فتوحات الإمبراطورية الأخمينية في وادي السند
مراجع

1 2 3 4 5 6  Sen, Ancient Indian History and Civilization 1999، صفحات 116–117.
↑  André-Salvini, Béatrice (2005). Forgotten Empire: The World of Ancient Persia (بالإنجليزية). University of California Press. ISBN:978-0-520-24731-4. Archived from the original on 2020-08-12.
↑  (Fussman, 1993, p. 84). "This is inferred from the fact that Gandhara (OPers. Gandāra) is already mentioned at Bisotun, while the toponym Hinduš (Sindhu) is added only in later inscriptions."
↑  Briant, Pierre (21 Jul 2002). From Cyrus to Alexander: A History of the Persian Empire (بالإنجليزية). Penn State Press. ISBN:978-1-57506-574-8. Archived from the original on 2021-04-02.
↑  Kerr, Gordon (2017). A Short History of India: From the Earliest Civilisations to Today's Economic Powerhouse (بالألمانية). Oldcastle Books. p. PT16. ISBN:9781843449232. Archived from the original on 2021-03-07.
↑  Thapar, Romila (1990). A History of India (بالإنجليزية). Penguin UK. p. 422. ISBN:9780141949765. Archived from the original on 2021-03-08.
1 2  Some sounds are omitted in the writing of Old Persian, and are shown with a raised letter.Old Persian p.164Old Persian p.13. In particular Old Persian nasals such as "n" were omitted in writing before consonants Old Persian p.17Old Persian p.25 نسخة محفوظة 4 أغسطس 2020 على موقع واي باك مشين.
1 2  Perfrancesco Callieri, INDIA ii. Historical Geography, Encyclopaedia Iranica, 15 December 2004. نسخة محفوظة 2021-02-28 على موقع واي باك مشين.
↑  Eggermont, Alexander's Campaigns in Sind and Baluchistan 1975، صفحة 177: "One should, therefore, be careful to distinguish the limited geographical unit of Gandhāra from the political one bearing the same name."
↑  Tauqeer Ahmad, University of the Punjab, Lahore, South Asian Studies, A Research Journal of South Asian Studies, Vol. 27, No. 1, January–June 2012, pp. 221-232 p.222 نسخة محفوظة 2021-03-01 على موقع واي باك مشين.
↑  FLEMING، DAVID (1993). "Where was Achaemenid India?". Bulletin of the Asia Institute. ج. 7: 67–72. JSTOR:24048427.
↑  FLEMING، DAVID (1993). "Where was Achaemenid India?". Bulletin of the Asia Institute. ج. 7: 70. JSTOR:24048427.
↑  Marshall, John (1975) [1951]. Taxila: Volume I. Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass. pp. 83.
↑  Waters, Matt (2014). Ancient Persia: A Concise History of the Achaemenid Empire, 550–330 BCE (بالإنجليزية). Cambridge University Press. p. 82. ISBN:9781107009608. Archived from the original on 2021-03-08.
↑  DNa - Livius (بالإنجليزية). Archived from the original on 2021-03-25.
↑  Hamadan Gold and Silver Tablet inscription نسخة محفوظة 2021-03-08 على موقع واي باك مشين.
↑  Dandamaev, A Political History of the Achaemenid Empire 1989، صفحة 147; Neelis, Early Buddhist Transmission and Trade Networks 2010، صفحات 96–97; Sen, Sailendra Nath (1999). Ancient Indian History and Civilization (بالإنجليزية). New Age International. p. 117. ISBN:9788122411980. Archived from the original on 2021-03-08.
1 2  "The region was soon to appear as Hindūš in the Old Persian inscriptions... Transparent though the name appears at first sight, its location is not without problems. Foucher, Kent and many subsequent writers have identified Hindūš with its ethymological equivalent , Sind, thereby placing it on the lower Indus towards the delta. However (...) no material evidence of Achaemenid activity in this region is so far available. (...) There seems no evidence at present of gold production in the Indus delta, so this detail seems to weight against the location of the Hindūš province in Sind. (...) The alternative location to Sind for an Achaemenid province of Hindūš is naturally at Taxila and in the West Punjab, where there are indications that a Persian satrapy may have existed, though no clear evidence of its name." in Cambridge Ancient History (بالإنجليزية). Cambridge University Press. 2002. pp. 203–204. ISBN:9780521228046. Archived from the original on 2021-05-02.
↑  FLEMING، DAVID (1993). "Where was Achaemenid India?". Bulletin of the Asia Institute. ج. 7: 69. JSTOR:24048427.
↑  Parker, Grant (2008). The Making of Roman India (بالإنجليزية). Cambridge University Press. p. 15. ISBN:9780521858342. Archived from the original on 2021-01-22.
↑  Olmstead, History of the Persian Empire 1948، صفحات 144–145.
↑  Samad, Rafi U. (2011). The Grandeur of Gandhara: The Ancient Buddhist Civilization of the Swat, Peshawar, Kabul and Indus Valleys (بالإنجليزية). Algora Publishing. ISBN:978-0-87586-859-2. Archived from the original on 2021-04-02.
1 2 3  Beckwith, Christopher I. (2015). Greek Buddha: Pyrrho's Encounter with Early Buddhism in Central Asia (بالإنجليزية). Princeton University Press. p. 5. ISBN:9781400866328. Archived from the original on 2020-06-23.
↑  Herodotus VII 65
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