هالة (رسوم دينية)
مراجع

↑  Harper, Douglas. "halo". قاموس علم اشتقاق الألفاظ. ἅλως. هنري جورج ليدل; روبرت سكوت; A Greek–English Lexicon في مشروع بيرسيوس.
↑  "halo – art". britannica.com. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2020-06-14.
↑  J. Black and A. Green, Gods, Demons and Symbols of Ancient Mesopotmia (Austin, 1992) p. 130.
↑  الإلياذة v.4ff, xviii.203ff.
↑  Marjorie J. Milne, "Perseus and Medusa on an Attic Vase" The Metropolitan Museum of Art Bulletin New Series, 4.5 (January 1946, pp. 126-130) 126.p.) جايستور 3257993 نسخة محفوظة 5 أبريل 2012 على موقع واي باك مشين.
↑  L. Stephani, Nimbus und Strahlenkranz in den Werken der Alten Kunst" in Mémoires de l'Académie des Sciences de Saint-Petersbourg, series vi, vol. vol ix, noted in Milne 1946:130.
↑  G Schiller, Iconography of Christian Art, Vol. I, 1971 (English trans. from German), Lund Humphries, London, p. 135, figs 150-53, 346-54. (ردمك 0-85331-270-2)
↑  "Early Christian Symbols" (PDF). Catholic Biblical Association of Canada. مؤرشف من الأصل (PDF) في 23 ديسمبر 2011. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 20 سبتمبر 2011.
↑  G Schiller, Iconography of Christian Art, Vol. I, 1971 (English trans. from German), Lund Humphries, London, figs 20-22, (ردمك 0-85331-270-2)
↑  Nationalgallery.org.uk نسخة محفوظة 23 April 2007 على موقع واي باك مشين., Late 15th century reliefs by Jacopo della Quercia on the portal of San Petronio, Bologna are an early example of the triangular halo. According to Didron, Adolphe Napoléon: Christian Iconography: Or, The History of Christian Art in the Middle Ages, London, 1851, Vol 2, p30, this is "extremely rare in France, but common enough in Italy and Greece
↑  Didron, Vol 2, pp.68-71
↑  The distinction is observed in the Christ Glorified in the Court of Heaven (1423-4) by فرا أنجيليكو، المعرض الوطني, where only the beatified saints at the edges have radiating linear haloes.
↑  only in Italy, according to Didron, Vol 2 p.79.
↑  see Didron, Vol 2 p.79 and Dodwell, C.R.; The Pictorial arts of the West, 800-1200, 1993, Yale UP, (ردمك 0-300-06493-4), p. 170
↑  Johannes Diaconus gives the reason: circa verticem tabulae similitudinem, quod viventis insigne est, preferens, non-coronam ("bearing around his head the likeness of a square, which is the sign for a living person, and not a crown") (Migne, Pat. Lat. 75, 231). The deacon of Rome was unaware of the Eastern tradition of depicting the emperor with a halo. Surviving examples are rare, and seem to be becoming rarer; Bishop Ecclesius has a clear one in older photos of the mosaics in كنيسة القديس فيتالي, which appears to have been removed in recent restoration Cupola of the choir – see: James Hall, A History of Ideas and Images in Italian Art, p100 & photo p.93, 1983, John Murray, London, (ردمك 0-7195-3971-4). Other surviving examples are أدريان الأول in a mural formerly in Santa Prassede, Rome, donor figures in the church at دير سانت كاترين and two more Roman examples – items 3 and 5 نسخة محفوظة 30 June 2007 على موقع واي باك مشين., one of Paschal's mother, the rather mysterious Episcopa Theodora. see also: Fisher, Sally. The Square Halo and Other Mysteries of Western Art: Images and the Stories that Inspired Them. Edited by Harriet Whelchel, Harry N Abrams, Inc., 1995
↑  Becklectic، made by photographer. "Joshua. Fresco from the Dura Europos synagogue (Jewish Art, ed. Cecil Roth, Tel Aviv: Massadah Press, 1961, cols. 203-204: "Joshua")". مؤرشف من الأصل في 2016-10-06. {{استشهاد ويب}}: الوسيط غير المعروف |بواسطة= تم تجاهله يقترح استخدام |عبر= (مساعدة)
↑  As in the frescoes by the workshop of Giotto in the lower church at Assisi. James Hall, A History of Ideas and Images in Italian Art, p202, 1983, John Murray, London, (ردمك 0-7195-3971-4)
↑  Didron, Vol 2, pp. 107-126
↑  Robin Margaret Jensen, Understanding Early Christian Art, p. 112, 2000, Routledge, (ردمك 0-415-20454-2)
↑  The ring of fire is ascribed other meanings in many accounts of the iconography of the Nataraja, but many other types of statue have similar aureoles, and their origin as such is clear.
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ضبط استنادي: وطنية :  المكتبة القومية الإسرائيلية (J9U)  مكتبة الكونغرس (LCNAF) 
بوابة المسيحية
بوابة فنون
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