معمودية
مراجع

↑  وصلة مرجع: https://ich.unesco.org/doc/src/47647.pdf. الوصول: 2 يناير 2024.
1 2  نور الدين خليل (2008). قاموس الأديان الكبرى الثلاثة: اليهودية والمسيحية والإسلامية (بالعربية والإنجليزية). مراجعة: محمود آدم. الإسكندرية: مؤسسة حورس الدولية للطباعة والنشر. ص. 73. ISBN:978-977-368-087-9. OCLC:166560426. OL:45068455M. QID:Q125055340.
↑  St. Paul: Romans 8:15 "the spirit of adoption" ("of sonship" RSV), Galatians 4:5 "adoption of sons", Ephesians 1:5 "the adoption of children by يسوع" ("to be his sons through Jesus Christ" RSV).
↑  "Baptism"، Encyclopædia Britannica
↑  For example, "baptized in the Catholic Church" (Second Vatican Council, Lumen gentium, 28 نسخة محفوظة September 6, 2014, على موقع واي باك مشين.
↑  McKim, Donald K. (14 Apr 2014). The Westminster Dictionary of Theological Terms, Second Edition: Revised and Expanded (بالإنجليزية). Presbyterian Publishing Corp. p. 27. ISBN:978-1-61164-386-2. baptism, modes of The manner in which baptism is administered. Main modes of baptism are immersion (dipping or plunging), pouring (affusion), and sprinkling (aspersion).
 baptism, trine The practice of sprinkling, pouring, or immersing three times in the act of baptism. This ancient practice emphasized the distinctions of the three members of the Trinity, even as the act of baptism itself was one action that emphasizes the oneness of the Godhead.
↑  Hale, Tom; Thorson, Steve (10 Dec 2012). Applied New Testament Bible Commentary (بالإنجليزية). David C. Cook. ISBN:978-1-4347-6642-7. There are three main methods of baptism: immersion, sprinkling, and pouring. In most churches sprinkling or pouring of water on the head of the recipient is practiced. If infants are baptized, sprinkling or pouring is usually used, although infant immersion has been practiced in the past. For adults, all three methods have been used. Very ill adults or those in unfavorable habitats of the world, such as deserts and ice-locked lands, usually do not receive baptism by immersion. However, in one place or another, all three methods have been practiced since the days of the early church.
↑  Pizzey, Antonia (2019). Receptive Ecumenism and the Renewal of the Ecumenical Movement: The Path of Ecclesial Conversion (بالإنجليزية). دار بريل للنشر. p. 131. ISBN:978-90-04-39780-4. Baptism into Christ unites all Christians, despite ther divisions. It is relationship with Christ through baptism, which enables relationship with other Christians. According to Congar, "on the basis of the baptism which incorporates us into Christ and the Word which is our Christian norm, [ecumenism's] aim is to carry out the will and the prayer of Christ, which is that his disciples should be united." The Christological foundation of Spiritual Ecumenism affirms that ecumenism is not our idea or goal, but rather Christ's will and prayer for us. Moreover, Christian unity already exists to some exent among all baptised Christians because of their relationship with Christ. Only through Christ is ecumenism possible. Kasper explains that Spiritual Ecumenism's fundamental Christological basis means that any ecumenical spirituality "will also be a sacramental spirituality." Baptism is "therefore a basic element of ecumenical spirituality."
↑  "Becoming a Christian: The Ecumenical Implications of Our Common Baptism" (بالإنجليزية). مجلس الكنائس العالمي. 24 Jan 1997. Archived from the original on 2021-06-17. Retrieved 2020-09-13.
↑  Church of England: Weddings, Baptisms & Funerals، Anglican، مؤرشف من الأصل في 2018-09-15
↑  Faelli، Rita (2006)، Christianity: History, Beliefs, Worship and Celebrations، Blake Education، ص. 23، ISBN:9781741641011، مؤرشف من الأصل في 2016-10-22
1 2  Cross، Frank Leslie؛ Elizabeth A. Livingstone (2005). "Baptism". The Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church. أكسفورد: دار نشر جامعة أكسفورد. ص. 151–154. ISBN:0-19-280290-9. OCLC:58998735.
1 2  McGrath، James (23 يناير 2015)، "The First Baptists, The Last Gnostics: The Mandaeans"، YouTube-A lunchtime talk about the Mandaeans by Dr. James F. McGrath at Butler University، مؤرشف من الأصل في 2022-05-03، اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2021-11-03
↑  Rudolph، Kurt (1977). "Mandaeism". في Moore، Albert C. (المحرر). Iconography of Religions: An Introduction. Chris Robertson. ج. 21. ISBN:9780800604882. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2022-05-04.
↑  Pickett، Joseph P، المحرر (2000). "baptism". قاموس التراث الأمريكي للغة الإنجليزية (ط. 4th). Boston: هوتون ميفلين هاركورت. ISBN:0-395-82517-2. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2007-08-24. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2009-02-24.
↑  Unger، Merrill F (2004)، The Baptism & Gifts of the Holy Spirit، Moody Press، ص. 34، ISBN:978-0-8024-0467-1، مؤرشف من الأصل في 2016-10-22
↑  "Baptize"، Online Etymology Dictionary
↑  قاموس التراث الأمريكي للغة الإنجليزية, page 33. نسخة محفوظة 2020-07-26 على موقع واي باك مشين.
↑  Kittel، Gerhard، المحرر (1964). Theological Dictionary of the New Testament. ترجمة: Bromiley، Geoffrey. Grand Rapids, MI, USA: Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing Company. ج. 1. ص. 529–530.
↑  Buckley, Jorunn Jacobsen. The Mandaeans: Ancient Texts and Modern People. Oxford University Press, 2002.p4
↑  Drower, Ethel Stefana. The Mandaeans of Iraq and Iran. Oxford At The Clarendon Press, 1937.
↑  Old، Hughes Oliphant (1992). The Shaping of the Reformed Baptismal Rite in the Sixteenth Century. Grand Rapids, MI: William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company. ص. 3, 7. ISBN:978-0802824899. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2020-07-31.
↑  Old، Hughes Oliphant (1992). The Shaping of the Reformed Baptismal Rite in the Sixteenth Century. ص. 7–8. ISBN:978-0802836991. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2020-07-31.
↑  "Baptism and Its Purpose". Lutheran Church–Missouri Synod. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2009-02-06. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2009-02-24.
↑  "Mandeans"، US News، مؤرشف من الأصل في 2013-10-21
↑  Yamauchi، Edwin M (2004)، Gnostic Ethics and Mandaean Origins، Gorgias Press، ص. 20، ISBN:978-1-931956-85-7، مؤرشف من الأصل في 2022-05-14
↑  Pearson، Birger A. (14 يوليو 2011). "Baptism in Sethian Gnostic Texts". Ablution, Initiation, and Baptism. De Gruyter. ص. 119–144. DOI:10.1515/9783110247534.119. ISBN:978-3-11-024751-0.
المعمودية