قانون عام (نظام قانوني)
مراجع

↑  Alphabetical Index of the 192 United Nations Member States and Corresponding Legal Systems نسخة محفوظة 22 July 2016 على موقع واي باك مشين., Website of the Faculty of Law of the University of Ottawa
↑  Garner، Bryan A. (2001) [1995]. A Dictionary of Modern Legal Usage (ط. 2nd). New York: دار نشر جامعة أكسفورد. ص. 177. ISBN:9780195077698. common law. A. As Noun—in Broad Contrasts. In modern usage, common law is contrasted with a number of other terms. First, in denoting the body of judge-made law based on that developed originally in England, common law is contrasted by comparative jurists to civil law, q.v. Second, 'with the development of equity and equitable rights and remedies, common law and equitable courts, procedure, rights, remedies, etc., are frequently contrasted, and in this sense common law is distinguished from equity' (OCL). Third, the term is similarly distinguished from ecclesiastical law. Fourth, it is occasionally used to denote the law common to the country as a whole-as distinguished from law that has only local applications. Finally, and perhaps most commonly within Anglo-American jurisdictions, common law is contrasted with statutory law <statutes in derogation of the common law are to be strictly construed>.
↑  "common law". LII / Legal Information Institute (بالإنجليزية). Archived from the original on 2025-02-16. Retrieved 2024-11-27.
1 2  "The Common Law and Civil Law Traditions" (PDF). Berkeley Law. 2016. مؤرشف (PDF) من الأصل في 2024-11-22. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2024-11-24. Common law is generally uncodified. This means that there is no comprehensive compilation of legal rules and statutes. While common law does rely on some scattered statutes, which are legislative decisions, it is largely based on precedent, meaning the judicial decisions that have already been made in similar cases. These precedents are maintained over time through the records of the courts as well as historically documented in collections of case law known as yearbooks and reports. The precedents to be applied in the decision of each new case are determined by the presiding judge.
1 2  "stare decisis". LII / Legal Information Institute (بالإنجليزية). Archived from the original on 2024-11-24. Retrieved 2024-11-27. Stare decisis is the doctrine that courts will adhere to precedent in making their decisions. Stare decisis means "to stand by things decided" in Latin. When a court faces a legal argument, if a previous court has ruled on the same or a closely related issue, then the court will make their decision in alignment with the previous court's decision.  The previous deciding-court must have binding authority over the court; otherwise, the previous decision is merely persuasive authority.
↑  "Marbury v. Madison, 5 U.S. 137 (1803)". Justia Law (بالإنجليزية). Archived from the original on 2025-02-16. Retrieved 2024-11-27.
↑  "case of first impression". LII / Legal Information Institute (بالإنجليزية). Archived from the original on 2024-12-03. Retrieved 2024-11-27.
1 2  "Common law | Definition, Origins, Development, & Examples | Britannica". www.britannica.com (بالإنجليزية). 26 Nov 2024. Archived from the original on 2025-02-15. Retrieved 2024-11-28.
1 2  Langbein, Lerner & Smith (2009), p. 4.
↑  Black's Law Dictionary – Common law (ط. 10th). 2014. ص. 334. 2. The body of law based on the English legal system, as distinct from a civil-law system; the general Anglo-American system of legal concepts, together with the techniques of applying them, that form the basis of the law in jurisdictions where the system applies...
1 2  Garner، Bryan A. (2001). A Dictionary of Modern Legal Usage (ط. 2nd, revised). New York: دار نشر جامعة أكسفورد. ISBN:9780195077698. "common law" is contrasted by comparative jurists to civil law.
↑  Washington Probate, "Estate Planning & Probate Glossary", Washington (State) Probate, s.v. "common law" نسخة محفوظة 25 May 2017 at wayback.archive-it.org, 8 December 2008:, retrieved on 7 November 2009.
↑  Charles Arnold-Baker, The Companion to British History, s.v. "English Law" (London: Loncross Denholm Press, 2008), 484.
↑  "Juriglobe". www.juriglobe.ca. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2024-11-02. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2024-11-28.
↑  "الوضع القانوني في فلسطين". lawcenter.birzeit.edu. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2023-02-05. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2024-05-03.
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↑  أحمد عبد الوهاب الشرقاوي (2015). معجم المصطلحات القانونية وحقوق الإنسان (بالعربية والإنجليزية). عَمَّان: أمواج للطباعة والنشر والتوزيع، مؤسسة الوارق للنشر والتوزيع. ج. 2. ص. 142. ISBN:978-9957-596-58-3. OCLC:946769298. QID:Q125689568.
↑  أمير العزب (2010). "قاموس المصطلحات و التعبيرات القانونية السياسية الدبلوماسية الاقتصادية التجارية والمالية المتداولة". المنصورة (بالعربية والإنجليزية) (ط. 1). دار الفكر والقانون: 127. ISBN:978-977-6253-26-1. OCLC:1158851134. QID:Q107371046.
↑  "الأنظمة القانونية المقارنة | PDF". Scribd. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2024-05-03. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2024-05-03.
↑  Garner، Bryan A. (2001). A Dictionary of Modern Legal Usage (ط. 2nd, revised). New York: دار نشر جامعة أكسفورد. ص. 177. Second, with the development of equity and equitable rights and remedies, common law and equitable courts, procedure, rights, and remedies, etc., are frequently contrasted, and in this sense common law is distinguished from equity. {{استشهاد بكتاب}}: الوسيط |ref=harv غير صالح (مساعدة)
↑  s.v. "common", 8 Dec. 2008:, retrieved 7 November 2009."1. A law based on a prior court decision" نسخة محفوظة 22 سبتمبر 2018 على موقع واي باك مشين.
↑  Garner، Bryan A. (2001) [1995]. A Dictionary of Modern Legal Usage (ط. 2nd, revised). New York: دار نشر جامعة أكسفورد. ص. 177. In modern usage, common law is contrasted with a number of other terms. First, in denoting the body of judge-made law based on that developed in England… [P]erhaps most commonly within Anglo-American jurisdictions, common law is contrasted with statutory law ... {{استشهاد بكتاب}}: الوسيط |ref=harv غير صالح (مساعدة)
↑  جيرار كورنو  ترجمة: منصور القاضي. معجم المصطلحات القانونية. المؤسسة الجامعية للدراسات والنشر والتوزيع. ص. 137.