כנופיה
הערות שוליים

↑  "Gangs, Peers, and Co-Offending." Oxford Biblopgraphies Online
↑  "Frequently Asked Questions About Gangs". National Gang Center. נבדק ב-2009-01-01.
↑  "Drug money saved banks in global crisis, claims UN advisor". The Guardian. London. 13 בדצמבר 2009. נבדק ב-3 במאי 2010. {{cite news}}:  (עזרה)
↑  J. Robert Flores, "Highlights of the 2004 National Youth Gang Survey", U.S. Department of Justice, Office of Justice Programs, April 2006
↑  על פי לשון חז"ל: ”רבינא סבר לאכשורי בכנופיאתה דארמאי” (תלמוד בבלי, מסכת גיטין, דף י"א, עמוד א'), ”תענית ציבור איכא כינופיא” (תלמוד בבלי, מסכת שבת, דף ס', עמוד ב').
↑  Douglas Harper. "gang". Online Etymology Dictionary.
↑  Gang (crime). Encyclopædia Britannica.
↑  Artful Dodgers: Youth and Crime in Early Nineteenth Century London. Heather Shore. Boydell Press, London, 1999, pp. 193; ISBN 0861932420
↑  London's children in the 19th century. Museum of London.
↑  National Affairs: CAPITAL PUNISHMENT: A FADING PRACTICE. Time. March 21, 1960.
↑  19th century AD. Adolescence, Summer, 1995 by Ruskin Teeter.
↑  Angels with Manky Faces at Liverpool Unity Theatre. Liverpool.com.
↑  The first hoodies: Warring yobs and utterly powerless police. No, not 2009, but a Victorian England terrorised by teenage gangs. Mail Online. January 17, 2009.
↑  "The Growth of Youth Gang Problems in the United States: 1970-98". 2001.
↑  USDOJ: U.S. Department of Justice Archive National Drug Intelligence Center
↑  "Organized_crime". source. נבדק ב-2009-01-01.
↑  Author: Ferrell, J., Title: "Crimes of style: Urban graffiti and the politics of criminality", Publisher: New York: Garland. (235pp),Year: 1993
↑  "Noose: ‘Shameful' sign makes ominous return", by Darryl Fears, Washington Post, Published: October 21, 2007 6:00 a.m.
↑  "The Seven-Stage Hate Model", United States Department of Justice, Federal Bureau of Investigation
↑  "Symbolism and Sacrifice in Terrorism", Authors: J. Dingley; M. Kirk-Smith, Source: Small Wars & Insurgencies, Volume 13, Number 1, Spring 2002, pp. 102-128(27, Publisher: Routledge, part of the Taylor & Francis Group
↑  COPS Office: Gangs
↑  L.A. Gangs: Nine Miles and Spreading. Laweekly.com. December 13, 2007.
↑  Report: Gang membership on the rise across U.S., by Kevin Johnson, USA Today, January 30, 2009
↑  Gang mayhem grips LA, The Observer, March 18, 2007
↑  Map 1. Gang membership per capita, by state, National Gang Intelligence Center, National Gang Threat Assessment, January 2009
↑  Into the Abyss: The Racial and Ethnic Composition of Gangs
↑  "LA gangs take over UK streets". The Sun. April 15, 2010.
↑  El Salvador's teenage beauty queens live and die by gang law, The Observer, November 10, 2002
↑  100,000 foot soldiers in Mexican cartels, Washington Times, March 3, 2009.
↑  Criminal Investigation: Fight Against Organized Crime (1), Overview of Japanese Police, National Police Agency (June 2007)
↑  Asian Triads
↑  Hong Kong's T-Shirt Contest. TIME. November 28, 2007.
↑  Police chief and businessmen arrested in triad crackdown. Times Online. August 14, 2009.
↑  Italian Organized Crime—Overview. FBI.gov.
↑  Paul Goble, 'Russian Mafia' Abroad Now 300,000 Strong, Journal Says, The Moscow Times, 02 March 2010
↑  https://lareviewofbooks.org/article/an-urban-history-the-influence-of-street-gangs-on-contemporary-art/#!
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