Gay panic defense
הערות שוליים

1 2 3  Queers, Bis, and Straight Lies: An Intersectional Examination of LGBTQ Stigma. Routledge. 2020. ISBN 1315280310.
1 2 3  Sex, Sexuality, Law, and (In)justice. Routledge. 2016. pp. 453–456. ISBN 1317528905.
↑  Chuang, HT; Addington, D. (באוקטובר 1988). "Homosexual panic: a review of its concept". The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry. 33 (7): 613–7. doi:10.1177/070674378803300707. PMID 3197016. {{cite journal}}:  (עזרה)
1 2  Jordan Blair Woods; Brad Sears; Christy Mallory (בספטמבר 2016). "Gay and Trans Panic Defense". The Williams Institute - UCLA School of Law. אורכב מ-המקור ב-30 בנובמבר 2019. {{cite web}}:  (עזרה)
↑  Feminist Analyses of Gendered Representations. Peter Lang. 2009. p. 82. ISBN 978-1433102769.
↑  Kathleen J. Fitzgerald, Kandice L. Grossman (2020). Sociology of Sexualities. Sage. ISBN 978-1544370651.{{cite book}}:  תחזוקה - ציטוט: שימוש בפרמטר authors (link)
1 2  Criminal Juries in the 21st Century: Psychological Science and the Law. Oxford University Press. 2018. pp. 71–74. ISBN 0190658134. The gay and trans panic defenses are rooted in antiquated ideas that homosexuality and gender nonconformity are mental illnesses (Lee, 2013).
↑  "LGBTQ+ Panic Defense". The National LGBT Bar Association (באנגלית אמריקאית). נבדק ב-2019-11-01.
↑  Kennedy, Robert C. (2001). "On This Day: December 10, 1881". The New York Times. נבדק ב-18 ביוני 2018. {{cite news}}:  (עזרה)
↑  Kempf, Edward (1920). "The psychopathology of the acute homosexual panic. Acute pernicious dissociation neuroses". Psychopathology. pp. 477–515. doi:10.1037/10580-010.
↑  Suffredini, Kara. "Pride and Prejudice: The Homosexual Panic Defense". Boston College Law School. Boston College.
↑  American Psychiatric Association (1952). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (1 ed.). Washington, D.C.: American Psychiatric Association Mental Hospital Service. p. 121.
↑  "DSM". American Psychiatric Association. American Psychiatric Association.
↑  Glick, Burton (1959). "Homosexual Panic: Clinical and Theoretical Considerations". Nervous and Mental Disease. 129: 20–8. doi:10.1097/00005053-195907000-00003. PMID 13828460.
↑  "Gay and Trans Panic Defense". The LGBT Bar.
↑  "Homosexual Advance Defence: Final Report of the Working Party" (DOC). בספטמבר 1998. נבדק ב-1 ביוני 2019. {{cite web}}:  (עזרה)
↑  Meade, Amanda (23 באוקטובר 1995). "Gay rally puts 'panic defence' on trial". The Australian. {{cite news}}:  (עזרה)
1 2  Blore, Kent (2012). "The Homosexual Advance Defence and the Campaign to Abolish it in Queensland: The Activist's Dilemma and the Politician's Paradox". QUT Law & Justice Journal. 12 (2). doi:10.5204/qutlr.v12i2.489.
↑  Caldwell, Felicity (21 במרץ 2017). "Gay panic laws pass Queensland Parliament, removing partial defence". Brisbane Times. נבדק ב-21 במרץ 2017. {{cite news}}:  (עזרה)
1 2  "The Provoking Operation of Provocation: Stage 1" (PDF). South Australian Law Reform Institute. באפריל 2017. נבדק ב-1 ביוני 2019. {{cite web}}:  (עזרה)
↑  "Overview of Homosexual Advance Defence Laws Across Australia: South Australia Still to Enact Change". Time Base. 5 ביולי 2017. נבדק ב-1 ביוני 2019. {{cite news}}:  (עזרה)
↑  Jones, Ruby (22 במרץ 2017). "South Australia Becomes Last State to Allow Gay Panic Defence for Murder". ABC News. נבדק ב-1 ביוני 2019. {{cite news}}:  (עזרה)
↑  תבנית:Cite AustLII
↑  תבנית:Cite AustLII
↑  "Lindsay v the Queen" (PDF). High Court of Australia. 6 במאי 2015. נבדק ב-1 ביוני 2019. {{cite web}}:  (עזרה)
↑  תבנית:Cite AustLII
↑  תבנית:Cite AustLII
↑  Barber, Laurence (9 באפריל 2019). "South Australia to Finally Scrap 'Gay Panic' Defence By the End of the Year". Star Observer. נבדק ב-1 ביוני 2019. {{cite news}}:  (עזרה)
↑  "SA to dump provocation defence". Mandurah Mail. 9 באפריל 2019. נבדק ב-1 ביוני 2019. {{cite news}}:  (עזרה)
↑  Ring, Trudy (5 ביוני 2019). "Bill in Congress Would Ban Gay, Trans 'Panic' Defenses". The Advocate. נבדק ב-21 בנובמבר 2019. {{cite news}}:  (עזרה)
1 2 3  Crittenton, Anya (5 ביוני 2019). "Democrats are hoping to ban the gay and trans panic defense - again". Gay Star News. נבדק ב-21 בנובמבר 2019. {{cite news}}:  (עזרה)
1 2  "684", CA-AB2501, 2014, An act to amend Section 192 of the Penal Code, relating to manslaughter.
[Approved by Governor September 27, 2014. Filed with Secretary of State September 27, 2014.]
[...]
SECTION 1. Section 192 of the Penal Code is amended to read:
192. Manslaughter is the unlawful killing of a human being without malice. It is of three kinds:
(a) Voluntary—upon a sudden quarrel or heat of passion.
[...]
(f) (1) For purposes of determining sudden quarrel or heat of passion pursuant to subdivision (a), the provocation was not objectively reasonable if it resulted from the discovery of, knowledge about, or potential disclosure of the victim's actual or perceived gender, gender identity, gender expression, or sexual orientation, including under circumstances in which the victim made an unwanted nonforcible romantic or sexual advance towards the defendant, or if the defendant and victim dated or had a romantic or sexual relationship. Nothing in this section shall preclude the jury from considering all relevant facts to determine whether the defendant was in fact provoked for purposes of establishing subjective provocation.
(2) For purposes of this subdivision, "gender" includes a person’s gender identity and gender-related appearance and behavior regardless of whether that appearance or behavior is associated with the person's gender as determined at birth.
1 2  "SB1761: Criminal Code - Sexual Orientation". Illinois General Assembly. 2017. נבדק ב-1 ביוני 2019. {{cite web}}:  (עזרה)
1 2  "An Act relating to criminal procedure -- trials". State of Rhode Island General Assembly. 3 בינואר 2018. נבדק ב-1 ביוני 2019. {{cite web}}:  (עזרה)
1 2  "An Act concerning gay and transgender panic defense". Connecticut General Assembly. נבדק ב-21 בנובמבר 2019. {{cite web}}:  (עזרה)
1 2  "HB711 HD1 SD1: RELATING TO CRIMINAL DEFENSE". 2019. נבדק ב-1 ביוני 2019. {{cite web}}:  (עזרה)
1 2  "An Act Regarding Criminal Procedure with Respect to Allowable Defenses". Maine Legislature. 2019. נבדק ב-21 בנובמבר 2019. {{cite web}}:  (עזרה)
1 2  "Nevada Senate Bill SB97". 80th Nevada State Legislature. 2019. נבדק ב-1 ביוני 2019. {{cite web}}:  (עזרה)
↑  "S07048: Restricts the nature of extreme emotional disturbance as an affirmative defense to a charge of murder in the second degree". New York State Assembly. נבדק ב-22 בנובמבר 2019. {{cite web}}:  (עזרה)
↑  "A05467: Restricts the nature of extreme emotional disturbance as an affirmative defense to a charge of murder in the second degree". New York State Assembly. נבדק ב-22 בנובמבר 2019. {{cite web}}:  (עזרה)
↑  "S00499: Restricts the nature of extreme emotional disturbance as an affirmative defense to a charge of murder in the second degree". New York State Assembly. נבדק ב-22 בנובמבר 2019. {{cite web}}:  (עזרה)
↑  "A05001: Restricts the nature of extreme emotional disturbance as an affirmative defense to a charge of murder in the second degree". New York State Assembly. נבדק ב-22 בנובמבר 2019. {{cite web}}:  (עזרה)
↑  "S00050: Restricts the nature of extreme emotional disturbance as an affirmative defense to a charge of murder in the second degree". New York State Assembly. נבדק ב-22 בנובמבר 2019. {{cite web}}:  (עזרה)
↑  "A02707: Restricts the nature of extreme emotional disturbance as an affirmative defense to a charge of murder in the second degree". New York State Assembly. נבדק ב-22 בנובמבר 2019. {{cite web}}:  (עזרה)
1 2  Hoylman, Brad (2019). "Senate Bill S3293". The New York State Senate. נבדק ב-1 ביוני 2019. {{cite web}}:  (עזרה)
↑  "A4083: An Act concerning homicide committed in the heat of passion and amending N.J.S.2C:11-4". State of New Jersey, 216th Legislature. נבדק ב-21 בנובמבר 2019. {{cite web}}:  (עזרה)
↑  "A429: An Act concerning homicide committed in the heat of passion and amending N.J.S.2C:11-4". State of New Jersey, 217th Legislature. נבדק ב-21 בנובמבר 2019. {{cite web}}:  (עזרה)
↑  "A1796: An Act concerning homicide committed in the heat of passion and amending N.J.S.2C:11-4". State of New Jersey, 218th Legislature. נבדק ב-21 בנובמבר 2019. {{cite web}}:  (עזרה)
↑  "S2609: An Act concerning homicide committed in the heat of passion and amending N.J.S.2C:11-4". State of New Jersey, 218th Legislature. נבדק ב-21 בנובמבר 2019. {{cite web}}:  (עזרה)
↑  "B22-0102 - Secure A Fair and Equitable Trial Act of 2017". Council of the District of Columbia. 7 בפברואר 2017. נבדק ב-21 בנובמבר 2019. {{cite web}}:  (עזרה)
↑  "B23-0409" (PDF). Council of the District of Columbia. נבדק ב-27 בינואר 2021. {{cite web}}:  (עזרה)
↑  "HB 931: Crimes and offenses; disclosure of individual's sexual orientation or gender identity as being serious provocation in the context of voluntary manslaughter; exclude". Georgia General Assembly. נבדק ב-22 בנובמבר 2019. {{cite web}}:  (עזרה)
↑  "HF 3045: Criminal defenses and authorization for use of force limited relating to a victim's sexual orientation or identity". Office of the Revisor of Statutes, Minnesota Legislature. נבדק ב-21 בנובמבר 2019. {{cite web}}:  (עזרה)
↑  "SF 2633: Use of force limited relating to victim sexual orientation or identity criminal defenses and authorization limitation". Office of the Revisor of Statutes, Minnesota Legislature. נבדק ב-21 בנובמבר 2019. {{cite web}}:  (עזרה)
↑  Candelaria, Jacob. "SB 159: Prohibit certain legal defenses". New Mexico Legislature. נבדק ב-21 בנובמבר 2019. {{cite web}}:  (עזרה)
↑  "S.870: An Act relative to protecting LBGTQ victims". The 191st General Court of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts. נבדק ב-21 בנובמבר 2019. {{cite web}}:  (עזרה)
↑  "AB 436: An Act to create 939.44 (3) and 939.48 (5m) of the statutes; relating to: eliminating criminal defense of adequate provocation or self-defense if the claim is based on the victim's gender identity or sexual orientation". Wisconsin State Legislature. נבדק ב-27 בינואר 2021. {{cite web}}:  (עזרה)
↑  "HB 3281: Relating to a limitation on the use of a victim's gender identity or sexual orientation as the basis for a defense in the trial of a criminal offense". Texas Legislature Online. נבדק ב-21 בנובמבר 2019. {{cite web}}:  (עזרה)
↑  "HB 1687: Limiting defenses based on victim identity". Washington State Legislature. נבדק ב-21 בנובמבר 2019. {{cite web}}:  (עזרה)
↑  "House Bill 2333: An Act amending Title 18 (Crimes and Offenses) of the Pennsylvania Consolidated Statutes, in general provisions relating to offenses involving danger to the person, further providing for definitions". Pennsylvania General Assembly :accessdate=27 January 2021.
↑  "Gay Panic Or Transgender Panic Defense | Colorado General Assembly". Colorado General Assembly. נבדק ב-2020-08-01.
↑  "House Bill 693: An Act relating to the defense of justification for certain homicide offenses". The Iowa Legislature :accessdate=27 January 2021.
↑  "House Bill 2132: A Bill to amend the Code of Virginia by adding in Article 1 of Chapter 4 of Title 18.2 a section numbered 18.2-37.1 and by adding in Article 4 of Chapter 4 of Title 18.2 a section numbered 18.2-57.5, relating to homicides and assaults and bodily woundings; certain matters not to constitute defenses". The Virginia House of Delegates :accessdate=27 January 2021.
↑  "House Bill 231: An Act concerning Crimes – Mitigation – Race, Color, National Origin, Sex, Gender Identity, or Sexual Orientation" (PDF). The Maryland State Legislature :accessdate=27 January 2021.
↑  "Legislative Bill 321: A Bill for An Act relating to crimes and offenses; to prohibit a defendant's discovery of a victim's actual or perceived gender or sexual orientation as a defense to criminal offenses; to define terms; and to provide a duty for the Revisor of Statutes" (PDF). The Legislature of Nebraska :accessdate=27 January 2021.
↑  "Senate Bill 718: A bill to be entitled". The Florida State Senate :accessdate=27 January 2021.
↑  תבנית:Cite California statute
↑  "The Gwen Araujo Justice for Victims Act". California Secretary of State. 22 בפברואר 2005. נבדק ב-1 ביוני 2019. תבנית:PadSEC. 3. Section 1127h is added to the Penal Code, to read:
תבנית:Pad1127h. In any criminal trial or proceeding, upon the request of a party, the court shall instruct the jury substantially as follows:
תבנית:Pad"Do not let bias, sympathy, prejudice, or public opinion influence your decision. Bias includes bias against the victim or victims, witnesses, or defendant based upon his or her disability, gender, nationality, race or ethnicity, religion, gender identity, or sexual orientation."

תבנית:PadSEC. 4. The Office of Emergency Services shall, to the extent funding becomes available for that purpose, develop practice materials for district attorneys' offices in the state. The materials, which shall be developed in consultation with knowledgeable community organizations and county officials, shall explain how panic strategies are used to encourage jurors to respond to societal bias against people based on actual or perceived disability, gender, including gender identity, nationality, race or ethnicity, religion, or sexual orientation and provide best practices for preventing bias from affecting the outcome of a trial. {{cite web}}:  (עזרה)
↑  Carter, Terry (12 באוגוסט 2013). "'Gay panic' criminal defense strategies should be curtailed by legislation, ABA House resolves". נבדק ב-1 ביוני 2019. {{cite web}}:  (עזרה)
1 2  "Resolution" (PDF). American Bar Association, House of Delegates. באוגוסט 12–13, 2013. נבדק ב-21 בנובמבר 2019. {{cite web}}:  (עזרה)
↑  Ferguson, David (1 באוקטובר 2014). "New California law eliminates 'gay panic' as a defense for attacks on LGBT people". נבדק ב-1 ביוני 2019. {{cite news}}:  (עזרה)
↑  Riley, John (28 באוגוסט 2017). "Illinois governor signs "gay panic" and trans birth certificate bills into law". Metro Weekly. נבדק ב-1 ביוני 2019. {{cite news}}:  (עזרה)
↑  "Rhode Island House Bill 7066, Regular Session, 2018". LegiScan. נבדק ב-1 ביוני 2019. {{cite web}}:  (עזרה)
↑  "Rhode Island Senate Bill 3014, Regular Session, 2018". LegiScan. נבדק ב-1 ביוני 2019. {{cite web}}:  (עזרה)
↑  Gregg, Katherine (22 במאי 2018). "R.I. House votes to end 'gay or trans panic' defense". Providence Journal. נבדק ב-1 ביוני 2019. {{cite news}}:  (עזרה)
↑  Avery, Dan (25 בינואר 2019). "New York lawmakers have officially banned 'gay and trans panic defense' in murder cases". NBC News. נבדק ב-1 ביוני 2019. {{cite news}}:  (עזרה)
↑  Joseph, Elizabeth; Croft, Jay (30 ביוני 2019). "New York bans gay and trans 'panic' defenses". CNN. נבדק ב-30 ביוני 2019. {{cite news}}:  (עזרה)
↑  "SB2 HD1: RELATING TO CRIMINAL DEFENSE". 2019. נבדק ב-1 ביוני 2019. {{cite web}}:  (עזרה)
↑  Ladao, Mark (26 ביוני 2019). "Gov. Ige signs bill allowing non-binary gender designations on driver's licenses". Honolulu Star-Advertiser. נבדק ב-21 בנובמבר 2019. {{cite news}}:  (עזרה)
↑  Glauert, Rik (17 באפריל 2019). "Nevada moves towards banning 'gay panic' defense". Gay Star News. נבדק ב-1 ביוני 2019. {{cite news}}:  (עזרה)
↑  "Connecticut lawmakers move to ban 'gay panic defense'". Yahoo News. Associated Press. 4 ביוני 2019. נבדק ב-21 בנובמבר 2019. {{cite news}}:  (עזרה)
↑  Altimari, Daniela (4 ביוני 2019). "Bill banning gay panic defense gets final passage in the House". Hartford Courant. נבדק ב-21 בנובמבר 2019. {{cite news}}:  (עזרה)
↑  "Movement Advancement Project | Gay/Trans Panic Defense Bans". www.lgbtmap.org.
↑  "N.J. Bans 'Gay Panic' Murder Defense and Not One Legislator Objects". The Advocate. נבדק ב-21 בינואר 2020. {{cite web}}:  (עזרה)
↑  https://www.usnews.com/news/best-states/washington/articles/2020-03-06/washington-state-bans-gay-panic-defense-of-homicide
↑  "Washington approves Nikki Kuhnhausen Bill to ban 'gay panic' defense of homicide". KATU. Associated Press. 27 בפברואר 2020. {{cite web}}:  (עזרה)
↑  "Washington State Legislature". app.leg.wa.gov.
↑  Burness, Alex (2020-07-13). "Colorado becomes 11th state to ban LGBTQ "panic defense"". The Denver Post (באנגלית אמריקאית). נבדק ב-2020-08-01.
↑  "D.C. Council approves bill banning LGBTQ panic defense". Washington Blade: Gay News, Politics, LGBT Rights (באנגלית אמריקאית). 2020-12-16. נבדק ב-2020-12-20.
↑  Ring, Trudy (5 ביוני 2019). "Bill in Congress Would Ban Gay, Trans 'Panic' Defenses". The Advocate. נבדק ב-21 בנובמבר 2019. {{cite news}}:  (עזרה)
↑  "No 'Portsmouth defence' Father and child let down and others". The Independent. 6 בנובמבר 2003. נבדק ב-1 ביוני 2019. {{cite news}}:  (עזרה)
↑  Toolis, Kevin (25 בנובמבר 1995). "A Queer Verdict; It happens time and again. The killings are vicious, but the killers escape a murder conviction. Why? Because they field the 'homosexual panic' defence: they claim they lost control when their victim made a pass at them. And juries go along with it". The Guardian. p. T14. {{cite news}}:  (עזרה)
↑  Galloway, Bruce (1983). Prejudice and pride: discrimination against gay people in modern Britain. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul. p. 67. ISBN 0-7100-9916-9.
↑  Lalor, Peter (4 בנובמבר 1995). "He was just a poof". The Daily Telegraph Mirror. {{cite news}}:  (עזרה)
↑  Lendon, Brad (8 בספטמבר 2020). "US Marine pardoned by Philippines for killing of transgender woman". CNN. נבדק ב-2020-09-08. {{cite web}}:  (עזרה)תחזוקה - ציטוט: url-status (link)
↑  "Homicide detectives continue inquiry into designer's death". NZ Herald News. 28 ביולי 2003. נבדק ב-1 ביוני 2019. {{cite news}}:  (עזרה)
↑  "McNee's killer appeals against sentence". The Dominion Post. 17 בפברואר 2005. p. 3. Phillip Layton Edwards has appealed against his nine-year prison sentence for the manslaughter of television interior designer David McNee, claiming other young men who killed in similar circumstances received shorter jail terms. In the Court of Appeal at Auckland yesterday, his lawyer Roy Wade pointed to two cases in which young men who killed an older man who made homosexual advances received terms of four and three years ... Mr McNee, 55, the star of television show 'My House, My Castle', died in the bedroom of his St Mary's Bay home in July 2003 after choking on his own vomit while unconscious. Edwards had hit him 30 to 40 times in the head and face in a beating a pathologist described as severe. {{cite news}}:  (עזרה)
↑  Boland, Mary Jane (9 ביולי 2006). "Move to end provocation defence for gay murders". The Sunday Star-Times. p. 8. The McNee case was a classic example of the law not protecting gay men," Lambert said. "It's abhorrent to suggest that we should downplay the seriousness of what Edwards did because he was hit on. {{cite news}}:  (עזרה)
↑  "Gay MP calls for change to law". The New Zealand Herald. 10 ביולי 2009. נבדק ב-1 ביוני 2019. {{cite news}}:  (עזרה)
↑  Koubaridis, Andrew (10 ביולי 2009). "Gay community calls for justice over banjo killing". The New Zealand Herald. נבדק ב-1 ביוני 2019. {{cite news}}:  (עזרה)
↑  Hartevelt, John (27 בנובמבר 2009). "Parliament scraps partial defence of provocation". The Press. נבדק ב-1 ביוני 2019. {{cite web}}:  (עזרה)
| טרנסג'נדריוּת  |
| --- | --- | --- |
| זהות מגדרית | א-בינארי/ג'נדרקוויר (אג'נדר • ביג'נדר • טריג'נדר • פאנג'נדר) • אנדרוגיני • טרנסג'נדר (אישה טרנסית, גבר טרנס, נוער טרנסג'נדרי) • טרנסקסואליות • מגדר שלישי (בורנשה • נזילות מגדרית • היג'רה • ח'נית' • Two-spirit) • סיסג'נדר • קתואי • פאפאפין |  |
| היסטוריה | מהומות סטונוול • מהומות קפיטריית קומפטון (ארצות הברית) |  |
| בריאות | דיספוריה מגדרית (בילדים) • היריון טרנסג'נדרי • הסרת שיער • התאמה מגדרית (טיפול הורמונלי להתאמה מגדרית • ניתוח להתאמה מגדרית) • ייעוד מגדרי |  |
| זכויות ומשפט | הצהרת האו"ם בדבר נטייה מינית וזהות מגדרית • טרנספוביה (טרנסמיזוגניה • TERF) • אלימות (אלימות נגד להט"ב • Trans panic) |  |
| חברה ותרבות | אירועים (יום הזיכרון הטרנסג'נדרי • יום הנראות הטרנסג'נדרית הבין-לאומי • מצעד הטרנס • שבוע המודעות הטרנסג'נדרי) • אנשים (א-בינארים) • התאבדויות בני נוער • דת (יהדות) • הדגל הטרנסג'נדרי • חרטה • ייצוג במדיה • ספורט |  |
| גישות ותאוריות | ביטוי מגדרי • בינאריות מגדרית • דדניימינג • זהות מגדרית • טרנסמיזוגניה • טרנס-פמיניזם • נון-קונפורמיות מגדרית • סיסג'נדריות • קרוס-דרסינג |  |
| ראו גם | אינטרסקס • מגדר • לימודי מגדר • להט"ב • מין (ייעוד מגדרי) • נטייה מינית |  |
לקטגוריה • לפורטל להט"ב 
חוקים נגד Gay panic defense או נגד Trans panic defense בארצות הברית לפי מדינה:
  מדינות בהן קיימת חקיקה נגד Gay panic defense.
  מדינות השוקלות חקיקה.
  מדינות בהן אין כל חקיקה.