שנות העשרים הסוערות
הערות שוליים

↑  Based on data in Susan Carter, ed. Historical Statistics of the US: Millennial Edition (2006) series Ca9
↑  "Roaring Twenties". U-S-History.com. Online Highways. Retrieved 2019-11-14.
1 2  George H. Soule, Prosperity Decade: From War to Depression: 1917–1929 (1947)
↑  "Model T Facts" (Press release). US: Ford. Retrieved 2013-04-23.
↑  John Steele Gordon (2007-03-01). "10 Moments That Made American Business". American Heritage. Retrieved 2012-12-24.
↑  "Michigan History". Detroit News. Archived from the original on July 10, 2012.
↑  Sorensen 1956, pp. 217–219.
↑  Hounshell 1984, pp. 263–264.
↑  Sloan 1964, pp. 162–163.
↑  https://www.fhwa.dot.gov/ohim/summary95/mv200.pdf
↑  Foreman-Peck, James (1982). "The American Challenge of the Twenties: Multinationals and the European Motor Industry". The Journal of Economic History. 42 (4): 865–881. doi:10.1017/S0022050700028370.
↑  Kenrick, John. "History of Musical Film, 1927–30: Part II". Musicals101.com, 2004, accessed May 17, 2010
↑  Stephens, E. J.; Wanamaker, Marc (2010). Early Warner Bros. Studios. Arcadia Publishing. p. 25. ISBN 978-0-738-58091-3.
↑  Allen, Bob (Autumn 1997). "Why The Jazz Singer?". AMPS Newsletter. Association of Motion Picture Sound. Archived from the original on 1999-10-22. Retrieved December 12, 2009.
↑  Geduld (1975), p. 166.
↑  Crafton (1997), p. 148.
↑  Crafton (1997), p. 390.
↑  Steamboat Willie (1929) Archived 2011-11-21 at the Wayback Machine at Screen Savour
↑  Robertson (2001), p. 63.
↑  Robertson (2001), p. 173.
↑  Jackson 2012, pp. 512–516.
↑  Spencer Dunmore, Undaunted: Long-Distance Flyers in the Golden Age of Aviation (2004)
↑  https://www.google.com/patents?id=JRVAAAAAEBAJ
↑  R. F. Tiltman, How "Stereoscopic" Television is Shown, Radio News, November 1928
↑  Interview with Paul Lyons Archived 2009-02-02 at the Wayback Machine, Historian and Control and Information Officer at Glasgow Central Station
↑  "Historic Figures: John Logie Baird (1888–1946)". BBC. Retrieved 28 April 2015.
↑  Wainwright M, Swan HT; Swan (January 1986). "C.G. Paine and the earliest surviving clinical records of penicillin therapy". Medical History. 30 (1): 42–56. doi:10.1017/S0025727300045026. PMC 1139580. PMID 3511336.
↑  Howie, J (1986). "Penicillin: 1929–40". British Medical Journal (Clinical Research Ed.). 293 (6540): 158–159. doi:10.1136/bmj.293.6540.158. PMC 1340901. PMID 3089435.
↑  Wainwright, M (1987). "The history of the therapeutic use of crude penicillin". Medical History. 31 (1): 41–50. doi:10.1017/s0025727300046305. PMC 1139683. PMID 3543562.
↑  Flink, James J. (1972). "Three Stages of American Automobile Consciousness". American Quarterly. 24 (4): 451–473. doi:10.2307/2711684. JSTOR 2711684.
↑  John A. Jakle, and Keith A. Sculle, Fast food: Roadside restaurants in the automobile age (2002).
↑  Christopher W. Wells, Car Country: Automobiles, Roads and the Shaping of the Modern American Landscape, 1890–1929 (2004).
↑  David E. Nye, Electrifying America: Social meanings of a new technology, 1880–1940 (1992)
↑  Dan Bryan. "The Great (Farm) Depression of the 1920s". American History USA. Retrieved November 10, 2013.
↑  The vote came years later in France, Italy, Quebec, Spain and Switzerland.
↑  June Hannam, Mitzi Auchterlonie, and Katherine Holden, eds. International encyclopedia of women's suffrage (Abc-Clio Inc, 2000).
↑  Rosemary Skinner Keller; Rosemary Radford Ruether; Marie Cantlon (2006). Encyclopedia of Women and Religion in North America. Indiana UP. p. 1033. ISBN 0-253-34688-6.
↑  Josephine Donovan (2012). Feminist Theory, Fourth Edition: The Intellectual Traditions. A&C Black. p. 60. ISBN 978-1-4411-6830-6.
↑  Julie V. Gottlieb (2016). 'Guilty Women', Foreign Policy, and Appeasement in Inter-War Britain. Springer. p. 4. ISBN 978-1-137-31660-8.
↑  D. J. Taylor (2010). Bright Young People: The Lost Generation of London's Jazz Age. Macmillan. p. 303. ISBN 978-1-4299-5895-0.
↑  Geduld, Harry M. (1975). The Birth of the Talkies: From Edison to Jolson. Bloomington: Indiana University Press. ISBN 0-253-10743-1
↑  emmickey_UNCG Disney News | Disney, Disney News (באנגלית אמריקאית)
↑  emmickey_UNCG http://disney.go.com/vault/archives/characters/oswald/oswald.html
↑  Arnold Shaw, The Jazz Age: Popular Music in the 1920s (Oxford UP, 1989).
↑  Kathy J. Ogren, The Jazz Revolution: Twenties America and the Meaning of Jazz (1989) p. 11.
↑  DeVeaux, Scott (1991). "Constructing the Jazz Tradition: Jazz Historiography" (PDF). Black American Literature Forum. 25 (3): 525–60. doi:10.2307/3041812. JSTOR 3041812.
↑  Ted Gioia, The History of Jazz (Oxford UP, 2011).
↑  Ralph G. Giordano, Satan in the dance hall: Rev. John Roach Straton, social dancing, and morality in 1920s New York City (2008).
↑  Robinson, Danielle (2006). "'Oh, You Black Bottom!' Appropriation, Authenticity, and Opportunity in the Jazz Dance Teaching of 1920s New York". Dance Research Journal. 38 (1–2): 19–42. doi:10.1017/S0149767700007312.
↑  Spring, Howard (1997). "Swing and the Lindy Hop: Dance, Venue, Media, and Tradition". American Music. 15 (2): 183–207. doi:10.2307/3052731. JSTOR 3052731.
↑  Frances Rust (1969). Dance in Society: An Analysis of the Relationship Between the Social Dance and Society in England from the Middle Ages to the Present Day. Routledge. p. 189. ISBN 978-1-134-55407-2.
↑  Jim Cox, Music radio: the great performers and programs of the 1920s through early 1960s (McFarland, 2005).
↑  Roberts, Mary Louise (1993). "Samson and Delilah Revisited: The Politics of Women's Fashion in 1920s France". The American Historical Review. 98 (3): 657–684. doi:10.1086/ahr/98.3.657.
↑  Bliss, Simon (2016). "'L'intelligence de la parure': Notes on Jewelry Wearing in the 1920s". Fashion Theory. 20 (1): 5–26. doi:10.1080/1362704X.2015.1077652. S2CID 191700478.
↑  Zdatny, Steven (1997). "The Boyish Look and the Liberated Woman: The Politics and Aesthetics of Women's Hairstyles". Fashion Theory. 1 (4): 367–397. doi:10.2752/136270497779613639.
↑  Angel Kwolek-Folland, Engendering Business: Men and Women in the Corporate Office, 1870-1930 (Johns Hopkins UP, 1994).
↑  Carolyn Kitch, The Girl on the Magazine Cover (University of North Carolina Press, 2001). pp. 122–23.
↑  Sylvester, Nina (2007). "Before Cosmopolitan: The Girl in German women's magazines in the 1920s". Journalism Studies. 8 (4): 550–554. doi:10.1080/14616700701411953. S2CID 220410086.
↑  Lucy Moore, Anything Goes: A Biography of the Roaring Twenties (Atlantic Books, 2015).
↑  Bingham, Jane (2012). Popular Culture: 1920–1938. Chicago Illinois: Heinemann Library.
↑  Paula S. Fass, The Damned and the Beautiful: American Youth in the 1920s (Oxford UP, 1977)
↑  Litchfield Historical Society (2015). The House of Worth: Fashion Sketches, 1916–1918. Courier Dover. p. 28. ISBN 978-0-486-79924-7.
↑  Lurie, Alison (1981). The Language of Clothes. New York: New York: Random House. ISBN 9780394513027.
↑  Brand, Jan (2007). Fashion & Accessories. Arnhem :Terra.
↑  Nicholas Atkin; Michael Biddiss (2008). Themes in Modern European History, 1890–1945. Routledge. pp. 243–44. ISBN 978-1-134-22257-5.
↑  Gregory M. Luebbert, Liberalism, fascism, or social democracy: Social classes and the political origins of regimes in interwar Europe (Oxford UP, 1991).
↑  Julian Jackson (2009). Living in Arcadia: Homosexuality, Politics, and Morality in France from the Liberation to AIDS. University of Chicago Press. p. 32. ISBN 978-0-226-38928-8.
↑  Florence Tamagne (2006). A History of Homosexuality in Europe: Berlin, London, Paris, 1919–1939. Algora Publishing. p. 309. ISBN 978-0-87586-357-3.
↑  Crouthamel, Jason (2011). "'Comradeship' and 'Friendship': Masculinity and Militarisation in Germany's Homosexual Emancipation Movement after the First World War: Masculinity and Militarisation in Germany's Homosexual Emancipation Movement". Gender & History. 23 (1): 111–129. doi:10.1111/j.1468-0424.2010.01626.x.
↑  Ramsey, Glenn (2007). "The Rites of Artgenossen: Contesting Homosexual Political Culture in Weimar Germany". Journal of the History of Sexuality. 17 (1): 85–109. doi:10.1353/sex.2008.0009. PMID 19260158. S2CID 22292105.
↑  The song was written by Edgar Leslie (words) and James V. Monaco (music) and featured in Hugh J. Ward's Musical Comedy "Lady Be Good."
↑  A full reproduction of the original sheet music with the complete lyrics (including the amusing cover sheet) can be found at: http://nla.gov.au/nla.mus-an6301650
↑  Mann, William J., Wisecracker: the life and times of William Haines, Hollywood's first openly gay star (Viking, 1998) pp 2–6, 12–13, 80–83.
↑  See Three Plays by Mae West: Sex, The Drag and Pleasure Man
↑  Jill Watts (2003). Mae West: An Icon in Black and White. Oxford University Press. p. 300. ISBN 978-0-19-534767-8.
↑  TChapman, Terry L. (1983). "'An Oscar Wilde Type': 'The Abominable Crime of Buggery' in Western Canada, 1890–1920". Criminal Justice History. 4: 97–118.
↑  Hurewitz, Daniel (2006). "Goody-Goodies, Sissies, and Long-Hairs: The Dangerous Figures in 1930s Los Angeles Political Culture". Journal of Urban History. 33 (1): 26–50. doi:10.1177/0096144206291106. S2CID 145242206.
1 2  Roy Porter (1999). The Greatest Benefit to Mankind: A Medical History of Humanity. W. W. Norton. pp. 516–517. ISBN 978-0-393-24244-7.
↑  Beaman, Middleton (1924). "CURRENT LEGISLATION: The Immigration Act of 1924". American Bar Association Journal. 10 (7): 490–492. ISSN 0002-7596. JSTOR 25709038.
↑  "Statistical Abstract of the United States: 1931" (PDF) (53rd ed.). Washington, D.C.: U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of Foreign and Domestic Commerce. August 1931: 103–107. Archived from the original (PDF) on March 29, 2021. Retrieved August 24, 2021.
↑  John Higham, Strangers in the Land: Patterns of American Nativism, 1860–1925 (1955) pp 312–30
↑  Bashford, Alison (2014). "Immigration restriction: rethinking period and place from settler colonies to postcolonial nations". Journal of Global History. 9 (1): 26–48. doi:10.1017/S174002281300048X. S2CID 144901101.
↑  W. Peter Ward, White Canada forever: popular attitudes and public policy towards Orientals in British Columbia (McGill-Queens UP, 1990).
↑  O'Connor, P. (1968). "Keeping New Zealand white, 1908–1920". New Zealand Journal of History. 2 (1): 41–65.
↑  Sean Brawley, The white peril: foreign relations and Asian immigration to Australia and North America, 1919–1978 (U of New South Wales Press, 1995).
↑  Daniel Okrent (2010). Last Call: The Rise and Fall of Prohibition. Simon and Schuster. ISBN 9781439171691.
↑  Gerald Hallowell, "Prohibition in Canada". The Canadian Encyclopedia (1988).
↑  Michael A. Lerner, Dry Manhattan: Prohibition in New York City (2007).
↑  Rich Bradway, Pulp Magazines and their Influence on Entertainment Today By Mai Ly Degnan - Norman Rockwell Museum - The Home for American Illustration, Norman Rockwell Museum, ‏2013-04-12 (באנגלית אמריקאית)
↑  Imhoof, D. (2009). "The Game of Political Change: Sports in Göttingen during the Weimar and Nazi Eras". German History. 27 (3): 374–394. doi:10.1093/gerhis/ghp032.
↑  Torres, Cesar R. (2006). "The Latin American 'Olympic explosion' of the 1920s: Causes and consequences". The International Journal of the History of Sport. 23 (7): 1088–1111. doi:10.1080/09523360600832320. S2CID 144085742.
↑  Lopez, Shaun (2009). "Football as National Allegory: Al-Ahram and the Olympics in 1920s Egypt". History Compass. 7 (1): 282–305. doi:10.1111/j.1478-0542.2008.00576.x.
↑  Kissoudi, P. (2008). "Sport, Politics and International Relations in the Balkans: the Balkan Games from 1929 to 1932". The International Journal of the History of Sport. 25 (13): 1771–1813. doi:10.1080/09523360802367349. S2CID 216150051.
↑  "Mafia in the United States". History.com.
↑  Peter Gay, Weimar Culture: The Outsider as Insider (2001)
↑  Lee Congdon, Exile and Social Thought: Hungarian Intellectuals in Germany and Austria, 1919–1933 (1991).
↑  Kathleen James-Chakraborty, Bauhaus Culture: From Weimar to the Cold War (2006).
↑  Niewyk, Donald L. (2001). The Jews in Weimar Germany. Transaction Publishers. pp. 39–40. ISBN 978-0-7658-0692-5.
↑  Rippey, Theodore F. (2005). "Athletics, Aesthetics, and Politics in the Weimar Press". German Studies Review. 28 (1): 85–106. JSTOR 30038070.
↑  Andrew Sinclair, The Available Man: The Life behind the Masks of Warren Gamaliel Harding (1965) p. 162
↑  John Morello, Selling the President, 1920: Albert D. Lasker, Advertising, and the Election of Warren G. Harding (2001).
תרשים 1: התפתחות התמ"ג בארצות הברית בין השנים 1920–1940 (במיליארדי דולרים).
שיאו של הסגנון האדריכלי החדש: בניין קרייזלר בניו יורק נבנה לאחר שהסגנון האירופי של אר דקו הגיע לארצות הברית.
פליקס החתול, דמות מצוירת פופולרית של העשור, מציגה את קצב ההליכה המפורסם שלו.
השחקנית נורמה טלמדג'
התווים של "ספיד לאנגוורת'י" מלגלגים על התכונות הגבריות שנשים רבות אימצו במהלך שנות ה-20
השיר "Save A Little Dram For Me" מתקופת היובש, שהוקלט על ידי אולפן תומאס אדיסון, 1922. משך 3:29.
הקזינו/מועדון הלילה של "החדר הבאלינזי" המפורסם בגלווסטון, טקסס, שנפתח בשנות ה-20 על ידי ארגון הפשע Sam Maceo
באוהאוס דסאו, נבנה ב-1925–1926 לפי תכנון של ולטר גרופיוס