يونانيون
مراجع

↑  Maratou-Alipranti 2013، صفحة 196: "The Greek diaspora remains large, consisting of up to 4 million people globally."
↑  Clogg 2013، صفحة 228: "Greeks of the diaspora, settled in some 141 countries, were held to number 7 million although it is not clear how this figure was arrived at or what criteria were used to define Greek ethnicity, while the population of the homeland, according to the 1991 census, amounted to some 10.25 million."
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20  وصلة مرجع: https://web.archive.org/web/20090324213830/http://www.statistics.gr/gr_tables/S1101_SAP_09_TB_DC_01_01_Y.pdf.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20  وصلة مرجع: http://factfinder.census.gov/servlet/DTTable?_bm=y&-geo_id=01000US&-ds_name=ACS_2008_1YR_G00_&-_lang=en&-redoLog=true&-mt_name=ACS_2008_1YR_G2000_C04003&-format=&-CONTEXT=dt. مسار الأرشيف: https://www.webcitation.org/684CyhTSh?url=http://factfinder2.census.gov/legacy/aff_sunset.html?_bm=y. تاريخ الأرشيف: 31 مايو 2012.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20  وصلة مرجع: http://www.censusdata.abs.gov.au/ABSNavigation/prenav/PopularAreas?ReadForm&prenavtabname=Popular%20Locations&type=popular&&navmapdisplayed=true&javascript=true&textversion=false&collection=Census&period=2006&producttype=Census%20Tables&method=Place%20of%20Usual%20Residence&productlabel=Ancestry%20by%20Country%20of%20Birth%20of%20Parents&breadcrumb=POTL&topic=Ancestry.
↑  "2011 Population and Housing Census". Hellenic Statistical Authority. 12 سبتمبر 2014. مؤرشف من الأصل (PDF) في 2018-10-23. The Resident Population of Greece is 10.816.286, of which 5.303.223 male (49,0%) and 5.513.063 female (51,0%) ... The total number of permanent residents of Greece with foreign citizenship during the Census was 912.000. [See Graph 6: Resident Population by Citizenship]
↑  "Statistical Data on Immigrants in Greece: An Analytic Study of Available Data and Recommendations for Conformity with European Union Standards" (PDF). Archive of European Integration (AEI). University of Pittsburgh. 15 نوفمبر 2004. مؤرشف من الأصل (PDF) في 2018-11-13. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2016-05-18. [p. 5] The Census recorded 762.191 persons normally resident in Greece and without Greek citizenship, constituting around 7% of total population. Of these, 48.560 are EU or EFTA nationals; there are also 17.426 Cypriots with privileged status.
1 2 3 4 5  Roberts 2007، صفحات 171–172, 222.
↑  Latacz 2004، صفحات 159, 165–166.
1 2 3 4  Sutton 1996.
↑  Beaton 1996، صفحات 1–25.
1 2  "Genocide Scholars Association Officially Recognizes Assyrian, Greek Genocides" (PDF) (Press release). الجمعية الدولية لعلماء الإبادة الجماعية. 16 ديسمبر 2007. مؤرشف من الأصل (PDF) في 2008-02-27.
1 2  Bjørnlund 2008، صفحات 41–58; Schaller & Zimmerer 2008، صفحات 7–14; Levene 1998، صفحة 393; Tatz 2003، صفحات xiii, 178.
↑  "Religious Belief and National Belonging in Central and Eastern Europe". Pew Research Center. 10 مايو 2017. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2019-04-27. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2017-09-09.
↑  كتاب حقائق العالم on Greece: Greek Orthodox 98%, مسلمون يونانيون 1.3%, other 0.7%.
1 2 3  van der Horst 1998، صفحات 9–11; Voegelin & Moulakis 1997، صفحات 175–179
↑  Guibernau & Hutchinson 2004، صفحة 23: "Indeed, Smith emphasizes that the myth of divine election sustains the continuity of cultural identity, and, in that regard, has enabled certain pre-modern communities such as the Jews, Armenians, and Greeks to survive and persist over centuries and millennia (Smith 1993: 15–20)."
↑  Smith 1999، صفحة 21: "It emphasizes the role of myths, memories and symbols of ethnic chosenness, trauma, and the 'golden age' of saints, sages, and heroes in the rise of modern nationalism among the Jews, Armenians, and Greeks—the archetypal diaspora peoples."
↑  Bryce 2006، صفحة 91
↑  Cadogan & Langdon Caskey 1986، صفحة 125
↑  "The Greeks". Encyclopædia Britannica. US: Encyclopædia Britannica Inc. 2008. Online Edition.
↑  Chadwick، John (1976). The Mycenaean world. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ص. 1–3. ISBN:978-0-521-29037-1. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2017-03-26.
↑  فلاديمير آي. جورجييف, for example, placed Proto-Greek in northwestern Greece during the Late Neolithic period. (Georgiev 1981، p. 192: "Late Neolithic Period: in northwestern Greece the Proto-Greek language had already been formed: this is the original home of the Greeks.")
↑  Gray & Atkinson 2003، صفحات 437–438; Atkinson & Gray 2006، صفحة 102.
1 2  "Linear A and Linear B". Encyclopædia Britannica. Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2019-04-06. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2016-03-03.
↑  Castleden 2005، صفحة 228.
↑  Tartaron 2013، صفحة 28; Schofield 2006، صفحات 71–72; Panayotou 2007، صفحات 417–426.
↑  Hall 2014، صفحة 43.
↑  Chadwick 1976، صفحة 176.
1 2  Castleden 2005، صفحة 2.
↑  Hansen 2004، صفحة 7; Podzuweit 1982، صفحات 65–88.
↑  Castleden 2005، صفحة 235; Dietrich 1974، صفحة 156.
↑  Colin Hynson, Ancient Greece (Milwaukee: World Almanac Library, 2006), 4. نسخة محفوظة 04 ديسمبر 2016 على موقع واي باك مشين.
↑  Carol G. Thomas, Paths from Ancient Greece (Leiden, Netherlands: E. J. Brill, 1988). نسخة محفوظة 04 ديسمبر 2016 على موقع واي باك مشين.
↑  Burckhardt 1999، p. 168: "The establishment of these Panhellenic sites, which yet remained exclusively Hellenic, was a very important element in the growth and self-consciousness of Hellenic nationalism; it was uniquely decisive in breaking down enmity between tribes, and remained the most powerful obstacle to fragmentation into mutually hostile poleis."
↑  Morgan 1990، صفحات 1–25, 148–190.
↑  "Ancient Greek Civilization". Encyclopædia Britannica. United States: Encyclopædia Britannica Inc. 18 فبراير 2016. Online Edition. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2019-11-17.
↑  "Plato's Academy". Hellenic Ministry of Culture. www.culture.gr. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2007-03-21. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2007-03-28.
↑  CNN & Associated Press (16 يناير 1997). "Greece uncovers 'holy grail' of Greek archeology". CNN.com. CNN.com. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2005-04-04. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2007-03-28. {{استشهاد بخبر}}: |الأخير= باسم عام (مساعدة)
↑  "Ancient History in depth  The Democratic Experiment". BBC. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2018-10-03. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2007-12-26.
↑  Encarta: Ancient Greece. Retrieved on 26 January 2007. 2009-10-31. نسخة محفوظة 2009-10-28 على موقع واي باك مشين.
↑  Konstan 2001، صفحات 29–50.
↑  Steinberger 2000، صفحة 17; Burger 2008، صفحات 57–58.
↑  Burger 2008، صفحات 57–58: "Poleis continued to go to war with each other. The Peloponnesian War (431–404 BC) made this painfully clear. The war (really two wars punctuated by a peace) was a duel between Greece's two leading cities, Athens and Sparta. Most other poleis, however, got sucked into the conflict as allies of one side or the other ... The fact that Greeks were willing to fight for their cities against other Greeks in conflicts like the Peloponnesian War showed the limits of the pull of Hellas compared with that of the polis."
↑  Fox، Robin Lane (2004). "Riding with Alexander". Archaeology. The Archaeological Institute of America. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2012-11-02. Alexander inherited the idea of an invasion of the Persian Empire from his father Philip whose advance-force was already out in Asia in 336 BC. Philips campaign had the slogan of "freeing the Greeks" in Asia and "punishing the Persians" for their past sacrileges during their own invasion (a century and a half earlier) of Greece. No doubt, Philip wanted glory and plunder.
↑  Brice 2012، صفحات 281–286.
↑  "Alexander the Great". Columbia Encyclopedia. United States: Columbia University Press. 2008. Online Edition.
↑  Green 2008، صفحة xiii.
↑  Morris، Ian (ديسمبر 2005). "Growth of the Greek Colonies in the First Millennium BC" (PDF). Princeton/Stanford Working Papers in Classics. Princeton/Stanford University. مؤرشف من الأصل (PDF) في 2018-11-13.
↑  Wood 2001، صفحة 8.
1 2  Boardman, Griffin & Murray 1991، صفحة 364
↑  Arun، Neil (7 أغسطس 2007). "Alexander's Gulf outpost uncovered". BBC News. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2019-04-30.
↑  Grant 1990، Introduction.
1 2  "Hellenistic age". Encyclopædia Britannica. United States: Encyclopædia Britannica Inc. 27 مايو 2015. Online Edition. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2020-01-26.
1 2 3 4  Harris 1991، صفحات 137–138.
↑  Lucore 2009، صفحة 51: "The Hellenistic period is commonly portrayed as the great age of Greek scientific discovery, above all in mathematics and astronomy."
↑  Maura Ellyn؛ Maura McGinnis (2004). Greece: A Primary Source Cultural Guide. The Rosen Publishing Group. ص. 8. ISBN:978-0-8239-3999-2. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2020-02-24.
↑  John E. Findling؛ Kimberly D. Pelle (2004). Encyclopedia of the Modern Olympic Movement. Greenwood Publishing Group. ص. 23. ISBN:978-0-313-32278-5. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2019-12-01.
↑  Foltz 2010، صفحات 43–46.
↑  Burton 1993، صفحات 244–245.
↑  Zoch 2000، صفحة 136.
↑  "Hellenistic religion". Encyclopædia Britannica. United States: Encyclopædia Britannica Inc. 13 مايو 2015. Online Edition. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2019-06-27.
↑  Ferguson 2003، صفحات 617–618.
↑  Dunstan 2011، صفحة 500.
↑  Milburn 1988، صفحة 158.
↑  Makrides 2009، صفحة 206.
↑  Kaldellis 2008، صفحات 35–40.
↑  Howatson 1989، صفحة 264: "From the fourth century AD onwards the Greeks of the eastern Roman empire called themselves Rhomaioi ('Romans') ..."
1 2  Cameron 2009، صفحة 7.
↑  Stouraitis 2014، صفحات 176, 177.
↑  Finkelberg 2012، صفحة 20.
1 2  Burstein 1988، صفحات 47–49.
↑  Harrison 2002، صفحة 268: "Roman, Greek (if not used in its sense of 'pagan') and Christian became synonymous terms, counterposed to 'foreigner', 'barbarian', 'infidel'. The citizens of the Empire, now predominantly of Greek ethnicity and language, were often called simply ό χριστώνυμος λαός ['the people who bear Christ's name']."
↑  Earl 1968، صفحة 148.
↑  Paul the Silentiary. Descriptio S. Sophiae et Ambonis, 425, Line 12 ("χῶρος ὅδε Γραικοῖσι"); ثيودور الستوديت. Epistulae, 419, Line 30 ("ἐν Γραικοῖς").
↑  Angelov 2007، صفحة 96 (including footnote #67); Makrides 2009، Chapter 2: "Christian Monotheism, Orthodox Christianity, Greek Orthodoxy", p. 74; Magdalino 1991، Chapter XIV: "Hellenism and Nationalism in Byzantium", p. 10.
↑  "Byzantine Empire". Encyclopædia Britannica. United States: Encyclopædia Britannica Inc. 23 ديسمبر 2015. Online Edition. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2019-09-04.
1 2  Haldon 1997، صفحة 50.
↑  Shahid 1972، صفحات 295–296, 305.
↑  Klein 2004، صفحة 290 (Note #39); Annales Fuldenses, 389: "Mense lanuario c. epiphaniam Basilii, Graecorum imperatoris, legati cum muneribus et epistolis ad Hludowicum regem Radasbonam venerunt ...".
↑  Fouracre & Gerberding 1996، صفحة 345: "The Frankish court no longer regarded the Byzantine Empire as holding valid claims of universality; instead it was now termed the 'Empire of the Greeks'."
↑  Angelov 2007، صفحة 96 (including footnote #67); Makrides 2009، صفحة 74; Magdalino 1991، Chapter XIV: "Hellenism and Nationalism in Byzantium", p. 10.
↑  Page 2008، صفحات 66, 87, 256
↑  Kaplanis 2014، صفحات 86–7
1 2  الحضارة البيزنطية نسخة محفوظة 20 أكتوبر 2016 على موقع واي باك مشين.
↑  Rautman, M.L. p. 77
↑  Janin (1964), passim
↑  "Preserving The Intellectual Heritage--Preface". مؤرشف من الأصل في 2017-10-20.
↑  Marina Loukaki: "Université. Domaine byzantin", in: Dictionnaire encyclopédique du Moyen Âge, Vol. 2, Éditions du Cerf, Paris, 1997, ISBN 2-204-05866-1, p. 1553: «Le nom "université" désigne au Moyen Âge occidental une organisation corporative des élèves et des maîtres, avec ses fonctions et privilèges, qui cultive un ensemble d'études supérieures. L'existence d'une telle institution est fort contestée pour Byzance. Seule l'école de Constantinople sous Théodose Il peut être prise pour une institution universitaire. Par la loi de 425, l'empereur a établi l'"université de Constantinople", avec 31 professeurs rémunérés par l'État qui jouissaient du monopole des cours publics.»
1 2 3 4 5 6  "Greece during the Byzantine period (c. AD 300–c. 1453), Population and languages, Emerging Greek identity". Encyclopædia Britannica. United States: Encyclopædia Britannica Inc. 2008. Online Edition.
↑  Angold 1975، صفحة 65, Page 2008، صفحة 127.
↑  Kaplanis 2014، صفحة 92.
↑  Vasiliev, Alexander A. (1964). History of the Byzantine Empire, 324–1453 (بالإنجليزية). University of Wisconsin Press. p. 582. ISBN:9780299809256. Archived from the original on 2020-03-13. {{استشهاد بكتاب}}: |archive-date= / |archive-url= timestamp mismatch (help)
↑  Jane Perry Clark Carey؛ Andrew Galbraith Carey (1968). The Web of Modern Greek Politics. Columbia University Press. ص. 33. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2020-01-26. By the end of the fourteenth century the Byzantine emperor was often called "Emperor of the Hellenes"
↑  Mango 1965، صفحة 33.
↑  See for example Anthony Bryer, 'The Empire of Trebizond and the Pontus' (Variourum, 1980), and his 'Migration and Settlement in the Caucasus and Anatolia' (Variourum, 1988), and other works listed in يونانيون القوقاز and يونانيون بنطيون.
↑  Norwich 1998، صفحة xxi.
↑  Harris 1999، Part II Medieval Libraries: Chapter 6 Byzantine and Moslem Libraries, pp. 71–88
1 2  "Renaissance". Encyclopædia Britannica. United States: Encyclopædia Britannica Inc. 30 مارس 2016. Online Edition. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2019-12-02.
↑  Robins 1993، صفحة 8.
↑  "Aristotelianism". Encyclopædia Britannica. United States: Encyclopædia Britannica Inc. 2016. Online Edition. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2019-10-21.
↑  "Cyril and Methodius, Saints". The Columbia Encyclopedia. United States: Columbia University Press. 2016. Online Edition. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2016-06-05.
1 2  "Phanariote". Encyclopædia Britannica. United States: Encyclopædia Britannica Inc. 2016. Online Edition. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2019-10-23.
↑  Svoronos, p. 87
↑  Svoronos, p. 83.
↑  "يونانيو إسطنبول: البطريركية المسكونية على عتبة القرن الـ 21، جماعة تبحث عن مُستقبل" نسخة محفوظة 12 مارس 2016 على موقع واي باك مشين.
1 2 3 4  Mazower 2002، صفحات 105–107.
↑  "History of Europe, The Romans". Encyclopædia Britannica. United States: Encyclopædia Britannica Inc. 2008. Online Edition.
↑  Mavrocordatos، Nicholaos (1800). Philotheou Parerga. Grēgorios Kōnstantas (Original from Harvard University Library). Γένος μεν ημίν των άγαν Ελλήνων
↑  Harrison 2002، صفحات 276–277: "The Greeks belonged to the community of the Orthodox subjects of the Sultan. But within that larger unity they formed a self-conscious group marked off from their fellow Orthodox by language and culture and by a tradition of education never entirely interrupted, which maintained their Greek identity."
↑  Kakavas 2002، صفحة 29: "All the peoples belonging to the flock of the Ecumenical Patriarchate declared themselves Graikoi (Greeks) or Romaioi (Romans - Rums)."
↑  F. W. Hasluck (1929) Chrstianity and Islam Under the Sultans, ed. Clarendon press, Oxford, vol. 2, pp. 469-474.  نسخة محفوظة 15 ديسمبر 2014 على موقع واي باك مشين.
1 2 3  "History of Greece, Ottoman Empire, The merchant middle class". Encyclopædia Britannica. United States: Encyclopædia Britannica Inc. 2008. Online Edition.
↑  "Greek Constitution of 1822 (Epidaurus)" (PDF) (باليونانية). 1822. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2019-04-01.
↑  Jones, Adam (2010). Genocide: A Comprehensive Introduction. Routledge. ص. 163. ISBN:978-1136937972. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2017-08-04.
↑  Howland, Charles P. "Greece and Her Refugees", Foreign Affairs, مجلس العلاقات الخارجية. July, 1926. "نسخة مؤرشفة". مؤرشف من الأصل في 2015-04-07. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2019-02-24.{{استشهاد ويب}}:  صيانة الاستشهاد: BOT: original URL status unknown (link)
↑  Resolution on genocides committed by the Ottoman empire (PDF)، International Association of Genocide Scholars، مؤرشف من الأصل (نسق المستندات المنقولة) في 2012-01-17.
↑  Gaunt, David. Massacres, Resistance, Protectors: Muslim-Christian Relations in Eastern Anatolia during World War I. Piscataway, New Jersey: Gorgias Press, 2006. نسخة محفوظة 17 مارس 2015 على موقع واي باك مشين.
↑  Schaller، Dominik J؛ Zimmerer، Jürgen (2008). "Late Ottoman genocides: the dissolution of the Ottoman Empire and Young Turkish population and extermination policies – introduction". Journal of Genocide Research. ج. 10 ع. 1: 7–14. DOI:10.1080/14623520801950820.
↑  Barutciski 2003، صفحة 28; Clark 2006، صفحات xi–xv; Hershlag 1980، صفحة 177; Özkırımlı & Sofos 2008، صفحات 116–117.
↑  Üngör 2008، صفحات 15–39.
↑  Pope Francis visit: Turkey's Christians face tense times نسخة محفوظة 25 نوفمبر 2017 على موقع واي باك مشين.
↑  "Turk's Insane Savagery: 10,000 Greeks Dead" in The Times, Friday, May 5, 1922
↑  "5,000 Christians Massacred, Turkish Nationalist Conspiracy" in The Scotsman August 24, 1920
↑  "24 Greek Villages are Given to the Fire" in the Atlanta Constitution March 30, 1922
↑  "Near East Relief Prevented from Helping Greeks" in the Christian Science Monitor July 13, 1922
↑  "Turks will be Turks" in the New York Times September 16, 1922
↑  "More Turkish Atrocities" in Belfast News Letter, Thursday May 16, 1922
↑  (Toynbee 1922, p. 285)
↑  Gilson, George. “Destroying a minority: Turkey’s attack on the Greeks”, عرض الكتب of (Vryonis 2005), Athens News, 24 June 2005. نسخة محفوظة 17 يونيو 2008 على موقع واي باك مشين.
↑  "Alfred de Zayas publication about the Istanbul Pogrom" http://projusticia.net/document/istambul_pogrom1.pdf نسخة محفوظة 2020-09-15 على موقع واي باك مشين.
↑  Thousands decry U.S. in streets of Athens. شيكاغو تريبيون. نسخة محفوظة 16 أبريل 2016 على موقع واي باك مشين.
↑  Marlene Laruelle (1 يوليو 2015). Eurasianism and the European Far Right: Reshaping the Europe–Russia Relationship. Lexington Books. ص. 103–104. ISBN:978-1-4985-1069-1. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2017-03-07.
↑  Nafpliotis، Alexandros (2012). Britain and the Greek Colonels: Accommodating the Junta in the Cold War. London: I.B. Tauris. ص. 276–277. ISBN:9781848859524. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2020-03-13. {{استشهاد بكتاب}}: |archive-date= / |archive-url= timestamp mismatch (مساعدة)
↑  Boyne، Walter J. (2002). Air Warfare: an International Encyclopedia: A-L. ABC-CLIO. ص. 66, 268. ISBN:978-1-57607-345-2. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2016-12-08.
↑  Epirus, 4000 years of Greek history and civilization. M. V. Sakellariou. Ekdotike Athenon, 1997. (ردمك 978-960-213-371-2), p. 367. نسخة محفوظة 08 ديسمبر 2016 على موقع واي باك مشين.
↑  Circular of the Synod of the Greek Orthodox Church. 1901. ص. 288.
↑  History, Editorial Consultant: Adam Hart-Davis. دورلينج كيندرسلي. (ردمك 978-1-85613-062-2).
↑  "Greece". الاتحاد الأوروبي. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2016-07-26. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2007-04-07.
↑  Baten, Jörg (2016). A History of the Global Economy. From 1500 to the Present. Cambridge University Press. ص. 66. ISBN:978-1-107-50718-0.
↑  Broome 1996، "Greek Identity", pp. 22–27
↑  ὅμαιμος, Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, A Greek-English Lexicon, on Perseus نسخة محفوظة 18 أغسطس 2018 على موقع واي باك مشين.
↑  ὁμόγλωσσος, Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, A Greek-English Lexicon, on Perseus نسخة محفوظة 18 أغسطس 2018 على موقع واي باك مشين.
↑  ὁμότροπος, Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, A Greek-English Lexicon, on Perseus) نسخة محفوظة 18 أغسطس 2018 على موقع واي باك مشين.
↑  Herodotus, 8.144.2: "The kinship of all Greeks in blood and speech, and the shrines of gods and the sacrifices that we have in common, and the likeness of our way of life."
↑  Athena S. Leoussi, Steven Grosby, Nationalism and Ethnosymbolism: History, Culture and Ethnicity in the Formation of Nations, Edinburgh University Press, 2006, p. 115
↑  Adrados 2005، صفحة xii.
↑  Finkelberg 2012، صفحة 20; Harrison 2002، صفحة 268; Kazhdan & Constable 1982، صفحة 12; Runciman 1970، صفحة 14.
↑  Ševčenko 2002، صفحة 284.
↑  Sphrantzes، George (1477). The Chronicle of the Fall.
↑  Feraios, Rigas. New Political Constitution of the Inhabitants of Rumeli, Asia Minor, the Islands of the Aegean, and the Principalities of Moldavia and Wallachia.
↑  Koliopoulos & Veremis 2002، صفحة 277.
↑  Smith 2003، صفحة 98: "After the Ottoman conquest in 1453, recognition by the Turks of the Greek millet under its Patriarch and Church helped to ensure the persistence of a separate ethnic identity, which, even if it did not produce a "precocious nationalism" among the Greeks, provided the later Greek enlighteners and nationalists with a cultural constituency fed by political dreams and apocalyptic prophecies of the recapture of Constantinople and the restoration of Greek Byzantium and its Orthodox emperor in all his glory."
↑  Tonkin, Chapman & McDonald 1989.
↑  Patterson 1998، صفحات 18–19.
↑  Psellos، Michael (1994). Michaelis Pselli Orationes Panegyricae. Stuttgart/Leipzig: Walter de Gruyter. ص. 33. ISBN:978-0-297-82057-4.
↑  See Iliad, II.2.530 for "Panhellenes" and Iliad II.2.653 for "Hellenes".
↑  Cartledge 2011، Chapter 4: Argos, p. 23: "The Late Bronze Age in Greece is also called conventionally 'Mycenaean', as we saw in the last chapter. But it might in principle have been called 'Argive', 'Achaean', or 'Danaan', since the three names that Homer does apply to Greeks collectively were 'Argives', 'Achaeans', and 'Danaans'."
↑  Nagy 2014، Texts and Commentaries – Introduction #2: "Panhellenism is the least common denominator of ancient Greek civilization ... The impulse of Panhellenism is already at work in Homeric and Hesiodic poetry. In the Iliad, the names "Achaeans" and "Danaans" and "Argives" are used synonymously in the sense of Panhellenes = "all Hellenes" = "all Greeks.""
↑  Homer. الإلياذة, 2.681–685
1 2  The Parian Marble, Entry #6: "From when Hellen [son of] Deuc[alion] became king of [Phthi]otis and those previously called Graekoi were named Hellenes." نسخة محفوظة 23 أغسطس 2017 على موقع واي باك مشين.
↑  Pseudo-Apollodorus. المكتبة (أبولودورس الزائف).
1 2  Aristotle. Meteorologica, 1.14: "The deluge in the time of Deucalion, for instance took place chiefly in the Greek world and in it especially about ancient Hellas, the country about Dodona and the Achelous." نسخة محفوظة 24 فبراير 2019 على موقع واي باك مشين.
↑  هوميروس. Iliad, 16.233–16.235: "King Zeus, lord of Dodona ... you who hold wintry Dodona in your sway, where your prophets the Selloi dwell around you."
↑  Hesiod. Catalogue of Women, Fragment 5.
↑  Nadia Maria El-Cheikh, Byzantium Viewed by the Arabs, (Harvard University Press, 2004), 24.
↑  Rûm, Nadia El Cheikh, The Encyclopaedia of Islam, Vol. VIII, ed. C.E. Bosworth, E. Van Donzel, W.P. Heinrichs and G. Lecomte, (Brill, 1995), 601.
1 2 3 4  Adrados 2005، صفحات xii, 3–5.
↑  Browning 1983، صفحة vii: "The Homeric poems were first written down in more or less their present form in the seventh century B.C. Since then Greek has enjoyed a continuous tradition down to the present day. Change there has certainly been. But there has been no break like that between Latin and Romance languages. Ancient Greek is not a foreign language to the Greek of today as Anglo-Saxon is to the modern Englishman. The only other language which enjoys comparable continuity of tradition is Chinese."
1 2 3 4  Smith 1991، صفحات 29–32.
↑  Isaac 2004، صفحة 504: "Autochthony, being an Athenian idea and represented in many Athenian texts, is likely to have influenced a broad public of readers, wherever Greek literature was read."
↑  Anna Comnena. أليكسياد, Books 1–15.
↑  Papagrigorakis, Kousoulis & Synodinos 2014، صفحة 237: "Interpreted with caution, the craniofacial morphology in modern and ancient Greeks indicates elements of ethnic group continuation within the unavoidable multicultural mixtures."
↑  Argyropoulos, Sassouni & Xeniotou 1989، صفحة 200: "An overall view of the finding obtained from these cephalometric analyses indicates that the Greek ethnic group has remained genetically stable in its cephalic and facial morphology for the last 4,000 years."
↑  "Πίνακας 9. Πληθυσμός κατά υπηκοότητα και φύλο" (PDF) (باليونانية). Hellenic Statistical Authority. 2001. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2009-02-06. Retrieved 2009-01-07.
↑  "CIA Factbook". Central Intelligence Agency. United States Government. 2007. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2019-05-11. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2008-12-19.
↑  "Census of Population 2001". Γραφείο Τύπου και Πληροφοριών, Υπουργείο Εσωτερικών, Κυπριακή Δημοκρατία. مؤرشف من الأصل في 3 فبراير 2017. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 11 يونيو 2016.
↑  "Greece: Demographic trends". Encyclopædia Britannica. Encyclopædia Britannica Inc. 2016. Online Edition. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2019-07-17.
1 2 3  "Merchant Marine, Tertiary enrollment by age group". Pocket World in Figures (Economist). London: Economist Books. 2006. ص. 150. ISBN:978-1-86197-825-7.
1 2 3  "Cyprus: Demographic trends". Encyclopædia Britannica. Encyclopædia Britannica Inc. 2016. Online Edition. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2019-08-20.
↑  Papadakis, Peristianis & Welz 2006، صفحات 2–3; Borowiec 2000، صفحة 2; Rezun 2001، صفحة 6; Brown 2004، صفحة 48.
↑  Yotopoulos-Marangopoulos 2001، صفحة 24: "In occupied Cyprus on the other hand, where heavy ethnic cleansing took place, only 300 Greek Cypriots remain from the original 200,000!"
↑
↑  Gilson، George (24 يونيو 2005). "Destroying a minority: Turkey's attack on the Greeks". Athens News. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2008-06-17. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2008-12-19.
↑  Vryonis 2005، صفحات 1–10.
↑  Birand، Mehmet Ali (7 سبتمبر 2005). "The shame of Sept. 6-7 is always with us". Hurriyet. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2012-12-09. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2008-12-19.
1 2 3  Prevelakis، George (2003). papers/prevelakis.PDF "Finis Greciae or the Return of the Greeks? State and Diaspora in the Context of Globalisation" (PDF). Oxford: Transnational Communities Programme (Working Paper Series). مؤرشف من الأصل (PDF) في 2018-01-28. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2016-05-16. {{استشهاد ويب}}: تحقق من قيمة |مسار أرشيف= (مساعدة)
↑  Rozen، Mina (2008). Homelands and Diasporas: Greeks, Jews and Their Migrations (International Library of Migration Studies). London, England: I. B. Tauris. ISBN:1845116429.
↑  Βασίλη Μαγδαληνού "Speech by Vasilis Magdalinos". SAE. 29 ديسمبر 2006. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2017-06-29. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2008-12-19. {{استشهاد ويب}}: تحقق من قيمة |مسار أرشيف= (مساعدة)
↑  Greek Ministry of Foreign Affairs نسخة محفوظة 2012-08-19 على موقع واي باك مشين. Relations with Syria
↑  Greek-Speaking Enclaves of Lebanon and Syria by Roula Tsokalidou. Proceedings II Simposio Internacional Bilingüismo. Retrieved 4 December 2006 "نسخة مؤرشفة" (PDF). مؤرشف من الأصل في 2012-07-25. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2019-02-24.{{استشهاد ويب}}:  صيانة الاستشهاد: BOT: original URL status unknown (link)
↑  English version of Greek Ministry of Foreign Affairs reports a few thousand http://www.mfa.gr/missionsabroad/en/egypt-en/bilateral-relations/cultural-relations-and-greek-community.html and Greek version 3.800 http://www.mfa.gr/dimereis-sheseis-tis-ellados/aigyptos/morphotikes-politistikes-sxeseis-kai-apodimos-ellinismos.html نسخة محفوظة 2020-08-07 على موقع واي باك مشين.
↑  Number higher when counting those who have taken Egyptian citizenship
↑  "Meeting on the exercise of voting rights by foreigners of Greek origin". Greek Ministry of Foreign Affairs. 15 يوليو 2008. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2012-02-16. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2008-12-19.
↑  "Non-Greeks and diaspora lose out on voting rights". Ekathimerini.com. 8 فبراير 2014. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2015-01-13. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2015-01-13.
1 2  Boardman 1984، صفحات 199–289.
↑  Horden & Purcell 2000، صفحات 111, 128.
↑
↑
↑  جورج صليبا (27 أبريل 2006). "Islamic Science and the Making of Renaissance Europe". مؤرشف من الأصل في 2018-04-26. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2008-03-01.
↑  E. S. Kennedy, "Late Medieval Planetary Theory," p. 377.
↑  Calotychos 2003، صفحة 16.
1 2  McCabe & Harlaftis 2005، صفحات 147–149.
↑  Kardasis 2001، صفحات xvii–xxi.
↑  Clogg 2000، "The Greeks in America"
↑  Laliotou 2004، صفحات 85–92.