نوبيون
مصادر ومراجع

1 2  Roman (1996). Nubians in Egypt and Sudan: Constraints and Coping Strategies (بالإنجليزية). Verlag für Entwicklungspolitik Saarbrücken. ISBN:978-3-88156-678-0. Archived from the original on 2020-07-08.
↑  Reinisch، Leo (1879). Die Nuba-Sprache. Wien: Wilhelm Braumüller.
↑  Charles Keith Maisels (1993). The Near East: Archaeology in the "Cradle of Civilization. Routledge. (ردمك 0-415-04742-0).
↑  "Egypt – People | Britannica". www.britannica.com (بالإنجليزية). Archived from the original on 2024-09-26. Retrieved 2022-09-07.
↑  "Sudan | History, Map, Area, Population, Religion, & Facts | Britannica". www.britannica.com (بالإنجليزية). Archived from the original on 2024-09-25. Retrieved 2022-09-07.
↑  "Ancient Sudan~ Nubia: Burials: Prehistory". ancientsudan.org. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2008-09-06.{{استشهاد ويب}}:  صيانة الاستشهاد: مسار غير صالح (link)
1 2  "Nubia – ancient region, Africa". 16 يونيو 2023. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2024-09-25.
↑  Brier، Bob؛ Hobbs، A. Hoyt (2008). Daily Life of the Ancient Egyptians. Greenwood Publishing Group. ص. 249. ISBN:978-0-313-35306-2. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2023-11-07.
↑  "52 Years After Displacement, Scars Of Loss Remain For Nubians". Egypt Today. 25 أكتوبر 2016. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2024-09-17. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2020-07-18.
↑  "For Egypt's Nubians, years of patience wear thin and anger rises". Reuters. 17 نوفمبر 2015. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2023-11-01. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2020-07-18.
↑  "جماعات النوبة.. اعتزال الآخر وانصهار مع الذات". aljazeera.net. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2023-10-31. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2020-07-18.
↑  Sesana, Renato Kizito; Borruso, Silvano (2006). I Am a Nuba (بالإنجليزية). Paulines Publications Africa. p. 26. ISBN:978-9966-081-79-7. Archived from the original on 2023-11-07.
↑  Lobban Jr.، Richard A. (2003). Historical Dictionary of Ancient and Medieval Nubia. Scarecrow Press. ص. 214. ISBN:978-0-8108-6578-5. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2023-11-12.
↑  Bianchi، Robert Steven (2004). Daily Life Of The Nubians. Greenwood Publishing Group. ص. 2–3. ISBN:978-0-313-32501-4.
↑  Gatto، Maria C. "The Nubian Pastoral Culture as Link between Egypt and Africa: A View from the Archaeological Record". مؤرشف من الأصل في 2024-06-05.
↑  Wengrow, David; Dee, Michael; Foster, Sarah; Stevenson, Alice; Ramsey, Christopher Bronk (Mar 2014). "Cultural convergence in the Neolithic of the Nile Valley: a prehistoric perspective on Egypt's place in Africa". Antiquity (بالإنجليزية). 88 (339): 95–111. DOI:10.1017/S0003598X00050249. ISSN:0003-598X. S2CID:49229774.
↑  "When Mahalanobis D2 was used,the Naqadan and Badarian Predynastic samples exhibited more similarity to Nubian, Tigrean, and some more southern series than to some mid- to late Dynasticseries from northern Egypt (Mukherjee et al., 1955). The Badarian have been found to be very similar to a Kerma sample (Kushite Sudanese), using both the Penrose statistic (Nutter, 1958) and DFA of males alone (Keita,1990). Furthermore, Keita considered that Badarian males had a southern modal phenotype, and that together with a Naqada sample, they formed a southern Egyptian cluster as tropical variants together with a sample from Kerma". Zakrzewski, Sonia R. (Apr 2007). "Population continuity or population change: Formation of the ancient Egyptian state". American Journal of Physical Anthropology (بالإنجليزية). 132 (4): 501–509. DOI:10.1002/ajpa.20569. PMID:17295300. Archived from the original on 2022-10-16.
↑  Keita، S. O. Y. (2005). "Early Nile Valley Farmers From El-Badari: Aboriginals or "European" Agro-Nostratic Immigrants? Craniometric Affinities Considered With Other Data". Journal of Black Studies. ج. 36 ع. 2: 191–208. DOI:10.1177/0021934704265912. ISSN:0021-9347. JSTOR:40034328. S2CID:144482802.
↑  Godde، Kanya. "A biological perspective of the relationship between Egypt, Nubia, and the Near East during the Predynastic period". مؤرشف من الأصل في 2023-03-26. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2022-02-20.
↑  So, Keita; Aj, Boyce (2008). "Temporal variation in phenetic affinity of early Upper Egyptian male cranial series". Human Biology (بالإنجليزية). 80 (2): 141–159. DOI:10.3378/1534-6617(2008)80[141:TVIPAO]2.0.CO;2. ISSN:0018-7143. PMID:18720900. S2CID:25207756.
↑  Frank J.Yurco (1996). "The Origin and Development of Ancient Nile Valley Writing," in Egypt in Africa, Theodore Celenko (ed). Indianapolis, Ind.: Indianapolis Museum of Art. ص. 34–35. ISBN:0-936260-64-5.
↑  Ehret, Christopher (20 Jun 2023). Ancient Africa: A Global History, to 300 CE (بالإنجليزية). Princeton: Princeton University Press. pp. 83–86, 97, 167–169. ISBN:978-0-691-24409-9. Archived from the original on 2023-03-22. Retrieved 2023-03-20.
↑  Rilly C (2010). "Recent Research on Meroitic, the Ancient Language of Sudan" (PDF). مؤرشف من الأصل (PDF) في 2024-04-06.
↑  Rilly C (يناير 2016). "The Wadi Howar Diaspora and its role in the spread of East Sudanic languages from the fourth to the first millenia BCE". Faits de Langues. ج. 47: 151–163. DOI:10.1163/19589514-047-01-900000010. S2CID:134352296.
↑  "Meroe". موسوعة تاريخ العالم  ‏. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2024-07-15.{{استشهاد بموسوعة}}:  صيانة الاستشهاد: علامات ترقيم زائدة (link)
↑  Lobban، Richard (2004). Historical Dictionary of Ancient and Medieval Nubia. Scarecrow Press. ص. liii. ISBN:978-0-8108-4784-2.