פרק 3 לחוקת ארצות הברית
הערות שוליים

↑  Robert N. Clinton, "A Mandatory View of Federal Court Jurisdiction: A Guided Quest for the Original Understanding of Article III, University of Pennsylvania Law Review 132 (1984), pp. 755–756
↑  John Adams, "Thoughts on Government, April 1776, Founders Online: "the judicial power ought to be distinct from both the legislative and executive, and independent upon both, that so it may be a check upon both, as both should be checks upon that".
↑  Gordon S. Wood, The Creation of the American Republic (Norton: 1993), p. 161
↑  Charles Gardner Geyh, The Struggle for Control of America's Judicial System (University of Michigan Press: 2008), pp. 26–27
↑  Historical Background on the Relationship Between Federal and State Courts, Constitution Annotated
↑  James S. Liebman, "Some Effectual Power: The Quantity and Quality of Decisionmaking Required of Article III Courts" , Columbia Law Review 98, p. 710
↑  James S. Liebman, "Some Effectual Power: The Quantity and Quality of Decisionmaking Required of Article III Courts" , Columbia Law Review 98, p. 714
↑  Robert N. Clinton, "A Mandatory View of Federal Court Jurisdiction: A Guided Quest for the Original Understanding of Article III, University of Pennsylvania Law Review 132 (1984), pp. 758–761
↑  James S. Liebman, "Some Effectual Power: The Quantity and Quality of Decisionmaking Required of Article III Courts" , Columbia Law Review 98, pp. 715–716
↑  James S. Liebman, "Some Effectual Power: The Quantity and Quality of Decisionmaking Required of Article III Courts" , Columbia Law Review 98, p. 725
1 2    Michael G. Collins, "Article III Cases, State Court Duties, and the Madisonian Compromise", University of Wisconsin Law Review 39 (1995)
1 2  ArtIII.S1.8.2 Historical Background on Establishment of Article III Courts, Constitution Annotated
↑  Michael L. Wells and Edward J. Larson, "Original Intent and Article III, Tulane Law Review (70) (1995-1996). p. 81 and passim
↑  Robert N. Clinton, "A Mandatory View of Federal Court Jurisdiction: A Guided Quest for the Original Understanding of Article III, University of Pennsylvania Law Review 132 (1984), pp. 801–803
↑  Antifederalist No. 78-79, 80, and 81: The Power of the Judiciary (in three parts), The University of Tulsa website
↑  Dan T. Coenen, "Fifteen Curious Facts about The Federalist Papers", Advocate Fall 2007/Winter 2008, p. 5
↑  Montesquieu, The Spirit of the Laws (Cambridge University Press: 1989), p. 160
↑  Alexander Hamilton (Publius), The Federalist Papers: No. 78 – The Judiciary Department, published May 28, 1788, Avalon Project website
↑  Charles Gardner Geyh, The Struggle for Control of America's Judicial System (University of Michigan Press: 2008)
↑  National Mut. Ins. Co. v. Tidewater Transfer Co., Inc., 337 U.S. 582 (1949), Justice Frankfurter dissenting, p. 646
↑  Robert N. Clinton, "A Mandatory View of Federal Court Jurisdiction: A Guided Quest for the Original Understanding of Article III, University of Pennsylvania Law Review 132 (1984), p. 741
↑  John A. Ferejohn and Larry D. Kramer, "Independent Judges, Dependent Judiciary: Institutionalizing Judicial Restraint, New York University Law Review 77(4) (2002), p. 1009
↑  Ann Woolhandler and Caleb Nelson, "Does History Defeat Standing Doctrine?, Michigan Law Review 102(4) (2004)
↑  John P. Kaminsky, Secrecy and the Constitutional Convention, (The Center for the Study of the American Constitution, University of Wisconsin-Madison: 2005)
↑  Robert J. Pushaw, Jr., "Judicial Vesting Clause", The Heritage Guide to the Constitution
↑  "the power of a court to decide and pronounce a judgment and carry it into effect between persons and parties who bring a case before it for decision", see ArtIII.S1.1 Overview of the Judicial Vesting Clause, Constitution Annotated
↑  Muskrat v. United States, 219 U.S. 346 (1911), p. 356
↑  "the right to determine actual controversies arising between diverse litigants, duly instituted in courts of proper jurisdiction", see ArtIII.S1.1 Overview of the Judicial Vesting Clause, Constitution Annotated
↑  האקדמיה ללשון העברית, הדין האזרחי [משפט (תשע"ט)]
1 2  Richard W. Garnett and David A. Strauss, Article III, Section 1: Common Interpretation, National Constitution Center
↑  Charles Gardner Geyh, The Struggle for Control of America's Judicial System (University of Michigan Press: 2008), pp. 31–33
1 2 3 4 5  ArtIII.S2.C2.6 Exceptions Clause and Congressional Control over Appellate Jurisdiction, Constitution Annotated
↑  Charles Gardner Geyh, The Struggle for Control of America's Judicial System (University of Michigan Press: 2008), pp. 44ff
1 2  Bradley C. S. Watson, "Supreme Court", The Heritage Guide to the Constitution
↑  Amy Coney Barrett, "The Supervisory Power of the Supreme Court" , Columbia Law Review 106 (2006), p. 357
↑  "The law in this area is clear. This Court has supervisory authority over the federal courts, and we may use that authority to prescribe rules of evidence and procedure that are binding in those tribunals". Dickerson v. United States, 530 U.S. 428 (2000), p. 437
↑  Kermit Hall, "Scott v. Sandford", in Oxford Companion to the Supreme Court of the United States, Second edition, (Oxford University Press: 2005), p. 889
1 2 3  David F. Forte, "Good Behavior Clause", The Heritage Guide to the Constitution
↑  ArtIII.S1.10.1 Overview of Federal Judiciary Protections, Constitution Annotated
↑  John Adams, Thoughts on Government, April 1776, from The Founders' Constitution, Volume 1, Chapter 4, Document 5
↑  "This provision for the support of the judges bears every mark of prudence and efficacy; and it may be safely affirmed that, together with the permanent tenure of their offices, it affords a better prospect of their independence than is discoverable in the constitutions of any of the States in regard to their own judges", Alexander Hamilton, Federalist No. 79: The Judiciary Continued, May 28, 1788, Avalon Project
↑  הכרזת העצמאות,  4 ביולי 1776, בתרגום ארנון גוטפלד
↑  Charles Gardner Geyh, The Struggle for Control of America's Judicial System (University of Michigan Press: 2008), p. 24
↑  ראו פרק 1 (חלק שני סעיף 5 וחלק שלישי סעיפים 6–7) ופרק 2 (חלק רביעי)
↑  ArtIII.S1.10.2.3 Doctrine and Practice, Constitution Annotated
↑  Impeachments of Federal Judges, Federal Judiciary Center
↑  Evans v. Gore, 253 U.S. 245 (1920)
↑  Miles v. Graham, 268 U.S. 501 (1925)
↑  United States v. Hatter, 532 U.S. 557 (2001)
↑  ArtIII.S1.10.3.2 Compensation Clause Doctrine and Practice, Constitution Annotated
↑  ArtIII.S1.8.3 Supreme Court and Congress, Constitution Annotated
↑  G. Edward White, Law in American History, Volume 1: From the Colonial Years Through the Civil War (Oxford University Press: 2012), p. 197
↑  Judiciary Act of 1789: Primary Documents in American History, Library of Congress Research Guide
↑  ArtIII.S1.8.6 Courts of Specialized Jurisdiction and Congress, Constitution Annotated
1 2  ArtIII.S1.2 Historical Background on Judicial Review, Constitution Annotated
↑  ArtIII.S1.6.1 Overview of Relationship Between Federal and State Courts, Constitution Annotated
↑  The Debate Over the Judicial Branch, Center for the Study of the American Constitution, University of Wisconsin
↑  Carson Holloway, "Against Judicial Supremacy: The Founders and the Limits on the Courts", First Principles, The Heritage Foundation, pp. 4–5
↑  ArtIII.S1.3 Marbury v. Madison and Judicial Review, Constitution Annotated
↑  Larry D. Kramer, "Marbury and the Retreat from Judicial Supremacy", Constitutional Commentary 20 (2003), p. 215
1 2  ArtIII.S1.5.2 Reopening Final Judicial Decisions, Constitution Annotated
↑  Plaut v. Spendthrift Farm, Inc., 514 U.S. 211 (1995)
↑  ArtIII.S1.8.4 Establishment of Inferior Federal Courts, Constitution Annotated
↑  Aetna Life Ins. Co. v. Haworth, 300 U.S. 227 (1937), p. 300
1 2  Killian et al. 2002, p. 725; ArtIII.S2.C1.1 Overview of Cases and Controversies, Constitution Annotated
↑  Robert J. Pushaw Jr., "Article III's Case/Controversy Distinction and the Dual Functions of Federal Courts, Notre Dame Law Review 69(3) (1994), pp. 448–450
↑  Killian et al. 2002, p. 435.
↑  ArtIII.S1.6.3 Doctrine on Federal and State Courts, Constitution Annotated
↑  ArtIII.S1.9.6 Legislative Courts Adjudicating Public Rights, Constitution Annotated
1 2 3  Arthur Hellman, "Judicial Power", The Heritage Guide to the Constitution
↑  Dennis W. Arrow, "Treaties", The Heritage Guide to the Constitution
↑  "The judiciary authority of the Union is to extend... To treaties made, or which shall be made, under the authority of the United States, and to all cases affecting ambassadors, other public ministers, and consuls. These belong to the fourth class of the enumerated cases, as they have an evident connection with the preservation of the national peace". Alexander Hamilton, Federalist No. 80: The Powers of the Judiciary, August 12 1788, Avalon Project
↑  ArtII.S2.C2.1.9 Effect of Treaties on the Constitution, Constitution Annotated
↑  David F. Forte, "Ambassadors", The Heritage Guide to the Constitution
↑  ArtIII.S2.C1.12.2 Historical Background on Admiralty and Maritime Jurisdiction, Constitution Annotated
↑  David F. Forte, "Admiralty", The Heritage Guide to the Constitution
↑  Killian et al. 2002, p. 820
↑  Joseph Story, "Commentaries on the Constitution", Book III, § 1660
↑  The Propeller Genesee Chief, 53 U.S. 443 (1851)
↑  Maritime Law, Encyclopedia of Cleveland, Case Western Reserve University
↑  Chisholm v. Georgia, 2 U.S. 419 (1793), p. 475
↑  ArtIII.S2.C1.13.1 Overview of Cases to Which the United States Is a Party, Constitution Annotated
↑  ArtIII.S2.C1.13.3 Suits Against States, Constitution Annotated
↑  Paul Rosenzweig, "Federal Party", The Heritage Guide to the Constitution
↑  ArtIII.S2.C1.13.4 Suits Against the United States and Sovereign Immunity, Constitution Annotated
↑  ArtIII.S2.C1.14.1 Historical Background on Controversies Between Two or More States, Constitution Annotated
↑  Articles of Confederation, Article IX (1231.10); see here, pp. 941–942
↑  Paul Rosenzweig, "Interstate Disputes", The Heritage Guide to the Constitution
↑  Ernest A. Young, "Citizen-State Diversity", The Heritage Guide to the Constitution; ArtIII.S2.C1.15.1 Historical Background on Controversies Between a State and Citizens of Other States, Constitution Annotated
↑  Kurt T. Lash, "Leaving the Chisholm Trail: The Eleventh Amendment and the Background Principle of Strict Construction", 50 Wm. & Mary L. Rev. 1577 (2009)
↑  ArtIII.S2.C1.15.1 Historical Background on Controversies Between a State and Citizens of Other States, Constitution Annotated
↑  ArtIII.S2.C1.18.2 Suits Involving Foreign States, Constitution Annotated
↑  ArtIII.S2.C1.18.1 Controversies Between a State or its Citizens and Foreign States or Citizens, Constitution Annotated
↑  Terence Pell, "Diversity Clause", The Heritage Guide to the Constitution
1 2  ArtIII.S2.C1.16.2 Historical Background on Diversity Jurisdiction, Constitution Annotated
↑  Alexander Hamilton, Federalist No. 80: The Powers of the Judiciary, August 12 1788, Avalon Project
↑  ArtIII.S2.C1.16.1 Overview of Diversity Jurisdiction, Constitution Annotated
↑  28 U.S.C. § 1332
↑  ArtIII.S2.C1.16.5 Insufficient or Manufactured Diversity, Constitution Annotated
↑  ArtIII.S2.C1.16.3 Citizens of Different States and Diversity Jurisdiction, Constitution Annotated
↑  ArtIII.S2.C1.16.4 Citizenship of Natural Persons and Corporations, Constitution Annotated
↑  John C. Eastman, "Land Grant Jurisdiction Clause", The Heritage Guide to the Constitution
↑  ArtIII.S2.C1.17 Land Grants by Different States, Constitution Annotated
↑  Justiciability, Legal Information Institute
↑  ArtIII.S2.C1.4.3 Advisory Opinions and Declaratory Judgments, Constitution Annotated
↑  This Day in Supreme Court History — August 8, 1793, Chicago-Kent College of Law "SCOTUSnow", August 8 2017; ArtIII.S2.C1.4.2 Advisory Opinion Doctrine and Practice, Constitution Annotated
↑  See for example Flast v. Cohen, 392 U.S. 83 (1968), pp. 96–97
↑  ArtIII.S2.C1.4.1 Overview of Advisory Opinions, Constitution Annotated
↑  ArtIII.S2.C1.5.1 Overview of Adversity Requirement, Constitution Annotated
↑  Lord v. Veazie, 49 U.S. 251 (1850); ArtIII.S2.C1.5.2 Early Adversity Doctrine, Constitution Annotated
1 2  ArtIII.S2.C1.5.3 Intra-Branch Litigation and Adversity Doctrine, Constitution Annotated
↑  ArtIII.S2.C1.5.4 Challenges to Statutes that the Executive Branch Agrees Are Unconstitutional, Constitution Annotated
↑  ArtIII.S2.C1.6.1 Overview of Standing, Constitution Annotated
↑  ArtIII.S2.C1.6.2 Early Standing Doctrine, Constitution Annotated
↑  "The party who invokes the power must be able to show not only that the statute is invalid, but that he has sustained or is immediately in danger of sustaining some direct injury as the result of its enforcement, and not merely that he suffers in some indefinite way in common with people generally". See Commonwealth of Massachusetts v. Mellon, 262 U.S. 447 (1923), p. 488
↑  ArtIII.S2.C1.6.3 Standing Doctrine from 1940s to 1970s, Constitution Annotated
↑  ArtIII.S2.C1.6.4.1 Overview of Lujan Test, Constitution  Annotated
↑  Lujan v. Defenders of Wildlife, 504 U.S. 555 (1992), pp. 560–561
↑  ראו למשל פסק דין "טראמפ נגד ניו יורק" משנת 2020 (Trump v. New York, 592 U.S. ___ (2020), slip opinion, pp. 3–4)
↑  ArtIII.S2.C1.7.1 Overview of Ripeness Doctrine, Constitution Annotated
↑  ArtIII.S2.C1.7.11 Continuing Vitality of Ripeness Doctrine, Constitution Annotated
↑  ArtIII.S2.C1.7.3 Abbott Laboratories Trilogy and Ripeness, Constitution Annotated
↑  ArtIII.S2.C1.8.1 Overview of Mootness Doctrine, Constitution Annotated
↑  Stephen Wermiel, "SCOTUS for law students: Battling over mootness", SCOTUSblog, August 29 2019; ArtIII.S2.C1.8.4 General Criteria of Mootness, Constitution Annotated; DeFunis v. Odegaard, 416 U.S. 312 (1974)
↑  ArtIII.S2.C1.8.7 Capable of Repetition, Yet Evading Review, Constitution Annotated
↑  DaimlerChrysler Corp. v. Cuno, 547 U.S. 332 (2006), p. 352
↑  See e.g., Scott Dodson, "Article III and the Political Question Doctrine", Northwestern University Law Review 116, pp. 681–736
↑  Jared P. Cole, "The Political Question Doctrine: Justiciability and the Separation of Powers", Congressional Research Service, December 23 2014, pp. 6–8
↑  Marbury v. Madison, 5 U.S. 137 (1803), p. 170
↑  Jared P. Cole, "The Political Question Doctrine: Justiciability and the Separation of Powers", Congressional Research Service, December 23 2014, p. 3
↑  ArtIII.S2.C1.9.2 Marbury v. Madison and Political Question Doctrine, Constitution Annotated
↑  ArtIII.S2.C1.9.3 Luther v. Borden and the Guarantee Clause, Constitution Annotated; Luther v. Borden, 48 U.S. 1 (1849)
↑  Jared P. Cole, "The Political Question Doctrine: Justiciability and the Separation of Powers", Congressional Research Service, December 23 2014, pp. 9–14
↑  Baker v. Carr, 369 U.S. 186 (1962), p. 369; ArtIII.S2.C1.9.1 Overview of Political Question Doctrine, Constitution Annotated; Jared P. Cole, "The Political Question Doctrine: Justiciability and the Separation of Powers", Congressional Research Service, December 23 2014, pp. 5–6
↑  ArtIII.S2.C2.1 Overview of Supreme Court Jurisdiction, Constitution Annotated
↑  ArtIII.S2.C2.2 Supreme Court Original Jurisdiction, Constitution Annotated
1 2 3  Paul Verkuil, Original Jurisdiction, Heritage Guide to the Constitution
↑  Federal Judiciary Act (1789): "And be it further enacted, That the Supreme Court shall have exclusive jurisdiction of all controversies of a civil nature, where a state is a party, except between a state and its citizens; and except also between a state and citizens of other states, or aliens, in which latter case it shall have original but not exclusive jurisdiction."
↑  Wisconsin v. Pelican Ins. Co., 127 U.S. 265 (1888)
↑  28 U.S. Code § 1251 - Original jurisdiction, Legal Information Institute
↑  Texas v. Pennsylvania, 592 U.S. ___ (2020)
↑  Dan Berman, Explaining the Supreme Court’s ruling denying Trump and how Alito and Thomas didn’t dissent, CNN, December 12, 2020
↑  Arizona v. California 589 U.S. ____ (2020), February 24, 2020
↑  Amy Howe, Justices throw out Texas lawsuit that sought to block election outcome, SCOTUSblog, December 11, 2020
↑  Herb v. Pitcairn, 324 U.S. 117 (1945)
↑  ArtIII.S2.C2.5 Supreme Court Review of State Court Decisions, Constitution Annotated
1 2    Megan Reilly, "Is the Supreme Court's Virtually Complete Discretion in Certiorari Decisions as Afforded by Congress in the Supreme Court Case Selections Act of 1988 Ethical, and What Potential Ethical Ramifications Stem from Such Control, Georgetown Journal of Legal Ethics 1299 (2016), pp. 1300–1302
↑  United States v. Generes, 405 U.S. 93 (1972), Justice Douglas, dissenting, p. 405 n. 22
↑  U.S. Supreme Court Research Guide: Overview, University of Michigan Law Library
1 2 3 4  Andrew S. Gold, [Appellate Jurisdiction Clause], The Heritage Guide to the Constitution
↑  Brutus, no. 14, 1788, from The Founders' Constitution, Vol. 4 (University of Chicago Press: 1981)
↑  Alexander Hamilton, The Federalist No. 81: The Judiciary Continued, and the Distribution of the Judicial Authority, Avalon Project
↑  William M. Treanor, "Hamilton and the Judiciary", in The Cambridge Companion to the Federalist, edited by Jack N. Rakove and Colleen A. Sheehan, (Cambridge University Press: 2020), p. 498
1 2  Tara Leigh Grove, "The Exceptions Clause as a Structural Safeguard", Columbia Law Review 113 (2013), p. 930
↑  Henry M. Hart, Jr., "The Power of Congress to Limit the Jurisdiction of Federal Courts: An Exercise in Dialectic, Harvard Law Review 66(8) (1953), p. 1365
↑  Akhil Reed Amar, "A Neo-Federalist View of Article III: Separating the Two Tiers of Federal Jurisdiction, Boston University Law Review 65 (1985)
↑  Robert N. Clinton, "A Mandatory View of Federal Court Jurisdiction: A Guided Quest for the Original Understanding of Article III, University of Pennsylvania Law Review 132 (1984), p. 753
↑  Hamdan v. Rumsfeld, 548 U.S. 557 (2006), p. 672
↑  Steven G. Calabresi and Gary G. Lawson, "The Unitary Executive, Jurisdiction Stripping, and the Hamdan Opinions: A Textualist Response to Justice Scalia", Columbia Law Review 107 (2007)
↑  Alex Glasshauser, "A Return to Form for the Exceptions Clause, Boston College Law Review 51 (2010)
1 2  Amdt6.4.2 Historical Background on Right to Trial by Jury, Constitution Annotated
1 2  Rachel E. Barkow, "Criminal Trials, The Heritage Guide to the Constitution
↑  הכרזת העצמאות, בתרגום ארנון גוטפלד, באתר שגרירות ארצות הברית בישראל (מאורכב)
↑  Amdt6.4.1 Overview of Right to Trial by Jury, Constitution Annotated
1 2 3  Bradley C. S. Watson, Treason, The Heritage Guide to the Constitution
↑  James Willard Hurst, The Law of Treason in the United States: Collected Essays (Greenwood Publishing: 1971), p. 131
↑  Deborah Pearlstein, "Treason by Any Other Name, National Constitution Center
↑  S.C. Biggs, "Treason and the Trial of William Joyce", The University of Toronto Law Journal 7(1) (1947)
↑  Great Britain, The Statutes, Volume 1; Volume 1236, in original Norman French text with translation to English (Eyre & Spottiswood: 1870), p. 185
↑  Maynard Anderson, "Introduction", in Citizen Espionage: Studies in Trust and Betrayal, edited by Theodore R. Sarbin, Ralph M. Carney, and Carson Eoyang, (1994), p. 28
↑  James Willard Hurst, The Law of Treason in the United States: Collected Essays (Greenwood Publishing: 1971), p. 194
↑  Joseph Story, Commentaries on the Constitution of the United States, Book 3, Chapter 39, section 1793 (1833)
↑  James Willard Hurst, The Law of Treason in the United States: Collected Essays (Greenwood Publishing: 1971), pp. 76–82
↑    Cade S. Palmer, "The Biblical Origin of the Constitution’s Two-Witness Standard, Journal of Church and State 64(2), pp. 259–279
↑  Cramer v. United States, 325 U.S. 1 (1945), p. 24 n.36–37
↑  James Willard Hurst, The Law of Treason in the United States: Collected Essays (Greenwood Publishing: 1971), pp. 82–84
↑  James Willard Hurst, The Law of Treason in the United States: Collected Essays (Greenwood Publishing: 1971), p. 134
↑  James Willard Hurst, The Law of Treason in the United States: Collected Essays (Greenwood Publishing: 1971), pp. 136–138
↑  Louis Fisher, "The Law: Jefferson and the Burr Conspiracy: Executive Power against the Law", Presidential Studies Quarterly 45(1) (2015), pp. 158–159
↑  ArtIII.S3.C1.2 Levying War as Treason' Constitution Annotated
↑  ArtIII.S3.C1.3 Trial of Aaron Burr, Constitution Annotated
1 2 3 4  ArtIII.S3.C1.4 Aid and Comfort to the Enemy as Treason, Constitution Annotated
↑  Kawakita v. United States, 343 U.S. 717 (1952), pp. 734–736
↑  United States v. Rosenberg, 195 F.2d 583 (1952)
↑  U.S. Citizen Indicted on Treason, Material Support Charges for Providing Aid and Comfort to al Qaeda, United States Department of Justice, October 11, 2006
↑  Greg Botelho, Adam Gadahn, American mouthpiece for al Qaeda, killed, CNN, April 23, 2015
1 2  Bradley C. S. Watson, Punishment of Treason, The Heritage Guide to the Constitution
↑  Attinader, Luminarium Encyclopedia Project
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ערך מומלץ: 
העמוד הראשון מתוך "תוכנית וירג'יניה" שהוצגה בוועידת החוקה. התוכנית, שנהגתה על ידי ג'יימס מדיסון הייתה הבסיס לרבים מהדיונים בוועידה, כולל הדיונים על מערכת המשפט. היא הוצגה בוועידה על ידי אדמונד רנדולף.
דיוקן של ג'יימס מדיסון כחבר בית הנבחרים בשנת 1792. הפשרה שהושגה בוועידת החוקה, לפיה יהיה בית משפט עליון יחיד והקונגרס יוסמך לכונן את הערכאות הכפופות לו, נקראת על שמו, "הפשרה המדיסונית". למדיסון הייתה השפעה רבה על הליך ניסוח החוקה. ועידת החוקה התנהלה בדלתיים סגורות ובחלונות מוגפים, ועל מנת שהצירים ירגישו חופשיים לדבר, הם נשבעו לשמור על סודיות מוחלטת של הדיונים במהלכה ולאחריה. התיעוד של הדיונים בכתב ידו של מדיסון נערך ופורסם ארבע שנים לאחר מותו. זהו כיום המקור ההיסטורי העיקרי למה שהתרחש במהלך הדיונים.
רוג'ר טוני, נשיא בית המשפט העליון בשנים 1836–1864, כתב מכתב חריף למזכיר האוצר סלמון צ'ייס, בו הוא הביע מחאה על חוק שאיפשר מיסוי של שופטים וטען שמיסויים אינו חוקתי (ב-1864, צ'ייס החליף את טוני בתפקיד נשיא בית המשפט). טוני חיבר את פסק דין דרד סקוט נגד סנדפורד (1857), שבו פסל בית המשפט חוק פדרלי, בפעם הראשונה מאז פסק דין מרבורי נגד מדיסון (1803); פסק הדין, שקבע שהחוקה אינה מעניקה אזרחות לאפרו-אמריקאים ולכן גם לא מבטיחה להם את זכויות אזרח, נחשב בעיני רבים לפסק הדין הגרוע בתולדות בית המשפט העליון. טוני כיהן בתחילת מלחמת האזרחים האמריקנית, תקופה שבה התעמת בית המשפט מספר פעמים עם הרשויות האחרות, כולל בהקשר של פסק דין אקס פרטה מרימן.
דיוקן של ג'ון ג'יי, הנשיא הראשון של בית המשפט העליון של ארצות הברית, מאת גילברט סטיוארט (1794). ג'יי דחה את בקשתו של ג'ורג' וושינגטון לחוות דעה מייעצת.
ג'ון מרשל הרלן השני, שופט בית המשפט העליון בשנים 1957–1971, שכתב את פסקי הדין החשובים ביותר בנוגע לדוקטרינת הבשלות.
דיוקן של ויליאם מק'קרדל (1815–1893). הקונגרס הפשיט את בית המשפט העליון מסמכות שיפוט בעניינים מסוימים הקשורים בהביאס קורפוס על מנת למנוע החלטה בעניינו.
איור מתחילת המאה ה-20 של הדו-קרב שבו הרג ארון בר את אלכסנדר המילטון. להמילטון הייתה השפעה רבה על ניסוח החוקה ופרשנותה – הוא השתתף בוועידת החוקה וכתב את רוב החיבורים בכתבי הפדרליסט. בר היה סגן נשיא ארצות הברית לאחר הבחירות לנשיאות ארצות הברית בשנת 1800, תחת הנשיא תומאס ג'פרסון. הקושי להכריע את תוצאות הבחירות האלו הביא לאשרור התיקון ה-12 לחוקה. לאחר תום כהונתו הואשם בר בקשירת קשר נגד ארצות הברית, והמשפט בו הוא זוכה הבהיר את הקושי להרשיע בבגידה, לאור האמור בסעיף זה.
תצלום משפטם הצבאי של המעורבים במבצע פסטוריוס. הוועדה הצבאית הרשיעה את המעורבים הישירים וגזרה עליהם עונש מוות, אך התביעה לא הציחה להשיג הרשעה בבגידה של אזרחים מעורבים שנשפטו לאחר מכן במערכת המשפט של ארצות הברית.