שנת REM
הערות שוליים

1 2 3 4  Ritchie E. Brown & Robert W. McCarley (2008), "Neuroanatomical and neurochemical basis of wakefulness and REM sleep systems", in Neurochemistry of Sleep and Wakefulness ed. Monti et al.
↑  Yuan-Yang Lai & Jerome M. Siegel (1999), "Muscle Atonia in REM Sleep", in Rapid Eye Movement Sleep ed. Mallick & Inoué.
↑  "Technologies of sleep research". Cell Mol Life Sci. 64 (10): 1227–1235. 2007. doi:10.1007/s00018-007-6533-0. PMC 2771137. PMID 17364139free{{cite journal}}:  תחזוקה - ציטוט: postscript (link)
1 2  Luca Matarazzo, Ariane Foret, Laura Mascetti, Vincenzo Muto, Anahita Shaffii, & Pierre Maquet, "A systems-level approach to human REM sleep"; in Mallick et al, eds. (2011).
1 2  Steriade & McCarley (1990), "Brainstem Control of Wakefulness and Sleep", §1.2 (pp. 7–23).
↑  Steriade & McCarley (1990), "Brainstem Control of Wakefulness and Sleep", §7.2–3 (pp. 206–208).
↑  Jim Horne (2013), "Why REM sleep? Clues beyond the laboratory in a more challenging world", Biological Psychology 92.
1 2 3 4 5  J. Alan Hobson, Edward F. Pace-Scott, & Robert Stickgold (2000), "Dreaming and the brain: Toward a cognitive neuroscience of conscious states", Behavioral and Brain Sciences 23.
↑  Steriade & McCarley (1990), "Brainstem Control of Wakefulness and Sleep", §9.1–2 (pp. 263–282).
↑  Subimal Datta (1999), "PGO Wave Generation: Mechanism and functional significance", in Rapid Eye Movement Sleep ed. Mallick & Inoué.
↑  Ummehan Ermis, Karsten Krakow, & Ursula Voss (2010), "Arousal thresholds during human tonic and phasic REM sleep", Journal of Sleep Research 19.
↑  Siegel JM (2009). "The Neurobiology of Sleep". Seminars in Neurology. 29 (4): 4. doi:10.1055/s-0029-1237118. PMID 19742406.
↑  Edward F. Pace-Schott, "REM sleep and dreaming", in Mallick et al, eds. (2011).
↑  Nofzinger EA;  et al. (1997). "Forebrain activation in REM sleep: an FDG PET study". Brain Research. 770 (1–2): 192–201. doi:10.1016/s0006-8993(97)00807-x. PMID 9372219.
↑  Larry D. Sanford & Richard J. Ross, "Amygdalar regulation of REM sleep"; in Mallick et al. (2011).
↑  Birendra N. Mallick, Vibha Madan, & Sushil K. Jha (2008), "Rapid eye movement sleep regulation by modulation of the noradrenergic system", in Neurochemistry of Sleep and Wakefulness ed. Monti et al.
1 2  J. Alan Hobson & Robert W. McCarley, "The Brain as a Dream-State Generator: An Activation-Synthesis Hypothesis of the Dream Process", American Journal of Psychiatry 134.12, December 1977.
↑  Steriade & McCarley (1990), Brainstem Control of Wakefulness and Sleep, §12.2 (pp. 369–373).
↑  Steriade & McCarley (1990), Brainstem Control of Wakefulness and Sleep, §10.7.2 (pp. 307–309).
↑  Andrillon, Thomas;  et al. (2015). "Single neuron activity and eye movements during human REM sleep and awake vision". Nature Communications. 6 (1038): 7884. Bibcode:2015NatCo...6.7884A. doi:10.1038/ncomms8884. PMC 4866865. PMID 26262924.
↑  Zhang, Jie (2005). Continual-activation theory of dreaming, Dynamical Psychology.
↑  Zhang, Jie (2016). Towards a comprehensive model of human memory, DOI: 10.13140/RG.2.1.2103.9606.
↑  Parmeggiani (2011), Systemic Homeostasis and Poikilostasis in Sleep, p. 12–15.
↑  Parmeggiani (2011), Systemic Homeostasis and Poikilostasis in Sleep, p. 35–37
↑  Parmeggiani (2011), Systemic Homeostasis and Poikilostasis in Sleep, p. 22–27.
↑  Solms (1997), The Neuropsychology of Dreams, pp. 10, 34.
↑  Edward F. Pace-Schott, "REM sleep and dreaming", in Mallick et al, eds. (2011), p. 8. "A meta-analysis of 29 awakening studies by Nielsen (2000) revealed that about 82% of awakenings from REM result in recall of a dream whereas this frequency following NREM awakenings is lower at 42%."
1 2 3  Ruth Reinsel, John Antrobus, & Miriam Wollman (1992), "Bizarreness in Dreams and Waking Fantasy", in Antrobus & Bertini (eds.), The Neuropsychology of Sleep and Dreaming.
↑  Stephen LaBerge (1992), "Physiological Studies of Lucid Dreaming", in Antrobus & Bertini (eds.), The Neuropsychology of Sleep and Dreaming.
↑  Markov D, Goldman M, Doghramji K (2012). "Normal Sleep and Circadian Rhythms: Neurobiological Mechanisms Underlying Sleep and Wakefulness". Sleep Medicine Clinics. 7: 417–426. doi:10.1016/j.jsmc.2012.06.015.{{cite journal}}:  תחזוקה - ציטוט: multiple names: authors list (link)
↑  Hobson JA (2009). "REM sleep and dreaming: towards a theory of protoconsciousness". Nature Reviews Neuroscience. 10 (11): 803–813. doi:10.1038/nrn2716. PMID 19794431. S2CID 205505278.
↑  Delphine Ouidette et al. (2012), "Dreaming without REM sleep", Consciousness and Cognition 21.
↑  Rasch & Born (2013), "About Sleep's Role in Memory", p. 688.
↑  "Sleep inspires insight". Nature. 427 (6972): 352–5. 2004. Bibcode:2004Natur.427..352W. doi:10.1038/nature02223. PMID 14737168.
↑  "REM, not incubation, improves creativity by priming associative networks". Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 106 (25): 10130–10134. 2009. Bibcode:2009PNAS..10610130C. doi:10.1073/pnas.0900271106. PMC 2700890. PMID 19506253.
↑  "Cognitive flexibility across the sleep-wake cycle: REM-sleep enhancement of anagram problem solving". Brain Research. Cognitive Brain Research. 14 (3): 317–24. בנובמבר 2002. doi:10.1016/S0926-6410(02)00134-9. PMID 12421655. {{cite journal}}:  (עזרה)
↑  Parmeggiani (2011), Systemic Homeostasis and Poikilostasis in Sleep, p. 9–11.
↑  Parmeggiani (2011), Systemic Homeostasis and Poikilostasis in Sleep, p. 17.
↑  Marcos G. Frank, "The ontogeny and function(s) of REM sleep", in Mallick et al, eds. (2011).
| --- | --- |
בקרת זהויות :  GND: 4124052-2 
תיעוד פוליסומנוגרפי של REM Sleep. EEG מודגש על ידי תיבה אדומה. תנועת עיניים מודגשת בקו אדום.
דוגמה להיפנוגרמה (אלקטרואפלוגרמה של שינה) המראה מחזורי שינה המאופיינים בשינה פרדוקסלית (REM) הגוברת.