בניין וסטרן יוניון טלגרף
הערות שוליים

1 2  בניין וסטרן יוניון טלגרף באתר picturehistory.com
↑  "New York and the problem of the first skyscraper."
1 2 3  Stern, Mellins & Fishman 1999, p. 396.
1 2 3 4  Landau & Condit 1996, p. 408.
1 2 3 4 5 6  "The New Telegraph Building: How the Floors Are to Be Utilized". New-York Tribune. July 18, 1874. p. 2. ProQuest 572555261. Retrieved January 31, 2021 – via ProQuest.
↑  Landau & Condit 1996, p. 408; Reid 1879, p. 568.
↑  Reid 1879, p. 568; Western Union 1875, p. 49.
1 2 3 4 5 6  Stern, Mellins & Fishman 1999, p. 398.
1 2 3 4 5  "The New Building Plans: What the New Western Union Will Be Like. The Appearance of the Reconstructed Edifice Will Be Wholly Different From That of the Old" (PDF). The New York Times. July 23, 1890. p. 8. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved January 31, 2021.
1 2 3 4 5  Balmori 1987, p. 348.
1 2 3  Western Union 1875, p. 49.
1 2 3 4 5 6  Balmori 1987, p. 354.
1 2 3 4  Landau & Condit 1996, p. 82.
1 2 3 4 5  "Western Union Building" (PDF). New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission. October 1, 1991. p. 2. Retrieved March 13, 2020.
↑  Landau & Condit 1996, pp. 78–80; Stern, Mellins & Fishman 1999, pp. 396, 398; Western Union 1875, p. 49.
1 2 3  Weisman 1953, p. 18.
1 2  "Western Union Telegraph Building". The Aldine. Vol. 7, no. 13. January 1875. p. 258. JSTOR 20636937.
1 2 3 4  Reid 1879, p. 569; Western Union 1875, p. 49.
1 2 3  "Local Miscellany: the New Telegraphic Heart of America". New-York Tribune. February 1, 1875. p. 12. ProQuest 572607815. Retrieved January 31, 2021 – via ProQuest.
↑  Reid 1879, pp. 570–573; Stern, Mellins & Fishman 1999, p. 398; Western Union 1875, pp. 49–51.
1 2 3 4  Landau & Condit 1996, p. 78.
↑  Landau & Condit 1996, p. 80; Stern, Mellins & Fishman 1999, p. 398.
↑  Weisman 1972, p. 181.
1 2 3  Landau & Condit 1996, p. 81; Stern, Mellins & Fishman 1999, p. 398.
1 2 3  Landau & Condit 1996, p. 83.
↑  Weisman 1972, p. 182.
↑  Stern, Mellins & Fishman 1999, p. 398; Western Union 1875, p. 49.
↑  Landau & Condit 1996, p. 81; Western Union 1875, p. 49.
1 2 3  Landau & Condit 1996, p. 81.
1 2  Reid 1879, p. 569.
1 2  Landau & Condit 1996, pp. 80–81; Stern, Mellins & Fishman 1999, p. 398.
↑  Landau & Condit 1996, pp. 80–81.
1 2  Reid 1879, p. 569; Stern, Mellins & Fishman 1999, p. 398.
↑  Landau & Condit 1996, p. 408; Western Union 1875, p. 49.
↑  Landau & Condit 1996, p. 78; Weisman 1953, p. 13.
↑  Landau & Condit 1996, p. 80; Reid 1879, p. 573.
↑  "Telegraph Time Service: How City Clocks Are Regulated the Office on the Service in the Western Union Building—the Standard Clock—Question of International Time". New-York Tribune. February 13, 1882. p. 2. ProQuest 572953111. Retrieved January 31, 2021 – via ProQuest.
↑  אודות ג'ורג' מאי פלפס באתר telegraph-history.org
↑  "George M. Phelps: Master Telegraph Instrument Maker and Inventor". www.telegraph-history.org. Retrieved January 30, 2021.
↑  "Turning Back the Hands; a Quiet Change to the Standard Time. Stopping the Pendulums in the City Clocks and in the Railroad Stations—the Movement Started" (PDF). The New York Times. November 19, 1883. p. 5. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved January 31, 2021.
1 2 3 4 5 6  Landau & Condit 1996, p. 80.
↑  McFadden, Robert D. (December 29, 1987). "'88 Countdown: 3, 2, 1, Leap Second, 0". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved January 31, 2021.
↑  "NYC ball drop goes 'green' on 100th anniversary". CNN. December 31, 2007. Retrieved January 31, 2021.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7  Landau & Condit 1996, p. 84.
1 2  "The Reconstructed Western Union Building". The Real Estate Record: Real Estate Record and Builders' Guide. Vol. 47, no. 1206. April 25, 1891. p. 647 – via columbia.edu.
1 2  "Old Western Union Building Soon To Go; Lower Broadway Landmark Will Be Replaced by a 26-Story Structure". The New York Times. November 19, 1911. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved February 9, 2020.
↑  "Sky Building in New York". The Building News. Vol. 45. September 7, 1883. pp. 363–364.
↑  Landau & Condit 1996, p. 80; Reid 1879, p. 569; Western Union 1875, p. 49.
↑  Reid 1879, pp. 569–570; Western Union 1875, pp. 49–50.
1 2 3  Reid 1879, p. 570; Western Union 1875, p. 50.
↑  Landau & Condit 1996, pp. 83–84; Reid 1879, pp. 570–571.
↑  Landau & Condit 1996, pp. 80–81; Western Union 1875, p. 50.
↑  Reid 1879, p. 571; Western Union 1875, p. 50.
↑  Reid 1879, p. 569; Western Union 1875, p. 50.
↑  Landau & Condit 1996, p. 80; Reid 1879, p. 569; Stern, Mellins
1 2  Reid 1879, p. 571; Western Union 1875, p. 51.
↑  Stern, Mellins & Fishman 1999, p. 398; Western Union 1875, p. 51.
↑  Western Union 1875, p. 51.
1 2  Stern, Mellins & Fishman 1999, p. 398; Western Union 1875, p. 50.
↑  Landau & Condit 1996, p. 81; Western Union 1875, p. 50.
↑  Landau & Condit 1996, p. 80; Reid 1879, pp. 572–573; Stern, Mellins & Fishman 1999, p. 398; Western Union 1875, p. 51.
↑  Reid 1879, p. 572; Western Union 1875, p. 51.
↑  Landau & Condit 1996, p. 80; Reid 1879, p. 572; Western Union 1875, p. 51.
↑  Reid 1879, pp. 572–573; Stern, Mellins & Fishman 1999, p. 398; Western Union 1875, p. 51.
↑  Reid 1879, p. 573; Stern, Mellins & Fishman 1999, p. 398; Western Union 1875, p. 51.
1 2  Reid 1879, p. 573.
1 2  "A Triumph in Mechanism: the Equipment of the Western Union's New Quarters". The New York Times. January 21, 1892. p. 9. ISSN 0362-4331. ProQuest 1016020692. Retrieved January 31, 2021 – via ProQuest.
↑  Landau & Condit 1996, p. 81; Stern, Mellins & Fishman 1999, p. 398; Western Union 1875, p. 51.
↑  Reid 1879, p. 573; Western Union 1875, p. 51.
↑  Reid 1879, p. 571.
1 2  Huurdeman, A.A. (2003). The Worldwide History of Telecommunications. Wiley - IEEE. Wiley. p. 98. ISBN 978-0-471-20505-0.
↑  Brewer 1901, p. 22.
↑  Brewer 1901, p. 28.
1 2 3  Balmori 1987, p. 344.
1 2 3  "The Real Estate Market". New York Daily Herald. March 8, 1872. p. 5. Retrieved January 29, 2021 – via newspapers.com open access.
1 2 3  "A New Business Centre" (PDF). The New York Times. March 8, 1872. p. 8. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved January 30, 2021.
↑  Stern, Mellins & Fishman 1999, pp. 396, 398.
↑  "Napoleon's Finances". Buffalo Morning Express and Illustrated Buffalo Express. March 28, 1872. p. 2. Retrieved January 30, 2021 – via newspapers.com open access.
↑  "A New Building for the Telegraph Company". Buffalo Morning Express and Illustrated Buffalo Express. April 4, 1872. p. 4. Retrieved January 30, 2021 – via newspapers.com open access.
↑  Landau & Condit 1996, p. 78; Stern, Mellins & Fishman 1999, p. 396.
↑  Balmori 1987, p. 347; Stern, Mellins & Fishman 1999, p. 398.
↑  Landau & Condit 1996, p. 408; Stern, Mellins & Fishman 1999, p. 398.
↑  Balmori 1987, p. 347; Landau & Condit 1996, p. 78.
↑  Balmori 1987, p. 353.
↑  Balmori 1987, pp. 347–348; Stern, Mellins & Fishman 1999, p. 398.
↑  Balmori 1987, pp. 353–354.
↑  "New Buildings in Progress: the Western Union Building—the Dry Dock Savings Bank—the New Fifth-Ave. Presbyterian Church". New-York Tribune. May 2, 1874. p. 3. ProQuest 572574181. Retrieved January 31, 2021 – via ProQuest.
1 2  Reid 1879, pp. 568–569.
↑  Reid 1879, p. 570.
↑  Reid 1879, pp. 570–571; Western Union 1875, p. 50.
↑  Western Union 1875, p. 50.
↑  Reid 1879, p. 572.
↑  "New York Items: Edison's Lights to Be Introduced Into the Western Union Telegraph Building". Courier-Journal. March 7, 1883. p. 2. ProQuest 1082117055. Retrieved January 31, 2021 – via ProQuest.
↑  "Western Union Building Damaged: the Loss Slight and No Interruption to the Company's Business Explosion and Flames in a Church". New-York Tribune. November 22, 1889. p. 3. ProQuest 573507190. Retrieved January 31, 2021 – via ProQuest.
1 2  "Flames at Work". Times Union. July 18, 1890. p. 1. Retrieved January 31, 2021 – via newspapers.com open access.
↑  "Fire in the Air". The Evening World. July 18, 1890. p. 1. Retrieved January 31, 2021 – via newspapers.com open access.
↑  "The Reconstructed Western Union Building". The Real Estate Record: Real Estate Record and Builders' Guide. Vol. 46, no. 1167. July 26, 1890. p. 110 – via columbia.edu.
↑  "The Wires Are Working; Telegraph Service Being Put Into Shape. The Western Union Building in the Hands of Repairers – Business Transacted at Branch Offices" (PDF). The New York Times. July 20, 1890. p. 1. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved January 31, 2021.
↑  "Killed by a Falling Chute: Fatal Sequel of the Western Union Building Fire—another Man Hurt Seriously". New-York Tribune. July 31, 1890. p. 3. ProQuest 573609682. Retrieved January 31, 2021 – via ProQuest.
↑  "Ready for Work Again: Three Hundred Telegraph Operators at Their Posts the Western Union Building a Busy Place—pushing the Repairs Rapidly". New-York Tribune. July 22, 1890. p. 1. ProQuest 573552112. Retrieved January 31, 2021 – via ProQuest.
↑  "Repairs Go on Briskly: the Western Union Restoring Order Out of Confusion. Transmissions Still Subjected to Great Delay, but the System Almost in Working Order" (PDF). The New York Times. July 22, 1890. p. 8. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved January 31, 2021.
↑  "The Western Union Fire.: Plans for the Reconstructed Building - all Wires Working" (PDF). The New York Times. July 23, 1890. p. 8. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved January 31, 2021.
↑  "The Reconstructed Western Union Building". The Real Estate Record: Real Estate Record and Builders' Guide. Vol. 47, no. 1206. April 25, 1891. p. 647 – via columbia.edu.
↑  "In the Real Estate Field; Western Union Adds to Its Dey Street Holdings – Broadway Lots Sold on the Heights – Buyers for Houses in Fifth Avenue Section – Day's Dealings in Bronx Properties" (PDF). The New York Times. December 10, 1904. p. 14. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved February 1, 2021.
↑  "Western Union For More Improvements; Executive Board Pledges the Company Also to Increased Salaries Based on Merit". The New York Times. April 7, 1910. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved February 9, 2020.
↑  "Western Union to Build: Will Erect 26 Story Building at Broadway and Dey Street". New-York Tribune. November 19, 1911. p. 2. ProQuest 574839083. Retrieved January 31, 2021 – via ProQuest.
↑  Jacobs, Quentin Snowden (1988). William Welles Bosworth: Major Works (MS Thesis). Historic Preservation, Columbia University. p. 87.
1 2  Gray, Christopher (April 23, 2000). "Streetscapes/AT&T Headquarters at 195 Broadway; A Bellwether Building Where History Was Made". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on March 10, 2020. Retrieved February 9, 2020.
1 2 3  "American Telephone and Telegraph Building" (PDF). New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission. July 25, 2006. p. 3.
↑  "The Real Estate Field; Private Dwellings the Feature of a Dull Market". The New York Times. December 11, 1913. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved February 9, 2020.
↑  "Associated Press to Move to-day; Will Take Larger Quarters in Emigrant Savings Bank Building" (PDF). The New York Times. April 6, 1914. p. 8. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved February 1, 2021.
↑  "State Fund Insurance; Big Employers Taking Out Policies – 4,000 Already Written". The New York Times. June 29, 1914. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved February 9, 2020.
↑  "Old Western Union Building Nearly Razed: New Structure to Rise on the Site to Cost About $4,000,000 and the Value of the Ground Is $2,575,000—power of Leases on Real Estate". Wall Street Journal. August 26, 1914. p. 6. ISSN 0099-9660. ProQuest 129443555. Retrieved January 31, 2021 – via ProQuest.
↑  Bosworth, William Welles (1917). "The Telephone and Telegraph Building, New York City". Architecture and Building. Vol. 49. W.T. Comstock Company. p. 4. Retrieved February 9, 2020.
↑  "Western Union Quits Its 55-year-old Home; Begins Moving Executive Offices From 195 Broadway to New West Broadway Building". The New York Times. August 12, 1930. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on February 26, 2018. Retrieved February 9, 2020.
↑  "New Building of the Western Union Telegraph Company—its Dimensions and Arrangements". New-York Tribune. April 25, 1873. p. 8. Retrieved January 31, 2021 – via ProQuest.
↑  Bloor, A. J. (October 12, 1876). "Annual Address". Proceedings of the Annual Convention of the American Institute of Architects. Vol. 10. pp. 29–30.
↑  Stern, Mellins & Fishman 1999, p. 399.
↑  "The Reconstructed Western Union Building". The Real Estate Record: Real Estate Record and Builders' Guide. Vol. 47, no. 1206. April 25, 1891. p. 647 – via columbia.edu.
↑  Weisman 1972, pp. 182–183.
↑  Gray, Christopher (May 15, 1988). "In the New York Region; the Lost Skyscrapers of Bygone New York". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved September 20, 2020.
↑  Landau & Condit 1996, p. 62.
↑  Landau & Condit 1996, p. 62; Weisman 1953, p. 13.
↑  Kaufmann, Edgar; Metropolitan Museum of Art (New York, N.Y.); Fein, Albert; Hitchcock, Henry-Russell; Scully, Vincent Joseph; Weisman, Winston (1970). "A New View of Skyscraper History". The rise of an American architecture, etc. London: Pall Mall P. p. 125. OCLC 1121117656.
↑  Hitchcock, Henry-Russell (1992). Architecture: nineteenth and twentieth centuries. New Haven: Yale University Press. p. 239. ISBN 978-0-300-05320-3. OCLC 702601662.
↑  Schuyler, Montgomery (September 1909). "The Evolution of the Skyscraper". Scribner's Magazine. Vol. 46. p. 261. hdl:2027/umn.319510019200199. Retrieved January 29, 2021.