اضطهاد المسيحيين في الاتحاد السوفيتي
المصادر

1 2  
"Soviet Union: Policy toward nationalities and religions in practice". www.country-data.com. مايو 1989. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2017-12-11. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2014-03-29. Marxism-Leninism has consistently advocated the control, suppression, and, ultimately, the elimination of religious beliefs.
1 2 3  
Daniel، Wallace L. (Winter 2009). "Father Aleksandr Men and the struggle to recover Russia's heritage". Demokratizatsiya: The Journal of Post-Soviet Democratization. Institute for European, Russian and Eurasian Studies (George Washington University). ج. 17 ع. 1. ISSN:1940-4603. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2016-03-22. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2014-03-29. Continuing to hold to one's beliefs and one's view of the world required the courage to stand outside a system committed to destroying religious values and perspectives.
1 2 3 4  
Froese, Paul. "'I am an atheist and a Muslim': Islam, communism, and ideological competition." Journal of Church and State 47.3 (2005)
1 2  Paul Froese. Forced Secularization in Soviet Russia: Why an Atheistic Monopoly Failed. Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion, Vol. 43, No. 1 (Mar., 2004), pp. 35-50
↑  Haskins, Ekaterina V. "Russia's postcommunist past: the Cathedral of Christ the Savior and the reimagining of national identity." History and Memory: Studies in Representation of the Past 21.1 (2009)
↑  ”Estimates of the total number all Christian martyrs in the former Soviet Union are about 12 million.”, James M. Nelson, "Estimates%20of%20the%20total%20number%20all%20Christian%20martyrs%20in%20the%20former%20Soviet%20Union%20are%20about%2012%20million"&f=false “Psychology, Religion, and Spirituality”, Springer, 2009, ISBN 0-387-87572-7, p. 427 نسخة محفوظة 10 مايو 2017 على موقع واي باك مشين.
↑  ”In all, it is estimated that some 15 to 20 million Christians were martyred under the Soviet regime”, David Barrett, “World Christian Trends”, Pasadena: William Carey Library, 2001, cited by David Taylor, "In%20all,%20it%20is%20estimated%20that%20some%2015%20to%2020%20million%20Christians%20were%20martyred%20under%20the%20Soviet%20regime"&f=false ”21 Signs of His Coming: Major Biblical Prophecies Being Fulfilled In Our Generation”, Taylor Publishing Group, 2009, ISBN 0-9762933-4-X, p. 220 نسخة محفوظة 10 مايو 2017 على موقع واي باك مشين.
↑  ”over 20 million were martyred in Soviet prison camps”, Todd M. Johnson, “Christian Martyrdom: A global demographic assessment“, p. 4 نسخة محفوظة 03 مارس 2016 على موقع واي باك مشين.
↑  John Shelton Curtis, The Russian Church and the Soviet State (Boston: Little Brown, 1953); Jane Ellis, The Russian Orthodox Church: A Contemporary History (Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1986); Dimitry V. Pospielovsky, The Russian Church Under the Soviet Regime 1917-1982 (St. Vladimir’s Seminary Press, 1984); idem., A History of Marxist-Leninist Atheism and Soviet Anti-Religious Policies (New York; St. Martin’s Press, 1987); Glennys Young, Power and the Sacred in Revolutionary Russia: Religious Activists in the Village (University Park: Pennsylvania State University Press, 1997); Daniel Peris, Storming the Heavens: The Soviet League of the Militant Godless (Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1998); William B. Husband, “Godless Communists”: Atheism and Society in Soviet Russia DeKalb: Northern Illinois University Press, 2000; Edward Roslof, Red Priests: Renovationism, Russian Orthodoxy, and Revolution, 1905-1946 (Bloomington, Indiana, 2002)
1 2  John Anderson. The Council for Religious Affairs and the Shaping of Soviet Religious Policy. Soviet Studies, Vol. 43, No. 4 (1991), pp. 689-710
1 2 3  Becker, Winfried. "Diplomats and missionaries: the role played by the German embassies in Moscow and Rome in the relations between Russia and the Vatican from 1921 to 1929." The Catholic Historical Review 92.1 (2006)
↑  Daniel Peris Storming the Heavens: The Soviet League of the Militant Godless Cornell University Press 1998 ISBN 978-0-8014-3485-3
↑  Antireligioznik (The Antireligious, 1926-41), Derevenskii Bezbozhnik (The Godless Peasant, 1928-1932), and Yunye Bezbozhniki (The Young Godless, 1931-1933).
↑  History of the Orthodox Church in the History of Russian Dimitry Pospielovsky 1998 St Vladimir's Press ISBN 0-88141-179-5 pg 291
↑  A History of Marxist-Leninist Atheism and Soviet Antireligious Policies, Dimitry Pospielovsky Palgrave Macmillan (December, 1987) ISBN 0-312-38132-8
↑  Daniel Peris Storming the Heavens: The Soviet League of the Militant Godless Cornell University Press 1998 ISBN 978-0-8014-3485-3
↑  Christ Is Calling You: A Course in Catacomb Pastorship by Father George Calciu Published by Saint Hermans Press April 1997 ISBN 978-1-887904-52-0
↑  John Anderson, Religion, State and Politics in the Soviet Union and Successor States, Cambridge University Press, 1994, pp 9
↑  Dimitry V. Pospielovsky. A History of Soviet Atheism in Theory, and Practice, and the Believer, vol 1: A History of Marxist-Leninist Atheism and Soviet Anti-Religious Policies, St Martin's Press, New York (1987). pg 84.
↑  Prot. Dimitri Konstantinov, Gonimaia Tserkov' (New York:Vseslavianskoe izdatel'stvo, 1967) pp 286-7, and (London:Macmillan, 1969) chs 4 and 5
1 2  Vladimir Ilyich Lenin, The Attitude of the Workers' Party to Religion. Proletary, No. 45, May 13 (26), 1909. Found at: http://www.marxists.org/archive/lenin/works/1909/may/13.htm نسخة محفوظة 2020-05-20 على موقع واي باك مشين.
1 2  John Anderson, Religion, State and Politics in the Soviet Union and Successor States, Cambridge University Press, 1994, pp 3
1 2  Dimitry V. Pospielovsky. A History of Soviet Atheism in Theory, and Practice, and the Believer, vol 1: A History of Marxist-Leninist Atheism and Soviet Anti-Religious Policies, St Martin's Press, New York (1987)
↑  Father Arseny 1893-1973 Priest, Prisoner, Spiritual Father. Introduction pg. vi - 1. St Vladimir's Seminary Press ISBN 0-88141-180-9
1 2  لودميلا أليكسيفا, History of dissident movement in the USSR, Memorial society, in Russian
1 2  A.Ginzbourg, "Only one year", "Index" Magazine, in Russian نسخة محفوظة 08 نوفمبر 2017 على موقع واي باك مشين.
↑  The Washington Post Anti-Communist Priest Gheorghe Calciu-Dumitreasa By Patricia Sullivan Washington Post Staff Writer Sunday, November 26, 2006; Page C09 http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2006/11/25/AR2006112500783.html نسخة محفوظة 2019-10-24 على موقع واي باك مشين.
↑  أدريان سيورويانو, Pe umerii lui Marx. O introducere în istoria comunismului românesc ("On the Shoulders of Marx. An Incursion into the History of Romanian Communism"), Editura Curtea Veche, Bucharest, 2005
↑  Book of L.Alexeeva, Memorial Page, Russian نسخة محفوظة 03 فبراير 2017 على موقع واي باك مشين.
↑  name=Lev Regelson. TRAGEDY OF THE RUSSIAN CHURCH. 1917-1953. Logos.1991. http://regels.org/Tragedy-of-Russian-Church.htm نسخة محفوظة 13 أغسطس 2014 على موقع واي باك مشين.
1 2  Dimitry V. Pospielovsky. A History of Soviet Atheism in Theory, and Practice, and the Believer, vol 1: A History of Marxist-Leninist Atheism and Soviet Anti-Religious Policies, St Martin's Press, New York (1987) pg 29
1 2  "Soviet repression of the Ukrainian Catholic Church." Department of State Bulletin 87 (1987)
1 2 3 4 5 6  Barmenkov, A, Freedom of Conscience in the USSR, Progress Publishers, 1983
1 2 3 4 5  Dimitry V. Pospielovsky. A History of Soviet Atheism in Theory, and Practice, and the Believer, vol 2: Soviet Antireligious Campaigns and Persecutions, St Martin's Press, New York (1988) pg 16
1 2 3 4  Dimitry V. Pospielovsky. A History of Soviet Atheism in Theory, and Practice, and the Believer, vol 1: A History of Marxist-Leninist Atheism and Soviet Anti-Religious Policies, St Martin's Press, New York (1987) pg 28
1 2  Nathaniel Davis, A Long Walk to Church: A Contemporary History of Russian Orthodoxy, Westview Press, 2003, 9
1 2  Dimitry V. Pospielovsky. A History of Soviet Atheism in Theory, and Practice, and the Believer, vol 1: A History of Marxist-Leninist Atheism and Soviet Anti-Religious Policies, St Martin's Press, New York (1987) pg 39
↑  David E. Powell, Antireligious Propaganda in the Soviet Union: A Study of Mass Persuasion (Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press, 1975) p. 34;
↑  russia.by نسخة محفوظة 13 مارس 2012 على موقع واي باك مشين.
↑  Dimitry V. Pospielovsky. A History of Soviet Atheism in Theory, and Practice, and the Believer, vol 1: A History of Marxist-Leninist Atheism and Soviet Anti-Religious Policies, St Martin's Press, New York (1987) pg 30
↑  Dimitry V. Pospielovsky. A History of Soviet Atheism in Theory, and Practice, and the Believer, vol 1: A History of Marxist-Leninist Atheism and Soviet Anti-Religious Policies, St Martin's Press, New York (1987) pg 40
↑  Dimitry V. Pospielovsky. A History of Soviet Atheism in Theory, and Practice, and the Believer, vol 1: A History of Marxist-Leninist Atheism and Soviet Anti-Religious Policies, St Martin's Press, New York (1987) pg 124
1 2  Dimitry V. Pospielovsky. A History of Soviet Atheism in Theory, and Practice, and the Believer, vol 1: A History of Marxist-Leninist Atheism and Soviet Anti-Religious Policies, St Martin's Press, New York (1987) pg 33
1 2  Letter from Lenin to Molotov, 1922, webpage: http://www.ibiblio.org/expo/soviet.exhibit/ae2bkhun.html نسخة محفوظة 2019-11-21 على موقع واي باك مشين.
↑  Dimitry V. Pospielovsky. The Russian Church Under the Soviet Regime, 1917-1983 (Crestwood NY.: St Vladimir's Seminary Press, 1984) vol. 1 p. 51
1 2  Gregory L. Freeze. Counter-Reformation in Russian Orthodoxy: Popular Response to Religious Innovation, 1922-1925. Slavic Review, Vol. 54, No. 2 (Summer, 1995), pp. 305-339
1 2  Alexander Nikolaevich Yakovlev. A Century of Violence in Soviet Russia. مطبعة جامعة ييل, 2002. ISBN 0-300-08760-8 page 156 نسخة محفوظة 24 أبريل 2017 على موقع واي باك مشين.
1 2  ريتشارد بايبس. Russia Under the Bolshevik Regime. Vintage Books, 1994 ISBN 0-679-76184-5 pg 356 "نسخة مؤرشفة". مؤرشف من الأصل في 2011-01-24. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2014-09-05.{{استشهاد ويب}}:  صيانة الاستشهاد: BOT: original URL status unknown (link)
↑  Ostling, Richard. "Cross meets Kremlin" TIME Magazine. June 24, 2001. http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,150718,00.html نسخة محفوظة 2013-05-21 على موقع واي باك مشين.
↑  Letters from Moscow, Gleb Yakunin and Lev Regelson, http://www.regels.org/humanright.htm نسخة محفوظة 2020-05-31 على موقع واي باك مشين.
↑  Dimitry V. Pospielovsky. A History of Soviet Atheism in Theory, and Practice, and the Believer, vol 1: A History of Marxist-Leninist Atheism and Soviet Anti-Religious Policies, St Martin's Press, New York (1987) pg 38
↑  Rezolutsiia Obschestva voinvuiushchikh materialistov o tekushchikh zadachakh obshchestva', Pod znamenem marxizma., no. 12 (1926) p. 236; 'Ot pravelniia Obshchestva voinstvuiuschchikh materialistov-dialektikov'
↑  Ustav O-va VMD', Pod znamenem marxizma., no. 12 (1928) pp 216-22
↑  Dimitry V. Pospielovsky. A History of Soviet Atheism in Theory, and Practice, and the Believer, vol. 1: A History of Marxist-Leninist Atheism and Soviet Anti-Religious Policies, St Martin's Press, New York (1987) pg 34
↑  Nathaniel Davis, A Long Walk to Church: A Contemporary History of Russian Orthodoxy, Westview Press, 2003, 7
1 2  Letters of Metropolitan Sergii of Vilnius http://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Letters_of_Metropolitan_Sergii_of_Vilnius نسخة محفوظة 2011-08-11 على موقع واي باك مشين.
↑  Dimitry V. Pospielovsky. A History of Soviet Atheism in Theory, and Practice, and the Believer, vol 1: A History of Marxist-Leninist Atheism and Soviet Anti-Religious Policies, St Martin's Press, New York (1987) pg 46
↑  N Vozenesensky, 'Imena i sud'by' and 'Materialy k istorii Akademii nauk', Pamiat', a historical miscellany of samizdat (respectively: no. 1, Moscow, 1976- New York: Kronika Press, 1978; and no. 4, M., 1979 - Paris: YMCA Press, 1981) pp. 353 and 459.
↑  Dimitry V. Pospielovsky. A History of Soviet Atheism in Theory, and Practice, and the Believer, vol 1: A History of Marxist-Leninist Atheism and Soviet Anti-Religious Policies, St Martin's Press, New York (1987) pg 41
↑  Dimitry V. Pospielovsky. A History of Soviet Atheism in Theory, and Practice, and the Believer, vol 1: A History of Marxist-Leninist Atheism and Soviet Anti-Religious Policies, St Martin's Press, New York (1987) pg 66
1 2 3  Paul Dixon, Religion in the Soviet Union, first published 1945 in Workers International News, and can be found at: http://www.marxist.com/religion-soviet-union170406.htm نسخة محفوظة 2020-05-31 على موقع واي باك مشين.
↑  "Letters of Metropolitan Sergii of Vilnius - Wikisource". مؤرشف من الأصل في 2011-08-11.
بوابة اشتراكية
بوابة الأديان
بوابة الاتحاد السوفيتي
بوابة الكنيسة الرومانية الكاثوليكية
بوابة المسيحية