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Adams, Laurie Schneider (2001). A History of Western Art (ط. Third). Boston, MA: McGraw Hill. ISBN:0-07-231717-5. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2022-11-30.
Albrow, Martin (1997). The Global Age: State and Society Beyond Modernity. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press. ISBN:0-8047-2870-4.
Backman, Clifford R. (2003). The Worlds of Medieval Europe. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press. ISBN:978-0-19-512169-8.
Barber, Malcolm (1992). The Two Cities: Medieval Europe 1050–1320. London: Routledge. ISBN:0-415-09682-0. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2022-06-27.
Barber, Richard (1978). Edward, Prince of Wales and Aquitaine: A Biography of the Black Prince. New York: Scribner. ISBN:0-684-15864-7. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2022-07-01.
Barlow, Frank (1988). The Feudal Kingdom of England 1042–1216 (ط. Fourth). New York: Longman. ISBN:0-582-49504-0.
Bauer, Susan Wise (2010). The History of the Medieval World: From the Conversion of Constantine to the First Crusade. New York: W. W. Norton. ISBN:978-0-393-05975-5. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2022-09-05.
Benton, Janetta Rebold (2002). Art of the Middle Ages. World of Art. London: Thames & Hudson. ISBN:0-500-20350-4.
British Library Staff (8 يناير 2008). "Incunabula Short Title Catalogue". المكتبة البريطانية. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2016-11-21. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2012-04-08.
Brown, Peter (1989). The World of Late Antiquity AD 150–750. Library of World Civilization. New York: W. W. Norton & Company. ISBN:0-393-95803-5. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2022-06-29.
Brown, Thomas (1998). "The Transformation of the Roman Mediterranean, 400–900". في Holmes, George (المحرر). The Oxford Illustrated History of Medieval Europe. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press. ص. 1–62. ISBN:0-19-285220-5.
Bruni, Leonardo (2001). Hankins, James (المحرر). History of the Florentine People. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. ج. 1. ISBN:978-0-674-00506-8.
Colish, Marcia L. (1997). Medieval Foundations of the Western Intellectual Tradition 400–1400. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press. ISBN:0-300-07852-8. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2022-09-11.
Collins, Roger (1999). Early Medieval Europe: 300–1000 (ط. Second). New York: St. Martin's Press. ISBN:0-312-21886-9.
Coredon، Christopher (2007). A Dictionary of Medieval Terms & Phrases (ط. Reprint). Woodbridge, UK: D. S. Brewer. ISBN:978-1-84384-138-8.
Cosman, Madeleine Pelner (2007). Medieval Wordbook: More the 4,000 Terms and Expressions from Medieval Culture. New York: Barnes & Noble. ISBN:978-0-7607-8725-0. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2022-09-04.
Crampton, R. J. (2005). A Concise History of Bulgaria. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. ISBN:0-521-61637-9.
Cunliffe, Barry (2008). Europe Between the Oceans: Themes and Variations 9000 BC-AD 1000. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press. ISBN:978-0-300-11923-7. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2022-06-29.
Curta, Florin (2006). Southeastern Europe in the Middle Ages 500-1250. Cambridge Medieval Textbooks. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. ISBN:0-521-89452-2. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2022-11-27.
Davies, Norman (1996). Europe: A History. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press. ISBN:0-19-520912-5. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2022-07-12.
Denley, Peter (1998). "The Mediterranean in the Age of the Renaissance, 1200–1500". في Holmes, George (المحرر). The Oxford Illustrated History of Medieval Europe. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press. ص. 235–296. ISBN:0-19-285220-5.
Dodwell, C. R. (1993). The Pictorial Arts of the West: 800–1200. Pellican History of Art. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press. ISBN:0-300-06493-4. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2022-06-01.
Eastwood, Bruce (2007). Ordering the Heavens: Roman Astronomy and Cosmology in the Carolingian Renaissance. History of Science and Medicine Library. Boston, MA: Brill. ISBN:978-90-04-16186-3.
Epstein, Steven A. (2009). An Economic and Social History of Later Medieval Europe, 1000–1500. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. ISBN:978-0-521-70653-7. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2022-06-30.
Flexner, Stuart Berg (المحرر). The Random House Dictionary of the English Language: Unabridged (ط. Second). New York: Random House. ISBN:0-394-50050-4.
Gainty, Denis؛ Ward, Walter D. (2009). Sources of World Societies: Volume 2: Since 1500. Boston, MA: Bedford/St. Martin's. ISBN:0-312-68858-X.
Geary, Patrick J. (1988). Before France and Germany: The Creation and Transformation of the Merovingian World. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press. ISBN:0-19-504458-4. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2022-08-07.
Gies, Joseph and Gies, Frances (1973). Life in a Medieval City. New York: Thomas Y. Crowell. ISBN:0-8152-0345-4. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2022-09-06.{{استشهاد بكتاب}}:  صيانة الاستشهاد: أسماء متعددة: قائمة المؤلفين (link)
Grant, Edward (2001). God and Reason in the Middle Ages. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. ISBN:978-0-521-80279-6.
Grant, E. (1994). Planets, Stars, & Orbs: The Medieval Cosmos, 1200–1687. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. ISBN:978-0-521-43344-0.
Grierson, Philip (1989). "Coinage and currency". في Loyn, H. R. (المحرر). The Middle Ages: A Concise Encyclopedia. London: Thames and Hudson. ص. 97–98. ISBN:0-500-27645-5.
Griffiths, Antony (1996). Prints and Printmaking. London: British Museum Press. ISBN:0-7141-2608-X.
Hallam, Elizabeth M.; Everard, Judith (2001). Capetian France 987–1328 (ط. Second). New York: Longman. ISBN:0-582-40428-2.{{استشهاد بكتاب}}:  صيانة الاستشهاد: أسماء متعددة: قائمة المؤلفين (link)
Hamilton, Bernard (2003). Religion in the Medieval West (ط. Second). London: Arnold. ISBN:0-340-80839-X.
Heather, Peter (2006). The Fall of the Roman Empire: A New History of Rome and the Barbarians. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press. ISBN:978-0-19-532541-6. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2022-09-05.
Henderson, George (1977). Early Medieval (ط. Revised). New York: Penguin. OCLC:641757789.
Holmes, George، المحرر (1988). The Oxford History of Medieval Europe. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press. ISBN:0-19-285272-8.
Ilardi, Vincent (2007). Renaissance Vision from Spectacles to Telescopes. Philadelphia: American Philosophical Society. ISBN:978-0-87169-259-7. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2022-06-30.
James, Edward (2009). Europe's Barbarians: AD 200–600. The Medieval World. Harlow, UK: Pearson Longman. ISBN:978-0-582-77296-0.
Jordan, William C. (2003). Europe in the High Middle Ages. Penguin History of Europe. New York: Viking. ISBN:978-0-670-03202-0. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2022-06-29.
Kamen, Henry (2005). Spain 1469–1714 (ط. Third). New York: Pearson/Longman. ISBN:0-582-78464-6. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2022-08-10.
Kaufmann, J. E. and Kaufmann, H. W. (2001). The Medieval Fortress: Castles, Forts and Walled Cities of the Middle Ages (ط. 2004). Cambridge, MA: De Capo Press. ISBN:0-306-81358-0.{{استشهاد بكتاب}}:  صيانة الاستشهاد: أسماء متعددة: قائمة المؤلفين (link)
Keen, Maurice (1988) [1968]. The Pelican History of Medieval Europe. London: Penguin Books. ISBN:0-14-021085-7.
Kitzinger, Ernst (1955). Early Medieval Art at the British Museum (ط. Second). London: British Museum. OCLC:510455.
Knox, E. L. "History of the Idea of the Renaissance". Europe in the Late Middle Ages. Boise State University. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2012-02-03. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2012-12-25.
Lasko, Peter (1972). Ars Sacra, 800–1200. Penguin History of Art (now Yale). New York: Penguin. ISBN:0-14-056036-X.
Lawrence, C.H (2001). Medieval Monasticism: Forms of Religious Life in Western Europe in the Middle Ages (ط. Third). Harlow, UK: Longman. ISBN:0-582-40427-4. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2022-09-02.
Lightbown, Ronald W. (1978). Secular Goldsmiths' Work in Medieval France: A History. Reports of the Research Committee of the Society of Antiquaries of London. London: Thames and Hudson. ISBN:0-500-99027-1.
Lindberg, David C.؛ Numbers, Ronald L. (1986). "Beyond War and Peace: A Reappraisal of the Encounter between Christianity and Science". Church History. ج. 55 ع. 3: 338–354. DOI:10.2307/3166822. ISSN:0009-6407. JSTOR:3166822. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2022-09-05.
Lindberg, David C. (2003). "The Medieval Church Encounters the Classical Tradition: Saint Augustine, Roger Bacon, and the Handmaiden Metaphor". When Science & Christianity Meet. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press. ISBN:0-226-48214-6. {{استشهاد بموسوعة}}: الوسيط غير المعروف |المحررين= تم تجاهله (مساعدة)
Lock, Peter (2006). Routledge Companion to the Crusades. New York: Routledge. ISBN:0-415-39312-4.
Loyn, H. R. (1989). "Avignon". في Loyn, H. R. (المحرر). The Middle Ages: A Concise Encyclopedia. London: Thames and Hudson. ص. 45. ISBN:0-500-27645-5.
Loyn, H. R. (1989). "Eleanor of Aquitaine". في Loyn, H. R. (المحرر). The Middle Ages: A Concise Encyclopedia. London: Thames and Hudson. ص. 122. ISBN:0-500-27645-5.
Loyn, H. R. (1989). "Famine". في Loyn, H. R. (المحرر). The Middle Ages: A Concise Encyclopedia. London: Thames and Hudson. ص. 127–128. ISBN:0-500-27645-5.
Loyn, H. R. (1989). "Great Schism". في Loyn, H. R. (المحرر). The Middle Ages: A Concise Encyclopedia. London: Thames and Hudson. ص. 153. ISBN:0-500-27645-5.
Loyn, H. R. (1989). "Hundred Years' War". في Loyn, H. R. (المحرر). The Middle Ages: A Concise Encyclopedia. London: Thames and Hudson. ص. 176. ISBN:0-500-27645-5.
Loyn, H. R. (1989). "Jews". في Loyn, H. R. (المحرر). The Middle Ages: A Concise Encyclopedia. London: Thames and Hudson. ص. 190–192. ISBN:0-500-27645-5.
Loyn, H. R. (1989). "Knights of the Temple (Templars)". في Loyn, H. R. (المحرر). The Middle Ages: A Concise Encyclopedia. London: Thames and Hudson. ص. 201–202. ISBN:0-500-27645-5.
Loyn, H. R. (1989). "Language and dialect". في Loyn, H. R. (المحرر). The Middle Ages: A Concise Encyclopedia. London: Thames and Hudson. ص. 204. ISBN:0-500-27645-5.
Loyn, H. R. (1989). "Scholasticism". في Loyn, H. R. (المحرر). The Middle Ages: A Concise Encyclopedia. London: Thames and Hudson. ص. 293–294. ISBN:0-500-27645-5.
"Middle Ages". Dictionary.com. 2004. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2015-09-06. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2012-04-07.
Miglio, Massimo (2006). "Curial Humanism seen through the Prism of the Papal Library". في Mazzocco, Angelo (المحرر). Interpretations of Renaissance Humanism. Brill's Studies in Intellectual History. Leiden: Brill. ص. 97–112. ISBN:978-90-04-15244-1.
Mommsen, Theodore (أبريل 1942). "Petrarch's Conception of the 'Dark Ages'". Speculum. ج. 17 ع. 2: 226–242. DOI:10.2307/2856364. JSTOR:2856364. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2022-09-05.
Morris, Rosemary (1998). "Northern Europe invades the Mediterranean, 900–1200". في Holmes, George (المحرر). The Oxford Illustrated History of Medieval Europe. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press. ص. 175–234. ISBN:0-19-285220-5.
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Nees, Lawrence (2002). Early Medieval Art. Oxford History of Art. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press. ISBN:978-0-19-284243-5.
Nicolle, David (1999). Medieval Warfare Source Book: Warfare In Western Christendom. London: Brockhampton Press. ISBN:1-86019-889-9.
Numbers, Ronald (11 مايو 2006). "Myths and Truths in Science and Religion: A historical perspective" (PDF). Lecture archive. The Faraday Institute for Science and Religion. مؤرشف من الأصل (PDF) في 2013-01-20. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2013-01-25.
Payne, Robert (2000). The Dream and the Tomb: A History of the Crusades (ط. First paperback). New York: Cooper Square Press. ISBN:0-8154-1086-7.
Peters, Ted (2005). "Science and Religion". في Jones, Lindsay (المحرر). Encyclopedia of Religion (ط. Second). Detroit, MI: MacMillan Reference. ج. 12. ص. 8182. ISBN:978-0-02-865980-0.
Power, Daniel (2006). The Central Middle Ages: Europe 950–1320. The Short Oxford History of Europe. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press. ISBN:978-0-19-925312-8.
Reilly, Bernard F. (1993). The Medieval Spains. Cambridge Medieval Textbooks. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. ISBN:0-521-39741-3. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2022-09-11.
Riley-Smith, Jonathan (1989). "Crusades". في Loyn, H. R. (المحرر). The Middle Ages: A Concise Encyclopedia. London: Thames and Hudson. ص. 106–107. ISBN:0-500-27645-5.
Rosenwein, Barbara H. (1982). Rhinoceros Bound: Cluny in the Tenth Century. Philadelphia, PA: University of Pennsylvania Press. ISBN:0-8122-7830-5. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2022-09-06.
Russell, Jeffey Burton (1991). Inventing the Flat Earth-Columbus and Modern Historians. Westport, CT: Praeger. ISBN:0-275-95904-X.
Saul, Nigel (2000). A Companion to Medieval England 1066–1485. Stroud, UK: Tempus. ISBN:0-7524-2969-8.
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Singman, Jeffrey L. (1999). Daily Life in Medieval Europe. Daily Life Through History. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press. ISBN:0-313-30273-1.
Stalley, Roger (1999). Early Medieval Architecture. Oxford History of Art. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press. ISBN:978-0-19-284223-7. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2022-09-05.
Tansey, Richard G.; Gardner, Helen Louise; De la Croix, Horst (1986). Gardner's Art Through the Ages (ط. Eighth). San Diego, CA: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich. ISBN:0-15-503763-3.{{استشهاد بكتاب}}:  صيانة الاستشهاد: أسماء متعددة: قائمة المؤلفين (link)
Thomson, John A. F. (1998). The Western Church in the Middle Ages. London: Arnold. ISBN:0-340-60118-3.
Vale, Malcolm (1998). "The Civilization of Courts and Cities in the North, 1200–1500". في Holmes, George (المحرر). The Oxford Illustrated History of Medieval Europe. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press. ص. 297–351. ISBN:0-19-285220-5.
Watts, John (2009). The Making of Polities: Europe, 1300–1500. Cambridge Medieval Textbooks. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. ISBN:978-0-521-79664-4.
Whitton, David (1998). "The Society of Northern Europe in the High Middle Ages, 900–1200". في Holmes, George (المحرر). The Oxford Illustrated History of Medieval Europe. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press. ص. 115–174. ISBN:0-19-285220-5.
Wickham, Chris (2009). The Inheritance of Rome: Illuminating the Dark Ages 400–1000. New York: Penguin Books. ISBN:978-0-14-311742-1. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2022-09-11.