אטרוסקית
הערות שוליים

↑  Massimo Pallottino, La langue étrusque Problèmes et perspectives, 1978.
↑  Mauro Cristofani, Introduction to the study of the Etruscan, Leo S. Olschki, 1991.
↑  Romolo A. Staccioli, The "mystery" of the Etruscan language, Newton & Compton publishers, Rome, 1977.
1 2  Haarmann, Harald (2014). "Ethnicity and Language in the Ancient Mediterranean".  In McInerney, Jeremy (ed.). A Companion to Ethnicity in the Ancient Mediterranean (באנגלית). Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Inc. pp. 17–33. doi:10.1002/9781118834312.ch2. ISBN 9781444337341.
↑  Harding, Anthony H. (2014). "The later prehistory of Central and Northern Europe".  In Renfrew, Colin; Bahn, Paul (eds.). The Cambridge World Prehistory (באנגלית). Vol. 3. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. p. 1912. ISBN 978-1-107-02379-6. Italy was home to a number of languages in the Iron Age, some of them clearly Indo-European (Latin being the most obvious, although this was merely the language spoken in the Roman heartland, that is, Latium, and other languages such as Italic, Venetic or Ligurian were also present), while the centre-west and northwest were occupied by the people we call Etruscans, who spoke a language which was non-Indo-European and presumed to represent an ethnic and linguistic stratum which goes far back in time, perhaps even to the occupants of Italy prior to the spread of farming.
1 2  Schumacher, Stefan (1994) Studi Etruschi in Neufunde ‘raetischer’ Inschriften Vol. 59 pp. 307–320 (German)
1 2  Schumacher, Stefan (1994) Neue ‘raetische’ Inschriften aus dem Vinschgau in Der Schlern Vol. 68 pp. 295-298 (German)
1 2  Schumacher, Stefan (1999) Die Raetischen Inschriften: Gegenwärtiger Forschungsstand, spezifische Probleme und Zukunfstaussichten in I Reti / Die Räter, Atti del simposio 23–25 settembre 1993, Castello di Stenico, Trento, Archeologia delle Alpi, a cura di G. Ciurletti – F. Marzatico Archaoalp pp. 334–369 (German)
1 2  Schumacher, Stefan (2004) Die Raetischen Inschriften. Geschichte und heutiger Stand der Forschung Archaeolingua. Innsbrucker Beiträge zur Kulturwissenschaft. (German)
1 2  Norbert Oettinger, Seevölker und Etrusker, 2010.
1 2  de Simone Carlo (2009) La nuova iscrizione tirsenica di Efestia in Aglaia Archontidou, Carlo de Simone, Emanuele Greco (Eds.), Gli scavi di Efestia e la nuova iscrizione ‘tirsenica’, Tripodes 11, 2009, pp. 3–58. (Italian)
1 2 3  Carlo de Simone, Simona Marchesini (Eds), La lamina di Demlfeld [= Mediterranea. Quaderni annuali dell'Istituto di Studi sulle Civiltà italiche e del Mediterraneo antico del Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche. Supplemento 8], Pisa – Roma: 2013. (Italian)
↑  Bonfante (1990), p. 12.
↑  Bonfante (1990), p. 10.
↑  Van der Meer, L. Bouke, ed. Liber Linteus Zagrabiensis (= Monographs on antiquity, vol. 4). Peeters, 2007, ISSN 1781-9458.
↑  Freeman, Philip. The Survival of Etruscan. pp. 75–76.
↑  Freeman, Philip. The Survival of Etruscan. p. 82
1 2 3 4  Freeman. The Survival of Etruscan. pp. 79–80
↑  Freeman, Philip. The Survival of Etruscan. p. 81
↑  Freeman, Philip. Survival of Etruscan. p. 82: "How much longer may have Etruscan survived in isolated rural locations? The answer is impossible to say, given that we can only argue from evidence, not conjecture. But languages are notoriously tenacious, and the possibility of an Etruscan survival into the late 1st century A.D. and beyond cannot be wholly dismissed. Oscan graffiti on the walls of Pompeii show that non-Latin languages well into the 1st century A.D., making rural survival of Etruscan more credible. But this is only speculation..."
↑  Freeman, Philip. The Survival of Etruscan. p. 77
↑  Freeman, Philip. The Survival of Etruscan. p. 78
↑  ל־Urgulanilla, ראו סווטוניוס, חיי קלאודיוס, 26.1; לעשרים הספרים ראו שם 42.2.
↑  Ostler, Nicholas (2009). Ad Infinitum: A Biography of Latin and the World It Created. London: HarperPress, 2009, pp. 323 ff.
1 2  Wallace, Rex E. (2010). "Italy, Languages of".  In Gagarin, Michael (ed.). The Oxford Encyclopedia of Ancient Greece and Rome (באנגלית). Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press. pp. 97–102. doi:10.1093/acref/9780195170726.001.0001. ISBN 9780195170726. Etruscan origins lie in the distant past. Despite the claim by Herodotus, who wrote that Etruscans migrated to Italy from Lydia in the eastern Mediterranean, there is no material or linguistic evidence to support this. Etruscan material culture developed in an unbroken chain from Bronze Age antecedents. As for linguistic relationships, Lydian is an Indo-European language. Lemnian, which is attested by a few inscriptions discovered near Kamania on the island of Lemnos, was a dialect of Etruscan introduced to the island by commercial adventurers. Linguistic similarities connecting Etruscan with Raetic, a language spoken in the sub-Alpine regions of northeastern Italy, further militate against the idea of eastern origins.
↑  Simona Marchesini (translation by Melanie Rockenhaus) (2013). "Raetic (languages)". Mnamon – Ancient Writing Systems in the Mediterranean. Scuola Normale Superiore. נבדק ב-26 ביולי 2018. {{cite web}}:  (עזרה)
↑  Kluge Sindy, Salomon Corinna, Schumacher Stefan (2013–2018). "Raetica". Thesaurus Inscriptionum Raeticarum. Department of Linguistics, University of Vienna. נבדק ב-26 ביולי 2018. {{cite web}}:  (עזרה)תחזוקה - ציטוט: multiple names: authors list (link)
↑  Mellaart, James (1975), "The Neolithic of the Near East" (Thames and Hudson)
↑  de Ligt, Luuk (2008–2009). "An 'Eteocretan' inscription from Prasos and the homeland of the Sea Peoples" (PDF). Talanta. XL–XLI: 151–172. נבדק ב-13 ביוני 2016. {{cite journal}}:  (עזרה)
↑  Carlo de Simone, La nuova Iscrizione ‘Tirsenica’ di Lemnos (Efestia, teatro): considerazioni generali, in Rasenna: Journal of the Center for Etruscan Studies, pp. 1–34.
↑  "Camunic : Encyclopedia of the Languages of Europe : Blackwell Reference Online". Blackwellreference.com. נבדק ב-2018-05-26.
↑  M. G. Tibiletti Bruno. 1978. Camuno, retico e pararetico, in Lingue e dialetti dell'Italia antica ('Popoli e civiltà dell'Italia antica', 6), a cura di A. L. Prosdocimi, Roma, pp. 209–255. (Italian)
↑  האלפבית יכול להימצא בצורות אותיות חלופיות ב־Omniglot.
1 2 3  Bonfante (1990) chapter 2.
↑  "Bucchero". Khan Academy. נבדק ב-15 במרץ 2018. {{cite web}}:  (עזרה)
↑  Bonfantes (2002) page 55.
↑  The Bonfantes (2002) p. 56.
↑  Rex Wallace (2008) 𐌆𐌉𐌙 𐌓𐌀𐌔𐌍𐌀 𐌀 Zikh Rasna: A Manual of the Etruscan Language and Inscriptions
↑  The Bonfantes (2002), pp. 117 ff.
↑  Robinson, Andrew (2002). Lost languages : the enigma of the world's undeciphered scripts. New York: McGraw-Hill. p. 170. ISBN 0071357432.
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איור כתובות על הכבד של פיאצ'נצה (אנ')
הציוויליזציה האטרוסקית ושתים עשרה ערי הליגה האטרוסקית בשיא התפשטותה (500 לפנה"ס)
אילן יוחסין של השפות הטירניות ובהן השפה האטרוסקית כפי שהוצע על ידי דה סימון ומרצ'סיני (2013)
הנואם, פסל ברונזה אטרוסקי־רומי המתאר את אולה מטל (בלטינית: Aulus Metellus), איש אטרוסקי בדרגת סנאטור רומית, העוסק ברטוריקה, על שפת שמלתו מופיעה כתובת באלפבית האטרוסקי:
לוח מרסיליאנה ועליו צורה עתיקה של האלפבית האטרוסקי:
לוחיות פירגי, לוחות זהב הן בשפה האטרוסקית והן בשפה הפיניקית, במוזיאון האטרוסקי ברומא (אנ')