השנה של אפריקה
הערות שוליים

↑  William Henry Chamberlin, "Africa's Year", 5 January 1960, accessed via ProQuest.
↑  Paul Hoffmann, "Bunche says '60 is year of Africa", New York Times, 16 February 1960, p. 15; accessed via ProQuest.
↑  Daniel Schwartz, "1960: The Year of Africa", CBC, 8 June 2010.
1 2  Manuel Manrique Gil, "1960–2010: 50 years of 'African independences'", On Africa, 4 January 2010.
1 2  "Excerpts of the Statements by U.N. Delegates on South Africa's Racial Policies", New York Times, 1 April 1960, quoted by Ryan Irwin, "The Gordian Knot", dissertation at Ohio State, 2010.
↑  Foderaro, Independent Africa (1976), p. 53.
↑  Frederick Cooper, POSSIBILITY AND CONSTRAINT: AFRICAN INDEPENDENCE IN HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE, The Journal of African History 49, 2008-07, עמ' 167–196 doi: 10.1017/S0021853708003915
↑  De Lusignan, French-Speaking Africa Since Independence (1969), p. 24. "The break with France was absolute; according to a hastily devised plan, French civil servants were to leave within two months. Guinea would receive no more help from the French administration, and no more equipment credits. Overnight, Guinea found itself penniless... Guinea's daring vote of 'No' became a burning pang of conscience for all French-speaking countries."
↑  De Lusignan, French-Speaking Africa Since Independence (1969), p. 25. "As early as December 10, 1959, at the sixth session of the Executive Council of the Community, de Gaulle agreed that international sovereignty should be granted to any state which requested it, and that new agreements on co-operation might be negotiated between African states and France. The race for independence had started."
↑  De Lusignan, French-Speaking Africa Since Independence (1969), pp. 28
↑  De Lusignan, French-Speaking Africa Since Independence (1969), p. 35. "France was able to change its political, economic, and military status in Black Africa, and yet retain the former colonies within its sphere of influence... If France played its cards well, Africa would still be a market in which it retained a highly privileged position—a ready market for French manufactured goods and itself exporting a wide range of raw materials (notably groundnuts, palm oil, tropical timber, iron, manganese, bauxite, aluminum, and uranium."
↑  De Lusignan, French-Speaking Africa Since Independence (1969), pp. 29–30.
↑  De Lusignan, French-Speaking Africa Since Independence (1969), pp. 35–36.
↑  De Lusignan, French-Speaking Africa Since Independence (1969), pp. 75–77.
↑  Foderaro, Independent Africa (1976), p. 57.
↑  Foderaro, Independent Africa (1976), p. 59.
↑  Francis Bennion, Constitutional Law of Ghana; London: Butterworths, 1962.
↑  Osei Boateng, "Lumumba: 'We shall show the world what the black man can do when he is allowed to work in freedom'", New African, February 2010.
1 2  Abayomi Azikiwe, "50th Anniversary of the 'Year of Africa' 1960", Pan-African News Wire, 21 April 2010.
↑  Henry S. Hayward, "Belgium Gives Bitter Lesson", Christian Science Monitor, 28 December 1960, p. 1.; accessed via ProQuest.
↑  Imran Garda, "Sharpeville: Legacy of a massacre", Al Jazeera, 22 March 2010.
↑  David Smith, "Sharpeville 50 years on: 'At some stage all hell will break loose'", The Guardian, 19 March 2010.
↑  Lodge, Sharpeville (2011), pp.167–168.
↑  Lodge, Sharpeville (2011), p.168. "[...] more ameliorationist perceptions shaped a parallel course of liberal scholarship both within and outside South Africa; for its constituents, Sharpeville's 'epoch-making' significance was in making the 'reality' of black urbanization and industrialization obvious to white South Africans."
↑  Ryan M. Irwin, "Imagining nation, state, and order in the mid-twentieth century", Kronos 37(1), 2011.
↑  Kwame Nkrumah, speech to United Nations, excerpted on Democracy Now.
↑  Ryan Irwin, The Gordian Knot: Apartheid and the Unmaking of the Liberal World Order, 1960–1970, dissertation submitted at Ohio State University, 2010.
↑  "Nkrumah at the United Nations"
↑  Houser, No One Can Stop the Rain (1989), p. 61.
↑  Richard Gott, John Major and Geoffrey Warner (eds), Documents on International Affairs 1960. London: Oxford University Press, 1964; pp 349 et seq.
↑  I.U. Alimov, "All-African Peoples’ Conferences", Great Soviet Encyclopedia, 1979.
↑  Tim Judah, "The Glory Trail", The Guardian, 26 July 2008.
↑  Bahru Zewde, "[www.crasc-dz.org/IMG/ARB%20Pdf/entete%20The%20year...Africa%20by%20Bahru%20Zewde.pdf 'The Year of Africa']", Africa Review of Books 6(2), September 2010.
1 2  John Lonsdale, "African Studies, Europe & Africa", afrika spectrum 40(3), 2005.
↑  Johannes du Bruyn, "The "Forgotten factor" sixteen years later: some trends in historical writing on precolonial South Africa", Kleio 16(1), 1984; doi:10.1080/0023208848538004.1.
↑  Sarah E. Wright, "The Lower East Side: A Rebirth of World Vision", African American Review 27(4), Winter 1993; accessed via JStor. "We were also at one with the seething ghettos of the North, our ears attuned to Malcolm's message. And it was the year of Africa. We throw ourselves into solidarity work for the great freedom movements of the Congo, fought to head off the assassination of Lumumba, linked arms and hearts with the South African freedom struggle, supported the arms struggle of Angola and Mozambique against Portuguese rule, were in the forefront of bringing a consciousness of Africa to our people."
↑  "Winds Of Change Are Blowing", Baltimore Afro-American, 26 March 1960.
↑  Meriwether, Proudly We Can Be Africans (2002), p. 182.
↑  Meriwether, Proudly We Can Be Africans (2002), p. 194.
↑  William Brown, "Debating the Year of Africa", Review of African Political Economy 34(111), accessed via JStor.
↑  Rosalind McLymont, "The Year of Africa; Buzz without bling is just buzz", Network Journal 12(8), July/August 2005; accessed via ProQuest. "The world's wealthiest nations are calling 2005 the "Year of Africa." They're turning their attention, collectively and individually, to doing something about a continent they proclaim to be mired in poverty, H.I.V./AIDS, war and bad governance. Heads of state, business leaders, rock stars, philanthropists – everybody, it seems, has an Africa plan."
שבוע הבריקדות: ינואר 1960 באלג'יריה
לומומבה בבריסל, ינואר 1960
"רצח בשארפוויל", גודפרי רובנס – טבח שארפוויל הביא תשומת לב עולמית לאפרטהייד
עצרת בעד העצמאות בצפון רודזיה (לימים זמביה), מרץ 1960