بشراناوية
مراجع

↑  J. E. Gray (1825). "An Outline of an Attempt at the Disposition of Mammalia into Tribes and Families, with a List of the Genera apparently appertaining to each Tribe". Annals of Philosophy (بالإنجليزية). n.s. v. 10: 338. ISSN:0365-4915. QID:Q121505072. {{استشهاد بدورية محكمة}}: |volume= يحوي نصًّا زائدًا (help)
↑  Fuss، J؛ Spassov، N؛ Begun، DR؛ Böhme، M (2017). "Potential hominin affinities of Graecopithecus from the Late Miocene of Europe". PLoS ONE. ج. 12: e0177127. Bibcode:2017PLoSO..1277127F. DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0177127. PMC:5439669. PMID:28531170.
↑  Reynolds، Sally C؛ Gallagher، Andrew (29 مارس 2012). African Genesis: Perspectives on Hominin Evolution. ISBN:9781107019959. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2020-03-02.
↑  Dunbar، Robin (2014). Human evolution. ISBN:9780141975313.
↑  Wong، Kate (1 سبتمبر 2014). "Tiny Genetic Differences between Humans and Other Primates Pervade the Genome". ساينتفك أمريكان. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2018-06-14.
↑  Mann, Alan؛ Mark Weiss (1996). "Hominoid Phylogeny and Taxonomy: a consideration of the molecular and Fossil Evidence in an Historical Perspective". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. ج. 5 ع. 1: 169–181. DOI:10.1006/mpev.1996.0011. PMID:8673284.
↑  Potts (2010). “What Does It Mean to Be Human?”, pp. 34. (ردمك 978-1-4262-0606-1). National Geographic Society, Washington.
1 2  "Conventionally, taxonomists now refer to the great ape family (including humans) as 'hominids', while all members of the lineage leading to modern humans that arose after the split with the [Homo-Pan] LCA are referred to as 'hominins'. The older literature used the terms hominoids and hominids respectively."Dunbar، Robin (2014). Human evolution. ISBN:9780141975313.
↑  B. Wood (2010). "Reconstructing human evolution: Achievements, challenges, and opportunities". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. ج. 107: 8902–8909. Bibcode:2010PNAS..107.8902W. DOI:10.1073/pnas.1001649107. PMC:3024019. PMID:20445105.
↑  Bradley, B. J. (2006). "Reconstructing Phylogenies and Phenotypes: A Molecular View of Human Evolution". Journal of Anatomy. ج. 212 ع. 4: 337–353. DOI:10.1111/j.1469-7580.2007.00840.x. PMC:2409108. PMID:18380860.
↑  Wood and Richmond.؛ Richmond، BG (2000). "Human evolution: taxonomy and paleobiology". Journal of Anatomy. ج. 197 ع. Pt 1: 19–60. DOI:10.1046/j.1469-7580.2000.19710019.x. PMC:1468107. PMID:10999270. Thus human evolution is the study of the lineage, or clade, comprising species more closely related to modern humans than to chimpanzees. Its stem species is the so-called 'common hominin ancestor', and its only extant member is Homo sapiens. This clade contains all the species more closely related to modern humans than to any other living primate. Until recently, these species were all subsumed into a family, Hominidae, but this group is now more usually recognised as a tribe, the Hominini.
↑  McBrearty, Sally؛ Nina G. Jablonski (2005). "First fossil chimpanzee". Nature. ج. 437 ع. 7055: 105–108. Bibcode:2005Natur.437..105M. DOI:10.1038/nature04008. PMID:16136135.
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