مانوسمريتي
مراجع

↑  Manusmriti, The Oxford International Encyclopedia of Legal History (2009), Oxford University Press, (ردمك 978-0195134056), See entry for Manusmriti نسخة محفوظة 2019-10-19 على موقع واي باك مشين.
1 2  Patrick Olivelle (2005), Manu's Code of Law, Oxford University Press, (ردمك 978-0195171464), pages 18-19, 41
1 2 3  "Flood (1996), page 56".
1 2  G. Srikantan (2014), Thomas Duve (ed.), Entanglements in Legal History, Max Planck Institute: Germany, (ردمك 978-3944773001), page 123
↑  Steven Collins (1993), The discourse of what is primary, Journal of Indian philosophy, Volume 21, pages 301-393
↑  Patrick Olivelle (2005), Manu's Code of Law, Oxford University Press, (ردمك 978-0195171464), pages 3-4
↑  Robert Lingat (1973), The Classical Law of India, University of California Press, (ردمك 978-0520018983), page 77
↑  P Bilimoria (2011), The Idea of Hindu Law, Journal of the Oriental Society of Australia, Volume 43, pages 103-130
1 2 3 4  Donald Davis (2010), The Spirit of Hindu Law, Cambridge University Press, (ردمك 978-0521877046), pp 13–16, 166–179
↑  Patrick Olivelle (2005), Manu's Code of Law, Oxford University Press, (ردمك 978-0195171464)ISBN 978-0195171464, pages 18-19, 41
↑  ويليام هنتر (كاتب). The Indian Empire: Its People, History and Products. Routledge. ص. 114.
↑  For composition between 200 BCE and 200 CE see: Avari, p. 142. For dating of composition "between the second century BCE and third century CE" see: Flood (1996), p. 56. For dating of Manu Smriti in "final form" to the 2nd century CE, see: Keay, p. 103. For dating as completed some time between 200 BCE and 100 CE see: Hopkins, p. 74. For probable origination during the 2nd or 3rd centuries AD, see: Kulke and Rothermund, p. 85. For the text as preserved dated to around the 1st century BCE. see: "Manu-smriti". Encyclopædia Britannica. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2022-08-14. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2013-10-08.
↑  Glimpses of Indian Culture, Dinkar Joshi, p.51 (ردمك 9788176501903)
↑  Patrick Olivelle (2005), Manu's Code of Law, Oxford University Press, (ردمك 978-0195171464), pages 24-25
↑  Patrick Olivelle (2005). Manu's Code of Law. Oxford University Press. ص. 19. ISBN:0195171462.
1 2  Patrick Olivelle (2005), Manu's Code of Law, Oxford University Press, (ردمك 978-0195171464), pages 41-49
↑  John Bowker (2012), The Message and the Book: Sacred Texts of the World's Religions, Yale University Press, (ردمك 978-0300179293), pages 179-180
↑  Patrick Olivelle (1999), Dharmasutras - the law codes of ancient India, Oxford University Press, (ردمك 0-192838822), pages xxiv-xxv, 280-314
1 2 3 4  Patrick Olivelle (2005), Manu's Code of Law, Oxford University Press, (ردمك 978-0195171464), pages 7-8 نسخة محفوظة 2022-06-11 على موقع واي باك مشين.
1 2  Patrick Olivelle (2005), Manu's Code of Law, Oxford University Press, (ردمك 978-0195171464), pages 25-27
1 2 3 4  Patrick Olivelle (2005), Manu's Code of Law, Oxford University Press, (ردمك 978-0195171464), pages 9-10
1 2  The Laws of Manu 2.6 with footnotes George Bühler (Translator), The Sacred Books of the East, Vol. 25, Oxford University Press "نسخة مؤرشفة". مؤرشف من الأصل في 2022-03-22. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2022-11-18.{{استشهاد ويب}}:  صيانة الاستشهاد: BOT: original URL status unknown (link)
1 2  Brian Smith and Wendy Doniger (1992), The Laws of Manu, Penguin, (ردمك 978-0140445404), pages 17-18
↑  David Levinson (2002), Encyclopedia of Crime and Punishment, Volume 1, SAGE Publications, (ردمك 978-0761922582), page 829
↑  Davis، Donald R. Jr. (2007). "On Ātmastuṣṭi as a Source of Dharma". Journal of the American Oriental Society. ج. 127 ع. 3: 279–96.
↑  Werner Menski, Hindu Law: Beyond Tradition and Modernity (Delhi: Oxford UP, 2003), p.126 and Domenico Francavilla, The Roots of Hindu Jurisprudence: Sources of Dharma and Interpretation in Mīmāṃsā and Dharmaśāstra. Corpus Iuris Sanscriticum. Vol. 7 (Torino: CESMEO, 2006), pp.165–76.
↑  Patrick Olivelle (2005), Manu's Code of Law, Oxford University Press, (ردمك 978-0195171464), pages 10-15, 154-205
↑  Patrick Olivelle (2005), Manu's Code of Law, Oxford University Press, (ردمك 978-0195171464), pages 16, 8-14, 206-207
1 2  Patrick Olivelle (2005), Manu's Code of Law, Oxford University Press, (ردمك 978-0195171464), pages 16-17, 208-229
↑  Patrick Olivelle (2005), Manu's Code of Law, Oxford University Press, (ردمك 978-0195171464), pages 237-350, 914-982
1 2 3  Patrick Olivelle (2005), Manu's Code of Law, Oxford University Press, (ردمك 978-0195171464), pages 10, 17-19, 230-236, 290-292
↑  Robert Lingat (1973), The Classical Law of India, University of California Press, (ردمك 978-0520018983), page 86
↑  The Laws of Manu 12.125 George Bühler (Translator), The Sacred Books of the East, Vol. 25, Oxford University Press, page 513 "نسخة مؤرشفة". مؤرشف من الأصل في 2022-03-22. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2022-11-18.{{استشهاد ويب}}:  صيانة الاستشهاد: BOT: original URL status unknown (link)
1 2  Patrick Olivelle (2005), Manu's Code of Law, Oxford University Press, (ردمك 978-0195171464), pages 16, 62-65
↑  Patrick Olivelle (2005), Manu's Code of Law, Oxford University Press, (ردمك 978-0195171464), page 41
↑  The Laws of Manu 6.75 George Bühler (Translator), The Sacred Books of the East, Vol. 25, Oxford University Press, page 212 "نسخة مؤرشفة". مؤرشف من الأصل في 2022-03-22. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2022-11-18.{{استشهاد ويب}}:  صيانة الاستشهاد: BOT: original URL status unknown (link)
↑  The Laws of Manu 10.63 George Bühler (Translator), The Sacred Books of the East, Vol. 25, Oxford University Press, page 416 "نسخة مؤرشفة". مؤرشف من الأصل في 2022-03-22. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2022-11-18.{{استشهاد ويب}}:  صيانة الاستشهاد: BOT: original URL status unknown (link)
↑  Patrick Olivelle (2005), Manu's Code of Law, Oxford University Press, (ردمك 978-0195171464), pages 208-214, 337
1 2  Patrick Olivelle (2005), Manu's Code of Law, Oxford University Press, (ردمك 978-0195171464), page 275
↑  The Laws of Manu 4.204 George Bühler (translator), The Sacred Books of the East, Vol. 25, Oxford University Press, page 160-161 "نسخة مؤرشفة". مؤرشف من الأصل في 2022-03-22. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2022-11-18.{{استشهاد ويب}}:  صيانة الاستشهاد: BOT: original URL status unknown (link)
1 2 3  Patrick Olivelle (2005), Manu's Code of Law, Oxford University Press, (ردمك 978-0195171464), pp. 31–32
↑  Patrick Olivelle (2005), Manu's Code of Law, Oxford University Press, (ردمك 978-0195171464), p. 97
↑  Patrick Olivelle (2005), Manu's Code of Law, Oxford University Press, (ردمك 978-0195171464), p. 140
↑  Patrick Olivelle (2005), Manu's Code of Law, Oxford University Press, (ردمك 978-0195171464), pp. 31–32, 138–147, 558–593
1 2 3  Flavia Agnes (2001), Law and Gender Inequality: The Politics of Women's Rights in India, Oxford University Press, (ردمك 978-0195655247), pp. 41–45
↑  Robert Lingat (1973), The Classical Law of India, University of California Press, (ردمك 978-0520018983), p. 84
↑  Patrick Olivelle (2005), Manu's Code of Law, Oxford University Press, (ردمك 978-0195171464), pp. 190–207, 746–809
↑  Patrick Olivelle (2005), Manu's Code of Law, Oxford University Press, (ردمك 978-0195171464), pp. 31–32, 108–123, 138–147
↑  Patrick Olivelle (2005), Manu's Code of Law, Oxford University Press, (ردمك 978-0195171464), pp. 98, 146–147
↑  Patrick Olivelle (2005), Manu's Code of Law, Oxford University Press, (ردمك 978-0195171464), p. 111
↑  Sanskrit: यत्र नार्यस्तु पूज्यन्ते रमन्ते तत्र देवताः । यत्रैतास्तु न पूज्यन्ते सर्वास्तत्राफलाः क्रियाः 
"The Laws of Manu" 3.55–3.56. George Bühler (translator), The Sacred Books of the East, Vol. 25, Oxford University Press, p. 85 نسخة محفوظة 10 أبريل 2016 على موقع واي باك مشين.
↑  Patrick Olivelle (2005), Manu's Code of Law, Oxford University Press, (ردمك 978-0195171464), p. 146
↑  Patrick Olivelle (2005), Manu's Code of Law, Oxford University Press, (ردمك 978-0195171464), pp. 31–32, 194–207, 755–809
↑  Robert Lingat (1973), The Classical Law of India, University of California Press, (ردمك 978-0520018983), pp. 83–84
↑  Patrick Olivelle (2005), Manu's Code of Law, Oxford University Press, (ردمك 978-0195171464), pages 182-193, 659–706
↑  Abdullahi Ahmed An-Na'im (2010), Islam and the Secular State, Harvard University Press, (ردمك 978-0674034563), pp. 149, 289
1 2 3 4  Robert Lingat (1973), The Classical Law of India, University of California Press, (ردمك 978-0520018983), pp. 81–82
1 2  Patrick Olivelle (2005), Manu's Code of Law, Oxford University Press, (ردمك 978-0195171464), pp. 154–166, 613–658
1 2  J Sinha (2014), Psycho-Social Analysis of the Indian Mindset, Springer Academic, (ردمك 978-8132218036), p. 5
↑  Arun Kumbhare (2009), Women of India: Their Status Since the Vedic Times, (ردمك 978-1440156007), p. 56
↑  A. Narain (1991). Robert Brown (المحرر). Ganesh: Studies of an Asian God. State University of New York Press. ص. 22. ISBN:978-0-7914-0656-4. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2022-11-18.
↑  Robert E. Van Voorst (يناير 2016). Anthology of World Scriptures. Cengage. ص. 43. ISBN:978-1-305-88800-5. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2021-09-24.
↑  Kane, P. V. (1975), History of Dharmaśāstra, Poona: Bhandarkar Oriental Research Institute, 1975, Volume I, Part I, 566.
1 2  Olivelle, Patrick, "Dharmaśāstra: A Literary History", page 29.
↑  J. Duncan M. Derrett (1977), Essays in Classical and Modern Hindu Law, Brill Academic, (ردمك 978-9004048089), pp. 10–17, 36–37 with footnote 75a
↑  Kane, P. V. (1975), History of Dharmaśāstra, Poona: Bhandarkar Oriental Research Institute, Volume I, Part II, 583.
1 2 3 4 5 6  Patrick Olivelle (2005), Manu's Code of Law, Oxford University Press, (ردمك 978-0195171464), pp. 367–369
↑  Visvanath Narayan Mandlik (1886), Manavadharmaśastram, 83427487
↑  David Buxbaum (1998), Family Law and Customary Law in Asia: A Contemporary Legal Perspective, Springer Academic, (ردمك 978-9401757942), p. 204
↑  Donald Davis (2010), The Spirit of Hindu Law, Cambridge University Press, (ردمك 978-0521877046), p. 14
↑  Werner Menski (2009), Hindu Law: Beyond Tradition and Modernity, Oxford University Press, (ردمك 978-0195699210), Chapters 2 & 4
↑  Donald R. Davis Jr (2005), "Intermediate Realms of Law: Corporate Groups and Rulers in Medieval India", Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient, Volume 48, Issue 1, pages 92–117
1 2  Anthony Reid (1988), Southeast Asia in the Age of Commerce, 1450–1680: The lands below the winds, Yale University Press, (ردمك 978-0300047509), pp 137–138
↑  BHATTACHARYYA، PARNASABARI (1993). "MANUSMRITI AND MANAVADHAMMASATTHAM: INDIAN INFLUENCE ON BURMESE LEGAL TEXTS". Proceedings of the Indian History Congress. ج. 54: 68–72. ISSN:2249-1937. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2021-10-27.
↑  Victor Lieberman (2014), Burmese Administrative Cycles, Princeton University Press, (ردمك 978-0691612812), pp. 66–68; Also see discussion of 13th-century Wagaru Dhamma-sattha / 11th century Manu Dhammathat manuscripts discussion.
↑  On Laws of Manu in 14th-century Thailand's Ayuthia kingdom named after Ayodhya, see David Wyatt (2003), Thailand: A Short History, Yale University Press, (ردمك 978-0300084757), p. 61;

Robert Lingat (1973), The Classical Law of India, University of California Press, (ردمك 978-0520018983), pp. 269–272
↑  Hooker، M. B. (فبراير 1978). "The Indian-Derived Law Texts of Southeast Asia". The Journal of Asian Studies. ج. 37 ع. 2: 201–219. DOI:10.2307/2054162. JSTOR:2054162.
↑  Lariviere، Richard W. (نوفمبر 1989). "Justices and Paṇḍitas: Some Ironies in Contemporary Readings of the Hindu Legal Past". Association for Asian Studies. ج. 48 ع. 4: 757–769. DOI:10.2307/2058113. JSTOR:2058113.
1 2  Tomothy Lubin et al (2010), Lubin and Davis (eds.), Hinduism and Law: An Introduction, Cambridge University Press, (ردمك 978-0521716260)ISBN 978-0521716260, Chapter 1
1 2 3  Washbrook، D. A. (1981). "Law, State and Agrarian Society in Colonial India". Modern Asian Studies. ج. 15 ع. 3: 649–721. DOI:10.1017/s0026749x00008714. JSTOR:312295.
↑  Kugle، Scott Alan (مايو 2001). "Framed, Blamed and Renamed: The Recasting of Islamic Jurisprudence in Colonial South Asia". Cambridge University Press. ج. 35 ع. 2: 257–313. DOI:10.1017/s0026749x01002013. JSTOR:313119.
1 2 3 4  Ludo Rocher (1978), "Hindu Conceptions of Law", Hastings Law Journal, Volume 29, pages 1283–1297
1 2 3 4  Anderson، Michael (1995). "10". في Arnold، David؛ Robb، Peter (المحررون). Institutions and Ideologies: A SOAS South Asia Reader. Routledge. ISBN:978-0700702848.
↑  Ewing، K. (1988). Sharia and ambiguity in South Asian Islam. University of California Press. ISBN:978-0520055759.
1 2  Abdullahi Ahmed An-Na'im (2010), Islam and the Secular State, Harvard University Press, (ردمك 978-0674034563), pp. 149–150
↑  "A digest of Moohummudan law on the subjects to which it is usually applied by British courts of justice in India" Neil Baillie, Smith, Elder & Co. London نسخة محفوظة 24 أبريل 2022 على موقع واي باك مشين.
↑  Tomothy Lubin et al (2010), Lubin and Davis (eds.), Hinduism and Law: An Introduction, Cambridge University Press, (ردمك 978-0521716260), Chapter 1
↑  Ludo Rocher, "Hindu Law and Religion: Where to draw the line?" In S. A. J. Zaidi, ed. Malik Ram Felicitation Volume. (New Delhi, 1972), pp. 190–191.
↑  J. D. M. Derrett, Religion, Law, and the State in India, London: Faber, 1968, 96. For a related distinction between religious and secular law in Dharmaśāstra, see Lubin، Timothy (2007). "Punishment and Expiation: Overlapping Domains in Brahmanical Law". Indologica Taurinensia. ج. 33: 93–122. SSRN:1084716.
↑  For reviews of the British misappropriations of Dharmaśāstra, see: Lariviere، Richard W. (نوفمبر 1989). "Justices and Paṇḍitas: Some Ironies in Contemporary Readings of the Hindu Legal Past". Association for Asian Studies. ج. 48 ع. 4: 757–769. DOI:10.2307/2058113. JSTOR:2058113. and Rocher، Ludo (يونيو 1993). "Law Books in an Oral Culture: The Indian Dharmaśāstras". Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society. ج. 137 ع. 2: 254–267. JSTOR:986732.
↑  M. Rama Jois (2004), Legal and Constitutional History of India, Universal Law Publishing, (ردمك 978-8175342064), page 31
↑  M. Rama Jois (2004), Legal and Constitutional History of India, Universal Law Publishing, (ردمك 978-8175342064), p. 32
↑  Mahatma Gandhi, Hinduism according to Gandhi, Orient Paperbacks (2013 Reprint Edition), (ردمك 978-8122205589), page 129
1 2 3  Nicholas Dirks (2001), Castes of Mind: Colonialism and the Making of Modern India, Princeton University Press, (ردمك 978-0691088952), pages 266-269
↑  For objections to the work by feminists, see: Avari, pp. 142–143.
↑  Friedrich Nietzsche, The Antichrist (1888), 56–57.
↑  Daniel Conway (1997), Nietzsche and the Political, Routledge, (ردمك 978-0415100694), p. 36
1 2  Julian Young (2010), Friedrich Nietzsche: A Philosophical Biography, Cambridge University Press, (ردمك 978-0521871174), p. 515
1 2  Aaron Ridley, Nietzsche: The Anti-Christ, Ecce Homo, Twilight of the Idols: And Other Writings, Cambridge University Press, p. 58
↑  Walter Kaufmann (2013), Nietzsche: Philosopher, Psychologist, Antichrist, Princeton University Press, (ردمك 978-0691160269), pages 225–226
↑  Walter Kaufmann (1980), From Shakespeare to Existentialism, Princeton University Press, (ردمك 978-0691013671), p. 215
↑  Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar, Writings and Speeches, Volume 3, p. 270, B. R. Ambedkar نسخة محفوظة 2022-11-01 على موقع واي باك مشين.
↑  Romila Thapar, Aśoka and the Decline of the Mauryas, Oxford University Press (1960) p. 200.
↑  John Marshall, "An Historical and Artistic Description of Sanchi", from A Guide to Sanchi, citing p. 11. Calcutta: Superintendent, Government Printing (1918). pp. 7–29 on line, Project South Asia. نسخة محفوظة 2009-02-10 على موقع واي باك مشين.
↑  Pollard;Rosenberg;Tignor، Elizabeth;Clifford;Robert (2011). Worlds Together Worlds Apart. New York: Norton. ص. 285. ISBN:9780393918472.{{استشهاد بكتاب}}:  صيانة الاستشهاد: أسماء متعددة: قائمة المؤلفين (link)
↑  The Light of Truth, Chapter 4
↑  The Pedigree of Man: Four Lectures Delivered at the Twenty-eighth Anniversary Meetings of the Theosophical Society, at Adyar, December, 1903. Theosophical Publishing Society. 1904. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2021-10-23.
↑  Friedrich Nietzsche, The Will to Power, vol. 1.
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