تاريخ البوذية في الهند
مراجع

↑  Monier-Williams، Monier. Dictionary of Sanskrit. OUP. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2020-09-03.
↑  Akira Hirakawa, Paul Groner, A history of Indian Buddhism: from Śākyamuni to early Mahāyāna. Reprint published by Motilal Banarsidass Publ., 1993, page 2.
↑  "Buddhism: Description of the Vajrayāna tradition". Religious Tolerance. Ontario Consultants on Religious Tolerance. 25 أبريل 2010. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2020-09-03. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2014-11-26.
↑  "Ambedkar and Buddhism". Motilal Banarsidass Publishe. 10 نوفمبر 2006. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2020-09-03. {{استشهاد ويب}}: الوسيط غير المعروف |بواسطة= تم تجاهله يقترح استخدام |عبر= (مساعدة)
↑  "Dalits who converted to Buddhism better off in literacy and well-being: Survey". 2 يوليو 2017. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2020-09-03.
↑  Peter Harvey, An Introduction to Buddhism: Teachings, History and Practices, p. 400. Cambridge University Press, 2012, (ردمك 978-052185-942-4)
↑  The New York Times guide to essential knowledge: a desk reference for the curious mind. Macmillan 2004, page 513.
↑  "Dalits Are Still Converting to Buddhism, but at a Dwindling Rate". The Quint. 17 يونيو 2017. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2017-07-29.
↑  India by Stanley Wolpert (Page 32)
↑  United Nations (2003). Promotion of Buddhist Tourism Circuits in Selected Asian Countries. United Nations Publications. ص. 23–24. ISBN:978-92-1-120386-8. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2019-12-15.
↑  Kevin Trainor (2004). Buddhism: The Illustrated Guide. Oxford University Press. ص. 41. ISBN:978-0-19-517398-7. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2020-05-18.
↑  P. 178 The Vision of Dhamma: Buddhist Writings of Nyanaponika Thera By Nyanaponika (Thera), Erich Fromm
↑  Beyond Enlightenment: Buddhism, Religion, Modernity by Richard Cohen. Routledge 1999. (ردمك 0-415-54444-0). pg 33. "Donors adopted Sakyamuni Buddha’s family name to assert their legitimacy as his heirs, both institutionally and ideologically. To take the name of Sakya was to define oneself by one’s affiliation with the Buddha, somewhat like calling oneself a Buddhist today.
↑  Sakya or Buddhist Origins by Caroline Rhys Davids (London: Kegan Paul, Trench, Trubner, 1931) pg 1. "Put away the word “Buddhism” and think of your subject as “Sakya.” This will at once place you for your perspective at a true point . . You are now concerned to learn less about 'Buddha' and 'Buddhism,' and more about him whom India has ever known as Sakya-muni, and about his men who, as their records admit, were spoken of as the Sakya-sons, or men of the Sakyas."
↑  P. 56 A Dictionary of the Pali Language By Robert Cæsar Childers
↑  P. 171 A Dictionary of the Pali Language By Robert Cæsar Childers
↑  Curators of the Buddha By Donald S. Lopez. University of Chicago Press. pg 7
↑  Beyond Enlightenment: Buddhism, Religion, Modernity by Richard Cohen. Routledge 1999. (ردمك 0-415-54444-0). pg 33. Quote: [Bauddha is] "a secondary derivative of Buddha, in which the vowel’s lengthening indicates connection or relation. Things that are bauddha pertain to the Buddha, just as things-saiva relate to شيفا and things-Vaisnava belong to فيشنو. (...) bauddha can be both adjectival and nominal; it can be used for doctrines spoken by the Buddha, objects enjoyed by him, texts attributed to him, as well as individuals, communities, and societies that offer him reverence or accept ideologies certified through his name. Strictly speaking, Sakya is preferable to bauddha since the latter is not attested at Ajanta. In fact, as a collective noun, bauddha is an outsider’s term. The bauddha did not call themselves this in India, though they did sometimes use the word adjectivally (e.g., as a possessive, the Buddha’s)."
↑  Williams, Mahayana Buddhism, Routledge, 1989, page 6
↑  the Teaching of Vimalakīrti, Pali Text Society, page XCIII
↑  Williams, Paul. Buddhist Thought. Routledge, 2000, pages 131.
↑  Williams, Paul. Mahayana Buddhism: The Doctrinal Foundations 2nd edition. Routledge, 2009, pg. 47.
↑  Guang Xing. The Concept of the Buddha: Its Evolution from Early Buddhism to the Trikaya Theory. 2004. pp. 65–66 "Several scholars have suggested that the Prajñāpāramitā probably developed among the Mahasamghikas in Southern India, in the Andhra country, on the Krsna River."
↑  Akira, Hirakawa (translated and edited by Paul Groner) (1993). A History of Indian Buddhism. Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass: pp. 253, 263, 268
↑  "The south (of India) was then vigorously creative in producing Mahayana Sutras" – Warder, A.K. (3rd edn. 1999). Indian Buddhism: p. 335.
↑  Guang Xing. The Concept of the Buddha: Its Evolution from Early Buddhism to the Trikaya Theory. 2004. pp. 65–66
↑  Warder, A.K. Indian Buddhism. 2000. p. 313
↑  Sanderson, Alexis. "The Śaiva Age: The Rise and Dominance of Śaivism during the Early Medieval Period." In: Genesis and Development of Tantrism, edited by Shingo Einoo. Tokyo: Institute of Oriental Culture, University of Tokyo, 2009. Institute of Oriental Culture Special Series, 23, pp. 124.
↑  Sanderson, Alexis. "The Śaiva Age: The Rise and Dominance of Śaivism during the Early Medieval Period." In: Genesis and Development of Tantrism, edited by Shingo Einoo. Tokyo: Institute of Oriental Culture, University of Tokyo, 2009. Institute of Oriental Culture Special Series, 23, pp. 129-131.
↑  Sanderson, Alexis. "The Śaiva Age: The Rise and Dominance of Śaivism during the Early Medieval Period." In: Genesis and Development of Tantrism, edited by Shingo Einoo. Tokyo: Institute of Oriental Culture, University of Tokyo, 2009. Institute of Oriental Culture Special Series, 23, pp. 144-145.
↑  Huber، Toni (2008). The holy land reborn : pilgrimage & the Tibetan reinvention of Buddhist India. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. ص. 94–95. ISBN:978-0-226-35648-8. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2020-09-03.
↑  "During the sixth and fifth centuries B.C.E. (Before Common Era), commerce and cash became increasingly important in an economy previously dominated by self-sufficient production and bartered exchange. Merchants found Buddhist moral and ethical teachings an attractive alternative to the esoteric rituals of the traditional Brahmin priesthood, which seemed to cater exclusively to Brahmin interests while ignoring those of the new and emerging social classes." Jerry Bentley, Old World Encounters: Cross-Cultural Contacts and Exchanges in Pre-Modern Times (New York: Oxford University Press, 1993), 43.
↑  "Furthermore, Buddhism was prominent in communities of merchants, who found it well suited to their needs and who increasingly established commercial links throughout the Mauryan empire. Jerry Bentley, Old World Encounters: Cross-Cultural Contacts and Exchanges in Pre-Modern Times (New York: Oxford University Press, 1993), 46.
↑  "Merchants proved to be an efficient vector of the Buddhist faith, as they established diaspora communities in the string of oasis towns-Merv, Bukhara, Samarkand, Kashgar, Khotan, Kuqa, Turpan, Dunhuang - that served as lifeline of the silk roads through central Asia." Jerry Bentley, Old World Encounters: Cross-Cultural Contacts and Exchanges in Pre-Modern Times (New York: Oxford University Press, 1993), 47-48.
↑  Vajrayoginī: Her Visualization, Rituals, and Forms by Elizabeth English. Wisdom Publications. (ردمك 0-86171-329-X) pg 15
↑  Buddhist Monks And Monasteries Of India: Their History And Contribution To Indian Culture. by Dutt, Sukumar. George Allen and Unwin Ltd, London 1962. pg 352-3
↑  Heather Elgood (2000). Hinduism and the Religious Arts. Bloomsbury Academic. ص. 150. ISBN:978-0-8264-9865-6. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2020-02-29.
↑  Damien Keown (2004). A Dictionary of Buddhism. Oxford University Press. ص. 208–209. ISBN:978-0-19-157917-2. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2020-04-02.
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  Outline  Glossary  Index :   Outline  Glossary  Index 
العقائد:  الحقائق النبيلة الأربع  Three Jewels غوتاما بوذا  دارما  سانغا  الطريق النبيل الثماني  نرفانا  Middle Way 
غوتاما بوذا:  Tathāgata  عيد ميلاد بوذا  Four sights  Eight Great Events  تخل عظيم  Physical characteristics  Life of Buddha in art  Footprint  Relics  Iconography in Laos and Thailand  Films  Miracles  Family Suddhodāna (father)  Māyā (mother)  Mahapajapati Gotamī (aunt, adoptive mother)  Yaśodharā (wife)  راهولا  أناندا  Devadatta (cousin)  Places where the Buddha stayed  Buddha in world religions 
البوداسف:  أفالوكيتسافارا غوانيين  Mañjuśrī  Mahāsthāmaprāpta  Ākāśagarbha  Kṣitigarbha  Samantabhadra  Vajrapāṇi  Skanda  تارا  مايتريا 
تلاميذ بوذا:  Kaundinya  Assaji  ساريبوتا  مودجالايانا  أناندا  ماهاكاسيابا  أنغوليمالا  Anuruddha  Mahākaccana  Nanda  Subhūti  Punna  Upāli  Mahapajapati Gotamī  Khema  Uppalavanna  أسيتا  Channa  Yasa 
المصطلحات:  Avidyā (Ignorance)  Bardo  Bodhicitta  Buddha-nature  أبهيدارما  دارما  التنوير  Five hindrances  Indriya  Karma  Kleshas  Mental factors  Mindstream  Parinirvana  النشأة المعتمدة  الولادة الجديدة  Saṃsāra  Saṅkhāra  سكاندا  سونياتا  Taṇhā (Craving)  تاتهاتا  Ten Fetters  علامات الوجود الثلاث Anicca  دوكخا  أناتا  Two truths doctrine 
العالم الغيبي:  Ten spiritual realms  Six realms Deva realm  Human realm  أسوارا  Hungry Ghost realm  Animal realm  ناراكا  Three planes of existence 
المدارس:  ماهايانا زن بوذية تشان  Japanese Zen  Korean Seon  Vietnamese Thiền  بوذية الأرض الطاهرة  Tiantai  Huayan  Risshū  Nichiren  مادهياماكا  يوغاكارا  فاجرايانا بوذية تبتية  Chinese Esoteric Buddhism  Shingon  دزوغشن  تيرافادا  Navayana  Early Buddhist schools  Pre-sectarian Buddhism  Basic points unifying Theravāda and Mahāyāna 
العبادات:  Bhavana  Bodhipakkhiyādhammā  Brahmavihara تأمل ميتا  طرونا  Mudita  Upekkha  Buddhābhiṣeka  Dāna  تعبد بوذي  Deity yoga  ذيانا  Faith  Five Strengths  Iddhipada  تأمل بوذي مانترا  Kammaṭṭhāna  Recollection  Smarana  Anapanasati  Samatha  Vipassanā (Vipassana movement)  Shikantaza  زازين  كوآن  Ganana  مندالة  Tonglen  تنترا  Tertön  Terma  فضل  يقظة كاملة Mindful Yoga  Satipatthana  Nekkhamma  Nianfo  Pāramitā  Paritta  تعبد بوذي Offerings  Prostration  Chanting  Refuge  Sādhu  Satya Sacca  Seven Factors of Enlightenment ساتي  Dhamma vicaya  Pīti  Passaddhi  أخلاقيات بوذية المبادئ الخمسة  Eight precepts  Bodhisattva vow  Pratimokṣa  Threefold Training أخلاقيات بوذية  سامادهي  براجنا  Vīrya Four Right Exertions  Twenty-two vows of Ambedkar 
نرفانا:  التنوير في البوذية  بوداسف  بوذوية  Pratyekabuddha  Four stages of awakening Sotāpanna  Sakadagami  Anāgāmi  Arhat 
الرهبنة:  Bhikkhu  Bhikkhunī  Śrāmaṇera  Śrāmaṇerī  Anagārika  Ajahn  Sayadaw  معلم الزن  Rōshi  لاما  Rinpoche  Geshe  Tulku Western tulku  Kappiya  Donchee  Householder  Upāsaka and Upāsikā  Achar  Śrāvaka The ten principal disciples  معبد شاولين 
الشخصيات الرئيسة:  غوتاما بوذا  Nagasena  Aśvaghoṣa  ناجارجونا  Asanga  فاسوباندو  كوماراجيفا  Buddhaghosa  Buddhapālita  ديغانغا  بودهيدهارما  تشي يي  الإمبراطور وين من سوي  سونغتسين غامبو  تشيونتسانغ  Shandao  بادماسامبهافا  Saraha  Atiśa  Naropa  Karmapa  Hōnen  Shinran  دوغين  نيشرين  Shamarpa  دالاي لاما  بانشن لاما  Ajahn Mun  أمبيدكار  Ajahn Chah  ثيت نات هانه 
النصوص:  Early Buddhist Texts  تريبيتاكا  Mahayana sutras  شريعة بالي  Chinese Buddhist canon  Tibetan Buddhist canon  Dhammapada  سوترا  Vinaya  Madhyamakālaṃkāra  Abhidharmadīpa 
البلدان:  Afghanistan  Bangladesh  Bhutan  كمبوديا  الصين  الهند  إندونيسيا  اليابان  كوريا  Laos  Malaysia  المالديف  Mongolia  ميانمار  Nepal  باكستان  Philippines  Russia Buryatia   قلميقيا  Tuva  Singapore  سريلانكا  Taiwan  Thailand  التبت  فيتنام  Africa  Central Asia  الشرق الأوسط Iran  الغرب Argentina  Australia  Brazil  Canada  France  Mexico  United Kingdom  الولايات المتحدة  Venezuela 
التاريخ:  Timeline  أشوكا  كانيشكا  Buddhist councils  تاريخ البوذية في الهند تراجع البوذية في شبه القارة الهندية  Great Anti-Buddhist Persecution  بوذية إغريقية ميناندر الأول  Buddhism and the Roman world  البوذية في الغرب  Silk Road transmission of Buddhism  اضطهاد البوذيين  Banishment of Buddhist monks from Nepal  الأزمة البوذية  Sinhalese Buddhist nationalism  حداثة بوذية  Vipassana movement  حركة 969  المرأة في البوذية 
الفلسفة:  أبهيدارما  Atomism  Buddhology  الخالق  الديمقراطية  الاقتصاد  حواس الوعي الثمانية  المشاركة  Eschatology  الأخلاقيات  التطوري  Humanism  نظرية المعرفة المنطقية البوذية  Reality  العلمانية  الاشتراكية  The unanswered questions 
الثقافة:  عمارة بوذية معبد بوذي  فيهارا  Kyaung  وات (معبد)  Ordination hall  إسطبة  باغودة Burmese pagoda  Candi  عمارة دزونغ  List of Buddhist architecture in China  عمارة بوذية يابانية  Korean Buddhist temples  Thai temple art and architecture  Tibetan Buddhist architecture  فن بوذي الفن اليوناني البوذي  Bodhi Tree  Budai  Buddha in art  تقويم بوذي  مطبخ بوذي  Funeral  Holidays Vesak  Uposatha  Māgha Pūjā  Asalha Puja  Vassa  Jaya Sri Maha Bodhi  Kasaya  معبد مهابودهي  مانترا Om mani padme hum  المودرا  Music  Pilgrimage لومبيني  Maya Devi Temple  بود جايا  Sarnath  كوشينجار  Poetry  جابامالا  Hama Yumi  Prayer wheel  رمزية بوذية عجلة دارما  Flag  Bhavacakra  صليب معقوف  Thangka  Temple of the Tooth  Vegetarianism 
أخرى:  Abhijñā  أميتابها  Brahmā  Dharma talk  هينايانا  كالبا  Koliya  Lineage  Māra  Ṛddhi  Siddhi  لغة مقدسة بالي  اللغة السنسكريتية 
مع الديانات الأخرى:  Baháʼí Faith  المسيحية Influences  مقارنة  East Asian religions  الغنوصية  الهندوسية  الجاينية  Judaism  Psychology  Science  الثيوصوفية  العنف  Western philosophy 
القوائم:  Bodhisattvas  بوذوية  Buddhists  Suttas  سوتراs  Temples  Festivals 
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