تسلخ
مراجع

↑  Team, Almaany. "ترجمة و معنى dissection بالعربي في قاموس المعاني. قاموس عربي انجليزي مصطلحات صفحة 1". www.almaany.com (بالإنجليزية). Archived from the original on 2015-07-29. Retrieved 2019-12-05.
↑  McLachlan، John C.؛ Patten، Debra (17 فبراير 2006). "Anatomy teaching: ghosts of the past, present and future". Medical Education. ج. 40 ع. 3: 243–253. DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2929.2006.02401.x. PMID:16483327.
↑  "Interactive Autopsy". Australian Museum. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2018-08-10. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2016-05-10.
↑  Robertson، Hugh J.؛ Paige، John T.؛ Bok، Leonard (12 يوليو 2012). Simulation in Radiology. OUP USA. ص. 15–20. ISBN:9780199764624. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2019-12-30.
↑  von Staden، Heinrich (1992). "The discovery of the body: Human dissection and its cultural contexts in ancient Greece". The Yale Journal of Biology and Medicine. ج. 65 ع. 3: 223–241. PMC:2589595. PMID:1285450.
↑  Ghosh، Sanjib Kumar (1 سبتمبر 2015). "Human cadaveric dissection: a historical account from ancient Greece to the modern era". Anatomy & Cell Biology. ج. 48 ع. 3: 153–169. DOI:10.5115/acb.2015.48.3.153. ISSN:2093-3665. PMC:4582158. PMID:26417475.
↑  "Tragically, the prohibition of human dissection by Rome in 150 BC arrested this progress and few of their findings survived." Arthur Aufderheide, The Scientific Study of Mummies (2003), p. 5
↑  Nutton, Vivian, 'The Unknown Galen', (2002), p. 89
↑  Von Staden, Heinrich, Herophilus (1989), p. 140
↑  Lutgendorf, Philip, Hanuman's Tale: The Messages of a Divine Monkey (2007), p. 348
1 2  Jacob، Tony (2013). "History of teaching anatomy in India: from ancient to modern times". Anatomical Sciences Education. ج. 6 ع. 5: 351–8. DOI:10.1002/ase.1359. PMID:23495119.
1 2 3 4 5 6  Mohammed، Madadin؛ Kharoshah، Magdy (2014). "Autopsy in Islam and current practice in Arab Muslim countries". Journal of Forensic and Legal Medicine.
1 2  Savage-Smith، Emilie (1995). "Attitudes toward dissection in medieval Islam". Journal of the History of Medicine and Allied Sciences. ج. 50 ع. 1: 67–110. DOI:10.1093/jhmas/50.1.67. PMID:7876530.
↑  Ibn Zuhr and the Progress of Surgery, http://muslimheritage.com/article/ibn-zuhr-and-progress-surgery نسخة محفوظة 2018-10-18 على موقع واي باك مشين.
↑  Emilie Savage-Smith (1996), "Medicine", in Roshdi Rashed, ed., Encyclopedia of the History of Arabic Science, Vol. 3, pp. 903–962 [951–952]. Routledge, London and New York.
↑  Al-Dabbagh، S.A. (1978). "Ibn Al-Nafis and the pulmonary circulation". ذا لانسيت. ج. 1 ع. 8074: 1148. DOI:10.1016/s0140-6736(78)90318-5. PMID:77431.
↑  Hajar A Hajar Albinali (2004). "Traditional Medicine Among Gulf Arabs, Part II: Blood-letting". Heart Views. ج. 5 ع. 2: 74–85.
1 2 3  Chavoushi، Seyed Hadi؛ Ghabili، Kamyar؛ Kazemi، Abdolhassan؛ Aslanabadi، Arash؛ Babapour، Sarah؛ Ahmedli، Rafail؛ Golzari، Samad E.J. (أغسطس 2012). "Surgery for Gynecomastia in the Islamic Golden Age: Al-Tasrif of Al-Zahrawi (936-1013 AD)". ISRN Surgery. ج. 2012: 934965. DOI:10.5402/2012/934965. PMC:3459224. PMID:23050167.{{استشهاد بدورية محكمة}}:  صيانة الاستشهاد: دوي مجاني غير معلم (link)
↑  "In the 13th century, the realisation that human anatomy could best be taught by dissection of the human body resulted in its legalisation of publicly dissecting criminals in some European countries between 1283 and 1365" - this was, however, still contrary to the edicts of the Church. Philip Cheung "Public Trust in Medical Research?" (2007), page 36
↑  "Indeed, very early in the thirteenth century, a religious official, namely, Pope Innocent III (1198-1216), ordered the postmortem autopsy of a person whose death was suspicious". Toby Huff, The Rise Of Modern Science (2003), page 195
↑  Philippe Charlier, Isabelle Huynh-Charlier, Joël Poupon, Eloïse Lancelot, Paula F. Campos, Dominique Favier, Gaël-François Jeannel, Maurizio Rippa Bonati, Geoffroy Lorin de la Grandmaison, Christian Hervé (مايو 2014). "A glimpse into the early origins of medieval anatomy through the oldest conserved human dissection (Western Europe, 13th c. A.D.)". Archives of Medical Science. ج. 10 ع. 2: 366–373. DOI:10.5114/aoms.2013.33331. PMC:4042035. PMID:24904674.{{استشهاد بدورية محكمة}}:  صيانة الاستشهاد: أسماء متعددة: قائمة المؤلفين (link)
↑  'While during this period the Church did not forbid human dissections in general, certain edicts were directed at specific practices. These included the Ecclesia Abhorret a Sanguine in 1163 by the Council of Tours and Pope Boniface VIII's command to terminate the practice of dismemberment of slain crusaders' bodies and boiling the parts to enable defleshing for return of their bones. Such proclamations were commonly misunderstood as a ban on all dissection of either living persons or cadavers (Rogers & Waldron, 1986), and progress in anatomical knowledge by human dissection did not thrive in that intellectual climate', Arthur Aufderheide, The Scientific Study of Mummies (2003), p. 5
↑  "Current scholarship reveals that Europeans had considerable knowledge of human anatomy, not just that based on Galen and his animal dissections. For the Europeans had performed significant numbers of human dissections, especially postmortem autopsies during this era", "Many of the autopsies were conducted to determine whether or not the deceased had died of natural causes (disease) or whether there had been foul play, poisoning, or physical assault. Indeed, very early in the thirteenth century, a religious official, namely, Pope Innocent III (1198–1216), ordered the postmortem autopsy of a person whose death was suspicious", Toby Huff, The Rise Of Modern Science (2003), p. 195
↑  Wolfgang Regal؛ Michael Nanut (13 ديسمبر 2007). Vienna – A Doctor's Guide: 15 walking tours through Vienna's medical history. Springer Science & Business Media. ص. 7. ISBN:978-3-211-48952-9. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2020-01-03.
↑  See C. D. O'Malley Andreas Vesalius' Pilgrimage, Isis 45:2, 1954
↑  "Odense Zoo animal dissections: EAZA response". European Association of Zoos and Aquaria. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2016-05-13. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2016-05-15.
↑  "Animals used for scientific purposes". European Union. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2019-05-31. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2016-05-15.
↑  Cheung, pp. 37–44
↑  Cheung, pp. 33, 35
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التصنيفات الطبية:  نظام فهرسة المواضيع الطبية (MeSH): D004210  
المعرفات الخارجية:  نظام اللغة الطبية الموحدة (UMLS CUI): C0012737  المكتبة المركزية القومية في فلورنسا (BNCF): 28831  جستور (JSTOR): dissection  
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ضبط استنادي: وطنية :  المكتبة الوطنية الفرنسية (BnF)  الملف الاستنادي المتكامِل (GND)  المكتبة القومية الإسرائيلية (J9U)  مكتبة الكونغرس (LCNAF) 
بوابة تشريح
بوابة طب
بوابة علم الأحياء
نموذج تشريح هندي يعود لحوالي القرن الثامن عشر