فن الشعائر الجنائزية
المصادر

↑  Depending on the interpretation of sites like the Shanidar Cave in Iraq. Bogucki, 64–66 summarizes the debate. Gargett takes a hostile view but accepts (p. 29 etc.) that many or most scholars do not. See also Pettitt.
↑  See for example the chapter "Tombs for the Living and the Dead", Insoll 176–87.
↑  Hammond, 58–59 characterizes disarticulated human skeletal remains packed in body bags and incorporated into Pre-Classic Mesoamerican mass burials (along with a set of primary remains) at Cuello, Belize as "human grave goods".
↑  See any well-regarded survey of the history of art or of architecture, such as Gardner's Art Through the Ages or the most recent edition of Sir Banister Fletcher's A History of Architecture.
↑  "funerary, adj.". Oxford English Dictionary (3rd ed.). Oxford University Press. September 2005. (subscription required)
↑  Lindley, Phillip (2007). Tomb Destruction and scholarship: medieval monuments in early modern England. Donington: Shaun Tyas. p. 3. ISBN 978-1-900289-87-0.
↑  Cockerham, Paul (2008). "Reformation, reaction, reception: a 21st-century view of monumental destruction". Church Monuments 23: 137–41 (137).
↑  Hoa Hakananai'a British Museum, accessed 26 April 2010
↑  Toynbee, 47–48, on Ancient Rome. Stewart and Rawski's book is entirely devoted to Chinese ancestor portraits. See Chapter 1 etc.
↑  Although the purpose of megalithic structures is not always clear, and of the very oldest, while Nevali Cori in Turkey contains burials, Göbekli Tepe appears not to.
↑  Mohen, 70
↑  Mohen, 87
↑  Kipfer, "Menhir", 348
↑  Stone Circles of Senegambia – UNESCO World Heritage Centre, accessed 28 April 2010
1 2  Groenewegen-Frankfort, 80
↑  Kampen et al, 31
↑  Maspero, 111–27, with serdabs 124–25
↑  Robins, 51–55, 66–71, 218–19, and see index for other periods. Tomb styles changed considerably over the course of Egyptian history.
↑  Spanel, 23
↑  Atiya and El Shawahy, 73
↑  Boardman, Edwards et al, 688–89
↑  James, 122
↑  Robins, 74
↑  Boardman, 212, 15
↑  Oakes and Gahlin, 236
↑  Boardman, 26 and passim
↑  Richter, 57
↑  Henderson, 135
↑  Wright, 391
↑  Boardman, 212–13
↑  Boardman, 149–50
↑  Boardman, 151–54, and throughout the section on the period
↑  Boardman, 126–27. Apart from those at the Mausoleum of Halicarnassus article, there are several from Lethaby's 1908 work here, and one illustrated in Boardman.
↑  Boardman, 126–27
↑  Boardman, 172–73, 339–44
↑  Holiday, 73
↑  de Grummond 1997, 359
↑  de Grummond 2006, 231
↑  de Grummond 1997, 93
↑  Johnston, 489
1 2 3  Davies, 632
↑  Toynbee, Chapter I
↑  Hall, 15
↑  Toynbee, 39–40
↑  Toynbee, Chapter IV; Hall, 53
↑  Toynbee, 38
↑  Toynbee, 31 (illustration)
↑  Hall, 15, 35, 78
↑  Petersen, 95–105; see also Boardman, 240–41 on Eurysaces' tomb.
↑  Boardman, 339
↑  Boardman, 339–44; Hall, 78–80
↑  Hall, 54–61
↑  Hall, 77–82
↑  See for example Merriman, 297
↑  Sickman and Soper, 57–66; see also the diagram here
↑  Sickman and Soper, 155
↑  Evasdottir, 158–60
↑  Wu Hung, The Wu Liang Shrine: The Ideology of Early Chinese Pictorial Art (Stanford UPP, 1989))
↑  Sickman and Soper, 77–84
↑  Sickman and Soper, 120–21
↑  Dien, 214–15
↑  Sickman and Soper, 376 (illustrated)
↑  Jeehee Hong, "Virtual Theater of the Dead: Actor Figurines and Their Stage in Houma Tomb No.1," Artibus Asiae Vol. 71-1, 2011
↑  Thorp & Vinograd, 144
↑  Goldin, 548
↑  Brown, 44
↑  Brown, 77
↑  UNESCO, Preservation of the Koguryo Kingdom Tombs, 24
↑  Lee, 64
↑  UNESCO, Preservation of the Koguryo Kingdom Tombs, 4
↑  Park 33–34
↑  Unesco Royal Tombs of the Joseon Dynasty.
↑  Paine and Soper, 287–89
↑  Paine and Soper, 24–26, 280–82
↑  Paine and Soper, 289. See also List of National Treasures of Japan (archaeological materials)
↑  Hall, John Whitney, 381–86
↑  Smithsonian.
↑  Chase and Chase, Chapter 3, especially p. 34
↑  Muren.
↑  Kubler, 266
↑  See Taylor for discussion.
↑  Coe et al., 103–104, or Mason, 182. In Richardson, 48–49 ("The dog, among the Maya, was considered to be connected with death, and to be the messenger to prepare the way to the hereafter.")
↑  Coe, 45 ("The only domestic animals were dogs—the principal source of meat for much of Preclassic Mesoamerica—and turkeys—understandably rare because that familiar bird consumes very large quantities of corn and is thus expensive to raise".)
↑  Mason, 182. In Richardson, 48–49
↑  Kubler, 163
↑  Kubler, 164
↑  Giammattei and Reichert, 3. Cited in the Introduction to The Mimbres of the Mogollon culture: A people of mystery by Andrew Gulliford
↑  Mounds & Mound Builders Accessed 25 April 2010
↑  Masks in West African Traditional Societies, Bonnefoy, pp. 133–37
↑  Davies, Serena (23 August 2004). "Viewfinder: Aboriginal burial poles". The Daily Telegraph (London). Retrieved 21 April 2010.
↑  Oxenham.
↑  Kasubi tombs website
↑  Montillo, Roseanne (2009). Halloween and Commemorations of the Dead. New York: Infobase. pp. 41–42. ISBN 978-1-60413-097-3.
↑  British Museum: Modern coffin in the shape of an eagle, from Ghana. Accessed 22 March 2010
↑  Groseclose, 23
↑  Le Phuoc, 140–42; 147–56 on Sanchi; 192–204, especially 196, on candi in Indonesia, and Borodudur (196–204)
↑  Dowman, 54–55 for the Potala, and see index for other locations.
↑  Syndicus, Chapter 1; Hall, 77–82
↑  Syndicus, 39, 72–90
↑  Toynbee, 48–49. An exception in the Classical World were the Lycians of Anatolia. There are also the Egyptian mortuary-temples, where the object of worship was the deified royal person entombed, but Egyptian temples to the major gods contained no burials. For an extreme example, see ancient Delos.
↑  It was allowed in times of plague however. See Cremation in the Christian World for more details—the Orthodox churchs still forbid cremation.
↑  Board of Trustees for The Hofkirche in Innsbruck.
↑  Welch, 26
↑  Downey.
↑  Levey 1967, 57–59
↑  Though they are exceeded in scale by Gothic revival monuments like the Albert Memorial and the Scott Monument, neither containing a tomb.
↑  Hall, 325
↑  Insoll, 172
↑  Insoll, 177–80
↑  Ruggles, 103
↑  Ruggles, 103–104
↑  Ruggles, Chapter 9
↑  Ruggles, 104
1 2  Insoll, 177
↑  Ruggles, 112 and 122. Her Chapter 10 includes a detailed description of the Taj with special reference to its gardens.
↑  An interesting contrast with the Taj Mahal, given they were both built by Shah Jahan.
↑  Mosse, 103–106 on conservatism, and generally throughout Chapter 5 on war memorials.
↑  Mosse, 97–98; Carrier, 201
↑  Carrier, 19–22; Benton throughout, especially p. 194.
↑  Benton throughout, especially Chapter 1 on Soviet War Memorials (pp. 12–13 on Socialist Realism), but also noting deviations in the Warsaw Pact satellites, as on p. 194, and Chapter 7 on West Germany.
↑  Carrier, throughout, especially Chapter 8. See also the copious literature on the Washington Vietnam Veterans Memorial.
↑  The New York Times, Khomeini's Tomb Attracts Pilgrims, Philip Shenon, Published: 8 July 1990, accessed 25 April 2010.
بوابة علم الإنسان
بوابة فنون
بوابة موت
دولمن البولنابرون (أي: فراغ ما بين حجر الرحايا) في أيرلندا تغطي ما لا يقل على 22 جثة ترجع إلى العصر الحجري الحديث.
قناع تابوت سيراميكي مصري
منحوتة بارزة من الليطيثوس الجنائزي المنحوت حيث يقود هيرميز (مرشد أرواح) المتوفاة (ميرين) إلى حادس، تقريبًا عام 430-420 قبل الميلاد (متحف الآثار الوطني (أثينا)).
تابوت الزوجة الحجري الأتروسكي في المتحف الأتروسكي القومي بإيطاليا
من رودس. محارب يرتدي درع وخوذة مستند على رمح أمام شاهد جنائزي؛ يمثل الثعبان روح الميت. يتبع الرخام (عمل فني روماني من القرن الأول قبل الميلاد) النمط الإغريقي الكلاسيكي من القرن الخامس قبل الميلاد.
تمثال لحارس عسكري من فن الشعائر الجنائزية الصينية. متحف سياتيل الفني بسياتيل، واشنطن.
مشهد للصيد على الجدار الشمالي من الغرفة الرئيسة في مقبرة مايونغ تشونغ (مقبرة الراقصين)، (القرن الخامس قبل الميلاد)، جيآن.
تمثال هانيوا الصلصالي الياباني من القرن السادس؛ دفنت مثل هذه التماثيل بجانب الأموات في فترة الكوفون (منذ القرن الثالث إلى السادس قبل الميلاد).
تابلوه لمدفن عمودي من ناياريت، المكسيك يرجع لعام 300 قبل الميلاد إلى 600 ميلاديًا.
جرة جنائزية في شكل "الخفاش المعبود" أو النمر, من واهاكا, ويعود تاريخها إلى 300-650 ميلاديًا. "ويبلغ ارتفاعها: 9.5 بوصة (23 سم). إن "الخفاش المعبود" كان واحد من الآلهة المهمة لشعب مايا، إذ تشاركت حضارة زابوتيك في كثير من عناصر دينه".
حجر جرف منحوت (توراجا) في إحدى مواقع الدفن. "تاو تاو" (تمثال للميت) ينظر باتجاه الأرض.
توابيت تقليدية تعرض في ورشة كين كوي للنجارة في تيشي.
نصب جبسي لتابوت جونيوس باسوس الحجري.
مدافن جدارية من القرون الوسطى وعصر النهضة تحتوي على تمثال الفارس في الجهة اليسرى لكاتدرائة القديسين يوحنا وبولس،البندقية.
نصب اليودنبلاتز للهولوكوست التذكاري ليهود النمسا الذين قتلوا في الهولوكوست، ووصل عددهم إلى 65,000. صممه رايتشل وايتريد واكتمل في عام 2000