السياسة المحافظة في الولايات المتحدة
مراجع

↑  Pilbeam، Bruce (2003). Anglo-American Conservative Ideology After the Cold War. United States: Palgrave Macmillan. ص. 100. ISBN:978-0333997659. For most conservatives, if there is a common culprit in explaining society's descent into moral chaos, then it is relativism – the notion that there are no absolute values or standards, merely different interpretations and perspectives.
↑  Langdale، John (2012). Superfluous Southerners: Cultural Conservatism and the South, 1920–1990. United States: University of Missouri Press. ص. 4. ISBN:9780826272850.
↑  Lipsman، Ron (2007). Liberal Hearts and Conservative Brains: The Correlation Between Age and Political Philosophy. United States: United States. ص. 232. ISBN:9780595463206. The American conservative system of rugged individualism, free markets, economic competition and deep respect for tradition...
↑  Critchlow، Donald (2009). Debating the American Conservative Movement: 1945 to the Present. United States: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers. ص. 15. ISBN:978-0742548244. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2022-07-16. Conservatives had a fear of Communism shared by most Americans. During this time a popular anti-Communist culture emerged in America, evident in movies, television programs, community activities, and grassroots organizations. This popular anti-Communist culture generated patriotic rallies, parades, city resolutions, and an array of anti—Communist groups concerned about Communist influence in the schools, textbooks, churches, labor unions, industry, and universities.
↑  Baldwin، Robert (2000). Congressional Trade Votes: From NAFTA Approval to Fast-track Defeat. الولايات المتحدة: معهد بيترسون للاقتصاد الدولي  ‏. ص. 30. ISBN:9780881322675. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2020-04-11. Conservatism generally is associated with pro-business, anti-labor, and strong-national-defense stances, all of which lead to support for free trade principles.{{استشهاد بكتاب}}:  صيانة الاستشهاد: علامات ترقيم زائدة (link)
↑  Smith، Don (2003). If It Ain't Broke – Break It!: A Document for Both Liberals and Conservatives. United States. ص. 59. ISBN:9780595275342. Conservatives have not liked what they see as the 'mushy' and 'confused' morals and the political, sexual and social mores of the American Nation of the last 50 years. They want clarity. They want guidelines based on Christian values. They trust God. Most Conservatives believe any sexual activity outside of the marriage contract is wrong. They believe that abortion is equivalent to murder, and they oppose assisted suicide.{{استشهاد بكتاب}}:  صيانة الاستشهاد: مكان بدون ناشر (link)
↑  Farmer، Brian (2005). American Conservatism: History, Theory and Practice. United States: Cambridge Scholars Publishing. ص. 52. ISBN:978-1904303541. To traditional conservatives, there most definitely are moral absolutes and they can most definitely and definitively identify those moral absolutes.
↑  Sherwood Thompson, Encyclopedia of Diversity and Social Justice. p. 7: "Historically...social justice became associated with liberalism in which equality is the ideal.", Rowman & Littlefield, 2014, (ردمك 978-1442216044).
↑  Gregory L. Schneider, The Conservative Century: From Reaction to Revolution "The label (conservatism) is in frequent use and has come to stand for a skepticism, at times an outright hostility, toward government social policies; a muscular foreign policy combined with a patriotic nationalism; a defense of traditional Christian religious values; and support for the free market economic system.", "Within the conservative disposition in America, there are inherent contradictions between supporters of social order and tradition and supporters of individual freedom." (2009) pp. 4–9, 136 نسخة محفوظة 11 أبريل 2020 على موقع واي باك مشين.
↑  Glenn H. Utter؛ James L. True (2004). Conservative Christians and Political Participation: A Reference Handbook. ABC-CLIO. ص. 51–53. ISBN:9781851095131. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2020-04-11.
↑  Clyde Wilcox (2018). Onward Christian Soldiers?: The Religious Right in American Politics. Taylor & Francis. ص. 96. ISBN:9780429974533. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2020-04-11.
↑  Lasser، William (1988). "V. The Modern Supreme Court: Crisis as Usual?". The Limits of Judicial Power: The Supreme Court in American Politics. UNC Press Books. ص. 186–188. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2019-02-23.
↑  Busch، Andrew E. (1 ديسمبر 2011). "Social Conservatives and Economic Conservatives". Society. ج. 49 ع. 1: 13–23. DOI:10.1007/s12115-011-9498-4.
↑  M. O. Dickerson et al., An Introduction to Government and Politics: A Conceptual Approach (2009) p. 129.
↑  Modern Political Philosophy (1999), Richard Hudelson, pp. 37–38 نسخة محفوظة 2020-04-11 على موقع واي باك مشين.
↑  Nicol C. Rae (1994). Southern Democrats. Oxford U.P. ص. 66. ISBN:9780198024774. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2020-04-11.
↑  Kirk, Russell. The Conservative Mind: From Burke to Eliot (1953) traced a continuous tradition since the 1790s.
↑  Patrick Allitt, The Conservatives: Ideas and Personalities Throughout American History, "before the 1950s there was no such thing as a conservative movement in the United States.", p. 2, Yale University Press, 2009, (ردمك 978-0-300-16418-3)
↑  Katznelson، Ira؛ Geiger، Kim؛ Kryder، Daniel (Summer 1993). "Limiting Liberalism: The Southern Veto in Congress, 1933–1950" (PDF). Political Science Quarterly. ج. 108 ع. 2: 283. DOI:10.2307/2152013. JSTOR:2152013. مؤرشف من الأصل (PDF) في 2020-04-11.
↑  Black، Merle (2004). "The Transformation of the Southern Democratic Party". The Journal of Politics. ج. 66 ع. 4: 1001–1017. DOI:10.1111/j.1468-2508.2004.00287.x.
↑  Vesla M. Weaver, "Frontlash: Race and the development of punitive crime policy." Studies in American political development 21.2 (2007): 230–265.
↑  John Anderson؛ University of North Carolina John Anderson (19 سبتمبر 2014). Conservative Christian Politics in Russia and the United States: Dreaming of Christian Nations. Routledge. ص. 136. ISBN:978-1-317-60663-5. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2020-04-11.Amy Lind؛ Stephanie Brzuzy (2008). Battleground: M-Z. Greenwood Publishing Group. ص. 508. ISBN:978-0-313-34039-0. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2020-04-11.Kenneth M. Cosgrove (2007). Branded Conservatives: How the Brand Brought the Right from the Fringes to the Center of American Politics. Peter Lang. ص. 27. ISBN:978-0-8204-7465-6. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2020-04-11.Steven L. Danver (14 مايو 2013). Encyclopedia of Politics of the American West. SAGE Publications. ص. 262. ISBN:978-1-4522-7606-9. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2020-04-11.
↑  Cal Jillson (2011). Texas Politics: Governing the Lone Star State. Taylor & Francis. ص. 87. ISBN:9780203829417. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2020-04-11. Social conservatives focus on moral or values issues, such as abortion, marriage, school prayer, and judicial appointments.
↑  Glenn Utter and Robert J. Spitzer, Encyclopedia of Gun Control & Gun Rights (2nd ed. 2011)
↑  Ahoura Afshar, "The Anti-gay Rights Movement in the United States: The Framing of Religion," Essex Human Rights Review (2006) 3#1 pp. 64–79 نسخة محفوظة 11 أبريل 2020 على موقع واي باك مشين.
↑  Safire, William (25 يناير 2004). "The Way We Live Now: On Language; Guns, God And Gays". نيويورك تايمز. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2020-04-11.
↑  Bruce Frohnen, ed. American Conservatism: An Encyclopedia (2006) pp. ix–xiv
↑  Michael Foley (2007). American credo: the place of ideas in US politics. دار نشر جامعة أكسفورد. ISBN:9780191528330. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2020-04-11. Against accusations of being pre-modern or even anti-modern in outlook, paleoconservatives press for restrictions on immigration, a rollback of تنوع ثقافي programmes, the decentralization of the federal polity, the restoration of controls upon free trade, a greater emphasis upon economic nationalism and انعزالية in the conduct of American foreign policy, and a generally revanchist outlook upon a social order in need of recovering old lines of distinction and in particular the assignment of roles in accordance with traditional categories of gender, ethnicity, and race.
↑  Paul Gottfried, Conservatism in America: Making Sense of the American Right, p. 9, "Postwar conservatives set about creating their own synthesis of free-market capitalism, Christian morality, and the global struggle against Communism." (2009); Gottfried, Theologies and moral concern (1995) p. 12.
↑  "The Magazine's Credenda". ناشونال ريفيو. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2020-04-11. "نسخة مؤرشفة". مؤرشف من الأصل في 2020-04-11. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2020-04-11.{{استشهاد ويب}}:  صيانة الاستشهاد: BOT: original URL status unknown (link)
↑  Milan Zafirovski (2008). Modern Free Society and Its Nemesis: Liberty Versus Conservatism in the New Millennium. Lexington Books. ص. 44–45. ISBN:9780739115169. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2020-04-11.
↑  Peter Viereck, Conservative Thinkers: From John Adams to Winston Churchill (1956), pp. 1–22.
↑  George H. Nash, The Conservative Intellectual Movement in America since 1945 (2008) pp 446–55.
↑  Johan Van Overtveldt, The Chicago School: how the University of Chicago assembled the thinkers who revolutionized economics and business (2007).
↑  "The Value-Centered Historicism of Edmund Burke". National Humanities Institute. 29 يوليو 2010. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2020-04-11. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2012-01-06.
↑  Grover Cleveland, "The President's message, 1887" (1887) online p. 37 نسخة محفوظة 11 أبريل 2020 على موقع واي باك مشين.
↑  "In U.S., Nearly Half Identify as Economically Conservative". مؤرشف من الأصل في 2020-04-10. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2018-02-08.
↑  "True believers". The Economist. 12 يونيو 2012. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2020-04-11. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2018-02-08.
↑  "In U.S., Nearly Half Identify as Economically Conservative". مؤرشف من الأصل في 2020-04-11. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2018-02-08.
↑  John Callaghan, "The Cold War and the March of Capitalism, Socialism and Democracy", Contemporary British History, (2001) 15#3:1–25. online نسخة محفوظة 11 أبريل 2020 على موقع واي باك مشين.
↑  Joel D. Aberbach؛ Gillian Peele (2011). Crisis of Conservatism?: The Republican Party, the Conservative Movement, and American Politics After Bush. Oxford UP. ص. 260. ISBN:9780199830268. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2020-06-08.
↑  See President Reagan's speech to governors in 1987 at Reagan, Ronald (1989). Public Papers of the Presidents of the United States: Ronald Reagan, 1987. ص. 292. ISBN:9781623769505. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2017-03-13.
↑  Majia Holmer Nadesan (10 يونيو 2010). Governmentality, Biopower, and Everyday Life. Routledge. ص. 41. ISBN:978-1-135-90358-9. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2020-06-08.Joel D. Aberbach؛ Gillian Peele (17 يونيو 2011). Crisis of Conservatism?: The Republican Party, the Conservative Movement, and American Politics After Bush. Oxford University Press. ص. 260. ISBN:978-0-19-983136-4. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2020-06-08.Louise A. Tilly؛ Patricia Gurin (21 يونيو 1990). Women, Politics and Change. Russell Sage Foundation. ص. 532. ISBN:978-1-61044-534-4. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2020-06-08.
↑  Darren Dochuk, From Bible Belt to Sun Belt: Plain-Folk Religion, Grassroots Politics, and the Rise of Evangelical Conservatism (W.W. Norton & Company; 2010) shows how migrants to Southern California from Oklahoma, Texas, and Arkansas provided evangelical support for social conservatism.
↑  Ed Kilgore. "Starving the Beast". Blueprint Magazine. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2004-11-20. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2010-12-09.
↑  "Article | The American Prospect". Prospect.org. 15 مارس 2005. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2020-06-08. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2010-12-09.
↑  Kathleen G. Donohue (2005). Freedom from Want: American Liberalism and the Idea of the Consumer. Johns Hopkins University Press. ص. 2. ISBN:9780801883910. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2020-01-29.
↑  Dieter Plehwe, Bernhard Walpen, Gisela Neunhöffer (eds), Neoliberal Hegemony: A Global Critique, [[روتليدج (دار نشر)|]] (February 8, 2006), (ردمك 0415460034), p. 1. نسخة محفوظة 11 أكتوبر 2017 على موقع واي باك مشين.
↑  Steven F. Hayward, The Age of Reagan: The Conservative Counterrevolution 1980–1989 (2009), p. 477.
↑  Chris Edwards, "Reagan's Budget Legacy," CATO Institute June 8, 2004 نسخة محفوظة December 6, 2010, على موقع واي باك مشين.
↑  Nash، George H (26 أبريل 2016). "The Conservative Intellectual Movement in America: Then and Now". National Review. New York City. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2017-12-23. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2017-04-14. Modern American conservatism is not, and has never been, monolithic. It is a coalition with many points of origin and diverse tendencies that are not always easy to reconcile.
↑  Paul S. Boyer؛ وآخرون (2007). The Enduring Vision: A History of the American People. Cengage Learning. ص. 934. ISBN:978-0618801596. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2017-05-25.
↑  see Steven Brint and Jean Reith Schroedel, eds., Evangelicals and Democracy in America, Volume II: Religion and Politics (Russell Sage Foundation, 2009) for scholarly studies
↑  Prudence Flowers, "'A Prolife Disaster': The Reagan Administration and the Nomination of Sandra Day O'Connor." Journal of Contemporary History 53.2 (2018): 391–414.
↑  J. Postell؛ J. O'Neill (12 نوفمبر 2013). Toward an American Conservatism: Constitutional Conservatism during the Progressive Era. Springer. ص. 13–14. ISBN:978-1-137-30096-6. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2020-06-08.Ken Blackwell؛ Ken Klukowski (31 مايو 2011). Resurgent: How Constitutional Conservatism Can Save America. Simon and Schuster. ص. 99–100. ISBN:978-1-4516-2928-6. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2020-06-08.
↑  Peter Berkowitz (12 فبراير 2013). Constitutional Conservatism. Hoover Press. ص. 5. ISBN:978-0-8179-1604-6. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2020-06-08.
↑  Schambra، William A. (20 أغسطس 2012). "The Origins and Revival of Constitutional Conservatism: 1912 and 2012". Political Process. The Heritage Foundation. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2019-12-09. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2017-06-21.Lienesch، Michael (يوليو 2016). "Creating Constitutional Conservatism". Polity. ج. 48 ع. 3: 387–413. DOI:10.1057/pol.2016.10. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2017-09-01. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2017-06-21.
↑  Mark A. Graber (6 مارس 2015). A New Introduction to American Constitutionalism. Oxford University Press. ص. 76. ISBN:978-0-19-024523-8. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2020-06-08.Bradley C. S. Watson (2009). Ourselves and Our Posterity: Essays in Constitutional Originalism. Lexington Books. ص. 289. ISBN:978-0-7391-2789-6. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2020-06-08.Daniel T. Rodgers (1 مايو 2011). Age of Fracture. Harvard University Press. ص. 241–242. ISBN:978-0-674-05952-8. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2020-06-08.Nancy Maveety (2 فبراير 2016). Picking Judges. Transaction Publishers. ص. 20. ISBN:978-1-4128-6224-0. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2020-06-08.
↑  Ronald Hamowy (2008). The Encyclopedia of Libertarianism. SAGE Publications. ISBN:9781412965804. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2020-06-05.
↑  Justin Vaïsse (2010). Neoconservatism: The Biography of a Movement. Harvard UP. ص. 244ff. ISBN:9780674050518. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2017-02-22.
↑  Jean Edward Smith, Bush, "Bush precipitated the deterioration of America's position abroad, led the United States in a $3 trillion dollar war in Iraq that cost more than four thousand American lives, ... and inspired young Muslims throughout the world to join the jihad.", Simon & Schuster; Reprint edition (July 18, 2017), (ردمك 978-1476741208).
↑  Samuel P. Huntington, "The Clash of Civilizations," Foreign Affairs Summer 1993, v72, n3, pp. 22–50, online version. نسخة محفوظة 5 مايو 2020 على موقع واي باك مشين.
↑  Joseph Scotchie. The Paleoconservatives: New Voices of the Old Right. Transaction Publishers. ISBN:9781412838184. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2017-03-13.
↑  Peter Berkowitz (2004). Varieties of Conservatism in America. Hoover Press. ص. 19ff. ISBN:9780817945732. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2017-03-13.
1 2  Nwanevu، Osita (21 يوليو 2019). "Conservative Nationalism Is Trumpism for Intellectuals". New Yorker. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2020-04-29. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2019-07-22.
↑  Boot، Max (22 يوليو 2019). "What comes after Trump may be even worse". Washington Post. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2019-12-26. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2019-07-22.
↑  "National Conservatism, a conference in Washington DC, July 14–16". nationalconservatism.org. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2020-05-30. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2019-07-22.
↑  Schuessler، Jennifer (19 يوليو 2019). "Polishing the Nationalist Brand in the Trump Era". New York Times. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2020-06-08. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2019-08-03.
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