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یادداشت

↑  AI Expert Newsletter: W is for Winter بایگانی‌شده  در ۹ نوامبر ۲۰۱۳ توسط Wayback Machine
↑  Crevier 1993, p. 203.
1 2 3  Crevier 1993.
1 2 3 4  Kurzweil 2005.
↑  Different sources use different dates for the AI winter. Consider: (1) (Howe 1994): "Lighthill's [1973] report provoked a massive loss of confidence in AI by the academic establishment in the UK (and to a lesser extent in the US). It persisted for a decade ― the so-called '"AI Winter'", (2) (Russell و Norvig 2003): "Overall, the AI industry boomed from a few million dollars in 1980 to billions of dollars in 1988. Soon after that came a period called the 'AI Winter'".
1 2  John Hutchins 2005 The history of machine translation in a nutshell. بایگانی‌شده  در ۱۳ ژوئیه ۲۰۱۹ توسط Wayback Machine
↑  Hutchins, John. 1995. "The whisky was invisible", or Persistent myths of MT. Retrieved from http://www.hutchinsweb.me.uk/MTNI-11-1995.pdf بایگانی‌شده  در ۴ آوریل ۲۰۲۰ توسط Wayback Machine
↑  Russell & Norvig 2003.
↑  (McCorduck 2004)
↑  Pamela McCorduck quotes one colleague as saying, "He was a press agent's dream, a real medicine man." (McCorduck 2004, p. 105)
↑  (Crevier 1993، صص. 102–5)
↑  (Crevier 1993), (McCorduck 2004), (Russell و Norvig 2003)
↑  (Crevier 1993) and (Russell و Norvig 2003)
↑  (Crevier 1993)
1 2  (Crevier 1993), (Russell و Norvig 2003), (Howe 1994) and see also (Lighthill 1973)
↑  "BBC Controversy Lighthill debate 1973". BBC "Controversy" debates series. ARTIFICIAL_INTELLIGENCE-APPLICATIONS¯INSTITUTE. 1973. Retrieved 13 August 2010.
↑  McCarthy, John (1993). "Review of the Lighthill Report". Archived from the original on 30 September 2008. Retrieved 10 September 2008.
↑  (Crevier 1993)
1 2  (NRC 1999) (only the sections before 1980 apply to the current discussion).
↑  (Crevier 1993)
↑  (Russell و Norvig 2003)
↑  (NRC 1999)
↑  (Crevier 1993) (on whom this account is based). Other views include (McCorduck 2004) and (NRC 1999) under "Success in Speech Recognition".
↑  (NRC 1999) under "Success in Speech Recognition".
↑  (Newquist 1994)
↑  (Crevier 1993)
↑  Brooks, Rodney. "Design of an Optimizing, Dynamically Retargetable Compiler for Common LISP" (PDF). Lucid, Inc. Archived from the original (PDF) on 20 August 2013.
↑  Avoiding another AI Winter, James Hendler, IEEE Intelligent Systems (March/April 2008 (Vol. 23, No. 2) pp. 2–4
↑  (Crevier 1993)
↑  (Newquist 1994)
↑  (Crevier 1993)
↑  (Newquist 1994)
↑  (Crevier 1993)
↑  (McCorduck 2004)
↑  (McCorduck 2004)
↑  Alex Castro in Are you talking to me? The Economist Technology Quarterly (7 June 2007) بایگانی‌شده  در ۱۳ ژوئن ۲۰۰۸ توسط Wayback Machine
↑  Robotics firms find fundraising struggle, with venture capital shy. By Patty Tascarella. Pittsburgh Business Times (11 August 2006) بایگانی‌شده  در ۲۶ مارس ۲۰۱۴ توسط Wayback Machine
1 2  Markoff, John (14 October 2005). "Behind Artificial Intelligence, a Squadron of Bright Real People". The New York Times. Retrieved 30 July 2007.
↑  (Newquist 1994)
↑  (NRC 1999) under "Artificial Intelligence in the 90s"
↑  AI set to exceed human brain power CNN.com (26 July 2006) بایگانی‌شده  در ۳ نوامبر ۲۰۰۶ توسط Wayback Machine
↑  (Russell و Norvig 2003)
↑  For the new state of the art in AI-based speech recognition, see Are You Talking to Me? بایگانی‌شده  در ۱۳ ژوئن ۲۰۰۸ توسط Wayback Machine
1 2  "AI-inspired systems were already integral to many everyday technologies such as internet search engines, bank software for processing transactions and in medical diagnosis." Nick Bostrom, AI set to exceed human brain power CNN.com (26 July 2006) بایگانی‌شده  در ۳ نوامبر ۲۰۰۶ توسط Wayback Machine
↑  For the use of AI at Google, see Google's man behind the curtain, Google backs character recognition and Spying an intelligent search engine.
↑  Touareg Short Lead Press Introduction, Volkswagen of America بایگانی‌شده  در ۱۶ فوریه ۲۰۱۲ توسط Wayback Machine
↑  Grand Challenge Home بایگانی‌شده  در ۲۴ دسامبر ۲۰۱۰ توسط Wayback Machine
↑  DARPA بایگانی‌شده  در ۶ مارس ۲۰۰۹ توسط Wayback Machine