شکل برگ‌ها
شکل‌های برگ‌ها

در دانش گیاه‌شناسی برگ‌ها به شکل‌های زیر دسته‌بندی می‌شوند (لاتین، به همراه توضیح انگلیسی و ترجمه پارسی آن):
Acicular (acicularis): Slender and pointed, needle-like (سوزنی‌شکل)
Acuminate (acuminata): Tapering to a long point (هرمی‌شکل)
Acute: pointed, having a short sharp apex angled less than ۹۰° (دارای زاویهٔ تند کمتر از ۹۰ درجه)
Aristate (aristata): Ending in a stiff, bristle-like point (دارای انتهای زبر و محکم)
Asymmetrical: With the blade shape different on each side of the midrib (با اجزاء گوناگون تیغی‌شکل)
Basal: arising from the crown, bulb, rhizome or corm, etc. as opposed to cauline (تاجی‌شکل، چراغی‌شکل)
Bipinnate (bipinnata): Each leaflet also pinnate (پرمانند)
Caudate: tailed at the apex (دم‌دار)
Cauline: borne on the stem as opposed to basal (موازی با ساقه)
Compound: Not simple; the leaf is broken up into separate leaflets, and the leaf blade is not continuous (دارای برگچه)
Cordate (cordata): Heart-shaped, with the petiole or stem attached to the cleft (قلب‌مانند)
Cuneate (cuneata): Triangular, stem attaches to point (مثلثی، وصل‌شده توسط سطح برگ)
Deltoid (deltoidea) or deltate: Triangular, stem attaches to side (مثلثی، توسط کناره‌های برگ)
Digitate (digitata): Divided into finger-like lobes (انگشت‌دار)
Elliptic (elliptica): Oval, with a short or no point (بیضی‌شکل)
Entire: having a smooth margin without notches or indentations (دارای یک لبه صاف و بدون شکاف و دندانه)
Falcate (falcata): Sickle-shaped (داسی‌شکل)
Fenestrate (fenestrata) "windowed" with holes (e.g. Monstera deliciosa or Aponogeton fenestralis), or window-like patches of translucent tissue. (cf Perforate) (پنجره‌مانند)
Filiform (filiformis): Thread- or filament-shaped (رشته‌ای‌شکل)
Flabellate (flabellata): Semi-circular, or fan-like (نیم‌دایره‌ای یا بادبزن‌مانند)
Hastate, spear-shaped (hastata): Pointed, with barbs, shaped like a spear point, with flaring pointed lobes at the base (نیزه‌مانند)
Laciniate: Very deeply lobed, the lobes being very drawn out, often making the leaf look somewhat like a branch or a pitchfork (چنگال‌مانند)
Laminar: Flat (like most leaves) (صاف، مانند اکثر برگ‌ها)
Lance-shaped, lanceolate (lanceolata): Long, wider in the middle (دراز و دارای میانه‌ای پهن)
Linear (linearis): Long and very narrow (دراز و باریک)
Lobed (lobata): With several points (دارای چندین نوک)
Mucronate: Ending abruptly in a sharp point (دارای انتهایی تیز)
Obcordate (obcordata): Heart-shaped, stem attaches to tapering point (قلب‌مانند)
Oblanceolate (oblanceolata): Top wider than bottom (انتهای فوقانی عریض تر از انتهای تحتانی)
Oblong (oblongus): Having an elongated form with slightly parallel sides (کشیده و قرینه)
Obovate (obovata): Teardrop-shaped, stem attaches to tapering point (اشکی‌شکل)
Obtuse (obtusus): With a blunt tip (دارای لبهٔ بی‌نوک)
Orbicular (orbicularis): Circular (دایره‌ای)
Ovate (ovata): Oval, egg-shaped, with a tapering point (تخم‌مرغی‌شکل)
Palmate (palmata): Consisting of leaflets or lobes radiating from the base of the leaf. (پنجه‌ای)
Pedate (pedata): Palmate, with cleft lobes (نخلی‌شکل)
Peltate (peltata): Rounded, stem underneath (دوار)
Perfoliate (perfoliata): Stem through the leaves (ساقه از میان برگ ردشده)
Perforate (perforata): marked with patches of translucent tissue, as in Crassula perforata and Hypericum perforatum, or perforated with holes (cf "Fenestrate") (مشخص‌شده با تکه‌های بافت شفاف)
Pinnate (pinnata): Two rows of leaflets (شانه‌ای)
Odd-pinnate, imparipinnate: Pinnate with a terminal leaflet (شانه‌ای فرد یا شانه‌ای بسته)
Paripinnate, even-pinnate: Pinnate lacking a terminal leaflet (شانه‌ای زوج یا شانه‌ای باز)
Pinnatifid and pinnatipartite: Leaves with pinnate lobes that are not discrete, remaining sufficiently connected to each other that they are not separate leaflets. (دارای برگچه‌های پیوسته و پرمانند)
Bipinnate, twice-pinnate: The leaflets are themselves pinnately-compound (دوشانه‌ای یا شانه‌ای مضاعف)
Tripinnate, thrice-pinnate: The leaflets are themselves bipinnate (سه‌شانه‌ای)
Tetrapinnate: The leaflets are themselves tripinnate. (چهارشانه‌ای)
Pinnatisect (pinnatifida): Cut, but not to the midrib (it would be pinnate then) (برش‌خورده)
Serenoa repens showing pleated elliptic leaves of seedling and pleated palmate leaves of mature plant (بیضوی‌شکل)
Plicate (plicatus, plicata): folded into pleats, usually lengthwise, serving the function of stiffening a large leaf. (تاشده به شکل بیضی)
Pungent: Having hard, sharp points. (دارای انتهای تیز و زبر)
Reniform (reniformis): Kidney-shaped (کلیه‌مانند)
Retuse: With a shallow notch in a broad apex (با یک شکاف کم‌عمق در انتهای فوقانی عریضش)
Rhomboid (rhomboidalis): Diamond-shaped (الماس‌مانند)
Round (rotundifolia): Circular (گرد یا دایره‌مانند)
Sagittate (sagittata): Arrowhead-shaped (تیرکمانی)
Simple: Leaf blade in one continuous section, not divided into leaflets (not compound) (به شکل یک تیغ کلی)
Spear-shaped (نیزه‌مانند)
Spatulate, spathulate (spathulata): Spoon-shaped (قاشق‌مانند)
Subulate (subulata): Awl-shaped with a tapering point (درفش‌مانند)
Subobtuse (subobtusa): Somewhat blunted, neither blunt nor sharp (نیمه‌تیز)
Sword-shaped (ensiformis): Long, thin, pointed (دراز، باریک و ریز)
Trifoliate (or trifoliolate), ternate (trifoliata): Divided into three leaflets (سه‌برگچه‌ای)
Tripinnate (tripinnata): Pinnately compound in which each leaflet is itself bipinnate (سه‌شانه‌ای)
Truncate (truncata): With a squared off end (با انتهای مربعی‌شکل)
Unifoliate (unifoliata): With a single leaf (تک‌برگی)
| Image | Term | Latin | Refers principally to | Description |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | acicular | acicularis | whole leaf | Slender and pointed, needle-like |
|  | acuminate | acuminatus | leaf tip | Tapering to a long point in a concave manner |
|  | acute |  | leaf tip or base | Pointed, having a short sharp apex angled less than 90° |
|  | apiculate | apiculatus | leaf tip | Tapering and ending in a short, slender point |
|  | aristate | aristatus | leaf tip | Ending in a stiff, bristle-like point |
|  | asymmetrical |  | whole leaf | With the blade shape different on each side of the midrib |
|  | attenuate | attenuatus | leaf base | Having leaf tissue taper down the petiole to a narrow base and always having some leaf material on each side of the petiole |
|  | auriculate | auriculatus | leaf base | Having ear-shaped appendages reaching beyond the attachment to the petiole or stem (in case of a seated leaf) |
|  | caudate | caudatus | leaf tip | Tailed at the apex |
|  | cirrus, cirrate |  | leaf tip | Having a rachis that extends beyond the leaf blade or leaflets into a long whip-like extension or cirrus (common in climbing palms); antonym: ecirrate |
|  | cordate, cordiform | cordatus | whole leaf or base | Heart-shaped, with the petiole or stem attached to the notch |
|  | cuneate | cuneatus | leaf base | Triangular, wedge-shaped, stem attaches to point |
|  | cuneiform |  | whole leaf | Narrowly triangular, widest on the opposite end from the stem, with the corners at that end rounded |
|  | cuspidate | cuspidatus | leaf tip | With a sharp, elongated, rigid tip; tipped with a cusp |
|  | deltoid, deltate | deltoideus | whole leaf | Shaped like the Greek letter delta; triangular with stem attached to side |
|  | digitate | digitatus | whole leaf | A palmately compound leaf with leaflets, similar to palmate |
|  | ecirrate |  | leaf tip | Without a cirrus; antonym: cirrate |
|  | elliptic | ellipticus | whole leaf | Shaped like an ellipse (widest at mid-blade and with similar convex tapering towards apex and base), with a short or no point |
|  | emarginate | emarginatus | leaf tip | Slightly indented at the tip |
|  | ensiform | ensiformis | whole leaf | Shaped like a sword; long and narrow with a sharp pointed tip |
|  | falcate | falcatus | whole leaf | Sickle-shaped |
|  | fenestrate | fenestratus | leaf surface features | Large openings through the leaf; see perforate; sometimes used to describe leaf epidermal windows |
|  | filiform | filiformis | whole leaf | Thread- or filament-shaped |
|  | flabellate | flabellatus | whole leaf | Semi-circular or fan-like |
|  | hastate | hastatus | whole leaf or base | Spear-shaped: pointed, with barbs, shaped like a spear point, with flaring pointed lobes at the base |
|  | laciniate | lacinatus | whole leaf | Very deeply lobed with the lobes being very drawn out and often making the leaf look somewhat like a branch or a pitchfork |
|  | laminar |  | 3-D shape | Flat (like most leaves) |
|  | lanceolate | lanceolatus | whole leaf | Long, wider in the middle, shaped like a lance tip |
|  | linear | linearis | whole leaf | Long and very narrow like a blade of grass |
|  | lobed | lobatus | whole leaf | Being divided by clefts; may be pinnately lobed or palmately lobed |
|  | lorate | loratus | whole leaf | Having the form of a thong or strap |
|  | lyrate | lyratus | whole leaf | Shaped like a lyre, pinnately lobed leaf with an enlarged terminal lobe and smaller lateral lobes. See also List of lyrate plants. |
|  | mucronate | mucronatus | leaf tip | Ending abruptly in a small sharp point as a continuation of the midrib |
|  | multifid | multi + findere | whole leaf | Cleft into many parts or lobes |
|  | obcordate | obcordatus | whole leaf | Heart-shaped, stem attaches at the tapering end |
|  | oblanceolate | oblanceolatus | whole leaf | Much longer than wide and with the widest portion near the tip; reversed lanceolate |
|  | oblique |  | leaf base | Asymmetrical leaf base, with one side lower than the other |
|  | oblong | oblongus | whole leaf | Having an elongated form with slightly parallel sides; roughly rectangular |
|  | obovate | obovatus | whole leaf | Teardrop-shaped, stem attaches to the tapering end; reversed ovate |
|  | obtrullate |  | whole leaf | Reversed trullate; the longer sides meet at the base rather than the apex. |
|  | obtuse | obtusus | leaf tip or base | Blunt, forming an angle > 90° |
|  | orbicular | orbicularis | whole leaf | Circular |
|  | ovate | ovatus | whole leaf | Egg-shaped, with a tapering point and the widest portion near the petiole |
|  | palmate | palmatus | whole leaf | Palm-shaped, i.e. with lobes or leaflets stemming from the leaf base |
|  | palmately lobed | palmatus | whole leaf | Lobes spread radially from a point |
|  | palmatifid | palma + findere | whole leaf | Palm-shaped, having lobes with incisions that extend less than halfway toward the petiole |
|  | palmatipartite | palma + partiri | whole leaf | Having palmate lobes with incisions that extend over halfway toward the petiole |
|  | palmatisect | palma + secare | whole leaf | Having palmate lobes with incisions that extend almost up, but not quite to the petiole. |
|  | pandurate | panduratus | whole leaf | Fiddle-shaped; obovate with a constriction near the middle. |
|  | pedate | pedatus | whole leaf | Palmate, with cleft lobes |
|  | سپروار | peltatus | stem attachment | A round leaf where the petiole attaches near the center, e.g. a lotus leaf |
|  | perfoliate | perfoliatus | stem attachment | With the leaf blade surrounding the stem such that the stem appears to pass through the leaf |
|  | perforate | perforatus | leaf surface features | Many holes, or perforations, on leaf surface. Compare with fenestrate. |
|  | pinnately lobed | pinna + lobus | whole leaf | Having lobes pinnately arranged on the central axis |
|  | pinnatifid | pinna + findere | whole leaf | Having lobes with incisions that extend less than halfway to the midrib |
|  | pinnatipartite | pinnatus + partiri | whole leaf | Having lobes with incisions that extend more than halfway to the midrib |
|  | pinnatisect | pinnatus + sectus | whole leaf | Having lobes with incisions that extend almost to, or up to, the midrib |
|  | plicate | plicatus | 3-D shape | Folded into pleats, usually lengthwise, serving the function of stiffening a large leaf |
|  | reniform | reniformis | whole leaf | Shaped like a kidney, with an inward curve on one side |
|  | retuse |  | leaf tip | With a shallow notch in a round apex |
|  | rhomboid, rhombic | rhomboidalis | whole leaf | Diamond-shaped |
|  | rounded | rotundifolius | leaf tip or base | Circular, no distinct point |
|  | semiterete |  | 3-D shape | Rounded on one side and flat on the other |
|  | sinuate | sinuatus | 3-D shape | Circularly-lobed leaves |
|  | sagittate | sagittatus | whole leaf | Arrowhead-shaped with the lower lobes folded, or curled downward |
|  | spatulate | spathulatus | whole leaf | Spoon-shaped; having a broad flat end which tapers to the base |
|  | spear-shaped | hastatus | whole leaf | See hastate. |
|  | subobtuse | subobtusus | leaf tip or base | Somewhat blunted; neither blunt nor sharp |
|  | subulate | subulatus | leaf tip | Awl-shaped with a tapering point |
|  | terete |  | 3-D shape | Cylindrical with a circular or distorted circular cross-section and a single surface wrapping around it with no grooves or ridges. Subterete means the leaves are not completely terete, as seen in various lichens and succulents. |
|  | trullate |  | whole leaf | Shaped like a masonry trowel |
|  | truncate | truncatus | leaf tip or base | With a squared-off end |
|  | undulate | undulatus | 3-D shape | Wave-like |
|  | unifoliate | unifoliatus | compound leaves | With a single leaflet; it is distinct from a simple leaf by the presence of two abscission layers and often by petiolules and stipels. |