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مراجع

1 2  "Letter 5140 – Wallace, A. R. to Darwin, C. R., 2 July 1866". Darwin Correspondence Project. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2016-01-25. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2010-01-12.
"Letter 5145 – Darwin, C. R. to Wallace, A. R., 5 July (1866)". Darwin Correspondence Project. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2015-09-23. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2010-01-12.

^ "Herbert Spencer in his Principles of Biology of 1864, vol. 1, p. 444, wrote: 'This survival of the fittest, which I have here sought to express in mechanical terms, is that which Mr. Darwin has called "natural selection", or the preservation of favoured races in the struggle for life.'" Maurice E. Stucke، Better Competition Advocacy، مؤرشف من الأصل في 2023-04-13، اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2007-08-29, citing HERBERT SPENCER, THE PRINCIPLES OF BIOLOGY 444 (Univ. Press of the Pac. 2002.)
↑  "This preservation, during the battle for life, of varieties which possess any advantage in structure, constitution, or instinct, I have called Natural Selection; and Mr. Herbert Spencer has well expressed the same idea by the Survival of the Fittest. The term "natural selection" is in some respects a bad one, as it seems to imply conscious choice; but this will be disregarded after a little familiarity." Darwin، Charles (1868)، The Variation of Animals and Plants under Domestication (ط. 1st)، London: John Murray، ج. 1، ص. 6، مؤرشف من الأصل في 2016-03-04، اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2015-08-10
↑  Freeman، R. B. (1977)، "On the Origin of Species"، The Works of Charles Darwin: An Annotated Bibliographical Handlist (ط. 2nd)، Cannon House, Folkestone, Kent, England: Wm Dawson & Sons Ltd
↑  "This preservation of favourable variations, and the destruction of injurious variations, I call Natural Selection, or the Survival of the Fittest." – Darwin، Charles (1869)، On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection, or the Preservation of Favoured Races in the Struggle for Life (ط. 5th)، London: John Murray، ص. 91–92، مؤرشف من الأصل في 2019-02-09، اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2009-02-22
↑  "This preservation of favourable variations, and the destruction of injurious variations, I call Natural Selection, or the Survival of the Fittest." – Darwin، Charles (1869)، On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection, or the Preservation of Favoured Races in the Struggle for Life (ط. 5th)، London: John Murray، ص. 91–92، مؤرشف من الأصل في 2020-03-08، اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2009-02-22
↑  Darwin، Charles (1869)، On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection, or the Preservation of Favoured Races in the Struggle for Life (ط. 5th)، London: John Murray، ص. 72، مؤرشف من الأصل في 2020-03-08
↑  The principle of natural selection applied to groups of individual is known as اصطفاء زمري.
↑  Herbert Spencer؛ Truxton Beale (1916)، The Man Versus the State: A Collection of Essays، M. Kennerley، مؤرشف من الأصل في 2020-03-08 {{استشهاد}}: |archive-date= / |archive-url= timestamp mismatch (مساعدة) (snippet)
↑  Colby، Chris (1996–1997)، Introduction to Evolutionary Biology، TalkOrigins Archive، مؤرشف من الأصل في 2020-02-28، اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2009-02-22
↑  von Sydow, M. (2014). ‘Survival of the Fittest’ in Darwinian Metaphysics – Tautology or Testable Theory? نسخة محفوظة 3 March 2016 على موقع واي باك مشين. (pp. 199–222) In E. Voigts, B. Schaff & M. Pietrzak-Franger (Eds.). Reflecting on Darwin. Farnham, London: Ashgate.
1 2  Sahney, S., Benton, M.J. and Ferry, P.A. (2010)، "Links between global taxonomic diversity, ecological diversity and the expansion of vertebrates on land"، Biology Letters، ج. 6، ص. 544–547، DOI:10.1098/rsbl.2009.1024، PMC:2936204، PMID:20106856.{{استشهاد}}:  صيانة الاستشهاد: أسماء متعددة: قائمة المؤلفين (link)
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