انتشار المسوؤلية
مراجع

↑  Kassin, Fein, Markus, Burke (2013). Social Psychology. Toronto: Nelson Education.{{استشهاد بكتاب}}:  صيانة الاستشهاد: أسماء متعددة: قائمة المؤلفين (link)
↑  Ciccarelli, S. K. & White, J. N. (2009). Psychology (2nd ed.) New Jersey: Pearson Education. ISBN 978-0-13-600428-8.
↑  Jaffe، Adi (21 مايو 2019). "Diffusion of Responsibility and the Danger for Addiction". Psychology Today. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2023-04-14.
↑  Darley, J. M. & Latané, B. (1968). Bystander intervention in emergencies: diffusion of responsibility. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 8, 377-383.
↑  Leary, M. R. & Forsyth, D. R. (1987). Attributions of responsibility for collective endeavors. Review of Personality and Social Psychology, 8, 167-188.
↑  Constansab، Joseph (1999). "Interpretive Biases for Ambiguous Stimuli in Social Anxiety". Behaviour Research and Therapy. ج. 37 ع. 7: 643–651. DOI:10.1016/S0005-7967(98)00180-6. PMID:10402689.
↑  Henry, Stuart. Recent Developments in Criminological Theory: Toward Disciplinary Diversity and Theoretical Integration. Routledge, 2017.
1 2 3 4 5  Barron، Greg؛ Yechiam، Eldad (سبتمبر 2002). "Private e-mail requests and the diffusion of responsibility". Computers in Human Behavior. ج. 18 ع. 5: 507–520. DOI:10.1016/S0747-5632(02)00007-9.
↑  Thompson, Leigh (2011). Making the team. Chapter 2 Performance and Productivity: Team Performance Criteria and Threats to Productivity
↑  Mitchell، Russ (25 يناير 2018). "Analysis: Tesla crash highlights a problem: When cars are partly self-driving, humans don't feel responsible". Los Angeles Times. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2022-11-21.
1 2  Latané، B.؛ Nida، S. (1981). "Ten years of research on group size and helping". Psychological Bulletin. ج. 89 ع. 2: 308–324. DOI:10.1037/0033-2909.89.2.308. S2CID:14358460.
↑  Mathes، E. W.؛ Kahn، A. (1975). "Diffusion of responsibility and extreme behaviour". Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. ج. 31 ع. 5: 881–886. DOI:10.1037/h0076695.
↑  Wallach، M. A.؛ Kogan، N.؛ Bem، D. J. (1964). "Diffusion of responsibility and level of risk taking in groups" (PDF). Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology. ج. 68 ع. 3: 263–274. DOI:10.1037/h0042190. hdl:2027.42/108279. PMID:14126840. مؤرشف من الأصل (PDF) في 2022-12-23.
↑  Le Bon, G. (1995, 1895). The crowd: a study of the popular mind. London: Transaction. (ردمك 978-1-56000-788-3).
↑  Bandura، Albert (أغسطس 1999). "Moral Disengagement in the Perpetration of Inhumanities". Personality and Social Psychology Review. ج. 3 ع. 3: 193–209. CiteSeerX:10.1.1.596.5502. DOI:10.1207/s15327957pspr0303_3. PMID:15661671. S2CID:1589183.
↑  Vanderslice، Virginia (1988). "Separating Leadership from Leaders: An Assessment of the Effect of Leader and Follower Roles in Organizations". Human Relations. ج. 41 ع. 9: 681–682. DOI:10.1177/001872678804100903. S2CID:146748545.
↑  Ahmed، S. M. S. (1 يوليو 2010). "Helping Behavior as Predicted by Diffusion of Responsibility, Exchange Theory, and Traditional Sex Norm". The Journal of Social Psychology. ج. 109: 153–154. DOI:10.1080/00224545.1979.9933654.
↑  Hollingshead، Andrea B.؛ Wittenbaum، Gwen M.؛ Paulus، Paul B.؛ Hirokawa، Randy Y.؛ Ancona، Deborah G.؛ Peterson، Randall S.؛ Jehn، Karen A.؛ Yoon، Kay (2005). "A Look at Groups from the Functional Perspective". Theories of Small Groups: Interdisciplinary Perspectives. ص. 21–62. DOI:10.4135/9781483328935.n2. ISBN:978-0-7619-3076-1. SSRN:1802080.
↑  Karau، S.؛ Williams، K. (1993). "Social loafing: A meta-analytic review and theoretical integration". Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. ج. 65 ع. 4: 681–706. DOI:10.1037/0022-3514.65.4.681. S2CID:12694148.
↑  Karau، S. J.؛ Williams، K. D. (1995). "Social loafing: Research findings, implications, and future directions". Current Directions in Psychological Science. ج. 4 ع. 5: 134–140. DOI:10.1111/1467-8721.ep10772570. S2CID:143679359.
1 2 3  Darley، J. M.؛ Latané، B. (1968). "Bystander intervention in emergencies: diffusion of responsibility". Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. ج. 8 ع. 4, Pt.1: 377–383. DOI:10.1037/h0025589. PMID:5645600. S2CID:9665680.
↑  Tobin، K. E.؛ Davey، M. A.؛ Latkin، C. A. (2005). "Calling emergency medical services during drug overdose: An examination of individual, social and setting correlates". Addiction. ج. 100 ع. 3: 397–404. DOI:10.1111/j.1360-0443.2005.00975.x. PMID:15733253.
↑  Vaillancourt، C.؛ Stiell، I. G.؛ Wells، G. A. (2008). "Understanding and improving low bystander CPR rates: A systematic review of the literature". Journal of the Canadian Association of Emergency Physicians. ج. 10 ع. 1: 51–65. DOI:10.1017/s1481803500010010. PMID:18226319.
↑  Tiegen، K. H.؛ Brun، W. (2011). "Responsibility is divisible by two, but not three or four: Judgments of responsibility in dyads and groups". Social Cognition. ج. 29: 15–42. DOI:10.1521/soco.2011.29.1.15.
↑  Bateson، Nicholas (أبريل 1966). "Familiarization, group discussion, and risk taking". Journal of Experimental Social Psychology. ج. 2 ع. 2: 119–129. DOI:10.1016/0022-1031(66)90073-4.
↑  Teger، Allan I.؛ Pruitt، Dean G. (1967). "Components of group risk taking". Journal of Experimental Social Psychology. ج. 3 ع. 2: 189–205. DOI:10.1016/0022-1031(67)90022-4.
↑  Wallach، M. A.؛ Kogan، N.؛ Bem، D. J. (1962). "Group influence on individual risk taking" (PDF). Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology. ج. 65 ع. 2: 75–86. DOI:10.1037/h0044376. hdl:2027.42/108371. PMID:14004673. مؤرشف من الأصل (PDF) في 2022-12-23.
↑  Mynatt، C.؛ Sherman، S. J. (1975). "Responsibility attribution in groups and individuals: a direct test of the diffusion of responsibility hypothesis". Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. ج. 32 ع. 6: 1111–1118. DOI:10.1037/0022-3514.32.6.1111.
↑  Myers، D. G.؛ Lamm، H. (1976). "The group polarisation phenomenon". Psychological Bulletin. ج. 83 ع. 4: 602–627. DOI:10.1037/0033-2909.83.4.602. S2CID:37390941.
↑  Bateson، N (1966). "Familiarization, group discussion, and risk taking". Journal of Experimental Social Psychology. ج. 2 ع. 2: 119–129. DOI:10.1016/0022-1031(66)90073-4.
↑  Teger، A. I.؛ Pruitt، D. G. (1967). "Components of group risk taking". Journal of Experimental Social Psychology. ج. 3 ع. 2: 189–205. DOI:10.1016/0022-1031(67)90022-4.
↑  Gallo، Marcia M. (2015). 'No One Helped': Kitty Genovese, New York City, and the Myth of Urban Apathy. Cornell University Press. ISBN:978-0-8014-5589-6.
↑  Darley، John M.؛ Latane، Bibb (1968). "When will people help in a crisis?". Psychology Today. ج. 2 ع. 7: 54–57, 70–71. DOI:10.1037/E400142009-006. S2CID:56994921.
↑  Fischer، Peter (2011). "The Bystander-Effect: A Meta-Analytic Review on Bystander Intervention in Dangerous and Non-dangerous Emergencies". Psychological Bulletin. ج. 137 ع. 4: 517–537. DOI:10.1037/a0023304. PMID:21534650.