حملة محمد علي باشا على السودان
مراجع

↑   كتاب رحلات بوركهارت في بلاد النوبة و السودان- جون لويس بوركهارت، ص60.
↑   كتاب رحلات بوركهارت في بلاد النوبة و السودان- جون لويس بوركهارت، ص214.
↑  Warren Isham;  George Duffield;  Warren Parsons Isham;  D Bethune Duffield;  Gilbert Hathaway (1858). Travels in the two hemispheres, or, Gleanings of a European tour. Doughty, Straw, University of Michigan. ص. 70–80.{{استشهاد بكتاب}}:  صيانة الاستشهاد: أسماء متعددة: قائمة المؤلفين (link)
↑  Samuel Shelburne Robison (1942). History of Naval Tactics from 1530 to 1930:The Evolution of Tactical Maxims. The U.S. Naval Institute. ص. 546.
↑  George Duffield, Divie Bethune Duffield, Gilbert Hathaway (1857). Magazine of Travel: A Work Devoted to Original Travels, in Various Countries, Both of the Old and the new. H. Barns, Tribune Office. ص. 79.{{استشهاد بكتاب}}:  صيانة الاستشهاد: أسماء متعددة: قائمة المؤلفين (link)
↑  William Stadiem (1991). Too Rich: The High Life and Tragic Death of King Farouk. Carroll & Graf Pub (New York). مؤرشف من الأصل في 2022-04-08.
1 2  Robert O. Collins,A History of Modern Sudan, Cambridge University Press, 2008 p.10
1 2  Timothy J. Stapleton, A Military History of Africa ABC-CLIO, 2013 vol.1 p.53
↑  P. M. Holt, M. W. Daly, A History of the Sudan: From the Coming of Islam to the Present Day, Routledge 2014 p.31
↑  Dodwell, Henry. The Founder of Modern Egypt: A Study of Muhammad ‘Ali. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1967. p. 51
1 2  P. M. Holt, M. W. Daly, A History of the Sudan: From the Coming of Islam to the Present Day, Routledge 2014 p.37
↑  Andrew James McGregor, A Military History of Modern Egypt: From the Ottoman Conquest to the Ramadan War, Greenwood Publishing Group, 2006 p.68
↑  Steven Serels, Starvation and the State: Famine, Slavery, and Power in Sudan, 1883–1956, Springer 2013
↑  موسوعة القبائل والأنساب في السودان- عون الشريف قاسم، ج6، ص2420.
↑  Andrew James McGregor, A Military History of Modern Egypt: From the Ottoman Conquest to the Ramadan War, Greenwood Publishing Group, 2006 p.71
↑  Andrew James McGregor, A Military History of Modern Egypt: From the Ottoman Conquest to the Ramadan War, Greenwood Publishing Group, 2006 p.72
↑  Timothy J. Stapleton, A Military History of Africa ABC-CLIO, 2013 vol.1 p.54
↑  Andrew James McGregor, A Military History of Modern Egypt: From the Ottoman Conquest to the Ramadan War, Greenwood Publishing Group, 2006 p.73
1 2  P. M. Holt, M. W. Daly, A History of the Sudan: From the Coming of Islam to the Present Day, Routledge 2014 p.38
↑  Robert O. Collins, A History of Modern Sudan, Cambridge University Press, 2008 p.12
↑  https://www.marxists.org/subject/arab-world/lutsky/ch07.htm accessed 3/1/2017 نسخة محفوظة 2018-07-16 على موقع واي باك مشين.
↑  John E. Flint, The Cambridge History of Africa, Volume 5, Cambridge University Press, 1977 p.31
↑  Andrew James McGregor, A Military History of Modern Egypt: From the Ottoman Conquest to the Ramadan War, Greenwood Publishing Group, 2006 p.74
1 2  P. M. Holt, M. W. Daly, A History of the Sudan: From the Coming of Islam to the Present Day, Routledge 2014 p.39
↑  Marc Lavergne (ed.), Le Soudan contemporain: de l'invasion turco-égyptienne à la rébellion africaine (1821-1989), Karthala Editions, 1989 pp.120-121
↑  Timothy J. Stapleton, A Military History of Africa ABC-CLIO, 2013 vol.1 p.55
↑  Henry Dodwell, The Founder of Modern Egypt: A Study of Muhammad 'Ali, Cambridge University Press, 1931 p.51
↑  Marc Lavergne (ed.), Le Soudan contemporain: de l'invasion turco-égyptienne à la rébellion africaine (1821-1989), Karthala Editions, 1989 pp.121-2
↑  Marc Lavergne (ed.), Le Soudan contemporain: de l'invasion turco-égyptienne à la rébellion africaine (1821-1989), Karthala Editions, 1989 pp.120-122
1 2  Henry Dodwell, The Founder of Modern Egypt: A Study of Muhammad 'Ali, Cambridge University Press, Jun 9, 1931 p.52
↑  P. M. Holt, M. W. Daly, A History of the Sudan: From the Coming of Islam to the Present Day, Routledge 2014 pp.40-41
↑  https://www.marxists.org/subject/arab-world/lutsky/ch07.htm accessed 4/1/2017 نسخة محفوظة 2018-07-16 على موقع واي باك مشين.
↑  Marc Lavergne (ed.), Le Soudan contemporain: de l'invasion turco-égyptienne à la rébellion africaine (1821-1989), Karthala Editions, 1989 pp.122
الشلال الثاني على النيل، بعدما جعله إسماعيل باشا قابلاً للملاحة، باستخدام المتفجرات.
محاربون من الشايقية بأسلحتهم، القرن التاسع عشر.
رسمة تمثل ملك سنار، تم رسمها بعد الحملة التركية 1821م.