תיקון לחוק מכון הזיכרון הלאומי
הערות שוליים

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9  Hackmann, Jörg (2018). "Defending the "Good Name" of the Polish Nation: Politics of History as a Battlefield in Poland, 2015–18". Journal of Genocide Research. 20 (4): 587–606. doi:10.1080/14623528.2018.1528742.
↑  Poland's Constitutional Breakdown, Wojciech Sadurski, Oxford University Press, page 155
↑  Soroka, George; Krawatzek, Félix (2019). "Nationalism, Democracy, and Memory Laws". Journal of Democracy (באנגלית). 30 (2): 157–171. doi:10.1353/jod.2019.0032. ISSN 1086-3214.
↑  Noack, Rick (2 בפברואר 2018). "Poland's Senate passes Holocaust complicity bill despite concerns from U.S., Israel". The Washington Post. ISSN 0190-8286. נבדק ב-2018-02-02. {{cite news}}:  (עזרה)
1 2 3  Ray, Larry; Kapralski, Sławomir (2019). "Introduction to the special issue – disputed Holocaust memory in Poland". Holocaust Studies. 25 (3): 209–219. doi:10.1080/17504902.2019.1567657.
↑  Cherviatsova, Alina (2020). "Memory as a battlefield: European memorial laws and freedom of speech". The International Journal of Human Rights. 25 (4): 675–694. doi:10.1080/13642987.2020.1791826.
1 2  "Ekspert: orzeczenie Trybunału Konstytucyjnego ws. nowelizacji ustawy o IPN może otworzyć drogę do dyskusji" (בפולנית). Polskie Radio 24. 17 בינואר 2019. נבדק ב-2019-05-16. {{cite news}}:  (עזרה)
↑  Koposov, Nikolay (2017). Memory Laws, Memory Wars: The Politics of the Past in Europe and Russia. Cambridge University Press. p. 162. ISBN 9781108329538.
↑  The Polish 'Holocaust Law' revisited: The Devastating Effects of Prejudice-Mongering, Marta Bucholc and Maciej Komornik, Cultures of History, 19 February 2019
↑  Rzepa, Joanna. "Translation, conflict and the politics of memory: Jan Karski's Story of a Secret State." Translation Studies 11.3 (2018): 315-332.
↑  "Projekt ustawy o zmianie ustawy o Instytucie Pamięci Narodowej - Komisji Ścigania Zbrodni przeciwko Narodowi Polskiemu oraz ustawy o odpowiedzialności podmiotów zbiorowych za czyny zabronione pod groźbą kary". legislacja.rcl.gov.pl (בפולנית). Government Legislation Centre. 1 במרץ 2016. נבדק ב-2019-05-16. {{cite web}}:  (עזרה)
↑  "Poland approves bill outlawing phrase 'Polish death camps'". 16 באוגוסט 2016. נבדק ב-4 בספטמבר 2016 – via The Guardian. {{cite web}}:  (עזרה)
↑  Noack, Rick (17 באוגוסט 2016). "Obama once referred to a 'Polish death camp.' In Poland, that could soon be punishable by 3 years in prison". The Washington Post. נבדק ב-4 בספטמבר 2016. {{cite news}}:  (עזרה)
↑  "Sejm uchwalił ustawę o penalizacji banderyzmu". Do Rzeczy (בפולנית). 26 בינואר 2018. נבדק ב-2019-05-16. {{cite news}}:  (עזרה)
↑  "Kukiz oskarża kierownictwo PiS o uległość wobec spadkobierców Bandery". Do Rzeczy (בפולנית). 11 ביוני 2017. נבדק ב-2019-05-16. {{cite news}}:  (עזרה)
↑  "Druk nr 993-A". sejm.gov.pl (בפולנית). Sejm of the Republic of Poland. 26 בינואר 2018. נבדק ב-2019-05-16. {{cite web}}:  (עזרה)
1 2  "Ustawa z dnia 26 stycznia 2018 r. o zmianie ustawy o Instytucie Pamięci Narodowej – Komisji Ścigania Zbrodni przeciwko Narodowi Polskiemu, ustawy o grobach i cmentarzach wojennych, ustawy o muzeach oraz ustawy o odpowiedzialności podmiotów zbiorowych za czyny zabronione pod groźbą kary" (PDF). orka.sejm.gov.pl (בפולנית). Sejm of the Republic of Poland. 29 בינואר 2018. ארכיון (PDF) מ-2019-04-29. נבדק ב-2018-02-02. {{cite web}}:  (עזרה)
1 2  Noack, Rick (6 בפברואר 2018). "Polish president signs Holocaust bill, drawing rare U.S. rebuke". The Washington Post. נבדק ב-2019-05-16. {{cite news}}:  (עזרה)
↑  Szwedowicz, Agata (16 בפברואר 2018). "CBOS: 40 proc. Polaków jest za nowelą ustawy o IPN, 51 proc. uważa, że dezinformacji należy przeciwdziałać inaczej". dzieje.pl (בפולנית). Museum of Polish History. נבדק ב-2019-05-16. {{cite web}}:  (עזרה)
↑  Masters, James (8 בפברואר 2018). "Polish President signs controversial Holocaust bill into law". CNN. נבדק ב-2019-05-16. {{cite news}}:  (עזרה)
1 2  Eglash, Ruth; Selk, Avi (28 בינואר 2018). "Israel and Poland try to tamp down tensions after Poland's 'death camp' law sparks Israeli outrage". The Washington Post. ISSN 0190-8286. נבדק ב-2018-01-28. {{cite news}}:  (עזרה)
↑  Koposov, Nikolay (16 במרץ 2018). "Is Poland's New Memory Law a Case of Holocaust Denial?". fifteeneightyfour. Cambridge University Press. נבדק ב-3 בינואר 2021. the statute makes it illegal to claim that ethnic Poles were in any way involved in the Holocaust. According to Polish prime minister Mateusz Morawiecki, such claims are a form of Holocaust denial. But it is more accurate to say that the Polish law itself is a manifestation of Holocaust negationism. {{cite news}}:  (עזרה)
↑  Ynet, Associated Press and (1 בפברואר 2018). "Israeli politicians, survivors blast Polish Holocaust law". Ynetnews. Ynet and Associated Press. נבדק ב-2019-05-16. {{cite news}}:  (עזרה)
↑  "Ustawa z dnia 18 grudnia 1998 r. o Instytucie Pamięci Narodowej — Komisji Ścigania Zbrodni przeciwko Narodowi Polskiemu" (PDF). Dziennik Ustaw (בפולנית). No. 155. 19 בדצמבר 1998. 1016. נבדק ב-2019-05-16. {{cite news}}:  (עזרה)
↑  Gauba, Kanika. "Rethinking 'Memory Laws' from a Comparative Perspective." The Indian Yearbook of Comparative Law 2018. Springer, Singapore, 2019. 233-249.
1 2  "Full text of Poland's controversial Holocaust legislation". 1 בפברואר 2018. נבדק ב-2 בינואר 2021. {{cite news}}:  (עזרה)
↑  Szklarski, Bohdan, and Piotr Ilowski. "Searching for Solid Ground in Polish-American Relations in the Second Year of the Trump Administration." (2019): 65-82.
↑  Jaraczewski, Jakub (23 ביולי 2018). "Fast Random-Access Memory (Laws) – The June 2018 Amendments to the Polish "Holocaust Law"". Verfassungsblog. נבדק ב-2 בינואר 2021. {{cite news}}:  (עזרה)
↑  Bucholc, Marta (2019). "Commemorative Lawmaking: Memory Frames of the Democratic Backsliding in Poland After 2015". Hague Journal on the Rule of Law. 11 (1): 85–110. doi:10.1007/s40803-018-0080-7.
1 2  Tsesis, Alexander (2020). "Genocide Censorship and Genocide Denial".  In Grzebyk, Patrycja (ed.). Responsibility for Negation of International Crimes. Warsaw: Institute of Justice in Warsaw. p. 117. ISBN 9788366344433. Far more controversial than genocide denial laws, however, have been national efforts to censor evidence of complicity to commit genocide, and this is the case with civil legislation in Poland and the criminal law in Turkey... The newest version of the law, passed on June 6, 2019, continues to have a civil cause of action that can be brought by private citizens of the Law on Institute of National Remembrance (Art. 53o and 53p). The problem, then, has not been fully resolved, despite the 2019 changes, because defense of nationalistic honor continues to function as a censor on speech. The Law on Institute of National Remembrance is likely to have some of the same negative impacts as the Turkish censorship statute protecting national honor.
1 2  Belavusau, Uladzislau (12 בדצמבר 2018). "The Rise of Memory Laws in Poland: An Adequate Tool to Counter Historical Disinformation?". Security and Human Rights (באנגלית). 29 (1–4): 36–54. doi:10.1163/18750230-02901011. ISSN 1875-0230. The argument of the Polish government that all Western European countries have been legally protecting the memory of the Holocaust in the same way is at best misleading. The closest relative of the 2018 Law is not a standard provision in continental Europe's criminal codes about punitive measures against Holocaust deniers. Rather, the closest sibling of the Law are parts of the Turkish and Russian penal codes. The way the Law frames the defence of collective Polish dignity in a historical context is foremost reminiscent of the notorious provision in the Turkish criminal code (Article 301), which criminalises denigration of the Turkish nation and is particularly used to silence people speaking out against the massacres of Armenians and other minorities by the Ottoman Empire in 1915. {{cite journal}}:  (עזרה)
↑  Cherviatsova, Alina (2020). "Memory as a battlefield: European memorial laws and freedom of speech". The International Journal of Human Rights. 25 (4): 675–694. doi:10.1080/13642987.2020.1791826. The Turkish, Russian, Polish and Ukrainian cases do not exhaust the list of historical discussions limited by memorial laws for the sake of glory of the past but nevertheless reflect a dangerous tendency towards the manipulative use of history, the rise of national populism and a precipitous decline in democratic values.
1 2  Aleksandra Gliszczyńska-Grabias, Grażyna Baranowska, Anna Wójcik (2019). "Law-Secured Narratives of the Past in Poland in Light of International Human Rights Law Standards". POLISH YEARBOOK OF International Law. doi:10.24425/pyil.2019.129606.{{cite journal}}:  תחזוקה - ציטוט: multiple names: authors list (link)
1 2  Grzebyk, Patrycja (2018). "Amendments of January 2018 to the Act on the Institute of National Remembrance – Commission for the Prosecution of Crimes against the Polish Nation in Light of International Law". Polish Yearbook of International Law. 37: 287–300. doi:10.7420/pyil2017o.
↑  Tsesis, Alexander (2020). "Genocide Censorship and Genocide Denial".  In Grzebyk, Patrycja (ed.). Responsibility for Negation of International Crimes. Warsaw: Institute of Justice in Warsaw. p. 117-118. ISBN 9788366344433.
↑  Koncewicz, Tomasz Tadeusz (2018). "On the Politics of Resentment, Mis-memory, and Constitutional Fidelity: The Demise of the Polish Overlapping Consensus?". Law and Memory: Towards Legal Governance of History. Cambridge University Press. pp. 263–290. ISBN 978-1-107-18875-4.
↑  Sadurski 2019 p. 156
↑  Sadurski, Wojciech (16 במאי 2019). Poland's Constitutional Breakdown (באנגלית). Oxford University Press. p. 155. ISBN 978-0-19-884050-3. {{cite book}}:  (עזרה)
1 2  Małecki, Mikołaj; Mikuli, Piotr (2018). "The New Polish 'Memory Law': A Short Critical Analysis". DPCE Online (באנגלית). 34 (1). ISSN 2037-6677.
↑  "President says Poland did not take part in the Holocaust". The Washington Post. Associated Press. 29 בינואר 2018. אורכב מ-המקור ב-30 בינואר 2018. נבדק ב-2 בפברואר 2018. {{cite news}}:  (עזרה)
↑  Pawlak, Justyna; Kelly, Lidia (31 בינואר 2018). "Polish lawmakers back Holocaust bill, drawing Israeli outrage, U.S. concern". Reuters UK. נבדק ב-2 בפברואר 2018. {{cite web}}:  (עזרה)
↑  "Polish law denies reality of Holocaust". The Guardian. 5 בפברואר 2018. נבדק ב-2019-05-16. {{cite web}}:  (עזרה)
↑  "'Polish death camps': Outlawing phrase will protect Poland's good name, says minister | CBC Radio". CBC. נבדק ב-19 באוקטובר 2020. {{cite news}}:  (עזרה)
↑  Luxmoore, Jonathan (14 במרץ 2018). "Polish archbishop answers Holocaust law critics". The Tablet. נבדק ב-2018-05-12. {{cite news}}:  (עזרה)
↑  "Catholic, Jewish leaders in Poland seek to reduce tensions". The Washington Post. 15 במרץ 2018. אורכב מ-המקור ב-15 במרץ 2018. {{cite news}}:  (עזרה)
↑  Masters, James; Mortensen, Antonia (20 בפברואר 2018). "Poland's Jewish groups say Jews feel unsafe since new Holocaust law". CNN. נבדק ב-11 בנובמבר 2018. {{cite web}}:  (עזרה)
↑  "Oświadczenie organizacji żydowskich do opinii publicznej / Open statement of Polish Jewish organizations to the public opinion". Jewish.org.pl (בפולנית). נבדק ב-13 במרץ 2018. {{cite web}}:  (עזרה)
↑  The amendment to the Institute of National Remembrance act Centre for Public Opinion Research
↑  "Analiza skutków noweli ustawy o IPN: wzmożenie antysemickie w debacie publicznej". Rzecznik Praw Obywatelskich (בפולנית). 13 ביוני 2018. נבדק ב-2 בינואר 2021. {{cite web}}:  (עזרה)
↑  Halon, Eytan (3 במרץ 2018). "Argentina newspaper first target of controversial Polish Holocaust law". The Jerusalem Post. נבדק ב-2019-05-16. {{cite news}}:  (עזרה)
↑  "Yad Vashem: Poland Holocaust law risks 'serious distortion' of Polish complicity". The Times of Israel. 27 בינואר 2018. נבדק ב-2019-05-16. {{cite news}}:  (עזרה)
↑  "Israel criticises Poland over draft Holocaust legislation". Associated Press. 27 בינואר 2018. נבדק ב-2019-05-16 – via The Guardian. {{cite news}}:  (עזרה)
↑  "Israel criticises Polish Holocaust law". BBC News. 28 בינואר 2018. נבדק ב-28 בינואר 2018. {{cite news}}:  (עזרה)
↑  Aderet, Ofer (12 באפריל 2018). "Israeli President to Polish Counterpart: We Cannot Deny That Poland and Poles Participated in Holocaust". Haaretz. נבדק ב-11 בנובמבר 2018. {{cite news}}:  (עזרה)
↑    Our Foreign Staff, ‏Fury in Israel as Poland proposes ban on referring to Nazi death camps as 'Polish', The Telegraph, 28 January 2018
↑  "Yad Vashem Response to the Law Passed in Poland Yesterday". Yad Vashem. 27 בינואר 2018. נבדק ב-11 בנובמבר 2018. {{cite web}}:  (עזרה)
↑  Avineri, Shlomo (5 במרץ 2018). "Opinion: Holocaust Trips to Poland for Israeli Youth Should Start in Germany". Haaretz. נבדק ב-14 במרץ 2018. {{cite news}}:  (עזרה)
↑  "AJC Opposes Polish Effort to Criminalize Claims of Holocaust Responsibility". American Jewish Committee. 27 בינואר 2018. נבדק ב-11 בנובמבר 2018 – via PRNewswire. {{cite web}}:  (עזרה)
↑  Tibon, Amir (27 בינואר 2018). "As Poland's New Holocaust Law Causes Storm, U.S. Urges 'Never Again' on Holocaust Remembrance Day". Haaretz. נבדק ב-11 בנובמבר 2018. {{cite news}}:  (עזרה)
↑  "Advocacy Briefs: AHA Condemns Polish Law Criminalizing Public Discussion of Polish Complicity in Nazi War Crimes | Perspectives on History | AHA". www.historians.org. נבדק ב-3 בינואר 2021. {{cite news}}:  (עזרה)
↑  "Historians fear 'censorship' under Poland's Holocaust law". Times Higher Education (THE) (באנגלית). 21 בפברואר 2018. נבדק ב-3 בינואר 2021. {{cite news}}:  (עזרה)
↑  Katz, Dovid (25 באפריל 2018). "Poland's New Holocaust Law Is Bad, But Not the Worst". Jewish Currents. נבדק ב-26 באוקטובר 2020. {{cite news}}:  (עזרה)
↑  Tsesis 2020 pp. 117–118
↑  Grzebyk, Patrycja (2018). "Amendments of January 2018 to the Act on the Institute of National Remembrance – Commission for the Prosecution of Crimes against the Polish Nation in Light of International Law". Polish Yearbook of International Law. 37: 287–300. doi:10.7420/pyil2017o. As a result of the amendments, Ukrainians are the only national group directlymentioned in the Act as perpetrators of crimes, and the Act does not refer even toGermans or Russians but instead prefers to speak about crimes of the "Third Reich" or of the "communists." Not surprisingly, Ukrainians have felt offended by this "distinction."
↑  Klaus Bachmann
Civil Law and the Amendment of German and Polish Memory Laws p. 177
↑  Baran, Violetta, ed. (6 בפברואר 2018). "Były minister obrony Ukrainy ostrzega: ponad milion Ukraińców może chwycić za kopie" [Former Ukrainian Minister of Defense Warns: over a million Ukrainians may take up the cudgels]. WP Wiadomości (בפולנית). Wirtualna Polska. נבדק ב-2019-05-16. {{cite web}}:  (עזרה)
↑  Kozińska, Anna, ed. (1 בפברואר 2018). "Spór na linii Polska-Izrael. Do grona komentatorów dołączyła Ukraina". WP Wiadomości (בפולנית). Wirtualna Polska. נבדק ב-2019-05-16. {{cite web}}:  (עזרה)
↑  Baran, Violetta, ed. (6 בפברואר 2018). "Ukraińskie media o oświadczeniu prezydenta Dudy: słowo Ukraina nawet nie padło". WP Wiadomości (בפולנית). Wirtualna Polska. נבדק ב-2019-05-16. {{cite web}}:  (עזרה)
↑  "Польські депутати вночі прийняли закон про заборону "бандерівської ідеології"" [Tonight Polish Parliamentaries Passed the Law on the Ban of the "Banderovite Ideology"]. Dzerkalo Tyzhnia (באוקראינית). 1 בפברואר 2018. נבדק ב-2019-05-16. {{cite news}}:  (עזרה)
↑  "Проект Закону про правовий статус та вшанування пам'яті борців за незалежність України у ХХ столітті". w1.c1.rada.gov.ua (באוקראינית). Verkhovna Rada. נבדק ב-2018-02-10.
↑  Liphshiz, Cnaan (6 בפברואר 2018). "Poland isn't the only country trying to police what can be said about the Holocaust". Jewish Telegraphic Agency. נבדק ב-2018-02-10. {{cite news}}:  (עזרה)
↑  Rudling, Anders; Gilley, Christopher (29 באפריל 2015). "Laws 2558 and 2538-1: On Critical Inquiry, the Holocaust, and Academic Freedom in Ukraine". ukraine.politicalcritique.org. נבדק ב-2018-02-10. {{cite news}}:  (עזרה)
↑  "Full text of Poland's controversial Holocaust legislation". Times of Israel (באנגלית אמריקאית). 2018-02-01. נבדק ב-2019-10-04.
↑  Benjakob, Omer (2019-10-03). "The Fake Nazi Death Camp: Wikipedia's Longest Hoax, Exposed". Haaretz (באנגלית). נבדק ב-2019-10-04.