קנדידיאזיס
הערות שוליים

1 2 3 4  "Candidiasis". cdc.gov. 13 בפברואר 2014. נבדק ב-28 בדצמבר 2014. {{cite web}}:  (עזרה)
1 2 3  "Symptoms of Oral Candidiasis". cdc.gov. 13 בפברואר 2014. נבדק ב-28 בדצמבר 2014. {{cite web}}:  (עזרה)
↑  "Symptoms of Genital / Vulvovaginal Candidiasis". cdc.gov. 13 בפברואר 2014. נבדק ב-28 בדצמבר 2014. {{cite web}}:  (עזרה)
↑  "Symptoms of Invasive Candidiasis". cdc.gov. 13 בפברואר 2014. נבדק ב-28 בדצמבר 2014. {{cite web}}:  (עזרה)
↑  "People at Risk for Invasive Candidiasis". cdc.gov. 13 בפברואר 2014. נבדק ב-28 בדצמבר 2014. {{cite web}}:  (עזרה)
↑  Dolin, [edited by] Gerald L. Mandell, John E. Bennett, Raphael (2010). Mandell, Douglas, and Bennett's principles and practice of infectious diseases (7th ed.). Philadelphia, PA: Churchill Livingstone/Elsevier. pp. Chapter 250. ISBN 978-0-443-06839-3. {{cite book}}: |first= has generic name (עזרה)
1 2 3  "Candidiasis: Clinical Presentation". Medscape. WebMD. 18 באוגוסט 2015. נבדק ב-22 ביוני 2016. {{cite web}}:  (עזרה)
1 2 3 4  "Candidiasis: predisposing factors, prevention, diagnosis and alternative treatment". Mycopathologia. 177 (5–6): 223–240. ביוני 2014. doi:10.1007/s11046-014-9749-1. PMID 24789109. Candida species and other microorganisms are involved in this complicated fungal infection, but Candida albicans continues to be the most prevalent. In the past two decades, it has been observed an abnormal overgrowth in the gastrointestinal, urinary and respiratory tracts, not only in immunocompromised patients but also related to nosocomial infections and even in healthy individuals. There is a wide variety of causal factors that contribute to yeast infection which means that candidiasis is a good example of a multifactorial syndrome. {{cite journal}}:  (עזרה)
↑  Fidel PL (2002). "Immunity to Candida". Oral Dis. 8: 69–75. doi:10.1034/j.1601-0825.2002.00015.x. PMID 12164664.
↑  Pappas PG (2006). "Invasive candidiasis". Infect. Dis. Clin. North Am. 20 (3): 485–506. doi:10.1016/j.idc.2006.07.004. PMID 16984866.
1 2  Textbook of gastroenterology (5th ed.). Chichester, West Sussex: Blackwell Pub. 2009. p. 814. ISBN 978-1-4051-6911-0.
↑  "Thrush". 2011. נבדק ב-2011-04-08.
↑  NHS: Symptoms of thrush in men (balanitis thrush)
1 2 3 4  "Small intestinal fungal overgrowth". Curr Gastroenterol Rep. 17 (4): 16. באפריל 2015. doi:10.1007/s11894-015-0436-2. PMID 25786900. Small intestinal fungal overgrowth (SIFO) is characterized by the presence of excessive number of fungal organisms in the small intestine associated with gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms. Candidiasis is known to cause GI symptoms particularly in immunocompromised patients or those receiving steroids or antibiotics. However, only recently, there is emerging literature that an overgrowth of fungus in the small intestine of non-immunocompromised subjects may cause unexplained GI symptoms. Two recent studies showed that 26 % (24/94) and 25.3 % (38/150) of a series of patients with unexplained GI symptoms had SIFO. The most common symptoms observed in these patients were belching, bloating, indigestion, nausea, diarrhea, and gas. The underlying mechanism(s) that predisposes to SIFO is unclear but small intestinal dysmotility and use of proton pump inhibitors has been implicated. However, further studies are needed; both to confirm these observations and to examine the clinical relevance of fungal overgrowth, both in healthy subjects and in patients with otherwise unexplained GI symptoms. ... For routine SIFO in an immunocompetent host, a 2–3 week oral course of fluconazole 100–200 mg will suffice. {{cite journal}}:  (עזרה)
1 2  Wang ZK, Yang YS, Stefka AT, Sun G, Peng LH (April 2014). "Review article: fungal microbiota and digestive diseases". Aliment. Pharmacol. Ther. 39 (8): 751–766. doi:10.1111/apt.12665. PMID 24612332. In addition, GI fungal infection is reported even among those patients with normal immune status. Digestive system-related fungal infections may be induced by both commensal opportunistic fungi and exogenous pathogenic fungi. The IFI in different GI sites have their special clinical features, which are often accompanied by various severe diseases. Although IFI associated with digestive diseases are less common, they can induce fatal outcomes due to less specificity of related symptoms, signs, endoscopic and imaging manifestations, and the poor treatment options. ... Candida sp. is also the most frequently identified species among patients with gastric IFI. ... Gastric IFI is often characterised by the abdominal pain and vomiting and with the endoscopic characteristics including gastric giant and multiple ulcers, stenosis, perforation, and fistula. For example, gastric ulcers combined with entogastric fungal infection, characterised by deep, large and intractable ulcers,[118] were reported as early as the 1930s. ... The overgrowth and colonisation of fungi in intestine can lead to diarrhoea.
↑  Bruce G. Wolff, ed. (2007). The ASCRS textbook of colon and rectal surgery. New York: Springer. pp. 241, 242, 245. ISBN 0-387-24846-3.
↑  Gouba; Drancourt (2015). "Digestive tract mycobiota: a source of infection". Médecine et Maladies Infectieuses. 45: 9–16. doi:10.1016/j.medmal.2015.01.007. PMID 25684583.
1 2  Mulley, A. G.; Goroll, A. H. (2006). Primary Care Medicine: office evaluation and management of the adult patient. Philadelphia: Wolters Kluwer Health. pp. 802–3. ISBN 0-7817-7456-X. נבדק ב-2008-11-23.
↑  Goehring, Richard V. (2008). Mims' medical microbiology (4th ed.). Philadelphia, PA: Mosby Elsevier. p. 656. ISBN 978-0-323-04475-2.
1 2  MedlinePlus, Vaginal yeast infection
↑  "Chronic vaginal candidiasis. Management in the postmenopausal patient". Drugs Aging. 16 (5): 335–9. במאי 2000. doi:10.2165/00002512-200016050-00003. PMID 10917071. {{cite journal}}:  (עזרה)
↑  "Bench-to-bedside review: therapeutic management of invasive candidiasis in the intensive care unit". Critical Care. 14 (6): 244. בדצמבר 2010. doi:10.1186/cc9239. PMID 21144007. {{cite journal}}:  (עזרה)
↑  Odds FC (1987). "Candida infections: an overview". Crit. Rev. Microbiol. 15 (1): 1–5. doi:10.3109/10408418709104444. PMID 3319417.
1 2  "Oral candidiasis". Postgraduate Medical Journal. 78 (922): 455–9. באוגוסט 2002. doi:10.1136/pmj.78.922.455. PMC 1742467. PMID 12185216. {{cite journal}}:  (עזרה)
↑  "Colonisation of extragenital sites by Candida in women with recurrent vulvovaginal candidosis". BJOG. 110 (10): 934–7. באוקטובר 2003. doi:10.1111/j.1471-0528.2003.01445.x. PMID 14550364. {{cite journal}}:  (עזרה)
1 2  Schiefer HG (1997). "Mycoses of the urogenital tract". Mycoses. 40 (Suppl 2): 33–6. doi:10.1111/j.1439-0507.1997.tb00561.x. PMID 9476502.
↑  "Genital colonisation and infection with candida in heterosexual and homosexual males". Genitourin Med. 73 (5): 394–6. באוקטובר 1997. doi:10.1136/sti.73.5.394. PMC 1195901. PMID 9534752. {{cite journal}}:  (עזרה)
↑  Donders, Gilbert G.G.; Vereecken, Annie; Bosmans, Eugene; Dekeersmaecker, Alfons; Salembier, Geert; Spitz, Bernard (2002).
↑  "Over-the-counter antifungal drug misuse associated with patient-diagnosed vulvovaginal candidiasis". Obstetrics and Gynecology. 99 (3): 419–425. במרץ 2002. doi:10.1016/S0029-7844(01)01759-8. PMID 11864668. {{cite journal}}:  (עזרה)
↑  Srikumar Chakravarthi; Nagaraja HS (2010). "A comprehensive review of the occurrence and management of systemic candidiasis as an opportunistic infection". Microbiology Journal. 1 (2): 1–5. ISSN 2153-0696.
↑  "Candidiasis: Workup". Medscape. WebMD. 18 באוגוסט 2015. נבדק ב-22 ביוני 2016. {{cite web}}:  (עזרה)
↑  Mobley, David P. Cappelli, Connie C. (2008). Prevention in clinical oral health care. St. Louis, Mo.: Mosby Elsevier. p. 254. ISBN 9780323036955.
↑  "People at Risk for Genital / Vulvovaginal Candidiasis". cdc.gov. 13 בפברואר 2014. נבדק ב-28 בדצמבר 2014. {{cite web}}:  (עזרה)
1 2 3  "Risk & Prevention". cdc.gov. 13 בפברואר 2014. נבדק ב-28 בדצמבר 2014. {{cite web}}:  (עזרה)
1 2 3  "Clinical inquiries. Can probiotics safely prevent recurrent vaginitis?". The Journal of family practice. 61 (6): 357, 368. ביוני 2012. PMID 22670239. {{cite journal}}:  (עזרה)
↑  Falagas, ME; Betsi, GI; Athanasiou, S (באוגוסט 2006). "Probiotics for prevention of recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis: a review". The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy. 58 (2): 266–72. doi:10.1093/jac/dkl246. PMID 16790461. Thus, the available evidence for the use of probiotics for prevention of recurrent VVC is limited {{cite journal}}:  (עזרה)
1 2  "Executive Summary: Clinical Practice Guideline for the Management of Candidiasis: 2016 Update by the Infectious Diseases Society of America". Clin. Infect. Dis. 62 (4): 409–417. 2016. doi:10.1093/cid/civ1194. PMID 26810419.
1 2  "Treatment & Outcomes of Oral Candidiasis". cdc.gov. 13 בפברואר 2014. נבדק ב-28 בדצמבר 2014. {{cite web}}:  (עזרה)
1 2  "The role of lactobacillus probiotics in the treatment or prevention of urogenital infections--a systematic review". Journal of chemotherapy (Florence, Italy). 21 (3): 243–52. ביוני 2009. doi:10.1179/joc.2009.21.3.243. PMID 19567343. {{cite journal}}:  (עזרה)
↑  "Fungicidal Activity of Fluconazole against Candida albicans in a Synthetic Vagina-Simulative Medium". Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 48 (1): 161–7. 2004. doi:10.1128/AAC.48.1.161-167.2004. PMC 310176. PMID 14693534.
1 2 3  "Vaginal yeast infections during pregnancy". Canadian Family Physician. 55 (3): 255–6. מרץ 2009. PMC 2654841. PMID 19282531. {{cite journal}}:  (עזרה)
↑  "Systemic candidiasis". NIH.gov. U.S. DHHS, National Institute of Health. אוק' 2014. נבדק ב-19 באפריל 2015. {{cite web}}:  (עזרה)
↑  "Pathogenesis and treatment of oral candidosis". Journal of oral microbiology. 3. 28 ינו' 2011. doi:10.3402/jom.v3i0.5771. PMC 3087208. PMID 21547018. {{cite journal}}:  (עזרה)
↑  Bouquot, Brad W. Neville, Douglas D. Damm, Carl M. Allen, Jerry E. (2002). Oral & maxillofacial pathology (2. ed.). Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders. pp. 189–197. ISBN 0-7216-9003-3.
↑  "Oral candidiasis: pathogenesis, clinical presentation, diagnosis and treatment strategies". Journal of the California Dental Association. 41 (4): 263–8. באפריל 2013. PMID 23705242. {{cite journal}}:  (עזרה)
↑  "Oral Candidiasis Statistics". cdc.gov. 13 בפברואר 2014. נבדק ב-28 בדצמבר 2014. {{cite web}}:  (עזרה)
↑  "Genital / vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC)". cdc.gov. 13 בפברואר 2014. נבדק ב-28 בדצמבר 2014. {{cite web}}:  (עזרה)
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בקרת זהויות :  NLI: 987007283369105171  BNE: XX540703  BnF: cb11934857m (data)  GND: 4181844-1  LCCN: sh85019565  NDL: 00576756  NKC: ph121429  SUDOC: 02727070X 
הבהרה: המידע בוויקיפדיה נועד להעשרה בלבד ואינו מהווה ייעוץ רפואי.
קנדידיאזיס בעור
קנדידיאזיס בציפורניים (פטרת הציפורניים)
זיהום שמרים בנרתיק
אגר בצלחת תרבית של Candida albicans
תפטיר מדומה של Candida albican מוקף בתאים אפיתליים של הנרתיק
דגימת Candida בוושט