דמוגרפיה של אתאיזם
הערות שוליים

1 2 3 4 5 6  Zuckerman, Phil (2006). "3 - Atheism: Contemporary Numbers and Patterns".  In Martin, Michael (ed.). The Cambridge Companion to Atheism. pp. 47–66. doi:10.1017/CCOL0521842700.004. ISBN 9781139001182.
1 2 3  Pasquale, Frank; Galen, Luke; Zuckerman, Phil (2016). "1. The Study of Secularity and the Nonreligious & 2. Secularity around the World". The Nonreligious: Understanding Secular People and Societies. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0199924943.
↑  Keysar, Ariela. "2. Religious/Non-Religious Demography".  In Shook, John; Zuckerman, Phil (eds.). The Oxford Handbook of Secularism. Oxford University Press. The share of atheists is far smaller than the share of not religious in most countries.
↑  Zuckerman, Phil (2006). "3 - Atheism: Contemporary Numbers and Patterns".  In Martin, Michael (ed.). The Cambridge Companion to Atheism. p. 61. doi:10.1017/CCOL0521842700.004. ISBN 9781139001182. Between 500 million and 750 million humans currently do not believe in God.
↑  "Major Religions of the World Ranked by Number of Adherents". Adherents. Secular/Nonreligious/Agnostic/Atheist: This is a highly disparate group and not a single religion. Although atheists are a small subset of this grouping, this category is not synonymous with atheism. People who specify atheism as their religious preference actually make up less than one-half of one percent of the population in many countries where much large numbers claim no religious preference...In most countries only a tiny number of people (zero to a fraction of 1 percent) will answer "atheism" or "atheist" when asked an open-ended question about what their religious preference... A slightly larger number answer "no" when asked simply if they "believe in God" (omitting wording indicating more nebulous, less anthropomorphic conceptions of divinity)...Estimates for atheism alone (as a primary religious preference) range from 200 to 240 million. But these come primarily from China and former Soviet Union nations (especially Russia).
1 2  Keysar, Ariela; Navarro-Rivera, Juhem (2017). "36. A World of Atheism: Global Demographics".  In Bullivant, Stephen; Ruse, Michael (eds.). The Oxford Handbook of Atheism. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0199644650.
1 2 3 4  "The Global Religious Landscape - Religiously Unaffiliated". Pew Research Center. בדצמבר 2012. {{cite web}}:  (עזרה)
1 2  "Global Index of Religion and Atheism" (PDF). WIN/Gallup International. אורכב מ-המקור (PDF) ב-16 באוקטובר 2012. נבדק ב-13 בינואר 2015. {{cite web}}:  (עזרה)
↑  Pew Forum on Religion; Public Life (2012-12-18). "The Global Religious Landscape". נבדק ב-18 בדצמבר 2012. {{cite web}}:  (עזרה)
↑  Pandian (1996). India, that is, sidd. Allied Publishers. p. 64. ISBN 978-81-7023-561-3. נבדק ב-2011-04-09.
↑  8 Oldest Religions in the World, Oldest.org, ‏2017-11-11 (באנגלית אמריקאית)
↑  What is the Oldest Religion in the World?, WorldAtlas (באנגלית אמריקאית)
↑  Baggini, Julian (2009). Atheism: A Brief Insight. New York: Sterling. p. 110. ISBN 978-1-4027-6882-8.
↑  "Millennials Losing Faith In God: Survey". Huffington Post. Huffingtonpost.com. 2012-06-05. נבדק ב-2014-02-27. reporting on a Pew study:"Section 6: Religion and Social Values | Pew Research Center for the People and the Press". People-press.org. 2012-06-04. נבדק ב-2014-02-27.
1 2  "Not All Nonbelievers Call Themselves Atheists | Pew Research Center's Religion & Public Life Project". Pewforum.org. 2009-04-02. נבדק ב-2014-02-27.
↑  Rieke Havertz (2012-08-15). "Atheism on the rise around the globe". CSMonitor.com. נבדק ב-2014-01-06.
↑  International Humanist and Ethical Union. "The Fate of Infidels and Apostates under Islam". Iheu.org. אורכב מ-המקור ב-2011-09-27. נבדק ב-2012-02-05.
↑  "American Nones: The Profile of the No Religion Population" (PDF). American Religious Identification Survey. 2008. אורכב מ-המקור (PDF) ב-29 באפריל 2015. נבדק ב-19 באוקטובר 2012. {{cite web}}:  (עזרה)
↑  "No Religion on the Rise: One-in-Five Adults Have No Religious Affiliation". Pew Forum on Religion & Public Life. 9 באוקטובר 2012. נבדק ב-19 באוקטובר 2012. {{cite web}}:  (עזרה)
↑  "The World Fact Book: Religions". World Fact Book. נבדק ב-8 ביוני 2013. {{cite web}}:  (עזרה)
↑  Eller, Jack (2010). "1. What Is Atheism?".  In Phil Zuckerman (ed.). Atheism and Secularity Vol.1: Issues, Concepts, Definitions. Praeger. ISBN 9780313351839.
1 2  Halman, Loek (2010). "8. Atheism And Secularity In The Netherlands".  In Phil Zuckerman (ed.). Atheism and Secularity Vol.2: Gloabal Expressions. Praeger. ISBN 9780313351839.
↑  "Canadians divided on whether religion does more harm than good: poll - WorldWide Religious News". Wwrn.org. 2011-09-12. נבדק ב-2014-01-06.
↑  "Canadians divided on whether religion does more harm than good: poll". Shaw Media Inc. 2011-09-12. נבדק ב-31 בדצמבר 2011. {{cite web}}:  (עזרה)
↑  Kuo, Cheng-Tian (2017). "15. Sacred, Secular, and Neo-sacred Governments in China and Taiwan".  In Zucekrman, Phil; Shook, John (eds.). The Oxford Handbook of Secularism. Oxford University Press. ISBN 9780199988457.
1 2  "UK among most secular nations". BBC News. 2004-02-26. נבדק ב-2005-03-05.
↑  Paul, Gregory (2010). "6. The Evolution of Popular Religiosity and Secularism".  In Zuckerman, Phil (ed.). Atheism and Secularity Vol. 1: Issues, Concepts, and Definitions. Praeger. pp. 171–172. ISBN 978-0313351815. Nor is it likely that most atheists and agnostics base their decision to not believe in the gods on a careful, rational analysis of the pertinent philosophical and scientific arguments. As noted earlier Europeans score about as poorly on tests of scientific knowledge as do the more religious American population. The common perplexment of rationalists that so many people are superstitious is psychosociologically naive, most people do not care all that much about scientific rationalism, which explains why three quarters of Americans and many other Westerners believe in something paranormal aside from gods (Sjodin 2002, Gallup 2005a).
↑  Farias, Miguel (2013). "30. Psychology of Atheism".  In Bullivant, Stephen; Ruse, Michael (eds.). The Oxford Handbook of Atheism. Oxford: Oxford Univ. Press. ISBN 978-0199644650.
↑  Pasquale, Frank; Galen, Luke; Zuckerman, Phil (2016). "5. How and Why People Become Secular". The Nonreligious: Understanding Secular People and Societies. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0199924943.
↑  "Center Stage Podcast, Episode 104 - Profiles of the Godless: Results from the Non-Religious Identification Survey, Luke Galen". Centerforinquiry.net. 2011-12-05. נבדק ב-2012-02-05.
↑  Galen, L.W., & Kloet, J. (2011). "Personality and social integration factors distinguishing non-religious from religious groups: The importance of controlling for attendance and demographics". Archive for the Psychology of Religion, 33, 205-228.
↑  Caldwell-Harris, Catherine L. (בפברואר 2012). "Understanding atheism/non-belief as an expected individual-differences variable". Religion, Brain & Behavior. 2 (1): 4–23. doi:10.1080/2153599X.2012.668395. {{cite journal}}:  (עזרה)
↑  Caldwell-Harris, Catherine L.; Wilson, Angela L.; LoTempio, Elizabeth; Beit-Hallahmi, Benjamin (12 באוקטובר 2010). "Exploring the atheist personality: well-being, awe, and magical thinking in atheists, Buddhists, and Christians". Mental Health, Religion & Culture. 14 (7): 659–672. doi:10.1080/13674676.2010.509847. {{cite journal}}:  (עזרה)
↑  Silver, Christopher F.; Coleman, Thomas J.; Hood, Ralph W.; Holcombe, Jenny M. (13 בדצמבר 2014). "The six types of nonbelief: a qualitative and quantitative study of type and narrative". Mental Health, Religion & Culture. 17 (10): 990–1001. doi:10.1080/13674676.2014.987743. {{cite journal}}:  (עזרה)
↑  Zuckerman, Phil, ed. (2010). "Ch. 9 Atheism And Secularity: The Scandinavian Paradox". Atheism and Secularity Vol.2. Praeger. ISBN 978-0313351815.
↑  Bainbridge, William (2005). "Atheism" (PDF). Interdisciplinary Journal of Research on Religion. 1 (Article 2): 1–26.
↑  Zuckerman, Phil (2007).  Martin, Michael (ed.). The Cambridge Companion to Atheism. Cambridge Univ. Press. pp. 58–59. ISBN 978-0521603676.
↑  Dervic, K; Oquendo, MA; Grunebaum, MF; Ellis, S; Burke, AK; Mann, JJ (בדצמבר 2004). "Religious affiliation and suicide attempt". The American Journal of Psychiatry. 161 (12): 2303–8. doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.161.12.2303. PMID 15569904. {{cite journal}}:  (עזרה)
↑  Galen, Luke William; Kloet, James D. (13 באוקטובר 2010). "Mental well-being in the religious and the non-religious: evidence for a curvilinear relationship". Mental Health, Religion & Culture. 14 (7): 673–689. doi:10.1080/13674676.2010.510829. {{cite journal}}:  (עזרה)
↑  Beit-Hallahmi, Benjamin (2007). "Atheists: A Psychological Profile".  In Martin, Michael (ed.). The Cambridge Companion to Atheism. Cambridge [England]: Cambridge University Press. pp. 300–318. ISBN 9781139001182.
↑  Weber, Samuel R.; Pargament, Kenneth I.; Kunik, Mark E.; Lomax, James W.; Stanley, Melinda A. (1 באוקטובר 2011). "Psychological Distress Among Religious Nonbelievers: A Systematic Review". Journal of Religion and Health. 51 (1): 72–86. doi:10.1007/s10943-011-9541-1. PMID 21965058. {{cite journal}}:  (עזרה)
↑  "Major Religions of the World Ranked by Number of Adherents". Adherents.com. נבדק ב-2006-03-05.
↑  "Two-thirds of Britons not religious, suggests survey". BBC News. 2011-03-21.
↑  "CIA World Factbook". נבדק ב-2006-03-05.
↑  "AP/Ipsos Poll: Religious Fervor In U.S. Surpasses Faith In Many Other Highly Industrial Countries". 2005. אורכב מ-המקור ב-2013-02-18. נבדק ב-2006-03-05.
↑  "Losing our religion? Two thirds of people still claim to be religious" (PDF). WIN Gallup International. 13 באפריל 2015. {{cite web}}:  (עזרה)
↑  "The Future of World Religions: Population Growth Projections, 2010-2050". Pew Research Center. 5 באפריל 2012. {{cite web}}:  (עזרה)
↑  ""Nones" on the Rise". Pew Research Center. 2012-10-09. נבדק ב-2012-10-09.
↑  "U.S. belief in God down, belief in theory of evolution up". 2013. נבדק ב-2013-12-22.
↑  "America's Changing Religious Landscape". Pew Research Center. במאי 2015. {{cite web}}:  (עזרה)
↑  Larson, Edward J.; Larry Witham (1998). "Leading scientists still reject God". Nature. 394 (6691): 313–4. doi:10.1038/28478. PMID 9690462. אורכב מ-המקור ב-2014-03-01.
↑  Scott, Eugenie (2016-03-04). "Do Scientists Really Reject God?: New Poll Contradicts Earlier Ones". Reports of the National Center for Science Education. National Center for Science Education.
↑  Larson, E. J. & Witham, L., "Scientists are still keeping the faith,", Nature 386, 435-436 (1997).
↑  Bourget, David & Chalmers, David J. (2014). What do philosophers believe? Philosophical Studies 170 (3):465-500. A version of this paper is available at http://consc.net/papers/survey.pdf
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9  "GLOBAL INDEX OF RELIGIOSITY AND ATHEISM" (PDF).
↑  "Egypt: Are there really three million atheists?". BBC News. 2013-11-19. נבדק ב-2014-11-15.
↑  "بوابة الصباح : الملحدون فى مصر .. كفار فى العلن مؤمنون فى السر". www.elsaba7.com.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46  Creative, Studio X. "Regional Results, End of Year survey, global survey, happiness in America, Happiness in Europe, happiness in the world, expectations 2015, WIN/Gallup International, George Gallup, expectations 2015, outlook 2015, happiness in 2014". www.wingia.com.
1 2  "End of Year 2014 Methodology" (PDF).
↑  "Iranians' Attitudes toward religion: A 2020 survey report". נבדק ב-10 באוקטובר 2020. {{cite web}}:  (עזרה)
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10  P. Zuckerman, M. Martin, S. Bruce, R. Dalton, P. Froese, R. Inglehart, Charles E. Lachman, P. Nardi, Atheism: Contemporary Rates and Patterns Phil Zuckerman
↑  wingia.com End of year survey 2014
↑  "Türkiye'de ateist sayısı neden arttı?".
↑  Onedio.com. "Ateist Oranı Arttı, Dindar Oranı Azaldı: 21 Grafikle Konda'nın Son 10 Yıllık Toplumsal Değişim Raporu". Onedio (בטורקית). נבדק ב-2020-08-11.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8  "Special Eurobarometer: Biotechnology" (PDF). באוקטובר 2010. p. 381. אורכב מ-המקור (PDF) ב-2010-12-15. {{cite web}}:  (עזרה)
↑  "Discrimination in the EU in 2012" (PDF), Special Eurobarometer, 383, European Union: European Commission: 233, 2012, אורכב מ-המקור (PDF) ב-2 בדצמבר 2012, נבדק ב-14 באוגוסט 2013 {{citation}}:  (עזרה) The question asked was "Do you consider yourself to be...?" With a card showing: Catholic, Orthodox, Protestant, Other Christian, Jewish, Muslim, Sikh, Buddhist, Hindu, Atheist, and Non-believer/Agnostic. Space was given for Other and Don't know. Jewish, Sikh, Buddhist, Hindu did not reach the 1% threshold.
↑  "Discrimination in the EU in 2012" (PDF), Special Eurobarometer, 383, European Union: European Commission: 233, 2012, אורכב מ-המקור (PDF) ב-2 בדצמבר 2012, נבדק ב-14 באוגוסט 2013 {{citation}}:  (עזרה)
↑  Noack, Rick. "Map: These are the world's least religious countries". Washington Post (באנגלית אמריקאית). ISSN 0190-8286. נבדק ב-2021-03-14.
1 2  "Discrimination in the EU in 2012" (PDF), Special Eurobarometer, 393, European Union: European Commission: 233, 2012, אורכב מ-המקור (PDF) ב-2 בדצמבר 2012, נבדק ב-14 באוגוסט 2013 {{citation}}:  (עזרה) The question asked was "Do you consider yourself to be...?" With a card showing: Catholic, Orthodox, Protestant, Other Christian, Jewish, Muslim, Sikh, Buddhist, Hindu, Atheist, and Non-believer/Agnostic. Space was given for Other (SPONTANEOUS) and DK. Jewish, Sikh, Buddhist, Hindu did not reach the 1% threshold.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17  "Religious Belief and National Belonging in Central and Eastern Europe". Pew Research Center's Religion & Public Life Project. 10 במאי 2017. נבדק ב-29 במאי 2017. {{cite web}}:  (עזרה)
↑  "Discrimination in the EU in 2015", Special Eurobarometer, 437, European Union: European Commission, 2015, נבדק ב-2 במרץ 2019 {{citation}}:  (עזרה)
↑  "GESIS: ZACAT". zacat.gesis.org.
↑  "2011 Census-AL" [2011 Census-AL] (PDF) (באלבנית). INSTAT. 2011. אורכב מ-המקור (PDF) ב-26 במרץ 2017. נבדק ב-16 באפריל 2017. {{cite web}}:  (עזרה)
↑  Italia sempre meno religiosa, in cinque anni credenti diminuiti del 7%
↑  Sondaggio Doxa su religiosità e ateismo, UAAR, ‏2019-05-08 (באיטלקית)
↑  "Census of Population, Households and Dwellings in Montenegro 2011" (PDF). Monstat. pp. 14, 15. נבדק ב-12 ביולי 2011. {{cite web}}:  (עזרה) For the purpose of the chart, the categories 'Islam' and 'Muslims' were merged; 'Buddhist' (.02) and Other Religions were merged; 'Atheist' (1.24) and 'Agnostic' (.07) were merged; and 'Adventist' (.14), 'Christians' (.24), 'Jehovah Witness' (.02), and 'Protestants' (.02) were merged under 'Other Christian'.
↑  Boere, Raymond (22 בספטמבר 2018). "Helft Nederlanders gelooft niet meer in god". Algemeen Dagblad (בהולנדית). נבדק ב-2 ביוני 2019. {{cite news}}:  (עזרה)
↑  "Special Eurobarometer: Biotechnology" (PDF). באוקטובר 2010. p. 383. {{cite web}}:  (עזרה)
↑  CIA World Factbook (בדצמבר 2020). "People and Society" (באנגלית). נבדק ב-1 בדצמבר 2020. {{cite web}}:  (עזרה)
↑  Gallup Pakistan - Pakistan's Foremost Research Lab, Gallup Pakistan - Pakistan's Foremost Research Lab (באנגלית)
↑  Inc., Gallup. "Religion".
↑  "Religion In New Zealand: International Social Survey Programme" (PDF). Massey University. נבדק ב-2010-06-10.
↑  Encuesta UdeSA: ¿Qué rol juega la religión en la vida de los argentinos?, Grupo La Provincia (בספרדית)
↑  "Encuesta Nacional Bicentenario 2019: Religión"
↑  "3% of Peru identifies as atheist". נבדק ב-8 בספטמבר 2020. {{cite web}}:  (עזרה)
↑  "Religion in Uruguay". Statista. נבדק ב-10 באוקטובר 2020. {{cite web}}:  (עזרה)
| אי-דת |
| --- | --- | --- |
| אתאיזם | אתאיזם מדיני • אתאיזם שלילי וחיובי • אתאיזם אגנוסטי • אתאיזם יהודי • אנטי-תאיזם • דמוגרפיה |  |
| אגנוסטיות | תאיזם אגנוסטי • אתאיזם אגנוסטי |  |
| נונתאיזם | אנטי-תאיזם • הומניזם חילוני • אפתאיזם • פוסט-תאיזם • דאיזם • אנטי-דתיוּת |  |
| דת פארודית | מפלצת הספגטי המעופפת • החד-קרן הוורודה הבלתי נראית • יום חמישי האחרון • קנקן התה של ראסל |  |
רשימת מדינות לפי אי-דת
מייקל ניודוב נואם בכנס של ברית האתאיסטים הבינלאומית. קרוב לוודאי שחברים בקבוצות חילוניות הם אתאיסטים, אך גם מוכנים יותר להחזיק בדעות לא פופולריות ולחקור רעיונות חדשים לעומק.
החלק באוכלוסייה במדינות שונות באירופה שציינו כי הם "מאמינים שיש אלוהים", 2010
החלק באוכלוסייה במדינות שונות באירופה שציינו כי הם "מאמינים שיש רוח או כוח-חיים כלשהו" (Eurobarometer 2010)
החלק באוכלוסייה במדינות שונות באירופה שציינו כי הם "לא מאמינים שיש איזושהי צורה של רוח, אל או כוח-חיים" (Eurobarometer 2010)