משטר חצי-נשיאותי
הערות שוליים

1 2  Duverger (1980). "A New Political System Model: Semi-Presidential Government". European Journal of Political Research (quarterly). 8 (2): 165–187. doi:10.1111/j.1475-6765.1980.tb00569.x. The concept of a semi-presidential form of government, as used here, is defined only by the content of the constitution. A political regime is considered as semi-presidential if the constitution which established it, combines three elements: (1) the president of the republic is elected by universal suffrage, (2) he possesses quite considerable powers; (3) he has opposite him, however, a prime minister and ministers who possess executive and governmental power and can stay in office only if the parliament does not show its opposition to them.
1 2  Veser, Ernst (1997). "Semi-Presidentialism-Duverger's concept: A New Political System Model" (PDF). Journal for Humanities and Social Sciences. 11 (1): 39–60. נבדק ב-21 באוגוסט 2017. {{cite journal}}:  (עזרה)
↑  Le Monde, 8 January 1959.
↑  Duverger, Maurice (1978). Échec au roi. Paris: A. Michel. ISBN 9782226005809.
1 2  Elgie, Robert (2 בינואר 2013). "Presidentialism, Parliamentarism and Semi-Presidentialism: Bringing Parties Back In" (PDF). Government and Opposition. 46 (3): 392–409. doi:10.1111/j.1477-7053.2011.01345.x. {{cite journal}}:  (עזרה)
1 2 3 4  Neto, Octávio Amorim; Lobo, Marina Costa (2010). "Between Constitutional Diffusion and Local Politics: Semi-Presidentialism in Portuguese-Speaking Countries" (PDF). APSA 2010 Annual Meeting Paper. SSRN 1644026. נבדק ב-18 באוגוסט 2017. {{cite journal}}:  (עזרה)
↑  Beuman, Lydia M. (2016). Political Institutions in East Timor: Semi-Presidentialism and Democratisation. Abingdon, Oxon: Routledge. ISBN 978-1317362128. LCCN 2015036590. OCLC 983148216. נבדק ב-18 באוגוסט 2017 – via Google Books. {{cite book}}:  (עזרה)
↑  McMenamin, Iain. "Semi-Presidentialism and Democratisation in Poland" (PDF). School of Law and Government, Dublin City University. אורכב מ-המקור (PDF) ב-12 בפברואר 2012. נבדק ב-11 בדצמבר 2017. {{cite journal}}:  (עזרה); Cite journal requires |journal= (עזרה)
↑  "Poland 1997 (rev. 2009)". www.constituteproject.org. נבדק ב-9 באוקטובר 2021. {{cite web}}:  (עזרה)
↑  "Poland - The World Factbook". 22 בספטמבר 2021. נבדק ב-8 באוקטובר 2021. {{cite web}}:  (עזרה)תחזוקה - ציטוט: url-status (link)
1 2  Shugart, Matthew Søberg (בספטמבר 2005). "Semi-Presidential Systems: Dual Executive and Mixed Authority Patterns" (PDF). Graduate School of International Relations and Pacific Studies. United States: University of California, San Diego. אורכב מ-המקור (PDF) ב-19 באוגוסט 2008. נבדק ב-12 באוקטובר 2017. {{cite journal}}:  (עזרה); Cite journal requires |journal= (עזרה)
1 2  Shugart, Matthew Søberg (בדצמבר 2005). "Semi-Presidential Systems: Dual Executive And Mixed Authority Patterns" (PDF). Graduate School of International Relations and Pacific Studies, University of California, San Diego. French Politics. 3 (3): 323–351. doi:10.1057/palgrave.fp.8200087. ISSN 1476-3427. OCLC 6895745903. נבדק ב-12 באוקטובר 2017. {{cite journal}}:  (עזרה)
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