الخط الزمني لثقافة الستينات المضادة
مراجع

↑  "Betty Friedan and the Presidential Commission on the Status of Women". Radcliffe Institute for Advanced Study / Harvard University. 20 نوفمبر 2013. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2018-11-16. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2014-11-26. Text & Video
↑  "American Women: Report of The President's Commission on the Status of Women. 1963". US Government via University of Michigan via Hathitrust.org. 1963. مؤرشف من الأصل (PDF) في 2015-04-06. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2014-11-26. Google digitized pdf from U-M library
↑  "Battlefield: Timeline". PBS. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2018-10-25. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2016-02-11. In Operation Chopper, helicopters flown by U.S. Army pilots ferry 1,000 South Vietnamese soldiers to sweep a NLF stronghold near Saigon. It marks America's first combat missions against the Vietcong.
↑  Buckingham, Jr.، William (1983). "Operation Ranch Hand: Herbicides In Southeast Asia". Air University Review. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2017-01-07. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2014-06-17.
↑  Essoyan، Roy (5 فبراير 1962). "U.S. COPTER SHOT DOWN IN VIET NAM". The Chicago Tribune. ع. Volume CXXI- No. 31. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2016-04-16. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2015-12-24. {{استشهاد بخبر}}: |العدد= يحتوي على نص زائد (مساعدة)
1 2  "UN Session Seen as Help to U.S., Red Space Ties". news.google.com/newspapers. AP via Schenectady Gazette. 27 فبراير 1962. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2020-04-25. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2014-06-03.
↑  "Bob Dylan". Billboard. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2017-08-21. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2016-02-09.
↑  "The Official Web Page of the United Farm Workers of America". UFW. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2017-04-05. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2013-08-31.
↑  "The Statement". University of Michigan Department of History. 2012. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2016-07-10. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2014-11-21. The Port Huron Statement was the declaration of principles issued June 15, 1962, by Students for a Democratic Society (SDS), a major radical student organization in the United States during the 1960s. Having only a few hundred members across the country at the time the Statement was drafted, SDS drew tens of thousands of students into its ranks as the movement against the Vietnam War grew—before a deep factional split destroyed the organization in 1969. During SDS's history of activism, 60,000 copies of the Statement were distributed. It has become a historical landmark of American leftwing radicalism and a widely influential discourse on the meaning of democracy in modern society.
↑  Lopez-Munoz، Francisco؛ Ucha-Udabe، Ronaldo؛ Alamo، Cecilio (ديسمبر 2005). "The History of Barbiturates a Century after their Clinical Introduction". Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment. Dove Press via US National Institutes of Health. ج. 1 ع. 4: 329–343. PMC:2424120. PMID:18568113. In relation to the frequent cases of death by overdose, given the small therapeutic margin of these substances, it should be pointed out that this was a common method in suicide attempts. It suffices to recall, in this regard, the famous case of Marilyn Monroe, on whose death certificate it clearly states "acute poisoning by overdose of barbiturates" (Figure 7). The lethal effect of these compounds was such that a mixture of barbiturates with other substances was even employed in some USA states for the execution of prisoners sentenced to death. Furthermore, there are classic reports of fatal overdose due to the "automatism phenomenon", whereby the patient would take his or her dose, only to forget that he or she had already taken it, given the amnesic effect of the drug, and take it again, this process being repeated several times (Richards 1934). Figure 8 shows the evolution of number of deaths (accidental or suicide) by barbiturate overdose in England and Wales for the period 1905–1960. In this regard, and in the city of New York alone, in the period 1957–1963, there were 8469 cases of barbiturate overdose, with 1165 deaths (Sharpless 1970), whilst in the United Kingdom, between 1965 and 1970, there were 12 354 deaths attributed directly to barbiturates (Barraclough 1974). These data should not surprise us, since in a period of just one year (1968), 24.7 million prescriptions for barbiturates were issued in the United Kingdom (Plant 1981). In view of these data, the Advisory Council Campaign in Britain took measures restricting the prescription of these drugs. Meanwhile, the prescription of prolonged-acting sedative barbiturates was strongly opposed through citizens' action campaigns such as CURB (Campaign on the Use and Restrictions of Barbiturates), especially active during the 1970s.
↑  "Top 10 Mistresses: #4, Marilyn Monroe". content.time.com. Time, Inc. 1 يوليو 2009. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2018-01-04. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2014-09-25. Monroe died later in 1962 of a drug overdose, but tales about her alleged fling with the President grew increasingly tall. FBI Director J. Edgar Hoover tried to prove that the man on a secret FBI sex tape of Monroe was Kennedy, but he lacked definitive proof. Others claim Kennedy was involved in her death. Needless to say, the rumors are even less substantiated than the affair itself.
↑  Kennedy، John. "John F. Kennedy Moon Speech - Rice Stadium". US National Aeronautical & Space Administration. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2019-04-29.
↑  Griswold، Eliza (21 سبتمبر 2012). "How 'Silent Spring' Ignited the Environmental Movement". nytimes.com. The New York Times Co. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2017-11-15. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2014-06-03.
↑  Meyer، Michal؛ Kenworthy، Bob. "DDT: The Britney Spears of Chemicals (Audio Podcast)". chemicalheritage.org. Chemical Heritage Foundation. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2017-09-29. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2016-08-18. Americans have had a long, complicated relationship with the pesticide DDT, or dichloro-diphenyl-trichloroethane, if you want to get fancy. First we loved it, then we hated it, then we realized it might not be as bad as we thought. But we'll never restore it to its former glory. And couldn't you say the same about America's once-favorite pop star?
↑  James Meredith (7 أغسطس 2012). A Mission from God: A Memoir and Challenge for America. Simon and Schuster. ISBN:978-1-4516-7474-3. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2015-03-19.
↑  "The Integration of Ole Miss (Historical video and text resources)". history.com. A&E Television Networks, LLC. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2019-05-17. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2014-06-20.
↑  "The Beatles' 'Love Me Do' Hits the Public Domain in Europe". Rolling Stone. 12 يناير 2013.
↑  Hotten، Russell (4 أكتوبر 2012). "The Beatles at 50: From Fab Four to fabulously wealthy". BBC. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2017-09-23. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2015-11-18.
↑  Viner، Brian (11 فبراير 2012). "The man who rejected the Beatles". independent.co.uk. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2018-03-09. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2016-02-09. Exactly 50 years ago, Decca's Dick Rowe turned down the Fab Four, so heading an unenviable club of talent-spotters who passed up their biggest chance. But is it all an urban myth? A new book suggests so
↑  Dobbs، Michael؛ Dobbs، Rachel (8 أكتوبر 2012). "Thirteen Days in October (Annotated Slideshow)". Foreignpolicy.com. Foreign Policy. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2019-04-22. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2016-06-28.
↑  "Aerial Photograph of Missiles in Cuba (1962)". ourdocuments.gov. The National Archives and Records Administration, et al (US). مؤرشف من الأصل في 2018-11-24. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2014-06-04.
↑  Kennedy، John (22 أكتوبر 1962). "JFK Addresses Nation". youtube.com. US Govvernment (original). مؤرشف من الأصل في 2019-01-17. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2017-02-15. Complete and uncut footage of speech.
↑  Schwartz، Stephen (أغسطس 1998). "Skybolt Air-Launched Ballistic Missile (AGM-48A) (Archive Document)". brookings.edu. The Brookings Institution. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2016-03-04. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2014-06-12.
↑  Anderson, Walter Truett. The Upstart Spring: Esalen and the American Awakening, Addison Wesley Publishing Company (1983, 2004) p. 64
1 2  Isserman، Maurice (19 يونيو 2009). "Essay Michael Harrington: Warrior on Poverty". nytimes.com. The New York Times. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2015-04-02. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2014-07-13. Among the book's readers, reputedly, was John F. Kennedy, who in the fall of 1963 began thinking about proposing antipoverty legislation. After Kennedy's assassination, Lyndon Johnson took up the issue, calling in his 1964 State of the Union address for an "unconditional war on poverty." Sargent Shriver headed the task force charged with drawing up the legislation, and invited Harrington to Washington as a consultant.
↑  Lehmann-Haupt، Christopher (11 نوفمبر 2001). "Ken Kesey, Author of 'Cuckoo's Nest,' Who Defined the Psychedelic Era, Dies at 66". nytimes.com. The New York Times. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2018-06-12. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2014-07-07. Ken Kesey, the Pied Piper of the psychedelic era, who was best known as the author of the novel One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest, died yesterday in a hospital in Eugene, Ore., said his wife, Faye. He was 66 and lived in Pleasant Hill, Ore.
↑  Hoffman، Jordan (19 نوفمبر 2015). "'One Flew Over The Cuckoo's Nest' Still Resonates 40 Years Later". biography.com. A&E Television Networks, LLC. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2019-02-01. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2016-06-20. Milos Forman's adaptation of Ken Kesey's novel 'One Flew Over The Cuckoo's Nest' is, in some ways, the essential film document about the 1960s counter-culture.
↑  Dunlap، David (4 يناير 2012). "Charles W. Bailey, Journalist and Political Novelist, Dies at 82". nytimes.com. The New York Times. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2016-02-03. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2015-02-07. Written with Fletcher Knebel and published in 1962, Seven Days in May tells of an attempted coup by the chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff in May 1974 after the president negotiates a disarmament treaty with Russia. It was at the top of The New York Times's best-seller list in early 1963 and was made into a movie, with Burt Lancaster, Kirk Douglas and Fredric March, in 1964.
↑  Jesse Walker (1 يونيو 2004). Rebels on the Air: An Alternative History of Radio in America. NYU Press. ص. 91–. ISBN:978-0-8147-8477-8. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2015-03-19.
↑  Hinckley، David (20 سبتمبر 2012). "Documentary 'Radio Unnameable' captures the wee-hour WBAI broadcasts of Bob Fass". nydailynews.com. The New York Daily News. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2018-06-21. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2014-07-24. Legendary jock entertained and informed New Yorkers in the '60s and '70s by bringing on guests like Bob Dylan and Abbie Hoffman.
↑  Paul Lovelace & Jessica Wolfson (2012). Radio Unnameable (Film Documentary). New York: Lost Footage Films. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2019-06-06.
1 2  Cochrane، Kira (6 مايو 2013). "1963: the beginning of the feminist movement - Fifty years on, we look back at the year that signalled the beginning of the modern era". theguardian.com. Guardian News and Media Limited. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2019-04-09. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2014-06-03.
↑  "Louie Louie (The Song)". fbi.gov. US Federal Bureau of Investigation. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2019-05-11. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2016-05-12. n 1963, a rock group named the Kingsmen recorded the song "Louie, Louie." The popularity of the song and difficulty in discerning the lyrics led some people to suspect the song was obscene. The FBI was asked to investigate whether or not those involved with the song violated laws against the interstate transportation of obscene material. The limited investigation lasted from February to May 1964 and discovered no evidence of obscenity.
↑  McArdle، Terence (29 أبريل 2015). "Jack Ely, whose garbled version of 'Louie Louie' became a sensation, dies". The Washington Post. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2018-01-25. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2016-05-13. According to rock music historian Peter Blecha, advances in recording technology have revealed an actual obscenity on the Kingsmen's recording of "Louie Louie." About 54 seconds in, Blecha said, Easton uses a barely audible profanity after fumbling with a drumstick.
↑  File:President Kennedy American University Commencement Address June 10, 1963.jpg
↑  "The Burning Monk: A defining moment photographed by AP's Malcolm Browne". ap.org. Associated Press. 2013. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2019-05-25. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2015-03-01. Nevertheless, it was that picture which shocked President John F. Kennedy, who immediately ordered a review of his administration's Vietnam policy. The review led to more troops, not fewer.
↑  Schudel، Matt (28 أغسطس 2012). "Malcolm W. Browne, Pulitzer-winning journalist who captured indelible Vietnam image, dies at 81". washingtonpost.com. The Washington Post. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2016-03-10. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2015-03-01. He chronicled the regime of South Vietnamese President Ngo Dinh Diem and the homegrown opposition led by Buddhist monks. On June 11, 1963, Mr. Browne was present when an elderly monk named Thich Quang Duc, wearing sandals and a robe, calmly sat cross-legged on a cushion in the center of an intersection in Saigon.  Other monks poured fuel over him, and the monk struck a match and was immediately engulfed in flames. Mr. Browne shot roll after roll of film, documenting the self-immolation.
1 2  Cosgrove، Ben؛ Loengard، John (11 يونيو 2013). "Behind the Picture: Medgar Evers' Funeral, June 1963 (Story and Photos)". life.time.com. Time, Inc. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2015-01-14. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2014-06-25. In its June 28, 1963, issue, LIFE confronted the assassination with a combination of scorn (for the Klan and for white supremacists in general), anger (at the waste of such a life as Evers') and an occasionally sardonic venom.
↑  "School District of Abington Township, Pennsylvania v. Schempp". Cornell University Law School / Legal Information Institute. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2019-04-18. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2015-02-27. Syllabus: Because of the prohibition of the First Amendment against the enactment by Congress of any law "respecting an establishment of religion," which is made applicable to the States by the Fourteenth Amendment, no state law or school board may require that passages from the Bible be read or that the Lord's Prayer be recited in the public schools of a State at the beginning of each school day -- even if individual students may be excused from attending or participating in such exercises upon written request of their parents.
↑  "God in America - People & Ideas: Madalyn Murray O'Hair". US PBS. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2018-10-06. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2015-02-27. Madalyn Murray O'Hair was an outspoken advocate of atheism and the founder of the organization American Atheists.  In 1960 O'Hair gained notoriety when she sued Baltimore public schools for requiring students to read from the Bible and to recite the Lord's Prayer at school exercises.
↑  Scherman، Rowland (31 يوليو 2009). "Dylan In Pictures: Newport 1963". npr.org. US National Public Radio. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2015-03-18. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2015-02-27. That seminal moment at the 1963 Newport Folk Festival, Dylan went from zero to hero in the course of a weekend.
↑  Ulrich Adelt (2010). Blues Music in the Sixties: A Story in Black and White. Rutgers University Press. ص. 38–. ISBN:978-0-8135-4750-3. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2015-03-19.
↑  Suarez، Ray. "Martin Luther King Jr.'s "I Have a Dream" Remembered". pbs.org. Public Broadcasting Service (US). مؤرشف من الأصل في 2016-03-04. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2014-05-16.
↑  "Test Ban Treaty (1963):On August 5, 1963, the Limited Test Ban Treaty was signed by the United States, Great Britain, and the Soviet Union. After Senate approval, the treaty that went into effect on October 10, 1963, banned nuclear weapons testing in the atmosphere, in outer space, and under water". ourdocuments.gov. The National Archives and Records Administration, et al (US). مؤرشف من الأصل في 2017-08-01. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2014-06-04.
↑  Richard A. Reuss (2000). American Folk Music and Left-wing Politics, 1927-1957. Scarecrow Press. ص. 2–. ISBN:978-0-8108-3684-6. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2020-04-25.
↑  "Harvard Sex Orgies Disclosed by Dean". The Chicago Tribune. UPI. 1 نوفمبر 1963. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2016-04-10. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2015-11-14.
↑  Robert S. McNamara؛ James Blight؛ Robert K. Brigham؛ Thomas J. Biersteker؛ Col. Herbert Schandler (2 November 2007). Argument Without End: In Search of Answers to the Vietnam Tragedy. PublicAffairs. ص. 328–. ISBN:1-58648-621-7. مؤرشف من الأصل في 19 مارس 2015. اطلع عليه بتاريخ أغسطس 2020. {{استشهاد بكتاب}}: تحقق من التاريخ في: |تاريخ الوصول= (مساعدة)
↑  Lane، Mark (1966). Rush to Judgment (ط. Paperback, 1992). New York: Thunder's Mouth Press. ص. 7. ISBN:1-56025-043-7. "نسخة مؤرشفة". مؤرشف من الأصل في 2019-09-10. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2019-10-15.{{استشهاد ويب}}:  صيانة الاستشهاد: BOT: original URL status unknown (link)
↑  Marrs، Jim (1989). "Preface". Crossfire: The Plot That Killed Kennedy (ط. 1st Paperback, 1990). New York: Carroll & Graf. ISBN:0-88184-648-1. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2012-08-29.
↑  Jeanette Leech (2010). Seasons They Change: The Story of Acid and Psychedelic Folk. Jawbone Press. ص. 37–. ISBN:978-1-906002-32-9. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2019-12-16.
↑  Johnson، Lyndon Baines. "Annual Message to the Congress on the State of the Union. January 8, 1964". .presidency.ucsb.edu. Gerhard Peters and John T. Woolley - The American Presidency Project via UCSB. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2018-10-18. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2015-02-12. Let this session of Congress be known as the session which did more for civil rights than the last hundred sessions combined; as the session which enacted the most far-reaching tax cut of our time; as the session which declared all-out war on human poverty and unemployment in these United States; as the session which finally recognized the health needs of all our older citizens; as the session which reformed our tangled transportation and transit policies; as the session which achieved the most effective, efficient foreign aid program ever; and as the session which helped to build more homes, more schools, more libraries, and more hospitals than any single session of Congress in the history of our Republic.
↑  "For LBJ, The War On Poverty Was Personal". npr.org. NPR. 8 يناير 2014. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2019-05-09. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2015-02-12. President Lyndon Johnson stood in the Capitol on Jan. 8, 1964, and, in his first State of the Union address, committed the nation to a war on poverty. "We shall not rest until that war is won," Johnson said. "The richest nation on Earth can afford to win it. We cannot afford to lose it."  It was an effort that had been explored under President Kennedy, but it firmly — and quickly — took shape under Johnson.
↑  Sanburn، Josh (9 مايو 2011). "The 10 Best Bob Dylan Songs: 'The Times They Are A-Changin'". Time, Inc. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2016-11-02. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2015-11-07.
↑  "500 Greatest Songs of All Time: 59 Bob Dylan, 'The Times They Are A-Changin'". Rolling Stone. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2018-06-15. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2015-11-07.
↑  "Historical Highlights: The 24th Amendment". history.house.gov. U.S. House of Representatives (History, Art & Archives). مؤرشف من الأصل في 2019-05-11. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2015-03-01. On this date in 1962, the House passed the 24th Amendment, outlawing the poll tax as a voting requirement in federal elections, by a vote of 295 to 86. At the time, five states maintained poll taxes which disproportionately affected African-American voters: Virginia, Alabama, Mississippi, Arkansas, and Texas. The poll tax exemplified "Jim Crow" laws, developed in the post-Reconstruction South, which aimed to disenfranchise black voters and institute segregation.
↑  "Beatlemania Comes to the United States". rockhall.com. Rock & Roll Hall of Fame. 3 فبراير 2015. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2016-06-24. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2015-03-01. In Britain, "I Want to Hold Your Hand" saw its official release on December 5, 1963, reaching Number One the following week. It held the position for five weeks. Soon thereafter, American DJs began spinning the import single and the immediate, positive response prompted Capitol to not only bump up the release date to December 26, but also increase the press run from 200,000 copies to one million. A media blitz followed, as reporters from the Associated Press, CBS, Life, New York Times and more were assigned to cover the Beatles. "I Want to Hold Your Hand" reached Number One on the Billboard charts on February 1, 1964, and remained on the Billboard Hot 100 for seven weeks.
↑  Barry Miles (2009). The British Invasion. Sterling Publishing Company, Inc. ISBN:978-1-4027-6976-4. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2015-03-19.
↑  "New York School Boycott". crdl.usg.org. Civil Rights Digital Library/Digital Library of Georgia. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2019-04-28. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2017-03-17.
↑  Khan، Yasmeen (3 فبراير 2016). "Demand for School Integration Leads to Massive 1964 Boycott — In New York City". wnyc.org. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2019-05-10. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2017-03-17. After hearing too many "vague promises" from the New York City Board of Education to integrate the schools, civil rights activists in 1964 called for swift action: desegregate the city's schools and improve the inferior conditions of many that enrolled black and Latino students.  To force the issue, they staged a one-day school boycott on Feb. 3, when approximately 460,000 students refused to go to school.
↑  "The Beatles". edsullivan.com. SOFA Entertainment. 2010. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2019-05-11. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2014-06-10.
↑  Harding، Barrie (8 فبراير 1964). "5,000 scream 'welcome' to the Beatles". Daily Mirror. ع. No. 18, 704. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2016-03-05. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2015-12-24. {{استشهاد بخبر}}: |العدد= يحتوي على نص زائد (مساعدة)
↑  Trust، Gary (4 أبريل 2013). "April 4, 1964: The Beatles Control Entire Top Five On Billboard Hot 100". billboard.com. Billboard. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2019-03-29. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2016-08-11. On the Billboard Hot 100 dated April 4, 1964, 49 years ago today, the Beatles made history as the only act ever to occupy the chart's top five positions in a week.  With a 27-1 second-week blast to the top for "Can't Buy Me Love," the Fab Four locked up the chart's entire top five:  No. 1, "Can't Buy Me Love" No. 2, "Twist and Shout" No. 3, "She Loves You" No. 4, "I Want to Hold Your Hand" No. 5, "Please Please Me"
↑  Bronson, p. 145.
↑  The 1964 Cleveland schools' boycott to protest segregation: Black History Month | cleveland.com نسخة محفوظة 06 يناير 2018 على موقع واي باك مشين.
↑  Winner، David (19 مايو 2009). "Robert Jasper Grootveld: Artist and activist who helped found the Dutch Provos in the 1960s". www.independent.co.uk. The Independent. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2019-03-28. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2016-12-03. No single person can be said to have created the worldwide cultural phenomenon we call "the Sixties". But the Dutch anti-smoking "magician" and voodoo showman Robert Jasper Grootveld has a better claim than most. In the early Sixties, his surreal, dadaist "happenings" in Amsterdam electrified the city's bored youth and led to the creation of the playful Provo movement (short for "provocation"). With the charismatic, flamboyantly transvestite Grootveld as a spokesman, Provo was a catalyst for cultural revolution. The group provided free bicycles, subverted a royal wedding and humiliated the stiff-necked Dutch establishment and Amsterdam police force so effectively that both groups – and the country - underwent a near-total personality change. Provo lasted only from 1965 to 1967 but the spirit of what Grootveld dubbed "International Magic Centre Amsterdam" broke old Holland, inspired hippies in San Francisco and musicians and artists in London and paved the way, among other things, for the summer of love, Dutch total football and the green movement.
↑  International Institute of Social History - Grootveld flyers نسخة محفوظة 20 ديسمبر 2016 على موقع واي باك مشين.
↑  Enfield، Robert. "Photographs:Sheraton Palace Demonstration, May 1964". cdlib.org. University of California. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2020-04-25. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2014-05-07.
↑  James J. Farrell (يناير 1997). The Spirit of the Sixties: Making Postwar Radicalism. Psychology Press. ص. 180–. ISBN:978-0-415-91385-0. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2019-12-16.
↑  Peter Bacon Hales (11 أبريل 2014). Outside the Gates of Eden: The Dream of America from Hiroshima to Now. University of Chicago Press. ص. 317–. ISBN:978-0-226-12861-0. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2019-12-16.
↑  Green؛ Nicholas J. Karolides (1 يناير 2009). Encyclopedia of Censorship. Infobase Publishing. ص. 301–. ISBN:978-1-4381-1001-1. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2020-04-25.
↑  "Jacobellis v. Ohio - 378 U.S. 184 (1964)". supreme.justia.com. justia.com. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2018-02-01. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2014-07-09.
↑  "Landmark Legislation: The Civil Rights Act of 1964". senate.gov. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2019-04-16. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2016-08-11.
↑  Krock, p.411
↑  The Beatles (1 سبتمبر 2000). The Beatles Anthology. Chronicle Books. ص. 158–. ISBN:978-0-8118-2684-6. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2019-06-04.
↑  Cusick، Rick (28 أغسطس 2014). "Bob Dylan Smoked Out The Beatles 50 Years Ago Today". hightimes.com. High Times. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2016-10-05. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2016-10-04. Perhaps the mostly influential sesh in history happened on August 28, 1964 when Bob Dylan got The Beatles high at The Delmonico Hotel in New York City. While this was not technically The Moptops first-time toking — they shared a joint in Hamburg but couldn't agree whether or not they got high — they definitely copped a buzz with Dylan in New York.
↑  "Visual History: Free Speech Movement, 1964-Mario Savio addresses the crowd". مؤرشف من الأصل في 2019-05-11. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2015-03-01. Mario Savio addresses the crowd Mario Savio climbs on top of the police car containing Jack Weinberg to address the crowd of demonstrators. Savio demands Weinberg's release and the lifting of University prohibitions against political activity on campus.
↑  Robert Cohen (30 يوليو 2009). Freedom's Orator: Mario Savio and the Radical Legacy of the 1960s. Oxford University Press. ISBN:978-0-19-976634-5. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2019-09-10.
↑  Seth Rosenfeld (21 أغسطس 2012). Subversives: The FBI's War on Student Radicals, and Reagan's Rise to Power. Farrar, Straus and Giroux. ISBN:978-1-4299-6932-1. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2015-03-19.
↑  "The Nobel Peace Prize 1964". nobelprize.org. Nobel Media AB. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2018-04-16. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2015-03-01. He is the first person in the Western world to have shown us that a struggle can be waged without violence. He is the first to make the message of brotherly love a reality in the course of his struggle, and he has brought this message to all men, to all nations and races. Today we pay tribute to Martin Luther King, the man who has never abandoned his faith in the unarmed struggle he is waging, who has suffered for his faith, who has been imprisoned on many occasions, whose home has been subject to bomb attacks, whose life and the lives of his family have been threatened, and who nevertheless has never faltered.
↑  Barry Miles (2009). The British Invasion. Sterling Publishing Company, Inc. ص. 129–. ISBN:978-1-4027-6976-4. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2015-03-19.
↑  "Election of 1964". University of California, Santa Barbara / American Presidency Project. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2018-10-06. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2015-03-01.
↑  Moylan، Brian (22 ديسمبر 2014). "'Offensive' Is the New 'Obscene'". time.com. Time, Inc. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2017-12-21. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2015-03-01. On Dec. 21, 1964, Bruce was sentenced to four months in a workhouse for a set he did in a New York comedy club that included a bit about Eleanor Roosevelt's "nice tits..."
↑  Robert Cohen؛ Reginald E. Zelnik (2002). The Free Speech Movement: Reflections on Berkeley in the 1960s. University of California Press. ص. 534–. ISBN:978-0-520-23354-6. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2019-12-16.
↑  Jackman، Michael (1 ديسمبر 2014). "Mario Savio's 'bodies upon the gears' speech – 50 years later". metrotimes.com. Detroit Metro Times. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2016-11-25. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2015-03-01. It's a short but bold and defiant oration that says free human beings aren't going to be pushed around by anybody, from lawmakers and police to liberals and labor leaders. Standing in front of a crowd of 4,000 people, Savio described his meeting with university officials, who compared the president of the university to the president of a corporation.
↑  Drash، Wayne (28 أبريل 2010). "Malcolm X killer freed after 44 years". CNN. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2018-02-21. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2016-10-04. Malcolm X is best known as the fiery leader of the Nation of Islam who denounced whites as "blue-eyed devils." But at the end of his life, Malcolm X changed his views toward whites and discarded the Nation of Islam's ideology in favor of orthodox Islam. In doing so, he feared for his own life from within the Nation.
↑  W.J. Rorabaugh Professor of History University of Washington (4 مايو 1989). Berkeley at War : The 1960s: The 1960s. Oxford University Press. ص. 134–. ISBN:978-0-19-802252-7. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2019-12-16.
↑  Enfield، Robert. "Photographs:Filthy Speech Rally, Spring, 1965". cdlib.org. University of California. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2019-12-16. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2014-05-07.
↑  Spencer C. Tucker (20 مايو 2011). The Encyclopedia of the Vietnam War: A Political, Social, and Military History [4 volumes]: A Political, Social, and Military History. ABC-CLIO. ص. 775–. ISBN:978-1-85109-961-0. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2019-05-15.
↑  Barry Miles (2009). The British Invasion. Sterling Publishing Company, Inc. ص. 133–. ISBN:978-1-4027-6976-4. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2019-09-10.
↑  "The Yardbirds Announce New Lineup – Including Pre-Eric Clapton Guitarist Top Topham – and 2015 Tour Dates". guitarworld.com. NewBay Media. 10 فبراير 2015. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2015-09-30. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2015-11-13.
↑  Raasch، Chuck (16 مايو 2014). "Never trust anyone over 30? A second thought". stltoday.com. St. Louis Post-Dispatch. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2018-11-27. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2014-05-26.
↑  Matthew Greenwald (30 أبريل 2002). Go Where You Wanna Go: The Oral History of The Mamas and The Papas. Cooper Square Press. ص. 212–. ISBN:978-1-4616-2290-1. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2020-04-26.