آسیب طناب نخاعی
ارجاعات

1 2 3 4 5 6 7  ATLS – Advanced Trauma Life Support – Student Course Manual (10th ed.). American College of Surgeons. 2018. pp. 129–144. ISBN 978-0-9968262-3-5.
1 2 3  "Spinal Cord Injury Facts and Figures at a Glance" (PDF). 2012. Archived from the original (PDF) on 28 June 2018. Retrieved 16 May 2018.
↑  Krucoff MO, Miller JP, Saxena T, Bellamkonda R, Rahimpour S, Harward SC, Lad SP, Turner DA (January 2019). "Toward Functional Restoration of the Central Nervous System: A Review of Translational Neuroscience Principles". Neurosurgery. 84 (1): 30–40. doi:10.1093/neuros/nyy128. PMC 6292792. PMID 29800461.
1 2 3  Sabapathy V, Tharion G, Kumar S (2015). "Cell Therapy Augments Functional Recovery Subsequent to Spinal Cord Injury under Experimental Conditions". Stem Cells International. 2015: 1–12. doi:10.1155/2015/132172. PMC 4512598. PMID 26240569.
1 2 3 4 5 6  Newman, Fleisher & Fink 2008, p. 348.
1 2  Newman, Fleisher & Fink 2008, p. 335.
↑  Yu WY, He DW (September 2015). "Current trends in spinal cord injury repair" (PDF). European Review for Medical and Pharmacological Sciences. 19 (18): 3340–4. PMID 26439026. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2015-12-08.
1 2  Cifu & Lew 2013, p. 197.
1 2 3 4  Office of Communications and Public Liaison, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, ed. (2013). Spinal Cord Injury: Hope Through Research. National Institutes of Health. Archived from the original on 2015-11-19.
↑  Miller & Marini 2012, p. 138.
1 2 3  Field-Fote 2009, p. 5.
↑  Marino RJ, Barros T, Biering-Sorensen F, Burns SP, Donovan WH, Graves DE, Haak M, Hudson LM, Priebe MM (2003). "International standards for neurological classification of spinal cord injury". The Journal of Spinal Cord Medicine. 26 Suppl 1: S50–6. doi:10.1080/10790268.2003.11754575. PMID 16296564.
1 2  "Standard Neurological Classification of Spinal Cord Injury" (PDF). American Spinal Injury Association & ISCOS. Archived from the original on June 18, 2011. Retrieved 5 November 2015.{{cite web}}:  نگهداری یادکرد:پیوند نامناسب (link)
1 2  Weiss 2010, p. 307.
↑  Harvey 2008, p. 7.
↑  Teufack, Harrop & Ashwini 2012, p. 67.
↑  Field-Fote, pp. 7–8.
↑  Ho CH, Wuermser LA, Priebe MM, Chiodo AE, Scelza WM, Kirshblum SC (March 2007). "Spinal cord injury medicine. 1. Epidemiology and classification". Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation. 88 (3 Suppl 1): S49–54. doi:10.1016/j.apmr.2006.12.001. PMID 17321849.
↑  Sabharwal 2014, p. 840.
1 2  Lafuente DJ, Andrew J, Joy A (June 1985). "Sacral sparing with cauda equina compression from central lumbar intervertebral disc prolapse". Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry. 48 (6): 579–81. doi:10.1136/jnnp.48.6.579. PMC 1028376. PMID 4009195.
1 2  Peitzman, Fabian & Rhodes 2012, p. 288.
↑  Peitzman, Fabian & Rhodes 2012, pp. 288–89.
↑  Peitzman, Fabian & Rhodes 2012, p. 289.
1 2 3 4  Sabharwal 2014, p. 839.
1 2 3 4  Snell 2010, p. 170.
1 2 3  Namdari, Pill & Mehta 2014, p. 297.
1 2  Marx, Walls & Hockberger 2013, p. 1420.
↑  Field-Fote 2009, p. 9.
1 2 3 4 5 6  Field-Fote 2009, p. 10.
↑  Snell 2010, p. 171.
↑  Roos 2012, pp. 249–50.
↑  Ilyas & Rehman 2013, p. 389.
1 2  Peitzman, Fabian & Rhodes 2012, p. 294.
↑  Snell 2010, p. 167.
1 2 3 4  Marx, Walls & Hockberger 2013, p. 1422.
1 2 3 4  Field-Fote 2009, p. 11.
↑  Augustine 2011, p. 199.
↑  Sabharwal 2013, p. 39.
↑  Snell 2010, p. 169.
↑  Augustine 2011, p. 200.
↑  Schurch, Brigitte; Tawadros, Cécile; Carda, Stefano (2015), "Dysfunction of lower urinary tract in patients with spinal cord injury", Handbook of Clinical Neurology (به انگلیسی), Elsevier, 130: 247–267, doi:10.1016/b978-0-444-63247-0.00014-6, ISBN 978-0-444-63247-0, PMID 26003248
1 2  Weiss 2010, p. 313.
↑  Weiss 2010, pp. 311, 313.
↑  Weiss 2010, p. 311.
1 2 3  Dimitriadis F, Karakitsios K, Tsounapi P, Tsambalas S, Loutradis D, Kanakas N, Watanabe NT, Saito M, Miyagawa I, Sofikitis N (June 2010). "Erectile function and male reproduction in men with spinal cord injury: a review". Andrologia. 42 (3): 139–65. doi:10.1111/j.1439-0272.2009.00969.x. PMID 20500744.
↑  Holtz & Levi 2010, p. 63.
↑  Sabharwal 2013, pp. 53–54.
↑  Sabharwal 2014, p. 843.
1 2 3  Holtz & Levi 2010, p. 70.
↑  Weiss 2010, p. 314–15.
↑  Field-Fote 2009, p. 17.
↑  Hess MJ, Hough S (July 2012). "Impact of spinal cord injury on sexuality: broad-based clinical practice intervention and practical application". The Journal of Spinal Cord Medicine. 35 (4): 211–8. doi:10.1179/2045772312Y.0000000025. PMC 3425877. PMID 22925747.
1 2  Selzer, M.E. (January 2010). Spinal Cord Injury. ReadHowYouWant.com. pp. 23–24. ISBN 978-1-4587-6331-0. Archived from the original on 2014-07-07.
↑  Weiss 2010, p. 315.
↑  Frontera, Silver & Rizzo 2014, p. 407.
↑  Qin W, Bauman WA, Cardozo C (November 2010). "Bone and muscle loss after spinal cord injury: organ interactions". Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences. 1211 (1): 66–84. Bibcode:2010NYASA1211...66Q. doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.2010.05806.x. PMID 21062296.
1 2  Field-Fote 2009, p. 16.
1 2  Field-Fote 2009, p. 15.
↑  Fehlings MG, Cadotte DW, Fehlings LN (August 2011). "A series of systematic reviews on the treatment of acute spinal cord injury: a foundation for best medical practice". Journal of Neurotrauma. 28 (8): 1329–33. doi:10.1089/neu.2011.1955. PMC 3143392. PMID 21651382.
↑  Sabharwal 2013, p. 26.
↑  Field-Fote 2009, p. 13.
1 2 3  Holtz & Levi 2010, p. 69.
↑  Burns SM, Mahalik JR, Hough S, Greenwell AN (2008). "Adjustment to changes in sexual functioning following spinal cord injury: The contribution of men's adherence to scripts for sexual potency". Sexuality and Disability. 26 (4): 197–205. doi:10.1007/s11195-008-9091-y. ISSN 0146-1044.
↑  Sabharwal 2013, p. 27.
1 2  Pollard C, Kennedy P (September 2007). "A longitudinal analysis of emotional impact, coping strategies and post-traumatic psychological growth following spinal cord injury: a 10-year review". British Journal of Health Psychology. 12 (Pt 3): 347–62. doi:10.1348/135910707X197046. PMID 17640451.
↑  Augustine 2011, p. 198.
↑  Clark West, Stefan Roosendaal, Joost Bot and Frank Smithuis. "Spine injury – TLICS Classification". Radiology Assistant. Archived from the original on 2017-10-27. Retrieved 2017-10-26.{{cite web}}:  نگهداری یادکرد:نام‌های متعدد:فهرست نویسندگان (link)
↑  Kuchner EF, Anand AK, Kaufman BM (April 1985). "Cervical diastematomyelia: a case report with operative management". Neurosurgery. 16 (4): 538–42. doi:10.1097/00006123-198504000-00016. PMID 3990933.
↑  Sabharwal 2013, pp. 24–25.
1 2  Holtz & Levi 2010, p. 10.
↑  Sabharwal 2013, p. 34.
↑  Brown et al. 2008, p. 1132.
↑  Kabu S, Gao Y, Kwon BK, Labhasetwar V (December 2015). "Drug delivery, cell-based therapies, and tissue engineering approaches for spinal cord injury". Journal of Controlled Release. 219: 141–154. doi:10.1016/j.jconrel.2015.08.060. PMC 4656085. PMID 26343846.
↑  Frontera, Silver & Rizzo 2014, p. 39.
↑  Scivoletto G, Tamburella F, Laurenza L, Torre M, Molinari M (2014). "Who is going to walk? A review of the factors influencing walking recovery after spinal cord injury". Frontiers in Human Neuroscience. 8: 141. doi:10.3389/fnhum.2014.00141. PMC 3952432. PMID 24659962.
↑  Celani MG, Spizzichino L, Ricci S, Zampolini M, Franceschini M (May 2001). "Spinal cord injury in Italy: A multicenter retrospective study". Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation. 82 (5): 589–96. doi:10.1053/apmr.2001.21948. PMID 11346833.
↑  New PW, Cripps RA, Bonne Lee B (February 2014). "Global maps of non-traumatic spinal cord injury epidemiology: towards a living data repository". Spinal Cord. 52 (2): 97–109. doi:10.1038/sc.2012.165. PMID 23318556.
↑  Sabharwal 2013, p. 24.
↑  van den Berg ME, Castellote JM, de Pedro-Cuesta J, Mahillo-Fernandez I (August 2010). "Survival after spinal cord injury: a systematic review". Journal of Neurotrauma. 27 (8): 1517–28. doi:10.1089/neu.2009.1138. PMID 20486810.
↑  Fulk, Behrman & Schmitz 2013, p. 890.
↑  Moore 2006, pp. 530–31.
1 2  Sabharwal 2013, p. 31.
1 2  Sabharwal 2013, p. 32.
↑  Sabharwal 2013, p. 33.