TAAR1
مراجع

↑  "Entrez Gene: TAAR1 trace amine associated receptor 1". مؤرشف من الأصل في 2010-12-05.
1 2  Maguire JJ، Davenport AP (20 فبراير 2018). "Trace amine receptor: TA1 receptor". IUPHAR/BPS Guide to PHARMACOLOGY. International Union of Basic and Clinical Pharmacology. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2019-06-20. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2018-07-16. 
Tissue Distribution
CNS (region specific) & several peripheral tissues:
Stomach > amygdala, kidney, lung, small intestine > cerebellum, dorsal root ganglion, hippocampus, hypothalamus, liver, medulla oblongata, pancreas, pituitary gland, pontine reticular formation, prostate, skeletal muscle, spleen. ...
Leukocytes ...Pancreatic islet β cells ... Primary Tonsillar B Cells ... Circulating leukocytes of healthy subjects (upregulation occurs upon addition of phytohaemagglutinin).
Species: Human ...
In the brain (mouse, rhesus monkey) the TA1 receptor localises to neurones within the momaminergic pathways and there is emerging evidence for a modulatory role for TA1 on function of these systems. Co-expression of TA1 with the dopamine transporter (either within the same neurone or in adjacent neurones) implies direct/indirect modulation of CNS dopaminergic function. In cells expressing both human TA1 and a monoamine transporter (DAT, SERT or NET) signalling via TA1 is enhanced [26,48,50–51]. ...
Functional Assays ...
Mobilization of internal calcium in RD-HGA16 cells transfected with unmodified human TA1
Response measured: Increase in cytopasmic calcium ...
Measurement of cAMP levels in human cultured astrocytes.
Response measured: cAMP accumulation ...
Activation of leukocytes
Species: Human
Tissue: PMN, T and B cells
Response measured: Chemotactic migration towards TA1 ligands (β-Phenylethylamine, tyramine and 3-iodothyronamine), trace amine induced IL-4 secretion (T-cells) and trace amine induced regulation of T cell marker RNA expression, trace amine induced IgE secretion in B cells.
1 2 3  Grandy DK، Miller GM، Li JX (فبراير 2016). ""TAARgeting Addiction"-The Alamo Bears Witness to Another Revolution: An Overview of the Plenary Symposium of the 2015 Behavior, Biology and Chemistry Conference". Drug Alcohol Depend. ج. 159: 9–16. DOI:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2015.11.014. PMC:4724540. PMID:26644139. TAAR1 is a high-affinity receptor for METH/AMPH and DA ... This original observation of TAAR1 and DA D2R interaction has subsequently been confirmed and expanded upon with observations that both receptors can heterodimerize with each other under certain conditions ... Additional DA D2R/TAAR1 interactions with functional consequences are revealed by the results of experiments demonstrating that in addition to the cAMP/PKA pathway (Panas et al., 2012) stimulation of TAAR1-mediated signaling is linked to activation of the Ca++/PKC/NFAT pathway (Panas et al.,2012) and the DA D2R-coupled, G protein-independent AKT/GSK3 signaling pathway (Espinoza et al., 2015; Harmeier et al., 2015), such that concurrent TAAR1 and DA DR2R activation could result in diminished signaling in one pathway (e.g. cAMP/PKA) but retention of signaling through another (e.g., Ca++/PKC/NFA)
↑  Jing L، Li JX (أغسطس 2015). "Trace amine-associated receptor 1: A promising target for the treatment of psychostimulant addiction". Eur. J. Pharmacol. ج. 761: 345–352. DOI:10.1016/j.ejphar.2015.06.019. PMC:4532615. PMID:26092759. TAAR1 is largely located in the intracellular compartments both in neurons (Miller, 2011), in glial cells (Cisneros and Ghorpade, 2014) and in peripheral tissues (Grandy, 2007) ... Existing data provided robust preclinical evidence supporting the development of TAAR1 agonists as potential treatment for psychostimulant abuse and addiction. ... Given that TAAR1 is primarily located in the intracellular compartments and existing TAAR1 agonists are proposed to get access to the receptors by translocation to the cell interior (Miller, 2011), future drug design and development efforts may need to take strategies of drug delivery into consideration (Rajendran et al., 2010).
↑  Berry MD، Gainetdinov RR، Hoener MC، Shahid M (ديسمبر 2017). "Pharmacology of human trace amine-associated receptors: Therapeutic opportunities and challenges". Pharmacology & Therapeutics. ج. 180: 161–180. DOI:10.1016/j.pharmthera.2017.07.002. PMID:28723415. Outside of the CNS, TAAR1 is mainly expressed in pancreatic β-cells, stomach and intestines in human, rat and mouse (Adriaenssens et al., 2015; Chiellini et al., 2012; Ito et al., 2009; Kidd et al., 2008; Raab et al., 2016; Regard, Sato, & Coughlin, 2008; Revel et al., 2013) (Figure 2). As observed in CNS neurones, TAAR1 in these non-neuronal cells also appears to be primarily intracellular (Raab et al., 2016). ... A sub-population of granulocytes co-express TAAR1 and TAAR2, with evidence for heterodimerization of the two reported (Babusyte et al., 2013).
↑  Borowsky B، Adham N، Jones KA، Raddatz R، Artymyshyn R، Ogozalek KL، Durkin MM، Lakhlani PP، Bonini JA، Pathirana S، Boyle N، Pu X، Kouranova E، Lichtblau H، Ochoa FY، Branchek TA، Gerald C (يوليو 2001). "Trace amines: identification of a family of mammalian G protein-coupled receptors". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. ج. 98 ع. 16: 8966–8971. DOI:10.1073/pnas.151105198. PMC:55357. PMID:11459929.
↑  Bunzow JR، Sonders MS، Arttamangkul S، Harrison LM، Zhang G، Quigley DI، Darland T، Suchland KL، Pasumamula S، Kennedy JL، Olson SB، Magenis RE، Amara SG، Grandy DK (ديسمبر 2001). "Amphetamine, 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine, lysergic acid diethylamide, and metabolites of the catecholamine neurotransmitters are agonists of a rat trace amine receptor". Molecular Pharmacology. ج. 60 ع. 6: 1181–1188. DOI:10.1124/mol.60.6.1181. PMID:11723224.
1 2 3  Miller GM (يناير 2011). "The emerging role of trace amine-associated receptor 1 in the functional regulation of monoamine transporters and dopaminergic activity". Journal of Neurochemistry. ج. 116 ع. 2: 164–176. DOI:10.1111/j.1471-4159.2010.07109.x. PMC:3005101. PMID:21073468.
↑  Lindemann L، Ebeling M، Kratochwil NA، Bunzow JR، Grandy DK، Hoener MC (مارس 2005). "Trace amine-associated receptors form structurally and functionally distinct subfamilies of novel G protein-coupled receptors". Genomics. ج. 85 ع. 3: 372–385. DOI:10.1016/j.ygeno.2004.11.010. PMID:15718104.
↑  Cisneros IE، Ghorpade A (أكتوبر 2014). "Methamphetamine and HIV-1-induced neurotoxicity: role of trace amine associated receptor 1 cAMP signaling in astrocytes". Neuropharmacology. ج. 85: 499–507. DOI:10.1016/j.neuropharm.2014.06.011. PMC:4315503. PMID:24950453. TAAR1 overexpression significantly decreased EAAT-2 levels and glutamate clearance ... METH treatment activated TAAR1 leading to intracellular cAMP in human astrocytes and modulated glutamate clearance abilities. Furthermore, molecular alterations in astrocyte TAAR1 levels correspond to changes in astrocyte EAAT-2 levels and function.
↑  Rogers TJ (2012). "The molecular basis for neuroimmune receptor signaling". J Neuroimmune Pharmacol. ج. 7 ع. 4: 722–724. DOI:10.1007/s11481-012-9398-4. PMC:4011130. PMID:22935971.
↑  Panas MW، Xie Z، Panas HN، Hoener MC، Vallender EJ، Miller GM (ديسمبر 2012). "Trace amine associated receptor 1 signaling in activated lymphocytes". Journal of Neuroimmune Pharmacology. ج. 7 ع. 4: 866–876. DOI:10.1007/s11481-011-9321-4. PMC:3593117. PMID:22038157.
↑  Babusyte A، Kotthoff M، Fiedler J، Krautwurst D (مارس 2013). "Biogenic amines activate blood leukocytes via trace amine-associated receptors TAAR1 and TAAR2". Journal of Leukocyte Biology. ج. 93 ع. 3: 387–394. DOI:10.1189/jlb.0912433. PMID:23315425.
في كومنز مواد ذات صلة بـ TAAR1.
بوابة الكيمياء الحيوية
بوابة علم الأحياء الخلوي والجزيئي
بوابة علم الوراثة
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التصنيفات الطبية:  دليل الوراثة المندلية عند البشر (OMIM): 609333  
المعرفات الخارجية:  Ensembl Transcript ID: ENST00000275216  نظام اللغة الطبية الموحدة (UMLS CUI): C1539908  
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معرفات كيميائية:  قاعدة بيانات التتابع المرجعي (RefSeq RNA): NM_138327