مذبحة روزوود
مراجع وملاحظات

↑  Libby، Jeff (1 فبراير 2004). "Rosewood Descendant Keeps The Memory Alive". Orlando Sentinel. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2018-07-24. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2016-05-03.
1 2  Colburn, David R. (Fall 1997) "Rosewood and America in the Early Twentieth Century", The Florida Historical Quarterly, 76 (2), pp. 175–192.
↑  12] D'Orso, pp. 51–56. ^ Jump up to: a b
1 2  [3] Colburn, David R. (Fall 1997) "Rosewood and America in the Early Twentieth Century", The Florida Historical Quarterly, 76 (2), pp. 175–192. Jump up ^
1 2  [13] Jackson, pp. 82, 241. Jump up ^
↑  [14] Gannon, pp. 300–301. Jump up ^
1 2 3 4 5  [1] Dye, R. Thomas (Spring 1996), "Rosewood, Florida: The Destruction of an African American Community.", The Historian, 58 (3), pp. 605–622. Jump up ^
↑  [15] Jones and McCarthy, pp. 81–82. ^ Jump up to: a b
1 2  [16] Henry, Charles P. (2007). Long overdue: the politics of racial reparations. NYU Press. pp. 70–71. ISBN 978-0-8147-3692-0. Jump up ^
↑  [17] Henry, C. Michael (2004). "Introduction". In C. Michel Henry (ed.). Race, Poverty, and Domestic Policy. Yale ISPS series. New Haven: Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0-300-09541-8. ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8  [18] Moore, Gary (July 25, 1982). "Rosewood", The Floridian, insert magazine of The St. Petersburg Times (Florida), pp. 6–19. Jump up ^
↑  [19] Jones et al., pp. 24–25. Jump up ^
↑  [20] "Ku Klux Klan in Gainesville Gave New Year Parade", The Florida Times-Union, January 3, 1923. Jump up ^
↑  [21] Jones et al., p. 27. Jump up ^
↑  [22] Jones et al., pp. 28–29. Jump up ^
↑  [ملحوظة2] Ernest Parham, a high school student in Cedar Key at the time, told David Colburn, "You could hear the gasps. I think most everyone was shocked. Mr. Pillsbury, he was standing there, and he said, 'Oh my God, now we'll never know who did it.' And then everybody dispersed, just turned and left. They was all really upset with this fella that did the killing. He was not very well thought of, not then, not for years thereafter, for that matter." (D'Orso, p. 194.) Jump up ^
↑  [23] Jones et al., pp. 32–33. Jump up ^
↑  [24] Jones et al., p. 36. Jump up ^
↑  [ملحوظة3] The image was originally published in a news magazine in 1923, referring to the destruction of the town. Its veracity is somewhat disputed. Eva Jenkins, a Rosewood survivor, testified that she knew of no such structure in the town, that it was perhaps an outhouse. Rosewood houses were painted and most of them neat. However, the Florida Archives lists the image as representing the burning of a structure in Rosewood. (D'Orso, pp. 238–239) (Florida Memory Archives Call No. RC12409.) Jump up ^
↑  [25] "Kill Six in Florida; Burn Negro Houses", The New York Times (January 6, 1923) p. 1. ^ Jump up to: a b c d e
↑  [ملحوظة4] Cedar Key resident Jason McElveen, who was in the posse that killed Sam Carter, remarked years later, "He said that they had 'em, and that if we thought we could, to come get 'em. That be just like throwing gasoline on fire ... to tell a bunch of white people that." (Thomas Dye in The Historian, 1996) Both Sylvester Carrier and Sam Carter had been previously arrested; Carrier for changing brands on cattle, and Carter for brandishing a shotgun at a sheriff's deputy. Carter had been released before being indicted, and Carrier, convinced that he was wrongly arrested and the charges were brought about by whites competing for grazing lands, was forced to serve on a chain gang for the summer of 1918, which he deeply resented. (Jones et al., "Incident at Rosewood", p. 30)(D'Orso, p. 104) Carrier's demeanor was vastly different from other blacks in Levy County. He was known to confront whites whom his younger sisters claimed had been rude to them, and made clear that the offending whites would have to deal with him in the future. (Jones, et al. "Appendices", pp. 215–216.) Arnett Doctor said that the story about Taylor being raped arose during the three-day span between the death of Sam Carter and the standoff at the Carrier house (Jones et al., "Appendices", p. 150.) Carrier's wife was of mixed ancestry and so light skinned she could pass for white. All these elements, according to Doctor, made Sylvester Carrier a target. (Jones, et al., "Appendices", p. 162.) Jump up ^
↑  [26] Jones, Maxine (Fall 1997). "The Rosewood Massacre and the Women Who Survived It", Florida Historical Quarterly, 76 (2), pp. 193–208. Jump up ^
↑  [27] Moore, Gary (March 7, 1993). "Wiped Off the Map", Tropic Magazine insert to the Miami Herald, pp. 14–25. Jump up ^
↑  [28] Jones et al., pp. 40–41. Jump up ^
↑  [ملحوظة5] Arnett Doctor, in his interview for the report given to the Florida Board of Regents, claimed that his mother received Christmas cards from Sylvester Carrier until 1964; he was said to have been smuggled out of Rosewood in a coffin and later lived in Texas and Louisiana. His survival was not otherwise documented. (Jones et al., "Appendices", pp. 165–166.) Jump up ^
↑  [29] Jones et al., p. 43. ^ Jump up to: a b
1 2  [30] D'Orso, pp. 48–55. Jump up ^
↑  [18] Moore, Gary (July 25, 1982). "Rosewood", The Floridian, insert magazine of The St. Petersburg Times (Florida), pp. 6–19
بوابة التاريخ
بوابة الولايات المتحدة
بوابة عقد 1920
خريطة روزوود، فلوريدا والبلدات المحيطة