= (remainder/3600 - hour)*3600;

min = floor(remainder/60);
sec = (remainder/60 - min)*60;

set(handles.jday,'String',day);
set(handles.jhour,'String',hour);
set(handles.jmin,'String',min);
set(handles.jsec,'String',sec);

Here is the other callback:
% --- Executes on button press in convertirig.
function convertirig_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)
% hObject    handle to convertirig (see GCBO)
% eventdata  reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
% handles    structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)
seconds=handles.jday*86400+handles.jhour*3600+handles.jmin*60+handles.jsec;
set(handles.isec,'String',sprintf('%0.3f',seconds));

And here is the error that I get in MATLAB when I'm running it:
Error using handle.handle/set
Invalid or deleted object.
Error in timeconversion>convertjulian_Callback (line 124)
set(handles.jday,'String',day);
Error in gui_mainfcn (line 96)
        feval(varargin{:});
Error in timeconversion (line 42)
    gui_mainfcn(gui_State, varargin{:});
Error in @(hObject,eventdata)timeconversion('convertjulian_Callback',hObject,eventdata,guidata(hObject))
Error while evaluating uicontrol Callback

A:

You are treating handles as numeric values. To get the value from a handles.isec, you can use:
value = str2double(get(handles.isec, 'String'));

All the 'j'and 0.54. They used dust aggregates consisted of monodisperse silica (SiO$_2$) spheres with $0.76\mathrm{\ \mu m}$ radius. In their experiments, a mm-sized dust aggregate was attached to two plates at its top and bottom, and then the two plates were pulled apart. @Blum2006 conducted the same experiments using dust aggregates which have volume filling factors of 0.23, 0.41, and 0.66. In addition to the monodisperse spherical silica monomers, they used irregularly shaped diamond monomers with a narrow size distribution and irregular silica monomers with a wide size distribution. @Meisner2012 used dust aggregates consisted of quartz (crystallized SiO$_2$) monomers with a size range from 0.1 $\mathrm{\mu m}$ to 10 $\mathrm{\mu m}$ and measured the tensile strength using the Brazilian disc test [e.g., @Li2013]. @Gundlach2018 also performed the Brazilian disc


an analytical expression of the tensile strength of dust aggregates, compare our results with previous experiments [@Blum2004; @Blum2006; @Gundlach2018] and numerical simulations [@Seizinger2013], and apply the analytical expression to comet 67P in Section \[sec:discuss\]. Finally, we conclude this work and discuss future works in Section \[sec:conclusions\].

Simulation Settings {#sec:setting}
===================

We perform three-dimensional numerical simulations to measure the tensile strength of dust aggregates consisting of spherical monomers. In this section, we describe settings of our simulations. First, we introduce the monomer interaction model based on @Dominik1997 and @Wada2007 in Section \[subsec:interact\]. In Section \[subsec:damping\], we explain the damping force in the normal direction. The initial conditions of our simulations are statically and isotropically compressed dust aggregates investigated by @Kataoka2013, which is described in Section \[subsec:initial\]. At the boundaries of the calculationthere are four kinds of interactions named normal (sticking and breaking), sliding, rolling, and twisting. The material parameters needed to describe the interactions are the monomer radius $r_0$, material density $\rho_0$, surface energy $\gamma$, Poisson’s ratio $\nu$, Young’s modulus $E$, and the critical rolling displacement $\xi_\mathrm{crit}$. These parameters of ice and silicate are listed in Table \[tab:param\]. To compare our results with those by @Seizinger2013, we set the same values for silicate.

If a rolling displacement exceeds the critical one $\xi_\mathrm{crit}$, a monomer begins to roll inelastically. The critical rolling displacement has different values between the theoretical one [$\xi_\mathrm{crit}=2$ Å, @Dominik1997] and the experimental one [$\xi_\mathrm{crit}=32$ Å, @Heim1999]. We adopt $\xi_\mathrm{crit}=8$ Å as a fiducial value and investigate the dependence of our results on $\xi_\mathrm{crit}$ in Section \[subsec:phyparamdepend\].

The rolling energy


$E_\mathrm{roll}$ needed to rotate a monomer around its connection point by 90$^\circ$ is described as $$\begin{aligned}
E_\mathrm{roll} &=& 12\pi^2\gamma R\xi_\mathrm{crit}\nonumber\\
&=& 6\pi^2\gamma r_0\xi_\mathrm{crit}\nonumber\\
&\sim& 4.7\times10^{-16}\left(\frac{\gamma}{100\mathrm{\ mJ\ m^{-2}}}\right)\nonumber\\
&&\times\left(\frac{r_0}{0.1\mathrm{\ \mu m}}\right)\left(\frac{\xi_\mathrm{crit}}{8\textrm{\ \AA}}\right)\mathrm{\ J},\end{aligned}$$ where $R$ is the reduced monomer radius [@Wada2007]. The reduced radius $R$ of monomer radii $r_1$ and $r_2$ is defined as $$\frac{1}{R} = \frac{1}{r_1}+\frac{1}{r_2}.$$ Here, the reduced monomer radius is $R=r_0/2$ because we assume no size distribution of monomers.

In our simulations, the maximum force needed to separate two sticking monomers (breaking) is $$\begin{aligned}
F_\mathrm{c}&=&3\pi\gamma R\nonumber\\
&\sim&4.7\times10^{-8}\left(\frac{\gamma}{100\mathrm{\ mJ\ m^{-2}}}\right)\left(\frac{r_0}{0.1\mathrm{\ \mu m}}\right)\mathrm{\ N}.
\label{eq:Fc}\end{aligned}$$

                          Material               each connection between two monomers. In reality, the oscillation would attenuate because of viscoelasticity or hysteresis of monomers [@Greenwood2006; @Tanaka2012]. Therefore, we add an artificial damping force in the normal direction [@Suyama2008; @Paszun2008; @Seizinger2012; @Kataoka2013]. The dependence of our results on the damping force is investigated in Section \[subsec:numparamdepend\].

We describe the damping force as follows. In the case that two contacting monomers have their position vectors $\bm{x}_1$ and $\bm{x}_2$, and velocities $\bm{v}_1$ and $\bm{v}_2$, respectively, the contact unit vector $\bm{n}_\mathrm{c}$ is defined as $$\bm{n}_\mathrm{c} = \frac{\bm{x}_1-\bm{x}_2}{|\bm{x}_1-\bm{x}_2|}$$ [@Wada2007]. The damping force applied to each monomer is introduced as $$\bm{F}_\mathrm{damp} = -k_\mathrm{n}\frac{m_0}{t_\mathrm{c}}(\bm{n}_\mathrm{c}\cdot\bm{v}_\mathrm{r})\bm{n}_\mathrm{c},$$ where $k_\mathrm{n}$ is the damping coefficient, $m_0$ is the monomer mass, $t_\mathrm{c}$ is the characteristic time, and $\bm{v}_\mathrm{r}$ is the relative velocity [@Kataoka2013]. When we calculate the damping


force experienced by the monomer ($\bm{x}_1,\bm{v}_1$), $\bm{v}_\mathrm{r}=\bm{v}_2-\bm{v}_1$ is the relative velocity of the other monomer ($\bm{x}_2,\bm{v}_2$). We adopt $k_\mathrm{n}=0.01$ as a fiducial value.

The characteristic time is given by @Wada2007 as $$t_\mathrm{c} = 0.95\left(\frac{r_0^{7/6}\rho_0^{1/2}}{\gamma^{1/6}{E^\ast}^{1/3}}\right),$$ where $E^\ast$ is the reduced Young’s modulus of monomers 1 and 2 defined as $$\frac{1}{E^\ast} = \frac{1-\nu_1^2}{E_1}+\frac{1-\nu_2^2}{E_2}.$$ In our simulation, the Young’s modulus $E_1=E_2=E$ and the Poisson’s ratio $\nu_1=\nu_2=\nu$ are uniform.

Initial Dust Aggregates {#subsec:initial}
-----------------------

The initial dust aggregates are statically and isotropically compressed ballistic cluster-cluster aggregations (BCCAs) investigated by @Kataoka2013. We set these initial conditions to simulate the planetesimal formation mechanism. The calculation boundary is treated periodically, thus we do not have to consider the aggregate radius.

One-Direction Stretching by Moving Boundaries {#subsec:boundary}
---------------------------------------------

We set moving boundaries in the $x$-axis direction and fixed boundaries in the $y$- andto the Growth Management Act (GMA). Ms. Wagenman contends the trial court erred in ruling neither the habitat nor the species were properly nominated for protection. Under this record, and considering Clallam County v. Western Washington Growth Management Hearings Board, 130 Wash.App. 127, 133, 121 P.3d 764 (2005), we disagree with Ms. Wagenman. Therefore, we affirm.

FACTS
¶ 2 In 2003, Ms. Wagenman initially challenged Stevens County's critical areas ordinance (CAO). She requested designation of the Loon Lake wetlands as a locally important habitat for the Red-necked Grebe. In October 2004, the GMHB issued its First Order of Compliance, ordering the County to respond. The GMHB construed Ms. Wagenman's request as a formal "nomination" under the GMA and found, "The County has received nominations to designate species and/or habitat of


Example of a spatial profile of the spiral-type spin-wave for *I* = 6.33 mA and *D* = 1.5 mJ/m^2^. (**d--g**) Spatial distributions of the magnetization characterizing a topological-type magnetic soliton, the current-induced gyration of which causes the radiation of a spiral-type spin wave mode.](srep36020-f3){#f3}

![Skyrmion nucleation.\
(**a**) Nucleation time of a single skyrmion as a function of the current amplitude for *D* = 3.5 and 4.0 mJ/m^2^. (**b**) Snapshot of a single skyrmion and zoom of the skyrmion nucleation region. (**c**) Snapshot of a skyrmion gas and zoom of the region indicated by a green square in the right frame.](srep36020-f4){#f4}
in uk. Focused funds – owned and franchised stores through its distribution centers. The south korean market had grown to become something of a replacement for chinese demand, find locations, track pizza orders. Coinbase and circle online wallet with the option to buy bitcoin with bank transfer or credit card are available in most european countries, the bitcoin halving happens where the new supply rate is cut in half. Price list, customers can purchase bitcoin with sepa. Domino’s pizza, order pizza online – up at your closest domino’s. We have coupons and specials on pizza delivery, changelly lets you buy bitcoin with litecoin. This dominos has my favorite staff. Order pizza more online for carryout or delivery from domino’s. Dominoâs will not be liable for any costs, fees,


to live on a food stamp budget for a whole! month! Since he couldn't actually get food stamps (that would be fraud), he put $176 on a debit card--the maximum amount a single person can get for food stamps in Louisiana, where he lives.

His lessons so far:

Don't buy brand names.

Eating out is expensive.

No more bottled water, sob!

OK, I'm being a little unfair; he's also learned that it's actually really tough to get by on just over six bucks a day. And he's an empathetic guy, if not particularly self-aware (he really does seem baffled by the prospect of life without Diet Coke and bottled water, and he treats the news that he can buy stuff and freeze it like a major revelation).

But I can't help noticing that despitephone call is not convenient, we use it for directions when driving, and, in moderation, we allow Zach to play games on it. Call me an old fogey or fuddy-duddy, but we have never allowed him to own a cellphone. And, do you know what? He doesn't want one. He lives in the moment because this is how we do life in our home. I don't ever want him to miss out on life. He has never even asked for a phone, and he is completely content without one. May he ever feel this way, because it is very important to me that he seizes every moment God gives. That he looks people in the eye. That he responds when spoken to, and that he responds in kindness,


trying to do that. I don't know why you have to keep saying hello and smiling, when they won't even look at you." Call me a goofball, or the last one to lose hope. Or maybe I am a glutton for punishment...that could be it. Or perhaps I am just silly and old-fashioned to think that being nice still matters. Regardless, I will keep trying to be social...face-to-face social, not filtered through "media".

I blog because I want to share what God places on my heart and provide a willing vessel for Him to use. I like Pinterest because it is just plain fun to me. For the most part, it isn't a platform to bash other people or say mean and disparaging things. It isn't a gossip-mill, andsteward and been completely present and ever in the moment...in the precious marriage He has blessed me to be a part of, in the life of the precious child He has given Kevin and me to raise and nurture and bring up in His admonition, in the time He has given me on this earth. I don't want to blow this. It is the utmost desire of my heart to be faithful to the One who created me and who so graciously grants me life and breath.

Okay, so now that you have patiently tolerated and read to the very end of my "anti-social media" rant, may I present to you a challenge? Whether you share my position on refraining from social media or if you are its biggest


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used. The simple Euler method is used [*only for the purpose of exposition*]{}. It is easier to explain the basic idea of the holonomic gradient method with the simple Euler method. In our actual implementation in Section \[sec:numerical\] we use the Runge-Kutta method for numerically solving the differential equation.

We will reduce our problem to a traditional problem of numerical analysis of an ordinary differential equation (ODE). For the reduction we utilize the notion of holonomic differential equations and the gradients of their solutions. It is why we call our method holonomic gradient method.

In the following we discuss the case of $y_1\neq y_2$ and $y_1 = y_2$ separately.

Holonomic gradient method for non-diagonal region {#subsec:m2-general}
-------------------------------------------------

In this subsection we assume $y_1 \neq y_2$. Two partial differential equations in are written as(h^{(2,0)}_{11}\equiv 0).
\label{eq:m2i1-h}\end{aligned}$$ For a general dimension, corresponds to the reduction by a Gröbner basis as discussed in Section \[sec:general-dimension\].

For us the important case is $n_1=1, n_2=2$. Since $$\partial_1 \frac{y_1}{y_2(y_2-y_1)}= \partial_1 \big( \frac{1}{y_2 - y_1}
- \frac{1}{y_2}\big)= \frac{1}{(y_2-y_1)^2}$$ we have $$\begin{aligned}
\partial_1 \partial_2^2 F &
= \partial_1
\big(-\frac{c-y_2}{y_2} \partial_2
-  \frac{1}{2} \frac{y_1}{y_2(y_2 - y_1)}
(\partial_2 - \partial_1) + \frac{a}{y_2}\big)F\\
&= \big(
-\frac{c-y_2}{y_2} \partial_1\partial_2
- \frac{1}{2} \frac{1}{(y_2-y_1)^2}(\partial_2 - \partial_1)
-  \frac{1}{2} \frac{y_1}{y_2(y_2 - y_1)} (\partial_1 \partial_2 - \partial_1^2)
+ \frac{a}{y_2}\partial_1\big) F.\end{aligned}$$ There is a term $y_1\partial_1^2$ on the right-hand side, into which we further substitute . Then for $\partial_1 \partial_2^2 F$ is written as $$\begin{aligned}
\partial_1 \partial_2^2 F &=
\Big(
-\frac{c-y_2}{y_2} \partial_1\partial_2
- \frac{1}{2} \frac{1}{(y_2-y_1)^2}(\partial_2 - \partial_1)
-  \frac{1}{2} \frac{y_1}{y_2(y_2 - y_1)} \partial_1 \partial_2
+ \frac{a}{y_2}\partial_1\nonumber \\
& \qquad -
\frac{1}{2y_2(y_2 - y_1)}\big((c-y_1)


cardinality $2^m$.

By Lemma \[lem:commutator\] and the Buchberger’s criterion for the ring $R$ (cf. Theorem 1.1.10 of @saito-sturmfels-takayama), $g_i, i=1,\dots, m,$ form a Gröbner basis and the initial ideal is given by $\langle \partial_1^2, \dots,\partial_m^2\rangle$. Let $J=\langle \partial_1,\dots,\partial_m \rangle$. Then $J^{m+1}\subset
\langle \partial_1^2, \dots,\partial_m^2 \rangle$. Hence $I$ is a zero-dimensional ideal. Furthermore this shows that the set of standard monomials is given by the set of square-free mixed derivatives.

It follows from Theorem \[th:gbasis\] that there exists a Pfaffian system and $2^m \times 2^m$ matrices (as $P_i(Y)$ for $m=2$ in the expository section \[sec:dim2\]) are obtained by the normal form algorithm in the ring of differential operators $R$. The matrices are used to numerically solve the associated ODE. However, the derivation of the matrices on computer is heavy and the obtainedI$. By direct calculation we have $$\begin{aligned}
S=&
(  y_1^2 y_2
- y_1 y_2^2
+ \frac{y_1^2}{2}
- 2 y_1 y_2) {\partial}_1^2 {\partial}_2
+(
- y_1^2 y_2
+ y_1 y_2^2
- 2 y_1 y_2
+\frac{y_2^2}{2} ) {\partial}_1 {\partial}_2^2
-\frac{y_1^2 }{2} {\partial}_1^3
- \frac{y_2^2}{2}  {\partial}_2^3
\\
&+( a y_1^2
- a y_1 y_2
-  \frac{3cy_1 }{2}
- y_1) {\partial}_1^2
+(
- y_2
+2a y_2
-ay_1 y_2
+a y_2^2
- \frac{3cy_2}{2} ) {\partial}_2^2
\\
&+(
- cy_1^2
+ 2 cy_1 y_2
-cy_2^2
+ 4 y_1 y_2
- \frac{3cy_1 }{2}
-\frac{3cy_2}{2}
+ y_1
+ y_2) {\partial}_1 {\partial}_2 \\
&+ (ac y_1
- ac y_2
+ 2 a y_1
+ c y_1
- c^2) {\partial}_1
+(
- c^2
- ac y_1
+ac y_2
+c  y_2) {\partial}_2
+ 2 a c
.\end{aligned}$$ Hence $$\begin{aligned}
{\operatorname{in}}(S)=&
(  y_1^2 y_2
- y_1 y_2^2
+ \frac{y_1^2}{2}
- 2 y_1 y_2) \xi_1^2 \xi_2
+(
- y_1^2 y_2
+ y_1 y_2^2
- 2 y_1


y_2
+\frac{y_2^2}{2} ) \xi_1 \xi_2^2
-\frac{y_1^2 }{2} \xi_1^3
- \frac{y_2^2}{2}  \xi_2^3.\end{aligned}$$ Consider the ideal $J$ of ${\mathbb{C}}[y_1,y_2,\xi_1,\xi_2]$ generated by ${\operatorname{in}}(P_1)$, ${\operatorname{in}}(P_2)$ and ${\operatorname{in}}(S)$. The following is a Gröbner base of $J$ with respect to the graded reverse lexicographic order with $y_1 > y_2 >\xi_1 >\xi_2$: $$\begin{gathered}
\{y_2^2 \xi_1^3 \xi_2^2 + 3 y_2^2 \xi_1^2 \xi_2^3 + 3 y_2^2 \xi_1
 \xi_2^4 + y_2^2 \xi_2^5,
y_1 y_2 \xi_1^3 + 3 y_1 y_2 \xi_1^2 \xi_2
+ 3 y_2^2 \xi_1 \xi_2^2 + y_2^2 \xi_2^3, \\
y_1^2 \xi_1^2 -y_1 y_2 \xi_1^2,
y_1 y_2 \xi_2^2 - y_2^2 \xi_2^2
\}.\end{gathered}$$ Thus the Krull dimension of $J$ is $2$. Since $\{P_1,P_2,S\} \subset I$, the characteristic variety ${\operatorname{ch}}(I)$ of $I$ is contained in the zero set of $J$. This implies that the dimension of ${\operatorname{ch}}(I)$ does not exceed $2$ and henceBe more than just an employee… make a difference

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entered the long‐term extension2Patients who met a treatment failure criterion after Week 44 were considered to not be in remission at efficacy visits from the point of treatment failure through Week 92Patients who had insufficient data to calculate the CDAI score were considered not to be in remission at that visitPatients without corticosteroid information at Week 92 had the last available corticosteroid dose carried forward to Week 92
  Observed case analysis of randomised patients who entered the long‐term extension                       Pre‐specified analysisPatients who did not have data at a visit were excluded from analysis for that visitEvaluates rates of remission observed during the first year ofevents (19.24 vs 18.82), and serious infections (4.09 vs 4.02), with 244.2 patient‐years of follow‐up among placebo‐treated patients and 1020.0 patient‐years years among all ustekinumab‐treated patients. The number of adverse events, serious adverse events, and serious infections per hundred patient‐years were generally comparable for the ustekinumab 90 mg every 12 weeks and every 8 weeks groups***,*** without dose effect (Table [5](#apt14794-tbl-0005){ref-type="table"}).

######

Summary of key safety finding per hundred patient‐years of follow‐up from Week 0 through Week 96: all patients who entered long‐term extension[a](#apt14794-note-0019){ref-type="fn"}


infections occurred in ustekinumab‐treated patients from Week 44 to Week 96. A nonserious infection of pulmonary tuberculosis occurred in a patient living in a region endemic for tuberculosis and who received ustekinumab every 8 weeks during the study extension. Rates of injection‐site reactions remained low with no reports of serious reactions, anaphylaxis, or serum sickness‐like reactions. Rates of malignancy were not increased. Three deaths were reported during the study extension with an observed rate of death comparable to the rate of death in a large cohort study of patients with Crohn\'s disease.[34](#apt14794-bib-0034){ref-type="ref"}

There are limitations in the study extension design. First, patients were selected by the investigator to participate in the study extension because in their opinion, they might benefit from continued treatment (although 97.5% \[719/737\] of patients that reachedVariable responses of the depth of tree nitrogen uptake to pruning and competition.
Trees in cropped fields may improve nitrogen (N) use efficiency by intercepting leached N, but crop yield will be reduced if the trees compete strongly with crops for N. Ideal trees for intercropping will take up N from deeper soil layers not accessed by the crop species. Spatiotemporal aspects of tree nitrogen capture niches were investigated within a hedgerow intercropping system by placing 15N at three depths and monitoring 15N uptake by trees pruned either 25 or 4 days before application of 15N. Trees with contrasting rooting patterns (Gliricidia sepium L. and Peltophorum dasyrrachis (Miq.) Kurz) were grown in mixed hedgerows and intercropped with maize (Zea mays L.). Neither species showed significant N uptake during the


5-14 days after pruning, even though some shoot regrowth occurred during this time. Mean topsoil (0-5 cm depth) root length density of G. sepium was 520% greater than that of P. dasyrrachis, whereas total root length (0-100 cm depth) of G. sepium was only 450% greater. On average, G. sepium recovered 15 times as much 15N as P. dasyrrachis, following application of 15N at 5 cm depth, but the two species recovered a similar amount following application at 80 cm depth, suggesting that P. dasyrrachis had better niche complementarity with shallow rooting crops. However, both species showed strong plasticity in vertical N uptake pattern in response to competition from establishing maize plants. The species differed in their response: N uptake activity by G. sepium shifted down the soilconsidered beneficial for black men as it doesn’t leave a big stripe scar on the donor area.

Caucasian Hair Transplant

Caucasian Hair Characteristics:

Have moderate hair growth.

On average triple and quadruple hair follicles in a hair shaft.

Hair follicles are oval shaped. Produce straight to curly hair.

Have a moderate-sized hair shaft diameter.

Hair Density: The highest hair density rate is found in Caucasians.

Hair density in the donor area is considered the most important factor for a hair transplant candidate. Caucasian hair ranges from smooth, wavy or curly hair structure and varies in colour from black, different range of browns to blonde and red (Ginger).

Blonde coloured hair contains the highest density; on average 146.000 hair is found. Whilst red hair contains the least density at 86.000 hair.

Graft Count Required: Caucasians need the most grafts


Q:

I have a issue with a counter of steps - reactjs form

I have a problem with the function that counts the steps of a form.
this is undefined
nextStep = () => {
  const { step } = this.step;
  this.setState({
    step: step + 1
  });
}

export class FormUserDetails extends Component {
  continue = e => {
    e.preventDefault();
    debugger;
    this.props.nextStep();
  };
  render() {
    const { values, handleChange } = this.props;
    return (

Who are you ?

        <form onSubmit={this.continue}>
        a healthy number. The index tracks 23 retailers who have reported monthly sales for August, and it only looks at sales at stores open at least 12 months.

Sales are equally encouraging when you look at a broader swath of retail spending captured by MasterCard Advisors SpendingPulse. For the July-August time period, the macroeconomice report showed an increase of 3 percent from the prior year.

The 3.0 percent gain is the largest year-over-year increase since 2006 when sales increased by 6.2 percent.

Customer Growth Partners, which measures total sales based on company reports and the research firm own proprietary store data and research, said July to August sales rose 6.4 percent, which is the best growth since before the recession.

"Despite being buffeted by the winds of inflation, Irene, and unemployment this


sign is that mom may be spending less on herself to help sustain the household. Sozzi cited weaker-than-expected sales at Cato , a moderate-priced apparel chain that reported a 3.0 percent sales decline in August, as an example.

He also said sales trends at Ann , which doesn't report monthly sales results, have shifted from the second quarter compared with the first quarter.

Since women tend to pull back on spending first, it is a point to watch as it may be an indication of more trouble ahead. There are plenty of observers who are a bit more cautious about the outlook for spending.

Frank Badillo, senior economist at Kantar Retail, said that the impact of unavoidable back-to-school spending and the need to purchase supplies for Hurricane Irene are masking attemptsDoes your business need multiple storage units within a region or across the country? We'll find the facilities you need and provide centralized billing options. Learn how we can help your company improve productivity.
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domain name transfers, the location registered in the whois database may be very different from the actual location of host server. For example, a whois query on www.desktop.com may return the location as Colorado, even though the servers are actually based in San Francisco.
A third approach involves performing a traceroute function to an IP address and mapping the router label to the geographic location using airport codes, city codes and country codes. Traceroute is a utility that traces the route from a client machine to a remote host being contacted, and reports IP addresses of routers in between. The basic idea in any traceroute-based tool is to perform a traceroute from a source to a given IP address and look at the router labels (e.g., the DNS namesversion, two-thirds of the states could petition Congress to propose amendments, but it was still Congress that did the proposing. On Sept. 15, 1787, George Mason strenuously objected to this, pointing out that such a system provided no recourse for the states if the national government should become tyrannical, as he predicted it would do.

The result was the unanimous adoption of Article Five in its current form, providing two ways for constitutional amendments to be proposed: Congress can propose them, or the states can propose amendments at a convention called by Congress upon application from two-thirds, or 34, of the states. Regardless of which body proposes the amendments, proposals must be ratified by three-fourths, or 38, of the states in order to become effective.

[sharequote align="center"]We’re going to need


very first application for an Article Five Convention to propose a bill of rights, aptly branding the convention “a convention of the States” to be composed of “deputies from the several States.”

Photo Credit: Shutterstock

Because Congress ultimately used its own Article Five power to propose a Bill of Rights, that meeting was rendered unnecessary. But the application demonstrates the contemporaneous understanding that the convention process was state-led. The Supreme Court has likewise referred to the process as a “convention of states.”

Finally, we know that the topic specified in the convention applications does matter. Over 400 applications for an Article Five convention have been filed since the drafting of the Constitution. The reason we have never had one is because there have never been 34 applications seeking a convention forAl,

I have spoken with Mark Lay and he is interested.
Even if we cannot help you here in Enron, he may be able
to put you in touch with other CV groups in town.

Please, call him directly and give my name as a reference.
(713) 853-7408

Good luck.

Vince

---------------------- Forwarded by Vince J Kaminski/HOU/ECT on 01/24/2001
02:20 PM ---------------------------

Vince J Kaminski
01/24/2001 11:21 AM
To: Al Arfsten <arfsten@bflassociates.com> @ ENRON
cc:
Subject: Re: Next Step

Al,

I have called Mark Lay and left a message on his voice mail.

Vince

Al Arfsten <arfsten@bflassociates.com> on 01/24/2001 11:16:25 AM
To: vkamins@enron.com
cc:
Subject: Next Step

Vince:  Your suggestion to introduce the concept discussed with one of
the Lays is welcomed.  I hope that this would mean that you would remain
involved at some level.  The design of the model and


abdominal muscles and not other muscles in the body. Other types of equipment, such as home gyms, allow a user to exercise more muscle groups, but they tend to be bulky and expensive. Further, when using rocker-type machines or doing conventional sit-ups, the amount of resistance in the exercise is limited by the user's body weight. As a result, it is difficult to increase abdominal strength beyond a certain point without some form of additional resistance.
It is therefore an object of the invention to construct a compact, lightweight exercise device that can be used to exercise muscles in both the abdomen and the arms, shoulders, and back.
It is also an object of the invention to provide an exercise device that can provide additional resistance as the user's strengthof human atoms for AI is so infinitely small, that it will not kill humans for their atoms, if it has any infinitely small argument to preserve humans. Here I suggested more detailed calculation.

This argument may fail if we add the changing utility of human atoms over time. For early AI, Earth’s surface is the most available source of atoms, and organic matter is the best source of carbon and energy (Freitas, 2000). Such an AI may bootstrap its nanotech infrastructure more quickly if it does not care about humans. However, AI could start uploading humans, or at least freezing their brains in some form of temporary cryostasis, even in the very early stages of its development. It that case AI may be acquire most human atoms without


Human mitochondrial transcription factor A possesses multiple subcellular targeting signals.
The mitochondrial transcription factor A (TFAM) is a member of a high-mobility group (HMG) family represented mostly by nuclear proteins. Although nuclear localization of TFAM has been demonstrated in some tumors and after treatment of tumor cells with anticancer drugs, the significance of these observations has not been fully elucidated. Here we report that both TFAM overexpression and impairment of its mitochondrial targeting can result in nuclear accumulation of the protein. Both M1 and M7 methionines of human TFAM (hTFAM) can be used for translation initiation with almost equal efficiency resulting in two polypeptides. The shorter polypeptide, however, is not located in the nucleus, despite truncation in the mitochondrial targeting sequence, and both isoforms are targeted to mitochondria witheach section, while the submandibular gland had 60-120 quadrate, triangular or irregularly shaped lobules per section. Although the present observations were not three-dimensional, the lobules of the sublingual gland were classifiable into three patterns: (1) lobules composed purely of mucous acini; (2) lobules composed purely of serous acini; and (3) lobules containing both types of acini (i.e., actual mixed glands). The mucous lobules numbered 3-8 per section (around 10%), the serous lobules 5-15 (around 20%), and the others-accounting for the majority-were regarded as mixed lobules. However, in the submandibular gland, the mucous acini, if present, were restricted to a small area in each lobule. Thus, the majority of lobules were serous, and mixed lobules accounted for less than 10% of the total. In the interlobar tissue, nNOS-positive as


serous glands: dark violet indicates the mucous glands (periodic acid Schiff staining). One lobule (with square B) is composed of mucous acini, whereas the other lobule (with square C) contains only serous acini. Panels (B-D) show higher-magnification views of the squares marked B, C and D in panel (A), respectively (immunohistochemistry for neuron-specific enolase or neuron-specific enolase \[NSE\]). The lobule containing serous acini (C) shows a higher density of NSE-positive neural elements than the lobule containing mucous acini (B). (D) The border between the mucous and serous gland areas in a lobule (marked D in panel A) containing both types of acini. Scale bars=1 mm (A), 0.1 mm (B-D).](acb-48-36-g001){#F1}

![Submandibular gland obtained from an 83-year-old female cadaver. (A) The distribution of the mucous and serous glands (periodic acid Schiffin panel (A) (or panel B). Panels (A) and (B) show periodic acid Schiff staining: the sublingual gland contains an area of serous acini or lobules (serous in panel A), whereas in the submandibular gland the area of mucous acini is very limited (mucous in panel B). Immunohistochemistry for S100A protein (Z0311) (C, D), neuron-specific enolase (NSE) (E, F), neuronal nitric oxide synthase (NOS) (G, H), and tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) (I, J). Some of the myoepithelial cells and ductal cells are positive for S100 (arrowheads in panel C). Interlobar nerves express both NOS (arrows in panels G and H) and TH (arrows in panels I and J), but some ducts are also positive for both markers (open stars in panels G, H, and J). Scale bars=1 mm (A,


In the late 1980s and 1990s, there were all sorts of amazing Japanese sports cars that we…
Read more Read more

The rules are simple, the car just has to be built in 1989 or before, and could never have been imported legally to America before.

Me? I'd probably go for an Alpine A310, since it's absurdly cool. Although, I'd only import that if I had to import a car in 2014. See, in 2015, cars from 1990 become 25 years old. That means that the Lotus Carlton will be eligible, which is a total dream saloon for anybody who loves sleepers.

I can wait one more, year can? For the time being, show us what you'd import now, if you had the chance.The present application relates generally to an improved data processing apparatus and method and more specifically to mechanisms for performing enterprise application session control and monitoring in a large distributed environment.
Situations in which it is necessary to monitor or terminate user access to applications and other computing resources are not unusual. One such scenario is employee termination. In the majority of cases, it is sufficient to de-provision the user, i.e. perform account revocation or entitlement removal so that the user can no longer access the computing resources and applications. However, circumstances do arise in which de-provisioning alone is not sufficient. These often involve more sensitive employee terminations or similar scenarios in which a user may have existing active application sessions which will not be affected by de-provisioning, e.g.,


whether a creditor had sufficient notice of the Chapter 13 plan's treatment of its claim to be bound by the plan's terms is: 1) the sophistication of the creditor; 2) the creditor's amount of involvement in the bankruptcy proceedings; and 3) the creditor's reliance on the claims allowance procedures as demonstrated by a proof of claim filed before plan confirmation. Id. at 908.
Applying the Basham factors to the situation herein the Court finds that Wrenn Agency had sufficient notice of the Plan's treatment of its claim and must be bound by the Plan's terms. Wrenn Agency is a very sophisticated creditor who was in the middle of the bankruptcy proceedings. Wrenn Agency filed a proof of claim as an unsecured nonpriority creditor and the Plan treated it asto confirmation, the Court cannot say that the other creditors would receive a windfall to which they are not entitled. See In re Metro Transp. Co., 117 B.R. 143, 150 (Bankr.E.D.Pa.1990).
The Court finds that other claimants will be prejudiced if the amendment is allowed. *800 If the Court allows Wrenn Agency to reclassify a portion of its claim and elevate it to secured status, the tax claimants, small claims unsecured creditors, and the remaining general unsecured creditors will receive less than they reasonably contemplated under the Plan. See Metro Transp., 117 B.R. at 150. The amendment will reduce the distribution of funds to these creditors. See Walls & All, 127 B.R. at 119. Wrenn Agency's original proof of claim provided no notice that a portion of its claim


open('test.txt') if line.strip()]

list comprehenssions can be faster then standard loops. tested it, it works, this code can also work regardless of empty lines, its safer, assuming all your entries are integers.
Apparently not everyone likes LC so:
triangle = []
with open('test.txt', 'r') as f:
    for index, line in enumerate(f):
        if line.strip():
            value = []
            for number in line.split(' '):
                if number.strip():
                    try:

                        raise ex
            triangle.append(value)
print triangle

produces [[1], [2, 3], [4, 5, 6], [7, 8, 9, 10]]
Now some may like LC some may like the standard for loop, its all a matter of opinion/taste, though yes, the for loop those have try ... except ... which is a bit nicer since it can tell you at which line failed, though again I did mention that the LC would be ok as long as all the values are integers.
$ python -m timeit 'execfile("test.py")'
10000 loops, best of 3: 198 usec per loop
$ python -m timeit 'execfile("test1.py")'
10000


       }
    }

But I always get:
fatal error: unexpectedly found nil while unwrapping an Optional value

at
self.mylabel.text = name

How can I present a ViewController and pass data without using segues ?

A:

The designated initializer for UIViewController is init(nibName:bundle:). When you create the view controller instance, you're just creating a blank, dumb instance of the class. Use the designated initializer: IncomingCallAlertVC(nibName:"whatever", bundle:nil).
The other problem you'll run into is that your myLabel outlet won't be connected (will be nil) until the view is loaded (which only happens the first time you access the controller's view property or loadView is called manually).
Update
Based on your comment to @FelixSFD, you should still use UIStoryboard.instantiateViewControllerWithIdentifier() to make the view controller. You don't have to use a []
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Interleaving info:
   1: P: table = ets:new(table, [public,named_table])
    in source_killer.erl line 13
   2: P: P.1 = erlang:spawn(erlang, apply, [#Fun<source_killer.0.111899813>,[]])
    in erlang.erl line 2329
   3: P: P.2 = erlang:spawn(erlang, apply, [#Fun<source_killer.1.111899813>,[]])
    in erlang.erl line 2329
   4: P: P.3 = erlang:spawn(erlang, apply, [#Fun<source_killer.2.111899813>,[]])
    in erlang.erl line 2329
   5: P.2: true = ets:insert(table, {k,1})
    in source_killer.erl line 15
   6: P.2: exits normally
   7: P.3: [{k,1}] = ets:lookup(table, k)
    in source_killer.erl line 16
   8: P.3: true = erlang:exit(P.1, kill)
    in source_killer.erl line 16
   9: P.3: exits normally
  10: Exit signal (kill)


bar barbie BONE! THey’re may even be an impersonator now trying to flex but okay….

” … Ain’t no way
Ain’t no fucking way
We call the play
We didn’t come to play
Rob the bank
We gone rob the game
They gang, we gang
But they are not the same… ” -Mask Off.

Mya now in Tokyo!? China?! Asia or wherever seems like Thai!?. & she just recently did an interview with Bell on Dash Radio Los Angeles, 2017.!?. The entire boyfriend stalker thing etc… She probably plays other personalities as well in Wraith.!?.

They talk about a small community of “millions”, which are innocent alibis in training; that’s the fallacy… Meanwhile there is an audience of nine billion!?. Meanwhile a few hundred million people is NOT even One Billion.

Basically the narrative they want to be pushedRecent Posts

In my last post I encouraged anyone who has a great idea to take responsibility for their own success by rolling up their sleeves and getting to work.

If it is your idea, you need to take the leadership role and drive the idea forward. You can’t just sit and wait for someone to recognize how clever you are and become your champion. So what are you waiting for? Build that prototype, raise those funds, and get that wonderful product or service out into the marketplace. The world needs it!

What’s that? You can’t? You don’t have the time, skill, money and connections?

Well, I’m here to tell you that if you have the passion for your idea, you can acquire all of those critical pieces. But one thing at


which students can always be found in the school’s garage working on a competition car; which will be huddled together working on their phone app prototype, and which students will be the first to sign up for a service trip. They are in control of their time because they love what they are doing and they make the time to do it.

And so must you. Love your idea and you will happily get up an hour early; you won’t even think about turning on the TV; you’ll skip the Facebook updates and head down to the basement to work, because you know it is fun, exciting and something you love doing.

Do The “Must Do’s”

Even if you have lots of energy and love for your idea, there will probablynavigation by car or foot.

Go Beyond Navigation

Navigation is just the beginning. nüvi 250 includes many travel tools including JPEG picture viewer, world travel clock with time zones, currency converter, measurement converter, calculator and more. It also comes with Garmin Lock™, an anti-theft feature, and is compatible with our free Garmin Garage where you can download custom vehicles that show your location on the map. Enhance your travel experience with optional plug-in SD cards such as Garmin Travel Guides for detailed data on attractions.


1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates generally to a method and apparatus for remotely interfacing with a computer system and, more particularly, to a method and apparatus for improving latency in displaying graphical data of a remote computer on a local computer.
2. Description of Related Art
This section is intended to introduce the reader to various aspects of art which may be related to various aspects of the present invention which are described and/or claimed below. This discussion is believed to be helpful in providing the reader with background information to facilitate a better understanding of the various aspects of the present invention. Accordingly, it should be understood that these statements are to be read in this light, and not as admissions of prior art.
Advances in computingis desirable for the network administrator to be able to monitor the health of the managed server without traveling to its location.
In the past, the local network administrator operating from a remote management computer could telephonically connect into the operating system of a managed server to monitor its health using a conventional communications package such as PC Anywhere, CarbonCopy, or Compaq Insight Manager. This method required a third communications computer to be attached to the network. Typically, a connection would first be established from the remote management computer to the communications computer attached to the network of the server. If the server was operating, the network administrator would be prompted for a login password to access network resources, including the server. If the server was down, only the


this regard, an accessory known as Compaq Server Manager/R was developed. This accessory was essentially a personal computer system on an add-in board adapted to interact with the host server. Server manager/R included a processor, memory, modem, and software to operate independently of the server to which it was installed. To monitor the server from a remote location, the network administrator would dial into the Server Manager/R board and establish a communications link. If a connection was established, the processor of Server Manager/R would periodically acquire access to an expansion bus of the server to read the contents of the server video memory. The processor would then parse the contents for text to send to the local computer via the communications link. Due to its autonomous nature, the543 U.S. 896
WELLSv.JOHNSON, JUDGE, JUVENILE COURT OF LOUISIANA, EAST BATON ROUGE PARISH.
No. 04-5378.
Supreme Court of United States.
October 4, 2004.

1
Ct. App. La., 1st Cir. Certiorari denied. Reported below: 864 So. 2d 905.


A Billion Pounds of Toxic Sludge is Being Dumped on America Every Year and its Killing Us

Spread the love

By Dr. Mercola

Last year, groundbreaking research was published suggesting that glyphosate, the active ingredient in Monsanto’s broad-spectrum herbicide Roundup, might be “a crucially important factor in the development of multiple chronic diseases and conditions.”

If you missed it, please take the time to listen to Jeff Smith’s interview with one of the authors of that research, Dr. Stephanie Seneff, reposted above. The lead author and researcher on this groundbreaking study was Anthony Samsel.

They spray nearly one BILLION pounds of Roundup every year for conventional crop production, but genetically engineered (GE) crops see some of the heaviest use, as so-called Roundup Ready crops are designed to withstand otherwise lethal doses of thischemical.

Tests published last year also showed that people in 18 countries across Europe have glyphosate in their bodies,1 while yet a third study revealed the chemical has estrogenic properties and drive breast cancer proliferation in the parts-per-trillion range.2

Now, research published in the International Journal of Toxicology3 in January adds even more fuel to the fire, as it reveals that glyphosate-based formulations like Roundup pose a threat to human health through cytotoxicity and oxidative effects. Such formulations were also found to be lethal to human liver cells.

You may think you are safe if you only eat organic produce but nothing could be further from the truth as most of the glyphosate contaminated crops are fed to animals. This means you also need to get organic meat and eggs. Also,


of harm, as microbes have the same pathway used by glyphosate to kill weeds.

The issue of glyphosate toxicity—whether in isolation or in formulation—implicates genetically engineered foods as being potentially far more hazardous to your health than less contaminated crops, and is indeed a significant reason for opting for organically-grown foods.

Labeling GMOs could help you select products that are less likely to have heavy contamination, although you’d also avoid many other hazardous chemicals used in conventional farming by opting for products labeled 100% organic.

There’s also the environmental angle, as glyphosate also effectively kills beneficial soil microbes and damages the fertility of the soil. Glyphosate is in fact patented as an antibiotic, and killing bacteria is the main function of such drugs. It’s also a potent chelator, which prevents valuablebeing north of Government street, at the corner of that and Water street. Lewis remained in possession about nine months, when he was ousted in the night time by James Innerarity, one of the firm of John Forbes and Company; who caused to be erected thereon a smith's shop. Lewis, some time after, regained the possession by legal process, and retained it until he conveyed away the same. When Lewis took possession, Water *362 street, at that place, could be passed by carts, and was common. The defendant connected himself through conveyances for the premises in question, with the grant to John Forbes and Company, and also with Curtis Lewis, and the mayor and aldermen of the city of Mobile.
Such being the situation of the lot in question,


respecting the boundary line, this part of the territory remained in the possession of Spain. And it is a fact, established by the public documents, and laws of Congress, and cases which have come before this Court, that during the period between the cession by France, and the acquiring possession by the United States, Spain continued to issue evidences of title of various descriptions; some complete grants, and others, which were only inchoate rights or concessions. And the term "new" was very appropriately used as applicable to grants and orders of survey of this description, as contradistinguished from those issued before the cession. And this construction is rendered certain, when the description of the grants is connected with the subsequent part of the sentence as to the timeto take possession of and occupy the territory ceded by France to the United States, and to organize a temporary government, "for maintaining and protecting the inhabitants of Louisiana, in the free enjoyment of their liberty, property, and religion." 2 Story, 907.
In December following, France surrendered the province to the United States, as it was ceded by Spain to France, under the same clauses and conditions, &c.; and as this Court have declared, "in every respect with all its rights and appurtenances, as it was held by France, and received by France from Spain." 10 Peters, 732.
Spain then was in the possession of the disputed territory, by the consent of France, expressed in the surrender of Louisiana; and the acceptance of the surrender by France to the United


stock with all the other vacant land of the Union, will be a property in common for the national uses of all the people of the United States. The community of interest upon which this government invariably acts, the liberal policy which it has uniformly displayed towards the people of the territories, (a part of which policy has ever been a just regard to honest settlers,) will, nevertheless, be a sufficient pledge to the inhabitants of West Florida, for the early and continued attention of the federal legislature to their situation and their wants." Ibid. 398.
In enclosing the President's proclamation to the governor of Mississippi, the Secretary of State directs him to do whatever his powers will warrant, to "secure to the inhabitants the peaceable enjoyment of theirby the cession; every rule and principle of national honour, faith, and law, would be violated, if they should deny their duty to comply with the terms of the treaty, which alone gave them any right, or with the pledges which they gave when they took possession in virtue of its stipulations.
It matters not by what right the United States held the disputed territory, at the time of its incorporation into the Union; had it been done without the colour of right, or had East Florida been so incorporated before the treaty of 1819, the consequences would have been the same; by the very and sole act of such incorporation, the inhabitants became citizens of the United States, their property was protected, and alien proprietors became entitled to


such governments, which, in the opinion of the commissioners, are not valid; in all fifty-eight claims.
4. Claims founded on orders of survey, &c., which ought not to be confirmed; in all two hundred and ninety-eight.
5. Claims of actual settlers not derived from either government; in all one thousand four hundred and twenty. Vide, Reports of Commissioners. 3 State Papers, Public Lands, 6, 7. 5. 38  48. 13. 58, 59. 66, 67  76. 254  268.
The reasons for rejecting the third and fourth classes of claims, are founded on the fourteenth section of the act of 1804; that they were made after the cession by France to the United States; that the grants were unusually large, and made after Spain had ceased to have any right or311, 312. Hence arose the difference between the corresponding articles of the two treaties; that of 1819, in the sixth article, stipulating only for the incorporation of the inhabitants, &c. and their admission to the rights, &c. of citizens of the United States; omitting any stipulation as to property, save by the eighth article, which was coextensive with the whole ceded territory east of the Mississippi, and superseded the necessity of any further stipulation to protect property; and the Constitution placed the government of the territory east of the Perdido in Congress, under the general powers conferred by the third section of the fourth article.
From the course of the political departments of the government. *390 I now proceed to that of the judicial department, on this and kindred


and Spain, in 1783, the Court say, "In the treaty with Spain, the Floridas were ceded to that power without any description of boundary." "The United States continued to assert a claim to the 31° of north latitude, while Spain maintained perseveringly her pretensions further north. This was the subject of long and fruitless discussion between the two governments, which was terminated by the treaty, &c., of 27th October, 1795, &c. This treaty declares and agrees that the line which was described in the treaty of peace between Great Britain and the United States, as their south boundary, shall be the line which divides their territory from East and West Florida."
"This article does not import to be a cession of territory, but the adjustment of a controversy betweenwith Spain, for lands within the disputed territory, while in the possession of those powers, as governments de facto, were held not to be valid under those treaties or the law of nations, to have been exclusively these. The British grant was made flagrante bello, the treaty of peace neither ceded or relinquished any territory to the United States, or to particular states; it was a solemn recognition and acknowledgment of their pre-existing rights.
The Spanish grant, though made during peace, became void by the admission of Spain, in the treaty of 1795, of the original right of the United States to the territory in which the land was situated; by the express stipulation, that the settlers within the boundary established, should remove, with their effects, within a stipulated


as claimed by Spain, and Louisiana as claimed by the United States. A question of disputed boundary between two sovereign, independent nations, is, indeed, much more properly a subject of diplomatic discussion and of treaty, than of judicial investigation. If the United States and Spain had settled their dispute by treaty, before the United States extinguished the claim of Spain to the Floridas, the boundary thus fixed would have concluded all parties. But as that was not done, the United States have never, as far as we can discover, distinguished between the concessions of land made by the Spanish authorities within the disputed territory, while Spain was in the actual possession of it, from concessions of a similar character made by Spain within the acknowledged limits. We willnot, therefore, raise any question upon the ground of any want of authority in the intendant to make the concession. No question of that sort appears to have been made in the Court below. *405 Assuming, then, the authority of the Spanish intendant to make the concession and warrant of survey, the question made and decided in the District Court fairly arises: was it a sufficient title to recover upon in an action of ejectment? If the concession had been made in a country, where at the time the principles and practices known to the common law prevailed, it would not bear a contest. It would be regarded, at most, as an incipient, inchoate right, but not a perfect, legal estate. It would not be such title as


application of the treaty of 1819 to the disputed territory, as a cession thereof by Spain, a purchase by the United States, and a settlement of former controversies concerning it, (S.P. 12 Peters, 515;) that the grants and concessions made by Spain while in possession, are on the same footing as in other parts of Florida; that the United States are bound in good faith to confirm imperfect titles, and has admitted its obligation to do so, when the inchoate title has been fairly made. And when, in the case of Canter, this Court declared, that this treaty is the "law of the land," (1 Peters, 542,) the omission of any reference to either of these cases in the opinion in Foster and Elam, shows most clearly thatvoid, if title depended on boundary.
This is another source of misapprehension of this opinion, which has of late given to it an importance, after it had remained unnoticed in any opinion of the Court after Percheman's case, till 1838.
After the opinion in that case was promulgated, the turning principle of Foster and Elam, was universally understood to be overruled, and its authority ceased to be relied on; and it was not even quoted by the counsel of the United States in the argument of Percheman's case, though the aid of Arredondo was invoked. Vide, 7 Peters, 59. 62.
It is not a little strange that it should now be taken to be a leading case on Spanish titles, when its vital principle is extinguished *409 by an unquestioned series


boundary shall not be prejudiced by the establishment of Walker's line; but such claims shall be considered as rightfully entered or granted. The compact then does, by necessary implication, admit, that the boundary between Kentucky and Tennessee is the latitude 36° 30' north, and that Walker's line is to be the true line only for the purpose of future jurisdiction.
"In this view of the matter it is perfectly clear, that the grants made by North Carolina and Tennessee were not rightfully made, because they were originally beyond her territorial boundary; and that the grant under which the claimants claim was rightfully made, because it was within the territorial boundary of Virginia. So that upon this narrower ground, if it were necessary, as we think it is not, toa sufficient consideration, all that he claimed as his; and, consequently, by the eighth article, to stipulate for the confirmation of all the grants which he had made while the title remained in him." This language requires no comment.
The Court also held, that the United States did not admit the right of Spain; and add, "It is not improbable that terms were selected which might not compromise the dignity of either government, and which each might understand consistently with its former pretensions." 2 Peters, 311.
Thus it appears that Foster and Elam presents a decisive answer to any argument founded on Poole vs. Fleeger, which tends to controvert any one principle of the law of nations, laid down in any opinion of this Court, in relation to treaties or


by overlooking the obvious and settled distinction between treaties and compacts of cession or boundary, which admit the original right of the nation or state to territory, which had before been possessed by another, without any stipulation for the protection of private property; and those treaties or compacts which contain no such admission, and do contain such stipulations. That distinction cannot be more strongly marked than will be found on a comparison of the compact of 1820, between Kentucky and Tennessee, and the treaty of 1819; and when it is carried into all the cases which have ever been before this Court, it will be most manifest that their decisions have been uniformly influenced and governed by it, except in the one case of Garcia vs. Lee, whichto it.
The opinion in Arredondo was delivered after the appeal by the Spanish minister from the decision in Foster and Elam; the opinion in Percheman was an answer to the appeal by the Secretary of State, from some misapprehensions of the opinion in Arredondo. This double appeal was most fully met by the opinion in Percheman, in language which vindicated the honour and interest of the United States, and left this Court no longer exposed to the imputation of being the only department of the government which presented any obstacle to the execution of the treaty as mutually understood.
To these opinions I must adhere, till their principles have been most deliberately reconsidered, and their fallacy exposed; if the laws of nations, as there declared, are not correctly stated,


and only separated from it by Water street. It was proven, that previously to the year 1819, and until filled up, as hereafter stated, the lot in question was, at ordinary high tide, covered with water, and mainly so, at all stages of the water; that the ordinary high water flowed from the east to about the middle of what is now Water street, between the lot in question, and that embraced in the grant to John Forbes and Company. John Forbes and Company had been in possession of the lot contained in their grant, since the year 1802; and it was known under the Spanish government as a water lot; no lots at that time existing between it and the water.
In the year 1823, no one beingpremises in controversy to have vested in Forbes and Company, because it was improved at the date of the act of 1824; and that it was immaterial by whom the improvement had been made.
That the improvements referred to by the act must have existed on the new and eastern water lots, is, as I think, free from doubt: but that Forbes and Company could acquire a benefit from the improvement made by Lewis is somewhat doubtful: as, however, no critical construction of the act on this point is called for, none has been made. The act of 1824 passed the title to the property covered by the patent issued by virtue of the act of 1836, unless it was excepted from the first act, and this is the


and have ported that solution to Objective-C.
when I ported the code, I also altered it such that the coordinate provided within the CGRect is actually the center of the rectangle as opposed to the top-left corner as per the original code.  This allows it to be used for Cocos2D objects like CCSprite's very easily.
The code (which for me seems to work very well) is shown below:
@interface Cocosutil : NSObject

typedef struct {
    float overlapSize;
    BOOL intersects;
} ccIntersection;

+ (ccIntersection) intersectionOfCircleWithRadius:(float)radius
                                          atPoint:(CGPoint)circlePt
To show or not to show the bellybutton? Some of us don’t show any belly at all, ever. Others must be so bored with the standard crop top that they need to find creative ways of draping fabrics or placing cutouts around the midriff area, while others allow just the tiniest sliver of skin to peek out.


the detector and cause unwanted signals.

The HPS team implemented a number of precautions to make sure their detector could handle the potentially destructive beam conditions. They installed and carefully aligned a system to intercept any large beam motions, made the detector’s support structure movable to bring the detector close to the beam and measure the exact beam position, and installed a feedback system that would shut the beam down if its motions were too large. They also placed their whole setup in vacuum because interactions of the beam with gas molecules would create too much background. Finally, they cooled the detector to negative 30 degrees Fahrenheit to reduce the effects of radiation damage. These measures allowed the team to operate their experiment so close to the beam.

“That’s maybeWhen Oppo launched the R5, we’ve been blown away. 4.85mm – that’s how thin this phone is. As a matter of fact, that’s the same thickness that the battery alone does feature in most phones. Still Oppo somehow managed to squeeze in a Snapdragon 615 octa-core SoC, 2GB of RAM, 16GB of memory, a 5.5-inch Super AMOLED panel, a 13 mega pixel camera and a 2,000mAh battery with support for Oppo’s VOOC rapid charging technology. But is a phone that thin really something that’s worth the price-tag or just a gadget that’s nothing more than nice to have? We tried to figure that out for you!

Oppo R5 Review: Unboxing, Design & Build

Unboxing the Oppo R5 is pretty much the same experience you get with all the other Oppo


/ off switch and volume rocker. There’s no 3.5mm headphone jack on the phone and you will need to use an adaptor for that.

All in all the handset is looking very nice and sleek. There are no loose parts and no squeaking. It even is quite impossible to bend the phone, which might make some iPhone 6 users a little jealous.

Oppo R5 Review: Display

The Oppo R5 comes with a 5.2-inch full HD Super AMOLED display, which is the same screen technology used on Samsung devices and the UMI Zero, becoming more and more popular with Chinese phones these days. We probably don’t have to tell you that OLED panels are amazing. The level of color-intensity and contrast plus the perfect black those screen provide is simply outstanding. Ofthe mass transport and hence it's improved electrochemical performance. However, XPS and other elemental analyses illustrated no evidence for N doping but traces of other surface functional groups (i.e. C and O) could be present on the molybdate surface. The biopolymer synthetic approach has the advantage of yielding nanostructured material with a relatively narrow pore size distribution controlled by l-glutamic acid. This study will provide a generic route to rescale other metal molybdate, phosphate or oxide counterparts and be an added value to the database.


       FieldPosition pos = 0;
        fromTime->set(2013, 3, 26);
        toTime->set(2013, 3, 28);
        dif->format(*fromTime, *toTime, expected, pos, status);
        if (U_FAILURE(status)) {
            errln("Failure encountered: %s", u_errorName(status));
            return;
        }
        LocalPointer<DateIntervalInfo> dii(new DateIntervalInfo(Locale::getEnglish(), status));
        if (U_FAILURE(status)) {
            errln("Failure encountered: %s", u_errorName(status));
         sprintf(mesg, "original date: %s - %s\n", datestr, datestr_2);
        PRINTMESG(mesg)
#endif
        UDate date = ref.parse(ctou(datestr), ec);
        if (!assertSuccess("parse 1st data in expect", ec)) return;
        UDate date_2 = ref.parse(ctou(datestr_2), ec);
        if (!assertSuccess("parse 2nd data in expect", ec)) return;
        DateInterval dtitv(date, date_2);

        const UnicodeString& oneSkeleton = data[i++];

        DateIntervalFormat* dtitvfmt = DateIntervalFormat::createInstance(oneSkeleton, loc, ec);
        if (!assertSuccess("createInstance(skeleton) in expect", ec)) return;


     errln("Expected " + expected + ", got: " + actual);
        }
    }
}

void DateIntervalFormatTest::expectUserDII(const char** data,
                                           int32_t data_length) {
    int32_t i = 0;
    UnicodeString str;
    UErrorCode ec = U_ZERO_ERROR;
    const char* pattern = data[0];
    i++;

    while ( i < data_length ) {
        const char* locName ={
        FileItemFactory factory = new DiskFileItemFactory();
        ServletFileUpload upload = new ServletFileUpload(factory);
        List<FileItem> fileList = upload.parseRequest(request);

        System.out.println("Headers : ");
        Enumeration<String> headerEnumeration = request.getHeaderNames();
        while(headerEnumeration.hasMoreElements()) {
            String headerName = headerEnumeration.nextElement();
            System.out.println("Name : " + headerName + ", Value : " + request.getHeader(headerName));
        }

        System.out.println("Parameters : ");


a set of vector fields. The position-dependent/independent $e$ are often called multiplicative/additive noise. The notation $\mathcal F$ is introduced to separate the flow perturbed by the noise from the deterministic flow, $F$. As will be discussed in Section \[ItoStratSubSection\], the SDE in Equation (\[SDE\]) is the Stratonovich SDE along the lines of stochastic calculus on manifolds (see, e.g., [@ManifoldsSDE] and the references therein). It will also be argued that the STS appears to point to the possibility that the Stratonovich approach is the only correct choice for continuous time models.

The parameter $\Theta$ represents the temperature or rather the intensity of the noise. As will be made clear below in Section \[Chap:StochasticDynamics\], the vector fields $e_a$ define the noise-induced metric on $X$: $g^{ij}(x)=e^i_a(x) e^j_a(x)$. Therefore, in situations wherein the numberdenotes a missing element. As can be readily verified, the (anti)commutation relations for these operators are $$\begin{aligned}
\left[ dx^{i_1} \wedge, dx^{i_2} \wedge\right]        = 0,
\left[ \hat{\imath}_{j_1}, \hat {\imath}_{j_2}\right] = 0,
\left[ dx^i \wedge, \hat{\imath}_j\right]             = \delta^i_j.\label{CommutationRelations}\end{aligned}$$

Here and in the following, the square brackets denote the bi-graded commutator: $$\begin{aligned}
[\hat X, \hat Y] = \hat X \hat Y - (-1)^{deg(\hat X)deg(\hat Y)} \hat Y \hat X,\label{BiGRadedCommutator}\end{aligned}$$ with $deg(\hat X) = \#(dx\wedge) - \#(\hat i)$ being the degree of operator $\hat X$, *i.e.*, the difference between the numbers of exterior and interior multiplication operators in $\hat X$. For example, $deg(dx\wedge )=1$ and $deg(\hat i)=-1$ so that the bi-graded commutators in Equation (\[CommutationRelations\]) are actually anticommutators.

The centerpiece


later is the Hodge star $$\begin{aligned}
\star:\Omega^{k}(X)\to \Omega^{D-k}(X),\label{HodgeStar}\end{aligned}$$ defined as $$\begin{aligned}
&\star\psi^{(k)}_{i_1...i_k}dx^{i_1}\wedge...\wedge dx^{i_k}\nonumber \\ &= \frac1{(D-k)!}g^{1/2}\psi^{(k)}_{\tilde i_1...\tilde i_k} g^{\tilde i_1 i_1}...g^{\tilde i_k i_k}\epsilon_{i_1...i_D}dx^{i_{k+1}}\wedge...\wedge dx^{i_D},\label{DefinitionOfHodge}\end{aligned}$$ where $\epsilon$ is the Levi-Civita antisymmetric tensor and $g=\det g_{ij}$ is the determinant of the metric on $X$. As previously mentioned, the natural choice of metric on $X$ is the noise-induced metric $g^{ij}=e^i_ae^j_a$. In Section \[Sec:TimeReversalSymmetry\], it will be noted that, for certain purposes, other metrics on $X$ can be used. The Hodge star has the following property: $$\begin{aligned}
\star \star = (-1)^{\hat k(D-\hat k)},\label{HodgeSquare}\end{aligned}$$ where $\hat k$ is the operator of the degree of the differential form $$\begin{aligned}
\hat k = dx^i\wedge \hat{\imath}_i, \hat k \psi^{(k)} = k \psi^{(k)}, \psi^{(k)} = \Omega^k(X)\label{K_Operator}\end{aligned}$$ so that $$\begin{aligned}
\star\star \psi^{(k)} = (-1)^{k(D-k)}\psi^{(k)}, \psi^{(k)}\in\Omega^k(X).\end{aligned}$$

This can easily be verified using $$\begin{aligned}
\epsilon_{i_1...i_D}g^{\tilde i_1 i_1}...g^{\tilde i_k i_k}
g^{i_{k+1}\chi},\label{ExpFermi}\end{aligned}$$ where $\bar\chi$ is yet another additional fermionic variable.

Other properties of fermionic variables may be in a sense opposite to their bosonic counterparts, e.g., $$\begin{aligned}
\int d^D\chi \delta^D(\hat A\chi) = \text{det} \hat A,\end{aligned}$$ whereas for bosonic variables, one would have $\int d^Dx \delta^D (\hat A x) = |\text{det} \hat A|^{-1}$ for $x\in \mathbb{R}^D$. There are many other interesting properties and relations associated with fermionic variables (see, e.g., [@GrassmannNumbers]). In the forthcoming discussion, however, only those introduced so far will be used.

Operator Representation {#Chap:StochasticDynamics}
=======================

Stochastic Generalization of Dynamics {#SecGenFPOper}
-------------------------------------

In the previous section, the noise configuration was assumed to be fixed, and the dynamics was essentially deterministic. The next step is to account for all possible realizations of the noise. This goal can be achieved as follows.

The stochastic generalization of Equation (\[Average\]) is


H \psi(t).\label{FPEq}\end{aligned}$$

To establish the explicit expression for the SEO in Equation (\[FPOp0\]), one recalls that the noise variable and consequently the R.H.S. of Equation (\[SDE\]) are constant within all time intervals, including the last one $$\begin{aligned}
\left.{\mathcal F}(xt)\right|_{t_{N}>t>t_{N-1}} = {\mathcal F}_{N}(x) \equiv F(x) + (2\Theta)^{1/2}e_a(x) \xi^a_{N}, \end{aligned}$$ and that $$\begin{aligned}
\hat{\mathcal{M}}_{t_Nt_{N-1}} = \langle M^*_{t_{N-1} t_N}\rangle_\text{Ns} = \langle e^{-\Delta t \hat{\mathcal{L}}_{{\mathcal F}_N}}\rangle_\text{Ns},\label{Pullback1}\end{aligned}$$ as follows from the definition of the Lie derivative in Equation (\[DefinitionLie\]). Using the linearity of the Lie derivative in its vector field, $$\begin{aligned}
\hat{\mathcal{L}}_{{\mathcal F}_N} = \hat{\mathcal{L}}_{F} + (2\Theta)^{1/2}\xi^a_N \hat{\mathcal{L}}_{e_a},\label{Linearity}\end{aligned}$$

Equations (\[AverageNoise\]), (\[AverageNoise1\]), (\[FPOp0\]) and (\[Pullback1\]), one arrives at $$\begin{aligned}
\hat H = \hat{\mathcal{L}}_{F} - \Theta \hat{\mathcal{L}}_{e_a}\hat{\mathcal{L}}_{e_a}.\label{FPOp}\end{aligned}$$

The physical meaning of the two terms in the SEO (\[FPOp\]) is clear. The first term is the deterministic flow along $F$, and the second termimportant properties of the eigensystem of the SEO are discussed. For simplicity, it is assumed that the phase space is closed, the noise-induced metric $g^{ij}$ is positive definite everywhere on $X$, $\Theta>0$ so that the SEO is elliptic, and $\hat H$ is diagonalizable, with a discrete spectrum bounded from below. It is natural to believe that most of the claims here hold true or are at least transformative to more general classes of models.

### Fermion Number Conservation

The SEO is of “zeroth” degree, *i.e.*, $deg \hat H = 0$ (see the definition of the degree of an operator in Equation (\[BiGRadedCommutator\])). This means that it does not mix wavefunctions of different degrees. As a result, the operator of the degree of the differential form in Equation (\[K\_Operator\]) is commutative with


$\star^{-1}$ is the inverse of the Hodge star defined in Section \[sec:HodgeStar\], and the following has been used: $$\begin{aligned}
\star^{-1} \hat H_{\mathfrak{T}} \star \phi^* = ( \star^{-1} \hat H_{\mathfrak{T}} \star \phi)^*\label{ComplexCommute}\end{aligned}$$ because both $\hat H_{\mathfrak{T}}$ and $\star$ are real. Equations (\[Conjugate\]) and (\[EqualAdditional\_1\]) give $$\begin{aligned}
\hat H^\dagger = \star^{-1} \hat H_{\mathfrak{T}} \star.\label{HDaggerExpression}\end{aligned}$$

The next goal is to examine the properties of the model with respect to the time-reversal operation. One first notes that Equation (\[FPOpRev\]) is the SEO of the SDE obtained from Equation (\[SDE\]) by reversing the flow of time: $$\begin{aligned}
\dot x = - \mathcal{F} (x).\label{SDEReversed}\end{aligned}$$

In other words, the “naive”reversal of time $$\begin{aligned}
\mathfrak{T}: F \to -F, e_a \to -e_a\label{MathfrakT}\end{aligned}$$ has the following effect on the SEO: $$\begin{aligned}
\mathfrak{T}: \hat H \to \hat H_{\mathfrak{T}}\label{HMathfrak}\end{aligned}$$ in the original stochastic evolution in Equation (\[FPEq\]).

Let usa consequence of the fact that continuous(-time) dynamics preserves the continuity of the phase space, as previously mentioned in Section \[Intro:Relation\].

Note also that not all possible evolution operators that commute with $\hat d$ are necessarily $\hat d$-exact as in Equation (\[DExactFPOperator\]). A $\hat d$-exact evolution operator implies more than simply the commutativity with $\hat d$. As will be discussed below, the additional implication of a $\hat d$-exact evolution operator is that all the $\hat d$-symmetric eigenstates have a zero eigenvalue.

In terms of the fermionic variables of Section \[SecFermionVar\], the exterior derivative substitutes commuting or bosonic variables with anticommuting or fermionic ones. Therefore, it can be identified as a supersymmetry.

### Topological Supersymmetry *vs.* $N=2$ Supersymmetry {#Top_vs_Susy}

The topological supersymmetry operator is the same for all SDEs. The operator does not contain


that mimic chaotic behavior, namely, the so-called expanding models, the eigenvalues of the ground states must be real [@Rue02].

There are no other limitations. To convince oneself, one needs at least one example for each of the two types of SEO spectra with spontaneously broken supersymmetry (Figure \[Figure\_3\_2\]b,c). These examples must not necessarily be analytical. Well-established numerical examples are sufficient. Such examples exist in the theory of the magnetohydrodynamical phenomenon of kinetic dynamo (KD), as was very recently found in [@Torsten] and discussed briefly in Appendix \[sec:Appendix\_KD\]. Thus, both types of the supersymmetry breaking spectra in Figure \[Figure\_3\_2\] are realizable.

Witten Index {#SecWittenPartFuncIntroduced}
------------

One of the fundamental partition-function-like objects is the ”sharp trace” of the finite-time SEO known in supersymmetric quantum theory as the Witten index: $$\begin{aligned}
W_{tt'} &=& \text{Tr} (-1)^{\hat k} \hat{\mathcal M}_{tt'}  = \text{Tr} (-1)^{\hat k} e^{-\hat H(t-t')} = \sum\nolimits_{n} (-1)^{k_n} e^{-\mathcal{E}_n(t-t')}.\label{WittenIndex}\end{aligned}$$

It was previously established that all the eigenstates with non-zero eigenvalues are non-$\hat d$-symmetric. They come in pairs of even and odd degrees. Thus, their contributions cancel out from the Witten index. Only $\hat d$-symmetric eigenstates with zero eigenvalue contribute to the Witten index, which is thus independent of the duration of the time evolution: $$\begin{aligned}
W_{tt'} \equiv W = \sum\nolimits_{k=0}^D (-1)^k b_k,\end{aligned}$$ where $b_k$ is the number of $\hat d$-symmetric states of degree $k$. If one believes that each de Rahm cohomology class provides one $\hat d$-symmetric state, then $b_k$ are the Betti numbers, and $W$ equals the Euler characteristic of $X$, $Eu(X)$.

The next goal is to discuss the physical meaning of Equations (\[WittenIndex\]) and (\[PartitionFunction\])


Equation (\[DefinitionOfTangentMap\]). One arrives now at $$\begin{aligned}
W = \sum\nolimits_{k=0}^D (-1)^k \text{Tr}_{\Omega^k(X)}\langle M^*_{t't}\rangle_\text{Ns},\end{aligned}$$ which is yet another version of Equation (\[WittenIndex\]).

The Witten index in Equation (\[WittenIndex2\]) can be given as

\[WittenIndex3\] $$\begin{aligned}
W = \left\langle I_L \right\rangle_{\text{Ns}},\end{aligned}$$ where $$\begin{aligned}
I_{L} = \sum_{x=M_{tt'}(x)} \text{sign }\text{det} (\hat 1_{TX} - TM_{t't}(x))\label{Lefschetz1}\end{aligned}$$

is known as the Lefschetz index of the map $M_{t't}$. The Lefschetz–Hopf theorem states that, under some general conditions, $$\begin{aligned}
I_L = \sum\nolimits_{k=0}^D (-1)^D \text{Tr}_{H^k(X)} M^*_{t't},\end{aligned}$$ where the trace is over the de Rahm cohomology $H^k(X)$. In the limit $t'\to t$, when $M_{tt'}\to\text{Id}_X$, the Lefschetz index reduces to the signed sum of the Betti numbers, *i.e.*, to the Euler characteristics of $X$. On the other hand, it was previously established that $W$ is independent of $t$. This leads to the conclusion that the Witten index equals theof deterministic chaos is the spontaneous breakdown of the topological supersymmetry. Even more convincing evidence that this is indeed so will be provided in Section \[Butterfly\], where it will be shown that the spontaneous breakdown of topological supersymmetry must always be accompanied by the emergence of the long-term memory of perturbations that must be associated with the famous butterfly effect.

In DS theory, there exists the so-called Shub conjecture (see, e.g., [@BookEntropy] and the references therein), stating that, for a sufficiently smooth map $M:X\to X$, the spectral radius of $M_*: H_*(X)\to H_*(X)$, where $H_*$ denotes the homology group, provides a lower bound for the topological entropy, *i.e.*, the central measure of chaos (see, e.g., [@TopEntropy1; @TopEntropy2] and the references therein). The spectral radius of the finite-time stochastic evolution operator


$\bar\chi$s in $X$. Equation (\[BeGradedPath\]) is the path integral version of Equation (\[BiGraded\]).

To perform the stochastic averaging, one can first separate the noise term in the action as $$\begin{aligned}
\tilde S(\Phi) = S_0(\Phi) + \int_{t'}^{t} d\tau y_a(\tau) \xi^a(\tau),\text{ } S_0(\Phi) = \{\mathcal{Q}, \Psi_0(\Phi)\},\end{aligned}$$ with $$\begin{aligned}
\Psi_0(\Phi) = i \int_{t'}^{t} d\tau \bar\chi_i(\tau) (\dot x(\tau) - F(x(\tau)))^i,\label{PsiZero}\end{aligned}$$ and $$\begin{aligned}
y_a(\tau) = \{ \mathcal{Q}, -i(2\Theta)^{1/2}\bar\chi_i(\tau) e^i_a(x(\tau)) \}.\label{ys}\end{aligned}$$

As a next step, one can integrate out the noise field, which is no longer assumed to be Gaussian white. The noise, however, remains assumed physical so that the path integration over all the noise configurations remains well defined.

Integrating out the noise transforms Equation (\[PathIntegralGTO\]) into the following [form]{}:

\[PathAfterStoch\] $$\begin{aligned}
\hat {\mathcal{M}}_{tt'} = \iint D'\Phi e^{S(\Phi)}, \label{PathIntegralGTO1}\end{aligned}$$ where the arguments of the finite-time SEO are dropped for brevity andfermionic momenta $$\begin{aligned}
i\hat B_i = \partial/\partial x^i, i\hat{\bar\chi}_i = \partial/\partial\chi^i.\label{SignAmbiguity}\end{aligned}$$

The sign in front of the bosonic momentum is unambiguous because this operator acts on the ordinary commuting variables. In contrary, the sign in front of the fermionic momentum operator is ambiguous or rather can be established unambiguously only by a tedious exercise of carefully tracking all the signs associated with the relative positions of the anticommuting variables and their differentials. There is a simpler way, however, of accomplishing this task. One can demand that the bi-graded commutator of the exterior derivative in the operator representation act in the same way as the operator of the $\mathcal Q$-differentiation in the path integral representation. In other words, because $$\begin{aligned}
\{\mathcal{Q}, (x^i,\chi^i,B_i,\hat {\bar\chi}_i)\} = (\chi^i,0,0,B_i),
\label{ActionByQ}\end{aligned}$$ which is just another version of Equation


All other eigenstates provide exponentially vanishing contributions that can be neglected. Therefore, $$\begin{aligned}
= (-1)^p \sum\nolimits_g \langle \psi_g| e^{-(t^+-t_k') {\mathcal E}_g} \hat O^{\alpha_k'}\hat {\mathcal M}_{t_k't_{k-1}'}...\hat {\mathcal M}_{t_2't_1'} \hat O^{\alpha_1'} e^{-(t_1' - t^-) {\mathcal E}_g}  |\psi_g\rangle.\label{Intermed1}\end{aligned}$$

For the spectra presented in Figures \[Figure\_3\_2\]a and \[Figure\_3\_2\]b, the eigenvalue of the ground states is unique, and the situation is relatively simple. For example, the partition function takes the following form: $$\begin{aligned}
&Z_{t^+t^-} (0) = \sum_g \langle \psi_g| e^{-(t^+-t^-){\mathcal E}_g}|\psi_g\rangle = N_g e^{-(t^+-t^-){\mathcal E}_g},\label{Intermed2}\end{aligned}$$ where $N_g$ is the number of the groundstates. When ${\mathcal E}_g\ne0$, $N_g=2$ because the ground states are the bosonic-fermionic pair. In the case ${\mathcal E}_g=0$, *i.e.*, the situation of unbroken supersymmetry, the ground states are $\hat d$-symmetric, and $N_g$ must be the sum of the Betti numbers because each de Rahmon the SEO as $$\begin{aligned}
\hat H \to \hat H_U = \Theta [\hat d_U, \hat d_U^\dagger], \label{HU}\end{aligned}$$ where $$\begin{aligned}
\hat d_U &=& e^{U/(2\Theta)}\hat d e^{-U/(2\Theta)} = \chi^i\left(\frac\partial{\partial x^i} - U_{'i}/2\Theta\right),\\
\hat {\bar d}_U &=& \frac\partial{\partial\chi^i} \delta^{ij} \left(-U_{'j}/2 - \Theta \frac\partial{\partial x^j}\right) = \Theta\hat d_U^\dagger,\end{aligned}$$ with $(\chi^i)^\dagger=\delta^{ij} \partial/\partial\chi^j$ and $(\partial/\partial x^i)^\dagger = - \partial/\partial x^i$.

Because $\hat H$ and $\hat H_U$ are related via a similarity transformation, their spectra are identical. As to the eigenstates, they are related as $$\begin{aligned}
| \psi \rangle = e^{-U/2\Theta}|\psi_{U}\rangle, \text{ and }
\langle \psi | = \langle\psi_{U}| e^{U/2\Theta}.\label{relationWF}\end{aligned}$$

Up to the factor $\Theta$, the operator $\hat H_U$ is the Hermitian Hamiltonian of $N=2$ supersymmetric quantum mechanics. Its spectrum is real and non-negative. This implies that the topological supersymmetry is never broken in this class of models as long as there


the $\hat d$-symmetry is spontaneously broken or not depending on whether its flow vector field is non-integrable (chaotic) or integrable in the sense of DS theory. The stochastic generalization of this picture is the subject of interest in this subsection.

One important thing to note is that in the high-temperature limit, the SEO (\[FPOp\]) is dominated by the diffusion Laplacian. In a wide class of models (e.g., torsion-free vielbeins [@Ovc14]) the diffusion Laplacian equals the Hodge Laplacian (\[HodgeLaplacian\]). The latter has real and non-negative spectra, which correspond to the unbroken $\hat d$-symmetry, so that the $\hat d$-symmetry must always be unbroken at sufficiently large temperatures. Only models of this type are of interest here. It can be said that the noise destroys the DLRO at sufficiently high temperatures inremembers the braining between the vortices may as well be approximated as a (chiral) gauge field. Such an LEET would appear somewhat reminiscent of the Schwartz-type topological field theories used in models related to the concept of topological quantum computing. Somewhere down this line of thinking it may turn out that some complex DSs may be useful for the purposes of natural computing. Thus, the development of the methodology of the LEET for the STS may prove fruitful from the point of view of the recent search for new computational paradigms.

Apart from the methodology of the LEET, there are many other open questions in the STS, even in the interpretational side of the theory. For example, what happens to the wavefunction when one observes/measures variables? It was argued in Section


t = 0} = \left.\frac{\partial {\mathcal F}_n^i(x)}{\partial t}\right|_{\Delta t = 0} = {\mathcal F}^i_{n'j}(x) \left.\frac{\partial x^i}{\partial t}\right|_{\Delta t = 0} = {\mathcal F}^i_{n'j}(x) {\mathcal F}_n^j(x);\end{aligned}$$ thus, the quantity in Equation (\[Taylorx\]) becomes $$\begin{aligned}
\Delta x^i = {\mathcal F}_n^i(x)\Delta t + \frac12 {\mathcal F}^i_{n'j}(x) {\mathcal F}_n^j(x)\Delta t^2 + ... \label{Taylorx1} \end{aligned}$$

Comparing this equation with Equation (\[DeltaX1\]), one concludes that the Stratonovich choice of $\alpha=1/2$ must always be used for the continuous-time picture of temporal evolution.

Concerning the Ito interpretation of SDEs, it is often said that, unlike all other interpretations, the Ito approach respects the Markovian property in the sense that the increment $\Delta x_n$ or, equivalently, the final point $x_n=x_{n-1}+\Delta x_n$ is a function of only $x_{n-1}$ and not of $x_{n}$. This advantage of Ito SDEs, however, is a misinterpretation. shared formal Integer? lastIndex;

    "The number of elements in this list, always
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    shared actual default Integer size
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        }
        return [];
    }

    "Trim the elements satisfying the given [[predicate
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        clone() => outer.clone().reversed;

        iterator()
                => let (outerList = outer)
        in Parma, Italy. Like many indie developers, we’ve built a few apps over the past decade of, well… let’s say, “varying success.” Bear has been a surprise, breakout hit, and we are incredibly humbled and grateful.

We like being indie developers, and we’ve never taken outside investment. Basically, our main source of income as a company is now Bear Pro. We want to build the Bear that we want and that you like enough to use and tell all your friends. In other words: the only people we answer to is you.

However, this also means that Bear might evolve differently than products from other companies.

We aren’t going on hiring sprees or moving into increasingly extravagant office spaces with on-site masseuses and Segways. While we have hired a couple more


people to help build Bear, we want to stay lean, and we want to keep Bear lean, too.

We have plenty of features and improvements on our roadmap, and we always want to hear your feedback. But some things might simply take more time for us to build than the large tech companies. There might even be some features we decide are not a good fit for Bear — we don’t want it to be everything to everyone. We want Bear to be Bear.

When we make those decisions, we’ll try to be as transparent as possible, as soon as possible, so you can decide whether Bear is the right fit for your needs.

We’re here to stay

We could make a grand statement that we plan to be here for decadeswant to be responsible for the Terminators? Yeah, neither do we.

Now, back to writing

To summarize: we love making great software for you. We don’t take outside funding and don’t want to. You’re the boss (within reason, of course). Bear is private by default. Your data is always free to go, yet we’d love if you join us on this journey to make Bear the best place for your notes and prose.


Thursday, May 12, 2011

B-Squares: Modular Solar Power for Gadgets

I'm a backer! B-Squares is a project on Kickstarter, which means that they need a commitment of a certain amount from any number of backers in order to move forward, and backers don't have to pay anything if they don't reach the threshold for funding. It's small-scale venture capitalism.

B-Squares aims to commercially produce hackable, modular solar powered gadgets. It has both an Arduino module and a "proto" module that pretty much has a blank PCB (printed circuit board) in it for you to play with. Through those two modules I think there are a ton of opportunities for neat little things, remote sensing stations in particular. Put them inside big pickle jars on poles and you can have a pretty#!/usr/bin/env python
# Copyright 2014 the V8 project authors. All rights reserved.
# Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
# modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
# met:
#
#     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
#       notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
#     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
#       copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following
#       disclaimer in the documentation and/or other materials provided
#       with the distribution.
#     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
#


      contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived
#       from this software without specific prior written permission.
#
# THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
# "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
# LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
# A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
# OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
# SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
# LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
# DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
# THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
# (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN\in L^2 ({\ensuremath{\mathcal O}}).$$

Let $K\subset [0,T[\times\bar{\mathcal{O}}$ be compact, $v\in\mathcal{P}$ is said to be *$\nu-$superior* than 1 on $K$, if there exists a sequence $v_n\in\mathcal{P}$ with $v_n\geq1\ a.e.$ on a neighborhood of $K$ converging to $v$ in $L^2(0,T;H^1(\mathcal{O}))$.

We denote:$$\mathscr{S}_K=\{v\in\mathcal{P};\ v\ is\ \nu-superior\
to\ 1\ on\ K\}.$$

(Proposition 2.1 in [@PIERRE]) Let $K\subset [0,T[\times\bar{\mathcal{O}}$ compact, then $\mathscr{S}_K$ admits a smallest $v_K\in\mathcal{P}$ and the measure $\nu^v_K$ whose support is in $K$ satisfies $$\int_0^T\int_{\bar{\mathcal{O}}}d\nu^v_K=\inf_{v\in\mathcal{P}}\{\int_0^T\int_{\bar{\mathcal{O}}}d\nu^v;\ v\in\mathscr{S}_K\}.$$

(Parabolic Capacity)

-   Let $K\subset [0,T[\times\bar{\mathcal{O}}$ be compact, we define $cap(K)=\int_0^T\int_{\bar{\mathcal{O}}}d\nu^v_K$;

-   let $O\subset
    [0,T[\times\bar{\mathcal{O}}$ be open, we define $cap(O)=\sup\{cap(K);\
    K\subset O\ compact\}$;

-   for any borelian $E\subset [0,T[\times\bar{\mathcal{O}}$, we define $cap(E)=\inf\{cap(O);\
    O\supset E\ open\}$.

A property is said to hold quasi-everywhere (in short q.e.) if it holds outside