שיונגנו
לקריאה נוספת

Harold Walter Bailey, Indo-Scythian Studies: being Khotanese Texts, VII, Cambridge, 1985, pp. 25–41. Also available here:
Beckwith, Christopher I. (2009): Empires of the Silk Road: A History of Central Eurasia from the Bronze Age to the Present. Princeton: Princeton University Press. ISBN 978-0-691-13589-2.
Rafe de Crespigny, Northern frontier: The policies and strategies of the Later Han empire. Asian Studies Monographs, New Series No. 4, Faculty of Asian Studies. Canberra: Australian National University Press, 1984. ISBN 0-86784-410-8. See for chapter 1 The Government and Geography of the Northern Frontier of Later Han. (Internet publication April 2004. This version includes a general map and some summary annotations but no characters or detailed notes).
Rafe de Crespigny, The Division and Destruction of the Xiongnu Confederacy in the first and second centuries AD, [Turkish: "Hun Konfederasyonu'nun Blnmesi ve Yikilmasi"], being a paper published in The Turks [Yeni TrkiyeMedya Hismetleri-Murat Ocak], Ankara 2002, 256-243 & 749-757. (Internet publication April 2004. This version includes a map and notes but no characters.
Dorn'eich, Chris M. (2008). Chinese sources on the History of the Niusi-Wusi-Asi(oi)-Rishi(ka)-Arsi-Arshi-Ruzhi and their Kueishuang-Kushan Dynasty. Shiji 110/Hanshu 94A: The Xiongnu: Synopsis of Chinese Original Text and several Western Translations with Extant Annotations. Berlin. To read or download go to:
Findley, Carter Vaughn. 2005. The Turks in World History. Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-516770-8; ISBN 0-19-517726-6 (pbk.)
Hill, John E. 2004. The Western Regions according to the Hou Hanshu. Draft annotated English translation.
Hill, John E. 2004. The Peoples of the West from the Weilue 魏略 by Yu Huan 魚豢: A Third Century Chinese Account Composed between 239 and 265 CE. Draft annotated English translation.
Hulsewé, A. F. P. and Loewe, M. A. N. 1979. China in Central Asia: The Early Stage 125 BC – AD 23: an annotated translation of chapters 61 and 96 of the History of the Former Han Dynasty. E. J. Brill, Leiden, 1979. ISBN 90-04-05884-2.
Nikolay Kradin, Xiongnu Empire. 2nd. ed. Moscow: Logos, 2002. 312 p. (in Russian) ISBN 5-94010-124-0.
Nikolay Kradin, "Social and Economic Structure of the Xiongnu of the Trans-Baikal Region". Archaeology, Ethnology & Anthropology of Eurasia, 2005, No 1, p. 79–86.
Ma, Liqing (2005). Original Xiongnu, An Archaeological Explore on the Xiongnu's History and Culture. Hohhot: Inner Mongolia University Press. ISBN 7-81074-796-7.
Zhang, Bibo and Dong, Guoyao (2001). "Cultural History of Ancient Northern Ethnic Groups in China". Harbin: Heilongjiang People's Press. ISBN 7-207-03325-7.
Wang, Zhonghan (2004). "Outlines of Ethnic Groups in China". Taiyuan: Shanxi Education Press. ISBN 7-5440-2660-4.
Yü Ying-shih, "Han foreign relations", Cambridge History of China: volume 1, The Ch'in and Han empires 221 B.C. – A.D. 220 Cambridge University Press, Cambridge [etc.], 1986, pp. 377–462. ISBN 0-521-24327-0.
Vovin, Alexander. "Did the Xiongnu speak a Yeniseian language?". Central Asiatic Journal 44/1 (2000), pp. 87–104.
de la Vaissière, E., "Huns et Xiongnu". Central Asiatic Journal 49/1 (2005), pp. 3–26.
Leonid P. Potapov, "Ethnic composition and origin of Altaians. Historical ethnographical essay", Leningrad, Science, 1969 ( full text In Russian)
Mau-Tsai Liu "Die chinesischen Nachrichten zur Geschichte der Ost-Türken (T'u-küe)", Bd. 1. Wiesbaden, 1958 ( In German)
Nikita Bichurin, "Collection of information on peoples in Central Asia in ancient times", M.-L., 1950 ((הקישור אינו פעיל) downloadable original publ. In Russian )
Walter Bruno Henning, "The date of Sogdian ancient letters" BSOAS, vol. 12 (1948), No 3-4, pp. 601–615 ()
Klyashtorny S.G., "Ancient Türkic runiform monuments as a source on history of Central Asia", Moscow, 1964, (In Russian )