الأتراك في ألمانيا
مراجع

↑  "Zensusdatenbank - Ergebnisse des Zensus 2011". مؤرشف من الأصل في 2019-05-27. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2015-04-25.
1 2  Martin، Philip L. (2004)، "Germany: Managing Migration in the Twenty-First Century"، في Cornelius، Wayne A. (المحرر)، Controlling Immigration: A Global Perspective، Stanford University Press، ص. 246، ISBN:0804744904، Chancellor Helmut Kohl warned [in 1997]: "If we today give in to demands for dual citizenship, we would soon have four, five, or six million Turks in Germany instead of three million".
↑  German Missions in the United States. "Immigration and Cultural Issues between Germany and its Turkish Population Remain Complex". مؤرشف من الأصل في 2016-07-12. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2016-10-29. With a population of roughly 4 million within Germany's borders, Turks make up Germany's largest minority demographic.
1 2  Conradt، David P.؛ Langenbacher، Eric (2013)، The German Polity، Rowman & Littlefield Publishers، ص. 114–115، ISBN:1442216468، Turks are by far the largest minority group, with 2.5 to 4 million residents of Germany having full or partly Turkish ancestry.
1 2 3 4  Curtis، Michael (2013)، Jews, Antisemitism, and the Middle East، Transaction Publishers، ص. 69، ISBN:1412851416، In Germany today about three to four million Turks, about 5 percent of the total population, reside.
1 2  Kötter، I؛ Vonthein، R؛ Günaydin، I؛ Müller، C؛ Kanz، L؛ Zierhut، M؛ Stübiger، N (2003)، "Behçet's Disease in Patients of German and Turkish Origin- A Comparative Study"، في Zouboulis، Christos (ed) (المحرر)، Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, Volume 528، Springer، ص. 55، ISBN:0-306-47757-2، Today, more than 4 million people of Turkish origin are living in Germany. {{استشهاد}}: |محرر-الأول= باسم عام (مساعدة)
1 2  Rizvi، Kishwar (2015)، The Transnational Mosque: Architecture and Historical Memory in the Contemporary Middle East، University of North Carolina Press، ص. 36، ISBN:1469621177، ...at least 4 million people of Turkish descent living in Germany.
1 2  Audretsch، David B.؛ Lehmann، Erik E. (2016)، The Seven Secrets of Germany: Economic Resilience in an Era of Global Turbulence، Oxford University Press، ص. 130، ISBN:0190258691، By 2010 the number of Turkish descent living in Germany had increased to four million.
1 2  Weaver-Hightower، Rebecca (2014)، "Introduction"، في Weaver-Hightower، Rebecca؛ Hulme، Peter (المحررون)، Postcolonial Film: History, Empire, Resistance، Routledge، ص. 13، ISBN:1134747276، By the end of the first decade of the twenty-first century there were around four million people of Turkish descent living in Germany...
1 2  Volkan، Vamik D. (2014)، Enemies on the Couch: A Psychopolitical Journey Through War and Peace، Pitchstone Publishing، ISBN:1939578116، Today, for example, it is estimated that more than four million Turks and German citizens with part of full Turkish ancestry live in Germany alone.
1 2  Fernández-Kelly، Patricia (2015)، "Assimilation through Transnationalism: A Theoretical Synthesis"، في Portes، Alejandro؛ Fernández-Kelly، Patricia (المحررون)، The State and the Grassroots: Immigrant Transnational Organizations in Four Continents، Berghahn Books، ص. 305، ISBN:1782387358، Nearly fifty years later, close to four million Turks and their children continue to reside in the margins of German society
1 2  Taras، Raymond (2015)، ""Islamophobia never stands still": race, religion, and culture"، في Nasar، Meer (المحرر)، Racialization and Religion: Race, Culture and Difference in the Study of Antisemitism and Islamophobia، Routledge، ص. 46، ISBN:1317432444، ...about four million Turks are thought to live in Germany.
1 2 3 4  Fischer، Tristan (2015)، History Future Now، Lulu Press، ص. 122، ISBN:132970746X، By 2012 over 4 million people, around 5% of the German population, were of Turkish descent.
1 2  Feltes، Thomas؛ Marquardt، Uwe؛ Schwarz، Stefan (2013)، "Policing in Germany: Developments in the Last 20 Years"، في Mesko، Gorazd؛ Fields، Charles B.؛ Lobnikar، Branko؛ Sotlar، Andrej (المحررون)، Handbook on Policing in Central and Eastern Europe، Springer، ص. 93، ISBN:1461467209، Approximately four million people with Turkish roots are living in Germany at this time [2013].
1 2 3 4  Temel، Bülent (2013)، "Candidacy versus Membership: Is Turkey the Greatest Beneficiary of the European Union?"، The Great Catalyst: European Union Project and Lessons from Greece and Turkey، Lexington Books، ص. 345، ISBN:0739174495، Today, there are nearly four million people with Turkish ancestry in Germany, which makes them the largest minority in Germany (5 percent of 82 million people).
1 2  Szyszkowitz، Tessa (2005)، "Germany"، في Von Hippel، Karin (المحرر)، Europe Confronts Terrorism، Palgrave Macmillan، ص. 53، ISBN:0230524591، A Senior European official in Brussels...remarking..."It is a little late to start the debate about being an immigrant country now, when already seven million Turks live in Germany".
1 2  Darke، Diana (2014)، Eastern Turkey، Bradt Travel Guides، ص. 79، ISBN:184162490X، ...five million in Germany...
1 2  Karanfil، Gökçen؛ Şavk، Serkan (2014)، "An Introduction from the Editors"، في Karanfil، Gökçen؛ Şavk، Serkan (المحررون)، Imaginaries Out of Place: Cinema, Transnationalism and Turkey، Cambridge Scholars Publishing، ص. 3، ISBN:1443868604، Today, with the numbers reaching nearly five million, Germany accommodates the largest Turkey-related population by far in comparison to any other country.
1 2  Markovic، Nina؛ Yasmeen، Samina (2016)، "Engaging Europe's Muslims: The European Union and Muslim Migrants during Eurozone Crisis"، في Yasmeen، Samina؛ Markovic، Nina (المحررون)، Muslim Citizens in the West: Spaces and Agents of Inclusion and Exclusion، Routledge، ص. 65، ISBN:1317091213، Demographic data on religious and ethnic backgrounds is difficult to gather as much of the data collection in Germany is based on nationality by country rather than ethnic group or religion...General consensus, however, suggests that Germany has 82 million residents...of which more than 5 million are considered to be Turkish origin. Many Turks and Kurds came to West Germany between the 1950s and 1970s...
1 2  Hanlon، Bernadette؛ Vicino، Thomas J. (2014)، Global Migration: The Basics، Routledge، ص. 47، ISBN:1134696876، Approximately 1.6 million Turkish immigrants live in Germany, and another 4 million people have at least one parent that was a Turkish immigrant [totalling 5.6 million].
↑  "Erste internationale Studie zur Wertewelt der Deutschen, Deutsch-Türken und Türken" (PDF). Liljeberg. مؤرشف من الأصل (PDF) في 2016-04-25. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2015-05-27.
1 2  Esra Özyürek (6 أغسطس 2016). "Convert Alert: German Muslims and Turkish Christians as Threats to Security in the New Europe". Cambridge University Press. ج. 51 ع. 1: 91–116. JSTOR:27563732. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2022-10-05. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2016-08-22.
↑  Özyürek, Esra. 2005. "The Politics of Cultural Unification, Secularism, and the Place of Islam in the New Europe." American Ethnologist 32 (4): 509–12.
1 2  Byrnes & Katzenstein 2006، 211.
1 2  Jerome & Kimmel 2001، 292.
↑  FAZ:Türkische Migranten in Deutschland (german) نسخة محفوظة 13 أغسطس 2011 على موقع واي باك مشين.
↑  Otto Bardon (ed.), Friedrich der Grosse (Darmstadt, 1982) p. 542. Blanning, "Frederick The Great" in Scott (ed.) Enlightment Absolutism pp. 265-288. Christopher Clark, The Iron Kingdom (London 2006), p. 252-3.
↑  Stowasser، Barbara Freyer (2002)، "The Turks in German: From Sojourners to Citizens"، في Haddad، Yvonne Yazbeck (المحرر)، Muslims in the West: From Sojourners to Citizens، Oxford University Press، ص. 53، ISBN:0198033753
↑  Stowasser 2002، 62.
↑  Pew Research Centre. "5 facts about the Muslim population in Europe". مؤرشف من الأصل في 2017-11-28. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2016-08-21.
↑  Hunter 2002، 29.
↑  اقتصادي. "Old faultlines". مؤرشف من الأصل في 2017-08-31. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2016-08-22.
↑  Frank Gesemann. "Die Integration junger Muslime in Deutschland". Interkultureller Dialog - Islam und Gesellschaft Nr. 5 (year of 2006). Friedrich Ebert Foundation, on p. 9 - the document is written in German نسخة محفوظة 09 سبتمبر 2018 على موقع واي باك مشين.
↑  "Religion und Glauben im Blickpunkt des Zensus 2011" (PDF). Zensus 2011. 2011. مؤرشف من الأصل (PDF) في 2017-09-12.