لوثرية
مراجع

↑  MSN Encarta, s.v. "Lutheranism نسخة محفوظة 31 يناير 2009 على موقع واي باك مشين." by George Wolfgang Forell  ‏; Christian Cyclopedia, s.v. "Reformation, Lutheran" by Lueker, E. et. al. Archived2009-10-31. Lutherans believe that the Roman Catholic Church is انتقاد الكنيسة الكاثوليكية.
↑  Markkola، P (2015). "The Long History of Lutheranism in Scandinavia. From State Religion to the People's Church". Perichoresis. ج. 13 ع. 2: 3–15. DOI:10.1515/perc-2015-0007.
↑  Fahlbusch, Erwin, and Bromiley, Geoffrey William, The Encyclopedia of Christianity, Volume 3. Grand Rapids, Michigan: Eerdmans, 2003. p. 362.
↑  Canons and Decrees of the Council of Trent, Fourth Session, Decree on Sacred Scripture (Denzinger 783 [1501]؛ Schaff 2:79–81). For a history of the discussion of various interpretations of the Tridentine decree, see Selby, Matthew L., The Relationship Between Scripture and Tradition according to the Council of Trent, unpublished Master's thesis, University of St Thomas, July 2013.
↑  For the traditional Lutheran view of the Bible, see Graebner، Augustus Lawrence (1910). Outlines of Doctrinal Theology. Saint Louis, MO: Concordia Publishing House. ص. 3ff. ISBN:978-0-524-04891-7. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2006-07-12.. For an overview of the doctrine of verbal inspiration in Lutheranism, see Inspiration, Doctrine of in the Christian Cyclopedia.
↑  Graebner، Augustus Lawrence (1910). Outlines of Doctrinal Theology. Saint Louis, MO: Concordia Publishing House. ص. 7ff. ISBN:978-0-524-04891-7. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2006-07-12., Engelder، Theodore E.W. (1934). Popular Symbolics: The Doctrines of the Churches of Christendom and Of Other Religious Bodies Examined in the Light of Scripture. Saint Louis, MO: Concordia Publishing House. ص. 29.
↑  Braaten, Carl E. (1983). Principles of Lutheran Theology. Philadelphia: Fortress Press, p. 9
↑  Preus, Robert. The Inspiration of Scripture: A Study of the Theology of the 17th Century Lutheran Dogmaticians. London: Oliver and Boyd, 1957. p. 39. نسخة محفوظة 2020-08-11 على موقع واي باك مشين.
↑  Benton، William، المحرر (1978). "Lutheran Churches". Encyclopædia Britannica (ط. 15). Chicago: Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. ج. 11. ص. 197–98. ISBN:978-0-85229-290-7.
↑  U.S. Religious Landscape Survey: Religious Beliefs and Practices, Diverse and Politically Relevant. Washington D.C.: Pew Forum on Religion and Public Life. June 2008. p. 127. Accessed online on 27 September 2009 at http://religions.pewforum.org/pdf/report2-religious-landscape-study-full.pdf. نسخة محفوظة 2015-05-05 على موقع واي باك مشين.
↑  Engelder، Theodore E.W. (1934). Popular Symbolics: The Doctrines of the Churches of Christendom and Of Other Religious Bodies Examined in the Light of Scripture. Saint Louis, MO: Concordia Publishing House. ص. 26. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2020-11-07.
↑  "God's Word, or Holy Scripture" from the Apology of the Augsburg Confession, Article II, of Original Sin نسخة محفوظة 2020-10-22 على موقع واي باك مشين.
↑  "the Scripture of the Holy Ghost." Apology to the Augsburg Confession, Preface, 9 نسخة محفوظة 2020-10-31 على موقع واي باك مشين.
↑  "The Solid Declaration of the Formula of Concord". مؤرشف من الأصل في 2020-09-28. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2015-03-05.
↑  Divination: Tobit 6:17, Prayer to the dead: 2 Macc. 12:42, Suicide: 2 Macc. 14:41–46,
↑  See Bible, Canon in the Christian Cyclopedia نسخة محفوظة 20 October 2009 على موقع واي باك مشين.
1 2 3  Engelder، Theodore E.W. (1934). Popular Symbolics: The Doctrines of the Churches of Christendom and Of Other Religious Bodies Examined in the Light of Scripture. Saint Louis, MO: Concordia Publishing House. ص. 27. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2020-11-07.
↑  Psalm 19:8, Psalm 119:105, Psalm 119:130, 2 Timothy 3:15, Deuteronomy 30:11, 2 Peter 1:19, Ephesians 3:3–4, John 8:31–32, 2 Corinthians 4:3–4, John 8:43–47, 2 Peter 3:15–16, Engelder، Theodore E.W. (1934). Popular Symbolics: The Doctrines of the Churches of Christendom and Of Other Religious Bodies Examined in the Light of Scripture. Saint Louis, MO: Concordia Publishing House. ص. 29., Graebner، Augustus Lawrence (1910). Outlines of Doctrinal Theology. Saint Louis, MO: Concordia Publishing House. ص. 11–12. ISBN:978-0-524-04891-7. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2006-07-12.
↑  Graebner، Augustus Lawrence (1910). Outlines of Doctrinal Theology. Saint Louis, MO: Concordia Publishing House. ص. 11. ISBN:978-0-524-04891-7. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2006-07-12., Engelder، Theodore E.W. (1934). Popular Symbolics: The Doctrines of the Churches of Christendom and Of Other Religious Bodies Examined in the Light of Scripture. Saint Louis, MO: Concordia Publishing House. ص. 28.
↑  Graebner، Augustus Lawrence (1910). Outlines of Doctrinal Theology. Saint Louis, MO: Concordia Publishing House. ص. 11. ISBN:978-0-524-04891-7. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2006-07-12.
↑  Engelder، Theodore E.W. (1934). Popular Symbolics: The Doctrines of the Churches of Christendom and Of Other Religious Bodies Examined in the Light of Scripture. Saint Louis, MO: Concordia Publishing House. ص. 28. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2020-11-07.
↑  Romans 1:16, 1 Thessalonians 2:13, Graebner، Augustus Lawrence (1910). Outlines of Doctrinal Theology. Saint Louis, MO: Concordia Publishing House. ص. 11. ISBN:978-0-524-04891-7. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2006-07-12., Engelder، Theodore E.W. (1934). Popular Symbolics: The Doctrines of the Churches of Christendom and Of Other Religious Bodies Examined in the Light of Scripture. Saint Louis, MO: Concordia Publishing House. ص. 27.
↑  Romans 1:16, 1 Thessalonians 1:5, Psalm 119:105, 2 Peter 1:19, 2 Timothy 1:16–17,Ephesians 3:3–4, Graebner، Augustus Lawrence (1910). Outlines of Doctrinal Theology. Saint Louis, MO: Concordia Publishing House. ص. 11–12. ISBN:978-0-524-04891-7. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2006-07-12., Engelder، Theodore E.W. (1934). Popular Symbolics: The Doctrines of the Churches of Christendom and Of Other Religious Bodies Examined in the Light of Scripture. Saint Louis, MO: Concordia Publishing House. ص. 28.
↑  John 6:63, Revelation 1:3, Ephesians 3:3–4, John 7:17, Graebner، Augustus Lawrence (1910). Outlines of Doctrinal Theology. Saint Louis, MO: Concordia Publishing House. ص. 12. ISBN:978-0-524-04891-7. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2006-07-12., Engelder، Theodore E.W. (1934). Popular Symbolics: The Doctrines of the Churches of Christendom and Of Other Religious Bodies Examined in the Light of Scripture. Saint Louis, MO: Concordia Publishing House. ص. 28.
↑  "Smalcald Articles – Book of Concord". مؤرشف من الأصل في 2020-10-31. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2015-03-05.
↑  2 Timothy 3:15–17, John 5:39, John 17:20, Psalm 19:7–8, Engelder، Theodore E.W. (1934). Popular Symbolics: The Doctrines of the Churches of Christendom and Of Other Religious Bodies Examined in the Light of Scripture. Saint Louis, MO: Concordia Publishing House. ص. 28. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2020-11-07.
↑  Isaiah 8:20, Luke 16:29–31, 2 Timothy 3:16–17, Graebner، Augustus Lawrence (1910). Outlines of Doctrinal Theology. Saint Louis, MO: Concordia Publishing House. ص. 13. ISBN:978-0-524-04891-7. مؤرشف من الأصل في 7 أغسطس 2007., Engelder، Theodore E.W. (1934). Popular Symbolics: The Doctrines of the Churches of Christendom and Of Other Religious Bodies Examined in the Light of Scripture. Saint Louis, MO: Concordia Publishing House. ص. 28.
↑  "Defense of the Augsburg Confession – Book of Concord". مؤرشف من الأصل في 2020-10-22. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2015-03-05.
↑  Walther, C. F. W. The Proper Distinction Between Law and Gospel. W. H. T. Dau, trans. St. Louis: Concordia Publishing House, 1929. نسخة محفوظة 2020-08-03 على موقع واي باك مشين.
↑  F.E. Mayer, The Religious Bodies of America. St. Louis: Concordia Publishing House, 1954, p. 184. For further information, see The Formula of Concord in the History of Swedish Lutheranism نسخة محفوظة 7 July 2010 على موقع واي باك مشين. by Seth Erlandsson
↑  The Ecumenical Councils and Authority in and of the Church (PDF). The Lutheran World Federation. 10 يوليو 1993. مؤرشف من الأصل (PDF) في 2020-11-12. The seven ecumenical councils of the early Church were assemblies of the bishops of the Church from all parts of the Roman Empire to clarify and express the apostolic faith. These councils are Nicaea (325 AD), Constantinople I (381), Ephesus (431), Chalcedon (451), Constantinople II (553), Constantinople III (680/81), and Nicaea II (787)... As Lutherans and Orthodox we affirm that the teachings of the ecumenical councils are authoritative for our churches....The Seventh Ecumenical Council, the Second Council of Nicaea in 787, which rejected iconoclasm and restored the veneration of icons in the churches, was not part of the tradition received by the Reformation. Lutherans, however, rejected the iconoclasm of the 16th century, and affirmed the distinction between adoration due to the Triune God alone and all other forms of veneration (CA 21). Through historical research this council has become better known.  Nevertheless it does not have the same significance for Lutherans as it does for the Orthodox. Yet, Lutherans and Orthodox are in agreement that the Second Council of Nicaea confirms the christological teaching of the earlier councils and in setting forth the role of images (icons) in the lives of the faithful reaffirms the reality of the incarnation of the eternal Word of God, when it states: "The more frequently, Christ, Mary, the mother of God, and the saints are seen, the more are those who see them drawn to remember and long for those who serve as models, and to pay these icons the tribute of salutation and respectful veneration. Certainly this is not the full adoration in accordance with our faith, which is properly paid only to the divine nature, but it resembles that given to the figure of the honored and life-giving cross, and also to the holy books of the gospels and to other sacred objects" (Definition of the Second Council of Nicaea).
↑  Ecumenical Council. Titi Tudorancea Encyclopedia. 1991–2016. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2020-09-06. The Lutheran World Federation, in ecumenical dialogues with the Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople has affirmed all of the first seven councils as ecumenical and authoritative.
1 2  Ludwig, Alan (12 Sep 2016). "Luther's Catholic Reformation". The Lutheran Witness (بالإنجليزية). When the Lutherans presented the Augsburg Confession before Emperor Charles V in 1530, they carefully showed that each article of faith and practice was true first of all to Holy Scripture, and then also to the teaching of the church fathers and the councils and even the canon law of the Church of Rome. They boldly claim, "This is about the Sum of our Doctrine, in which, as can be seen, there is nothing that varies from the Scriptures, or from the Church Catholic, or from the Church of Rome as known from its writers" (AC XXI Conclusion 1). The underlying thesis of the Augsburg Confession is that the faith as confessed by Luther and his followers is nothing new, but the true catholic faith, and that their churches represent the true catholic or universal church. In fact, it is actually the Church of Rome that has departed from the ancient faith and practice of the catholic church (see AC XXIII 13, XXVIII 72 and other places).
الموسوعة العربية المسيحية
| ع ن الكنائس المسيحية الغربية | ع ن الكنائس المسيحية الغربية | ع ن الكنائس المسيحية الغربية |
| --- | --- | --- |
| كاثوليكية | الكنيسة الرومانية الكاثوليكية • الكنيسة الكاثوليكية القديمة |  |
| بروتستانتية |  لوثرية •  كالفينية •  أنجليكية ·  المعمدانية ·  تجديدية العماد ·  ميثودية ·  إنجيلية ·  مسيحية أصولية •  مسيحية ليبرالية •  الكويكرز •  الخمسينية  |  |
| كنائس أخرى |  مورمون ·  شهود يهوه ·  الأدفنتست ·  كنيسة الوحدة ·  توحيدية · علم مسيحي  |  |
| ضبط استنادي  | ضبط استنادي  |
| --- | --- |
دولية:  المُعرِّف مُتعدِّد الأوجه (FAST)  ملف الضبط الاستنادي الافتراضي الدَّولي (VIAF) 
وطنية:  المكتبة القومية الإسبانية (BNE)  المكتبة الوطنية الفرنسية (BnF)  الملف الاستنادي المتكامِل (GND)  المكتبة القومية الإسرائيلية (J9U)  مكتبة الكونغرس (LCNAF)  مكتبة البرلمان القومي الياباني (NDL)  قاعدة البيانات الوطنية التشيكية (NLCR AUT) 
أخرى:  قاموس سويسرا التاريخي (HDS) 
بوابة أعلام
بوابة الأديان
بوابة الكنيسة الرومانية الكاثوليكية
بوابة المسيحية
خارطة تظهر بلدان ذات غالبيَّة لوثريَّة