עמק פרגנה
הערות שוליים

↑  Laurelle, Marlene, Globalizing Central Asia: Geopolitics and the Challenges of Economic Development., 2015, עמ' 126
1 2 3 4 5 6 7  Chisholm, Hugh, Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 10 (11th ed., University of Cambridge: Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 10 (11th ed.), 1910–1911, עמ' 270–271
↑  "Petroleum Potential of Fergana Intermontane Basin", Wayback Machine, ‏Archived from the original on 27 October 2009. Retrieved 26 March 2014.
1 2 3  Москва: ПИН РАН. p. 91., Российская академия наук
↑  "Splendeurs des oasis dOuzbekistan, p.12" (PDF).
↑  Independent Sogdiana: Lane Fox (1973, 1986:533) notes Quintus Curtius, vi.3.9: with no satrap to rule them, they were under the command of Bessus at Gaugamela, according to Arrian, iii.8.3.
↑  The province of Sogdia was to Asia what Macedonia was to Greece: a buffer between a brittle civilization and the restless barbarians beyond, whether the Scyths of Alexander's day and later or the White Huns, Turks and Mongols who eventually poured south to wreck the thin veneer of Iranian society" (Robin Lane Fox, Alexander the Great (1973) 1986:301).
↑  Bernard, P., "Alexander and his successors in Central Asia." In: History of civilizations of Central Asia, Volume II. The development of sedentary and nomadic civilizations: 700 B.C. to A.D. 250, Harmatta, János, ed., Paris: UNESCO Publishing: Harmatta, János, ed. Paris: UNESCO Publishing., (1994a), עמ' 88–97
↑  The Megalithic Portal and Megalith Map. "Silk Road, North China, C. Michael Hogan, the Megalithic Portal, ed. Andy Burnham".
↑  Hill, John E., (2009). Through the Jade Gate to Rome: A Study of the Silk Routes during the Later Han Dynasty, First to Second Centuries CE, BookSurge, 2009, עמ' 29, 318–350, ISBN 978-1-4392-2134-1
↑  Shouyi Bai et al., A History of Chinese Muslim (Vol.2), Beijing: Zhonghua Book Company, 2003, ISBN 7-101-02890-X
↑  Ahmad Hasan Dani, History of Civilizations of Central Asia: The crossroads of civilizations: A.D. 250 to 750., Motilal Banarsidass, 1999, עמ' 274–280, ISBN 978-81-208-1540-7
↑  "Timur", The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition, 2001-05 Columbia University Press, (LINK Archived 2008-06-30 at the Wayback Machine)
↑  "Consolidation & expansion of the Indo-Timurids", in Encyclopædia Britannica, (LINK Archived 2008-04-26 at the Wayback Machine)
↑  B. Spuler, "Central Asia in the Mongol and Timurid periods", published in Encyclopædia Iranica, Online Edition, 2006/7, (LINK Archived 2009-02-24 at the Wayback Machine): "... Like his father, Olōğ Beg was entirely integrated into the Persian Islamic cultural circles, and during his reign Persian predominated as the language of high culture, a status that it retained in the region of Samarqand until the Russian revolution 1917 [...] Ḥoseyn Bāyqarā encouraged the development of Persian literature and literary talent in every way possible ..."
↑  David J. Roxburgh. The Persian Album, 1400–1600: From Dispersal to Collection. Yale University Press, 2005. pg 130: "Persian literature, especially poetry, occupied a central in the process of assimilation of Timurid elite to the Perso-Islamicate courtly culture, and so it is not surprising to find Baysanghur commissioned a new edition of Firdawsi's Shanama
↑  Rashid, Ahmed. (2002). Jihad: The Rise of Militant Islam in Central Asia. New York: Yale University Press
↑  "For ethnography in political geography: Experiencing and re-imagining Ferghana Valley boundary closures". Political Geography: 6222–640. 2006.
↑  Weisbrode, K. (2001) Central Eurasia -- Prize or Quicksand? Oxford University Press, pp 46–48.
↑  "United Nations News Centre – UN asks for $71 million in relief appeal after ethnic violence in Kyrgyzstan". Un News. Un.org. 18 June 2010. Archived from the original on 29 October 2013. Retrieved 26 March 2014.
↑  Akchurina, Viktoria; Lavorgna, Anita, "Islamist movements in the Fergana Valley: a new threat assessment approach", Global Crime. 15 (3–4), 2014, עמ' 320–336. S2CID 145354771
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בקרת זהויות :  NLI: 987007529001805171  GND: 1117816966  NKC: ge376092  VIAF: 269147869718374982753   WorldCat (עם VIAF): 269147869718374982753 
שני נחשים מאעמק פרגאנה, האלף השלישי לפני הספירהmillennium BCE
Probable Greek soldier in the Sampul tapestry, woollen wall hanging, 3rd–2nd century BC, Sampul, Urumqi Xinjiang Museum.
Babur, the Turco-Mongol founder of the Mughal dynasty, was a native of Andijan in the Fergana Valley.
Khan's Palace, Kokand.
Soviet negotiations with basmachi, Fergana, 1921
Confluence of Naryn and Kara Darya seen from space (false color). Many irrigated agricultural fields can be seen.