השפעות של קנאביס
הערות שוליים

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14  COMMITTEE’S CONCLUSIONS, National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
↑  Z. F. Zhang, H. Morgenstern, M. R. Spitz, D. P. Tashkin, G. P. Yu, J. R. Marshall, T. C. Hsu, S. P. Schantz, Marijuana use and increased risk of squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck, Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention: A Publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, Cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology 8, 1999-12, עמ' 1071–1078 Marijuana use and increased risk of squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck
1 2  The Health Effects of Cannabis and Cannabinoids: The Current State of Evidence and Recommendations for Research, National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
1 2  Lack of conclusive evidence on marijuana’s health effects poses public health risk, אוניברסיטת הרווארד
↑  [http://www.nationalacademies.org/hmd/~/media/Files/Report%20Files/2017/Cannabis-Health-Effects/Cannabis-report-highlights.pdf The Health Effects of
Cannabis and Cannabinoids], National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
1 2 3 4  L. Anderson, PharmD, Cannabis, drugs.com
↑  שיחות על שינה וחלימה, פרק ג
1 2  Teen brain volume changes with small amount of cannabis use, study finds, Science Daily
↑   מלקולם פרגוסון, אטלנטיק, המריחואנה היום חזקה. חזקה מדי, באתר הארץ, 4 בספטמבר 2024
↑  Harold Kalant, Adverse effects of cannabis on health: an update of the literature since 1996, Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology & Biological Psychiatry 28, 2004-08, עמ' 849–863 doi: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2004.05.027
1 2  US CA: Column: Marijuana Smoking Does Not Cause Lung Cancer, Media Awareness Project, Marijuana Smoking Does Not Cause Lung Cancer, Anderson Valley Advertiser, Fred Gardner, 2006-07-06
↑  Heavy habitual marijuana smoking does not cause an accelerated decline in FEV1 with age, D.P. Tashkin et al., Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med., volume 155, issue 1, January 1997, 141-148, ATS Journals: Home, www.atsjournals.org
1 2  "Study Finds No Cancer-Marijuana Connection" (באנגלית אמריקאית). נבדק ב-2021-01-26.,Study finds no marijuana-lung cancer link, Washington Post, 2006-05-26, Retrieved on 2006-07-13
1 2 3 4 5 6 7  Pharmacology and effects of cannabis: a brief review, C. HEATHER ASHTON, FRCP, Emeritus Professor of Clinical Psychopharmacology
University of Newcastle upon Tyne, Department of Psychiatry, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne NEI 4LP. full text
1 2  Adverse health effects of non-medical cannabis use, Science Direct
1 2  Adverse health effects of non-medical cannabis use, sciencedirect
1 2 3  Cannabis and cognitive dysfunction: Parallels with endophenotypes of schizophrenia?
↑  N. Solowij, R. S. Stephens, R. A. Roffman, T. Babor, R. Kadden, M. Miller; K. Christiansen, B. McRee, and J. Vendetti, "Cognitive Functioning of Long-term Heavy Cannabis Users Seeking Treatment", J. Am. Med. Assoc., Vol. 287, No. 9 (2002) abstract
1 2 3 4 5  Harold Kalant, Adverse effects of cannabis on health: an update of the literature since 1996., Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry, 5 28, Elsevier, 2004, עמ' 849-863 doi: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2004.05.027
↑  אלי לאון, עישון מריחואנה - לא צעד חכם, ישראל היום, 29 באוגוסט 2012
↑  Poulton et al., Persistent cannabis users show neuropsychological decline from childhood to midlife, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences in the United States of America, 2012 Jul 30, PMID 22927402
↑  Ole Rogeberg, ערעור על מתודולוגיית מחקרה של מדלין מאייר
↑  Claire Mokrysz, לא נמצא קשר בין שימוש מתון בקנביס וירידה באינטיליגנציה
1 2  King's College London - Department of Mathematics, www.kcl.ac.uk The Dangers of Cannabis, 2003, Retrieved on 2006-12-04, Professor Ray Streater
↑  Cannabis and Schizophrenia: A Longitudinal Study of Swedish Conscripts, S. Andreasson et al., The Lancet, 1987volume 2, 1483-1486
↑  Causal association between cannabis and psychosis: examination of the evidence, L. Arseneault et al. The British Journal of Psychiatry, 2004, volume=184, 110-117The British Journal of Psychiatry | Cambridge Core, Cambridge Core (באנגלית)
↑  ד"ר מוטי משיח על קנביס רפואי בדיון בכנסת
↑  Language in schizophrenia Part 1: an Introduction, USA, The National Center for Biotechnology Information
↑  Cécile Henquet, Lydia Krabbendam, Janneke Spauwen, Charles Kaplan, Roselind Lieb, Hans-Ulrich Wittchen and Jim van Os, Prospective cohort study of cannabis use, predisposition for psychosis, and psychotic symptoms in young people, British Medical Journal, 2004, volume 330, issue 11
↑  G C Patton, Carolyn Coffey, J B Carlin, Louisa Degenhardt, Micheal Lynskey and Wayne HallCannabis use and mental health in young people: cohort study, British Medical Journal, 2005, volume 325,issue 1195
↑  Louise Arseneault, Mary Cannon, Richie Poulton, Robin Murray, Avshalom Caspi, Terrie E Moffitt, Cannabis use in adolescence and risk for adult psychosis: longitudinal prospective study, British Medical Journal, 2002,
↑  Avshalom Caspi, Terrie E. Moffitt, Mary Cannon, Joseph McClay, Robin Murray, HonaLee Harrington, Alan Taylor, Louise Arseneault, Ben Williams, Antony Braithwaite, Richie Poulton, and Ian W. Craig "Moderation of the Effect of Adolescent-Onset Cannabis Use on Adult Psychosis by a Functional Polymorphism in the catechol-O-Methyltransferase Gene: Longitudinal Evidence of a Gene X Environment Interaction", Society of Biological Psychiatry, January 2005,
↑  יעל (פרוינד) אברהם, פסיכיאטרים חוששים: הדיון בקנביס רפואי אינו מכיר בנזקיו, באתר מקור ראשון, ‏5\19\2019
↑  Daniel Freeman and Jason Freeman, Cannabis really can trigger paranoia, הגארדיאן, ‏16.7.14
↑  Cannabis during pregnancy, Netdoctor.uk Cannabis during pregnancy, Netdoctor, ‏2014-08-07 (באנגלית)
↑  David A. A. Baranger ואחרים, Association of Mental Health Burden With Prenatal Cannabis Exposure From Childhood to Early Adolescence, JAMA Pediatrics, ‏September 12, 2022
↑  שימוש בקנאביס במהלך ההריון נקשר להפרעות נפשיות בילדים | דוקטורס אונלי Doctors Only, באתר דוקטורס אונלי Doctors Only, ‏3 באוגוסט 2022
↑  J.S. Hayes, R. Lampart, M.C. Dreher, L. Morgan, Five-year follow-up of rural Jamaican children whose mothers used marijuana during pregnancy, West Indian Medical Journal, volume 40, issue 3, 120-3
↑  M.C. Dreher, K. Nugent, R. Hudgins, Prenatal Marijuana Exposure and Neonatal Outcomes in Jamaica: An Ethnographic Study, Pediatrics, 1994, volume 93, issue 3, 254-260
↑  Damiano Pizzol, Jacopo Demurtas, Brendon Stubbs, Pinar Soysal, Relationship Between Cannabis Use and Erectile Dysfunction: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis:, American Journal of Men's Health, 2019-12-03 doi: 10.1177/1557988319892464
↑  Carrie Cuttler, Emily M. LaFrance, and Rebecca M. Craft, A Large-Scale Naturalistic Examination of the Acute Effects of Cannabis on Pain
↑  אדיר ינקו, יותר מתחושה, ידיעות אחרונות 25.2.2021, גיליון 25028, עמ' 15
↑  Cannabis-In-Cachexia-Study-Group; Strasser F, Luftner D, Possinger K, Ernst G, Ruhstaller T, Meissner W, Ko YD, Schnelle M, Reif M, Cerny T.
Comparison of orally administered cannabis extract and delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol in treating patients with cancer-related anorexia-cachexia syndrome: a multicenter, phase III, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial from the Cannabis-In-Cachexia-Study-Group. J Clin Oncol. 2006 Jul 20;24(21):3394-400.
↑  Sativex Oromucosal Spray
↑  Felipe V. Gomes, Plinio C. Casarotto, Leonardo B. M. Resstel, Francisco S. Guimarães, Facilitation of CB1 receptor-mediated neurotransmission decreases marble burying behavior in mice, Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology & Biological Psychiatry 35, 2011-03-30, עמ' 434–438 doi: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2010.11.027
↑  Felipe V. Gomes
1
, Plinio C. Casarotto⁎
,1
, Leonardo B.M. Resstel, Francisco S. Guimarães, Facilitation of CB1 receptor-mediated neurotransmission decreases marble burying
behavior in mice, Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology & Biological Psychiatry 35 (2011) 434–438
↑  Cannabis compound benefits blood vessels, Nature
↑  Cannabinoid Receptor 2 Participates in Amyloid-β Processing in a Mouse Model of Alzheimer’s Disease but Plays a Minor Role in the Therapeutic Properties of a Cannabis-Based Medicine, IOS
↑  Fish, Jefferson M. (2006). Drugs and Society: U.S. Public Policy. Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield. pp. 149–162. ISBN 0742542459.
↑  Recreational Drug Toxicity, באתר Claremont Graduate University
↑  Hemp is less toxic than alcohol or tobacco
↑  Hal Arkowitz, Scott O. Lilienfeld, Experts Tell the Truth about Pot, Scientific American (באנגלית)
↑  Marijuana and Medicine: Assessing The Science Base, J.E. Joy, S. J. Watson, Jr., and J.A. Benson, Jr; Washington D.C, United States National Academy of Sciences, National Academy of Sciences Press, 1999
↑  Erowid Experience Vaults: Cannabis Reports in category: Addiction & Habituation, www.erowid.org
Erowid - Anecdotal reports of cannabs habituation
↑  Perinatal exposure to delta(9)-tetra... [Neuropsychopharmacology. 2006] - PubMed - NCBI
↑   Bass CE, Martin BR, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Virginia, Virginia Commonwealth University, P.O. Box 980613, Richmond, VA 23298, USA.
↑  1998 INSERM-CNRS report, directed by Pr. Bernard Roques and commissioned by Health Secretary of State Bernard Kouchner Hemp is less toxic than alcohol or tobacco, www.chanvre-info.ch (באנגלית)drogue politique, www.esculape.com (ארכיון)
↑  , UK government report, House of Commons Science and Technology Committee, 2006-07-18, Retrieved on 2006-08-29
↑  K.M. HonoÂrio, L.G. Freitas, M. Trsic, A.B.F. da Silva, A quantum chemical study on the psychoactivity of
cannabinoid compounds, J. Of Molec. Structure (Theochem) 538 (2001) pp. 99-106 PDF
↑  K. Nicolay, J. F. G. Vliegenthart, G. A. Veldink, P. R. Bär, W. B. Veldhuis, M. van der Stelt, Neuroprotection by Δ9-Tetrahydrocannabinol, the Main Active Compound in Marijuana, against Ouabain-Induced In Vivo Excitotoxicity, Journal of Neuroscience 21, 2001-09-01, עמ' 6475–6479 doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.21-17-06475.2001 Neuroprotection by 9-Tetrahydrocannabinol, the Main Active Compound in Marijuana, against Ouabain-Induced In Vivo Excitotoxicity, M. van der Stelt, W. B. Veldhuis, P. R. Bär, G. A. Veldink1, J. F. G. Vliegenthart, and K. Nicolay, The Journal of Neuroscience, September 1, 2001
↑  Principles of Medical Pharmacology 6th edition, H.K. Kalant & W.H.E. Roschlau, 1998 pages 373-375
↑  Adverse Effects of Cannabis W. Hall, N. Solowij, "The Lancet" Nov 1998,1611-6, volume 352
1 2  Home, Cannabis MD- Medical Cannabis-Marijuana Community (באנגלית) Medical Marijuana Patien Use and Cultivation Limits, Martin Martinez
↑  Block RI, Farinpour R & Braverman K.,Acute effects of marijuana on cognition: relationships to chronic effects and smoking techniques, Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behaviour, 1992, volume 43(3), 907-917
↑  Block RI, Erwin W, Farinpour R & Braverman K., Sedative, Stimulant, and Other Subjective Effects of Marijuana, Relationships to Smoking Techniques, Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behaviour, 1997, volume 59(2), pages 405-412
↑  , Mackie K., University of Washington
↑  Erowid Cannabis Vault : Chemistry, www.erowid.org, Cannabis Chemistry, Retrieved on 2006-03-20, Erowid
הבהרה: המידע בוויקיפדיה נועד להעשרה בלבד ואינו מהווה ייעוץ רפואי.
חשיש. התרסקותו לחתיכות קטנות מעידה על כך שהוא מאיכות ירודה.
עמודה אופקית מהווה את היחס בין מנה פעילה לבין מנה קטלנית, עמודה אנכית מהווה את פוטנציאל ההתמכרות.
מבנה מולקולת ה-THC
מבנה מולקולת ה-THCV
מבנה מולקולת הקנאבידיול
מבנה מולקולת הקנאבינול