הנוריות של חמה
הערות שוליים

↑  Samman, Mahmod (2006) Noria al-Muhammadiya: Historic Mechanical Engineering Landmark. American Society of Mechanical Engineers
1 2 3 4  ‘The Water Wheels of Hama’, Historical Knowledge, National Museum of Denmark
1 2 3 4  Hafian, Waal ‘Norias of Hama’ in Discover Islamic Art, Museum With No Frontiers, 2021.
↑  Samman, Mahmod (2006) Noria al-Muhammadiya: Historic Mechanical Engineering Landmark. American Society of Mechanical Engineers. pp. 5, 7
↑  ‘Discovery of oldest representation of a water wheel on a Roman mosaic from Apamea’, News 13/1/2021, University of Warsaw
↑  Al-Hassan, Ahmad & Hill, Donald (1986) Islamic Technology, an Illustrated History. UNESCO pp. 6-7
↑  Al Dbiyat, Mohamed (2009) ‘Les norias de Hama sur l'Oronte, un système traditionnel original de l'utilisation de l'eau fluviale’, in Gestion durable et équitable de l’eau douce en Méditerranée, mémoire et traditions, avenir et solutions, Conference proceedings from Cinquièmes Rencontres Internationales Monaco et la Méditerranée Monaco, 26–28 March 2009. pp. 196-197
1 2 3 4  ‘On Syria river, craftsmen revive famed water wheels’, The Arab Weekly, 8/7/2020
1 2 3 4  Samman, Mahmod (2006) Noria al-Muhammadiya: Historic Mechanical Engineering Landmark. American Society of Mechanical Engineers. pp. 5-6
1 2 3 4 5  Samman (2006) p.8
↑  Al Dbiyat, Mohamed (2009) ‘Les norias de Hama sur l'Oronte, un système traditionnel original de l'utilisation de l'eau fluviale’, in Gestion durable et équitable de l’eau douce en Méditerranée, mémoire et traditions, avenir et solutions, Conference proceedings from Cinquièmes Rencontres Internationales Monaco et la Méditerranée Monaco, 26–28 March 2009. p. 201
1 2 3  Al Dbiyat (2009) p. 200
↑  Al Dbiyat (2009) p. 198
↑  Al Dbiyat (2009) p. 203
↑  Al Dbiyat (2009) p. 204
↑  Al-Hassan, Ahmad & Hill, Donald (1986) Islamic Technology, an Illustrated History. UNESCO. pp. 85-86
↑  Samman, Mahmod (2006) Noria al-Muhammadiya: Historic Mechanical Engineering Landmark. American Society of Mechanical Engineers. p. 7
1 2  Samman, Mahmod (2006) Noria al-Muhammadiya: Historic Mechanical Engineering Landmark. American Society of Mechanical Engineers. p. 2
↑  Al-Hassan, Ahmad & Hill, Donald (1986) Islamic Technology, an Illustrated History. UNESCO. p. 41
1 2  Laxey Wheel
↑  "BBC - Seven Wonders". www.bbc.co.uk. Retrieved 2021-05-03.
1 2  Al Dbiyat, Mohamed (2009) ‘Les norias de Hama sur l'Oronte, un système traditionnel original de l'utilisation de l'eau fluviale’, in Gestion durable et équitable de l’eau douce en Méditerranée, mémoire et traditions, avenir et solutions, Conference proceedings from Cinquièmes Rencontres Internationales Monaco et la Méditerranée Monaco, 26–28 March 2009. p. 206
↑  Al Dbiyat (2009) pp. 207-208
↑  Al Dbiyat (2009) p. 208
1 2  1982 Hama massacre
↑  Seale, Patrick (1988) Asad of Syria: the Struggle for the Middle East. London: I.B. Tauris. pp 333-334
↑  Bara Sarraj (2012) ‘Hama: Post-Massacre’
1 2  Al Khalidi, Suleiman ‘Survivors of Syria’s Hama massacre wait and hope’. Reuters 7/7/2011
↑  Samman (2006) p. 4
↑  ‘Hama’s Majestic Norias’ 10/6/2016
↑  ‘Waterwheel diving in Hama, Syria’, YouTube 2005
↑  Centre, UNESCO World Heritage. "Noréas de Hama". UNESCO World Heritage Centre. Retrieved 2021-05-03.
↑  Siege of Hama (2011)
↑  American Association for the Advancement of Science (2014) Ancient History, Modern Destruction: Assessing the Status of Syria’s Tentative World Heritage Sites Using High Resolution Satellite Imagery. Section 3
↑  UNESCO Observatory of Syrian Cultural Heritage