البرمجة المتعلمة (ذاتية التعلم)
مراجع

1 2 3  v w x y z Knuth، Donald E. (1984). "Literate Programming" (PDF). جمعية الحاسبات البريطانية. ج. 27 ع. 2: 97–111. DOI:10.1093/comjnl/27.2.97. مؤرشف من الأصل (PDF) في 2023-07-16. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2009-01-04.
↑  Schulte، Eric (2012). "A Multi-Language Computing Environment for Literate Programming and Reproducible Research" (PDF). Journal of Statistical Software. ج. 46 ع. 3. DOI:10.18637/jss.v046.i03. مؤرشف (PDF) من الأصل في 2014-11-09. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2020-05-30.
↑  . ص. 1–11. {{استشهاد بمنشورات مؤتمر}}: الوسيط |title= غير موجود أو فارغ (مساعدة)
↑  "I had the feeling that top-down and bottom-up were opposing methodologies: one more suitable for program exposition and the other more suitable for program creation. But after gaining experience with WEB, I have come to realize that there is no need to choose once and for all between top-down and bottom-up, because a program is best thought of as a web instead of a tree. A hierarchical structure is present, but the most important thing about a program is its structural relationships. A complex piece of software consists of simple parts and simple relations between those parts; the programmer's task is to state those parts and those relationships, in whatever order is best for human comprehension not in some rigidly determined order like top-down or bottom-up." — Donald E. Knuth, Literate Programming[1]
↑  If one remembers that the first version of the tool was called WEB, the amusing literary reference hidden by Knuth in these names becomes obvious: "Oh, what a tangled web we weave when first we practise to deceive" – والتر سكوت, in Canto VI, Stanza 17 of Marmion (1808) an epic poem about the معركة فلودين in 1513. – the actual citation appeared as an epigraph in a May 1986 article by Jon Bentley and Donald Knuth in one of the classical Programming Pearls columns in Communications of the ACM, vol 29 num 5 on p.365
↑  "Literate Programming" (PDF). archive.computerhistory.org. مؤرشف من الأصل (PDF) في 2023-07-16. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2019-06-03.
↑  «"WEB's macros are allowed to have at most one parameter. Again, I did this in the interests of simplicity, because I noticed that most applications of multiple parameters could in fact be reduced to the one-parameter case. For example, suppose that you want to define something like... In other words, the name of one macro can usefully be a parameter to another macro. This particular trick makes it possible to..."»
1 2  Knuth، Donald E.؛ Binstock، Andrew (25 أبريل 2008). "Interview with Donald Knuth". مؤرشف من الأصل في 2023-07-28. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2009-01-04. Yet to me, literate programming is certainly the most important thing that came out of the تخ (برمجية) project. Not only has it enabled me to write and maintain programs faster and more reliably than ever before, and been one of my greatest sources of joy since the 1980s-it has actually been indispensable at times. Some of my major programs, such as the MMIX meta-simulator, could not have been written with any other methodology that I've ever heard of. The complexity was simply too daunting for my limited brain to handle; without literate programming, the whole enterprise would have flopped miserably. ... Literate programming is what you need to rise above the ordinary level of achievement.
↑  «"Another surprising thing that I learned while using WEB was that traditional programming languages had been causing me to write inferior programs, although I hadn't realized what I was doing. My original idea was that WEB would be merely a tool for documentation, but I actually found that my WEB programs were better than the programs I had been writing in other languages."»
↑  «"Thus the WEB language allows a person to express programs in a "stream of consciousness" order. TANGLE is able to scramble everything up into the arrangement that a PASCAL compiler demands. This feature of WEB is perhaps its greatest asset; it makes a WEB-written program much more readable than the same program written purely in PASCAL, even if the latter program is well commented. And the fact that there's no need to be hung up on the question of top-down versus bottom-up, since a programmer can now view a large program as a web, to be explored in a psychologically correct order is perhaps the greatest lesson I have learned from my recent experiences."»
↑  ""Oral History of Donald Knuth"- an Interview with Ed Feigenbaum" (PDF). archive.computerhistory.org. مؤرشف من الأصل (PDF) في 2023-07-16. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2018-12-07.
1 2  Dominus، Mark-Jason (20 مارس 2000). "POD is not Literate Programming". Perl.com. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2009-01-02.
↑  «"I chose the name WEB partly because it was one of the few three-letter words of English that hadn't already been applied to computers. But as time went on, I've become extremely pleased with the name, because I think that a complex piece of software is, indeed, best regarded as a web that has been delicately pieced together from simple materials. We understand a complicated system by understanding its simple parts, and by understanding the simple relations between those parts and their immediate neighbors. If we express a program as a web of ideas, we can emphasize its structural properties in a natural and satisfying way."»
↑  Bentley، Jon؛ D. E. Knuth؛ M. D. McIlroy (1986). "Programming pearls" (PDF). Communications of the ACM. ج. 29 ع. 6: 471–483. DOI:10.1145/5948.315654. مؤرشف من الأصل (PDF) في 2023-07-16.
↑  Mahoney، Michael S. (18 أغسطس 1989). "Interview with M. D. McIlroy". مؤرشف من الأصل في 2023-07-16.
↑  Van Wyk، Christopher J.؛ Hanson، David R.؛ Gilbert، John (يوليو 1987). "Literate programming" (PDF). Communications of the ACM. ج. 30 ع. 7: 593–599. DOI:10.1145/28569.315738. مؤرشف من الأصل (PDF) في 2023-07-16.
1 2 3 4  Ramsey، Norman (13 مايو 2008). "An Example of noweb". مؤرشف من الأصل في 2023-07-16. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2009-01-04.
↑  The game, also known as ADVENT, was originally written by Crowther in about 700 lines of FORTRAN code; Knuth recast it into the WEB idiom. It is available at literateprogramming.com or on Knuth's website نسخة محفوظة 2008-08-20 على موقع واي باك مشين..
↑  de Marneffe، Pierre Arnoul (ديسمبر 1973). "Holon Programming – A Survey". Missing Journal: 135.
↑  Ream، Edward K. (2 سبتمبر 2008). "Leo's Home Page". مؤرشف من الأصل في 2023-07-16. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2015-04-03.
↑  Mountbatten، Sian. "Web 68: Literate programming with Algol 68". مؤرشف من الأصل في 2013-01-20. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2013-01-01.
↑  "TEI Guidelines". TEI Consortium. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2018-08-22. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2018-08-23.