אימה שחורה על הריין
הערות שוליים

1 2 3 4  Nelson, Keith (December 1970). "The "Black Horror on the Rhine": Race as a Factor in Post-World War I Diplomacy". The Journal of Modern History. 42 (4): 606–627
↑  Fogarty, Richard S. (2008). Race and War in France: Colonial Subjects in the French Army, 1914–1918. JHU Press. ISBN 9780801888243. Retrieved 9 May 2018
↑  Nelson, Keith (December 1970). "The "Black Horror on the Rhine": Race as a Factor in Post-World War I Diplomacy". The Journal of Modern History. 42 (4): 608
↑  Nelson, Keith (December 1970). "The "Black Horror on the Rhine": Race as a Factor in Post-World War I Diplomacy". The Journal of Modern History. 42 (4): 609-10
↑  Nelson, Keith (December 1970). "The "Black Horror on the Rhine": Race as a Factor in Post-World War I Diplomacy". The Journal of Modern History. 42 (4): 611
↑  Collar, Peter (2013). The Propaganda War in the Rhineland: Weimar Germany, Race and Occupation After World War I. London: I.B.Tauris., 80
1 2  Campbell, Peter (June 2014). The "Black Horror on the Rhine": Idealism, Pacifism, and Racism in Feminism and the Left in the Aftermath of the First World War. Social History. XLVII. pp. 472
↑  Campbell, Peter (June 2014). The "Black Horror on the Rhine": Idealism, Pacifism, and Racism in Feminism and the Left in the Aftermath of the First World War. Social History. XLVII. pp. 476
↑  Nelson, Keith (December 1970). "The "Black Horror on the Rhine": Race as a Factor in Post-World War I Diplomacy". The Journal of Modern History. 42 (4): 614
↑  Campbell, Peter (June 2014). The "Black Horror on the Rhine": Idealism, Pacifism, and Racism in Feminism and the Left in the Aftermath of the First World War. Social History. XLVII. pp. 474
1 2  Reinders, Robert (1968). "Racialism on the Left: E.D. Morel and the 'Black Horror on the Rhine'". International Review of Social History. 13: 1
↑  Reinders, Robert (1968). "Racialism on the Left: E.D. Morel and the 'Black Horror on the Rhine'". International Review of Social History. 13: 2
↑  Reinders, Robert (1968). "Racialism on the Left: E.D. Morel and the 'Black Horror on the Rhine'". International Review of Social History. 13: 3
↑  Nelson, Keith (December 1970). "The "Black Horror on the Rhine": Race as a Factor in Post-World War I Diplomacy". The Journal of Modern History. 42 (4): 615
1 2  Nelson, Keith (December 1970). "The "Black Horror on the Rhine": Race as a Factor in Post-World War I Diplomacy". The Journal of Modern History. 42 (4): 616
↑  Campbell, Peter (June 2014). The "Black Horror on the Rhine": Idealism, Pacifism, and Racism in Feminism and the Left in the Aftermath of the First World War. Social History. XLVII. pp. 477
1 2  Campbell, Peter (June 2014). The "Black Horror on the Rhine": Idealism, Pacifism, and Racism in Feminism and the Left in the Aftermath of the First World War. Social History. XLVII. pp. 484
↑  Campbell, Peter (June 2014). The "Black Horror on the Rhine": Idealism, Pacifism, and Racism in Feminism and the Left in the Aftermath of the First World War. Social History. XLVII. pp. 478
↑  Wigger, Iris (2017). The 'Black Horror on the Rhine' Intersections of Race, Nation, Gender and Class in 1920s Germany. London: Macmillan. p. 50
↑  Reinders, Robert (1968). "Racialism on the Left: E.D. Morel and the 'Black Horror on the Rhine'". International Review of Social History. 13: 9-10
1 2  Campbell, Peter (June 2014). The "Black Horror on the Rhine": Idealism, Pacifism, and Racism in Feminism and the Left in the Aftermath of the First World War. Social History. XLVII. pp. 488
↑  Reinders, Robert (1968). "Racialism on the Left: E.D. Morel and the 'Black Horror on the Rhine'". International Review of Social History. 13: 5
↑  Nelson, Keith (December 1970). "The "Black Horror on the Rhine": Race as a Factor in Post-World War I Diplomacy". The Journal of Modern History. 42 (4): 617
1 2  Lusane, Clarence (2002). Hitler's Black Victims: The Historical Experiences of Afro-Germans, European Blacks, Africans, and African Americans in the Nazi Era. London: Psychology Press.p. 74
↑  Wigger, Iris (2017). The 'Black Horror on the Rhine' Intersections of Race, Nation, Gender and Class in 1920s Germany. London: Macmillan.p. 2
↑  Campbell, Peter (June 2014). The "Black Horror on the Rhine": Idealism, Pacifism, and Racism in Feminism and the Left in the Aftermath of the First World War. Social History. XLVII. pp. 479
↑  Nelson, Keith (December 1970). "The "Black Horror on the Rhine": Race as a Factor in Post-World War I Diplomacy". The Journal of Modern History. 42 (4): 618
↑  Wigger, Iris (2017). The 'Black Horror on the Rhine' Intersections of Race, Nation, Gender and Class in 1920s Germany. London: Macmillan, p. 52
↑  Wigger, Iris (2017). The 'Black Horror on the Rhine' Intersections of Race, Nation, Gender and Class in 1920s Germany. London: Macmillan, pp. 51-52
↑  Wigger, Iris (2017). The 'Black Horror on the Rhine' Intersections of Race, Nation, Gender and Class in 1920s Germany. London: Macmillan. p. 54
↑  Wigger, Iris (2017). The 'Black Horror on the Rhine' Intersections of Race, Nation, Gender and Class in 1920s Germany. London: Macmillan, pp. 61-63
↑  Wigger, Iris (2017). The 'Black Horror on the Rhine' Intersections of Race, Nation, Gender and Class in 1920s Germany. London: Macmillan, p. 64
↑  Wigger, Iris (2017). The 'Black Horror on the Rhine' Intersections of Race, Nation, Gender and Class in 1920s Germany. London: Macmillan, p. 65
1 2  Wigger, Iris (2017). The 'Black Horror on the Rhine' Intersections of Race, Nation, Gender and Class in 1920s Germany. London: Macmillan, p. 72
↑  Wigger, Iris (2017). The 'Black Horror on the Rhine' Intersections of Race, Nation, Gender and Class in 1920s Germany. London: Macmillan, p. 77
↑  Wigger, Iris (2017). The 'Black Horror on the Rhine' Intersections of Race, Nation, Gender and Class in 1920s Germany. London: Macmillan, p. 74
↑  Collar, Peter (2013). The Propaganda War in the Rhineland: Weimar Germany, Race and Occupation After World War I. London: I.B.Tauris., p. 128
↑  Wigger, Iris (2017). The 'Black Horror on the Rhine' Intersections of Race, Nation, Gender and Class in 1920s Germany. London: Macmillan, pp. 84-85
↑  Wigger, Iris (2017). The 'Black Horror on the Rhine' Intersections of Race, Nation, Gender and Class in 1920s Germany. London: Macmillan, p. 116
1 2  Collar, Peter (2013). The Propaganda War in the Rhineland: Weimar Germany, Race and Occupation After World War I. London: I.B.Tauris., pp. 166-167
↑  Collar, Peter (2013). The Propaganda War in the Rhineland: Weimar Germany, Race and Occupation After World War I. London: I.B.Tauris., pp. 166-167
1 2  Wigger, Iris (2017). The 'Black Horror on the Rhine' Intersections of Race, Nation, Gender and Class in 1920s Germany. London: Macmillan, p. 85
↑  Wigger, Iris (2017). The 'Black Horror on the Rhine' Intersections of Race, Nation, Gender and Class in 1920s Germany. London: Macmillan, p. 89
↑  Collar, Peter (2013). The Propaganda War in the Rhineland: Weimar Germany, Race and Occupation After World War I. London: I.B.Tauris., p. 221
↑  Collar, Peter (2013). The Propaganda War in the Rhineland: Weimar Germany, Race and Occupation After World War I. London: I.B.Tauris. ,p. 222
↑  Roos, Julia (28 May 2015). "Die Schwarze Schmach". The International Encyclopedia of the First World War. Retrieved 2018-04-16
↑  Nelson, Keith (December 1970). "The "Black Horror on the Rhine": Race as a Factor in Post-World War I Diplomacy". The Journal of Modern History. 42 (4): 620
↑  Campbell, Peter (June 2014). The "Black Horror on the Rhine": Idealism, Pacifism, and Racism in Feminism and the Left in the Aftermath of the First World War. Social History. XLVII. pp. 490
1 2  Nelson, Keith (December 1970). "The "Black Horror on the Rhine": Race as a Factor in Post-World War I Diplomacy". The Journal of Modern History. 42 (4): 622
↑  Nelson, Keith (December 1970). "The "Black Horror on the Rhine": Race as a Factor in Post-World War I Diplomacy". The Journal of Modern History. 42 (4): 623
↑  Nelson, Keith (December 1970). "The "Black Horror on the Rhine": Race as a Factor in Post-World War I Diplomacy". The Journal of Modern History. 42 (4): 624
↑  Koller, Christian (2001). "Von Wilden aller Rassen niedergemetzelt" Die Diskussion um die Verwendung von Kolonialtruppen in Europa zwischen Rassismus, Kolonial- und Militärpolitik (1914–1930). Stuttgart: Franz Steiner Verlag, p. 38
↑  Nelson, Keith (December 1970). "The "Black Horror on the Rhine": Race as a Factor in Post-World War I Diplomacy". The Journal of Modern History. 42 (4): 625
↑  Campbell, Peter (June 2014). The "Black Horror on the Rhine": Idealism, Pacifism, and Racism in Feminism and the Left in the Aftermath of the First World War. Social History. XLVII. p. 492
1 2  Scheck, Raffael (2006). Hitler's African Victims: The German Army Massacres of Black French Soldiers in 1940. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press., p. 626
↑  Scheck, Raffael (2006). Hitler's African Victims: The German Army Massacres of Black French Soldiers in 1940. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p. 103
↑  Scheck, Raffael (2006). Hitler's African Victims: The German Army Massacres of Black French Soldiers in 1940. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 3-4
↑  Scheck, Raffael (2006). Hitler's African Victims: The German Army Massacres of Black French Soldiers in 1940. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p. 5
האנדרטה לזכר החיילים הסנגלים הצרפתים שהגנו על העיר ריימס, נחנכה ב-1924
חבר הפרלמנט, נציג מערב אפריקה, דיאן בלייז
קבוצת חיילים מרוקאיים מצבא צרפת, 1917
התזמורת הצבאית של הגדוד המרוקאי, צועדת בפרנקפורט לאחר כיבושה, 1920

דיוקן אדמונד מורל
גלוית תעמולה גרמנית, 1923, המתארת את החיילים האפריקאיים כרוצחים פרימטייביים.