آثار التفاوت الاقتصادي
مراجع

↑  Pickett and Wilkinson, The Spirit Level, 2011, p. 5.
↑  "Happiness: Has Social Science A Clue?" Richard Layard نسخة محفوظة June 3, 2013, على موقع واي باك مشين. 2003
↑  Blanchard and Oswald 2000, 2003
↑  More or Less| Branko Milanovic| Finance & Development| September 2011| Vol. 48, No. 3 نسخة محفوظة 16 نوفمبر 2019 على موقع واي باك مشين.
↑  De Vogli، R. (2005). "Has the relation between income inequality and life expectancy disappeared? Evidence from Italy and top industrialised countries". Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health. ج. 59 ع. 2: 158–62. DOI:10.1136/jech.2004.020651. PMC:1733006. PMID:15650149.
↑  Kaplan، G. A؛ Pamuk، E. R؛ Lynch، J. W؛ Cohen، R. D؛ Balfour، J. L (1996). "Inequality in income and mortality in the United States: Analysis of mortality and potential pathways". BMJ. ج. 312 ع. 7037: 999–1003. DOI:10.1136/bmj.312.7037.999. PMC:2350835. PMID:8616393.
↑  Christoffersen، John (14 أكتوبر 2013). "Rising inequality 'most important problem,' says Nobel-winning economist". St. Louis Post-Dispatch. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2019-11-17. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2013-10-19.
↑  Motesharrei، Safa؛ Rivas، Jorge؛ Kalnay، Eugenia (2014). "Human and nature dynamics (HANDY): Modeling inequality and use of resources in the collapse or sustainability of societies". Ecological Economics  ‏. ج. 101: 90–102. DOI:10.1016/j.ecolecon.2014.02.014.{{استشهاد بدورية محكمة}}:  صيانة الاستشهاد: علامات ترقيم زائدة (link)
↑  "The Spirit Level". equalitytrust.org.uk. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2015-05-31.
↑  Pickett، KE؛ Wilkinson، RG (مارس 2015). "Income inequality and health: a causal review". Social Science & Medicine. ج. 128: 316–26. DOI:10.1016/j.socscimed.2014.12.031. PMID:25577953.
↑  Sapolsky، Robert (2005). "Sick of Poverty". Scientific American. ج. 293 ع. 6: 92–9. DOI:10.1038/scientificamerican1205-92. PMID:16323696.
↑  Pickett and Wilkinson, The Spirit Level, 2011, p. 82.
↑  (At the same time however, there is a strong connection between average income and health within countries. Example: Comparing average death rates in United States zip code areas organized by average income finds the highest income zip codes average a little over 90 deaths per 10,000, the poorest zip codes a little over 50 deaths and a "strikingly" regular gradient of death rates for income in between. source: Figure 1.4, Pickett and Wilkinson, The Spirit Level, 2011, p. 13, Authors: "What is so striking about Figure 1.4 is how regular the health gradient is right across society". Data from: Smith، G D؛ Neaton، J D؛ Wentworth، D؛ Stamler، R؛ Stamler، J (1996). "Socioeconomic differentials in mortality risk among men screened for the Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial: I. White men". American Journal of Public Health. ج. 86 ع. 4: 486–96. DOI:10.2105/AJPH.86.4.486. PMC:1380548. PMID:8604778.)
↑  Pickett and Wilkinson, The Spirit Level, 2011, pp. 306–9. Figure 2.2 found on p. 20 and this page نسخة محفوظة 4 ديسمبر 2012 على موقع واي باك مشين.
↑  the authors found a Pearson Correlation Coefficient of 0.87 for the index and inequality among 20 developed countries for which data was available. Pickett and Wilkinson, The Spirit Level, 2011, p. 310.
↑  a coefficient of 0.59 for 40 US states for which data was available (the index for US states did not include a component for mobility in its index). For both populations the statistical significance p-value was >0.01. Pickett and Wilkinson, The Spirit Level, 2011, p. 310.
↑  compare figures 2.6 and 2.7 in Pickett and Wilkinson, The Spirit Level, 2011, pp. 23–4. Data from An overview of child well-being in rich countries The United Nations Children's Fund, 2007 نسخة محفوظة 3 سبتمبر 2019 على موقع واي باك مشين.
↑  The Spirit Level: how 'ideas wreckers' turned book into political punchbag| Robert Booth| The Guardian| August 13, 2010 نسخة محفوظة 24 سبتمبر 2019 على موقع واي باك مشين.
↑  Kawachi, Ichiro. S.V. Subramanian. Social Epidemiology. ص. 126.
↑  Burns، Jonathan K؛ Tomita، Andrew؛ Kapadia، Amy S (2014). "Income inequality and schizophrenia: Increased schizophrenia incidence in countries with high levels of income inequality". International Journal of Social Psychiatry. ج. 60 ع. 2: 185–96. DOI:10.1177/0020764013481426. PMC:4105302. PMID:23594564.
↑  "Suicides and Drug Overdose Deaths Push Down US Life Expectancy". صوت أمريكا. 29 نوفمبر 2018. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2019-12-18. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2019-01-13. William Dietz is with George Washington University in Washington, D.C. He suggested that financial struggles, inequality and divisive politics are all depressing many Americans. "I really do believe that people are increasingly hopeless, and that that leads to drug use, it leads...to suicide," he said.
↑  Inequality Trust and Political Engagement نسخة محفوظة 2013-06-05 على موقع واي باك مشين. Eric Uslaner and Mitchell Brown, 2002
↑  Making Democracy Work: Civic Traditions in Modern Italy (Putnam, Leonardi, and Nanetti, 1993) نسخة محفوظة 11 سبتمبر 2019 على موقع واي باك مشين.
↑  Robert Putnam, Bowling Alone: The Collapse and Revival of American Community 2000
↑  Robert Putnam, Bowling Alone: The Collapse and Revival of American Community, 2000, p. 359.
↑  Albrekt Larsen, Christian (2013). The Rise and Fall of Social Cohesion: The Construction and De-construction of Social Trust in the US, UK, Sweden and Denmark. Oxford: Oxford University Press
↑  The Price of Inequality: How Today's Divided Society Endangers Our Future, Stiglitz, J.E., (2012) W.W. Norton & Company, (ردمك 978-0393088694)
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المشاكل الصحية والاجتماعية أسوأ في البلدان التي تعاني من التفاوت الاقتصادي