قوارب أبيدوس
مراجع

↑  "After 5,000 Year Voyage, World's Oldest Built Boats Deliver -- Archeologists' First Look Confirms Existence of Earliest Royal Boats at Abydos". مؤرشف من الأصل في 2021-06-03.
↑  "كيف وصلت قوارب أبيدوس إلى قلب الصحراء قبل 5 آلاف عام؟". عرب لايت. 2 مايو 2019. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2021-05-12. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2022-02-05.
↑  Cheryl Ward, "Boat-building and its social context in early Egypt: interpretations from the First Dynasty boat-grave cemetery at Abydos" (in German), Antiquity 80 (307):  pp. 118–129, hier S. 121, 123, doi:10.1017/S0003598X00093303, ISSN 0003-598X
↑  قالب:Toter Link Januar 2001, abgerufen am 29. Oktober 2008.
↑  Early Pharaohs' Ghostly Fleet. by Tim Stoddard, October 31, 2000, retrieved April 18, 2007. نسخة محفوظة 2016-05-08 على موقع واي باك مشين.
↑  Cheryl Ward, "Boat-building and its social context in early Egypt: interpretations from the First Dynasty boat-grave cemetery at Abydos" (in German), Antiquity 80 (307):  pp. 118–129, hier S. 125, doi:10.1017/S0003598X00093303, ISSN 0003-598X
↑  "Early Dynastic Funerary boats at Abydos North". Francesco Raffaele Egyptology News. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2008-10-29.
↑  Boat-building and its social context in early Egypt نسخة محفوظة 2011-09-29 على موقع واي باك مشين.- interpretations from the First Dynasty boat-grave cemetery at Abydos. By Cheryl Ward. Antiquity 80: 118–129, 2006; pp. 121, 123, retrieved March 17, 2008.
↑  Cheryl Ward, "Boat-building and its social context in early Egypt: interpretations from the First Dynasty boat-grave cemetery at Abydos" (in German), Antiquity 80 (307):  pp. 118–129, hier S. 124, doi:10.1017/S0003598X00093303, ISSN 0003-598X
↑  Early ship construction – Khufu's solar boat, January, 2001, retrieved October 29, 2008. نسخة محفوظة 2019-04-02 على موقع واي باك مشين.
↑  Boat-building and its social context in early Egypt: interpretations from the First Dynasty boat-grave cemetery at Abydos نسخة محفوظة 2011-09-29 على موقع واي باك مشين., by Cheryl Ward. Antiquity 80: 118–129, 2006, p. 125; retrieved March 17, 2008
↑  Cheryl Ward, "Boat-building and its social context in early Egypt: interpretations from the First Dynasty boat-grave cemetery at Abydos" (in German), Antiquity 80 (307):  pp. 118–129, hier S. 124, doi:10.1017/S0003598X00093303, ISSN 0003-598X
1 2  Early Dynastic Funerary boats at Abydos North, by Francesco Raffaele, n.d, retrieved October 29, 2008. نسخة محفوظة 2018-11-09 على موقع واي باك مشين.
↑  Boat-building and its social context in early Egypt: interpretations from the First Dynasty boat-grave cemetery at Abydos نسخة محفوظة 2011-09-29 على موقع واي باك مشين., by Cheryl Ward. Antiquity 80: 118–129, 2006, p.124; retrieved March 17, 2008. “No mortise-and-tenon joints or pegs were used to join the edges of planks that made up the angular bottom and sides of Boat 10. Instead, the planks relied completely on lashing threaded through angled and L-shaped channels in transverse lines to create the hull. The planks are of even thickness (6 cm), and the regular size of the channels and their positions relative to plank edges was remarkable. Lashing channels have an average length of one Egyptian palm (about 7.5 cm) and a thickness of one digit (about 1.9 cm), the same dimensions as lashing channels cut into timbers from the site at اللشت. Most of the lashing had decayed, but a broad, woven strap filled several channels. It was startling to realize that the strap shows the same weave and approximately the same dimensions as similar remains from Lisht planks created more than a thousand years later.”
↑  Boat-building and its social context in early Egypt: interpretations from the First Dynasty boat-grave cemetery at Abydos نسخة محفوظة 2011-09-29 على موقع واي باك مشين., by Cheryl Ward. Antiquity 80: 118–129, 2006, p. 124; retrieved March 17, 2008. “Rather than locking joints, the Egyptian boat-builders fastened planks with symmetrically placed ligatures, single ‘stitches’ connecting adjacent planks, and used joggles, small notches cut along plank edges to fit precisely into a recess on an adjacent plank, to effectively stop slippage. Egyptian boats were intended to be taken apart...”
↑  Iconography and the Interpretation of Ancient Egyptian Watercraft, by Noreen Doyle, 1998. Digitized by Texas A & M University, 2004, p. 83, retrieved February 25, 2008. نسخة محفوظة 2021-02-28 على موقع واي باك مشين.
بوابة موت
بوابة مصر القديمة
بوابة مصر
صورة أثناء التنقيب القرن الفارط في مصر