תנועת החזרה לאפריקה
הערות שוליים

1 2 3 4 5 6 7  Patton, A. (1992). The" Back-to-Africa" Movement in Arkansas. The Arkansas Historical Quarterly, 51(2), 164-177.
1 2 3 4 5 6  http://library.mtsu.edu/tps/newsletters/Back_to_Africa.pdf
↑  Harris, J. E. (Ed.). (1993). Global dimensions of the African diaspora. Howard University Press.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11  Barnes, K. C. (2004). Journey of Hope: the Back-to-Africa movement in Arkansas in the late 1800s. Univ of North Carolina Press
1 2  Davis, R. L. (2003). Creating Jim Crow: In-Depth Essay. The History of Jim Crow, 3
↑  Jim Crow Laws | American Experience | PBS, www.pbs.org (באנגלית)
↑  Timothy Crumrin, "'Back to Africa?' The Colonization Movement in Early America". 2007
↑  Gatewood, W. B. (1974). Arkansas Negroes in the 1890s: Documents. The Arkansas Historical Quarterly, 33(4), 293-325
↑  Ailes, J., & Tyler-McGraw, M. (2012). Leaving Virginia for Liberia: Western Virginia Emigrants and Emancipators. West Virginia History: A Journal of Regional Studies, 6(2), 1-34
↑  Rotberg, R. I. (1983). Howard Lamar and Leonard Thompson, editors. The Frontier in History: North America and Southern Africa Compared. New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press. 1981. Pp. xii, 360. Cloth 37.50, paper 7.95
↑  Jenkins, D. (1975). Black Zion: The Return of Afro-Americans and West Indians to Africa. Wildwood House
1 2  Encyclopædia Britannica Online Marcus Garvey profile. Retrieved 20 February 2008
↑  Martin, T. (1976). Race first: The ideological and organizational struggles of Marcus Garvey and the Universal Negro Improvement Association (No. 8). The Majority Press
↑  Garvey, A. J. (Ed.). (2013). The philosophy and opinions of Marcus Garvey: Africa for the Africans. Routledge
↑  Juang, R. M. (Ed.). (2008). Africa and the Americas: Culture, Politics, and History. Abc-clio
↑  Dorsey, B. (2006). Eric Burin. Slavery and the Peculiar Solution: A History of the American Colonization Society. (Southern Dissent.) Gainesville: University Press of Florida. 2005. Pp. xiv, 223
↑  Webber, Christopher L. (2011). American to the Backbone: The Life of James W. C. Pennington, the Fugitive Slave Who Became One of the First Black Abolitionists. New York: Pegasus Books. p. 59
↑  Sherwood, H. (1917). The Formation of the American Colonization Society. The Journal of Negro History, 2(3), 209-228
↑  CFYFE, C. (1998). Captain Paul Cuffe's Logs and Letters, 1808–1817: A Black Quaker's ‘Voice from within the Veil’. Edited by Rosalind Cobb Wiggins. Washington, DC: Howard University Press, 1996. The Journal of African History, 39(1), 147-174
↑  Thomas, Lamont D. Paul Cuffe: Black Entrepreneur and Pan-Africanist (Urbana and Chicago: University of Illinois Press, 1988), 32-33, 51
↑  A Gastronomic Tour through Black History/BHM 2012"
↑  Stewart, J. C. (Ed.). (1996). 1001 things everyone should know about African American history. Doubleday Books.
↑  House, F. (2014). Freedom in the world 2014: The annual survey of political rights and civil liberties. Rowman & Littlefield
↑  Lowther, K. G. (2012). The African American Odyssey of John Kizell: A South Carolina Slave Returns to Fight the Slave Trade in His African Homeland. Univ of South Carolina Press
1 2 3  Blyden, N. (2015). “This na true story of our history”: South Carolina in Sierra Leone's historical memory. Atlantic Studies, 12(3), 355-370
↑  Hill, W. B. (1996). The ex-slave pension movement: Some historical and genealogical notes. Negro History Bulletin, 59(4), 7-11
↑  Farmer-Paellmann, D. C. (2003). Excerpt from Black Exodus: The Ex-Slave Pension Movement Reader. Should America Pay, 22-31
↑  Fyle, M. C. (2006). Historical Dictionary of Sierra Leone (Vol. 99). Scarecrow Press.
1 2 3  Fage, J. D. (1980). Slaves and society in Western Africa, c. 1445—c. 1700. The Journal of African History, 21(3), 289-310
↑  Eyerman, R. (2004). The past in the present: Culture and the transmission of memory. Acta Sociologica, 47(2), 159-169
↑  "Turner Chapel Oakville, Ontario, Canada". Find a Grave. Retrieved 2009-04-23
↑  A. A. Nation1, African American Nation Radio Online Radio by AA Nation1, BlogTalkRadio
↑  Universal Negro Improvement Association | Founder & Goal, Encyclopedia Britannica (באנגלית)
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בקרת זהויות :  NLI: 987007284651605171  LCCN: sh85010793 
Am i not a man
ג'ים קרואו
Marcus Garvey
American Colonization Society membership certificate, 1816