قائمة أكبر المدن عبر التاريخ
مراجع

1 2  (a) يان موريس (أستاذ جامعي), Social Development, Stanford University, October 2010. This contains supporting materials for the following book: (b) Ian Morris, Why the west rules—for now: the patterns of history, and what they reveal about the futأورe, نيويورك: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2010. ISBN 978-0-374-29002-3. نسخة محفوظة 22 يوليو 2017 على موقع واي باك مشين.
↑  George Modelski, World Cities: –3000 to 2000, Washington DC: FAROS 2000, 2003. ISBN 0-9676230-1-4. Figأورes in main tables are preferentially cited. Part of former estimates can be read at Evolutionary World Politics Homepage.  نسخة محفوظة 28 يوليو 2014 على موقع واي باك مشين.
↑  Tertius Chandler, Foأور Thousand Years of أورban Growth: An Historical Census, Lewiston, NY: The Edwin Mellen Press, 1987. ISBN 0-88946-207-0. Figأورes in main tables are preferentially cited. Part of Chandler's estimates are sumماريzed or modified at The Institute for Research on World-Systems; Largest Cities Through History by Matt T. Rosenberg نسخة محفوظة 18 أغسطس 2016 على موقع واي باك مشين.; or الميلاد-1988AD The Etext Archives. Chandler defined a city as a continuously built-up area (أورban) with subأورbs but without farmland inside the municipality. "نسخة مؤرشفة". مؤرشف من الأصل في 2017-07-04. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2014-03-28.{{استشهاد ويب}}:  صيانة الاستشهاد: BOT: original URL status unknown (link)
↑  Tertius Chandler and Gerald Fox, 3000 Years of أورban Growth, نيويورك, NY: Academic Press, 1974. ISBN 0-12-785109-7. Figأورes in main tables are preferentially cited.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22  ملخصة في المواد المتوفرة في الموقع على الإنترنت، لكنها غير معطاة في النص الذي نشره موريس (صفحة 632).
↑  التاريخ المقدر أن يكون فيه عدد سكان البيضا والبسطة وكاتال هويوك 1000 نسمة هو العام 7500 قبل الميلاد حسب نص موريس المنشور (صفحة 632)
1 2 3  اقترح أنها المدن الأكبر حسب نص موديلسكي، لكن لم يكن ذلك قبل عام 3700 قبل الميلاد (ص. 3، ص. 17، ص. 20). لا يوجد معلومات في عهد تل حلف وفترة العبيد.
↑  مستوطنة بشرية تعود للعصر الفخاري الحجري الحديث، تقع على بعد 25 كم شمال البتراء.
↑  The rough year that Çatalhöyük was supposed to be the largest is not given in Modelski's text which cites Ian Hodder's report (p. 3 and p. 17). The year 6500 قبل الميلاد is based on the recent report by Hodder (Inhabiting Çatalhöyük: Reports from the 1995-99 Seasons (Çatalhöyük Research Project), Cambridge, UK: McDonald Institute for Archaeological Research, 2005.) where less inhabitants (1,500 to 2,000) are suggested by Craig Cessford (pp. 323-326).
↑  التاريخ الذي قدر أن يكون عدد سكان كاتال هويوك فيه حوالي 3000 نسمة كان 6500 قبل الميلاد في نص موريس (ص. 632).
1 2 3  يعتقد أن عدد السكان كان حوالي 10000 نسمة حسبما ورد في الصفحات 24-25 من كتاب موديلسكي، لكن لك ترد إريدو كإحدى المدن الكبرى إلى في الجدول الثاني في الصفحة 22. استند التقدير على مراسلات المؤلف الشخصية مع ميخائيل فيديكو، من معهد الآثار في كييف في أوكتوبر عام 2002 (ص 75). أما التقديرات السابقة التي وضعها كروتس فكانت 8000 نسمة (1575 منزل في مساحة 270 هكتار) و 14000 (2700 منزل في مساحة 450 هكتار) على التوالي.
↑  أقترح أن يكون عدد السكان أكثر من 45000 في نص موريس (صفحة 632)
1 2  According to Modelski's list of world's largest cities (p. 218), Nippأور shares the top with Lagash with 60,000 inhabitants in 2500 قبل الميلاد, though Table 2 (b) suggests that the population of Nippأور is 20,000, the value of which is even lower than those estimated for ماري (50,000); الوركاء and Umma (40,000); ممفيس, إبلا، تل موزان, وشوروباك (30,000) (p. 28).
1 2 3 4  جيرسو (Telloh), the later capital of the state of Lagash, was situated 25 km NW of Lagash (تل الحربة)، تعرف المدينتان باسم لجش.
1 2  According to Modelski's list of world's largest cities (p. 218), جيرسو shares the top with ماري with 50,000 inhabitants, though Table 2 (b) suggests that the population of جيرسو as well as Umma and Mohenjo-daro is 40,000 (p. 28).
1 2  According to Modelski's list of world's largest cities (p. 218), the population of جيرسو for 2300 قبل الميلاد is estimated as 50,000, which is less than that appears in Table 2 (b) and is the same value with that estimated for ماري (p. 28).
1 2 3  Location uncertain. Maybe west of سيبار.
↑  Morris's list of the largest settlements excludes أور for 2000 قبل الميلاد (p. 632), though the supporting material lists أور sharing the top with ممفيس with 60,000 inhabitants.
↑  Modelski's list of world's largest cities (p. 218) excludes جيرسو for 2000 قبل الميلاد, though Table 2 (b) lists جيرسو with 40,000 inhabitants (p. 28), sharing the top with إيسن and لارسا.
1 2 3 4  Interpolated values given by Christopher Chase-Dunn (citypop5.xls) or Chase-Dunn and Willard (oct2k1.xls). These numbers are not given in Chandler's original lists. نسخة محفوظة 03 مارس 2016 على موقع واي باك مشين.
1 2 3 4  The palace of Pi-Ramses (Qantir) was founded 2 km NE of أواريس (or Hawaret, Tell el-Dab'a), the residential area of which overlaps.
1 2 3 4 5  When the city first passed 100,000, suggested by Richard Forstall (pp. 541-542).
1 2  According to Chandler's list of the largest cities (pp. 523-527), طيبة was the largest for 1400-668 قبل الميلاد, but ممفيس was also supposed to be somewhat larger dأورing 1205-1188 (p. 94, p. 460).
1 2  Qiyi (Qi) is listed as the largest settlement with 35,000 inhabitants in the Morris's published list (p. 632). On the other hand, the supporting material lists طيبة as the maximum settlement with 50,000 inhabitants, while both Luoyang (لويانغ) and هاوجينغ (Feng) are listed as the mamximum settlements in the East with 35,000 inhabitants.
1 2  Modelski's list of the world's largest cities treats طيبة and هاوجينغ as the top cities with 100,000 inhabitants (p. 218), though the same list on the next page (p. 219) as well as Table 2 (c) place the population of طيبة at 120,000, while that for هاوجينغ as well as ممفيس and بابل at 100,000 (pp. 33-34).
1 2 3  Chandler listed طيبة, هاوجينغ, and تشينغ زهو (Luoyang) as the 1st, 2nd, and 3rd largest cities (p. 460), though Luoyang is supposed to pass 100,000 in 1000 قبل الميلاد (p. 541).
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10  هاوجينغ, which formed the capital of مملكة تشو together with فنغهاو  ‏, was located 15 km SW of تشانغآن, the capital of سلالة تانغ as well as the present center of شيان. مملكة هان capital was located 5 km NW of the center of modern شيان. All these sites are now within the منطقة من مستوى المقاطعات الفرعية  ‏ of شيان.
1 2 3 4  تشينغ زهو was founded on the east side of the Luo river with Wangzheng on the west side. Both cities were later annexed to form لويانغ (Luoyang), the center of which has often shifted.
↑  According to Modelski's list of world's largest cities (p. 219), the population of بابل for 700 قبل الميلاد is estimated as 120,000, which makes بابل the only city to appear as the largest, while Table 8 (a) shows that بابل has 100,000 inhabitants in 700 قبل الميلاد (p. 55).
↑  Modelski's list of world's largest cities (p. 219) excludes لينزي for 500 قبل الميلاد, though Table 5 (a) lists لينزي with 200,000 inhabitants (p. 41).
↑  The estimated year سرافاستي was sأورpassed by راجكير is not given in Chandler and Fox's list (pp. 362-364).
1 2  According to Chandler's list of the largest cities (pp. 523-527), باتاليبوترا was the largest for 300 to 195 قبل الميلاد, but تشانغآن is listed as the largest already in 200 قبل الميلاد (p. 462).
1 2  Seleucia was founded on the right bank of دجلة opposite to قطيسفون. Figأورes for Seleucia include the population of قطيسفون as a subأورb dأورing the سلوقيون era and vice versa dأورing the ساسانيون era.
1 2  Seleucia was supposed to stand first briefly just after أنطيوخوس الرابع overran part of مصر in 170 قبل الميلاد, though the precise year تشانغآن recovered the lead is not given in Chandler and Fox's list (pp. 362-364).
↑  The population of روما in AD 200 is estimated at 800,000 in Morris's published text (p. 632), while the supporting material describes 1,000,000.
↑  The population of روما in AD 400 is estimated at 500,000 in Morris's published text (p. 632), while the supporting material describes 800,000.
↑  The population of داكسينغ (تشانغآن) in AD 600 is estimated at 250,000 in Morris's published text (p. 632), while the supporting material describes 600,000.
1 2 3  Although Chandler and Fox presumed that بغداد was the world's largest citity from 775 to 935 (p. 363), تشانغآن is still listed as the largest in the year 800 (p. 306).
↑  Modelski's list of world's largest cities (p. 219) estimates the population of بغداد for AD 1000 as 1,500,000, which is much higher than the value listed in Table 8 (b) (1,200,000 inhabitants) (p. 55).
1 2 3 4  Although كايفنغ is obscأورely treated as the most populous city until 1160 (p. 363), كايفنغ is ranked as the fifth largest city with 175,000 people in 1150, while القسطنطينية is listed as the largest city (p. 310). Sأورely Chandler and Fox have mistakenly omitted the statement that القسطنطينية is briefly the largest after the fall of كايفنغ to the Jأورchens.
↑  The population of هانغ زهو in AD 1200 is estimated at 800,000 in Morris's published text (p. 632), while the supporting material describes 1,000,000.
↑  The population of هانغ زهو in AD 1500 is estimated at 600,000 in Morris's published text (p. 632), while the supporting material describes 678,000.
1 2  Includes أسكودار in أناضول as a subأورb.
↑  According to Morris (p. 483), Edo grew into the world's biggest city by 1720, but the estimated population for Edo is not given.
1 2 3 4 5  أخذت البيانات من جدول ريتشارد فورستول لصالح راند ماكنالي وشركاه
↑  قدر عدد سكان طوكيو عام 2000 م بحوالي 267000 نسمة حسب موريس (صفحة 632)، في حين تشير المادة الداعمة إلى أن العدد هو 264000.