רשימת כתובות כנעניות וארמיות
הערות שוליים

↑  Lehmann, Reinhard G. (2013). "Wilhelm Gesenius and the Rise of Phoenician Philology" (PDF). Beihefte zur Zeitschrift für die alttestamentliche Wissenschaft. Berlin / Boston: De Gruyter. 427: 209–266. אורכב מ-המקור (PDF) ב-2016-03-04. נבדק ב-2015-04-08. Alas, all these were either late or Punic, and came from Cyprus, from the ruins of Kition, from Malta, Sardinia, Athens, and Carthage, but not yet from the Phoenician homeland. The first Phoenician text as such was found as late as 1855, the Eshmunazor sarcophagus inscription from Sidon.
↑  Turner, William Wadden (1855-07-03). The Sidon Inscription. p. 259. Its interest is greater both on this account and as being the first inscription properly so-called that has yet been found in Phoenicia proper, which had previously furnished only some coins and an inscribed gem. It is also the longest inscription hitherto discovered, that of Marseilles—which approaches it the nearest in the form of its characters, the purity of its language, and its extent — consisting of but 21 lines and fragments of lines.
↑  Kanaanäische und Aramäische Inschriften. Worvort zur 1. Auflage, p.XI. 1961. Seit dem Erscheinen von Mark Lidzbarskis "Handbuch der Nordsemitischen Epigraphik" (1898) und G. A. Cooke's "Text-Book of North-Semitic Inscriptions" (1903) ist es bis zum gegenwärtigen Zeitpunkt nicht wieder unternommen worden, das nordwestsemitische In schriftenmaterial gesammelt und kommentiert herauszugeben, um es Forschern und Stu denten zugänglich zu machen.... Um diesem Desideratum mit Rücksicht auf die Bedürfnisse von Forschung und Lehre abzu helfen, legen wir hiermit unter dem Titel "Kanaanäische und aramäische Inschriften" (KAI) eine Auswahl aus dem gesamten Bestände der einschlägigen Texte vor
1 2  Mark Woolmer (ed.). Phoenician: A Companion to Ancient Phoenicia. p. 4. Altogether, the known Phoenician texts number nearly seven thousand. The majority of these were collected in three volumes constituting the first part of the Corpus Inscriptionum Semiticarum (CIS), begun in 1867 under the editorial direction of the famous French scholar Ernest Renan (1823–1892), continued by J.-B. Chabot and concluded in 1962 by James G. Février. The CIS corpus includes 176 "Phoenician" inscriptions and 5982 "Punic" inscriptions (see below on these labels).
1 2  Parker, Heather Dana Davis; Rollston, Christopher A. (2019). "9".  In Hamidović, D.; Clivaz, C.; Savant, S. (eds.). Teaching Epigraphy in the Digital Age. Ancient Manuscripts in Digital Culture: Visualisation, Data Mining, Communication. Vol. 3. Alessandra Marguerat. LEIDEN; BOSTON: Brill. pp. 189–216. ISBN 9789004346734. JSTOR 10.1163/j.ctvrxk44t.14. Of course, Donner and Röllig's three-volume handbook entitled KAI has been the gold standard for five decades now
↑  Suder, Robert W. (1984). Hebrew Inscriptions: A Classified Bibliography. Susquehanna University Press. p. 13. ISBN 978-0-941664-01-1.
↑  Doak, Brian R. (2019-08-26). The Oxford Handbook of the Phoenician and Punic Mediterranean. Oxford University Press. p. 223. ISBN 978-0-19-049934-1. Most estimates place it at around ten thousand texts. Texts that are either formulaic or extremely short constitute the vast majority of the evidence.
↑  KAUFMAN, S. (1986). The Pitfalls of Typology: On the Early History of the Alphabet. Hebrew Union College Annual, 57, 1–14. נבדק ב-21 במאי 2022
↑  McCarter Jr., P. Kyle (1 בינואר 1991). "The Dialect of the Deir Alla Texts".  In Jacob Hoftijzer and Gerrit Van der Kooij (ed.). The Balaam Text from Deir ʻAlla Re-evaluated: Proceedings of the International Symposium Held at Leiden, 21–24 August 1989. BRILL. pp. 87–. ISBN 90-04-09317-6. It may be appropriate to observe at this point that students of the Northwest Semitic languages seem to be becoming increasingly dissatisfied with the usefulness of the Canaanite-Aramaic distinction for categorizing features found in texts from the Persian Period and earlier. A careful reevaluation of the binary organization of the Northwest Semitic family seems now to be underway. The study of the Deir 'Alla texts is one of the principal things prompting this reevaluation, and this may be counted as one of the very positive results of our work on these texts… the evidence of the Zakkur inscription is crucial, because it shows that the breakdown is not along Aramaic-Canaanite lines. Instead, the Deir 'Alla dialect sides with Hebrew, Moabite, and the language spoken by Zakkur (the dialect of Hamath or neighboring Lu’ath) against Phoenician and the majority of Old Aramaic dialects. {{cite book}}:  (עזרה)
↑  STEPHEN A. KAUFMAN, THE CLASSIFICATION OF THE NORTH WEST SEMITIC DIALECTS OF THE BIBLICAL PERIOD AND SOME IMPLICATIONS THEREOF, Proceedings of the World Congress of Jewish Studies 9, 1985, עמ' 42–43
↑  Garr, W. Randall (2004). "The Dialectal Continuum of Syria-Palestine". Dialect Geography of Syria-Palestine, 1000-586 B.C.E. Eisenbrauns. pp. 205–. ISBN 978-1-57506-091-0.
1 2 3  Lehmann, Reinhard G. (2013). "Wilhelm Gesenius and the Rise of Phoenician Philology" (PDF). Beihefte zur Zeitschrift für die alttestamentliche Wissenschaft. Berlin / Boston: De Gruyter. 427: 240. אורכב מ-המקור (PDF) ב-2016-03-04. נבדק ב-2015-04-08. Basically, its core consists of the comprehensive edition, or re-edition of 70 Phoenician and some more non-Phoenician inscriptions... However, just to note the advances made in the nineteenth century, it is noteworthy that Gesenius' precursor Hamaker, in his Miscellanea Phoenicia of 1828, had only 13 inscriptions at his disposal. On the other hand only 30 years later the amount of Phoenician inscribed monuments had grown so enormously that Schröder in his compendium Die phönizische Sprache. Entwurf einer Grammatik nebst Sprach - und Schriftproben of 1869 could state that Gesenius knew only a quarter of the material Schröder had at hand himself.
↑  "Review of Wilhelm Gesenius's publications". The Foreign Quarterly Review. L. Scott. 1838. p. 245. What is left consists of a few inscriptions and coins, found principally not where we should a priori anticipate, namely, at the chief cities themselves, but at their distant colonies... even now there are not altogether more than about eighty inscriptions and sixty coins, and those moreover scattered through the different museums of Europe.
↑  Rollig, 1983, "This increase of textual material can be easily appreciated when one looks at the first independent grammar of Phoenician, P.SCHRODER'S Die phonizische Sprache Entuurf einer Grammatik, Halle 1869, which appeared just over 110 years ago. There on pp. 47–72 all the texts known at the time are listed — 332 of them. Today, if we look at CIS Pars I, the incompleteness of which we scarcely need mention, we find 6068 texts."
1 2  Bevan, A. (1904). NORTH-SEMITIC INSCRIPTIONS. The Journal of Theological Studies, 5(18), 281–284. Retrieved August 1, 2020, from www.jstor.org/stable/23949814
↑  לפנה"ס, אלא אם צוין אחרת
↑  תוכן הכתובת לפי KAI הוא:

לדעת.

הן יפד לך.

תחת זן
↑  René Dussaud, Inscription phénicienne de Byblos d'époque romaine, Syria. Archéologie, Art et histoire 6, 1925, עמ' 269–273 doi: 10.3406/syria.1925.3110
↑  KAI 283, 15 legible lines, left side damaged
↑  KAI 284, 21 inscriptions, few words
↑  Charles Simon Clermont-Ganneau, Une inscription phénicienne de Tyr, Comptes rendus des séances de l'Académie des Inscriptions et Belles-Lettres 41, 1897, עמ' 347–349 doi: 10.3406/crai.1897.71008
↑  Briquel Chatonnet, Françoise (2018-11-06). "Renan et l'épigraphie phénicienne au Liban". OpenEdition Books. נבדק ב-2022-10-14.
↑  AO 4831
↑  רפאל פרנקל, המקדש מן התקופה הפרסית בהר מצפה־ימים, קדמוניות ל', 1997, עמ' 49–50
↑  R. Deutsch, Forty new ancient West Semitic inscriptions, Archaeological Center, 1994, עמ' 69–73, ISBN 965-222-511-8: ”אש יתן אשמניתן ומגן ובעלפלס לאדננם לעשתרם”
↑  Jens Kamlah, Zwei nordpalästinische „Heiligtümer” der persischen Zeit und ihre epigraphischen Funde, Zeitschrift des Deutschen Palästina-Vereins 115, 1999, עמ' 170–171
↑  נחום סלושץ, אוצר הכתובות הפניקיות, דביר, 1942, עמ' 48–49
↑  Tekoglu, R. & Lemaire, A. (2000). La bilingue royale louvito-phénicienne de Çineköy. Comptes rendus de l'Académie des inscriptions, et belleslettres, année 2000, 960–1006. Important additions to the interpretation of the Luwian version were made in I. Yakubovich, Phoenician and Luwian in Early Iron Age Cilicia, Anatolian Studies 65 (2015), pp. 40–44
↑  İvriz Monument, Hittite Monuments
↑  Ilya Yakubovich, J. D. Hawkins, Phoenician and Luwian in Early Iron Age Cilicia, Anatolian Studies 65, 2015, עמ' 49
↑  Transactions of the Royal Society of Literature of the United Kingdom. J. Murray. 1863. נבדק ב-2022-01-08.
↑  נחום סלושץ, אוצר הכתובות הפניקיות, דביר, 1942, עמ' 96–99
↑  Marguerite Yon, Kition dans les textes (Kition-Bamboula V), Éditions Recherche sur les Civilisations, 2004, p. 177
↑  Maria Giulia Amadasi Guzzo, José Ángel Zamora López, L’archivio fenicio di Idalion: stato delle ricerche, Semitica et Classica 9, 2016-01 doi: 10.1484/j.sec.5.112732
↑  Maria Giulia Amadasi Guzzo, José Ángel Zamora López, Pratiques administratives phéniciennes à Idalion, Cahiers du Centre d’Études Chypriotes, 2020, עמ' 137–155 doi: 10.4000/cchyp.501
↑  P. M. Fraser, Greek-Phoenician Bilingual Inscriptions from Rhodes, The Annual of the British School at Athens 65, 1970, עמ' 31–36
↑  נחום סלושץ, אוצר הכתובות הפניקיות, דביר, 1942, עמ' 166–168
1 2  Moriggi, M. (2011). PHOENICIAN AND PUNIC INSCRIPTIONS IN THE MUSEO DI ANTICHITÀ DI TORINO (TURIN, ITALY), Egitto E Vicino Oriente, 34, 81-94
↑  שמואל אחיטוב, הכתב והמכתב, מוסד ביאליק, 2012, עמ' 394–395
↑  טלי אורנן, שמואל אחיטוב, אסתר אשל, זאב משל, הכתובות ופירושן, לה' תימן ולאשרתו, יד יצחק בן־צבי והחברה לחקירת ארץ־ישראל ועתיקותיה, 2015, עמ' 74–123
↑  שמואל אחיטוב, אסופת כתובות עבריות, מוסד ביאליק, 1992, עמ' 115–111
↑  Joseph Naveh, A Fragment of an Ancient Hebrew Inscription from the Ophel, Israel Exploration Journal 32, 1982, עמ' 195–198
↑  שמואל אחיטוב, איתן קליין ואמיר גנור, 'ירושלמה' – תעודת משלוח מהמאה הז' לפסה"נ, חידושים בארכאולוגיה של ירושלים וסביבותיה, כרך י', 2016
↑  Giorgos Bourogiannis, The Phoenician presence in the Aegean during the Early Iron Age: Trade, settlement and cultural interaction, Rivista di Studi Fenici 46, 2018, עמ' 63
↑  Frank Moore Cross, Newly Found Inscriptions in Old Canaanite and Early Phoenician Scripts, Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research, 1980, עמ' 15–17 doi: 10.2307/1356511
↑  Olivier Masson, Recherches sur les Phéniciens dans le monde hellénistique, Bulletin de Correspondance Hellénique 93, 1969, עמ' 679–700 doi: 10.3406/bch.1969.4892
↑  Schmitz, Philip C. “The Name ‘Agrigentum’ in a Punic Inscription (CIS I 5510.10).” Journal of Near Eastern Studies 53, no. 1 (1994): 1–13. http://www.jstor.org/stable/545353
↑  Schloen, J., & Fink, A. (2009). New Excavations at Zincirli Höyük in Turkey (Ancient Samʾal) and the Discovery of an Inscribed Mortuary Stele. Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research, (356), 1–13. Retrieved September 16, 2020
↑  Frank Moore Cross, An Ostracon from Nebī Yūnis, Israel Exploration Journal 14, 1964, עמ' 185–186
↑  https://findit.library.yale.edu/images_layout/fullviewnoocr?parentoid=15763221 סדרת מאמרים בכתב העת Sumer. ראו גם ארמית חטרית (אנ')
↑  Smirnov, 1895
↑  Adam L. Bean (2018). "An inscribed altar from the Khirbat Ataruz Moabite sanctuary". Levant. 50 (2): 211–236. doi:10.1080/00758914.2019.1619971. S2CID 199266038.
↑  Yosef Garfinkel, Mitka R. Golub, Haggai Misgav, and Saar Ganor (2015). "The ʾIšbaʿal Inscription from Khirbet Qeiyafa". Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research. The American Schools of Oriental Research. 373 (373): 217–233. doi:10.5615/bullamerschoorie.373.0217. JSTOR 10.5615/bullamerschoorie.373.0217. S2CID 164971133.{{cite journal}}:  תחזוקה - ציטוט: multiple names: authors list (link)
↑  Aaron Demsky (2012). "An Iron Age IIA Alphabetic Writing Exercise from Khirbet Qeiyafa". Israel Exploration Journal. Israel Exploration Society. 62 (2): 186–199. JSTOR 43855624.
↑  Jacob Kaplan (1958). "The Excavation in Tell Abu Zeitun in 1957". Bulletin of the Israel Exploration Society. החברה לחקירת ארץ-ישראל ועתיקותיה. 22 (1/2): 99. JSTOR 23730357.
1 2  Sefarad journal
↑  Tripolitania, in Dictionnaire des Inscriptions Sémitiques de l'Ouest
1 2  Cyrus H. Gordon, Northwest Semitic Texts in Latin and Greek Letters, Journal of the American Oriental Society 88, 1968, עמ' 285–289 doi: 10.2307/597203
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