convincing evidence that one of the exceptions set forth in article 13b or 20 of the Convention applies[.]"). In contrast, the remaining defenses (i.e., child is "settled," pursuant to Article 12; "plaintiff was not actually exercising custody rights," pursuant to Article 13(a); and child "objects," pursuant to Article 13) need only be established by a preponderance of evidence. See 42 U.S.C. § 11603(e)(2)(B) (respondent bears the burden of establishing "by a preponderance of the evidence that any other exception set forth in article 12 or 13 of the Convention applies.").
[11]  The court noted that "[t]he careful and thorough fulfillment of our treaty obligations stands not only to protect children abducted to the United States, but also to protect American children abducted to other nations  whose courts,you need to use it anytime and carry it anyplace you need. The objects are designed to face up to day by day stress. So, in case you have an inclination to deal with merchandise roughly, you possibly can nonetheless purchase these playing cards to final endlessly. For a correct set of Hiragana vocabulary, these 104 playing cards are packed below a protected and safe inflexible field packaging. You’ll be able to procure this stuff from dependable on-line shops. The playing cards are impeccably designed for Japanese newcomers. Even the tutors and lecturers would possibly pay money for these playing cards to show the Japanese language to college students in a powerful method. An Enticing approach to be taught Japanese: These flashcards are an ideal and engaging approach


different sites.

In this study, we therefore compared the effect of treefall disturbance events on forest composition and diversity in four contrasting sites that sample the full range of functional composition that occurs within upland forests in Amazonia. Rather than a test of the intermediate disturbance hypothesis, this study therefore explores how functional composition influences the resilience of these communities to disturbance. There is wide variation in the functional composition of Amazonian forests (e.g. Baker *et al*. [2004](#jec12529-bib-0003){ref-type="ref"}; ter Steege *et al*. [2006](#jec12529-bib-0052){ref-type="ref"}) and highly variable and sometimes exceptional alpha (Gentry [1988](#jec12529-bib-0024){ref-type="ref"}; ter Steege *et al*. [2003](#jec12529-bib-0051){ref-type="ref"}) and beta‐diversity (Tuomisto *et al*. [1995](#jec12529-bib-0055){ref-type="ref"}). These patterns make Amazonia a valuable and important location for testing this idea.

The variation among Amazonian forests in the abundance of species with different growth rates and traits related tofor each site, we identified 20 × 20 m patches of forest within one‐hectare plots that (i) had experienced a substantial tree mortality event (disturbed subplots) and (ii) had not been affected by tree mortality since the beginning of monitoring, 16.6 ± 1.6 years ago across all sites (control subplots).

Subplot selection proceeded in three steps:

Prior to visiting each plot, the annual rate of basal area loss was calculated for each census interval for each subplot. These data were compiled to create the distribution of annual rates of basal area loss at a scale of 20 × 20 m for each plot. As mortality events of large trees are rare, these distributions are highly skewed, with few census intervals and subplots experiencing high rates of basal area loss. In order to sample these rare events, we therefore chose


density, seed mass, maximum height, intrinsic foliar nitrogen concentration and leaf mass per unit area (LMA) were calculated using published data. The selected traits are all related to species' competitive and/or colonizing ability (e.g. wood density values are typically inversely related to high maximum growth rates; Muller‐Landau [2004](#jec12529-bib-0040){ref-type="ref"}; Poorter *et al*. [2008](#jec12529-bib-0044){ref-type="ref"}). Published values, rather than direct measurements for every stem, underestimate the variance of trait values within a plot but provide good estimates of community‐level means (Baraloto *et al*. [2010](#jec12529-bib-0007){ref-type="ref"}). We therefore used these data to compare the effect of disturbance on community‐level mean values, but did not explore the effects on functional diversity. We also acknowledge that the trait values that we used were measured for adult trees and may vary during ontogeny. However, the approach is consistentsimilar compared to the substantial variation among the four forests (Figs [3](#jec12529-fig-0003){ref-type="fig"} and S3). Across all four sites, there was a significant increase in stem number with 20.3 ± 7.6 more stems in the disturbed compared to the control subplots -- overall, an increase of 20.9% (Fig. [3](#jec12529-fig-0003){ref-type="fig"}) -- demonstrating that the disturbance events were followed by subsequent forest regrowth. In addition, the size of the gaps and timing of our sampling were appropriate for detecting pioneer species which very likely established as a result of the focal disturbance event. For example, stems of just five, strongly light‐demanding genera (*Carica, Cecropia, Cestrum, Vismia, Zanthoxylum*) were found in the disturbed subplots of almost half of the subplot pairs (23 of 49 pairs 47%); *Cecropia* was found in the disturbed subplot of 15 pairs.


The disturbed plots showed similar, small increases in diversity in each site, irrespective of the measure used to quantify diversity (Fig. [5](#jec12529-fig-0005){ref-type="fig"}). This pattern is related to the small changes in functional composition of these stands following disturbance. Although disturbance did favour the growth of some taxa with specific functional traits such as low wood density (Fig. [4](#jec12529-fig-0004){ref-type="fig"}), the fact that few species in tropical forests are strictly dependent on gap formation for regeneration (e.g. Wright *et al*. [2003](#jec12529-bib-0058){ref-type="ref"}) is likely to have precluded strong effects of disturbance on diversity. In general, the proportion of species in any community at different points along the competition/colonization trade‐off is likely to be the crucial factor for determining how disturbance influences diversity (Cadotte [2007](#jec12529-bib-0011){ref-type="ref"}; Haddad *et al*. [2008](#jec12529-bib-0027){ref-type="ref"}). The experimental and modelling studies that havebeen used to demonstrate the importance of functional composition for predicting the effect of disturbance have used a wide range of comparatively extreme treatments to demonstrate these effects (Cadotte [2007](#jec12529-bib-0011){ref-type="ref"}; Haddad *et al*. [2008](#jec12529-bib-0027){ref-type="ref"}). In contrast, based on this study, in tropical forests, where few species occur at the extremes of this trade‐off and many species are intermediate, strong positive effects of treefall disturbance events on diversity appear unlikely.

Although the effects of disturbance on alpha‐diversity were generally small, in southern Peru, there was a significant, positive impact of disturbance on diversity (Fig. [5](#jec12529-fig-0005){ref-type="fig"}). In this site, the increase in diversity is related to the sensitivity of the most common shade‐tolerant species to disturbance: the most abundant species, *Rinorea viridifolia* (Violaceae), declined markedly in relative abundance, from 7.7 to 3.3%, between


that is emanating from offshore and coming in to a Thai bank account, that's probably going to go ahead and work. We did another video on that particular topic on this channel.

But the thing to take away is I think those who are currently holders of a work permit, no need to fret with respect to the recent changes in the rules imposed by Immigration for marriage visa holders, as the holders of work permits and a Thai marriage visa don't seem to be adversely impacted by these changes in regulations.of course on the load, and with a very high ripple) where the Marx can only generate very distinct pulses of high voltage with a comparably high off time.

Further discussion of this difference should be taken to another thread.

I I performed some design changes. I placed the caps from the other side of the board to keep them far away from the diode connections. I also made a new HV resistor which holds.

I started checking the main corona losses. And I immediately found what was sparking inside the device last time. One cap had a failure and was side-sparking over (funny thing is that this was a completely new cap, which I’ve made recently. Old caps disassembled from my old Marx are still fine despite the corona stress).

I


Health-related quality of life in patients with atopic dermatitis.
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic relapsing condition that can have considerable effects on the patients' quality of life (QOL). The aim of this study was to measure the health-related QOL in patients with AD, using generic and specific instruments, to compare the scores obtained by different instruments and to verify the relationship between them. We conducted a cross-sectional study of 132 outpatients with AD. To assess the QOL, Short Form 36 (SF-36), Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI) and Children's Dermatology Life Quality Index (CDLQI) were administered. In order to assess the disease severity of AD, we used the Eczema Area and Severity Index (EASI) and physician assessment of disease severity. Stressful life events during the last 12 months were# -*- indent-tabs-mode: nil; -*-
# vim:ft=perl:et:sw=4
# $Id$

# Sympa - SYsteme de Multi-Postage Automatique
#
# Copyright (c) 1997, 1998, 1999 Institut Pasteur & Christophe Wolfhugel
# Copyright (c) 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005,
# 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010, 2011 Comite Reseau des Universites
# Copyright (c) 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017 GIP RENATER
# Copyright 2017, 2018, 2019 The Sympa Community. See the AUTHORS.md file at
# the top-level directory of this distribution and at
# <https://github.com/sympa-community/sympa.git>.
#
# This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
# the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
# (at your option) any later version.
#
# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be


divided by (109662/8952)/(19/12 + -1).
7
Suppose -p - 371*q + 372*q = -798, 5*q - 780 = -p. What is the remainder when p is divided by 114?
111
Suppose 9*a - 3*a + 0*a = 0. Suppose 0 = o + 2*y - 13, 5*y = o - a*y - 27. What is the remainder when (5 - 1)/(((-5)/1)/(-55)) is divided by o?
10
Let o be ((-9)/(-3))/1*3. Suppose -o*u - 13 = -4. What is the remainder when u - (-4 - 58)*(-1)/(-2) is divided by 8?
6
Let s(x) = 8*x**2 + 49*x + 250. What is the remainder when s(-11) is divided by 138?
127
Let x be (44/6)/(12/9 + -2). Let i = x + 13. Suppose t + 6 = a - 5, 2*a - 10 = -i*t. What is thei + 4*i = 242, -517 = -2*d + 5*i. Is d a composite number?
False
Suppose -3*s + 0*s + 22 = 5*g, 3*g = 5*s - 14. Let i = 0 + 5. Suppose i*r - 191 = -4*b, r - g*b = b + 23. Is r a composite number?
True
Let m be 12*-3*(-1)/6. Is m/(-21) - 1866/(-14) prime?
False
Let v = -6 + 12. Suppose -2*n + 4 = -0. Is 4/v*21/n a prime number?
True
Is (0 + 3)/(3/877) a composite number?
False
Suppose -4*p = 12 + 8. Let z(v) = 2*v**2 + 3*v - 4. Is z(p) a prime number?
True
Let b(j) = -2*j**3 - 7*j**2 - 5*j + 4. Is b(-7) prime?
False
Suppose 2*q + 28 = 4*q. Is q composite?
True
Let q(j) = 3*j**2 - 12*j - 11. Is q(18)


of the limit of a sequence can be generalized to directed (partially ordered) sets.

The limit of a function (mapping).

Let and be topological spaces, , an accumulation point (or a cluster point) of , and let be a mapping from into . A point is called a limit of the mapping at (or, as one says, as approaches ), in symbols,

if for any neighbourhood of in there is a neighbourhood of in , such that for any point the image belongs to : . In other words, if . If is a Hausdorff space, then the mapping can have only one limit at a given point .

In the case where and is an accumulation point of , a limit of the restriction of to is called a limit ofon , in symbols,

If , , is an accumulation point of , and exists, then the limit of at also exists on and

If , and the limits

exist, then the limit

also exists.

In considering the limit of a mapping (function) , , as , it may happen that or, on the other hand, . The case is of special interest, because it leads to the concept of a continuous function: If , is a Hausdorff space and , then for the mapping to be continuous at it is necessary and sufficient that

always exists, for any mapping , i.e. any mapping is continuous at all isolated points of its domain. Therefore, the concept of a limit of a mapping, in particular, of continuity, is non-trivial only for limit points of the


set being mapped (cf. Limit point of a set). In the classical case of the limit of a function it is usually assumed that , i.e. does not belong to the set on which the limit is taken.

If the space satisfies the first axiom of countability at the point and the space is Hausdorff, then for the existence of the limit of a mapping , , it is necessary and sufficient that for any sequence , such that , the limit exists. If this condition holds, the limit does not depend on the choice of the sequence , and the common value of these limits is the limit of at .

The limit of a sequence of points in a topological space is a special case of the limitof a mapping (function): in this case , the set of natural numbers with the discrete topology, , , and a neighbourhood of in is any subset of the form , where is a natural number.

The concept of the limit of a multiple sequence, i.e. of a sequence the members of which are indexed by integral multi-indices, is also a special case of the limit of a mapping.

An intrinsic criterion for the existence of the limit of a mapping at a given point (called the Cauchy criterion) in the case where the space is first countable at and is a complete metric space, is that the limit exists if and only if for each there is a neighbourhood of in such that for all points and satisfying the


condition , the inequality holds. In particular, this criterion is valid if is the set of real or complex numbers.

Some properties of the limit.

If is a metric space, , , and the limit exists, then there is a neighbourhood of such that the image of the intersection of the set being mapped and the neighbourhood under the mapping is a bounded subset of .

If a function , , where is the set of real numbers, has a finite non-zero limit at a point , then there exist a neighbourhood of and a number such that for all points the inequalities

are satisfied.

If is a topological group (in particular, an Abelian group with group operation written additively), , , and , then the limit exists and equals if and onlyif the function has a limit at which is equal to the identity element of (respectively, the function has a limit at which is equal to zero — such functions are called infinitesimal functions).

If is a linear topological space over a field, , and , then the limit of a linear combination of and at is equal to the same linear combination of their limits at the same point:

If is the set of real or complex numbers, (such functions are called numerical) and , then

if , then

and in this case, by the limit is meant the limit of the restriction of to the intersection of the set being mapped and some neighbourhood of , such that on this intersection the quotient is defined. If , , and the


limits and exist, then

If and are obtained from the set of real numbers by completing it either with an infinity without a sign or by two signed infinities and , and , , and , then the definition of the limit of a function as defined above is the classical definition of a finite or infinite limit of a real-valued function of one real variable. Similarly, if the spaces and are obtained by completing the set of complex numbers by the infinity , then the definition of a (finite or infinite) limit of a function of a complex variable is obtained. On the other hand, if the space is obtained by completing (), , by the infinity , then the definition of a finite or infinite limit ofthe concept of the limit of a mapping (function). A sufficiently general concept of a limit, including all fundamental cases in a certain sense, is the concept of the limit of a mapping with respect to a filter.

The limit of a filter.

Let be a topological space, , let be a base for its topology, and let be a filter on (i.e. a non-empty family of non-empty subsets of such that for any there is an such that and such that every subset of containing an belongs to ). A point is called a limit of the filter , or its limit point, if is stronger than the filter consisting of a local base for the topology at , i.e. for any there is an such that .

Let be


filter on . A point is called the limit of the mapping with respect to the filter , in symbols,

if the filter consisting of all sets , , has as its limit in .

If is the set of natural numbers, is a mapping from into a topological space , , , and is the natural filter, then the limit of with respect to in coincides with the usual limit of the sequence in .

If in , the filter on is the product of two natural filters , i.e. it consists of all sets of the form , where , and if is a mapping from into a topological space , , , then the limit of with respect to in coincides with the usual limit of the doublesequence in .

Let the elements of a set , in turn, be the sets consisting of a partition of some interval , , and points , i.e.

Let (for any ) be the subset of consisting of all elements for which the mesh of the partition appearing in is smaller than , i.e.

The system is a filter. Every real-valued function defined on induces a mapping of into by the formula

Therefore, is the Riemann sum of corresponding to .

The limit of in with respect to coincides with the usual limit of the Riemann sums of as the mesh of the partition converges to zero. This coincidence holds in the sense that both limits simultaneously exist or not, and if they do so, then they are equal and coincide with the


Riemann integral of over .

The limit of a mapping of topological spaces with respect to a filter.

Let and be topological spaces, , let be a filter on , and let be a mapping from into . A point is called the limit of the mapping at with respect to the filter if is the limit of and is the limit of ; notation:

If is a neighbourhood base at , and the filter consists of all "punctured" neighbourhoods of , , then the limit coincides with the usual limit of at , i.e. it generalizes the classical definition of the limit of a mapping as formulated in terms of neighbourhoods. An immediate generalization of the concept of the limit of a sequence is the limit of a directed setall , then there is a unique morphism such that . Notation: .

Dually, the inductive limit (or directed limit) of consists of an object together with morphisms such that for all and such that if, moreover, and are such that for all , then there is a unique morphism such that . Notation: .

These are very general notions and include direct products and direct sums (when every pair of points in is incomparable). In case is directed (cf. Directed set), the idea of better and better approximations again reemerges; cf. e.g. Topological vector space.

More generally one also considers projective and inductive limits of diagrams in categories (cf. Diagram).

Still another limit concept is that of the limit of a spectral sequence: If the spectral sequence converges to, say, ,


Senator Rand Paul, of Kentucky, seems to have no problem contradicting himself. The self-proclaimed "constitutional conservative" is typically lost in libertarian thought leading him to make inflammatory sexist, racist and overbearingly hypocritical comments on nearly every issue he faces. Whether he's attempting to police women's bodies, ignoring police brutality for stingy tobacco taxes, or speaking out against vaccines and posting himself receiving booster shots only days later, Ron Paul's son is one politician you can unabashedly hate or enjoy laughing at.

1. When Paul spoke out against vaccines:

"I have heard of many tragic cases of walking, talking normal children who wound up with profound mental disorders after vaccines."

[[{“type”:”media”,”view_mode”:”media_large”,”fid”:”597378″,”attributes”:{“alt”:””,”class”:”media-image”,”height”:”480″,”typeof”:”foaf:Image”,”width”:”361″}}]]

Rand Paul / Twitter

2. When he backed voter ID laws:

"I don't think there's a problem with showing your ID, but I doWhen he spoke out against Medicare and providing seniors food:

“It’s curious that only in Washington can you spend $2 billion and claim that you’re saving money.”

6. When he responded to Barack Obama's State of the Union:

"We are the party that adheres to the Constitution. We will not let the liberals tread on the Second Amendment! We will fight to defend the entire Bill of Rights. We will stand up against excessive government power wherever we see it. We cannot and will not allow any President to act as if he were a king. We will not let any President use executive orders to impinge on the Second Amendment."

7. When he warned that the Patriot Act is a threat to gun rights:

“Unless you want a government that can enter


blamed Hillary Clinton for the ISIS conflict:

“One of the people I blame for a lot of this, frankly, is Hillary Clinton."

“The disaster that is Libya is now a breeding ground for terrorists and also a breeding ground for armament. I really do blame Hillary Clinton’s war in Libya for creating a lot of the chaos that is now spreading throughout the Middle East.”

17. When he blamed Eric Garner’s death on New York City's cigarette tax:

“I think it is important to know that some politician put a tax of $5.85 on a pack of cigarettes so that driven cigarettes underground by making them so expensive. But then some politician also had to direct the police say, ‘hey we want you arresting people for selling a loose cigarette.’ For someoneview, a passionate kiss can be a real medical marvel: myocardium is strengthened, body temperature rises, adrenaline and dopamine ease your pain, burning calories while they do so to boot.

The current world record for the longest kiss is 58 hours, 38 minutes and 58 seconds. Granted, this kind of snogging is a little overzealous and not recommended for your everyday routine, but it’s still a more exciting (and cheaper) alternative to conventional disease prevention.

---

This article is part of our Behind the Numbers series, illustrating newsworthy stats with artistic design and a brief analysis.

Participate

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You’ve reached the end of the article, but your Cafébabel adventure has just begun!
You can DONATE however much you’d like to help Cafébabel finance its quality reporting projects as well as its team of professional journalists.
The


  {
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        MetadataService.CustomField customField = new MetadataService.CustomField();
        customField.fullName = 'Test__c.TestField__c';
        customField.label = 'Test Field';
        customField.type_x = 'Text';
        customField.length = 42;
        List<MetadataService.SaveResult> results =
            service.createMetadata(
                new MetadataService.Metadata[] { customField });        that the controller had been removed. The invoice he

was given documented replaced parts, but did not identify the controller. Plaintiff had the same

sticking problems with the replacement controller (although he thought it was the old controller).

The experts examined the replacement controller.

B. Procedural History

        On September 23, 2009, Plaintiff filed an eight-count products liability complaint against

Defendants.1 Defendants filed several motions, including a motion for summary judgment, and a

motion in limine to bar any expert testimony offered by Plaintiff. After Plaintiff provided

Defendants with an expert report from Gary A. Derian, the court denied Defendants’ motion, but

allowed Defendants to depose Derian, file a Daubert motion, and supplement its motion for

summary judgment. After deposing Derian, Defendants filed a motion to exclude his proposed

expert testimony and


warranty of

merchantability claims. The court granted summary judgment on Plaintiff’s failure to warn and

marketing defect claims because Plaintiff failed to establish that Defendants had actual or

constructive knowledge of the alleged design defect. Relatedly the court held that because

Plaintiff did not establish actual or constructive knowledge, Defendants were entitled to

summary judgment on Plaintiff’s gross negligence claim.

       This left two causes of action for trial—one count of design defect and one count of

breach of implied warranty. Defendants filed more motions in limine. At the hearing on

Defendants’ motions in limine, Plaintiff made an oral motion to exclude as inadmissible hearsay

two of Defendants’ exhibits listed on the joint final pretrial order: the “Warranty documents

relating to subject incident” (“Warranty Claim”), Defendants’ Exhibit 108; and “Customer

Contact relating tomanager since 2007. Bechtel

offered his expert opinion testimony as to tractor and loader operations and maintenance. He

also opined as to Defendants’ record keeping system, including the Customer Contact Form and

Warranty Claim documents. Bechtel testified that “the cause of the sticking” incident “was the

                                                  5
lack of lubrication or lack of proper maintenance.” Defendants also presented the testimony of

two other experts. Ralph Shirley, a professional engineer with a master’s degree in agricultural

engineering, opined that Plaintiff’s accident occurred “as a result of


admission of purchase records under Fed.

R. Evid. 803(6) de novo), United States v. Dakota, 197 F.3d 821, 827 (6th Cir. 1999) (reviewing

admission of documents under the business records exception de novo); with Trepel v. Roadway

Express, Inc., 194 F.3d 708, 716-17 (6th Cir.1999) (holding that General Electric Co. v. Joiner,

522 U.S. 136, 118 (1997), silently overruled this court's “heretofore well-settled precedent that

hearsay evidentiary rulings are reviewed de novo” and requires abuse-of-discretion review). Yet

as we also explained in United States v. Baker, “these two standards of review are not in fact

inconsistent, because ‘it is an abuse of discretion to make errors of law or clear errors of factual

determination.’” 458 F.3d 513, 517 (6th Cir. 2006). See also id. at 517 n.6 (noting that in

United States v. McDaniel, 398 F.3d 540,(C) making the record was a regular practice of that activity;
       (D) all these conditions are shown by the testimony of the custodian or another
       qualified witness, or by a certification that complies with Rule 902(11) or (12) or
       with a statute permitting certification; and
       (E) neither the source of information nor the method or circumstances of
       preparation indicate a lack of trustworthiness.
This court has held that business records are properly admitted under this exception if they

satisfy four requirements:

       (1) they must have been made in the course of regularly conducted business


to submit warranty claims to Defendants via the Kubotalink system. (K. App.

19; Ex. 1, Bechtel Aff. ¶7). Summit Power’s dealer agreement required Summit Power to

“follow Kubota’s procedures for handling matters covered under a Kubota limited warranty,

including for submitting Warranty Claims.” (Id.). The technician was an employee of Summit

Power who was working with Ann and Carroll to diagnose the problem with the controller, as

required under Summit Power’s business relationship with Defendants.                Therefore, the

technician was a participant in the chain producing the record in the course of his regular

                          pursuant to the spoliation jury

instruction.”

                                               14
          However, by the time of trial, there was no manufacturing defect claim before the jury.

That claim, Count II of his complaint, was dismissed on summary judgment. The district court

deemed the claim abandoned because Plaintiff failed to address it in his response to Defendants’

motion for summary judgment. Plaintiff did not seek reconsideration of that claim in the district

court. Moreover, Plaintiff has not challenged the district court’s dismissal of


The shape of the travelling ruck at six instants of time. (The time of each profile is given by the position of the corresponding symbol in (a)). The solution of the heavy elastica equation with the same value of ${\mbox{$\Delta L$}}=1.05$ is shown by the solid curve.[]{data-label="dynexpts"}](fig3 "fig:"){width="6.5cm"}

To derive the equations governing the dynamical motion of a ruck, we use the approach of [@coleman92; @goriely02] albeit modified to include the vertical acceleration due to gravity. Resolving the stress within the sheet into horizontal, $f^{(h)}$, and vertical, $f^{(v)}$, components, we may write the horizontal and vertical force balances as $$f^{(h)}_S=X_{TT},\quad f^{(v)}_S=Y_{TT}-1,
\label{eq:dynforce}$$ while the torque balance gives $$\theta_{SS}-\frac{g{\ell_g}}{E/\rho }\theta_{TT}=f^{(h)}Y_S-f^{(v)}X_S,
\label{eq:dyntheta}$$ in which $E$ is the Young’s modulus of the sheet and $T\equiv t(g/{\ell_g})^{1/2}$ is dimensionless time.

The experimental results presented in fig. \[dynexpts\]must be exactly that of the static ruck with the same value of ${\mbox{$\Delta L$}}$. This point is illustrated in fig. \[dynexpts\]b where we see that while the ruck is propagating with a constant speed, its shape is indistinguishable from that of a static ruck with the same value of ${\mbox{$\Delta L$}}$.

It is a simple matter to solve numerically the eigenproblem with boundary conditions analogous to . The linearized problem may be solved analytically giving the effective tension in terms of the ruck height $\delta\equiv d/{\ell_g}$ $${\sigma}+c^2\approx3.962\delta^{-1/2}.
\label{eq:asyspeed}$$

\[c\][${\sigma}+c^2$]{} \[c\][$\delta$]{} \[c\][$d \mathrm{~(m)}$]{} \[c\][$\sqrt{g {\ell_g}}c\mathrm{~(m/s)}$]{} ![(Color online) Main figure: Logarithmic plot of the effective tension, ${\sigma}+c^2$, (see text) measured experimentally for rucks in mylar sheets as a function of the dimensionless ruck height, $\delta\equiv d/{\ell_g}$. Experimental points are shown for different sheet


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        updateRelativeLengthsInformation();

    if (auto renderer = this->renderer())
        RenderSVGResource::markForLayoutAndParentResourceInvalidation(*renderer);
}

RenderPtr<RenderElement> SVGTextPathElement::createElementRenderer(RenderStyle&& style, const RenderTreePosition&)
{
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}

bool SVGTextPathElement::childShouldCreateRenderer(const Node& child) const
{
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        return true;

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bool SVGTextPathElement::rendererIsNeeded(const RenderStyle& style)
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        return StyledElement::rendererIsNeeded(style);

   Q:

Authentication with hashing

I need to make a connection to an API using a complicated authentication process that I don't understand.
I know it involves multiple steps and I have tried to mimic it, but I find the documentation to be very confusing...
The idea is that I make a request to an endpoint which will return a token to me that I need to use to make a websocket connection.
I did get a code sample which is in Python that I don't know the syntax of, but I can use it as a guide to convert it to C#-syntax.
This is the Python code sample:
import time, base64, hashlib, hmac, urllib.request, json

api_nonce = bytes(str(int(time.time()*1000)), "utf-8")
api_request = urllib.request.Request("https://www.website.com/getToken", b"nonce=%s" % api_nonce)
api_request.add_header("API-Key", "API_PUBLIC_KEY")
api_request.add_header("API-Sign", base64.b64encode(hmac.new(base64.b64decode("API_PRIVATE_KEY"), b"/getToken" + hashlib.sha256(api_nonce + b"nonce=%s" % api_nonce).digest(), hashlib.sha512).digest()))

print(json.loads(urllib.request.urlopen(api_request).read())['result']['token'])

So I have


up over the years, C++ still gives them a run for their money.
C++ isn't easy. You will get great performance out of more modern compiled languages like Rust, Golang or Swift. But it shouldn't be much worse if you go for a JIT language. I.e. don't use the CPython interpreter; use IronPython or Jython, or Node, or C# or Java.
GPU programming requires a different approach and I would advise against it at this point.
Language choice for machine learning
The problem with TensorFlow is that it is very low-level. It is more about writing number-crunching algorithms (which can be farmed out to parallel hardware) than about an interface dedicated to machine learning.
Of course, it can be a great learning experience! And is certainly very worthwhile learning today. However, you maydebate has been loaded with personal prejudices, social agendas, intellectual fads and fashions. Few scientific controversies have evoked such passions.

The debate has gone through several rounds since 1963, when Konrad Lorenz published "On Aggression." Lorenz, sometimes called the father of ethology, the study of animal behavior, proposed that humans share with other animal species an inborn killer instinct, which we lack the capacity to control.

Other scientists vehemently disagreed. They drew attention to a few apparently non-aggressive human societies that have survived in remote corners of the globe, and to our primate cousins, the great apes in particular, which seemed at that time to live without aggression toward their own kind.

Subsequent field studies by Jane Goodall, Dian Fossey and others showed that apes are not as peaceable as they


Active site occupancy required for catalytic cooperativity by Escherichia coli transcription termination factor Rho.
Escherichia coli transcription termination factor Rho exhibits the phenomenon of catalytic cooperativity. The catalytic rate per site is 30-fold faster when all three sites are filled with substrate ATP than when only a single site is occupied (Stitt, B. L., and Xu, Y. (1998) J. Biol. Chem. 273, 26477-26486). Experiments presented here investigate whether all three active sites must be filled or whether only two occupied sites are required for catalytic cooperativity. The results indicate that all three Rho catalytic sites must be filled with substrate to achieve the enhanced catalytic rate, both in pre-steady-state and in steady-state hydrolysis. They further suggest that, once the enzyme is saturated with ATP, a V(max) enzyme conformation isbiliary obstruction with ipsilateral vascular encasement resulting in ipsilateral hepatic lobe atrophy with contralateral hepatic lobe hypertrophy).

A frequent diagnostic dilemma is the distinction of benign from malignant biliary duct strictures. Up to 15% of suspicious biliary strictures are postoperatively found to be benign. IgG4 serum concentrations need to be evaluated to rule out IgG4 cholangiopathy. In non-PSC patients with benign biliary strictures, CA 19-9 serum concentrations of \<100 U/L have a negative predictive value (NPV) of 92%.[@b40-gnl-11-013] In PSC patients, a CA 19-9 cutoff of 129 U/L has a positive predictive value of 57% and a NPV of 99% for CCA.[@b41-gnl-11-013] However, CA 19-9 elevations \>129 U/L have been reported in 30% to 37% of PSC patients without cholangiocarcinogenesis on long-term follow-up, and its specificity significantly decreases in


                                                                                Any N   M1

TNM, tumor, node, metastasis.

######

TNM and American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC)/Union for International Cancer Control (UICC) Staging Systems for Distal Extrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma

  TNM stage         Criteria  No differences were obtained either in number of tumors or tumors per rat for group C as compared to group E. Fecal absence was associated with smaller-sized tumors (p = 0.007), greater numbers of non-mucinous tumors (p = 0.00009), better differentiation (p = 0.0054), and lesser penetration into the wall (p = 0.015) for group E as compared to group C. In the dimethylhydrazine group, fecal absence altered the number of tumors developing in males as compared to female rats (p = 0.025). Moreover, this fecal absence showed no inhibitory effect on right colonic tumors (p = 0.0065). fecal absence alters the DMH-carcinogenic pattern in the defunctionalized colon when using an experimental model in both male and female rats.


  if BEAST_MODE then
            return 6
        end
        return 6.4 + timeSaveFor("spearow")
    end,

    old_man = function()
        return 6.75 + timeSaveFor("spearow")
    end,

    forest = function()
        return 9.33 + timeSaveFor("spearow")
    end,

    brock = function()
        return 11 + timeSaveFor("spearow")
    end,

    shorts = function() --TWEET
        local timeLimit = 13.75 + timeSaveFor("spearow")
    can be googled, or googled well. There are some questions that cannot be answered instantly. There are some fears that cannot be soothed by scrolling on a phone. Take, for example, something as personal as a new diagnosis, or something as collective as climate change. Unknown futures of any kind cause us anxiety. We want reassurance, and we want knowledge of how it will go. We want information. But, sometimes what we actually need is wisdom. It would be easy at this point to launch into a tirade about the perils of technology addiction and what looks like our diminishing attentions spans. But, the problem of wanting quick answers to deeper questions is at least as old as today’s Gospel story.

As far as questions go, I think James


coming because of Jesus’ unsettling predictions. And their fate as his followers is unknown. They want to alleviate their anxiety, so they ask him their question. How will it be for us? It’s a question we all ask, an anxiety that we all know.

I hear two remarkable things in Jesus’ response. The first is a promise, which isn’t that all will be well, but that Jesus will be with us. The language he uses here is strange and poetic, that of a shared cup and a shared baptism with him. That sounds like church to me, like sacraments. And it rings true. Out of the blue, a friend recently wrote a letter about how he has experienced the presence of Jesus here at Christ Church. I know what}i, 1\leq i\leq r\}.$$ We define the **coordinate ring of $V:=V(I)$** as the ring $K[V]:=K[X_1,\ldots,X_n]/I$. The **function field $K(V)$ of $V$** is defined as the quotient field of $K[V]$. Set $x_i=X_i+I$ for each $i=1,\ldots, n$. Then $K[V]=K[\underline x]:=K[x_1,\ldots,x_n]$ and $K(V)=K(\underline x):=K(x_1,\ldots,x_n)$.

We define a topology $\mathcal Z(V)$ on $V$ by setting as open sets the sets of the form $V\setminus V(\mathcal I)$ where $\mathcal I$ runs over all the ideals of $K[\underline X]$. A function $f:V{\longrightarrow}K$ is said to be **regular** if there exist $U_f\in \mathcal
Z(V)$ and $g,h\in K[V]$ such that $h(p)\neq 0$ and $f(p)=g(p)/h(p)$ for every $p\in U_f$. Then every element in $K(V)$ can be seen as the equivalence class of a pair $(U_f,f)$ under the equivalence given by $(U_f,f)\sim (U_{f'},f')$ if and only if $f$ coincides with


who treat you inappropriately, whether by using abusive language or expecting you to be their servant, it is important to calmly but firmly set boundaries. With patients, insist that you be treated with respect, just as you are treating them with respect. Practice strong, clear phrases you can use in high-stress situations like, “Help me understand exactly what is wrong,” or “I will not tolerate this behavior.” Use communication to diffuse the situation by asking about the patient’s feelings and fears. Many times, a patient’s aggressiveness can be attributed to what they are feeling.

3. Always Remain Calm

No matter what situation you find yourself in, the most important thing you can do for yourself and your patients is to remain calm. When you keep a calm, level head, you’rethe same date. The judgment required publication on or before June 1, 1987. On the defendant's motion, that time was extended through and including July 1, 1987. On Wednesday, July 1, 1987, a preamble to the proposed rules, proposed rules amending Subchapter B, Part 405 and Subchapter C, Part 442 of the Code of Federal Regulations, and Appendices A through E were published in the Federal Register. 52 Fed.Reg. 24752-24888 (1987) (proposed July 1, 1987). On September 8, 1987, the plaintiffs and plaintiffs-in-intervention ("plaintiffs") filed a motion for contempt or in the alternative for an order of mandamus, asserting that the Secretary failed to publish an NPRM that meets the requirements of this court's judgment. The question is whether the proposed rule concerning Medicaid is consistent with this


the forms and details of the procedure and methodology are interpretive and procedural, and therefore fall within the exemptions to publication found at 5 U.S.C. § 553(b)(A).
The Secretary has misinterpreted the Memorandum Opinion and Order of March 27, 1987. It must be remembered that the mandate of the Court of Appeals directed this court to compel the Secretary to promulgate regulations to effectuate the congressional purpose. The law of this case is clear. Under the Act, the states are responsible for establishing health standards and for determining whether institutions meet and continue to satisfy the requirements for participation in the Medicaid program. However, Congress has directed that when the Secretary questions such determinations by the states, the Secretary can make independent and binding determinations as to which institutionsorganization requirement of the statute and, essentially, considered the matters of the peer review contracts and procedures as being procedural and interpretive agency action within the exemption at 5 U.S.C. § 553(b)(A). What is significantly different here is that the forms, procedures and methodology serve the dual functions of evaluating health care and establishing substantive requirements for the state and the provider facilities. The manner in which the Secretary regulates the states controls the manner in which the states regulate the facilities and that, in turn, controls the treatment of the residents. The consequence of a facility's failure to pass the certification survey is the loss of the provider agreement and that can certainly be considered a property right subject to due process protection. Accordingly, as previously noted


a short-sighted person peering with their glasses off. Similar to using a magnifying glass for those unfortunate "normal"-sighted people out there. While these things are very pleasing to me for a few moments of the day, there's frankly no discernible difference between a duller liner like this one and a more interesting one like BH.

Colour aside: the cake is a dream to apply, and leaves no clumps, globs, inconsistencies. Just a smooth filling in of all the gaps between lashes, resulting in a nice even lash line, and that illusion of luxuriance ... Little is needed, and there's less wastage than I've had with the cream/gel liners; given that they lasted a good year or two, this should be good for a while and thus a decent buy.The studio works on an array of project types, so your interest in new challenges across various mediums is key for this role. Examples include media art installations, multi-touch interactives, interpretive exhibitions, experimental filmmaking, branded story environments, web experiences, and limited-edition printed projects.

Skills and requirements:

We are looking for a creative leader (who is also an exceptional hands-on designer) with demonstrable experience in interactivity and design of digital interfaces. Strong candidates have mature design sensibilities (with at least 6 years of experience), are expert collaborators, have solid presentation skills, and maintain their expert knowledge of relevant Adobe Creative Suite applications. We’re also interested in hearing about any past work experience with public exhibit environments and/or environmental graphics.

Responsibilities will include:

-Provide strong strategic and conceptual thinking.
-Close collaboration with architects, exhibit designers,


filmmakers, and other project partners.
-Give daily direction and feedback for design team co-workers.
-Hands-on design work with efficient, self-motivated problem-solving.
-Utilize confidence and experience in regular client-facing communications.
-Lead presentations to share deliverables with clients and project partners.
-Balance multiple projects with composure, best utilizing the studio’s design team.
-Lead by example with the design work you are actively producing.

This is a full-time, salaried position with a suitable benefits package. Salary will depend on the experience of the applicant.by utilizing the CUETO predictive tables which are derived from the results of 4 Spanish randomized control trials involving patients receiving intravesical BCG therapy \[[@r7]\]. The CUETO model incorporates the same factors as the EORTC tables in addition to age and gender to generate expected 5 year recurrence rates ranging from 21--68% and 5 year rates of progression ranging from 4--34% \[[@r8]\].

On a population level, Wyszynski et al. used the New Hampshire State Cancer Registry to identify and follow 726 patients with NMIBC diagnosed over a 7 year period \[[@r9]\]. The overall risk of recurrence was 55% with a median follow-up of 5.6 years. In their multivariate model, they identified smoking history and BMI as being associated with both an accelerated time to recurrence and an increased risk


know about how to treat NMIBC is derived from randomized control trials, how that knowledge has been translated into clinical practice is largely demonstrated through population-based studies. The majority of these studies have highlighted a lack of compliance to guidelines and recommended treatment strategies.

Schrag et al. analyzed the SEER Medicare dataset to measure adherence to NCCN guideline surveillance strategies \[[@r19]\]. They found only 40% of patients received the minimum number of surveillance cystoscopies and 18% of patients underwent a cystoscopic examination in less than 2 of the 5 6-month intervals that composed their 3 year follow-up. Huang et al. utilized the SEER Patterns of Care project to examine the use of intravesical chemotherapy on a population-based level \[[@r20]\]. Despite Level I evidence demonstrating its effectiveness, only 42% ofWerbowy
, who is of Ukrainian descent but was raised in Canada, nabbed the cover of the first issue of Vogue
Ukraine. [Fashionista
]
To mark the 50th anniversary of the Elysée Treaty
, which ceremonially reconciled the nations of France and Germany after centuries of enmity, Karl Lagerfeld
made a drawing in which Marianne
is in a lesbian relationship with her German counterpart and they are raising François Hollande and Angela Merkel
as their kids. Precisely the incisive, hard-hitting brand of political commentary we've come to expect from Kaiser Karl. [WWD
]

The folks behind the trade title Nail Pro launched a consumer-focused title, Nail It!. The editor-in-chief admits that wearing super-long nails such as those recently popularized by Rihanna is "probably not" practical, but:

"I see these women, these nail artists who come out of eastern Europe,


       age = input("Enter Age: ")
        sex = input("Enter Sex: ")
        salary = input("Enter salary amount: ")
        no = input("Enter number")
        # query for adding data into table
        cursor.execute("INSERT INTO (%s) VALUES (%s, %s, %s, %s, %s, %s)", (table, first, last, age, sex, salary, no))
        db.commit()
        print("Data entered Succesfully")

    elif value == 3:
        print("Enter column name to be added")
    guanosine monophosphate synthetase at significantly lower levels than wild-type cells. In addition, expression of the mRNA for a specialized DNA polymerase, human terminal transferase encoded by the terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (DNTT) gene, was 122- and 93-fold higher in 6-TG- and 6-MP-resistant cells, respectively. The varying responses to 6-MP- and 6-TG observed here may help identify novel cellular targets and modalities of resistance to thiopurines, as well as indicating new potential approaches to individualization therapy with these drugs.


less all the possible points,” he says. “[But] it’s not just for me a matter of points.

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“He helped us a lot also into the development of the company, the development of the car, to stabilise the system. We are still growing up and we are quite young as a team, and he’s part of the balance of the system.”

In mid-2016, when the team was on course for its second 10th-place championship finish in three years, Sauber was acquired by the mysterious Longbow investment company (some say through loan default) with the word being that Finn Rausing of the famed Tetrapak-owning family was the prime mover. In a further twist, Sauber later moved from Longbow to a newly-registered vehicle, Islero Investments,the Arts. Tyler catches the eye of Nora (Jenna Dewan), a gifted ballet student who is trying to incorporate hip-hop moves into her classical routines. None of Nora's fellow students seem to be on the same page as her, but Tyler is a talented street dancer with strength, moves, and enthusiasm. Despite the misgivings of the school's administrators, Nora persuades Tyler to team up with her for a major class project. Tyler gains a new self-respect as he gives in to the discipline of the dance academy, but he wonders if this new opportunity means turning his back on who he really is. Matters become all the more complicated when Tyler and Nora realize they're falling in love. Step Up was the first directorial credit for choreographer Anne


noise that is atypical in ASD (blue curves), relative to a TD baseline (red curves). Elevated internal additive noise will result in increased thresholds at the flat portion of the curve (top left). Worse external noise filtering, on the other hand, causes increased thresholds at the rising portion of the curve (top right). A combination of the two should yield increased thresholds across all levels of external noise levels (bottom left). A similar pattern is expected if internal multiplicative noise is elevated in ASD. However, the two can be distinguished by comparing the curves across at least two different difficulty levels. The ratio between thresholds at two difficulty levels will be different across groups in the case of elevated internal multiplicative noise in ASD (bottom right). (**b**) Stimuli,task, and timeline. Each trial began with a dynamic fixation point (see *Methods*). After a blank screen, the stimulus sequence started. Stimuli were oriented gratings temporally sandwiched by Gaussian pixel noise. This sequence yields merged perception of grating and noise (see insert). Participant's task was to judge whether the grating was tilted left or right from vertical.

The benefits of using equivalent noise paradigms to investigate internal noise in ASD have been previously highlighted^[@CR12],[@CR14]^. In fact, two studies used a reduced version of this paradigm and found no significant evidence for elevated internal noise in ASD^[@CR26],[@CR27]^. However, two important unanswered questions remain. First, given the extensive number of trials typically required for equivalent noise experiments, these previous studies estimated thresholds at only two noise levels (i.e., no-noise and high-noise).


the group level is consistent with previous studies that showed increased trial-by-trial variability in BOLD and EEG responses to sensory stimuli in ASD^[@CR17]--[@CR19]^ (but see Butler *et al*.^[@CR24]^ and Coskun *et al*.^[@CR25]^). While trial-by-trial variability in neural responses in the sensory areas is likely driven by a number of factors, noise levels in the nervous system are a key determinant^[@CR10]^. Internal noise is also an important factor in perceptual variability^[@CR5],[@CR8]^. Individuals with ASD report more varying perceptual judgments to repeated presentations of a sensory stimulus^[@CR51]^. Such perceptual and neural fluctuations may have a substantial effect on the reliability of sensory representations, which in turn may cause greater difficulties for individuals with ASD when interacting with the surrounding environment. We also found significantly worsened external noise filtering in ASD. Thisin a main rubber layer of the rubber glove. These proposals provide an improvement in the donning and putting-off properties to some extent, but, the surfaces of fine particles as lubricant are partly covered with a rubber latex. Thus, the improvement in donning and putting-off properties achieved is still not to the desired extent, and the inner lubricating layer tends to stick to each other and the sticking parts are difficult to separate.
A rubber glove has been proposed in JP-A H8-294930 which is made by forming on a glove form a covering resin layer from a rubber latex formulation comprising, as the principal ingredients, fine thermoplastic resin particles, a rubber latex, and a blocked isocyanate. By the use of a blocked isocyanate, adhesion of the thermoplastic resin particles


of the monomers.
A chain transfer agent may be used at polymerization for producing a hydroxyl group-containing alkali-soluble polymer. As specific examples of the chain transfer agent, there can be mentioned mercapto group-containing compounds such as mercaptans (such as n-hexylmercaptan, n-octyl-mercaptan, t-octylmercaptan, n-dodecylmercaptan, t-dodecyl-mercaptan and n-stearylmercaptan), thioglycolic acid, thiomalic acid and 2-ethylhexyl thioglycolate; xanthogen compounds such as dimethylxanthogen disulfide and diisopropylxanthogen disulfide; xcex1-methylstyrene dimer and its derivatives such as 2,4-diphenyl-4-methyl-1-pentene, 2,4-diphenyl-4-methyl-2-pentene and 1,1,3-trimethyl-3-phenylindane; terpinolene; thiuram compounds such as tetramethylthiuram disulfide, tetraethylthiuram disulfide and tetramethylthiuram monosulfide; phenolic compounds such as 2,6-di-t-butyl-4-methylphenol and styrenated phenol, allyl compounds such as allyl alcohol, acrolein and methacrolein; halogenated hydrocarbon compounds such as dichloromethane, dibromomethane, carbon tetrachloride and carbon tetrabromide; vinyl ethers such as xcex1-benzyloxystyrene, xcex1-benzyloxyacrylonitrile and xcex1-benzyloxyacrylamide; and triphenylethane and pentaphenylethane.
Of these, mercapto group-containingremoved, if desired.
The polymerization conditions and procedures, other than those mentioned above, are not particularly limited, and can be the same as those which are employed in conventional emulsion polymerization procedures.
To the polymer latex used in the present invention, if desired, auxiliaries such as a chelating agent, a dispersant, a pH adjuster, an antiseptic agent, a plasticizer and an antifoaming agent can be added during polymerization or after polymerization.
The procedure by which the polymer latex is dispersion-stabilized with a hydroxyl group-containing water-soluble polymer includes, for example, a procedure wherein the polymerization for producing the polymer latex is carried out in the presence of a hydroxyl group-containing water-soluble polymer; a procedure wherein a polymer latex is prepared by an emulsion polymerization process using a surface active agent or by


mixed together in an aqueous medium to prepare an emulsion, and then, the emulsion is continuously added into a polymerization vessel to conduct polymerization. In the case when a hydroxyl group-containing alkali-soluble polymer is used, a procedure is preferably employed wherein the hydroxyl group-containing alkali-soluble polymer is added into a polymerization vessel, and then, polymerization is conducted while a monomer or monomers are continuously added into the polymerization vessel. It is especially preferable in view of enhanced productivity that the hydroxyl group-containing alkali-soluble polymer is produced and then successively this polymerization procedure is carried out.
When the polymerization is conducted while a monomer or monomers are continuously added, the rate of addition of a monomer or monomers is preferably controlled so that the polymerization conversion is kept at a70% by weight, and especially preferably 2 to 60% by weight. The graft ratio as used herein means a ratio in % of the amount of a hydroxyl group-containing water-soluble polymer having been grafted with a polymer produced, to the amount of the monomers consumed for polymerization, namely, the amount of the polymer produced. When the graft ratio is too small, it is possible that the resulting coated article cannot easily be donned and put off, and has poor anti-blocking property. In contrast, the graft ratio is too large, the concentration of polymerization mixture must be reduced to avoid an undesirable increase of the viscosity of polymer latex.
A hydroxyl group-containing water-soluble polymer which is free, i.e., have not been grafted with a polymer produced, can be separated, for


to 10xc2x0 C., and especially preferably xe2x88x9220 to 0xc2x0 C., a resulting coated article has excellent donning and putting-off properties and anti-blocking property, and the fine particles-releasability is reduced to a great extent. In this case, the amount of fine particles is preferably in the range of 80 to 200 parts by weight and more preferably 80 to 180 parts by weight, based on 100 parts by weight of the solid content of polymer latex.
The coating agent of the present invention is obtained by mixing together the above-mentioned polymer latex and, if desired, optional fine powdery particles or an aqueous dispersion thereof. The solid content of the coating agent is not particularly limited, but, is preferably in the range of 1 to 15% by weight, more preferably 5predecessor] Scott Pruitt, but the policies are the same. There’s a really chilling effect on scientists and the work they are doing at the EPA. The language of course is different, [but] there’s been an absence of leadership from the EPA in dealing with the climate issues,” Cardin responded.

Cardin said the EPA, in implementing Trump’s agenda, has failed to protect the climate. He said the EPA is “missing in action in international leadership” and that recent policies, including water and air, clearly backtrack on America’s commitment to the environment.

Story continues

Cardin said Democrats would hold EPA leadership accountable for protecting the environment and taking climate change seriously if they win back Congress.

“When we have the gavel it’s a huge difference,” he said. “It gives us the opportunity to conduct


It may have been trapped in a wire cage, but when Perth photographer Leon Rakai zoomed in on an angry feral cat, he made a point of getting the job done as quickly as possible.

Mr Rakai had been on the ground in Western Australia's south-west hoping to capture images of the endangered red-tailed phascogale when he happened upon the trapped tabby.

"It was probably the nastiest feral cat I've come across," Mr Rakai said.

"He was ready to kill anything and everything that was in front of him, including me.

"He had a tooth missing, a half chewed tail and I was pretty happy there was a wire cage between us."

The resulting photograph won Mr Rakai the title of Australian Geographic's 2015 ANZANG Nature Photographer of the Year Award, an awardhe was happy with, but second to the joy earned from his work conserving wildlife.

"I've always been passionate about wildlife," Mr Rakai said.

"I'm a conservationist first and photographer second so my prime focus is the conservation of our endangered marsupials; in particular, the phascogale."

Loading...

Plight of the phascogale

Mr Rakai described the life of the cute marsupial as a "short, hard one."

The females live for two or three breeding cycles, producing three of four young during each of the cycles, while the males typically only live for one breeding cycle.

"All they do is look for females; they will forget about eating, they forget about predators; it's all about breeding for them," Mr Rakai said.

The agile carnivore typically emerges from its tree hollow at dusk to feed and will jump from


fauna.

"It's important that people learn what's in their own backyards and see the importance in conserving it," Mr Rakai said.

"It's about getting the message across and showing people the beauty of nature as well as some of the bad stuff, such as the feral cats."// Copyright (C) 2019  Joseph Artsimovich <joseph.artsimovich@gmail.com>, 4lex4 <4lex49@zoho.com>
// Use of this source code is governed by the GNU GPLv3 license that can be found in the LICENSE file.

#include "OrderByWidthProvider.h"

#include <utility>

#include "Params.h"

namespace page_layout {
OrderByWidthProvider::OrderByWidthProvider(std::shared_ptr<Settings> settings) : m_settings(std::move(settings)) {}

bool OrderByWidthProvider::precedes(const PageId& lhsPage,
                                    const bool lhsIncomplete,
                                    const PageId& rhsPage,


transference is referred to as “serifs”. Serifs are small features that can be positioned on a corner of a pattern to sharpen the corner in the final transferred image. It is often the case that the precision demanded of the surface manufacturing process for SRAFs are less than those for patterns that are intended to print on the substrate, often referred to as main features. Serifs are a part of a main feature. As the limits of optical lithography are being extended far into the sub-wavelength regime, the OPC features must be made more and more complex in order to compensate for even more subtle interactions and effects. As imaging systems are pushed closer to their limits, the ability to produce reticles with sufficiently fine OPC features becomesexposing patterns for one layer of wafer processing using multiple masks, each of which contains a portion of the layer pattern. Reducing or eliminating multiple exposures requires the single mask to contain more fine patterns. For example, a series of collinear line segments may be double-patterned by first drawing a long line, then cutting the line into line segments by a second mask in conventional lithography. The same layer written with a single mask, such as for EUV lithography, would require a mask containing many smaller line segments. The need to write larger numbers of finer patterns on a single mask, each pattern needing to be more accurate, increases the need for precision on EUV masks.
There are a number of technologies used for forming patterns on a reticle,


including using optical lithography or charged particle beam lithography. The most commonly used system is the variable shaped beam (VSB), where, as described above, doses of electrons with simple shapes such as manhattan rectangles and 45-degree right triangles expose a resist-coated reticle surface. In conventional mask writing, the doses or shots of electrons are conventionally designed to avoid overlap wherever possible, so as to greatly simplify calculation of how the resist on the reticle will register the pattern. Similarly, the set of shots is designed so as to completely cover the pattern area that is to be formed on the reticle.
Reticle writing for the most advanced technology nodes typically involves multiple passes of charged particle beam writing, a process called multi-pass exposure, whereby the given shape on the(alone)-treated group, a 12% renal tumour incidence was recorded whereas, in N-diethylnitrosamine (DEN)-initiated and Fe-NTA-promoted animals, the percentage tumour incidence was increased to 68% as compared with untreated controls. No tumour incidence was recorded in the DEN-initiated, non-promoted group. The administration of NDGA, afforded >80% protection against DEN- and Fe-NTA-mediated renal tissue injury in vivo. Fe-NTA treatment also enhanced hepatic and renal microsomal lipid peroxidation to 170 and 205% of saline-treated controls, respectively, and hydrogen peroxide generation by >2.5-fold in both tissues accompanied by a 51 and 21% decrease in the level of glutathione and 35-48 and 35-50% decrease in the activities of glutathione-metabolizing and antioxidant enzymes in liver and kidney, respectively. These changes were reversed significantly in animals receiving a pre-treatment of NDGA. Our data show that


the July 1 budget deadline. (There was still no agreement on a budget as of mid-August.) “People have come to expect a very high level of services, while keeping taxes low,” says state Rep. William Tong. “That math doesn’t work. People are facing two decades of bad decisions and we’re having to reckon with that new reality.” In May, the three major credit rating agencies all downgraded the state, citing weak revenues. Continuing budget fights and tax increases have driven down business confidence.

Connecticut’s economic problems extend well beyond the budget. The state prospered in the 1970s and 1980s, when nearby New York City was dangerous and Connecticut’s suburban landscape was welcoming. Corporations were eager to resettle there. But fashions have changed. Millennials and corporations have developed a hankeringplaces,” Ritter says. “The legislature reflects that at times.”

With a loss of population and more than half its land non-taxable, Hartford is facing possible bankruptcy.

As things stand, Connecticut is like a big city that has been zoned into 169 different districts, a few of which have to take on a huge burden of poverty. There is some rural poverty in the state, but most poor people live in the larger cities. Those living in suburbs enjoy good schools and public safety, and get a tax cut to boot, in the form of lower property tax rates. “Most of the social bads are concentrated in about 12 of the 169 towns,” says Nemerson, New Haven’s economic development director. “Any change to make it better will hurt large numbers of


scores in math -- that’s an economic death sentence.”

Malloy recognizes the need to invest in cities. He was once the mayor of Stamford, where new companies in fields such as biotech are moving in alongside the hedge funds, and thousands of new housing units have gone up. In July, the governor announced improvements in rail service and stations that will offer better connections between Hartford and New Haven to the south and Springfield, Mass., to the north. Through a quasi-public development authority, the state has helped build 1,600 new housing units in Hartford. The shift of a University of Connecticut campus from West Hartford to a former newspaper building across the street from the city hall will bring 2,000 undergraduates downtown. “The seeds of revitalization are there,” saysMayor Bronin. “If they’re going to grow, we have to clear away the fiscal crisis that the city faces.”

The same could be said about the state as a whole. Policymakers are facing up to the fact that it’s no longer enough to be the kid brother to Boston and New York. Connecticut has to think of itself as a set of small to midsize regions that need to compete within the Northeast and nationally in order to jump-start any sort of growth. It has the tools. When it comes to productivity or education levels of its workers, Connecticut ranks near the top. And lawmakers from Malloy on down who seek to downplay the practical damage of GE and Aetna shifting headquarters -- but not the bulk of their


underwent the following surgical procedures: one had undergone a partial resection, three had had a subtotal resection, with the remaining six patients having undergone total resections of the tumors. All the procedures were performed from 3 days to 91 months prior to the functional examinations included into this study. Detailed data is presented in Table [1](#Tab1){ref-type="table"}. Table 1Patients' data regarding localization, pathological type of the tumor, and kind of used neurosurgical procedureNoInitialsLocalizationTumor typeTime between MRI and surgery in monthssurgeryMRI exam before surgery1KZP/T leftAG1Subtotal2MPF rightPNET2Biopsy3KWF leftPNET1BiopsyMRI exam after surgery4EFF/T leftM10Total5RCT leftAF/GM91Partial6ZNP/O rightmeta colon3 daysSubtotal7MFP leftAF/GM1Subtotal8WCF leftODG3 daysTotal9EWF rightAF100Total10ASP leftOAA10Subtotal11MKF rightHAP68Total12JSF leftAF11Total13BCF leftAF10Total*AG Astrocytoma gemistocyticum*, *PNET* primitive neuroectodermal tumor, *M* meningioma, *AF Astrocytoma fibrillare*, *ODG Oligodendroglioma*, *OAA Oligoastrocytoma anaplasticum*, *HAP* Haemangiopericytoma-like tumor, *F* frontal lobe, *T* temporal lobe, *P* parietal lobe, *O* occipital lobe

The ethics committeewas observed around the eloquent centers of these patients due to CranioFixes placed in their skulls. Significant, precisely located activations were observed in these patients, however, when the T1 CBV technique was applied (Fig. [4](#Fig4){ref-type="fig"}). Fig. 4Patient BC after surgery with presence of cranio-fixes in the left frontal lobe area; activations in PMC in **a** T1 CBV technique---upper row, during right hand movement---*red color*, during left hand movement---*blue color*. **b** in BOLD technique---lower row, during right hand movement - no activation because of vast area of artifacts, during left hand movement---*yellow color*

The presence of head movement artifacts in T2\* BOLD examinations, observed also in our results, characterizes multi-shot techniques such as GRE. These artifacts, especially task-related, can influence significantly the examined cortex activities or/and create false negative results. One of


study, this might be related to differences in the microscopic structure of neoplasms we examined compared to those analyzed by Ben Bashat et al. \[[@CR17]\].

Conclusions {#Sec5}
===========

In conclusion, the T1 CBV technique can be used to detect functional changes in the sensorimotor cortex of patients with brain tumors, both before and after surgical intervention. The centers of activation in both the BOLD and T1 CBV techniques have the same localization; however, the increase in signal intensity was lower for the T1 CBV technique. Therefore, this technique is more sensitive to movement artifacts. The T1 CBV technique enables accurate evaluation of cortical centers, which is usually disturbed when using the BOLD method due to magnetic susceptibility artifacts. Clinical application of the T1 CBV technique requires improved methods of data collectionExpectations concerning future familial patterns among urban and kibbutz youth in Israel.
"The purpose of this study was to compare the expectations and concepts urban and kibbutz adolescents [in Israel] have concerning their future families, and to compare the patterns desired by adolescents with the patterns existing in their parents' homes. The areas investigated included role allocation between husband and wife, and desired age [at] marriage and family size. The research population consisted of urban (174) and kibbutz (97) adolescents ages 17-18." "Overall..., concerning desired patterns of familial role allocation and marriage age, kibbutz and city adolescents show similar trends. However, concerning family size, differences still exist. Also, in both localities, there seem to exist differences between boys and girls concerning their future families."


drawing out each circle with that colour, and summing the colours in case of overlaps - you can get a diagram where each possible region is represented by a unique colour. Getting the size of all the regions is as simple as calculating a colour histogram on the drawn out image.

Implementing this in Javascript means using Canvas operations, since that seems to be the only way to directly manipulate images and get the pixel values. On a 200x200 canvas, calculating the loss like this takes about 6ms on my laptop. Which sounds good, until you realize that we need to calculate the loss hundreds of times during the optimization step.

For offline processing, this wouldn't be a huge deal - but a second processing delay is way too slowpast few years, research on mucosal immunology has evolved from the investigation of CD4+ T-cell depletion/reconstitution to the study of the homeostasis of other subsets, which may affect the structure and function of the gastrointestinal tract. Given the difficulty in examining gut tissue due to recovery/sampling issues in HIV-infected humans, the majority of studies have focused on a limited number of mucosal cell subsets. Future research should address the complex interactions between multiple cell populations at mucosal surfaces and further understand their role in the pathogenesis of microbial translocation, immune activation and inflammation in HIV infection.

### Composition and metabolic activity of the intestinal microbiota {#Sec6}

The intestinal microbiota is essential to the proper function and development of the host and plays a key modulatory role in many disorders \[[@CR49]\].

In HIV


microbial translocation and systemic T-cell activation/inflammation. Further, thanks to the technical advances in systems biology, studies have shown that impairment of the metabolic functions of the microbiota, rather than its composition, may influence gut and systemic health. Finally, given the divergent reports on the administration of probiotics as well as the lack of encouraging results from the treatment with antibiotics and compounds antagonizing microbial translocation, strategies aiming at the correction of mucosal immune imbalances and gut metabolome may represent promising approaches for the treatment of HIV infection.

HIV

:   human immunodeficiency virus

cART

:   combination antiretroviral therapy

LPS

:   lipolysaccharide

sCD14

:   soluble CD14

I-FABP

:   intestinal fatty acid binding protein

hs CRP

:   high sensitivity C reactive protein

sTNFRI

:   soluble tumor necrosis factor receptor I

AIDS

: pulmonary vascular remodeling, which can eventually lead to right heart failure ([@R4]).

Recently, we provided evidence that acute HPV may be regulated by a central oxygen sensor within the mitochondrial respiratory chain, which depends on the presence of the mitochondrial complex IV \[cIV; cytochrome c (Cyt c) oxidase\] subunit 4 isoform 2 (Cox4i2) ([@R5]). We were able to demonstrate that acute hypoxia induces Cox4i2-dependent mitochondrial hyperpolarization, leading to increased mitochondrial superoxide release from the respiratory complex III (cIII; ubiquinol:Cyt c oxidoreductase) and/or complex I \[cI; reduced form of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH):ubiquinone oxidoreductase\] with subsequent inhibition of cellular potassium channels (K~V~), cellular membrane depolarization, and activation of voltage-gated calcium channels, resulting in intracellular calcium increase and HPV. Similarly, we found that chronic hypoxia results in mitochondrial membrane hyperpolarization ([@R6])


response to hypoxic (HOX; 1% O~2~) challenge with and without AOX inhibitor nPG applied 5 min before sequential HOX. Data are shown as means ± SEM of *n* = 4 experiments. \**P* \< 0.05, \*\*\**P* \< 0.001 for comparison as indicated, analyzed by two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Sidak's multiple comparisons test. (**D**) PAP response to pulmonary artery infusion of the thromboxane mimetic U46619. Data are shown as means ± SEM of *n* = 6 experiments. (**E**) Kfc after 90 min of ischemia. Data are shown as means ± SEM of *n* = 3 experiments. (**F**) Lung weight gain (retention) during reperfusion after 90 min of ischemia. Data are shown as means ± SEM of *n* = 3 experiments.](aba0694-F1){#F1}

Moreover, there was no difference between isolated WT andgenotypes. Data in (B) and (C) are depicted as the portion of CMH signal inhibited by pSOD. (**D**) Representative mouse WT and AOX PASMC stained with JC-1 under normoxia and hypoxia (1% O~2~) as indicated. (**E**) Mitochondrial MP (Mito MP) determined as JC-1 red/green ratio under acute HOX as indicated. Data are shown as means ± SEM of *n* = 10 (WT) and *n* = 12 (AOX) experiments. Gray area depicts significant difference with *P* \< 0.05 analyzed by two-way ANOVA and uncorrected Fisher's least significant difference (LSD). (**F**) Oxygen-dependent respiratory rate of 100,000 to 300,000 intact rPASMC per experiment transfected with an empty vector or AOX encoding plasmid. Data are shown as means ± SEM in % of rate at normoxia (max) with *P* \< 0.0001 indicating


significant difference between WT and AOX analyzed by paired *t* test. (**G**) Normalized fluorescence-corrected Savitzky-Golay reconstructed Raman spectra taken from WT (*n* = 4) and AOX (*n* = 6) PASMC before (black line = NOX) and after (gray line) exposure to acute hypoxia (HOX, 5% O~2~). Background spectrum from microfluidic system and buffer solution is shown as dashed line (*n* = 25). Differences between NOX and HOX are highlighted with a difference spectrum for each corresponding sample type (WT, blue; AOX, red). Peak locations for mitochondrial biomarkers NAD^+^ (3: 1033 cm^−1^), NADH (2: 1000 cm^−1^), ubiquinol (QH~2~; 5: 1167 cm^−1^), and cytochrome b (Cyt b; 7: 1337 cm^−1^) as well as peaks associated with reduced (1: 750 cm^−1^; 4: 1127 cm^−1^; 6: 1313 cm^−1^; 9: 1505 cm^−1^) andof mitochondrial complexes downstream of AOX and the NADH/NAD^+^ ratio would be unaffected by hypoxic challenge in AOX PASMC. To test this hypothesis, we performed Raman spectroscopy, which allows the redox state of individual mitochondrial complexes and NADH/NAD^+^ ratios to be simultaneously studied in single living PASMC ([@R21]--[@R25]). As expected, acute hypoxia shifted NADH, ubiquinol (QH~2~), and Cyt c in WT PASMC toward a more reduced state ([Fig. 3, G and H](#F3){ref-type="fig"}, and fig. S2, A and B). The redox state of cytochrome b (Cyt b) was unaltered, which is indicative for an electron leak at cIII. In accordance with our hypothesis, no change in redox state at cIII (Cyt b) and cIV (Cyt c) was observed in AOX PASMC ([Fig. 3H](#F3){ref-type="fig"} and fig. S2B), consistent with a


or hypoxia (HOX, 10% O~2~) for 28 days. Data are shown as means ± SEM of *n* ≥ 9 experiments. Horizontal bars indicate significant difference with *P* \< 0.05 analyzed by two-way ANOVA and Tukey's multiple comparisons test. (**B**) Ratios of right ventricle (RV) and left ventricle (LV) plus septum (S) (Fulton index). Data are shown as means ± SEM of *n* = 10 experiments. Horizontal bars indicate significant difference with *P* \< 0.05 analyzed by two-way ANOVA and Tukey's multiple comparisons test. (**C**) Cardiac output (CO) measured by echocardiography. Data are shown as means ± SEM of *n* = 10 experiments. Horizontal bars indicate significant difference with *P* \< 0.05 analyzed by two-way ANOVA and Tukey's multiple comparisons test. (**D**) Vascular remodeling quantified as degree of muscularizationby the addition of potassium chloride, may therefore bypass the mitochondrial signaling and thus restore hypoxia-induced cellular membrane depolarization to a level that can trigger calcium increase and HPV. This indicates that mitochondria must be acting far upstream in the signaling hierarchy, and thus, our results demonstrate the essential role of the mitochondrial respiratory chain in acute oxygen sensing and, in addition, provide an explanation for previous, seemingly contradictory, findings with regard to oxygen-sensitive components in PASMC.

The acute and chronic responses of the pulmonary vasculature to hypoxia have hitherto been assumed to involve similar primary mechanisms and to share regulatory components. However, our data point toward different signaling pathways operating in the two conditions and thus support previous studies that demonstrated a different mechanism of acute HPV and


(Enzo Life Sciences, Exeter, UK) was used to test the intactness of vasoconstriction (1 ml of bolus with a concentration of 66 ng/ml).

Intrapulmonary artery isolation and tension measurements
--------------------------------------------------------

Mouse intrapulmonary arteries were isolated and mounted in wire myograph chambers (Danish Myo Technology A/S, Aarhus, Denmark) as described ([@R44]). Each experiment was started by 3 × 3--min exposures to 80 mM KCl containing physiological saline solution. To induce hypoxia upon reaching a stable vascular tone, the N~2~-balanced gassing was switched from 21% O~2~, 5% CO~2~ (Praxair, Danbury, CT, USA) to 1% O~2~, 5% CO~2~ (Praxair). The partial pressure of O~2~ during the hypoxic challenge was 15 to 22 mmHg tested by a FireStingO~2~ oxygen meter (PyroScience, Aachen, Germany). Changes in isometric tension from the baseline values were expressed as percentagesaccording to established protocols (see <http://tronolab.epfl.ch/> for more details). After 3 days of transduction, PASMC were used for further experiments.

Measuring mitochondrial membrane potential
------------------------------------------

The mitochondrial membrane potential was studied by fluorescence microscopy using 5,5′,6,6′-tetrachloro-1,1′,3,3′-tetraethyl-imidacarbocyanine iodide (JC-1) as recommended by the manufacturer (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Waltham, MA, USA). Acute hypoxia was induced by switching from a normoxic perfusion buffer to a hypoxic buffer (1% O~2~).

High-resolution respirometry
----------------------------

Oxygen consumption was determined at 37°C using an OROBOROS-2 k oxygraph (Oroboros Instruments, Innsbruck, Austria) as described previously ([@R5]). Briefly, primary rPASMC were trypsinized, washed two times, and resuspended in M199 medium (Gibco, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Hampton, NH, USA) containing 1% penicillin-streptomycin (Gibco, Thermo Fisher Scientific) and 10% Hepes (Carl Roth). PASMC transfected with an empty or AOX-containing vector were measured in parallel. Oxygen consumption


was recorded continuously until the oxygen was depleted. DatLab software (Oroboros Instruments) was used to calculate oxygen consumption as the time derivative of the oxygen content, standardized to cell number.

Raman spectroscopy on PASMC
---------------------------

Raman spectra of mouse WT and AOX PASMC were measured using a home-built microscope equipped with a ×40 magnification microscope objective (Olympus, Tokyo, Japan), a Raman spectrometer (Andor Technology, Belfast, UK), and a laser with an excitation wavelength of 532 nm (Altechna, Vilnius, Lithuania). The Raman signal was filtered out from the laser light using a filter cube containing a dichroic mirror (Semrock, Rochester, NY, USA) and a 532-nm edge filter (Semrock). An in-house--designed gas-tight microfluidic system was used to register Raman spectra on the cultured PASMC at different oxidation states, i.e., normoxic and hypoxic conditionsResonant speed meter for gravitational-wave detection.
Gravitational-wave detectors have been well developed and operated with a high sensitivity. However, they still suffer from mirror displacement noise. In this Letter, we propose a resonant speed meter as a displacement noise-canceled configuration based on a ring-shaped synchronous recycling interferometer. The remarkable feature of this interferometer is that, at certain frequencies, gravitational-wave signals are amplified, while displacement noises are not.


the same conserved motifs of *4CLs* and showing high similarity with the 4CL proteins are classified as *4CL-like* genes \[[@CR13]\].

Studies have shown that *4CL* genes play momentous roles in plants, such as regulation of growth and development, protection against biotic and abiotic stresses \[[@CR11], [@CR14], [@CR15]\]. In *Arabidopsis*, *At4CL1*, *At4CL2*, and *At4CL4* were found to be involved in lignin formation, the *4 cl1 4 cl2* double and *4 cl1 4 cl2 4 cl3* triple mutant plants exhibited a dwarf and bushy phenotype \[[@CR10]\]. In rice, *Os4CL2* was specifically expressed in anthers and induced by UV irradiation \[[@CR16]\]. *Plagiochasma appendiculatum thallus* plants showed downregulation of *Pa4CL1* when treated with abscisic acid (ABA), and showed upregulation of *Pa4CL1* when treated with salicylic acid and MeJA \[[@CR17]\]. In both poplars and *Arabidopsis*, the expression levels ofof responding to biotic and abiotic stresses in various plant species, we further investigated the transcript abundance of the *Gh4CL* genes under cold, heat, PEG and salt stresses using the transcriptomic data of *G. hirsutum* (BioProject Accession: PRJNA248163) \[[@CR21]\]. We found that 26 *Gh4CL* genes were induced significantly by one or more stresses, and the remaining 8 *Gh4CL* genes (*Gh4CL3*, *Gh4CL5*, *Gh4CL10*, *Gh4CL18--19*, *Gh4CL23*, *Gh4CL28* and *Gh4CL34*) were not induced by either of the four stresses (Fig. [3](#Fig3){ref-type="fig"}a). Comparing the four stress conditions, more *Gh4CL* genes showed altered expression in response to salinity, cold and heat stresses than to PEG stress. Notably, ten *Gh4CL* genes (*Gh4CL2*, *Gh4CL7--9*, *Gh4CL11--13*, *Gh4CL17*, *Gh4CL22*, *Gh4CL25* and *Gh4CL31*) showed increased expression (treatment FPKM/control FPKM ≥1.5) in response to PEG stress over the 3 h to


[1](#MOESM1){ref-type="media"}: Figure S6). These results suggested that silencing of *Gh4CL7* decreases tolerance of cotton to drought stress. Fig. 5Drought tolerance analysis of the *Gh4CL7*-silencing cotton plants. **a** Representative phenotypes of the *TRV:00* (CK) and *TRV:Gh4CL7* (VIGS) plants after 3 weeks of drought treatment. **b-c** Leaf RWC and chlorophyll contents of CK and VIGS plants under drought stress. **d-e** Comparison of stomata in the CK and VIGS plants. **f** Water loss rate of detached leaves from the CK and VIGS plants. **g-h** Comparison of H~2~O~2~ and MDA contents in the CK and VIGS plants. **i** Activities of antioxidative enzymes in the CK and VIGS plants. Mock, normal growth conditions; drought, 3 weeks of water deficit conditions. Statistical significance was determined by the student test. \* and \*\* represent significantat *P* \< 0.05 and *P* \< 0.01, respectively

Overexpression of *Gh4CL7* in *Arabidopsis* enhances drought tolerance {#Sec8}
----------------------------------------------------------------------

We further investigated the function of *Gh4CL7* in response to drought stress using *Arabidopsis* plants overexpressing *Gh4CL7*. Three independent *Gh4CL7-*OE lines that showed an elevated level of *Gh4CL7* (Fig. [6](#Fig6){ref-type="fig"}a) were selected for phenotyping under the drought stress conditions. Compared to the WT plants, the three *Gh4CL7-*OE lines had a decreased germination rate (Fig. [6](#Fig6){ref-type="fig"}b), but showed a significantly increased root length under the mannitol stress conditions (Fig. [6](#Fig6){ref-type="fig"}c, d). Three-weeks-old seedlings of *Gh4CL7-*OE and WT were used for water deficiency treatment. No obvious phenotypic difference was observed between *Gh4CL7-*OE and WT by the mock treatment. However, the *Gh4CL7-*OE plants showed much less damage than WT after 10 days of water deficiency (Fig. [6](#Fig6){ref-type="fig"}e). Under drought stress conditions,


contains the largest number of *Gh4CL* genes (in total 25) together with *At4CL6--9*, *At4CL11*, and *Ii4CL1* (Fig. [1](#Fig1){ref-type="fig"}b). The class III *Gh4CLs* cannot catalyze any of the hydroxycinnamic acid substrates into the corresponding CoA esters, their function is different from that of class I (related to the lignin biosynthesis) and class II (related to the biosynthesis of flavonoids) *4CL* genes \[[@CR13], [@CR18], [@CR28]\]. Multiple sequence alignments revealed that all 4CL-like proteins contained similar structural components, e.g. conserved Box I and Box II domains without known specific biochemical function (Additional file [1](#MOESM1){ref-type="media"}: Figure S2) \[[@CR29]\]. Gene structure analysis showed that *Gh4CL* genes of the same class share a similar intron-exon structure (Fig. [2](#Fig2){ref-type="fig"}b), similar to the observations made in other gene families \[[@CR30]--[@CR32]\].

*Cis*-elements located in the promoter region ofgenes play key roles in the developmental and environmental regulation of gene expression \[[@CR33]\]. According to *cis*-element analysis, the promoter regions of *Gh4CL* genes possess elements related to stress responses, such as ABRE, TC-rich, LTR, MBS, TGA-element, TCA-element, CGTCA-motif and TGACG-motif \[[@CR34]--[@CR36]\], suggesting a potential role of the *Gh4CL* genes with these *cis*-element(s) in regulationof stresses, such as drought, salt, heat, ABA, and low temperature. *4CL* genes have been shown to be involved in response to stresses in other plants \[[@CR14], [@CR27]\]. Based on transcriptome data, 26 *Gh4CL* genes were differentially expressed between the stress treatment and the mock, and many *Gh4CL* genes were induced by drought, including *Gh4CL7* (Fig. [3](#Fig3){ref-type="fig"}a). The promoter of *Gh4CL7* contains an MBS *cis*-acting element, which may be associated with up-regulation of *Gh4CL7*


T0 generation seeds were selected on 1/2 Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium with 50 mg/L kanamycin, and the resistant plants were further validated by PCR. Single-copy lines with a segregation ratio of 3:1 were selected and planted until T3 generation. The transgenic *Arabidopsis* OE lines were grown in a growth chamber with 16 h light/8 h dark scheme, and the growth temperature was set at around 23 °C \[[@CR67]\].

The pTRV1 and pTRV2 VIGS vectors were kindly provided by Prof. Longfu Zhu of Huazhong Agricultural University. A 287-bp fragment from the coding sequence of *Gh4CL7* was amplified from cDNA of *G. hirsutum* cultivar stem and subsequently cloned into pTRV2 using *Bam*H1 and *Kpn*1 double digestions to generate the *TRV:Gh4CL7* vector. After PCR and double digestion confirmation, the *TRV:Gh4CL7* construct was transformed into *A.introns in black lines between exons, and upstream/downstream UTRs in blue boxes. The number indicates the phase of the corresponding introns. The length of the *Gh4CL* genes is indicted by the scale line at the bottom. **b** Motif analysis. The motif analysis was performed by the MEME suite. Twenty motifs were detected and are displayed in color coded boxes. The length of proteins is indicted by the scale line at the bottom. **Figure S2.** Alignment of multiple Gh4CL and selected At4CL domain amino acid sequences. Multiple sequence alignment was performed using Clustal X. Box I and Box II represent the two conserved domains of the Gh4CL proteins. **Figure S3.** Analysis of *cis*-elements in the promoter of the *Gh4CL* genes. The numbers of different *cis*-elements are presented in the


any desired mining method a portion of the oil shale to provide open space and thereafter blasting shale adjacent the open space space to break it into particles to fill the open space. While the open space required for rubblization has been described as less than forty percent of the retort volume, in fact, the open space actually used is substantially less. For example, in U.S. Pat. No. 4,043,597 of French, it is stated that the total volume of the voids should be less than about 40 percent of the volume of the retort; however, that patent states that the void space should be less than 20 percent and is preferably about 15 percent of the volume of the retort. (Throughout the specification and claims the term "open"\Omega_\text{gw}(f) \equiv \frac{1}{\rho_c}\frac{d\rho_\text{gw}}{d\ln f} .$$ Here, $\rho_\text{gw}$ is [GW]{}energy density, $f$ is frequency, and $\rho_c$ is the critical energy density required for a closed Universe. Extrapolating the BICEP2 measurement to the LIGO band, we expect $\Omega_\text{gw}(f)\approx10^{-15}$. [GW]{} backgrounds at this level are too weak to observe directly except by the most ambitious detectors [@bbo] and, of course, using the cosmic microwave background [@bicep2].

However, cosmological signals, produced through other mechanisms, can produce considerably more detectable signals with $\Omega_\text{gw}\lesssim10^{-12}$. Detection of a cosmological background above the level predicted for the amplification of vacuum fluctuations could point to a richer and more interesting early Universe than posited by the simplest version of slow-roll inflation.

Here, we draw attention to generic features common to many cosmological backgrounds in order to derive a “rule of thumb" governing


those over 45 years of age) and type of hysterectomy (with or without bilateral oophorectomy). No significant difference in risk of hemorrhagic stroke (adjusted HR = 0.91, p = 0.592) or ischemic stroke (adjusted HR = 0.85, p = 0.188) was found between women with and without hysterectomy. No significant differences were found in the subgroup analyses according to age or type of hysterectomy for hemorrhagic and ischemic stroke. Over a mean follow-up of 6 years, hysterectomy is not associated with an increased risk of either ischemic or hemorrhagic stroke at any age after adjusting for CVD risk factors including, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and dyslipidemia, regardless of bilateral oophorectomy.schedule this at the time the field is being written, and you would have to compute the time in the future you want to be notified that the document should be deleted.  Cloud Tasks can do that for you.  The implementation to get that all set up is nontrivial and too long to outline here, but it's possible.  Also consider anything discussed here: Cloud Functions for Firebase trigger on time?


the recent hot keys and non-hot keys in the time-evolving stream data remains a large difference with a skewed distribution.*]{}

One typical example accounting for the above observation is [twitter]{} dataset. Although its catchword may change from one to the other over time, the occurrence frequency of these catchwords can be still significantly higher than the non-hot ones (within a short interval).

This finding has two implications at least for the recent hot-key identification. First, in spite of the frequent variation of hot keys, a small fraction of these keys can still dominate most loads during the whole stream processing. This allows to continue using “eighty-two” golden rule by handling these few critical keys for the balance of most loads. Since only a few keys are saved in multiple workers,large amount of computation, or use the additional storage to memorize the history frequency of all keys in the cost of memory overhead [@golab2003identifying; @chang2003finding; @arasu2004approximate; @wang2005tfp; @deng2012new].

Motivated by observation 1, the core idea of our recent hot key identification is an epoch-based approach, which divides the entire lifetime of stream processing into many epochs. [*Epoch*]{} is a collection of sequential tuples. The intra-epoch counts the occurrence number of the key, which only stores the number of most frequent keys [@manku2002approximate; @karger2004simple] for reducing the prohibitive memory overhead. The inter-epoch frequency counting of keys uses a time-aware [@mabroukeh2010taxonomy; @shan2009frequent; @lim2014fast] approach which adopts epoch-level (rather than tuple-level) update for reducing the superfluous amount of computation. Based on the frequency results, these keys are finally classified into hot and non-hot ones.

![Procedure of


number is incremented. If $K$ is full, we use a replacement strategy to replace the least counted key from $K$. Note that its occurrence number is set to that of replaced ones plus 1 rather than 1 (as shown in ). The major reason is just for avoiding the unreasonable replacement of new keys [@karger2004simple]. To be more specific, if it is set to 1, once a new key comes, we will always replace this key until the occurrence number of this key exceeds others. This is unreasonable since the previous key is replaced and its valuable information is not reusable for the memory saving.

**Inter-epoch Hotness Decaying**Instead of performing a time decaying update when each tuple arrives (as described between Line 5-7 in Algorithm 1), we adopt a time-awarepossible values, we can see that $\alpha$ with $0.2$ has the best effect on load balance and memory overhead for many cases with different workers and skew.

**Setting Hot Key Threshold $\theta$**As discussed in the previous study [@nasir2016two], if $\theta$ is greater than $2/n$ where $n$ is the number of workers, the DSPE can definitely suffer from load imbalance. If it is less than $1/5n$, the probability of load imbalance generated by PKG is bounded by $1$ - $1/n$ at least. An appropriate threshold $\theta$ often lies in the range of from $2/n$ down to $1/8n$. Figure \[fig:theta\] shows the potential impact with different $\theta$ thresholds.

![image](images/theta){width="7.0in"}

\[fig:theta\]

In theory, the small threshold often results in the better load balance. The large threshold often results in the lower memory overhead. However, in practice, we


can find in Figure \[fig:theta\] that significant load imbalance occurs only in the case of $\theta = 2/n$. For other thresholds, the result has almost no difference especially for the large number of workers. As for the memory overhead, we find that memory overhead has little change as $\theta$ is changing. We conservatively choose a threshold as $1/4n$ for two reasons.

First, its execution time is similar to the threshold of $1/8n$ which reflects the similar effect of load balancing. Second, as for memory overhead, it is almost no difference compared to the threshold of $2/n$. However, the threshold with $1/8n$ produces more memory overhead for the large number of workers and low skewed data. A compromised threshold with $1/4n$ can provide the reasonable results on both load balance and  getLambdaDef: (name)-> @postRequest msg: 'getContextDef', lambdaName: name
        getCallGraphInfo: -> @postRequest msg: 'getCallGraphInfo'
        getCallGraphEntry: (number)-> @postRequest {number, msg: 'getCallGraphEntry'}
        clearEntries: -> @postMessage msg: 'clearEntries'
        deleteEntries: -> @postMessage msg: 'deleteEntries'
        setVerbose: (state)-> @postMessage msg: 'setVerbose', verbose: state

      currentOdb = new ODB 'testLog'

      window.useOdb = useOdb

      window.ODB = Leisure.ODB = {
        dump: dumpTraceValues
        useOdb
        trackOdb