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↑  “The rates of profit prevailing in the different branches of production are… originally very different. These different rates of profit are balanced out by competition to give a general rate of profit which is the average of all these different rates. The profit that falls to a capital of given size according to this general rate of profit, whatever its organic composition might be, we call the average profit. That price of a commodity which is equal to its cost price, plus the part of the annual average profit on the capital applied in its production (not simply the capital consumed in its production) that falls to its share according to its conditions of turnover, is its price of production.” – Karl Marx, رأس المال: المجلد الثالث, Penguin 1981, pp. 257-258.
↑  Ronald L. Meek, Studies in the Labour Theory of Value. New York: Monthly Review Press, 1975, 2nd. edition, pp. 199-200. "We call it the price of production because in the long term it is the condition of supply, the condition for the reproduction of commodities, in each particular sphere of production." - Karl Marx, رأس المال: المجلد الثالث, Penguin 1981, p. 300.
↑  Karl Marx, رأس المال: المجلد الثالث, Penguin 1981, p. 1000.
↑  In نظريات فائض القيمة Marx used the term "cost-prices" to refer to what he later called prices of production. M.C. Howard & J. E. King, The political economy of Marx. Harlow: Longman Group Ltd, 1975, p. 233 note 39.
↑  Karl Marx, Grundrisse. Penguin edition, 1973, p. 313-318, 761; Karl Marx, Theories of Surplus Value (3 Vols., see subject index). Moscow: Progress Publishers, 1978 (alternatively, Marx Engels Collected Works, Vols. 30, 31, 32, 33); Karl Marx, رأس المال: المجلد الأول, Penguin 1976, p. 269 and p. 963 (the Resultate manuscript included as appendix in the Penguin edition, written somewhere between 1863 and 1866 - see also Marx Engels Collected Works Vol. 34); Karl Marx & Friedrich Engels, Letters on Capital. London: New Park, 1983, pp. 74-78  and 134-138.; Karl Marx, رأس المال: المجلد الثاني, Penguin 1978, p. 294, 413. "نسخة مؤرشفة". مؤرشف من الأصل في 2017-01-01. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2020-03-27.{{استشهاد ويب}}:  صيانة الاستشهاد: BOT: original URL status unknown (link)
↑  Karl Marx, رأس المال: المجلد الثالث, Penguin 1981, chapter 1, p. 117.
↑  Karl Marx, رأس المال: المجلد الثالث, Penguin edition 1981, p. 117.
↑  Howard Nicholas, Marx's theory of price and its modern rivals. London: Palgrave Macmillan, 2011.
↑  Allen Oakley, The making of Marx's critical theory; a bibliographical analysis. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1983, chapter 5 and 6.
↑  The original manuscript for Capital Vol. 3 is now available in English: Fred Moseley, Marx’s Economic Manuscript of 1864–1865 (transl. Ben Fowkes). Leiden: Brill Publishers, 2016. Overall, the differences between the original text and Engels's version are not very great, because, by his own admission, Engels aimed to provide a fairly literal rendering of the manuscript - with a few exceptions, Engels did not attempt to alter the text, solve problems of content, or introduce new content. The theoretical problems or unclarities remaining in Marx's draft were therefore not removed by Engels' editing, but reproduced fairly literally.
↑  Michael Heinrich, "Engels’ Edition of the Third Volume of Capital and Marx’s Original Manuscript". Science & Society, Vol. 60. No. 4, Winter 1996-1997, pp. 452-466. نسخة محفوظة 11 أكتوبر 2019 على موقع واي باك مشين.
↑  For an historical discussion, see Ronald L. Meek, Studies in the labour theory of value. New York: Monthly Review Press, 1975.
↑  Peter Flaschel and Willi Semmler, "The dynamic equalization of profit rates for input-output models with fixed capital", in: Willi Semmler (ed.), Competition, stability and non-linear cycles. Berlin: Springer Verlag, 1986, pp. 1-34.
↑  Robert S. Lopez "The Trade of Medieval Europe", in: Cambridge Economic History of Europe, 2nd edition , Cambridge University Press, 1987, p. 375-376.
↑  Maxine Berg, "Political economy and the principles of manufacture 1700-1800", in: Maxine Berg et al. (eds.), Manufacture in town and country before the factory. Cambridge University Press, 1983, pp. 33-58. In the 19th century, Marx noted, "Institutions emerge whereby each individual can acquire information about the activity of all others and attempt to adjust his own accordingly, e.g. lists of current prices, interconnections between those active in commerce through the mails, telegraphs, etc. (the means of communication of course grow at the same time). (This means that, although the total supply and demand are independent of the actions of each individual, each one attempts to inform himself about them, and this knowledge then reacts back in practice on the total supply and demand... (The possibility of general statistics, etc.)". - Karl Marx, Grundrisse, Penguin 1973, p. 161.
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