نظام أبوي
مراجع

↑  "Definition of PATRIARCHY". www.merriam-webster.com (بالإنجليزية). Archived from the original on 2020-10-21. Retrieved 2020-10-21.
↑  Walby، Sylvia (مايو 1989). "THEORISING PATRIARCHY". Sociology. ج. 23: 213–234. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2023-02-16 – عبر JSTOR. "I shall define patriarchy as a system of social structures, and practices in which men dominate, oppress and exploit women." "there are six main patriarchal structures which together constitute a system of patriarchy. These are: a patriarchal mode of production in which women's labour is expropriated by their husbands; patriarchal relations within waged labour; the patriarchal state; male violence; patriarchal relations in sexuality; and patriarchal culture."
↑  Lerner، Gerda (1986). The creation of patriarchy. New York: Oxford University Press. ص. 238–239. ISBN:978-0-19-503996-2. OCLC:13323175. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2021-08-18. In its narrow meaning, patriarchy refers to the system, historically derived from Greek and Roman law, in which the male head of the household had absolute legal and economic power over his dependent female and male family members. "Patriarchy in its wider definition means the manifestation and institutionalization of male dominance over women and children in the family and the extension of male dominance over women in society in general."
↑  Hunnicutt، Gwen (1 مايو 2009). "Varieties of Patriarchy and Violence Against Women: Resurrecting "Patriarchy" as a Theoretical Tool". Violence Against Women. ج. 15 ع. 5: 553, 557. DOI:10.1177/1077801208331246. ISSN:1077-8012. PMID:19182049. S2CID:206667077. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2022-12-29. The core concept of patriarchy—systems of male domination and female subordination "Although patriarchy has been variously defined, for purposes of this article, it means social arrangements that privilege males, where men as a group dominate women as a group, both structurally and ideologically—hierarchical arrangements that manifest in varieties across history and social space."
1 2  Online Etymological Dictionary: "patriarch" نسخة محفوظة 2017-08-05 على موقع واي باك مشين.
↑  πατριάρχης, Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, A Greek-English Lexicon, on Perseus نسخة محفوظة 2022-02-12 على موقع واي باك مشين.
↑  πατριά, Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, A Greek-English Lexicon, on Perseus نسخة محفوظة 2021-12-15 على موقع واي باك مشين.
↑  ἄρχω, Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, A Greek-English Lexicon, on Perseus نسخة محفوظة 2021-11-02 على موقع واي باك مشين.
↑  Merriam-Webster: "patriarch" نسخة محفوظة 2022-03-09 على موقع واي باك مشين.
↑  American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language: "patriarch" نسخة محفوظة 2022-03-09 على موقع واي باك مشين.
↑  Oxford Dictionaries: "patriarch" نسخة محفوظة 2011-04-30 على موقع واي باك مشين.
1 2  "مقالات: مفاهيم فكرية.. النظام الأبوي". مركز باحثات لدراسات المرأة. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2020-08-05. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2020-10-22.
↑  "Patriarchy - an overview | ScienceDirect Topics". www.sciencedirect.com. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2020-10-21. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2020-10-21.
1 2  Wrangham، Richard (2009). Catching Fire: How Cooking Made Us Human. Basic Books. ISBN:978-0-465-01362-3.
1 2  Betuel، Emma (21 يونيو 2020). "Why ancient men had to evolve from carousers to doting dads — or die". Inverse. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2023-12-11.
1 2  Alger, Ingela; Hooper, Paul L.; Cox, Donald; Stieglitz, Jonathan; Kaplan, Hillard S. (19 May 2020). "Paternal provisioning results from ecological change". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (بالإنجليزية). Vol. 117, no. 20. pp. 10746–10754. DOI:10.1073/pnas.1917166117. ISSN:0027-8424. PMC:7245097. PMID:32358187.
↑  Bradt، Steve (1 يونيو 2009). "Invention of cooking drove evolution of the human species, new book argues". The Harvard Gazette. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2023-12-11.
↑  Rehg، Jennifer (2010). "Review of 'Catching Fire: How Cooking Made Us Human'". The Councilor: A Journal of the Social Studies. ج. 71 ع. 1. Article 1. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2024-12-07.
↑  Herculano-Houzel، Suzana (2016). The Human Advantage: A New Understanding of How Our Brain Became Remarkable. The MIT Press. DOI:10.7551/mitpress/9780262034258.001.0001. ISBN:978-0-262-03425-8.
1 2 3  Strozier, Robert M. (2002) Foucault, Subjectivity, and Identity: Historical Constructions of Subject and Self p. 46 نسخة محفوظة 2023-05-18 على موقع واي باك مشين.
1 2  Lerner، Gerda (1986). The Creation of Patriarchy. Women and History, Volume 1. New York: Oxford University Press. ص. 8–11. ISBN:978-0-19-503996-2.
↑  Ehrenberg, 1989؛ Harris, M. (1993) The Evolution of Human Gender Hierarchies; Leibowitz, 1983; Lerner, 1986; Sanday, 1981 نسخة محفوظة 2017-10-03 على موقع واي باك مشين.
↑  Kraemer, Sebastian (1991). "The Origins of Fatherhood: An Ancient Family Process". Family Process. ج. 30 ع. 4: 377–392. DOI:10.1111/j.1545-5300.1991.00377.x. PMID:1790784.
↑  Bryson، Valerie (2000). "Feminism: Marxist". في Kramarae, Cheris؛ Spender, Dale (المحررون). Routledge International Encyclopedia of Women: Global Women's Issues and Knowledge, Volume 2. New York. ص. 791. ISBN:978-0-415-92088-9.{{استشهاد بكتاب}}:  صيانة الاستشهاد: مكان بدون ناشر (link)
↑  Lerner، Gerda (1986). The Creation of Patriarchy. Women and History, Volume 1. New York: Oxford University Press. ص. 50–53. ISBN:978-0-19-503996-2. But in a situation in which ecological conditions and irregularities in biological reproduction threatened the survival of the group, people would search for more reproducers — that is, women. Thus, the first appropriation of private property consists of the appropriation of the labor of women as reproducers. Aaby concludes: 'The connection between the reification of women on the one hand and the state and private property on the other is exactly the opposite of that posed by Engels and his followers. Without the reification of women as a historically given socio-structural feature, the origin of private property and the state will remain inexplicable.' If we follow Aaby's argument, which I find persuasive, we must conclude that in the course of the agricultural revolution the exploitation of human labor and the sexual exploitation of women become inextricably linked.
↑  Gimbutas، Marija (1992). "The end of Old Europe: the intrusion of Steppe Pastoralists from South Russia and the transformation of Europe". The Civilization of the Goddess: The World of Old Europe. San Francisco, California: Harper Collins. ص. 351–510. ISBN:978-0-06-250337-4.
↑  Taylor، Steven (2005). "What's wrong with human beings?". The Fall: The Insanity of the Ego in Human History. Winchester: O Books. ص. 17–19. ISBN:978-1-905047-20-8.
1 2  "The Origins of Patriarchy | Introduction to Sociology". courses.lumenlearning.com. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2020-10-21. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2020-10-21.
1 2  Douglas, Anil Ananthaswamy and Kate. "The origins of sexism: How men came to rule 12,000 years ago". New Scientist (بAmerican English). Archived from the original on 2020-10-05. Retrieved 2020-10-22.
↑  "مقالات: الجنس والجندر أيهما يحقق المكانة للمرأة؟". مركز باحثات لدراسات المرأة. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2020-08-08. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2020-10-22.
↑  Mastrine, Amy. "Patriarchy Protects Women Better Than Modern Feminism". www.eviemagazine.com (بالإنجليزية). Archived from the original on 2020-11-25. Retrieved 2020-12-23.
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