פלאו-אינדיאנים
הערות שוליים

↑  Liz Sonneborn (בינואר 2007). Chronology of American Indian History. Infobase Publishing. p. 3. ISBN 978-0-8160-6770-1. {{cite book}}:  (עזרה)
↑  New World Settlers Took 20,000-Year Pit Stop
↑  H. Trawick Ward; R. P. Stephen Davis (1999). Time before history: the archaeology of North Carolina. UNC Press Books. p. 2. ISBN 978-0-8078-4780-0.
↑  Patricia J. Ash; David J. Robinson (2011). The Emergence of Humans: An Exploration of the Evolutionary Timeline. John Wiley & Sons. p. 289. ISBN 978-1-119-96424-7.
↑  Pitblado, B. L. (2011-03-12). "A Tale of Two Migrations: Reconciling Recent Biological and Archaeological Evidence for the Pleistocene Peopling of the Americas". Journal of Archaeological Research. 19 (4): 327–375. doi:10.1007/s10814-011-9049-y.
↑  Phillip M. White (2006). American Indian chronology: chronologies of the American mosaic. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 1. ISBN 978-0-313-33820-5.
1 2  Wells, Spencer; Read, Mark (2002). The Journey of Man - A Genetic Odyssey (Digitised online by Google books). Random House. pp. 138–140. ISBN 0-8129-7146-9.
↑  Fladmark, K. R. (ינו' 1979). "Alternate Migration Corridors for Early Man in North America". American Antiquity. 44 (1): 55–69. doi:10.2307/279189. JSTOR 279189. {{cite journal}}:  (עזרה)
↑  "68 Responses to "Sea will rise 'to levels of last Ice Age'"". Center for Climate Systems Research, Columbia University.
↑  "Introduction". Government of Canada. Parks Canada. 2009. Canada's oldest known home is a cave in Yukon occupied not 12,000 years ago as at U.S. sites, but at least 20,000 years ago
↑  "Journey of mankind". Brad Shaw Foundation.
↑  Bonatto, SL; Salzano, FM (1997). "A single and early migration for the peopling of the Americas supported by mitochondrial DNA sequence data". PNAS. 94 (5): 1866–71. Bibcode:1997PNAS...94.1866B. doi:10.1073/pnas.94.5.1866. PMC 20009. PMID 9050871.
↑  Neves, W. A.; Powell, J. F.; Prous, A.; Ozolins, E. G.; Blum, M. (1999). "Lapa vermelha IV Hominid 1: morphological affinities of the earliest known American". Genetics and Molecular Biology. 22 (4): 461. doi:10.1590/S1415-47571999000400001.
↑  Holen et al. 2017. A 130,000-year-old archaeological site in Southern California, USA. Nature doi:10.1038/nature22065,
↑  Bruce Elliott Johansen; Barry Pritzker (2008). Encyclopedia of American Indian history. ABC-CLIO. pp. 451–. ISBN 978-1-85109-817-0.
↑  Norman Herz; Ervan G. Garrison (1998). Geological methods for archaeology. Oxford University Press. p. 125. ISBN 978-0-19-509024-6.
1 2 3  Barry Lewis; Robert Jurmain; Lynn Kilgore (10 בדצמבר 2008). Understanding Humans: Introduction to Physical Anthropology and Archaeology. Cengage Learning. pp. 342–348. ISBN 978-0-495-60474-7. {{cite book}}:  (עזרה)
↑  Vance T. Holliday (1997). Paleoindian geoarchaeology of the southern High Plains. University of Texas Press. p. 15. ISBN 978-0-292-73114-1.
↑  Wolfgang H. Berger; Elizabeth Noble Shor (25 באפריל 2009). Ocean: reflections on a century of exploration. University of California Press. p. 397. ISBN 978-0-520-24778-9. {{cite book}}:  (עזרה)
↑  McHugh, Tom; Hobson, Victoria (1979). The Time of the Buffalo. University of Nebraska Press. ISBN 0-8032-8105-6.
↑  deFrance, Susan D.; Keefer, David K.; Richardson, James B.; Alvarez, Adan U. (2010). "Late Paleo-Indian Coastal Foragers: Specialized Extractive". Latin American Antiquity. Society for American Archaeology. 12 (4): 413–426. doi:10.2307/972087. JSTOR 972087.
↑  "National Park Service Southeastern Archaeological Center: The Paleoindian Period".
↑  Cactus Hill Archaeological Site
↑  Meadowcroft Rockshelter
↑  "Monte Verde Archaeological Site - UNESCO World Heritage Centre".
↑  "CNN.com: Man in Americas Earlier Than Thought". 2004-11-18.
↑  "Skull in Underwater Cave May Be Earliest Trace of First Americans - NatGeo News Watch". Blogs.nationalgeographic.com. 2011-02-18.
↑  Does skull prove that the first Americans came from Europe?
↑  Jordan, David K (2009). "Prehistoric Beringia". University of California-San Diego.
↑  David J. Wishart (2004). Encyclopedia of the Great Plains. U of Nebraska Press. p. 589. ISBN 978-0-8032-4787-1.
↑  Rickey Butch Walker (בדצמבר 2008). Warrior Mountains Indian Heritage - Teacher's Edition. Heart of Dixie Publishing. p. 34. ISBN 978-1-934610-27-5. {{cite book}}:  (עזרה)
↑  Dawn Elaine Bastian; Judy K. Mitchell (2004). Handbook of Native American mythology. ABC-CLIO. p. 6. ISBN 978-1-85109-533-9.
1 2 3  Pielou, E.C. (1991). After the Ice Age : The Return of Life to Glaciated North America (Digitised online by Google books). University of Chicago Press. ISBN 0-226-66812-6.
↑  David R. Starbuck (31 במאי 2006). The archeology of New Hampshire: exploring 10,000 years in the Granite State. UPNE. p. 27. ISBN 978-1-58465-562-6. {{cite book}}:  (עזרה)
1 2  Fiedel, Stuart J (1992). Prehistory of the Americas (Digitised online by Google books). Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-42544-5.
↑  Catherine Anne Cavanaugh; Michael Payne; Donald Grant Wetherell (2006). Alberta formed, Alberta transformed. University of Alberta. p. 9. ISBN 978-1-55238-194-6.
↑  Scott C. Zeman (2002). Chronology of the American West: from 23,000 B.C.E. through the twentieth century. ABC-CLIO. p. 9. ISBN 978-1-57607-207-3.
↑  William C. Sturtevant (21 בפברואר 1985). Handbook of North American Indians. Government Printing Office. p. 87. ISBN 978-0-16-004580-6. {{cite book}}:  (עזרה)
↑  Emory Dean Keoke; Kay Marie Porterfield (בינואר 2005). Trade, Transportation, and Warfare. Infobase Publishing. pp. 1–. ISBN 978-0-8160-5395-7. {{cite book}}:  (עזרה)
↑  "A brief history of the horse in America: Horse phylogeny and evolution". Ben Singer. Canadian Geographic. 2005. אורכב מ-המקור ב-2014-08-19. נבדק ב-2016-07-09.
↑  Anderson, David G; Sassaman, Kenneth E. The Paleoindian and Early Archaic Southeast (Digitised online by Google books). University of Alabama Press. ISBN 0-8173-0835-0.
1 2  Mann, Charles C. (2006-10-10). 1491: New Revelations of the Americas before Columbus (Digitised online by Google books). Random House of Canada. ISBN 1-4000-3205-9.
↑  "Folsom Traditions". University of Manitoba, Archaeological Society. 1998.
↑  José R. Oliver, Implications of Taima-taima and the Peopling of Northern South America. bradshawfoundation.com
↑  Silverman, Helaine; Isbell, William (2008). Handbook of South American Archaeology. Springer Science. p. 433. ISBN 978-0-387-75228-0.
↑  Silverman, Helaine; Isbell, William (2008). Handbook of South American Archaeology. Springer Science. p. 35. ISBN 978-0-387-75228-0.
↑  Dillehay, Thomas D. (2008). The Settlement of the Americas. Basic Books. p. 209. ISBN 978-0-7867-2543-4.
↑  "Blame North America Megafauna Extinction On Climate Change, Not Human Ancestors". ScienceDaily. 2001.
↑  Stuart B. Schwartz, Frank Salomon (1999-12-28). The Cambridge History of the Native Peoples of the Americas (Digitised online by Google books). Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-63075-7.
↑  Imbrie, J; K.P.Imbrie (1979). Ice Ages: Solving the Mystery. Short Hills NJ: Enslow Publishers. ISBN 0-226-66811-8.
מפה של נדידת האדם הקדמון בהתבסס על התאוריה שמקור האדם המודרני הוא באפריקה. מספרים מציינים את מועד ההגירה בשנים לפני זמננו
מסטודון (Mammut americanum) נכחד בין לפני 12,000 ללפני 9,000 שנים בשל פעילות האדם או שינוי האקלים או שניהם. ראו אירוע ההכחדה בהולוקן
סוגים שונים של חודי חניתות, מתקופות שונות של פלאו-אינדיאנים בדרום-מזרח ארצות הברית
ראש חנית מתרבות פולסם
משקלות ועדיים לצוואר מפוברטי פוינט