, 32, 32, 16, 2 (?) | 10 |
| 111 | Roentgenium | 2, 8, 18, 32, 32, 17, 2 (?) | 11 |
| 112 | Kopernisium | 2, 8, 18, 32, 32, 18, 2 (?) | 12 |
| 113 | Nihonium | 2, 8, 18, 32, 32, 18, 3 (?) | 13 |
| 114 | Flerovium | 2, 8, 18, 32, 32, 18, 4 (?) | 14 |
| 115 | Moskovium | 2, 8, 18, 32, 32, 18, 5 (?) | 15 |
| 116 | Livermorium | 2, 8, 18, 32, 32, 18, 6 (?) | 16 |
| 117 | Tenesin | 2, 8, 18, 32, 32, 18, 7 (?) | 17 |
| 118 | Oganeson | 2, 8, 18, 32, 32, 18, 8 (?) | 18 |