חברה קומוניסטית
הערות שוליים

↑  Steele, David Ramsay (בספטמבר 1999). From Marx to Mises: Post Capitalist Society and the Challenge of Economic Calculation. Open Court. p. 66. ISBN 978-0875484495. Marx distinguishes between two phases of marketless communism: an initial phase, with labor vouchers, and a higher phase, with free access. {{cite book}}:  (עזרה)
↑  Busky, Donald F. (20 ביולי 2000). Democratic Socialism: A Global Survey. Praeger. p. 4. ISBN 978-0275968861. Communism would mean free distribution of goods and services. The communist slogan, 'From each according to his ability, to each according to his needs' (as opposed to 'work') would then rule {{cite book}}:  (עזרה)
↑  O'Hara, Phillip (בספטמבר 2003). Encyclopedia of Political Economy, Volume 2. Routledge. p. 836. ISBN 0-415-24187-1. it influenced Marx to champion the ideas of a 'free association of producers' and of self-management replacing the centralized state. {{cite book}}:  (עזרה)
↑  Engels, Friedrich (2005) [1847]. "What will be the course of this revolution?" Section 18 in Principles of Communism. Translated by Sweezy, Paul. "Finally, when all capital, all production, all exchange have been brought together in the hands of the nation, private property will disappear of its own accord, money will become superfluous, and production will so expand and man so change that society will be able to slough off whatever of its old economic habits may remain." Retrieved 18 August 2021 – Marxists Internet Archive.
↑  Bukharin, Nikolai; Preobrazhensky, Yevgeni (1922) [1920]. "Distribution in the communist system". The ABC of Communism. Translated by Paul, Cedar; Paul, Eden. London, England: Communist Party of Great Britain. pp. 72–73, § 20. Retrieved 18 August 2021 – via Marxists Internet Archive. Also available in e-text.
↑  "communism - Non-Marxian communism | Britannica". www.britannica.com (באנגלית). נבדק ב-2022-05-13.
1 2  Critique of the Gotha Program, Karl Marx.
1 2  "Full Communism: The Ultimate Goal". Economic Theories. אורכב מ-המקור ב-5 ביוני 2009. {{cite web}}:  (עזרה)
↑  Busky, Donald F. (20 ביולי 2000). Democratic Socialism: A Global Survey. Praeger. p. 9. ISBN 978-0275968861. In a modern sense of the word, communism refers to the ideology of Marxism-Leninism. {{cite book}}:  (עזרה)
↑  Wilczynski, J. (2008). The Economics of Socialism after World War Two: 1945-1990. Aldine Transaction. p. 21. ISBN 978-0202362281. Contrary to Western usage, these countries describe themselves as ‘Socialist’ (not ‘Communist’). The second stage (Marx’s ‘higher phase’), or ‘Communism’ is to be marked by an age of plenty, distribution according to needs (not work), the absence of money and the market mechanism, the disappearance of the last vestiges of capitalism and the ultimate ‘whithering away of the state.
↑  Kropotkin, Peter (1920). The Wages System.
↑  Gregory and Stuart, Paul and Robert (2003). Comparing Economic Systems in the Twenty-First. South-Western College Pub. p. 118. ISBN 0-618-26181-8. Communism, the highest stage of social and economic development, would be characterized by the absence of markets and money and by abundance, distribution according to need, and the withering away of the state…Under socialism, each individual would be expected to contribute according to capability, and rewards would be distributed in proportion to that contribution. Subsequently, under communism, the basis of reward would be need.
1 2 3 4 5  Barry Stewart Clark (1998). Political economy: a comparative approach. ABC-CLIO. pp. 57–59. ISBN 978-0-275-96370-5. נבדק ב-7 במרץ 2011. {{cite book}}:  (עזרה)
↑  Wood, John Cunningham (1996). Karl Marx's Economics: Critical Assessments I. Routledge. p. 248. ISBN 978-0415087148. In particular, this economy would possess (1) social ownership and control of industry by the ‘associated producers’ and (2) a sufficiently high level of economic development to enable substantial progress toward ‘full communism’ and thereby some combination of the following: super affluence; distribution of an increasing proportion of commodities as if they were free goods; an increase in the proportion of collective goods...
↑  Peffer, Rodney G. (2014). Marxism, Morality, and Social Justice. Princeton University Press. p. 73. ISBN 9780691608884. Marx believed the reduction of necessary labor time to be, evaluatively speaking, an absolute necessity. He claims that real wealth is the developed productive force of all individuals. It is no longer the labor time but the disposable time that is the measure of wealth.
↑  Jessop and Wheatley, Bob and Russell (1999). Karl Marx's Social and Political Thought, Volume 6. Routledge. p. 9. ISBN 9780415193283. Marx in the Grundrisse speaks of a time when systematic automation will be developed to the point where direct human labor power will be a source of wealth. The preconditions will be created by capitalism itself. It will be an age of true mastery of nature, a post-scarcity age, when men can turn from alienating and dehumanizing labor to the free use of leisure in the pursuit of the sciences and arts.
↑  Marx, Theorien uber der Mehwert III, ed. K. Kautsky (Stuttgart, 1910), pp. 303-4.
↑  Woods, Allen. W. "'Karl Marx on Equality" (PDF). New York University: Department of Philosophy. נבדק ב-3 בפברואר 2016. A society that has transcended class antagonisms, therefore, would not be one in which some truly universal interest at last reigns, to which individual interests must be sacrificed. It would instead be a society in which individuals freely act as the truly human individuals they are. Marx’s radical communism was, in this way, also radically individualistic. {{cite web}}:  (עזרה)
1 2  Craig J. Calhoun (2002). Classical sociological theory. Wiley-Blackwell. p. 23. ISBN 978-0-631-21348-2. נבדק ב-5 במרץ 2011. {{cite book}}:  (עזרה)
↑  Socialism: Utopian and Scientific, on Marxists.org: http://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1880/soc-utop/ch01.htm: "In 1816, he declares that politics is the science of production, and foretells the complete absorption of politics by economics. The knowledge that economic conditions are the basis of political institutions appears here only in embryo. Yet what is here already very plainly expressed is the idea of the future conversion of political rule over men into an administration of things and a direction of processes of production."
↑  "Karl Marx". Karl Marx – Stanford Encyclopaedia of Philosophy. Metaphysics Research Lab, Stanford University. 2021.. First published Tue Aug 26, 2003; substantive revision Mon Jun 14, 2010. Accessed March 4, 2011.
↑  Ray Kurzweil (1 בפברואר 2012). Kurzweil: Technology Will Achieve the Goals of Communism (באנגלית). FORA TV. {{cite AV media}}:  (עזרה)
↑  Lenin, Vladimir (1917). The State and Revolution. p. 106.
↑  Program of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union. With a special pref. to the American ed. by N. S. Khrushchev. New York: International Publishers, 1963. https://archive.org/details/ProgramOfTheCommunistPartyOfTheSovietUnion_150
↑  Program of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union. A New Edition. 1986. https://archive.org/details/ProgramOfTheCommunistPartyOfTheSovietUnion
↑  Sissa, Giulia (2021).  Destrée, Pierre; Opsomer, Jan; Roksam, Geert (eds.). Utopias in Ancient Thought. Berlin, Germany: De Gruyter. pp. 1–40. ISBN 978-3-11-073820-9.
↑  Claeys, Gregory, ed. (2010). The Cambridge Companion to Utopian Literature. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 9781139828420.
↑  Appelbaum, Robert (2013). "Utopia and Utopianism".  In Hadfield, Andrew (ed.). The Oxford Handbook of English Prose 1500-1640. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 9780191655074.
↑  Morris, William (2006). The Earthly Paradise. Obscure Press. ISBN 1-84664-523-9.
↑  Frase, Peter (11 באוקטובר 2016). Four Futures: Life After Capitalism. Verso. ISBN 978-1781688137. we could, indeed, call it a communist society, in the sense that Marx used the term, a world run according to the principle 'from each according to their ability, to each according to their need'. {{cite book}}:  (עזרה)
↑  Banks, Iain M. (1987). Consider Phlebas. Orbit. ISBN 978-0316005388. He could not believe the ordinary people in the Culture really wanted the war, no matter how they had voted. They had their communist Utopia. They were soft and pampered and indulged, and the Contact section's evangelical materialism provided their consciencesalving good works. What more could they want?
↑  Walter, Damien (11 באוקטובר 2012), Dear Ed Miliband … seek your future in post-scarcity SF, Guardian US, אורכב מ-המקור ב-2015-11-17 {{citation}}:  (עזרה)
↑  Parsons, Michael; Banks, Iain M. (16 בנובמבר 2012), Interview: Iain M Banks talks 'The Hydrogen Sonata' with Wired.co.uk, Wired UK, אורכב מ-המקור ב-2015-11-15, It is my vision of what you do when you are in that post-scarcity society, you can completely indulge myself. The Culture has no unemployment problem, no one has to work, so all work is a form of play. {{citation}}:  (עזרה)
↑  Banks, Iain M. "A Few Notes on the Culture". אורכב מ-המקור ב-22 במרץ 2012. נבדק ב-2015-11-23. {{cite web}}:  (עזרה) Link is to an archived copy of the site that Banks linked to on his own website.
↑  Roberts, Jude; Banks, Iain M. (3 בנובמבר 2014), A Few Questions About the Culture: An Interview with Iain Banks, Strange Horizons, אורכב מ-המקור ב-2015-11-24, This is not say that Libertarianism can't represent a progressive force, in the right circumstances, and I don't doubt there will be significant areas where I would agree with Libertarianism. But, really; which bit of not having private property, and the absence of money in the Culture novels, have these people missed? {{citation}}:  (עזרה)
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