Sejarah demokrasi
Catatan kaki

↑  http://eprints.uad.ac.id/9437/1/DEMOKRASI%20dwi.pdf
↑  "democracy, n". OED Online. Oxford University Press. Diakses tanggal 28 November 2014.
↑  Morris I. The Measure Of Civilization: How Social Development Decides The Fate Of Nations [buku elektronik]. Princeton: Princeton University Press; 2013. Tersedia di: eBook Academic Collection (EBSCOhost), Ipswich, MA. Diakses 18 Mei 2017.
1 2  Olson, M. (1993). Dictatorship, Democracy, and Development. American Political Science Review, 87(03), 567-576.
↑  Sistem Politik Encyclopædia Britannica Daring
1 2  Demokrasi Encyclopædia Britannica Daring
↑  Robinson, 1997, hlmn. 16–17
↑  Jacobsen, 1943, hlmn. 159–172
↑  Isakhan, B. (2007). Engaging "Primitive Democracy," Mideast Roots of Collective Governance. Middle East Policy, 14(3), 97–117.
↑  Bailkey, 1967, hlmn. 1211–1236
↑  Robinson, 1997, hlm. 20
↑  Diodoros 2.39
↑  Larsen, 1973, hlmn. 45–46
↑  de Sainte, 2006, hlmn. 321–3
↑  Robinson, 1997, hlm. 22
↑  Robinson, 1997, hlm. 23
1 2  Bongard-Levin, 1996, hlmn. 61–106
1 2  Sharma 1968, hlmn. 109–22
↑  Trautmann T. R., Kautilya and the Arthra' shastra, Leiden 1971
↑  Ostwald 2000, hlmn. 21–25
↑  Cartledge 2001, hlm. xii, 276
1 2  Dunn, 1994, hlm. 2
↑  Plato, Laws, 712e-d
1 2  Aristoteles, Politiká, 1294b
↑  Pomeroy, 1999, hlmn. 149–153
↑  Buckley, 1996, hlm. 76
↑  Rhodes 1981, hlmn. 498–502
↑  Likorgos Encyclopædia Britannica Daring
↑  Raaflaub 2007, hlm. 37
↑  Buckley, 1996, hlmn. 65–85
↑  Pomeroy, 1999, hlm. 143
↑  Pomeroy, 1999, hlm. 152
↑  Raaflaub 2007, hlmn. 40–1
↑  Pomeroy, 1999, hlmn. 159–164
↑  Raaflaud, 2007, hlm. 50
↑  Raaflaud, 2007, hlm. 51
↑  Pomeroy, 1999, hlmn. 164–5
1 2 3  Solon, Encyclopædia Britannica Daring
↑  Robinson, 2003, hlmn. 54–55, 76–98
↑  Raaflaud, 2007, hlmn. 60–68
↑  Robinson, 2003, hlm. 76
↑  Raaflaud, 2007, hlmn. 67–72
↑  Peisistratos Encyclopædia Britannica Daring
1 2  Kleistenes dari Athena Encyclopædia Britannica Daring
↑  Buckley, 1996, hlmn. 138–140
↑  Raaflaud, 2007, hlm. 77
↑  Raaflaud, 2007 hlmn. 144–149
1 2 3 4  Clarke, 2001, hlmn. 194–201
↑  Ober, 2008, hlm. 63
↑  Raaflaub, 2008, hlm. 140
↑  Tukidides, Sejarah Perang Peloponesos, 2.37.2–3
↑  M. H. Hansen, J. A. Crook, The Athenian democracy in the age of Demosthenes, University of Oklahoma Press, 1999, ISBN 0-8061-3143-8, Tautan Google Books
↑  L. Carson, B. Martin, Random Selection in Politics, Greenwood Publishing Group, 1999, ISBN 0-275-96702-6, Google Books link
↑  kecuali Boule of 500; warga miskin boleh menolak jabatan sebagai anggota Boule jika terpilih.
↑  Boule (Muktamar Yunani Kuno) Encyclopædia Britannica Daring
↑  Powell, 2001, hlmn. 300–304
↑  Raafaub, 2007, hlm. 5
↑  Hall, Peter (1999). Cities in Civilisation. London: Orion. hlm. 24. ISBN 9780753808153.
↑  Aristoteles, Politiká.1317b (Book 6, Part II)
↑  Plato, Politeia
↑  Aristoteles, Politiká
1 2  
Catatan-catatan seminar oleh Prof. Paul Cartledge di Universitas Cambridge, The Socratics' Sparta And Rousseau's Diarsipkan 28 June 2006 di Wayback Machine. Institut Penelitian Sejarah (Institute of Historical Research)
↑  Hansen, (1992), hlmn. 14–30
↑  Ober, 1996, hlmn. 15–6
↑  Watson, 2005, hlm. 285
↑  Livy, 2002, hlm. 34
↑  Watson, 2005, hlm. 271
1 2  Livy, 2002, hlm. 23
1 2  Durant, 1942, hlm. 23
↑  Pandangan ini sudah sangat tua umurnya manakala Polibius membawanya ke Roma untuk dipergunakan (Walbank 2002: 281).
↑  Balot, 2009, hlm. 194
1 2 3 4  Balot, 2009, hlm. 216
1 2  Liv 1.43.11
↑  Dion. Ant. Rom. 4.20.5
↑  Polyb. 6.51
↑  Balot, 2009, hlmn. 164–165
↑  Balot, 2009, hlm. 176
↑  Gibbon The History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire, bab XLIX, LII; hlmn. 1685,1857 edisi Heritage Club (1946). Untuk pandangan mutakhir, lihat David Nicolle; Carolingian cavalryman, AD 768–987, hlm. 45 ff. Sumber-sumber menengah cenderung diwarnai meme "lembaga-lembaga bebas dari para leluhur Jermanik kita".
↑  Burnt Njal's Saga, Magnus Magnusson (penerjemah), prakata.
↑  JRC Carter, Tribes in Oman, hlm. 103. London: Peninsular Publishers, 1982. ISBN 0907151027
1 2  A Country Study: Oman, bab 6 Oman – Government and Politics, bagian: Historical Patterns of Governance. Perpustakaan Kongres Amerika Serikat, 1993. Diakses 2006-10-28
↑  Donald Hawley, Oman, hlm. 201. Edisi Yubileum. Kensington: Stacey International, 1995. ISBN 0905743636
↑  Kasper, M. Baskische Geschichte Primus: 1997
↑  "Origins and growth of Parliament". The National Archives. Diakses tanggal 2013-11-17.
↑  "Citizen or Subject?". The National Archives. Diakses tanggal 2013-11-17.
1 2  Weatherford, J. McIver (1988). Indian givers: how the Indians of the Americas transformed the world. New York: Fawcett Columbine. hlm. 133. ISBN 0-449-90496-2.
1 2  Tooker E (1990). "The United States Constitution and the Iroquois League".  Dalam Clifton JA. The Invented Indian: cultural fictions and government policies. New Brunswick, N.J., U.S.A: Transaction Publishers. hlm. 107–128. ISBN 1-56000-745-1.
↑  
Professor Norman Davies on the Polish Lithuanian Commonwealth – the Noble Democracy, which deliberately wanted to avoid an Emperor
↑  Sebagai contoh, lihat bab 1–2 dalam Maciej Janowski, Polish Liberal Thought Before 1918: Before 1918, Central European University Press, 2004, ISBN 963-9241-18-0
↑  "From legal document to public myth: Magna Carta in the 17th century". The British Library. Diakses tanggal 2017-10-16 ; "Magna Carta: Magna Carta in the 17th Century". The Society of Antiquaries of London. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2018-09-25. Diakses tanggal 2017-10-16.
↑  "Charles I and the Petition of Right". UK Parliament.
↑  "Britain's unwritten constitution". British Library. Diakses tanggal 27 November 2015. Hal yang paling penting adalah Undang-Undang Hak Warga Negara tahun 1689, yang menjadikan kedudukan Parlemen lebih tinggi daripada kedudukan raja.... Dengan demikian Undang-Undang Hak Warga Negara tahun 1689 menjadikan Parlemen sebagai lembaga yang mengatasi hak-hak istimewa kepala monarki, sehingga parlemen dapat bersidang secara teratur, rakyat jelata mendapatkan hak pilih secara bebas, para peserta debat-debat parlemen dijamin kebebasannya untuk mengutarakan pendapat, sejumlah hak asasi manusia terjamin, yang paling terkenal adalah terjaminnya kebebasan dari ‘hukuman kejam atau hukuman luar biasa’.
↑  "Citizenship 1625-1789". The National Archives. Diakses tanggal 2013-11-17.
↑  Dr Andrew Blick and Professor George Jones — No 10 guest historian series, Prime Ministers and No. 10 (1 January 2012). "The Institution of Prime Minister". Government of the United Kingdom: History of Government Blog. Diakses tanggal 15 April 2016.
↑  Carter, Byrum E. (2015) [1955]. "The Historical Development of the Office of Prime Minister". Office of the Prime Minister. Princeton University Press. hlm. 22–25. ISBN 9781400878260.
↑  Davies, Norman (1996). Europe: A History. Oxford University Press. hlm. 699. ISBN 0-19-820171-0.
↑  Hoppe, Hans-Hermann (2011-12-31). DemocracyThe God That Failed: The Economics and Politics of Monarchy, Democracy, and Natural Order. Transaction Publishers. hlm. 103. ISBN 9781412815291.
↑  Weir, Robert E. (2007). Class in America: H-P (dalam bahasa Inggris). Greenwood Publishing Group. hlm. 566. ISBN 9780313337215.
↑  "'Natural Aristocracy' and the U.S. Constitution". National Review. Diakses tanggal 2018-01-17.
↑  "Equality: John Adams to Thomas Jefferson". press-pubs.uchicago.edu. Diakses tanggal 2016-08-04.
↑  "Jefferson, Adams, and the Natural Aristocracy". First Things. Diakses tanggal 2018-01-17.
↑  Aughey, Arthur; Jones, Greta; Riches, William Terence Martin (1992). The Conservative Political Tradition in Britain and the United States. Fairleigh Dickinson Univ Press. hlm. 114. ISBN 9780838635001.
↑  Johnston, Douglas M.; Reisman, W. Michael (2008). The Historical Foundations of World Order. Leiden: Martinus Nijhoff Publishers. hlm. 544. ISBN 9047423933.
↑  "Democracy and the Founding Fathers". Dynamic Doingness. Diakses tanggal 2018-01-17.
↑  "Expansion of Rights and Liberties - The Right of Suffrage". Online Exhibit: The Charters of Freedom. National Archives. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 6 Juli 2016. Diakses tanggal 21 April 2015.
↑  Center for History and New Media, George Mason University. "Decree of the National Convention of 4 February 1794, Abolishing Slavery in all the Colonies". Diakses tanggal 2009-09-26.
↑  French National Assembly. "1848 " Désormais le bulletin de vote doit remplacer le fusil "" (dalam bahasa Prancis). Diakses tanggal 2009-09-26.
↑  Stanley L. Engerman, University of Rochester and NBER; Kenneth L. Sokoloff, University of California, Los Angeles and NBER (February 2005). "The Evolution of Suffrage Institutions in the New World" (PDF): 16, 35. Diarsipkan dari versi asli (PDF) tanggal 2020-11-11. Diakses tanggal 2018-02-07. Pada tahun 1840, hanya tiga negara bagian yang masih mempertahankan syarat memiliki properti, yakni North Carolina (untuk beberapa jabatan bertaraf negara bagian saja), Rhode Island, dan Virginia. Pada tahun 1856, North Carolina menjadi negara bagian terakhir yang mengakhiri praktik ini. Syarat-syarat membayar pajak juga dihapuskan di seluruh negara bagian kecuali di segelintir negara bagian pada saat berlangsungnya Perang Saudara Amerika Serikat, tetapi bertahan sampai memasuki abad ke-20 di Pennsylvania dan Rhode Island. Pemeliharaan CS1: Banyak nama: authors list (link)
↑  Wiesner-Hanks, Merry E.; Evans, Andrew D.; Wheeler, William Bruce; Ruff, Julius (2014). Discovering the Western Past, Jilid II: Since 1500. Cengage Learning. hlm. 336. ISBN 1111837171.
↑  Price, Richard (1999). British Society 1680-1880: Dynamism, Containment and Change (dalam bahasa Inggris). Cambridge University Press. hlm. 289. ISBN 9780521657013.
↑  "Salinan arsip". Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2018-08-17. Diakses tanggal 2018-02-07.
↑  Rummel 1997, hlm. 257. "A current list of liberal democracies includes: Andorra, Argentina, ..., Cyprus, ..., Israel, ..."
↑  "Global Survey 2006: Middle East Progress Amid Global Gains in Freedom". Freedom House (2005-12-19). Diakses pada 1 Juli 2007.
↑  "How the Westminster Parliamentary System was exported around the World". University of Cambridge. 2 Desember 2013. Diakses tanggal 16 Desember 2013.
↑  Freedom in The World report, 2017 (PDF)
↑  Freedom House. 1999. "Democracy’s Century: A Survey of Global Political Change in the 20th Century." Diarsipkan 2000-08-18 di Wayback Machine.
↑  Robinson, 1997, hlmn. 24–5
↑  Thorley, 1996, hlm. 2
↑  Dunn, 2006, hlm. 13
↑  Strauss, 1994, hlm. 32
↑  Cartledge, 1994, hlm. 27
↑  Ober, 1996, hlm. 107
↑  The Federalist No. 10
↑  The Federalist No. 51