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↑  Searbright 1999.
↑  Messier (2010: p.35); Levi-Provençal (1913-38)
1 2  ابن عذاري, Bayan al-Mughrib, quoted in Levtzion and Hopkins (1981:p.226-27); Messier (2010: p.41)
↑  van Hulle (1994: p.10)
↑  ابن أبي زرع (writing 1315) has Marrakesh founded c. 1061, just before the Almoravid campaign against Maghrawa-held Fez, which he dates 1063. ابن عذاري (writing 1313) has Marrakesh founded in 1070, and dates the campaign against Fez in 1072-73. Ibn Abi Zar's chronology was followed by ابن خلدون (wr. 1374-78), and thus given the popularity of Ibn Khaldoun, the c. 1061 date is often cited in Western texts. But أبو عبيد البكري (wr. 1067-67) does not mention Marrakesh, and the anonymous writer of the al-Hulal al-mawshiyya (wr.1381) follows Ibn Idhari's 1070 date. For more details on the dating problem, see Messier (2010: p.201)
↑  Ibn Idhari, as quoted in Levtzion and Hopkins (1981: p.226-27). Messier (2010: pp. xii, 41-42; 53)
↑  Messier (2010: p.53-56), Lamzah (2008: p.57). Some modern texts erroneously suggest Yusuf ibn Tasfhin founded Marrakesh; this is usually a result of mistaken local legend and a careless misstatement in Ibn Khaldun's account.
↑  عبد الرزاق، عمر ازريكم (2016). الغرب الاسلامي من الفتح الى القرن الخامس الهجري (ط. الاولى). مراكش: المطبعة و الوراقة الوطنية. ص. 195–211. ISBN:978-9954-38-625-5.{{استشهاد بكتاب}}:  صيانة الاستشهاد: التاريخ والسنة (link)
↑  Meakin (1901: p.289); Lamzah (2008: p.36)
↑  Messier (2010, pp.42, 59, 85); Julien (1931 (1961 ed): p.82)
↑  Viollet, Pierre-Louis (2 Oct 2017). Water Engineering inAncient Civilizations: 5,000 Years of History (بالإنجليزية). CRC Press. ISBN:978-0-203-37531-0. Archived from the original on 2020-09-30. Retrieved 2020-06-26.
↑  Messier (2010: p.41-42)
↑  Messier (2010: p.85, 87)
↑  Messier (2010, p.122-23)
↑  Messier (2010, p.123-24)
1 2  Messier (2010: p.126)
↑  Cenival (1913-36: p.297; 2007: p.321)
↑  Messier (2010: p.125-26)
↑  Messier (2010: p.126), Wilbaux et al. (1999)
↑  Messier (2010: p.87).
↑  Messier (2010: p.126); the closest city with Jewish quarter was eight miles to the southeast in 'Aghmat Aylana', twin of Aghmat proper ('Aghmat Ourika') (Gottreich, 1987: p.13)
↑  Bosworth (1989: p.592); Park and Boum (1996: p.238)
↑  كتاب الحلل الموشية في ذكر الأخبار المراكشية. مطبعة التقدم،. 1811. ص. 71. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2021-04-22.
↑  Messier (2010: p.143-44). Lamzah (2008: p.56-57) dates their completion to 1126.
↑  Messier (2010: p.168)
↑  Allain، Charles؛ Deverdun، Gaston (1957). "Les portes anciennes de Marrakech". Hespéris. ج. 44: 85–126. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2020-01-14. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2020-05-25.
↑  Bennison، Amira K. (2016). The Almoravid and Almohad Empires. Edinburgh University Press.
1 2 3  Salmon، Xavier (2018). Maroc Almoravide et Almohade: Architecture et décors au temps des conquérants, 1055-1269. Paris: LienArt.
↑  Only the trace of the original Koutoubia remains, but the original look can be deduced from the contemporary still-standing mosques of تينمل and تازة, which were very similar (Julien, 1931: p.126-27)). For a description of Tinmel, see Ewert (1992).
↑  Julien (1931: p.126); Lamzah (2008:p.58)
↑  Montalbano (2008: p.711).
↑  Julien (1931: p.126-29); Casamar Pérez (1992); Ewert (1992)
↑  Barrows 2004.
↑  Cenival (1913-36: p.298; 2007: p.321), Lamzah (2008: p.59)
↑  Cenival (1913-38: p.300; 2007: p.324)
↑  e.g. 1246 letter from إنوسنت الرابع. نسخة محفوظة 2016-04-29 على موقع واي باك مشين.
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