سبط أفرايم
مراجع

↑  For the etymology, see Robert D. Miller (2000). David Noel Freedman؛ Allen C. Myers؛ Allen C. Beck (المحررون). "Ephraim," Eerdmans Dictionary of the Bible. W.B. Eerdmans. ص. 416. ISBN:978-0-8028-2400-4. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2021-02-02.
↑  Alan David Crown؛ Reinhard Plummer؛ Abraham Tal، المحررون (1993). A Companion to Samaritan Studies. Mohr Siebeck. ص. 85. ISBN:978-3-16-145666-4. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2022-11-10.
↑  McConville، Gordon؛ Williams، Stephen (2010). Joshua. Eerdmans. ISBN:978-0-8028-2702-9. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2023-03-26.
↑  Lester L. Grabbe (1 يناير 2000). "Writing Israel's History at the End of the Twentieth Century". International Organization for the Study of the Old Testament: Congress Volume Oslo 1998. Supplements to Vetus testamentum. BRILL. ص. 210. ISBN:978-90-04-11598-9. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2017-01-15.
↑  On both datings, see Finkelstein، Israel (2013). The Forgotten Kingdom: the archaeology and history of Northern Israel (PDF). Atlanta: Society of Biblical Literature. ص. 51. ISBN:978-1-58983-911-3. مؤرشف من الأصل (PDF) في 2024-05-12.
↑  Finkelstein، Israel (2013). The Forgotten Kingdom: the archaeology and history of Northern Israel (PDF). Atlanta: Society of Biblical Literature. ص. 51. ISBN:978-1-58983-911-3. مؤرشف من الأصل (PDF) في 2024-05-12.
↑  On the date of Jeroboam I, seeFinkelstein، Israel (2013). The Forgotten Kingdom: the archaeology and history of Northern Israel (PDF). Atlanta: Society of Biblical Literature. ص. 64. ISBN:978-1-58983-911-3. مؤرشف من الأصل (PDF) في 2024-05-12.
↑  Kitchen, Kenneth A. (2003), "On the Reliability of the Old Testament" (Grand Rapids, Michigan. William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company)((ردمك 0-8028-4960-1))
↑  "Besides the rejection of the Albrightian ‘conquest' model, the general consensus among OT scholars is that the Book of Joshua has no value in the historical reconstruction. They see the book as an ideological retrojection from a later period — either as early as the reign of Josiah or as late as the Hasmonean period." K. Lawson Younger Jr. (1 أكتوبر 2004). "Early Israel in Recent Biblical Scholarship". في David W. Baker؛ Bill T. Arnold (المحررون). The Face of Old Testament Studies: A Survey of Contemporary Approaches. Baker Academic. ص. 200. ISBN:978-0-8010-2871-7.
↑  "It behooves us to ask, in spite of the fact that the overwhelming consensus of modern scholarship is that Joshua is a pious fiction composed by the deuteronomistic school, how does and how has the Jewish community dealt with these foundational narratives, saturated as they are with acts of violence against others?" Carl S. Ehrlich (1999). "Joshua, Judaism and Genocide". Jewish Studies at the Turn of the Twentieth Century, Volume 1: Biblical, Rabbinical, and Medieval Studies. BRILL. ص. 117. ISBN:978-90-04-11554-5.
↑  "Recent decades, for example, have seen a remarkable reevaluation of evidence concerning the conquest of the land of Canaan by Joshua. As more sites have been excavated, there has been a growing consensus that the main story of Joshua, that of a speedy and complete conquest (e.g. Josh. 11.23: 'Thus Joshua conquered the whole country, just as the Lord had promised Moses') is contradicted by the archaeological record, though there are indications of some destruction and conquest at the appropriate time.Adele Berlin؛ Marc Zvi Brettler (17 أكتوبر 2014). The Jewish Study Bible: Second Edition. Oxford University Press. ص. 951. ISBN:978-0-19-939387-9. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2023-02-13.
1 2 3 4 5 6  Jewish Encyclopedia - EPHRAIM. By: Emil G. Hirsch, Eduard König, Solomon Schechter, Isaac Broydé نسخة محفوظة 2024-05-14 على موقع واي باك مشين.
↑  Carta's Official Guide to Israel, Jerusalem 1983, p. 99. Beitin, identified as Bethel, is now an Arab village 4 km. NE of Ramallah. Burj Beitin, the ruins of its ancient settlement, lay within the boundaries of بيتين village.
↑  Charles Clermont-Ganneau, Archaeological Researches in Palestine during the Years 1873-1874, vol. II, London 1896, p. 275 (Translated from the original French by John MacFarlane)
↑  The Itinerary of Benjamin of Tudela, (ed. Marcus Nathan Adler), Oxford University Press, London 1907, p. 27
↑  Israel Finkelstein, The Bible Unearthed
↑  ‘Lost tribe of Israel’ found in southern India, Canadian Jewish News, 7 October 2010 نسخة محفوظة 2024-04-29 على موقع واي باك مشين.
↑  McConkie, Bruce R., The Millennial Messiah, 1982, Chapter 16.
بوابة الإنجيل
بوابة اليهودية
| ضبط استنادي  | ضبط استنادي  |
| --- | --- |
دولية:  ملف الضبط الاستنادي الافتراضي الدَّولي (VIAF) 
وطنية:  الملف الاستنادي المتكامِل (GND)  المكتبة القومية الإسرائيلية (J9U)  مكتبة الكونغرس (LCNAF)