סגווארו
הערות שוליים

↑  סגווארו באתר הרשימה האדומה של IUCN
↑  האנציקלופדיה העברית כרך כ"ח עמ' 508
↑  Notes on the Cereus giganteus of South Eastern California and some other Californian Cactaceae . In: American Journal of Science and Arts. 2
↑  N. L. Britton, J. N. Rose: A new genus of Cactaceae.  In: Journal of the New York Botanical Garden
↑  "Life Cycle of the Saguaro" (PDF). Arizona-Sonora Desert Museum. 2008. נבדק ב-2013-12-04.
↑  "Windstorm Fells 78-Foot Cactus--Tallest in World". נבדק ב-2015-08-04.
↑  English, N. B.; Dettman, D. L.; Sandquist, D. R.; Williams, D. G. (2007). "Past climate changes and ecophysiological responses recorded in the isotope ratios of saguaro cactus spines". Oecologia. 154 (2): 247. doi:10.1007/s00442-007-0832-x.
↑  Saguaro: Freak of nature, by Tom Beal, in the Arizona Daily Star; published February 27, 2016; retrieved March 11, 2016
↑  Michael J. Sanderson, Dario Copetti, Alberto Búrquez, Enriquena Bustamante, Exceptional reduction of the plastid genome of saguaro cactus (Carnegiea gigantea): Loss of the ndh gene suite and inverted repeat, American Journal of Botany 102, 2015-07-01, עמ' 1115–1127 doi: 10.3732/ajb.1500184
↑  Mark Elbroch; Eleanor Marie Marks; C. Diane Boretos (2001). Bird tracks and sign. Stackpole Books. p. 311. ISBN 0-8117-2696-7. Cavities in saguaro cactuses in the Southwest are common. Both gilded flickers and gila woodpeckers make these cavities for nesting but they often choose different locations on the cactus. The stouter bills of the gilded flickers allow them to cut cavities through the wooden ribls near the top of the cactus where the ribs converge. Gila woodpeckers stay at midlevel on the cactus where the ribs are separated enough to cut a cavity between them. Cavities in saguaros are cut out by these birds the year before they are inhabited. The excavated cactus secretes a fluid that hardens into a scab, thus preventing water loss, which could kill the cactus, as well as waterproofing the inside of the next cavity.
↑  Making a Home among the Saguaros
↑  "Gila woodpecker". Nature Conservancy. אורכב מ-המקור ב-2016-12-15. נבדק ב-2011-01-24. Although they do not use them immediately, waiting first for the sap to harden, Gila woodpeckers excavate cavities in cacti and trees as nesting sites. Females typically lay two broods a year of three to five eggs, which incubate for 14 days. Once abandoned, the cavities are occupied by reptiles, rodents, and small birds like kestrels, elf owls, flycatchers and wrens. In the desert, the woodpeckers perform the important ecological function of removing unhealthy flesh from the saguaro cactus. Some insects on which it feeds carry diseases, harmless to the bird, which damage the cactus and leave discolorations. The marks signal larvae to the bird, and as it excavates the insects, it also cuts away the diseased tissue. As the sap hardens, the cactus is healed, and the excavation becomes a convenient nesting site.
↑  Steven J Phillips and Patricia Comus, A Natural History of the Sonoran Desert
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בקרת זהויות :  NLI: 987007551061805171  LCCN: sh85116496  NKC: ph138834 
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