חוק קיסר להגנת אזרחים סוריים
הערות שוליים

1 2  "Caesar Syria Civilian Protection Act". United States Department of State. 2020-06-17. נבדק ב-2020-07-29.
↑  "S.1790 - National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2020: Actions". congress.gov. בדצמבר 2019. נבדק ב-18 בדצמבר 2019. {{cite web}}:  (עזרה)
↑  Simon, Mallory; Boulduan, Kate (17 בדצמבר 2019). "He smuggled war crimes evidence and begged the US for help. Now Congress is finally acting and set to sanction Syria". CNN. {{cite news}}:  (עזרה)
1 2 3  Amos, Deborah (17 בדצמבר 2019). "Congress Authorizes Sanctions On Syria, Iran And Russia". NPR. {{cite news}}:  (עזרה)
↑  "Trump signs Caesar Act sanctioning Syrian regime". aa.com.tr. 21 בדצמבר 2019. {{cite web}}:  (עזרה)
↑  Josh Rogin (11 בדצמבר 2019). "The United States is about to sanction Assad, Russia and Iran for Syrian war crimes". Washington Post. {{cite news}}:  (עזרה)
↑  "NATIONAL DEFENSE AUTHORIZATION ACT FOR FISCAL YEAR 2020: CONFERENCE REPORT TO ACCOMPANY S. 1790". congress.gov. בדצמבר 2019. נבדק ב-11 בדצמבר 2019. {{cite web}}:  (עזרה)
↑  "Syria's perfect economic storm should not be ignored (FT Alphaville)". Financial Times. נבדק ב-16 ביוני 2021. {{cite news}}:  (עזרה)
1 2  "H.R.31 - Caesar Syria Civilian Protection Act of 2019". congress.gov (באנגלית אמריקאית). 3 ביוני 2019. {{cite web}}:  (עזרה)
1 2  "H.R. 31, Caesar Syria Civilian Protection Act of 2019" (PDF). Congressional Budget Office. 6 ביוני 2019. {{cite web}}:  (עזרה)
1 2  "The Caesar Act: Impacts and Implementation". Syria Justice and Accountability Centre. 20 בפברואר 2020. {{cite web}}:  (עזרה)
↑  "Congress Prepares to Hit Assad With New Sanctions for War Crimes". The New York Times. 16 בדצמבר 2019. {{cite web}}:  (עזרה)
↑  "The Caesar Act: The beginning or end of US Syria Policy?". Syria direct. 5 בינואר 2020. {{cite web}}:  (עזרה)
↑  "William Robak: Caesar's Act to exclude Autonomous Administration areas". Hawar News Agency. 23 במאי 2020. {{cite web}}:  (עזרה)
↑  "Syria: New US sanctions set to make Assad squirm". DW. 9 ביוני 2020. {{cite web}}:  (עזרה)
↑  Jared Szuba (9 ביוני 2020). "Sanctions on Syrian government also threaten Washington's Kurdish allies". Al-Monitor. {{cite web}}:  (עזרה) While US and international sanctions aren't specifically targeted at Kurdish-ruled northeast Syria, the area is impacted all the same with trade practically halted and because of the sudden plunge of the Syrian pound.
↑  "Protests hit Druze city in Syria for fourth day". Reuters. 11 ביוני 2020. {{cite web}}:  (עזרה)
↑  "Syria war: Assad sacks PM as economic crisis sparks protests". BBC. 11 ביוני 2020. {{cite web}}:  (עזרה)
↑  "Syrian pound hits record low ahead of new U.S. sanctions: dealers". Reuters. 8 ביוני 2020. {{cite web}}:  (עזרה). The Syrian pound sank to a new record low on Monday as investors scrambled for dollars ahead of new U.S. sanctions later this month, which many fear will tighten the noose around President Bashar al Assad’s government, dealers and bankers said.
↑  Seth J. Frantzman (8 ביוני 2020). "Syrian currency collapse throws country into uncertainty". The Jerusalem Post. {{cite web}}:  (עזרה) The Syrian regime thought it was finally out of the woods in its almost decade-long civil war.
↑  "Syrian currency loses more value as sanctions hit". Associated Press. 11 ביוני 2020. {{cite web}}:  (עזרה)
↑  "U.S. punishes Syria with sanctions — but allies like Jordan also pay a price". Los Angeles Times (באנגלית אמריקאית). 2019-09-10. נבדק ב-2019-09-10.
↑  Hugo Goodridge (4 ביוני 2020). "Charting the dramatic collapse of Syria's national currency". {{cite web}}:  (עזרה) Despite fears of a spillover from Syria affecting neighbouring Lebanon, it was conversely the collapse of the Lebanese pound that plunged Syria deeper into its economic quagmire. Rising Lebanese debts and a lack of financial ability to pay off these debts, with a seeming absence of political will to find a solution, led to capital controls being imposed. Throughout the war in Syria, Lebanon had been used by Syrians as a reliable place to withdraw dollars. "Syrians, who bought a lot of their dollars in Lebanon, suddenly couldn't access dollars, the value of the Syrian pound started to collapse."
↑  Charles Lister (11 ביוני 2020). "Is Assad About to Fall?". Politico. {{cite web}}:  (עזרה) While the world wasn’t watching, Syria has edged toward collapse, and Assad is claimed to be in his weakest position. The U.S. now has a narrow chance to prevent a catastrophe.
↑    Gareth Browne, ‏Assad faces backlash in Syria as economy crashes, The Telegraph, 8 June 2020 Hundreds of protesters gather in the restive south of the country as the prices of everyday essentials sky-rocket
↑  "Syria Insight: Syria's collapsing economy threatens Assad's rule], Syria has been hit by further economic instability". alaraby.co.uk. 7 ביוני 2020. {{cite web}}:  (עזרה)
↑  "Warm waters at last: Russia's expanding military footprint in the Middle East". alaraby.co.uk. 9 ביוני 2020. {{cite web}}:  (עזרה) Russia is increasing its presence in the wider Middle East and North Africa region through the deployment of its armed forces, the sale of arms and the establishment of new military bases. In recent weeks, it began negotiating the establishment of new concessions from the Syrian regime on its indefinite military presence in that country and has also become more directly involved in the civil war tearing Libya apart.
↑  "Syrian FM Says US Sanctions Seek to 'Starve the People'". The New York Times. 23 ביוני 2020. {{cite web}}:  (עזרה)
1 2  Martin Chulov (12 ביוני 2020). "US 'Caesar Act' sanctions could devastate Syria's flatlining economy". The Guardian. {{cite web}}:  (עזרה) Critics say legislation is being used for US strategy and could cause further problems for country and wider region.
↑  Vusala Abbasova (8 ביוני 2020). "Russian Embassy In Washington Dismisses US Accusations Over Role In Syria". Caspian News. {{cite web}}:  (עזרה) The rivalry between Russia and the United States in the Middle East continues to escalate as the countries exchange tense remarks over military presence in the region. In a statement posted on its official Facebook page on Friday, the Russian embassy in Washington, DC. criticized the remarks of David Schenker, the State Department's top diplomat for the Middle East, who had said that Russia should leave Syria and described its role there as "destructive". "In response to Assistant Secretary of State David Schenker’s blatant call for Russia to 'go out of the Middle East' we would like to remind: Russian military is stationed in Syria at the invitation of its government," the Russian diplomatic mission said in its statement.
↑  Murat Sofuoglu (14 ביוני 2020). "How new protests in Syria are pushing Assad to the brink". TRT World. {{cite web}}:  (עזרה)
↑  "Earthquake ignites debate over Syria sanctions and aid relief" newarab.com. Accessed 8 February 2023.