אומברים
הערות שוליים

↑  Prichard, James Cowles (1841). Ethnography of Europe. 3d ed. 1841 (באנגלית). Houlston & Stoneman. Solinus informs us that Bocchus, a writer who has been several times cited by Pliny, reported the Umbri to have been descended from the ancient Gauls; and a similar account of their origin has been adopted, either from the same or from different testimony, by Servius, Isidore, and other writers of a late period.
↑  Cambrian Institute (1862). The Cambrian Journal. Forgotten Books. p. 118. ISBN 1332838049. From Caius Sempronius (De Divis. Ital.,); "The portion of the Apennines from the sources of the Tiber to the Nar, the Umbri inhabit, the oldest stock of the Old Gael, (Veteres Galli), as Augustus writes." [Apenninum colunt Ligures, portionem vero Apennini inhabitant Umbri, prima veterum Gallorum proies, ut Augustus scribit.]
↑  LEMPRIERE (D.D.), John (1833). A Classical Dictionary ... A new edition, revised and considerably enlarged, by the Rev. T. Smith (באנגלית).
↑  Troya C (1839). Storia d'Italia del medio-evo e codice diplomatico Longobardo. p. 253.
↑  Boardman, John (1988). The Cambridge ancient history: Persia, Greece and the Western Mediterranean c. 525–479 BC. p. 716.
↑  Pliny (1961). "Chapter 19". Natural History with an English translation in ten volumes by H. Rackham. Vol. 3. Cambridge: Harvard University Press. pp. paragraphs 112-113.
↑  סטראבון, Geography, book 4, 7 BCE, p. 465, Alexandria
↑  דיוניסיוס מהליקרנסוס. "Book II.49". Roman Antiquities. But Zenodotus of Troezen, a...historian, relates that the Umbrians, a native race, first dwelt in the Reatine territory, as it is called, and that, being driven from there by the Pelasgians, they came into the country which they now inhabit and changing their name with their place of habitation, from Umbrians were called Sabines. But Porcius Cato says that the Sabine race received its name from Sabus, the son of Sancus, a divinity of that country, and that this Sancus was by some called Jupiter Fidius.
↑  Dyer, Thomas Henry (1868). The History of the Kings of Rome (באנגלית). Bell and Daldy. ISBN 978-0-8046-1199-2.
↑  Percivaldi, Elena (2003). I Celti: una civiltà europea. Giunti Editore. p. 82. (באיטלקית)
↑  Leonelli, Valentina. La necropoli delle Acciaierie di Terni: contributi per una edizione critica (Cestres ed.). p. 33. (באיטלקית)
↑  Farinacci, Manlio. Carsulae svelata e Terni sotterranea. Associazione Culturale UMRU - Terni. (באיטלקית)
1 2  Poultney JW (1959). The Bronze Tables of Iguvium. American Philological Association, Number XVIII.
↑  הלוחות האיגוביים, בארכיון האינטרנט
↑  נקרא גם הפסטיבל של סרי Festival of Ceri
↑  VILLA FIDELIA, באתר hispellum.eu (באיטלקית)
↑  קשור למילה הרומית קוואיסטור המצייינת מעמד בהררכייה הרומית
1 2 3  Bradley G (21 בדצמבר 2000). Ancient Umbria. State, culture, and identity in central Italy from the Iron Age to the Augustan era. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 9780191554094. {{cite book}}:  (עזרה)
↑  A 2020 analysis of maternal haplogroups from ancient and modern samples indicated a substantial genetic similarity among the modern inhabitants of Umbria and the area's ancient pre-Roman inhabitants, and evidence of substantial genetic continuity in the region from pre-Roman times to the present with regard to mitochondrial DNA. Both modern and ancient Umbrians were found to have high rates of mtDNA haplogroups U4 and U5a, and an overrepresentation of J (at roughly 30%). The study also found that, "local genetic continuities are further attested to by six terminal branches (H1e1, J1c3, J2b1, U2e2a, U8b1b1 and K1a4a)" also shared by ancient and modern Umbrians.[22]