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مراجع

1 2 3 4  John P. Meier (1991). A Marginal Jew: Rethinking the Historical Jesus, v. 1; The Roots of the Problem and the Person, ch. 11, ... "A Chronology of Jesus Life," pp. 373–433. Anchor Bible Reference Library.
1 2  |Dunn, James D.G. (2003). "Jesus Remembered". Eerdmans Publishing: 324. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2020-07-25. {{استشهاد بدورية محكمة}}: الاستشهاد بدورية محكمة يطلب |دورية محكمة= (مساعدة)
1 2  D. A. Carson, Douglas J. Moo & Leon Morris. (1992). An Introduction to the New Testament, 54, 56. Grand Rapids, MI: Zondervan Publishing House.
↑  Michael Grant. (1977). Jesus: An Historian's Review of the Gospels, p. 71. Scribner's.
↑  Ben Witherington III. (1998). "Primary Sources". Christian History, 17 (3), 12–20.
1 2 3  Eerdman Publishing. (2000). Eerdman’s Dictionary of the Bible, page 249. Amsterdam University Press. (ردمك 90-5356-503-5).
↑  Craig A. Evans. (2003). The Bible Knowledge Background Commentary: Matthew-Luke, volume 1, pages 67–69 (ردمك 0-7814-3868-3).
1 2 3 4  Paul L. Maier. "The Date of the Nativity and Chronology of Jesus" [In] Jerry Vardaman, Edwin M. Yamauchi. (1989). Chronos, kairos, Christos: nativity and chronological studies, pages 113–129. (ردمك 0-931464-50-1).
↑  Craig Evans. (2006). Josephus on John the Baptist [In] Amy-Jill Levine et al.[Eds]. (2006). The Historical Jesus in Context, pages 55–58. Princeton University Press. (ردمك 978-0-691-00992-6).  نسخة محفوظة 10 أبريل 2014 على موقع واي باك مشين.
↑  Gillman، Florence Morgan (2003). Herodias: At Home in that Fox's Den. ص. 25–30. ISBN:978-0-8146-5108-7. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2020-02-26.
↑  Geoffrey W. Bromiley. (1982). International Standard Bible Encyclopedia, volume E-J, pages 694–695. (ردمك 0-8028-3782-4).  نسخة محفوظة 28 فبراير 2020 على موقع واي باك مشين.
1 2  The Riddles of the Fourth Gospel: An Introduction to John by Paul N. Anderson 2011 (ردمك 0-8006-0427-X) page 200
1 2  Herod the Great by Jerry Knoblet 2005 (ردمك 0-7618-3087-1) pages 183–184
↑  J. Dwight Pentecost. (1981) The Words and Works of Jesus Christ: A Study of the Life of Christ, pages 577–578. Zondervan.
↑  Funk، Robert W.؛ Jesus Seminar (1998). The acts of Jesus: the search for the authentic deeds of Jesus. San Francisco: Harper. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2020-02-26.
↑  Paul William Meyer, John T. Carroll. (2004). The Word in this world, page 112. (ردمك 0-664-22701-5).
1 2  Jesus & the Rise of Early Christianity: A History of New Testament Times by Paul Barnett 2002 (ردمك 0-8308-2699-8) pages 19–21
↑  Andreas J. Köstenberger, L. Scott Kellum. (2009). The Cradle, the Cross, and the Crown: An Introduction to the New Testament, pages 77–79. (ردمك 978-0-8054-4365-3).
↑  Rainer Riesner. (1997). Paul's early period: chronology, mission strategy, theology pages 19–27. (ردمك 978-0-8028-4166-7). Page 27 has a table of various scholarly estimates.
1 2  The Cradle, the Cross, and the Crown: An Introduction to the New Testament by Andreas J. Köstenberger, L. Scott Kellum 2009 (ردمك 978-0-8054-4365-3) page 114
1 2  Sanders (1993). "The Historical Figure of Jesus": 11, 249. {{استشهاد بدورية محكمة}}: الاستشهاد بدورية محكمة يطلب |دورية محكمة= (مساعدة)
↑  Humphreys، Colin J.؛ Waddington، W. G. (مارس 1985). "The Date of the Crucifixion". Journal of the American Scientific Affiliation. ج. 37. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2019-06-25.
↑  Jesus in history, thought, and culture: an encyclopedia, Volume 1 by James Leslie Houlden 2003 (ردمك 1-57607-856-6) pages 508–509  نسخة محفوظة 7 أغسطس 2017 على موقع واي باك مشين.
↑  Brown، Raymond E. (1994). The Death of the Messiah: from Gethsemane to the Grave: A Commentary on the Passion Narratives in the Four Gospels. New York: Doubleday, Anchor Bible Reference Library. ص. 964. ISBN:978-0-385-19397-9. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2020-02-26.
↑  Christology: A Biblical, Historical, and Systematic Study of Jesus by Gerald O'Collins 2009 (ردمك 0-19-955787-X) pages 1–3
↑  Jesus as a Figure in History: How Modern Historians View the Man from Galilee by Mark Allan Powell 1998 (ردمك 0-664-25703-8) pages 168–173
1 2  Karl Rahner. (2004). Encyclopedia of theology: a concise Sacramentum mundi, pages 730–731. (ردمك 0-86012-006-6)
1 2  Interpreting Gospel Narratives: Scenes, People, and Theology by Timothy Wiarda 2010 (ردمك 0-8054-4843-8) pages 75–78
↑  Paula Fredriksen. (1999). Jesus of Nazareth, King of the Jews, pages=6–7, 105–10, 232–34, 266. Alfred A. Knopf Publishers.
↑  Matthew by David L. Turner 2008 (ردمك 0-8010-2684-9) page 613
↑  Sanders، EP (1995). "The Historical Figure of Jesus". London: Penguin Books: 3. {{استشهاد بدورية محكمة}}: الاستشهاد بدورية محكمة يطلب |دورية محكمة= (مساعدة)
↑  Jesus and the Gospels: An Introduction and Survey by Craig L. Blomberg 2009 (ردمك 0-8054-4482-3) pages 431–436
↑  In a 2011 review of the state of modern scholarship, Bart Ehrman wrote: "He certainly existed, as virtually every competent scholar of antiquity, Christian or non-Christian, agrees" B. Ehrman, 2011 Forged : writing in the name of God (ردمك 978-0-06-207863-6). page 285
↑  Ramm، Bernard L (1993). "An Evangelical Christology: Ecumenic and Historic". Regent College Publishing: 19. There is almost universal agreement that Jesus lived {{استشهاد بدورية محكمة}}: الاستشهاد بدورية محكمة يطلب |دورية محكمة= (مساعدة)
↑  Borg، Marcus (1999). "The Meaning of Jesus: Two Visions (Ch. 16, A Vision of the Christian Life)". HarperCollins: 236. some judgements are so probable as to be certain; for example, Jesus really existed {{استشهاد بدورية محكمة}}: الاستشهاد بدورية محكمة يطلب |دورية محكمة= (مساعدة)
1 2  New Testament History by Richard L. Niswonger 1992 (ردمك 0-310-31201-9) pages 121–124
1 2 3  Encyclopedia of theology: a concise Sacramentum mundi by Karl Rahner 2004 (ردمك 0-86012-006-6) page 731
↑  Nikos Kokkinos, 1998, in Chronos, kairos, Christos 2 by Ray Summers, Jerry Vardaman (ردمك 0-86554-582-0) pages 121–126
↑  Murray, Alexander, "Medieval Christmas", History Today, December 1986, 36 (12), pp. 31 – 39. نسخة محفوظة 11 أكتوبر 2018 على موقع واي باك مشين.
↑  Hoehner، Harold W (1978). Chronological Aspects of the Life of Christ. Zondervan. ص. 29–37. ISBN:978-0-310-26211-4. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2020-02-26. {{استشهاد بكتاب}}: |archive-date= / |archive-url= timestamp mismatch (مساعدة)
↑  Jack V. Scarola, "A Chronology of the nativity Era" in Chronos, kairos, Christos 2 by Ray Summers, Jerry Vardaman 1998 (ردمك 0-86554-582-0) pages 61–81
↑  Christianity and the Roman Empire: background texts by Ralph Martin Novak 2001 (ردمك 1-56338-347-0) pages 302–303.
↑  Ulrich Luz: Die Geburtsgeschichten Jesu und die Geschichte. Göttingen 2013, S. 170 نسخة محفوظة 26 فبراير 2020 على موقع واي باك مشين.
↑  Freed، Edwin D (2004). "Stories of Jesus' Birth". Continuum International: 119. {{استشهاد بدورية محكمة}}: الاستشهاد بدورية محكمة يطلب |دورية محكمة= (مساعدة)
↑  Schürer, Emil. A History of the Jewish People in the Time of Jesus Christ, 5 vols. New York, Scribner's, 1896.
1 2 3  Marshall, Taylor. The Eternal City (Dallas: St. John, 2012), pp. 35–65.
1 2  Steinmann, Andrew. From Abraham to Paul: A Biblical Chronology (St. Louis: Concordia, 2011), pp. 235–238.
1 2  Barnes, Timothy David. "The Date of Herod's Death," Journal of Theological Studies ns 19 (1968), 204–219
1 2  Bernegger, P. M. "Affirmation of Herod's Death in 4 B.C.", Journal of Theological Studies ns 34 (1983), 526–531.
↑  Josephus, Wars, 1.631–632.
↑  Josephus, Wars, 2.26.
↑  Hoehner, Harold. Herod Antipas, (Zondervan, 1980) p.251.
↑  Edwards, Ormond. "Herodian Chronology", Palestine Exploration Quarterly 114 (1982) 29–42
↑  Keresztes, Paul. Imperial Rome and the Christians: From Herod the Great to About 200 AD (Lanham, Maryland: University Press of America, 1989), pp.1–43.
↑  Vardaman، Jerry؛ Yamauchi، Edwin M.، المحررون (1989). "The Nativity and Herod's Death". Chronos, Kairos, Christos: Nativity and Chronological Studies Presented to Jack Finegan: 85–92.
↑  Finegan, Jack. Handbook of Biblical Chronology, Rev. ed. (Peabody, MA: Hendrickson, 1998) 300, §516. نسخة محفوظة 4 نوفمبر 2013 على موقع واي باك مشين.
1 2  Filmer, W. E. "Chronology of the Reign of Herod the Great", Journal of Theological Studies ns 17 (1966), 283–298.
↑  Josephus, Antiquities, 17.6.4
↑  "Lunar eclipse of March 13, 4 BC". مؤرشف من الأصل في 2019-05-04.
↑  "Catalog of Lunar Eclipses: -0099 to 0000". eclipse.gsfc.nasa.gov. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2019-05-04.
↑  Steinmann، Andrew (2009). "When Did Herod the Great Reign?". Novum Testamentum. ج. 51 ع. 1: 1–29. JSTOR:25442624.
↑  Ben Witherington III, "Primary Sources," Christian History 17 (1998) No. 3:12–20.
↑  Michael Grant, Jesus: An Historian's Review of the Gospels, Scribner's, 1977, p. 71.