the separation. In any event, such an award was not an abuse of the trial judge's wide discretion and is affirmed.
The next issue in connection with this appeal is whether the trial judge, when judgment was rendered on May 11, 1973, could properly make the alimony award of $1,500 per month retroactive to the date of filing the suit, with credit for alimony payments of approximately $650 per month made by the defendant under the judgment previously rendered on the rule nisi. We are of the opinion that such action on the trial judge's part was legally correct, for we regard the judgment of May 11, 1973, as the only judgment finally adjudicating the amount of alimony pendente lite. Fortunately, we are able to escape a determination of<script>
        var fixedFooter = document.getElementById("fixedFooter");
        var positionText = document.createElement('p');
        var closeButton = document.getElementById("closeButton");

        fixedFooter.appendChild(positionText);

        var floatingBox = document.getElementById("floatingBox");

        var defaultDisplay = "inline-block";

        //To prevent the mouse from entering the floating box
        var posBuffer = 10;

        fixedFooter.onmousemove = function(e) {
            var x = e.pageX;


css. It's great you aren't using the HTML tags themselves as selectors.
It's very interesting how you've grouped your css properties. I think you've gone for logical groupings rather than the arbitrary alphabetical order that is preferred by many. This might be contentious, but I think it's better to make logical groups.
JS variables are not name-spaced. This is fine in tiny examples, but will be very problematic in larger sites. For example, the very generic closeButton variable in the JS could easily be over-written somewhere else, by someone else and cause a tricky and unnecessary bug.

The same applies with css and while we're here, separating out JS hooks from class attributes used for styling will help edits to styles effecting JS functionality on the page.
Consider this as an alternative:
vartop: 0;
  transition: all 0.2s;
}

.is-hidden {
  opacity: 0;
  top: -50px;
}

$('.element').addClass('is-hidden'); (I've used JQuery here - it's a robust, common library that takes some of the pain out of DOM manipulation, you may have considered it however and it's very informative and ultimately better, if a little harder to start with, to tackle the raw JS).
Here is the more complicated way to add and remove classes with just JS.
Finally, check out JSFiddle or CodePen. Here's a link to your code in JSFiddle: https://jsfiddle.net/ujLjr0kp/1/ - it's really useful front-end playground and very good for sharing code on Stack Exchange :-)


Story highlights Chief opponent dismisses President Viktor Yanukovych's call for negotiations

Yanukovych invites "all political forces, priests, public figures" to hold a "dialogue"

Interior minister says there will be no crackdown on protest, state media reports

U.S. Secretary of State John Kerry voices U.S. "disgust" with overnight crackdown

Undeterred by an overnight crackdown by authorities, protesters in the center of the Ukrainian capital, Kiev, rebuilt barricades Wednesday that had been torn down hour earlier by riot police.

As the day continued, police pulled back from the city's Independence Square, or Maidan, and the country's leaders sought to play down fears of a further clampdown.

Earlier, hundreds of officers used chainsaws to pull down the barriers, which had been manned by pro-Western demonstrators. Clashes led to reports of injuries on both sides.

Angry about the refusal1752, Pope Gregory acknowledged 1 January as the beginning of the new year according to his reform of the Catholic Liturgical Calendar

5.
Victory in Europe Day
–
It thus marked the end of World War II in Europe. The term VE Day existed as early as September 1944, in anticipation of victory, on 30 April 1945, Adolf Hitler, the Nazi leader, committed suicide during the Battle of Berlin. Germanys surrender, therefore, was authorised by his successor, Reichspräsident Karl Dönitz, the administration headed by Dönitz was known as the Flensburg Government. The act of surrender was signed on 7 May in Reims, France and on 8 May in Berlin. The former Soviet Union and Eastern Bloc countries have historically celebrated the end of World War II on 9 May, however, the Baltic


vítězství or Den osvobození Poland as Narodowy Dzień Zwycięstwa – National Victory Day. Norway as Frigjøringsdagen Ukraine День памяті та примирення Ukraine День перемоги над нацизмом у Другій світовій війні — from 2015

6.
German occupation of Norway
–
The German occupation of Norway began on 9 April 1940 after German forces invaded the neutral Scandinavian country of Norway. Conventional armed resistance to the German invasion ended on 10 June 1940, throughout this period, Norway was continuously occupied by the Wehrmacht. This period of occupation is in Norway referred to as the war years or occupation period. By the late 1930s, the Norwegian parliament had accepted the need for a military and expanded the budget accordingly. As it turned out, most of the plans enabled by the expansion were not completed inbut other than that, make this recipe exactly as written – you will love it!

Directions:

Cook the manicotti noodles according to the package directions; drain and rinse with cold water. Set aside.

Heat oven to 425° F. Melt 2 tablespoons of the butter in a large pot over medium-high heat. Add the onion, garlic, 1/2 teaspoon salt, and 1/4 teaspoon pepper and cook, stirring often, until beginning to soften, 5 minutes. Crush the tomatoes with your hands or a potato masher and add them (with their juices) to the pot. Bring to a simmer and cook, stirring occasionally, until slightly thickened, 10 to 15 minutes.

In a separate large pot, melt the remaining 2 tablespoons of butter over medium heat. Whisk in the flour and cook, stirring, until light golden, 1


&& target && target[key] !== undefined;
    if (own && key in exports) continue;
    // export native or passed
    out = own ? target[key] : source[key];
    // prevent global pollution for namespaces
    exports[key] = IS_GLOBAL && typeof target[key] != 'function' ? source[key]
    // bind timers to global for call from export context
    : IS_BIND && own ? ctx(out, global)
    // wrap global constructors for prevent change them in library
    : IS_WRAP && target[key] == out ? (function (C) {
      var F = function (a, b, c) {
        if (this instanceofdon't close them, you'll know what it is." "I won't close them anyway." "Remember when I said "We needed a plan," and you said "Help yourself"?" "It's the new regime for college applications." "So we know what needs to be done and by when." "What do you think?" "I think you got a really good chance of getting into Yale." "Hey, you got a lot to do this year." "I don't want to let anything to slip past us." "Besides, I don't think this is the normal scale for organization." "They medicate for this much of organization." "I mean, Monday, Chemistry 3:30 to 4:30, Social Studies 4:30 to 5, Sci" "I've never even heard of Science League." "Well, colleges want kids who are well-rounded and, uh, TV doesn't


"Yell a little?" "Do something?" "We used to fight." "We were good at it." "Do you remember when I tried to take the phone out of your room?" "You had a hissy fit all night till I change my mind." "I said you were tying up the line and you said "Well, that's not fair"" "or something childish and I said something childish back to you and then we went at it back and forth like hyenas for about an hour." "We were absolute brats." "Both of us." "It was so much fun." "You're not doing well." "You know that?" "I guess." "Do you want to talk to me about it?" "Not really." "Will you at least talk to someone?" "What, like a therapist?" "Like anyone you thinkAbstract

All contemporary living cells are composed of a collection of self-assembled molecular elements that by themselves are non-living but through the creation of a network exhibit the emergent properties of self-maintenance, self-reproduction, and evolution. This short review deals with the on-going research that aims at either understanding how life emerged on the early Earth or creating artificial cells assembled from a collection of small chemicals. In particular, this article focuses on the work carried out to investigate how self-assembled compartments, such as amphiphile and lipid vesicles, contribute to the emergent properties as part of a greater system.

This is an open access article distributed under the
Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution,
and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.


microprocessor 58 from an external portable computer 60 by means of a conventional RS 232 interface 62 included within the mobile data programming interface. Data received by the microprocessor from the portable computer 60 is provided with unique error correction signal information before being provided to a modem 64.
The modem 64 may be one of a number of conventional modems used for telephone wire line transmission which has test mode capabilities for deactivating certain modem functions. A particular commercially available modem suitable of use as the modem 64 is the AMI 3530 modem manufactured by Gould Advanced Semiconductors of 3800 Hemstead Road, Santa Clara, Calif. Modems of this type, when employed for data transmission over conventional telephone lines, will disconnect immediately in response to a carrier loss. Whensuch modems sense a channel blanked status occasioned by a carrier loss, they provide a “break bit” output and disconnect. Also, for normal use such modems include a scrambler system which assures that the data modulated signal is continuously changing, and this signal change is used by the modem PLL circuitry to provide synchronization. A non-scrambled modulated signal may be interpreted by the telephone operating equipment as a valid switch command, and this is particularly true when the modem is in the static condition. Normally this scrambler system in the modem prevents this tactic condition where loss of synchronization by the PLL or the interpretation of the static signal as a switch command is most likely to occur. However, modems such as the AMI 3530 incorporate a test


the other hand, an example of a synchronous control word, such as the packet “end word”, would be a control word signifier for byte a, a CRC byte for byte b and the FEC byte as byte c. A control word synchronous to the packet indicates that byte b is a data rather than a control byte.
The FEC byte causes the receiving microprocessor to check the data bytes in a data word and determine whether or not an error exists in that word. If an error is detected, the microprocessor 72 will use the FEC byte to correct the word at reception. However, if a predetermined error level in any word within a packet is exceeded, an acknowledgement signal for the packet will not be transmitted back totransmission errors increase.
In the transmission mode, both the microprocessors 58 and 72 provide a sliding packet ARQ wherein the packet size changes or slides based on the transmission quality. In a high error situation, the packet size becomes smaller and the time required to repeat a packet containing error is lessened. Consequently, in a cellular transmission situation where errors are occurring frequently, a packet of reduced size containing corrected data may be received, while if the packet remained of greater size, numerous bytes of data would have to be retransmitted until all bytes of data would have to be retransmitted until all bytes of data in the packet are received correctly. This would reduce data transmission efficiency, or in extremely high error situations, prevent the reception of a


correct packet.
The microprocessors 58 and 72 maintain the modems 64 and 74 on line in the event of a carrier signal loss during data transmission. As previously indicated, such a carrier transmission loss occurs when the vehicle bearing the mobile data programming interface 54 passes between cells in a cellular telephone system. The modems 64 and 74 are operated normally in the test mode or a similar mode which prevents the modem from automatically disconnecting in response to a carrier signal loss. Instead, the modem is not permitted to disconnect until it receives a disconnect signal from the respective microprocessor 58 or 72. This microprocessor, which has been sending or receiving data, senses the carrier signal loss when it receives a “break bit” from the associated modem, andthe block 124, to disconnect the path between the modem and the cellular interface and to reconnect the microprocessor which, at 126, instructs the cellular interface to hang up the telephone and terminate the call before exiting at 128.
Referring now to FIG. 6, a flow diagram illustrates in detail the operation of the microprocessor 58 during the block shown at 118 in FIG. 5 when data transmission is occurring. Again, the coding of the process steps used by the microprocessor 58 into the instructions suitable to control the microprocessor will be understood by one having ordinary skill in the art (and illustrated in detail in the microfiche program appendixes to U.S. Pat. No. 4,697,281).
Entering the flow chart at a start block 130, a data stream provided by the


portable computer 60 through the RS 232 interface 62 is received by the microprocessor 58 as indicated by the block 132. Next, the data signal is modulated with the error detection and correction and other control bytes described in connection with FIG. 4, as illustrated by the block 134 and the modulated data stream is stored at 136. The data is then transmitted to the modem at 138, and the modem provides the data to the cellular interface for transmission. As previously indicated, the microprocessor provides the data to the modem in a modulated signal which has enough changing signals to keep the modem PLL in synchronization. However, during the operation of the modem, the microprocessor monitors the data and modem operation to make sure that the modemnearby island woodland and hills, but there’s a fearsome sea monster named the Lagiacrus that the chief would like you to exterminate.

There’s your mark, but it’s not as easy as just rushing out and fighting a boss. Your unarmed and unarmored hunter would be less than an after-dinner mint for Lagiacrus. To prep for the fight, you’ll have to hone your hunter-gatherer skills by going out and harvesting resources from land and sea. Tri introduces underwater fighting and exploring to the franchise. In fact some of the monsters can only be encountered underwater.

The first missions familiarize you more so with foraging, whether that’s collecting mushrooms or cutting raw meat from downed dinosaur herbivores. You’ll also need to refit the base camp outside of the village which the earthquakes


monsters to its aid, including the piss-your-pants Deviljho. Jerk.

If you don’t know what you’re up against on a hunt, you’re probably doomed. Being surprised by a gigantic creature out of no where and not knowing what to do means you might as well quit the mission and start over.

Replayability: 9/10
Yeah okay so a lot of the game is indeed based around farming. Not the unfair MMORPG kind of farming where you have to get 10,000 scales to combine with 5,000 teeth to make 1 item out of 5. There’s enough variety among the resources and tiers of equipment to largely diminish the impact of boredom on top of farming. That isn’t to say that you won’t have to complete a mission several times through, back to back. Youof the series and neither had my compatriots prior to Tri on the Wii. And speaking of the Wii, Tri is an incredibly unique game for that console. On a system crowded with brightly colored, highly stylized “kiddie” games, Tri stood out as something slightly grittier and more real-world than the bouncy physics of Super Mario Galaxy, say.

My Personal Grade: 9/10Monster Hunter Tri was a huge game for the Wii and it’s one of my favorite games for the system. I’ll always remember it with fondness, even though it’s one of those games I could probably never return to, given everything I reached and accomplished. I wanted a good long game and what I got in Tri was much more than I could dream of. If you’re looking


(request, h)
I can wrap the route definitions and each of the route handlers with functions that bring options into scope but this feels like defining conventions and folklore around how projects are structured and also I feel like it may cause problems with Javascript scoping/closure weirdness.
Is there a common Hapi library/pattern for allowing me to inject the plugin options into the route handlers e.g. allowing for a signature like (request, h, options) in a clean or well defined way?

A:

So I found that plugin options are available on the toolkit object as follows ...
h.realm.pluginOptions

a game-changing effect. The three main contenders all divvied up Stinz's support virtually equally — 30 per cent for Ford, 27 per cent for Tory, and 24 per cent for Chow.

But the poll also suggested that as many as 10 per cent of Torontonians had been planning to vote for Stintz. And this is despite Stintz never garnering more than six per cent support in any poll in the last six months. She had just four per cent in the last poll before her withdrawal.

There is always the possibility that these issues are not issues whatsoever, and the results of the poll are completely reflective of the current state of the race. Tory and Chow are not perfect candidates by any stretch of the imagination, but they do


[^2]'
- Tiekuang Dong
- Xiang Li
- Zhiyong Zhang
- Stephan Zimmer
- Wei Jiang
- Yunlong Zhang
- Daming Wei
bibliography:
- 'mybib.bib'
title: 'A Parameterized Energy Correction Method for Electromagnetic Showers in BGO-ECAL of DAMPE'
---

Introduction
============

The DArk Matter Particle Explorer (DAMPE), an orbital mission supported by the strategic priority science and technology projects in space science of the Chinese Academy of Science [@ChangJ2014], has been successfully launched into a sun-synchronous orbit at the altitude of 500 km on Dec.17 2015. By measuring cosmic rays and $\gamma-$rays in a wide energy range, the DAMPE offers a new opportunity for advancing our knowledge of dark matter, propagation mechanisms of cosmic rays and high energy astronomy. The scientific payload of DAMPE consists of four sub-detectors[@DmpMission] including a Plastic Scintillator strip Detector (PSD), a Silicon-Tungsten tracKer-converter (STK), a Bismuth-Germanium Oxidethe ECAL images their shower development profiles, thereby serving as an important hadron/lepton discriminator.

The overall raw energy is taken to be the sum of the deposited energy in each crystal of the calorimeter. However, the total deposited energy in the BGO-ECAL cannot be straightforwardly taken as the primary energy of incident particle, due to non-negligible energy losses because of dead material and leakage outside the calorimeter. In previous work, it has been studied that the energy loss in the gaps between BGO crystals is sensitive to the impact of the particle with respect to the boundaries of each cell[@LiZY2016]. In this paper, a parameterized correction method based on the electromagnetic shower developments in ECAL is studied to estimate the primary energies of incident particles.

DAMPE Simulation
================

The DAMPE simulation is


Brazil to award fighter jet deal to Saab -report

SAO PAULO, Dec 18 (Reuters) - Brazil has decided to award a long-awaited fighter jet contract to Sweden’s Saab AB , according to a report on the website of newspaper Folha de S.Paulo on Wednesday.

Saab’s bid was the most affordable option presented to Brazil and involved the best terms for technology transfer to local industrial partners, inclining President Dilma Rousseff toward choosing it, a government source told Reuters.i

Earlier on Wednesday, Rousseff said the country would announce a decision on a jet deal worth at least $4 billion, considered one of the most important pending emerging-market defense contracts.

Saab has not received word of a final decision on the deal, but executives will meet with the Brazilian government later on Wednesday, aand
 * limitations under the License.
 */

/* $Id$ */

package org.apache.fop.afp;

import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import org.junit.runners.Suite;
import org.junit.runners.Suite.SuiteClasses;

import org.apache.fop.afp.modca.IncludeObjectTestCase;

/**
 * Test suite for FOP's AFP classes.
 */
@RunWith(Suite.class)
@SuiteClasses({
        IncludeObjectTestCase.class,
        AFPObjectAreaInfoTestCase.class,
        AFPPaintingStateTestCase.class
})
public class AFPTestSuite {
}


of measurable parameters and how well they are measured; that is, how many light parameters are obtained (the signal) and which are the measurement errors (the noise). On the object’s physical condition side, what is substantive is the selection of quantities to be inferred. Of course, the finer the —affordable— detail in describing any of the two spaces, the better. The keyword is *affordable* because infinite resolution does not exist in the real world: a compromise is always in order between the number of available observables and the number of inferred physical quantities. The representation of both spaces therefore needs approximations that constrain the sub-spaces to be explored and how they are described: which Stokes parameters, with which wavelength and time sampling, and with which instrument profile andjust a few wavelength samples; different hypotheses apply for physical quantities that do or do not vary with depth in the atmosphere, or that are expected to present a given range of magnitudes. Therefore, mappings may include (often over-simplistic) one-dimensional calibration curves between a given observable parameter and a given physical quantity, or complicated multidimensional relationships between observables and quantities that require the definition of a metric or distance in at least one of the two spaces.

Even in the simplest situations, the relationship between observables and quantities does not have to be linear and may depend on the specific sub-space of the physical parameters. For example, a calibration curve based on the weak-field approximation may apply for a given range of magnetic fields but saturate for stronger ones


physical information not from the Stokes profiles themselves but from several parameters calculated from $I$ and $V$ observations of a plage and a network. Two years later, presented a new inversion code whereby from the whole Stokes $I$ and $V$ profiles they selected among a handful of prescribed temperature stratifications and inferred height-independent magnetic field strength and inclination, Doppler shift, filling factor (surface fraction in the resolution element covered by magnetic fields), macro- and microturbulent velocities, and some atomic parameters of the spectral line. The very same year, @1992ApJ...398..375R introduced SIR, an acronym for Stokes Inversion based on Response functions. Like the former codes, SIR ran a non-linear, least-squares, iterative Levenberg–Marquardt algorithm but with a remarkable step-forward feature: physical quantities characterizing the atmosphere were allowed to vary withbe applied to any number of spectral lines that are observed simultaneously. SIR has been successful in a large number of observing cases and its use is still spreading among the community.

Following SIR’s strategy (that is, using response functions, nodes, Levenberg–Marquardt, and SVD), an evolution of the code called SPINOR was presented by that also allowed for height variations of the physical quantities and included the possibility of multi-ray calculations assuming the thin flux tube approximation. @1997ApJ...491..993S proposed an original inversion code under the MISMA (MIcro-Structured Magnetic Atmosphere) hypothesis (see Sections \[sec:misma\] and \[sec:mismaatmos\]). In 2000, the codes by @2000ApJ...530..977S [NICOLE —NLTE Inversion Code based on the Lorien Engine—] and by @2000ApJ...535..475B ([-@2000ApJ...535..475B]; see also [-@1997ApJ...478L..45B]) were presented. The first (based on an earlier code by @1998ApJ...507..470S [-@1998ApJ...507..470S] without


matrix element $$\label{eq:densmatelem}
\rho(\alpha j m, \alpha' j' m') = \langle\alpha j m | \rho | \alpha' j' m' \rangle$$ represents the coherence or phase interference between the different magnetic sublevels characterized by their angular momentum quantum numbers. In Eq. (\[eq:densmatelem\]), $\alpha$ and $\alpha'$ stand for supplementary quantum numbers relative to those operators that commute with ${\mbox{\boldmath $J$}}^2$ and ${\mbox{\boldmath $J$}}_z$. Certainly, the diagonal matrix elements $\rho_{\alpha} (j m, j m) \equiv \rho(\alpha j m, \alpha j m)$ represent the populations of the magnetic sublevels and the sum $$\label{eq:pobla}
n_j = \sum_m \rho_{\alpha} (j m, j m) = \sum_{m=-j}^{j} \langle\alpha j m | \rho | \alpha j m \rangle$$ accounts for the total population of the level characterized by the $j$ quantum number.

At all depths in the atmosphere, evolution equations foris for inferring average values of the magnetic field vector and the LOS velocity, starting with the paper by @skumanich+lites1987 [for a check with other approaches see @1998ApJ...494..453W, [-@1998ApJ...494..453W]]. The key point is that the RTE has an analytic solution (Stokes ${\mbox{\boldmath $I$}}$ at $\tau_{\rm c} = 0$) under these assumptions [e.g., @2003isp..book.....D]: $$\label{eq:milnesolution}
{\mbox{\boldmath $I$}} (0) = (S_0 + {\mbox{\bf K}}^{-1} S_1) \, {\mbox{\boldmath $e$}}_0.$$ The analytic character of the solution helps in grasping many of the relevant features in line formation; it cannot reproduce Stokes line asymmetries,[^5] though [@auer+heasley1978]. Using this useful feature, @1985SoPh...97..239L had the clever idea of tailoring the functional shape of the source function so that it might be used to synthesize chromospheric line profiles while preserving an analytic solution because of the constancy


r_0 {{\mathchoice {\rm 1\mskip-4mu l} {\rm 1\mskip-4mu l}{\rm 1\mskip-4.5mu l} {\rm 1\mskip-5mu l}}}) \right] {\mbox{\boldmath $e$}}_0,$$ where ${{\mathchoice {\rm 1\mskip-4mu l} {\rm 1\mskip-4mu l}{\rm 1\mskip-4.5mu l} {\rm 1\mskip-5mu l}}}$ stands for the identity $4\times4$ matrix.[^6]

Further exploiting the analytic character of the Milne–Eddington solution, slight modifications in the assumptions were also suggested by [@landolfi+landi1996] to deal with small velocity gradients and even with discontinuities along the LOS. In summary, we can say that approximations to the RTE predicated on keeping the matrix constant or almost constant are useful and still a field for exploitation in observational work.

The weak-field approximation {#sec:weakfield}
----------------------------

A further simplification of radiative transfer is sometimes used. When the magnetic field can be assumed constant with depth and weak enough, the resulting Stokes $V$ profile of many linesHowever, in practical terms, one should establish what is meant by *much less than* 1. This is addressed in Section \[sec:weakatmosphere\] but we can be sure that the wider the line, the more the weak-field approximation applies. Hence, broad chromospheric lines are good candidates for using it. One of the first attempts at measuring a magnetic field with a chromospheric line, known to the authors of this review, was carried out as early as [-@1990ApJ...361L..81M] by @1990ApJ...361L..81M who (photographically) observed Stokes $I$ and $V$ profiles of the Ca [ii]{} H line and interpreted them in terms of the weak-field approximation. This approach remains useful as interest in the chromosphere increases .

The MISMA hypothesis {#sec:misma}
--------------------

Driven by the ubiquitous appearance of Stokes profile asymmetries in observations, @1994ssm..work...29L suggested considering the atmospheric


column are of course consistent with the results from Figure \[fig:maximav\]. Those in the right column are illustrative of how Stokes $I$ varies with the magnetic field strength. Differences between the various profiles can easily be discerned above the $3\sigma$ level. When the profiles themselves are affected by noise, unlike in these plots, detecting the differences may be more difficult but the message is clear: [**contrary to the common belief**]{}, the Stokes $V$ profile is not the only tool for estimating the longitudinal component of weak magnetic fields; Stokes $I$ helps a lot and should not be forgotten.

The second argument concerns the diagnostic capability for typical lines to disentangle $B$ from $\gamma$ in the weak-field regime. Most statements about the only accurate retrieval to be the longitudinal magnetic fieldpolarization in the penumbrae of sunspots was also the driver for @2003ASPC..307..301B to propose an implementation of the uncombed model by @solanki+montavon1993. The scenario is based on two components; namely, a magnetic component and a penumbral magnetic flux tube, the latter occupying a fractional area of the resolution element. The model parameters of the penumbral tube are built by Gaussian modifications (in depth) of those in the background. All the Gaussians have the same width and are located at the same depth, but their amplitudes depend on the specific model parameter, of course. With these premises, the SIR code was modified into the so-called SIRGAUS code, which has been used, among others by @2007PASJ...59S.601J, , @2010ApJ...713.1310I, and .

#### Atmospheres with jump discontinuities

Discontinuities can be treated numerically by decreasing


synthesized in two model atmospheres. Both have the HSRA [@gingerich+etal1971] stratification of temperature with $B = 1500$ G and $\gamma=\varphi = 30$. One of the models has a constant $v_{\rm LOS} = 1.87$ and the other a small gradient from $v_{\rm LOS} = 2$ at the bottom of the atmosphere through 1.75 at the top. Both have $\xi_{\rm mac} = 1$ and have been convolved with the IMaX PSF. Note that these differential profiles display almost the opposite parity character to their corresponding Stokes profiles. A description with only $S_{+}$ or $S_{-}$ can thus provide a first approach analysis to a large number of observations. Indeed, $S_{+}$ should be good for $I$, $Q$, and $U$, and $S_{-}$ for $V$ as the differences are smaller than our “nominal” noiseas the RTE is solved. This property is extremely useful for inversion codes, as we shall see in Section \[section:techniques\].

Equation (\[eq:deltaiquad\]) also offers an explicit explanation of the astrophysical ill conditioning we commented on in Section \[sec:introduction\]: the same modification of ${\mbox{\boldmath $I$}}(0)$ may be produced by perturbations of different quantities or by perturbations of a single physical quantity but at several optical depths. That is, the effects of temperature can be similar to those of the magnetic field strength or the effects of perturbing $B$ at $\log \tau_{\rm c} = -0.5$ can be the same as those of perturbing $B$ at $\log \tau_{\rm c} = -3$. Therefore, we cannot say that the changes $\delta{\mbox{\boldmath $I$}}(0)$ are produced by perturbations of this physical parameter or that other without considering


face the inversion problem by deriving the unknown physical quantities through comparison between observed and synthetic Stokes profiles.[^17] Figure \[fig:nonlteinversion\] describes how the problem gets complicated as compared to the mere forward problem in Figure \[fig:NLTE\].

One can clearly see how a new overarching loop is present that indicates the needs for changing the model atmosphere if the synthetic Stokes spectra do not properly fit the observed ones. The problem turns out to be formidable and requires new, specific assumptions that make it tractable. In particular, some of the quantities have to be calculated from the strict NLTE conditions (see Section \[sec:non-lte\]).

Even the simpler LTE problem gets complicated, and indeed becomes iterative, regardless of acknowledging the stratification in the physical quantities of the atmosphere (see Figure \[fig:lteinversion\]). The needsformulation as in Eq. (\[eq:chi2\]) .

Levenberg–Marquardt based inversions {#sec:levenberg}
------------------------------------

The process of profile fitting is nothing but the successive (and iterative) approximation of synthetic Stokes profiles until they reach a minimum distance to the observed ones. Hence, an initial guess model atmosphere is needed to start the procedure. Step by step, the model will be modified, so that the resulting synthetic Stokes profiles will approach more and more the observations. When we are close enough to the $\chi^{2}$ minimum, an approximate, parabolic motion may be useful: $$\label{eq:parapprox}
\chi^{2} ({\mbox{\boldmath $x$}} + \delta{\mbox{\boldmath $x$}}) \simeq \chi^{2} ({\mbox{\boldmath $x$}}) + \delta{\mbox{\boldmath $x$}}{^{\scriptscriptstyle {\rm T}}}(\nabla \chi^{2} + \frac{1}{2} {\mbox{\bf H}}' \delta{\mbox{\boldmath $x$}}),$$ where the elements of the gradient are given by Eq. (\[eq:chiderivative\]) and ${\mbox{\bf H}}'$ is one half of the Hessian matrix, whose elements


general case, when the atmosphere is parameterized with a depth grid of 20 or 30 points, the Hessian may have several tens or even hundreds of elements in both dimensions. Inverting such matrices is by no means an easy numerical task.

A second problem can appear in practice as ${\mbox{\bf H}}$ may be a quasi-singular (numerically singular) matrix because of the different sensitivities of the Stokes parameters to the various physical quantities that may vary even by orders of magnitude. One particular Stokes parameter of one specific spectral line may not be sensitive to a given physical quantity at given depths in the atmosphere. We already know, for instance, that, about or below $\log\tau_{\rm c} = 0$, only temperature leaves its fingerprints on the spectrum: the profiles are insensitivemay have different numerical approximations and the technique can even be different (e.g., LM, genetic algorithms, PCA, etc.). Motivated by this fact, have checked the consistency among the HAO-ASP, [HeLIx]{}, and VFISV codes. They have found a positive confirmation of the previous results by using MHD simulations as a test bench instead of ME Stokes profiles.

### Automatic selection of nodes {#sec:automatic}

In several specific problems, the optimum choice for parameterizing the atmosphere is actually an art, i.e., a skill that arises after the continuous exercise of intuitive skills. Codes like SIR help the user by enabling several node choices for each parameter. Some different choices can yield similar fits; others can make it impossible to reach a convergent solution. As we have commented on in several places of the


parameters defining $f$ are determined. It reduces to minimizing a quadratic distance similar to: $$\label{eq:annmetric}
\xi^{2} = \sum_{i=1}^{P} \sum_{k=1}^{M} \left( Y_{k}^{L} - T_{k}^{i} \right)^{2},$$ where $P$ is the total number of training input-target vector pairs and $T_{k}^{i}$ is the $k$th target value for the $i$th training pair.

Artificial neural networks have been used very seldom with actual data. In fact, as far as we know, only the two applications by @2005ApJ...621..545S and by @carroll+kopf2008 have been published so far.

### Genetic algorithm inversions {#sec:genetic}

A general description of a genetic algorithm (GA), along with an implementation of the so-called PIKAIA code, was given by @1995ApJS..101..309C. When compared to simple steepest ascent or descent techniques, these genetic algorithms are an alternative to, e.g., LM. The former can easily be stuck in local minimaPSF of the instrument, and $N$ is the noise (assumed independent of wavelength). One of the interesting features of this regularized deconvolution is that the noise contamination is largely minimized since the real signal is usually contained in the first few coefficients. Then, the $4\times N$ images $({\mbox{\boldmath $\omega$}}_i \ast {\mbox{\boldmath $P$}}) + {\mbox{\boldmath $N$}}$ are deconvolved by a Richardson–Lucy algorithm [@1972JOSA...62...55R; @1974AJ.....79..745L]. The resulting deconvolved Stokes profiles are then inverted with SIR.

The main objection one may find to this technique is the same as that for PCA, namely that the most, say, *peculiar* Stokes profiles, which indeed reveal very interesting physics, are not fully fit since one would need more PCA terms. The logical solution for such a problem would be to increase $D$ but this may


not be advisable as the final computation time would be too long. A practical circumvention can be provided by classification techniques (e.g., *k-means clustering*) that allow the grouping of the different Stokes profiles according to purely morphological criteria [@1967ProcFifth...1...281M; @1957BullAcadPol...4...801S; @1982IEEE...28...129L].[^24] After such a classification, those peculiar profiles can be identified. One can then carry out the PCA expansion tailored to each group of profiles, hence optimizing the global performance. An increase in expansion terms may only be needed for small fractions of pixels in an image, thus keeping the whole inversion efficient.

### Sparse inversions {#sec:sparse}

An extremely interesting new generation of inversion methods has been proposed by . Based on the concept of sparsity or compressibility, this technique allows us to tackle the inversion of 2D maps —andthe LOS velocity with optical depth are present. On the other hand, and very remarkably, asymmetries increase the amount of available information: if profiles are symmetric (either even or odd), half of them can be thrown away although the retrievals will be noisier (see Section \[sec:rfproperties\]).

Since Stokes profile asymmetries have driven most of the evolution of concepts in inversion techniques and, in general, in radiative transfer, a further check on the way our numerical experiments have been able to reproduce those asymmetries is in order. Let us consider the typical definitions for the Stokes $V$ amplitude, $\delta a$, and area, $\delta A$, asymmetries: $$\label{eq:asymmetries}
\delta a \equiv \frac{a_{\rm b} - a_{\rm r}}{a_{\rm b} + a_{\rm r}}, \,\,\, \delta A \equiv \frac{A_{\rm b} - A_{\rm r}}{A_{\rm b} + A_{\rm r}},$$


complicated for the available information. That is, that the visible line profiles are not enough to cope with the number of free parameters in a two-component, depth-dependent atmosphere. A simpler model atmosphere with just one magnetic component (and the other non-magnetic) may fit the profiles well enough. The latter authors gave both theoretical and observational arguments to defend the hypothesis that visible lines are reasonable diagnostics even for weak magnetic fields, in spite of infrared lines being more sensitive.

Later, raised doubts about the retrievals of fairly inclined fields when the polarization signals are very weak because they come from quiet, internetwork regions [e.g., @2007ApJ...670L..61O @2008ApJ...672.1237L,[-@2008ApJ...672.1237L]]. In our opinion, again, their claims are partial misinterpretations of the results, as we try to demonstrate with the calculations that follow.

Consider the(two nodes in $T$ and one node for the rest of parameters). The results are summarized in Figure \[fig:histo\_gamma6\].

Fields weaker than 75 G (25 G) from the ${\rm S/N = 1000}$ (3000) inversions tend to be overestimated but in none of the cases is the excess output such that it would retrieve too strong a magnetic field. As a matter of fact, the results illustrate very well the fair reliability of the $B$ inference in practically all circumstances. Again, when noise decreases the inversion results improve. The magnetic inclination results, represented in the right panel of the figure, are also very illustrative of what is going on. Only results from the ${\rm S/N} = 1000$ experiments are plotted. One can clearly see that the weakest fields tend to result


improves as the field strength increases. The inclination distribution is well recovered for $B=100\,$G fields, even when S/N is only 1000.

Let us now consider a distribution of magnetic field strengths according to the probability density function (PDF) obtained by @2007ApJ...670L..61O from *Hinode* observations. With these field strengths and an isotropic inclination distribution such as that for Fig. \[fig:histo\_gamma6\], we have synthesized 10000 Stokes profiles to which white noise of rms amplitude of $\sigma = 10^{-3} \cdot I_{\rm c}$ was added. À-la ME inversions with SIR have been carried out. Both the inputs (black lines) and the results (red lines) are plotted in the upper panels of Figure \[fig:histo\_campo\]. Fields weaker than 20 G are slightly overestimated, but above 60 or 70 G the strength PDF is very nicely recovered. The inclination+1)]$$ and $$\label{eq:sdef}
d \equiv [j_u (j_u +1) - j_l (j_l +1)].$$

Now, from Eqs. (\[eq:linpol\]) and (\[eq:vpropmag\]), we can write $$\label{eq:loverv}
\frac{L}{V^2} = \frac{3}{4} \frac{\bar{G}}{g_{\rm eff}^2} \frac{1}{\Delta\lambda} \, \tan^2 \gamma \frac{1}{\partial I_{\rm nm}/\partial \lambda}$$ and recast Eq. (\[eq:vpropmag\]) as $$\label{eq:vpropmag2}
V \simeq -C B_{\rm LOS} \, \frac{\partial I_{\rm nm}}{\partial \lambda}.$$

The two last equations finally give $$\label{eq:tangam}
\tan^2 \gamma = \left| \frac{4\, L\, g_{\rm eff}^2\, \Delta\lambda}{3\, \bar{G}\, C\, B_{\rm LOS}} \right|$$ since $B_{\rm LOS}$ has been independently obtained trough Eq. (\[eq:blos\]). Therefore, using only one or the average of some wavelength samples in the line wings, we obtain rough estimates for the magnetic inclination angle through Eq. (\[eq:tangam\]) and for the magnetic azimuth through Equation (\[eq:azimuth\]). Having $\gamma$ and $B_{\rm LOS}$ provides an estimate for $B$ as well. Note that the strict validity of the equations is


phenomenological approach that can help in fitting the profiles of chromospheric lines that are indeed formed under conditions far from local thermodynamic equilibrium.

[^7]: By adopting $\sigma$ as a measure of noise we are assuming that the noise statistics is Gaussian and this seems a common and sensible assumption as well. Requiring signals to be larger than $3\sigma$, therefore, implies more than 99.7 % certainty in the detection. We refer the reader to @2012ApJS..201...22D for a discussion on polarimetric accuracy and signal-to-noise ratio. For Bayesian selection among model atmospheres, see @2012ApJ...748...83A.

[^8]: Indeed, two variables are needed for specifying the thermodynamical state of the medium. However, most of the spectral lines used in typical observations present a very low dependence, if any, on pressure. Therefore, we shall assume that pressure iswas an alchemist who made fine soldiers out of all sorts and
conditions of men, and whose spirit turned despondency out of doors.

The clearness of his instinct and the power of his {xxxiv} mind were
not more remarkable than his swiftness of decision and indomitable
will.  There are scores--probably hundreds--of young officers who
fought by his side, or under him, at Ypres and elsewhere, who years
hence, when they are themselves distinguished--perhaps great and
famous--and come, in the evening of their days, to reckon up and
consider the influences which have shaped their careers, will place his
influence first.  And there are boys looking forward to the day when
they shall be old enough to serve in the King's Army, chiefly from the
love and honour in which they held this hero, with his winning smile
and


In the intervals of work and golf he spent
much of his time in visiting Wellington's adjacent battlefields and
studying his passage of the Bidassoa and forcing of the Pyrenees.

[6] Gough's many friends will ever feel a double debt of gratitude to
that distinguished surgeon, Sir Berkeley Moynihan, who by this
operation restored him, after several years of ill-health and
suffering, almost to complete health; and who once again--when by a
strange coincidence of war he found his former patient lying in the
hospital at Estaires the day after he was brought in wounded--came to
his aid, and all but achieved the miracle of saving his life.

  ORDEAL BY BATTLE

  PART I

  THE CAUSES OF WAR

  PART II

  THE SPIRIT OF GERMAN POLICY

  PART III

  THE SPIRIT OF BRITISH           151
  Experts are honoured and trusted                                151
  German esteem for men of learning                               152
  And for the military caste


is
easily recognised.  But what some of our recent moralists have
overlooked, is the fact that forces of precisely the same order exist
in the world of to-day, and are at work, not only among the fierce
Balkan peoples, in the resurgent empire of Japan, and in the great
military nations--the French, the {10} Germans, and the Russians--but
also in America and England.  The last two pride themselves upon a
higher civilisation, and in return are despised by the prophets of
militarism as worshippers of material gain.  The unfavourable and the
flattering estimate agree, however, upon a single point--in assuming
that our own people and those of the United States are unlikely to
yield themselves to unsophisticated impulse.  This assumption is wholly
false.

[Sidenote: VIRTUES OF THE WAR SPIRIT]

If we search carefully, we shall find every wherepoint--Who
is Germany?  Who was her man of business?  Who acted for her in the
matter of this war?  Who pulled the wires, or touched the button that
set the conflagration blazing?  Was this the work of an individual or a
camarilla?  Was it the result of one strong will prevailing, or of
several wills getting to loggerheads--wills not particularly strong,
but obstinate, and flustered by internal controversy and external
events?  What actually happened--was it meant by the 'super-men' to
happen, or did it come as a shock--not upon 'supermen' at all--but upon
several groups of surprised blunderers?  These questions are not likely
to be answered for a generation or more--until, if ever, the archives
of Vienna and Berlin give up their {43} secrets--and it would therefore
be idle to waste too much


a diligent and faithful servant,--one
who does not seek to impose his own decisions, but to excuse, justify,
and carry out, if he can, decisions which have been made by others,
more highly placed and greedier of responsibility than himself.

Herr von Jagow, the Foreign Minister, is much affected.  He drops
tears--or comes somewhere near dropping them--over the lost hopes of a
peaceful understanding between England and Germany.  We can credit the
sincerity of his sorrow all the more easily, for the reason that Herr
von Jagow behaves throughout the crisis as the courteous gentleman;
while others, who by position were even greater gentlemen, forget
momentarily, in their excitement, the qualities which are usually
associated with that title.

Then there is the German Ambassador at Vienna--obviously a
firebrand--enjoying, one imagines, the confidence of the war parties in
both capitals: alsothis, it is
unnecessary to look further than the miscalculations of the political
kind which became recognised for such within a few weeks after war was
declared.

[1] July 1911.

[2] Prussian policy appears to be modelled upon the human body.  Just
as man is endowed with a duality of certain organs--eyes, nostrils,
lungs, kidneys, etc.--so Prussian policy appears to proceed upon the
principle of a double diplomatic representation, two separate Foreign
Office departments, etc., etc.  It is no doubt an excellent plan to
have a second string to your bow; but it is not yet clear how far this
can be carried with advantage in delicate negotiations without
destroying confidence in your sincerity.

[3] A labour leader, highly impressed by the spectacle, gave a vivid
description of an equestrian parade through the streets of Berlin after
the declaration of war--the


war was an anachronism, _vieux jeu_, even an impossibility in the
present situation of the world.

[2] 'Speculatists' was a term used by contemporary American writers to
describe the eloquent theorists who played so large a part in the
French Revolution.

{60}

The British Government appeared to treat these materially-minded
visionaries with the highest favour.  Their advice was constantly
sought; they were recipients of the confidences of Ministers; they
played the part of Lords Bountiful to the party organisations; they
were loaded with titles, if not with honour.  Their abhorrence of
militarism knew no bounds, and to a large extent it seemed to German,
and even to English eyes, as if they carried the Cabinet, the
party-machine, and the press along with them.

'Militarism,' as used by these enthusiasts, was a comprehensive term.
It covered with ridicule and disrepute even such The
emergency conference of the leaders of parties which the King, acting
upon the desperate advice of his Ministers, had called together at
Buckingham Palace ended in complete failure.

On Monday the 27th of July readers of the morning newspapers, looking
anxiously for news of the Servian reply to the Austrian ultimatum,
found their eyes distracted by even blacker headlines, which announced
that a Scots regiment had fired on a Dublin mob.

How the bureaucrats of Berlin must have rubbed their hands and admired
their own prescience!  Civil war in Ireland had actually begun, and in
the very nick of time!  And this occurrence, no less dramatic than
opportune, was a triumph not merely for German foresight but for German
contrivance--like a good many other things, indeed, which have taken
place of late.  When the voyage of


New Year's Day,
still outnumbered the Allies on both the Eastern and the Western
frontier.

"The same high authorities tell us further, that {164} during this
period of five months, the German Government has called upon the civil
population, has appealed to able-bodied men who had previously been
exempt from military service, and that by this means it has obtained,
and has been engaged in training, arming, and equipping another
4,000,000 or 4,500,000 who, it is anticipated, will become available
for war purposes in new formations, during the spring and summer of the
present year.

"Our Government, therefore, according to your own account, has not been
afraid to ask the civil population to serve, and this is the response.
Does it look as if the national spirit had been quenched under our
autocratic system?

"Out of our whole population of sixty-five millions wecannot endure.  But in the interval, if it be
allowed to triumph, it may work evil, in comparison with which that
done by our own devil-take-the-hindmost philosophers sinks into
insignificance.

[Sidenote: WANT OF A NATIONAL POLICY]

Looking at the present war from the standpoint of the Allies, the
object of it is to repel the encroachments of materialism, working its
way through the ruin of ideas, which have been cherished always, save
in the dark ages when civilisation was overwhelmed by barbarism.
Looking at the matter from our own particular standpoint, it is also
incidentally a struggle for the existence of democracy.  The chief
question {185} we have to ask ourselves is whether our people will
fight for their faith and traditions with the same skill and courage as
the Germans for their material ends?  Will they endure


duty of the Admiralty and the War Office is to keep their armaments
abreast of the national endeavour.  It is folly to do more: it is
madness to do less.  The duty of the Foreign Minister is to restrain
and hold back his policy, and to prevent it from ambitiously outrunning
the capacity of the armaments which are at his disposal.  If he does
otherwise the end is likely to be humiliation and disaster.

When any nation is unable or unwilling to provide the armaments
necessary for supporting the policy which it has been accustomed to
pursue and would {226} like to maintain, it should have the sense to
abandon that policy for something of a humbler sort before the bluff is
discovered by the world.[1]

It may possibly appear absurd to dwell with so muchis singularly difficult to discuss frankly, without incurring
the very evils which every government seeks to avoid.  And if these
things are not easy to discuss, it is exceedingly easy for faction or
fanatics to misrepresent them.[3]  Moreover, the lamentations of the
Hebrew prophets bear witness to the {228} deafness and blindness of
generations into whom actual experience of the evils foretold had not
already burnt the lesson which it was desired to teach.  Evils which
have never been suffered are hard things to clothe with reality until
it is too late, and words, even the most eloquent and persuasive, are
but a poor implement for the task.

The policy of a nation is determined upon, so as to accord with what it
conceives to be its honour, safety, and material interests.  In the
natural course


same relative position as
in the days of Napoleon.  Sustained by this tenacious but fantastic
tradition, Ministers have not infrequently engaged in policies which
wiser men would have avoided.  They have uttered protests, warnings,
threats which have gone unheeded.  They have presumed to say what would
and would not be tolerated in certain spheres; but having nothing
better behind their despatches than a mere assumption which did not
correspond with the facts, they have been compelled to endure rebuffs
and humiliations.  As they had not the prudence to cut their coat
according to their cloth, it was only natural that occasionally they
should have had to appear before the world in a somewhat ridiculous
guise.

British statesmen for nearly half a century had persisted in acting
upon two most dangerous assumptions.  They had assumed that onewar.  Its
assumed security amid the armaments of Europe, and now of Asia, is
insolent and provocative" (Lord Roberts, October 22, 1912).  Nothing
indeed is more insolent and provocative, or more likely to lead to a
breach of the peace, than undefended riches among armed men.

{241}

CHAPTER IV

THE BALANCE OF POWER

During the whole period of rather more than thirteen years--which has
been referred to in previous pages as the post-Victorian epoch, and
which extended roughly from January 1901, when Queen Victoria died, to
July 1914, when war was declared--the British Army remained inadequate
for the purpose of upholding that policy which British statesmen of
both parties, and the British people, both at home and in the
Dominions, were engaged in pursuing--whether they knew it or not--and
were bound to pursue, unless they were prepared to sacrifice their
independence.

The aim


may be to man the walls, to fall upon the enemy
at the ford, to harry his lands, or even to attack him in his castle.
There is no fixed rule.  The circumstances in each case make the rule.

[Sidenote: CO-OPERATION WITH FRANCE]

A war is not less a defensive war if you strike at your enemy in his
own territory, or if you come to the aid of your ally, whose territory
has been invaded or is threatened.  In the circumstances which
prevailed for a considerable number of years prior to the outbreak of
the present war, it gradually became more and more obvious, that our
soundest defence would be joint action with France upon her
north-eastern frontier.  For there, beyond any doubt, would Germany's
supreme effort be made against the Triple Entente.  Ifthe Italian people would consent to
engage in a costly, and perhaps ruinous, war--a war against France,
with whom they had no quarrel; against England, towards whom they had
long cherished feelings of friendship; on behalf of the Habsburg
Empire, which they still regarded--and not altogether
unreasonably--with suspicion and enmity.

[Sidenote: NEUTRALITY OF ITALY]

But although the neutrality of Italy might be regarded as a likelihood
at the opening of the war, it could not be reckoned on with any
certainty as a permanent condition.  For as no one can forecast the
course of a campaign, so no one can feel secure that the unexpected may
not happen at any moment.  The consequences of a defeat in this quarter
or in that, may offer too great temptations to the cupidity of
onlookers; while diplomacy, though it may have bungled


available
for the passage of Dreadnoughts; _the summer of 1916_, by which date
the French Army increases were due to take effect, and the Russian
scheme of military reorganisation would have been carried through.
From the point of view of Berlin and Vienna war could be waged to
greatest advantage so soon as the first of these two dates had been
reached.  If, however, Italy, always a doubtful participator, could
have been tempted by self-interest to make common cause with her allies
in the summer of 1913, the certainty of her adherence would have turned
the scales in favour of the earlier date.  For Italy could put an army
of 700,000 men into the field; and this no doubt would have more than
compensated for the benefits which might have been lost by anticipating
the ideal moment byprovided as it could be, and that the behaviour of the whole world
of industry had {362} been as impeccable as the foresight and energy of
the Government.

The country found it difficult to reconcile these various statements
one with another.  It found it still more difficult to reconcile Mr.
Asquith's assurances with what it had heard, not only from other
Ministers, but from generals in their published communications.
Private letters from the front for months past had told a very
different story from that which was told, in soothing tones, to the
Newcastle audience.  These had laid stress upon the heavy price paid in
casualties, and the heavy handicap imposed on military operations,
owing to shortage of artillery ammunition.  The appointment of the
Committee alone was wholly credited; the rest of these assurances were
disbelieved.

[Sidenote: COMPLAINTS ABOUT


 His contract has been made under
duress.  Its obligations last for a long period of years.  The pay is
below the ordinary market rates.  Everything in fact which, in equity,
would favour a revision, pleads in favour of the soldier who demands to
be released.  But let him plead and threaten as he please, he is not
released.  It is not a case of suing him for damages in the civil
courts, but of dealing with him under discipline and mutiny acts, the
terms of which are simple and drastic--in {393} peace time
imprisonment, in war time death.  Without these means of enforcing the
'voluntary' system the British people would not feel themselves safe.

This phenomenon seems even stranger, when we remember that a large and
influential part of the British peopleits
'voluntary' or 'mercenary' or {397} 'professional' army--an army
underpaid at first, afterwards perhaps somewhat overpaid, when it
occurred to its mind to put pressure on society.

But Rome in the first century was a very different place from England
in the twentieth.  Very different indeed!  The art and rules of war
were considerably less of an expert's business than they are to-day.
Two thousand years ago--weapons being still somewhat
elementary--gunpowder not yet discovered--no railway trains and tubes,
and outer and inner circles, which now are as necessary for feeding
great cities as arteries and veins for keeping the human heart
going--private citizens, moreover, being not altogether unused to
acting with violence in self-defence--it might have taken, perhaps,
100,000 disciplined and well-led reprobates a week or more to hold the
six millions of Greater London by the throat.  To-day


likely for many years to be running
hard against him, or another cause where these conditions are
reversed--of course he will never hesitate a moment about choosing the
latter.  And very probably his manner {402} of answering will indicate,
that he thinks you insult his intelligence by asking such a question.

It is only the very rare type of big, patient politician, who realises
that the facts cannot be changed by opinion, and that in the end
opinion must be changed by the facts, if the two happen to be opposed.
Such a one chooses accordingly, to follow the facts in spite of
unpopularity.

The little fellows, on the contrary, with their large ears glued
anxiously to the ground, keep ever muttering to themselves, and
chaunting in a sort of rhythmical chorus, the most despicable
incantation in the whole politicalfuture?
Is it now necessary for us to accept in practice what has always been
admitted in the vague region of theory--that an obligation lies upon
every citizen, during the vigour of his age, to place his services, and
if need be his life, at the disposal of that state under whose shelter
he and all those who are most dear to him have lived?

[Sidenote: THE PEOPLE WILL NOT FLINCH]

There is always danger in treating a free people like children; in
humouring them, and coaxing them, and wheedling them with half-truths;
in asking for something less than is really needed, from fear that to
ask for the whole would alarm them too much; with the foolish hope that
when the first demand has been granted it will then be easy enough to
make them understand how much more


a more propitious season--he
loses by his misplaced caution far more than half his strength.  When
there is a case to be laid before the British People it is folly to do
it piecemeal, by astute stages of pleading, and with subtle
reservations.  If the whole case can be put unflinchingly it is not the
People who will flinch.  The issue may be left with safety to a
tribunal which has never yet failed in its duty, when rulers have had
the courage to say where its duty lay.

[1] "A war conducted with energy cannot be directed merely against the
combatants of the enemy State and the positions they occupy, but it
will and must in like manner seek to destroy the total intellectual and
material resources of the latter.  Humanitarian claims, such asluck. Here is my code:
    import os,re
    path = r'myfolder\user\allimages\Main\target'
    files = os.listdir(path)
    for index, file in enumerate(files):
        tempname = file.split('.')[0] #no extentions
        for i in tempname :
             for picture_name in my_dataframe['Column']:
                     if temp_file_name == picture_name:
                          os.rename(os.path.join(path, file),


Dilma Rousseff. The journalists working for these media groups are clearly subject to the influence of private and partisan interests, and these permanent conflicts of interests are clearly very detrimental to the quality of their reporting.

Brazil’s fall in the Index is also the result of the lack of a national mechanism for protecting journalists in danger and for combatting the prevailing impunity for crimes of violence against journalists, which is facilitated by the ubiquitous corruption.

With seven journalists murdered in 2015 alone, Brazil continues to be the western hemisphere’s third deadliest country for media personnel, after Mexico and Honduras. All of them were investigating sensitive subjects such as corruption and organized crime.

Organized crime’s firm hold on certain regions far from any major city makes covering these subjects particular complicatedHome away from home

Situated in a good neighbourhood with coffee shops nearby, this is a very nice place to stay. The rooms in the main building are more convenient compared to the annex. I would definetely stay there again if I come back to Chennai. Staff (especially S.Ramesh at reception who was extremely helpful!) were extremely helpful and made me feel very much at home. Home Cooked food for lunch and dinner (it must be pre ordered) was delicious!

Breakfast needs some improvement as there were not many options. Too many mosquitoes, but the staff made every effort to offer solution. Property is a little bit hard to find.


   return *(base_obj + shift);//shift is the index variable of banana class
  }
};

in any other class i can just call get_nth_object & pass the index no of the object whose pointer i want & i will get that point.
is there anything wrong in my code?
or if anything can be improved please help me.
for refernce i use http://www.cplusplus.com.
i am a mech engg student so please pardon me if i have made any stupid mistake

A:

Directly embedding is more memory-efficient (it saves you both the overhead of a pointer and that of a heap allocation, and improves locality of reference):
class banana
{
  private:
  apples ap_obj;
  int index;
}

Note that you forgot to new index in your original code. I'm not even sure if I understand the need#using <System.dll>

using namespace System;
using namespace System::IO;
using namespace System::Net;
using namespace System::Net::Sockets;
using namespace System::Security::Permissions;

public ref class Sample
{
protected:
   [SecurityPermission(SecurityAction::Demand, Flags=SecurityPermissionFlag::UnmanagedCode)]
   void Method( Socket^ aSocket )
   {
      // <Snippet1>
      try
      {
         aSocket->Shutdown(SocketShutdown::Both);
         aSocket->Close();
      }
      catch (...)
      {
         aSocket->Close();
         throw;
      }

      if ( aSocket->Connected )
      {


at Lonnie with the knife.
Following testimony and argument, the trial court found, by a preponderance of the evidence, that J.M. violated the terms of his probation by committing the offense of deadly conduct, and ordered J.M. committed to TYC. J.M. generally contends the State failed to prove the elements of deadly conduct and that the overwhelming evidence shows he acted in self-defense. Although it is unclear, we interpret J.M.'s complaint as a challenge to the factual sufficiency of the evidence to support the trial court's implied finding against his self-defense theory.
A trial court may modify its prior disposition in a juvenile case based on a finding that the juvenile engaged in delinquent conduct so as to commit the juvenile to TYC if the court, after a hearing, findsoriginally broke the SetLabel() call was this commit:
-def staticText(parent,label=u'',pos=defPos,size=defSize,style=0,name=u"staticText",id=defId,):
+def staticText(parent, label=u'', pos=defPos, size=defSize, style=0,
+               noAutoResize=True, name=u"staticText"):
     """Static text element."""
-    return wx.StaticText(parent,id,label,pos,size,style,name)
+    if noAutoResize: style |= wx.ST_NO_AUTORESIZE
+    return wx.StaticText(parent, defId, label, pos, size, style, name)

Flipping noAutoResize default value to False squashed the bug - the text was set but wx.ST_NO_AUTORESIZE would prevent the control to adjust its size from u'' - so no text was displayed. So this was a plain old bug.
The question remains why on earth when setting a breakpoint in the debugger self.raceText.SetLabel() shows the text ?
EDIT: do read the answer - sanity check

A:

IIUC, I think it's possible that


Top performances in the first half of 2019

2019 is clearly running quite fast as already the first half of the year is over. From January 2019 to June 2019, Bollywood offered us some really good films. Apart from content, one of the most important elements in a film is the actors. Sometimes a good film doesn’t impress if the performance in it is not good and sometimes a bad film has some amazing performances in it.

Today, let’s look at the actors who gave some fantastic performance on the big screen in the first half of 2019…

Vicky Kaushal – Uri: The Surgical Strike

We have to start with Vicky Kaushal. The actor played the role of an army officer in Uri: The Surgical Strike and nailed it. Vicky clearly gavewas the highlight of the film. We got to see the actor in a zone that we always liked him in. His angry man avatar was a treat for his fans.

Tabu – De De Pyaar De

Tabu is one actress from the early 90s who is still around making a mark, and also starring as a lead, giving the young actresses a run for their money. She doesn’t need to prove her mettle as an actor, but with every film, Tabu is surprising us. With her performance in a rom-com like De De Pyaar De, Tabu once again impressed us. By the way, even that one scene of her in Bharat was very impactful.

Taapsee Pannu – Game Over / Badla

Last year, while she gave some fantastic performances in films


{
      message = "**ERROR**: Invalid quantity. Quantity cannot be greater than 1000";
      isValidOrder = false;
    } else {
      this.quantity = quantity;
      this.isValidOrder = true;
    }
  }

  public void testDiscount(int discount) {
    boolean isDiscounted = false;
    if (discount <= minDiscount) {
      message = "**ERROR**: The discount rate cannot be lower than or equal to 0";
    } else if (discount > maxDiscount) {
      message = "**ERROR**: The discount rate cannot be greater than 50";
    } else {
   good, but the price tag ($24!) is a little steep for a mascara so I’m always looking out for a drugstore dupe that I can use in its place for most days (saving Benefit for special occasions, etc.) I thought this Maybelline offering was the one. I thought it was here to save me and my debit card. Disappointment, thy name is a mascara formula that makes your eyes tear a few minutes after applying. That’s right, it’s great–it gives you beautiful long, voluminous dramatic everyday lashes, but my eyes hated something in the formula and wouldn’t let me carry on with my day for as long as I had it on. It’s hard to look at a computer screen, your smartphone, take notes, walk or really anything


beginning. I’m going to keep using them to determine if results are longer lasting with continued use.

Avocado (Nutrition): my face felt “fed” after using this mask for sure. I tried this before bed once and woke up with visibly brighter, plumper skin where scaly spots had started to appear. (Damn flaking face!)

Aloe (Moisturizing): I think this should actually also say soothing as I go straight for this one when I feel my skin is irritated or just generally behaving badly. The Tea Tree formula is actually labeled ‘Soothing’ and I find that odd as tea tree is strong and usually irritates many–mostly because it can be drying. Bottom line: this one is a sheet mask staple.

I haven’t tried them all yet, but I do have the Seaweed (Skinand friendly salespeople. See below for a pic of what a Kiko Milano location may look like.

Photo Credit: timeout.com

Okay, enough background-let’s get into the goods. Here’s what I picked up at Kiko Milano with a few quick thoughts to accompany each product picture. Side note: I went in because I’m still on the hunt for my perfect red lip…I know, I should be attending meetings. WOMP. Anyhoo…

This mask comes packaged in a single use sheet form and promises to “give radiance and energy to the face.” It also claims to help “fight dull complexions and give skin a healthy, smooth look.” I haven’t tried this yet, but I’m obsessed with sheet masks so I can’t wait to get into this. I hope I’m not disappointed.

I also picked up


girl”…something to that effect, because your girl is BONE TIRED. But it’s all good. I’m pleased with my grades for the fall term and it was worth the hard work.

A lot of people have been asking me what my plans are with my month of freedom. I’ve only got one concrete plan: sleep. In any of my free time, you can find me asleep or well on my way. But, I will try to post more for you guys (and myself because I love blogging) and I’ll be trying to figure out how I can post more regularly in the New Year. (That’s a convo for another post though dolls) Right now, mama just wiped her face straight clean and is dying to share deets.

You know how youtime. It did take a few swipes back and forth, but certainly nothing close to annoying.

To be fair and objective, I am very disappointed with one thing about this wipe (and it may be only this formula) but the second ingredient is Mineral Oil. Depending on your skin type, mineral oil can be very irritating and pore clogging. Additionally, there is dueling scientific positions about its overall level of harm when used in direct contact.

LA Fresh has a variety of wipes available, including Nail Polish Remover, SPF 30 Sunscreen, Antibacterial, Lens and Screen Cleaner and Hygiene Wipes (in varieties for men and women) to name a few. If you go to their website you can check out their entire line of wipe offerings. And for a limited time,


on Amazon, I decided to also see if there was something I could get to add to my arsenal of skin tools. Just like magic, I took a few clicks and voila! I had happened onto the Conair Facial Sauna System. And for all of $21.80, I was in business!!

Just an hour ago I embarked on my first facial sauna. It was certainly easy enough to do. Before I used the system, I cleansed my face with Clinique’s Liquid Facial Soap Mild for Dry/Combination skin. This is an old standby, tried and true product for me. Definitely in my Holy Grail ranks. Next, I moved on to the steam system.

Gentle, yet effective cleansing

The Conair system itself was very easy to use once I had read the clear instructions.Keith Cumberpatch

Keith Daniel Cumberpatch (25 August 1927 – 15 November 2013) was a New Zealand field hockey player. He represented New Zealand in field hockey in 1956 and 1958, including at the 1956 Olympic Games in Melbourne.

References

Category:1927 births
Category:2013 deaths
Category:Field hockey players from Christchurch
Category:New Zealand male field hockey players
Category:Olympic field hockey players of New Zealand
Category:Field hockey players at the 1956 Summer Olympics


This invention concerns polymeric and non-polymeric binders for particles and the use of such binders in binding particles to fibers. The fibers and bound particles may be easily densified by external application of pressure. The binders are reactivatable, and may be applied to particles, which thereafter may be bound to fibers on a wet-laid fiber sheet manufacturing line. In particular embodiments, the invention concerns binding superabsorbent particles to cellulosic fibers which may then be used, for example, to make absorbent fibers that are densified and incorporated into absorbent products. In other embodiments, the invention concerns the reactivation and use of binder coated particles, preferably at an article manufacturing plant, at a location remote from a pulp-sheet manufacturing line to bind superabsorbent and/or other particles to cellulosic fibers whichsoluble or not, preferably have functional groups that can form hydrogen bonds or coordinate covalent bonds with the binder, and the binder in turn is capable of forming hydrogen bonds to the fibers. Other particles without the desired functionality may also be included in the fiber product, but such particles will not be bound as strongly in the same manner.
In especially preferred embodiments, the fibers are cellulosic and the particles are superabsorbent particles that are bound to the binder by hydrogen bonds. The fibers also may be continuous or discontinuous synthetic or natural fibers having a hydrogen bonding functional group that hydrogen bonds with the binder. The binder is suitably applied to the particles in an amount of at least 0.03 percent, and preferably no more than 80


particles are soluble in water but have reduced solubility in the binder such that the particles can be bound in solid particulate form to the fibers. Addition of the binder does not dissolve the particle and cause it to diffuse away from its desired site of attachment to the fibers.
The invention also is directed to fibrous products produced by any of the methods described herein and to absorbent products or articles comprised of such fibrous products.
The present invention relates to the above objects, features and advantages individually as well as collectively. The foregoing and other features and advantages of the invention will become more apparent from the following detailed descriptions and accompanying drawings.

      id

        必須

Validations:

Must be an identifier, string from 1 to 128 characters containing only alphanumeric characters, space, underscore(_), hypen(-) with no leading or trailing space.


play through occupation is a tool and never an identity.

If we fail to do this we may lose ourselves in conflict. We may burnout from anger and deplete ourselves through hate. We may fight with those that can help us and repel those we seek to inspire. So let us realize that real change occurs within the hearts of each of us. Can we face the darkness within our own minds, or will we project it onto those we oppose?

I have watched people react with judgment and divisiveness, and I have watched people respond with love and unity. I have watched people defend a system which destroys for profit, and I have watched people envision a way of living that works in harmony with all of life. I3. Let w(b) = 5*g(b) + 6*h(b). Give w(-4).
23
Let u(q) = q**2 + 5*q - 4. Let h(z) = -3*z**2 - 4*z - 3. Let b be h(-2). Calculate u(b).
10
Suppose -m + 2*m + 9 = -4*s, -m - 1 = -4*s. Let u(t) be the second derivative of -t**4/12 - 5*t**3/6 - 3*t**2 - 3*t. Calculate u(m).
-6
Let f(p) = p**2 - 6*p - 2. Let s(h) = h**3 - 5*h**2 + 5*h + 4. Let w be s(4). Let y(x) = x**2 - 8*x + 6. Let z be y(w). Calculate f(z).
-2
Let i be 2 - (2 - 3) - (3 - 3). Let z(k) = 3206 - k - 3205 - i*k**2 - 2*k**2. Calculate z(1).
-5
Let h(l) be the third derivative of -l**6/120 + l**5/30 +


8. Give n(c).
4
Let g be (-2)/(-3 + (-22)/(-8)). Suppose -7*s + 9*s = -g. Let r(u) = u**2 + 3*u. Give r(s).
4
Let a(o) = -8*o**2 - 7*o + 1. Let x(f) = f. Let w(g) = a(g) + 5*x(g). Suppose -23 = -2*q - 21. Determine w(q).
-9
Let r(m) = m**2 - 2*m - 8. Let y(k) = -2*k**2 + 5*k + 16. Let n(f) = -5*r(f) - 3*y(f). Suppose 3*u = 4*u - 7. Determine n(u).
6
Let z(x) = 21*x**3 + 4*x**2 - 3*x + 1. Let t be z(2). Let q(a) = -93 + t - a - 99. Determine q(-7).
-6
Let g(s) = -s**2 + 8*s - 5. Suppose 4*w - 20 = -5*j, 2*j + w = 6*w + 41. Determine g(j).
-5
Let f(n) = -2*n**3 + 4*npirates.

The license keys on our older titles were there in order to make it easy for us to freely distribute the full versions of the games in a shareware-like fashion — you could get the demo installer from anywhere, and then convert it into the full version with a tiny little text key. Handy for you and us! But ultimately that was a minor annoyance for folks, so starting in 2013 we moved away from that model for our direct-download titles. And then in 2014 we converted all of our older titles to have no-license-key versions, which are now what our store provides (along with steam keys).


demand that you are not only paying any outstanding payments, but still want to use the club’s facilities for free afterwards.

In reality, we have a Conservative Government that is not delivering a civil and fair negotiation on behalf of the UK, but is instead operating like an extremely dodgy used car salesman – attempting to heavy-handedly push the EU in an agreement that is very much one of ‘having our cake and eating it’.

There’s no real diplomacy, political competency nor finesse.

And it is a tactic that is certainly doomed to fail, unless the Conservatives finally leave the 18th century behind and start living in the real world.

Paul Dodenhoff

via email

RAILWAY

There’s a whole lot of shaking going on

There has been much talk recently about fracking and earthquakes.

Well there’s something worse   (0.047--0.75)    0.079   (0.064--2)       CTX-M-15 (*n* = 1), SHV-12 (*n* = 2), VIM-1 (*n* = 1)

a

For E. cloacae, clonal complex determined according to

Izdebski et al. (2014)

.

b

Carbapenemase, extended spectrum β-lactamase, plasmid-mediated cephalosporinase. TEM-1 and TEM-2 have not been mentioned.

c

One isolate in each ST.

ND, Not determined; NT, Non-typeable.

![**Distribution of the STs of 75 clinical isolates of *Enterobacter cloacae* (non-susceptible to carbapenems and isolated in North-Eastern France) on a dendrogram built with the data all known STs (*n* = 373). (A)** Overview of the dendrogram with *E. aerogenes* as outgroup. **(B)** Close-up of the branch with ST179 and ST180. **(C)** Close-up the branch harboring the rest of the isolates described in this study. Enzymes in the different ST


in QRDR. *qnr* was the major PMQR determinant found in *E. cloacae.*

These data underline, once again, the plausible role of the antibiotic pressure, in emergence and persistence of carbapenem and quinolones resistance genes.

Conflict of Interest Statement
==============================

The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.

**Funding.** This work was supported by a grant from the Ministère de la Santé et des Sports (Projet Hospitalier de Recherche Clinique CARBAFREST, an annual grant from the Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (EA 4687) and an annual grant from the Université de Franche-Comté (UMR 6249).

We thank all healthcare professionals, hospital and microbiological laboratories involved in the study. CarbaFrEst Group participants: C. Eloy, General Hospital Troyes (France); D.who have heretofore rejected such changes. However, one issue with the current state of technology is that these efficient concepts for powertrains are not linearly scalable to larger vehicles (i.e., hybrid systems for large SUVs, pickup trucks, and CUVs do not have the same effective efficiency as when applied in smaller vehicles). Therefore, even with this high efficiency technology, the application of hybrid systems, etc., to larger vehicles is not becoming mainstream at present.
Many vehicle owners value the flexibility and utility that they can get from the class of light trucks, SUVs, CUVs, etc. In the state of the art, it is possible to connect trailers to small, efficient vehicles to haul additional loads; however, the hauling capability is limited as these small vehicles often do not have


class or ID that is meaningful.
A more useful example of how to do this would be:
HTML:

CSS (in a stylesheet, preferably):
#banner {
    text-align: center;
    margin: 10px 0 10px 0; /* Top Right Bottom Left */
}

/* if the image must be responsive.... */
#banner img {
    width: 100%;
    height: auto;
}

Update:
If you wanted to have the same styles applied to several elements on the page, then instead of an ID (which should be unique - only one element on the page should have a given ID) you can use classes:
HTML:

CSS (in a stylesheet, preferably):
.banner {
    text-align: center;
    margin: 10px 0 10px 0; /* Top Right Bottom Leftfavours bevacizumab, conflicts with the criterion set by the current regulation that instead favours ranibizumab. Therefore, a lively debate has been started and is still ongoing to establish how the present regulation in this area can be revised. In devising the new regulation on this issue, one point deserving consideration is that the case of bevacizumab vs ranibizumab in patients with AMD is very atypical in the current scenario of in-hospital drug treatments. Hence, the new regulation should be tailored to the therapeutic needs of all patients likely to receive an off-label treatment for any clinical indication rather than to the specific case of intravitreal treatments for patients with AMD.


assaulted and battered" her.1 When George, then representing himself, failed

to appear at trial, the court conducted the trial in his absence. After hearing Mary's

testimony and receiving photographs of her injuries and other evidence, the trial court

entered judgment against George for $2 million compensatory and $2 million punitive

damages, plus approximately $14,200 in attorney fees and costs.

       More than a year later, George filed a motion to vacate the judgment under Code

of Civil Procedure2 section 473(d). George asserted the judgment was void because (1)

he did not receive at least 15 days' advance notice of the trial, a jurisdictional requirement

under section 594(a); and (2) the amount of damages exceeded the amount he was

notified was at risk, violating due process under Garamendi v. Golden Eagle Ins.because (1) George

"never received adequate notice of the trial" in violation of section 594, and (2) the

judgment "far exceeded the amount that [George] had been notified was at risk."7

        On the first issue (notice of trial), George's lawyers asserted the only notice of trial

properly addressed to George while he was incarcerated was the order sent by

Cummings's office—but that order was self-contradictory, asserting on the first page

there was no trial date, yet stating on the second page trial was set for June 8. In his

declaration, George admitted receiving this order, but stated he did not notice the trial

date.

        Although the clerk also sent notice of the rescheduled trial date, George's attorneys

asserted it was incorrectly addressed


Cal.App.4th 1434, 1441 (Ramos).)

                     II. THE MOTION TO VACATE WAS UNTIMELY

       George brought his motion to vacate more than a year after judgment was entered.

"Where, as here, a motion to vacate is made more than six months after entry of a

judgment, a trial court may grant a motion to set aside that judgment as void only if the

judgment is void on its face." (Ramos, supra, 223 Cal.App.4th at p. 1440, italics added;

                              grounds the $4 million

awarded violates due process also requires evidence outside the judgment roll. On this

issue, it is significant that the judgment against George was not taken by default. Rather,

he had an answer on file, which was never stricken, and the trial occurred in his absence.

George was not defaulted; rather, the trial was uncontested. (Garamendi, supra, 116

Cal.App.4th at p. 705 [distinguishing default from an uncontested trial].)

       This distinction between a default and an uncontested trial is significant because

in the uncontested trial, damages were properly entered upon Mary's proof and were not

limited to those demanded in the complaint. (§ 580 [where there is an answer, "the court

may grant the plaintiff any relief consistent with the case made by the complaint and

embraced within the


of the trial. Compliance with the 15-day notice

requirement is mandatory and jurisdictional. (Au-Yang v. Barton (1999) 21 Cal.4th 958,

963.) A judgment entered following a trial conducted in violation of the notice

requirement is void. (Urethane Foam Experts, Inc. v. Latimer (1995) 31 Cal.App.4th

763, 767.)

                                              13
       Section 594(b) requires a party to enter into evidence such notice of trial. (In re

Marriage of Goddard (2004) 33 Cal.4th 49, 54.) However, compliance with the statutory

manner of proving notice was given isto perpetrate a fraud upon this Court.

D. Due To The DEA Agents' Violations Of The Law, The Defendant Did Not Receive A Fair Trial.

In support of his entrapment defense, the defendant testified at trial. According to this testimony, he first met the DEA confidential paid informer about a month before the alleged sale occurred. Tr. 370-71, 390. Thereafter, the defendant and the informer played baseball together, and about two weeks later, the informant sought information from the defendant on where he could obtain narcotics. Tr. 371-72. About three weeks after meeting the informer and about four days before the alleged transaction, the informer, according to the defendant, pressed him further on buying drugs and asked the defendant to put up $500 to enable the informer to obtain heroin


agencies would not accept for referral an applicant with an arrest record,[17] and *621 another study in which 66 of the 75 employees interviewed indicated that they would not hire a man who was arrested for assault and battery.[18] As pointed out in Kowall, an arrest record at least encourages an employer to further investigate, and if it is convenient to fill the space before the investigation can be completed, the arrested person will not be able to obtain the job. 53 F.R.D. at 215 n.17 citing Hess & LePoole, supra note 11, at 496. The arrested individual will most likely not be given the opportunity to explain away the arrest.[19]
Second, an arrested individual is also burdened with regard to any future interactions with the law enforcement system.116 (D.Md.1976), the court observed that "(c)learly, a notation that the conviction has been vacated would not be effective to *624 erase the impact of the conviction itself." The court proceeded to order the record expunged "so that no trace of his void convictions remains." Id.
In United States v. McLeod, 385 F.2d 734 (5th Cir. 1967), Judge Wisdom ordered the expungement of records of convictions when they were obtained for unconstitutional purposes. See also Kowall v. United States, 53 F.R.D. 211 (W.D.Mich.1971) (illegal conviction record expunged).
As detailed earlier in this opinion, the defendant's conviction was overturned after it became apparent that the government had destroyed evidence, misled this Court, and for six years ignored an order of this circuit's court of appeals. The Court feels that the effects


he made notes of his telephone interview with the informer concerning the events of the date of the alleged sale. Tr. 186-89. The Court of Appeals, in reversing and remanding the case, specifically pointed to the destruction of the notes of the conversation between the agent in charge of the investigation and the DEA informer. United States v. Benlizar, 187 U.S.App.D.C. 240, 571 F.2d 674 (1978).
[4]  During his testimony before the jury, the DEA agent in charge of the case admitted that he made such notes. Tr. 359-60.
[5]  United States v. Harris, 543 F.2d 1247 (9th Cir. 1971). This decision was mentioned in the DEA regulations issued on October 28, 1976.
[6]  The Court granted the defendant's motion to suppress the identification of the photograph, thusrecords were limited on statutory grounds. Congress in part reversed this limitation when it authorized dissemination to certain banking institutions and agencies. Pub.L. 92-184, 85 Stat. 642 § 902; see 28 C.F.R. 40.85(b) (1977).
[16]  Id.
[17]  E. Sparer, Employability and the Juvenile "Arrest" Record (unpublished study by the N.Y.U. Center for the Study of Unemployed Youth (1966)), cited in Note, Arrest Records, supra note 11, at 864 n.79. In another study cited in Note, Arrest Records, supra at 864 n.79, two-thirds of the employers surveyed would not consider employing a man acquitted of assault charges. Schwartz & Skolnich, Two Studies of Legal Stigma, 10 Social Prob. 133, 136 (1962).
[18]  Kowall v. United States, supra at 215 n.17.
[19]  United States v. Dooley, 364 F.Supp. 75, 77


(E.D.Pa.1973)

"a collection of dismissed, abandoned or withdrawn arrest records are no more than gutter rumors when measured against any standards of constitutional fairness to an individual and, along with records resulting in an acquittal are not entitled to any legitimate law enforcement credibility whatsoever."
[20]  Menard v. Saxbe, 162 U.S.App.D.C. 284, 498 F.2d 1017 (1974) (record of arrests may be used to determine whether appellant may be released pending appeal); United States v. Cifarelli, 401 F.2d 512 (2nd Cir.) cert. denied, 393 U.S. 987, 89 S.Ct. 465, 21 L.Ed.2d 448 (1968) (in imposing sentence, the trial judge may consider evidence of other crimes for which the defendant was not convicted); Jones v. United States, 113 U.S.App.D.C. 233, 307 F.2d 190 (1962), cert. denied, 372 U.S. 919, 83 S.Ct.#include <torch/extension.h>

#include <vector>

// CUDA forward declarations

std::vector<torch::Tensor> lltm_cuda_forward(
    torch::Tensor input,
    torch::Tensor weights,
    torch::Tensor bias,
    torch::Tensor old_h,
    torch::Tensor old_cell);

std::vector<torch::Tensor> lltm_cuda_backward(
    torch::Tensor grad_h,
    torch::Tensor grad_cell,
    torch::Tensor new_cell,
    torch::Tensor input_gate,
    torch::Tensor output_gate,
    torch::Tensor candidate_cell,
    torch::Tensor X,
    torch::Tensor gate_weights,
    torch::Tensor weights);

// C++ interface

// NOTE: AT_ASSERT has become AT_CHECK on master after 0.4.
#define CHECK_CUDA(x) AT_ASSERTM(x.type().is_cuda(), #x " must be a CUDA tensor")
#define CHECK_CONTIGUOUS(x) AT_ASSERTM(x.is_contiguous(), #x " must be contiguous")
#define CHECK_INPUT(x) CHECK_CUDA(x); CHECK_CONTIGUOUS(x)

std::vector<torch::Tensor> lltm_forward(
    torch::Tensor input,
    torch::Tensor weights,
    torch::Tensor bias,
    torch::Tensor


tumour invasion associated with the hypopharynx, the palatine and lingual tonsils, as well as the ethmoid and maxillary sinuses. NPNHL also had a higher incidence of extensive and irregular bilateral lymphadenopathy, and lymphadenopathy in the parotid. NPC more often involved an unsymmetrical tumour with a propensity to invade both widely and deeply into muscle tissue, the fat space, the neural foramen, and the skull base bone. In contrast, NPNHL tended to be a symmetrical and diffuse tumour with a propensity to spread laterally through the fat space and along the mucosa to the tonsils of the oropharynx and hypopharynx. These differences facilitate a differentiation of these diseases using MR images, and enhance our understanding of the biological behavior of these malignant tumours of the nasopharynx.Q:

Where does TFS keep information on how projects within a solution are structured?

Is it just in csproj files and the solution file or are there other files or locations where information is stored? What are those vssscc files doing?

A:

TFS source control generally does not care how the content put in it is stored or structured. The .vssscc files are just a hold-over from the previous Visual Studio integration, and are only used by TFS to list file exclusions from source control (as far as I know, anyway...there could be undocumented uses as well.) Your solution and project structure is defined by your solution and project files. TFS Source control simply tracks the different versions of any file put in it, and provides ways to find and analyze that


for it, or compute for yourself on Form 2210. That you didn't pay sufficient income tax during the year (via withholding and/or estimated tax payments) is not a big deal; you pay the penalty and some interest, and that's all there is to it. On the other hand, if you underreported your income or claimed too many exemptions or claimed large numbers of charitable donations while making very few etc, and thereby ended up having a substantial understatement of the actual tax due is tax fraud and there is even a possibility of jail time in egregious cases.
Read more about the differences here.

cell adhesion assays and also by surface plasmon resonance using purified glycophorin and CD45 as ligands for sialoadhesin and CD22, respectively. For sialoadhesin, the amino-terminal V-set Ig-like domain was both necessary and sufficient to mediate sialic acid-dependent adhesion of the correct specificity. In contrast, for murine CD22, only constructs containing both the V-set domain and the adjacent C2-set domain were able to mediate sialic acid-dependent binding. These results are consistent with the sialic acid binding site for both proteins residing in the membrane distal V-set domain, but for CD22 a direct contribution in binding from the neighboring C2-set domain cannot be excluded.


It is with the deepest respect and affection that we would like to thank all the horses who have so nobly provided for us our living.

We have been lucky to raise, or come upon, so many fine individuals. It has been a blessing to have had the opportunity to bring them along, fostering their unique talents and honing their inborn skills. They have been to us the utmost of teachers, the best of working partners and often the greatest of friends.

We wish we could say that we "made them" but they were made by a power much greater than us; Truth be known, it is they that made us.

- Gwynn Turnbull Weaver

OUR PROGRAM

Typically, the horses we own have been exposed to a variety of experiences. In addition tobe the third derivative of n(i). Calculate q(-7).
4
Let n(f) = -40 - 14*f - 10*f - 43 + 84 - f. Give n(-1).
26
Let c(n) = -2*n - 2. Let v(h) = 4*h + 7. Let l(o) = 7*c(o) + 3*v(o). Give l(5).
-3
Let x(p) = p**2 - 4*p - 3. Suppose -4*g = -13 - 3. Suppose 4*m + 2*q - 44 = 0, 8*q = -3*m + g*q + 28. Let k be m/(-10)*(-40)/12. Calculate x(k).
-3
Let p(h) = 3*h + 4. Let x be (-3)/(-5) + (-12)/(-5). Suppose 3 = x*k - 9. What is p(k)?
16
Let k(t) = -t**2 + t. Let x(c) = 179*c**2 + 3*c - 2. Let n be x(1). Let z be 61/9 + 40/n. Let l = z - 8. What is k(l)?
-2
Let


is the first time you’re using it you have to create the database first with create-database . After that you can connect to it, and get a connection object back.

If you want a clean slate again then delete the database, and create and connect to it again.

(ns datomic-quick-start.core (:require [datomic.api :as d])) (def db-uri "datomic:mem://quick-start-db") ;;(d/delete-database db-uri) (d/create-database db-uri) (def conn (d/connect db-uri))

Now let’s try to add some data, before you do that though you need to tell Datomic about the attributes you’ll be using, together with their types. They need to be defined before they can be used.

Take this example from earlier. It makes use of three attributes, :user/name , :user/email , and :user/location , which are all of type string. Here you see it again both0 or near 0 values, indicating the absence of any association of ln25(OH)D with outcome at those 25(OH)D concentrations. For the others, particularly diastolic BP, there was a strong suggestion of a vitamin D effect beginning in the lowest quantiles evaluated.

[**Figure 4**](#fig4){ref-type="fig"} shows the quantitative offset between the values of the 4 dependent variables of [Figure 3](#fig3){ref-type="fig"}, below and above the transition zone. This mode of presenting the data displays the underlying inverse sigmoid character of the relationship and corresponds directly to the LOESS plot ([Fig. 1](#fig1){ref-type="fig"}). In each case, the heavy horizontal lines represent the mean values for the residuals for the 4 dependent variables (after adjusting for BMI, weight, waist circumference, sex, and age), plotted over the ranges over which there was no significant association with