Abad Pertengahan
Kutipan

1 2  Power Central Middle Ages hlm. 304
1 2  Mommsen "Petrarch's Conception of the 'Dark Ages'" Speculum hlmn. 236–237
↑  Singman Daily Life hlm. x
↑  Knox "Sejarah Gagasan Abad Pembaharuan"
1 2  Bruni History of the Florentine people hlm. xvii
↑  Miglio "Curial Humanism" Interpretations of Renaissance Humanism hlm. 112
↑  Albrow Global Age hlm. 205
1 2  Murray "Should the Middle Ages Be Abolished?" Essays in Medieval Studies hlm. 4
↑  Flexner (ed.) Random House Dictionary hlm. 1194
↑  "Middle Ages" Dictionary.com
1 2 3  Wickham Inheritance of Rome hlm. 86
↑  Lihat Watts, Making of Polities Europe 1300–1500, atau Epstein, Economic History of Later Medieval Europe 1000–1500, atau tarikh penutup yang digunakan dalam Holmes (penyunting), Oxford History of Medieval Europe
1 2  Davies Europe hlmn. 291–293
↑  Lihat Companion to Medieval England 1066–1485 oleh Saul
↑  Kamen Spain 1469–1714 hlm. 29
↑  Mommsen "Petrarch's Conception of the 'Dark Ages'" Speculum hlm. 226
↑  Tansey, dkk. Gardner's Art Through the Ages hlm. 242
↑  Cunliffe Europe Between the Oceans hlmn. 391–393
↑  Collins Early Medieval Europe hlm. 3–5
1 2  Heather Fall of the Roman Empire hlm. 111
1 2  Brown World of Late Antiquity hlmn. 24–25
1 2  Collins Early Medieval Europe hlm. 9
↑  Collins Early Medieval Europe hlm. 24
↑  Cunliffe Europe Between the Oceans hlmn. 405–406
↑  Collins Early Medieval Europe hlmn. 31–33
↑  Brown World of Late Antiquity hlm. 34
↑  Brown World of Late Antiquity hlmn. 65–68
↑  Brown World of Late Antiquity hlmn. 82–94
↑  Collins Early Medieval Europe hlm. 51
↑  Bauer History of the Medieval World hlmn. 47–49
↑  Bauer History of the Medieval World hlmn. 56–59
↑  Bauer History of the Medieval World hlmn. 80–83
↑  Collins Early Medieval Europe hlmn. 59–60
1 2  Cunliffe Europe Between the Oceans hlm. 417
↑  Collins Early Medieval Europe hlm. 80
↑  James Europe's Barbarians hlmn. 67–68
↑  Bauer History of the Medieval World hlmn. 117–118
↑  Wickham Inheritance of Rome hlm. 79
↑  Collins Early Medieval Europe hlmn. 107–109
↑  Collins Early Medieval Europe hlmn. 116–134
↑  Brown, World of Late Antiquity, hlmn. 122–124
↑  Wickham, Inheritance of Rome, hlmn. 95–98
↑  Wickham, Inheritance of Rome, hlmn. 100–101
↑  Collins, Early Medieval Europe, hlm. 100
1 2  Collins, Early Medieval Europe, hlmn. 96–97
↑  Wickham, Inheritance of Rome, hlmn. 102–103
↑  Backman, Worlds of Medieval Europe, pp. 86–91
↑  Coredon Dictionary of Medieval Terms hlm. 261
↑  James Europe's Barbarians hlmn. 82–88
1 2  James Europe's Barbarians hlmn. 77–78
↑  James Europe's Barbarians hlmn. 79–80
1 2  James Europe's Barbarians hlmn. 78–81
↑  Collins Early Medieval Europe hlmn. 196–208
↑  Davies Europe hlmn. 235–238
↑  Adams History of Western Art hlmn. 158–159
↑  Wickham Inheritance of Rome hlmn. 81–83
↑  Bauer History of the Medieval World hlmn. 200–202
↑  Collins Early Medieval Europe hlmn. 126, 130
1 2  Bauer History of the Medieval World hlmn. 206–213
↑  Brown "Transformation of the Roman Mediterranean" Oxford Illustrated History of Medieval Europe hlmn. 8–9
↑  James Europe's Barbarians hlmn. 95–99
↑  Collins Early Medieval Europe hlmn. 140–143
↑  Brown World of Late Antiquity hlmn. 174–175
↑  Brown World of Late Antiquity hlm. 181
↑  Brown "Transformation of the Roman Mediterranean" Oxford Illustrated History of Medieval Europe hlmn. 45–49
↑  Coredon Dictionary of Medieval Terms hlm. 80
↑  Geary Before France and Germany hlmn. 56–57
↑  Wickham Inheritance of Rome hlmn. 189–193
↑  Wickham Inheritance of Rome hlmn. 195–199
↑  Wickham Inheritance of Rome hlm. 204
↑  Wickham Inheritance of Rome hlmn. 205–210
↑  Wickham Inheritance of Rome hlmn. 211–212
↑  Wickham Inheritance of Rome hlm. 215
↑  Brown "Transformation of the Roman Mediterranean" Oxford Illustrated History of Medieval Europe hlmn. 24–26
↑  Gies and Gies Life in a Medieval City hlmn. 3–4
1 2 3 4  Loyn "Jews" Middle Ages hlm. 191
↑  Collins Early Medieval Europe hlmn. 138–139
↑  Collins Early Medieval Europe hlmn. 143–145
↑  Collins Early Medieval Europe hlmn. 149–151
↑  Reilly Medieval Spains hlmn. 52–53
↑  Brown "Transformation of the Roman Mediterranean" Oxford Illustrated History of Medieval Europe hlm. 15
↑  Cunliffe Europe Between the Oceans hlmn. 427–428
↑  Wickham Inheritance of Rome hlmn. 218–219
↑  Grierson "Coinage and currency" Middle Ages
↑  Collins Early Medieval Europe hlmn. 218–233
↑  Davies Europe hlmn. 328–332
↑  Wickham Inheritance of Rome hlmn. 170–172
↑  Colish Medieval Foundations hlmn. 62–63
↑  Lawrence Medieval Monasticism hlmn. 10–13
↑  Lawrence Medieval Monasticism hlmn. 18–24
↑  Wickham Inheritance of Rome hlmn. 185–187
↑  Hamilton Religion in the Medieval West hlmn. 43–44
↑  Colish Medieval Foundations hlmn. 64–65
↑  Bauer History of the Medieval World hlmn. 246–253
↑  Bauer History of the Medieval World hlmn. 347–349
↑  Bauer History of the Medieval World hlm. 344
↑  Wickham Inheritance of Rome hlmn. 158–159
↑  Wickham Inheritance of Rome hlm. 164–165
↑  Stalley Early Medieval Architecture hlm. 73
↑  Bauer History of the Medieval World hlm. 371–378
↑  Brown "Transformation of the Roman Mediterranean" Oxford Illustrated History of Medieval Europe hlm. 20
↑  Davies Europe hlm. 824
1 2  Backman Worlds of Medieval Europe hlm. 109
↑  Backman Worlds of Medieval Europe hlmn. 117–120
↑  Davies Europe hlm. 302
↑  Davies Europe hlm. 241
↑  Colish Medieval Foundations hlm. 66–70
↑  Loyn "Language and dialect" Middle Ages hlm. 204
1 2  Bauer History of the Medieval World hlmn. 427–431
↑  Backman Worlds of Medieval Europe hlm. 139
↑  Collins Early Medieval Europe hlmn. 356–358
↑  Collins Early Medieval Europe hlmn. 358–359
1 2 3  Collins Early Medieval Europe hlmn. 360–361
↑  Collins Early Medieval Europe hlm. 397
↑  Backman Worlds of Medieval Europe hlmn. 141–144
↑  Davies Europe hlmn. 336–339
↑  Backman Worlds of Medieval Europe hlmn. 144–145
↑  Bauer History of the Medieval World hlmn. 147–149
↑  Collins Early Medieval Europe hlmn. 378–385
↑  Collins Early Medieval Europe hlm. 387
↑  Davies Europe hlm. 309
↑  Collins Early Medieval Europe hlmn. 394–404
↑  Davies Europe hlmn. 317
↑  Wickham Inheritance of Rome hlmn. 435–439
↑  Whitton "Society of Northern Europe" Oxford Illustrated History of Medieval Europe hlm. 152
↑  Wickham Inheritance of Rome hlmn. 439–444
↑  Collins Early Medieval Europe hlmn. 385–389
↑  Wickham Inheritance of Rome hlmn. 500–505
↑  Davies Europe hlmn. 318–320
↑  Davies Europe hlmn. 321–326
↑  Crampton Concise History of Bulgaria hlm. 12
↑  Curta Southeastern Europe hlmn. 246–247
↑  Nees Early Medieval Art hlm. 145
↑  Stalley Early Medieval Architecture hlmn. 29–35
↑  Stalley Early Medieval Architecture hlmn. 43–44
↑  Cosman Medieval Wordbook hlm. 247
↑  Stalley Early Medieval Architecture hlmn. 45, 49
↑  Kitzinger Early Medieval Art hlmn. 36–53, 61–64
↑  Henderson Early Medieval hlmn. 18–21, 63–71
↑  Henderson Early Medieval hlmn. 36–42, 49–55, 103, 143, 204–208
↑  Benton Art of the Middle Ages hlmn. 41–49
↑  Lasko Ars Sacra hlm. 16–18
↑  Henderson Early Medieval hlmn. 233–238
↑  Nicolle Medieval Warfare Source Book: Warfare in Western Christendom hlmn. 28–29
↑  Nicolle Medieval Warfare Source Book: Warfare in Western Christendom hlm. 30
↑  Nicolle Medieval Warfare Source Book: Warfare in Western Christendom hlmn. 30–31
↑  Nicolle Medieval Warfare Source Book: Warfare in Western Christendom hlm. 34
↑  Nicolle Medieval Warfare Source Book: Warfare in Western Christendom hlm. 39
↑  Nicolle Medieval Warfare Source Book: Warfare in Western Christendom hlmn. 58–59
↑  Nicolle Medieval Warfare Source Book: Warfare in Western Christendom hlm. 76
↑  Nicolle Medieval Warfare Source Book: Warfare in Western Christendom hlm. 67
1 2  Nicolle Medieval Warfare Source Book: Warfare in Western Christendom hlm. 80
↑  Nicolle Medieval Warfare Source Book: Warfare in Western Christendom hlmn. 88–91
↑  Whitton "Society of Northern Europe" Oxford Illustrated History of Medieval Europe hlm. 134
↑  Gainty and Ward Sources of World Societies hlm. 352
↑  Jordan Europe in the High Middle Ages hlmn. 5–12
1 2 3  Backman Worlds of Medieval Europe hlm. 156
↑  Backman Worlds of Medieval Europe hlmn. 164–165
↑  Epstein Economic and Social History hlmn. 52–53
↑  Pounds, N. J. G. (1990), An Historical Geography of Europe, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, hlm. 166
↑  "Open-field System", Encyclopedia Britannica https://www.britannica.com/topic/open-field-system, diakses 19 Juli 2018
↑  Barber Two Cities hlmn. 37–41
↑  Cosman Medieval Wordbook hlm. 193
1 2  Davies Europe hlmn. 311–315
↑  Singman Daily Life hlm. 3
1 2  Singman Daily Life hlm. 8
↑  Hamilton Religion on the Medieval West hlm. 33
↑  Singman Daily Life hlm. 143
↑  Barber Two Cities hlmn. 33–34
↑  Barber Two Cities hlmn. 48–49
↑  Singman Daily Life hlm. 171
1 2  Epstein Economic and Social History hlm. 54
↑  Singman Daily Life hlm. 13
1 2  Singman Daily Life pp. 14–15
↑  Singman Daily Life hlmn. 177–178
↑  Epstein Economic and Social History hlm. 81
↑  Epstein Economic and Social History hlmn. 82–83
↑  Barber Two Cities hlmn. 60–67
↑  Backman Worlds of Medieval Europe hlm. 160
↑  Barber Two Cities hlmn. 74–76
↑  Backman Worlds of Medieval Europe hlmn. 283–284
↑  Barber Two Cities hlmn. 365–380
↑  Davies Europe hlm. 296
↑  Backman Worlds of Medieval Europe hlmn. 262–279
↑  Barber Two Cities hlmn. 371–372
↑  Backman Worlds of Medieval Europe hlmn. 181–186
↑  Jordan Europe in the High Middle Ages hlmn. 143–147
↑  Jordan Europe in the High Middle Ages hlmn. 250–252
↑  Denley "Mediterranean" Oxford Illustrated History of Medieval Europe hlmn. 235–238
↑  Davies Europe hlm. 364
↑  Backman Worlds of Medieval Europe hlmn. 187–189
↑  Jordan Europe in the High Middle Ages hlmn. 59–61
↑  Backman Worlds of Medieval Europe hlmn. 189–196
↑  Davies Europe hlm. 294
↑  Backman Worlds of Medieval Europe hlm. 263
↑  Barlow Feudal Kingdom hlmn. 285–286
1 2  Loyn "Eleanor of Aquitaine" Middle Ages hlm. 122
↑  Backman Worlds of Medieval Europe hlm. 286–289
↑  Backman Worlds of Medieval Europe hlmn. 289–293
↑  Davies Europe hlmn. 355–357
↑  Hallam and Everard Capetian France hlm. 401
1 2  Davies Europe hlm. 345
↑  Barber Two Cities hlm. 341
↑  Barber Two Cities hlmn. 350–351
↑  Barber Two Cities hlmn. 353–355
↑  Kaufmann and Kaufmann Medieval Fortress hlmn. 268–269
↑  Davies Europe hlmn 332–333
↑  Davies Europe hlmn. 386–387
1 2 3  Riley-Smith "Crusades" Middle Ages hlmn. 106–107
↑  Lock Routledge Companion to the Crusades hlmn. 397–399
1 2  Barber Two Cities hlmn. 145–149
↑  Payne Dream and the Tomb hlmn. 204–205
↑  Lock Routledge Companion to the Crusades hlmn. 353–356
↑  Lock Routledge Companion to the Crusades hlmn. 156–161
↑  Backman Worlds of Medieval Europe hlmn. 299–300
↑  Lock Routledge Companion to the Crusades hlm. 122
↑  Lock Routledge Companion to the Crusades hlmn. 205–213
↑  Lock Routledge Companion to the Crusades hlmn. 213–224
↑  Backman Worlds of Medieval Europe hlmn. 232–237
↑  Backman Worlds of Medieval Europe hlmn. 247–252
1 2  Loyn "Scholasticism" Middle Ages hlmn. 293–294
↑  Colish Medieval Foundations hlmn. 295–301
↑  Backman Worlds of Medieval Europe hlmn. 252–260
1 2  Davies Europe hlm. 349
↑  Saul Companion to Medieval England hlmn. 113–114
↑  Backman Worlds of Medieval Europe hlmn. 237–241
↑  Backman Worlds of Medieval Europe hlmn. 241–246
↑  Ilardi, Renaissance Vision, hlmn. 18–19
↑  Backman Worlds of Medieval Europe hlm. 246
↑  Ilardi, Renaissance Vision, hlmn. 4–5, 49
1 2  Epstein Economic and Social History hlm. 45
↑  Backman Worlds of Medieval Europe hlmn. 156–159
↑  Barber Two Cities hlm. 68
↑  Barber Two Cities hlm. 73
↑  Nicolle Medieval Warfare Source Book: Warfare in Western Christendom hlm. 125
↑  Singman Daily Life hlm. 124
↑  Nicolle Medieval Warfare Source Book: Warfare in Western Christendom hlm. 130
1 2  Nicolle Medieval Warfare Source Book: Warfare in Western Christendom hlmn. 296–298
↑  Benton Art of the Middle Ages hlm. 55
↑  Adams History of Western Art hlmn. 181–189
↑  Benton Art of the Middle Ages hlmn. 58–60, 65–66, 73–75
↑  Dodwell Pictorial Arts of the West hlm. 37
↑  Benton Art of the Middle Ages hlmn. 295–299
↑  Lasko Ars Sacra hlmn. 240–250
↑  Benton Art of the Middle Ages hlmn. 91–92
↑  Adams History of Western Art hlmn. 195–216
↑  Benton Art of the Middle Ages hlmn. 185–190; 269–271
↑  Benton Art of the Middle Ages hlm. 250
↑  Benton Art of the Middle Ages hlmn. 135–139, 245–247
↑  Benton Art of the Middle Ages hlmn. 264–278
↑  Benton Art of the Middle Ages hlmn. 248–250
↑  Hamilton Religion in the Medieval West hlm. 47
1 2  Rosenwein Rhinoceros Bound hlmn. 40–41
↑  Barber Two Cities hlmn. 143–144
↑  Morris "Northern Europe" Oxford Illustrated History of Medieval Europe hlm. 199
↑  Barber Two Cities hlmn. 155–167
↑  Barber Two Cities hlmn. 185–192
↑  Loyn "Famine" Middle Ages hlm. 128
↑  Backman Worlds of Medieval Europe hlmn. 373–374
↑  Epstein Economic and Social History hlm. 41
↑  Backman Worlds of Medieval Europe hlm. 370
1 2  Schove "Plague" Middle Ages hlm. 269
↑  Epstein Economic and Social History hlmn. 171–172
↑  Singman Daily Life hlm. 189
↑  Backman Worlds of Medieval Europe hlmn. 374–380
↑  Davies Europe hlmn. 412–413
↑  Epstein Economic and Social History hlmn. 184–185
↑  Epstein Economic and Social History hlmn. 246–247
1 2  Keen Pelican History of Medieval Europe hlmn. 234–237
↑  Vale "Civilization of Courts and Cities" Oxford Illustrated History of Medieval Europe hlmn. 346–349
↑  Loyn "Jews" Middle Ages hlm. 192
1 2  Keen Pelican History of Medieval Europe hlmn. 237–239
↑  Watts Making of Polities hlmn. 201–219
↑  Watts Making of Polities hlmn. 224–233
↑  Watts Making of Polities hlmn. 233–238
↑  Watts Making of Polities hlm. 166
↑  Watts Making of Polities hlm. 169
↑  Loyn "Hundred Years' War" Middle Ages hlm. 176
↑  Barber Edward hlmn. 242–243
↑  Davies Europe hlm. 545
↑  Watts Making of Polities hlmn. 180–181
↑  Watts Making of Polities hlmn. 317–322
↑  Davies Europe hlm. 423
↑  Nicolle Medieval Warfare Source Book: Warfare in Western Christendom hlm. 186
↑  Watts Making of Polities hlmn. 170–171
↑  Watts Making of Polities hlmn. 173–175
↑  Watts Making of Polities hlm. 173
↑  Watts Making of Polities hlmn. 327–332
1 2  Watts Making of Polities hlm. 340
↑  Davies Europe hlmn. 425–426
↑  Davies Europe hlm. 431
↑  Davies Europe hlmn. 408–409
↑  Davies Europe hlmn. 385–389
↑  Davies Europe hlm. 446
↑  Thomson Western Church hlmn. 170–171
↑  Loyn "Avignon" Middle Ages hlm. 45
↑  Loyn "Great Schism" Middle Ages hlm. 153
↑  Thomson Western Church hlmn. 184–187
↑  Thomson Western Church hlmn. 197–199
↑  Thomson Western Church hlm. 218
↑  Thomson Western Church hlmn. 213–217
↑  Loyn "Knights of the Temple (Templars)" Middle Ages hlmn. 201–202
↑  Davies Europe hlmn. 436–437
1 2  Davies Europe hlmn. 433–434
1 2 3  Davies Europe hlmn. 438–439
↑  Singman Daily Life hlm. 224
↑  Keen Pelican History of Medieval Europe hlmn. 282–283
↑  Davies Europe hlm. 445
↑  Davies Europe hlm. 451
↑  Davies Europe hlmn. 454–455
↑  Davies Europe hlm. 511
↑  Nicolle Medieval Warfare Source Book: Warfare in Western Christendom hlm. 180
↑  Nicolle Medieval Warfare Source Book: Warfare in Western Christendom hlm. 183
↑  Nicolle Medieval Warfare Source Book: Warfare in Western Christendom hlm. 188
↑  Nicolle Medieval Warfare Source Book: Warfare in Western Christendom hlm. 185
↑  Epstein Economic and Social History hlmn. 193–194
↑  Singman Daily Life hlm. 36
↑  Singman Daily Life hlm. 38
↑  Epstein Economic and Social History hlmn. 200–201
↑  Epstein Economic and Social History hlmn. 203–204
↑  Epstein Economic and Social History hlm. 213
↑  Benton Art of the Middle Ages hlmn. 253–256
↑  Lightbown Secular Goldsmiths' Work hlm. 78
↑  Benton Art of the Middle Ages hlmn. 257–262
↑  British Library Staff "Incunabula Short Title Catalogue" British Library
↑  Griffiths Prints and Printmaking hlmn. 17–18; 39–46
↑  Lindberg "Medieval Church Encounters" When Science & Christianity Meet hlm. 8
↑  Grant God and Reason hlmn. 9
↑  Quoted in Peters "Science and Religion" Encyclopedia of Religion hlm. 8182
1 2  Russell Inventing the Flat Earth hlmn. 49–58
↑  Grant Planets, Stars, & Orbs hlmn. 626–630
↑  Lindberg and Numbers "Beyond War and Peace" Church History hlm. 342
↑  Numbers "Myths and Truths in Science and Religion: A historical perspective Diarsipkan 2014-10-01 di Wayback Machine." Arsip materi kuliah