مسیحیت لیبرال
ارجاعات

↑  (Dorrien 2001، صص. xiii,xxiii): "Liberal Christian theology is a tradition that derives from the late-eighteenth- and early-nineteenth-century Protestant attempt to reconceptualize the meaning of traditional Christian teaching in the light of modern knowledge and modern ethical values. It is not revolutionary but reformist in spirit and substance. Fundamentally it is the idea of a genuine Christianity not based on external authority. Liberal theology seeks to reinterpret the symbols of traditional Christianity in a way that creates a progressive religious alternative to atheistic rationalism and to theologies based on external authority."
↑  ("Theological Liberalism"): "Theological liberalism, a form of religious thought that establishes religious inquiry on the basis of a norm other than the authority of tradition. It was an important influence in Protestantism from about the mid-17th century through the 1920s."
↑  (McGrath 2013، ص. 196): "Liberalism’s program required a significant degree of flexibility in relation to traditional Christian theology. Its leading writers argued that reconstruction of belief was essential if Christianity were to remain a serious intellectual option in the modern world. For this reason, they demanded a degree of freedom in relation to the doctrinal inheritance of Christianity on the one hand, and traditional methods of biblical interpretation on the other. Where traditional ways of interpreting Scripture, or traditional beliefs, seemed to be compromised by developments in human knowledge, it was imperative that they should be discarded or reinterpreted to bring them into line with what was now known about the world."
↑  Dorrien 2001, p. xviii.
↑  Dorrien 2001, p. xv.
↑  Dorrien 2001, p. xx.
↑  Gurrentz, Benjamin T. "Christian Modernism". thearda.com. Association of Religion Data Archives. Archived from the original on July 31, 2019.
1 2 3  McGrath 2013, p. 196.
1 2 3 4  Campbell 1996, p. 128.
↑  Ogden 1976, pp. 405–406.
↑  Ogden 1976, p. 408.
1 2  Chryssides, George D. (2010). Christianity Today: An Introduction. Religion Today. Bloomsbury Academic. p. 21. ISBN 978-1-84706-542-1. Retrieved 30 August 2020.
↑  Dorrien, Garry J. (2000). The Barthian Revolt in Modern Theology: Theology Without Weapons. Westminster John Knox Press. p. 112. ISBN 978-0-664-22151-5. Retrieved 30 August 2020.
↑  Ogden 1976, pp. 408–409.
↑  Ogden 1976, p. 409.
↑  Lyons, William John (1 July 2002). Canon and Exegesis: Canonical Praxis and the Sodom Narrative. A&C Black. p. 17. ISBN 978-0-567-40343-8. On the relationship between the results of his work and the task of Christian theology, Wrede writes that how the 'systematic theologian gets on with its results and deals with them—that is his own affair. Like every other real science, New Testament Theology's has its goal simply in itself, and is totally indifferent to all dogma and Systematic Theology' (1973: 69).16 In the 1920s H. Gunkel would summarize the arguments against Biblical Theology in Old Testament study thus: 'The recently experienced phenomenon of biblical theology being replaced by the history of Israelite religion is to be explained from the fact that the spirit of historical investigation has now taken the place of a traditional doctrine of inspiration' (1927-31: 1090-91; as quoted by Childs 1992a: 6).
↑  Chellew-Hodge, Candace (24 February 2016). "Why It Is Heresy to Read the Bible Literally: An Interview with John Shelby Spong". Religion Dispatches. Retrieved 19 June 2021.
↑  Spong, John Shelby (16 February 2016). "Stating the Problem, Setting the Stage". Biblical Literalism: A Gentile Heresy: A Journey into a New Christianity Through the Doorway of Matthew's Gospel. HarperOne. p. 22. ISBN 978-0-06-236233-9. To read the gospels properly, I now believe, requires a knowledge of Jewish culture, Jewish symbols, Jewish icons and the tradition of Jewish storytelling. It requires an understanding of what the Jews call ‘midrash. ’ Only those people who were completely unaware of these things could ever have come to think that the gospels were meant to be read literally.
↑  Ogden 1976, pp. 409–411.
↑  Mack 1993, p. 29.
1 2  Woodhead 2002, pp. 186, 193.
↑  The Making of American Liberal Theology: Imagining Progressive Religion 1805–1900, edited by Gary J. Dorrien (Westminster John Knox Press, 2001), passim, search  miracles.
↑  Brandom 2000, p. 76.
↑  Dorrien 2003, pp. 233, 413, 436.
↑  Tamilio 2002.
1 2 3  "Modernism: Christian Modernism".
1 2  Frei 2018.
1 2  Dorrien 2002, p. 203.
1 2  Campbell 1996, p. 74.
↑  McGrath 2013, p. 198.