الحقبة العامة
مراجع

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Irvin، Dale T.؛ Sunquist, Scott (2001). History of the World Christian Movement. Continuum International Publishing Group. ص. xi. ISBN:0-567-08866-9. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2020-03-14. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2011-05-18. The influence of western culture and scholarship upon the rest of the world in turn led to this system of dating becoming the most widely used one across the globe today. Many scholars in historical and religious studies in the West in recent years have sought to lessen the explicitly Christian meaning of this system without abandoning the usefulness of a single, common, global form of dating. For this reason the terms common era and before the common era, abbreviated as CE and BCE, have grown in popularity as designations. The terms are meant, in deference to non-Christians, to soften the explicit theological claims made by the older Latin terminology, while at the same time providing continuity with earlier generations of mostly western Christian historical research.
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Corrywright, Dominic؛ Morgan, Peggy (2006). Get Set for Religious Studies. Edinburgh University Press. ص. 18. ISBN:978-0-7486-2032-6. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2020-02-27. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2011-05-18. Also note where AD (from the Latin 'in the year of our Lord') and BC (before Christ) are used in datings, for although the numerical calculation of this system is now the international convention, the terminology used in religious studies is CE (common era) and BCE (before the common era), which are more neutrally descriptive terms
↑  Andrew Herrmann (27 مايو 2006). "BCE date designation called more sensitive". Chicago Sun-Times. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2008-10-03. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2011-05-18. Herrmann observes, "The changes – showing up at museums, in academic circles and in school textbooks – have been touted as more sensitive to people of faiths outside of Christianity." However, Herrmann notes, "The use of BCE and CE have rankled some Christians" {{استشهاد بخبر}}: |archive-date= / |archive-url= timestamp mismatch (مساعدة)
↑  Anno Domini (which means in the year of the/our Lord)"Anno Domini". Merriam Webster Online Dictionary. Merriam-Webster. 2003. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2019-04-19. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2011-05-18. Etymology: Medieval Latin, in the year of the Lord Translated as "in the year of (Our) Lord" in Blackburn, B & Holford-Strevens, L, (2003), The Oxford Companion to the Year, Oxford University Press, 782.
↑  "Historical background of the use of "CE" and "BCE" to identify dates". Ontario Consultants on Religious Tolerance. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2017-01-07. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2011-05-18. According to David Barrett et al., editors of the "World Christian Encyclopedia: A comparative survey of churches and religions – AD 30 to 2200", there are 19 major world religions which are subdivided into a total of 270 large religious groups, and many smaller ones. The vast majority do not recognize Yeshua of Nazareth as either God or Messiah. Expecting followers of other religions to imply this status for Yeshua can create ill feeling.
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Heustis، Reer R, Jr. (9 سبتمبر 2007). "Common Era and the culture war". RenewAmerica. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2013-02-21. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2011-05-18. referred to as Year of our Lord, which is an unmistakable reference to the Lord Jesus Christ....Not every person believes that Jesus is the Lord, they argue, and therefore, he should not have to acknowledge Christ's Lordship...Make no mistake about it: Jesus Christ is not only the Lord of Christians – He is also the Lord of all.{{استشهاد ويب}}:  صيانة الاستشهاد: أسماء متعددة: قائمة المؤلفين (link)
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McKim، Donald K (1996). Common Era entry. ISBN:978-0-664-25511-4. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2016-05-18. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2011-05-18. {{استشهاد بكتاب}}: |عمل= تُجوهل (مساعدة)
↑  Pedersen, O., (1983), "The Ecclesiastical Calendar and the Life of the Church" in Coyne, G.V. et al. (Eds.) The Gregorian Reform of the Calendar, Vatican Observatory, p. 52. نسخة محفوظة 18 نوفمبر 2016 على موقع واي باك مشين.
↑  Bromiley، Geoffrey W. (1995). The International Standard Bible Encyclopedia. Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing. ISBN:978-0-8028-3781-3. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2020-02-27. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2011-05-18.
↑  Doggett, L.E., (1992), "Calendars" in Seidelmann, P.K., The Explanatory Supplement to the Astronomical Almanac, Sausalito CA: University Science Books, 2.1 نسخة محفوظة 8 ديسمبر 2019 على موقع واي باك مشين.
↑  Bede wrote of the Incarnation of Jesus, but treated it as synonymous with birth. Blackburn, B & Holford-Strevens, L, (2003), The Oxford Companion to the Year, Oxford University Press, 778.
↑  BBC Team (8 فبراير 2005). "History of Judaism 63 BCE – 1086 CE". BBC Religion & Ethics. British Broadcasting Corporation. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2019-07-16. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2016-04-20.
↑  Raphall, Morris Jacob (1856). Post-Biblical History of The Jews. Retrieved from https://books.google.com/books?id=r7CbDH5hTe8C&printsec=frontcover&dq=CE+BCE. نسخة محفوظة 2020-07-26 على موقع واي باك مشين.
↑  "Plymouth, England Tombstone inscriptions". Jewish Communities & Records. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2018-11-01. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2011-05-18. Here is buried his honour Judah ben his honour Joseph, a prince and honoured amongst philanthropists, who executed good deeds, died in his house in the City of Bath, Tuesday, and was buried here on Sunday, 19 Sivan in the year 5585. In memory of Lyon Joseph Esq (merchant of Falmouth, Cornwall). who died at Bath June AM 5585/VE 1825. Beloved and respected.[19 Sivan 5585 AM is June 5, 1825. VE is likely an abbreviation for Vulgar Era.]
↑  Tracey R Rich. "Judaism 101". مؤرشف من الأصل في 2020-02-10. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2011-05-18. Jews do not generally use the words "A.D." and "B.C." to refer to the years on the Gregorian calendar. "A.D." means "the year of our أسماء الله في اليهودية," and we do not believe Jesus is the L-rd. Instead, we use the abbreviations C.E. (Common or Christian Era) and B.C.E. (Before the Common Era).
↑  "Maryland Church News Submission Guide & Style Manual" (PDF). Maryland Church News. 1 أبريل 2005. مؤرشف من الأصل (PDF) في 2006-06-20. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2011-05-18.
1 2  See, for example, the Society for Historical Archaeology states in its more recent style guide "Do not use C.E. (common era), B.P. (before present), or B.C.E.; convert these expressions to A.D. and B.C." (In section I 5 the Society explains how to use "years B.P." in connection with تأريخ بالكربون المشع.) Society for Historical Archaeology (ديسمبر 2006). "Style Guide" (PDF). مؤرشف (PDF) من الأصل في 2016-04-19. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2017-01-16. whereas the الرابطة الأمريكية للأنثروبولوجيا style guide takes a different approach calling for "C.E." and "B.C.E." American Anthropological Society (2009). "AAA Style Guide". ص. 3. مؤرشف من الأصل (PDF) في 2015-10-09. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2015-05-26.
↑  "AP: World History". مؤرشف من الأصل في 2011-05-05. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2011-05-18.
↑  "Jerusalem Timeline". History Channel. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2011-05-20. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2011-05-18.;"Jerusalem: Biographies". History Channel. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2011-05-20. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2011-05-18.
↑  "BBC News style guide". BBC. BBC. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2019-11-17. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2019-10-11.
↑  Stonehenge glossary, "BC and AD" English Heritage نسخة محفوظة 14 يوليو 2019 على موقع واي باك مشين.
↑  "National Trust tells properties to stop dropping BC and AD out of fear it might offend non-Christians", ديلي تلغراف, by Henry Bodkin, 12 November, 2018 نسخة محفوظة 4 أغسطس 2019 على موقع واي باك مشين.
↑  "AD and BC become CE/BCE". 9 فبراير 2002. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2011-12-20. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2012-02-05.
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