הפלודיפלואידיות
הערות שוליים

↑  King, R.C.; Stansfield, W.D.; Mulligan, P.K. (2006). A dictionary of genetics (7th ed.). Oxford University Press. p. 194. ISBN 978-0-19-530761-0.
↑  Grimaldi, D.; Engel M.S. (2005). The evolution of the insects. Cambridge University Press. p. 408. ISBN 978-0-521-82149-0.
1 2  White, Michael J.D. (1984). "Chromosomal mechanisms in animal reproduction". Bolletino di Zoologia. 51 (1–2): 1–23. doi:10.1080/11250008409439455. ISSN 0373-4137.
↑  Grimaldi, D.; Engel M.S. (2005). The evolution of the insects. Cambridge University Press. p. 465. ISBN 978-0-521-82149-0.
↑  Hughes, W.O.H.;  et al. (2008). "Ancestral monogamy shows kin selection is key to the evolution of eusociality". Science. 320 (5880): 1213–1216. doi:10.1126/science.1156108. PMID 18511689.
↑  Edward O. Wilson (2005). "Kin Selection as the Key to Altruism: Its Rise and Fall". Social Research. 72 (1): 159–166. JSTOR 40972006.
↑  van Wilgenburg, Ellen; Driessen, Gerard & Beukeboom, Leo W. Single locus complementary sex determination in Hymenoptera: an "unintelligent" design? Frontiers in Zoology 2006, 3:1
↑  Mahowald, Michael; von Wettberg, Eric
Sex determination in the Hymenoptera Swarthmore College (1999)
↑  Chow, A.; MacKauer, M. (1996). "Sequential allocation of offspring sexes in the hyperparasitoid wasp, Dendrocerus carpenteri". Animal Behaviour. 51 (4): 859–870. doi:10.1006/anbe.1996.0090.
↑  Van Alphen, J. J. M.; Thunnissen, I. (1982). "Host Selection and Sex Allocation by Pachycrepoideus Vindemiae Rondani (Pteromalidae) as a Facultative Hyperparasitoid of Asobara Tabida Nees (Braconidae; Alysiinae) and Leptopilina Heterotoma (Cynipoidea; Eucoilidae)". Netherlands Journal of Zoology. 33 (4): 497–514. doi:10.1163/002829683X00228.
↑  Peer, K.; Taborsky, M. (2004). "Female ambrosia beetles adjust their offspring sex ratio according to outbreeding opportunities for their sons". Journal of Evolutionary Biology. 17 (2): 257–264. doi:10.1111/j.1420-9101.2003.00687.x. PMID 15009259free{{cite journal}}:  תחזוקה - ציטוט: postscript (link)
↑  Woyka, J.; Pszczelnictwa, Zaklad; Drone Larvae from Fertilized Eggs of the Honey Bee Journal of Apiculture Research, (1963), pages 19-24
↑  Weinstock, George M.; Robinson, Gene E., & the Honeybee Genome Sequencing Consortium Insights into social insects from the genome of the honeybee Apis mellifera Nature, volume "'443'" (2006), pages 931-949
↑  Santomauro, Giulia; Oldham, Neil J.; Boland, Wilhelm; Engels Wolf; Cannibalism of Diploid Drone Larvae in the Honey Bee (Apis mellifera) is Released by Odd Pattern of Circular Substance Journal of Apiculture Research, volume "'43'" (2004), pages 69-74
↑  Foster, Kevin R.; Ratnieks, Francis L. W. (2001). "The Effect of Sex-Allocation Biasing on the Evolution of Worker Policing in Hymenopteran Societies" (PDF). The American Naturalist. 158 (6): 615–623. doi:10.1086/323588. PMID 18707355.
↑  Baer, B.; P. Schmid-Hempel (2001). "Unexpected consequences of polyandry for parasitism and fitness in the bumblebee, Bombus terrestris". Evolution. 55 (8): 1639–1643. doi:10.1554/0014-3820(2001)055[1639:ucopfp]2.0.co;2. PMID 11580023.
↑  Davies, Nicholas B., John R. Krebs and Stuart A. West. (2012). An Introduction to Behavioral Ecology. Wiley-Blackwell. pp. 371–375.{{cite book}}:  תחזוקה - ציטוט: multiple names: authors list (link)
1 2  Hamilton, W. D. (1996). Narrow roads of gene land : the collected papers of W.D. Hamilton. Oxford New York: W.H. Freeman/Spektrum. ISBN 978-0-7167-4530-3.
↑  Kevin R. Foster; Tom Wenseleers; Francis L.W. Ratnieks (2006). "Kin selection is the key to altruism". Trends in Ecology & Evolution. 21 (2): 57–60. doi:10.1016/j.tree.2005.11.020. PMID 16701471.
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