The study protocol was approved by the Human Experimentation and Ethics Committees of the Sun Yat-Sen University (Guangzhou, China), and all subjects signed a written informed consent form. All experiments were conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki.

### Blood collection

All subjects underwent clinical assessment, including pulmonary function tests and a 12-lead electrocardiogram. Fasting venous blood samples (20 ml) were collected into heparinized tubes during the first 24 h of hospital admission, to allow fora CD34^+^ assay. The plasma was then immediately recovered via centrifugation (4°C, 2,000 × g, 20 min) and frozen at −80°C. C-reactive protein (CRP) was assessed using a high sensitivity CRP (hsCRP) test, using latex immunoturbidimetry according to the manufacturer\'s protocol (Orion Diagnostica Ltd., Espoo, Finland).

### EPC isolation and purification

Total blood cell counts wereGermany), anti-human CD133-phycoerythrin (1:50; Miltenyi Biotec GmbH), mouse anti-human VEGFR2-allophycocyanin (APC) primary (1:50) and rabbit anti-mouse-APC secondary (1:200; Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Inc., Dallas, TX, USA) antibodies, and subsequently analyzed by flow cytometry as previously described ([@b15-mmr-16-04-5294]). Cell suspensions were prepared in PBS containing 1% (vol/vol) FCS, using 2% bovine serum albumin (Sigma-Aldrich; Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany) to block non-specific antigens on the cells.

### Human EPC cultivation

Purified CD34^+^MNCs (2×10^6^) were plated in 2 ml endothelial growth medium on recombinant human gelatin (Prospec-Tany TechnoGene Ltd.) -coated 6-well plates. After \~10 days incubation, the medium was changed and nonadherent cells were removed. The attached early-EPCs appeared elongated and spindle-shaped. Early-EPC characteristics and phenotype were assessed by flow cytometry as previously described ([@b11-mmr-16-04-5294]).

### EPC characterization

Early EPCs were characterized as adherent cells that


relationship between AECOPD and reduced number and function of EPCs remain to be determined, howeverthey may be related to enhanced inflammation and associated endothelial dysfunction, thus serving a key role in atherogenesis. Recombinant human CRP directly inhibits EPC differentiation, survival and function, at concentrations known to predict adverse vascular outcomes ([@b32-mmr-16-04-5294]). In the present study, hsCRP levels were significantly increased in patients with AECOPD. The enhanced inflammation observed in patients with AECOPD may therefore suppress the number and function of circulating EPCs, thus resulting in attenuated vascular repair.

Collectively, the present study detected hypoproliferation and depressed migration, adhesion and tube formation, indicating decreased EPC number and increased dysfunction in AECOPD patients. The results demonstrated that the EPC-based capacity for repair was affected in patients with AECOPD, which may contributePakistanis abroad.

The chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, Adm. Mike Mullen, arrived in Islamabad on Wednesday for the second time in two weeks, reflecting the sense of alarm in the Obama administration. He was scheduled to meet with Pakistan’s top military and intelligence commanders.

The takeover of Buner (pronounced boo-NAIR) is particularly significant because the people there have tried in the past year to stand up to the Taliban by establishing small private armies to fight the militants. Last year when the militants encroached into Buner, killing policemen, the local people fought back and forced the militants out.

But with a beachhead in neighboring Swat, and a number of training camps for fresh recruits, the Taliban were able to carry out what amounted to an invasion of Buner.

“The training


in the bowl.
....
There is a total of 6 apple in the bowl.
Max number of apples.

A:

When you call the .run() method on a Runnable directly within another thread, you simply add that "thread" to the same stack (i.e. it runs as a single thread).
You should instead wrap the Runnable in a new thread and use .start() to execute the thread.
Apple apple = new Apple(ingredient);
Thread t = new Thread(apple);
t.start();

Strawberry strawberry = new Strawberry(ingredient);
Thread t2 = new Thread(strawberry);
t2.start();

You're still calling the run() method directly. Instead, you have to call the start() method, which calls run() indirectly in a new thread. See edit.

= 3;
        }
    }
    /**
     * get error string based on error code
     *
     * @param   String msg
     */
    public String getErrorString(){
        String msg = "";
        switch (error){
        case 0:
            msg = UNKNOWN_ERROR;


an adjudication as to the liability of the non-defaulting defendant(s). If joint liability is decided against the defending party and in favor of the plaintiff, plaintiff is then entitled to a judgment against all of the defendants  both the defaulting and non-defaulting defendants. If joint liability is decided against the plaintiff on the merits or that he has no present right of recovery, as distinguished from an adjudication for the non-defaulting defendant on a defense personal to him, the complaint should be dismissed as to all of the defendants  both the defaulting and the non-defaulting defendants." 6 Moore's Federal Practice ¶ 55.06, at 55-81 (2d ed. 1976); 10 Wright & Miller, Federal Practice and Procedure: Civil § 2690 (1973); Wall v. Benningfield, 237 Ga. 173 (227a lot of energy and want to make sure it's as clean as possible."

Additionally, Facebook has not only taken these efforts open source, but it has moved to create a "collaborative process," Weihl said. Vendors and other companies work with Facebook to build its data center components in order "to get to a much better place collectively" with a center's environmental friendliness. In the meantime, Facebook has continued its near-decade long experiments with how it builds and powers data centers. Today, Facebook stores the billions of cat pictures and other images users share for perpetuity in a drastically different way than even a year or two ago—and it's all in the name of reducing power consumption.

Cold storage

Sean Gallagher

You wouldn't think a few cat pictures could consume so much


load up images soon. You could make a decision to turn off not just the backups, but all the copies of older stuff, and keep only the primaries of recent stuff spinning."

Wringing out efficiency

When it comes to measuring data center efficiency, the unit that is generally thrown around is called Power Usage Effectiveness (PUE). This is a ratio of how much of a data center's power is actually used by the servers, switches, routers, and disks, and the total amount of power delivered to the data center. The lower the PUE number, the better.

Ten years ago, data centers that had a PUE of 2.5 were common, meaning that more than half the power they brought in from the wire was either used for things other than computing power(like cooling and lighting) or lost during conversions from AC to DC and changes in voltage. Today, data centers in general have improved somewhat. A 2014 survey by the Uptime Institute found that the average self-reported PUE for large data centers had dropped to 1.7. But Facebook's data centers have gone to great lengths to increase efficiency: the average PUE for Facebook's Forest City data center over the last year was 1.08, meaning that a mere 8 kilowatts out of every 100 were used for something other than powering the racks. Facebook's infrastructure team once referred to this as the "negawatt"—the power they never had to consume.

Part of that efficiency comes from all the work Facebook has done to change the computing architecture of its data centers, and


Circuits)           Neural Pathways
  Transistor                         Neuron
  P--N Junction                      Synapse

Can a machine develop 'consciousness' and creative operations? Can it become an 'individual'? The answer is an emphatic 'No'. The ability to idealise about everything else, and itself, is unique to human consciousness.

Is consciousness a unique set of interconnections in the brain, a kind of flexible circuitboard? Undoubtedly, the basis of all mental activity is physical. But we have access to the higher operationsand in love. So in love that Yolanda is planning to buy him a plane. Let that marinate.

Afterward, Yolanda and Brandi pull Marisa to the side to discuss Adrienne's party. Yolanda is up front about the fact that she told Brandi everything. Brandi’s hurt that Marisa waited until she wasn't around, and Marisa starts to stammer out excuses, even saying that she saw Brandi's point. And Yolanda definitely isn't letting this BS slide, especially after Marisa agrees that Dean isn't her type, and that she would love to go sleep with somebody tall, dark and handsome, right now.

Of course, Faye has to come over to butt her nose into things. Brandi tells her to leave, and Faye tells her to "be a lady, for once." Y'all think Faye


for your convenience.

IMPORTANT: Your lifetime subscription for MacKeeper (1.x or 2.x) is not going to expire and you can continue using it with the relevant MK version (1.x or 2.x) as per normal.the 3 patients still available for study were each markedly impaired on a test of object recognition similar to the kind used to test recognition memory in nonhuman primates. Recognition memory impairment is a robust feature of human amnesia, even when damage is limited primarily to the hippocampus.


Q:

How to open this smoke detector in order to change battery?

I need to change battery for my home smoke detector, but I have no idea how to open this model.
I found many video tutorial on google, but have not seen any model similar to this one.
Does anyone have experience on this model?

A:

HEMS, the vendor, answered my enquiry.
There is actually a clip (first image in the original question) with an arrow mark on it.
The problem is that the mark is uncoloured, very difficult to be noticed from where I stand.
Push the clip to the left to release the lock, then pull down the whole thing.

You will find the latch hardly slides: it has to move about 1mm and then pull it down gently because the hook has awere even more substantial in the case of leptin and VEGF. After 4 h of hypoxia, leptin and VEGF mRNA levels were increased four to fivefold and rose such that at 24 h they were 29-fold and 23-fold greater than in controls, respectively (Fig. [6](#Fig6){ref-type="fig"}a). Again, after 16 h of reexposure to normoxia after 8 h in 1% O~2~, the mRNA level of these two adipokines had returned to normal. Fig. 6Time course of effects of hypoxia (1% O~2~) on adipokine gene expression in human adipocytes.Relative mRNA levels of FIAF, IL-6, leptin, MIF, PAI-1, VEGF (**a**) and adiponectin, haptoglobin, MCP-1, adipsin, TNF-α (**b**). Cells were cultured as in Fig. [5](#Fig5){ref-type="fig"}; some cells were transferred back to normoxic conditions (21% O~2~) for 1 or 16 h after 8 h of hypoxia (8- to 1- and 8- to 16-h


substantially under hypoxic condition, both with 1% O~2~ and by treatment with CoCl~2~. The elevated HIF-1α protein rapidly fell on return to 21% O~2~, and the level was even decreased compared to controls after 1 h of reoxygenation. Thus, the accumulated HIF-1α in human adipocytes is rapidly degraded on returning to normoxia. Indeed, it was observed in another human adipocyte system (SGBS cells) that HIF-1α protein declined to control levels by just 10 min after return to 21% O~2~ (Wang, unpublished results).

CoCl~2~, a known inducer of HIF-1α, has been widely employed as a hypoxia mimic and was used here to examine the effects of chemically induced hypoxia on adipokine gene expression. Previous studies have shown that at a global gene expression level, both CoCl~2~ and ambient hypoxia regulate a similarcanes per box

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same way functions like addition and multiplication are.

In the 1980s, you could look up from your Commodore 64, hours after purchasing it, with a glossy feeling of empowerment, achieved by the pattern of notes spewing from the speaker grille in an endless loop. You were part of the movement to help machines sing! You were a programmer! The Atari 800 people had BASIC. They know what I'm talking about. And the TI-994A guys don't need to say a word, because the TI could say it for them!

The rest is worth a read too, and that was written in 2003. He built Hackety Hack to help introduce kids to coding. Sounds a lot like the aims of the Pi Foundation.

One thing very few people seem to be discussing is3](#F0003){ref-type="fig"} show that in the overweight and obese individuals, there is an overheating on their plantar skin. Thus, the overheating of overweight and obese volunteers probes that the hypothalamus is not properly thermoregulating the plantar skin. However, the peripheral effectors, that participate in keeping or dissipating heat (vasoconstrictors, vasodilators, sweat glands, etc.), could also be altered. It may find an explanation by the fact that the excess of adipose tissue, which isolates thermally the human body, needs to dissipate more heat. However, from the thermograms on [Figure 3](#F0003){ref-type="fig"}, the asymmetric temperature distribution on the feet indicates local heat dissipation abnormalities.

The six thermograms of the plantar skin, shown in [Figure 5](#F0005){ref-type="fig"}, correspond to individuals with BMI ≥ 25 kg/m^2^ (the three on the top), while the three at the bottom


the individuals with BMI ≥ 25 kg/m^2^, while the three at the bottom are from the database of diabetic volunteers \[[@CIT0012]\]. The symbols ♀ and ♂ represent woman and man, respectively. The BMI of the individual is given at the central-top of each of the thermograms (given in kg/m^2^), and the HbA1c is given at the left-bottom for those thermograms of the diabetic patients.

In diabetes mellitus type 2, it had been shown that the peripheral vessels and nerves are damaged producing an irregular thermoregulation of both feet \[[@CIT0016]--[@CIT0018]\], which is easily corroborated from the thermograms on [Figure 4](#F0004){ref-type="fig"} since they differed a lot from those thermograms shown in [Figure 2](#F0002){ref-type="fig"}. Most of the literature concludes that the feet of the diabetic patients have temperature increased \[[@CIT0012],[@CIT0015]\]. This means, ifprofessionals like lawyers and accountants, will help cushion the blow, as will something as basic as the English language. "London is still top dog but it's clearly losing ground," said Moritz Kraemer, S&P's chief rating officer.

___

COST OF LIVING

The pound suffered the first and biggest hit from the Brexit vote, dropping nearly 20 cents from its pre-vote level of around $1.50 the day after the referendum. "You could have bought any major currency — even the Turkish lira — against the pound that day and be significantly in the money today," quipped Kit Juckes, a strategist at French bank Societe Generale. In the year since the vote, it's fallen further to 31-year lows before making a modest recovery to trade at $1.27 a year on. While that helped exporters,


to hold the key to their success but fate has other ideas after they are held up by a highwayman and a terrible betrayal is set into action, needless to say flesh eating zombies and an axe wielding horseman are not going to help things either... The Twelve Quests - Book 11, The Magic Tinderbox by Ana Fischel.The eleventh in this series of darkly quirky stories tells the woeful tale of 11 year old twins, Albert and Florence Leadington, who are forced to embark on an extraordinarily epic journey to complete twelve deadly quests in order to be remove a curse from their family - but you should know that by now - as the children find themselves in Denmark for the next stage of their short lives.emphasize consumption of fruits, vegetables and pulses, as well as cereals. Reshaping modern agriculture and food systems to be more nutrition-sensitive has been only a secondary concern of most nutrition programmes and policies. Instead, efforts to strengthen primary health care, and reduce deficiencies of specific micronutrients through supplementation and fortification have been favoured. These efforts, and those of agriculture to generate an abundance of affordable food, have been enormously important for reducing both severe acute and chronic malnutrition. However, the global landscape of malnutrition has shifted in recent decades.

Countries that have made impressive strides in reducing undernutrition (e.g. Brazil, China and Chile) have also experienced rapid increases in the prevalence of obesity and related chronic disease.[@R4] Unfortunately, many countries now face a double burden of undernutrition and obesity


that the agriculture, nutrition and health communities can leverage the potential for shared solutions across sectors to confront the challenge of improving nutrition and health and ending global hunger while protecting the global ecosystem services on which food production depends.

None declared.
0$ for all $T \in \mathcal T$.

In the particular case when $R = \mathbb Z$, and more generally when $R$ is a integral domain and $\mathcal T$ is the class of all torsion $R$-modules, we obtain thus the classical notions of a Baer group [@B] and a Baer module [@K]. It took quite a long time to prove that these notions actually coincide with the well–known notions of a free group and a projective module, respectively. Countable Baer groups were shown to be free already in 1936 by Baer [@B], but the arbitrary ones only in 1969 by Griffith [@G]. The projectivity of the classical Baer modules was also shown in two steps spreading over decades, however, in a different order. First, a reduction to countably presented modules


was proved by set–theoretic methods by Eklof, Fuchs and Shelah [@EFS] in 1990. Finally, the countably presented case has recently been settled in [@ABH].

In the present paper, we consider Baer modules over tame hereditary algebras, so our $\mathcal T$ is the class of all torsion modules in the sense of Ringel [@R] (see below for unexplained terminology). Baer modules in this sense have been studied since 1980’s, notably by Okoh and Lukas in [@O2], [@O3], and [@L2]. Their focus was on countably presented modules, but their results already indicated the complexity of the general case.

Here we take a different approach. First, in Section 1, we apply set–theoretic methods to prove a reduction to finitely presented modules. We infer that the Baer modules are precisely the modules filtered byplace where the Weak Diamond is used there is when $\lambda$ is regular and uncountable, for selecting a subfiltration with consecutive factors in ${}^\perp \mathcal T$ from a $\lambda$–filtration of $M$ consisting of modules in ${}^\perp \mathcal T$. However, this is possible by [@GT Theorem 4.3.2] since $\mathcal T$ is closed under arbitrary direct sums.

The implication 2. implies 1. is a particular case of the well–known Eklof Lemma (see e.g.[@GT Lemma 3.1.2]).

[*From now on, unless stated otherwise, we will assume that $R$ is an indecomposable tame hereditary artin algebra with standard duality $D\colon {\rm mod-}R\to R{\rm -mod}$ between right and left finitely generated $R$-modules, respectively*]{}.

We recall the notation of [@RR] and [@R]: ${\ensuremath{\mathbf{t}}}$ and ${\ensuremath{\mathbf{p}}}$ will denote representative sets of all indecomposable finitely generated regular, and preprojective, modules, respectively. Further,


factors finitely generated and preprojective, and hence $M$ is ${\ensuremath{\mathbf{p}}}$–filtered.

For the if–part, notice that since ${\ensuremath{\mathbf{p}}}\subseteq \mathcal B$, also ${\mathrm{add}}{\ensuremath{\mathbf{p}}}\subseteq \mathcal B$, that is, all finitely generated preprojective modules are Baer. So the claim follows Eklof’s Lemma [@GT Lemma 3.1.2].

Theorem \[characterization\] is analogous to the corresponding result for integral domains. In that case, however, one has to replace “preprojective" by “projective", so the existence of the filtration $\mathcal M$ already yields a direct sum decomposition, and hence projectivity, of $M$, cf. [@ABH] and [@EFS].

Being in a hereditary ring, a submodule of a Baer module is again Baer. However, the existence of a filtration of $M$ as in Theorem \[characterization\] implies existence of a large family of Baer submodules of $M$ such that also all consecutive factors in the familyalso cotilting modules) are pure injective, we deduce that torsion-free cotorsion modules are pure-injective.

2\. By Theorem \[characterization\] and [@GT 3.2.4] we have $\mathcal B={}^\perp ({\ensuremath{\mathbf{p}}}^\perp)={}^\perp (L ^\perp)$, and the first two claims follow. That $\mathcal B \cap \mathcal L =
{\mathrm{Add}}(L)$ follows from well–known properties of tilting cotorsion pairs (see e.g. [@GT §5.1]). Finally, if $F \in {\mathrm{Add}}L$ is finitely generated, then $F \in \mathcal B \cap {\mathrm{mod-}}R = {\mathrm{add}}({\ensuremath{\mathbf{p}}}) \subseteq \mathcal P$, so $F \in \mathcal P \cap \mathcal L
=\mathcal P \cap  {}^o{\ensuremath{\mathbf{p}}}= 0$.

\[Gadic\]

We observed on page that $\mathcal B\subseteq \varinjlim {\mathrm{add}}{\ensuremath{\mathbf{p}}}=\mathcal F$, and the finitely generated modules in both classes coincide (with the finitely generated preprojective modules). However, the two classes are different – that is, $G \in \mathcal F \setminus \mathcal B$ – because the class


only if its dual module is $\Sigma$-pure-injective.

\[corol\] Let $R$ be a tame hereditary algebra. A module $M$ is a Baer module if and only if there is an exact sequence $0 \to M \to L_1 \to L_2 \to 0$ where $L_1, L_2 \in {\mathrm{Add}}L$.

This follows from Proposition \[pairs\].(2) and from the well–known characterization of modules forming tilting cotorsion pairs (see e.g. [@GT Proposition 5.1.9]).

\[corola\] The following statements are equivalent for a module $M$.

1.  $M$ is torsion–free.

2.  $M$ is a pure-epimorphic image of direct sum of indecomposable preprojective modules.

3.  $M$ occurs as the end term in a pure–exact sequence $$0 \to N \to B \to M \to 0$$ with $B \in \mathcal B$ and $N \in {\mathrm{Add}}L$.

By Proposition \[pairs\].(1), each $M \in \mathcal F$ is a pure–epimorphicis $\Sigma$-pure-injective [@Le2 4.6] by using [@ZHZ Proposition 3 and Observation 8]. By [@via 2.3], a torsion-free module is (strict) Mittag-Leffler if and only if it belongs to the class ${\mathcal G}(P)$ of all locally split epimorphic images of modules in Add$P$. Moreover, it follows from [@via 3.4] that ${\mathcal G}(P)$ is preenveloping and coincides with the class of all s-pure submodules of direct products of finitely generated preprojective modules. The stated closure properties follow from condition (3) and [@RG 2.3.3] or [@via 2.3].

[(1) The modules in Proposition \[strict\] are preprojective, but not necessarily Baer, see Example \[Q\]. Also, there are preprojectives that are not separable, see [@Okohsep Introduction]. A characterization of pure-projective preprojectives can be found in [@Okohsep 2.4].\
(2) The module $L$ is an example of a Baer


under direct sums, and let $\mathcal{Q}$ be a class of left $R$-modules. Assume there exists a direct system of finitely presented modules $(F_\alpha,u_{\beta \,\alpha})_{\beta
\,\alpha \in I  }$ with $M=\varinjlim F_\alpha$ such that the inverse system $({\operatorname{Hom}_{R}(F_\alpha,B)}, {\operatorname{Hom}_{R}(u_{\beta
\,\alpha},B)})_{\beta \,\alpha \in I  }$ satisfies the Mittag-Leffler condition for any right $R$-module $B\in \mathcal{B}$.

If for every $Q\in\mathcal{Q}$ and every $\alpha\in I$ there exists a map $f_\alpha\colon F_\alpha\to B_\alpha$ such that $B_\alpha\in\mathcal{B}$ and $f_\alpha\otimes_RQ$ is a monomorphism, then $M$ is a $\mathcal{Q}$-Mittag-Leffler module.

\[limit\] Let $R$ be a ring, and let $\mathcal{S}$ be a class of finitely presented modules. Let $B$ be a module such that $\mathcal{S}\subseteq
\mathrm{Add}\, (B)$. If $M$ is a module in $\varinjlim \mathcal{S}$, then the following statements are equivalent:

-   $M$ is Mittag-Leffler.

-   There existssystem $({\operatorname{Hom}_{R}(F_\alpha,B')}, {\operatorname{Hom}_{R}(u_{\beta \,\alpha},B')})_{\beta \,\alpha \in I }$ satisfies the Mittag-Leffler condition. Since $F_\alpha \in \mathrm{Add}\, (B)$, we can apply Proposition \[Prop1\], taking $f_\alpha =\mathrm{Id}\colon
F_\alpha \to F_\alpha$ and $\mathcal{Q}=R$-Mod, to deduce that $M$ is a Mittag-Leffler module.

Now we come back to tame hereditary algebras.

Let $R$ be a tame hereditary artin algebra. Let $P$ be the direct sum of the modules in ${\ensuremath{\mathbf{p}}}$, and let $T$ be the direct sum of the modules in ${\ensuremath{\mathbf{t}}}$.

-   A torsion-free module $M$ is Mittag-Leffler if and only if there exists a direct system of finitely presented modules $(F_\alpha,u_{\beta \,\alpha})_{\beta \,\alpha \in I  }$ with $M=\varinjlim F_\alpha$ such that the inverse system $({\operatorname{Hom}_{R}(F_\alpha,P)}, {\operatorname{Hom}_{R}(u_{\beta
    \,\alpha},P)})_{\beta \,\alpha \in I  }$ satisfies the Mittag-Leffler condition.

-   A torsion


left hand holds a crystal sphere.

"The word 'masterpiece' barely begins to convey the rarity, importance and sublime beauty of Leonardo's painting," said Alan Wintermute from Christie's, the auction house that conducted the sale.

He described the artwork as "the Holy Grail of old master paintings".

A backer of the auction had guaranteed a bid of at least $US100 million, the opening price of the auction, which ran for 19 minutes.

People in the auction house gallery applauded and cheered when the bidding reached $US300 million about halfway through, and when the hammer came down on the final bid, $US400 million.

The record sale price of $US450 million includes the buyer's premium, a fee paid by the winner to the auction house.

The painting attracted huge public interest at exhibitions ahead of its sale.spatio-temporal regulation of replication makes interpretation of these data difficult. As a result, computational models are necessary to analyze the mechanism of DNA replication and understand how regulation of origin activation and fork elongation impact its dynamics.

Substantial stochasticity of replication forks' speeds has been observed in *in vitro* biophysical studies of individual forks \[[@pcbi.1007519.ref011]\] and in DNA combing and 2D gel analysis in *S. cerevisiae* \[[@pcbi.1007519.ref011]--[@pcbi.1007519.ref016]\]. Nevertheless, previous models assumed that forks' speed was not stochastic (i.e. did not vary between forks) \[[@pcbi.1007519.ref007], [@pcbi.1007519.ref017]--[@pcbi.1007519.ref030]\]. Moreover, previous models used only population-wide data and typically employed origin-to-origin comparison for validation and parameter selection \[[@pcbi.1007519.ref022]--[@pcbi.1007519.ref024], [@pcbi.1007519.ref030]\]. Such an approach can elucidate information about origin average firing time and efficiency (i.e. percentage of cells in which origin is fired), but it cannot


from a Gaussian probability distribution with a global average speed *μ*~*v*~ and standard deviation *σ*~*v*~. Forks stop when they encounter a fork traveling from another direction.

Impact of stochasticity of forks' speeds on the dynamics of DNA replication {#sec005}
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

First we will illustrate the impact of variance in forks' speeds on the distribution of the DNA tracks by analyzing single origin of replication. In [Fig 2](#pcbi.1007519.g002){ref-type="fig"} we show the distribution of DNA tracks (Δ*x*) for constant (*σ*~*v*~ = 0) and variable (*σ*~*v*~ ≠ 0) forks' speeds and for single origin. The difference between variable and constant forks' speeds are especially pronounced later in the S phase, while the average length of DNA track remains similar for both models. We have shown ([Methods](#sec019){ref-type="sec"} [Eq 6](#pcbi.1007519.e038){ref-type="disp-formula"}) that $\sigma_{\Delta x}^{2}$ can be approximatedIt has been proposed in \[[@pcbi.1007519.ref012], [@pcbi.1007519.ref013], [@pcbi.1007519.ref035]\] that the slope of the replication profile curve between successive minimums and maximums can be interpreted as the average forks' speed in that region. However, such assumption is not valid because of the complexity of replication profile, which is affected by many parameters including temporal profile of the origins activation and speeds of the forks emanating from them. This point is illustrated in [Fig 6](#pcbi.1007519.g006){ref-type="fig"}, where we simulated such a curve based on stochastically variable forks' speed and experimentally derived intervals of origin firing. Even though the forks' speed does not depend on the genomic location, the slope of the curve, proposed to be proportional to the forks' speed, changes substantially between genomic regions. [Fig 6](#pcbi.1007519.g006){ref-type="fig"} shows that deriving the


---
abstract: |
    We study Toral’s Parrondo games with $N$ players and one-dimensional spatial dependence as modified by Xie et al. Specifically, we use computer graphics to sketch the Parrondo and anti-Parrondo regions for $3\le N\le 9$. Our work was motivated by a recent paper of Li et al., who applied a state space reduction method to this model, reducing the number of states from $2^N$ to $N+1$. We show that their reduced Markov chains are inconsistent with the model of Xie et al.

    *Key words and phrases*: Markov chain, equivalence class, lumpability, dihedral group, Parrondo’s paradox, cooperative Parrondo games.
author:
- 'S. N. Ethier[^1]  and Jiyeon Lee[^2]'
title: 'Parrondo games with spatial dependence, III'
---

Introduction {#intro}
============

The Parrondo effect refers to a reversal in direction of some systemal. [@X11] introduced a more spatially dependent version of game $A$, which we will refer to as game $A'$. This game amounts to a loss of one unit by a randomly chosen player together with a win of one unit by a randomly chosen nearest neighbor of that player. (This differs from the description in [@X11] but it is probabilistically equivalent.) Li et al. [@L14] used a state space reduction method to study games $A'$, $B$, and $C':=\gamma A'+(1-\gamma)B$ analytically. However, their method results in Markov chains that are not directly related to the model of Xie et al.

Let us explain what we mean by state space reduction, and what is required for it to be successful.

In general, consider an equivalence relation $\sim$ on a finite set $E$. By definition,


p_0^2 p_2 - 4 p_0 p_2^2 - 8 p_0^2 p_2^2\nonumber\\
 &&\quad{} - 4 (1-p_0 + p_2 + 2 p_0^2 + 2 p_0 p_2) (1-p_2) p_1\nonumber\\
 &&\quad{} + 2 (1 + 4 p_0 - p_0^2 - 2 p_0 p_2 - p_2^2) p_1^2].\end{aligned}$$ On the other hand, if we use the equivalence relation of [@L14], we can compute the right-hand side of , but it yields only an approximation of $\mu_B$, which we denote by $\hat\mu_B$: $$\begin{aligned}
\label{muB-approx}
\hat\mu_B&=&[-(9 + 6 p_0 - 12 p_2 - 3 p_0^2 - 8 p_0 p_2 + 3 p_2^2 + 2 p_0^2 p_2 +
 2 p_0 p_2^2) \nonumber\\
 &&\quad{}+ 2 (6 + 5 p_0 - 7 p_2 + p_0^2 - 4 p_0 p_2 + p_2^2) p_1 -
 4 (1 - p_0 - p_2) p_1^2]\nonumber\\
**19** (2013) 163–194.

N.-G. Xie, Y. Chen, Y. Ye, G. Xu, L.-G. Wang, and C. Wang, Theoretical analysis and numerical simulation of Parrondo’s paradox game in space, *Chaos Solitons Fractals* **44** (2011) 401–414.

Y.-F. Li, S.-Q. Ye, K.-X. Zheng, N.-G. Xie, Y. Ye, and L. Wang, A new theoretical analysis approach for a multi-agent spatial Parrondo’s game, *Phys. A* **407** (2014) 369–379.

J. G. Kemeny and J. L. Snell, *Finite Markov Chains*, 2nd Ed. Springer-Verlag, New York, 1976.

S. N. Ethier and J. Lee, Parrondo games with spatial dependence, II, *Fluct. Noise Lett.* **11** (2012) 1250030 1–18.

S. N. Ethier and J. Lee, Limit theorems for Parrondo’s paradox, *Electron. J. Probab.* **14** (2009) 1827–1862.

[^1]: Department of Mathematics, University of Utah, 155 South 1400 East, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA. e-mail: ethier@math.utah.edu. Partially


3.1% in 2013 to 5.0% in 2015 respectively.

Comparisons of severity measures {#sec3-4}
--------------------------------

Patients with A/H1 had a higher risk of being admitted to ICU (RR 2.74 95% CI 1.52--4.93, *P* = 0.001), requiring ventilation (RR 2.50, 95% CI 1.11--5.59, *P* = 0.026) or developing pneumonia (RR 1.68 95% CI 1.27--2.23, *P* \< 0.001) than did patients with A/H3. These patients also had longer hospitalisation time than patients with A/H3 (log rank *χ*^2^ = 7.61, *P* = 0.0058; [Table 2](#tab02){ref-type="table"}). These differences remained significant in multivariable analyses for ICU admission (OR 2.5461, 95% CI 1.188--5.520, *P* = 0.016; [Table 7](#tab07){ref-type="table"}), pneumonia (OR 3.042, 95% CI 1.632--5.673, *P* \< 0.001; [Table 8](#tab08){ref-type="table"}) and risk of discharge (HR 0.643, 95% CI 0.471--0.878, *P* = 0.005; [Table 9](#tab09){ref-type="table"}). Table 2.Clinical outcomes of patients in the studyAll tested patientsAny virus detectedNo virus detectedA/H1A/H3INF-BRSVhMPVPIVLOS (days) Median (IQR)5 (2--9)4 (2--8)5 (3--11)5 (3--8)\*4adolescent population.^[@bibr3-1941738118768201],[@bibr14-1941738118768201],[@bibr15-1941738118768201],[@bibr32-1941738118768201],[@bibr36-1941738118768201]^

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the current body of orthopaedic literature to better understand the operative treatment practices for isolated, nondiscoid adolescent meniscus tears.

Methods {#section10-1941738118768201}
=======

Search Strategy {#section11-1941738118768201}
---------------

A comprehensive scientific literature review following the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines was performed ([Figure 1](#fig1-1941738118768201){ref-type="fig"}).^[@bibr25-1941738118768201]^

![Search strategy according to PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines. Nine studies were identified for inclusion.](10.1177_1941738118768201-fig1){#fig1-1941738118768201}

A systematic review of PubMed (MEDLINE) and Google Scholar was performed to identify studies that reported on isolated meniscus tears in otherwise healthy pediatric or adolescent patients. The search criteria used were: "meniscus AND pediatric," "meniscal repair AND pediatric," "meniscectomy AND pediatric," "meniscus AND adolescent," "meniscal repair AND adolescent," and "meniscectomy AND adolescent." The search strategy was developed to


thigh circumference, knee instability, and radiographic evaluation for osteophytes, flattening of femoral condyles, squaring of tibial margins, and joint space narrowing.^[@bibr24-1941738118768201]^ They found only 42% of patients demonstrated excellent or good results at final follow-up.^[@bibr24-1941738118768201]^

Vahvanen and Aalto^[@bibr31-1941738118768201]^ evaluated 42 meniscectomies at a mean 5.6 years after surgery and found 71% of patients reported being asymptomatic with normal knee range of motion, stability, and radiographs at final follow-up. Twenty-nine percent of patients reported intermittent pain with activity, and 10% of patients demonstrated radiographic pathology at final follow-up.^[@bibr31-1941738118768201]^

Dai et al^[@bibr10-1941738118768201]^ followed 24 children for a mean 16.1 years after meniscectomy. Mean patient age at final follow-up was 29.4 years old.^[@bibr10-1941738118768201]^ Of the 24 patients, 10 reported knee pain (9 with activity, 1 at rest), 2 had effusions, 8 had quadricepscomplex tears. Seventeen menisci (38% overall) failed initial repair at a mean 17 months (range, 3-61 months) postoperatively and underwent repeat arthroscopic surgery (15 partial meniscectomies, 2 re-repair). The mean Tegner and IKDC scores were 8 (range, 5-9) and 89.4 (range, 79-99), respectively, at final follow-up. Risk factors for failure included complex tears and rim width greater than 3 mm.

Lucas et al^[@bibr19-1941738118768201]^ retrospectively assessed 19 arthroscopic repair procedures performed in adolescents (mean age, 14 years) with documented stable knees having normal menisci prior to injury.The study demonstrated good outcomes in 12 of 17 patients (70%), with significant improvement in the mean Tegner score from 3.9 to 7.1 and mean Lysholm score from 55.9 to 85.4 between pre- and postoperative assessments at a mean follow-up of 22 months.^[@bibr19-1941738118768201]^

Discussion {#section19-1941738118768201}
==========

The


hello@babatude.com within 7 days of receipt of your goods. We will help arrange returns and a refund/exchange. Please ensure that the item is still in a new, unworn and unused condition with the original garment tags still attached.

Personalised products are made to order and we regret that we are unable to offer refunds or exchanges. However, if we have made an error in fulfilling your order, we shall promptly correct or replace the items supplied to you at our own cost. This policy does not affect your statutory rights. Please note that you will be responsible for the costs of returning the goods to us. As soon as we receive notice of your cancellation of this order, we will refund the relevant part of the purchase price fordiplomats in 2008. Apparently the Americans were told by someone in the Congress party that chests filled with cash, some $25m, stood ready to be spent on swaying the votes of opposition MPs, to help ensure the confidence vote would be won. The American interest was acute: the vote had been called over efforts to pass a bill on nuclear power, which was seen by many on the left in India as a sop to potential American investors. To the Americans—and to India's rulers—the bill was vital, part of a deal between the two countries which would allow a big expansion of much-needed civilian nuclear power plants in India. As important, it enshrined much warmer relations between America and India, which infuriated India's Communists, and some others.

Mr Singh's


government has been rocked by a series of corruption scandals and is struggling to come up with any effective response. In the course of a few months, rows have erupted over graft in the Commonwealth games in Delhi, a property scandal in Mumbai, and the appointment of an anti-graft commissioner, P.J. Thomas, who had been charged himself for corruption. (Mr Thomas has been forced to step down, by the Supreme Court.) Most striking, however, is a telecoms scandal, over the dubious sale of 2G spectrum, in which the minister in charge, A. Raja, allegedly forfeited some $39 billion in potential revenues. Mr Raja was sacked and then arrested. His close assistant, Sadhick Batcha, was found dead this week, apparently the result of suicide.

All this is taking a heavyto be completely denying the matter.

As an Indian citizen I salute the USA administration in not denying the issue unlike our UPA government.Our head is hanging in shame in view of our glorious past and ourselves declaring the largest democracy!We shall await many more such outcome.

Indians are not of a higher standard than the rest of the 3rd world. Graft, corruption and their caste system have given a small group of educated people enormous power and influence; but they are still a product of their own decrepit society.

Their transgressions and prejudices are common in the subcontinent (outside of India), Europe and now America.

It's funny how the article conveniently forgets to mention Mr.Modi as a great potential to replace Mr.Singh. Out of all the candidates (and looking at the


by the 'grand old party', which according to some that has apprently lost its integrity, but by its allies, which was brought into the ruling government due to coaltion compulsions in the first place.

End of the day, the UPA, NDA or the third front, and even the fourth front are all equally corrupt. But I think, the fact that such instances of graft are coming to surface, is a good thing.

This puppet--I dont Know Prime Minister should be thrown out by the Indian President using any available means....He is covering up all corruption and scandals every day...soon he will ask what is Bofors?
Shame .Disgrace PM for poverty India.

Who says he is honest? when they expose Spectrum and Commonwealth games
poveryt Indians will know how involvement of this sardar..never electedway that the sender cannot know, even in principle, what the density operator $\hat\rho$ was that is being subjected to this measurement. For such applications, a rigorous approach to homodyne measurement, which demonstrates that the POVM for photodetection reduces to the POVM for quadrature–phase or joint quadrature–phase measurements is necessary. Here we establish this connection between actual and convenient POVMs by directly calculating the photon counting probabilities using two different approaches: (i) working in the Fock basis for the Hilbert space of the signal and LO modes, we employ asymptotic expressions for SU(2) Wigner functions that are the BS matrix elements in the Fock basis; (ii) working in the over-complete basis of coherent states and taking advantage of the simple transformation of coherent states at the BS, we employ


then $$P^j_m={\rm Tr}(\hat\rho_{\rm out}|jm\rangle\langle jm|)
      =\langle jm|\hat B\hat\rho_{\rm in}\hat B^\dagger|jm\rangle
\label{1probab}$$ The probability $P^j_m$ can be expressed as $$P^j_m={\rm Tr}(\hat\rho_{\rm out}\hat{\sf E}_m^j),$$ where the POVM $\hat{\sf E}_m^j = |jm\rangle\langle jm|$ satisfies the completeness condition $\sum_{m,j}\hat{\sf E}_m^j =\openone$ and positivity condition ${\rm Tr}(\hat\rho_{\rm in}\hat{\sf E}_m^j)\ge0$. The importance of the photon number difference measurement and its relation to phase measurements has been emphasized for many years, including in early work on phase operators in two mode systems [@Sus64]. If the total photon sum $2j$ is not measured in BHD and only the difference $2m$ is observed, the appropriate POVM is $$\begin{aligned}
\hat{\sf E}_m &= \sum_{j=|m|,|m|+1,\dots}^\infty |jm\rangle\langle jm|
                \nonumber     and how many come from the LO; thus, the different possibilities can interfere and the distribution of $\hat x$ is not affected.

Numerical simulations
---------------------

In this section we show some numerical simulations of our results. For a given pure signal state $|\psi\rangle$ and a given photon number sum $2j$ we compare the exact photon counting probability $P^j_m$ calculated with the help of Eq. (\[M2\]) with the series (\[truncatedint\]) truncated at different points. The purpose of such a simulation is to show that taking increasing number of terms in the series (\[truncatedint\]) gives an increasingly better approximation to the exact probability $P_m^{j}$.

The LO amplitude was chosen to be $\alpha=-A=-20$ which means that the mean photon number of the LO field is 400. The value of $j$ in the individual plots was chosen randomly from


obtaining the quadrature-phase POVM rigorously from the photon counting POVM, we have an expansion that yields correction terms for the POVM that works well for typical signal states in quantum optics.

In this paper we have considered a perfect HD scheme with ideal detectors, LO and BS and 100% mode-matching. In practice, all these elements are subject to imperfections, which disturbs the measurement. For example, the LO from a realistic laser has an amplitude distribution $P_{\rm LO}(\alpha)$ broader than the delta-function. This would convolute the probability $P^j_m(\alpha)$, where we now write the dependence on $\alpha$ explicitly, with $P_{\rm LO}(\alpha)$. If this distribution is Gaussian, then the strong LO measurement would correspond to a Gaussian spread of the quadrature measurement with the imprecision corresponding to the degree of LO amplitudefluctuation. Lossy beamsplitters and inefficient photodetectors would add vacuum noise that would result in Gaussian spread of quadrature measurement, similar to the effect discussed above for the LO amplitude spread. Finally, for a multi-mode field with the LO mode-matching condition satisfied, the detection efficiency can incorporate the mismatch between the beam and detector modes. If, on the other hand, the signal and LO modes are mismatched, HD efficiency declines, and beats between different frequency modes arise.

Our operational approach to HD ignores the realistic effects described above, but the theory is readily generalized to accommodate these effects by including inefficiencies and multimode description. Moreover, if multimode fields and beats are desirable, heterodyne detection replaces homodyne detection (for which signal and LO are frequency matched); an operational formulation of heterodyne


a compressed digital format and associated large banks of processing electronics required to decompress and encode this digital audio and video data into standard analog outputs. These disk-based systems are not modular or easily expandable, and, in addition, typically require the removal of these banks of disk drives in order to install new video programming. Thus, current hard disk systems, like tape-based systems are impractical for many video-on-demand applications.thing the Nets’ wins will accomplish are devaluing a pick their division rival sent to Cleveland in the Kyrie Irving deal. That’s not to say Brooklyn will have that many wins to begin with. — Chris Johnson

Orlando Magic

THE GOOD: If you've missed the last 30 free agency periods, Florida has no state income tax, which apparently helps recruit free agents. Also, Aaron Gordon's dunks are cool as hell.

THE BAD: The Magic are paying Bismack Biyombo and Nikola Vucevic over $29 million combined next season. Gordon would have maybe been good by now if Orlando hadn’t signed 34 forwards to ensure he would play out of position for most of his career. And D.J. Augustin may end up starting for this team at point guard because Elfrid Payton can’t


shoot further than his hair can grow. Despite all of this, the Magic (and Frank Vogel!) will somehow win enough games to prevent themselves from engaging in a full-on tank. This isn’t a treadmill of mediocrity. This is a treadmill of bad but not quite bad enough to make being bad worth it.

NBA Over/Under Bets: Evaluating the Best and Worst Team Odds

THE UGLY: Orlando hasn’t been the same since Courtney Lee blew that layup in the Finals and Hedo Turkoglu traded in conditioning for cigarettes. At least most of the other teams on this list have committed to being terrible. The Magic don’t quite seem to realize they're awful, which is maybe the most worrisome part of their rebuild. — Rohan Nadkarni

Elsa/Getty Images

New York Knicks

THE GOOD: Kristaps Porzingisprocesses is known to be reasonably well approximated by the Lotz formula[@lotz]: $$\begin{aligned}
\sigma_I = 4.5\times 10^{-14} \left[ {ln (E/I) \over EI/eV^2}\right] \ {\rm cm^2}
\label{ion}\end{aligned}$$ where $E \ge I$ is the energy of the incident $e'$ and $I$ is the ionization potential. For the first process in Eq.(\[14x\]), $I = 24.6$ eV while in the second process, $I = 54.4$ eV. We denote the corresponding cross-sections as $\sigma_I^{a}$ and $\sigma_I^b$ respectively.

Opposing ionization are the $e'$ capture processes. The relevant processes for $He'$ are: $$\begin{aligned}
e ' + {He'}^{+}  &\rightarrow & {He'}^{0}  + \gamma '
\nonumber \\
e ' + {He'}^{2+}  &\rightarrow & {He'}^{+}  + \gamma '
\ .
\label{go}\end{aligned}$$ The cross-section for the capture processes can be approximated by a modified Kramers formula[@pratt]: $$\begin{aligned}
\sigma_C = \sum_n


shown (thick solid line) is the corresponding empirical galactic scaling relation obtained from Eqs.(\[mdrel\],\[rel1\]). ]{} 0.1cm

0.3cm [Figure 8c: Derived $\rho_0 r_0$ as a function of galactic luminosity, $L_B$ for $c_1 = 2$ and various values of ${L'}_{SN}^{MW}$. Plotted are ${L'}_{SN}^{MW} = 0.7 \times 10^{45}$ erg/s (dashed line) ${L'}_{SN}^{MW} = 2.0 \times 10^{45}$ erg/s (solid line) and ${L'}_{SN}^{MW} = 6.0 \times 10^{45}$ erg/s (dashed-dotted line). Also shown is $\rho_0 r_0 = 120 \ m_{\odot}/{\rm pc}^2$, close to the central value of the ‘empirical’ relation Eq.(\[rel1\]) (thick solid line). ]{}

0.2cm [Figure 9a: Derived galaxy luminosity versus core radius $r_0$ for $c_1 = 2$ and various values of $\xi_{Fe'}$. Plotted are $\xi_{Fe'} = 0.007$ (dashed line), $\xi_{Fe'} = 0.02$ (solid line) and $\xi_{Fe'} = 0.06$ (dashed-dotted line). Also shown (thick solidcurrent star formation[@grebel]. Thus, for dwarf spheroidal galaxies it does not seem possible to stabilize a spherical mirror plasma component with energy from ordinary supernova. Some other energy source would be needed or possibly, the mirror dark matter has collapsed into a disk/bulge component for this galaxy class.

Elliptical galaxies and clusters
================================

Elliptical galaxies are another interesting class of objects to think about. As with dwarf spheroidal galaxies, elliptical galaxies appear to be largely devoid of gas and do not exhibit significant star formation at the present epoch. Thus the current rate of ordinary supernovae is very low. In the absence of supernova heating, the mirror particle plasma is expected to undergo gravitational collapse onto a disk/bulge. For large elliptical galaxies, the time scale for this to occur can be


[**690**]{}, 462 (2010) \[arXiv:1003.0880\]. Z. Berezhiani, S. Cassisi, P. Ciarcelluti and A. Pietrinferni, Astropart. Phys.  [**24**]{}, 495 (2006) \[astro-ph/0507153\]. P. Salucci, A. Lapi, C. Tonini, G. Gentile, I. Yegorova and U. Klein, Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc.  [**378**]{}, 41 (2007) \[astro-ph/0703115\].

M. Persic, P. Salucci and F. Stel, Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc.  [**281**]{}, 27 (1996) \[astro-ph/9506004\]. A. Burkert, IAU Symp.  [**171**]{}, 175 (1996) \[Astrophys. J.  [**447**]{}, L25 (1995)\] \[astro-ph/9504041\]; P. Salucci and A. Burkert, Astrophys. J.  [**537**]{}, L9 (2000) \[astro-ph/0004397\]. W. Lotz, Z. Phys.  [**216**]{}, 241 (1968).

Y. S. Kim and R. H. Pratt, Phys. Rev. A [**27**]{}, 2913 (1983) and references there-in.

C. Corliss and J. Sugar, J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data [**11**]{}, 135 (1982).

F. Shankar, A. Lapi, P. Salucci, G. De Zotti and L. Danese, Astrophys. J.  [**643**]{}, 14 (2006) \[astro-ph/0601577\]. F. Donato and P. Salucci, Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc.  [**353**]{}, L17 (2004) \[astro-ph/0403206\].

W. Li [*et al.*]{}, Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc.  [**412**]{}, 1473 (2011) \[arXiv:1006.4613\]. J. S. Gallagher, D. A. Hunter and A. V. Tutukov, Astrophys. J.  [**284**]{}, 544 (1984).

P. Salucci, [*et al*]{}., arXiv:1111.1165. See e.g. E. K. Grebel, J. S. Gallagherbecause the plant species are listed as endangered or threatened.

STANDARD OF REVIEW
Under the Administrative Procedures Act ("APA"), a district court may review an agency's decision to determine whether the agency's decision was "arbitrary, capricious, an abuse of discretion, or otherwise not in accordance with law." Resources Ltd., Inc. v. Robertson, 35 F.3d 1300, 1304 (9th Cir.1993) (quoting § 706 of the APA, 5 U.S.C. § 706(2)(A)). "In making this inquiry, [the court] ask[s] whether the agency `considered the relevant factors and articulated a rational connection between the facts found and the choice made.'" Natural Resources Defense Council v. United States Dept. of Interior, 113 F.3d 1121, 1124 (9th Cir.1997) ("NRDC") (quoting Resources Ltd., 35 F.3d at 1304). The Court's review is typically limited to the administrative record in


of the consultation requirements for each species at issue. By its own admission, it may not state generally that the designation of critical habitat for plant species would have no effect on the consultation requirements.
Plaintiffs argue that the FWS' reasoning is flawed for two additional reasons: First, the NRDC Court stated that the existence of other protection should not serve as a basis for nondesignation, and, second, the FWS may not rely on its regulations interpreting the jeopardize and adverse modification standards because they contradict the ESA.
In NRDC, the FWS argued that designation of a critical habitat was not beneficial because a state-run program provided a "far superior" means of protection. 113 F.3d at 1126. The NRDC court found that this was not a proper basis on whichFluorescently labeled amplicons were subjected to GeneScan fragment size analysis on an ABI sequencer ([@B15]). Downstream analysis of fragment size data was performed using Peakscanner (v1.0), BioEdit (v7.2.5), and Microsoft Excel.

Construction of ΔNadA isolate. {#sec2-3}
------------------------------

NadA was amplified from the bacterial chromosome of R001, a MenW ST-11 carriage isolate, and replaced with a kanamycin resistance cassette. NadA gene flanking regions were amplified from R001 genomic DNA by use of primers NadA_UFR_F (5′-CCTACCATCAAGGCAGACCG-3′), NadA_UFR_R (5′-CGCTGGGTTTATCGGGATCCTGTCAGGATATGGGTTGCCG-3′), NadA_DFR_F (5′-AGATGTCTAAAAAGGGATCCCGATAAAGAAACCGCAGCC-3′), and NadA_DFR_R (5′-TCTGTTCATCGGTAAGCGCAC-3′), while the kanamycin resistance cassette was amplified from plasmid DNA by use of primers NadA_Kan_F (5′-ACAGGATCCCGATAAACCCAGCGAACCATTTG-3′) and NadA_Kan_R (5′-CGGGGATCCCTTTTTAGACATCTAAATCTAGGTAC-3′). NEBuilder HiFi DNA assembly master mix (New England Biosciences) was used to assemble the construct at a 1:1:1 ratio, using the manufacturer\'s guidance. Meningococcal isolate R001 was naturally transformed as described


a finite sum of distinct real terms $x=x_1+x_2+\ldots+x_n$ where $|x_k| \lt 2\,$. Then express each term as $x_k = z_k + \bar z_k$ where $z_k$ is a complex number on the unit circle, in fact a root of the equation $z^2 - x_k z + 1 = 0$ which has complex roots since $\Delta = x_k^2-4 \lt 0$, and the roots $z_k, \bar z_k$ lie on the unit circle since $|z_k|^2=z_k\bar z_k=1$. It follows that any real $x$ can be written as a sum of distinct complex numbers on the unit circle. Next, repeat for $y$ with some care to not reuse the same numbers on the unit circle, then add $x+iy$ for an arbitray complex $z=x+iy$.

coatings, grease, and other residues from substrates. It is also non-corrosive or only slightly corrosive to substrates, environmentally safe, non-hazardous, nonflammable, nontoxic, low odor, and fully biodegradable.
Another embodiment of the invention is an aerosol can containing the aerosol formulation of the present invention.
Yet another embodiment of the invention is a method of preparing the aerosol formulation comprising the steps of (A) dispersing (i) a polar phase containing (a) from about 10 to about 45 parts by weight of water and (b) from about 0.3 to about 4 parts by weight of an accelerator into a (ii) a non-polar phase containing from about 3 to about 35 parts by weight of aromatic alcohol to form a composition, and (B) adding from about 20 to about 50 parts by weight


and any combination of any of the foregoing. Preferred corrosion inhibitors include, but are not limited to, 2-mercaptobenzothiazole, morpholine, sodium nitrite, sodium benzoate, and any combination of any of the foregoing. The composition typically comprises a corrosion inhibiting or corrosion retarding effective amount of corrosion inhibitor. Preferably, the composition comprises from about 0.1 to about 3% by weight and more preferably from about 0.5 to about 1% by weight of corrosion inhibitor, based upon 100% weight of total composition.
The composition may also include an aromatic ether having the formula R1xe2x80x94CH2xe2x80x94Oxe2x80x94CH2xe2x80x94R2 where R1 and R2 are hydrogen and phenyl or both phenyl. A preferred aromatic ether is benzyl ether. The composition preferably includes from about 1 to about 20% by weight of aromatic ether based upon 100% weight ofof total composition.
Other adjuvants as known to those skilled in the art may also be included in the composition.
The composition is preferably substantially free of peroxides, such as hydrogen peroxide; acids; and hazardous solvents, such as methyl chloride and methyl alcohol. More preferably, the composition contains less than 1% of each of these substances and most preferably is free of these substances. Peroxides and acids may react with the metal of an aerosol can and cause the can to explode. Hazardous solvents may have a detrimental impact on health and the environment when airborne.
The aerosol formulation typically comprises from about 50 to about 80% by weight and preferably from about 70 to about 80% by weight of the composition, based upon 100% weight of total aerosol formulation.
Suitable propellents,


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    if (path.key !== "callee" || !path.parentPath.isCallExpression()) {
      return;
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  var allStatus = void 0;

  for (var _iterator2 = referencePaths, _isArray2 = Array.isArray(_iterator2), _i2 = 0, _iterator2 = _isArray2 ? _iterator2 : (0, _getIterator3.default)(_iterator2);;) {
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     {

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operating member for winding and unwinding a transmission control cable. The operating member rotates in clockwise and counterclockwise directions from a center position to rotate the cable reel. A retainer mechanism maintains the cable reel in the selected position.Though the dietary exposure to PFCs needs to be controlled (Jogsten et al., [2009](#fsn31737-bib-0015){ref-type="ref"}), the study for the dietary exposure in Korean population is very limited. Therefore, it is important to monitor the amount of PFCs and analyze their changes during cooking in foods.

Mackerel (*Scomber japonicus*) has been the favorite and most popular fish in Korea with an average intake of 3.93 g per person per day (Korea Health Industry Development Institute, [2015](#fsn31737-bib-0020){ref-type="ref"}; National Institute of Fisheries Science, [2010](#fsn31737-bib-0027){ref-type="ref"}). It is consumed after various pretreatment (washing and soaking) and cooking method including sushi, grilling, braising, frying, and steaming. Also, mackerel is cooked with other ingredients such as potatoes, zucchini, and carrots according to preference (Kim, Baek, Kim, & Moon, [1998](#fsn31737-bib-0019){ref-type="ref"}; Korean Food Promotion Institute, [2017](#fsn31737-bib-0021){ref-type="ref"}). Potatoes contain high dietary fiber, which can be used as


in Figure [2](#fsn31737-fig-0002){ref-type="fig"}. The results showed that the PFC levels in different parts of the mackerel samples were almost the same (Figure [3](#fsn31737-fig-0003){ref-type="fig"}). Del Gobbo et al. ([2008](#fsn31737-bib-0005){ref-type="ref"}) reported that in fish, PFCs tend to accumulate more in liver than in muscle tissue. In addition, the PFC content in the liver and gut of fish is higher than that in its muscle tissue (Heo et al., [2013](#fsn31737-bib-0010){ref-type="ref"}). Therefore, it is believed that the dietary exposure to PFCs can be reduced by avoiding the consumption of fish liver and gut. Furthermore, the level of PFC accumulation in different parts of the muscle tissue of fish is almost the same.

![LC/MS/MS chromatograms of perfluorinated compounds in standard solution. PFBA, perfluorobutanoic acid; PFOA, perfluorooctanoic acid; PFUnDA, perfluoroundecanoic acid; PFPeA, perfluorpentanoic acid; PFBS, perfluorobutane sulfonate; PFHxA, perfluorhexanoic        ND
  EtPFOSAA    ND               ND               ND               ND                ND
  Total       0.59 ± 0.06^a^   0.05 ± 0.00^d^   0.30 ± 0.06^b^   0.14 ± 0.01^cd^   0.24 ± 0.06^bc^

Different letters in the same row indicate statistical difference (*p* \< .05).

Abbreviations: and EtPFOSAA, ethyl‐perfluoro‐1 octanesulfonamido acetic acid;Control, raw mackerel; L‐PFHpS, sodium perfluoro‐1 heptanesulfonate; MePFOSAA, methylperfluoro‐1 octanesulfonamido acetic acid; ND, not detected; PFBA, perfluorobutanoic


Q:

React.js - When authorizing on the site, if the data is incorrect, how can I get a response with a text error?

I send data to API with email and password. API Ruby on Rails with library devise-token-auth

signinform.js
......................................................
onSubmit(e){
e.preventDefault();
this.setState({errors: {}, isLoading: true});
this.props.userSignInRequest(this.state).then(
  () => {console.log('ok!')},
  ({resp}) => { console.log(resp.errors); }
);

}
.........................................................
actions/signInActions.js
import axios from 'axios';

export function userSignInRequest(userData){
  return dispatch => {
    return axios.post('/auth/sign_in', userData);
  }
}

If email or password are incorrect i get response:
{"errors":["Invalid login credentials. Please try again."]}

But console.log(resp.errors); display undefined. If i put (resp) => { console.log(resp); } I get in console:
Error: Request failed with status code 401 at createError (createError.js?16d0:16) at settle (settle.js?db52:18) at XMLHttpRequest.handleLoad (xhr.js?ec6c:77)
How me get errors in console.log(resp);

A:

That is because the way you have written resp inwill have an unlocked Galaxy S3 in your grasp

We haven’t managed to try this method, but we have been told that you may have to try a few times to get the timing right, and apparently once successful the lock screen will remain deactivated until the phone is rebooted. If you have access to an S3 give this workaround a go and let us know if you could pull it off.


After the Charlie Hebdo massacres in France last month, we were again reminded of the timidity of our public leaders in their refusal to look the roots of Islamist terrorism in the face. After initial condemnations of those murderous acts, public figures and the media frantically began a campaign of insisting that there was no connection between the murders and any branch of Islam, extreme or otherwise. Just recently, Obama claimed ignorance as to what ideology was responsible for the immolation of Jordanian pilot Moaz al-Kasasbeh at the hands of this Islamic State (ISIS). One of the ways in which this stubborn denial of reality is expressing itself is linguistically.

The Obama administration has made it clear that it will not use the term “Islamic terrorism,” or the morethat without naming violence done in the name Islam for what it is, it will be extremely difficult to make any headway in combating these groups, or their recruitment tactics.

The Language Change Deliberately Creates Confusion

In one sense words are unimportant in that whether we say “desk,” “bureau,” or “مكتب” we are all referring to the piece of furniture at which we do our work. However, when it comes to more sober issues that have to do with worldview, philosophy, or religion the issue becomes more complicated. Words, and more importantly, naming, do matter. All languages change and morph over time due to differences in regional and class usage, and to contact with other languages. But this is a different kind of language change. This is about trying to


sound good for tomorrow."

As for the hitters' short preparation time for Friday's opener against the Padres, given they're only four days into their work?

"It is tough, but the guys knew that coming in and they've done a nice job here early on," Wedge said. "Friday is going to get on us quick and everybody is aware of that."

The Mariners' attitude? Bring it on.

"We are getting right into it," said Kyle Seager. "But that's a good thing. You get in there and start playing and it gives you more at-bats coming into the season. It's more time to get ready. There's nothing better than live pitching."to Xamarin :-)
note: the same applies for MonoTouch which allows you to build .NET-based iPhone/iPad (iOS) applications from an Mac OSX computer.
Disclaimer: I work for Xamarin

A:

As a long-time .Net developer (starting with 1.0), I can tell you that if you are anything other than a hobbyist, any money you spend on MonoTouch and MonoDroid will pay huge dividends in the very short term.
There is a certainly a learning curve for the UI and the third-party control environment isn't anywhere near as robust as it is for the Windows platforms, but the ability to program against the .Net framework (even if the language is C#) is an indescribable advantage and well worth every penny spent with Xamarin.
We were able to port a 500,000 line VB.Net application written


to know that none of the platform specific BINDINGS, which are the libraries and developer tools that Xamarin provides to hook up your .net mono code to, say, the platform UI/system libraries of android and iOS, are open source at all. So, Mono for Android and MonoTouch (and monomac?) are neither free as in free speech nor free as in free beer. They are both 100% commercial products. Now, I'm told you can request an open source compatible license privately, but your open source project must be pre-approved, which means you will not be able to take advantage of the object code option for a closed source project, and I don't know what kind of restrictions Xamarin would place on such a license (I suspect similar restrictions toIt will also make sure that hash is hash and not some mixture of rubber, glass and other poisonous content,” Warming said.

He acknowledged that the trial outcome may not be positive.

“For example we don’t know if legalisation will increase consumption and we don’t know how socially and psychologically vulnerable people will react,” Warming said.

ADVERTISEMENT

Another challenge foreseen in the programme was how to get hold of an internationally illegal substance to sell. The city suggested possibly importing hash from “producers of hash for medicinal purposes from Washington or Colorado,” though no approaches have been made to US authorities.

Currently, the sale and importation of cannabis in Denmark is illegal, though the black market is estimated at some one billion kroner (134 million euros, $175 million) annually.


648 F.3d 154 (2011)
James D. MEYER
v.
CUNA MUTUAL INSURANCE SOCIETY, Appellant.
Nos. 09-4040, 09-4124.
United States Court of Appeals, Third Circuit.
Argued October 20, 2010.
Opinion Filed: May 26, 2011.
*157 Roland C. Goss, (argued) Robin M. Sanders, Jorden Burt LLP, Washington, DC, for Appellant/Cross-Appellee.
Dennis J. Mulvihill, Robb, Leonard & Mulvihill, Pittsburgh, PA, for Appellant/Cross-Appellee.
Aaron D. Rihn, (argued) Robert F. Daley, Robert Peirce & Associates, Pittsburgh, PA, for Appellee/Cross-Appellant.
Before: HARDIMAN, GREENAWAY, JR., and NYGAARD, Circuit Judges.

OPINION
GREENAWAY, JR., Circuit Judge.
Appellee and Cross-Appellant James Meyer ("Plaintiff" or "Meyer"), a Union Railroad employee for approximately 31 years, purchased a credit disability insurance policy from Appellant CUNA Mutual Group ("CUNA") in connection with the financing by the URE Federal Credit Union (the "credit union") of an automobile Meyer purchased. The policy would make the car loan payment onsome capacity. CUNA determined that Meyer was therefore no longer totally disabled as defined in the post-12 month period. CUNA sent Meyer a form letter which stated that "the information obtained indicated [he was] capable of modified light duty work." (App. at 41.) That, "along with other information contained in [his] file," indicated that he was "no longer unable to perform any occupation." (Id.)
Although Meyer was authorized by several physicians to return to work in some capacity subject to light or medium duty restrictions, he was never cleared by any physician to return to his time-of-injury occupation as a conductor/brakeman at Union Railroad.

ii. Procedural Background
Subsequent to CUNA's termination of his benefits, Meyer brought an action in the United States District Court for the Western District of Pennsylvania on


District Court using the District Court's interpretation of "Total Disability." If CUNA chose to dispute a claim, claimants could notify CUNA and appeal to the District Court Judge. The District Court noted that it "[t]hereby retain[ed] jurisdiction of all matters relating to the interpretation, administration, implementation, effectuation and enforcement of this Injunction and this Final Judgment, including, without limitation, the provisions of Part II of this Final Judgment and Order." (Id. at 6.)
Anticipating its immediate ruling on the decertification of the class that day, the Court acknowledged that the remaining issues in the case did not satisfy the requirements of Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 23(a) and 23(b)(3) for class certification, and that it "[would] be entering an Order granting CUNA Mutual's Motion to Decertify the Class." (Id.reasonably qualified by education, training or experience.
(App. at 39.) Meyer contends, as he did before the District Court, that this language is unambiguous and means that after the first 12 consecutive months, the insured qualifies as totally disabled if he can show either (1) that he is unable to perform the duties of his occupation; or (2) that he is unable to perform the duties of any occupation for which he is reasonably qualified by education, training, or experience.
CUNA argues that the clause should not be interpreted that way because the policy creates a shift from an "own occupation" definition of disability to an "any occupation" definition after 12 months. In effect, in the phrase, "or any occupation for which he is reasonably qualified by education, training or


rates; however, the statute does not indicate that the insurer is required to charge prima facie rates.
*167 CUNA argues that record evidence supports charging prima facie rates for its group credit disability insurance coverage. Assuming this is the custom and practice in the industry, CUNA has not presented evidence that under Pennsylvania law, it is required to charge prima facie rates and therefore required to utilize an "own" to "any" occupation shift in its definition of Total Disability. Notwithstanding that this evidence may otherwise support CUNA's proffered intent and its reasonableness, it is not evidence of Meyer's intent.
Furthermore, under Pennsylvania law, in close cases, a court should resolve the meaning of insurance policy provisions in favor of coverage for the insured. Motley v. State Farm Mut. Auto. Ins.provision is not consistent with CUNA's evidence of custom and industry practice. CUNA makes no allegation and presents no evidence of Meyer's awareness of this industry practice or custom. Thus, CUNA's additional evidence, though arguably enlightening regarding its own intent, does not change our belief that Meyer's interpretation, based on the plain language of the provision, is reasonable.
Along this vein, CUNA claims that its interpretation is the only reasonable one because Meyer's proposed interpretation renders half of the definition's terms meaningless by reading out the shift in the policythat after 12 months, "it changes." "[T]his Court takes care not to render other portions of a provision or contract superfluous when construing contract language." New Castle Cnty., Delaware v. Nat'l Union Fire Ins. Co. of Pittsburgh, PA., 174 F.3d


remarkable main effects of attention networks and has been demonstrated to be reliable between sessions [@pone.0089733-Fan1], [@pone.0089733-MacLeod1], [@pone.0089733-Ishigami1]. In the past decade, it has been widely employed in brain functional [@pone.0089733-Kellermann1]--[@pone.0089733-Neuhaus1], developmental [@pone.0089733-Ishigami1], [@pone.0089733-Konrad1], [@pone.0089733-Rueda1], genetic [@pone.0089733-Fossella1]--[@pone.0089733-Posner4], and psychiatric investigations [@pone.0089733-Adlfsdttir1]--[@pone.0089733-Bush1] to test normal and abnormal attention abilities.

However, the interactions between attention networks are complicated and inconsistent. [Table 1](#pone-0089733-t001){ref-type="table"} showed the results of 14 visual attention researches using the ANT in normal adults. Strong interactions between attention networks appeared in only half of these studies [@pone.0089733-Kellermann1], [@pone.0089733-Fan3], [@pone.0089733-Callejas1]--[@pone.0089733-Ishigami2]. Some studies observed weak interactions [@pone.0089733-Fan1], [@pone.0089733-Ishigami3], but others failed to find any interactions [@pone.0089733-Fan2], [@pone.0089733-Konrad1], [@pone.0089733-Liu1], [@pone.0089733-Roberts1].

10.1371/journal.pone.0089733.t001

###### Main effects of and interactions between attention networks in attention network test (ANT).

![](pone.0089733.t001){#pone-0089733-t001-1}

         *p* = 0.463), 0.03 (alerting vs. orienting; *p* = 0.865), and 0.14 (executive control vs. orienting; *p* = 0.406). For the new method, correlation coefficients were 0.30 (alerting vs. executive control; *p* = 0.061), −0.01 (alerting vs. orienting; *p* = 0.974), and 0.44 (executive control vs. orienting; *p* = 0.007). In keeping with the unidirectional influence from alerting to executive control to orienting, the current findings revealed that both correlations between alerting and executive control and between executive control and orienting approached (marginal) significance, thus providing further evidence for their dependence.

ANOVA for the old method {#s3c}
------------------------

For the accuracy, a remarkable main effect of cue was observed, *F* (2, 70) = 3.66, *p* = 0.039, partial *η* ^2^ = 0.095. The accuracy of center cue condition is lower than that of spatial cue condition (*p* = 0.013). The main effect of target also approached significance, *F* (1, 35) = 42.64, *p*\<0.001,


^2^ = 0.421\]. There was also an interaction between orienting and executive control: *F* (1, 35) = 8.25, *p* = 0.007, partial *η* ^2^ = 0.191. Incongruence rather than congruence \[*t* (35) = 3.06, *p* = 0.004 vs. *t* (35) = 0.45, *p* = 0.655\] increased the effect of orienting.

Reliability of the old and new methods {#s3e}
--------------------------------------

The ICC value of the new ANT scores (0.512) was much higher than that of the old ANT scores (0.035) and the relationship between the attention networks (0.194), indicating the high test--retest reliability of the new method. Similarly, the split-half reliability revealed that the new ANT scores (0.712) had higher internal consistency than the old ANT scores (0.039) and the relationship of ANT (0.263) which confirmed the reliability of the new ANT scores.

Discussion {#s4}
==========

In order to reduce the interference from inter-network interactions in computing ANT scores and estimatespecific relationships between attention networks, we dissected six ANT conditions in detail. According to the dissection, we put forward a new method with 7 equations to compute ANT scores and relationships between attention networks. This method computed relative pure ANT scores and unidirectional relationships between attention networks except for main effects and interactions of attention networks.

ANT scores {#s4a}
----------

Comparing to the old method, the new method computed a larger alerting score and a smaller executive control score. This difference might be due to the interplay of alerting network and executive control network. As suggested by Callejas et al. [@pone.0089733-Callejas1], [@pone.0089733-Callejas2] and Fan et al. [@pone.0089733-Fan6], the alerting network could increase the score of executive control network. Our results ([Figure 3](#pone-0089733-g003){ref-type="fig"}) also showed that alerting network increased executive control score,


also needs inspection. Second, the new computing method could not extract pure ANT scores, because of the existence of inter-network interactions in the ANT. To avoid cross impacts, future studies should test efficiency of attention networks in separate blocks. Third, we did not adopt the double cue condition. The no cue-double cue and the no cue-center cue may have about the same discrepancy scores [@pone.0089733-Fan1], but whether they affect the inter-network interaction need further clarification. We suggest that all cccs and ccis in our equations could be replaced with dccs (double cue congruents) and dcis (double cue incrongurents). The discrepancies between equations with ccc/cci and those with dcc/dci should be assessed in future studies. It is worth noting that individual scores correlation with physiological/neuroimaging markers may be thedata computed by the new method. Overall, we support that the ANT is a reliable paradigm to test the efficiency of attention networks rather than their interactions.

The authors would like to thank Professor Michael I. Posner, Professor Suliann Ben Hamed and two anonymous reviewers for valuable comments regarding the manuscript.

[^1]: **Competing Interests:**Huafu Chen is a PLOS ONE Editorial Board member, but this does not alter our adherence to PLOS ONE Editorial policies and criteria.

[^2]: Conceived and designed the experiments: YFW QC FL. Performed the experiments: YJH FML HC. Analyzed the data: YFW QC. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: YFW. Wrote the paper: YFW QC FL YJH FML HC HFC.


Q:

NullPointerException AsyncTask android

I have a problem with AsyncTask in android. I have a NullPointerException at this line
  ConnectivityManager conMgr = (ConnectivityManager)
  context.getSystemService(Context.CONNECTIVITY_SERVICE);

in this method
public static boolean checkRete(Context context) {
    ConnectivityManager conMgr = (ConnectivityManager) context.getSystemService(Context.CONNECTIVITY_SERVICE);
    NetworkInfo infos[] = conMgr.getAllNetworkInfo();
    for (NetworkInfo info : infos) {
        if (info.getState() == State.CONNECTED)
            return true;
    }
    return false;
}

This error causes a Runtime Exception while executing doInBackground() part of AsyncTask class.
protected ArrayList<ObjDb> doInBackground(Void... params) {
    return Functions.query(act, "http://www.unishare.it/tutored/" + url);
}

This is the entire log of error:
04-06 18:06:40.082  25316-25365/it.polimi.mobilecourse.expenses E/AndroidRuntime﹕ FATAL EXCEPTION: AsyncTaskjust add the new upstream release of network-manager or do i have to try and merge it from debian?
#ubuntu-gnome 2014-06-19
<darkxst> Noskcaj, network-manager to be pretty well forked (and it had a massive diff against debian), so just update it I guess
<freecoder> under "The Bash Shell Startup Files" in blfs, in /etc/profile.d/i18n.sh do i have to type in the actual LANG (eg. en_IN.UTF-8) or just copy whatever is written in the book?
<freecoder> sorry, wring channel
 * SonikkuAmerica wrings the channel out
<zerofinity> hi guys, I have a list of proverbs that I want to display in notifications at startup. I have Gnome flashback installed and using notification-daemon.
<zerofinity> can u guys point me
<SonikkuAmerica> zerofinity: That's more of a question for #ubuntu , I would think, because it deals with notify-send
<SonikkuAmerica> but


the TLs?
<satya164> What is TL?
<amjjawad> all the TLs in one place to vote for anything related to the system?
<amjjawad> Team Leader
<aldomann> That'd be great, actually
<satya164> Yeah.
<amjjawad> because we at least can make sure the TLs are active enough and available to vote
<amjjawad> and I'm also thinking to give admin access on Launchpad for someone who could be acting TL
<ahoneybun> amjjawad:  a council?
<amjjawad> which means, if the TL is away, he/she will be the activing
<amjjawad> acting *
<amjjawad> indeed
<amjjawad> kind of ahoneybun
<satya164> Sounds good
<amjjawad> the acting TL is very needed ... very
<amjjawad> each TL of each Sub-Team should trust at least one of his members
<aldomann> For instance I'm subscribed to all the mailing lists to be sure everything that can be related to the Artwork team gets to mybe accepted?
<amjjawad> #accepted Ubuntu GNOME Team Leaders Team/Council + Acting TL for each sub-team
<amjjawad> majority
<amjjawad> if say we're 7
<stratus_ss_> majority being 50% + 1
<amjjawad> 4 voted yes 3 voted no
<amjjawad> it is yes
<amjjawad> hmmm, yep
<amjjawad> better 50%+1
<amjjawad> #action amjjawad to do the paper work of "Ubuntu GNOME Team Leaders Team/Council + Acting TL for each sub-team"
<meetingology> ACTION: amjjawad to do the paper work of "Ubuntu GNOME Team Leaders Team/Council + Acting TL for each sub-team"
<amjjawad> #topic Ubuntu GNOME HR Sub-Team
<amjjawad> https://blueprints.launchpad.net/ubuntugnome-brainstorming/+spec/hr-sub-team
 * darkxst is back now ;)
<amjjawad> have you seen this guys?
<amjjawad> I want a very quick yes or no to that idea ;)
<stratus_ss_> so is this supposed to be a subset
<amjjawad> so we move to the system part of our meeting
<stratus_ss_> of marketing
<amjjawad> better a new sub-team
<amjjawad>


if I am a member which I am not
<jbicha> oh sorry about that, you should consider applying then!
<ricotz> jbicha, are you maintaining a gnome project?
<jbicha> no
<ricotz> or largely contributing to one?
<jbicha> I don't know if it's supposed to be public or not, but you can read through people's applications
<jbicha> here's mine: https://mail.gnome.org/archives/membership-committee/2012-May/msg00068.html
<ricotz> jbicha, ah ok, I guess I would qualify too
<jbicha> yes, I think your work on the gnome3 ppas at least is important to GNOME
<ricotz> yes, more speaking of vala and gobject-introspection
<mrasker> hello, is this the right place to ask a questio about rhythmbox?
<SonikkuAmerica> mrasker: You may
<mrasker> well, i installed the rhythmbox-radio-browser plugin in ubuntu 14.04 several times and in several ways but it always colapses my rhythmbox
<mrasker> i have another computer with the same configuration andin 16.04?
#ubuntu-gnome 2016-06-23
<mjayk> haya all does anyone know of a prime indicator for gnome ?
<hiniya> hello, I am having problems with it loading gnome after login and for some reason i have a dependency issue with i try to make sure everything is updated
<hiniya> http://pastebin.com/JTLZVih4
<hiniya> that is the error I am getting when I use apt
<hiniya> i can use the term I can get a basic xsession but that is it
<hiniya> Linux Darkness 4.4.0-27-generic #46-Ubuntu SMP Tue Jun 21 17:44:30 UTC 2016 i686 i686 i686 GNU/Linux
<hiniya> I was playing with the loader katoolin and it also now has grub thinking I am on kali
<wiehan> how do I install gnome on a fresh 16.04
<tod> s
<teedeeus> I somehow completely screwed up my ubuntu networking on 16.04 Gnome edition.  I


3.20, webkit2gtk needs to be rebuilt every time there is a webkit2gtk security update and those are pretty frequent
<jbicha> otherwise there are theming bugs in webkit2gtk apps like evolution and yelp
<jbicha> basically, you can choose between a stable Long Term Support release or the newest GNOME
<muelli> jbicha: Ah. And do I have "newest GNOME"? I thought I'd have "stable Long Term Support".
<jbicha> muelli: that's why you need to ppa-purge the GNOME3 PPAs :)
<muelli> jbicha: so I have (or had) "newest GNOME"? -.-
<jbicha> yes, isn't that the reason you installed the PPAs? but now 3.20 is getting older (17.04 has 3.24!)
<muelli> jbicha: I installed "Ubuntu GNOME" from the ISO.
<jbicha> and at some point you enabled the GNOME3 PPAs, they are not installed by default
<muelli> oh, I did. Okay. Maysupply (concentrators, cylinders, centralized system) based on site-specific conditions and requirements (1B). We suggest that, if feasible, oxygen be supplied by centralized, piped systems to ICUs when mechanical ventilators are used (2D)5HygieneWe recommend that ICUs have available an adequate number of and easily accessible facilities for handwashing/hand hygiene (1A). We recommend hand hygiene after each patient contact with an alcohol-based solution (1A). Exception are hand hygiene in the context of Ebola virus disease requiring chlorine-based solutions (1C) and *Clostridium difficile* requiring water and soap. In case alcohol-based solutions are unavailable, we recommend using soap and water for handwashing (1A). Alcohol hand rub solutions may be produced locally and carried in small bottles by each healthcare worker (UG). We recommend that non-sterile, clean examination gloves for self-protection of medical


reduction in mortality following implementation of telemedicine \[[@CR38]\].

Despite the trends indicating that a "closed ICU model" improves patient outcomes in resource-limited ICUs, human resources are inconsistently available in most of these settings. The number of physicians per 1000 inhabitants is substantially lower in low- and middle- than high-income countries \[[@CR39]\]. This leaves many hospitals in resource-limited areas with a critical shortage of physicians, particularly during off-hours, weekends, and holidays. From the authors' experience, in some hospitals, a physician is completely absent during nighttime. Patient care is then, for example, overseen by mid-level providers, such as clinical officers.

No systematic data on the availability of physicians specialized in intensive care medicine have been published for resource-limited settings. There also are no studies detailing the relevance of ICU training methods typicallyremaining in their setting. In many cases, the goal is for the resource-limited settings partner to administer the program independently. One successful example of such a horizontally integrated program is the East African Training Initiative, a pulmonary/critical care fellowship training program in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia \[[@CR29]\]. In partnership with the Ethiopian Ministry of Health, international professional societies, nongovernmental organizations, and a consortium of universities in Europe and North America, a growing cadre of domestically trained intensive care physicians is now assuming leadership roles in ICU education and clinical care in the country, where only a few years ago no such opportunities existed. A similar project has been established successfully to train nurses in emergency and critical care medicine in Ethiopia \[[@CR62]\].

Dedicated and sustainable partnerships at national and international


Healthcare workers can contaminate hands and medical devices with even a single contact with the patient or his/her immediate surroundings. Contaminant transfer to other patients and healthcare workers is common if hand hygiene is inadequate or not performed \[[@CR82]\]. Innumerable challenges to improving hand hygiene in resource-limited settings have been identified, but reasons vary from location to location \[[@CR83]\]. Convincing evidence indicates that implementation of multimodal hand hygiene programs can not only improve hand hygiene compliance but also reduce ICU-acquired infection rates. A prospective observational study involving 99 ICUs in 19 resource-limited countries demonstrated a significant 23.1% overall increase in hand hygiene compliance after implementation of a multidimensional hand hygiene program involving administrative support, supply availability, education and training, workplace reminders, process surveillance, and performance feedback \[[@CR84]\]. Thesewas directly and significantly associated with improved survival \[[@CR226]--[@CR228]\]. A large prospective interventional study in Uganda found that a bundled protocol to implement early monitored sepsis management improved survival of patients with severe sepsis in two hospitals \[[@CR229]\]. A small observational cohort study in Haiti demonstrated improved process measures in septic care after implementation of a simplified sepsis protocol developed by the World Health Organization, although there was no mortality effect \[[@CR230]\]. Similarly, two hospital-wide, protocol-based quality improvement programs significantly reduced the rate of catheter-associated urinary tract and catheter-associated bloodstream infections in Thailand \[[@CR231], [@CR232]\]. Checklists have been implemented successfully to optimize sepsis care \[[@CR233]\] and high-risk procedures \[[@CR234]\] in critically ill patients in resource-rich settings. A large international quality improvement project based on checklists to minimize preventable


a timescale of $5 \times 10^8$ years. Several authors have found that the mean age of clusters in the LMC and SMC is larger than that of clusters in the solar neighbourhood and cloncluded that the disruption time must be longer in the MCs (e.g. \[9\]). Actually, the disruption time of clusters is expected to depend on their mass and on the local conditions in their host galaxy. Modern observations of large homogeneous cluster samples, e.g. with $HST$, enable the determination of the cluster disruption time in different galaxies.

The disruption time of clusters is expected to scale with the relaxation time

$$t_{\rm dis} \sim t_{\rm rxt} \sim R_{\rm cl}^{3/2} M_{\rm cl}^{1/2}
\label{eq:trxt}$$

where $R_{\rm cl}$ is the cluster radius and $M_{\rm cl}$ is the cluster mass (see e.g. \[13\],\[14\]). If allrepectively. The age distribution of the clusters in the SMC and the solar neighbourhood show a flat part at young ages, because the clusters do not fade below the detection limit in the samples used. Therefore, the distributions at young age show the constant cluster formation rate. >From the observed powerlaw relations we derived the values of the disruption parameters $t_4$ and $\gamma$.

The results are summarized in Table 1. The values of $\gamma$ are very similar (within the uncertainties) for the cluster samples in the four galaxies, with a mean value of $<\gamma>~=~ 0.62 \pm 0.06$. The values of $t_4$, however, are very different for the different galaxies: the inner region of M51 has the shortest cluster disruption time and the SMC has the longest disruption times. The


Analysis of vaccine's schedules using models.
We present a further, yet important, step in applying Catania Mouse Model & simulator (SimTriplex) of immune system response to vaccination. In particular we show that, as immune response can induce toxicity, one can calibrate the vaccine administrations in such a way to avoid toxicity effects, keeping immunoprevention from cancer. This result increases the model's potential applications.service should be a permanent element in my life and not just a thing you have to do to get confirmed.

I learned that making wise decisions will help you out in the long run. Stay loyal to God and he will help you.

I learned that God will give you ups and downs, but he never gives you something you can’t handle.

It may not seem like it, but everyone has gone through something hard or scary and they need people there for them.

I learned a lot about how mistakes can shape your life in the long run and it shapes how you are today.

I learned about experiences other people had and how they dealt with the situtations, so it can help me in the future.

Not everybody is what they


that advice.

Everyone has problems and one isn’t greater than the other. Everyone has different outlooks on things depending on their experiences.

We can learn from others experiences.

We all have different problems going on so you don’t have any right to lash out at someone if you are mad at them.

I learned that there are very courageous guys and girls in the community as leaders who are willing to share their stories on how they found faith.

I learned about how frequently people need someone just to talk to.

I learned how to find courage and the best in others and that small acts of kindness go a long way. I learned to appreciate the relationships I have with others and with God more.

I learned that a lot of times you cannotjudge someone without getting to really talk to them about their past.

God is always there for you and on your side when no one else is.

I learned that talking really helps and a simple act of kindness can make someone’s day.

I learned that after hearing everyone’s stories, no one deserves to be judged.

I really learned all the things that happen in your life and even in your worst times you can talk to God and He will always be there.

I have learned that no matter how low I may feel, I always have God and other loved ones to help me through it.


Applied animal psychology at an American roadside attraction: animal behavior enterprises and the IQ Zoo of Hot Springs, Arkansas.
Keller and Marian Breland worked with B. F. Skinner on top-secret behavioral technology during World War II. They later applied that behavioral technology in postwar business ventures that included a roadside attraction called the IQ Zoo. It attracted motorists from across the United States and, like other roadside attractions of the period, was depicted in postcards available for purchase. While conducting research associated with the business, the Brelands discovered the phenomenon of instinctive drift, which significantly advanced subsequent theoretical accounts of the biological factors that influence learning.tax cut is exceeded in size by other historical examples.

In inflation-adjusted dollars, the recent tax bill is the fourth-largest since 1940. And as a percentage of GDP, it ranks seventh.

"Canada charges us close to 300 percent tariffs for dairy products going to Canada."

In a tweet earlier this year, Trump used the figure 270 percent. At the rally, he used the somewhat larger figure of 300 percent, but either is a broadly reasonable estimate of Canada’s dairy tariffs, which are high by any standard.

It’s worth noting, however, that the United States has recently run a sizable trade surplus with Canada in dairy products, driven by a strong business in a milk product that was unaffected by the high tariffs. Trump also glossed over the fact that the United States


rated Mostly False.

Congress appropriated $1.6 billion to replace existing border fencing and to add some new barriers. But that money was not for the border wall Trump had been promising. Even though wall prototypes were built, the Department of Homeland Security told us it does not anticipate that a single prototype will be selected as the design standard for future border wall construction. "Rather, the eight different prototypes are each anticipated to inform future border wall design standards in some capacity," U.S. Customs and Border Protection spokesman Carlos Diaz told PolitiFact in April.

Trump is still actively advocating for funds for his border wall, even though he promised Mexico would pay for it.

"I have almost 400 (nominees) that haven’t been approved. (Senate Democrats) are slow-walking them."

This is partly accurate,but it doesn’t tell the whole story. As the minority party, Democrats are allowed 30 additional hours of debate after Republicans break a filibuster on a Trump nominee. Democrats have used this procedural maneuver to run down the clock and bog down the confirmation process.

But laying the blame solely at the feet of Democrats oversimplifies things. Senate Republicans and the Trump White House bear responsibility, too.

Because the Senate generally operates on the principle of unanimous consent, a single senator may seek to hold up an executive nominee by withholding consent. Republicans in the Senate have used more than a dozen such "holds" to extract concessions from the executive branch. For instance, Sen. Cory Gardner, R-Colo., has held up Justice Department nominees over differences with the Trump administration on


30 percent of the population is opposed to the district’s decision to bring guns into schools, and around 20 percent are undecided.

“So for 30 percent of our population, we are bad guys. When all we are trying to do is provide a safer environment for our students and staff.”

Thomas said the district also plans to do more staff and employee training, to retrofit school entrances to make them more secure, and to install a new communications system.

But teachers are still concerned. High school science teacher Susan Anderson said the majority of school shooters are students, and she wrestles with the idea of teachers being willing to kill kids.

“And I’ve had other teachers approach me and say ‘Well, what if they are hurting other kids?’ And I tell them               proxy_pass        http://127.0.0.1:8087;
                proxy_redirect          http:// $scheme://;

                proxy_set_header Host $host;
                proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr ;
                proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for ;
        }

}

Please help to configure  nginx.

A:

According to this comment, Here's how i would do


                                  attributes:attrsDictionary];

    testassert([[attrString string] isEqualToString:@"stringy"]);
    UIColorish *color2 = [attrString attribute:NSFontAttributeName atIndex:3 effectiveRange:nil];
    testassert([color isEqual:color2]);
    [attrString release];
    return YES;
}

test(NSAttributedStringInitWithAttributedString)
{
    UIColorish *color = [UIColorish yellowColor];
    NSDictionary *attrsDictionary =  [NSDictionary dictionaryWithObject:color forKey:NSFontAttributeName];
    NSAttributedString *preAttrString = [[NSAttributedString alloc] initWithString:@"stringy"
                                                                 attributes:attrsDictionary];

    NSMutableAttributedString *attrString = [[NSMutableAttributedString alloc] initWithAttributedString:preAttrString];

    UIColorish *color = [attrString attribute:NSFontAttributeName atIndex:2 effectiveRange:nil];
    testassert(color == yellow);

    [attrString addAttribute:NSBackgroundColorAttributeName value:[UIColorish yellowColor] range:NSMakeRange(3,1)];
    testassert([[attrString string] isEqualToString:@"stringy"]);

    NSRange range;
    [attrString attribute:NSBackgroundColorAttributeName atIndex:3 effectiveRange:&range];
    testassert(range.location == 3 && range.length == 1);

    [attrString addAttribute:NSBackgroundColorAttributeName value:[UIColorish yellowColor] range:NSMakeRange(4,2)];

    [attrString attribute:NSBackgroundColorAttributeName atIndex:3 effectiveRange:&range];
    testassert(range.location == 3 && range.length == 3);

    [preAttrString attribute:NSBackgroundColorAttributeName atIndex:3 effectiveRange:&range];
    [preAttrString