وسام كوبلي
قائمة الحاصلين على الوسام > 1999-1900

| السنة | الصورة | الاسم | السبب | ملحوظة |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1900 |  | مارسيلان بيرتيلو | "For his brilliant services to chemical science" |  |
| 1901 |  | جوزيه غيبس | "For his contributions to mathematical physics" |  |
| 1902 |  | جوزف ليستر | "In recognition of the value of his physiological and pathological researches in regard to their influence on the modern practice of surgery" |  |
| 1903 |  | إدوارد سوس | "For his eminent geological services, & especially for the original researches & conclusions published in his great work 'Das Antlitz der Erde'" |  |
| 1904 |  | وليام كروكس | "For his long-continued researches in spectroscopic chemistry, on electrical & mechanical phenomena in highly-rarefied gases, on radio-active phenomena, and other subjects" |  |
| 1905 |  | ديميتري مندلييف | "For his contributions to chemical and physical science" |  |
| 1906 |  | إيليا ميتشنيكوف | "On the ground of the importance of his work in zoology and in pathology" |  |
| 1907 |  | ألبرت ميكلسون | بفضل أبحاثه في البصريات |  |
| 1908 |  | ألفرد راسل والاس | "On the ground of the great value of his numerous contributions to natural history, and of the part he took in working out the theory of the origin of species by natural selection" |  |
| 1909 |  | جورج وليام هيل | "On the ground of his researches in mathematical astronomy" |  |
| 1910 |  | فرانسيس جالتون | "بفضل أبحاثه في الوراثة" |  |
| 1911 |  | جورج داروين | "On the ground of his researches on tidal theory, the figures of the planets, and allied subjects" |  |
| 1912 |  | فيليكس كلاين | بفضل أبحاثه في الرياضيات |  |
| 1913 |  | راي لانكستر | "On the ground of the high scientific value of the researches in zoology carried out by him" |  |
| 1914 |  | جوزيف جون طومسون | "On the ground of his discoveries in physical science" |  |
| 1915 |  | إيفان بافلوف | "On the ground of his investigations in the physiology of digestion and of the higher centres of the nervous system" |  |
| 1916 |  | جيمس ديوار | "For his important investigations in physical chemistry, more especially his researches on the liquefaction of gases" |  |
| 1917 |  | بيير بول إميل رو | "On the ground of his eminence as a bacteriologist, and as a pioneer in serum therapy" |  |
| 1918 |  | هندريك أنتون لورنتس | "On the ground of his distinguished researches in mathematical physics" |  |
| 1919 |  | وليام بايليس | "On the ground of his researches in general physiology & biophysics" |  |
| 1920 |  | هوراس تابيرير براون | "On the ground of his work on the chemistry of carbohydrates, &c" |  |
| 1921 |  | جوزيف لارمور | "For his researches in mathematical physics" |  |
| 1922 |  | إرنست رذرفورد | "For his researches in radio activity & atomic structure" |  |
| 1923 |  | هوراس لامب | "For his researches in mathematical physics" |  |
| 1924 |  | إدوارد ألبرت شاربي شافر | "For the valuable work he has done in physiology and histology and the position he now occupies as a leader in these sciences" | — |
| 1925 |  | ألبرت أينشتاين | "For his theory of relativity and his contributions to the quantum theory" |  |
| 1926 |  | فريدريك هوبكنس | "For his distinguished and fruitful work in biochemistry" |  |
| 1927 |  | تشارلز شرينغتون | "For his distinguished work on neurology" |  |
| 1928 |  | تشارلز ألجرنون بارسونز | "For his contributions to engineering science" | — |
| 1929 |  | ماكس بلانك | "For his contributions to theoretical physics and especially as the originator of the quantum theory" |  |
| 1930 |  | ويليام هنري براغ | "For his distinguished contributions to crystallography and radioactivity" |  |
| 1931 |  | آرثر شوستر | "For his distinguished researches in optics and terrestrial magnetism" |  |
| 1932 |  | جورج هيل | "For his distinguished work on the solar magnetic phenomena and for his eminence as a scientific engineer, especially in connexion with Mount Wilson Observatory" |  |
| 1933 |  | ثيوبالد سميث | "For his original research and observation on diseases of animals and man" |  |
| 1934 |  | جون سكوت هولدين | "In recognition of his discoveries in human physiology and of their application to medicine, mining, diving and engineering" |  |
| 1935 |  | تشارلز ويلسون | "For his work on the use of clouds in advancing our knowledge of atoms and their properties" |  |
| 1936 |  | آرثر إيفانز | "In recognition of his pioneer work in Crete, particularly his contributions to the history and civilization of its Minoan age" |  |
| 1937 |  | هنري ديل | "In recognition of his important contributions to physiology and pharmacology, particularly in relation to the nervous and neuro-muscular systems" |  |
| 1938 |  | نيلز بور | "In recognition of his distinguished work in the development of the quantum theory of atomic structure" |  |
| 1939 |  | توماس مورغان | "For his establishment of the modern science of genetics which had revolutionized our understanding, not only of heredity, but of the mechanism and nature of evolution" |  |
| 1940 |  | بول لانجفان | "For his pioneer work on the electron theory of magnetism, his fundamental contributions to discharge of electricity in gases, and his important work in many branches of theoretical physics" |  |
| 1941 |  | توماس لويس (طبيب قلب) | "For his clinical and experimental investigations upon the mammalian heart" |  |
| 1942 |  | Robert Robinson (scientist) | "For his research work of outstanding originality and brilliance which has influenced the whole field of organic chemistry" |  |
| 1943 |  | جوزيف باركروفت | "For his distinguished work on respiration and the respiratory function of the blood" |  |
| 1944 |  | جيفري إنغرام تايلور | "For his many contributions to aerodynamics, hydrodynamics, and the structure of metals, which have had a profound influence on the advance of physical science and its applications" |  |
| 1945 |  | أوزوالد آفري | "For his success in introducing chemical methods in the study of immunity against infective diseases" |  |
| 1946 |  | إدغار أدريان | "For his distinguished researches on the fundamental nature of nervous activity, and recently on the localization of certain nervous functions" |  |
| 1947 |  | غودفري هارولد هاردي | "For his distinguished part in the development of mathematical analysis in England during the last thirty years" |  |
| 1948 |  | أرشيبالد هل | "For his distinguished researches on myothermal problems and on biophysical phenomena in nerve and other tissues" |  |
| 1949 |  | جورج هيفيشي | "For his distinguished work on the chemistry of radioactive elements and especially for his development of the radioactive tracer techniques in the investigation of biological processes" |  |
| 1950 |  | جيمس تشادويك | "For his outstanding work in nuclear physics and in the development of atomic energy, especially for his discovery of the neutron" |  |
| 1951 |  | ديفيد كيلين | "For his fundamental researches in the fields of protozoology, entomology and the biochemistry of enzymes" |  |
| 1952 |  | بول ديراك | "In recognition of his remarkable contributions to relativistic dynamics of a particle in quantum mechanics" |  |
| 1953 |  | ألبرت كلايفر | "For his distinguished contributions of a fundamental character to the science of microbiology" | — |
| 1954 |  | إدموند تايلور ويتاكر | "For his distinguished contributions to both pure and applied mathematics and to theoretical physics" |  |
| 1955 |  | رونالد فيشر | "In recognition of his numerous and distinguished contributions to developing the theory and application of statistics for making quantitative a vast field of biology" |  |
| 1956 |  | باتريك بلاكيت | "In recognition of his outstanding studies of cosmic ray showers and heavy mesons and in the field of palaeomagnetism" | — |
| 1957 |  | هوارد فلوري | "In recognition of his distinguished contributions to experimental pathology and medicine" |  |
| 1958 |  | جون إيدنسور ليتلوود | "In recognition of his distinguished contributions to many branches of analysis, including Tauberian theory, the Riemann zeta function, and non-linear differential equations" |  |
| 1959 |  | فرانك ماكفارلين بورنيت | "In recognition of his distinguished contributions to knowledge of viruses and of immunology" |  |
| 1960 |  | هارولد جيفريز | "In recognition of his distinguished work in many branches of geophysics, and also in the theory of probability and astronomy" |  |
| 1961 |  | هانس كريبس | "In recognition of his distinguished contributions to biochemistry, in particular his work on the ornithine, tricarboxylic acid and glyoxylate cycles" |  s |
| 1962 |  | سيريل هنشلوود | "In recognition of his distinguished researches in the field of chemical kinetics, including the study of biological reaction mechanisms, and of his outstanding contributions to natural philosophy" |  |
| 1963 |  | بول فيلدز | "In recognition of his pioneering contributions to bacteriology." | — |
| 1964 |  | Sydney Chapman Sydney Chapman (astronomer) | "In recognition of his theoretical contributions to terrestrial and interplanetary magnetism, the ionosphere and the aurora borealis" |  |
| 1965 |  | آلن لويد هودجكين | "In recognition of his discovery of the mechanism of excitation and impulse conduction in nerve, and his outstanding leadership in the development of neurophysiology" | — |
| 1966 |  | وليام لورنس براغ | "In recognition of his distinguished contributions to the development of methods of structural determination by X-ray diffraction" |  |
| 1967 |  | برنارد كاتس | "In recognition of his distinguished contributions to knowledge of the fundamental processes involved in transmission across the neuromuscular junction" | — |
| 1968 |  | تاديوش رايخشتاين | "In recognition of his distinguished work on the chemistry of vitamin C and his authoritative studies of the cortico-steroids" | — |
| 1969 |  | بيتر مدور | "In recognition of his distinguished studies of tissue transplantation and immunological tolerance" |  |
| 1970 |  | Alexander Todd | "In recognition of his outstanding contributions to both the analytical and synthetic chemistry of natural products of diverse types" |  |
| 1971 |  | نورمان بيري | "In recognition of his distinguished contributions to biochemistry and especially for his elucidation of the nature of plant viruses" | — |
| 1972 |  | نيفيل موت | "In recognition of his original contributions over a long period to atomic and solid state physics" |  |
| 1973 |  | أندرو هكسلي | "In recognition of his outstanding studies on the mechanisms of the nerve impulse and of activation of muscular contraction" | — |
| 1974 |  | وليام فالانس دوغلاس هودج | "In recognition of his pioneering work in algebraic geometry, notably in his theory of harmonic integrals" |  |
| 1975 |  | فرنسيس كريك | "In recognition of his elucidation of the structure of DNA and his continuing contribution to molecular biology" |  |
| 1976 |  | دوروثي هودجكن | "In recognition of her outstanding work on the structures of complex molecules, particularly Penicillin, vitamin B12 and insulin" |  |
| 1977 |  | فردريك سانغر | "In recognition of his distinguished work on the chemical structure of proteins and his studies on the sequences of nucleic acids" |  |
| 1978 |  | روبرت وودورد | "In recognition of his masterly contributions to the synthesis of complex natural products and his discovery of the importance of orbital symmetry" |  |
| 1979 |  | ماكس بيروتس | "In recognition of his distinguished contributions to molecular biology through his own studies of the structure and biological activity of haemoglobin and his leadership in the development of the subject" |  |
| 1980 |  | ديريك هارولد بارتون | "In recognition of his distinguished contributions to a wide range of problems in structural and synthetic organic chemistry and، in particular, his introduction of conformational analysis into stereochemistry" |  |
| 1981 |  | بيتر ميتشل |  |  |
| 1982 |  | جون كورنفورث | "In recognition of his distinguished research on the stereochemically-controlled synthesis and biosynthesis of biologically important molecules" |  |
| 1983 |  | رودني بورتر | "In recognition of his elucidation of the structure of immunoglobulins and of the reactions involved in activating the complement system of proteins" | — |
| 1984 |  | سابرامانين تشاندراسخار | "In recognition of his distinguished work on theoretical physics, including stellar structure, theory of radiation, hydrodynamic stability and relativity" |  |
| 1985 |  | آرون كلوغ | "In recognition of his outstanding contributions to our understanding of complex biological structures and the methods used for determining them" |  |
| 1986 |  | رودولف بيرلز | "In recognition of his fundamental contributions to a very wide range of theoretical physics, and signal advances in proposing the probable existence of nuclear chain reactions in fissile materials" |  |
| 1987 |  | روبن هيل (كيميائي حيوي) | "In recognition of his pioneering contributions to the understanding of the nature and mechanism of the main pathway of electron transport in photosynthesis" | — |
| 1988 |  | مايكل عطية | اعترافا بمساهماته في مجالات عدة في الهندسة الرياضية والطوبولوجيا والتحليل والفيزياء النظرية. |  |
| 1989 |  | سيزار ميلشتاين | "In recognition of his outstanding contributions to immunology, in particular to the discovery of monoclonal antibodies and to the understanding of the role of somatic mutations in the maturation of the immune response" | — |
| 1990 |  | محمد عبد السلام | "In recognition of his work on the symmetries of the laws of nature, and especially the unification of the electromagnetic and weak forces" |  |
| 1991 |  | سيدني برانر | "In recognition of his many contributions to molecular genetics and developmental biology, and his recent role in the Human Genome mapping project" | — |
| 1992 |  | جورج بورتر | "In recognition of his contributions to fundamental understanding of fast photochemical and photophysical processes and their role in chemistry and biology" |  |
| 1993 |  | جيمس واتسون | "In recognition of his tireless pursuit of DNA, from the elucidation of its structure to the social and medical implications of the sequencing of the human genome" |  |
| 1994 |  | فريدريك تشارلز فرانك | "In recognition of his fundamental contribution to the theory of crystal morphology, in particular to the source of dislocations and their consequences in interfaces and crystal growth; to fundamental understanding of liquid crystals and the concept of disclination; and to the extension of crystallinity concepts to aperiodic crystals. He has also contributed through a variety of remarkable insights into a great number of physical problems" | — |
| 1995 |  | فرانك فنر | "In recognition of his contribution to animal virology with special emphasis on the pox and myxomatosis viruses and their relationship with the host in causing disease" | — |
| 1996 |  | آلن كوتريل | "In recognition of his contribution to the understanding of mechanical properties of materials and related topics through his pioneering studies on crystal plasticity, dislocation impurity interactions, fracture and irradiation effects" |  |
| 1997 |  | هيو هكسلي | "In recognition of his pioneering work on the structure of muscle and on the molecular mechanisms of muscle contraction, providing solutions to one of the great problems in physiology" | — |
| 1998 |  | جيمس لايتهيل | "In recognition of his profound contributions to many fields within fluid mechanics including important aspects of the interaction of sound and fluid flow and numerous other contributions which have had practical applications in aircraft engine design. He is noted also for his ground-breaking work on both external bio-fluid-dynamics - analysis of mechanisms of swimming and flying - and internal bio-fluid-dynamics, including flow in the cardiovascular system and the airways, and cochlear mechanics and other aspects of hearing" |  |
| 1999 |  | جون ماينارد سميث | "تقديرا لمساهماته الابداعية في علم الأحياء التطوري، بما فيها عمله التجريبي على الاصطفاء الجنسي، اسهاماته الهامة في فهمنا للشيخوخة، تقديمه لوسائط نظرية للألعاب لتحليل السيناريوهات التطورية المعقدة، وبحثه في التطور الجزيئي، من خلال عمله الكلاسيكي على الترافق الجيني، وعمله الأحدث والمتواصل على نمو التجمعات البكتيرية" |  |
| 2000 |  | آلن باترسبي | "In recognition of his pioneering work in elucidating the detailed biosynthetic pathways to all the major families of plant alkaloids. His approach, which stands as a paradigm for future biosynthetic studies on complex molecules, combines isolation work, structure determination, synthesis, isotopic labelling and spectroscopy, especially advanced NMR, as well as genetics and molecular biology. This spectacular research revealed the entire pathway to vitamin B12" |  |
| 2001 |  | جاك ميلر | "For his work on the immunological function of the thymus and of T cells, which has revolutionised the science of immunology. Professor Millers work is paving the way for designing new methods to improve resistance to infections, producing new vaccines, enhancing graft survival, dealing with autoimmunity and even persuading the immune system to reject cancer cells" | — |
| 2002 |  | جون بوبل | "For his development of computational methods in quantum chemistry. His work transformed density functional theory into a powerful theoretical tool for chemistry, chemical physics and biology" |  |
| 2003 |  | جون غوردون | "For his unique range of groundbreaking discoveries in the fields of cell and developmental biology. He pioneered the concept that specialised cells are genetically equivalent and that they differ only in the genes they express not the genes they contain, a concept fundamental to modern biology" | — |
| 2004 |  | هارولد كروتو | "in recognition of his seminal contributions to understanding the fundamental dynamics of carbon chain molecules, leading to the detection of these species (polyynes) in the interstellar medium by radioastronomy, and thence to the genesis of a new era in carbon science" |  |
| 2005 |  | بول نرس | "for his contributions to cell biology in general, and to the elucidation of the control of cell division" | — |
| 2006 |  | ستيفن هوكينغ | لإسهاماته القيمة في مجالي الفيزياء النظرية وعلم الكونيات النظري |  |
| 2007 |  | روبرت ماي | "لدراساته الأصيلة عن التفاعلات بين وفي بيولوجية السكان والتي أعادت تشكيل فهمنا لكيفية استجابة الأنواع والمجتمعات والنظم البيئية بأكملها للكوارث الطبيعية أو الاضطرابات التي سببها البشر." | — |
| 2008 |  | روجر بنروز | "لرؤاه الجميلة والأصيلة في مجال الرياضيات والفيزياء الرياضية. وللسير روجر مساهمات رائعة عن النظرية النسبية العامة وعلم الكونيات، وأبرز ذلك عمله على الثقوب السوداء والانفجار الكوني الكبير" | — |
| 2009 |  | مارتن إيفانز | "عن عمله الأساسي حول الخلايا الجذعية الجنينية في الفئران، والذي أحدث ثورة في مجال علم الوراثة." | — |
| 2010 |  | ديفيد كوكس | "لمساهماته الأساسية في نظريات وتطبيقات الإحصاء." |  |
| 2010 |  | توماس لندال | "لمساهماته الأساسية لفهم تعديل الكيمياء الحيوية للدي ان إي." |  |
| 2011 |  | دان مكنزي | "لمساهماته الأساسية في فهم الظواهر الجيولوجية والجيوفيزيائية للصفائح التكتونية." |  |
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