المجموعة الفردانية C2
مراجع

↑  ISOGG, 2015 "Y-DNA Haplogroup C and its Subclades – 2015" (15 September 2015). نسخة محفوظة 2024-03-14 على موقع واي باك مشين.
1 2 3 4 5  Hammer MF، Karafet TM، Park H، وآخرون (2006). "Dual origins of the Japanese: common ground for hunter-gatherer and farmer Y chromosomes". J. Hum. Genet. ج. 51 ع. 1: 47–58. DOI:10.1007/s10038-005-0322-0. PMID:16328082.
1 2  Malyarchuk B، Derenko M، Denisova G، وآخرون (2010). "Phylogeography of the Y-chromosome haplogroup C in northern Eurasia". Annals of Human Genetics. ج. 74 ع. 6: 539–546. DOI:10.1111/j.1469-1809.2010.00601.x. PMID:20726964. S2CID:40763875.
↑  https://www.medgen-journal.ru/jour/article/view/2212/0?locale=en_US The structure of the gene pool of Tomsk Tatars according to Y-chromosome markers نسخة محفوظة 2024-02-06 على موقع واي باك مشين.
↑  Boris Malyarchuk, Miroslava Derenko, Galina Denisova, Sanj Khoyt, Marcin Wozniak,
Tomasz Grzybowski, and Ilya Zakharov, "Y-chromosome diversity in the Kalmyks at the ethnical and tribal levels." Journal of Human Genetics (2013) 58, 804–811; doi:10.1038/jhg.2013.108; published online 17 October 2013.
↑  Natalia Balinova, Helen Post, Alena Kushniarevich, Siiri Rootsi, et al. (2019), "Y-chromosomal analysis of clan structure of Kalmyks, the only European Mongol people, and their relationship to Oirat-Mongols of Inner Asia." European Journal of Human Genetics. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41431-019-0399-0 نسخة محفوظة 2024-04-21 على موقع واي باك مشين.
↑  Di Cristofaro J، Pennarun E، Mazières S، Myres NM، Lin AA، وآخرون (2013). "Afghan Hindu Kush: Where Eurasian Sub-Continent Gene Flows Converge". PLOS ONE. ج. 8 ع. 10: e76748. Bibcode:2013PLoSO...876748D. DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0076748. PMC:3799995. PMID:24204668.
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↑  Pille Hallast, Chiara Batini, Daniel Zadik, et al., "The Y-Chromosome Tree Bursts into Leaf: 13,000 High-Confidence SNPs Covering the Majority of Known Clades." Molecular Biology and Evolution doi:10.1093/molbev/msu327 Advance Access publication 2 December 2014.
↑  Gayden T، Cadenas AM، Regueiro M، وآخرون (مايو 2007). "The Himalayas as a directional barrier to gene flow". Am. J. Hum. Genet. ج. 80 ع. 5: 884–94. DOI:10.1086/516757. PMC:1852741. PMID:17436243. 2/77=2.6% C-M217 in a sample of the general population of Kathmandu.
↑  Fornarino S، Pala M، Battaglia V، وآخرون (2009). "Mitochondrial and Y-chromosome diversity of the Tharus (Nepal): a reservoir of genetic variation". BMC Evol. Biol. ج. 9 ع. 1: 154. Bibcode:2009BMCEE...9..154F. DOI:10.1186/1471-2148-9-154. PMC:2720951. PMID:19573232. 1/26=3.8% C-M217 in a sample of Hindu Indians from the Terai.
↑  Kivisild T، Rootsi S، Metspalu M، وآخرون (فبراير 2003). "The genetic heritage of the earliest settlers persists both in Indian tribal and caste populations". Am. J. Hum. Genet. ج. 72 ع. 2: 313–32. DOI:10.1086/346068. PMC:379225. PMID:12536373. C-M217 in 1/31=3.2% of a sample from West Bengal.
↑  Bayazit Yunusbayev, Mait Metspalu, Mari Järve, et al. (2012), "The Caucasus as an Asymmetric Semipermeable Barrier to Ancient Human Migrations." Molecular Biology and Evolution 29(1):359–365. doi:10.1093/molbev/msr221 Advance Access publication 13 September 2011.
↑  Malyarchuk B، Derenko M، Denisova G، وآخرون (2010). "Phylogeography of the Y-chromosome haplogroup C in northern Eurasia". Annals of Human Genetics. ج. 74 ع. 6: 539–546. DOI:10.1111/j.1469-1809.2010.00601.x. PMID:20726964. S2CID:40763875.Malyarchuk B, Derenko M, Denisova G, et al. (2010). "Phylogeography of the Y-chromosome haplogroup C in northern Eurasia". Annals of Human Genetics. 74 (6): 539–546. doi:10.1111/j.1469-1809.2010.00601.x. PMID 20726964. S2CID 40763875.
↑  Y-Chromosome Diversity in Modern Bulgarians: New Clues about Their Ancestry, Karachanak S, Grugni V, Fornarino S, Nesheva D, Al-Zahery N, et al. (2013) Retrieved Oct 2013. نسخة محفوظة 2024-02-05 على موقع واي باك مشين.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24  Zhong، Hua؛ Shi، Hong؛ Xue-، XB؛ Qi، Bin؛ Jin، L؛ Ma، RZ؛ Su، B (2010). "Global distribution of Y-chromosome haplogroup C reveals the prehistoric migration routes of African exodus and early settlement in East Asia". Journal of Human Genetics. ج. 55 ع. 7: 428–35. DOI:10.1038/jhg.2010.40. PMID:20448651.
1 2 3  Zhong H، Shi H، Qi XB، Duan ZY، Tan PP، Jin L، Su B، Ma RZ (يناير 2011). "Extended Y Chromosome Investigation Suggests Postglacial Migrations of Modern Humans into East Asia via the Northern Route". Molecular Biology and Evolution. ج. 28 ع. 1: 717–727. DOI:10.1093/molbev/msq247. PMID:20837606.
1 2  Kim SH، Kim KC، Shin DJ، وآخرون (2011). "High frequencies of Y-chromosome haplogroup O2b-SRY465 lineages in Korea: a genetic perspective on the peopling of Korea". Investig Genet. ج. 2 ع. 1: 10. DOI:10.1186/2041-2223-2-10. PMC:3087676. PMID:21463511.
1 2 3 4 5  Xue Y، Zerjal T، Bao W، وآخرون (أبريل 2006). "Male demography in East Asia: a north-south contrast in human population expansion times". Genetics. ج. 172 ع. 4: 2431–9. DOI:10.1534/genetics.105.054270. PMC:1456369. PMID:16489223. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2023-09-21.
↑  Hammer MF، Karafet TM، Park H، وآخرون (2006). "Dual origins of the Japanese: common ground for hunter-gatherer and farmer Y chromosomes". J. Hum. Genet. ج. 51 ع. 1: 47–58. DOI:10.1007/s10038-005-0322-0. PMID:16328082.Hammer MF, Karafet TM, Park H, et al. (2006). "Dual origins of the Japanese: common ground for hunter-gatherer and farmer Y chromosomes". J. Hum. Genet. 51 (1): 47–58. doi:10.1007/s10038-005-0322-0. PMID 16328082.
↑  Zhong، Hua؛ Shi، Hong؛ Xue-، XB؛ Qi، Bin؛ Jin، L؛ Ma، RZ؛ Su، B (2010). "Global distribution of Y-chromosome haplogroup C reveals the prehistoric migration routes of African exodus and early settlement in East Asia". Journal of Human Genetics. ج. 55 ع. 7: 428–35. DOI:10.1038/jhg.2010.40. PMID:20448651.Zhong, Hua; Shi, Hong; Xue-, XB; Qi, Bin; Jin, L; Ma, RZ; Su, B (2010). "Global distribution of Y-chromosome haplogroup C reveals the prehistoric migration routes of African exodus and early settlement in East Asia". Journal of Human Genetics. 55 (7): 428–35. doi:10.1038/jhg.2010.40. PMID 20448651.
1 2  Karafet، Tatiana M.؛ Hallmark، Brian؛ Cox، Murray P.؛ وآخرون (2010). "Major East–West Division Underlies Y Chromosome Stratification across Indonesia". Mol. Biol. Evol. ج. 27 ع. 8: 1833–1844. DOI:10.1093/molbev/msq063. PMID:20207712.
1 2  Gayden T، Cadenas AM، Regueiro M، وآخرون (مايو 2007). "The Himalayas as a directional barrier to gene flow". Am. J. Hum. Genet. ج. 80 ع. 5: 884–94. DOI:10.1086/516757. PMC:1852741. PMID:17436243.Gayden T, Cadenas AM, Regueiro M, et al. (May 2007). "The Himalayas as a directional barrier to gene flow". Am. J. Hum. Genet. 80 (5): 884–94. doi:10.1086/516757. PMC 1852741. PMID 17436243. 2/77=2.6% C-M217 in a sample of the general population of Kathmandu.
1 2  Kim SH، Kim KC، Shin DJ، وآخرون (2011). "High frequencies of Y-chromosome haplogroup O2b-SRY465 lineages in Korea: a genetic perspective on the peopling of Korea". Investig Genet. ج. 2 ع. 1: 10. DOI:10.1186/2041-2223-2-10. PMC:3087676. PMID:21463511.Kim SH, Kim KC, Shin DJ, et al. (2011). "High frequencies of Y-chromosome haplogroup O2b-SRY465 lineages in Korea: a genetic perspective on the peopling of Korea". Investig Genet. 2 (1): 10. doi:10.1186/2041-2223-2-10. PMC 3087676. PMID 21463511.
↑  Kayser M، Brauer S، Cordaux R، Casto A، Lao O، Zhivotovsky LA، Moyse-Faurie C، Rutledge RB، Schiefenhoevel W، Gil D، Lin AA، Underhill PA، Oefner PJ، Trent RJ، Stoneking M (2006). "Melanesian and Asian Origins of Polynesians: mtDNA and Y Chromosome Gradients Across the Pacific". Molecular Biology and Evolution. ج. 23 ع. 11: 2234–2244. DOI:10.1093/molbev/msl093. hdl:11858/00-001M-0000-0010-0145-0. PMID:16923821.
1 2  Trejaut JA، Poloni ES، Yen JC، وآخرون (2014). "Taiwan Y-chromosomal DNA variation and its relationship with Island Southeast Asia". BMC Genetics. ج. 15: 77. DOI:10.1186/1471-2156-15-77. PMC:4083334. PMID:24965575.
1 2  Karafet، Tatiana M.؛ Hallmark، Brian؛ Cox، Murray P.؛ وآخرون (2010). "Major East–West Division Underlies Y Chromosome Stratification across Indonesia". Mol. Biol. Evol. ج. 27 ع. 8: 1833–1844. DOI:10.1093/molbev/msq063. PMID:20207712.Karafet, Tatiana M.; Hallmark, Brian; Cox, Murray P.; et al. (2010). "Major East–West Division Underlies Y Chromosome Stratification across Indonesia". Mol. Biol. Evol. 27 (8): 1833–1844. doi:10.1093/molbev/msq063. PMID 20207712.
↑  Poznik GD، Xue Y، Mendez FL، وآخرون (يونيو 2016). "Punctuated bursts in human male demography inferred from 1,244 worldwide Y-chromosome sequences". Nature Genetics. ج. 48 ع. 6: 593–599. DOI:10.1038/ng.3559. PMC:4884158. PMID:27111036.
↑  Cai X، Qin Z، Wen B، Xu S، Wang Y، وآخرون (2011). "Human Migration through Bottlenecks from Southeast Asia into East Asia during Last Glacial Maximum Revealed by Y Chromosomes". PLOS ONE. ج. 6 ع. 8: e24282. Bibcode:2011PLoSO...624282C. DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0024282. PMC:3164178. PMID:21904623.
↑  Enrico Macholdt, Leonardo Arias, Nguyen Thuy Duong, et al., "The paternal and maternal genetic history of Vietnamese populations." European Journal of Human Genetics (2020) 28:636–645. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41431-019-0557-4 نسخة محفوظة 2023-06-03 على موقع واي باك مشين.
↑  Peng MS، He JD، Fan L، Liu J، Adeola AC، Wu SF، وآخرون (أغسطس 2014). "Retrieving Y chromosomal haplogroup trees using GWAS data". European Journal of Human Genetics. ج. 22 ع. 8: 1046–50. DOI:10.1038/ejhg.2013.272. PMC:4350590. PMID:24281365.
↑  Kayser M، Brauer S، Cordaux R، Casto A، Lao O، Zhivotovsky LA، Moyse-Faurie C، Rutledge RB، Schiefenhoevel W، Gil D، Lin AA، Underhill PA، Oefner PJ، Trent RJ، Stoneking M (2006). "Melanesian and Asian Origins of Polynesians: mtDNA and Y Chromosome Gradients Across the Pacific". Molecular Biology and Evolution. ج. 23 ع. 11: 2234–2244. DOI:10.1093/molbev/msl093. hdl:11858/00-001M-0000-0010-0145-0. PMID:16923821.Kayser M, Brauer S, Cordaux R, Casto A, Lao O, Zhivotovsky LA, Moyse-Faurie C, Rutledge RB, Schiefenhoevel W, Gil D, Lin AA, Underhill PA, Oefner PJ, Trent RJ, Stoneking M (2006). "Melanesian and Asian Origins of Polynesians: mtDNA and Y Chromosome Gradients Across the Pacific". Molecular Biology and Evolution. 23 (11): 2234–2244. doi:10.1093/molbev/msl093. hdl:11858/00-001M-0000-0010-0145-0. PMID 16923821.
↑  Trejaut JA، Poloni ES، Yen JC، وآخرون (2014). "Taiwan Y-chromosomal DNA variation and its relationship with Island Southeast Asia". BMC Genetics. ج. 15: 77. DOI:10.1186/1471-2156-15-77. PMC:4083334. PMID:24965575.Trejaut JA, Poloni ES, Yen JC, et al. (2014). "Taiwan Y-chromosomal DNA variation and its relationship with Island Southeast Asia". BMC Genetics. 15: 77. doi:10.1186/1471-2156-15-77. PMC 4083334. PMID 24965575.
1 2  Bing Su, Li Jin, Peter Underhill, Jeremy Martinson, Nilmani Saha, Stephen T. McGarvey, Mark D. Shriver, Jiayou Chu, Peter Oefner, Ranajit Chakraborty, and Ranjan Deka, "Polynesian origins: Insights from the Y chromosome." PNAS (18 July 2000), vol. 97, no. 15, 8225–8228.
↑  Brunelli A، Kampuansai J، Seielstad M، Lomthaisong K، Kangwanpong D، Ghirotto S، وآخرون (2017). "Y chromosomal evidence on the origin of northern Thai people". PLOS ONE. ج. 12 ع. 7: e0181935. Bibcode:2017PLoSO..1281935B. DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0181935. PMC:5524406. PMID:28742125.