זרנוק הכזבים
הערות שוליים

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8  Paul, Christopher; Matthews, Miriam (2016). "Russia's "Firehose of Falsehood" Propaganda Model". doi:10.7249/PE198. JSTOR resrep02439. נבדק ב-21 במרץ 2023. {{cite journal}}:  (עזרה); Cite journal requires |journal= (עזרה)
1 2  Kakutani, Michiko (2018). "The Firehose of Falsehood: Propaganda and Fake News". The Death of Truth: Notes on Falsehood in the Age of Trump. Crown/Archetype. pp. 94–104. ISBN 9780525574842.
↑  Kramer, Franklin D.; Speranza, Lauren D. (1 במאי 2017), Meeting the Russian Hybrid Challenge: A Comprehensive Strategic Framework, Atlantic Council, p. 9, JSTOR resrep03712.5 {{citation}}:  (עזרה)
↑  Kenneth R. Rosen, 'Kill Your Commanding Officer': On the Front Lines of Putin's Digital War With Ukraine, Politico Magazine (15 February 2022).
1 2  Caryl, Christian (5 באפריל 2017). "If you want to see Russian information warfare at its worst, visit these countries". The Washington Post. {{cite news}}:  (עזרה)
↑  Michael Collins, Russia’s ‘firehose of falsehood’ in Ukraine marks latest use of propaganda to try to justify war, USA TODAY (באנגלית אמריקאית)
↑  Russia, without evidence, says Ukraine making nuclear "dirty bomb", רויטרס, ‏6 במרץ 2022
↑  Justin Ling, False Claims of U.S. Biowarfare Labs in Ukraine Grip QAnon, Foreign Policy, ‏2024-05-22 (באנגלית אמריקאית)
↑  The firehose of falsehood effect, and how to extinguish it, ie edu (באנגלית)
1 2  Blythe, Lt. Col. Wilson C. Jr.; Calhoun, Lt. Col. Luke T. (במאי 2019). "How We Win the Competition for Influence". Military Review. {{cite journal}}:  (עזרה)
↑  Broad, William J. (12 במאי 2019). "Your 5G Phone Won't Hurt You. But Russia Wants You to Think Otherwise. RT America, a network known for sowing disinformation, has a new alarm: the coming '5G Apocalypse.'". The New York Times. {{cite news}}:  (עזרה)
↑  "Iran Is Faking the Fake News". Ami Magazine. 22 במאי 2019. {{cite web}}:  (עזרה)
↑  Bauerlein, Monika (בדצמבר 2017). "The Firehose of Falsehood". Nieman Lab. {{cite web}}:  (עזרה)
↑  עשר שנים של טמטום, באתר אלכסון, ‏2022-11-10
↑  Brian Stelter (30 בנובמבר 2020). "'Firehose of falsehood:' How Trump is trying to confuse the public about the election outcome". CNN. {{cite web}}:  (עזרה)
↑  Maza, Carlos (31 באוגוסט 2018). "Why obvious lies make great propaganda". Vox. {{cite web}}:  (עזרה)
↑  Zappone, Chris (12 באוקטובר 2016). "Donald Trump campaign's 'firehose of falsehoods' has parallels with Russian propaganda". The Sydney Morning Herald. {{cite web}}:  (עזרה)
↑  Harford, Tim (6 במאי 2021). "What magic teaches us about misinformation". Financial Times. {{cite web}}:  (עזרה)
↑  Clifton, Denise (3 באוגוסט 2017). "Trump's nonstop lies may be a far darker problem than many realize". Mother Jones. {{cite web}}:  (עזרה)
↑  Firehosing: the systemic strategy that anti-vaxxers are using to spread misinformation by Lucky Tran, The Guardian, 7 November 2019
↑  "China Aims Its Propaganda Firehose at the BBC". Wired. 10 באוגוסט 2021. {{cite news}}:  (עזרה)
↑  Tworek, Heidi (1 בפברואר 2017). "Political Communications in the 'Fake News' Era: Six Lessons for Europe". German Marshall Fund: 8. JSTOR resrep18898. {{cite journal}}:  (עזרה)
↑  Schneier, Bruce (24 באפריל 2019). "Toward an Information Operations Kill Chain". Lawfare. {{cite web}}:  (עזרה)