ديمقراطية ليبرالية
مراجع

↑  "freedomhouse.org: Methodology". Freedomhouse.org. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2007-02-27. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2008-10-28.
1 2  Aeyal Gross (201). "All signs point toward ethnocracy, not democracy, in Israel". Haartez. مؤرشف من الأصل في 23 أبريل 2015. اطلع عليه بتاريخ Feb 14 2015. {{استشهاد ويب}}: تحقق من التاريخ في: |تاريخ الوصول= (مساعدة)
↑  Francis Fukuyama (1992). The End Of History and the Last Man. The Free Press. ص. 42. ISBN:0-02-910975-2. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2020-11-08.{{استشهاد بكتاب}}:  صيانة الاستشهاد: التاريخ والسنة (link)
↑  Francis Fukuyama (1992). The End Of History and the Last Man. The Free Press. ص. 43. ISBN:0-02-910975-2. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2020-11-08.{{استشهاد بكتاب}}:  صيانة الاستشهاد: التاريخ والسنة (link)
↑  Francis Fukuyama (1992). The End Of History and the Last Man. The Free Press. ص. 44. ISBN:0-02-910975-2. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2020-11-08.{{استشهاد بكتاب}}:  صيانة الاستشهاد: التاريخ والسنة (link)
↑  Kopstein، Jeffrey؛ Lichbach، Mark؛ Hanson، Stephen E.، المحررون (2014). Comparative Politics: Interests, Identities, and Institutions in a Changing Global Order (ط. 4, revised). Cambridge University Press. ص. 37–39. ISBN:978-1139991384. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2020-04-12. Britain pioneered the system of liberal democracy that has now spread in one form or another to most of the world's countries
↑  "From legal document to public myth: Magna Carta in the 17th century". The British Library. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2020-09-22. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2017-10-16; "Magna Carta: Magna Carta in the 17th Century". The Society of Antiquaries of London. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2018-09-25. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2017-10-16.
↑  "Britain's unwritten constitution". British Library. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2019-08-30. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2015-11-27. The key landmark is the Bill of Rights (1689), which established the supremacy of Parliament over the Crown.... The Bill of Rights (1689) then settled the primacy of Parliament over the monarch's prerogatives, providing for the regular meeting of Parliament, free elections to the Commons, free speech in parliamentary debates, and some basic human rights, most famously freedom from 'cruel or unusual punishment'.
↑  "Constitutionalism: America & Beyond". Bureau of International Information Programs (IIP), U.S. Department of State. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2014-10-24. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2014-10-30. The earliest, and perhaps greatest, victory for liberalism was achieved in England. The rising commercial class that had supported the Tudor monarchy in the 16th century led the revolutionary battle in the 17th, and succeeded in establishing the supremacy of Parliament and, eventually, of the House of Commons. What emerged as the distinctive feature of modern constitutionalism was not the insistence on the idea that the king is subject to law (although this concept is an essential attribute of all constitutionalism). This notion was already well established in the Middle Ages. What was distinctive was the establishment of effective means of political control whereby the rule of law might be enforced. Modern constitutionalism was born with the political requirement that representative government depended upon the consent of citizen subjects.... However, as can be seen through provisions in the 1689 Bill of Rights, the English Revolution was fought not just to protect the rights of property (in the narrow sense) but to establish those liberties which liberals believed essential to human dignity and moral worth. The "rights of man" enumerated in the English Bill of Rights gradually were proclaimed beyond the boundaries of England, notably in the American Declaration of Independence of 1776 and in the French Declaration of the Rights of Man in 1789.
↑  "Citizenship 1625–1789". The National Archives. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2020-09-22. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2016-01-22; "Rise of Parliament". The National Archives. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2018-08-17. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2016-01-22.
↑  Heater، Derek (2006). "Emergence of Radicalism". Citizenship in Britain: A History. Edinburgh University Press. ص. 30–42. ISBN:9780748626724.
↑  Geoffrey Blainey; A Very Short History of the World; Penguin Books; 2004; (ردمك 978-0143005599)
↑  Schmitt، Carl (1985). The Crisis of Parliamentary Democracy. Cambridge: MIT Press. ص. 2, 8 (chapter 1). ISBN:978-0262192408.
↑  Doomen، Jasper (2014). Freedom and Equality in a Liberal Democratic State. Brussels: Bruylant. ص. 88, 101. ISBN:978-2802746232.
↑  "Christian Business Ordered to Duplicate Homosexual Activist". Concerned Women for America. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2008-11-28.
يتم التشكيك في الديمقراطية الإيرانية بسبب اشتراط قبول المرشحين، واعتماد القوانين من مجلس صيانة الدستور وهو ما يتطلب ولاءً مطلقاً للمرشد الأعلى