البنجاب (باكستان)
مراجع

↑  "Announcement of Results of 7th Population and Housing Census-2023 (Punjab province)" (PDF). Pakistan Bureau of Statistics (www.pbs.gov.pk). 5 أغسطس 2023. مؤرشف من الأصل (PDF) في 2024-11-23. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2023-11-25.
↑  "GDP OF KHYBER PUKHTUNKHWA'S DISTRICTS" (PDF). kpbos.gov.pk. مؤرشف من الأصل (PDF) في 2024-11-30.
↑  "Report for Selected Countries and Subjects". مؤرشف من الأصل في 2024-09-16.
↑  "Sub-national HDI – Subnational HDI – Global Data Lab". Globaldatalab.org. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2024-12-10. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2022-06-05.
1 2  "KP Achieves Highest Literacy Rate Growth Among All Provinces". Propakistani. 9 يونيو 2022. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2024-09-11.
↑  "Provincial Assembly – Punjab". مؤرشف من الأصل في 2009-02-01.
↑  "'Wrong number' couple fight India deportation". BBC News. 4 سبتمبر 2023. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2024-12-05.
1 2  Government of the Punjab – Planning & Development Department (مارس 2015). "PUNJAB GROWTH STRATEGY 2018 Accelerating Economic Growth and Improving Social Outcomes" (PDF). مؤرشف (PDF) من الأصل في 2017-03-29. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2016-07-14. The industrial sector of Punjab employs around 23% of the province's labour force and contributes 24% to the provincial GDP
1 2  Farooqui، Tashkeel (20 يونيو 2016). "Northern Punjab, urban Sindh people more prosperous than rest of country: report". The Express Tribune. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2016-07-24. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2016-07-14.
↑  Arif، G. M. "Poverty Profile of Pakistan" (PDF). Benazir Income Support Programme. Government of Pakistan. مؤرشف من الأصل (PDF) في 2016-12-13. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2016-07-14. Among the four provinces, the highest incidence of poverty is found in Sindh (45%), followed by Balochistan (44%), Khyber Pakhtukhaw (KP) (37%) and Punjab (21%)
↑  Arif، G. M. "Poverty Profile of Pakistan" (PDF). Benazir Income Support Programme. Government of Pakistan. مؤرشف من الأصل (PDF) في 2016-12-13. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2016-07-14. See Table 5, Page 12 "Sialkot District"
1 2  Arif، G. M. "Poverty Profile of Pakistan" (PDF). Benazir Income Support Programme. Government of Pakistan. مؤرشف من الأصل (PDF) في 2016-12-13. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2016-07-14. See Table 5, Page 12 "Rajanpur District"
↑  Government of the Punjab – Planning & Development Department (مارس 2015). "PUNJAB GROWTH STRATEGY 2018 Accelerating Economic Growth and Improving Social Outcomes" (PDF). مؤرشف (PDF) من الأصل في 2017-03-29. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2016-07-14. Punjab is among the most urbanized regions of South Asia and is experiencing a consistent and long-term demographic shift of the population to urban regions and cities, with around 40% of the province's population living in urban areas
1 2  "TABLE 9 – POPULATION BY SEX, RELIGION AND RURAL/URBAN" (PDF). مؤرشف من الأصل (PDF) في 2024-12-08. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2023-01-23.
1 2  Margaret Kleffner Nydell Understanding Arabs: A Guide For Modern Times, Intercultural Press, 2005, (ردمك 1-931930-25-2), page xxiii, 14 نسخة محفوظة 2023-12-28 على موقع واي باك مشين.
↑  Suvorova, Anna (22 Jul 2004). Muslim Saints of South Asia: The Eleventh to Fifteenth Centuries (بالإنجليزية). Routledge. p. 220. ISBN:978-1-134-37006-1. Archived from the original on 2023-09-23.
↑  Köprülü, Mehmet Fuat (2006). Early Mystics in Turkish Literature (بالإنجليزية). Psychology Press. p. 79. ISBN:978-0-415-36686-1. Archived from the original on 2023-08-12.
↑  PARIHAR، SUBHASH (2001). "The Dargāh of Bābā Ḥājī Ratan at Bhatinda". Islamic Studies. ج. 40 ع. 1: 105–132. ISSN:0578-8072. JSTOR:20837077. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2024-12-03.
↑  Snehi, Yogesh (24 Apr 2019). Spatializing Popular Sufi Shrines in Punjab: Dreams, Memories, Territoriality (بالإنجليزية). Taylor & Francis. p. 190. ISBN:978-0-429-51563-7.
↑  Iqbal، Sir Muhammad؛ Zakaria، Rafiq (1981)، Shikwa and Jawab-i-shikwa (بالإنجليزية والأوردية)، ترجمة: Singh، Khushwant، Oxford University Press، ISBN:978-0-19-561324-7، مؤرشف من الأصل في 2023-01-04، "Iqbal it is true, is essentially a poet of Islam" (from the foreword by Rafiq Zakaria, p. 9)
↑  Justice Dr. Nasim Hasan Shah, "Role of Iqbal in the creation of Pakistan" in The All-Pakistan Legal Decisions, Volume 35, Part 1, 1983, p. 208
↑  Lelyveld، David (2004)، "Muhammad Iqbal"، في Martin، Richard C. (المحرر)، Encyclopedia of Islam and the Muslim World: A-L، Macmillan، ص. 356، ISBN:978-0-02-865604-5، Muhammad Iqbal, South Asian poet and ideological innovator, wrote poetry in Urdu and Persian and discursive prose, primarily in English, of particular significance in the formulation of a national ethos for Pakistan.
↑  Schimmel 1963، p. 37: Iqbal's mother-tongue was Panjabi, and even in his later poetry now and then a Panjabi-inspired expression occurs.
↑  Jalal, Ayesha (4 Jan 2002). Self and Sovereignty: Individual and Community in South Asian Islam Since 1850 (بالإنجليزية). Routledge. p. 166. ISBN:978-1-134-59937-0. Archived from the original on 2024-07-17. A Muslim, an Indian and a Punjabi of Kashmiri ancestry, all at the same time, Iqbal's own individuality and sense of community was shaped in equal measure by these multiple affiliations.
↑  Sevea، Iqbal Singh (2012). The Political Philosophy of Muhammad Iqbal: Islam and Nationalism in Late Colonial India. Cambridge University Press. ص. 16. ISBN:978-1-139-53639-4. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2023-04-15.
↑  Macauliffe، Max Arthur (2004) [1909]. The Sikh Religion – Its Gurus, Sacred Writings and Authors. India: Low Price Publications. ISBN:81-86142-31-2.
↑  Singh، Khushwant (2006). The Illustrated History of the Sikhs. India: Oxford University Press. ص. 12–13. ISBN:0-19-567747-1.
↑  Malik، Iftikhar Haider (2008). The History of Pakistan. Greenwood Publishing Group.
↑  "Katas Raj Temples". Temple Darshan. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2016-08-18. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2016-07-14.
↑  "Properties inscribed on the World Heritage List (Pakistan)". UNESCO. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2016-07-04. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2016-07-14.
↑  H K Manmohan Siṅgh. "The Punjab". The Encyclopedia of Sikhism, Editor-in-Chief Harbans Singh. Punjabi University, Patiala. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2016-03-05. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2015-08-18.
↑  Gandhi، Rajmohan (2013). Punjab: A History from Aurangzeb to Mountbatten. New Delhi, India, Urbana, إلينوي: Aleph Book Company. ص. 1 ("Introduction"). ISBN:978-93-83064-41-0.
↑  "Punjab." Pp. 107 in تاريخ الموسوعة البريطانية, vol. 20.
↑  Kenneth Pletcher، المحرر (2010). The Geography of India: Sacred and Historic Places. Britannica Educational Publishing. ص. 199. ISBN:978-1-61530-202-4. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2022-12-21. The word's origin can perhaps be traced to panca nada, Sanskrit for "five rivers" and the name of a region mentioned in the ancient epic the Mahabharata.
↑  Rajesh Bala (2005). "Foreign Invasions and their Effect on Punjab". في Sukhdial Singh (المحرر). Punjab History Conference, Thirty-seventh Session, March 18–20, 2005: Proceedings. Punjabi University. ص. 80. ISBN:978-81-7380-990-3. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2022-12-21. The word Punjab is a compound of two words-Panj (Five) and aab (Water), thus signifying the land of five waters or rivers. This origin can perhaps be traced to panch nada, Sanskrit for "Five rivers" the word used before the advent of Muslims with a knowledge of Persian to describe the meeting point of the Jhelum, Chenab, Ravi, Beas, and Sutlej rivers, before they joined the Indus.
↑  Grenet، Frantz (2005). "An Archaeologist's Approach to Avestan Geography". في Curtis، Vesta Sarkhosh؛ Stewart، Sarah (المحررون). Birth of the Persian Empire Volume I. I.B.Tauris. ص. 34. ISBN:978-0-7556-2459-1.
↑  كريستيان لاسين. 1827. Commentatio Geographica atque Historica de Pentapotamia Indica نسخة محفوظة 18 November 2022 على موقع واي باك مشين. [A Geographical and Historical Commentary on Indian Pentapotamia]. Weber. p. 4: "That part of India which today we call by the Persian name ''Penjab'' is named Panchanada in the sacred language of the Indians; either of which names may be rendered in Greek by Πενταποταμια. The Persian origin of the former name is not at all in doubt, although the words of which it is composed are both Indian and Persian.... But, in truth, that final word is never, to my knowledge, used by the Indians in proper names compounded in this way; on the other hand, there exist multiple Persian names which end with that word, e.g., Doab and Nilab. Therefore, it is probable that the name Penjab, which is today found in all geographical books, is of more recent origin and is to be attributed to the Muslim kings of India, among whom the Persian language was mostly in use. That the Indian name Panchanada is ancient and genuine is evident from the fact that it is already seen in the Ramayana and Mahabharata, the most ancient Indian poems, and that no other exists in addition to it among the Indians; for Panchála, which English translations of the Ramayana render with Penjab...is the name of another region, entirely distinct from Pentapotamia...."
↑  Latif، Syad Muhammad (1891). History of the Panjáb from the Remotest Antiquity to the Present Time. Calcultta Central Press Company. ص. 1. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2022-12-21. The Panjáb, the Pentapotamia of the Greek historians, the north-western region of the empire of Hindostán, derives its name from two Persian words, panj (five), an áb (water), having reference to the five rivers which confer on the country its distinguishing features."
↑  Khalid، Kanwal (2015). "Lahore of Pre Historic Era" (PDF). Journal of the Research Society of Pakistan. ج. 52 ع. 2: 73. مؤرشف (PDF) من الأصل في 2022-08-11. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2019-01-20. The earliest mention of five rivers in the collective sense was found in Yajurveda and a word Panchananda was used, which is a Sanskrit word to describe a land where five rivers meet. [...] In the later period, the word Pentapotamia was used by the Greeks to identify this land. (Penta means 5 and potamia, water ___ the land of five rivers) Muslim Historians implied the word "Punjab" for this region. Again, it was not a new word because in Persian-speaking areas, there are references of this name given to any particular place where five rivers or lakes meet.
↑  Singh 1989، صفحة 1.
1 2 3 4 5  Minahan, James (2012). Ethnic Groups of South Asia and the Pacific: An Encyclopedia (بالإنجليزية). ABC-CLIO. pp. 257–259. ISBN:978-1-59884-659-1. Archived from the original on 2022-11-18. Retrieved 2022-08-21.
↑  Flood 1996، صفحة 37.
↑  André-Salvini, Béatrice (2005). Forgotten Empire: The World of Ancient Persia (بالإنجليزية). University of California Press. ISBN:978-0-520-24731-4. Archived from the original on 2022-11-18. Retrieved 2022-02-14.
↑  Samad, Rafi U. (2011). The Grandeur of Gandhara: The Ancient Buddhist Civilization of the Swat, Peshawar, Kabul and Indus Valleys (بالإنجليزية). Algora Publishing. ISBN:978-0-87586-859-2. Archived from the original on 2024-09-21.
1 2  Bosworth، Albert Brian (1993). "The campaign of the Hydaspes". Conquest and Empire: The Reign of Alexander the Great. Cambridge University Press. ص. 125–130.
↑  Rogers، صفحة 200.
1 2  Bosworth، Albert Brian (1993). "From the Hydaspes to the Southern Ocean". Conquest and Empire: The Reign of Alexander the Great. Cambridge University Press.
↑  Anson، Edward M. (2013). Alexander the Great: Themes and Issues. Bloomsbury. ص. 151. ISBN:9781441193797.
↑  Roy 2004، صفحات 23–28.
1 2 3 4  Amjad 1989، صفحة .
↑  "Tareekh-e-Pakistan (Wasti Ahad)". Yahya Amjad (بالإنجليزية الأمريكية). Archived from the original on 2024-08-31. Retrieved 2023-11-21.
↑  "Arrian. Indica. English | The Online Books Page". onlinebooks.library.upenn.edu. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2024-07-07. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2022-09-01.
↑  Hazel، John (2013). Who's Who in the Greek World. Routledge. ص. 155. ISBN:9781134802241. Menander king in India, known locally as Milinda, born at a village named Kalasi near Alasanda (Alexandria-in-the-Caucasus), and who was himself the son of a king. After conquering the Punjab, where he made Sagala his capital, he made an expedition across northern India and visited Patna, the capital of the Mauraya empire, though he did not succeed in conquering this land as he appears to have been overtaken by wars on the north-west frontier with Eucratides.
↑  Ahir، D. C. (1971). Buddhism in the Punjab, Haryana, and Himachal Pradesh. Maha Bodhi Society of India. ص. 31. OCLC:1288206. Demetrius died in 166 B.C., and Apollodotus, who was a near relation of the King died in 161 B.C. After his death, Menander carved out a kingdom in Punjab. Thus from 161 B.C. onward Menander was the ruler of Punjab till his death in 145 B.C. or 130 B.C.
↑  "Menander | Indo-Greek king". الموسوعة البريطانية. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2024-10-07. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2021-09-06.
↑  Hudud, al-Alam (1970). Hudud Al-Alam, 'the Regions of the World': A Persian Geography, 327A.H. – 982A.D (بالإنجليزية). Luzac. Archived from the original on 2023-04-03.
↑  Rambo، Lewis R.؛ Farhadian، Charles E. (6 مارس 2014). The Oxford Handbook of Religious Conversion. Oxford University Press. ص. 489–491. ISBN:978-0-19-971354-7. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2023-09-27. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2022-08-11. First, Islam was introduced into the southern Punjab in the opening decades of the eighth century. By the sixteenth century, Muslims were the majority in the region and an elaborate network of mosques and mausoleums marked the landscape. Local converts constituted the majority of this Muslim community, and as far for the mechanisms of conversion, the sources of the period emphasize the recitation of the Islamic confession of faith (shahada), the performance of the circumsicion (indri vaddani), and the ingestion of cow-meat (bhas khana).
↑  Rahman، Abdul (2002). "New Light on the Khingal, Turk and the Hindu Sahis" (PDF). Ancient Pakistan. ج. XV: 37–42. مؤرشف من الأصل (PDF) في 2024-09-21. The Hindu Śāhis were therefore neither Bhattis, or Janjuas, nor Brahmans. They were simply Uḍis/Oḍis. It can now be seen that the term Hindu Śāhi is a misnomer and, based as it is merely upon religious discrimination, should be discarded and forgotten. The correct name is Uḍi or Oḍi Śāhi dynasty.
↑  Meister، Michael W. (2005). "The Problem of Platform Extensions at Kafirkot North" (PDF). Ancient Pakistan. ج. XVI: 41–48. مؤرشف من الأصل (PDF) في 2024-09-12. Rehman (2002: 41) makes a good case for calling the Hindu Śāhis by a more accurate name, "Uḍi Śāhis".
↑  Rehman 1976، صفحات 48–50.
↑  MacLean, Derryl N. (1989). Religion and Society in Arab Sind (بالإنجليزية). BRILL. ISBN:978-90-04-08551-0. Archived from the original on 2023-04-03.
↑  Mehta, Jaswant Lal (1979). Advanced Study in the History of Medieval India (بالإنجليزية). Sterling Publishers Pvt. Ltd. p. 76. ISBN:978-81-207-0617-0. Archived from the original on 2023-09-27.
1 2  Richard M. Eaton (2019). India in the Persianate Age: 1000–1765. University of California Press. ص. 117. ISBN:978-0520325128.
↑  Jackson 2003، صفحة 103.
1 2  Kumar 2020، صفحة 583.
↑  V. D. Mahajan (2007). History of Medieval India. S. Chand. ص. 229. ISBN:9788121903646. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2023-04-04. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2023-03-19.
↑  Kenneth Pletcher (2010). The History of India. The Rosen Publishing Group. ص. 132. ISBN:9781615301225. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2023-04-04. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2023-03-19.
↑  Proceedings:Volume 55. Indian History Congress. 1995. ص. 216. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2023-04-04. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2023-03-19.
↑  Mahajan 2007، صفحة 237.
↑  Rajasthan [district Gazetteers] Bharatpur. Printed at Government Central Press. 1971. ص. 52. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2023-04-04. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2023-03-19.
↑  Lal, Kishori Saran (1980). Twilight of the Sultanate: A Political, Social and Cultural History of the Sultanate of Delhi from the Invasion of Timur to the Conquest of Babur 1398-1526 (بالإنجليزية). Munshiram Manoharlal. ISBN:978-81-215-0227-6. Archived from the original on 2023-03-09. Retrieved 2023-03-09. This considerably depleted Iqbal's strength and encouraged Khizr Khan to collect his forces of Multan, Deopalpur and the Punjab
↑  V. D. Mahajan (2007). History of Medieval India. S. Chand. ص. 240. ISBN:978-81-219-0364-6. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2023-04-04. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2023-03-19.
↑  Iqtidar Alam Khan (2008). Historical Dictionary of Medieval India. Scarecrow Press. ص. 103. ISBN:978-0-8108-5503-8. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2023-04-04. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2023-03-19.
↑  Mahajan 2007، صفحة 244.
↑  Ahmed، Iftikhar (1984). "Territorial Distribution of Jatt Castes in Punjab c. 1595 – c. 1881". Proceedings of the Indian History Congress. Indian History Congress. ج. 45: 429, 432. ISSN:2249-1937. JSTOR:44140224. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2022-07-28. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2022-07-28.
↑  Mubārak، A.F.؛ Blochmann، H. (1891). The Ain I Akbari. Bibliotheca Indica. Asiatic Society of Bengal. ص. 321. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2023-02-09. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2022-07-28.
↑  Lambrick، H. T. (1975). Sind : a general introduction. Hyderabad: Sindhi Adabi Board. ص. 212. ISBN:0-19-577220-2. OCLC:2404471.
↑  Roseberry، J.R. (1987). Imperial Rule in Punjab: The Conquest and Administration of Multan, 1818–1881. Manohar. ص. 177. ISBN:978-81-85054-28-5. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2022-11-18. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2022-07-28.
↑  N. A. Baloch؛ A. Q. Rafiqi (1998). "Chapter 15. The Regions Of Sind, Baluchistan, Multan And Kashmir: The Historical, Social And Economic Setting" (PDF). في M. S. Asimov؛ C. E. Bosworth (المحررون). History of Civilizations of Central Asia: Age of Achievement, 750 AD to the End of the 15th Century. يونسكو. ص. 305. ISBN:978-92-3-103467-1. مؤرشف (PDF) من الأصل في 2022-03-06. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2023-01-22.
↑  Journal of Central Asia. Centre for the Study of the Civilizations of Central Asia, Quaid-i-Azam University. 1992. ص. 84. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2023-03-07. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2022-07-30. Sadullah Khan was the son of Amir Bakhsh a cultivator of Chiniot . He belongs to Jat family. He was born on Thursday, the 10th Safar 1000 A.H./1591 A.C.
↑  Quddus، S.A. (1992). Punjab, the Land of Beauty, Love, and Mysticism. Royal Book Company. ص. 402. ISBN:978-969-407-130-5. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2022-11-18. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2022-07-29.
1 2  Siddiqui، Shabbir A. (1986). "Relations Between Dara Shukoh and Sa'adullah Khan". Proceedings of the Indian History Congress. ج. 47: 273–276. ISSN:2249-1937. JSTOR:44141552. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2022-04-22. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2022-08-11.
↑  Koch، Ebba (2006). The complete Taj Mahal : and the riverfront gardens of Agra. Richard André. Barraud. London: Thames & Hudson. ص. 45. ISBN:978-0-500-34209-1. OCLC:69022179. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2022-11-18. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2022-08-11.
↑  Chhabra, G.S. (2005). Advance Study in the History of Modern India (Volume-1: 1707–1803) (بالإنجليزية). Lotus Press. p. 38. ISBN:978-81-89093-06-8. Archived from the original on 2023-03-01.
↑  Chisti, AA Sheikh Md Asrarul Hoque (2012). "Shahbaz Khan". في Sirajul Islam؛ Miah، Sajahan؛ Khanam، Mahfuza؛ Ahmed، Sabbir (المحررون). بنغلابيديا (ط. Online). Dhaka, Bangladesh: Banglapedia Trust, الجمعية الآسيوية في بنغلاديش. ISBN:984-32-0576-6. OCLC:52727562. OL:30677644M. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2025-01-18.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11  Minahan, James (2012). Ethnic Groups of South Asia and the Pacific: An Encyclopedia (بالإنجليزية). ABC-CLIO. pp. 257–259. ISBN:978-1-59884-659-1. Archived from the original on 2023-09-27. Retrieved 2022-08-21.
↑  "Ranjit Singh: A Secular Sikh Sovereign by K.S. Duggal. (Date:1989. ISBN 8170172446)". Exoticindiaart.com. 3 سبتمبر 2015. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2008-06-17. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2009-08-09.
↑  Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Ranjit Singh" . Encyclopædia Britannica (بالإنجليزية) (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. Vol. 22. p. 892.
↑  Grewal، J. S. (1990). The Sikhs of the Punjab, Chapter 6: The Sikh empire (1799–1849). The New Cambridge History of India. Cambridge University Press. ISBN:0-521-63764-3. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2023-09-27. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2019-10-29.
↑  أماريندر سينغ's The Last Sunset: The Rise and Fall of the Lahore Durbar
↑  Grewal، J. S. (1998). "The Sikh empire (1799–1849) - Chapter 6". The Sikhs of the Punjab. The New Cambridge History of India (ط. Revised). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ص. 126–128. ISBN:0-521-63764-3.
↑  Hibbert، Christopher (1980). The great mutiny: India 1857. Harmondsworth: Penguin Books. ISBN:978-0-14-004752-3.
↑  "Pakistan Geotagging: Partition of Punjab in 1947". 3 أكتوبر 2014. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2016-02-08. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2016-02-11.. Daily Times (10 May 2012). Retrieved 12 July 2013.
↑  Talbot، Ian (2009). "Partition of India: The Human Dimension". Cultural and Social History. ج. 6 ع. 4: 403–410. DOI:10.2752/147800409X466254. ISSN:1478-0038. S2CID:147110854. The number of casualties remains a matter of dispute, with figures being claimed that range from 200,000 to 2 million victims.
↑  D'Costa، Bina (2011). Nationbuilding, Gender and War Crimes in South Asia. Routledge. ص. 53. ISBN:978-0415565660.
↑  Butalia، Urvashi (2000). The Other Side of Silence: Voices From the Partition of India. Duke University Press. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2016-03-25. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2021-09-01.
↑  Sikand، Yoginder (2004). Muslims in India Since 1947: Islamic Perspectives on Inter-Faith Relations. Routledge. ص. 5. ISBN:978-1134378258.
↑  Dyson 2018، صفحات 188–189.
↑  "Punjab". Small and Medium Enterprises Development Authority. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2016-06-25. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2016-07-14.
1 2  Ali، Choudhary Rahmat (28 يناير 1933). "Now or Never. Are we to live or perish forever?". مؤرشف من الأصل في 2008-06-30. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2014-10-06.
1 2  S. M. Ikram (1 يناير 1995). Indian Muslims and partition of India. Atlantic Publishers & Dist. ص. 177–. ISBN:978-81-7156-374-6. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2013-05-21. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2011-12-23.
↑  "Mercury drops to freezing point – Dawn Pakistan". 6 يناير 2007.
↑  "Welcome to Official Web site of Punjab, India". مؤرشف من الأصل في 2005-11-23. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2005-11-23.
↑  The figures for 1998 are from pop by province – statpak.gov.pk. The estimates for 2012 are from Population shoots up by 47 percent since 1998 نسخة محفوظة 1 July 2012 على موقع واي باك مشين.. Thenews.com.pk. Retrieved on 12 July 2013.
↑  India. Census Commissioner 1941، صفحة 8.
↑  "TABLE 11 : POPULATION BY MOTHER TONGUE, SEX AND RURAL/URBAN, CENSUS-2023" (PDF). مؤرشف من الأصل (PDF) في 2024-12-02. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2020-04-02.
↑  Shackle 1979، صفحة 198.
↑  Khan, Muhammad Kamal (8 Apr 2020). Pashto Phonology: An Evaluation of the Relationship between Syllable Structure and Word Order (بالإنجليزية). Cambridge Scholars Publishing. p. 20. ISBN:978-1-5275-4925-8. Archived from the original on 2022-12-29. In some cities of Punjab, such as Attock, Mianwali and Rawalpindi, Pashto is spoken among other local languages.
1 2 3 4 5 6  "7th Population and Housing Census - Detailed Results Table-9 Population by sex, religion and rural/urban". Pakistan Bureau of Statistics. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2024-12-03. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2024-08-06.
↑  "Census of India, 1881 Report on the Census of the Panjáb Taken on the 17th of February 1881, vol. I." 1881. JSTOR:saoa.crl.25057656. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2024-09-28. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2024-04-07.
↑  "Census of India, 1881 Report on the Census of the Panjáb Taken on the 17th of February 1881, vol. II". 1881. ص. 14. JSTOR:saoa.crl.25057657. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2024-09-26. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2024-04-07.
↑  "Census of India, 1881 Report on the Census of the Panjáb Taken on the 17th of February 1881, vol. III". 1881. ص. 14. JSTOR:saoa.crl.25057658. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2024-01-20. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2024-04-07.
↑  "Gazetteers Of Gurdaspur District, 1883-84". 1884. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2024-04-07.
↑  "Census of India, 1891 The Punjab and its feudatories, part I--The report on the census". 1891. JSTOR:saoa.crl.25318668. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2024-12-02. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2024-11-30.
↑  "Census of India, 1891 The Punjab and its feudatories, part II--Imperial Tables and Supplementary Returns for the British Territory". 1891. ص. 14. JSTOR:saoa.crl.25318669. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2024-10-07. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2024-11-30.
↑  "Census of India, 1891 The Punjab and its feudatories, part III--Imperial Tables and Supplementary Returns for the Native States, Together with a Caste Index". 1891. ص. 8. JSTOR:saoa.crl.25318670. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2020-06-27. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2024-11-30.
↑  "Gazetteer of the Gurdaspur district, 1891-92". 1892. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2024-11-30.
↑  "Census of India 1901. [Vol. 17A]. Imperial tables, I-VIII, X-XV, XVII and XVIII for the Punjab, with the native states under the political control of the Punjab Government, and for the North-west Frontier Province". 1901. ص. 34. JSTOR:saoa.crl.25363739. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2024-12-03. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2024-03-10.
↑  "Punjab District Gazetteers Gurdaspur District Vol.21 Statistical Tables". 1913. ص. 62. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2024-03-10.
↑  "Census of India 1911. Vol. 14, Punjab. Pt. 2, Tables". 1911. ص. 27. JSTOR:saoa.crl.25393788. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2024-10-08. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2024-03-03.
↑  Kaul, Harikishan (1911). "Census Of India 1911 Punjab Vol XIV Part II". ص. 27. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2024-03-03.
↑  "Census of India 1921. Vol. 15, Punjab and Delhi. Pt. 2, Tables". 1921. ص. 29. JSTOR:saoa.crl.25430165. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2024-10-07. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2024-02-17.
↑  "Census of India 1931. Vol. 17, Punjab. Pt. 2, Tables". 1931. ص. 277. JSTOR:saoa.crl.25793242. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2024-10-08. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2024-02-04.
↑  India. Census Commissioner 1941، صفحة 42.
↑  "Census of Pakistan, 1951 Population According to Religion Table 6". مؤرشف من الأصل في 2024-12-08. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2024-02-11.
↑  "Population Distribution by Religion, 1998 Census" (PDF). مؤرشف من الأصل (PDF) في 2023-01-23. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2023-01-23.
↑  "SALIENT FEATURES OF FINAL RESULTS CENSUS-2017" (PDF). مؤرشف من الأصل (PDF) في 2022-04-07. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2021-05-20.
↑  "Religious Demographics of Pakistan" (PDF). مؤرشف من الأصل (PDF) في 2024-11-17.
↑  "DISTRICT WISE CENSUS RESULTS CENSUS 2017" (PDF). www.pbscensus.gov.pk. مؤرشف من الأصل (PDF) في 2017-08-29.
↑  "Maryam Nawaz takes oath as first female Punjab CM". www.thenews.com.pk (بالإنجليزية). 26 Feb 2024. Archived from the original on 2024-04-23. Retrieved 2024-02-26.
↑  "Transforming Gender Equality In Pakistani Politics". The Friday Times (بالإنجليزية). 22 Feb 2024. Archived from the original on 2024-04-19. Retrieved 2024-03-14.
↑  "Chapter 2: "Provincial Assemblies" of Part IV: "Provinces"". www.pakistani.org. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2012-09-07. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2022-12-26.
↑  "ECP redraws constituencies for next elections". The Express Tribune (بالإنجليزية). 6 Aug 2022. Archived from the original on 2022-12-31. Retrieved 2022-12-26.
↑  "Provincial Departments | Punjab Portal". punjab.gov.pk. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2015-01-23. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2014-07-22.
1 2  "TABLE 1 : AREA, POPULATION BY SEX, SEX RATIO, POPULATION DENSITY, URBAN POPULATION, HOUSEHOLD SIZE AND ANNUAL GROWTH RATE, CENSUS-2023" (PDF). مؤرشف من الأصل (PDF) في 2024-08-15.
1 2 3  "TABLE 1 : AREA, POPULATION BY SEX, SEX RATIO, POPULATION DENSITY, URBAN POPULATION, HOUSEHOLD SIZE AND ANNUAL GROWTH RATE, CENSUS-2023, PUNJAB" (PDF). مؤرشف من الأصل (PDF) في 2024-11-28.