Jerman Timur
Catatan kaki

↑  "Bevölkerungsstand". Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2013-11-13. Diakses tanggal 2015-05-19.
↑  "Top-Level-Domain .DD". Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2015-11-04. Diakses tanggal 2015-05-19.
↑  Karl Dietrich Erdmann, Jürgen Kocka, Wolfgang J. Mommsen, Agnes Blänsdorf. Towards a Global Community of Historians: the International Historical Congresses and the International Committee of Historical Sciences 1898–2000. Berghahn Books, 2005, pp. 314. ("However the collapse of the Soviet empire, associated with the disintegration of the Soviet satellite regimes in East-Central Europe, including the German Democratic Republic, brought about a dramatic change of agenda.")
↑  Eugene Register-Guard Diarsipkan 2016-06-03 di Wayback Machine. October 29, 1989. p. 5A.
↑  Peter E. Quint. The Imperfect Union: Constitutional Structures of German Unification Princeton University Press 2012, pp. 125-126.
↑  "More Than 1,100 Berlin Wall Victims". Deutsche Welle. 9 August 2005. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2017-10-19. Diakses tanggal 8 August 2009.
↑  Geoffrey Pridham, Tatu Vanhanen. Democratization in Eastern Europe Routledge, 1994. ISBN 0-415-11063-7 pp. 135
1 2  Berlin Korrespondent. "Nationale Front in der Ostzone". Die Zeit, June 1949. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2013-11-11. Diakses tanggal 10 May 2013.
↑  Vom Sogenannten Diarsipkan 2019-01-29 di Wayback Machine., Der Spiegel, 21 October 1968, page 65
↑  Facts about Germany: The Federal Republic of Germany Diarsipkan 2023-02-18 di Wayback Machine., 1959 - Germany (West), page 20
↑  Namun, penggunaan singkatan BRD (RFJ) untuk Jerman Barat, Bundesrepublik Deutschland (Republik Federal Jerman) tidak pernah diterima di Jerman Barat karena dianggap pernyataan politik. Maka BRD (RFJ) adalah istilah yang digunakan oleh Jerman Timur, atau oleh warga Jerman Barat yang mempunyai pandangan pro-Jerman Timur. Dalam penggunaan sehari-hari, warga Jerman Barat menyebut Jerman Barat sebagai "Jerman" saja (menggambarkan klaim Jerman Barat untuk mewakilkan keseluruhan Jerman) atau Bundesrepublik atau Bundesgebiet (republik federal atau wilayah federal), untuk menyebut negaranya, dan Bundesbürger (warga federal) untuk menyebut warganya, dengan adjektiva, bundesdeutsch (Jerman federal).
↑  Lora Wildenthal. The Language of Human Rights in West Germany. hlm. 210.
↑  Cornfield, Daniel B. and  Hodson, Randy (2002). Worlds of Work: Building an International Sociology of Work. Springer, p. 223. ISBN 0306466058
↑  Östereichische Zeitschrift für Soziologie Diarsipkan 2017-03-01 di Wayback Machine., by Michael Pollock. Zeitschrift für Soziologie; ZfS, Jg. 8, Heft 1 (1979); 50-62. 01/1979 (Jerman)
↑  Baranowsky, Shelley (1995). The Sanctity of Rural Life: Nobility, Protestantism, and Nazism in Weimar Prussia. Oxford University Press, pp. 187-188. ISBN 0195361660
↑  Schmitt, Carl (1928). Political Romanticism. Transaction Publishers, Preface, p. 11. ISBN 1412844304
↑  Each spring, millions of workmen from all parts of western Russia arrived in eastern Germany, which, in political language, is called East Elbia. from The Stronghold of Junkerdom, by George Sylvester Viereck. Viereck's, Volume 8. Fatherland Corporation, 1918
↑  Gerhard A. Ritter, "Die DDR in der deutschen Geschichte," [The GDR in German history] Vierteljahrshefte für Zeitgeschichte, Apr 2002, Vol. 50 Issue 2, pp 171–200; this author is the son of historian Gerhard Ritter.
↑  "Yalta Conference". spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2011-05-14. Diakses tanggal 25 September 2010.
↑  Stiftung Haus der Geschichte der Bundesrepublik Deutschland. "LeMO Kapitel: Zwangsvereinigung zur SED". hdg.de. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2012-06-14. Diakses tanggal 2016-12-25.
↑  Lihat Spilker (2006)
↑  See Anna M. Cienciala "History 557 Lecture Notes Diarsipkan 2010-06-20 di Wayback Machine.
↑  Steininger, Rolf (1990). The German Question: The Stalin Note of 1952 and the Problem of Reunification. New York: Columbia University
↑  Roth, Gary. "Review of Hoffmann, Dierk, _Otto Grotewohl (1894-1964): Eine politische Biographie_" H-German, H-Net Reviews. November 2010. online Diarsipkan 2012-10-17 di Wayback Machine.
↑  See SED Party Programme Diarsipkan 2013-05-12 di Wayback Machine.
↑  Debra J. Allen (2003). The Oder-Neisse Line: The United States, Poland, and Germany in the Cold War. Greenwood. hlm. 101–48.
↑  Arthur Gunlicks (2003). The Lander and German Federalism. Manchester University Press. hlm. 36–39.
↑  "State symbols: the quest for legitimacy in the Federal Republic of Germany and the German Democratic Republic, 1949–1959", by Margarete Myers Feinstein, page 78: " ... claims of East Berlin as the capital of the GDR, ... East Berlin was not recognized by the West and most Third World countries"
↑  Michael D. Haydock, City Under Siege: The Berlin Blockade and Airlift, 1948–1949 (2000)
↑  Weitz 1997, hlm. 350: Following a Soviet order in February 1948, the German Economic Commission became a nascent state structure for all intents and purposes, with competence far beyond the economy proper and it was granted power to issue orders and directives to all German organs within the Soviet Occupation Zone.
↑  McCauley 1983, hlm. 38: The DWK had become the de facto government of the Soviet zone. Its chairman was Heinrich Rau (SED) and four of his six deputies were also SED members.
↑  Patrick Major and Jonathan Osmund, Workers' and Peasants' State: Communism and Society in East Germany under Ulbricht, 1945–71 (2002)
↑  East Berlin 17 June 1953: Stones Against Tanks Diarsipkan 2011-01-23 di Wayback Machine., Deutsche Welle. Retrieved 16 May 2007
↑  Victor Baras, "Beria's Fall and Ulbricht's Survival," Soviet Studies, 1975, Vol. 27 Issue 3, pp. 381–395
1 2  Norman M. Naimark. The Russians in Germany: A History of the Soviet Zone of Occupation, 1945–1949. Harvard University Press, 1995. ISBN 0-674-78405-7 pp. 167–9
↑  Frederick Taylor, Berlin Wall: A World Divided, 1961–1989 (2007)
↑  Henry Krisch, "Soviet-GDR Relations in the Honecker Era," East Central Europe, Dec 1979, Vol. 6 Issue 2, pp 152–172
1 2  "EAST GERMANY: The Price of Recognition". TIME.com. 1 January 1973. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2011-12-18. Diakses tanggal 2016-12-25.
↑  David Priestand, Red Flag: A History of Communism," New York: Grove Press, 2009
1 2 3  Eric D. Weitz, Creating German Communism, 1890-1990: From Popular Protests to Socialist State. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1997
↑  by Mary Fulbrook, page = 32, 2011, A History of Germany 1918-2008: The Divided Nation
↑  Jana Hensel, Zonenkinder, Berlin: Rowohlt, 2004
↑  The Berlin Wall (1961–89) Diarsipkan 2005-04-19 di Archive.is German Notes. Retrieved 24 October 2006.
↑  Darnton, Robert, Berlin Journal (New York, 1992, W.W. Norton) pp.98–99
1 2  Mary Elise Sarotte, Collapse: The Accidental Opening of the Berlin Wall, New York: Basic Books, 2014
↑  For example the economist Jörg Roesler – see: Jörg Roesler: Ein Anderes Deutschland war möglich. Alternative Programme für das wirtschaftliche Zusammengehen beider deutscher Staaten, in: Jahrbuch für Forschungen zur Geschichte der Arbeiterbewegung, No. II/2010, pp.34-46. The historian Ulrich Busch argued that the currency union came too early; see Ulrich Busch: Die Währungsunion am 1. Juli 1990: Wirtschaftspolitische Fehlleistung mit Folgen, in: Jahrbuch für Forschungen zur Geschichte der Arbeiterbewegung, No. II/2010, pp.5-24.
↑  David P. Conradt, The German Polity (2008) p. 20
↑  Mary Elise Sarotte, 1989: The Struggle to Create Post-Cold War Europe (Second Edition) Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2014
↑  "East Germany: country population". Populstat.info. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2010-08-11. Diakses tanggal 28 March 2010.
↑  "In the period between the Second World War and 1961, a total of 3.8 million people emigrated from East to West Germany." Laar, M. (2009). "The Power of Freedom. Central and Eastern Europe after 1945." Centre for European Studies, p. 58. http://www.poweroffreedombook.com/preview_PoF.pdf Diarsipkan 2013-11-11 di Wayback Machine.
↑  "Germany Population – Historical Background". Country-studies.com. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2009-11-01. Diakses tanggal 28 March 2010.
↑  Destatis.de Diarsipkan 2009-08-13 di Wayback Machine. page 17
↑  Chambers, Madeline,No remorse from Stasi as Berlin marks fall of Wall Diarsipkan 2015-10-16 di Wayback Machine., Reuters, 4 Nov 2009.
↑  Angela Merkel 'turned down' job from Stasi Diarsipkan 2020-12-02 di Wayback Machine., The Daily Telegraph, 14 November 2012.
↑  Connolly, Kate,'Puzzlers' reassemble shredded Stasi files, bit by bit Diarsipkan 2016-03-06 di Wayback Machine., The Los Angeles Times, 1 November 2009.
↑  Calio, Jim, The Stasi Prison Ghosts Diarsipkan 2016-05-07 di Wayback Machine., The Huffington Post, 18 November 2009.
↑  Rosenberg, Steve, Computers to solve Stasi puzzle Diarsipkan 2009-01-15 di Wayback Machine., BBC, 25 May 2007.
↑  New Study Finds More Stasi Spooks Diarsipkan 2012-11-19 di Wayback Machine., Der Spiegel, 11 March 2008.
↑  Torsten Diedrich, Hans Ehlert, Rüdiger Wenzke: "Im Dienste der Partei: Handbuch der bewaffneten Organe der DDR" ISBN 978-3861531609,page 318
↑  Mark Allinson, Politics and Popular Opinion in East Germany 1945-1968 (2000) ch 1
↑  Schnoor, "The Good and the Bad America: Perceptions of the United States in the GDR," 2:618-26
↑  Thomas Adam (2005). Germany and the Americas: Culture, Politics, and History ; a Multidisciplinary Encyclopedia. ABC-CLIO. hlm. 1067. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2023-02-18. Diakses tanggal 2016-12-26.
↑  Moscow's Third World Strategy Diarsipkan 2023-02-18 di Wayback Machine., Alvin Z. Rubinstein, Princeton University Press, 1990
↑  "Business America. (27 February 1989). German Democratic Republic: long history of sustained economic growth continues; 1989 may be an advantageous year to consider this market – Business Outlook Abroad: Current Reports from the Foreign Service". Business America. 1989. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2007-11-09. Diakses tanggal 2 October 2007.
↑  Boroch, Wilfried (1996), "Social policy as an institutional transformation problem", Transition Economies, Volume 31, Number 3, pp139-146
↑  Jonathan R. Zatlin, The Currency of Socialism: Money and Political Culture in East Germany (2007)
↑  Mary Fulbrook, "The Limits Of Totalitarianism: God, State and Society in the GDR," Transactions of the Royal Historical Society, Jan 1957, Vol. 7 Issue 1, pp 25–52
↑  Paul Tillich. Christianity and the Encounter of the World Religions (New York: Columbia University Press, 1963), p. 20.
↑  Fulbrook, "The Limits Of Totalitarianism: God, State and Society in the GDR"
↑  "WHY EASTERN GERMANY IS THE MOST GODLESS PLACE ON EARTH". Die Welt. 2012. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2012-08-26. Diakses tanggal 2009-05-24. The statistics are most striking among those under 28 years old: more than 71% of eastern Germans in this age group say they have never believed in the existence of God. That's nearly as many as in the 38-47 group, of which 72.6% are non-believers. [...] Approximately 46% of East Germans surveyed described themselves as atheists, compared to [...] 4.9% of West Germans. [...] In eastern Germany, the trend actually strengthened over time: between 1991 and 2008 the number of atheists increased by 3.4% while during the same period the number sank by 11.7% in Russia.
↑  "East Germany the "most atheistic" of any region". Dialog International. 2012. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2012-12-13. Diakses tanggal 2009-05-24. 'Atheism is strongest in northwest European countries such as Scandinavia and the former Soviet states (except for Poland). The former East Germany had the highest rate of people who said they never believed in God (59 percent) [...].'
↑  Gereja di Jerman Timur antara lain Gereja Injili Anhalt, Gereja Injili di Berlin, Brandenburg dan Dataran Atas Lusatia#Gereja Injili di Berlin-Brandenburg, Gereja Injili Schlesien, Gereja Injili di Greifswald, Gereja Lutheran Injili Mecklenburg, Gereja Lutheran Injili Sachsen, dan Gereja Lutheran Injili Thüringen.
↑  Martin Onnasch, "Konflikt und Kompromiss: Die Haltung der evangelischen Kirchen zu den gesellschaftlichen Veränderungen in der DDR am Anfang der fünfziger Jahre," ["Conflict and compromise: the position of the Protestant churches with regard to social changes in the GDR at the beginning of the 1950s"], Kirchliche Zeitgeschichte / Halbjahresschrift für Theologie und Geschichtswisseschaft, 1990, Vol. 3 Issue 1, page 152–165
1 2  Stephen R. Bowers, "Private Institutions in Service to the State: The German Democratic Republic's Church in Socialism," East European Quarterly, Spring 1982, Vol. 16 Issue 1, page 73–86
↑  Bernd Schaefer (2010). The East German State and the Catholic Church, 1945-1989. Berghahn Books. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2023-02-18. Diakses tanggal 2016-12-26.  ch 1
↑  Adrian Webb (2008). Routledge Companion to Central and Eastern Europe since 1919. Taylor & Francis. hlm. 185. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2023-02-18. Diakses tanggal 2016-12-26.
↑  Interview with the GDR’s Margot Honecker — 'The past was brought back' Diarsipkan 2015-12-21 di Wayback Machine., Workers World, November 16, 2015
↑  Jürgen Kocka, ed. (2010). Civil Society & Dictatorship in Modern German History. UPNE. hlm. 37. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2023-02-18. Diakses tanggal 2016-12-26. Pemeliharaan CS1: Teks tambahan: authors list (link)
↑  Martin Blum, "Remaking the East German Past: 'Ostalgie,' Identity, and Material Culture," Journal of Popular Culture, Winter 2000, Vol. 34 Issue 3, pp 229–54
↑  Leonie Naughton (2002). That Was the Wild East: Film Culture, Unification, and the "New" Germany. U. of Michigan Press. hlm. 14. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2023-02-18. Diakses tanggal 2016-12-26.
↑  Andrew Bickford (2011). Fallen Elites: The Military Other in Post-Unification Germany. Stanford U.P. hlm. 10. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2023-02-18. Diakses tanggal 2016-12-26.