إلحاد متطرف
مراجع

↑  Gerard Mannion (2003). Schopenhauer, religion and morality: the humble path to ethics. Ashgate Publishing. ص. i. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2013-09-07. This work challenges the textbook assessment of Schopenhauer as militant atheist and absolute pessimist. "نسخة مؤرشفة". مؤرشف من الأصل في 2013-09-07. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2017-06-14.{{استشهاد ويب}}:  صيانة الاستشهاد: BOT: original URL status unknown (link)
↑  Jean-François Marmontel (1895). Marmontel's  Moral Tales. Ballantyne, Hanson & Co. ص. xxxv. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2013-09-07. It certainly stopped altogether short of the militant atheism of the Holbachian coterie; and it may be doubtful whether, except in the ardour of the novitiate, it reached Voltaire's dislike of positive creeds.
1 2  Gerald Robert McDermott (2000). Jonathan Edwards Confronts the Gods: Christian Theology, Enlightenment Religion, and Non-Christian Faiths. دار نشر جامعة أكسفورد. ص. 27. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2013-09-07. The Holbachians were disciples of Baron d'Holbach, a militant atheist who opposed both Christianity and desim (because it was theistic). "نسخة مؤرشفة". مؤرشف من الأصل في 2013-09-07. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2017-06-14.{{استشهاد ويب}}:  صيانة الاستشهاد: BOT: original URL status unknown (link)
↑  هيم ماكوبي (2006). Antisemitism and Modernity: Innovation and Continuity. تايلور وفرانسيس. ص. 59. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2013-09-07. The Holbachians formed a considerable atheistic movement, which specialized in attacking Judaism as a means of denigrating its offshoot Christianity. "نسخة مؤرشفة". مؤرشف من الأصل في 2013-09-07. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2017-06-14.{{استشهاد ويب}}:  صيانة الاستشهاد: BOT: original URL status unknown (link)
↑  George Weigel (1992). The Final Revolution: The Resistance Church and the Collapse of Communism. دار نشر جامعة أكسفورد. ص. 114. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2013-09-07. As his former colleague and biographer Andrzej Micewiski puts it, Cardinal Wyszyński decided, during his imprisonment, "to defend the faith of the nation against militant atheism by means of the power of the Virgin Mary." Crushed under two totalitarianisms since 1939, "the national and the Church would be that the country be freed from unwanted, imposed political submission," through the intercession of the Holy Mother. {{استشهاد بكتاب}}: تحقق من التاريخ في: |سنة= لا يطابق |تاريخ= (مساعدة) "نسخة مؤرشفة". مؤرشف من الأصل في 2013-09-07. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2017-06-14.{{استشهاد ويب}}:  صيانة الاستشهاد: BOT: original URL status unknown (link)
1 2  Fascism: Post-war fascisms. تايلور وفرانسيس. 2004. ص. 408. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2013-09-07. Mussolini did not have any philosophy: he only had rhetoric. He was a militant atheist at the beginning and alter signed the Convention with the Church and welcomed the bishops who blessed the Fascist pennants. In his early anticerlical years, according to a likely legend, he once asked God, in order to prove His existence, to strike him down on the spot. "نسخة مؤرشفة". مؤرشف من الأصل في 2013-09-07. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2017-06-14.{{استشهاد ويب}}:  صيانة الاستشهاد: BOT: original URL status unknown (link)
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United States. Directorate for Armed Forces Information and Education (1962). Ideas in Conflict: Writing about the Great Issues of Civilization. Wadsworth Publishing. ص. 172. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2013-09-07. He became a militant atheist at an early age and throughout his life, flouted the conventions of Christain morality.
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ويليام هنري شامبرلن (1941). The World's Iron Age. ماكميلان  ‏. ص. 123. Fascism, according to the former militant atheist Mussolini, 'respects the God of the ascetics, of the saints, of the heroes and also God as prayed to by the primitive heart of the people.'{{استشهاد بكتاب}}:  صيانة الاستشهاد: علامات ترقيم زائدة (link)
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Maxine Block, E. Mary Trow (1942). Current Biography: Who's News and Why, 1942. H. W. Wilson Company. ص. 626. It was also pointed out that Mussolini had been a militant atheist and that the accord with the Pope was one the latter would one day regret, although the Catholic Church had supported the crusade for nationalism and "against Bolshevism.
↑  Alfred Mitchell Bingham (1942). Man's estate: adventures in economic discovery. W. W. Norton & Company. ص. 145. Mussolini was a militant atheist, a militant republican, and a militant Marxist, before he became a fascist.
↑  Jasper Godwin Ridley (2000). Mussolini: a biography. Cooper Square Press. ص. 24. Mussolini, like all the Socialists of the Romagna, had adopted the militant atheism of the Italian Socialist movement.
↑  Five Moral Pieces. Mariner Books. 2002. ص. 71. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2013-09-07. He started out as a militant atheist, only to sign the Concordat with the Church and to consort with the bishops who blessed the Fascist banners. "نسخة مؤرشفة". مؤرشف من الأصل في 2013-09-07. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2017-06-14.{{استشهاد ويب}}:  صيانة الاستشهاد: BOT: original URL status unknown (link)
↑  Elaine A. Heath (2008). "Mystic Way of Evangelism". Baker Academic. ص. 81. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2013-09-07. Richard Dawkins's Foundation for Reason and Science is out to debunk religion, which Dawkins calls "the God delusion." His book of the same title is a best seller, and Dawkins is not alone. Sam Harris, Daniel C. Dennett, Victor J. Stenger, and Christopher Hitchens are only a handful of militant atheists who are convinced Christianity is toxic to human life.
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Marcelo Gleiser (2010). "A Tear at the Edge of Creation". Simon & Schuster. ص. 17. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2013-09-07. Scientists such as Richard Dawkins and Sam Harris, philosopher Daniel Dennett, and British journalist and polemicist Christopher Hitchens, a group sometimes referred to as "the Four Horsemen," have taken the offensive, deeming religious belief a form of "delusion," a dangerous kind of collective madness that has wreaked havoc upon the world for millennia. Their rhetoric is the emblem of a militant radical atheism, a view I believe is as inflammatory and intolerant as that of the religious fundamentalists they criticize.
↑  Marcelo Gleiser (2010). "A Tear at the Edge of Creation". Simon & Schuster. ص. 17. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2013-09-07. Scientists such as Richard Dawkins and Sam Harris, philosopher Daniel Dennett, and British journalist and plemicist Christopher Hitchens, a group sometimes referred to as "the Four Horsemen," have taken the offensive, deeming religious belief a form of "delusion," a dangerous kind of collective madness that has wreaked havoc upon the world for millennia. Their rhetoric is the emblem of a militant radical atheism, a view I believe is as inflammatory and intolerant as that of the religious fundamentalists they criticize.
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Michael Babcock (2008). "Unchristian America". Tyndale House. ص. 102. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2013-09-07. The change in tone is most evident in the writings of the so-called New Atheists – Richard Dawkins, Daniel Dennett, Sam Harris, Christopher Hitchens – men who have been trying to accelerate a process that's been under way for centuries.
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Fiala، Andrew. "Militant atheism, pragmatism, and the God-shaped hole". International Journal for Philosophy of Religion. ج. 65 ع. 3: 139–151. مؤرشف من الأصل في 26 أبريل 2020. اطلع عليه بتاريخ أغسطس 2020. {{استشهاد بدورية محكمة}}: تحقق من التاريخ في: |تاريخ الوصول= (مساعدة)
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Charles Colson, Ellen Santilli Vaughn (2007). "God and Government". Zondervan. ص. 198. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2018-12-30. But Nietzsche's atheism was the most radical the world had yet seen. While the old atheism had acknowledged the need for religion, the new atheism was political activist, and jealous. One scholar observed that 'atheism has become militant ...inisisting it must be believed. Atheism has felt the need to impose its views, to forbid competing versions.'
↑  Brian Mountford. Christian Atheist: Belonging Without Believing. John Hunt Publishing. ص. 97. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2013-09-07. Paul 'There's a third description of Christian Atheism you might call 'anti-militant-atheism.' That's to say, an atheism with different priorities from Dawkins or Hitchens; a position that doesn't regard trying to convince people that God doesn't exist as the most important intellectual task in our society. Under the cateogry of anti-militant-atheism you would be saying that religious belief doesn't hold up anything important enough to justify Dawkins in refuting it. So to people like Dawkins and Hitchens one is inclined to say, get a life. Their militant atheism is unattractive and extreme, in such a way that I might be tempted to soften it by taking a halfway position.'
↑  Studies: an Irish quarterly review. Talbot Press. ج. 96. 2007. ص. 106. The leader of militant atheism in this part of the world is Richard Dawkins, a zoologist by training, who holds a chair founded for him at Oxford University.
↑  Gillian Greenwood. The Literary Review. جامعة فيرلي ديكنسون. Yet there is something wrong with Dawkins. He has an obsessive hatred of God or, as he would put it, the idea of God and those who propagate the idea. His life is dominated by his militant atheism.
↑  William H. Swatos, Daniel V. A. Olson (2000). The Secularization Debate. Rowman & Littlefield. ص. 57. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2013-09-07. But, aren't some scientists militant atheists who write books to discredit religion – Richard Dawkins and Carl Sagan for example? Of course. But, it also is worth note that most of those, like Dawkins and Sagan, are marginal to the scientific community for lack of significant scientific work. And possibly even more important is the fact that theologians (cf., Cupitt 1997) and professors of religious studies (cf., Mack 1996) are a far more prolific source of popular works of atheism. "نسخة مؤرشفة". مؤرشف من الأصل في 2013-09-07. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2017-06-14.{{استشهاد ويب}}:  صيانة الاستشهاد: BOT: original URL status unknown (link)
↑  Philip Andrew Quadrio, Carrol Besseling (2009). Politics and Religion in the New Century: Philosophical Reflections. Sydney University Press. ص. 32. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2013-09-07. There is, therefore, a particular irony in the most recent spate of militant atheist attacks on the irrationality of religious belief (Dennett 2006; Dawkins 2006; Hitchens 2007; Harris 2004, 2007) which are, at the same time, the most conspicuous examples of slavish commitment to crude, popular ethnic stereotypes, combined with an almost delusional misrepresentation of the facts of recent history. These militant atheists use the rhetoric of critical rationality to wage ideological warfare, not just against religion, but against Muslims. "نسخة مؤرشفة". مؤرشف من الأصل في 2013-09-07. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2017-06-14.{{استشهاد ويب}}:  صيانة الاستشهاد: BOT: original URL status unknown (link)
↑  مايكل روس (1999). Mystery of mysteries: is evolution a social construction?. دار نشر جامعة هارفارد. ص. 132. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2013-09-07. On reading Dawkins's more recent writings, where he has appointed himself the spokesman for militant atheism as well as militant Darwinism, one might be tempted to link the two. "نسخة مؤرشفة". مؤرشف من الأصل في 2013-09-07. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2017-06-14.{{استشهاد ويب}}:  صيانة الاستشهاد: BOT: original URL status unknown (link)
↑  مايكل روس (2009). Philosophy after Darwin: classic and contemporary readings. دار نشر جامعة برنستون. ص. 515. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2013-09-07. To be sure, there are militant Darwinian atheists such as Richard Dawkins. But I see no reason to accept the claim of people like Dawkins that Darwinian science dictates atheism. "نسخة مؤرشفة". مؤرشف من الأصل في 2013-09-07. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2017-06-14.{{استشهاد ويب}}:  صيانة الاستشهاد: BOT: original URL status unknown (link)
↑  Sheiman 2009 p. 172. "Militant atheists like Dawkins, Hitchens, and Harris go to great lengths in their books to relegate religion to the lowest cultural status while placing reason and science well above it. The portray science in idealized terms, untainted by commercial interests, political intrusions, and ethical conundrums. But when militant atheists portray religion, they critique every political and organizational misdeed that can be attributed to it. Militant atheists speak of organized religion, but not, correspondingly, of organized science. To be fair, militant atheists need to view religion in the same sanitized way as they view science – or understand science through the same lens of doubt and skepticism as they view religion. "نسخة مؤرشفة". مؤرشف من الأصل في 2013-09-07. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2017-06-14.{{استشهاد ويب}}:  صيانة الاستشهاد: BOT: original URL status unknown (link)
↑  Mark A. Kellner. "Is Aggressive Atheism Ascending?". Adventist Review. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2011-10-18. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2011-03-05. In his book, Dawkins likens philosopher Michael Ruse, a Florida State University philosophy professor who has worked on the creationism/evolution debate in public schools, to Neville Chamberlain, the British prime minister best known for his appeasement policy toward Nazi Germany. Ruse, in turn, accuses "militant atheism" of not extending the same professional and academic courtesy to religion that it demands from others. Atheism's new dogmatic streak is not that different from the religious extremists it calls to task, Ruse said.
↑  M. Paulli, Spoils split at 'Nibbie' awards
نسخة محفوظة 2020-05-26 على موقع واي باك مشين.
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Johann Harri in ذي إندبندنت نسخة محفوظة 21 فبراير 2017 على موقع واي باك مشين.
↑  The Belief Trap: The evolutionary explanation of religion gets stuck. By Judith Shulevitz, سلايت (مجلة) 8 March 2006. "نسخة مؤرشفة". مؤرشف من الأصل في 2011-09-07. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2017-06-14.{{استشهاد ويب}}:  صيانة الاستشهاد: BOT: original URL status unknown (link)
↑  The New American Vol. 18, No. 15, 29 July 2002.
↑  "The Tablet". Tablet Pub. Co. 2004. ص. 77. As soon as her appointment was announced, Carmen Argibay told journalists she was a 'militant atheist' and in favour of relaxing the strict abortion laws. Her declarations were met with a barrage of criticism from Catholic media. {{استشهاد ويب}}: الوسيط |مسار= غير موجود أو فارع (مساعدة)
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"The Catholic world report". Ignatius Press. 2004. ص. 20. Argentine President Nestor Kirchner has proposed Carmen Argibay, who has described herself as a "militant atheist" and proponent of legal abortion, to be a member of the Supreme Court. {{استشهاد ويب}}: الوسيط |مسار= غير موجود أو فارع (مساعدة)
↑  Cohen، Nick (25 يوليو 2004). "The epistles of Saint Paul". London: The Guardian. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2009-09-08. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2011-03-05. Paul Foot, militant atheist, revolutionary socialist and a man who couldn't listen to a pious sentiment without barking out a guffaw, would have agreed.
↑  Blase DiStefano (يونيو 2007). "Foul-Mouthed and Funny". OutSmart. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2007-09-27. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2007-07-01.
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Charles Moore. Militant atheists: too clever for their own good. دار بريل للنشر. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2019-08-14. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2011-03-10. I feel that atheism may be acquiring precisely those characteristics that atheists so dislike about religion intolerance, dogmatism, righteousness, moral contempt for one's opponents. Dawkins also tells us that "there are very few atheists in prison". He suggests that "atheism is correlated with higher education, intelligence or reflectiveness, which might counteract criminal impulses". What begins to emerge – and it lurked strongly behind the anti-religion side of the Intelligence Squared debate – is the idea that atheism is an elite state, a superior order of being, a plane of enlightenment denied to thickoes.
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Raj Persaud. Holy visions elude scientists. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2012-09-04. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2011-03-10. So the BBC Science series Horizon took up the challenge by putting his hat to the ultimate test: could he get arch-sceptic and militant atheist Prof Richard Dawkins to start believing in God by electrically massaging his temporal lobes? Prof Dawkins, author of A Devil's Chaplain, was the ideal candidate for the latest test of whether science can now explain away religion, given his famously virulent views on religion, attacking it as a "virus of the mind" and an "infantile regression".
↑  Science versus Religion. Quadrant Magazine February 2007 نسخة محفوظة 05 مارس 2008 على موقع واي باك مشين.
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ثيو هوبسون. Atheism is pretentious and cowardly. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2013-01-14. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2011-03-10. God knocking is on the increase but the criticisms levelled at religion by militant atheists are often crude and short-sighted.
↑  Richard Dawkins on Why He Feels that Fundamentalist Religion is Destroying the Scientific Spirit, from 'The God Delusion' - Beliefnet نسخة محفوظة 24 يونيو 2017 على موقع واي باك مشين.
↑  ميلاني فيليبس (16 أكتوبر 2008). "The culture war for the White House". ذا سبيكتاتور  ‏. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2012-01-14. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2007-12-31. I see this financial breakdown, moreover, as being not merely a moral crisis but the monetary expression of the broader degradation of our values – the erosion of duty and responsibility to others in favour of instant gratification, unlimited demands repackaged as 'rights' and the loss of self-discipline. And the root cause of that erosion is 'militant atheism' which, in junking religion, has destroyed our sense of anything beyond our material selves and the here and now and, through such hyper-individualism, paved the way for the onslaught on bedrock moral values expressed through such things as family breakdown and mass fatherlessness, educational collapse, widespread incivility, unprecedented levels of near psychopathic violent crime, epidemic drunkenness and drug abuse, the repudiation of all authority, the moral inversion of victim culture, the destruction of truth and objectivity and a corresponding rise in credulousness in the face of lies and propaganda – and intimidation and bullying to drive this agenda into public policy.{{استشهاد ويب}}:  صيانة الاستشهاد: علامات ترقيم زائدة (link)
↑  Decca Aitkenhead (3 April 2011 21.00 BST). "AC Grayling: 'How can you be a militant atheist? It's like sleeping furiously'". London: The Guardian. مؤرشف من الأصل في 25 يوليو 2013. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2011-06-28. Even if this is true, however, the atheist movement has been accused of shooting itself in the foot by adopting a tone so militant as to alienate potential supporters, and fortify the religious lobby. {{استشهاد بخبر}}: تحقق من التاريخ في: |تاريخ= (مساعدة)
↑  Peter C. Kent; جون إف. بولارد (1994). "Papal Diplomacy in the Modern Age". The Guardian. ص. 17. Militant atheism must be resisted by the Church militant. {{استشهاد ويب}}: الوسيط |مسار= غير موجود أو فارع (مساعدة)صيانة الاستشهاد: أسماء متعددة: قائمة المؤلفين (link)
↑  سيمون بلاكبيرن (5 مارس 2009). "Divine Irony". مجلة تايمز للتعليم العالي. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2012-12-02. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2007-12-31. I suspect that many professional philosophers, including ones such as myself who have no religious beliefs at all, are slightly embarrassed, or even annoyed, by the voluble disputes between militant atheists and religious apologists... The annoyance comes partly because of the strong sense of deja vu. But it is not just that old tunes are being replayed, but that they are being replayed badly. The classic performance was given by David Hume in his Dialogues Concerning Natural Religion
↑  The New Atheism and Secular Humanism. Center for Inquiry. 19 أكتوبر 2009. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2018-01-12. Paul Kurtz, considered by many the father of the secular humanist movement, is Professor Emeritus of Philosophy at the State University of New York at Buffalo.
1 2 3 4  Kurtz 1994 p. 250 "Ranged against the true believer are the militant atheists, who adamantly reject the faith as false stupid, and reactionary. They consider all religious believers to be gullbile fools and claim that they are given to accepting gross exaggerations and untenable premises. Historic religious claims, they think, are totally implausbile, unbelievable, disreputable, and controvertible, for they go beyond the bounds of reason. Militant atheists can find no value at all to any religious beliefs or institutions. They resist any effort to engage in inquiry or debate. Madalyn Murray O'Hair is as arrogant in her rejection of religion as is the true believer in his or her profession of faith. This form of atheism thus becomes mere dogma. "نسخة مؤرشفة". مؤرشف من الأصل في 2013-09-07. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2017-06-14.{{استشهاد ويب}}:  صيانة الاستشهاد: BOT: original URL status unknown (link)
↑  Catherine Fahringer, The militant atheist, Freethought Today, October 1997. نسخة محفوظة 20 أكتوبر 2009 على موقع واي باك مشين.
↑  "Militant", in Trask, R.L. (2001). Mind the gaffe: the Penguin guide to common errors in English. London: Penguin. ISBN 0-14-051476-7, pp. 186–187.
↑  Decca Aitkenhead (3 April 2011 21.00 BST). "AC Grayling: 'How can you be a militant atheist? It's like sleeping furiously'". London: The Guardian. مؤرشف من الأصل في 25 يوليو 2013. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2011-06-28. Well, firstly, I think the charges of militancy and fundamentalism of course come from our opponents, the theists. My rejoinder is to say when the boot was on their foot they burned us at the stake. All we're doing is speaking very frankly and bluntly and they don't like it," he laughs. {{استشهاد بخبر}}: تحقق من التاريخ في: |تاريخ= (مساعدة)
↑  Decca Aitkenhead (3 April 2011 21.00 BST). "AC Grayling: 'How can you be a militant atheist? It's like sleeping furiously'". London: The Guardian. مؤرشف من الأصل في 25 يوليو 2013. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2011-06-28. "And besides, really," he adds with a withering little laugh, "how can you be a militant atheist? How can you be militant non-stamp collector? This is really what it comes down to. You just don't collect stamps. So how can you be a fundamentalist non-stamp collector? {{استشهاد بخبر}}: تحقق من التاريخ في: |تاريخ= (مساعدة)
↑  Oliver Burkeman (5 أبريل 2011). "On "militant atheists"". مؤرشف من الأصل في 2012-05-14. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2011-07-12. Grayling's argument is a close cousin of another one that's annoyingly common in the otherwise sensible atheist/rationalist/skeptic/anti-pseudoscience movements: the implication that if you're arguing from a position of scientific rationalism, you must be motivated by nothing but a dispassionate quest for the truth...What distinguishes the two sides isn't that the rationalist one is dispassionate, but that it happens to be right. If you go around promoting your position that it's best for people not to believe in gods, via public speaking or books or vigorous debates down the pub, you are a) actively promoting a position and b) doing so for some inner psychological reason other than the mere fact that there isn't a god. You have an ulterior motive. That's not a criticism: everyone always does. But you're not just not collecting stamps.
↑  Rodrigues، Luís. Open Questions: Diverse Thinkers Discuss God, Religion, and Faith. أي بي سي-كليو. ص. 347. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2020-05-11. When we talk about militant atheists or fundamentalist atheists, I have a problem with those terms because... a militant or fundamentalist atheist simply says, 'You can have your beliefs; just keep them private and don't force them on us.'