تقسيم الهند
مراجع

↑  Vazira Fazila-Yacoobali Zamindar (2010). The Long Partition and the Making of Modern South Asia: Refugees, Boundaries, Histories. Columbia University Press. ص. 40–. ISBN:978-0-231-13847-5. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2023-03-26. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2018-04-24. Second, it was feared that if an exchange of populations was agreed to in principle in Punjab, ' there was likelihood of trouble breaking out in other parts of the subcontinent to force Muslims in the Indian Dominion to move to Pakistan. If that happened, we would find ourselves with inadequate land and other resources to support the influx.' Punjab could set a very dangerous precedent for the rest of the subcontinent. Given that Muslims in the rest of India, some 42 million, formed a population larger than the entire population of West Pakistan at the time, economic rationality eschewed such a forced migration. In divided Punjab, millions of people were already on the move, and the two governments had to respond to this mass movement. Thus, despite these important reservations, the establishment of the MEO led to an acceptance of a 'transfer of populations' in divided Punjab, too, 'to give a sense of security' to ravaged communities on both sides. A statement of the Indian government's position of such a transfer across divided Punjab was made in the legislature by Neogy on November 18, 1947. He stated that although the Indian government's policy was 'to discourage mass migration from one province to another.' Punjab was to be an exception. In the rest of the subcontinent migrations were not to be on a planned basis, but a matter of individual choice. This exceptional character of movements across divided Punjab needs to be emphasized, for the agreed and 'planned evacuations' by the two governments formed the context of those displacements.
↑  Peter Gatrell (2013). The Making of the Modern Refugee. OUP Oxford. ص. 149–. ISBN:978-0-19-967416-9. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2023-03-26. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2018-04-24. Notwithstanding the accumulated evidence of inter-communal tension, the signatories to the agreement that divided the Raj did not expect the transfer of power and the partition of India to be accompanied by a mass movement of population. Partition was conceived as a means of preventing migration on a large scale because the borders would be adjusted instead. Minorities need not be troubled by the new configuration. As Pakistan's first Prime Minister, Liaquat Ali Khan, affirmed, 'the division of India into Pakistan and India Dominions was based on the principle that minorities will stay where they were and that the two states will afford all protection to them as citizens of the respective states'.
↑  Tucker، S.C. (2017). Modern Conflict in the Greater Middle East: A Country-by-Country Guide. Bloomsbury Publishing. ص. 241. ISBN:979-8-216-11844-2. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2024-12-04. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2023-12-01.
↑  Population Redistribution and Development in South Asia. Springer Science & Business Media. 2012. ص. 6. ISBN:978-9400953093. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2024-09-26. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2017-09-07.
↑  "When Muslims left Pakistan for India". The New Indian Express (Opinion). مؤرشف من الأصل في 2020-04-24.
↑  Rahman، Shazia (2019). Place and Postcolonial Ecofeminism: Pakistani Women's Literary and Cinematic Fictions. Expanding Frontiers: Interdisciplinary Approaches to Studies of Women, Gender, and Sexuality. Nebraska. ص. 23. ISBN:978-1-4962-1341-9. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2024-08-14.
↑  Brown، J.M. (1991). Gandhi: Prisoner of Hope. Yale University Press. ص. 380. ISBN:978-0-300-05125-4. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2023-05-27.
↑  Kibriya، M. (1999). Gandhi and Indian Freedom Struggle. APH Publishing Corporation. ص. 344. ISBN:978-81-7648-058-1. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2024-08-14. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2024-08-14.
↑  Rollason، J. (2019). Gandhi. Penguin readers. Pearson Education. ص. 26. ISBN:978-1-292-29334-9. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2024-08-14.
↑  Wolpert، Stanley (2001). Gandhi's Passion: The Life and Legacy of Mahatma Gandhi. Oxford paperbacks. Oxford University Press, USA. ص. 254. ISBN:978-0-19-515634-8. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2024-08-14.
↑  Roy، Haimanti (2018). The Partition of India. Oxford India Short Introductions. OUP India. ص. 76. ISBN:978-0-19-909382-3. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2024-09-25. Most scholars now accept that approximately 1 million people died from Partition-related violence.
↑  Talbot، Ian (2009). "Partition of India: The Human Dimension". Cultural and Social History. ج. 6 ع. 4: 403–410. DOI:10.2752/147800409X466254. S2CID:147110854. The number of casualties remains a matter of dispute, with figures being claimed that range from 200,000 to 2 million victims.
↑  Butalia، Urvashi (2000). The Other Side of Silence: Voices From the Partition of India. Duke University Press. ص. 3. ISBN:0-8223-2494-6. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2016-03-25. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2016-03-25. Never before or since have so many people exchanged their homes and countries so quickly ... people moved between the new, truncated India and the two wings, East and West, of the newly created Pakistan ... Slaughter sometimes accompanied and sometimes prompted their movement; many others died from malnutrition and contagious diseases. Estimates of the dead vary from 200,000 (the contemporary British figure) to two million (a later Indian estimate) ... despite many warnings, the new governments of India and Pakistan were unprepared for the convulsion: they had not anticipated ...
↑  Sikand، Yoginder (2004). Muslims in India Since 1947: Islamic Perspectives on Inter-Faith Relations. Routledge. ص. 5. ISBN:978-1-134-37825-8. Partition wrought in its wake the greatest forced migration in the history of humankind ... between 1 and 2 million people, Muslims, Hindus, Sikhs and Dalits, were killed.
↑  Vazira Fazila-Yacoobali Zamindar (4 فبراير 2013). "India–Pakistan Partition 1947 and forced migration". The Encyclopedia of Global Human Migration. DOI:10.1002/9781444351071.wbeghm285. ISBN:9781444334890. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2021-01-22. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2021-01-16.
↑  "The partition of India and retributive genocide in the Punjab, 1946–47: means, methods, and purposes" (PDF). مؤرشف (PDF) من الأصل في 2021-04-14. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2006-12-19.
↑  "A heritage all but erased". The Friday Times. 25 ديسمبر 2015. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2022-04-24. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2017-06-26.
1 2 3 4  Bharadwaj، Prasant؛ Khwaja، Asim؛ Mian، Atif (30 أغسطس 2008). "The Big March: Migratory Flows after the Partition of India" (PDF). Economic & Political Weekly: 43. مؤرشف من الأصل (PDF) في 2012-12-03. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2016-01-16.
↑  "Sikh Social Warriors". مؤرشف من الأصل في 2018-07-23. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2018-07-25.
↑  "The 'bloody' Punjab partition – VIII". 27 سبتمبر 2018. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2018-07-25. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2018-07-25.
↑  Ahmed، Ishtiaq (31 يناير 2013). "The Punjab Bloodied, Partitioned and Cleansed". مؤرشف من الأصل في 2017-08-09. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2017-03-01.
↑  Butt، Shafiq (24 أبريل 2016). "A page from history: Dr Ishtiaq underscores need to build bridges". Dawn. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2017-08-10. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2017-03-01.
↑  Talbot، Ian (1993). "The role of the crowd in the Muslim League struggled for Pakistan". The Journal of Imperial and Commonwealth History. ج. 21 ع. 2: 307–333. DOI:10.1080/03086539308582893. Four thousand Muslim shops and homes were destroyed in the walled area of Amritsar during a single week in March 1947. were these exceptions which prove the rule? It appears that casualty figures were frequently higher when Hindus rather than Muslims were the aggressors.
↑  Nisid Hajari (2015). Midnight's Furies: The Deadly Legacy of India's Partition. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. ص. 139–. ISBN:978-0-547-66921-2. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2023-03-26. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2017-12-18.
1 2 3  "Census of India 1921. Vol. 15, Punjab and Delhi. Pt. 2, Tables". 1921. JSTOR:saoa.crl.25430165. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2024-12-04. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2024-02-17.
1 2 3  "Census of India 1931. Vol. 17, Punjab. Pt. 2, Tables". 1931. JSTOR:saoa.crl.25793242. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2024-12-04. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2024-02-04.
1 2 3  India Census Commissioner (1941). "Census of India, 1941. Vol. 6, Punjab". JSTOR:saoa.crl.28215541. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2024-12-04. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2022-07-22.
↑  Chatterji، Joya (2007). The Spoils of Partition: Bengal and India, 1947–1967. Cambridge University Press. ص. 31, 58–60. ISBN:978-0-521-87536-3.
↑  Khisha، Mukur K. (1998). All That Glisters. Minerva Press. ص. 49. ISBN:978-1861060525.
1 2  "Sindhi Voices from the Partition". The HeritageLab.in. 16 أغسطس 2020. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2020-06-08. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2020-06-08.
1 2 3  Bhavnani، Nandita (2014). The Making of Exile: Sindhi Hindus and the Partition of India. Westland. ISBN:978-93-84030-33-9.
↑  Markovits، Claude (2000). The Global World of Indian Merchants, 1750–1947. مطبعة جامعة كامبريدج. ص. 278. ISBN:978-0-521-62285-1.
↑  "Population of Hindus in the World". Pakistan Hindu Council. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2013-05-18.{{استشهاد ويب}}:  صيانة الاستشهاد: مسار غير صالح (link)
↑  Abi-Habib، Maria (5 أكتوبر 2019). "Hard Times Have Pakistani Hindus Looking to India, Where Some Find Only Disappointment". The New York Times. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2021-01-02. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2020-07-10.
1 2  India Census Commissioner (1941). "Census of India, 1941. Vol. 12, Sind". JSTOR:saoa.crl.28215545. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2023-01-29. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2024-05-05.
↑  "CPopulation According to Religion, Tables-6, Pakistan - Census 1951". مؤرشف من الأصل في 2024-12-08. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2024-09-28.
↑  Acyuta Yājñika؛ Suchitra Sheth (2005). The Shaping of Modern Gujarat: Plurality, Hindutva, and Beyond. Penguin Books India. ص. 225–. ISBN:978-0-14-400038-8. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2023-03-26. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2018-07-16.
1 2  Balasubrahmanyan، Suchitra (2011). "Partition and Gujarat: The Tangled Web of Religious, Caste, Community and Gender Identities". South Asia: Journal of South Asian Studies. tandfonline. ج. 34 ع. 3: 460–484. DOI:10.1080/00856401.2011.620556. S2CID:145404336.
1 2 3  "Census of India, 1941 Volume XVI Delhi". مؤرشف من الأصل في 2022-10-11. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2023-01-16.
↑  Guha، Ramachandra (3 فبراير 2015). Gandhi before India. National Geographic Books. ISBN:978-0-307-47478-0. OCLC:903907799.
↑  Sharma، Mohit (24 أبريل 2014). "The Afghan trail". Millennium Post. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2016-03-12. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2014-04-23. It is transforming an identity which once was dominated by migrated refugees (Saraikis and Sindhis) from Pakistan after Partition.
↑  Nisid Hajari (2015). Midnight's Furies: The Deadly Legacy of India's Partition. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. ص. 160–. ISBN:978-0-547-66921-2. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2023-03-26. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2017-11-18.
1 2  Kumari، Amita (2013). "Delhi as Refuge: Resettlement and Assimilation of Partition Refugees". Economic and Political Weekly: 60–67.
↑  "Capital gains: How 1947 gave birth to a new identity, a new ambition, a new Delhi". Hindustan Times. 24 أبريل 2018. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2021-05-13. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2021-05-13.
↑  Sharma، Bulbul (2013). Muslims In Indian Cities. HarperCollins Publishers India. ISBN:978-93-5029-555-7.
1 2  Vashishta، Lakshmi Chandra؛ India. Superintendent Of Census Operations، Punjab (1951). "Census of India, 1951: Punjab, Pepsu, Himachal Pradesh, Bilaspur & Delhi". JSTOR:saoa.crl.25803729. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2024-09-28. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2024-05-12.
↑  Copland، Ian (2005). State, Community and Neighbourhood in Princely North India, c. 1900–1950. ص. 159.
↑  Copland، I (2005). State, Community and Neighbourhood in Princely North India, c. 1900–1950. ص. 158.
↑  Copland، Ian (2005). State, Community and Neighbourhood in Princely North India, c. 1900–1950. ص. 148.
↑  Copland، Ian (2002). "The Master and the Maharajas: The Sikh Princes and the شرق البنجاب Massacres of 1947". Modern Asian Studies. ج. 36 ع. 3: 657–704. DOI:10.1017/S0026749X02003050. ISSN:0026-749X. JSTOR:3876650. S2CID:146123606. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2021-11-20. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2021-11-20.
↑  Copland، I. (26 أبريل 2005). State, Community and Neighbourhood in Princely North India, c. 1900–1950. Springer. ISBN:9780230005983. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2023-04-05. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2021-03-11.
↑  Copland، Ian (2005). State, Community and Neighbourhood in Princely North India, c. 1900–1950. ص. 157.
1 2  Pandey، Gyanendra (2001). Remembering Partition: Violence, Nationalism and History in India. Cambridge University Press. ص. 39. ISBN:978-0-521-00250-9. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2023-03-26. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2017-09-07.
↑  Marston، Daniel (2014). The Indian Army and the End of the Raj. Cambridge University Press. ص. 306. ISBN:978-1139915762. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2023-03-26. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2017-09-07.
↑  Khan 2007، صفحة 135
↑  Chattha, Ilyas Ahmad (September 2009), Partition and Its Aftermath: Violence, Migration and the Role of Refugees in the Socio-Economic Development of Gujranwala and Sialkot Cities, 1947–1961. University of Southampton, retrieved 16 February 2016. ص. 179, 183.
↑  A.G. Noorani (25 فبراير 2012). "Horrors of Partition". Frontline. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2014-02-25. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2017-03-07.
↑  Snedden، Christopher (2013) [First published 2012 as The Untold Story of the People of Azad Kashmir]. Kashmir: The Unwritten History. HarperCollins India. ص. 56. ISBN:978-93-5029-898-5. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2023-07-20. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2021-07-12.; Das Gupta، Jyoti Bhusan (2012) [First published 1968]. Jammu and Kashmir. Springer. ص. 97. ISBN:978-94-011-9231-6. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2023-03-26. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2021-07-12.
↑  Census of India, 1941 and 1951
↑  Kaur، Ravinder (2007). Since 1947: Partition Narratives among Punjabi Migrants of Delhi. دار نشر جامعة أكسفورد. ISBN:978-0-19-568377-6.
↑  Johari، Aarefa. "Facing eviction, residents of a Mumbai Partition-era colony fear they will become homeless again". Scroll.in. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2018-08-02. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2018-10-20.
↑  "Meet the Bengali refugees who now dominate businesses, farms in Chhattisgarh's tribal belt". Economic Times. 19 يناير 2020. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2024-12-02.
↑  "Over 1 crore Bengali refugees living outside Benga". The Times of India. 2 يناير 2019. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2021-06-05. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2021-08-01.
↑  Girish Kuber (9 يناير 2007). "Pappu's Ulhasnagar gambit may backfire". Economic Times. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2013-01-26. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2007-05-24.
↑  "Why create problems when we live in peace: Marathi-speaking community from Karachi to Shiv Sena". DNA. 22 أكتوبر 2015. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2021-07-26. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2021-07-26.
↑  "70 years on, one Pashtun town still safeguards its old Hindu-Muslim brotherhood". Arab News. 30 يونيو 2020. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2021-08-01. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2021-08-01.
↑  Pushpa (26 نوفمبر 2017). "Statistics of Refugee Camps and Their Administration in Combined Punjab" (PDF). 4the International Conference on 'Recent Research Development in Environment, Social Sciences and Humanities'. Chandigarh, India: A.R. Research Publication. ص. 129–130. ISBN:978-93-86171-82-5. مؤرشف من الأصل (PDF) في 2023-12-23.
1 2 3  Chitkara، G.M. (1998). Converts Do Not Make A Nation. APH Publishing. ص. 216. ISBN:978-81-7024-982-5.
↑  Ghosh، Papiya (2001). "The Changing Discourse Of The Muhajirs". India International Centre Quarterly. ج. 28 ع. 3: 58. JSTOR:23005560.
1 2  Chattha 2009، صفحة 111.
↑  Hill, K., Selzer, W., Leaning, J., Malik, S., & Russell, S. (2008). The Demographic Impact of Partition in Punjab in 1947. Population Studies, 62(2), 155–170.
↑  Perspectives on Modern South Asia: A Reader in Culture, History, and ... – Kamala Visweswara (16 May 2011) نسخة محفوظة 2023-09-22 على موقع واي باك مشين.
↑  Borders & boundaries: women in India's partition – Ritu Menon, Kamla Bhasi (24 April 1993). نسخة محفوظة 2023-04-05 على موقع واي باك مشين.
↑  Jayawardena، Kumari؛ de Alwi، Malathi (1996). Embodied violence: Communalising women's sexuality in South Asia. Zed Books. ISBN:978-1-85649-448-9.
↑  SenGupta، Anwesha (Summer 2012). "Looking Back at Partition and Women: A Factsheet" (PDF). Peace Prints: South Asian Journal of Peacebuilding. ج. 4 ع. 1. مؤرشف من الأصل (PDF) في 2024-09-08.
1 2 3 4 5  Khalidi، Omar (Autumn 1998). "From Torrent to Trickle: Indian Muslim Migration to Pakistan, 1947–97". Islamic Studies. ج. 37 ع. 3: 339–352. JSTOR:20837002.
↑  "Effects of Migration, Socioeconomic Status and Population Policy on Reproductive Behaviour" (PDF). مؤرشف من الأصل (PDF) في 2016-01-27. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2016-01-15.
1 2  Hasan, Arif; Mansoor, Raza (2009). Migration and Small Towns in Pakistan; Volume 15 of Rural-urban interactions and livelihood strategies are working paper. IIED. p. 16. (ردمك 978-1-84369-734-3).
1 2  Hasan, Arif (30 December 1987). "Comprehensive assessment of drought and famine in Sind arid ones leading to a realistic short and long-term emergency intervention plan" (PDF). p. 25. Retrieved 12 January 2016.
1 2  Hill، K.؛ Seltzer، W؛ Leaning، J.؛ Malik، S. J.؛ Russell، S. S. (1 سبتمبر 2006). "The Demographic Impact of Partition: Bengal in 1947". مؤرشف من الأصل (PDF) في 2006-09-01. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2020-05-22.
↑  Ben Whitaker, The Biharis in Bangladesh, Minority Rights Group, London, 1971, p. 7.
↑  Chatterji – Spoils of partition. p. 166
1 2 3 4  Rizvi، Uzair Hasan (10 سبتمبر 2015). "Hindu refugees from Pakistan encounter suspicion and indifference in India". Dawn. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2017-02-14. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2016-01-15.
↑  Haider، Irfan (13 مايو 2014). "5,000 Hindus migrating to India every year, NA told". Dawn. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2016-12-29. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2016-01-15.
↑  Yagnik، Bharat؛ Chauhan، Ashish (3 مارس 2019). "Shivnagar: State's biggest 'ghetto' of '71 war refugees | Ahmedabad News". The Times of India. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2021-08-01. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2021-08-01.
↑  "Over 54,000 families of PoK, Punjab residing in various parts of Jammu Province". Economic Times. 7 أبريل 2015. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2021-08-01. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2021-08-01.
↑  P. N. Luthra – Rehabilitation, pp. 18–19
↑  Chatterji، Joya (سبتمبر 2007)، "'Dispersal' and the Failure of Rehabilitation: Refugee Camp-dwellers and Squatters in WestBengal"، Modern Asian Studies، ج. 41، ص. 998، DOI:10.1017/S0026749X07002831، JSTOR:4499809، S2CID:145529015
↑  Stephen P. Cohen (2004). The Idea of Pakistan. Brookings Institution Press. ص. 59. ISBN:978-0-8157-9761-6. American scholar Allen Mcgrath
↑  Allen McGrath (1996). The Destruction of Pakistan's Democracy. Oxford University Press. ص. 38. ISBN:978-0-19-577583-9. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2024-03-28. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2017-03-21. Undivided India, their magnificent imperial trophy, was besmirched by the creation of Pakistan, and the division of India was never emotionally accepted by many British leaders, Mountbatten among them.
↑  Niall Ferguson (2003). Empire: how Britain made the modern world. Allen Lane. ص. 349. ISBN:9780713996159. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2023-03-26. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2018-04-17. In particular, Mountbatten put pressure on the supposedly neutral Boundary Commissioner, Sir Cyril Radcliffe—cruelly mocked at the time by W.H.Auden—to make critical adjustments in India's favor when drawing the frontier through the Punjab.
↑  "K. Z. Islam, 2002, The Punjab Boundary Award, In retrospect". Holiday. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2006-01-17. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2020-05-22.
↑  Partitioning India over lunch, Memoirs of a British civil servant Christopher Beaumont نسخة محفوظة 29 June 2017 على موقع واي باك مشين.. BBC News (10 August 2007).
↑  Ramone، Jenni (2017). Postcolonial Theories. Transitions. Bloomsbury Publishing. ص. 59. ISBN:978-0-230-34407-5. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2024-07-10.
↑  Stanley Wolpert, 2006, Shameful Flight: The Last Years of the British Empire in India, Oxford University Press, (ردمك 0-19-515198-4)
↑  Symonds، Richard (1950). The Making of Pakistan. London: Faber and Faber. ص. 74. OCLC:1462689. At the lowest estimate, half a million people perished and twelve millions became homeless.
1 2  Lawrence J. Butler, 2002, Britain and Empire: Adjusting to a Post-Imperial World, p. 72
↑  Lawrence J. Butler, 2002, Britain and Empire: Adjusting to a Post-Imperial World, p 72
↑  Ronald Hyam, Britain's Declining Empire: The Road to Decolonisation, 1918–1968, p. 113; Cambridge University Press, (ردمك 0-521-86649-9), 2007
↑  Lawrence James, Rise and Fall of the British Empire
↑  Thorpe, Vanessa (16 Jan 2017). "A British film with a Punjabi heart: director's personal take on partition". The Observer (بالإنجليزية البريطانية). ISSN:0029-7712. Archived from the original on 2024-12-02. Retrieved 2024-09-13.
↑  "How Prince Charles influenced Gurinder Chadha's film on the Partition of India and Pakistan". NBC News (بالإنجليزية). 1 Sep 2017. Archived from the original on 2024-09-13. Retrieved 2024-09-13.
1 2  "Was Pakistan sufficiently imagined before independence?". The Express Tribune. 23 أغسطس 2015. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2017-03-08. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2017-03-08.
1 2  Ashraf، Ajaz. "The Venkat Dhulipala interview: 'On the Partition issue, Jinnah and Ambedkar were on the same page'". Scroll.in. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2016-12-05. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2017-03-08.
↑  Long، Roger D.؛ Singh، Gurharpal؛ Samad، Yunas؛ Talbot، Ian (2015). State and Nation-Building in Pakistan: Beyond Islam and Security. Routledge. ص. 167. ISBN:978-1317448204. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2023-08-12. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2020-11-18. In the 1940s a solid majority of the Barelvis were supporters of the Pakistan Movement and played a supporting role in its final phase (1940–7), mostly under the banner of the All-India Sunni Conference which had been founded in 1925.
↑  John، Wilson (2009). Pakistan: The Struggle Within. Pearson Education India. ص. 87. ISBN:978-8131725047. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2022-04-24. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2020-11-18. During the 1946 election, Barelvi Ulama issued fatwas in favour of the Muslim League.
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↑  Jaffrelot، Christophe (2004). A History of Pakistan and Its Origins. Anthem Press. ص. 224. ISBN:978-1843311492. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2023-03-26. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2017-09-07. Believing that Islam was a universal religion, the Deobandi advocated a notion of a composite nationalism according to which Hindus and Muslims constituted one nation.
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