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مراجع

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↑  "Mechanisms of transgenerational inheritance of addictive-like behaviors". Neuroscience. ج. 264: 198–206. 2014. DOI:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2013.07.064. PMID:23920159. However, the components that are responsible for the heritability of characteristics that make an individual more susceptible to drug addiction in humans remain largely unknown given that patterns of inheritance cannot be explained by simple genetic mechanisms (Cloninger et al., 1981; Schuckit et al., 1972). The environment also plays a large role in the development of addiction as evidenced by great societal variability in drug use patterns between countries and across time (UNODC, 2012). Therefore, both genetics and the environment contribute to an individual's vulnerability to become addicted following an initial exposure to drugs of abuse. ... The evidence presented here demonstrates that rapid environmental adaptation occurs following exposure to a number of stimuli. Epigenetic mechanisms represent the key components by which the environment can influence genetics, and they provide the missing link between genetic heritability and environmental influences on the behavioral and physiological phenotypes of the offspring. {{استشهاد بدورية محكمة}}: الوسيط غير المعروف |PMCID= تم تجاهله يقترح استخدام |pmc= (مساعدة)Vassoler FM, Sadri-Vakili G (2014).
1 2 3  "Transgenerational Inheritance of Paternal Neurobehavioral Phenotypes: Stress, Addiction, Ageing and Metabolism" (PDF). Mol. Neurobiol. ج. 53 ع. 9: 6367–6376. 2015. DOI:10.1007/s12035-015-9526-2. PMID:26572641. مؤرشف من الأصل (PDF) في 2022-12-10.
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