הדבקה בקורונה
הערות שוליים

1 2  "Airborne transmission of respiratory viruses". Science (באנגלית). 373 (6558). באוגוסט 2021. Bibcode:2021Sci...373.....W. doi:10.1126/science.abd9149. PMID 34446582free {{cite journal}}:  (עזרה)תחזוקה - ציטוט: postscript (link)
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1 2  "Fluid Dynamics of Respiratory Infectious Diseases". Annual Review of Biomedical Engineering. 23 (1): 547–577. 13 ביולי 2021. doi:10.1146/annurev-bioeng-111820-025044. PMID 34255991. נבדק ב-7 בספטמבר 2021. {{cite journal}}:  (עזרה)
↑  Stadnytskyi, Valentyn; Bax, Christina E.; Bax, Adriaan; Anfinrud, Philip (2 ביוני 2020). "The airborne lifetime of small speech droplets and their potential importance in SARS-CoV-2 transmission". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 117 (22): 11875–11877. doi:10.1073/pnas.2006874117. PMC 7275719. PMID 32404416. {{cite journal}}:  (עזרה)
1 2 3 4  "Transmission of SARS-CoV-2 by inhalation of respiratory aerosol in the Skagit Valley Chorale superspreading event". Indoor Air. 31 (2): 314–323. במרץ 2021. doi:10.1111/ina.12751. PMC 7537089. PMID 32979298. {{cite journal}}:  (עזרה)
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10  Communicable Diseases Network Australia. "Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): CDNA National Guidelines for Public Health Units" (באנגלית). Communicable Diseases Network Australia/Australian Government Department of Health.
1 2  "Clinical Questions about COVID-19: Questions and Answers". Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 4 במרץ 2021. {{cite web}}:  (עזרה)
1 2 3 4 5  "Scientific Brief: SARS-CoV-2 Transmission" (באנגלית אמריקאית). Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 7 במאי 2021. נבדק ב-8 במאי 2021. {{cite web}}:  (עזרה)
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10  "Coronavirus disease (COVID-19): How is it transmitted?". World Health Organization. 30 באפריל 2021. {{cite web}}:  (עזרה)
1 2 3 4 5 6 7  ‏•‏‏"COVID-19: epidemiology, virology and clinical features". GOV.UK (באנגלית). נבדק ב-18 באוקטובר 2020. {{cite web}}:  (עזרה)

‏•‏‏Communicable Diseases Network Australia. "Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) - CDNA Guidelines for Public Health Units". Version 4.4 (באנגלית). Australian Government Department of Health. נבדק ב-17 במאי 2021. {{cite web}}:  (עזרה)

‏•‏‏Public Health Agency of Canada (3 בנובמבר 2020). "COVID-19: Main modes of transmission". aem. נבדק ב-18 במאי 2021. {{cite web}}:  (עזרה)

‏•‏‏"Transmission of COVID-19". European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (באנגלית). נבדק ב-18 במאי 2021. {{cite web}}:  (עזרה)

‏•‏‏"Transmission of SARS-CoV-2: A Review of Viral, Host, and Environmental Factors". Annals of Internal Medicine. 174 (1): 69–79. בינואר 2021. doi:10.7326/M20-5008. PMC 7505025. PMID 32941052. {{cite journal}}:  (עזרה)
1 2 3  "Covid-19 has redefined airborne transmission". BMJ. 373: n913. באפריל 2021. doi:10.1136/bmj.n913. PMID 33853842free {{cite journal}}:  (עזרה)תחזוקה - ציטוט: postscript (link)
1 2  "A paradigm shift to combat indoor respiratory infection" (PDF). Science. 372 (6543): 689–691. במאי 2021. Bibcode:2021Sci...372..689M. doi:10.1126/science.abg2025. PMID 33986171. {{cite journal}}:  (עזרה)
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9  "Transmission of SARS-CoV-2: A Review of Viral, Host, and Environmental Factors". Annals of Internal Medicine. 174 (1): 69–79. בינואר 2021. doi:10.7326/M20-5008. PMC 7505025. PMID 32941052. {{cite journal}}:  (עזרה)
↑  "Overdispersion of COVID-19". Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health (באנגלית). נבדק ב-11 במאי 2021. {{cite web}}:  (עזרה)
1 2  "Cluster infections play important roles in the rapid evolution of COVID-19 transmission: A systematic review". International Journal of Infectious Diseases. 99: 374–380. באוקטובר 2020. doi:10.1016/j.ijid.2020.07.073. PMC 7405860. PMID 32768702. {{cite journal}}:  (עזרה)
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12  "Transmission of SARS-CoV-2: implications for infection prevention precautions" (PDF). World Health Organization. 9 ביולי 2020. {{cite web}}:  (עזרה)
1 2  "Water, sanitation, hygiene, and waste management for SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19" (PDF). www.who.int. 29 ביולי 2020. נבדק ב-14 באוקטובר 2020. {{cite web}}:  (עזרה)
1 2  "Q & A on COVID-19: Basic facts". European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control. 21 בספטמבר 2021. {{cite web}}:  (עזרה)
↑  Oyungerel Byambasuren, Magnolia Cardona, Katy Bell, Justin Clark, Mary-Louise McLaws, Paul Glasziou (בדצמבר 2020). "Estimating the extent of asymptomatic COVID-19 and its potential for community transmission: Systematic review and meta-analysis". Official Journal of the Association of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Disease Canada. 5 (4): 223–234. doi:10.3138/jammi-2020-0030. {{cite journal}}:  (עזרה)תחזוקה - ציטוט: multiple names: authors list (link)
1 2 3 4  "How COVID-19 Spreads". Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 14 ביולי 2021. {{cite web}}:  (עזרה)
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1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12  "Science Brief: SARS-CoV-2 and Surface (Fomite) Transmission for Indoor Community Environments". Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 5 באפריל 2021. {{cite web}}:  (עזרה)
↑  "Airborne Transmission of SARS-CoV-2: What We Know". Clinical Infectious Diseases: ciab039. בינואר 2021. doi:10.1093/cid/ciab039. PMC 7929061. PMID 33458756. {{cite journal}}:  (עזרה)
↑  "Ten scientific reasons in support of airborne transmission of SARS-CoV-2". Lancet. 397 (10285): 1603–1605. במאי 2021. doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(21)00869-2. PMC 8049599. PMID 33865497. {{cite journal}}:  (עזרה)
↑  "COVID-19: epidemiology, virology and clinical features". UK Health Security Agency. 6 באוקטובר 2021. {{cite web}}:  (עזרה)
↑  "The size and culturability of patient-generated SARS-CoV-2 aerosol". Journal of Exposure Science & Environmental Epidemiology: 1–6. באוגוסט 2021. doi:10.1038/s41370-021-00376-8. PMC 8372686. PMID 34408261. {{cite journal}}:  (עזרה)
1 2 3  "The Fluid Dynamics of Disease Transmission". Annual Review of Fluid Mechanics (באנגלית). 53 (1): 473–508. 5 בינואר 2021. Bibcode:2021AnRFM..5360220B. doi:10.1146/annurev-fluid-060220-113712. ISSN 0066-4189free {{cite journal}}:  (עזרה)תחזוקה - ציטוט: postscript (link)
↑  "Speech can produce jet-like transport relevant to asymptomatic spreading of virus". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 117 (41): 25237–25245. באוקטובר 2020. arXiv:2006.10671. Bibcode:2020PNAS..11725237A. doi:10.1073/pnas.2012156117. PMC 7568291. PMID 32978297. {{cite journal}}:  (עזרה)
↑  "Evolution of spray and aerosol from respiratory releases: theoretical estimates for insight on viral transmission". Proceedings of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences. 477 (2245): 20200584. בינואר 2021. Bibcode:2021RSPSA.47700584D. doi:10.1098/rspa.2020.0584. PMC 7897643. PMID 33633490free {{cite journal}}:  (עזרה)תחזוקה - ציטוט: postscript (link)
↑  "Viable SARS-CoV-2 in the air of a hospital room with COVID-19 patients". International Journal of Infectious Diseases. 100: 476–482. בנובמבר 2020. doi:10.1016/j.ijid.2020.09.025. PMC 7493737. PMID 32949774. {{cite journal}}:  (עזרה)
↑  "Host-to-host airborne transmission as a multiphase flow problem for science-based social distance guidelines". International Journal of Multiphase Flow (באנגלית). 132: 103439. 2020. arXiv:2008.06113. doi:10.1016/j.ijmultiphaseflow.2020.103439. PMC 7471834.
↑  "Mechanisms of Airborne Infection via Evaporating and Sedimenting Droplets Produced by Speaking". The Journal of Physical Chemistry B. 124 (33): 7093–7101. באוגוסט 2020. doi:10.1021/acs.jpcb.0c05229. PMC 7409921. PMID 32668904. {{cite journal}}:  (עזרה)
↑  "Aerosol and Surface Stability of SARS-CoV-2 as Compared with SARS-CoV-1". The New England Journal of Medicine. 382 (16): 1564–1567. באפריל 2020. doi:10.1056/NEJMc2004973. PMC 7121658. PMID 32182409free {{cite journal}}:  (עזרה)תחזוקה - ציטוט: postscript (link)
1 2 3 4  Hunziker, Patrick (2021-10-01). "Minimising exposure to respiratory droplets, 'jet riders' and aerosols in air-conditioned hospital rooms by a 'Shield-and-Sink' strategy". BMJ Open (באנגלית). 11 (10): e047772. doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2020-047772. ISSN 2044-6055. PMC 8520596. PMID 34642190.
1 2  "Probable airborne transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in a poorly ventilated restaurant". Building and Environment. 196: 107788. ביוני 2021. doi:10.1016/j.buildenv.2021.107788. PMC 7954773. PMID 33746341. {{cite journal}}:  (עזרה)
1 2  "Reducing transmission of SARS-CoV-2". Science (באנגלית). 368 (6498): 1422–1424. ביוני 2020. Bibcode:2020Sci...368.1422P. doi:10.1126/science.abc6197. PMID 32461212free {{cite journal}}:  (עזרה)תחזוקה - ציטוט: postscript (link)
↑  Hunziker, Patrick (2021-10-01). "Minimising exposure to respiratory droplets, 'jet riders' and aerosols in air-conditioned hospital rooms by a 'Shield-and-Sink' strategy". BMJ Open (באנגלית). 11 (10): e047772. doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2020-047772. ISSN 2044-6055. PMC 8520596. PMID 34642190.
1 2  "Safer Sex and COVID-19" (PDF). New York City Department of Health. 18 ביוני 2021. {{cite web}}:  (עזרה)
↑  "COVID-19 transmission-up in the air". The Lancet. Respiratory Medicine. 8 (12): 1159. בדצמבר 2020. doi:10.1016/s2213-2600(20)30514-2. PMC 7598535. PMID 33129420. {{cite journal}}:  (עזרה)
↑  Tommaso Celeste Bulfone, Mohsen Malekinejad, George W Rutherford, Nooshin Razani (15 בפברואר 2021). "Outdoor Transmission of SARS-CoV-2 and Other Respiratory Viruses: A Systematic Review". Journal of Infectious Diseases. 223 (4): 550–561. doi:10.1093/infdis/jiaa742. PMC 7798940. PMID 33249484. {{cite journal}}:  (עזרה)תחזוקה - ציטוט: multiple names: authors list (link)
↑  "Participate in Outdoor and Indoor Activities". U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 19 באוגוסט 2021. {{cite web}}:  (עזרה)
↑  "What settings have been linked to SARS-CoV-2 transmission clusters?". Wellcome Open Research. 5: 83. 5 ביוני 2020. doi:10.12688/wellcomeopenres.15889.2. PMC 7327724. PMID 32656368free {{cite journal}}:  (עזרה)תחזוקה - ציטוט: postscript (link)
↑  Varghese Mathai, Asimanshu Das, Jeffrey A. Bailey & Kenneth Breuer (1 בינואר 2021). "Airflows inside passenger cars and implications for airborne disease transmission". Science Advances. 7 (1). doi:10.1126/sciadv.abe0166. PMC 7775778. PMID 33277325. {{cite journal}}:  (עזרה)תחזוקה - ציטוט: multiple names: authors list (link)
↑  "Epidemiologic Evidence for Airborne Transmission of SARS-CoV-2 during Church Singing, Australia, 2020". Emerging Infectious Diseases. 27 (6): 1677–1680. ביוני 2021. doi:10.3201/eid2706.210465. PMC 8153858. PMID 33818372. {{cite journal}}:  (עזרה)
1 2  "Long-distance airborne dispersal of SARS-CoV-2 in COVID-19 wards". Scientific Reports. 10 (1): 19589. בנובמבר 2020. Bibcode:2020NatSR..1019589N. doi:10.1038/s41598-020-76442-2. PMC 7659316. PMID 33177563. {{cite journal}}:  (עזרה)
↑  "High SARS-CoV-2 Attack Rate Following Exposure at a Choir Practice - Skagit County, Washington, March 2020". MMWR. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report. 69 (19): 606–610. במאי 2020. doi:10.15585/mmwr.mm6919e6. PMID 32407303free {{cite journal}}:  (עזרה)תחזוקה - ציטוט: postscript (link)
↑  "Mounting evidence suggests coronavirus is airborne - but health advice has not caught up". Nature. 583 (7817): 510–513. ביולי 2020. Bibcode:2020Natur.583..510L. doi:10.1038/d41586-020-02058-1. PMID 32647382free {{cite journal}}:  (עזרה)תחזוקה - ציטוט: postscript (link)
↑  "Identifying airborne transmission as the dominant route for the spread of COVID-19". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 117 (26): 14857–14863. ביוני 2020. doi:10.1073/pnas.2009637117. PMC 7334447. PMID 32527856. {{cite journal}}:  (עזרה)
↑  "Covid-19: CDC publishes then withdraws information on aerosol transmission". BMJ. 370: m3739. בספטמבר 2020. doi:10.1136/bmj.m3739. PMID 32973037free {{cite journal}}:  (עזרה)תחזוקה - ציטוט: postscript (link)
↑  "COVID-19: Main modes of transmission". Public Health Agency of Canada. 3 בנובמבר 2020. נבדק ב-25 בנובמבר 2020. {{cite web}}:  (עזרה)
↑  "Aerosol generating procedures and risk of transmission of acute respiratory infections to healthcare workers: a systematic review". PLOS ONE. 7 (4): e35797. 2012. Bibcode:2012PLoSO...735797T. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0035797. PMC 3338532. PMID 22563403free{{cite journal}}:  תחזוקה - ציטוט: postscript (link)
1 2  "Aerosol generating procedures: are they of relevance for transmission of SARS-CoV-2?". The Lancet. Respiratory Medicine. 9 (7): 687–689. ביולי 2021. doi:10.1016/S2213-2600(21)00216-2. PMC 8102043. PMID 33965002. {{cite journal}}:  (עזרה)
↑  "The effect of respiratory activity, non-invasive respiratory support and facemasks on aerosol generation and its relevance to COVID-19". Anaesthesia. 76 (11): 1465–1474. בנובמבר 2021. doi:10.1111/anae.15475. PMC 8250912. PMID 33784793free {{cite journal}}:  (עזרה)תחזוקה - ציטוט: postscript (link)
↑  "Spread of SARS-CoV-2 in hospital areas". Environmental Research. 204 (Pt B): 112074. בספטמבר 2021. doi:10.1016/j.envres.2021.112074. PMC 8450143. PMID 34547251. {{cite journal}}:  (עזרה)
↑  "Infection prevention and control and preparedness for COVID-19 in healthcare settings - fifth update" (PDF).
↑  "Respiratory Protection During Outbreaks: Respirators versus Surgical Masks | | Blogs | CDC" (באנגלית אמריקאית). נבדק ב-25 בנובמבר 2020. {{cite web}}:  (עזרה)
↑  CDC (11 בפברואר 2020). "Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)". Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (באנגלית אמריקאית). נבדק ב-29 בנובמבר 2020. {{cite web}}:  (עזרה)
↑  "COVID-19: Cleaning And Disinfecting Your Home". www.cdc.gov. 27 במאי 2020. נבדק ב-7 באוקטובר 2020. {{cite web}}:  (עזרה)
1 2 3 4 5  "COVID-19 and Animals". www.cdc.gov. 6 באוקטובר 2021. {{cite web}}:  (עזרה)
1 2 3 4 5  "COVID-19: If You Have Pets". www.cdc.gov. 29 ביוני 2021. {{cite web}}:  (עזרה)
↑  CDC, Pregnant and Recently Pregnant People, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, ‏2021-12-17 (באנגלית אמריקאית)
1 2 3  חיסון נשים המתכננות היריון, הרות או מניקות בתרכיב חיסון COVID 19 - הבהרה, באתר GOV.IL
1 2 3  קורונה בהריון ובהנקה, באתר מרכז המידע לקורונה של משרד הבריאות
↑  "Breastfeeding and Caring for Newborns if You Have COVID-19". 18 באוגוסט 2021. {{cite web}}:  (עזרה)
1 2  "Breastfeeding and COVID-19". www.who.int. World Health Organization. 23 ביוני 2020. אורכב מ-המקור (PDF) ב-23 ביוני 2020. נבדק ב-18 בספטמבר 2020. {{cite web}}:  (עזרה)
↑  Jill Baird, Shawn Jensen, Walter Urba, Bernard A. Fox, SARS-CoV-2 antibodies detected in human breast milk postvaccination, medRxiv, 2021-03-02
↑  Vivian Valcarce, Lauren Steward Stafford, Josef Neu, Nicole Cacho, Detection of SARS-CoV-2 Specific IgA in the Human Milk of COVID-19 Vaccinated, Lactating Health Care Workers, 2021-04-12
↑  Sicong Peng, Huaping Zhu, Lixia Yang, Li Cao, A study of breastfeeding practices, SARS-CoV-2 and its antibodies in the breast milk of mothers confirmed with COVID-19, The Lancet Regional Health - Western Pacific 4, 2020-11-01, עמ' 100045 doi: 10.1016/j.lanwpc.2020.100045
1 2 3  "Questions and answers on COVID-19: Various" (באנגלית). European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control. 8 בספטמבר 2021. {{cite web}}:  (עזרה)
1 2 3  "Food Safety and Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)". U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 22 ביוני 2020. {{cite web}}:  (עזרה)
1 2 3 4 5 6  "Water and COVID-19 FAQs: Information about Drinking Water, Treated Recreational Water, and Wastewater". U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 23 באפריל 2020. {{cite web}}:  (עזרה)
↑  "Viruses in wastewater: occurrence, abundance and detection methods". The Science of the Total Environment. 745: 140910. בנובמבר 2020. Bibcode:2020ScTEn.745n0910C. doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.140910. PMC 7368910. PMID 32758747free {{cite journal}}:  (עזרה)תחזוקה - ציטוט: postscript (link)
↑  Yan-Jang S. Huang, Dana L. Vanlandingham, Ashley N. Bilyeu, Haelea M. Sharp, Susan M. Hettenbach & Stephen Higgs (17 ביולי 2020). "SARS-CoV-2 failure to infect or replicate in mosquitoes: an extreme challenge". Scientific Reports. {{cite journal}}:  (עזרה)תחזוקה - ציטוט: multiple names: authors list (link)
↑  "Estimating the overdispersion in COVID-19 transmission using outbreak sizes outside China". Wellcome Open Research. 5: 67. 2020. doi:10.12688/wellcomeopenres.15842.3. PMC 7338915. PMID 32685698.
↑  "Review of indoor aerosol generation, transport, and control in the context of COVID-19". International Forum of Allergy & Rhinology. 10 (10): 1173–1179. באוקטובר 2020. doi:10.1002/alr.22661. PMC 7405119. PMID 32652898. {{cite journal}}:  (עזרה)
↑  "Reproductive number of coronavirus: A systematic review and meta-analysis based on global level evidence". PLOS ONE. 15 (11): e0242128. 11 בנובמבר 2020. Bibcode:2020PLoSO..1542128B. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0242128. PMC 7657547. PMID 33175914free {{cite journal}}:  (עזרה)תחזוקה - ציטוט: postscript (link)
↑  Ying Liu & Joacim Rocklöv (באוקטובר 2021). "The reproductive number of the Delta variant of SARS-CoV-2 is far higher compared to the ancestral SARS-CoV-2 virus". Journal of Travel Medicine. 28 (7). doi:10.1093/jtm/taab124. PMC 8436367. PMID 34369565. {{cite journal}}:  (עזרה)
1 2 3  "Science Brief: COVID-19 Vaccines and Vaccination". U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 15 בספטמבר 2021. {{cite web}}:  (עזרה)
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בקרת זהויות :  LNB: 000330196 
הבהרה: המידע בוויקיפדיה נועד להעשרה בלבד ואינו מהווה ייעוץ רפואי.
משטחים שלעיתים קרובות נוגעים בהם, כמו ידיות לדלת, עלולים להעביר את COVID-19, אם כי זו לא נחשבת לדרך העיקרית להתפשטות הנגיף.