גלגל מים
הערות שוליים

↑  Dictionary definition of "tailrace"
↑  Musson; Robinson (1969). Science and Technology in the Industrial Revolution. University of Toronto Press. p. 69. ISBN 9780802016379.
1 2  Thomson, Ross (2009). Structures of Change in the Mechanical Age: Technological Invention in the United States 1790–1865. Baltimore, MD: The Johns Hopkins University Press. p. 34. ISBN 978-0-8018-9141-0.
↑  "Types of Water Wheels – The Physics of a Water Wheel". ffden-2.phys.uaf.edu. Retrieved 2017-07-10.
↑  Stream wheel term and specifics
↑  Merriam Webster
↑  Power in the Landscape
↑  Collins English Dictionary
↑  Oleson 2000, p. 229
↑  How Water Influences Our Lives. Springer. 22 November 2016. ISBN 9789811019388.
↑  Needham, p. 392
↑  Needham, p. 370
↑  Morton, p. 70
↑  Needham, p. 158
1 2  Oleson 1984, pp. 325ff.; Oleson 2000, pp. 217–302[page range too broad]; Donners, Waelkens & Deckers 2002, pp. 10−15[page range too broad]; Wikander 2000, pp. 371−400[page range too broad]
↑  Wikander 2000, p. 395; Oleson 2000, p. 229
It is no surprise that all the water-lifting devices that depend on subdivided wheels or cylinders originate in the sophisticated, scientifically advanced Hellenistic period, ...
↑  Wikander 2000, p. 372f.; Wilson 2002, p. 3
↑  Murphy 2005
1 2  Wikander 1985, pp. 155–157
↑  Glick, p. 178
↑  Anthony Fitzherbert, Surveying (London, 1539, reprinted in [Robert Vansitarrt, ed] Certain Ancient Tracts Concerning the Management of Landed Property Reprinted [London, 1767.] pg. 92.
↑  Leonardo da Vinci, MS F, 44r, in Les manuscrits de Leonardo da Vinci, ed Charles Ravaisson-Moilien (Paris, 1889), vol.4; cf, Codex Madrid, vol. 1, 69r [The Madrid Codices], trans. And transcribed by Ladislao Reti (New York, 1974), vol. 4.
↑  Smeaton, "An Experimental Inquiry Concerning the Natural Powers of Water and Wind to Turn Mills, and Other Machines, depending on Circular Motion," Royal Society, Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London 51 (1759); 124–125
↑  Torricelli, Evangelista, Opere, ed. Gino Loria and Giuseppe Vassura (Rome, 1919.)
↑  Torricella, Evangelica, Opere, ed. Gino Loria and Giuseppe Vassura (Rome, 1919.)
↑  "Hydro Power from the Early Modern to the Industrial Age: Ca. 1500–1850 - Electricity & Alternative Energy - Alberta's Energy Heritage". Archived from the original on 2019-11-15.
↑
Nevell, Mike; Walker (2001). Portland Basin and the archaeology of the Canal Warehouse. Tameside Metropolitan Borough with University of Manchester Archaeological Unit. ISBN 978-1-871324-25-9.
↑  Davies, Peter; Lawrence, Susan (2013). "The Garfield water wheel: hydraulic power on the Victorian goldfields" (PDF). Australasian Historical Archaeology. 31: 25–32.
↑  "Garfield Water Wheel". www.goldfieldsguide.com.au. Retrieved 2022-02-06.
↑  "Adelong Falls Gold Workings/Reserve". New South Wales State Heritage Register. Office of Environment & Heritage. H00072. Retrieved 1 June 2018.
↑  Pearson, Warwick (1997). "Water-Powered Flourmills in Nineteenth-Century Tasmania" (PDF). Australasian Historical Archaeology. 15: 66–78.
↑  McNicoll, Ronald, "Dethridge, John Stewart (1865–1926)", Australian Dictionary of Biography, Canberra: National Centre of Biography, Australian National University, retrieved 2022-02-06
↑  Reynolds, p. 14
↑  Wikander 2000, p. 400:
This is also the period when water-mills started to spread outside the former Empire. According to Cedrenus (Historiarum compendium), a certain Metrodoros who went to India in c. A.D. 325 "constructed water-mills and baths, unknown among them [the Brahmans] till then".
↑  Pacey, p. 10
↑  Pacey, p. 36
↑  Siddiqui
↑  al-Hassani et al., p. 115
↑  Lucas, Adam (2006), Wind, Water, Work: Ancient and Medieval Milling Technology, Brill Publishers, p. 26, ISBN 978-90-04-14649-5
↑  Donald Routledge Hill (1996), A history of engineering in classical and medieval times, Routledge, pp. 145–6, ISBN 978-0-415-15291-4
↑  Lucas, p. 10
↑  Ahmad Y Hassan, Transfer Of Islamic Technology To The West, Part II: Transmission Of Islamic Engineering
↑  Lucas, p. 11
↑  Hill; see also Mechanical Engineering)
↑  Ahmad Y Hassan, Flywheel Effect for a Saqiya.
↑  ? Aqualienne breastshot wheel
↑  For a discussion of the different types of water wheels, see Syson, pp. 76–91