מודלים אבולוציוניים של שיתוף מזון
הערות שוליים

1 2 3  Jaeggi, Adrian V.; Schaik, Carel P. Van (2011-11-01). "The evolution of food sharing in primates" (PDF). Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology. 65 (11): 2125. doi:10.1007/s00265-011-1221-3.
1 2 3  Kaplan, Hillard; Hill, Kim; Cadeliña, Rowe V.; Hayden, Brian; Hyndman, David Charles; Preston, Richard J.; Smith, Eric Alden; Stuart, David E.; Yesner, David R. (1985-01-01). "Food Sharing Among Ache Foragers: Tests of Explanatory Hypotheses [and Comments and Reply]". Current Anthropology. 26 (2): 223–246. doi:10.1086/203251. JSTOR 2743137.
↑  Ziker, John; Schnegg, Michael (2005-06-01). "Food sharing at meals". Human Nature. 16 (2): 178–210. doi:10.1007/s12110-005-1003-6. PMID 26189622.
1 2  Hames, Raymond (1987). "Garden labor exchange among the Ye'kwana". Ethology and Sociobiology. 8 (4): 259–284. doi:10.1016/0162-3095(87)90028-8.
1 2  Gurven, Michael; Hill, Kim; Kaplan, Hillard; Hurtado, Ana; Lyles, Richard (2000-06-01). "Food Transfers Among Hiwi Foragers of Venezuela: Tests of Reciprocity". Human Ecology. 28 (2): 171–218. doi:10.1023/A:1007067919982.
↑  Scheid, Christelle; Schmidt, Judith; Noë, Ronald (2008-11-01). "Distinct patterns of food offering and co-feeding in rooks". Animal Behaviour. 76 (5): 1701–1707. doi:10.1016/j.anbehav.2008.07.023.
↑  Wittig, Roman M.; Crockford, Catherine; Deschner, Tobias; Langergraber, Kevin E.; Ziegler, Toni E.; Zuberbühler, Klaus (2014-03-07). "Food sharing is linked to urinary oxytocin levels and bonding in related and unrelated wild chimpanzees". Proc. R. Soc. B. 281 (1778): 20133096. doi:10.1098/rspb.2013.3096. PMC 3906952. PMID 24430853.
↑  Stevens, Jeffrey R. (2004-03-07). "The selfish nature of generosity: harassment and food sharing in primates". Proceedings of the Royal Society of London B: Biological Sciences. 271 (1538): 451–456. doi:10.1098/rspb.2003.2625. PMC 1691616. PMID 15129953.
↑  Isaac, Glynn (1978). "The Food-sharing Behavior of Protohuman Hominids". Scientific American. 238 (4): 90–108. Bibcode:1978SciAm.238d..90I. doi:10.1038/scientificamerican0478-90. PMID 418504.
↑  "The Harvey Lecture Series, 1977-1978. Food Sharing and Human Evolution: Archaeological Evidence from the Plio-Pleistocene of East Africa". Journal of Anthropological Research. 34 (3): 311–325. 1978-10-01. doi:10.1086/jar.34.3.3629782.
↑  McGrew, W. C.; Feistner, Anna T. C. (1995). "Chapter 4. Two Nonhuman Primate Models for the Evolution of Chimpanzees and Callitrichids".  In Barkow, Jerome H.; Cosmides, Leda; Tooby, John (eds.). The Adapted Mind: Evolutionary Psychology and the Generation of Culture. Oxford University Press. p. 230. ISBN 978-0-19-535647-2. נבדק ב-5 בפברואר 2023. [...] Parker and Gibson (1979) suggested that food sharing arose as a secondary adaptation from tool use. [...] Sharing patterns thus created could generalize to other relationships. (Why chimpanzees [...] have not taken food sharing further in the hominid direction is not clear.) {{cite book}}:  (עזרה)
1 2  McGrew, W. C.; Feistner, Anna T. C. (1995). "Chapter 4. Two Nonhuman Primate Models for the Evolution of Chimpanzees and Callitrichids".  In Barkow, Jerome H.; Cosmides, Leda; Tooby, John (eds.). The Adapted Mind: Evolutionary Psychology and the Generation of Culture. Oxford University Press. pp. 229–243. ISBN 978-0-19-535647-2.
↑  Hamilton, W. D. (1964). "The genetical evolution of social behavior". Journal of Theoretical Biology. 7 (1): 1–16. Bibcode:1964JThBi...7....1H. doi:10.1016/0022-5193(64)90038-4. PMID 5875341.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9  Feinman, Saul (2016-12-07). "An evolutionary theory of food sharing". Social Science Information. 18 (4–5): 695–726. doi:10.1177/053901847901800404.
↑  Trivers, Robert L. (1971-03-01). "The Evolution of Reciprocal Altruism". The Quarterly Review of Biology. 46 (1): 35–57. doi:10.1086/406755.
1 2 3  Winterhalder, Bruce (1986). "Diet choice, risk, and food sharing in a stochastic environment". Journal of Anthropological Archaeology. 5 (4): 369–392. doi:10.1016/0278-4165(86)90017-6.
↑  Moore, Jim (1984). "The evolution of reciprocal sharing". Ethology and Sociobiology. 5 (1): 5–14. doi:10.1016/0162-3095(84)90031-1.
1 2  Jaeggi, Adrian V.; Stevens, Jeroen M.G.; Van Schaik, Carel P. (2010-09-01). "Tolerant food sharing and reciprocity is precluded by despotism among bonobos but not chimpanzees". American Journal of Physical Anthropology. 143 (1): 41–51. doi:10.1002/ajpa.21288. PMID 20310060.
↑  Jaeggi, Adrian V.; Groot, Evelien De; Stevens, Jeroen M. G.; Schaik, Carel P. Van (2013-03-01). "Mechanisms of reciprocity in primates: testing for short-term contingency of grooming and food sharing in bonobos and chimpanzees" (PDF). Evolution and Human Behaviorglish. 34 (2): 69–77. doi:10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2012.09.005.
↑  Jaeggi, Adrian V.; van Noordwijk, Maria A.; van Schaik, Carel P. (2008-06-01). "Begging for information: mother–offspring food sharing among wild Bornean orangutans". American Journal of Primatology. 70 (6): 533–541. doi:10.1002/ajp.20525. PMID 18186082.
1 2  de Waal, Frans B.M. (1989). "Food sharing and reciprocal obligations among chimpanzees". Journal of Human Evolution. 18 (5): 433–459. doi:10.1016/0047-2484(89)90074-2.
1 2 3  Blurton Jones, Nicholas G. (1987-03-01). "Tolerated theft, suggestions about the ecology and evolution of sharing, hoarding and scrounging". Information (International Social Science Council). 26 (1): 31–54. doi:10.1177/053901887026001002.
1 2  Hawkes, Kristen; Bliege Bird, Rebecca (2002-01-01). "Showing off, handicap signaling, and the evolution of men's work". Evolutionary Anthropology: Issues, News, and Reviews. 11 (2): 58–67. doi:10.1002/evan.20005.
1 2  Smith, Eric Alden (2004-12-01). "Why do good hunters have higher reproductive success?". Human Nature. 15 (4): 343–364. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.409.1509. doi:10.1007/s12110-004-1013-9. PMID 26189411.
↑  Hawkes, K.; O'connell, J. F.; Jones, N. G. Blurton; Oftedal, O. T.; Blumenschine, R. J. (1991-11-29). "Hunting Income Patterns among the Hadza: Big Game, Common Goods, Foraging Goals and the Evolution of the Human Diet [and Discussion]". Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences. 334 (1270): 243–251. doi:10.1098/rstb.1991.0113. PMID 1685582.
↑  Hawkes, Kristen; O’Connell, James F.; Coxworth, James E. (2010-04-01). "Family Provisioning Is Not the Only Reason Men Hunt: A Comment on Gurven and Hill". Current Anthropology. 51 (2): 259–264. doi:10.1086/651074.
↑  Bird, Rebecca (1999-01-01). "Cooperation and conflict: The behavioral ecology of the sexual division of labor". Evolutionary Anthropology: Issues, News, and Reviews. 8 (2): 65–75. doi:10.1002/(sici)1520-6505(1999)8:2<65::aid-evan5>3.0.co;2-3.(הקישור אינו פעיל, December 2019)
↑  Barclay, Pat (2013). "Strategies for cooperation in biological markets, especially for humans". Evolution and Human Behavior. 34 (3): 164–175. doi:10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2013.02.002.
↑  Smith, Eric Alden; Bird, Rebecca L. Bliege (2000-07-01). "Turtle hunting and tombstone opening". Evolution and Human Behavior. 21 (4): 245–261. doi:10.1016/S1090-5138(00)00031-3. PMID 10899477.
↑  Samuel., Bowles; Robert., Boyd (באוגוסט 2006). Moral Sentiments and Material Interests: The Foundations of Cooperation in Economic Life. ISBN 9780262572378. OCLC 966134546. {{cite book}}:  (עזרה)
↑  Dowling, John H. (1968-06-01). "Individual Ownership and the Sharing of Game in Hunting Societies1". American Anthropologist. 70 (3): 502–507. doi:10.1525/aa.1968.70.3.02a00040.
1 2  L.., Isaac, Barry (1988-01-01). Research in economic anthropology A research annual. Volume 10. Jai Press Inc. ISBN 978-0892329465. OCLC 835324937.
↑  Bailey, R. C. (1991-01-01). "The comparative growth of Efe pygmies and African farmers from birth to age 5 years". Annals of Human Biology. 18 (2): 113–120. doi:10.1080/03014469100001452. PMID 2024945.
שיתוף מזון בשימפנזים
שיתוף דגים : ציור מאת תומאס קופר גוטץ', 1891