אוניות המערכה מסדרת קינג ג'ורג' החמישי (1939)
הערות שוליים

↑  Brown 2000, p. 25
1 2 3  Brown 2000, pp. 28–29
↑  Raven & Roberts, p. 275
↑  Burt (2012), p.402
↑  Gray and Killner, JNE, Volume 2, Book 4, January 1949, Sea Water Contamination of Boiler Fuel Oil – Part II
↑  JNE, Recent Improvements in Oil-Burning Equipment, Parts I, II, & III. The high seawater content was caused by a number of factors; the King George V class used fuel oil as part of the Side Protection System in the liquid layers of the SPS. As the fuel was consumed, water was allowed to enter the bottom of the layer to maintain its defensive qualities. The low-viscosity fuel used in the early part of the war resisted mixing with seawater, and what seawater contamination did occur was easily removed. Additionally Britain's oil tanker fleet was relatively intact. After 1942 tanker losses to enemy attacks increased, and the demands for more aviation fuel led to a degradation of bunker fuel used in steam-driven naval vessels. This fuel readily absorbed seawater from older oil tankers that had increased propensity for seawater leakage, and from contact with seawater in the SPS system. It was also very much more difficult to remove the seawater once this poorer-quality fuel was contaminated.
1 2  JNE, Recent Improvements in Oil-Burning Equipment
↑  JNE, Recent Improvements in Oil-Burning Equipment. Possibly post-war.
↑  Raven & Roberts, p. 339
↑  Garzke & Dulin, pp. 236–297
↑  Raven & Roberts, p. 263
↑  Brown 2000, p. 29
1 2 3 4  Raven & Roberts, p. 415
1 2 3  Raven & Roberts, p. 285
1 2  Okun, Nathan. Armor protection of the battleship KM Bismarck.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8  Raven & Roberts, p. 284
1 2 3  Garzke & Dulin, pp. 252–255
↑  Raven & Roberts, p. 154.
1 2  Brown 2000, pp. 29–30
↑  Raven & Roberts, p. 293
↑  Raven & Roberts, pp. 283, 293
↑  Admiralty Naval Staff, UK PRO ADM 239/269 Addendum 2
↑  Garzke & Dulin, pp. 247–249
↑  Breyer, pp. 182–184
↑  Garzke & Dulin, p. 247: "Side armour protection of these ships was better than indicated in mere thickness tabulations, as the excellent quality of British Cemented armour provided the resistance of about 25% greater thickness of US Class "A" armour."
↑  "Bismarck Armour". אורכב מ-המקור ב-17 באוקטובר 2017. נבדק ב-19 בפברואר 2010. Post WWII proving ground test indicated that KC was only slightly less resistant than British cemented armour (CA), and markedly superior to US Class A plates. {{cite web}}:  (עזרה)
↑  "ADM 239/268: C.B.04039, Armour Protection (1939)". אורכב מ-המקור ב-6 ביוני 2019. נבדק ב-5 במרץ 2010. {{cite web}}:  (עזרה)
↑  Raven & Roberts, p. 293 state:"...it was estimated that the belt armour would withstand 15 inch shells at a range of about 13,500 yards (15 inch armour) and 15,600 yards (14 inch armour) at normal inclination...". The Magazines were stated to withstand 15-inch plunging fire up to 33,500 yards.
↑  Garzke & Dulin, p. 251, state: Against the British 15 inch Mark I naval gun, firing a 1,938 lb shell, this protection scheme provided an immunity zone from 17,200 to 32,000 yards over the magazines, 19,500 to 28,000 yards over the machinery.
↑  Burt, p. 395
↑  Burt, p. 389. Side and front data from Burt, rest from Garzke and Dulin.
↑  Garzke & Dulin, p. 252
↑  Testimony of Ted Briggs. For example, Captain Kerr and Admiral Holland commanded the Hood from her unarmoured bridge.
1 2  Garzke & Dulin, p. 247
↑  Raven & Roberts, pp. 294–297
↑  Brown 2000, pp. 30–31
↑  Death of a Battleship, p. 17
↑  Middlebrook & Mahoney, p. 288. The figure of six hits seems to stem from post sinking analysis, probably by the Bucknill Committee and some survivor reports. However Appendix 1, Prince of Wales Compass Platform Narrative (recorded during the action) on pp. 329–30, states four torpedo hits, one on the port side and three on the starboard side. Appendix 4, Post Action Statement by Gunnery Officer of HMS Prince of Wales, pp. 338–39, by Lt Cdr McMullen, also states one torpedo hit on the port side and three on the starboard side.
↑  "Expedition 'Job 74', page 10" (PDF). אורכב מ-המקור (PDF) ב-22 באפריל 2021. נבדק ב-17 במרץ 2010. {{cite web}}:  (עזרה)
↑  Garzke, Dulin & Denlay. "Death of a Battleship" (PDF). p. 35.(הקישור אינו פעיל, December 2017)
↑  Death of a Battleship, Garzke, Dulin & Denlay
↑  Garzke, Dulin & Denlay, pp. 15–20
↑  Garzke, Dulin & Denlay,
↑  Middlebrook, p. 310: "...the Second Bucknill Committee started its sittings...on 16 March 1942."
↑  Raven & Roberts, p. 388
↑  Raven & Roberts, p. 297
↑  Garzke & Dulin, p. 241. This volume, for example, proposed three alternative theories based upon a torpedo hit or hits at frame 206 that defeated the SPS.
↑  ADM267/111 Battle Damage Sustained by H.M.S. Prince of Wales, 24 May 1941:"About 400 tons water in ship mainly abaft after bulkhead"
↑  Garzke & Dulin, p. 190, states that Captain Leach had informed Admiral Wake-Walker "...best speed was 27 knots because of 600 tons of flooding water...", but this is contradicted by the official damage report, ADM 267/111.
↑  Sinking of the 'Bismarck', 27 May 1941: Official Despatches, paragraph 24: "The effects of all this on her gunnery had been witnessed by the Rear-Admiral (Wake-Walker) Commanding, First Cruiser Squadron, and he knew, in addition, that her bridge was seriously damaged, that she had taken in 400 tons of water aft..."
↑  Garzke & Dulin, pp. 252, 234: "*Two plate construction"
↑  Tarrant, p. 31
↑  Nathan Okun. "Underwater Projectile Hits".
↑  Burt, p. 415
↑  Garzke & Dulin, p. 176
↑  Roskill, Naval Policy between the wars, volume II pp. 327–329.
↑  Garzke & Dulin, p. 227
↑  Hansard HC Deb 20 July 1936 vol 315 cc32-3
Hansard HC Deb 20 July 1937 vol 326 cc2001-53
Hansard HC Deb 20 July 1937 vol 326 cc2054-65 London Navy Treaty Bill.
The member from Epping, Mr Churchill, criticised the choice of 14-inch main armament, as the US and Japan were believed to have selected 16-inch guns for their new ships, see also: Garzke & Dulin, p. 227
↑  Garzke & Dulin, pp. 167–170
1 2 3  Garzke & Dulin, p. 175
↑  Naval Weapons index, The KM 38 cm/52 SK C/34 carried a 41.4lb bursting charge, while the USN 16-inch Mk VI 2700 lb AP shell carried a 40.9lb bursting charge
↑  USN Bureau of Ordnance, Naval Ordnance 1937 Edition, paragraph 1318: "The impact damage which a projectile itself does is entirely secondary to that which results from its burst. The design of most naval projectiles is based primarily on using the projectile as a vehicle with which to carry a quantity of explosive into a ship and secondarily to provide missiles with which to carry the force of the explosion."
↑  Tony DiGiulian. "British 14"/45 (35.6 cm) Mark VII". NavWeaps.
↑  Brown 2000, pp. 31, 35. Recent underwater inspection of the wreck of the Bismarck showed that the 14 inch guns performed at least adequately in this action. The conning tower on Bismarck had greater armour protection than its main belt, which had a maximum thickness of 12.6 inches.
↑  Friedman, pp. 270–271
↑  Raven & Roberts, p. 408
1 2  Garzke & Dulin, p. 228
↑  Brown 2000, p. 31
↑  Tarrant, p. 59 Tarrant notes, on page 63 that "Information on Prince of Wales Gunnery is from PRO Adm 234/509"
↑  Asmussen, John. "The Battle of the Denmark Strait". Bismarck and Prinz Eugen also suffered a loss of output. Bismarck had a "total 104 possible shots Actually fired = 93". Prinz Eugen "Total 184 possible shots Actually fired = 157"
1 2  Garzke and Dulin, pp. 189–190.
↑  Tarrant, p. 59
↑  ADM 234/509: H.M.S. Prince of Wales' Gunnery Aspects of the "Bismarck" Pursuit. hmshood.org.uk. This document is a modern transcription of a portion of Admiralty record ADM 234/509
↑  Tarrant, p. 54
↑  ADM 234/509: H.M.S. Prince of Wales' Gunnery Aspects of the "Bismarck" Pursuit.
Problems in Prince of Wales' turrets during her first action against Bismarck, according to her Gunnery Aspects Report: 'A' Turret: No. 1 gun failed after the 1st salvo, from a previously known defect. No. 2 and no. 4 guns suffered from intermittent safety interlock problems. "A" turret suffered from water entering the lower portion of the turret/barbette structure, but there is no indication that this caused any problems other than discomfort for the crew. At salvo 18, when Prince of Wales turned away, 3 of 'A' turret's guns were in operation.
'B' Turret: No problems reported. At salvo 18, when Prince of Wales turned away, both (2) of 'B' turrets guns were in operation.
'Y' Turret No. 2 gun had loading problems and missed salvo 14 onwards. No. 3 gun had problems with safety interlocks causing it to miss salvoes 15 to 20. At salvo 18, 2 of "Y" turrets guns were in operation. 'Y' Turret's shell-transfer ring jammed at salvo 20, due to a shell sliding out of its tray due to the motion of the ship as the ship turned.
↑  Garzke & Dulin, p. 190.
↑  The Bismarck Episode by Russel Grenfell, p. 54
↑  The loss of the Bismarck, by Graham Rhys-Jones, pp. 119–120
↑  German Capital Ships and Raiders in WW2, A naval Staff History, Battle Summary 5, p. 8
↑  Antonio Bonomi & translated by Phil Isaacs (23 בספטמבר 2006), The Battle of the Denmark Strait, May 24th 1941 Part 2 – The Battle, hmshood.org.uk {{citation}}:  (עזרה)
↑  Bennett, Naval Battles of WW2, p. 141
↑  Roskill SW, The War at Sea, Volume 1: The Defensive, 1954 p. 406
↑  Axis Battleships of WW2, Garzke & Dulin, p. 190, states: "As Prince of Wales turned away at 06:13, 'Y' turret jammed, temporarily leaving only two out of ten 14-inch guns operational". This is not supported by Bennett, Roskill and ADM 234–509.
↑  Garzke & Dulin, pp. 213–214: "At 09:27 a shell hit the Bismarck...By that time KGV was having trouble with her main battery and every gun missed at least one salvo..."
↑  Roberts, pp. 264–268
↑  Roberts, pp. 268–269
↑  British 14"/45 (35.6 cm) Mark VII navweaps.com
↑  The Gunnery Pocket Book. 1945. p. 51.
↑  The Gunnery Pocket Book. 1945. p. 51. These guns are combined High Angle and Low Angle Guns. The Mark II Mounting is found in all. The Mark I Mounting is found in King George V-class battleships, where they fulfil the combined functions of H.A. Long Range Armament and Secondary Armament against surface craft. The main differences between the two mountings lie in the arrangements of the shellrooms and magazines, and the supply of ammunition to the guns. In this chapter, only the Mark II Mounting, as found in Dido-class cruisers, is discussed. The 5.25 in. calibre with separate ammunition is used for dual High Angle and Low Angle Armament, since it gives the reasonable maximum weight of shell which can be loaded by the average gun's crew for sustained periods at all angles of elevation. The maximum rate of fire should be 10–12 rounds per minute.
↑  Campbell, John, p. 44
1 2  Williams, Anthony G. "Medium Calibre guns of the Royal Navy in World War II". אורכב מ-המקור ב-24 באפריל 2009. נבדק ב-16 במאי 2009. {{cite web}}:  (עזרה)
↑  Naval Weapons of the World From 1880 to Today – British 5.25"/50 (13.4 cm) QF Mark I
1 2  Garzke & Dulin, p. 191
↑  Garzke & Dulin, p. 195
↑  Garzke & Dulin, pp. 206–207
↑  Campbell, John, p. 45
↑  Unmodified the training speed was 10 degrees per second.
↑  Campbell, John, p. 20
1 2  Campbell, John, p. 71
↑  Garzke & Dulin, p. 229
↑  Campbell, John, p. 33
↑  Raven & Roberts, p. 291
↑  Raven & Roberts, pp. 287–288
↑  Chesneau, p. 7
↑  Garzke & Dulin, pp. 177–179
↑  Garzke & Dulin, p. 209
↑  Garzke & Dulin, p. 177
↑  Garzke & Dulin, p. 179
↑  Garzke & Dulin, p. 190
↑  Garzke & Dulin, p. 180
↑  Raven and Roberts, p. 351
1 2  Garzke & Dulin, p. 214
1 2  Chesneau, p. 12
↑  Chesneau, pp. 12–13
↑  Chesneau, p. 13
↑  HMS King George V – King George V-class 14in gun Battleship
1 2  Garzke & Dulin, p. 216
↑  Konstam, p. 43
↑  Rohwer, pp. 195, 219, 221, 233
↑  Rohwer, p. 226
1 2  Chesneau, p. 15
↑  Cheneau (2004), p. 16
↑  Konstam, p. 44
↑  Garzke & Dulin, p. 224
↑  Garzke & Dulin, p. 218
↑  Operation "Ostfront" – The Battle off the North Cape (25–26 December 1943).
↑  Garzke and Dulin, p. 219
↑  Garzke & Dulin, p. 220
↑  Chesneau, pp. 14–15
↑  Rohwer, p. 314
1 2  Garzke & Dulin, p. 221
1 2  Garzke & Dulin, p. 222
↑  Chesneau, p. 10
↑  Garzke & Dulin, p. 215
↑  Garzke & Dulin, p. 225
↑  Chesneau, p. 215
↑  Garzke & Dulin, p. 223
חגורת השריון האנכית החיצונית נראית בבירור כאן ב-האו
שריון והגנה מתחת למים של המלך ג'ורג' החמישי
תותח ימי בריטי 14 אינץ' בשימוש על סדרת קינג ג'ורג' החמישי. דוגמה זו, שמעולם לא הותקנה, מוצגת כעת ב-Royal Armory Fort Nelson, המפשייר, בריטניה
סוללה משנית 5.25 אינץ' צריח דו תכליתי של קינג ג'ורג' החמישי
פרינס אוף ויילס
דיוק אוף יורק
צוותי התותחים של דיוק אוף יורק מתחת לתותחי ה-14 אינץ' של הספינה בסקפה פלו לאחר טביעת ספינת הקרב הגרמנית שרנהורסט ב-26 בדצמבר 1943.
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