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فهرس الإحالات

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[جـ] الكيلاني (2001)، ص. 111.
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"1960: Metal oxide semiconductor (mos) transistor demonstrated: John Atalla and Dawon Kahng fabricate working transistors and demonstrate the first successful mos field-effect amplifier". Computer History Museum (بالإنجليزية). Archived from the original on 2019-10-27. Retrieved 2024-06-19.
↑  Ian Young (12 Dec 2018). "Transistors Keep Moore's Law Alive". EE Times (بالإنجليزية). Archived from the original on 2024-04-21. Retrieved 2024-06-18.
↑  David Laws (4 Dec 2013). "Who invented the transistor?". Computer History Museum (بالإنجليزية). Archived from the original on 2013-12-13. Retrieved 2023-06-19.
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↑  "1959: Practical monolithic integrated circuit concept patented: Robert Noyce builds on jean hoerni's planar process to patent a monolithic integrated circuit structure that can be manufactured in high volume". Computer History Museum (بالإنجليزية). Archived from the original on 2019-10-24. Retrieved 2024-06-20.
↑  "1964: First commercial MOS IC introduced: General microelectronics uses a metal-oxide-semiconductor (MOS) process to pack more transistors on a chip than bipolar ICs and builds the first calculator chip set using the technology". Computer History Museum (بالإنجليزية). Archived from the original on 2015-12-22. Retrieved 2024-06-21.
↑  "1968: Silicon gate technology developed for ICs: Federico Faggin and Tom Klein improve the reliability, packing density, and speed of MOS ICs with a silicon-gate structure". Computer History Museum (بالإنجليزية). Archived from the original on 2020-07-29. Retrieved 2024-06-21.
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