הומו אנטססור
הערות שוליים

1 2 3 4  de Castro, J.-M. B. (2015). "Homo antecessor: The state of the art eighteen years later". Quaternary International. 433: 22–31. doi:10.1016/j.quaint.2015.03.049. ... a speciation event could have occurred in Africa/Western Eurasia, originating a new Homo clade [...] Homo antecessor [...] could be a side branch of this clade placed at the westernmost region of the Eurasian continent.
1 2 3 4 5 6  Bermudez de Castro, J.M.; Arsuaga, J.L.; Carbonell, E.; Rosas, A.; Martinez, I.; Mosquera, M. (1997). "A hominid from the Lower Pleistocene of Atapuerca, Spain: possible ancestor to Neandertals and modern humans". Science. 276 (5317): 1392–1395. doi:10.1126/science.276.5317.1392. PMID 9162001.
1 2 3 4 5  Campaña, I.; Pérez-González, A.; Benito-Calvo, A.; Rosell, J.; Blasco, R.; de Castro, J. M. B.; Carbonell, E.; Arsuaga, J. L. (2016). "New interpretation of the Gran Dolina-TD6 bearing Homo antecessor deposits through sedimentological analysis". Scientific Reports. 6 (34799): 34799. Bibcode:2016NatSR...634799C. doi:10.1038/srep34799. PMC 5054435. PMID 27713562.
↑  Fernández-Jalvo, Y.; Díez, J. C.; Cáceres, I.; Rosell, J. (1999). "Human cannibalism in the Early Pleistocene of Europe (Gran Dolina, Sierra de Atapuerca, Burgos, Spain)". Journal of Human Evolution. 37 (34): 591–622. doi:10.1006/jhev.1999.0324. PMID 10497001.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7  Carretero, J. M.; Lorenzo, C.; Arsuaga, J. L. (1999). "Axial and appendicular skeleton of Homo antecessor". Journal of Human Evolution. 37 (3–4): 459–499. doi:10.1006/jhev.1999.0342. PMID 10496997.
1 2  Carbonell, E. (2008). "The first hominin of Europe". Nature. 452 (7186): 465–469. Bibcode:2008Natur.452..465C. doi:10.1038/nature06815. PMID 18368116.
↑  de Castro, J. M. B.; Martinón-Torres, M.; Gómez-Robles, A.; Prado-Simón, L.; Martín-Francésa, L.; Lapresa, M.; Olejniczaka, A.; Carbonell, E. (2011). "Early Pleistocene human mandible from Sima del Elefante (TE) cave site in Sierra de Atapuerca (Spain): A comparative morphological study". Journal of Human Evolution. 61 (1): 12–25. doi:10.1016/j.jhevol.2011.03.005. PMID 21531443.
1 2  Ashton, N.; Lewis, S.G.; De Groote, I.; Duffy, S.M.; Bates, M.; Bates, R.; Hoare, P.; Lewis, M.; Parfitt, S. A.; Peglar, S.; Williams, W. (2014). "Hominin footprints from Early Pleistocene deposits at Happisburgh, UK". PLoS One. 9 (2): e88329. Bibcode:2014PLoSO...988329A. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0088329. PMC 3917592. PMID 24516637.
1 2  Stringer, C. (2012). "What makes a modern human". Nature. 485: 33–35. Bibcode:2012Natur.485...33S. doi:10.1038/485033a. PMID 22552077.
↑  Hublin, J.-J. (2001). "Northwestern African Middle Pleistocene hominids and their bearing on the emergence of Homo sapiens".  In Barham, L.; Robson-Brown, K. (eds.). Human Roots: Africa and Asia in the Middle Pleistocene (PDF). Western Academic and Specialist Press. pp. 116–118. ISBN 978-0-9535418-4-3.
↑  de Castro, J.-M. B.; María-Torres, M.; Gómez-Robles, A.; Prado, L.; Sarmiento, S. (2007). "Comparative analysis of the Gran Dolina-TD6 (Spain) and Tighennif (Algeria) hominin mandibles". Bulletins et Mémoires de la Société d'Anthropologie de Paris. 19 (3–4): 149–167. doi:10.4000/bmsap.4623.
↑  Sarmiento, E. E.; Mowbray, K.; Sawyer, G. J.; Milner, R.; Deak, V.; Tattersall, I. (2007). "Homo antecessor". The Last Human: A Guide to Twenty-two Species of Extinct Humans. Yale University Press. pp. 190–191. ISBN 978-0-300-10047-1.
↑  Klein, R. (2009). "Hominin dispersals in the Old World".  In Scarre, C. (ed.). The Human Past (2nd ed.). Thames and Hudson. p. 108. ISBN 978-0-500-29063-7.
1 2  Freidline, S. E.; Gunz, P.; Harvati, K.; Hublin, J.-J. (2013). "Evaluating developmental shape changes in Homo antecessor subadult facial morphology". Journal of Human Evolution. 65 (4): 404–423. doi:10.1016/j.jhevol.2013.07.012. PMID 23998458.
1 2 3 4  de Castro, J. M. B.; Martinón-Torres, M.; Arsuaga, J. L.; Carbonell, E. (2017). "Twentieth anniversary of Homo antecessor (1997–2017): a review". Evolutionary Anthropology. 26 (4): 157–171. doi:10.1002/evan.21540. PMID 28815959.
↑  Welker, Frido; Ramos-Madrigal, Jazmín; Gutenbrunner, Petra; Mackie, Meaghan; Tiwary, Shivani; Rakownikow Jersie-Christensen, Rosa; Chiva, Cristina; Dickinson, Marc R.; Kuhlwilm, Martin; de Manuel, Marc; Gelabert, Pere (2020). "The dental proteome of Homo antecessor". Nature. 580 (7802): 235–238. Bibcode:2020Natur.580..235W. doi:10.1038/s41586-020-2153-8. ISSN 1476-4687. PMC 7582224. PMID 32269345.
1 2  Mosquera, M.; Ollé, A.; Rodríguez-Álvarez, X. P.; Carbonell, E. (2018). "Shedding light on the Early Pleistocene of TD6 (Gran Dolina, Atapuerca, Spain): The technological sequence and occupational inferences". PLoS One. 13 (1): 0190889. Bibcode:2018PLoSO..1390889M. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0190889. PMC 5784927. PMID 29370188.
↑  Blain, H.-L.; Cuenca-Bescós, G.; Burjachs, F.; López-García, J. M.; Lozano-Fernandéz, I.; Rosell, J. (2013). "Early Pleistocene palaeoenvironments at the time of the Homo antecessor settlement in the Gran Dolina cave (Atapuerca, Spain)". Journal of Quaternary Science. 28 (3): 311–319. Bibcode:2013JQS....28..311B. doi:10.1002/jqs.2622.
↑  Falguères, C.; Bahain, J.; Yokoyama, Y.; Arsuaga, J.; Bermudez de Castro, J.; Carbonell, E.; Bischoff, J.; Dolo, J. (1999). "Earliest humans in Europe: the age of TD6 Gran Dolina, Atapuerca, Spain" (PDF). Journal of Human Evolution. 37 (3–4): 343–352. doi:10.1006/jhev.1999.0326. PMID 10496991.
↑  Parés, J.M.; Arnold, L.; Duval, M.; Demuro, M.; Pérez-Gonzáleza, A.; Bermúdez de Castro, J.M.; Carbonell, E.; Arsuagac, J.L. (2013). "Reassessing the age of Atapuerca-TD6 (Spain): new paleomagnetic results" (PDF). Journal of Archaeological Science. 40 (12): 4586–4595. Bibcode:2013JArSc..40.4586P. doi:10.1016/j.jas.2013.06.013.
↑  Duval, Mathieu; Grün, Rainer; Parés, Josep M.; Martín-Francés, Laura; Campaña, Isidoro; Rosell, Jordi; Shao, Qingfeng; Arsuaga, Juan Luis; Carbonell, Eudald; Bermúdez de Castro, José María (2018). "The first direct ESR dating of a hominin tooth from Atapuerca Gran Dolina TD-6 (Spain) supports the antiquity of Homo antecessor". Quaternary Geochronology (באנגלית). 47: 120–137. Bibcode:2018QuGeo..47..120D. doi:10.1016/j.quageo.2018.05.001.
↑  Duval, M.; Arnold, L. J.; Demuro, M.; Parés, J. M.; Campaña, I.; Carbonell, E.; de Castro, J. M. B. (2022). "New chronological constraints for the lowermost stratigraphic unit of Atapuerca Gran Dolina (Burgos, N Spain)". Quaternary Geochronology. 71: 101292. Bibcode:2022QuGeo..7101292D. doi:10.1016/j.quageo.2022.101292.
↑  Toro-Moyano, I.; Martínez-Navarro, B.; Agustí, J.; Souday, C.; Bermúdez; de Castro, J.M.; Martinón-Torres, M.; Fajardo, B.; Duval, M.; Falguères, C.; Oms, O. (2013). "The oldest human fossil in Europe, from Orce (Spain)". Journal of Human Evolution. 65 (1): 1–9. doi:10.1016/j.jhevol.2013.01.012. PMID 23481345.
↑  Moyano, I. T.; Barsky, D. (2011). "The archaic stone tool industry from Barranco León and Fuente Nueva 3, (Orce, Spain): Evidence of the earliest hominin presence in southern Europe". Quaternary International. 243 (1): 80–91. Bibcode:2011QuInt.243...80M. doi:10.1016/j.quaint.2010.12.011.
↑  García-Campos, C.; Martinén-Torres, M.; Modesto-Mata, M.; Martín-Francés, L.; de Pinillos, M. M.; de Castro, J. M. B. (2021). "Indicators of sexual dimorphism in Homo antecessor permanent canines". Journal of Anthropological Sciences. 99 (99): 1–18. doi:10.4436/JASS.99001. PMID 33707343.
↑  Allen, J. S.; Damasio, H.; Grabowski, T. J. (2002). "Normal neuroanatomical variation in the human brain: an MRI-volumetric study". American Journal of Physical Anthropology. 118 (4): 351. doi:10.1002/ajpa.10092. PMID 12124914.
1 2  Pablos, A.; Lorenzo; Martínez, C.; de Castro, J. M. B.; Martinón-Torres, M.; Carbonell, E.; Arsuaga, J. L. (2012). "New foot remains from the Gran Dolina-TD6 Early Pleistocene site (Sierra de Atapuerca, Burgos, Spain)". Journal of Human Evolution. 63 (4): 610–623. doi:10.1016/j.jhevol.2012.06.008. PMID 22921478.
↑  García-Martínez, Daniel; Green, David J.; Bermúdez de Castro, José María (2021). "Evolutionary development of the Homo antecessor scapulae (Gran Dolina site, Atapuerca) suggests a modern-like development for Lower Pleistocene Homo". Scientific Reports. 11 (4102): 4102. Bibcode:2021NatSR..11.4102G. doi:10.1038/s41598-021-83039-w. PMC 7892855. PMID 33602966.
↑  de Castro, J.-M. B.; Martinón-Torres, M.; Prado, L.; Gómez-Robles, A.; Rosell, J.; López-Polín, L.; Arsuaga, J. L.; Carbonell, E. (2010). "New immature hominin fossil from European Lower Pleistocene shows the earliest evidence of a modern human dental development pattern". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 107 (26): 11739–11744. Bibcode:2010PNAS..10711739B. doi:10.1073/pnas.1006772107. PMC 2900696. PMID 20547843.
↑  Martín-Francés, L.; Martinón-Torres, M.; de Pinillos, M. M.; Bayle, P.; Fernández-Colón, P.; García-Campos, C.; Modesto-Mata, M.; Carbonell, E.; Arsuaga, J. L.; de Castro, J. M. B. (2020). "Ectopic maxillary third molar in Early Pleistocene Homo antecessor from Atapuerca-Gran Dolina site (Burgos, Spain)". American Journal of Biological Anthropology. 171 (4): 733–741. doi:10.1002/ajpa.24010. PMID 31943140.
↑  López-Valverde, A.; López-Cristiá, M.; Gómez de Diego, R. (2012). "Europe's oldest jaw: evidence of oral pathology". British Dental Journal. 212 (5): 243–245. doi:10.1038/sj.bdj.2012.176. PMID 22402544.
↑  Martín-Francés, L.; Martinón-Torres, M.; Gracia-Téllez, A.; de Castro, J. M. B. (2016). "Evidence of trauma in a ca. 1-million-year-old patella of Homo antecessor, Gran Dolina-Atapuerca (Spain)" (PDF). Comptes Rendus Palevol. 15 (8): 1011–1016. Bibcode:2016CRPal..15.1011M. doi:10.1016/j.crpv.2016.04.014.
↑  Martin-Francés, L.; Martinon-Torres, M.; Gracia-Téllez, A.; de Castro, J. M. B (2015). "Evidence of stress fracture in a Homo antecessor metatarsal from Gran Dolina site (Atapuerca, Spain)". International Journal of Osteoarchaeology. 25 (4): 564–573. doi:10.1002/oa.2310.
↑  Moncel, M.-H.; Santagata, C.; Pereira, A.; Nomade, S.; Voinchet, P.; Bahain, J.-J.; Daujeard, C.; Curci, A.; Lemorini, C.; Hardy, B.; Eramo, G. (2020). "The origin of early Acheulean expansion in Europe 700 ka ago: new findings at Notarchirico (Italy)". Scientific Reports. 10 (1): 13802. Bibcode:2020NatSR..1013802M. doi:10.1038/s41598-020-68617-8. PMC 7429832. PMID 32796860.
חפירה של גראן דולינה בשנת 2012
הלסת התחתונה שנמצאה בשכבה ATE9-1
אילן יוחסין אנושי על פי כריס סטרינגר, 2012, המציג את אנטססור כנצר של הענף ממנו התפתח האדם המודרני
סטרטיגרפיה של הגראן דולינה עם פירוט על TD6
עקבות האפיסבורג עם מכסה עדשת מצלמה לקנה מידה
שחזור פנים וראש של ילד מזן ההומו אנטססור. מוזיאון הטבע, לונדון
מפה של אתרי גראן דולינה ואתרי מערב אירופה עם כלי אבן דומים או אשליים מלפני 1.4 עד 0.59 מיליון שנים