الإجماع العلمي حول التغير المناخي
مراجع

↑  Anderegg، William R L؛ Prall، James W.؛ Harold، Jacob؛ Schneider، Stephen H. (2010). "Expert credibility in climate change". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. ج. 107 ع. 27: 12107–9. Bibcode:2010PNAS..10712107A. DOI:10.1073/pnas.1003187107. PMC:2901439. PMID:20566872. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2021-10-02. (i) 97–98% of the climate researchers most actively publishing in the field support the tenets of ACC (Anthropogenic Climate Change) outlined by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, and (ii) the relative climate expertise and scientific prominence of the researchers unconvinced of ACC are substantially below that of the convinced researchers.
↑  Doran، Peter؛ Zimmerman، Maggie (20 يناير 2009). "Examining the Scientific Consensus on Climate Change". Eos. ج. 90 ع. 3: 22–23. Bibcode:2009EOSTr..90...22D. DOI:10.1029/2009EO030002. S2CID:128398335. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2021-07-09.
↑  John Cook؛ وآخرون (أبريل 2016). "Consensus on consensus: a synthesis of consensus estimates on human-caused global warming". Environmental Research Letters. ج. 11 ع. 4: 048002. Bibcode:2016ERL....11d8002C. DOI:10.1088/1748-9326/11/4/048002.
↑  Benestad, Rasmus E.; Nuccitelli, Dana; Lewandowsky, Stephan; Hayhoe, Katharine; Hygen, Hans Olav; van Dorland, Rob; Cook, John (1 Nov 2016). "Learning from mistakes in climate research". Theoretical and Applied Climatology (بالإنجليزية). 126 (3): 699–703. Bibcode:2016ThApC.126..699B. DOI:10.1007/s00704-015-1597-5. ISSN:1434-4483.
↑  Cook, John; Oreskes, Naomi; Doran, Peter T.; Anderegg, William R. L.; Verheggen, Bart; Maibach, Ed W.; Carlton, J. Stuart; Lewandowsky, Stephan; Skuce, Andrew G. (2016). "Consensus on consensus: a synthesis of consensus estimates on human-caused global warming". Environmental Research Letters (بالإنجليزية). 11 (4): 048002. Bibcode:2016ERL....11d8002C. DOI:10.1088/1748-9326/11/4/048002. ISSN:1748-9326. Archived from the original on 2019-12-11.
↑  Cook, John, et al. "Quantifying the consensus on anthropogenic global warming in the scientific literature." IOP Science, 30 Oct. 2013. Retrieved 28 June 2018. نسخة محفوظة 11 أبريل 2019 على موقع واي باك مشين.
↑  "Scientific and Public Perspective on climate change". Yale Program on Climate Communication. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2019-04-17.
1 2  Wuebbles, D. J., et al., 2017: Executive summary. In: Climate Science Special Report: Fourth National Climate Assessment, Volume I [Wuebbles, D. J., D. W. Fahey, K. A. Hibbard, D. J. Dokken, B. C. Stewart, and T. K. Maycock (eds.)]. U.S. Global Change Research Program, Washington, DC, USA, pp. 12-34, doi:10.7930/J0DJ5CTG. نسخة محفوظة 28 مارس 2019 على موقع واي باك مشين.
↑  "Scientific consensus: Earth's climate is warming". Climate Change: Vital Signs of the Planet. National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). مؤرشف من الأصل في 2019-05-26. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2018-08-18. Multiple studies published in peer-reviewed scientific journals1 show that 97 percent or more of actively publishing climate scientists agree: Climate-warming trends over the past century are extremely likely due to human activities. In addition, most of the leading scientific organizations worldwide have issued public statements endorsing this position.
↑  "Warming of the climate system is unequivocal, as is now evident from observations of increases in global average air and ocean temperatures, widespread melting of snow and ice and rising global average sea level." IPCC, Synthesis Report نسخة محفوظة 2 نوفمبر 2018 على موقع واي باك مشين., Section 1.1: Observations of climate change, in الإجماع العلمي حول التغير المناخي. نسخة محفوظة 04 أغسطس 2018 على موقع واي باك مشين.
↑  IPCC، "Summary for Policymakers" (PDF)، Detection and Attribution of Climate Change، «It is extremely likely that human influence has been the dominant cause of the observed warming since the mid-20th century» (page 17) and «In this Summary for Policymakers, the following terms have been used to indicate the assessed likelihood of an outcome or a result: (...) extremely likely: 95–100%» (page 2)., in IPCC AR5 WG1 2013.
↑  IPCC, Synthesis Report نسخة محفوظة 2 نوفمبر 2018 على موقع واي باك مشين., Section 2.4: Attribution of climate change نسخة محفوظة 3 نوفمبر 2018 على موقع واي باك مشين., in الإجماع العلمي حول التغير المناخي."It is likely that increases in GHG concentrations alone would have caused more warming than observed because volcanic and anthropogenic aerosols have offset some warming that would otherwise have taken place." "نسخة مؤرشفة". مؤرشف من الأصل في 2018-08-04. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2019-04-13.{{استشهاد ويب}}:  صيانة الاستشهاد: BOT: original URL status unknown (link)
↑  [Notes-SciPanel] America's Climate Choices: Panel on Advancing the Science of Climate Change; National Research Council (2010). Advancing the Science of Climate Change. Washington, D.C.: The National Academies Press. ISBN 0-309-14588-0. Archived from the original on 2014-05-29. (p1) ... there is a strong, credible body of evidence, based on multiple lines of research, documenting that climate is changing and that these changes are in large part caused by human activities. While much remains to be learned, the core phenomenon, scientific questions, and hypotheses have been examined thoroughly and have stood firm in the face of serious scientific debate and careful evaluation of alternative explanations. * * * (p21-22) Some scientific conclusions or theories have been so thoroughly examined and tested, and supported by so many independent observations and results, that their likelihood of subsequently being found to be wrong is vanishingly small. Such conclusions and theories are then regarded as settled facts. This is the case for the conclusions that the Earth system is warming and that much of this warming is very likely due to human activities. "نسخة مؤرشفة". مؤرشف من الأصل في 2017-08-19. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2019-04-13.{{استشهاد ويب}}:  صيانة الاستشهاد: BOT: original URL status unknown (link)
↑  IPCC, 2014: Climate Change 2014: Synthesis Report. Contribution of Working Groups I, II and III to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change [Core Writing Team, R. K. Pachauri and L. A. Meyer (eds.)]. IPCC, Geneva, Switzerland, 151 pp. "نسخة مؤرشفة". مؤرشف من الأصل في 2019-04-05. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2019-04-13.{{استشهاد ويب}}:  صيانة الاستشهاد: BOT: original URL status unknown (link)
↑  IPCC (11 November 2013): B. Observed Changes in the Climate System, in: Summary for Policymakers (finalized version) نسخة محفوظة 2017-03-09 على موقع واي باك مشين., in: IPCC AR5 WG1 2013
↑  IPCC (11 November 2013): B.5 Carbon and Other Biogeochemical Cycles, in: Summary for Policymakers (finalized version) نسخة محفوظة 2017-03-09 على موقع واي باك مشين., in: IPCC AR5 WG1 2013
1 2  IPCC (11 November 2013): D. Understanding the Climate System and its Recent Changes, in: Summary for Policymakers (finalized version) نسخة محفوظة 2017-03-09 على موقع واي باك مشين., in: IPCC AR5 WG1 2013
↑  IPCC (11 November 2013): Footnote 2, in: Summary for Policymakers (finalized version) نسخة محفوظة 2017-03-09 على موقع واي باك مشين., in: IPCC AR5 WG1 2013
1 2  Summary for Policymakers نسخة محفوظة 25 يونيو 2014 على موقع واي باك مشين., p.14 (archived , in IPCC AR5 WG2 A 2014 "نسخة مؤرشفة" (PDF). مؤرشف من الأصل (PDF) في 2016-12-20. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2019-05-27.
↑  Summary for Policymakers, p.23 (archived 25 June 2014), in IPCC AR5 WG2 A 2014 "نسخة مؤرشفة" (PDF). مؤرشف من الأصل (PDF) في 2016-12-20. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2019-05-27.
↑  SPM.3 Trends in stocks and flows of greenhouse gases and their drivers, in: Summary for Policymakers, p.8 (archived 2 July 2014), in IPCC AR5 WG3 2014 "نسخة مؤرشفة". مؤرشف من الأصل في 2019-01-29. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2019-04-13.{{استشهاد ويب}}:  صيانة الاستشهاد: BOT: original URL status unknown (link)
↑  
"Question 1"، 1.1، مؤرشف من الأصل في 2016-03-04, in IPCC TAR SYR 2001
↑  Summary, in US NRC 2001 "نسخة مؤرشفة". مؤرشف من الأصل في 2015-02-11. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2019-04-13.{{استشهاد ويب}}:  صيانة الاستشهاد: BOT: original URL status unknown (link)
↑  IPCC, 2014: Climate Change 2014: Synthesis Report. Contribution of Working Groups I, II and III to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change [Core Writing Team, R. K. Pachauri and L. A. Meyer (eds.)]. IPCC, Geneva, Switzerland, 151 pp. "نسخة مؤرشفة". مؤرشف من الأصل في 2020-02-25. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2019-04-13.{{استشهاد ويب}}:  صيانة الاستشهاد: BOT: original URL status unknown (link)
↑  "Climate Change 2014 Synthesis Report Summary for Policymakers" (PDF). IPCC. مؤرشف من الأصل (PDF) في 2018-11-23. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2015-08-01.
↑  Nuccitelli، Dana (31 مارس 2014). "IPCC report warns of future climate change risks, but is spun by contrarians". The Guardian. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2019-10-25. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2015-08-01.
↑  "U.N. Climate Panel Endorses Ceiling on Global Emissions". The New York Times. 27 سبتمبر 2013. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2020-02-11. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2015-08-01.
↑  "Summary for Policymakers"، 1. Observed changes in climate and their effects، مؤرشف من الأصل في 2018-11-03, in IPCC AR4 SYR 2007
↑  "Summary for Policymakers"، 2. Causes of change، مؤرشف من الأصل في 2018-11-03, in IPCC AR4 SYR 2007
↑  Parry, M.L.؛ وآخرون، "Technical summary"، Industry, settlement and society, in: Box TS.5. The main projected impacts for systems and sectors، مؤرشف من الأصل في 2018-11-02, in IPCC AR4 WG2 2007
↑  IPCC، "Summary for Policymakers"، Magnitudes of impact، مؤرشف من الأصل في 2018-11-02, in IPCC AR4 WG2 2007
↑  "Synthesis report"، Ecosystems, in: Sec 3.3.1 Impacts on systems and sectors، مؤرشف من الأصل في 2018-11-03، اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2013-06-04, in IPCC AR4 SYR 2007
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