خط رادكليف
مراجع

1 2 3  Read & Fisher, The Proudest Day 1998، صفحة 482
↑  Smitha, Independence section, para. 7.
↑  Read، Anthony؛ Fisher، David (1998). The Proudest Day: India's Long Road to Independence. New York: W. W. Norton & Company. ص. 483. ISBN:9780393045949. After briefly visiting Lahore and Calcutta to meet the members of the two commissions, Radcliffe settled into the Controller's House on the edge of the viceregal estate, avoiding contact with the viceroy as far as possible, to minimize any suspicions of influence and impropriety.
↑  Tan & Kudaisya 2000، صفحة 162–163.
↑  Ambedkar، Bhimrao Ramji (1941) [first published 1940]، Thoughts on Pakistan، Bombay: Thacker and company
↑  Sialkoti, Punjab Boundary Line Issue 2014، صفحة 73–76.
↑  Dhulipala, Creating a New Medina 2015، صفحات 124, 134, 142–144, 149: "Thoughts on Pakistan 'rocked Indian politics for a decade'."
↑  Sialkoti, Punjab Boundary Line Issue 2014، صفحة 82.
↑  Sialkoti, Punjab Boundary Line Issue 2014، صفحة 84–85.
↑  Sarila، Narendra Singh (2006). "Wavell Plays the Great game". The Shadow of the Great Game : The Untold Story of India's Partition. New York: Caroll and Graf Publishers. ص. 195. ISBN:9780786719129. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2022-03-17.
↑  Sialkoti, Punjab Boundary Line Issue 2014، صفحة 85–86.
↑  Datta, The Punjab Boundary Commission Award 1998، صفحة 858.
↑  Schofield, Kashmir in Conflict (2003, p. 35)
↑  Sialkoti, Punjab Boundary Line Issue 2014، صفحة 86.
↑  Sialkoti, Punjab Boundary Line Issue 2014، صفحات 87–89.
↑  Metcalf، Barbara D.؛ Metcalf، Thomas R. (2012)، A Concise History of Modern India (ط. Third)، Cambridge University Press، ص. 216–217، ISBN:978-1-139-53705-6، مؤرشف من الأصل في 2018-07-30، اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2018-07-29: "... the Congress leadership, above all Jawaharlal Nehru, [...] increasingly came to the conclusion that, under the Cabinet mission proposals, the centre would be too weak to achieve the goals of the Congress ..."
↑  Jalal، Ayesha (1994) [first published 1985]، The Sole Spokesman: Jinnah, the Muslim League and the Demand for Pakistan، Cambridge University Press، ص. 209–210، ISBN:978-0-521-45850-4: "Just when Jinnah was beginning to turn in the direction that he both wanted and needed to go, his own followers pressed him to stick rigidly to his earlier unbending stance which he had adopted while he was preparing for the time of bargaining in earnest."
↑  Sialkoti, Punjab Boundary Line Issue 2014، صفحات 94–95.
↑  Sialkoti, Punjab Boundary Line Issue 2014، صفحات 95–96.
↑  Fraser، T. G. (1984). Partition In Ireland India And Palestine: Theory And Practice. Palgrave Macmillan UK. ص. 123. ISBN:978-1-349-17610-6. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2018-07-30. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2018-05-07.
↑  Moore، Robin James. "Mountbatten, India, and the Commonwealth". Journal of Commonwealth & Comparative Politics. ج. 19 ع. 1: 4–53. Though Mountbatten thought the concept of Pakistan 'sheer madness', he became reconciled to it in the course of six interviews with Jinnah from 5 to 10 April. Jinnah, whom he described as a 'psychopathic case', remained obdurate in the face of his insistence that Pakistan involved the partition of Bengal and the Punjab.
↑  Sialkoti, Punjab Boundary Line Issue 2014، صفحات 98–99.
↑  Sialkoti, Punjab Boundary Line Issue 2014، صفحات 97–98.
↑  Sialkoti, Punjab Boundary Line Issue 2014، صفحات 108–109.
1 2 3  Frank Jacobs (3 يوليو 2012). "Peacocks at Sunset". Opinionator: Borderlines. The New York Times. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2012-07-14. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2012-07-15.
↑  Mansergy
1 2  Read & Fisher, The Proudest Day 1998، صفحة 483
↑  Read & Fisher, The Proudest Day 1998، صفحات 482–483
↑  Read & Fisher, The Proudest Day 1998، صفحة 418: "He wrote to then Prime Minister كليمنت أتلي, 'It makes all the difference to me to know that you propose to make a statement in the House, terminating the British 'Raj' on a definite and specified date; or earlier than this date, if the Indian Parties can agree a constitution and form a Government before this.'"
↑  "Minutes of the award meeting : Held on 16 August 1947". مؤرشف من الأصل في 2014-11-22. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2013-12-11.
1 2  Chester، Lucy (2009). Borders and Conflicts in South Asia: The Radcliffe Boundary Commission and the Partition of Punjab. Manchester: Manchester university Press. ISBN:9780719078996. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2018-07-30.
↑  Read & Fisher, The Proudest Day 1998، صفحة 482: "After the obligatory wrangles, with Jinnah playing for time by suggesting calling in the United Nations, which could have delayed things for months if not years, it was decided to set up two boundary commissions, each with an independent chairman and four High Court judges, two nominated by Congress and two by the League."
↑  Mishra, Exit Wounds 2007، para. 19: "Irrevocably enfeebled by the Second World War, the British belatedly realized that they had to leave the subcontinent, which had spiraled out of their control through the nineteen-forties. ... But in the British elections at the end of the war, the reactionaries unexpectedly lost to the Labour Party, and a new era in British politics began. As von Tunzelmann writes, 'By 1946, the subcontinent was a mess, with British civil and military officers desperate to leave, and a growing hostility to their presence among Indians.' ... The British could not now rely on brute force without imperiling their own sense of legitimacy. Besides, however much they 'preferred the illusion of imperial might to the admission of imperial failure,' as von Tunzelmann puts it, the country, deep in wartime debt, simply couldn’t afford to hold on to its increasingly unstable empire. Imperial disengagement appeared not just inevitable but urgent."
↑  Chester, The 1947 Partition 2002، "Boundary Commission Format and Procedure section", para. 5.
↑  Read & Fisher, The Proudest Day 1998، 483,&nbsppara. 1
↑  population?
↑  Read & Fisher, The Proudest Day 1998، صفحة 485
↑  Read & Fisher, The Proudest Day 1998، صفحات 484–485: "After the 3 June 1947 plan had been announced, the main Sikh organization, the Shiromani Akali Dal, had distributed a circular saying that 'Pakistan means total death to the Sikh Panth [community] and the Sikhs are determined on a free sovereign state with the [rivers] Chenab and the Jamna as its borders, and it calls on all Sikhs to fight for their ideal under the flag of the Dal.'"
↑  Read & Fisher, The Proudest Day 1998، صفحة 481
↑  Mishra, Exit Wounds 2007، para. 4
↑  Mishra, Exit Wounds 2007، para. 5
↑  Chester, The 1947 Partition 2002، "Methodology", para. 1.
↑  Read & Fisher, The Proudest Day 1998، صفحة 484: Years later, he told Leonard Mosley, "The heat is so appalling, that at noon it looks like the blackest night and feels like the mouth of hell. After a few days of it, I seriously began to wonder whether I would come out of it alive. I have thought ever since that the greatest achievement which I made as Chairman of the Boundary Commission was a physical one, in surviving."
↑  Read & Fisher, The Proudest Day 1998، صفحة .494
↑  Read & Fisher, The Proudest Day 1998، صفحة 490
↑  Singh، Kirpal (2006). "Introduction". Select Documents on Partition of Punjab - 1947: India and Pakistan: Punjab, Haryana and Himachal-India and Punjab-Pakistan. New Delhi: National Book Shop. ص. xxvi–xxvii. ISBN:9788171164455. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2022-04-04.
↑  French، Patrick (1998). Liberty or Death : India's Journey to Independence and Division. London: Flamingo. ص. 328–330. ISBN:9780006550457. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2022-04-04.
↑  Datta، Vishwa Nath (1998). "The Punjab Boundary Commission Award (12 August, 1947)". Proceedings of the Indian History Congress. ج. 59: 860. JSTOR:44147058. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2022-04-04 – عبر JSTOR. It seems that Radcliffe had wanted to compensate Pakistan for having given a small portion of Lahore District and most of Gurdaspur to India, but he changed his mind. Firozpur was an important cantonment area, the major military bastion south of the Sutlej, and a junction point where four railway lines and three high ways met to cross the barrage-cum-bridge towards Kasur and Lahore. Perhaps geographical and strategic considerations weighed with Radcliffe.
↑  Altaf، Muhammad (2021). "Colonial Hydraulic Infrastructure, Princely States, and the Partition of the Punjab" (PDF). Journal of the Punjab University Historical Society. ج. 34 ع. 2: 128–131.
↑  Mansergh، Nicolas (1983). "The Maharaja of Bikaner to Rear-Admiral Viscount Mountbatten of Burma: Telegram (10 August 1947)". Constitutional Relations between Britain and India: The Transfer of Power 1942-7. London: Her Majesty's Stationery Office. ج. XII. ص. 638, 645, 662. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2022-04-04.
↑  Sadullah، Mian Muhammad (1983). "Arguments of the Bikaner State". The Partition of the Punjab, 1947: A Compilation of Official Documents. Lahore: National Documentation Centre. ج. 2. ص. 202–210. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2022-04-04.
↑  Read & Fisher, The Proudest Day 1998، صفحات 487–488
1 2  Pervaiz I Cheema؛ Manuel Riemer (22 أغسطس 1990). Pakistan's Defence Policy 1947–58. Palgrave Macmillan UK. ص. 27–. ISBN:978-1-349-20942-2. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2018-07-30. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2017-06-29.
↑  Owen Bennett Jones (2003). Pakistan: Eye of the Storm. Yale University Press. ص. 60–. ISBN:978-0-300-10147-8. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2018-07-30. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2017-06-29.
↑  Khan، Ansar Hussain (1999). "The Truth of the Partition of the Punjab in August 1947: Statement by Christopher Beaumont". The Rediscovery of India: A New Subcontinent. Orient Longman. ص. 332. ISBN:9788125015956. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2022-04-08.
↑  Singh، Kirpal (2005). "Memorandum Submitted to the Punjab Boundary Commission by the Indian National Congress". Select Documents on Partition of Punjab - 1947: India and Pakistan: Punjab, Haryana and Himachal-India and Punjab-Pakistan. Delhi: National Book Shop. ص. 212. ISBN:9788171164455. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2022-03-17.
↑  "Narowal – Punjab Portal". مؤرشف من الأصل في 2011-10-01. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2011-06-28.
1 2  Tan & Kudaisya 2000، صفحة 91.
1 2 3  Schofield, Kashmir in Conflict 2003، صفحة 35.
↑  "Gurdāspur District – Imperial Gazetteer of India, v. 12, p. 395". مؤرشف من الأصل في 2008-04-08. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2008-04-25.
↑  Schofield, Kashmir in Conflict 2003، صفحة 38.
↑  Ahmed, Pakistan: The Garrison State 2013، pp. 65–66: "The final border was almost a ditto copy of Viceroy Lord Wavell's top secret Demarcation Plan of February 1946, which was an auxiliary to the Demarcation Plan of February 1946...".
↑  Schofield, Kashmir in Conflict 2003، صفحات 33–34.
↑  Ilahi، Shereen (2003). "The Radcliffe Boundary Commission and the Fate of Kashmir". India Review. ج. 2 ع. 1: 77–102. DOI:10.1080/714002326. ISSN:1473-6489. S2CID:153890196.
1 2  The Reminiscences of Sir Muhammad Zafrulla Khan by Columbia University، 2004، ص. 158، مؤرشف من الأصل في 2018-07-30، اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2017-07-20
↑  Zaidi، Z. H. (2001)، Pakistan Pangs of Birth, 15 August-30 September 1947، ص. 378–379، ISBN:9789698156091، اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2022-03-17
↑  Ziring، Lawrence (1997)، Pakistan in the Twentieth Century: A Political History، Karachi: Oxford University Press، ص. 62، ISBN:978-0-19-577816-8
1 2 3  The Reminiscences of Sir Muhammad Zafrulla Khan by Columbia University، 2004، ص. 155، مؤرشف من الأصل في 2018-07-30، اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2017-07-20
↑  Zaidi، Z. H. (2001)، Pakistan Pangs of Birth, 15 August-30 September 1947، ص. 380، ISBN:9789698156091، مؤرشف من الأصل في 2017-07-28، اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2017-07-20، The division of India is now finally and irrevocably effected. No doubt we feel that the carving out of this great independent Muslim State has suffered injustices. We have been squeezed in as much it was possible, and the latest blow that we have received was the award of the Boundary Commission. It is an unjust, incomprehensible and even perverse award.
↑  Muhammad Zafarullah Khan, Tahdith-i-Ni'mat، Pakistan Printing Press، 1982، ص. 515
↑  Mehr Chand Mahajan, Looking Back: The Autobiography Bombay، 1963، ص. 113، مؤرشف من الأصل في 2018-07-30، اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2017-07-21
↑  Sohail، Massarat (1991)، Partition and Anglo-Pakistan relations, 1947–51، Vanguard، ص. 76–77، ISBN:9789694020570
↑  Wolpert، Stanley (2009)، Shameful Flight: The Last Years of the British Empire in India، Oxford University Press, USA، ص. 167، ISBN:9780195393941، مؤرشف من الأصل في 2014-09-25، اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2017-09-18
↑  The Different Aspects of Islamic Culture (PDF)، 2016، ص. 355، مؤرشف (PDF) من الأصل في 2017-08-11، اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2017-05-09
↑  Author's Review, Eminent Churchillians
↑  Andrew Roberts (16 ديسمبر 2010). Eminent Churchillians. Orion. ص. 128–. ISBN:978-0-297-86527-8. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2018-07-30. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2017-09-18.
↑  Robert، Andrew (1994)، Eminent Chruchillians، مؤرشف من الأصل في 2011-01-22، اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2007-05-16
↑  Sher Muhammad Garewal, "Mountbatten and Kashmir Issue", Journal of Research Society of Pakistan, XXXIV (April 1997), pp.9–10
↑  Anderson، Perry (19 يوليو 2012)، "Why Partition?"، London Review of Books، ج. 34، مؤرشف من الأصل في 2017-07-21، اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2017-07-20
↑  Hodson، H. V. (1969)، The Great Divide: Britain, India, Pakistan، London: Hutchinson، ص. 355، ISBN:9780090971503
↑  Tinker، Hugh (أغسطس 1977)، "Pressure, Persuasion, Decision: Factors in the Partition of the Punjab, August 1947"، Journal of Asian Studies، ج. XXXVI، ص. 701، DOI:10.2307/2054436، JSTOR:2054436، S2CID:162322698
↑  Robert، Andrew (1994)، Eminent Churchillians، ص. 105
↑  Porter، A. E. (1933). "Census of India, 1931. Vol. V: Bengal and Sikkim. Part II: Tables" (PDF). Linguistic Survey of India. Calcutta: Central Publication Branch, Government of India. ص. 220–223. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2022-03-19.
↑  Khisha، Mukur K. (1998). All That Glisters. Minerva Press. ص. 49. ISBN:978-1861060525.
↑  Chakma، Deepak K. (2013). The Partition and The Chakmas. ص. 239.
↑  Talukdar، S. P. (1994). Chakmas: An Embattled Tribe. India: Uppal Publishing House. ص. 64. ISBN:978-818-556-5507.
↑  Balibar، Etienne. "Is there a "Neo-Racism"?". Calcutta Research group. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2007-09-28. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2007-09-05.
↑  Chakma، Dipak Kumar (2013). The Partition and the Chakmas. India: D. K. Chakma. ص. 42. ISBN:978-935-104-9272.
↑  Dutch، R. A. (1942). Census of India, 1941: Volume 4, Bengal (Tables) (Reports). Simla: Government of India Press. ج. 4. ص. 24–25. JSTOR:saoa.crl.28215987. OCLC:316711026. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2022-04-07.
↑  HISTORY AND SCOPE OF THE DISTRICT CENSUS HANDBOOK (PDF). ص. 7. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2016-12-23.
↑  "Nawabs' Murshidabad House lies in tatters". The Times of India. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2017-01-05. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2016-05-02.
↑  "Hindus & Muslims embrace each other as brothers". Amrita Bazaar Patrika. Dhaka. 19 أغسطس 1947. ص. 5. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2023-01-15. As per announcement of June 3 last Murshidabad has been placed in Eastern Pakistan Dominion. People of Berhampore to-day celebrated Independence Day in the absence of any decision made by the Boundary Commission by saluting the Pakistan State Flag.
↑  "Sylhet (Assam) to join East Pakistan". Keesing's Record of World Events. يوليو 1947. ص. 8722. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2013-12-04. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2014-06-02.
↑  "Table C-01 Population By Religion: Assam". census.gov.in. Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India. 2011.
↑  Johnny Harris and Christina Thornell (26 يونيو 2019). "How a border transformed a subcontinent: This line divided India and Pakistan". اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2019-07-26. A brief history of how the region was split in two.
↑  Ranjani Chakraborty, Danush Parvaneh, and Christina Thornell (22 مارس 2019). "How the British failed India and Pakistan: The history of two neighbors born at war — and the British strategy behind it". Vox. The two nations were born at war — which can be traced back to this British strategy.{{استشهاد ويب}}:  صيانة الاستشهاد: أسماء متعددة: قائمة المؤلفين (link)
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↑  "Watch: This Bloody Line, Ram Madhvani's short film on India-Pak divide". 18 مارس 2017. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2017-08-03. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2017-08-16.
↑  "Zehra Jumabhoy on the art of Zarina". www.artforum.com (بالإنجليزية الأمريكية). Sep 2019. Retrieved 2022-06-15.
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↑  Anzi, Achia (1 Jun 2021). "The ambivalence of borders: Map art through the lens of North-East Indian artists". Jindal Global Law Review (بالإنجليزية). 12 (1): 117–137. DOI:10.1007/s41020-021-00142-9. ISSN:2364-4869. S2CID:237916446.
↑  "75 Years Post-Partition: Artist Pritika Chowdhry on her Partition Anti-Memorial Project | COSAS". southernasia.uchicago.edu. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2022-06-15.