היפרפיגמנטציה
הערות שוליים

↑  "Hyperpigmentation". Dermatalogic Disease Database. American Osteopathic College of Dermatology. נבדק ב-2006-03-08.
↑  Rapini, Ronald P.; Bolognia, Jean L.; Jorizzo, Joseph L. (2007). Dermatology: 2-Volume Set. St. Louis: Mosby. ISBN 978-1-4160-2999-1.
↑  James, William; Berger, Timothy; Elston, Dirk (2005). Andrews' Diseases of the Skin: Clinical Dermatology. (10th ed.). Saunders. מסת"ב 0-7216-2921-0.
1 2  Chandra, M; Levitt, J; Pensabene, CA (במאי 2012). "Hydroquinone therapy for post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation secondary to acne: not just prescribable by dermatologists". Acta Dermato-Venerologica. 92 (3): 232–5. doi:10.2340/00015555-1225. PMID 22002814. {{cite journal}}:  (עזרה)
1 2  Kim, Ji Hye; Kang, Nam Joo (2015-07-14). "Potent whitening effects of rutin metabolites". Korean Journal of Food Preservation (בלטינית). 22 (4): 607–612. doi:10.11002/kjfp.2015.22.4.607. ISSN 2287-7428. נבדק ב-2022-03-15.
↑  Hyperpigmentation on Face (Acne Scars)  Hyperpigmentation, Dark Spots, Acne Scars, Meladerm.
↑  "Melasma". American Academy of Dermatology, Inc.
↑  "Schimke immunoosseous dysplasia | Genetic and Rare Diseases Information Center (GARD) – an NCATS Program". rarediseases.info.nih.gov. נבדק ב-2019-03-13.
↑  Kannan, R.; Ng, M. J. (2008). "Cutaneous lesions and vitamin B12 deficiency: An often-forgotten link, Rajendran Kannan, MB BS MD". Canadian Family Physician. 54 (4): 529–532. PMC 2294086. PMID 18413300.
↑  Lawrence, Elizabeth; Al Aboud, Khalid M. (2022), "Postinflammatory Hyperpigmentation", StatPearls, Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing, PMID 32644576, נבדק ב-2022-03-27
↑  Gupta, AK; Gover, MD; Nouri, K; Taylor, S (בדצמבר 2006). "The treatment of melasma: a review of clinical trials". Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology. 55 (6): 1048–65. doi:10.1016/j.jaad.2006.02.009. PMID 17097400. {{cite journal}}:  (עזרה)
1 2  "Variety of options available to treat pigmentation problems | American Academy of Dermatology". www.aad.org. נבדק ב-2017-02-12.
↑  Handog, Evangeline (2009-07-20). "A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of oral procyanidin with Vitamins A, C, E for melasma among Filipino women". International Journal of Dermatology. 48 (8): 896–901. doi:10.1111/j.1365-4632.2009.04130.x. PMID 19659873.
↑  "Laser Skin Whitening - Advantages and Disadvantages | Skin Whitening News". skinwhiteningnews.org (באנגלית אמריקאית). 2014-04-05. נבדק ב-2017-02-12.
↑  Kim, Young Jae; Suh, Hyun Yi; Choi, Myoung Eun; Jung, Chang Jin; Chang, Sung Eun (2020-04-17). "Clinical improvement of photoaging-associated facial hyperpigmentation in Korean skin with a picosecond 1064-nm neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet laser". Lasers in Medical Science. Springer Science and Business Media LLC. 35 (7): 1599–1606. doi:10.1007/s10103-020-03008-z. ISSN 0268-8921. PMID 32300974.
↑  Arora, Pooja; Sarkar, Rashmi; Garg, Vijay K; Arya, Latika (2022-01-27). "Lasers for Treatment of Melasma and Post-Inflammatory Hyperpigmentation". Journal of Cutaneous and Aesthetic Surgery. 5 (2): 93–103. doi:10.4103/0974-2077.99436. PMC 3461803. PMID 23060704.
| --- | --- |
בקרת זהויות :  LNB: 000352899 
הבהרה: המידע בוויקיפדיה נועד להעשרה בלבד ואינו מהווה ייעוץ רפואי.