بوغروم إسطنبول
مراجع

↑  Güven, Dilek (6 Sep 2005). "6–7 Eylül Olayları (1)". Radikal (بالتركية). Archived from the original on 2008-09-15.
1 2  de Zayas، Alfred (أغسطس 2007). "The Istanbul Pogrom of 6–7 September 1955 in the Light of International Law". Genocide Studies and Prevention. ج. 2 ع. 2: 137–54. ISSN:1911-0359. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2022-05-19. The Septemvriana satisfies the criteria of article 2 of the 1948 Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide (UNCG) because the intent to destroy in whole or in part the Greek minority in Istanbul was demonstrably present, the pogrom having been orchestrated by the government of Turkish Prime Minister Adnan Menderes. Even if the number of deaths (estimated at thirty-seven) among members of the Greek community was relatively low, the result of the pogrom was the flight and emigration of the Greek minority of Istanbul, which once numbered some 100,000 and was subsequently reduced to a few thousand. The vast destruction of Greek property, businesses, and churches provides evidence of the Turkish authorities' intent to terrorize the Greeks in Istanbul into abandoning the territory, thus eliminating the Greek minority. This practice falls within the ambit of the crime of ethnic cleansing, which the UN General Assembly and the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia have interpreted as constituting a form of genocide... Besides the deaths, thousands were injured; some 200 Greek women were raped, and there are reports that Greek boys were raped as well. Many Greek men, including at least one priest, were subjected to forced circumcision. The riots were accompanied by enormous material damage, estimated by Greek authorities at US$500 million, including the burning of churches and the devastation of shops and private homes. As a result of the pogrom, the Greek minority eventually emigrated from Turkey.
↑  Benlisoy، Foti (2008). "Anti-Greek riots of September 1955 in Constantinople (Istanbul)". Constantinople.ehw.gr. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2021-04-22. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2020-09-08. There is a general consensus that the events broke out on the government's initiative and they were organised in collaboration with the secret police
↑  de Zayas، Alfred (أغسطس 2007). "The Istanbul Pogrom of 6–7 September 1955 in the Light of International Law". Genocide Studies and Prevention. ج. 2 ع. 2: 138. ISSN:1911-0359. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2022-05-19.
↑  http://www.demography-lab.prd.uth.gr/DDAoG/article/cont/ergasies/tsilenis.htm نسخة محفوظة 2021-05-09 على موقع واي باك مشين.
↑  "From “Denying Human Rights and Ethnic Identity” series of Human Rights Watch" نسخة محفوظة 2006-07-07 على موقع واي باك مشين. Human Rights Watch, 2 July 2006.
↑  "Foreign Ministry: 89,000 minorities live in Turkey". Today's Zaman. 15 ديسمبر 2008. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2010-05-01. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2008-12-15.
1 2  Ergil, Doğu. "Past as present", صحيفة حريت 12 September 2005. نسخة محفوظة 2021-08-22 على موقع واي باك مشين.
↑  "Erdoğan'ın sözleri Atina'da yankı buldu". Sabah (بالتركية). 26 May 2009. Archived from the original on 2021-08-26.
↑  Erdogan attacks the past, labels Kemalist ethnic cleansing Fascist, AsiaNews نسخة محفوظة 2021-08-23 على موقع واي باك مشين.
↑  Barsoumian، Hagop (1982)، "The Dual Role of the Armenian Amira Class within the Ottoman Government and the Armenian Millet (1750–1850)"، في Braude، Benjamin؛ Lewis، Bernard (المحررون)، Christians and Jews in the Ottoman Empire: The Functioning of a Plural Society، New York: Holmes & Meier، ج. I
↑  Barsoumian، Hagop (1997)، "The Eastern Question and the Tanzimat Era"، في Hovannisian، Richard G (المحرر)، The Armenian People From Ancient to Modern Times، New York: St. Martin's، ج. II: Foreign Dominion to Statehood: The Fifteenth Century to the Twentieth Century، ص. 175–201، ISBN:0-312-10168-6، مؤرشف من الأصل في 2022-05-10
↑  Magra، Iliana (5 نوفمبر 2020). "Greeks in Istanbul keeping close eye on developments". www.ekathimerini.com. Ekathimerini. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2021-08-31. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2020-12-01.
↑  Mariana, Correia; Letizia, Dipasquale; Saverio, Mecca (2014). VERSUS: Heritage for Tomorrow (بالإنجليزية). Firenze University Press. p. 69. ISBN:9788866557418. Archived from the original on 2023-03-28.
↑  Kuyucu, Ali Tuna (2005). "Ethno-religious 'unmixing' of 'Turkey': 6–7 September riots as a case in Turkish nationalism". Nations and Nationalism  ‏. ج. 11 ع. 3: 361–380. DOI:10.1111/j.1354-5078.2005.00209.x.{{استشهاد بدورية محكمة}}:  صيانة الاستشهاد: علامات ترقيم زائدة (link)
↑  Λιμπιτσιούνη، Ανθή Γ. "Το πλέγμα των ελληνοτουρκικών σχέσεων και η ελληνική μειονότητα στην Τουρκία, οι Έλληνες της Κωνσταντινούπολης της Ίμβρου και της Τενέδου" (PDF). University of Thessaloniki. ص. 56. مؤرشف من الأصل (PDF) في 2022-04-08. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2011-10-03.
↑  Güven, Dilek (7 Sep 2005). "6-7 Eylül Olayları (2)". Radikal (بالتركية). Archived from the original on 2009-04-25. Retrieved 2008-12-09.
↑  Ferentinou، Ariana (19 سبتمبر 2005). "Sept. 6-7 in the Greek media - Part II". صحيفة حريت. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2013-01-13. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2008-10-26.
↑  Hür, Ayşe (7 Sep 2008). "6-7 Eylül'de devletin 'muhteşem örgütlenmesi'". تراف (بالتركية). Archived from the original on 2014-09-11. Retrieved 2008-09-21.
↑  Güven, Dilek (6 Sep 2005). "6–7 Eylül Olayları (1)". Radikal (بالتركية). Archived from the original on 2016-03-06.
↑  ألم الخريف.. قصة طرد اليونانيين من اسطنبول قبل 50 عاماً نسخة محفوظة 14 يوليو 2017 على موقع واي باك مشين.
خارطة توضح الأهداف الرئيسيَّة لِأعمال الشغب التي اندلعت في إسطنبول سنة 1955.