מלאזמה
הערות שוליים

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1 2  "Melasma | American Academy of Dermatology". www.aad.org. נבדק ב-2016-02-25.
↑  Arndt, Kenneth A., 1936- (2014-02-05). Manual of dermatologic therapeutics. Hsu, Jeffrey T. S. (Eighth ed.). [Place of publication not identified]. ISBN 978-1-4698-7200-1. OCLC 953864747.{{cite book}}:  תחזוקה - ציטוט: multiple names: authors list (link)
1 2  Evidence-based dermatology. Williams, Hywel C.,, Bigby, Michael E. (Third ed.). Chichester, West Sussex. 2014-06-05. ISBN 978-1-118-35762-0. OCLC 867001321.{{cite book}}:  תחזוקה - ציטוט: others (link)
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↑  Jutley, Gurpreet Singh; Rajaratnam, Ratna; Halpern, James; Salim, Asad; Emmett, Charis (2014-02-01). "Systematic review of randomized controlled trials on interventions for melasma: an abridged Cochrane review". Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology. 70 (2): 369–373. doi:10.1016/j.jaad.2013.07.044. ISSN 1097-6787. PMID 24438951.
↑  Rivas, Shelly; Pandya, Amit G. (2013-10-01). "Treatment of melasma with topical agents, peels and lasers: an evidence-based review". American Journal of Clinical Dermatology. 14 (5): 359–376. doi:10.1007/s40257-013-0038-4. ISSN 1179-1888. PMID 23881551.
↑  Breathnach, A. S. (בינואר 1996). "Melanin hyperpigmentation of skin: melasma, topical treatment with azelaic acid, and other therapies". Cutis. 57 (1 Suppl): 36–45. ISSN 0011-4162. PMID 8654129. {{cite journal}}:  (עזרה)
↑  Mansouri, P.; Farshi, S.; Hashemi, Z.; Kasraee, B. (2015-07-01). "Evaluation of the efficacy of cysteamine 5% cream in the treatment of epidermal melasma: a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial". British Journal of Dermatology (באנגלית). 173 (1): 209–217. doi:10.1111/bjd.13424. ISSN 1365-2133. PMID 25251767.
↑  Bleehen, S. S.; Pathak, M. A.; Hori, Y.; Fitzpatrick, T. B. (1968-02-01). "Depigmentation of skin with 4-isopropylcatechol, mercaptoamines, and other compounds". The Journal of Investigative Dermatology. 50 (2): 103–117. doi:10.1038/jid.1968.13. ISSN 0022-202X. PMID 5641641.
↑  Qiu, L.; Zhang, M.; Sturm, R. A.; Gardiner, B.; Tonks, I.; Kay, G.; Parsons, P. G. (2000-01-01). "Inhibition of melanin synthesis by cystamine in human melanoma cells". The Journal of Investigative Dermatology. 114 (1): 21–27. doi:10.1046/j.1523-1747.2000.00826.x. ISSN 0022-202X. PMID 10620110.
↑  Rajaratnam, Ratna; Halpern, James; Salim, Asad; Emmett, Charis (2010-07-07). "Interventions for melasma". Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (באנגלית) (7): CD003583. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD003583.pub2. ISSN 1465-1858. PMID 20614435.
↑  Zhou, Linghong Linda; Baibergenova, Akerke (2017-09-01). "Melasma: systematic review of the systemic treatments". International Journal of Dermatology (באנגלית). 56 (9): 902–908. doi:10.1111/ijd.13578. ISSN 1365-4632. PMID 28239840.
↑  Handog, Evangeline (2009-07-20). "A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of oral procyanidin with Vitamins A, C, E for melasma among Filipino women". International Journal of Dermatology. 48 (8): 896–901. doi:10.1111/j.1365-4632.2009.04130.x. PMID 19659873.
הבהרה: המידע בוויקיפדיה נועד להעשרה בלבד ואינו מהווה ייעוץ רפואי.
רופאה מבצעת טיפול במלאזמה בלייזר עם אשלגן טיטניל פוספט