גל השרפות באוסטרליה (2019–2020)
הערות שוליים

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8  Parliament of Australia, "2019–20 Australian bushfires—frequently asked questions: a quick guide", March 12 2020
1 2 3  John Pickrell, ‏Smoke from Australia's bushfires killed far more people than the fires did, study says, Guardian, March 20, 2020
1 2 3  Michelle Ward et al., "Impact of 2019–2020 mega-fires on Australian fauna habitat", Nature, Ecology and Evolution, July 2020
1 2 3  AFAC on Twitter, February 27 2020
1 2  The Weekly Times, "Nation unites to say thanks, but threat remains", January 22 2020
↑  מצב חירום באוסטרליה: "הגרוע ביותר עוד לפנינו", באתר ynet, 2 בינואר 2020
↑  WWF Report, Australia's 2019–2020 Bushfires: The Wildlife Tolls, July 24 2020, pp. 2
1 2  Australian Government, Geoscience Australia, Bushfire
1 2  Year Book Australia, 1995 (ABS Catalogue No. 1301.0), Bushfires: An Integral Part of Australia's Environment
↑  Beth Gott, "Aboriginal Fire Management in South-Eastern Australia: Aims and Frequency", Journal of Biogeography, Jul., 2005, Vol. 32, No. 7
↑  העולם היום-שיחה עם פרופסור לאה ויטנברג על השרפות באוסטרליה, כאן 11, 14 בינואר 2020
↑  Tim Flannery, The Future Eaters, (Grove Press: 2002)
1 2  Australian Climate Council, "'This is Not Normal': Climate Change and Escalating Bushfire Risk", November 12 2019, pp. 1-2
↑  Australian Government, Bureau of Meteorology, State of the Climate 2018
↑  UN Environment Programme, "Are “megafires” the new normal?", January 10, 2020
1 2 3  Kevin Nguyen, Tim Brunero, Sarah Thomas, Daniel Keane and Nicole Mills, "The truth about Australia's fires — arsonists aren't responsible for many this season", ABC News, January 17 2020
↑  Kevin Nguyen, Philippa McDonald and Maryanne Taouk, Anatomy of a ‘mega-blaze’, ABC News, July 26 2020
↑  Australian Climate Council, "Summer of Crisis", 2020, pp. 4
1 2  Australian Climate Council, "Summer of Crisis", 2020, pp. 3-5
↑  שני אשכנזי, ‏כשצונאמי של אש הופך יבשת לגיהנום, והסוף לא נראה באופק, באתר גלובס, 8 בינואר 2020
1 2  אור אליאסון, "למה אוסטרליה בוערת?", אתר מכון דוידסון, 31 בדצמבר 2019
↑  Australian Climate Council, "Dangerous Summer: Escalating Bushfire, Heat and Drought Risk", 2019, pp. 9-13
↑  רן בן-מיכאל, לא בוער להם, באתר העין השביעית, 4 בדצמבר 2019
↑  Australian Climate Council, "Dangerous Summer: Escalating Bushfire, Heat and Drought Risk", 2019, pp. 17-18
↑  Australian Climate Council, "Dangerous Summer: Escalating Bushfire, Heat and Drought Risk", 2019, pp. 14-15
↑  Andree Withey, "Bushfire season starts early across northern Australia due to ongoing hot, dry conditions", ABC News, June 26 2019
↑  Northern Star, "Watch and Act still in place for out of control fires", September 7 2019
↑  Ruby Prosser Scully, "Fires devastating Australia’s east coast have arrived unusually early", September 16 2019
↑  ABC News, "Bushfire at Drake downgraded as conditions ease following southerly change", September 16 2019
↑  NSW Department of Planning, Industry and Environment, "Understanding the effects of the 2019–20 fires", last updated May 22 2020
1 2  איתמר מרגלית, השרפות באוסטרליה: מטוס כיבוי התרסק, שלושה נהרגו, באתר כאן – תאגיד השידור הישראלי, 23 בינואר 2020
↑  Lisa Cox and Nick Evershed, ‏'It's heart-wrenching': 80% of Blue Mountains and 50% of Gondwana rainforests burn in bushfires, Guardian, January 16 2020
↑  Georgina Woods, "Unprecedented Fires Are Transforming Unique Australian Ecosystems", Earth Island Journal, January 15 2020
↑  Victoria State Government, "Victoria’s bushfire emergency: Biodiversity response and recovery", last updated June 30 2020
↑  ABC News, "Huge East Gippsland bushfire that burned for three months finally declared 'contained'", February 19 2020
1 2  Charis Chang, "The devastating toll of Australia’s bushfires revealed", The Chronicle, March 11 2020
↑  Christopher Brito, "Australian bushfires are creating "pyrocumulonimbus" thunderstorms that can start more fires", December 30 2020
↑  Graham Readfearn, ‏Canberra experiences worst air quality on record as bushfire smoke from south coast sets in, Guardian, January 1 2020
↑  BBC News, "Australia fires: A visual guide to the bushfire crisis", 31 January 2020
↑  Todd Woody, "Koalas and other marsupials struggle to recover from Australia’s bushfires", National Geographic, July 17 2020
↑  WWF Interim Report, "Australia’s 2019–2020 Bushfires: The Wildlife Toll", July 24 2020
1 2  The University of Sydney News, "Fauna extinction listings may jump 14 percent after 2019-20 fires", July 22 2020
1 2  Brendan A. Wintle, Sarah Legge, and John C.Z. Woinarski, "After the Megafires: What Next for Australian Wildlife?", Trends in Ecology & Evolution 14 July 2020
↑  WWF, New WWF report: 3 billion animals impacted by Australia’s bushfire crisis, July 28 2020
↑   הגרדיאן, "מאסונות הטבע הקשים בהיסטוריה": 3 מיליארד בעלי חיים נפגעו בשרפות באוסטרליה, באתר הארץ, 29 ביולי 2020
↑  John Pickrell, "Will Australia’s forests bounce back after devastating fires?", ScienceNews, FEBRUARY 11, 2020
↑  David M.J.S. Bowman et al., "Abrupt fire regime change may cause landscape‐wide loss of mature obligate seeder forests", Global Change Biology 20(3): 1008-1015
↑  Nicolas Borchers Arriagada et al., "Unprecedented smoke‐related health burden associated with the 2019–20 bushfires in eastern Australia", The Medical Journal of Australia, research letter
↑  ABC, "How heat and drought turned Australia into a tinderbox", February 19 2020
1 2 3 4  UN Environement Programme, "Ten impacts of the Australian bushfires", January 22 2020
↑  עומר כביר, באוסטרליה מתעקשים לשחק טניס - ונחנקים מעשן השרפות המשתוללות, באתר כלכליסט, 15 בינואר 2020
↑  Copernicus Programme, "Wildfires continue to rage in Australia", January 6 2020
1 2  Denise Chow with NBC News Tech and Science News, "Australia wildfire emissions push scientists to ask: How much more Earth can take?", Euronews, January 22 2020
↑  Insurance Journal, "Insured Losses for 2019/2020 Australia Bushfires Estimated at A$1.9B (US$1.3B): PERILS", July 7 2020
1 2  The Sydney Morning Herald, "Editorial: Experts recount cost of bushfires and government must listen", May 28 2020
↑  Mark Thirlwell MAICD, "The ongoing impact of bushfires on the Australian economy", Australian Institute of Company Directors, March 1 2020
↑  Paul Read and Richard Denniss, "With costs approaching $100 billion, the fires are Australia’s costliest natural disaster", The Conversation, January 16 2020
↑  Richard Flanagan, "How Does a Nation Adapt to Its Own Murder?", The New York Times, January 25 2020
↑  BBC Sport, "World Rally Championship: Rally Australia cancelled due to bushfires", November 12 2019
↑  CFA sends over 300 personnel to NSW bushfires
↑  South Australia Country Fire Service, Media Release, "SA to send more help to NSW", November 8 2019
↑  Lucy Stone, "Time to 'repay the favour' as Queensland sends firefighters south", Brisbane Times, January 3 2020
↑  Jess Davis, "Critical cross-border interstate communication missing at height of Black Summer bushfires", ABC News, May 31 2020
↑  Anne Davies, ‏Australian bushfires: how the Morrison government failed to heed warnings of catastrophe, Guardian, June 2 2020
1 2  Australian Government Department of Defence, "Operation Bushfire Assist concludes" (press release), March 26 2020
↑  Mike Foley, "PM calls up reservists for firefighting effort", The Sydney Morning Herald, January 4 2020
↑  Prime Minister of Australia, Media Release December 24 2020
↑  Prime Minister of Australia, Media Release December 29 2020
↑  Australian Government, Department of Defence, "Bushfire relief and recovery" (press release), January 4 2020
↑  Erica Chayes Wida, "Australian government airdrops more than 4K pounds of food to hungry animals", Today, January 13 2020
↑  Kim Bellware, "Australia is air-dropping vegetables from helicopters to feed animals stranded by wildfires", The Washington Post, January 13 2020
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8  Australian Government, Department of Defence, "Operation Bushfire Assist 2019-2020", March 13 2020
↑  Animal Evac New Zealand, "Animal Evac New Zealand has finished its deployment of volunteers to rescue animals affected by the Australia Fires"
↑  Richard Ewart and Erin Handley, "Pacific nations Vanuatu and PNG pledge aid for Australia's bushfires", ABC News, January 5 2020
↑  USAID, "Australia", updated June 16, 2020
↑  National Interagency Fire Center, "United States Resources Mobilized to Australia", updated March 3, 2020
↑  National Post Staff, "Canada sends more fire specialists to Australia to help battle blazes, 95 to be deployed as of Monday", The National Post, January 5 2020
↑  National Bushfire Recovery Agency Website, "Funding", retrieved August 2 2020
↑  Anna Henderson, "Bushfire donations topped $282 million between three major charities — almost half's still in the bank", ABC News, June 8 2020
↑  דנית צמית, מקווין ועד דיקפריו: האמנים נרתמים למען אוסטרליה, באתר ynet, 13 בינואר 2020
↑  Jodie Stephens and Dominica Sanda, "Fire Fight Australia concert raises almost $10 million for bushfire relief", 7News, February 17 2020
↑  Alex Chapman, "Celeste Barber's Facebook fundraising total of $50 million breaks world record", 7News, January 10 2020
↑  BBC News, "Celeste Barber: Australian court rules bushfire donations cannot be split", May 25 2020
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