Kekaisaran Mali
Catatan kaki

↑  Turchin, Peter and Jonathan M. Adams and Thomas D. Hall: "East-West Orientation of Historical Empires and Modern States", page 222. Journal of World-Systems Research, Vol. XII, No. II, 2006
↑  Turchin, Peter and Jonathan M. Adams and Thomas D. Hall: "East-West Orientation of Historical Empires and Modern States", page 222. Journal of World-Systems Research, Vol. XII, No. II, 2006
↑  Matt Schaffer, "Bound to Africa: The Mandinka Legacy in The New World"[pranala nonaktif permanen], diakses pada 10 Juni 2008.
↑  McCannon, halaman 133
1 2  Kelahiran kekaisaran Manden,
↑  Perkenalan Manden
↑  Wiracarita Sundjata Humanities Department, Central Oregon Community College
↑  Wagadou atau Kekaisaran Ghana. Soninkara.org
↑  "Sejarah Afrika". Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2008-01-18. Diakses tanggal 2008-01-09.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7  Niane, D.T: "Sundiata: An Epic of Old Mali". Longman, 1995
↑  The Wangara, an Old Soninke Diaspora in West Africa? A. W. Massing
↑  Heusch, Luc de: "The Symbolic Mechanisms of Sacred Kingship: Rediscovering Frazer". The Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute, 1997
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20  Stride, G.T & C. Ifeka: "Peoples and Empires of West Africa: West Africa in History 1000-1800". Nelson, 1971
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25  Niane, D.T.: "Recherches sur l’Empire du Mali au Moyen âge". Presence Africaine. Paris, 1975
↑  Mengenai Manden
↑  African Empires to 1500 CE
↑  Person, Yves: "SAMORI: UNE REVOLUTION DYULA". Nimes, impr. Barnier, 1968
↑
↑  "Mali: Geografi dan Sejarah". Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2001-10-30. Diakses tanggal 2008-01-10.
↑  "Sejarah Guinea-Bissau". Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2010-11-01. Diakses tanggal 2008-01-10.
↑  Piagam Kurukan Fuga
1 2  Levitzion, N: "The Thirteenth- and Fourteenth-Century Kings of Mali". The Journal of African History, Vol. 4, No. 3. Cambridge University Press, 1963
↑  Senegal: History and Geography.
1 2  The Empire of Mali (Mandigo Empire)
↑  Sejarah Afrika: Perdagangan
↑  "The army and armaments in Mali". Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2008-01-18. Diakses tanggal 2008-01-09.
↑  "Sejarah Mali". Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2008-01-18. Diakses tanggal 2008-01-09.
↑  Joan Baxter, "Africa's 'greatest explorer.'" BBC. 13 Desember 2000.
↑  "Wealth: Africa and Europe". Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2008-01-24. Diakses tanggal 2008-01-24.
1 2  Blanchard, page 1119
↑  Stiansen & Guyer, page 88
↑  Bernadette D. Bennett. WEST AFRICAN KINGDOMS Diarsipkan 2008-05-31 di Wayback Machine.
↑  Universitas Boston, Kingdom of Mali Diarsipkan 2011-09-26 di Wayback Machine.
↑  "East-West Orientation of Historical Empires and Modern States". Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2012-08-05. Diakses tanggal 2012-08-05.
↑  Niane, D.T.: "Recherches sur l’Empire du Mali au Moyen âge". Paris Press, 1975
↑  "Mansa Masu & Sohgai Empire". Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2009-10-07. Diakses tanggal 2008-01-28.
↑  Thornton, John K.: "Warfare in Atlantic Africa, 1500-1800". Routledge, 1999
↑  Mali[pranala nonaktif permanen]
↑  Empire of Mali (empire mandingue)[pranala nonaktif permanen]
↑  "Mossi (1250-1575 AD)". Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2009-08-02. Diakses tanggal 2008-01-30.
1 2 3 4  "Spatio-Temporal Boundaries of African Civilizations Reconsidered". Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2006-07-11. Diakses tanggal 2008-01-30.
↑  The history of Africa, Peuls et Toucouleurs Peuls and Toucouleurs
1 2  Africa and Slavery 1500-1800
↑  "The CASAMANCE ... du KASA à nos jours KASA's to the present day". Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2015-02-20. Diakses tanggal 2008-01-30.
↑  The Songhai empire (Empire de Gao) (Empire Gao)
1 2  Niane, D.T.: "Histoire et tradition historique du Manding". Presence Africaine, 89. Paris, 1974
1 2  Songhai: Hometown
1 2  Jansen, Jan: "The Representation of Status in Mande: Did the Mali Empire Still Exist in the Nineteenth Century?". History in Africa, Vol. 23. JSTOR, 1996
↑  Jansen, Jan: "THE Younger Brother and the Stranger. In search of a status discourse for Mande". Cashiers d'etudes africanines, 1996
1 2 3 4  Kronologi Mali