Isa
Rujukan

1 2  Sesuai urutan 25 nabi dan rasul
↑  Sesuai urutan 5 ulul azmi
1 2  "CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: The Name of Jesus Christ".
↑  Jennings
↑  The Encyclopaedia Brittanica (1911), 11th Edition. Cambridge, England: University Press
↑  Juferi, Mohd Elfie Nieshaem. "Name of Jesus". Answering Christianity. Diakses tanggal 30 Juli 2020.
↑  Reynolds 2007, hlm. 235.
↑  Anawati, G. C. (May 1998), "ʿIsā",  dalam Lewis, B.; Pellat, C.; Vandonzel, E., Encyclopaedia of Islam, 4, Brill Academic Pub, hlm. 81, ISBN 978-90-04-05745-6
↑  Beaumont 2005, hlm. 175.
↑  Jeffery, Arthur; Böwering, Gerhard; McAuliffe, Jane (2008). The Foreign Vocabulary of the Quran. Woods Press. hlm. 220. ISBN 978-1-4437-2149-3.
↑  Robinson, N. (1991). Christ in Islam and Christianity. London: Macmillan Press LTD. hlm. 17
↑  Griffith, S. H. (2013). The Bible in Arabic: The Scriptures of “the People of the Book” in the Language of Islam. Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press. hlm. 84 catatan kaki 64
↑  Jongeneel, J. A. B. (1989). Jesus Christ in World History: His Presence and Representation in Cyclical and Linear Settings. Frankfurt: Peter Lang Internationaler Verlag der Wissenschaften. hlm. 128
↑  Encyclopaedia of the Qur'an vol 3, Penyunting Umum: Jane Dammen McAuliffe (Universitas Georgetown, Washington DC). Brill Academic, 2003, hlm. 8-10
↑  Reynolds 2007, hlm. 236.
↑  "Rome Reborn: The Vatican Library & Renaissance Culture". LOC. Diakses tanggal 14 Juli 2012.
↑  Ivor Mark Beaumont. Christology in Dialogue with Muslims: A Critical Analysis of Christian Presentations of Christ for Muslims from the Ninth and Twentieth Centuries. Oxford: Regnum Books International, 2005 - hlm. 175 "language is used in the translation in an unprecedented way.3 For example, the use of the Qur'anic name Isa for Jesus in The Life of Christ is a startling innovation for Christian Arabic writing, where the ancient Syriac Yasu'a is normally found.[Correction: the ancient Syriac was Yeshu`, the form Yasu'a (sic) is an Arabic modification of the Syriac name.]
↑  1 Raja–raja 12: 1–24
↑  Broshi, Maguen (2001). Bread, Wine, Walls and Scrolls. Bloomsbury Publishing. hlm. 174. ISBN 1841272019.
↑  Flavius Josephus Antiquities 13.257–258
↑  Josephus, Ant. xiii, 9:1., via
↑  Herod at Encyclopædia Britannica: "...thus, Herod was, although a practicing Jew, of Arab origin on both sides."
↑  "National Geographic Magazine - NGM.com". ngm.nationalgeographic.com.
↑  Aryeh Kasher dan Eliezer Witztum, King Herod: A Persecuted Persecutor: A Case Study in Psychohistory, hlm. 19-23
↑  Jan Retsö, The Arabs in Antiquity: Their History from the Assyrians to the Umayyads, Routledge (2013), hlm. 374
↑  Richard R. Losch, All the People in the Bible, Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing (2008), hlm. 155
↑  Jeffers, James S. (2000). The Greco-Roman World of the New Testament Era: Exploring the Background of Early Christianity. Intervarsity-Press. hlm. 125. ISBN 978-0830815890. Diakses tanggal 29 September 2016.
↑  Lukas 3: 1
↑  Green, McKnight & Marshall 1992, hlm. 442.
↑  Barr, James (1970). "Which language did Jesus speak". Bulletin of the John Rylands University Library of Manchester. 53 (1): 9–29. doi:10.7227/BJRL.53.1.2. ISSN 2054-9318.
↑  Porter, Stanley E. (1997). Handbook to exegesis of the New Testament. Brill. hlm. 110–12. ISBN 978-90-04-09921-0.
↑  Dunn 2003, hlm. 313–15.
↑  Allen C. Myers, ed. (1987). "Aramaic". The Eerdmans Bible Dictionary. Grand Rapids, Michigan: William B. Eerdmans. hlm. 72. ISBN 978-0-8028-2402-8.
↑  "Aramaic language". Encyclopædia Britannica.
↑  Wellhausen 2001, hlm. 45.
↑  Cohen, Shaye J.D. (1987). From the Maccabees to the Mishnah. The Westminster Press.
↑  Roth, Cecil A History of the Jews: From Earliest Times Through the Six Day War 1970 ISBN 0-8052-0009-6, hlm. 84
↑  Maryam (19): 16-21
↑  Ibnu Katsir 2014, hlm. 802-804.
↑  Lukas 1: 26–38
↑  Lukas 2: 1–6
↑  Matius 2: 1
↑  Dunn, James DG (2003). "Jesus Remembered". Eerdmans Publishing: 324.
↑  Maryam (19): 22-26
↑  Ibnu Katsir 2014, hlm. 806-807.
↑  Shahih Bukhari (3248)
↑  Shahih Muslim (2366)
↑  HR. Ahmad (2/274)
↑  Ibnu Katsir 2014, hlm. 788.
↑  Hadits terkait Maryam dan putranya
↑  Maryam (19): 27-33
↑  Matius 2: 1–18
↑  Al-Mu'minun (23): 50
↑  Ibnu Katsir 2014, hlm. 830-831.
↑  A.J. Wensinck dan Penelope C. Johnstone, “Maryam”, dalam Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition, disunting oleh P. Bearman, Th. Bianquis, C.E. Bosworth, E. van Donzel, W.P. Heinrichs. Konsutasi daring pada 30 September 2018. doi:10.1163/1573-3912_islam_COM_0692, ISBN 9789004161214.
↑  Maier 1998, hlm. 170-171.
↑  Matius 2: 1–23
↑  Knoblet, Jerry. Herod the Great (University Press of America, 2005), hlm. 179.
↑  Ibnu Katsir 2014, hlm. 852-853.
↑  Ibnu Katsir 2014, hlm. 852.
↑  "Yahya b. Zakariyya", Encyclopedia of Islam.
↑  Lukas 1: 39–45
↑  Ali 'Imran (3): 39
↑  Ali 'Imran (3): 45
↑  Funk, Robert W. & the Jesus Seminar (1998). The Acts of Jesus: the search for the authentic deeds of Jesus.San Francisco: Harper; "Mark," hlm. 51–161.
↑  Meier, John (1994). Mentor, Message, and Miracles (A Marginal Jew: Rethinking the Historical Jesus, Vol. 2). 2. Anchor Bible. ISBN 978-0-385-46992-0.
↑  Matius 3: 13–17
1 2 3 4 5  Ali 'Imran (3): 49
↑  Ali 'Imran (3): 50
↑  Al-Ma'idah (5): 46
↑  Ash-Shaff (61): 6
1 2 3  Ibnu Katsir, Tafsir Ibnu Katsir, Juz 3: Ali 'Imran ayat 48-51
↑  Phipps, William (May 28, 2018) [2016]. "5 Scriptures". Muhammad and Jesus: A Comparison of the Prophets and Their Teachings. Bloomsbury Publishing. hlm. 101. ISBN 978-1-4742-8934-4.
↑  Matius 5: 17
↑  Leirvik, Oddbjørn (2010). Images of Jesus Christ in Islam: 2nd Edition. Bloomsbury Publishing. hlm. 59–60. ISBN 978-1-4411-8662-1.
↑  Ayoub, Mahmoud (14 May 1992). The Qur'an and Its Interpreters, Volume II: The House of 'Imran. SUNY Press. ISBN 9780791409947 – via Google Books.
↑  Ibnu Katsir 2014, hlm. 844-845.
1 2 3 4  Al-Maidah (5): 110
↑  Maryam (19): 29-33
↑  Matius 9: 27–31
↑  Matius 9: 1–8
↑  Matius 9: 32–33
↑  Markus 7: 31–37
↑  Matius 12: 22–37
↑  Markus 1: 21–28
↑  Ath-Thabari, Tarikh al-Rusul wa al-Muluk: Volume 1, diterjemahkan ke bahasa Inggris oleh Franz Rosenthal (State University of New York Press: New York, 1989), hlm. 357-358.
↑  Yohanes 11: 1–44
↑  Ibnu Katsir 2014, hlm. 830.
1 2  Al-Maidah (5): 112-115
↑  Ibnu Katsir 2014, hlm. 848-850.
↑  Ibnu Katsir, Tafsir Ibnu Katsir, Juz 7: Al-Ma'idah ayat 112-115
↑  Matius 14: 13–21
↑  Lukas 9: 10–17
↑  Yohanes 6: 1–15
↑  Matius 14: 25–27
↑  Ibnu Katsir 2014, hlm. 851-852.
↑  Albertz 1994a, hlm. 61.
↑  Betz 2000, hlm. 917.
↑  Matius 16: 12
↑  Matius 23: 1–28
↑  "pharisee" The Free Dictionary
↑  Markus 12: 18–27
↑  Pulpit Commentary on Matthew 22, accessed 14 February 2017
↑  Markus 11: 15–19
↑  Cox & Easley 2007, hlm. 155–170.
1 2  "Jesus Christ." Cross, F. L., ed. The Oxford dictionary of the Christian church. New York: Oxford University Press. 2005
↑  Sanders, E. P. The historical figure of Jesus. Penguin, 1993, hlm. 269-273
↑  Theissen, Gerd, dan Annette Merz. The historical Jesus: a comprehensive guide. Fortress Press. 1998. Diterjemahkan dari bahasa Jerman (edisi 1996). hlm. 466
↑  Yohanes 11: 45–52
↑  Markus 12: 12
↑  Wheeler, A-Z of Prophets in Islam and Judaism, Disciples of Jesus, hlm. 86
↑  Matius 10: 1–4
↑  Geneva Press 2008, hlm. 139.
↑  Matius 27: 57
↑  Yohanes 3: 1–2
↑  Ali 'Imran (3): 52
↑  Ash-Shaff (61): 14
↑  (Tafsir Ibnu Katsir (Ringkasan), Volume 8, Surat Al-Ahzab ayat 51 sampai akhir Surat Ad-Dukhan, diringkas di bawah sekelompok ulama di bawah pengawasan Syaikh Safiur Rahman Al-Mubarakpuri [Darussalam Publishers & Distributors Riyadh, Houston, New York, London, Lahore; edisi pertama, September 2000], hlm. 179) https://www.answering-islam.org/Shamoun/christs_apostles.htm https://quranx.com/tafsirs/36.13
↑  Matius 26: 17–68
↑  Matius 27: 1–57
↑  An-Nisa' (4): 157
↑  Reynolds, Gabriel Said. "The Muslim Jesus: Dead or alive?" Bulletin of SOAS, 72(2) (2009), 242-244.
↑  Bart D. Erhman, Lost Scriptures: Books that Did Not Make It into the New Testament, hlm. 82
↑  Bullard, Roger; Gibbons, Joseph. "The Nag Hammadi Library: The Second Treatise of the Great Seth". The Gnostic Society Library. Coptic Gnostic Library Project.
↑  Muhammad Saed Abdul-Rahman The Meaning and Explanation of the Glorious Qur'an (Vol 10) MSA Publication Limited 2009 ISBN 978-1-861-79670-7 hlm. 93
↑  Tafsir Ath-Thabari (6/13)
↑  Neal Robinson Christ in Islam and Christianity SUNY Press 1991 ISBN 978-0-791-40558-1 hlm. 127-129
↑  Ibnu Katsir 2014, hlm. 861-866.
↑  Ibnu Katsir, Tafsir Ibnu Katsir, Juz 6: An-Nisa' ayat 155-159
1 2  Anawati, G.C. (5 Aug 2018) [2012]. "Īsā".  Dalam P. Bearman; Th. Bianquis; C.E. Bosworth; E. van Donzel; W.P. Heinrichs. Encyclopaedia of Islam (edisi ke-2nd). Brill Online. ISBN 9789004161214. Diakses tanggal 5 Aug 2018.
↑  Lawson 2009, hlm. 12.
1 2  Ayoub, Mahmoud M. (April 1980). "Toward An Islamic Christology II: The Death of Jesus, Reality or Delusion (A Study of the Death of Jesus in Tafsir Literature)". The Muslim World. Hartford Seminary. 70 (2): 106. doi:10.1111/j.1478-1913.1980.tb03405.x.
↑  "Who moved the Stone" (PDF).
↑  "Resurrection or Resuscitation" (PDF).
↑  "Was Jesus Crucified" (PDF).
↑  "Crucifixion or Crucifiction" (PDF). Diarsipkan dari versi asli (PDF) tanggal 2018-03-29. Diakses tanggal 2020-07-15.  oleh Ahmed Deedat
↑  Deedat 2004, hlm. 509-512.
↑  Yohanes 19: 31
↑  Deedat 2004, hlm. 447.
↑  Yohanes 19: 32–34
↑  Deedat 2004, hlm. 457.
↑  Ali 'Imran (3): 55
↑  An-Nisa' (4): 158
↑  Ayoub 1980, hlm. 100.
↑  Matius 28: 1–20
↑  Markus 16: 1–20
↑  Lukas 24: 1–53
↑  Ibnu Katsir 2014, hlm. 866-868.
↑  Shafaat, Dr. Ahmad, Islamic View of the Coming/Return of Jesus" Diarsipkan 2015-09-23 di Wayback Machine. article dated May 2003, at the Islamic Perspectives Web site: "In 4:159, after denying that the Jews killed or crucified Jesus and after stating that God raised him to Himself, the Qur`an says ...". Retrieved March 29, 2007.
↑  Geoffrey Parrinder, Jesus in the Quran, hlm. 121, Oxford: Oneworld Publications, 1996. ISBN 1-85168-094-2
1 2 3  Ibnu Katsir, Tafsir Ibnu Katsir, Juz 3: Ali 'Imran ayat 55-58
↑  https://www.alislam.org/library/articles/death-of-hazrat-jesus/
↑  Religions of the World: A Comprehensive Encyclopedia of Beliefs and Practices. ABC-CLIO. September 21, 2010. hlm. 55. ISBN 978-1-59884-203-6.
↑  "Great Schism". Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church. Oxford University Press. 2005. ISBN 978-0-19-280290-3.
↑  Metzger, Bruce M.; Coogan, Michael D. (1993). Oxford Companion to the Bible. Oxford University Press. hlm. 649. ISBN 978-0-19-974391-9.
↑  Grudem, Wayne A. 1994. Systematic theology an introduction to biblical doctrine. Leicester, England: Inter-Varsity Press. Hlm 226
↑  Nicene and Post-Nicene Fathers, seri kedua, Vol XIV hlm. 207, edisi terjemahan oleh H.R. Percival. http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/basis/ephesus.html
↑  The Seven Ecumenical Councils of the Undivided Church, terjemahan H. R. Percival, dalam Nicene and Post-Nicene Fathers seri kedua, disunting P. Schaff dan H. Wace, (repr. Grand Rapids MI: Wm. B. Eerdmans, 1955), XIV, hlm. 192-242
↑  Thomas, and Anton Charles Pegis. 1997. Basic writings of Saint Thomas Aquinas. Indianapolis, Indiana: Hackett Pub. Hlm. 307–309.
↑  Friedmann, Robert. "Antitrinitarianism". Global Anabaptist Mennonite Encyclopedia. Diakses tanggal October 24, 2012.
↑   Joyce, George H. (1913). "Blessed Trinity".  Dalam Herbermann, Charles. Catholic Encyclopedia. New York: Robert Appleton Company.
↑  John Philoponus - Tritheism - Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Retrieved 10 July 2019.
1 2  Millet, Robert L. (1992). "Jesus Christ: Overview".  Dalam Ludlow, Daniel H. Encyclopedia of Mormonism. New York: Macmillan Publishing. hlm. 724–726. ISBN 978-0-02-879602-4. OCLC 24502140.
↑  "Arianism". Christian Apologetics and Research Ministry. 2008-12-13. Diakses tanggal 29 November 2013.
↑  "Newton's Arian beliefs". Scotland: School of Mathematics and Statistics, University of St Andrews. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2019-10-26. Diakses tanggal 2020-07-19.
↑  Berndt, Guido M.; Steinacher, Roland (2014). Arianism: Roman Heresy and Barbarian Creed. Routledge. ISBN 978-14-09-44659-0.
↑  Ehrman, Bart D. "The Controversies about Christ: Arius and Alexander". The Bart Ehrman Blog.
↑  Miano, David (2003), An Explanation of Unitarian Christianity, AUC, hlm. 15, diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2019-05-21, diakses tanggal 2020-07-19
↑  Drzymala, Daren. 2002. Biblical Christianity. Xulon press. hlm. 122
↑  "The Watchtower". January 15, 1992: 23.
↑  Insight on the Scriptures. 2. Watchtower Bible and Tract Society of Pennsylvania. 1988. hlm. 393–394.
↑  Chapter 138 - Christ at God's Right Hand - JW.org. Retrieved October 18, 2019.
↑  Robin A. Brace (February 2009). "Who are the 'Iglesia ni Cristo'?". UK Apologetics. Diakses tanggal 2011-06-07.
↑  Manalo, Eraño G., Fundamental Beliefs of the Iglesia ni Cristo (Church of Christ) (Iglesia ni Cristo; Manila 1989)
↑  Flint, James; Deb Flint. One God or a Trinity?. Hyderabad: Printland Publishers. ISBN 978-81-87409-61-8.
↑  Kessler, Ed. "Jesus the Jew". BBC. Diakses tanggal June 18, 2013.
↑  Norman, Asher (2007). Twenty-six reasons why Jews don't believe in Jesus. Feldheim Publishers. hlm. 59–70. ISBN 978-0-9771937-0-7.
↑  Simmons, Shraga (March 6, 2004). "Why Jews Do not Believe in Jesus". Aish.com. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2006-03-16. Diakses tanggal 2020-07-19.
↑  "MALACHI, BOOK OF". Jewish Encyclopedia. Diakses tanggal July 3, 2013.
↑  "TALMUD". Jewish Encyclopedia. Diakses tanggal July 3, 2013.
↑  Jesus
↑  Talmud Sotah 47a.14
↑  Talmud Sanhedrin 43a.20
↑  Ali 'Imran (3): 45-46
↑  Maryam (19): 19
↑  Maryam (19): 31
↑  Ali 'Imran (3): 48
1 2  Maryam (19): 30
↑  Al-Baqarah (2): 136
↑  Ali 'Imran (3): 84
↑  Az-Zukhruf (43): 59
↑  An-Nisa' (4): 172
↑  Al-Ma'idah (5): 75
↑  Ali 'Imran (3): 59
↑  Akhtar, Shabbir (31 October 2007). The Quran and the Secular Mind: A Philosophy of Islam. Routledge. ISBN 9781134072569 – via Google Books.
↑  At-Taubah (9): 31
↑  Al-Ma'idah (5): 116
↑  At-Taubah (9): 30
↑  Al-Ma'idah (5): 17
↑  Al-Ma'idah (5): 72
↑  HR. Al-Bukhari (3446)
↑  HR. Muslim (154)
↑  HR. Al-Bukhari (3437)
↑  Ibnu Katsir 2014, hlm. 872-873.
↑  Hakim 2006, hlm. 48.
↑  HR. Al-Bukhari (2968)
↑  HR. Al-Bukhari (3598)
↑  HR. Muslim (162-168)
↑  Wijaya, M. Tatam (11 Desember 2019). "Hamba yang Menjadi Hujjah Allah". NU Online. Diakses tanggal 9 April 2020.
↑  Matius 1: 1–17
↑  Lukas 3: 23–37
↑  Robertson, A.T. "Commentary on Luke 3:23". "Robertson's Word Pictures of the New Testament". Broadman Press 1932,33, Renewal 1960.
↑  Clement of Alexandria, Stromata, hlm. 21, And in the Gospel according to Matthew, the genealogy which begins with Abraham is continued down to Mary the mother of the Lord.  Victorinus of Pettau, In Apocalypsin (Commentary on the Apocalypse), hlm. 4.7–10, Matthew strives to declare to us the genealogy of Mary, from whom Christ took flesh.  But already the possibility is excluded by Irenaeus, Adversus haereses (Against Heresies), hlm. 3.21.9
↑  Torrey, R. A. "Tafsiran Lukas 3". "The Treasury of Scriptural Knowledge", 1880.
↑  "Souvay, Charles. "St. Joachim." The Catholic Encyclopedia. Vol. 8. New York: Robert Appleton Company, 1910. 3 May 2013". Newadvent.org. 1910-10-01. Diakses tanggal 2013-11-03.
↑  Tarikh Ath-Thabari (1/585, 586)
↑  Tafsir Ath-Thabari (3/235)
↑  Tarikh Dimasyq tentang biografi wanita
↑  Ibnu Katsir 2014, hlm. 786.
↑  Marshall D. Johnson The Purpose of the Biblical Genealogies with Special Reference to the Setting of the Genealogies of Jesus (Wipf dan Stock, 2002)
↑  Raymond E. Brown, The Birth of the Messiah (Doubleday, 1977), hlm. 94.
↑  Marcus J. Borg, John Dominic Crossan, The First Christmas (HarperCollins, 2009) hlm. 95.
↑  Schochet, Rabbi Prof. Dr. Jacob Immanuel. "Moshiach ben Yossef". Tutorial. moshiach.com. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 20 Desember 2002. Diakses tanggal 2 December 2012.  Parameter |url-status= yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (bantuan)
↑  Blidstein, Prof. Dr. Gerald J. "Messiah in Rabbinic Thought". MESSIAH. Jewish Virtual Library and Encyclopaedia Judaica 2008 The Gale Group. Diakses tanggal 2 Desember 2012.
↑  Telushkin, Joseph. "The Messiah". The Jewish Virtual Library Jewish Literacy. NY: William Morrow and Co., 1991. Dicetak ulang dengan izin penulis. Diakses tanggal 2 Desember 2012.
↑  Lukas 1: 5
↑  Lukas 1: 36
↑  P. H. Davids, "Mary" dalam W. A. Elwell (Gen. Ed.), Encyclopedia Of The Bible, 1988, Volume II, Marshall Pickering: London, hlm. 1411
↑  E. P. Blair, "Mary Mother Of Jesus " dalam G. A. Buttrick (Ed.), The Interpreter's Dictionary Of The Bible, 1962 (1996 Print), Volume 3, Abingdon Press: Nashville, hlm. 290
↑  "Elizabeth" dalam G. W. Bromiley (Gen. Ed.), The International Standard Bible Encyclopedia, 1982 (Fully Revised, Illustrated), Volume II, William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company: Grand Rapids (MI), hlm. 73.
↑  Maryam (19): 28
↑  Yusuf Ali, The Holy Qur'ān: English Translation Of The Meaning And Commentary, 1410 H, King Fahd Holy Qur'ān Printing Complex: Al-Madinah al-Munawarah, hlm. 860, catatan 2481.
↑  M. Asad, The Message Of The Qur'an, 1980, Dar al-Andalus: Gibraltar, hlm. 460, catatan 22.
↑  Yesaya 40: 3
↑  Cwiekowski 1988, hlm. 79-80.
↑  Pao 2016, hlm. 65.
↑  E. Peterson (1959), "Christianus." Dalam: Frühkirche, Judentum und Gnosis, Penerbit: Herder, Freiburg, hlm. 353–372
1 2  Shiffman, Lawrence H. (2018). "How Jewish Christians Became Christians". My Jewish Learning.
1 2  "Christianity: Severance from Judaism". Jewish Virtual Library. American–Israeli Cooperative Enterprise. 2008. Diakses tanggal 17 December 2018.
↑  Tomson, Peter J.; Lambers-Petry, Doris, ed. (2003). The Image of the Judaeo-Christians in Ancient Jewish and Christian Literature. Wissenschaftliche Untersuchungen zum Neuen Testament. 158. Tübingen: Mohr Siebeck. hlm. 162. ISBN 3-16-148094-5.
↑  Fredriksen, Paula (2018). When Christians Were Jews: The First Generation. London: Yale University Press. hlm. 10–11. ISBN 978-0-300-19051-9.
↑  Kisah Para Rasul 15: 1
↑  Bokenkotter 2004, hlm. 19–21.
↑  Hurtado 2005, hlm. 162–65.
↑  McGrath 2006, hlm. 174–75.
1 2  Cross & Livingstone 2005, hlm. 1243–1245.
↑  Neusner, Jacob (1993). Approaches to Ancient Judaism, New Series: Religious and Theological Studies. Scholars Press. hlm. 149.
↑  Bisschops, Ralph (January 2017). "Metaphor in Religious Transformation: 'Circumcision of the Heart' in Paul of Tarsus" (PDF).  Dalam Chilton, Paul; Kopytowska, Monika. Language, Religion and the Human Mind. New York: Oxford University Press. hlm. 1–30. doi:10.1093/oso/9780190636647.003.0012. ISBN 978-0-19-063664-7. Diakses tanggal 9 July 2019.
↑  Cross & Livingstone 2005, hlm. 1244.
↑  Burkett 2002, hlm. 263.
↑  Keith Akers, The lost religion of Jesus: simple living and nonviolence in early Christianity, Lantern Books, 2000 hlm. 21
↑  Wylen, Stephen M., The Jews in the Time of Jesus: An Introduction, Paulist Press (1995), ISBN 0-8091-3610-4, hlm. 190-192.
↑  Dunn, James D.G., Jews and Christians: The Parting of the Ways, A.D. 70 to 135, Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing (1999), ISBN 0-8028-4498-7, hlm. 33–34.
↑  Boatwright, Mary Taliaferro & Gargola, Daniel J & Talbert, Richard John Alexander, The Romans: From Village to Empire, Oxford University Press (2004), ISBN 0-19-511875-8, hlm. 426.
↑  Cohen 1987, hlm. 228.
↑  Cohen 1987, hlm. 168.
↑  "Rabbinic Judaism". www.britannica.com. Encyclopedia Britannica.
↑  Raymond Apple, "Jewish attitudes to Gentiles in the First Century"
↑  Paula Fredriksen, From Jesus to Christ
↑  Langan, The Catholic Tradition (1998), hlm.55, 115
↑  Pagels, Elaine (1979). The Gnostic Gospels. ISBN 0-679-72453-2.
↑  Ehrman, Bart D. (2005). Lost Christianities: The Battles for Scripture and the Faiths We Never Knew. ISBN 0195182499.
↑  Harris, Stephen L., Understanding the Bible. Palo Alto: Mayfield. 1985.
↑  Dauphin (1993). hlm. 235, 240–242.
↑  "Articles - People Who Have Understood Paul is Anti-Christ's Teachings - Oneness - True Faith". www.wizanda.com. Diakses tanggal May 30, 2020.
↑  Tolstoy, Leo (1882). Church and State. This deviation begins from the times of the Apostles and especially from that hankerer after mastership Paul
↑  Hennacy, Ammon (1970). The Book of Ammon. Hennacy. hlm. 475. Paul and the Churches
↑  The Writings of Thomas Jefferson: Being his Autobiography, Correspondence, Reports, Messages, Addresses, and Other Writings, Official and Private. Published by the Order of the Joint Committee of Congress on the Library, from the Original Manuscripts, Deposited in the Department of State, With Explanatory Notes, Tables of Contents, and a Copious Index to Each Volume, as well as a General Index to the Whole, by the Editor H. A. Washington. Vol. VII. Published by Taylor Maury, Washington, D.C., 1854.
↑  Hindson & Caner 2008, hlm. 280.
↑  De Young 2004, hlm. 60.
1 2  Riddell 2001, hlm. 235.
1 2  Waardenburg 1999, hlm. 276.
↑  Waardenburg 1999, hlm. 255.
↑  De Young 2004, hlm. 64.
↑  Adang 1996, hlm. 105–06.
↑  Anthony 2011, hlm. 68.
↑  Brann 2010, hlm. 65–66.
↑  David Wenham, "Paul: Follower of Jesus or Founder of Christianity?"
↑  L. Michael White, "From Jesus to Christianity"
↑  F. F. Bruce, "Paul & Jesus"
↑  Machen, J. Gresham. "The Origin of Paul's Religion"
↑  Rowland 1985, hlm. 194.
↑  Roberto Tottoli Biblical Prophets in the Qur'an and Muslim Literature Routledge, 11 Jan 2013  ISBN 978-1-136-12314-6 hlm. 121
↑  Hakim 2006, hlm. 103-104.
1 2  Warren Larson Jesus in Islam and Christianity: Discussing the Similarities and the Differences hlm. 335
↑  HR. Muslim
↑  Hakim 2006, hlm. 22.
↑  HR. Muslim no. 156
↑  HR. Bukhari no. 3448
↑  HR. Muslim no. 155
↑  Hakim 2006, hlm. 108-113.
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