דמוקרטיה דיונית
הערות שוליים

↑  Maeve Cooke, 2000, "Five Arguments for Deliberative Democracy", Political Studies 48(5): 947-969
1 2 3  Xavier Ruiz Collantes, F. (2023). Democracy against Homo sapiens alpha: Reverse dominance and political equality in human history. Constellations, 00, 1– 19. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-8675.12680
↑  Boehm, C. (1999). Hierarchy in the forest: The evolution of egalitarian behavior. Harvard University Press.
↑  Boehm, C. (2000). Conflict and the evolution of social control. Journal of Consciousness Studies, 7(1–2), 79– 101.
1 2  Amy Gutmann and Denis Thompson, Why Deliberative Democracy? (Princeton University Press: 2004), pp. 9
↑  Simone Chambers, "The Philosophic Origins of Deliberative Ideals" in The Oxford Handbook of Deliberative Democracy, Edited by Andre Bächtiger, John S. Dryzek, Jane Mansbridge, and Mark Warren (Oxford University Press: 2018), pp. 55-63
↑  Joseph M. Bessette, “Deliberative Democracy: The Majority Principle in Republican Government,” in How Democratic Is the Constitution?', edited by. Robert A.  Goldwin and William A. Schambra (American Enterprise Institute: 1980), pp. 102–116
↑  James Bohman, "Survey Article: The Coming of Age of Deliberative Democracy", The Journal of Political Philosophy 6(4): pp. 400
↑  Antonio Floridia, "The Origins of the Deliberative Turn", in The Oxford Handbook of Deliberative Democracy, Edited by Andre Bächtiger, John S. Dryzek, Jane Mansbridge, and Mark Warren (Oxford University Press: 2018), pp. 38-39
1 2  Antonio Floridia, "The Origins of the Deliberative Turn", in The Oxford Handbook of Deliberative Democracy, Edited by Andre Bächtiger, John S. Dryzek, Jane Mansbridge, and Mark Warren (Oxford University Press: 2018), pp. 41-43
↑  Jon Elster, "The Market and the Forum: Three Varieties of Political Theory", in Foundations of Social Choice Theory edited by Jon Elster and Arnaud Hylland (Cambridge University Press: 1986), pp. 103-132
↑  John S. Dryzek, Deliberative Democracy and Beyond: Liberals, Critics, Contestations, (Oxford University Press: 2000), pp. 1-2
↑  Antonio Floridia, "The Origins of the Deliberative Turn", in The Oxford Handbook of Deliberative Democracy, Edited by Andre Bächtiger, John S. Dryzek, Jane Mansbridge, and Mark Warren (Oxford University Press: 2018), pp. 47-50
↑  באנגלית: public reason; בגרמנית: Vernunft in allen Stükken öffentlichen Gebrauch. המונח תורגם כ"שיקול דעת ציבורי" בחוק העמים: בתוספת המאמר 'עיון חוזר ברעיון שיקול הדעת הציבורי, בתרגום שחר פלד, עריכה מדעית: יצחק (יאני) נבו, הוצאת רסלינג: 2010. תורגם גם כ"השימוש הפומבי בתבונה", בתרגום יפתח הלרמן־כרמל ל"מהי נאורות?", הוצאת רסלינג
↑  John Rawls, The Law of the People, with 'The Idea of Public Reason Revisited', (Harvard University Press: 1999), 138-140
↑  Amy Gutmann and Dennis Thompson, Democracy and Disagreement (Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 1996)
↑  Jurgen Habermas, Between Facts and Norms: Contribution to a Discourse Theory of Law and Democracy, translated by William Rehg, (MIT Press: 1996), esp. Chapter 7: "Deliberative Politics: A Procedural Concept of Democracy"
↑  Kevin Olson, "Deliberative Democracy", in Jurgen Habermas: Key Concepts, (Routledge: 2011), pp. 140-155
↑  John S. Dryzek, Deliberative Democracy and Beyond: Liberals, Critics, Contestations, (Oxford University Press: 2000), pp. 21ff
↑  Antonio Floridia, "The Origins of the Deliberative Turn", in The Oxford Handbook of Deliberative Democracy, Edited by Andre Bächtiger, John S. Dryzek, Jane Mansbridge, and Mark Warren (Oxford University Press: 2018), pp. 45-46
↑  James Bohman, 1998, "Survey Article: The Coming of Age of Deliberative Democracy", The Journal of Political Philosophy 6(4): 400-425
↑  Simone Chambers, 2003, "Deliberative Democratic Theory", Annual Review of Political Science 6: 307-326
↑  Simone Chambers, 2003, "Deliberative Democratic Theory", Annual Review of Political Science 6: 318-320
↑  John S. Dryzek with Simon Niemeyer, Foundations and Frontiers of Deliberative Governance (Oxford University Press: 2010), pp. 6-10
↑  James Bohman and William Rehg, "Introduction", in Deliberative Democracy: Essays on Reason and Politics (MIT Press: 1997), pp.ix
↑  לפי רוסו, כאשר העם המיודע די הצורך מטכס עצה ואין כל תקשורת בין האזרחים, הרצון הכללי... יהיה תמיד תוצאת מספר רב של הבדלים קטנים, וההחלטה שתיפול תהיה תמיד טובה. ראו ז'אן-ז'אק רוסו, האמנה החברתית, תרגום: עידו בסוק (רסלינג: 2006), עמ' 73.
↑  Seyla Benhabib, 1994, "Deliberative Rationality and Models of Democratic Legitimacy", Constellations 1(1): pp. 28-30
↑  Bernard Manin, 1987, "On Legitimacy and Political Deliberation", translated by Elly Stein and Jane Mansbridge, Political Theory 15(3): pp. 338-347
↑  James Bohman and William Rehg, "Introduction", in Deliberative Democracy: Essays on Reason and Politics (MIT Press: 1997), pp.x-xii
↑  David Held, Models of Democracy, Third Edition, (Polity Press: 2006), pp. 232-234
↑  Seyla Benhabib, 1994, "Deliberative Rationality and Models of Democratic Legitimacy", Constellations 1(1): pp. 30-31
↑  Francesca Polletta and Beth Gardner, "The Forms of Deliberative Communication", in The Oxford Handbook of Deliberative Democracy (Oxford University Press: 2018), pp. 70
↑  לדוגמה, התאוריה של גוטמן ותומפסון מניחה שבחברת ההמונים המודרנית קיימים אילוצים שלא מאפשרים דמוקרטיה ישירה, ולכן כללי הדיון שהם מציעים מתייחסים לדילמות שהדמוקרטיה הייצוגית מציבה
↑  Andre Bächtiger, John S. Dryzek, Jane Mansbridge, and Mark Warren, "Deliberative Democracy: An Introduction", in The Oxford Handbook of Deliberative Democracy, edited by Andre Bächtiger, John S. Dryzek, Jane Mansbridge, and Mark Warren, (Oxford University Press: 2018), pp. 4
↑  Jurgen Habermas, Moral Consciousness and Communicative Action: Studies in Contemporary German Social Thought (MIT Press: 1990), pp. 88-89
↑  Kevin Olson, "Deliberative Democracy", in Jurgen Habermas: Key Concepts, (Routledge: 2011), pp. 140
↑  Kevin Olson, "Deliberative Democracy", in Jurgen Habermas: Key Concepts, (Routledge: 2011), pp. 140-143
↑  According to Habermas, "In terms of distinguishing between a true and a false consensus, we call a speech situation ideal if communication is impeded neither by external contingent forces nor, more importantly, by constraints arising from the structure of communication itself. The ideal speech situation excludes systematic distortion of communication. Only then is the sole prevailing force the characteristic unforced force of the better argument..." in Jurgen Habermas, On the Pragmatics of Social Interaction, Lecture V, translated by Barbara Fultner, (MIT Press: 2001), pp. 97-98
↑  David Estlund, "Democracy and the Real Speech Situation", in Deliberative Democracy and Its Discontents, edited by Samantha Besson and Jose Luis Marti, (Ashgate: 2006), pp. 75
↑  Joshua Cohen, "Deliberation and Democratic Legitimacy", in Debates in Contemporary Political Philosophy: An Anthology, edited by Derek Matravers and Jon Pike (Routledge: 2003), pp. 343-344
↑  Joshua Cohen, "Deliberation and Democratic Legitimacy", in Debates in Contemporary Political Philosophy: An Anthology, edited by Derek Matravers and Jon Pike (Routledge: 2003), pp. 347-348
↑  Amy Gutmann and Dennis Thompson, Democracy and Disagreement (Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 1996), pp.37-39
↑  Amy Gutmann and Denis Thompson, Why Deliberative Democracy? (Princeton University Press: 2004), pp. 3-7
↑  Thompson, Why Deliberative Democracy? (Princeton University Press: 2004), pp. 7
↑  Amy Gutmann and Dennis Thompson, Democracy and Disagreement (Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 1996), pp.12
↑  Thompson, Why Deliberative Democracy? (Princeton University Press: 2004), pp. 133
1 2 3  Amy Gutmann and Dennis Thompson, Democracy and Disagreement (Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 1996), pp.52
↑  המקור למושג "הדדיות", כפי שגוטמן ותומפסון משתמשים בו, הוא הפילוסופיה הפוליטית של ג'ון רולס. רולס הזכיר את המושג בספר תאוריה של צדק (A Theory of Justice, 1971, pp. 14, 453, 494ff) ופיתח אותו בספרו "ליברליזם פוליטי" (Political Liberalism, 1993, pp. 47-50). מקור נוסף הוא מאמר של תומאס סקנלון (אנ'). ראו T.M. Scanlon, "Contractualism and Utilitarianism", in Utilitarianism and Beyond, edited by Amrtya Sen and Bernard Williams, (Cambridge University Press: 1982), pp. 103-128. לפי גוטמן ותומפסון, בעוד שהפרשנות שלהם דומה לזו של רולס ושל סקנלון, הם שמים דגש רב יותר על הקשר בין הדדיות לבין דיון ממשי בין אזרחים. ראו   Amy Gutmann and Dennis Thompson, Democracy and Disagreement (Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 1996), pp.373 n.1
↑  Amy Gutmann and Dennis Thompson, Democracy and Disagreement (Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 1996), pp.52-57
↑  Amy Gutmann and Dennis Thompson, Democracy and Disagreement (Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 1996), pp.95-117
↑  Amy Gutmann and Dennis Thompson, Democracy and Disagreement (Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 1996), pp.128ff
↑  David Elstund, “Democracy and the Real Speech Situation,” in Deliberative Democracy and Its Discontents, edited by Samantha Besson and Jose Luis Marti, (Ashgate: 2006), pp. 85
↑  Francesca Polletta and Beth Gardner, "The Forms of Deliberative Communication", in The Oxford Handbook of Deliberative Democracy, edited by Andre Bächtiger, John S. Dryzek, Jane Mansbridge, and Mark Warren (Oxford University Press: 2018), pp. 73ff
↑  James Bohman and William Rehg, "Introduction", in Deliberative Democracy: Essays on Reason and Politics (MIT Press: 1997), pp.xviii-xx
↑  David Estlund and Hélène Landemore, "The Epistemic Value of Democratic Deliberation", in The Oxford Handbook of Deliberative Democracy, edited by Andre Bächtiger, John S. Dryzek, Jane Mansbridge, and Mark Warren (Oxford University Press: 2018), pp. 115-120
↑  ז'אן-ז'אק רוסו, האמנה החברתית, ספר ד' פרק ז'
↑  David Estlund, Democratic Authority: A Philosophical Framewoek, (Princeton University Press: 2008), Ch. VI
↑  יוסי דהאן, תיאוריות של צדק חברתי, (הוצאת האוניברסיטה הפתוחה: 2013), עמ' 193–194
↑  Elizabeth Anderson, 2008, "An Epistemic Defense of Democracy: David Elstund's Democratic Authority", Episteme 5(1): pp. 129-139
↑  David Estlund and Hélène Landemore, "The Epistemic Value of Democratic Deliberation", in The Oxford Handbook of Deliberative Democracy, edited by Andre Bächtiger, John S. Dryzek, Jane Mansbridge, and Mark Warren (Oxford University Press: 2018), pp. 120-122
↑  טענה זו נסמכת על התאורמה ש"גיוון גובר על יכולות" (Diversity Trumps Ability Theorem), שהציעו לו הונג וסקוט פייג'. ראו Lu Hong and Scott E. Page, 2004, "Groups of diverse problem solvers can outperform groups of high-ability problem solvers", PNAS 101(46): 16385-16389
↑  James Fishkin, When the People Speak: Deliberative Democracy and Public Consultation (Oxford University Press: 2009), pp. 120-121
1 2 3  David Estlund and Hélène Landemore, "The Epistemic Value of Democratic Deliberation", in The Oxford Handbook of Deliberative Democracy, edited by Andre Bächtiger, John S. Dryzek, Jane Mansbridge, and Mark Warren (Oxford University Press: 2018), pp. 123
1 2  Jane Mansbridge et al., "A systemic approach to deliberative democracy", in Deliberative Systems: Deliberative Democracy at Large Scale, edited by John Parkinson and Jane Mansbridge, (Cambridge University Press: 2012), pp. 4-5
↑  Jane Mansbridge et al., "A systemic approach to deliberative democracy", in Deliberative Systems: Deliberative Democracy at Large Scale, edited by John Parkinson and Jane Mansbridge, (Cambridge University Press: 2012), pp. 1-5
↑  Jane Mansbridge et al., "A systemic approach to deliberative democracy", in Deliberative Systems: Deliberative Democracy at Large Scale, edited by John Parkinson and Jane Mansbridge, (Cambridge University Press: 2012), pp. 13-22
↑  Graham Smith and Maija Setälä, "Mini-Publics and Deliberative Democracy", in The Oxford Handbook of Deliberative Democracy, edited by Andre Bächtiger, John S. Dryzek, Jane Mansbridge, and Mark Warren (Oxford University Press: 2018), pp. 300
↑  James Fishkin, "Deliberative Polling", in The Oxford Handbook of Deliberative Democracy, edited by Andre Bächtiger, John S. Dryzek, Jane Mansbridge, and Mark Warren, (Oxford University Press: 2018), pp. 315-316
↑  Graham Smith and Maija Setälä, "Mini-Publics and Deliberative Democracy", in The Oxford Handbook of Deliberative Democracy, edited by Andre Bächtiger, John S. Dryzek, Jane Mansbridge, and Mark Warren (Oxford University Press: 2018), pp. 303-305
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יורגן הברמאס
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איימי גוטמן (2009)