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مراجع

↑  The term modello avoids the ambiguity in English of model, which may equally refer to the finished عمل فني that provided detailed inspiration for a variant or later copy.
↑  Glossary, National Gallery, London؛ Irene Earls; Renaissance Art: A Topical Dictionary, Greenwood Publishing Group, 1987, (ردمك 0-313-24658-0). "نسخة مؤرشفة". مؤرشف من الأصل في 2023-04-28. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2024-01-20.{{استشهاد ويب}}:  صيانة الاستشهاد: BOT: original URL status unknown (link)
↑  The texts from five contracts and other documents 1376–1508 published by Michael Hirst (Hirst and Carmen Bambach Cappel, "A Note on the Word Modello', The Art Bulletin 74.1 (March 1992:172–173) are all Tuscan, as Hirst remarks, though the contemporaneous term extended as far as the ماركي.
↑  A bozzetto is a roughly-modelled preliminary sketch in clay for a sculpture; those that survive have mostly been kiln-fired to preserve them.
↑  Fourteenth century uses of modello in connection with Santa Reparata, Florence, are noted in A. Grote, Studien zur Geschichte der Opera Santa Reparata zu Florenz in Vierzehnten Jahrhundert (Munich 1960:113ff).
↑  The Latin term modulus, a synonym of typus, "نمط بدائي" is given as source for the usage in the Tusacan أكاديمية كروسكا's early dictionaries; other early dictionary definitions in Italian are noted by Carmen Bambach Cappel 1992:173. See also Donor portrait
↑  Michelangelo was in the habit of assigning to members of his studio modelli done to his specifications: "in Michelagelo studies the presentation drawings are understood to be the group of finished drawings that Michelangelo gave to his friends such as Tommaso de' Cavallieri", remarked Bernadine Barnes (Barnes "A Lost Modello for Michelangelo's 'Last Judgment'" Master Drawings 26.3 (Autumn 1988:239–248) p. 247 note 4) in justifying her use of modello for the lost original of two copies in public collections. In the case of architectural modelli, the actual construction could be by craftsmen from drawings by the architect. A discussion about a Hieronymous Bosch drawing that illustrates when the term is appropriate to use is in note 23 on page 21 of: J.O. Hand & M. Wolff, Early Netherlandish Painting, National Gallery of Art, Washington catalogue (Cambridge UP), 1986, (ردمك 0-521-34016-0); the correspondence concerning the appropriateness or not of modello applied by Michael Hirst to presentation drawings by Michelangelo that were "done expressly for patronal approval, criticism or rejection" (Hirst, Michelangelo and His Drawings, 1988:79) is noted above. نسخة محفوظة 2024-01-21 على موقع واي باك مشين.
↑  A small finished bronze representing a completed sculpture on a reduced scale, made for a جهبذ (تذوق) or the art market, is a reduction.
↑  See: Jonathan Brown, Richard G. Mann; Spanish Paintings of the Fifteenth Through Nineteenth Centuries: The Collections of the National Gallery of Art Systematic Catalogue, National Gallery of Art, Oxford University Press US, 1990, (ردمك 0-521-40107-0). In the last paragraph of p.73, the view is advanced that an El Greco was produced as a ricordo for the first version of a work, and then used as the modello for a second version. "نسخة مؤرشفة". مؤرشف من الأصل في 2024-01-21. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2024-01-20. {{استشهاد ويب}}: الوسيط |تاريخ أرشيف= و|تاريخ-الأرشيف= تكرر أكثر من مرة (مساعدة) والوسيط |مسار أرشيف= و|مسار-الأرشيف= تكرر أكثر من مرة (مساعدة)صيانة الاستشهاد: BOT: original URL status unknown (link)
↑  Compare with Brunelleschi's unsuccessful version. Both are in the Bargello نسخة محفوظة 2016-12-16 على موقع واي باك مشين.
↑  Levey, Michael, The 17th and 18th century Italian Schools; National Gallery Catalogues, p.223, 1971, National Gallery, London, (ردمك 0-901791-09-1)
↑  Braham Helen, The Princes Gate Collection, p. 74, Courtauld Institute Galleries, London 1981, (ردمك 0-904563-04-9) Courtauld Institute image – note this is reversed compared to the final painting. نسخة محفوظة 2022-03-12 على موقع واي باك مشين.
↑  Francisco Bayeu. Saragossa; Review of Exhibition by Xavier Bray, The Burlington Magazine, Vol. 138, No. 1120 (Jul., 1996), p. 479, note 3. JSTOR – on free page نسخة محفوظة 2024-01-21 على موقع واي باك مشين.
↑  National Gallery, London نسخة محفوظة 2024-01-21 على موقع واي باك مشين.
↑  Cartoons for قماش النجود were always at full scale; often cut into loom-width strips, they were set behind the warps of the loom as a direct guide for the weavers. The most famous tapestry cartoons are the "Raphael Cartoons" conserved in the متحف فكتوريا وألبرت, for the كنيسة سيستينا tapestries; they were re-used in the 17th century in England to produce sets of Mortlake tapestries  ‏.
↑  Surprisingly, the word does not appear in the original قاموس أكسفورد الإنجليزي or the First Supplement of 1933
↑  "A most beautiful modello of all the works, which is today in our houses in Arezzo."
↑  In vol. II, section "Breve instruttione per dipingere a fresco", noted by Carmen Bambach Cappel, loc. cit..
↑  Explore St Paul's – Wren's Great Model نسخة محفوظة 2023-06-08 على موقع واي باك مشين.
تضحية إسحاق ; نموذج المنافسة الناجح لورنزو جبرتي للأبواب البرونزية لمعمودية فلورنسا، بارجيلو.
يُظهر مايكل أنجلو للبابا يوليوس الثاني نموذجه لكنيسة القديس بطرس في هذا الانطباع الفني الذي يعود إلى القرن التاسع عشر