إيفان الرهيب
المصادر

↑  С. Середонин (1897). "Иоанн IV Васильевич Грозный". Русский биографический словарь. Том 8, 1897 (بالروسية). 8: 229–271. QID:Q20894166.
↑  Военная энциклопедия (بالروسية), Санкт-Петербург: Иван Дмитриевич Сытин, vol. 11, 1913, QID:Q26160607
↑  Чувашская энциклопедия (بالروسية). Чувашское книжное издательство. 2006. ISBN:978-5-7670-1471-2. QID:Q19909792.
↑  С. Середонин (1897). "Иоанн IV Васильевич Грозный". Русский биографический словарь. Том 8, 1897 (بالروسية). 8: 229–271. QID:Q20894166.
↑  "Василий, имена великих московских князей". Большая советская энциклопедия. Том 9, 1928 (بالروسية). 9: 50. 1928. QID:Q30239582.
↑  "روسيا اليوم - إيفان الرابع أو إيفان الرهيب". مؤرشف من الأصل في 2009-05-08.
↑  
aawsat نسخة محفوظة 18 يناير 2012 على موقع واي باك مشين.
↑  encyclopedia arabiah نسخة محفوظة 29 مارس 2008 على موقع واي باك مشين.
↑  Hays, Jeffrey. Ivan the Terrible (بالإنجليزية). Facts and Details. Archived from the original on 2021-03-02.
↑  "Ivan IV | tsar of Russia". Encyclopedia Britannica (بالإنجليزية). Archived from the original on 2021-03-23.
1 2  Perrie, Maureen; Pavlov, Andrei (10 Jul 2014). Ivan the Terrible (بالإنجليزية). Routledge. ISBN:978-1317894674. Archived from the original on 2021-04-03.
↑  Skrynnikov 2015، صفحة 423, 492–493.
↑  Skrynnikov 2015، صفحة 350, 361-364.
↑  Janet Martin, Medieval Russia:980-1584, (Cambridge University Press, 2007), p. 396
↑  Chaudet، Didier (2009). "When the Bear Confronts the Crescent: Russia and the Jihadist Issue". China and Eurasia Forum Quarterly. Central Asia-Caucasus Institute & Silk Road Studies Program. ج. 7 ع. 2: 37–58. ISSN:1653-4212. It would be convenient to characterize the relationship between Russia and Islam by its history of conquest and tension. After all, the emblem of the Orthodox Church is a cross on top on a crescent. It is said that this symbol was devised by Ivan the Terrible, after the conquest of the city of Kazan, as a symbol of the victory of Christianity over Islam through his soldiers.
↑  "Russian Orthodox Church". Journal of South Asian and Middle Eastern Studies (بالإنجليزية). 17: 4. 1993. Archived from the original on 2020-08-03. Retrieved 2015-05-20. Finally, the Russians, under Ivan the Terrible, defeated the Tatars in 1552 and firmly established Russian rule. In celebration of this conquest, the czar built two churches in the Moscow Kremlin and on the spires of the Church installed the Orthodox Cross over an upside down crescent, the symbol of Islam.
↑  "Church Building and Its Services". Orthodox World. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2015-05-21. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2014-03-28. Sometimes the bottoms of the Crosses found on Russian churches will be adorned with a crescent. In 1486, Tsar Ivan IV (the Terrible) conquered the city of Kazan which had been under the rule of Moslem Tatars, and in remembrance of this, he decreed that from henceforth the Islamic crescent be placed at the bottom of the Crosses to signify the victory of the Cross (Christianity) over the Crescent (Islam).
↑  Halperin، Charles J. (2019). Ivan the Terrible: Free to Reward and Free to Punish. University of Pittsburgh Press. ص. 58. ISBN:978-0-8229-8722-2. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2020-08-03.
↑  Waliszewski، Kazimierz؛ Mary Loyd (1904). Ivan the Terrible. Philadelphia: J.B. Lippincott. ص. 377–78. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2016-05-09.
↑  Zimin, A.A; Khoroshkevich, A.L. (1982). "Отечественные историки о государе Иване IV Грозном". Россия времен Ивана Грозного (بالروسية). Moscow. pp. 147–151. Archived from the original on 2008-03-20. {{استشهاد بكتاب}}: الوسيط |حالة المسار=unknown غير صالح (help)صيانة الاستشهاد: مكان بدون ناشر (link)