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مراجع

↑  Bishop, D., & Norbury, C. F. (2008). Speech and language disorders. In M. Rutter, D. Bishop, D. Pine, S. Scott, J. Stevenson, E. Taylor & A. Thapar (Eds.), Rutter's Child and Adolescent Psychiatry (pp. 782-801). Oxford: Blackwell.
↑  Bishop, D. V. M. (1997). Uncommon Understanding: Development and Disorders of Language Comprehension in Children. Hove: Psychology Press.
↑  Thal, D. J., & Katich, J. (1997). Predicaments in early identification of specific language impairment: Does the early bird always catch the worm? In K. N. Cole, P. S. Dale & D. J. Thal (Eds.), Assessment of communication and language (pp. 1-28). Baltimore: Paul H. Brookes..
↑  Tomblin, J. B., Records, N., & Zhang, X. (1996). A system for the diagnosis of specific language impairment in kindergarten children. Journal of Speech and Hearing Research, 39, 1284-1294.
↑  Ingram, T. T. S., & Reid, J. F. (1956). Developmental aphasia observed in a department of child psychiatry. Archives of Disease in Childhood, 31, 161-172.
↑  Bishop, D. V. M. (2004). Specific language impairment: diagnostic dilemmas. In L. Verhoeven & H. Van Balkom (Eds.), Classification of Developmental Language Disorders (pp. 309-326). Mahwah, NJ.: Erlbaum.
↑  Rapin, I., & Allen, D. (1983). Developmental language disorders: nosologic considerations. In U. Kirk (Ed.), Neuropsychology of language, reading, and spelling (pp. 155-184). New York: Academic Press.
↑  Rapin, I. (1996). Practitioner review: Developmental language disorders: A clinical update.Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 37(6), 643-655.
↑  Dale, P. S., & Cole, K. N. (1991). What's normal? Specific language impairment in an individual differences perspective. Language, Speech and Hearing Services in Schools, 22, 80-83.
↑  Conti-Ramsden, G., & Botting, N. (1999). Classification of children with specific language impairment: Longitudinal considerations. Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research, 42(5), 1195-1204.
↑  Leonard, L. B. (1998). Children with specific language impairment. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
↑  Rice, M. L., & Bode, J. V. (1993). GAPS in the verb lexicons of children with specific language impairment. First Language, 13(37), 113-131.
↑  Stackhouse, J., & Wells, B. (1997). Children's speech and literacy difficulties: a psycholinguistic approach. London: Whurr Publishers.
↑  Bishop, D. V. M. (2000). Pragmatic language impairment: a correlate of SLI, a distinct subgroup, or part of the autistic continuum? In D. V. M. Bishop & L. B. Leonard (Eds.), Speech and Language Impairments in Children: Causes, Characteristics, Intervention and Outcome (pp. 99-113). Hove, UK: Psychology Press.
↑  Bishop, D., & Rutter, M. (2008). Neurodevelopmental disorders: conceptual approaches. In M. Rutter, D. Bishop, D. Pine, S. Scott, J. Stevenson, E. Taylor & A. Thapar (Eds.), Rutter's Child and Adolescent Psychiatry (pp. 32-41). Oxford: Blackwell.
↑  Bishop, D. V. M., & Snowling, M. J. (2004). Developmental dyslexia and Specific Language Impairment: Same or different? Psychological Bulletin, 130, 858-886.
↑  Bishop, D. V. M. (2008). Specific language impairment, dyslexia, and autism: Using genetics to unravel their relationship. In C. F. Norbury, J. B. Tomblin & D. V. M. Bishop (Eds.), Understanding developmental language disorders: from theory to practice (pp. 67-78). Hove: Psychology Press.
↑  Tomblin, J. B., Records, N. L., Buckwalter, P., Zhang, X., Smith, E., & O'Brien, M. (1997). Prevalence of specific language impairment in kindergarten children. Journal of Speech and Hearing Research, 40(6), 1245-1260.
↑  Johnson, C. J., Beitchman, J. H., Young, A., Escobar, M., Atkinson, L., Wilson, B., et al. (1999). Fourteen year follow-up of children with and without speech/language impairment. Journal of Speech, Language and Hearing Research, 42, 744-760.
↑  Bishop, D. V. M., & Edmundson, A. (1987). Language-impaired four-year-olds: distinguishing transient from persistent impairment. Journal of Speech and Hearing Disorders, 52, 156-173.
↑  Catts, H. W., Fey, M. E., Tomblin, J. B., & Zhang, X. (2002). A longitudinal investigation of reading outcomes in children with language impairments. Journal of Speech, Language and Hearing Research, 45, 1142-1157.
↑  Snowling, M. J., Adams, J. W., Bishop, D. V. M., & Stothard, S. E. (2001). Educational attainments of school-leavers with a pre-school history of speech-language impairments. International Journal of Language and Communication Disorders, 36, 173-183.
↑  Simkin, Z., & Conti-Ramsden, G. (2006). Evidence of reading difficulty in subgroups of children with specific language impairment. Child Language Teaching and Therapy, 22, 315-331.
↑  Cohen, N. J. (2001). Language impairment and psychopathology in infants, children and adolescents. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
↑  Conti-Ramsden, G., & Botting, N. (2004). Social difficulties and victimization in children with SLI at 11 years of age. Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research, 47, 145-161.
↑  Clegg, J., Hollis, C., Mawhood, L., & Rutter, M. (2005). Developmental language disorders - a follow-up in later life. Cognitive, language and psychosocial outcomes. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 46, 128-149.
↑  Snowling, M. J., Bishop, D. V. M., Stothard, S. E., Chipchase, B., & Kaplan, C. (2006). Psychosocial outcomes at 15 years of children with a preschool history of speech-language impairment. [doi: 10.1111/j.1469-7610.2006.01631.x]. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 47, 759-765.
↑  Bishop, D. V. M. (2006). What causes specific language impairment in children? Current Directions in Psychological Science, 15, 217-221.
↑  Bishop, D. V. M. (2009). Genes, cognition and communication: insights from neurodevelopmental disorders. The Year in Cognitive Neuroscience: Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 1156, 1-18.
↑  Fundudis, T., Kolvin, I., & Garside, R. (1979). Speech Retarded and Deaf Children: Their Psychological Development. London: Academic Press.
↑  Tallal, P. (2004). Improving language and literacy is a matter of time. Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 5, 721-728.
↑  Rice, M. L., Wexler, K., & Cleave, P. L. (1995). Specific language impairment as a period of extended optional infinitive. Journal of Speech and Hearing Research, 38, 850-863.
↑  Van der Lely, H. K. J. (2005). Domain-specific cognitive systems: insight from Grammatical-SLI. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 9, 53-59.
↑  Gathercole, S. E., & Baddeley, A. D. (1990). Phonological memory deficits in language disordered children: is there a causal connection? Journal of Memory and Language, 29, 336-360.
↑  Ullman, M. T., & Pierpont, E. I. (2005). Specific language impairment is not specific to language: The procedural deficit hypothesis. Cortex, 41, 399-433.
↑  Bishop, D. V. M. (2006). Developmental cognitive genetics: How psychology can inform genetics and vice versa. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 59, 1153-1168.
↑  Robinson, R. J. (1991). Causes and associations of severe and persistent specific speech and language disorders in children. Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology, 33, 943-962.
↑  Hill, E. L. (2001). Non-specific nature of specific language impairment: a review of the literature with regard to concomitant motor impairments. International Journal of Language and Communication Disorders, 36, 149-171.
↑  Jernigan, T., Hesselink, J. R., Sowell, E., & Tallal, P. (1991). Cerebral structure on magnetic resonance imaging in language- and learning-impaired children. Archives of Neurology, 48, 539-545.
↑  Jackson, T., & Plante, E. (1996). Gyral morphology in the posterior Sylvian region in families affected by developmental language disorder. Neuropsychology Review, 6(2), 81-94.
↑  Herbert, M., & Kenet, T. (2007). Brain abnormalities in language disorders and in autism. Pediatr Clin North Am, 54(3), 563-583.
↑  Paul, R. (2006). Language Disorders from Infancy through Adolescence: Assessment and Intervention, 3rd Edition. St. Louis: Mosby-Year Book.
↑  Semel, E., Wiig, E. H., & Secord, W. A. (2006). Clinical Evaluation of Language Fundamentals - Fourth Edition UK (CELF-4 UK). London: Pearson.
↑  Gardner, H., Froud, K., McClelland, A., & van der Lely, H. K. J. (2006). Development of the Grammar and Phonology Screening (GAPS) test to assess key markers of specific language and literacy difficulties in young children. International Journal of Language and Communication Disorders, 41(5), 513 - 540.
↑  Bishop, D. V. M. (2003). The Children's Communication Checklist, version 2 (CCC-2). London: Pearson.
↑  Afasic | Voice for Life نسخة محفوظة 10 مايو 2012 على موقع واي باك مشين.
↑  I CAN - The children's communication charity نسخة محفوظة 12 أغسطس 2017 على موقع واي باك مشين.
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التصنيفات الطبية:  نظام فهرسة المواضيع الطبية (MeSH): D000080888  دليل الوراثة المندلية عند البشر (OMIM): 606711  
المعرفات الخارجية:  مكنز المعهد القومي للسرطان (NCI): C35546  أنطولوجيا الأمراض: DOID:0060244  PatientLikeMe condition ID: dysphasia  نظام اللغة الطبية الموحدة (UMLS CUI): C0454651  
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بوابة علم النفس
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ضبط استنادي: وطنية :  قاعدة البيانات الوطنية التشيكية (NLCR AUT)