الفارابي
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↑  Dhanani، Alnoor (2007). "Fārābī: Abū Naṣr Muḥammad ibn Muḥammad ibn Tarkhān al‐Fārābī". في Thomas Hockey؛ وآخرون (المحررون). The Biographical Encyclopedia of Astronomers. New York: Springer. ص. 356–7. ISBN:978-0-387-31022-0. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2023-03-24. (PDF version)
↑  Henry Corbin (1964), Histoire de la philosophie islamique (بالفرنسية), p. 223, QID:Q113226778
↑  محسن الأمين العاملي، أعيان الشيعة، ج. 9، ص. 104، QID:Q5924457
↑  الفارابي (2007). علي بن مخلوف (المحرر). No label or title -- debug: Q113869358 (بالعربية والفرنسية). ترجمة: Stéphane Diebler. دار النشر سوي. ص. 10. ISBN:978-2-02-048161-8. OCLC:422132604. QID:Q113869358.
↑  Abdel Rahman Badawi (1972). "Histoire de la philosophie en Islam". Études de Philosophie Médiévale (بالفرنسية). Paris: Librairie philosophique J. Vrin. 60: 478. ISSN:0249-7921. OCLC:615476969. QID:Q111630476.
↑  Abdel Rahman Badawi (1972). "Histoire de la philosophie en Islam". Études de Philosophie Médiévale (بالفرنسية). Paris: Librairie philosophique J. Vrin. 60: 479. ISSN:0249-7921. OCLC:615476969. QID:Q111630476.
↑  خير الدين الزركلي (2002)، الأعلام: قاموس تراجم لأشهر الرجال والنساء من العرب والمستعربين والمستشرقين (ط. 15)، بيروت: دار العلم للملايين، ج. السابع، ص. 20، OCLC:1127653771، QID:Q113504685
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9  Gutas، Dimitri. "Farabi". Encyclopædia Iranica. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2020-10-20. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2010-04-04.
↑  Reisman, D.(ed.)Before and After Avicenna. Princeton, NJ. 2001
↑  DANIEL BALLAND, "FĀRYĀB" in Encyclopedia Iranica . excerpt: "Fāryāb (also Pāryāb), common Persian toponym meaning “lands irrigated by diversion of river water" نسخة محفوظة 15 ديسمبر 2020 على موقع واي باك مشين.
↑  Dehkhoda Dictionary under "Parab" نسخة محفوظة 2011-10-03 على موقع واي باك مشين. excerpt: "پاراب . (اِ مرکب ) زراعتی که به آب چشمه وکاریز ورودخانه ومانند آن کنند مَسقوی . آبی . مقابل دیم" (translation: "Lands irrigated by diversion of river water, springs and قناةs.")
↑  "C. E. Bosworth, "OTRĀR" in Encyclopedia Iranica". Iranicaonline.org. 20 يوليو 2002. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2020-09-20. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2012-09-19.
↑  محسن مهدي، تحقيق اراء اهل المدينة الفاضلة، بيروت 1977 ص 43
↑  "al-Farabi – Muslim philosopher". مؤرشف من الأصل في 2015-04-28.
↑  Lessons with Texts by Alfarabi. "D. Gutas, "AlFarabi" in Barthaolomew's World accessed Feb 18, 2010". Bartholomew.stanford.edu. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2017-05-02. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2012-09-19.
↑  David C. Reisman, "Al-Farabi and the philosophical curriculum", in Peter Adamson and Richard C. Taylor, The Cambridge companion to Arabic philosophy, Cambridge University Press, 2005, p. 53.
↑  F. Abiola Irele/Biodun Jeyifo, "Farabi", in The Oxford Encyclopedia of African Thought, Vol. 1, p. 379.
↑  Ebn Abi Osaybea, Oyun al-anba fi tabaqat at-atebba, ed. A. Müller, Cairo, 1299/1882. وكان ابوه قائد جيش وهو فارسي المنتسب
↑  Seyyed Hossein Nasr, Mehdi Amin Razavi. "An Anthology of Philosophy in Persia, Vol. 1: From Zoroaster to Umar Khayyam", I.B. Tauris in association with The Institute of Ismaili Studies, 2007. Pg 134: "Ibn Nadim in his al-Fihrist, which is the first work to mention Farabi considers him to be of Persian origin, as does Muhammad Shahrazuri in his Tarikh al-hukama and Ibn Abi Usaybi'ah in his Tabaqat al-atibba. In contrast, ابن خلكان in his '"Wafayat al-'ayan considers him to be of Turkish descent. In any case, he was born in Farab in Khurasan of that day around 257/870 in a climate of Persianate culture"
↑  Arabic: وكان من سلاله فارس in J. Mashkur, Farab and Farabi, Tehran,1972. See also قاموس دهخدا under the entry Farabi for the same exact Arabic quote.
↑  Majid Fakhry, Al-Farabi, Founder of Islamic Neoplatonism: His Life, Works and Influence, Great Islamic Thinkers (Oxford: Oneworld Publications, 2002), 157. (ردمك 9781851683024).
↑
George Fadlo Hourani, Essays on Islamic Philosophy and Science, Suny press, 1975.
Kiki Kennedy-Day, Books of Definition in Islamic Philosophy: The Limits of Words, Routledge, 2002, page 32.
↑  Joshua Parens (2006). An Islamic philosophy of virtuous religions : introducing Alfarabi. Albany, NY: State Univ. of New York Press. pp. 3. (ردمك 0-7914-6689-2) excerpt: "He was a native speaker of Turkic  [ك‍] dialect, Soghdian." [Note: Sogdian was an East Iranian language and not a Turkic dialect]
↑  Joep Lameer, "Al-Fārābī and Aristotelian syllogistics: Greek theory and Islamic practice", E.J. Brill, 1994. (ردمك 90-04-09884-4) pg 22: "..Islamic world of that time, an area whose inhabitants must have spoken Soghdian or maybe a Turkish dialect..."
↑  مشكور، محمدجواد. “فاراب وفارابي“. دوره14، ش161 (اسفند 54): 15-20- . J. Mashkur, "Farabi and Farabi" in volume 14, No. 161, pp 15–12, Tehran,1972. "نسخة مؤرشفة". مؤرشف من الأصل في 2007-10-21. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2020-11-11.English translations of the arguments used by J. Mashkur can be found in: G. Lohraspi, "Some remarks on Farabi's background"; a scholarly approach citing كليفورد إدموند بوزورث، برنارد لويس، ريتشارد فراي، D. Gutas, J. Mashkur and partial translation of J.Mashkur's arguments: PDF. ولي فارابي فيلسوف تنها متعلق به ايران نبود بلكه
به عالم اسلام تعلق داشت واز بركت قرآن ودين محمد به اين مقام رسيد. از اينجهت هه دانشمنداني كه در اينجا گرد آمده‌اند او را يك دانشمند مسلمان متعلق به عالم انسانيت مي‌دانند وكاري به تركي وفارسي وعربي بودن او ندارند. "نسخة مؤرشفة". مؤرشف من الأصل في 2020-05-03. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2020-11-11.{{استشهاد ويب}}:  صيانة الاستشهاد: BOT: original URL status unknown (link)
↑
P.J. King, "One Hundred Philosophers: the life and work of the world's greatest thinkers", chapter  al-Fārābi, Zebra, 2006. pp 50: "Of Persian stock, al-Farabi (Alfarabius, AbuNaser) was born in Turkestan"
Henry Thomas, Understanding the Great Philosophers, Doubleday, Published 1962
T. J. De Boer, "The History of Philosophy in Islam", Forgotten Books, 2008. Excerpt page 98: "His father is said to have been a Persian General". (ردمك 1-60506-697-4)
Sterling M. McMurrin, Religion, Reason, and Truth: Historical Essays in the Philosophy of Religion, University of Utah Press, 1982, (ردمك 0-87480-203-2). page 40.
edited by Robert C. Solomon and Kathleen M. Higgins. (2003). From Africa to Zen : an invitation to world philosophy. Lanham, Md.: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers. pp. 163. (ردمك 0-7425-1350-5) "al-Farabi (870–950), a Persian,"
Thomas F. Glick. (1995). From Muslim fortress to Christian castle : social and cultural change in medieval Spain. Manchester: Manchester University Press. pp. 170. (ردمك 0-7190-3349-7) "It was thus that al-Farabi (c. 870–950), a Persian philosopher"
The World's Greatest Seers and Philosophers.. Gardners Books. 2005. pp. 41. (ردمك 81-223-0824-4) "al-Farabi (also known as Abu al-Nasr al-Farabi) was born of Turkish parents in the small village of Wasij near Farab, Turkistan (now in Uzbekistan) in 870 AD. His parents were of Persian descent, but their ancestors had migrated to Turkistan."
Bryan Bunch with Alexander Hellemans. (2004). The history of science and technology : a browser's guide to the great discoveries, inventions, and the people who made them, from the dawn of time to today. Boston: Houghton Mifflin. pp. 108. (ردمك 0-618-22123-9) "Persian scholar al-Farabi"
Olivier Roy, "The new Central Asia: the creation of nations", I.B.Tauris, 2000. 1860642799. pg 167: "Kazakhstan also annexes for the purpose of bank notes Al Farabi (870–950), the Muslim philosopher who was born in the south of present-day Kazakhstan but who presumably spoke Persian, particularly because in that era there were no Kazakhs in the region"
Majid Khadduri; [foreword by R. K. Ramazani]. The Islamic conception of justice. Baltimore : Johns Hopkins University Press, c1984.. pp. 84. (ردمك 0-8018-6974-9) "Nasr al-Farabi was born in Farab (a small town in Transoxiana) in 259/870 to a family of mixed parentage — the father, who married a Turkish woman, is said to have been of Persian and Turkish descent — but both professed the Shi'l heterodox faith. He spoke Persian and Turkish fluently and learned the Arabic language before he went to Baghdad.
Ḥannā Fākhūrī, Tārīkh al-fikr al-falsafī ʻinda al-ʻArab, al-Duqqī, al-Jīzah : al-Sharikah al-Miṣrīyah al-ʻĀlamīyah lil-Nashr, Lūnjmān, 2002.
’Ammar al-Talbi, al-Farabi نسخة محفوظة 16 سبتمبر 2013 على موقع واي باك مشين., UNESCO: International Bureau of Education, vol. XXIII, no. 1/2, Paris, 1993, p. 353-372
David Deming,"Science and Technology in World History: The Ancient World and Classical Civilization", McFarland, 2010. pg 94: "Al-Farabi, known in Medieval Europe as Abunaser, was a Persian philosopher who sought to harmonize.."
Philosophers: Abu Al-Nasr Al-Farabi نسخة محفوظة 2016-03-07 على موقع واي باك مشين.,, Trinity College, 1995–2000
↑  B.G. Gafurov, Central Asia:Pre-Historic to Pre-Modern Times, (Shipra Publications, 2005), 124; "Abu Nasr Farabi hailed from around ancient Farabi which was situated on the bank of Syr Daria and was the son of a Turk military commander".
↑  Will Durant, The Age of Faith, (Simon and Schuster, 1950), 253.
↑  Nicholas Rescher, Al-Farabi's Short Commentary on Aristotle's Prior Analytics, University of Pittsburgh Pre, 1963, p.11, Online Edition. نسخة محفوظة 25 يوليو 2020 على موقع واي باك مشين.
↑  Antony Black, The History of Islamic Political Thought: From the Prophet to the Present, Routledge, p. 61, Online Edition نسخة محفوظة 25 يوليو 2020 على موقع واي باك مشين.
↑  James Hastings, Encyclopedia of Religion and Ethics, Kessinger Publishing, Vol. 10, p.757, Online Edition نسخة محفوظة 26 أبريل 2016 على موقع واي باك مشين.
↑
edited by Ted Honderich. (1995). The Oxford companion to philosophy. Oxford: Oxford University Press. pp. 269. (ردمك 0-19-866132-0) "Of Turki origin, al-Farabi studied under Christian thinkers"
edited and translated by Norman Calder, Jawid Mojaddedi and Andrew Rippin. (2003). Classical Islam : a sourcebook of religious literature. New York: Routledge. pp. 170. (ردمك 0-415-24032-8) "He was of Turkish origin, was born in Turkestan"
Ian Richard Netton. (1999). Al-Fārābī and his school. Richmond, Surrey: Curzon. (ردمك 0-7007-1064-7) "He appears to have been born into a military family of Turkish origin in the village of Wasil, Farab, in Turkestan"
edited by Henrietta Moore. (1996). The future of anthropological knowledge. London: Routledge. (ردمك 0-415-10786-5) "al-Farabi (873–950), a scholar of Turkish origin."
Diané Collinson and Robert Wilkinson. (1994). Thirty-Five Oriental Philosophers.. London: Routledge. (ردمك 0-203-02935-6) "Al-Farabi is thought to be of Turkish origin. His family name suggests that he came from the vicinity of Farab in Transoxiana."
Fernand Braudel; translated by Richard Mayne. (1995). A history of civilizations. New York, N.Y.: Penguin. (ردمك 0-14-012489-6) "Al-Farabi, born in 870, was of Turkish origin. He lived in Aleppo and died in 950 in Damascus"
Jaroslav Krejčí; assisted by Anna Krejčová. (1990). Before the European challenge : the great civilizations of Asia and the Middle East. Albany: State University of New York Press. pp. 140. (ردمك 0-7914-0168-5) "the Transoxanian Turk al-Farabi (d. circa 950)"
Hamid Naseem. (2001). Muslim philosophy science and mysticism. New Delhi: Sarup & Sons. pp. 78. (ردمك 81-7625-230-1) "Al-Farabi, the first Turkish philosopher"
Clifford Sawhney. The World's Greatest Seers and Philosophers, 2005, p. 41
Zainal Abidin Ahmad. Negara utama (Madinatuʾl fadilah) Teori kenegaraan dari sardjana Islam al Farabi. 1964, p. 19
Haroon Khan Sherwani. Studies in Muslim Political Thought and Administration. 1945, p. 63
Ian Richard Netton. Al-Farabi and His School, 1999, p. 5 نسخة محفوظة 25 يوليو 2020 على موقع واي باك مشين.
↑  C. Edmund Bosworth (15 مايو 2017). The Turks in the Early Islamic World. Taylor & Francis. ص. 381. ISBN:978-1-351-88087-9. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2020-07-25.
↑  Sadler، Anthony؛ Skarlatos، Alek؛ Stone، Spencer؛ Stern، Jeffrey E. (2016). The 15:17 to Paris: The True Story of a Terrorist, a Train, and Three American Heroes. New York: PublicAffairs. ص. 18. ISBN:978-1-61039-734-6.
↑  Corbin، Henry (23 يونيو 2014). History Of Islamic Philosophy. Routledge. ISBN:9781135198893. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2020-11-19 – عبر Google Books.
↑  Fazi, Fārābī's Political Philosophy and shī'ism, Studia Islamica, No. 14 (1961), pp. 57–72
↑  .Maftouni، Nadia (2013). "وجوه شیعی فلسفه فارابی" [Shi'ite Aspects of Farabi`s Philosophy]. Andishe-Novin-E-Dini (بالفارسية). ج. 9 ع. 33: 12. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2020-11-13. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2018-10-31.
↑  أنظر محسن مهدي، الرسالة المصرية، العدد 765 القاهرة 1977
↑  Netton، Ian Richard (2008). "Breaking with Athens: Alfarabi as Founder, Applications of Political Theory By Christopher A. Colmo". Journal of Islamic Studies. دار نشر جامعة أكسفورد. ج. 19 ع. 3: 397–8. DOI:10.1093/jis/etn047. ISSN:0955-2340.
↑  Glick، Thomas F., Steven Livesey and Faith Wallis (2014). Medieval Science, Technology, and Medicine: An Encyclopedia. New York: Routledge. ص. 171. ISBN:0415969301. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2014-07-06.{{استشهاد بكتاب}}:  صيانة الاستشهاد: أسماء متعددة: قائمة المؤلفين (link)
↑  "Avicenna/Ibn Sina (CA. 980–1137)". The Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2007-06-23. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2007-07-13.
1 2  Arabic and Islamic Natural Philosophy and Natural Science, موسوعة ستانفورد للفلسفة نسخة محفوظة 2 أغسطس 2019 على موقع واي باك مشين.
↑  History of logic: Arabic logic, موسوعة بريتانيكا. نسخة محفوظة 12 أكتوبر 2007 على موقع واي باك مشين.
↑  Ludescher، Tanyss (فبراير 1996). "The Islamic roots of the poetic syllogism". College Literature. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2005-05-31. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2008-02-29.
1 2 3  Amber Haque (2004), "Psychology from Islamic Perspective: Contributions of Early Muslim Scholars and Challenges to Contemporary Muslim Psychologists", Journal of Religion and Health 43 (4): 357–377 [363].
↑  Zahoor، Akram (2000). Muslim History: 570-1950 C.E. Gaithersburg, MD: AZP (ZMD Corporation). ISBN:978-0-9702389-0-0.
↑  Black, D. Al-Farabi in Leaman, O & Nasr, H (2001). History of Islamic Philosophy. London: Routledge. p178.
↑  Reisman, D. Al-Farabi and the Philosophical Curriculum In Adamson, P & Taylor, R. (2005). The Cambridge Companion to Arabic Philosophy. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p52
↑  Motahhari, Morteza, Becoming familiar with Islamic knowledge, V1, p.166
اگر بخواهيم كلمهای را به
كار بريم كه مفيد مفهوم روش فلسفی مشائين باشد بايد كلمه ( استدلالی ) را
به كار بريم .
↑  "Dictionary of Islamic Philosophical Terms". Muslimphilosophy.com. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2019-01-21. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2012-09-19.
↑  "Aristotelianism in Islamic philosophy". Muslimphilosophy.com. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2019-03-05. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2012-09-19.
↑  Motahhari, Mortaza, Becoming familiar with Islamic knowledge, V1, p.167
فارابی كتاب كوچك معروفی دارد به نام ( الجمع بين رأيی الحكيمين ) در
اين كتاب مسائل اختلافی اين دو فيلسوف طرح شده وكوشش شده كه به نحوی
اختلافات ميان اين دو حكيم از بين برود .
↑  الفارابي  على موسوعة ستانفورد للفلسفة
↑  Mahdi، Muhsin (1962). Alfarabi: Philosophy of Plato and Aristotle. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press. ص. 4. ISBN:0801487161. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2016-06-17. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2015-08-17.
↑  Reisman, p55
↑  Reisman, p57
↑  Corbin, H. (1993). History of Islamic Philosophy. London: Keagan Paul International. p161
↑  Reisman, p58-59
↑  Reisman, p61
↑  "page 461" (PDF). مؤرشف من الأصل (PDF) في 2007-03-25.
1 2  Reisman, p64
1 2  Reisman, p63
1 2 3  Black, p186
↑  Corbin, p158
↑  Corbin, p165
↑  Black, p184
↑  Reisman, p60-61
↑  Black (2), D. Psychology: Soul and Intellect in Adamson, P and Taylor, R. (2005). The Cambridge Companion to Arabic Philosophy. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p313
↑  Black (b), p313
↑  Black, p185
↑  Corbin, p164
↑  Black, p187
↑  موقف الفارابي من التصوف، د جمال الدين فالح الكيلاني، مجلة البيان الجزائرية، لسنة 2015
↑  Corbin, p162
↑  Black, p190
↑  Butterworth, p278
↑  Black, p191
↑  Corbin, p162-163
↑  Butterworth, C. Ethical and Political Philosophy in Adamson, P and Taylor, R. (2005). The Cambridge Companion to Arabic Philosophy. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p276
↑  Reisman, p68
↑  Joshua Parens, An Islamic Philosophy of Virtuous Religions: Introducing Alfarabi (New York: State University of New York Press, 2006), 2.
↑  Mykhaylo Yakubovych. Al-Farabi's Book of Religion. Ukrainian translation, introduction and comments / Ukrainian Religious Studies Bulletin, 2008, Vol. 47, P. 237.