تاريخ برشلونة
مراجع

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↑  Servei d'Arqueologia of Institut de Cultura de Barcelona. "Caserna de Sant Pau del Camp". CartaArqueologica (بالإسبانية). Ajuntament de Barcelona. p. Description and Historical Notes. Archived from the original on 2016-03-03. Retrieved 2016-05-02. The intervention at the site began with an archaeological survey that yielded positive results and triggered a second phase in which extensive excavation of the affected area was conducted, making it possible to document its successive occupations and uses. Level IV, defined by a set of 24 burials (all individual graves except for one double) and diverse habitatational structures including 9 silos and 26 hearths, had been dated to the Neolithic in the first phase. In the second phase, a team was able to establish a better defined chronological sequence based on the more recent studies (Molist et al, 2008). Datings by the AMS system of two bone silos (5360-5210 BC and 5310-5200 BC respectively) allowed identifying a first occupation by a Cardial Culture  ‏ settlement during the Neolithic while burials were dated to (4250 - 3700 BC, between the Neolithic and Postcardial Middle Neolithic periods... The second phase of archaeological investigations at level II revealed remains attributable to the Bronze Age. Specifically, two different cultural backgrounds were distinguishable at this level. The oldest, dating to the Bronze Age, was represented by eight fireplaces and five storage structures, one of which was used as a secondary burial site, i.e., the individual remains were not arranged in a deliberate manner. They also found accumulations of stones, some of which were laid in alignment including right angles and identified as the remains of dwelling structures. The Late Bronze level III was represented by indeterminate indications of domiciles... The third chronological phase was represented by the use of the area as a Roman necropolis. In a plotted field of about 100 m² were found a total of 34 burial tombs, of which thirty were primary and four secondary, dating to between the 4th and the 6th centuries.
↑  MM Montaña؛ OV Campos؛ R Farré (2008). "Study of the Neolithic Excavation Site of the Sant Pau del Camp Barracks". Quarhis. ج. II ع. 4: 3. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2022-03-28. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2016-05-02. The study of stratum IV of the site of the Sant Pau del Camp barracks allows for the documentation of a settlement occupied during the Ancient Neolithic Age on the coastal plain of the Barcelona metropolitan area, in the Raval zone of the city of Barcelona. Interdisciplinary studies have analysed the archaeological register documented at the excavation at the beginning of the 1990s and these have allowed for the definition of the chronology of the settlement and its characteristics... The results confirm the existence of a settlement in the Ancient Neolithic Age that, during its final moments (Postcardial), extended its functions as a necropolis.
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↑  Bury 1913, p. 185
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↑  Antonio Arjona Castro (1982). Anales de Córdoba musulmana, 711-1008. Monte de Piedad y Caja de Ahorros de Córdoba. ص. 239.
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↑  Steven Mock (29 ديسمبر 2011). Symbols of Defeat in the Construction of National Identity. Cambridge University Press. ص. 274. ISBN:978-1-139-50352-5. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2021-03-08.
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↑  Ngiste Abebe؛ Mary Trina Bolton؛ Maggie Pavelka؛ Morgan Pierstorff (19 نوفمبر 2013). Bidding for Development: How the Olympic Bid Process Can Accelerate Transportation Development. Springer. ص. 3. ISBN:978-1-4614-8912-2. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2016-06-10.
↑  The proportion of the population born outside of Spain rose from 3.9% in 2001 to 13.9% in 2006. "Archived copy" (PDF). مؤرشف من الأصل (PDF) في 2012-02-20. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2010-06-26.{{استشهاد ويب}}:  صيانة الاستشهاد: الأرشيف كعنوان (link)