آثار العنف في وسائل الإعلام
الحواشي

↑  Anderson، Craig A.؛ Berkowitz، Leonard؛ Donnerstein، Edward؛ Huesmann، L. Rowell؛ Johnson، James D.؛ Linz، Daniel؛ Malamuth، Neil M.؛ Wartella، Ellen (2003). "The influence of media violence on youth". Psychological Science in the Public Interest. ج. 4 ع. 3: 81–110. DOI:10.1111/j.1529-1006.2003.pspi_1433.x. PMID:26151870. مؤرشف من الأصل (PDF) في 2020-05-11.
↑  Media Violence Commission، International Society for Research on Aggression (Isra) (2012). "Report of the Media Violence Commission". Aggressive Behavior. ج. 38 ع. 5: 335–41. DOI:10.1002/ab.21443. PMID:22886500.
↑  Weaver، Erin (2007). "Based on a True Story: The Use of Truth on the Didactic Stage". Inquiry@Queen's ع. 1: 1–5.
1 2  Sparks, G.G., Sparks, E. A & Sparks, C.W. (2008) Media Violence. In J. Bryant (
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↑  Beresin، Eugene. "The Impact of Media Violence on Children and Adolescents: Opportunities for Clinical Interventions". American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. مؤرشف من الأصل في 20 يونيو 2013. اطلع عليه بتاريخ أكتوبر 2020. {{استشهاد ويب}}: تحقق من التاريخ في: |تاريخ الوصول= (مساعدة)
↑  Ferguson، Christopher؛ Dyck، Dominic (2012). "Paradigm change in aggression research: The time has come to retire the General Aggression Model" (PDF). Aggression and Violent Behavior. ج. 17 ع. 3: 220–228. DOI:10.1016/j.avb.2012.02.007. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2013-09-27.
↑  Mrug، Sylvie (1 يناير 2016). "Emotional Desensitization to Violence Contributes to Adolescents' Violent Behavior". Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology. ج. 44 ع. 1: 75–86. DOI:10.1007/s10802-015-9986-x. PMC:4539292. PMID:25684447.
↑  Surette، Ray (2013). "Cause or catalyst: The interaction of real world and media crime models". American Journal of Criminal Justice. ج. 38 ع. 3: 392–409. DOI:10.1007/s12103-012-9177-z.
↑  David Gauntlett (2005), Moving Experiences, second edition: Media Effects and Beyond, London: John Libbey نسخة محفوظة 5 أبريل 2018 على موقع واي باك مشين.
1 2  Anderson, C. A. & Bushman, B. J. (2001) Media Violence and the American Public: Scientific Facts Versus Media Misinformation. American Psychologist
↑  Media, Culture and Human Violence
↑  Sun Yanan؛ Lu Xuejing؛ Williams Mark؛ Thompson William Forde (2019). "Implicit violent imagery processing among fans and non-fans of music with violent themes". Royal Society Open Science. ج. 6 ع. 3: 181580. Bibcode:2019RSOS....681580S. DOI:10.1098/rsos.181580. PMC:6458399.
↑  "Listening to violent music does not desensitise people to violence, study suggests". ذي إندبندنت. 13 مارس 2019. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2019-12-19. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2019-03-13.
↑  name=Bushman, Rothstein, & Anderson (2010), Much Ado About Something: Violent Video Game Effects and a School of Red Herring: Reply to Ferguson and Kilburn (2010), American Psychological Association نسخة محفوظة 3 مايو 2013 على موقع واي باك مشين.
↑  Bushman، B.J.؛ Anderson، C.A. (2001). "Media violence and the American public: Scientific facts versus media misinformation". American Psychologist. ج. 56 ع. 6–7: 477–489. DOI:10.1037/0003-066x.56.6-7.477. PMID:11413871.
↑  Bushman، B.J.؛ Green، R.G. (1990). "Role of cognitive-emotional mediators and individual differences in the effects of media violence on aggression". Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. ج. 58 ع. 1: 156–163. DOI:10.1037/0022-3514.58.1.156. PMID:2308072.
↑  Block، J.J.؛ Crain، B.R. (2007). "Omissions and errors in "Media Violence and the American Public". American Psychologist. ج. 62 ع. 3: 252–253. DOI:10.1037/0003-066x.62.3.252. PMID:17469907.
↑  Phillips, D.P. (1986). Natural experiments on the effects of mass media violence on fatal aggression: Strengths and weaknesses of a new approach. In L. Berkowitz (Ed.), Advances in experimental social psychology (Vol.19, pp.207-250). Orlando, FL: Academic Press.
↑  Anderson، C. A.؛ Berkowitz، L.؛ Donnerstein، E.؛ Huesmann، L. R.؛ Johnson، J. D.؛ Linz، D.؛ Wartella، E. (2003). "The influence of media violence on youth". Psychological Science in the Public Interest. ج. 4 ع. 3: 81–110. DOI:10.1111/j.1529-1006.2003.pspi_1433.x. PMID:26151870.
↑  Jason، L. A.؛ Danielewicz، J.؛ Mesina، A. (2005). "Reducing media viewing: Implications for behaviorists". Journal of Early and Intensive Behavior Intervention. ج. 2 ع. 3: 194–206. DOI:10.1037/h0100313.
↑  Felson, R. B. (1996). Mass media effects on violent behavior. Annual Review of Sociology, 103-128
↑  Anderson, Craig A.; Berkowitz, Leonard; Donnerstein, Edward; Huesmann, L. Rowell; Johnson, James D.; Linz, Daniel; Malamuth, Neil M.; Wartella, Ellen (1 Dec 2003). "The Influence of Media Violence on Youth". Psychological Science in the Public Interest (بالإنجليزية). 4 (3): 81–110. DOI:10.1111/j.1529-1006.2003.pspi_1433.x. ISSN:1529-1006. PMID:26151870.
↑  Kanz, Kristina-Maria (13 Oct 2015). "Mediated and moderated effects of violent media consumption on youth violence". European Journal of Criminology (بالإنجليزية). 13 (2): 149–168. DOI:10.1177/1477370815608882. ISSN:1477-3708. Archived from the original on 2016-03-31.
↑  Browne، K. D.؛ Hamilton-Giachritsis، C. (2005). "The influence of violent media on children and adolescents: a public-health approach" (PDF). The Lancet. ج. 365 ع. 9460: 702–710. DOI:10.1016/s0140-6736(05)70938-7. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2018-03-29.
1 2  "Video Games and Youth Violence: A Prospective Analysis in Adolescents", Christopher J. Ferguson, Journal of Youth and Adolescence
↑  Dee Lushbough, Juliet (1 Jun 1987). "Media Accountability for Real-Life Violence: A Case of Negligence or Free Speech?". Journal of Communication (بالإنجليزية). 37 (2): 106–139. DOI:10.1111/j.1460-2466.1987.tb00986.x. ISSN:1460-2466.
↑  "American Psychological Society" (PDF). Psychologicalscience.org. مؤرشف من الأصل (PDF) في 2017-08-31. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2019-03-13.
↑  Office of the Surgeon General (US)؛ National Center for Injury Prevention and Control (US)؛ National Institute of Mental Health (US)؛ Center for Mental Health Services (US) (13 مارس 2019). "Youth Violence: A Report of the Surgeon General". Office of the Surgeon General (US). PMID:20669522. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2019-10-31. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2019-03-13 – عبر PubMed.
↑  Fanti، Kostas؛ Vanman، E؛ Henrich، CC؛ Avraamides، MN (2009). "Desensitization To Media Violence Over A Short Period of Time". Aggressive Behavior. ج. 35 ع. 2: 179–187. DOI:10.1002/ab.20295. PMID:19172659.
↑  Ramos، Raul؛ Ferguson، Christopher J.؛ Frailing، Kelly؛ Romero-Ramirez، Maria (2013). "Desensitization Comfortably numb or just yet another movie? Media violence exposure does not reduce viewer empathy for victims of real violence among primarily Hispanic viewers". Psychology of Popular Media Culture. ج. 2: 2–10. DOI:10.1037/a0030119.
↑  Gentile، D. A.؛ Lynch، P. J.؛ Linder، J. R.؛ Walsh، D. A. (2004). "The effects of violent video game habits on adolescent hostility, aggressive behaviors, and school performance". Journal of Adolescence. ج. 27 ع. 1: 5–22. DOI:10.1016/j.adolescence.2003.10.002. PMID:15013257.
↑  B. Lewis and J. Lewis, Health Communication: A Media and Cultural Studies Approach, Palgrave, London, Ch.s 1 and 2.
↑  Jeff Lewis (2015) Media, Culture and Human Violence, Rowman and Littlefield, Lanham, MD.
↑  See also S. Critchley (2014) The Faith of the Faithless, Verso, New York; John Gray (2007) Thoughts on Humans and Other Animals, Farrarm Los Angeles.