תזונה והיריון
הערות שוליים

↑  Barasi, Mary E., Human nutrition : a health perspective, 2nd ed, London: Arnold, 2003
↑  10 facts on nutrition. World Health Organization. August 2017
↑  Riley, Laura, 1960-, Pregnancy : the ultimate week-by-week pregnancy guide, 1st ed, Des Moines, Iowa: Meredith Books, 2006
↑  Ling-Wei Chen, Yi Wu, Nithya Neelakantan, Mary Foong-Fong Chong, Maternal caffeine intake during pregnancy and risk of pregnancy loss: a categorical and dose-response meta-analysis of prospective studies, Public Health Nutrition 19, 2016-05, עמ' 1233–1244 doi: 10.1017/S1368980015002463
1 2  Phoebe Starling, Karen Charlton, Anne T. McMahon, Catherine Lucas, Fish intake during pregnancy and foetal neurodevelopment--a systematic review of the evidence, Nutrients 7, 2015-03-18, עמ' 2001–2014 doi: 10.3390/nu7032001
↑  Batool A. Haider, Ibironke Olofin, Molin Wang, Donna Spiegelman, Anaemia, prenatal iron use, and risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes: systematic review and meta-analysis, BMJ (Clinical research ed.) 346, 2013-06-21, עמ' f3443 doi: 10.1136/bmj.f3443
↑  Drugs during pregnancy and lactation : handbook of prescription drugs and comparative risk assessment : with updated information on recreational drugs, diagnostic procedures, vaccinations, poisoning, workplace and environmental contaminants, and breastfeeding during infectious disease, 1st ed, Amsterdam: Elsevier, 2001
↑  Modern nutrition in health and disease, 10th ed, Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2006
↑  Fariba Aghajafari, Tharsiya Nagulesapillai, Paul E. Ronksley, Suzanne C. Tough, Association between maternal serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D level and pregnancy and neonatal outcomes: systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies, BMJ (Clinical research ed.) 346, 2013-03-26, עמ' f1169 doi: 10.1136/bmj.f1169
↑  Briggs, Gerald G., Drugs in pregnancy and lactation : a reference guide to fetal and neonatal risk, 9th ed, Philadelphia: Wolters Kluwer Health/Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2011
↑  Beth Imhoff-Kunsch, Virginia Briggs, Tamar Goldenberg, Usha Ramakrishnan, Effect of n-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid intake during pregnancy on maternal, infant, and child health outcomes: a systematic review, Paediatric and Perinatal Epidemiology 26 Suppl 1, 2012-07, עמ' 91–107 doi: 10.1111/j.1365-3016.2012.01292.x
↑  Craig L. Jensen, Effects of n-3 fatty acids during pregnancy and lactation, The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 83, 06 2006, עמ' 1452S–1457S doi: 10.1093/ajcn/83.6.1452S
↑  Juan Pablo Peña-Rosas, Luz Maria De-Regil, Maria N. Garcia-Casal, Therese Dowswell, Daily oral iron supplementation during pregnancy, The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 2015-07-22, עמ' CD004736 doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD004736.pub5
↑  [15] (ארכיון)
↑  [16]
↑  "Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs)" (PDF). Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine, National Academies. אורכב מ-המקור (PDF) ב-2018-09-11. נבדק ב-24 באוגוסט 2017. {{cite web}}:  (עזרה)
↑  "Overview on Dietary Reference Values for the EU population as derived by the EFSA Panel on Dietetic Products, Nutrition and Allergies" (PDF). 2017. ארכיון (PDF) מ-אוגוסט 28, 2017.
↑  Emily C. Keats, Batool A. Haider, Emily Tam, Zulfiqar A. Bhutta, Multiple-micronutrient supplementation for women during pregnancy, The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 3, 03 14, 2019, עמ' CD004905 doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD004905.pub6
↑  Erika Ota, Hiroyuki Hori, Rintaro Mori, Ruoyan Tobe-Gai, Antenatal dietary education and supplementation to increase energy and protein intake, The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 2015-06-02, עמ' CD000032 doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD000032.pub3
↑  [21]
1 2  G. Justus Hofmeyr, Theresa A. Lawrie, Álvaro N. Atallah, Maria Regina Torloni, Calcium supplementation during pregnancy for preventing hypertensive disorders and related problems, The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 10, 10 01, 2018, עמ' CD001059 doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD001059.pub5
↑  Pranom Buppasiri, Pisake Lumbiganon, Jadsada Thinkhamrop, Chetta Ngamjarus, Calcium supplementation (other than for preventing or treating hypertension) for improving pregnancy and infant outcomes, The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 2015-02-25, עמ' CD007079 doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD007079.pub3
↑  [25]
↑  European Food Safety Authority, Scientific Opinion on Dietary Reference Values for water, EFSA Journal 8, 2010, עמ' 1459 doi: 10.2903/j.efsa.2010.1459
↑  A. A. Beckhaus, L. Garcia-Marcos, E. Forno, R. M. Pacheco-Gonzalez, Maternal nutrition during pregnancy and risk of asthma, wheeze, and atopic diseases during childhood: a systematic review and meta-analysis, Allergy 70, 2015-12, עמ' 1588–1604 doi: 10.1111/all.12729
↑  Karen P. Best, Michael Gold, Declan Kennedy, James Martin, Omega-3 long-chain PUFA intake during pregnancy and allergic disease outcomes in the offspring: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies and randomized controlled trials, The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 103, 2016-01, עמ' 128–143 doi: 10.3945/ajcn.115.111104
↑  Ji Li, Hong Zhao, Ju-Min Song, Jing Zhang, A meta-analysis of risk of pregnancy loss and caffeine and coffee consumption during pregnancy, International Journal of Gynaecology and Obstetrics: The Official Organ of the International Federation of Gynaecology and Obstetrics 130, 2015-08, עמ' 116–122 doi: 10.1016/j.ijgo.2015.03.033
↑  Jongeun Rhee, Rockli Kim, Yongjoo Kim, Melanie Tam, Maternal Caffeine Consumption during Pregnancy and Risk of Low Birth Weight: A Dose-Response Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies, PloS One 10, 2015, עמ' e0132334 doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0132334
↑  Ling-Wei Chen, Yi Wu, Nithya Neelakantan, Mary Foong-Fong Chong, Maternal caffeine intake during pregnancy is associated with risk of low birth weight: a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis, BMC medicine 12, 2014-09-19, עמ' 174 doi: 10.1186/s12916-014-0174-6
↑  [32]
↑  American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists, ACOG CommitteeOpinion No. 462: Moderate caffeine consumption during pregnancy, Obstetrics and Gynecology 116, 2010-08, עמ' 467–468 doi: 10.1097/AOG.0b013e3181eeb2a1
↑  Giovanna Coriale, Daniela Fiorentino, Francesca Di Lauro, René Marchitelli, Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder (FASD): neurobehavioral profile, indications for diagnosis and treatment, Rivista Di Psichiatria 48, 2013-09, עמ' 359–369 doi: 10.1708/1356.15062
↑  Prescrire International, Pregnancy and alcohol: occasional, light drinking may be safe 21, 2012-02, עמ' 44–50
↑  J. Henderson, R. Gray, P. Brocklehurst, Systematic review of effects of low-moderate prenatal alcohol exposure on pregnancy outcome, BJOG: an international journal of obstetrics and gynaecology 114, 2007-03, עמ' 243–252 doi: 10.1111/j.1471-0528.2006.01163.x
↑  Janet F. Williams, Vincent C. Smith, COMMITTEE ON SUBSTANCE ABUSE, Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders, Pediatrics 136, 2015-11, עמ' e1395–1406 doi: 10.1542/peds.2015-3113
↑  Michelle Patel, Understanding people, EFSA Journal 17, 2019-07 doi: 10.2903/j.efsa.2019.e170716
↑  Adina C. Bosch, Bernadette O'Neill, Gunnar O. Sigge, Sven E. Kerwath, Heavy metals in marine fish meat and consumer health: a review, Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture 96, 2016-01-15, עמ' 32–48 doi: 10.1002/jsfa.7360
↑  [40]
↑  Nicholas J. Wald, Joan K. Morris, Colin Blakemore, Public health failure in the prevention of neural tube defects: time to abandon the tolerable upper intake level of folate, Public Health Reviews 39, 2018, עמ' 2 doi: 10.1186/s40985-018-0079-6
↑  Nils Milman, Keld-Erik Byg, Thomas Bergholt, Lisbeth Eriksen, Body iron and individual iron prophylaxis in pregnancy--should the iron dose be adjusted according to serum ferritin?, Annals of Hematology 85, 2006-09, עמ' 567–573 doi: 10.1007/s00277-006-0141-1
↑  Vani Sethi, Umesh Kapil, Iodine deficiency and development of brain, Indian Journal of Pediatrics 71, 2004-04, עמ' 325–329 doi: 10.1007/bf02724099
הבהרה: המידע בוויקיפדיה נועד להעשרה בלבד ואינו מהווה ייעוץ רפואי.