فن العصر الحجري القديم العلوي
مراجع

1 2  M. Aubert et al. (2014): "two figurative animal depictions from seven cave sites in the Maros karsts of Sulawesi, we show that rock art traditions on this Indonesian island are at least compatible in age with the oldest European art. [...] Among the implications, it can now be demonstrated that humans were producing rock art by ∼40 kyr ago at opposite ends of the Pleistocene Eurasian world."
↑  D. L. Hoffmann؛ C. D. Standish؛ M. García-Diez؛ P. B. Pettitt؛ J. A. Milton؛ J. Zilhão؛ J. J. Alcolea-González؛ P. Cantalejo-Duarte؛ H. Collado؛ R. de Balbín؛ M. Lorblanchet؛ J. Ramos-Muñoz؛ G.-Ch. Weniger؛ A. W. G. Pike (2018). "U-Th dating of carbonate crusts reveals Neandertal origin of Iberian cave art". Science. ج. 359 ع. 6378: 912–915. DOI:10.1126/science.aap7778. PMID:29472483. "we present dating results for three sites in Spain that show that cave art emerged in Iberia substantially earlier than previously thought. Uranium-thorium (U-Th) dates on carbonate crusts overlying paintings provide minimum ages for a red linear motif in La Pasiega (Cantabria), a hand stencil in Maltravieso (Extremadura), and red-painted speleothems in Ardales (Andalucía). Collectively, these results show that cave art in Iberia is older than 64.8 thousand years (ka). This cave art is the earliest dated so far and predates, by at least 20 ka, the arrival of modern humans in Europe, which implies Neandertal authorship."
↑  Bar-Yosef، Ofer (2002). "The Upper Paleolithic Revolution". Annual Review of Anthropology. ج. 31: 363–393. DOI:10.1146/annurev.anthro.31.040402.085416.
↑  "Mind: What archaeology can tell us about the origins of human cognition". Vub.ac.be. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2018-10-05. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2013-09-23.
↑  Zimmer، Carl (7 نوفمبر 2018). "In Cave in Borneo Jungle, Scientists Find Oldest Figurative Painting in the World - A cave drawing in Borneo is at least 40,000 years old, raising intriguing questions about creativity in ancient societies". نيويورك تايمز. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2021-04-27. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2018-11-08.
↑  Aubert, M.؛ وآخرون (7 نوفمبر 2018). "Palaeolithic cave art in Borneo". نيتشر. ج. 564 ع. 7735: 254–257. DOI:10.1038/s41586-018-0679-9. PMID:30405242. S2CID:53208538.
↑  The term is attributed to بيورن كورتن : "as we look at Ice Age art, there will always remain an element of mystery and elusive" (B. S. John, The ice age: past and present, 1977, p. 220).
↑  "Antiquity – Cambridge Core". antiquity.ac.uk. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2020-01-10.
↑  Vanhaeren، Marian؛ d'Errico، Francesco (يونيو 2005). "Grave goods from the Saint-Germain-la-Rivière burial: Evidence for social inequality in the Upper Palaeolithic". Journal of Anthropological Archaeology. ج. 24 ع. 2: 117–134. DOI:10.1016/j.jaa.2005.01.001.
↑  "British Museum – perforated baton". British Museum. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2021-08-09.
↑  "British Museum – laurel leaf point". British Museum. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2021-08-09.
↑  Bahn and Vertut, 90–91
↑  Maugh II، Thomas H. (14 مايو 2009). "Venus figurine sheds light on origins of art by early humans". Los Angeles Times. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2009-05-15. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2009-05-14.
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