فرسان الهيكل
المصادر

↑  as reproduced in T. A. Archer, The Crusades: The Story of the Latin Kingdom of Jerusalem (1894), p. 176. The design with the two knights on a horse and the inscription SIGILLVM MILITVM XRISTI is attested in 1191, see Jochen Burgtorf, The central convent of Hospitallers and Templars: history, organization, and personnel (1099/1120-1310), Volume 50 of History of warfare (2008), ISBN 978-90-04-16660-8, pp. 545-546.
1 2  Burman, p. 45.
1 2 3  Barber, in "Supplying the Crusader States" says, "By Molay's time the Grand Master was presiding over at least 970 houses, including commanderies and castles in the east and west, serviced by a membership which is unlikely to have been less than 7,000, excluding employees and dependents, who must have been seven or eight times that number."
↑  ^ Malcolm Barber, The New Knighthood: A History of the Order of the Temple. Cambridge University Press, 1994. ISBN 0-521-42041-5.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8  قناة التاريخ التلفزيونية, Decoding the Past: The Templar Code, 7 November 2005, video documentary written by Marcy Marzuni.
↑  Selwood, Dominic (2002). Knights of the Cloister. Templars and Hospitallers in Central-Southern Occitania 1100-1300. Woodbridge: The Boydell Press. ISBN 0-85115-828-5.
↑  Martin, p. 47.
↑  Nicholson, p. 4.
↑  Malcolm Barber, The Trial of the Templars. Cambridge University Press, 1978. ISBN 0-521-45727-0.
↑  Burman, pp. 13, 19.
↑  Selwood, Dominic. "Birth of the Order". Retrieved 20 April 2013.
↑  Barber, The New Knighthood, p. 7.
↑  Read, The Templars. p. 91.
↑  Selwood، Dominic. "The Knights Templar 4: St Bernard of Clairvaux". مؤرشف من الأصل في 2019-05-14. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2013-05-29.
↑  Selwood، Dominic (1996). 'Quidam autem dubitaverunt: the Saint, the Sinner and a Possible Chronology', in Autour de la Première Croisade. Paris: Publications de la Sorbonne. ص. 221–230. ISBN:2859443088.
↑  Burman, p. 40.
1 2 3 4  The History Channel, Lost Worlds: Knights Templar, July 10, 2006, video documentary written and directed by Stuart Elliott.
↑  Stephen A. Dafoe. "In Praise of the New Knighthood". TemplarHistory.com. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2017-03-26. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2007-03-20.
1 2 3 4  Sean Martin, The Knights Templar: The History & Myths of the Legendary Military Order, 2005. ISBN 1-56025-645-1.
↑  Ralls, Karen (2007). Knights Templar Encyclopedia. Career Press. p. 28. ISBN 978-1-56414-926-8.
↑  Benson, Michael (2005). Inside Secret Societies. Kensington Publishing Corp. p. 90.
↑  Martin, p. 99.
↑  Martin, p. 113.
↑  Demurger, p.139 "During four years, Jacques de Molay and his order were totally committed, with other Christian forces of Cyprus and Armenia, to an enterprise of reconquest of the Holy Land, in liaison with the offensives of Ghazan, the Mongol Khan of Persia.
↑  Nicholson, p. 201. "The Templars retained a base on Arwad island (also known as Ruad island, formerly Arados) off Tortosa (Tartus) until October 1302 or 1303, when the island was recaptured by the Mamluks."
↑  Nicholson, p. 5.
↑  Nicholson, p. 201. "The Templars retained a base on Arwad island (also known as Ruad island, formerly Arados) off Tortosa (Tartus) until October 1302 or 1303, when the island was recaptured by the Mamluks.
↑  Barber, Trial of the Templars, 2nd ed. "Recent Historiography on the Dissolution of the Temple". In the second edition of his book, Barber summarises the views of many different historians, with an overview of the modern debate on Philip's precise motives.
↑  Julien Théry, "A Heresy of State : Philip the Fair, the Trial of the ‘Perfidious Templars’, and the Ponticalization of the French Monarchy", Journal of Religious Medieval Cultures 39/2 (2013), pp. 117-148
1 2  Selwood، Dominic. "The Knights Templars 2: Sergeants, Women, Chaplains, Affiliates". مؤرشف من الأصل في 2019-05-14. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2013-04-12.
↑  David Emery. "Why Friday the 13th is unlucky". urbanlegends.about.com. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2016-12-15. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2007-03-26.
1 2  "Les derniers jours des Templiers". Science et Avenir: 52–61. يوليو 2010.
↑  Barber, Trial of the Templars, p. 178. نسخة محفوظة 12 سبتمبر 2017 على موقع واي باك مشين.
↑  Edgeller، Johnathan (2010). Taking the Templar Habit: Rule, Initiation Ritual, and the Accusations against the Order (PDF). Texas Tech University. ص. 62–66. مؤرشف من الأصل (PDF) في 2012-01-12.
↑  Martin, p. 118
↑  Martin, p. 122.
1 2  Barber, Trial, 1978, p. 3.
↑  Martin, pp. 123–124.
↑  Martin, p. 125.
↑  Martin, p. 140.
↑  Malcolm Barber has researched this legend and concluded that it originates from La Chronique métrique attribuée à Geffroi de Paris, ed. A. Divèrres, Strasbourg, 1956, pages 5711-5742. Geoffrey of Paris was "apparently an eye-witness, who describes Molay as showing no sign of fear and, significantly, as telling those present that God would avenge their deaths". Barber, The Trial of The Templars, page 357, footnote 110, Second edition (Cambridge University Press, 2006). ISBN 0-521-67236-8
↑  In The New Knighthood Barber referred to a variant of this legend, about how an unspecified Templar had appeared before and denounced Clement V and, when he was about to be executed sometime later, warned that both Pope and King would "within a year and a day be obliged to explain their crimes in the presence of God", found in the work by Ferretto of Vicenza, Historia rerum in Italia gestarum ab anno 1250 ad annum usque 1318 (Malcolm Barber, The New Knighthood, pages 314-315, Cambridge University Press, 1994). ISBN 0-521-55872-7
↑  "The Knights Templars". الموسوعة الكاثوليكية. نيويورك: شركة روبرت أبيلتون. 1913.
↑  Martin, pp. 140–142.
↑  "Long-lost text lifts cloud from Knights Templar". msn.com. 12 أكتوبر 2007. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2012-10-21. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2007-10-12.
↑  Charles d' Aigrefeuille, Histoire de la ville de Montpellier, Volume 2, page 193 (Montpellier: J. Martel, 1737-1739).
↑  Sophia Menache, Clement V, page 218, 2002 paperback edition ISBN 0-521-59219-4 (Cambridge University Press, originally published in 1998).
↑  Germain-François Poullain de Saint-Foix, Oeuvres complettes de M. de Saint-Foix, Historiographe des Ordres du Roi, page 287, Volume 3 (Maestricht: Jean-Edme Dupour & Philippe Roux, Imprimeurs-Libraires, associés, 1778).
↑  Étienne Baluze, Vitae Paparum Avenionensis, 3 Volumes (Paris, 1693).
↑  Pierre Dupuy, Histoire de l'Ordre Militaire des Templiers (Foppens, Brusselles, 1751).
↑  "Knights Templar secrets revealed". CNN. 12 أكتوبر 2007. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2007-10-13. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2007-10-12.
↑  Frale، Barbara (2004). "The Chinon chart—Papal absolution to the last Templar, Master Jacques de Molay". Journal of Medieval History. ج. 30 ع. 2: 109–134. DOI:10.1016/j.jmedhist.2004.03.004. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2020-04-07. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2007-04-01.
↑  Burman, p. 28.
↑  Barber, Trial, 1978, p. 10.
↑  Selwood، Dominic. "The Knights Templar 1: The Knights". مؤرشف من الأصل في 2019-05-14. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2013-04-12.
↑  The Rule of the Templars. ص. article 17.
1 2  
"Ranks - The Knights Templar - theknightstemplar.org". مؤرشف من الأصل في 2018-10-17. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2014-05-26.
↑  Barber, New Knighthood, p. 190.
↑  Martin, p. 54.
↑   "The Knights Templars". الموسوعة الكاثوليكية. نيويورك: شركة روبرت أبيلتون. 1913.
↑  Read, p. 137.
↑  Staf، Christophe. "The Masters of the Templar Order : Gerard de Ridefort". مؤرشف من الأصل في 2016-10-10. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2014-05-26.
↑  Burman, p. 43.
↑  Burman, pp. 30–33.
↑  Martin, p. 32.
↑  Barber, New Knighthood, p. 191.
↑  Burman, p. 44.
↑  Barber, The New Knighthood, page 66: "According to وليم الصوري it was under Eugenius III that the Templars received the right to wear the characteristic red cross upon their tunics, symbolising their willingness to suffer شهيد (توضيح)dom in the defence of the Holy Land." (WT, 12.7, p. 554. James of Vitry, 'Historia Hierosolimatana', ed. J. ars, أعمال الله من خلال الفرنجة, vol I(ii), Hanover, 1611, p. 1083, interprets this as a sign of martyrdom.)
↑  Martin, The Knights Templar, page 43: "The Pope conferred on the Templars the right to wear a red cross on their white mantles, which symbolised their willingness to suffer martyrdom in defending the Holy Land against the infidel."
↑  Read, The Templars, page 121: "Pope Eugenius gave them the right to wear a scarlet cross over their hearts, so that the sign would serve triumphantly as a shield and they would never turn away in the face of the infidels': the red blood of the martyr was superimposed on the white of the chaste." (Melville, La Vie des Templiers, p. 92.)
↑  Burman, p. 46.
↑  Nicholson, p. 141.
↑  Barber, New Knighthood, p. 193.
1 2  Picknett, Lynn and Prince, Clive (1997). The Templar Revelation. New York, N.Y.: Simon & Schuster. ISBN:0-684-84891-0.{{استشهاد بكتاب}}:  صيانة الاستشهاد: أسماء متعددة: قائمة المؤلفين (link)
↑  Harris، Oliver D. (2013). "Beards: true and false". Church Monuments. ج. 28: 124–32 (124–5).
↑  Nicholson 2001, pp. 48, 124–7.
↑  Martin, p. 52.
↑  Newman, Sharan  ‏ (2007). The Real History Behind the Templars. Berkeley Publishing. ص. 304–312.{{استشهاد بكتاب}}:  صيانة الاستشهاد: أسماء عددية: قائمة المؤلفين (link) صيانة الاستشهاد: أسماء متعددة: قائمة المؤلفين (link) صيانة الاستشهاد: علامات ترقيم زائدة (link)
↑  Barber, Trial, 1978, p. 4.
1 2  Routledge، Michael (1999). "The Later Troubadours". في Gaunt، Simon؛ Kay، Sarah (المحررون). The Troubadours: An Introduction. كامبريدج: مطبعة جامعة كامبريدج. ص. 112:Ab Luy venseretz totz los cas

Cuy Bafometz a escarnitz

e·ls renegatz outrasalhitz

("with his [i.e. Jesus'] help you will defeat all the

dogs whom Mahomet has led astray

and the impudent renegades").
↑   Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Templars". Encyclopædia Britannica (بالإنجليزية) (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 599.
↑  Bullonii (of Bouillon)، Godfrey (30 مارس 2018). "Godefridi Bullonii epistolae et diplomata; accedunt appendices". مؤرشف من الأصل في 2019-05-04 – عبر Google.
↑  Barber & Bate 2010، صفحة 29.
↑  Michaud، Joseph Francois (1853). The History of the Crusades. ج. 3. ص. 497. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2019-05-04. Raimundus de Agiles says of the Mahometans: In ecclesiis autem magnis Bafumarias faciebant ... habebant monticulum ubi duæ erant Bafumariæ. The troubadours employ Baformaria for mosque, and Bafomet for Mahomet.
↑  Stahuljak، Zrinka (20 نوفمبر 2014). "Genealogy". Medievalism: Key Critical Terms: 71–78. DOI:10.1017/9781787441422.009. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2022-10-31.
↑  Hannah (22 مارس 2022). Introduction to the Case Studies. Boca Raton: CRC Press. ص. 143–144. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2022-06-18.
↑  The quote is at Austorc d'Aorlhac.
↑  The other chapters are De la ley nova, De caritat, and De iustitia. The three folios of the Occitan fragment were reunited on 21 April 1887, and the work was then "discovered". Today it can be found in BnF fr. 6182. Clovis Brunel dated it to the 13th century, and it was probably made in the Quercy. The work was originally Latin, but medieval Catalan translation exists, as does a complete Occitan one. The Occitan fragment has been translated by Zorzi، Diego (1954). "Un frammento provenzale della Doctrina Pueril di Raimondo Lull". Aevum. ج. 28 ع. 4: 345–349.
↑  Martin, p. 58.
↑  Barber, New Knighthood (1994), pp. 194–195
↑  Finlo Rohrer (19 أكتوبر 2007). "What are the Knights Templar up to now?". BBC News Magazine. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2017-08-16. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2008-04-13.
↑  The Mythology Of The Secret Societies (London: Secker and Warburg, 1972). ISBN 0-436-42030-9
↑  Peter Partner, The Murdered Magicians: The Templars And Their Myth (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1982). ISBN 0-19-215847-3
↑  John Walliss, Apocalyptic Trajectories: Millenarianism and Violence In The Contemporary World, page 130 (Bern: Peter Lang AG, European Academic Publishers, 2004). ISBN 3-03910-290-7
↑  Michael Haag, Templars: History and Myth: From Solomon's Temple To The Freemasons (Profile Books Ltd, 2009). ISBN 978-1-84668-153-0
↑  Thomas، Brian. "Modern Order - OSMTH". مؤرشف من الأصل في 2018-06-13. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2014-05-26.
↑  "Freemasonry Today periodical (Issue January 2002)". Grand Lodge Publications Ltd. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2011-03-03. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2011-05-28.
↑  Knights Templar FAQ, accessed January 10, 2007. نسخة محفوظة 26 يونيو 2012 على موقع واي باك مشين.
↑  CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Masonry (Freemasonry) نسخة محفوظة 07 نوفمبر 2017 على موقع واي باك مشين.
↑  Catholic Library: Declaration on Masonic Associations at newadvent.org. Retrieved 2011-10-20. نسخة محفوظة 10 نوفمبر 2017 على موقع واي باك مشين.
↑  El-Nasr، Magy Seif. "Assassin's Creed: A Multi-Cultural Read". ص. 6–7. مؤرشف من الأصل (PDF) في 2017-03-07. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2009-10-01. we interviewed Jade Raymond ... Jade says ... Templar Treasure was ripe for exploring. What did the Templars find {{استشهاد ويب}}: الوسيط author-name-list parameters تكرر أكثر من مرة (مساعدة)
↑  "Convent of Christ in Tomar". World Heritage Site. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2016-03-03. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2007-03-20.
↑  Louis Charpentier, Les Mystères de la Cathédrale de Chartres (Paris: Robert Laffont, 1966), translated The Mysteries of Chartres Cathedral (London: Research Into Lost Knowledge Organisation, 1972).
↑  Read, p. 91.
↑  Read, p. 171.
↑  Martin, p. 139.
↑  Sanello, Frank (2003). The Knights Templars: God's Warriors, the Devil's Bankers. Taylor Trade Publishing. ص. 207–208. ISBN:0-87833-302-9. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2022-03-19.
↑  Barber, Trial of the Templars, 1978, p. 62.
↑  Karen Ralls, Knights Templar Encyclopedia: The Essential Guide to the People, Places, Events and Symbols of the Order of the Temple, page 156 (The Career Press, Inc., 2007). ISBN 978-1-56414-926-8
↑  Martin, p. 133.
↑  Barber, The New Knighthood, p. 332
↑  Newman, p. 383
↑  Barrett, Jim (Spring 1996). "Science and the Shroud: Microbiology meets archeology in a renewed quest for answers". The Mission. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2014-12-02. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2009-02-13.
↑  Relic, Harry Gove (1996) Icon or Hoax? Carbon Dating the Turin Shroud ISBN 0-7503-0398-0.