سامري كاليكوت
مراجع

↑  M. G. S. Narayanan, Perumals of Kerala: Brahmin Oligarchy and Ritual Monarchy – Political and Social Conditions of Kerala Under the Cera Perumals of Makotai (c. AD 800–AD 1124). Kerala. Calicut University Press, 1996, pp. 512.
1 2  S. Muhammad Hussain Nainar (1942). Tuhfat-al-Mujahidin: An Historical Work in The Arabic Language. University of Madras. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2022-05-08.
1 2  Ma Huan's Ying-yai Sheng-lan: 'The Overall Survey of the Ocean's Shores' [1433]. Translated and Edited by J. V. G. Mills. Cambridge University Press for the Hakluyt Society (1970).
↑  Varier, M. R. Raghava. "Documents of Investiture Ceremonies" in K. K. N. Kurup, Edit., "India's Naval Traditions". Northern Book Centre, New Delhi, 1997
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28  K. V. Krishna Iyer, Zamorins of Calicut: From the earliest times to AD 1806. Calicut: Norman Printing Bureau, 1938.
1 2  Krishna Iyer، K. V. (1938). The Zamorins of Calicut. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2021-04-10.
1 2 3  The Portuguese, Indian Ocean and European Bridgeheads 1500–1800. Festschrift in Honour of Prof. K. S. Mathew (2001). Edited by: Pius Malekandathil and T. Jamal Mohammed. Fundacoa Oriente. Institute for Research in Social Sciences and Humanities of MESHAR (Kerala)
↑  Eila M.J. Campbell, Felipe Fernandez-Armesto, "Vasco da Gama." Encyclopædia Britannica Online
↑  Sreedhara Menon، A. (2007). Kerala Charitram. Kottayam: DC Books. ISBN:978-81-264-1588-5. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2021-11-13. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2020-07-19.
↑  "Kerala | History, Map, Capital, & Facts". Encyclopedia Britannica. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2022-05-16.
↑  Shungoony Menon, P. (1878). A History of Travancore from the Earliest Times (بالإنجليزية). Madras: Higgin Botham & Co. pp. 162–164. Archived from the original on 2022-05-03. Retrieved 2016-05-05.
↑  World States Men: Indian Princes Princely states of India نسخة محفوظة 2022-03-02 على موقع واي باك مشين.
1 2 3 4 5 6  V. V., Haridas. "King court and culture in medieval Kerala – The Zamorins of Calicut (AD 1200 to AD 1767)". Unpublished PhD Thesis. Mangalore University
1 2  K. V. Krishna Iyer, "The Importance of the Zamorins of Calicut", Proceedings of the Indian History Congress, 37 (1976), pp. 252–259.
↑  J. A. Thorne, "Appendix II (c). Royal Titles in Malabar", in Mansel Longworth Dames (ed.), The Book of Duarte Barbosa, Volume 2 (Asian Educational Services, 1989), pp. 260–262.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10  Narayanan, M. G. S. (1996). Perumals of Kerala: Political and Social Conditions of Kerala Under the Cēra Perumals of Makotai (c. 800 A.D. – 1124 A.D.) (بالإنجليزية). Xavier Press. Archived from the original on 2022-05-12.
↑  "المسالك:مدينة قالقوط". المسالك. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2022-05-09. {{استشهاد ويب}}: تحقق من قيمة |مسار= (مساعدة)
1 2 3  Kunhali. V. "Calicut in History" Publication Division, University of Calicut (Kerala), 2004
↑  "رحلة ابن بطوطة | ابن بطوطة يتعرض من جديد لعملية قرصنة إخرى في جزيرة هنور وفاكتور عندما هاجمه اثنا عشر مركبا وعودته إلى قالقوط". books.rafed.net. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2022-03-09. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2022-05-09.
1 2 3 4 5 6  Subairath C.T. "Calicut: A Centri-petal Force in the Chinese and Arab Trade (1200–1500)". Proceedings of the Indian History Congress. Vol. 72, Part-II (2011), pp. 1082–1089
↑  "Lectures 26–27". Purdue University. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2013-02-01. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2009-09-23.
↑  Sanjay Subrahmanyam. The Political Economy of Commerce: Southern India 1500–1650. Cambridge University Press, 2002
↑  Aoyagi, Y., and Ogawa, H., 2004. "Chinese Trade Ceramics of the Thirteenth and Fourteenth Centuries in the Malabar Coast", in N. Karashima (Ed.), Search of Ceramic Sherds in Southern India and Sri Lanka, Taisho University Press, Tokyo: pp. 47–54.
↑  Raghava Varier, M. R., 2003. "Pantalayani Kollam: A Medieval Port Town on the Malabar Coast", in Kesavan Veluthat and P. P. Sudhakaran (Eds.), Advances in History, Essays in Memory of Professor M. P. Sridharan, Professor M. P. Sridharan Memorial Trust, Calicut: 154–179.
↑  Annual Report on Indian Epigraphy, Ins. 98 of 1909
↑  Fuller, C. J. (1976). The Nayars Today (بالإنجليزية). CUP Archive. ISBN:978-0-521-29091-3. Archived from the original on 2020-02-16.
↑  "After the Tirantukalyanam rite, the Zamorin selects a suitable husband for them. According to the principle of hypergamy, this must be a Nambutiri or Kshatriya. Formerly they were generally chosen, for political and strategic reasons, from the Kshatriya svarupams of Bettam, Kurumbranad, Beypore and Cranganore, though now and then, Nambutiris also came in for the distinction." p. 8, K. V. Krishna Iyer, Zamorins of Calicut: From the earliest times to AD 1806. Calicut: Norman Printing Bureau, 1938 December.
↑  C. J. Fuller. "Changing Cultures: The Nayars Today". Cambridge University Press, 1976. pp. 116.
↑  pp. 262, K. V. Krishna Iyer, Zamorins of Calicut: From the earliest times to AD 1806. Calicut: Norman Printing Bureau, 1938 December.
↑  "officialwebsite of". Kerala.gov.in. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2022-01-03. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2010-03-30.
↑  Divakaran، Kattakada (2005). Kerala Sanchaaram. Thiruvananthapuram: Z Library.
↑  The table is compiled from V. V., Haridas. "King court and culture in medieval Kerala – The Zamorins of Calicut (AD 1200 to AD 1767)". Unpublished PhD Thesis. Mangalore University.
↑  Rajan Gurukkal, 'A New Epigraph Referring to Eranadu', Proceedings of Indian History Congress, pp. 526–531.
↑  Narayanan, M. G. S, 'The Zamorin's Gift to the Muccunti Mosque' in Cultural Symbiosis in Kerala, Thiruvananthapuram: Kerala Historical Society, 1972.
↑  Desai, Z. A, A Topographical List of Arabic, Persian and Urdu Inscriptions of South India. New Delhi: Indian Council of Historical Research, 1989.
↑  Narayanan. M. G. S. "Calicut: The City of Truth Revisited". University of Calicut, 2006 – Calicut (India)
↑  "Manavikrama alias Punturakkon of Eranad – A New Name in the Twilight of the Cera Kingdom in Kerala", M. G. S. Narayanan. Paper presented at the 18th Annual Congress of Epigraphical Society of India, Pune, 1992.
1 2  Menon. A Sreedhara, "A Survey of Kerala History", DC Books, 2007 – Kerala (India)
↑  Panikkassery, Velayudhan. MM Publications (2007), Kottayam India
↑  K. V. Krishna Iyer, Court Historian of the Zamorins, describes the event: "The nominal reason for the military expedition was to protect the rights of the Brahmins in Quilon. Quilon had earlier opposed the expansion Calicut supremacy south of Kochi (former Perumpadappu). However, the Calicut forces advanced by Chetwai and Kanhur River, Zamorin Maharaja crossed the backwater at Vypin, marching through Chiranganad Karappuram, Payattukad, Alleppey, Trikunnappuzha and Kartikappally, and entered Odanad. Soon, the ruler of Quilon propitiated Calicut by paying the expenses of the battles, ceding the lands known as Munjiramukkattam (Munjiramukkattam was later transferred by the Calicut to the temple of Padmanabha or to Mathappuram shrine). Quilon also agreed to send annual tribute along with the flag of fealty to Tirunavaya for the Mamankam festival."
1 2 3  Muzaffar Alam, Sanjay Subrahmanyam. "Indo-Persian Travels in the Age of Discoveries, 1400–1800". Cambridge University Press, 2007
1 2  Jung-pang Lo. "Zheng He". Encyclopædia Britannica Online نسخة محفوظة 2022-04-23 على موقع واي باك مشين.
1 2  Dreyer, Edward L. (2007). "Zheng He: China and the Oceans in the Early Ming Dynasty, 1405–1433". New York: Pearson Longman.
↑  John King Fairbank, Denis Crispin Twitchett, Frederick W. Mote. The Cambridge History of China, Volume 7, Part 1. Cambridge University Press, 1978. pp. 233–236.
↑  Tansen Sen. India, China, and the World: A Connected History. Rowman & Littlefield (2017)
1 2  Michael Keevak. Embassies to China: Diplomacy and Cultural Encounters Before the Opium Wars. Springer (2017)
↑  Chan, Hok-lam (1998). "The Chien-wen, Yung-lo, Hung-hsi, and Hsüan-te reigns, 1399–1435". The Cambridge History of China, Volume 7: The Ming Dynasty, 1368–1644, Part 1. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press
↑  Duyvendak، J.J.L. (1938). "The True Dates of the Chinese Maritime Expeditions in the Early Fifteenth Century". T'oung Pao. ج. 34 ع. 5: 341–413. DOI:10.1163/156853238X00171. JSTOR:4527170.
↑  Levathes, Louise (1996). When China Ruled the Seas: The Treasure Fleet of the Dragon Throne, 1405–1433. New York: Oxford University Press.
↑  Das Gupta, A., 1967. Malabar in Asian Trade: 1740–1800. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
1 2  T. G. Percival Spear. "European activity in India, 1498 – c. 1760" Encyclopædia Britannica Online
↑  Prange, Sebastian R. Monsoon Islam: Trade and Faith on the Medieval Malabar Coast. Cambridge University Press, 2018.
1 2 3  Subrahmanyam, Sanjay."The Political Economy of Commerce: Southern India 1500–1650" Cambridge University Press, (2002)
1 2  Sanjay Subrahmanyam. "The Political Economy of Commerce: Southern India 1500–1650". Cambridge University Press, 2002
↑  Harold V. Livermore. "Afonso de Albuquerque". Encyclopædia Britannica Online
↑  Singh، Arun Kumar (11 فبراير 2017). "Give Indian Navy its due". العصر الآسيوي. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2022-04-07. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2021-01-23.
↑  A. Sreedhara Menon. Kerala History and its Makers. D C Books (2011)
↑  A G Noorani. Islam in Kerala. Books نسخة محفوظة 2022-05-10 على موقع واي باك مشين.
↑  Roland E. Miller. Mappila Muslim Culture SUNY Press, 2015
1 2 3  K. K. N. Kurup, ed., India's Naval Traditions. Northern Book Centre, New Delhi, 1997
1 2  Subrahmanyam, Sanjay (2012). The Portuguese Empire in Asia, 1500–1700: A Political and Economic History (بالإنجليزية). John Wiley & Sons. ISBN:9780470672914. Archived from the original on 2022-04-10.
1 2  Malekandathil, Pius. "Winds of Change and Links of Continuity: A Study on the Merchant Groups of Kerala and the Channels of Their Trade, 1000–1800." Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient, vol. 50, no. 2/3, 2007, pp. 259–286. JSTOR, www.jstor.org/stable/25165196.
1 2  Pius Malekandathil. "The Portuguese Casados and the Intra-Asian Trade: 1500–1663", in Proceedings of the Indian History Congress (Part One) – Indian History Congress (2001) – Medieval India. p. 387
↑  Henry Morse Stephens (1897). "Chapter 1". Albuquerque. Rulers of India series. Asian Educational Services. ISBN:978-81-206-1524-3. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2022-05-03.
↑  Menon. A. Sreedhara. Kerala History and its Makers. D. C. Books (Kerala). pp. 101–107.
1 2 3 4  Ayyar, KV Krishna. The Zamorins of Calicut. Calicut: Norman Printing Bureau, 1938. Print.
1 2  Ben Cahoon. "Indian Princely States K-Z". Worldstatesmen.org. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2022-03-02. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2015-12-23.
↑  Pamela Nightingale, ‘Jonathan Duncan  ‏ (bap. 1756, d. 1811)’, Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, 2004; online edn, May 2009
↑  Krishnadas Rajagopal. "Zamorin of Calicut passes away". The Hindu 28 March 2013
1 2  Hari Govind. "Zamorin opposes temples' takeover". Deccan Chronicle 8 September 2017
↑  "Zamorin’s family seeks govt. help to preserve rare artefacts". The Hindu 18 May 2017
قالب:South Malabar
قالب:Malabar
قالب:Kerala
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معبد ثالي (1901)، كاليكوت
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منح ملك شيرا محارب عيرادي، كعلامة على الامتنان، قطعة صغيرة من الأرض ("كوجيكود وتشوليكادو").
الهند في أوائل عام 1320. لاحظ أن معظم أجزاء ولاية كيرالا الحالية كانت تحت سيادة سامريكوجيكود.
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نسخة طبق الأصل حديثة من الشاهدة المثبتة في كاليكوت بواسطة Zheng He . شوهد مع اللوحات الأخرى في Stele Pavilion of the Treasure Boat Shipyard في نانجينغ .
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الحصن البرتغالي في كاليكوت
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فاسكو دا غاما
هبوط فاسكو دا غاما في كاليكوت - تصوير حديث (1911) بواسطة آلان ستيوارت
عملة برتغالية صدرت لإحياء ذكرى هبوط فاسكو دا غاما في كاليكوت
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العرب وسكان مليبار المحليين يهاجمون البرتغاليين في كاليكوت
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السيف الذي استخدمه Kunjali Marakkar محفوظ في مسجد Kottakkal ، Vadakara
سامري من كاليكوت (1868-1892). في عام 1766 هزم حيدر علي من ميسور سامري كاليكوت واستوعب منطقة مليبار في ولايته. بعد حرب ميسور الثالثة (1790-1792)، تم وضع مليبار تحت سيطرة شركة الهند الشرقية البريطانية. في وقت لاحق ، تم تغيير وضع السامريين كحكام مستقلين إلى وضع المتقاعدين في الشركة.
كيه سي مانافيدان راجا (1932-1937)