fighting terrorism. "How is this a victory for traditional law enforcement?" demanded John Yoo, the UC Berkeley law professor who wrote the legal opinions known as the "torture memos" in the George W. Bush administration. "Law enforcement alone means the nation lies vulnerable to attacks on soft targets and must expend enormous resources to catch the killers afterwards. A preemptive strategy based on intelligence and the use of force overseas seeks to prevent such attacks further from our shores. That option should be preferred by everyone compared to what we've seen in Boston these last five days."

Professor Yoo must not have noticed the thousands of drone strikes President Obama has ordered against suspected terrorists in Pakistan and Yemen. Whatever the deficiencies of Obama's counter-terrorism policy, "law enforcement alone"United States from the Chechen Republic in Russia, an area known as a hotbed of Islamic extremism, who then committed acts of terrorism?"

But to those who want to move fast on an immigration bill, the bombings were another reason to speed up. "Immigration reform will make us safer," said Sen. Richard J. Durbin (D-Ill.), arguing that bringing illegal immigrants out of the shadows might encourage them to cooperate with law enforcement.

Both points seemed only tangentially connected to the circumstances of the Boston case. But that didn't stop the point-scoring for a moment.

For Graham and others, Boston was all about an "intelligence failure," although it wasn't clear exactly where the failure was. For New York Mayor Michael R. Bloomberg, the lesson was that mayors and police chiefs need more


personalization of treatment. MR images may be used to assist the prediction of BcR in PCa patients. However, when obvious extra-capsular spread of the disease is not present, conventional approaches employing MRI are not useful for distinguishing patients who will experience BcR from those who will not.
Multi-parametric MRI is widely used in the management of PCa to improve the localization and local staging of the disease. Despite its broad adoption in the management of PCa, conventional approaches using MRI may suffer from a large variability in MRI acquisition parameters and reporting. This large variability may occur both within an individual institution (e.g., hospital, university) and across multiple institutions. Conventional approaches to MRI-based PCa diagnosis and identification may employ protocols or guidelines for imaging acquisition parameters and findings reporting,intensities, even for the same patient, the same scanned region, or the same scanner. The impact of inconsistent MRI intensities within the same patient, same scanned region, or same scanner may be exacerbated across multiple institutions. Thus, conventional approaches to PCa diagnosis and management using MRI are less than optimally accurate or efficient, and may not optimally utilize information gathered across different populations by different institutions.


the ideal case of dielectric scatterers. We consider monodisperse (same size), spherical particles with refractive index $n=1.7$, diameter of 0.6 $\mu$m. The corresponding phase functions can be evaluated on the basis of the Mie expansions and the solution can be obtained by integrating over the semispace $\Omega=2\pi$ sr subtended by the background source. In this case the source has been assumed to radiate as a blackbody at 3000 K. Different wavelengths are shown by different lines as detailed in the legend. The asymptotic behavior for large optical thickness shows that half of the light is backscattered, half is forward scattered in the cloud, consistently with what discussed above. In Fig. \[fig:figura2\].b we show the results obtained adding some absorption to the same particles, by adding an imaginary part*i*0.03 to the refractive index. The two cases are different mostly due to the presence of a horizontal asymptote at large optical thicknesses in the case of pure dielectric particles, which disappears in the case of absorption. This is again in accordance with what we mentioned earlier invoking the Principle of reversibility of the optical path: even at the highest optical thicknesses, when the cloud completely extinguishes the incoming radiation, scattering collects radiation from other directions and delivers it along the line of sight.

The asymptotic value of the extinction depends on the amplitude of the solid angle subtended by the source: $$\label{asympt}
\lim_{\tau\to +\infty}{I(\tau)}=I_0\int_D\mu_0d\mu_0$$

where $D$ is the angular range of the azimuthal angle $\theta_0$, and $\mu_0=\cos{\theta_0}$. We have $D\subseteq [\pi/2,\pi]$. The transmission through the cloud is systematically higher than


behavior of the angular intensity distribution for a particle of generic size, within a given range as discussed below. The following expression for the form factors of particles with size (diameter) $d$, so that the reduced size is $b = k d / 2$, and $\beta=\frac{\pi}{b}$, exactly reproduces the zeroes of the typical diffraction patterns of objects with diameter $d$:

$$\label{res2}
p(\tilde{\theta})= \left\{
\begin{aligned} \frac{1+\cos{(b\tilde{\theta})}}{2} & \text{; }\tilde{\theta}\in [0;\beta] \\ 0 & \text{; otherwise} \end{aligned}
\right.$$

with $p(\beta)=0$ for $\theta > \beta$. Note that this is just the first order of the typical expansion used for describing the phase functions [@chandra].\
The normalization factor $K$ in Eq. \[res1\] thus becomes:

$$\label{res3}
\begin{split}
K&=\omega\int_{[0;\pi]}p(\tilde{\theta})\sin{\tilde{\theta}}d\tilde{\theta}= \\
&=\omega\frac{\pi^2-2\beta^2-\pi^2\cos{\beta}}{2\left (\pi^2-\beta^2 \right )}.
\end{split}$$

This expression is valid as long as the size of the particles is small enough that $\beta \gtrsim \frac{\pi}{6}$. This isin accordance with the limited validity of the assumption based upon diffraction we make here to estimate the angular aperture of the diffracted intensity distribution. On the other hand, also sizes much smaller than the wavelength are not well described here, since the diffraction approximation fails, and we can assume the scattered intensity to be isotropic just from the first scattering event. Nevertheless, the range of validity imposed by these arguments remains fully consistent with the aims of the model presented here, which is thought to be used for particles the size of the wavelength or slightly larger.

By inserting the phase function \[res2\] in Eq. \[res1\], we obtain the following simplified expression:

$$\label{res4}
\begin{split}
\Sigma(\tau)&=\int_D\int_{[0;\pi]}\left |\cos{\theta_0}\right |\left (1-e^{-\tau/\left |\cos{\theta_0}\right |}\right )p(\theta_0;\theta^\prime)\sin{\theta_0}\times \\ &\qquad\qquad\times \sin{\theta^\prime}d\theta_0d\theta^\prime=\\&=\int_{[\pi-\delta,\pi]}\int_{[0;\pi]}\left |\cos{\theta_0}\right |\left (1-e^{-\tau/\left |\cos{\theta_0}\right |}\right )p(\theta_0;\theta^\prime)\times \\


&\qquad\qquad\times \sin{\theta_0}\sin{\theta^\prime}d\theta_0d\theta^\prime=\\&=\Bigg |\int_{[0;\delta]}d\theta_0\sin{\theta_0}\cos{\theta_0}\left (1-e^{-\tau/\cos{\theta_0}}\right )\times \\ & \qquad\qquad\times \underbrace{\int_{[\theta_0;\theta_0+\beta]}\frac{1+\cos{[b(\theta^\prime-\theta_0)]}}{2}\sin{\theta^\prime}d\theta^\prime}_{\sigma(\theta_0)} \Bigg |= \\ &= \Bigg | \int_{[0,\delta]} \sigma (\theta_0)\sin{\theta_0}\cos{\theta_0}\left (1-e^{-\tau/\cos{\theta_0}}\right ) d\theta_0 \Bigg |
\end{split}$$

where $\pi-\delta$ is the minimum angle from which light is drawn towards the cloud, thus defining the illumination angular domain $D$.\
The integral over $\theta_0$ immediately gives:

$$\label{res5}
\begin{split}
\sigma(\theta_0)&=\int_{[\theta_0;\theta_0+\beta]}\frac{1+\cos{[b(\theta^\prime-\theta_0)]}}{2}\sin{\theta^\prime}d\theta^\prime= \\
&=\frac{\pi^2-2\beta^2-\pi^2\cos{\beta}}{2\left (\pi^2-\beta^2\right )}\cos{\theta_0}+\frac{\pi^2\sin{\beta}}{2\left (\pi^2-\beta^2\right )}\sin{\theta_0}
\end{split}$$

Eq. \[res4\] can therefore be expressed as the sum of two terms:

$$\label{res6}
\Sigma_1(\tau)=\int_{[0;\delta]}\left (1-e^{-\tau/\cos{\theta_0}}\right )\sin{\theta_0}\cos^2{\theta_0}d\theta_0$$

$$\label{res7}
\Sigma_2(\tau)=\int_{[0;\delta]}\left (1-e^{-\tau/\cos{\theta_0}}\right )\sin^2{\theta_0}\cos{\theta_0}d\theta_0$$

The first of these two functions cannot be integrated analytically, while the second admits a primitive. But we notice that the two functions are almost identical, except for a scale factor which can be easily fixed by imposing the asymptotes for large $\tau$ to be equal. By evaluating the two asymptotic values analytically, we find: $$L_1=\lim_{\tau\to\infty}{\Sigma_1(\tau)}=\int_{[0;\delta]}\sin{\theta_0}\cos^2{\theta_0}d\theta_0=\frac{1-\cos^3{\delta}}{3}$$ $$L_2=\lim_{\tau\to\infty}{\Sigma_2(\tau)}=\int_{[0;\delta]}\sin^2{\theta_0}\cos{\theta_0}d\theta_0=\frac{\sin^3{\delta}}{3}$$

We end up with adeviation from the collimated beam (dashed line) is similar to the previous case. Having measured all the optical properties necessary for modeling the radiative transfer, we get nice agreement between our model and the data without recurring to any free parameter.

![Experimental results obtained with suspensions of ceria oxide (a) and black carbon (b). Dashed line represents the normalized transmission for collimated light. Continuous line represents the result obtained with our model (without any free parameters). The region evidenced in grey indicates the uncertainty introduced in the model by exaggerating the uncertainties in the phase function.[]{data-label="fig:figura8"}](Fig5.pdf)

In Fig. \[fig:figura8\]b) we plot the normalized transmission through a suspension of black carbon as a function of the optical thickness, evaluated again as described above. Suspensions of dry powder produced by Sennelier, one


[@bailey].

The authors wish to acknowledge L. Ricci and W. Henney for early discussions on the radiative transfer through dark silhouette disks in the Orion Nebula. They are also indebted to anonymous referee for careful review of the original manuscript and helpful comments.

Appendix {#appendix .unnumbered}
========

Here we briefly present the methods we adopted to determine the quantities needed for the model to be compared to the results obtained with nonspherical particles, namely ceria oxide and carbon black.

We performed measurements with a commercial spectrophotometer (SP), a custom made laser turbidimeter (LT), a small angle laser light scattering (SALS) based upon the novel method of near field scattering (Mazzoni 2013), and a custom made optical particle counter (OPC). Thanks to these independent measurements, the scattering phase functions $p(\mu)$, the scattering optical depths2005, J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transfer, 95, 71 Van de Hulst, H. C. 1981, Light Scattering by Small Particles (NewYork:Dover)

Van Dishoeck, E. F., & Black, J. H. 1986, , 62, 109

[^1]: datasheet available at *http://i-fiberoptics.com/laser-accessories-detail.php?id=1018*)


schools from homeopathic and herbal, to what we know today as modern western medicine. The Rockefeller and Carnegie foundations sought to patent the petrochemical medical education as the sole practice in the United States. The natural health colleges were not pushing enough chemical drugs, and those drugs were primarily owned by the Carnegies and the Rockefellers.

So out came the authorized preordained Flexner Report, funded by the two foundations, that called on American medical schools to enact higher admission and graduation standards, and in so many words, stated that it was far too easy to open a medical school. This report was used to shift from holistic to pharmaceutical practice. The American Medical Association, who were evaluating the various medical colleges, made it their job to target and shutthat way ever since.

Predictably, the schools that had the funding of these foundations turned out the “recognized” doctors that were taught to push pharmaceutical drugs instead of holistic treatments, even if the holistic treatment could work better, or would cost less. By 1925, 10,000 herbalists were out of business, and by 1940 over 1500 chiropractors were prosecuted for practicing quackery. The 22 homeopathic medical schools that flourished in the 1900s dwindled down to just two by 1923, and by 1950 all the schools teaching homeopathy were closed. In the end if a doctor did not graduate from a Flexner approved medical school, he or she could not find a job. Most doctors today do not even realize they are lap dogs of the pharmaceutical industry.

Looking back on the


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//

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  preaching — and some are already pursing — policies informed by a completely different assessment of those virtues.” (p. 218) Similarly, Morozov castigates many of America’s leading high-tech companies — Facebook, Google, Microsoft, Apple, Twitter, etc. – for preaching the values of Net freedom but then all too willingly handed over information about dissidents to repressive State actors, or playing ball with foreign thugs in other ways.

Morozov is right; American leaders in both government and business need to better align their actions with their rhetoric when it comes to the interaction of government and technology. Too often, both groups are guilty of talking a big game about the Internet and freedom, only to later take steps to undermine that cause. As Morozov asks in a recent New York


Net to politics and regime change, but I think he’s gone a bit overboard in The Net Delusion. I realize how much fun playing the role of cranky contrarian must be for him since he’s addressing a target-rich environment, full of irrational Internet exuberance. But Morozov just lays it all on a bit too thick for my taste. “[T]he important thing is to acknowledge that the debate about the Internet’s effects on democracy isn’t over and to avoid behaving as if the jury is already out,” he argues. (p. 241) Fair enough. The problem is, based on the tone of The Net Delusion and some of its conclusions, it appears that Evgeny Morozov has already sent the jury home and rendered a guilty verdict against the Net.

____________

Additional Readingbarrier to adequate HIV prevention is the fact that, although the USVI are a territory of the United States, their cultural practices are those of the Caribbean. Thus, HIV programs developed on the U.S. mainland are often ineffective in USVI. A lack of consistent and accurate reporting to HIV/AIDS surveillance staff on the part of clinicians also hinders early trend detection efforts, as well as effective HIV management. Strategies to address HIV among USVI women and girls include: 1) increasing awareness of issues that impact them negatively and increase their vulnerability to HIV, 2) developing and funding delivery of effective, culturally appropriate HIV-related interventions, and 3) increasing the size and technical capacity of the USVI clinical workforce. Simultaneously updating current health care professionals on best practices for HIV


of its own, Valve remains committed to the games. That includes continued work on Dota 2, seeing what lessons learned through The International can be applied to other Valve games and helping other eSports leagues host their own events for Dota 2.

"We've learned a lot about what it's like to run a live sporting event," Johnson said. And perhaps that could lead to a Valve hosted tournament for another one of their popular eSports games: first-person shooter Counter-Strike Global Offensive.

"The Counter-Strike team pays pretty close attention to what's going on," he said. "We share a lot of ideas between the two products."

Valve also shares a lot of their lessons and hosting tools with eSports leagues around the world.

The Germany-based Electronic Sports League, which has more than 4 million"And Jazz is getting tired of standing on the second-floor balcony... holding a pool skimmer." "Come on, Prince, man." "I know a playground in my neighborhood." "'Course we can only play half-court." "They use the other end to sell stolen appliances." "Dope." "Let's go." "Hold on." "We don't want you playing there." "There's a perfectly good basketball court at the school, where Carlton is practicing." "Carlton's on the basketball team?" "How do they do?" "They try hard, but to tell you the truth, they haven't won a game so far." "Aunt Viv, don't you think if we went down to watch them practice..." "Carlton would be a little embarrassed?" " Let's go." " Let's go." "All right." "Good try!" "Man, these guys need help." "Help?" "They need a


telethon." "He threw that ball to me." "I'm on the other team." "I'm supposed to try and get it." " You don't have to be rude about it." " You two, make up right now." "All right, men." "Another brilliant warm-up." "Frankly, I think there's been way too much emphasis over the years... on putting the ball actually through the hoop." "So let's practice some passing." " Coach Smiley, may I have a minute?" " Sure." "All right, men, take five." "Headmaster Thorvald, good afternoon." "This is Barry O'Donnell." "He's a distinguished alumnus... and I'm encouraging him to donate money for a new gymnasium." "Coach." "What do you think the team's prospects are this year?" "For what?" "For winning." "Excuse me." "What about those two?" "You've been holdingout on me." "Now those are players." "I'd like to meet them." "Gentlemen." "Not you." "You two, come on over." "I want you to meet somebody." "Mr. Thorvald, straight up, about that fire alarm:" "I don't know who pulled it." "Forget about it." "I'd like you to meet two of Bel-Air Academy's newest recruits." "This is Will Smith and..." "Your name is..." "Jazz, man." "Of course, Mr. Jazzman." "Will, where have you been hiding yourself?" "What do you mean?" "During gym class?" "No." "I just wondered, how'd you two men like to join the school team?" "Man, I ain't even in this school." "I'm willing to look past that if you are." "Coach, he can't be on the team if he's not in school here." "Okay." "How about


sports fan." "Mother, please, it's Will's first game with the team." "I'm proud of him." "If I didn't show up to support him, what kind of cousin would I be?" "It'll be three hours well spent." "Three hours?" "Five, four, three, two, one!" "I'm going to Disneyland!" "You did all right!" "All right, men, good game on Friday." "But we can do even better this week." " So let's go over some plays." " Sorry I'm late, Coach!" "Sorry isn't good enough, Cartwell." " I was under the assumption..." " You made an assumption." "Don't make an assumption... because you will be an ass... and the ump will shun you." "Cartwell, after practice, you give me 10 laps around the school." "Yes, Coach." "Now let's take a lookMicropulse diode laser photocoagulation for central serous chorio-retinopathy.
Central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC) is usually characterized by a localized detachment of the neurosensory retina that is self-limiting. However, some cases may persist or recur leading to degenerative changes of the retinal pigment epithelium and the neurosensory retina resulting in severe visual loss and requiring intervention. This retrospective case series reports the long-term visual outcome of the use of micropulse laser photocoagulation for this condition with a review of literature. The mean follow up was 17.1 months. Four of the five patients had complete resolution of symptoms whereas one patient had recurrent CSC from a new leak that failed to resolve after repeat micropulse treatment despite improvement in symptoms. The outcomes in this case series confirm the long-term efficacy of micropulse


D) a decrease of 2.43 mmHg was observed at the 6-month follow-up (p < 0.001). In the moderate hyperopia group (range: 3.25-6.00 D) a decrease of 2.05 mmHg was observed at the 6-month follow-up (p < 0.001). There were no significant differences between low and moderate hyperopia (p = 0.812). There was no statistically significant correlation between the magnitude of decrease in tonometry and gender, age, treated spherical equivalent, pachymetry, and anterior chamber depth (ACD). This clinical study displays that postoperative tonometry after hyperopic LASIK was significantly lower than the preoperative, hence modifying the reliability of Goldmann tonometry, and causing an intraocular pressure underestimation. A correcting factor should be applied when using applanation tonometry to measure postoperative intraocular pressure in patients who have undergone hyperopic LASIK.summarized in [Table 1](#t0005){ref-type="table"}.Table 1Salient features of LC--MS methods developed for desmopressin in biological samples.S. no.Column; mobile phase; flow rate; injection volumeExtraction technique; biological matrix; mean recoveryDetection technique; linear dynamic range/LOD; analytical run time; retention time; application/purposeRefs.1Nucleosil C~18~ (CC 125/2, 120-3); acetonitrile--0.01% formic acid in 1.6 mM ammonium acetate (33:67, v/v); 0.20 mL/min; 10 µLExtraction with water and methanol/ethanol (50:50); skin; NDLC--MS; 0.05--2 µg/mL; 10 min; 2.6 min; transdermal[@bib7]2Phenomenex Luna C~18~ (150 mm×2 mm i.d., 5 µm); methanol--0.05% formic acid, pH 3 (gradient composition); 0.20 mL/min; 50 µLSPE with Strata-X 8B-S100-TAK C18-E (30 mg) cartridges; blood plasma; 88.67%LC--MS; 2.00 pg/mL; 18 min; ND; ND[@bib8]3Pyramid--C~18~ (50 mm×2.1 mm i.d., 1.9 µm); acetonitrile--0.1% formic acid (gradient composition); 0.30 mL/min; NDSPE with STRATA-XCW (30 mg) cartridges; urine; 103%LC--MS/MS TOF; 50--2000 pg/mL; 13 min; 5.4 min; doping control[@bib9]4Zorbax 300SB C~18~ (50 mm×1.0 mm, i.d., 3.5 µm); acetonitrile--0.1% acetic acid--0.01% triflouro acetic acid (gradient composition); 50 µL/min; 30 µLSPE with


version of the right thing. But it’s revolting to think about the hypocrisy of these people. Last week, I wrote: “You know how they say that everyone finds religion in a foxhole? Well, here’s Tomasky’s corollary: In an economic crisis, everybody becomes a Keynesian eventually. When the country’s back is up against the wall, even right-wing Republicans finally submit to the obvious reality that the government has to do something. They’re not there yet.”

Now they’re there—or at least most of them; not Rand Paul and darling of the intellectual right Ben Sasse and that buffoon Ron Johnson, who thinks up to 11 million deaths isn’t that huge a deal. And thank goodness. But to watch these people, who’ve spent 40 years policing the Government Is Evil beat, seeusing GCs in constraining the coefficients $\alpha, \beta$ and $\gamma$ lies in the fact that all the stars in a given cluster are at the same distance, and can be considered to share the same metal content and be subject to the same extinction effect.” We then estimate the corresponding metallicity slopes ($\beta$) of these relations based on photometric data for field RR Lyrae type variables with known \[Fe/H\], and, finally, infer the zero points ($\gamma$) of the corresponding relations based on (1) results of statistical-parallax-analysis by @dambis3 and (2) HST FSG trigonometric parallaxes.

The data
========

Last year, the WISE All-Sky Data Release [@cutri_wise] was made public, mapping the entire sky in four mid-infrared bands W1, W2, W3, and W4 with the effective wavelengths of 3.368, 4.618, 12.082 and 22.194 $\mu$m,


and $\alpha_{W2}$=-2.269 $\pm$ 0.127).

\[singleslopesolutions\]

The metallicity slopes ($\beta_{X}$) {#met}
------------------------------------

We now follow the procedure employed by @dambis3 to estimate the metallicity slopes $\beta_{W1}$ and $\beta_{W2}$ of the W1- and W2-band PML relations for RR Lyraes. The following analysis is to a large degree based on our previous paper [@dambis3], where we use the metallicity scale of @ZW84, and we therefore use metallicities on this scale throughout this subsection. We make the necessary transformation to the modern scale of @carretta in the next subsection. We first compute the $(<V> - <W1>)_0$ and $(<V> - <W2>)_0$ intrinsic colour indices of 265 field RR Lyraes with $|b|~>25^o$ from Table 2 of @dambis3 by dereddening the corresponding observed $(<V> - <W1>)$ and $(<V> - <W2>)$ colours using the $A_V$ values from the above paper (computed using the75. Under the so-called entanglement theory, "a company may so involve itself in the preparation of reports and projections by outsiders as to assume a duty to correct material errors in those projections." Elkind v. Liggett & Myers, Inc., 635 F.2d 156, 163 (2d Cir.1980). Such liability attaches where that defendant "sufficiently entangled itself with the analysts' forecasts."[6]Id.
The federal securities laws impose a "duty to disclose any material facts that are necessary to make disclosed material statements, whether mandatory or volunteered, not misleading." See In re Craftmatic Sec. Litig., 890 F.2d 628, 641 (3d Cir.1989). Thus, when a corporation makes positive statements concerning an aspect of a company's business operations  such as defendants' October, 1994 statements concerning USHC's enrollment growth and MLR  the corporation is obligated


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    1. Technical Field
The present invention relates to an image recording device and an image recording method.
2. Related Art
In inkjet printers and the like, which are an example of image recording devices, a platen (medium support part) is provided for supporting a medium on which an image is printed so that the medium has a fixed alignment relative to a head for discharging ink (e.g. Patent Japanese Laid-Open Patent Publication No. 8-197799).


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of the State. Intervention and aid by the Union will be necessary. A duty has, therefore, been imposed by the Constitution on the Union to protect every State against external aggression and internal disturbance”.

The key words in this quote are ‘divided loyalties’. The glaring examples of this are separatist movement based on loyalty to Pakistan and Radical version of Islam in Kashmir, Gorkhaland agitation in West Bengal and Caste reservation arson in certain States.

India is a land of fragile unity amidst divided loyalties towards religion, region, caste and language. Unity in diversity is like glass that gets shattered time and again by communal and caste violence.

Even in countries where divided loyalties are not as vast and deep-rooted as in India, their respective constitution provides for imposition of emergency- Article 356 for imposition of Governor’s/Central rule in a State. Even Modi Government has misused this provision in two opposition-ruled States, inviting adverse verdicts from the Supreme Court.

SC categorized emergency into four types. These are:

(a) A situation of grave emergency whereby the security of India or any part of its territory is threatened by war or external aggression or armed rebellion. (Articles 352 and related Articles: 353, Proviso to 83(2), 250, 354, 358 and 359).

(b) A situation involving breakdown of constitutional machinery in a State, i.e., where the Government of the State cannot be carried on in accordance with the provisions of the Constitution (Articles 356 and 357).

(c) A situation of 'external aggression' and/or 'internal disturbance' which is not grave enough to satisfy the requirements of either


facilitated far larger, longer and more accurate computer simulations of polysaccharides than was possible when the previous simulations of GBSIII/Pn14 PS were performed. Therefore, we considered it timely to embark on more extensive modeling of these capsular polysaccharides. Our aim is to shed light on the remaining unanswered questions on the conformations of the GBSIII and Pn14 PS, including the following. Does the GBSIII PS have a helical conformation? Are the conformation and dynamics of the GBSIII PS significantly different to Pn14 PS? What are the likely minimal epitopes for these two PS? Why are some fragments more effective antigens than others?

To answer these questions, we compare the solution conformation and dynamics of the GBSIII and Pn14 PS, as well as the corresponding unbranched saccharide, to determine theof the PMF maps reveals that addition of a N-Acetyl group restricts the range of motion of the $\beta$[d]{.smallcaps}Gal(1→4)$\beta$[d]{.smallcaps}GlcNAc linkage ([Figure A1](#pharmaceuticals-12-00028-f0A1){ref-type="fig"}d, left) somewhat as compared to the $\beta$[d]{.smallcaps}Gal(1→4)$\beta$[d]{.smallcaps}Glc linkage ([Figure A1](#pharmaceuticals-12-00028-f0A1){ref-type="fig"}b, left). The energy of the anti-$\psi$ minimum is slightly lowered and the anti-$\phi$ minimum raised. This is reflected in the narrower range of rotation in the simulations of the GBSIII and Pn14 6RU oligosaccharides ([Figure A1](#pharmaceuticals-12-00028-f0A1){ref-type="fig"}d). Rotation to the *anti*-$\psi$ orientation of this linkage is prevented by the proximity of the backbone $\beta$[d]{.smallcaps}Glc residue. In Pn14, the last RU which is not in contact with a branch has a significant population of the anti-$\psi$ conformer. This is in agreement with simulations of both sLe${}^{X}$\[[@B20-pharmaceuticals-12-00028]\] and sLe${}^{X}$-5 \[[@B45-pharmaceuticals-12-00028]\], where the same linkage is constrained by the close


2.0 (Psychology Software Tools Inc., Sharpsburg, NC, USA) was used for the go/no-go task. The task, referred from pervious study (Zhou et al., [@B59]), involved the serial presentation on a computer screen of eight different two-digit numerical stimuli (four go stimuli and four no-go stimuli), displayed white on black background (1.5 cm × 1.5 cm in size). A total of 160 stimuli were presented in 20 blocks. Each block included eight trials, and pseudo-randomly presented with no more than three consecutive trials with either a go or no-go stimulus so that withholding a response involved overcoming an established response tendency. The go stimuli in any blocks were "08," "63," "74," and "25"; the no-go were "58," "19," "14," and "79." Subjects were told that the task involved learning when to go (barpress as quickly as possible) or not to go (withhold response) and that responses after some numbers would result in winning money (\$0.16 per trial) but responses after others would result in losing money (\$0.16 per response). The response window was 1000 ms and the inter-trial interval (ITI) was 1500 ms. Reward contingencies (green background with +\$0.16 in white) or punishment contingencies (red background with −\$0.16 in white) were presented on the computer screen for 1000 ms immediately after a response (within the 1500 ms ITI). The experiment included a practice phase and a recording phase. The practice phase consisted of 16 go and no-go trials. The percentage of hits and reactive time (RT) to go stimuli and the percentage of false alarms to no-go stimuli were used for analysis. When the


and freedom from distraction. The participant was told to listen carefully because he or she will say a series of numbers and ask him or her to repeat them back in the same order. The first series is three numbers, such as "3, 9, 2." Each number is said in a monotone voice, one second apart. The person repeats those numbers back. The next step is to speak a series of four numbers, such as, "4, 7, 3, 1." Again, the individual repeats those back. Continue in the same manner by increasing the series of numbers to five and asking the participant to repeat the numbers back.

Statistical analysis {#S2-4}
--------------------

Data were analyzed using SPSS (SPSS, Chicago, IL, USA). Sex ratio among IAD group, AD group, and NC group weremaintain set of IAD and AD group were significantly higher than that of NC group, while above three main type data were not significantly different between IAD and AD group. Additionally, percentage of conceptual level responses and the number of categories completed of IAD and AD group were significantly lower than that of NC group, while above two main type data were not significantly different between IAD and AD group. These results indicate that both Internet addictive individuals and alcohol-dependent patients present the same property of executive dysfunctions. Many previous neuropsychological researches indicated that Internet-related cues interfere with control processes mediated by the prefrontal cortex and prefrontal brain areas, and Internet-related stimuli interfere with decision-making and other prefrontal functions, such as working memory and further executive functions (Brand


with Orthodox, Conservative, and Reform Judaism; I'm really not sure whether those differences are significant worldwide.)

A:

Jews who came from Muslim lands tend to keep kosher, even if they're not super-affiliated. (There wasn't much more to eat in their Muslim surroundings.) This is why Paris has more kosher restaurants than New York City: the average somewhat-affiliated Jew in New York City is of European ancestry, and doesn't demand a kosher restaurant. The average somewhat-affiliated Jew in Paris is of North African ancestry, and expects a restaurant that's kosher.
More broadly, in parts of the world that didn't experience the Enlightment/Reformation the way that Europe did, the predominant brand of Judaism is Orthodox. Many don't affiliate, and don't attend, but if they did attend synagogue, it would be an Orthodox one!IJ granted Gjura asylum, finding she testified credibly

and belonged to a particular social group — “young, unmarried Albanian women” — at risk of

being kidnapped and forced into prostitution. The Department of Homeland Security (“DHS”)

filed an appeal, and in January 2011, the BIA reversed the IJ’s decision. In re Flora Gjura, No.

A098 559 959 (B.I.A. Jan. 31, 2011), rev'g No. A098 559 959 (Immig. Ct. N.Y. City Sept. 9,

2008). The BIA found that the purported social group was “too amorphous” to constitute a


Q:

In what order does user space code execute?

Hi I'm writting a char driver that reads and writes to a particular device. Since I'm a noob, this is a very simple and easy char drive that only utilizes the simplest of protocols such as open, read, write, and release. To test my driver I am using the following program ... bellow is the source for my user-space program.
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <netdb.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>
#include <signal.h>
#include <poll.h>

int main(void){
int num;
char *buff;
FILE *fd = fopen("/dev/hi","a+");
num = fprintf(fd,"this is sentence 1 !!");
num = fprintf(fd,"this is sentence 2 !!");
num = fprintf(fd,"this is sentence 3 !!");
num = fprintf(fd,"this is sentence 4 !!");
num = fprintf(fd,"this is sentence 5 !!");
buff = malloc(sizeof(char) * num+1);
fread(buff,sizeof(char),num+1,fd);
printf("%s\n",buff);
fread(buff,sizeof(char),num+1,fd);
printf("%s\n",buff);
fread(buff,sizeof(char),num+1,fd);
printf("%s\n",buff);
fread(buff,sizeof(char),num+1,fd);
printf("%s\n",buff);
fread(buff,sizeof(char),num+1,fd);
printf("%s\n",buff);
free(buff);
close(fd);
return 0;
}

Now its not important how my driver works but, in what orderopened in 1918


/*
    Authors:
        Pavel Březina <pbrezina@redhat.com>

    Copyright (C) 2014 Red Hat

    This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
    it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
    the Free Software Foundation; either version 3 of the License, or
    (at your option) any later version.

    This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
    but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
    MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
    GNU General Public License for more details.

             sss_sifp_alloc_func *alloc_func,
                 sss_sifp_free_func *free_func,
                 sss_sifp_ctx **_ctx)
{
    sss_sifp_ctx *ctx = NULL;
    DBusConnection *conn = NULL;
    DBusError dbus_error;
    sss_sifp_error ret;

    if (_ctx == NULL || alloc_func == NULL || free_func == NULL) {
        return SSS_SIFP_INVALID_ARGUMENT;
    }

    dbus_error_init(&dbus_error);

    ctx = alloc_func(sizeof(sss_sifp_ctx), alloc_pvt);
    if (ctx == NULL) {


    ret = SSS_SIFP_OUT_OF_MEMORY;
        goto done;
    }

    object->interface = sss_sifp_strdup(ctx, interface);
    if (object->interface == NULL) {
        ret = SSS_SIFP_OUT_OF_MEMORY;
        goto done;
    }

    *_object = object;

    ret = SSS_SIFP_OK;

done:
    if (ret != SSS_SIFP_OK) {
        sss_sifp_free_object(ctx, &object);
    }

    return ret;
}

void
sss_sifp_free(sss_sifp_ctx **_ctx)
{
    sss_sifp_ctx *ctx = NULL;

    if (_ctx == NULL || *_ctx == NULL) {
        return;
    }

       hash_destroy(attrs[i]->data.str_dict);
            }
            attrs[i]->data.str_dict = NULL;
            break;
        }
        _free(ctx, attrs[i]->name);
        _free(ctx, attrs[i]);
    }

    _free(ctx, attrs);

    *_attrs = NULL;
}

void
sss_sifp_free_object(sss_sifp_ctx *ctx,
                     sss_sifp_object **_object)
{
    sss_sifp_object *object = NULL;

    if (_object == NULL || *_object == NULL)


judgecorp writes: "Mozilla's fledgling mobile operating system is coming into view with some more screenshots and a video. The OS runs apps written in HTML5, which Mozilla says will make it a winner with developers."with Europe and even China in 2016. A lot of that is, of course, due to the lack of major LANs in the region, but things are picking up this year. Where would you rate NA at the moment and where do you think it will be by the end of the year?

"NA definitely falls short of EU."

North America's biggest issue is and has always been infrastructure. It's easy to talk about how NA isn't winning EU events but then gloss over how we had maybe seven representatives in a 200-man Dreamhack Winter field. North America is struggling to have a pool of players that travel to every event and are serious contenders to take titles, so teams don't pay to send them to EU for events, so


that once the signal is given, he is no longer the master of policy but the slave of unforeseeable and uncontrollable events." ~Winston Churchill

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Charles Spurgeon

"Our blessed Lord reveals himself to his people more in the valleys, in the shades, in the deeps, than he does anywhere else. He has a way and an art of showing himself to his children at midnight, making the darkness light by his presence."

Progress through Perseverance

It is not the critic who counts; not the man who points out how the strong man stumbled, or whether the doer of deeds could have done better. The credit belongs to the man who is actually into accept the notion that you are not as good or capable or usable as that woman you think is better than you (or that woman that thinks she is better than you and lets you know it).

If someone tries to make you feel small, you just stand tall and tell yourself, “I am a daughter of the Most High God, I am valued, I am complete in Him.” Notice I said, “tries.” No one can put you in your place but God, and if you belong to Him, you are already placed in His hand and He is in your heart.

Stop comparing yourself to other women. Stop trying to compete. Just be whom God made you. Accept who you are. Realize your value. Stand up and say,


where we cannot. We just want the pain to go away. We just want it to all work out. We don’t want to suffer. We don’t want to wait – but we must if we want His perfect work.

God also knows when His cup is full and it’s time to show his wrath. But it’s not for us to decide or do. He is waiting for fruit to grow – even through bad times, so He can reap the harvest. And remember, He lets the tares grow up alongside (evil men) and will one day burn them after He takes his fruit out (believers) and has His own secure and safe. I don’t like the tares. I spend my days rooting them out, watching for more to growfamilies’ homes. I’ve had kids complain to others about how mean we were as parents and swear they’ll never have anything to do with us when they move out. I’ve had the same kids come back and tell us we did the exact right thing in how we disciplined them and kept them safe during their growing up years. I’ve had kids tell me they hate me and then just a year later put their arm around me and tell me I’m the best. I’ve had children threaten me with knives and then just a couple of years later tell me they miss me and want nothing else but to come home. I’ve had children tell me I didn’t know what I was talking about only to call


God chose you to be my happiness. You are one of my favorite people in the whole world. I miss you more than I can say. I am proud of who you have become.

Jonathan, I love your love for children and find it a precious gift not everyone has. God gave you a special heart that He can use to do great things. You are going to make a difference in the world.

Jacob, your calm peaceful sense of living is an encouragement to me. When I saw you give your heart to God and live for him it renewed my faith in God’s success in changing hearts. Your spiritual growth has increased my faith.

Levi, your talent and enthusiasm for life has brought us such fun. Seeing you loveTheoretical underpinnings of state institutionalisation of inclusion and struggles in collective health in Latin America.
Community participation as a strategy in health aims to increase the role of citizens in health decision-making which are contextualised within the institutions of democracy. Electoral representation as the dominant model of democracy globally is based on the elite theory of democracy that sees political decision-making a prerogative of political elites. Such political elitism is counter to the idea of democratic participation. Neoliberalism together with elitism in political sphere have worsened social inequities by undermining working class interests. Latin America has seen adverse consequences of these social inequities. In response, social movements representing collective struggles of organised citizens arose in the region. This paper explores the theoretical underpinnings of democratic participation in contemporary Latin


AUSTIN (KXAN) — Austin Police Department and Fire Arson investigators are looking into the cause of an explosion that sent three people, including two police officers, to area hospitals early Tuesday morning.

Fire officials say officers were trying to talk to a driver around 2 a.m. at the Stassney Food Mart on 5717 South Interstate 35. When officers tried to get closer to him, he jumped back in his car and said, “I think I’m going to set the car and fire,” according to APD dash camera video. A few seconds later, a loud pop is heard and fire engulfed the vehicle.

One of the officers said he saw the driver with a lighter in his hand and investigators believe the vehicle had fuel in it.

The officers were able toNo news Saturday showed it was not good for the isles. Read he called toronto saturday night to say he was going there. Official word sunday afternoon. Listened to the phone interview with my local guys, you heard the emotion in his voice.

The longre it drug on I was convinced he was going to SJ. Surprised he signed with the Leafs because after he turned them down a few years ago I figured he just didn't want to play in a pressure environment. Well, let's see how this plays out, lol.

Yeah, if I was an Islanders fan, I'd be pissed. I find it hard to believe he made the decision to leave just in the last 48 hours or so. Interesting salary structure with the 77 million. 15


of this was due to the work of the MDC finance minister, Tendai Biti, and his adoption of the US dollar as the national currency. Money could no longer be printed at will or on a whim. The role of the prime minister, however, was less clearcut. Subject to the president, Tsvangirai’s scope for radical change was limited. However, since the MDC commanded a slim parliamentary majority, there was the possibility of a raft of legislative reform. None, however was forthcoming, and it must be said that Tsvangirai missed one of the few golden chances available to him.

President Robert Mugabe shakes hands with Movement for Democratic Change leader Morgan Tsvangirai in 2008, after a deal was struck between Zimbabwe’s opposition and ruling party. Photograph: Desmond Kwande/AFP/Getty Images

He had$X$ affine, $Y$ codimension $1$ implies $X \setminus Y$ affine. The simplest counter-example I know is $X = \mathrm{Spec}\ k[w,x,y,z]/(wz-xy)$ and $Y = \{ w=x=0 \}$.

A:

No (unless $k=0$). For example this set is not closed: consider diagonal matrices with exactly $k$ non zero entries and make one of these entries go to zero.


binding centers in MCF-10A cells. **h** 601 A nucleosome-EMSA shows that Satb1 binds efficiently to nucleosome-core embedded consensus motif resulting in 3 distinctly shifted populations, each increment presumably representing binding to one of the sites incorporated in SH3, SH4, and SH6. The ladder (\* aligned) image was obtained by staining the EMSA gel with SYBR Green after the fluorescence image was acquired in the Alexa 488 channel. **i, j** Line plots showing average of MGW, HelT, Roll (**i**) and ProT (**j**) values across 40 bp windows centered on consensus motifs bound by FL Satb1 in nucleosome free regions (*n* = 1968) compared to consensus motifs free of Satb1 (down sampled from *n* = 3039). **k** Line plots showing average percent A/T content across the same 40 bp windows as **i, j**. *p*-values in **i, j**and establishing that Satb1 is capable of binding target sites inside the nucleosomal core sequence even in the absence of remodelers. While these findings strongly support Satb1's candidacy as a pioneer factor, they do not explain Satb1's selective binding to a small subset of putative target sites.

Flanks with higher negative propeller twist promote binding {#Sec8}
-----------------------------------------------------------

To assess whether the shape of flanking sequences affects Satb1 selectivity, we compared the occupied to the non-occupied consensus Satb1 motifs. For each motif, we retrieved 100 bps on either side of the motif and evaluated its DNA shape^[@CR44]^. The sequences were further categorized into nucleosome-free regions (based on nucleosome occupancy analysis) and accessible or inaccessible chromatin (based on ATAC seq). Although nucleosome-free regions represent the least abundant class of Satb1 binding sites, this none


two wild-type replicates. The logarithm plot of ratio shows increased Satb1 binding upon treatment. **b** Plot of ChIP-seq signal of ICRF-193 (blue), CPT (red) treated "MCF-10A + Satb1" cells versus motif density calculated from a 400 bp window centered on Satb1 binding sites. **c** Few representative examples of ChIP-seq peak intensity before treatment (lower panel) and after treatment with ICRF-193 (middle panel) and CPT (upper panel). **d, e** TMP-seq was performed on native MCF10A cells and cells expressing exogenous Satb1 in presence and absence of CPT and ICRF-193 respectively. Final TMP-seq signal was derived after correction for free genomic DNA-sequence bias at 50 bp resolution across a 4 kb window centered on Satb1 binding sites. Ratio of TMP-seq signals in "MCF-10A + Satb1" cells treated with CPT (**d**) or ICRF-193 (**e**) over untreated "MCF-10A + Satb1" cells.for 10 min The pellet was resuspended in TE plus 0.65 M NaCl, homogenized in Dounce Homogenizer and then spun for 16 h at 46,000 rpm over a sucrose cushion (15% sucrose in TE plus 0.65 M NaCl). H5 histones were removed by repeating the wash in 0.675 M NaCl. The pellet was homogenized in TE buffer containing 2.0 M NaCl and centrifuged again for 16 h at 46,000 rpm. The supernatant contained equimolar mixture of 4 core histones.

Nucleosomes were assembled using 5' Alexa 488 labeled 601 A which is derivative of the nucleosome positioning 601^[@CR43]^. The nucleotides at superhelical locations SHL3, SHL4, and SHL6 (where the minor groove is facing histones/histone core) were modified (shown below in bold) to generate Satb1 consensus sites.

5'CTATACGCGGCCGCCCTGGAGAATCCCGGTCTGCAGGCCGCTCAATTGGTCGTAGACAGCTCTAGCACCGCTTAAACGCACGTACGCGCTGTCCCCCGCGTTTTAACCGCCAAGGT**TAATA**ATCCT**TAATA**ACCAGGCACGTGTCAT**TAATA**AACATCCTGTGCATGTGGATCCGCACTC3'

Reconstitution was performed following established protocols^[@CR64]^.

Briefly, core histones and DNA template were mixed at equimolar


ratios in low binding tubes (Fisher Scientific, cat. \#02--681--311) in TE buffer (plus 2 M NaCl) and incubated on ice for 1 h. The mixture was then injected into a Slyde-A-Lyzer unit (3.5 K MW cut off, Thermo Scientific, cat. \#69552) and dialyzed in a reconstitution buffer (20 mM Tris.HCl pH 8.0, 0.5 mM EDTA, 0.1% NP-40, 1 mM DTT, 0.5 mM Benzamidine) with a stepwise drop in NaCl concentration (1.0 M NaCl for 3 h, 0.75 M NaCl for 3 h, 0.5 M NaCl for 12 h, 50 mM NaCl for 6 h) to generate final reconstitutes.

For Electrophoretic Mobility Shift Assays 6 nM nucleosomes were incubated with increasing loading of Satb1in total volume of 25 µl in STE buffer (80 mM NaCl, 20 mM Tris-HCl, pH 8.0, 0.01% NP-40, 1 mM DTT). Resulting complexes were separated on 1% type IV (Sigma cat. \#A3643) agarose gel electrophoresis in 0.5xTBEinside the thymocyte nucleus in euchromatic regions with homogeneous fluorescence distribution using 488 nm laser with 0.6% power and PMT gain 825. The cells were imaged at a frequency of 0.0076 s/frame. A circular spot with radius = 15 pix (1.34 μm) was bleached so that the center of the circle aligned with the center of the scanned rectangle. Experiments were repeated in the same cell nucleus one more time without the bleaching step to correct for photo-bleaching^[@CR54]^.

The FRAP images were corrected for photo-bleaching and then normalized. Spatiotemporal fluorescence data for fitting were generated for each time point by averaging over the two pixels that constituted the height of the rectangular scan region. This resulted in a 50 × 1 pixel-wide line (VL3-3M2) or a 80 × 1 or alternatively a 160 × 1 pixel-wide line (MCF10A) that represented


human genome hg19 using bowtie. We use the fold of enrichment score from the peak-calling algorithm MACS2 as the TF\'s binding strength. The corresponding TMP-seq signal per binding site was calculated as the Logarithm of mean TMP-seq reads over a 400 bp genomic window centered on the binding sites, divided by the background TMP-seq signal (TMP-seq signal derived using purified genomic DNA as described above). The line plot for CHIP-seq versus TMP-seq relations for each TF was generated by calculating the average CHIP-seq signals for 20 evenly distributed groups of TMP-seq signal. The violin plots were used to show the distribution of TMP-seq signals for the top 20% strongly represented CHIP-seq peaks.

ATAC-seq data were analyzed according to Buenrostro et al.^[@CR37]^ and Denny et al.^[@CR69]^. In summary, the reads wereInfantile gliosarcoma: a case and a review of the literature.
Gliosarcoma in infant is a very rare entity. The authors present a case of gliosarcoma in a 23-month-old boy. The patient was admitted to our hospital with persistent headache and frequent vomiting. MR imaging demonstrated a large frontal well-circumscribed lesion with a heterogeneous gadolinium enhancement. Although macroscopically the tumor was totally extirpated, the boy died of rapid tumor regrowth 2 months after surgery. The surgical specimens obtained from the tumor showed an admixture of two distinctive neoplastic tissues. One was a malignant mesenchymal feature. Its fibrosarcomatous nature was characterized by spindle-shaped cells with fine fibers that were deeply stained in silver preparations for reticulin. The other was gliomatous tissue forming islands surrounded by the sarcomatous tissues. Its glioblastomatous nature


250 Cal.App.2d 438 (1967)
ROY R. SANTIN et al., Plaintiffs and Appellants,
v.
ALAN CRANSTON, as State Controller, etc., Defendant and Respondent.
Civ. No. 11353.
California Court of Appeals. Third Dist.
Apr. 25, 1967.
 Wilmer W. Morse for Plaintiffs and Appellants.
 Lawrence R. Gercovich and James R. Cutright for Defendant and Respondent.
 PIERCE, P. J.
 Two California National Guard officers (petitioners) retired after 20 years of military service, claimed monthly retirement benefits to be described, were allowed benefits in a lesser amount by respondent Controller, referred their claims to the Board of Control. That board sustained their larger claims but the Controller remained adamant. This proceeding for a writ of mandate in the superior court to compel the Controller to accede resulted in a judgment for the latter. Petitioners appeal.
 Thewould receive $235 per month, a reduction of $57.20.
 Early California cases--not cited herein since they are primarily of historical interest (see Ann. 52 A.L.R.2d 445, note 7, where they are cited)--held there was no vested right in a public employee to receive a pension which barred repeal of a pension law (as applied to nonretired employees). [1a] It is now well settled in California that there is a limited vested right when an employee goes to work for a public entity which has a retirement (pension) system, that the integrity of the system then in effect or as thereafter enacted to include employees of the benefited class then working will be maintained. It becomes an integral and indispensible part of the employment contract between the entity and


Vita Karoli Magni

Vita Karoli Magni (Life of Charles the Great) is a biography of Charlemagne, King of the Franks and Holy Roman Emperor, written by Einhard.

Literary context
Historians have traditionally described the work as the first example of a biography of a European king. The author tried to imitate the style of that of the ancient Roman biographer Gaius Suetonius Tranquillus, who is most famous for his Lives of the Caesars. Einhard's biography used especially the model of the biography of Emperor Augustus, the first emperor of the Roman Empire.

Date
The date of the work is uncertain, and a number of theories have been put forward. The inclusion of Charlemagne's will at the end of the work makes it fairly clear that it was written after his death in 814.present in the cytoplasm of both sterile and spermatogenous cells in the gametophyte, but centrin is translated only in spermatogenous cells \[[@B12]\]. Centrin RNA was examined in this study because of the extensive amount of preexisting knowledge regarding its spatial and temporal dynamics during microspore development \[for review see: \[[@B1]\]. Similarly, temporal and spatial control over translation has been observed for a number of other transcripts \[[@B12]\] and proteins \[[@B10]\] in these gametophytes.

An important mechanism regulating gametophyte development is the unmasking of stored transcripts for translation \[for review, \[[@B14]\]. Within this context we define \"masked RNA\" as mRNA whose translational state is initially inhibited, but later is \"unmasked\" to become translationally competent. This pool of masked mRNA is stored in the nucleus of the desiccated spore \[[@B15]\]. We


refer to mRNA that is uniformly distributed in the cytoplasm of all cell types in the gametophyte, but does not appear to be translated at anytime during development as quiescent cytoplasmic mRNA (qc-mRNA).

Recently, we found that the polyamine, spermidine (SPD), acts as a temporal regulator for releasing the masked, stored transcripts in the gametophyte \[[@B1],[@B15]\]. Exogenous additions of SPD and other polyamines at the time of spore hydration cause the precocious unmasking of spermidine synthase (SPDS) mRNA in addition to other masked transcripts including centrin, PRP-19, and gamma-tubulin \[[@B15]\]. High concentrations of SPD also arrest division cycles, presumably because of premature transcript unmasking. Precociously unmasked transcripts display an intriguing pattern of distribution, and appear as distinct particles in the nucleus \[[@B15]\]. These findings led us to hypothesize thatsubnuclear aggregations in microspore nuclei (Figure [1f](#F1){ref-type="fig"}). As the desiccation process continued, these small aggregations coalesced into larger particles (Figure [1g, h](#F1){ref-type="fig"}), until a single large aggregation occupied most of the volume of the nucleoplasm.

Since the single aggregate present in dry spores superficially resembles a nucleolus, we used markers known to associate with nucleoli to confirm we were looking at aggregated speckles. To distinguish between speckles and nucleoli, we analyzed 25S rRNA distributions by in situ hybridization (ISH) in the desiccating microspore, which we expected to label large nucleoli. This rRNA was present as a conspicuous nuclear particle (Figure [1i](#F1){ref-type="fig"}), and exhibited some cytoplasmic staining in the microspores prior to the onset of desiccation. Nuclear 25S rRNA persisted during the first 2 weeks of desiccation (Figure [1j](#F1){ref-type="fig"}) but


Mv-Mago may also play a role in the asymmetric distribution of nuclear speckle components, including masked centrin mRNA, the effect of Mv-Mago silencing on the distribution of both masked mRNA and associated proteins was assessed. RNAi has previously been demonstrated to abolish detectable translation of Mv-Mago \[[@B37]\]. Gametophytes treated with dsRNA targeting Mv-Mago transcripts for RNAi were labeled with anti-U2B\"antibody as a way to determine whether Mv-Mago and the EJC play a role in the asymmetric distribution of protein associated with masked mRNA in the nucleus. RNAi silencing of Mv-Mago resulted in a range of division anomalies described previously \[[@B37]\] and caused the symmetric distribution of U2B\" protein to spermatogenous and jacket cells, as well as the disorganization of U2B\" in spermatogenous cells (Figure [5s-5u](#F5){ref-type="fig"}: compare with Figurequiescence. Like many dormant systems that stockpile polysomes \[[@B38]-[@B40]\], our findings show that a traditional nucleolus is absent from the desiccated microspore and suggest that little, if any, new ribosome biogenesis occurs during spermatogenesis in *M. vestita*.

U2B\", which is present in the subnuclear aggregation, is commonly used as a marker of Cajal bodies (CBs) in both animals and plants. Is the aggregate a CB? Coilin is widely considered to be a diagnostic marker of the CB in animals \[[@B41],[@B42]\], where it functions to concentrate and facilitate snRNP formation \[[@B43]\]. Unfortunately, coilin proteins in animals and plants are highly divergent, and they are sufficiently distinct so that anti-coilin antibodies used to identify CBs in animal cells show no specific affinity for plant coilins \[[@B44]\]. Despite the presence of U2B\"


storage of pre-mRNA processing machinery, nuclear speckles could serve as sites for the storage of mRNA during periods of inhibited transcription and/or splicing. Intriguingly, a subset of speckle associated poly(A)+ RNA is masked mRNA (SPDS and centrin) that is known to be essential for gametophyte development in *M. vestita*. It is important to point out that with the required use of Proteinase K in our *in situ*hybridization protocols, FISH and immunofluorescence labeling had to be performed sequentially as described in the Methods section. Immunofluorescence labeling had to be performed first, followed by imaging and removal of coverslips, prior to treating the cells for FISH. We attempted a number of methods that would allow simultaneous immuno- and in situ labeling on the same sections of gametophytes, but we hadsubnuclear bodies (including nuclear speckles) have a cytoplasmic phase in their cycles \[[@B49],[@B16],[@B52]\] and there is mounting evidence that the displacement of some bodies to the cytoplasm plays a key role in cellular function. For example, the nucleolinus of *Spisula*oocytes enters the cytoplasm following activation, and centrosomes form within the diffusing nucleolinus. In parthenogenetically activated oocytes, laser ablation of the nucleolinus results in a failed meiotic division and microtubule disorganization, demonstrating a clear functional role for the nucleolinus in spindle formation and cell division \[[@B52]\]. We suspect that in addition to the storage of masked mRNA, nuclear speckles could serve to regulate the asymmetric distribution and translation of these messages in the cytoplasm of spermatogenous cells.

Ongoing and future characterizations of the subnuclear masked mRNA and associated processing machinery


1:10 respectively. Mouse monoclonal antibody against SC35 was obtained commercially from Abcam (ab11826 <http://www.abcam.com>) and used at a dilution of 1:200. Goat-anti-biotin, AlexaFluor 594 conjugated goat-anti-mouse and AlexaFluor 594 conjugated rabbit-anti-goat antibodies were obtained from Molecular Probes (Molecular Probes, Invitrogen Detection Technologies <http://www.invitrogen.com>) and were used at 1:200, 1:1000, and 1:1000 dilutions respectively. Histochemical detection of antibodies was carried out using an alkaline phosphatase conjugated anti-mouse antibody, followed by visualization with nitro-blue tetrazolium and 5-bromo-4-chloro-3-indolyl phosphate.

Immunocytochemistry/FISH double labeling
----------------------------------------

In double labeling experiments, antibody labeling was performed as described above, coverglasses were mounted but not sealed. Following imaging, coverglasses were removed by incubating slides in PBS-T, 3 times for 5 minutes on a rocker. Following coverglass removal, our standard FISH protocol was followed as detailed above.

RNAi
----

RNA interference was performed aswith RNase and double-stained with both DAPI (blue) and PY (green). **i**-**j**, DNase pretreated samples were double-stained with DAPI (blue) and PY (green). **k**-**l**, DNase and RNase treated samples were double-stained with DAPI (blue) and PY (green). Bar = 25 μm.

######

Click here for file

###### Additional file 3

**Movie S1. Pyronin Y labeling reveals discreet aggregations of subnuclear RNA after 2 weeks of dehydration**. Microspores collected and fixed after 2 weeks without watering were sectioned and double stained with DAPI and PY. Subnuclear PY (green) signal was detected in successive confocal slices and these were rendered as a 3D model. Movie is in .mov format playable with QuickTime.

######

Click here for file

###### Additional file 4

**Movie S2. Pyronin Y labeling reveals a partial coalescence of RNA aggregates after 4 weeks


less well understood disorder. The major genetic risk factor for LOAD is *APOE* genotype [@pone.0031039-The1]. The frequency of mutations in *APP*, *PSEN1*, *PSEN2* in LOAD families is unknown because no study has systematically screened these genes in a large series of LOAD families. Because LOAD is so much more common than EOAD, the presence of even a low frequency of mutations would represent a large number of affected families.

Alzheimer Disease is a complex disease and shows heritability of up to 80% [@pone.0031039-Gatz1]. Most recent genetic studies of AD have focused on the identification of common variants associated with risk for AD through genome-wide association studies (GWAS). These studies have identified several new genes that show significant association after multiple test correction in multiple datasets: *CLU*, *PICALM*, *BIN1*, *CR1*,*ABCA7*, *MS4A6A*, *CD33* and *CD2AP* [@pone.0031039-Harold1]--[@pone.0031039-Naj1]. However, each of these new signals only account for about 4--9% of the variance in AD susceptibility [@pone.0031039-ErtekinTaner1]. The total proportion of heritability explained by the genes that show an association with AD (including APOE) is estimated to be 23% [@pone.0031039-So1], therefore a large proportion of the heritability for LOAD remains unexplained.

GWAS studies are only able to identify common variants that are associated with disease. Importantly, the effect of rare variants cannot be determined in these studies. It has been suggested that the combined effect of rare deleterious mutations could explain a substantial fraction of genetic susceptibility to many common diseases [@pone.0031039-Nejentsev1]--[@pone.0031039-Kim1]. Rare alleles can only be identified through resequencing large populations.

In this study we have screened a large collection of LOAD


3](#pone-0031039-t003){ref-type="table"}). The frequency of rare variants in *APP*, *PSEN1* and *PSEN2* in this dataset was significantly higher than the frequency of rare variants found in these genes in three series not enriched for AD cases (GlaxoSmithKline study (GSK study), 1,000 genome project and Exome Variant Server). In the GlaxoSmithKline study (see [Materials and Methods](#s4){ref-type="sec"} and Supporting [Materials and Methods S1](#pone.0031039.s001){ref-type="supplementary-material"}; n = 12,481), a total of 376 novel and rare non-synonymous, variants were found in *APP*, *PSEN1* and *PSEN2* (2.91% of the samples), but we found 28 rare non-synonymous variants (6.38%) in our 439 samples (p = 6.82×10^−5^; OR = 2.19; 95%CI = 1.347--3.26). In the 1,000 genomes project only 25 rare (MAF\<0.05) non-synonymous, nonsense or splice-site variants were identified in these genes from three different populations (CEU, YRI and CHBJPT; (p = 5.09×10^−5^; OR = 2.21; 95%CI = 1.49--3.28; see Supportingnon-synonymous, splice-site and nonsense sequence variants are shown.

Pathogenic or likely pathogenic mutations {#s2a}
-----------------------------------------

We identified eight sequence variants, one each in *APP* and *MAPT*, two in *PSEN1*, and four in *GRN*, in a total of 14 families (3.2% of the total families) that are known to cause disease or appear to be highly penetrant rare pathogenic alleles, based on segregation data, bioinformatics and sequence data in additional controls. Three of these variants are novel and five were previously reported ([Table 4](#pone-0031039-t004){ref-type="table"}, [5](#pone-0031039-t005){ref-type="table"} and [Table S2](#pone.0031039.s004){ref-type="supplementary-material"}). The sequence variants showing perfect segregation were the previously reported pathogenic G206A mutation in *PSEN1* [@pone.0031039-Rogaeva1], [@pone.0031039-Athan1], the previously reported pathogenic variant *GRN* R110X [@pone.0031039-VanDeerlin1], [@pone.0031039-Yu1] and *GRN* G515A. In each family, all of the genotyped affected individuals carried the sequence variants, but none


that neuropathological diagnosis for these individuals will be FTD and not AD.

Our study indicates that families carrying mutations in *GRN* or *MAPT* can present with disease that is clinically indistinguishable from probable AD even in specialist memory disorder clinics, which is analogous to the observations that "AD mutations" can present with frontotemporal lobar degeneration [@pone.0031039-Mendez1]--[@pone.0031039-Marcon1]. Identification of families and individuals carrying mutations in genes associated with frontotemporal lobar degeneration will be important for clinical management of these patients, particularly as therapies are developed that target the specific pathophysiologic processes of these disorders.

Some of the rare variants discovered in this study appear to increase the risk for AD or modify the age at onset. We found a very significant association of *PSEN2* R62H and R71W with age at onset.Feuer (song)

"Feuer" (English translation: "Fire") was the German entry in the Eurovision Song Contest 1978, performed in German by Ireen Sheer. This was Sheer's second Eurovision entry, in 1974 she had represented Luxembourg with "Bye Bye I Love You", then singing in French.

The song is an up-tempo number about the power of love and how it burns ours hearts like fire. Sheer also recorded "Feuer" in English, as "Fire".

The song was performed thirteenth on the night, following Turkey's Nilüfer and Nazar with "Sevince" and preceding Monaco's Caline & Olivier Toussaint with Les jardins de Monaco". At the close of voting, it had received 84 points, placing 6th in a field of 20.

It was succeeded as the German representative at the 1979 contest by Dschinghis Khan with "Dschinghis Khan".


Q:

Mahapps 1.3 dialogs and Avalon.Wizard

I've integrated the popular UI library Mahapps with the Avalon.Wizard control.
It integrates nicely, but I have an issue with the Mahapps dialogs. The Wizard control defines an InitializeCommand to handle the entering on a wizard page.
Apparently the InitializeCommand is triggered before the Dependency Property attached to the View is initialized (DialogParticipation.Register).
This cause the following error:
Context is not registered. Consider using DialogParticipation.Register in XAML to bind in the DataContext.

A sample project that reproduce the issue is available here.
Any suggestion on how to fix this?

A:

The page Xaml isn't created at the initialize command, so you can't use the DialogCoordinator at this point.
Here is a custom interface with a LoadedCommand which can you implement at the ViewModel and call it at the Xaml code behind.
public interfaceboard with an intro book might be a good gift for beginner
programmers.

<http://shop.oreilly.com/product/9780596155520.do>

It's incredibly difficult to learn to program if you are doing it just for the
sake of learning. Most people learn best and stay motivated with a real
project.

------
karlzt
>> What's currently considered to be the best intro to programming?

LPTHW <http://learncodethehardway.org/>

------
cschmidt
My son liked "Hello World! Computer Programming for Kids and Other Beginners",
which teaches python. He preferred it to Zed Shaw's "Learn Python the Hard
Way".

------
benkant
I currently recommend "Python the Hard Way". I learnt using the MicroSoft
BASIC manual that was around circa 1986 and I turned out ok.

------
alexgodin
Learn Python the Hard Way

------
kung-fu-master
Why not HTDP or SICP?

------
billpatrianakos
Depends on what the goal is. Considering who's asking I'd assume the other
commenters options would seem more attractive but I'd honestly never discount
a good old "For Dummies"


a wilderness guide, and she knew all the plants and animals and how to survive in the woods." "What animals are there now?" "It's a very different world now." "So what will they do when they wake up?" "Well, we'll help them adapt." " Mm-hmm." " Some of them will adapt." "It is not easy for everyone." "It's not natural, what we do." " CJ..." " He should know." "If you really want to teach him, he should know everything." "You'll know what to do." "Because this is your world." "Hmm?" "And that's why you have the most important job of all." "She just arrived." "I-I was coming to get you." "I convinced him it'd be all right to let in an old nurse on a dark night."very young age," added the former England captain.

"To see them go into the first team squad and the way they are playing - it is exceptional to see.

"I think it does not matter how old they are - we've all talked about age over the years - but when they've got the experience they've got playing for the teams they play for it does not matter what age they are.

"If they are playing the way they are - it is exciting times."

Solskjaer celebrated his permanent appointment in winning fashion on Saturday as United made a successful return from the international break.

Goals from Marcus Rashford and Anthony Martial sealed a 2-1 win over Watford to push the reds into Champions League qualification contention, although Arsenal will regain fourth place


an FBI double agent - passed national security secrets to Mr Peng in return for payment, prosecutors said.

On six separate occasions, Mr Peng allegedly showed up at hotel rooms in California and Georgia to collect or drop off packages.

In four of those cases, Mr Peng allegedly retrieved an SD card containing classified information, before travelling to Beijing to meet Chinese intelligence officers.

Covert FBI footage, released by the US Department of Justice, shows Mr Peng conducting some of the dead drops, prosecutors said. Dead drops are used by spies to pass information or items in secret locations.

Mr Peng's arrest "exposes and disrupts an operation by those Chinese intelligence officers to collect such information without having to step foot in this country", Assistant Attorney General of National Security John Demersrequire 'rye'

## a Rye::Hop instance defaults to localhost
lhop = Rye::Hop.new "localhost"
lhop.host
#=> 'localhost'

## can set up arbitray port forwards from the hop, a give you the localport
lhop = Rye::Hop.new "localhost"
lhop.host
lport = lhop.fetch_port("localhost", 22)
lport.is_a?(Fixnum)
#=> true

## Rye::Box can use Rye::Hop
lhop = Rye::Hop.new 'localhost'
lbox = Rye::Box.new 'localhost', :via => lhop
lbox.host
#=> 'localhost'

## Rye::Box still returns a Rye::Rap
lhop = Rye::Hop.new 'localhost'
lbox = Rye::Box.new 'localhost', :via => lhop
lbox.uptime.class
#=> Rye::Rap

## a Rye:Set of  Rye::Box's can use a Rye::Hop
lset = Rye::Set.new 'hopset', :parallel => true
lhop = Rye::Hop.new 'localhost'
lbox0 = Rye::Box.new 'localhost', :via => lhop
lbox1 = Rye::Box.new 'localhost', :via => lhop
lbox2 = Rye::Box.new 'localhost', :via => lhop
lset.add_boxes lbox0, lbox1, lbox2
lset.host.count
#=> 3


was the same that I'd written this piece for originally. In a more nuts-and-bolts plane though, I did have to put some time in and review aspects of notation to make sure the music was well presented for the orchestra. To me, notation is communication through and through, so a well-presented part not only shows that I care for my music, but also that I deeply respect the musicians who will play it.

ACO: What do you hope to gain from this experience?

EB: During the morning of the first day we were talking about being a composer and our relationship with performers, and I shared how I strongly believe that "fellowship with others is good for the soul." So this is what I believe about something like EarShot andSellafield’s Gloveboxes

As part of Sellafield’s decommissioning programme, gloveboxes used historically for research, development, and fuel fabrication operations need to be dismantled.

There are approximately 350 gloveboxes in total on the Sellafield site.

They are generally cuboid and vary in size from one to several cubic metres.

Many designs exist, however, a glovebox can be thought of as a sealed, but ventilated, container generally comprising a steel frame and panels made from metal or polymers such as Perspex.

Long PVC gloves are built into the panels such that operators can place their hands into them and work on hazardous materials inside the gloveboxes.

Gloveboxes are held under a depression in an inert atmosphere.

Access is via entry ports where containment has to be maintained.

Manoeuvrability within a glove box is difficult due to limited access and


    }
            }

            // Use Windows Multimedia mixer functions for XP and for Vista and later if wave volume is selected
            if (_componentType == MixerComponentType.SourceWave || !OSInfo.OSInfo.VistaOrLater())
            {
              if (_mixerEventListener == null)
              {
                _mixerEventListener = new  {
                throw new InvalidOperationException();
              }

              _handle = handle;

              _mixerControlDetailsVolume = GetControl(_componentType, MixerControlType.Volume);
              _mixerControlDetailsMute = GetControl(_componentType, MixerControlType.Mute);

              _isMuted = (int)GetValue(_componentType, MixerControlType.Mute) == 1;


 _volume = (int)GetValue(_componentType, MixerControlType.Volume);
              _isMutedWave = _isMuted;
              _volumeWave = _volume;
            }
          }
        }
      }
      catch (Exception ex)
      {
        Log.Error($"Mixer: error occured in Open(): {ex}");
        _isMuted = false;
        _volume = 100;
      }
        Log.Debug("Mixer: AudioEndpointVolume_OnVolumeNotification early return,, IsMixerLocked():{0}, data null:{1}", IsMixerLocked(), (data?.MasterVolume == null));
          return;
        }

        using (MixerLock(lockTimeout))
        {
          bool wasMuted = _isMuted;
          int lastVolume = _volume;
          bool waveChange = false;


9.4% versus 35% in non-pretreated cultures). Pretreatment with TNF (50 ng/ml) or the downstream signaling molecule,ceramide (10 micromolar), also protected cortical neurons against 60 minutes of hypoxia. TNF-preconditioning can induce tolerance to subsequent TNF and hypoxia exposure in BMEC, astrocytes and cortical neurons. Ceramide appears to be involved in the intracellular signaling pathways leading to tolerance of brain cells to ischemia. In in vivo studies, cell-permeable ceramides (C2- and C8-ceramide) have been demonstrated in an adult rat model of focal brain ischemia to reduce infarct volumes. In hypoxic/ischemic insults in neonatal rats, C2-ceramide significantly reduced brain damage, augmented Bcl-2 and Bcl-xl levels, and reduced TUNEL-positive cells. In cortical astrocytes from 2-3 day old Sprague-Dawley rats, preconditioning with TNF-alpha or ceramide to produce tolerance does not inhibit I-kappaB proteolysis,system. The study did not involve human subjects, so no ethics committee approval or written informed consent was needed.

The instrument and data collection {#Sec4}
----------------------------------

The data collection and instrument have been described previously \[[@CR14], [@CR16]\]. Briefly, the instrument used for data collection was the Refinement Mapping Services Toolkit (REMAST) \[[@CR17], [@CR18]\]. It allows a description of the socioeconomic profile of the population of a specified area, alongside key features of mental health service provision, including those provided by primary care and social services. The service mapping was performed with the revised European Service Mapping Schedule (ESMS-R). The ESMS-R toolkit is derived from the previous European Service Mapping Schedule (ESMS) \[[@CR19]\] and the Description and Evaluation of Services and Directories in Europe for Long-Term Care (DESDE-LTC) coding system \[[@CR20]\]. The


correlate with willingness to participate in third sector activities.

Strengths and limitations {#Sec13}
-------------------------

One strength of the study is the use of a standardized and internationally validated instrument (ESMS-R) for investigating service structure. The instrument allows for the coverage of services in primary, secondary and tertiary health care as well as social and the third sector. Our service mapping did not cover out-of-pocket private care, such as psychiatrists and psychologists in private practice, which constitute approximately 20 % of out-patient visits and is at least partly reimbursed by the social insurance institution. However, private services are all office-based and do not contribute to the diversity of the service system, because also public services offer such office-based outpatient services.

Only one per cent of visits in occupational health care are visits to mentalbeen funded by the European Commission Seventh Framework Programme (\[FP7/2007-2013\] \[FP7/2007-2011\]) under grant agreement n° 261459. [www.refinementproject.eu](http://www.refinementproject.eu/).

This research has received funding from Helsinki and Uusimaa Hospital District's Research and Development grants.

Availability of data and materials {#FPar2}
==================================

The data set supporting the results of this article is included within the article and its additional files. The general material and reports of REFINEMENT project is seen on webpages: <http://www.edesdeproject.eu/>

Authors' contributions {#FPar3}
======================

TA-N, KW, SS contributed to the study concept and design; conducted data collection, analysis, and interpretation. TA-N drafted the manuscript. MS, MK, SP, GJ contributed to the study design and the interpretation of data, and critically revised the manuscript. RK, OO contributed to the interpretation of data and critically revised the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

Competing interest


Islands and Rocks - 2012

My work for this exhibition was initially inspired by a walk across a shallow sandbar to Penguin Island in Shoalwater Bay, Western Australia. The water on the sand bar came up to my thighs; on either side of me the sandbar gave way to sea-grass fields and the limestone reefs of the Bay. It was early in the morning, the safest time to walk the Bar, and it was magical to walk across the sea to the Island.

I began to consider three worlds, which meet around an island.
The first world is the Underwater realm where everything is liquid and tidal, where place is defined by being shallow or deep. The second world is the Earth, where inhabitants breath air, fly and feel the sunAlthough my paintings may reference the shape of a certain island or rock I have been more interested to explore the symbolic nature of islands and the reefs to which they are attached.

WH Auden once remarked that As for islands, he found it cosier to think of them as lakes “turned inside out." (W.H. Auden, “Bucolics, IV. Lakes, V. Islands,” Selected Poems)
I am also attracted to Lakes, especially those found on mountains and the strange sense that they, too are islands in their own way. Perhaps its because both provide a stillness, a vantage point of from which to take stock of the self.


them the time is not ripe for him to do this but later on, after his family have left for the city, he goes privately and unknown to others. However, in Jerusalem, Jesus goes to the Temple area and begins to teach openly to the amazement of his listeners: “How does he know scripture without having studied?” (A good example of Johannine irony. Does the Word need to study the Word?!)

Jesus is a source of some confusion in the minds of many people. On the one hand, the people are aware that Jesus has become a target of their religious leaders and yet he goes about openly and speaking freely and without fear.

Jesus would not be Jesus if he were to keep his message to himself. The WordSTZ- and saline-treated Px rats, but exendin-4 incompletely reversed the attenuation. Since STZ mostly removed the remaining beta-cells by increasing apoptosis after Px, their regeneration was initiated through neogenesis, which was determined by the number of beta-cells budding from pancreatic duct layers and small clusters. Exendin-4 enhanced beta-cell proliferation and neogenesis in STZ-treated and -untreated Px rats and reduced beta-cell apoptosis partly by attenuating the expression of endoplasmic reticulum stress-response genes such as X-box-binding protein-1, activating transcription factor (ATF)-4, ATF6, and C/EBP-homologous protein. In conclusion, exendin-4 improved glycemic control by potentiating beta-cell function and increasing beta-cell mass by increasing beta-cell neogenesis and proliferation and by decreasing apoptosis in diabetic rats.


dollars in "guaranteed" reimbursement funds for building maintenance and upgrades.

School Choice Law allows students to leave our school and transfer to a cyber/charter school and our taxpayers foot the bill. Private brick and mortar and cyber schools continue to receive taxpayer dollars for transportation, nursing and guidance services, etc. Public cyber and charter schools are also taking tax dollars from local school districts at increasingly alarming rates. Local school districts are forced to pay tuition costs for students who chose to attend "school choice" options. This defies both common and economic sense because most of these alternative schools function below the performance levels of traditional schools. You can find the results on the Pennsylvania Department of Education's website by clicking on School Performance Profiles" that is commonly calledSPP.

Why doesn't the legislation change School Choice Law? There are many reasons, but two are alarming: Special interest groups continue to influence our elected officials by applying political pressure and making financial contributions to election campaigns. School Choice costs our district over 1 million dollars. Those funds are taken by the state and given directly to cyber/charter schools.

Our legislators have miss handled pension funds for years, now they want to blame school districts. The West Perry School District paid 30.03 percent of our employee pension costs, in the current budget, up from approximately 8 percent just a few years ago. As we prepare our budget for 2016-2017, our costs will rise to over 33 percent.

In the past three years, the state has changed the graduation requirements three times


and are currently planning to change them once again. Seniors were once allowed to graduate by meeting local, board approved courses of study and mandated by the state to take 3 Keystone Exams (Algebra I, Biology and Literature) to evaluate their "readiness" to graduate. Then the state mandated, starting with the Class of 2017, that students had to pass all three Keystone Exams to graduate. Last year, after getting political pressure from parents, the state moved the mandatory Keystone Exam requirement to the Class of 2019 and have directed the Pennsylvania Department of Education to evaluate the current demands for graduation and come up with another plan. So in summary, public school districts across the state have been forced to adjust to 4 different directives impacting graduation requirements.the chance for Ukraine to ensure a breakthrough in creating competitive products and a income. The features of the concept and operation of the venture business. The concept of a venture fund in the legislation.

Major problems of corporate finance in the telecommunications sector and the creation of modern economic thinking. Characteristics of deep and complex understanding of economic issues and financial performance management sectors of the Ukrainian economy.

Substantiation of necessity of financial analysis, on the example of a commercial firm. The role of analysis for raising capital in the company. Development of recommendations to improve the external and internal financing and increase your profits.

Economic analysis as a method involving division of economical processes into individual components in order to examine the relationship between them. Characteristics of the main


The Steam Monster Summer Sale is happening now through June 21.

This year’s sale “features more games than ever before,” including a special highlighted section showing off games on a customer’s Wishlist.

The promotion will also include a playable Monster Game, allowing users to level up and gain new abilities, earn Steam Trading Cards, and achieve community milestones to unlock additional discounts.

Hit up Steam now for more information.z: 1, h: 1, f: 2}. Give prob of sequence fhfz.
1/1512
What is prob of sequence zqhj when four letters picked without replacement from tqqjjtqqqmthtzj?
1/2184
What is prob of sequence kkmm when four letters picked without replacement from mmmmkmmmmmmmmkkmkm?
91/3060
Two letters picked without replacement from {d: 2, q: 2, m: 4, f: 1}. Give prob of sequence fq.
1/36
Two letters picked without replacement from {k: 1, y: 3, o: 2, g: 1}. Give prob of sequence ok.
1/21
Two letters picked without replacement from {a: 4, d: 9, f: 1}. Give prob of sequence fd.
9/182
Two letters picked without replacement from {v: 2, y: 2, l: 1, x: 4, m: 3}. What is prob of sequence xm?
1/11
What is prob of sequence omff when four letters picked without replacement from fwbymywfwfbmofmoow?
1/680
Three letters picked without replacement from


rare variants in new genes with large effects \[[@B5]--[@B8]\]; however, research suggests that Alzheimer\'s disease\'s missing heritability remains extensive \[[@B9]\]. Alzheimer\'s disease\'s missing heritability may be explained by missing variants or epistasis, and discovering these genetic factors will require novel study designs \[[@B9]\]. Most studies to date have treated the effect of candidate variants individually. Epistasis in Alzheimer\' disease is largely unexplored, but there is compelling evidence that it could play a role in disease \[[@B10]--[@B13]\].

Epistasis involves multiple genes contributing to a single phenotype, but the biological nature and implications of epistatic interactions are not always clear. Epistatic interactions are generally discovered in two ways: statistically and biologically. Statistical epistasis is a deviation from additive effects between factors in the model \[[@B14]\], while biological epistasis is a physicalhas several drawbacks when detecting epistasis: (1) interaction terms grow exponentially as the number of main effects included in the model increases \[[@B45]\]; (2) parameter estimates have large standard errors because the data is high-dimensional---decreasing power to detect interactions \[[@B45]\]; and (3) logistic regression is generally only valid for binary interactions because of limited sample size \[[@B12]\]. Park and Hastie, however, proposed penalized logistic regression as a method to overcome the limitations and showed that penalized logistic regression performs better than multifactor dimensionality reduction in some situations \[[@B46]\].

Many studies have demonstrated the utility of multifactor dimensionality reduction \[[@B47]--[@B51]\]. Advantages of multifactor dimensionality reduction include increased power \[[@B28], [@B52]\] and superior ability to identify high-order interactions even when main effects are statistically insignificant \[[@B46]\]. Multifactor dimensionality reduction, however, is


of the study. Because of the high-dimensionality and small sample size of many studies, there is an increased likelihood of false positives because of the reasons stated by Page et al. "Overfitting" is another potential cause of false positives. Overfitting happens when a complex model is fit to data and is not generalizable beyond the population from which the sample was derived \[[@B54]\]. The cause has commonly been attributed to either genetic or environmental heterogeneity \[[@B55]\], or due to epistasis \[[@B14], [@B56]\].

There are many approaches designed to prevent false positives and overfitting when studying predictive alleles in a given disease, but they are not foolproof. For instance, protocol when performing multiple comparisons---millions in the case of genome-wide association studies---involves adjusting *P* values to limit the number of falsedon't have to worry about rusty metal handles. It is perfect for holding soap and water for washing holding bait using as a stool transferring ice for painting and storing or carrying small items. It's wide enough ... More +Product DetailsClose


the debris structure to be seen, yet young enough for radioactive elements like titanium – which has a 60-day half-life – to still be emitting high-energy X-rays.

Explore further Radioactive decay of titanium powers supernova remnant

More information: Study paper: Journal information: Nature Study paper: dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature12997opening of the foreign markets, the sky
was the limit for LEGO if they played it right.

This was not a time for
substantial investment in new items- it was a time for devising new attractive
ways to offer the existing system and a time to solve technical problems,
albeit minor. The fulfillment of hopes in the foreign markets might depend
on it, especially in Germany where technically minded competitors might
explore the deficiencies of the system.

On the news side, 1956 saw
the introduction of a set (1310) in the spirit of the garage of 1955-
it was a beautiful Art Deco Esso Service Station including, this time,
bricks, accessories and a vehicle.

The expanding foreign markets
called for new molds to increase the output and it was the time to modernize
the System and correct the problems that limited the


(Editors’ Note: To learn more about Rasmea Odeh’s case, listen to an engaging interview with Nadine Naber on KPFA) by Nadine Naber (originally published at Middle East Research and Information Project) This past winter, I was privileged to participate in...

[A boycott how-to is below this powerful statement. -Eds.] Statement in Solidarity with the Palestinian people of Gaza and with seekers of freedom and justice world-wide As Palestinian, indigenous, women of color, anti-racist, and Jewish feminists involved in a range...

“I was more than terrified,” [Sena Alissa] says while holding her newborn baby girl in a bed in Gaza City’s struggling al-Shifa hospital, 20 minutes from Nuseirat. “I’m giving birth in war.” (source) The latest Israeli attack on occupied Palestine in the form of an...[quote="CaptainAwesome"]What would be a good boxing gym for a beginner? I'm no boxer by any means (I mean, I can throw a good punch but I lack proper training) and would need to start from the ground up.[/quote]

What are the measuring tools that you are using to claim you can throw a good punch?

"The Old Familiar Faces" - Charles Lamb
"All. all, are gone, the old familiar faces"
......................................................................

It appears the choice is between the THISTLETOWN BOXING CLUB , and the KELOWNA BOXING CLUB, the various otherclubs may not be complete boxing clubs with top level amateur boxing coaches. So if the question relates to boxing, thenone needs to go to one of the two named clubs. :skippingsheep: :sunshine:

"The Old Familiar Faces" - Charles Lamb
"All. all, are gone, the old