سبط يهوذا
مراجع

↑  Finkelstein، Israel (2002). The Bible Unearthed: Archaeology's New Vision of Ancient Israel and the Origin of Sacred Texts. Simon & Schuster. ص. 369–373. ISBN:9780743223386. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2022-11-11.
↑  Kitchen, Kenneth A. (2003), On the Reliability of the Old Testament (Grand Rapids, Michigan. William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company) ((ردمك 0-8028-4960-1))
↑  "Besides the rejection of the Albrightian 'conquest' model, the general consensus among OT scholars is that the Book of Joshua has no value in the historical reconstruction. They see the book as an ideological retrojection from a later period—either as early as the reign of Josiah or as late as the Hasmonean period." K. Lawson Younger Jr. (1 أكتوبر 2004). "Early Israel in Recent Biblical Scholarship". في David W. Baker؛ Bill T. Arnold (المحررون). The Face of Old Testament Studies: A Survey of Contemporary Approaches. Baker Academic. ص. 200. ISBN:978-0-8010-2871-7.
↑  "It behooves us to ask, in spite of the fact that the overwhelming consensus of modern scholarship is that Joshua is a pious fiction composed by the deuteronomistic school, how does and how has the Jewish community dealt with these foundational narratives, saturated as they are with acts of violence against others?" Carl S. Ehrlich (1999). "Joshua, Judaism and Genocide". Jewish Studies at the Turn of the Twentieth Century, Volume 1: Biblical, Rabbinical, and Medieval Studies. Brill. ص. 117. ISBN:90-04-11554-4.
↑  "Recent decades, for example, have seen a remarkable reevaluation of evidence concerning the conquest of the land of Canaan by Joshua. As more sites have been excavated, there has been a growing consensus that the main story of Joshua, that of a speedy and complete conquest (e.g. Josh. 11.23: 'Thus Joshua conquered the whole country, just as the Lord had promised Moses') is contradicted by the archaeological record, though there are indications of some destruction and conquest at the appropriate time. Adele Berlin؛ Marc Zvi Brettler (17 أكتوبر 2014). The Jewish Study Bible: Second Edition. Oxford University Press. ص. 951. ISBN:978-0-19-939387-9. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2023-02-13.
↑  Görg، Görg. "Israel in Hieroglyphen". Biblischen Notizen. ج. 106: 21–27."
↑  Frendo، Anthony (2002). "Two Long-Lost Phoenician Inscriptions and the Emergence of Ancient Israel". Palestine Exploration Quarterly. ج. 134: 37–43. DOI:10.1179/peq.2002.134.1.37. S2CID:161065442.
↑  “In any case, it is now widely agreed that the so-called ‘patriarchal/ancestral period’ is a later ‘’literary’’ construct, not a period in the actual history of the ancient world. The same is the case for the ‘exodus’ and the ‘wilderness period,’ and more and more widely for the ‘period of the Judges.’" Paula M. McNutt (1 يناير 1999). Reconstructing the Society of Ancient Israel. Westminster John Knox Press. ص. 42. ISBN:978-0-664-22265-9. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2023-01-23.
↑  “The biblical text does not shed light on the history of the highlands in the early Iron I. The conquest and part of the period of the judges narratives should be seen, first and foremost, as a Deuteronomist construct that used myths, tales, and etiological traditions in order to convey the theology and territorial ideology of the late monarchic author(s) (e.g., Nelson 1981; Van Seters 1990; Finkelstein and Silberman 2001, 72–79, Römer 2007, 83–90).” Israel Finkelstein (2013). The Forgotten Kingdom: The Archaeology and History of Northern Israel (PDF). Society of Biblical Literature. ص. 24. ISBN:978-1-58983-912-0. مؤرشف من الأصل (PDF) في 2024-04-15.
↑  ”In short, the so-called ‘period of the judges’ was probably the creation of a person or persons known as the deuteronomistic historian."J. Clinton McCann (2002). Judges. Westminster John Knox Press. ص. 5. ISBN:978-0-8042-3107-7. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2023-01-23.
↑  "Although most scholars accept the historicity of the united monarchy (although not in the scale and form described in the Bible; see Dever 1996; Na'aman 1996; Fritz 1996, and bibliography there), its existence has been questioned by other scholars (see Whitelam 1996b; see also Grabbe 1997, and bibliography there). The scenario described below suggests that some important changes did take place at the time." Avraham Faust (1 أبريل 2016). Israel's Ethnogenesis: Settlement, Interaction, Expansion and Resistance. Routledge. ص. 172. ISBN:978-1-134-94215-2. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2023-01-23.
↑  "In some sense most scholars today agree on a 'minimalist' point of view in this regard. It does not seem reasonable any longer to claim that the united monarchy ruled over most of Palestine and Syria." Gunnar Lebmann (2003). Andrew G. Vaughn؛ Ann E. Killebrew (المحررون). Jerusalem in Bible and Archaeology: The First Temple Period. Society of Biblical Lit. ص. 156. ISBN:978-1-58983-066-0. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2023-01-23.
↑  "There seems to be a consensus that the power and size of the kingdom of Solomon, if it ever existed, has been hugely exaggerated." Philip R. Davies (18 ديسمبر 2014). "Why do we Know about Amos?". في Diana Vikander Edelman؛ Ehud Ben Zvi (المحررون). The Production of Prophecy: Constructing Prophecy and Prophets in Yehud. Routledge. ص. 71. ISBN:978-1-317-49031-9.
↑  "Tracing the development of the Bible’s stories about kings from the earliest sources (now embedded in 1–2 Samuel) to the biblical books themselves, Dietrich argues that some of the stories are dated close to the time of the events they describe. His approach identifies a series of ideologies within the text, providing evidence for the development of Israelite ideas rather than grounds for dismissing the stories as fiction." Dietrich، Walter (2007). The Early Monarchy in Israel: The Tenth Century B.C.E. Translated by Joachim Vette. Leiden, The Netherlands: Brill.
↑  Finkelstein، Israel (2002). The Bible Unearthed: Archaeology's New Vision of Ancient Israel and the Origin of Sacred Texts. Simon & Schuster. ص. 261–265. ISBN:9780743223386. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2022-11-11.
↑  Finkelstein، Israel (2002). The Bible Unearthed: Archaeology's New Vision of Ancient Israel and the Origin of Sacred Texts. Simon & Schuster. ص. 138–140. ISBN:9780743223386. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2022-11-11.
↑  TOW Project (9 ديسمبر 2010). "Situating the Prophets in Israel's History". Theology of Work. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2024-02-21. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2022-10-26.
↑  Amos 9:7: לוא כבני כשיים אתם לי בני ישראל נאם־יהוה הלוא את־ישראל העליתי מארץ מצרים ופלשתיים מכפתור וארם מקר׃ "ألستم لي كبني الكوشيين يا بني إسرائيل، يقول الرب؟ ألم أصعد إسرائيل من أرض مصر، والفلسطينيين من كفتور، والأراميين من قير؟
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