אבולוציה של יוני מתכת במערכות ביולוגיות
הערות שוליים

↑  Christopher L. Dupont, Andrew Butcher, Ruben E. Valas, Philip E. Bourne, Gustavo Caetano-Anollés, History of biological metal utilization inferred through phylogenomic analysis of protein structures, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 107, 2010-06-08, עמ' 10567–10572 doi: 10.1073/pnas.0912491107
↑  Michael S. Wang, Kenric J. Hoegler, Michael H. Hecht,'"`UNIQ--nowiki-00000000-QINU`"'Unevolved De Novo Proteins Have Innate Tendencies to Bind Transition Metals, Life'"`UNIQ--nowiki-00000000-QINU`"'9, 2019-01-09, עמ' 8'"`UNIQ--nowiki-00000000-QINU`"'doi: '"`UNIQ--nowiki-00000001-QINU`"'
↑  Metalloprotein | chemical compound | Britannica, www.britannica.com (באנגלית)
↑  Kevin J. Zahnle, Roxana Lupu, David C. Catling, Nick Wogan, Creation and Evolution of Impact-generated Reduced Atmospheres of Early Earth, The Planetary Science Journal 1, 2020-05-01, עמ' 11 doi: 10.3847/psj/ab7e2c
↑  Hiroshi Kawabata, Transferrin and transferrin receptors update, Free Radical Biology and Medicine 133, 2019-03, עמ' 46–54 doi: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2018.06.037
↑  Kevin J. Waldron, Nigel J. Robinson,'"`UNIQ--nowiki-0000000D-QINU`"'How do bacterial cells ensure that metalloproteins get the correct metal?, Nature Reviews Microbiology'"`UNIQ--nowiki-0000000D-QINU`"'7, 2009-01, עמ' 25–35'"`UNIQ--nowiki-0000000D-QINU`"'doi: '"`UNIQ--nowiki-0000000E-QINU`"'
↑  Sujoy Mukhopadhyay, Rita Parai, Noble Gases: A Record of Earth's Evolution and Mantle Dynamics, Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences 47, 2019-05-30, עמ' 389–419 doi: 10.1146/annurev-earth-053018-060238
↑  Kevin J. Zahnle, Roxana Lupu, David C. Catling, Nick Wogan, Creation and Evolution of Impact-generated Reduced Atmospheres of Early Earth, The Planetary Science Journal 1, 2020-06-01, עמ' 11 doi: 10.3847/PSJ/ab7e2c
↑  Marc Neveu, Hyo-Joong Kim, Steven A. Benner, The “Strong” RNA World Hypothesis: Fifty Years Old, Astrobiology 13, 2013-04, עמ' 391–403 doi: 10.1089/ast.2012.0868
↑  Ben K. D. Pearce, Ralph E. Pudritz, Dmitry A. Semenov, Thomas K. Henning, Origin of the RNA world: The fate of nucleobases in warm little ponds, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 114, 2017-10-24, עמ' 11327–11332 doi: 10.1073/pnas.1710339114
↑  Origin of Life: Study Reveals How Peptides Formed in the Early Earth, Inverse, ‏2019-07-11
↑  G. E. Fox,'"`UNIQ--nowiki-00000014-QINU`"'Origin and Evolution of the Ribosome, Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Biology'"`UNIQ--nowiki-00000014-QINU`"'2, 2010-09-01, עמ' a003483–a003483'"`UNIQ--nowiki-00000014-QINU`"'doi: '"`UNIQ--nowiki-00000015-QINU`"'
↑  A. Lazcano, Historical Development of Origins Research, Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Biology 2, 2010-11-01, עמ' a002089–a002089 doi: 10.1101/cshperspect.a002089
↑  Something went wrong..., new.huji.ac.il
↑  William Martin, Michael J. Russell, On the origins of cells: a hypothesis for the evolutionary transitions from abiotic geochemistry to chemoautotrophic prokaryotes, and from prokaryotes to nucleated cells, Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences 358, 2003-01-29, עמ' 59–85 doi: 10.1098/rstb.2002.1183
↑  אבני הבניין של החיים, באתר מכון דוידסון לחינוך מדעי, ‏2020-12-02
↑  William Martin, Michael J. Russell, On the origins of cells: a hypothesis for the evolutionary transitions from abiotic geochemistry to chemoautotrophic prokaryotes, and from prokaryotes to nucleated cells, Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences 358, 2003-01-29, עמ' 59–85 doi: 10.1098/rstb.2002.1183
1 2  Yana Bromberg, Ariel A. Aptekmann, Yannick Mahlich, Linda Cook, Stefan Senn, Maximillian Miller, Vikas Nanda, Diego U. Ferreiro, Paul G. Falkowski,'"`UNIQ--nowiki-00000021-QINU`"'Quantifying structural relationships of metal-binding sites suggests origins of biological electron transfer, Science Advances'"`UNIQ--nowiki-00000021-QINU`"'8, 2022-01-14'"`UNIQ--nowiki-00000021-QINU`"'doi: '"`UNIQ--nowiki-00000022-QINU`"'
↑  Encyclopedia of Inorganic and Bioinorganic Chemistry, 2, Wiley, 2012-02, ISBN 978-1-119-95143-8. (באנגלית)
↑  Robert J. P. Williams, Systems biology of evolution: the involvement of metal ions, BioMetals 20, 2007-04-01, עמ' 107–112 doi: 10.1007/s10534-007-9087-6
↑  Peter M. H. Kroneck, The Biogeochemical Cycles of the Elements and the Evolution of Life, CRC Press, 2005, ISBN 978-0-429-16464-4
↑  Office of Dietary Supplements - Magnesium, ods.od.nih.gov (באנגלית)
↑  Elisabeth Gout, Fabrice Rébeillé, Roland Douce, Richard Bligny, Interplay of Mg 2+, ADP, and ATP in the cytosol and mitochondria: Unravelling the role of Mg 2+ in cell respiration, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 111, 2014-10-28 doi: 10.1073/pnas.1406251111
↑  Definition: magnesium from Online Medical Dictionary, web.archive.org, ‏2007-12-25
↑  G. Webb, Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease, 9th edition. M. E. Shils, J. A. Olsen, M. Shike and A. C. Ross (editors). 1999. Baltimore: Williams & Wilkins. $105.00. ISBN 0-683-30769-X, British Journal of Nutrition 82, 1999-10, עמ' 331–332 doi: 10.1017/s0007114599001555
↑  Read "Dietary Reference Intakes for Calcium, Phosphorus, Magnesium, Vitamin D, and Fluoride" at NAP.edu. (באנגלית)
↑  S Wallach, Effects of magnesium on skeletal metabolism, Magnesium and trace elements 9, 1990-01-01, עמ' 1–14
↑  Magnesium and Heart Rate, LIVESTRONG.COM (באנגלית)
↑  Role of Magnesium in Plant Culture | PRO-MIX Greenhouse Growing, www.pthorticulture.com
↑  Blog, OMEX Agriculture Inc., ‏2020-05-21
↑  Santiago Alejandro, Stefanie Höller, Bastian Meier, Edgar Peiter, Manganese in Plants: From Acquisition to Subcellular Allocation, Frontiers in Plant Science 11, 2020 doi: 10.3389/fpls.2020.00300/full#b17
↑  Baishnab Charan Tripathy, Ralf Oelmüller, Reactive oxygen species generation and signaling in plants, Plant Signaling & Behavior 7, 2012-12, עמ' 1621–1633 doi: 10.4161/psb.22455
↑  Manganese Superoxide Dismutase - an overview | ScienceDirect Topics, www.sciencedirect.com
↑  Ankita Nandi, Liang-Jun Yan, Chandan Kumar Jana, Nilanjana Das, Role of Catalase in Oxidative Stress- and Age-Associated Degenerative Diseases, Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity 2019, 2019-11-11, עמ' 1–19 doi: 10.1155/2019/9613090
↑  Geoffrey M. Cooper, The Origin and Evolution of Cells, Sinauer Associates, 2000. (באנגלית)
↑  Munehiro Kitada, Jing Xu, Yoshio Ogura, Itaru Monno, Daisuke Koya, Manganese Superoxide Dismutase Dysfunction and the Pathogenesis of Kidney Disease, Frontiers in Physiology 11, 2020 doi: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00755/full
↑  Mengfan Liu, Xueyang Sun, Boya Chen, Rongchen Dai, Zhichao Xi, Hongxi Xu, Insights into Manganese Superoxide Dismutase and Human Diseases, International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, 2022-01, עמ' 15893 doi: 10.3390/ijms232415893
↑  Gf Gaetani, Am Ferraris, M Rolfo, R Mangerini, S Arena, Hn Kirkman, Predominant role of catalase in the disposal of hydrogen peroxide within human erythrocytes, Blood 87, 1996-02-15, עמ' 1595–1599 doi: 10.1182/blood.V87.4.1595.bloodjournal8741595
↑  Austin D. Read, Rachel ET. Bentley, Stephen L. Archer, Kimberly J. Dunham-Snary, Mitochondrial iron–sulfur clusters: Structure, function, and an emerging role in vascular biology, Redox Biology 47, 2021-11, עמ' 102164 doi: 10.1016/j.redox.2021.102164
↑  Kevin G. Taylor; Kurt O. Konhauser, Iron in Earth Surface Systems: A Major Player in Chemical and Biological Processes, pubs.geoscienceworld.org
↑  Massimo Paoli, Jon Marles-Wright, Ann Smith, Structure–Function Relationships in Heme-Proteins, DNA and Cell Biology 21, 2002-04, עמ' 271–280 doi: 10.1089/104454902753759690
↑  A Uzman, Molecular Cell Biology (4th edition) Harvey Lodish, Arnold Berk, S. Lawrence Zipursky, Paul Matsudaira, David Baltimore and James Darnell; Freeman & Co., New York, NY, 2000, 1084 pp., list price $102.25, ISBN 0-7167-3136-3, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Education 29, 2001, עמ' 126–128 doi: 10.1016/s1470-8175(01)00023-6
↑  Elizabeth C. Theil, FERRITIN: STRUCTURE, GENE REGULATION, AND CELLULAR FUNCTION IN ANIMALS, PLANTS, AND MICROORGANISMS, Annual Review of Biochemistry 56, 1987-06, עמ' 289–315 doi: 10.1146/annurev.bi.56.070187.001445
↑  Juan C Fontecilla-Camps, Nickel and the origin and early evolution of life, academic.oup.com, ‏16 March 2022
↑  S. Frank, A.A. Brindley, E. Deery, P. Heathcote, A.D. Lawrence, H.K. Leech, R.W. Pickersgill, M.J. Warren, Anaerobic synthesis of vitamin B12: characterization of the early steps in the pathway, Biochemical Society Transactions 33, 2005-08-01, עמ' 811–814 doi: 10.1042/bst0330811
↑  Robert J. P. Williams, The symbiosis of metal and protein functions, European Journal of Biochemistry 150, 1985-07, עמ' 231–248 doi: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1985.tb09013.x
1 2  Ei-Ichiro Ochiai,'"`UNIQ--nowiki-0000004E-QINU`"'Copper and the biological evolution, Biosystems'"`UNIQ--nowiki-0000004E-QINU`"'16, 1983-01, עמ' 81–86'"`UNIQ--nowiki-0000004E-QINU`"'doi: '"`UNIQ--nowiki-0000004F-QINU`"'
↑  J. Castresana, M. Lübben, M. Saraste, D.G. Higgins, Evolution of cytochrome oxidase, an enzyme older than atmospheric oxygen., The EMBO Journal 13, 1994-06, עמ' 2516–2525 doi: 10.1002/j.1460-2075.1994.tb06541.x
↑  Enrique Cadenas, Kelvin J.A. Davies, Mitochondrial free radical generation, oxidative stress, and aging11This article is dedicated to the memory of our dear friend, colleague, and mentor Lars Ernster (1920–1998), in gratitude for all he gave to us., Free Radical Biology and Medicine 29, 2000-08, עמ' 222–230 doi: 10.1016/S0891-5849(00)00317-8
1 2  Oliver Einsle, Douglas C. Rees, Structural Enzymology of Nitrogenase Enzymes, Chemical Reviews 120, 2020-06-24, עמ' 4969–5004 doi: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c00067
↑  R. J. P. Wiiliams, Zinc in evolution, Journal of Inorganic Biochemistry, Bert Vallee Memorial 111, 2012-06-01, עמ' 104–109 doi: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2012.01.004
↑  S. S. Krishna, Structural classification of zinc fingers: SURVEY AND SUMMARY, Nucleic Acids Research 31, 2003-01-15, עמ' 532–550 doi: 10.1093/nar/gkg161
↑  R.J.P. Wiiliams, Zinc in evolution, Journal of Inorganic Biochemistry 111, 2012-06, עמ' 104–109 doi: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2012.01.004
↑  Ralf R. Mendel, Cell biology of molybdenum, BioFactors 35, 2009-09, עמ' 429–434 doi: 10.1002/biof.55
↑  Ana-Maria Sevcenco, Martijn W. H. Pinkse, Emile Bol, Gerard C. Krijger, Hubert Th. Wolterbeek, Peter D. E. M. Verhaert, Peter-Leon Hagedoorn, Wilfred R. Hagen, The tungsten metallome of Pyrococcus furiosus, Metallomics 1, 2009, עמ' 395 doi: 10.1039/b908175e
↑  Ronnie Machielsen, Agustinus R. Uria, Servé W. M. Kengen, John van der Oost, Production and Characterization of a Thermostable Alcohol Dehydrogenase That Belongs to the Aldo-Keto Reductase Superfamily, Applied and Environmental Microbiology 72, 2006-01, עמ' 233–238 doi: 10.1128/AEM.72.1.233-238.2006
↑  Swarnalatha Mukund, Michael W.W. Adams, Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate Ferredoxin Oxidoreductase, a Novel Tungsten-containing Enzyme with a Potential Glycolytic Role in the Hyperthermophilic Archaeon Pyrococcus furiosus, Journal of Biological Chemistry 270, 1995-04, עמ' 8389–8392 doi: 10.1074/jbc.270.15.8389
↑  Enrique Martínez-Carranza, Gabriel-Yaxal Ponce-Soto, Luis Servín-González, Luis David Alcaraz, Gloria Soberón-Chávez, Evolution of bacteria seen through their essential genes: the case of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Azotobacter vinelandii, Microbiology 165, 2019, עמ' 976–984 doi: 10.1099/mic.0.000833
↑  Yan Zhang, Jiao Jin, Biyan Huang, Huimin Ying, Jie He, Liang Jiang, Selenium Metabolism and Selenoproteins in Prokaryotes: A Bioinformatics Perspective, Biomolecules 12, 2022-06-29, עמ' 917 doi: 10.3390/biom12070917
↑  Gregory V Kryukov, Vadim N Gladyshev, The prokaryotic selenoproteome, EMBO reports 5, 2004-05, עמ' 538–543 doi: 10.1038/sj.embor.7400126
↑  Isabelle J. Schalk, Olivier Cunrath, An overview of the biological metal uptake pathways in P seudomonas aeruginosa: Pseudomonas and metals, Environmental Microbiology 18, 2016-10, עמ' 3227–3246 doi: 10.1111/1462-2920.13525
↑  Lauren D. Palmer, Eric P. Skaar, Transition Metals and Virulence in Bacteria, Annual Review of Genetics 50, 2016-11-23, עמ' 67–91 doi: 10.1146/annurev-genet-120215-035146
| --- | --- |
ערך טוב: 
מבנה המוגלובין הכולל ברזל (4 נקודות אדומות)
מבנה סכמטי של טבעת הפורפירין
מבנה סכמטי של כלורופיל A (קשירת מגנזיום)
מבנה סכמטי של הקומפלקס הגבישי Mn4O5Ca בכלורופלסטים
מיקום ההתקשרות של יוני הנחושת (Cu) והאבץ (Zn) באנזים סופראוקסיד דיסמוטאזה
תאור ססמטי של קומפלקס IV באנזים ציטוכרום פראוקסיסזה המעביר אלקטרונים בתהליך הנשימה האארובית של התא
ייצוב קיפולי החלבון SP1 על ידי יוני אבץ (Zn)
צילום מיקרוסקופי של החיידק Pyrococcus furiosus המתבסס על יוני טונגסטן.