remakes were mentioned. If expanded beyond just Mario-focused games, Nintendo's back catalog of titles is plentiful, spanning games from franchises like Super Mario Strikers, Super Smash Bros., Pilot Wings, Pokemon, The Legend of Zelda, Donkey Kong, Fire Emblem, Metroid, and Star Fox, among others.

Miyamoto also made clear that if Nintendo did return to an older game for an HD remake, fans should expect more than a simple visual update.

"The main thing that's always going to be on our minds is what new elements of gameplay can we use with the GamePad as applied to some of these older games," he said. "We want to find some way to bring a refreshing experience to this rather than simply update the visuals and leave it at that."

Also, in discussing SuperMario 3D World, Miyamoto said Nintendo has not ruled out returning to the Super Mario Galaxy series--or at least a game in the vein of that platforming series.

"We did not set out trying to define the future of Mario action games with this title," Miyamoto said about Super Mario 3D World. "Rather, we're just trying to find some fun new elements that we can incorporate. So for example, I certainly wouldn't rule out the possibility of us creating more games in the vein of Super Mario Galaxy, for example. What we're trying to accomplish here, is just to create a really good entry point for new players into the Super Mario 3D games."

The original Super Mario Galaxy was released in 2007, with a sequel arriving in 2010. Super


Manchester; date: 03 February 2012 sure sign that there is no real moral property doing any causal, and so any explanatory, work. If this is right, then non#deducibility will need to be supplemented by a more substantial test for emergence, given that emergent properties are claimed to have genuine causal powers. The formulation of strong emergence in terms of the relation between the truths about different domains is what we would call a 'formal' notion of emergence. While the non#deducibility of the higher#level truths is clearly of interest, one would like to know more about why the non#deducibility holds. What is it about the nature of phenomena and/or properties in the relevant domains that makes for the in principle non#deducibility of the truths of one domain from thetowards solving the problem of mental causation involves dividing it up and conquering the parts separately. Needless to say, the solutions to the parts had better hang together, and ours not only do so but have the additional advantage of supporting one another. Here, we claim, we have a case of the plausibility#quotient of the whole exceeding the sum of the plausibility#quotients of the separate parts-an example of 'credibility emergentism'. As we see it, 'the' problem of mental causation consists of three parts. The first concerns the causal efficacy of mental events, the second concerns what we have called the causal relevance of mental properties (the so#called qua problem), and the third deals with the compatibility of different levels of causation, the problem of downward causation. As noted,


really happens is that the instantiation of the higher#level (mental) property 'ensures that' a lower#level (physical) property is instantiated, this lower# order property doing the causal work (again, in the sense that the event that is an instance of that lower#level property brings about the action in virtue of being an instance of that property). As Pettit puts the point, The general idea in the program model . . . is that a higher#order property is causally relevant to something when its instantiation ensures Page 20 of 35 Emergence and Downward Causation PRINTED FROM OXFORD SCHOLARSHIP ONLINE (www.oxfordscholarship.com). (c) Copyright Oxford University Press, 2011. All Rights Reserved. Under the terms of the licence agreement, an individual user may print out a PDF of a single chapter of a(for details see http://www.oxfordscholarship.com/page/privacy-policy). Subscriber: University of Manchester; date: 03 February 2012 cannot be construed as identical with the instance of having a certain momentum# position, a property had by the constituent molecule. Instead, the instance of the property, being at boiling temperature (the programming property), non#causally ensures that the property of having a certain momentum#position will be instantiated, thereby bringing about the cracking of the flask. This still leaves unresolved how it is that an instance of the programming property non# causally ensures that the realizing property will be instantiated. Given that Pettit rejects the co#instantiation solution, his explanation is that The event that realizes the more general programming property involves the mass of water molecules, and the event that realizes the more specific programming property involves


he says is a property of the aggregate of molecules, seems to be either identical with, or realized by, the instance of the property of having a mean molecular motion. The most plausible understanding of the example, as he describes it, is that the instance of being at boiling temperature is identical with the instance of having a mean molecular motion, especially if the boiling is identical with the aggregate event. Given this understanding of the relation between the two property instances, the claim is that being at boiling temperature/having mean molecular motion, programs for the production of the cracking of the flask by virtue of its instance (= the instance of the property of having mean molecular motion) non#causally ensuring that an instance of one of itsConnected Lives of Ants, Brains, Cities, and Software. New York: Touchstone. Page 27 of 35 Emergence and Downward Causation PRINTED FROM OXFORD SCHOLARSHIP ONLINE (www.oxfordscholarship.com). (c) Copyright Oxford University Press, 2011. All Rights Reserved. Under the terms of the licence agreement, an individual user may print out a PDF of a single chapter of a monograph in OSO for personal use (for details see http://www.oxfordscholarship.com/page/privacy-policy). Subscriber: University of Manchester; date: 03 February 2012 Kim, J. 1972. 'Phenomenal Properties, Psychophysical Laws, and the Identity Theory'. Monist 56: 177–92. -- 1973. 'Causation, Nomic Subsumption, and the Concept of Event'. Journal of Philosophy 70: 217–36. (p. 167 ) -- 1976. 'Events as Property Exemplifications'. In M. Brand and D. Walton (eds), Action Theory. Dordrecht: D. Reidel, 159–77. -- 'Supervenience and Nomological


we reject. But, since many parties to the dispute concerning the problem of mental causation (e.g. Pettit [1993] and Kim himself [1993, 1998]), regularly talk of events as instances of properties-intending the universalist view of properties as multiply#exemplifiable entities that can be (wholly) present in many places at the same time-we will, for present purposes, speak in these terms too. (7) An event's constitutive property can no more be viewed as a property of it than its constitutive object can be viewed as a property of it. The claim that P is a constitutive Page 31 of 35 Emergence and Downward Causation PRINTED FROM OXFORD SCHOLARSHIP ONLINE (www.oxfordscholarship.com). (c) Copyright Oxford University Press, 2011. All Rights Reserved. Under the terms of the licence agreement, an individual user maycondition is indispensable to the theory, the second, as formulated, is not. The theory could proceed, for example, by defining the predicate 'is an event' over ordered n#tuples of objects, properties, and times. In this case, the ordered triple, <x,P,t>, would be an event if and only if x has P at t; and the principles of set theory would guarantee the existence of the triple (assuming, of course, that x, P, and t exist). But Kim himself appears to favour the first method over the second, and it is certainly the preferable one from the point of view of the phenomenon of causal interaction between events, where this is assumed to entail their positionality. (9) More precisely, objects that are minimal subjects of events, since, as stated


more on this, see Macdonald (1989). Page 32 of 35 Emergence and Downward Causation PRINTED FROM OXFORD SCHOLARSHIP ONLINE (www.oxfordscholarship.com). (c) Copyright Oxford University Press, 2011. All Rights Reserved. Under the terms of the licence agreement, an individual user may print out a PDF of a single chapter of a monograph in OSO for personal use (for details see http://www.oxfordscholarship.com/page/privacy-policy). Subscriber: University of Manchester; date: 03 February 2012 (10) See Lombard (1986), who points out that the view that events may have more than one constitutive property is not inconsistent with the existence and identity conditions of events as stated by the PEA and formulated in the text here: Suppose that an event, e1, is x's exemplifying of F at t, and that an event, e2, is x'sOnline database helps WPD track stolen goods

WILMINGTON, NC (WWAY) — With property crimes on the rise, the Wilmington Police Department now has a helping hand in stopping thieves in their tracks.

“We would literally have boxes of pawn tickets, physical tickets, paper tickets that we would have to go through by hand,” Wilmington Police spokesman Kevin Smith said.

That is now a thing of the past. The Wilmington Police Department has a top-of-the-line database called LeadsOnline. It’s a national effort that helps track thieves and stolen items.

Smith says under a city ordinance, certain businesses are required to enter their purchases in the database.

“It’s not only pawn shops, it’s jewelry stores, gold and silver buyers, anyone that is purchasing these kinds of products from the public are required to record that,”


things within 24 hours. Under the old system it might be a month, 30 days before we could look at the same information,” Smith said.

WPD says the most important thing property owners can do to make sure you get your stuff back is to record your serial numbers. Police say a good idea is to take pictures of the number and e-mail it to yourself to have it on record.Never Finish Last: Part Six"I upset a lot of people and possibly burned a few bridges for the sake of my ego. What I'm trying to say is that whatever happened on my team in Brightvale I hope that wouldn't happen here..."


viewed as someone of value," she added. "There are even times today when I feel that I am not viewed and recognized for the value that I have. But we fight on, and the mural is a reminder that this is one of the ways that we fight on."

Angel said that she believes art can be used as a powerful statement in places of government in many different ways.

"Here in the House you have art from all over, but I always try to push art that is reflective or done by people of color," she said. "It's another way to ensure that we are represented and that our voices are heard."

Collins' death, which sparked the creation of the mural, was heavily influential in the drafting of hate biasincident legislation that Angel is currently working on, she said. The bill was developed with members of ProtectUMD, a coalition of 25 student groups that advocates for marginalized groups on this campus. It would institute mandatory diversity training and reporting mechanisms for hate bias incidents on the campuses of all public universities in this state.

Overall, Angel said, the mural's place in the State House has had a profound impact on her and her colleagues, who see it every day as they head to work.

"It's definitely something that makes you pause and think," she said. "It's a reminder that we still have work to do."


Q:

java.lang.NoSuchMethodError: No such DSL method '$' found among steps

I have the following dsl
pipeline {
    agent {
        label 'test'
    }
    parameters {
        booleanParam(defaultValue: false, description: 'This is a Release build', name: 'isRelease')
    }

    stages {
        stage('Build') {
            steps {
                 script {
                 only one person running. RUBIN: So then what was your wake up to what was wrong with that line of thinking? SOWELL: Facts. RUBIN: Well. We could probably end the interview right there.

Facts, as John Adams said, are stubborn things. Listening to Sowell, I started thinking about the facts my years on earth have taught me, all of which have led me to my current conservative world view. Here are the ones I could think of off-hand. They are not in any particular order:

1. If people are rewarded for doing nothing, they will do nothing.

2. If people benefit from activities that hurt the people or institutions around them, and do not experience negative consequences for those activities, they will continue to act regardless of the hurt they inflict


passengers on an airplane, they’d want to have the captain say “Fasten your seatbelts” just so they could know a captain is up there, flying the plane. When you give them instructions or follow through on consequences, they know you’re flying that life plane and keeping them safe.

6. If systems exist that supplant your need to be responsible for small children, you will remain a child.

7. People who have been unable to have children for reasons beyond their control, but who make a conscious decision to embrace adulthood and its responsibilities, are adults.

8. When you’re out and about, dealing with passing strangers (store clerks, mechanics, librarians, etc.), really see them. Too often, we ignore them as people, treating them only as vehicles for the services they provide. Again,you’ll be surprised at the good results you get when you open your eyes to the people behind the services.

9. For most people, chronic, consistent pot use makes them stupid.

10. Government agencies established to address a specific problem — e.g., differences in educational outcomes, environmental concerns — justify their existence only so long as the problem continues. The agencies’ employees therefore have an incentive to maintain the problem, rather than resolving it, to keep their jobs.

11. Lord Acton was right: “Power corrupts and absolute power corrupts absolutely.”

12. The huge computer, search engine, and social media giants — Google, Facebook, Twitter, Apple, etc. — are coming way too close to having absolute power.

13. People who want to take away guns always want to take away all sorts of other


An unavoidably cute and moving inquiry into the inability of humans to wholly function without the blessed existence of doggos, Pick of the Litterruthlessly draws blood—or tears, both the same here—within its first minute. I challenge anyone to make it through this self-proclaimed “dogumentary” completely dry-eyed as it observes the emotionally devastating two-year odyssey of five pups to qualify for the Guide Dogs for the Blind.

Excuse the overblown tone—Pick of the Litterdoes have a way of putting one’s normally steely critical aptitude to the test. Just the names of the candidates alone—Phil, Poppet, Potomac, Primrose, Patriot—are a destabilising affront to the senses. Seriously though, it’s a well-made, absorbing work, packing ample heart, drama, and insight into a concise package.

Certainly, the filmmakers can’t resist the formula of structuring theQ:

What is the *actual* policy on how users should deal with serial down-voting?

The majority of answer I can find to "I've been serially downvoted, what should I do?" advise users to flag one of their posts and mention the voting anomaly.
Except I did this, in response to a relatively small run of down-votes which were never reversed, and the flag was declined:

Apr 30 at 16:28   declined - flags should only be used to make moderators aware of content that requires their intervention

Perhaps there wasn't enough down-voting to warrant a flag, or I had flagged it to soon, or it was an incredibly unlikely coincidence and not serial down-voting at all. This all seems largely irrelevant to what actually troubles me: The moderator explicitly told me that


result due to Kirchberg [@Kirchberg-non-simple] is obtained. A slightly more general result is provided in Theorem \[t:O2class\]. Note that the classification is strong, i.e. that any isomorphism on the invariant is induced by an isomorphism of the $C^\ast$-algebras.

Let $A$ and $B$ be separable, nuclear $C^\ast$-algebras for which $A \cong A \otimes \mathcal O_2$ and $B \cong B \otimes \mathcal O_2$. Suppose that $A$ and $B$ are both stable or both unital, and that $f \colon {\ensuremath{\operatorname{Prim}}}A \to {\ensuremath{\operatorname{Prim}}}B$ is a homeomorphism. Then there exists an isomorphism $\phi \colon A \xrightarrow \cong B$ such that $f(I) = \phi(I)$ for every $I \in {\ensuremath{\operatorname{Prim}}}A$.

The proofs are based mainly on elementary or well-known results from the literature with the main exception being a deep structural result due to Kirchberg and Rørdam [@KirchbergRordam-zeromany $\lambda_1,\dots,\lambda_n\in \Lambda$ such that $ I \subseteq \sum_{k=1}^n  I_{\lambda_n}$.

Note that in the definition above if the family $(I_\lambda)$ is upwards directed then it is always possible to find a single $\lambda$ such that $I \subseteq I_\lambda$.

Given a positive element $a\in A$ and an $\epsilon>0$, $(a-\epsilon)_+:= f_\epsilon(a)$ denotes the element defined by functional calculus where $f_\epsilon (t) = \max\{ 0 , t-\epsilon\}$.

\[l:cpct\] Let $A$ be a $C^\ast$-algebra and let $I,J$ be ideals in $A$. Then $I {\Subset}J$ if and only if there is a positive element $a\in J$ and an $\epsilon >0$ such that $I \subseteq \overline{A(a-\epsilon)_+ A}$.

In particular, $\overline{A(a-\epsilon)_+ A} {\Subset}\overline{AaA}$ for any positive $a\in A$ and $\epsilon>0$.

“In particular” clearly follows from the “if” statement. For the “if” part, suppose there are $a\in J_+$, and $\epsilon>0$


such that $I \subseteq \overline{A(a-\epsilon)_+A}$. As $$\mathcal I(\phi)(I) \subseteq \mathcal I(\phi)(\overline{A(a-\epsilon)_+A}) = \overline{B (\phi(a)-\epsilon)_+ B} {\Subset}\overline{B\phi(a) B} = \mathcal I(\phi)(\overline{AaA}) \subseteq \mathcal I(\phi)(J)$$ it follows that $\mathcal I(\phi)$ preserves compact containment.

On functoriality of $\mathcal I(-)$
-----------------------------------

It is shown that $\mathcal I(-)$ is functorial on the category of $C^\ast$-algebras with c.p. order zero maps as morphisms. Although the generality of order zero maps is not actually needed in this paper, I believe that this level of generality could be applicable in other contexts. A few additional lemmas on functoriality of $\mathcal I(-)$ is also provided which will be used in Section \[s:W\].

Recall that a c.p. map $\phi \colon A\to B$ is called *order zero* if $\phi(a)\phi(b) = 0$ whenever $a,b\in A_+$ are such that $ab=0$.

\[r:WZ\] Suppose $\phi \colon A \to B$ isD) = J = \mathcal I(\lambda_\eta \circ \phi)(I).$$ The implication $\mathcal I(\lambda_\eta \circ \phi)(I) \subseteq (\mathcal I(\lambda_\eta) \circ \mathcal I(\phi))(I)$ is easy, see .

Uniqueness of nuclear maps via ideals {#s:HB}
=====================================

Approximate domination
----------------------

In this section several uniqueness results for nuclear maps are presented. The main result of this subsection, Theorem \[t:HB\], is the key ingredient in all of these results, and it characterises when nuclear order zero maps approximately dominate each other in terms of their behaviour on ideals.

Although the results in this paper only need the results in the generality of $\ast$-homomorphisms, and not order zero maps, I believe that the generality of order zero maps could potentially be applicable in other contexts.

\[d:approxdom\] Let $\phi,\psi \colon A \to B$ be c.p. maps and suppose that $\phi$ is order zero. Say


in the left kernel $L:=L_{\gamma_\rho}$ of $\gamma_{\rho}$.

Since $A$ is exact it follows that $J = \overline{\mathrm{span}}\{a\otimes c : a\in A, c\in C, a\otimes c \in J\}$, see e.g. [@BrownOzawa-book-approx Corollary 9.4.6]. As the left kernel $L$ of $\gamma_\rho$ is a closed linear subspace of $A\otimes C$, it suffices to show that $a\otimes c \in L$ for all elementary tensors $a\otimes c \in J$, so fix such $a\in A$ and $c\in C$.

By assumption $\rho(a^\ast a) \in \overline{ B\phi(a^\ast a) B}$. Thus for any $\delta>0$ we may choose $b_1,\dots,b_m \in  B$ such that $$\| \rho(a^\ast a) - \sum_{j=1}^m b_j^\ast \phi(a^\ast a) b_j\| < \delta.$$ Define $\psi = \sum_{j=1}^m b_j^\ast \phi(-) b_j$ which is in $\mathscr C$, and note that $\| \rho(a^\ast a) - \psi(a^\ast a)\| < \delta$. Since $\gamma_\psi(a^\ast a\mathbb N$, there is an integer $k\geq m$ such that for every integer $n\geq k$ there is a unitary $u\in B$ for which $$\| u^\ast \phi_n(a) u - \phi_k(a) \| < \epsilon, \qquad a\in \mathcal F.$$

Suppose for contradiction that the lemma is false. Then there is a finite set $\mathcal F \subset A$, an $\epsilon >0$ and an $m\in \mathbb N$, such that for any integer $k\geq m$ there exists an integer $n_k \geq k$ for which $$\label{eq:unitaryseq}
\max_{a\in \mathcal F} \| u_k^\ast \phi_{n_k}(a) u_k - \phi_k(a)\|  \geq \epsilon,$$ for every unitary $u_k\in B$. Let $\eta \colon \mathbb N \to \mathbb N$ be the map $\eta(k) = n_k$ whenever $k\geq m$ and $\eta (k) = 1$ for $k< m$. As $n_k\geq k$ for $k\geq m$, it follows that


Suppose $\phi \colon A \to B_\infty$ is a $\ast$-homomorphism. Then $\phi$ is unitary equivalent to a $\ast$-homomorphism $\psi \colon A \to B\subseteq B_\infty$ if and only if for any map $\eta \colon \mathbb N \to \mathbb N$ with $\lim_{k\to \infty}\eta(k)=\infty$, the maps $\phi$ and $\eta^\ast \circ \phi$ are approximately unitary equivalent.

“Only if”: Suppose $u\in B_\infty$ is a unitary such that ${\ensuremath{\operatorname{Ad}}\xspace}u \circ \psi = \phi$, where $\psi$ factors through $B$. As $\eta^\ast \circ \psi = \psi$ for all $\eta\colon \mathbb N \to \mathbb N$ with $\lim_{n\to \infty}\eta(n) = \infty$, we get $$\eta^\ast \circ \phi = \eta^\ast \circ {\ensuremath{\operatorname{Ad}}\xspace}u \circ \psi = {\ensuremath{\operatorname{Ad}}\xspace}\eta^\ast(u) \circ \psi = {\ensuremath{\operatorname{Ad}}\xspace}(\eta^\ast(u) u^\ast) \circ \phi.$$ “If”: let $\mathcal F_1 \subseteq \mathcal F_2 \subseteq \dots \subseteq A$ be finite sets such that $\bigcup \mathcal F_n$as well as the required terminology.

Let $Y$ and $Z$ be topological spaces. A *carrier* from $Y$ to $Z$ is a map $\Gamma \colon Y \to 2^Z$ where $2^Z$ denotes the set of non-empty subsets of $Z$. The purpose of Michael’s selection theorems is to find *continuous selections* of carriers $\Gamma$, i.e. continuous maps $\gamma \colon Y \to Z$ such that $\gamma(y) \in \Gamma(y)$ for all $y\in Y$.

A carrier $\Gamma$ is called *lower semicontinuous* if for every $U \subseteq Z$ open, the set $$\{ y \in Y : \Gamma(y) \cap U \neq \emptyset\}$$ is an open subset of $Y$. The following is a special case of [@Michael-aselectionthm Theorem 1.2].[^10]

\[t:Michael\] Let $Y$ be a compact Hausdorff space, let $A$ be a separable Banach space and equip the dual space $A^\ast$ with


\mathcal I(A).$$ The carrier $\Gamma \colon Y \to 2^{A^\ast}$ given by $$\Gamma(y) = \{ \eta \in QS(A) : \eta(I_{\Phi,y}) = 0\}, \qquad y\in Y,$$ is lower semicontinuous.

Define the carrier $\Gamma' \colon Y \to 2^{A^\ast}$ by $$\Gamma' (y) = \{ \eta \in P(A) \cup \{0\} : \eta(I_{\Phi,y}) = 0\} , \qquad y\in Y.$$ Note that $\Gamma(y)$ (resp. $\Gamma'(y)$) can be naturally identified with the set of states (resp. pure states) in the forced unitisation $(A/I_{\Phi,y})^\dagger$. Hence $\Gamma(y)$ is the weak$^\ast$ closure of the convex hull of $\Gamma'(y)$ for each $y\in Y$. By [@Michael-selection Propositions 2.3 and 2.6] it thus follows that $\Gamma$ is lower semicontinuous if $\Gamma'$ is lower semicontinuous. Thus it suffices (in order to finish the proof) to show that $\Gamma'$ is lower semicontinuous.

Let $U\subseteq A^\ast$ be open. Supposesuch that $\mathcal I(\phi) = \mathcal I(\iota) \circ \Phi$, then $\phi$ corestricts to a c.p. map $\phi \colon A \to C$ such that $\mathcal I(\phi) = \Phi$. Hence we may assume that $C$ is unital. We may assume that $C = C(Y)$ for a compact, metrisable space $Y$.

We use the same notation as in Lemma \[l:lsc\]. Since $A$ is separable, it follows from [@Pedersen-book-automorphism Corollary 4.3.4] that $\mathcal I(A)$ has a countable basis $(I_m)_{m\in \mathbb N}$. Let $U_m$ be the open subset of $Y$ such that $\Phi(I_m) = C_0(U_m)$. Note that $I_m \not \subseteq I_{\Phi, y}$ whenever $y\in U_m$. In fact, as $\Phi$ preserves suprema, it follows from the definition of $I_{\Phi,y}$ that $\Phi(I_{\Phi,y}) \subseteq C_0(Y\setminus\{y\})$. Thus, if $I_m \subseteq I_{\Phi, y}$ then $$\Phi(I_m) \subseteq C_0(U_m) \cap C_0(Y \setminus


and applications*]{}, volume 534 of [*Contemp. Math.*]{}, pages 1–71. Amer. Math. Soc., Providence, RI, 2011.

J. Bosa, N. P. Brown, Y. Sato, A. Tikuisis, S. White, and W. Winter. Covering dimension of [C]{}$^*$-algebras and $2$-coloured classification. , to appear.

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N. P. Brown and N. Ozawa. , volume 88 of [*Graduate Studies in Mathematics*]{}. American Mathematical Society, Providence, RI, 2008.

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K. T. Coward, G. A. Elliott, and C. Ivanescu. Thevolume 1 of [*Abel Symp.*]{}, pages 175–231. Springer, Berlin, 2006.

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  O_2$]{}. , 525:17–53, 2000.

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[^1]: This work was partially funded by the Carlsberg Foundation through an Internationalisation Fellowship.

[^2]: At least when $A$ is separable, cf. Proposition \[p:Csg\].

[^3]: If $\pi_1 \colon B \to \mathbb B(\mathcal H_1), \pi_2 \colon D \to \mathbb B(\mathcal H_2)$ are faithful representations, then $\pi_1 \times \pi_2 \colon B \otimes D \to \mathbb B(\mathcal H_1 \otimes \mathcal H_2)$ is faithful (and well-defined, by the definition of minimal tensor products). Hence there are $\xi_i \in \mathcal H_i$ such that $(\pi_1\otimes \pi_2)(x) (\xi_1 \otimes \xi_2) \neq 0$. Letting $\mu_i = \langle \pi_i(-)\xi_i, \xi_i\rangle$ does the trick.

[^4]: I would be surprised if this definition has never appeared before but I know of no reference to such$a\otimes 1_{\mathcal D} \mapsto a$, so [@TomsWinter-ssa Theorem 2.3] implies that $A \otimes \mathcal D \cong A$.

[^8]: The $KL$-groups were originally defined by Rørdam in [@Rordam-classsimple] in the presence of a universal coefficient theorem, and were later treated by Dadarlat in [@Dadarlat-KKtop] in the general case.

[^9]: I emphasise that these results will not be needed when proving the classification of $\mathcal O_2$-stable $C^\ast$-algebras, Theorem \[t:O2class\]. So overall, the proof of this main theorem is still pretty self-contained with the main exception of a result of Kirchberg and Rørdam [@KirchbergRordam-zero Theorem 6.11] used in Proposition \[p:Wliftcp\].

[^10]: This follows immediately since the closed unit ball of the dual of a separable Banach space is compact and metrisable in the weak$^\ast$ topology.

[^11]: A *quasi-state* is a positive linear functional of norm


as v + c*o and give c.
196
Rearrange -15 - 16*h + 15 + 17*h - 41*h + 11*h + (2 + 1 - 2)*(h - 3*h + h) to d*h + u and give d.
-30
Express 1 + 3360*c**2 - 23275*c + 23275*c as t*c**2 + u*c + l and give t.
3360
Rearrange (-b - b + b)*(-30 - 30 + 70)*(6 + 2 + 0) - b + 0*b + 3*b to y + i*b and give i.
-78
Express (3*d**2 - 4*d**2 - d**2)*(-3*d + d + d) - 1613*d**3 - 173 + 144 + 37 in the form g + r*d + h*d**3 + l*d**2 and give h.
-1611
Rearrange (-1 - 2*u + 1)*((3 - 4 - 2)*(57 - 21*u - 57 + (2 - 1 - 2)*(-u + uthe death of Supreme Court Justice Antonin Scalia, February 14 , 2016 in Shafter, Texas. Justice Scalia was 79.

Photo: Matthew Busch, Getty Images

Image 35 of 77

Image 36 of 77

The entrance to the Cibolo Creek Ranch, the day after the death of Supreme Court Justice Antonin Scalia, February 14 , 2016 in Shafter, Texas. Justice Scalia, who was on a quail hunting trip, was found dead Saturday morning in his room at the ranch, he was 79. less

The entrance to the Cibolo Creek Ranch, the day after the death of Supreme Court Justice Antonin Scalia, February 14 , 2016 in Shafter, Texas. Justice Scalia, who was on a quail hunting trip, was found dead ... more

Photo: Matthew Busch, Getty Images

Image 37 of 77

The entrance to the Cibolo Creek Ranch,


her on unpaid leave while she was pregnant. In a 6-3 ruling, the court said

The court came down decisively on the side of a Muslim prisoner whose beard had been deemed potentially dangerous by the Arkansas Department of Correction. Growing a beard, the justices said, was a Muslim man's religious right.

“An item of contraband would have to be very small indeed to be concealed by a half-inch beard. A prisoner seeking to hide an item in such a short beard would have to find a way to prevent the item from falling out.” - Samuel Alito less

9-0 Religious rights of prisoners

Holt v. Hobbs

The court came down decisively on the side of a Muslim prisoner whose beard had been deemed potentially dangerous by the Arkansas Department of Correction. Growing

WomanYale Law School, his M.Phil. in international relations as a Rhodes Scholar from Magdalen College, Oxford University, and his B.A., summa cum laude, with honors in history, from Yale University.

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Pegging Info

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Pegging: The Hangover Cure

Need a cure for a hangover – try pegging!

We’ve each got our own hangover cure. For one of those horrible, deep down in your bones hangovers, the cure for me lies in cleaning things out. So that means showering, visiting the commode, and cumming.

I woke up Sunday morning feeling the lack of sleep and the alcoholic over indulgence. I felt like scum.

My bowels forced me up. I got to the toilet and well… I won’t go into it but some time later I staggered into the shower and cleaned my outsides as well. After some coffee, food and a glass of cold water I lay down on the sofa. My wife came and smiled at me, asking if I’d still like toand I started moaning in pleasure. I was delirious.

I was on my back, knees pushed back with the dildo that was strapped to my wife’s hips pushing repeatedly up my ass.

She was pegging me something like this.

With a hangover, I have a prostate deep sense of my balls being full and in need of release. Being fucked in the ass by my wife with the dildo pushing against my prostate with each thrust, I was experiencing a buildup I’d rarely felt before.

As I neared the end, my wife’s attention focused on me, ready to pull out of my ass before my orgasm took hold. (I don’t like cumming with a dildo up my ass.)

Her hips were pushing into me, the dildo stroking deeply, her hand up and down,


assumption for the conditional PDF of $A|\varepsilon$. The latter assumption may be restated in terms of the *conditionally standardized acceleration* defined by $\tilde{A} \equiv {A\over \sigma_{A|\varepsilon}} $ (which has zero and unit values for its conditional mean and variance). In the Reynolds model, the conditional distribution $\tilde{A}|\varepsilon$ is assumed to be *universal* and, in particular, standard normal. This may be interpreted to imply that intermittency of dissipation is solely responsible for intermittency in acceleration.

Reynolds also assumed Gaussian velocity statistics and independence of velocity from dissipation and acceleration. In other words, the Reynolds model is (by construction) exactly consistent with a joint-normal stationary one-time distribution of $(U,\tilde{A},\ln \varepsilon)$.

To completely specify his model, Reynolds assumed the Kolmogorov (1962) prediction for the conditional acceleration variance, \_[A|]{}\^2 / a\_\^2 = a\_0\^\* (/Lindsey Chevrolet Co., 117 Ga. App. 781, 782 (161 SE2d 904), this court held that the failure to state whether or not the transcript will be filed for inclusion in the record on appeal is not cause for the dismissal of the appeal. However, these were not cases where the action of the *176 appellant resulted in a delay of the transmission of the appeal.
The delay here caused the case to be heard at a call later than the one at which it would have been heard if it had been properly transmitted. Thus, the ruling of Hornsby v. Rodriguez, 116 Ga. App. 234 (156 SE2d 830), has no application to the instant situation. Williford v. General Ins. Co. of America, 119 Ga. App. 1 (2) (165 SE2d


purchaser under Texas law "is one who acquires (apparent) legal title to property in good faith for a valuable consideration without . . . notice of an infirmity in the title."[9]
Twentieth Century argues that the Warranty Deed is void under Tex. Prop. Code §13.001 as to a subsequent purchaser for value without notice because it was not filed for record as required by law. Accordingly, under §544(a)(3) of the Bankruptcy Code, Twentieth Century asserts that it can avoid the Warranty Deed and the conveyance of the property from Twentieth Century to Landmark North, because the conveyance would be void as to a bona fide purchaser under Texas law.
Under § 544 the actual knowledge of the trustee or debtor-in-possession is irrelevant. Instead, the issue is whether a hypothetical purchasertenant, Landmark Chevrolet, are not in question. Here, a third-party tenant, Landmark Chevrolet, not the claimant, Landmark North, possessed the subject property. Unlike the Storm case, the rights of the party in possession in this case are simply not in question.
In In re Battros,1992 WL 695898 (Bankr. W.D. Tex. 1992), a Texas bankruptcy court held under circumstances very similar to the present action that a third-party tenant's presence on property did not trigger a duty of inquiry on the part of a hypothetical purchaser where the third-party tenant's possession was compatible with the record titleholder's ownership. Thus, under Texas law a purchaser is not charged with constructive notice of a claimant's interest in property when the property is occupied by a third-party tenant whose possession is compatible with


stage 190. It is noted that the one dimensional line scan can be converted to two dimensional raster by offsetting the beam center, or by moving the stage 190 properly in an orientation perpendicular to the line scan direction. After the bombardment of the charged particle beam probe 140 on the sample 195, secondary charged particles 160, for example but not limited to, secondary electrons, are emitted from the sample 195 and along with the backscattered charged particles, for example but not limited to, backscattered electrons, are collected by a charged particle detector 170. Since the amount of secondary charged particles are modulated by surface topography or voltage of scanned area, a two dimensional image representing the topography contrast or voltage contrast is obtained. The sample 195 mayVisualization of Amyloid β Deposits in the Human Brain with Matrix-assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Imaging Mass Spectrometry.
The neuropathology of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by the accumulation and aggregation of amyloid β (Aβ) peptides into extracellular plaques of the brain. The Aβ peptides, composed of 40 amino acids, are generated from amyloid precursor proteins (APP) by β- and γ-secretases. Aβ is deposited not only in cerebral parenchyma but also in leptomeningeal and cerebral vessel walls, known as cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA). While a variety of Aβ peptides were identified, the detailed production and distribution of individual Aβ peptides in pathological tissues of AD and CAA have not been fully addressed. Here, we develop a protocol of matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-based imaging mass spectrometry (MALDI-IMS) on human autopsy brain tissues to


Q:

asp.net WCF service slow... will disabling asp.net app recycling help?

I have a WCF service that requires a certain response time (under 1 minute).
My problem is that every so often, most often in the mornings the service takes a long time to respond (sometimes over 2 minutes).
I'm thinking this is because the app has recycled and the first run must recompile.
Are there other reasons this might happen?
Is it possible to turn off app recycling?  And if it is, will that cause any side effects or instability?  I'm assuming there must be a reason why asp.net apps are set to recycle.
Is there anything else that can be done to improve that first run performance?

A:

Basically the following rules dictate when an application is recycled or unloaded:

After the App Poolfull moon is the infinitesimally small drop of nectar and the crescent moon is associated with the phases of the moon. In the same way that the moon is progressively revealed during the period from new moon to full moon, so immensity of sahasrara behind the bindu can be gradually unveiled through yogic sadhana. The bindu is drawn on the background of the night sky indicating that the basis of the bindu, the saharasrara, is infinite. For the awakening of bindu there are no specific practices. Once vishudhi becomes active it will have a consequential influence on bindu.

SAHASRARA

The Sanskrit word sahasrara means 'one thousand'. Although sahasrara is represented by a lotus with one thousand petals, the 'one thousand' literally implies that its magnitude and significance is vast, in


the mantra and feel its vibrations resonating in vishuddhi.

Visualization

Become aware of chidakasha and an infinite space.

Visualize an elephant manifesting in this space. A huge white elephant...snow white elephant symbolizing purification of the grosser aspects of one's nature.

Now visualize a circle...white...like a full moon...A white circle...yantra of vishuddhi chakra and the elephant either.

Expand your vision outward. See vishuddhi as a purple lotus. A purple lotus with sixteen petals.

02 June, 2013

POSITION OF ANAHATA CHAKRA

The Sanskrit world anahatameans 'unstruck' or 'unbeaten'. Anahata is the centre of unbeaten sound. It is a cosmic sound which is continuous and in not caused by two objects hitting each other. The physical trigger point of anahata chakra is in the spine directly behind the centre of the chest, in line with the heart. Anahata kshetramrepresented by a lake with a tree growing in its centre, or by a blue lotus on the surface of a huge lake.

Anahata Shuddhi

Sit in a comfortable cross-legged posture with the spine erect and the eyes closed. Take your awareness to the centre of the chest and witness its expansion and contraction with each inhalation and exhalation.

As you inhale, feel the breath being pulled from anahata's location point in the spine through to anahata kshetram at the front of the body.

As you exhale, feel the breath being pushed inwards through the kshetram to the chakra in the spine. Try to feel the exact location of the chakra and kshetram. Continue for about 5 minutes.

Then synchronize the mantraOm with the breathing process: om with inhalation, Om with exhalation.

Feel the


city. Here’s the breakdown:

My salary breaks up into three categories:

Taxes: 30%

Retirement Savings: 18%

Income: 52%

Out of the income that ends up in my pocket, I spend about 20% and save 80%.

I will pause here to point out the obvious: as a software engineer, I have a higher-than-average salary, so I can save a higher-than-average amount of money. If you are interested in focusing on the income side of the equation, I’ve written articles about my change between industries and how negotiation helped me increase my income:

For this exploration, I’m going to focus on the spending aspect. I wrote a money diary about a week in Portland, but what does an average month really look like? Let’s break it down.

This is the average monthly spending for just me:

Rent – $930

Averagehit the Oregon coast, or check out a nearby city.

I was surprised that our spending is actually over the amount usually spent on travel. I wonder if that is because I included weekend trips. We generally think of ourselves as very frugal travelers, even though we go big when it comes to our destinations.

Out of Pocket Healthcare – $96

I don’t spend that much going to the doctor usually, but I got two big bills– one for pink eye ($653 total) and one for two root canals. This is on top of whatever insurance covers. I pay about $88 per month towards health insurance out of my paychecks.

This year, I developed similar symptoms as my last year’s bout of pink eye, but decided not to go to the doctor.


significantly more elevated temperatures than 300xc2x0 C.
The current working model is that the so-called xe2x80x9cstrong acid sitesxe2x80x9d are reduced primarily as a result of a loss of a specific type of tetrahedral aluminum. As a result, in accordance with an aspect of the present invention, in producing a zeolites or molecular sieve, processing conditions that reduce the amount of the specific type of tetrahedral aluminum and thereby reduce the number of strong acid sites should be minimized or avoided in order to provide for improved catalyst activity. As hereinabove indicated, in order to minimize the loss of the specific tetrahedral aluminum and thereby maintain a certain minimum amount of strong acid sites, the conditions at which the templating agent is removed should be controlled so as to reducetiming signal, and consequently, object location could not be determined.
U.S. Pat. No. 5,119,104, for example, describes a synchronization scheme in which a timing reference clock was provided at each monitoring station receiver by way of a local area network (LAN) cable. At each monitoring station, the clock signal incremented a digital counter that latched a count value upon receiving an RF signal arriving at an associated receiver of the monitoring station. Advantageously, this particular approach guaranteed that all counters operate at the same clock frequency. However, a drawback was the lack of a provision to reset the counters or otherwise control the relative phase between them. Non-compensated phase offset between counters degraded position accuracy. Furthermore, in the system described in the '104 patent, the monitoring stations included a


data communication controller that responded to the receipt of an object tag transmission and, upon receipt thereof, sent a corresponding time of arrival (TOA) detection packet to a centrally located processor. In other words, such system was interrupt-driven where receipt of a tag transmission signal invoked an interrupt. A drawback of this approach was that, upon receiving a first tag transmission, the system was temporarily “disarmed” and thus unable to process a second tag transmission until the network completed the transfer of measurement data. Thus, it was possible that one or more tag transmissions were lost in the process.
Phase offset between counters among the respective monitoring stations can be controlled by a synchronizing or counter reset signal. U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,680,121 and 4,916,455, for example, disclose object locationone county, could differ drastically from those of the next. But Captain America represents the best of this country. And traveling to get back into touch with that is an excellent idea.

Furthermore, it seems like a very natural progression for the character. Captain America has always been the moral backbone of the Marvel Universe. The only character with a debatable case to even come close is Spider-Man. And we all know Peter Parker has mastered Expert Mode in screwing up. But over the past decade or more, Steve’s been through the ringer with this country, as it consistently grows more and more divided. Not to mention all the forces that seem intent on dividing the superhero community. Remember when the big events were about the heroes teaming up


a Chinese female is 57.3 kg), a height of 162 cm (average height of a Chinese female is 155.8 cm), and a body mass index (BMI) of 19.81 kg/m^2^ (normal rang 18.5--23.9 kg/m^2^). Other physical examination results were likewise unremarkable. Mild elevated liver enzymes were discovered (aspartate aminotransferase 47 IU/L, alanine aminotransferase 52 IU/L, lactose dehydrogenase 518 IU/L, alkaline phosphatase 152 IU/L and γ-glutamyl transferase 54 IU/L), while renal function was normal (blood urea nitrogen 6.07 mmol/L, creatinine 61.1 μmol/L, negative for urinary protein). Plasma glucose was 16.74 mmol/L, HbA1c was 12.2%, and blood ketone was 2.8 mmol/L. Analysis of β-cell function markers, including fasting insulin (\< 0.2 mIU/L), fasting C-peptide (0.02 μg/L), postprandial-2 h insulin (\< 0.2 mIU/L), and postprandial-2 h C-peptide (0.03 μg/L) suggested a severe loss of insulin secreting capacity (electrochemiluminescence immunoassay was used for insulin and C-peptide concentration). The patient was treated with insulinaspart in continuous insulin infusion (20/U insulin for basal/pre-meal bolus doses). Lab examination results showed negative anti-islet autoantibodies (GADA, IA-2, ICA, and IAA) in the patient's blood using ELISA (GADA), radiobinding assay (IA-2), and radioimmunoassay (ICA and IAA), respectively. Echocardiography and plain X-rays analysis showed normal results. B-mode ultrasound showed a bilateral renal cyst, and cardiac color doppler ultrasound displayed a slightly tricuspid regurgitation.

To pinpoint the causative mutations in the patient, we used the cytoscan high-density array to identify microduplications or microdeletions, and used whole-exome sequencing to detect the mutations in genes. In brief, the cytoscan 750 K Array (Affymetrix Inc., Santa Clara, CA) was used for chromosomal microarray, containing 550,000 nonpolymorphic probes and 200,436 single nucleotide polymorphic probes. The copy number variation was analyzed using the Affymetrix Chromosome


in Table [1](#Tab1){ref-type="table"}, individuals with similar gene deletions could manifest various presentations and disorders (such as diabetes, renal cysts, liver and pancreas malformations, and intellectual disability). Even between parents and children without differences in the deletion region, the significant variance in clinical phenotypes is presented \[[@CR7], [@CR11], [@CR13]\]. Likewise, the severity of renal and pancreatic defects varied between monozygotic twins with MODY5 due to Chr17q12 deletion \[[@CR8]\]. Fig. 1Molecular karyotyping revealed a deletion of approximately 1.58-Mb in Chr17q12 in patients. **a** Chromosome ideogram. The deletion region is highlighted in red. **b** Cytoscan high-density array identified a 1.58-Mb region (34,822,465-36,404,104) of hemizygous loss. **c** Magnification of the hemizygous loss region. **d** Genes located in the 1.58-Mb hemizygous loss region Fig. 2Comparison of deleted regions of Chr17q12. All genomic coordinates weregenetic test and analysis, and the other expense we conducted for this case. The funding bodies played no role in the design of the study and collection, analysis, and interpretation of data and in writing the manuscript.

The data used and/or analyzed in the present report were deposited in the Sequence Read Archive (SRA) database. The data are accessible via the SRA accession: PRJNA600784; or via the links: <https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sra/PRJNA600784;> <https://trace.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Traces/sra/?run=SRR10875069>.

This study was approved by the academic ethics review boards of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University. The authors obtained written consent from the patient for all genetic analysis.

All authors declared the patient has signed written informed consent for publication of clinical, radiological, and biological data.

The authors declare that they have no competing interests.


Yellow CH dilithium salt (457.25 Da, L0259, λex 428 nm, λem 540 nm) and Calcein (622.53 Da, C0875, λex 470 nm, λem 509 nm), acquired from Sigma (Saint Louis, MO, USA), was measured. A Lucifer Yellow CH dilithium salt (LY) solution (1 mM) was prepared in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) without Mg^2+^ and Ca^2+^. A Calcein solution (0.2 mM) was prepared in 1 M NaOH. Living and damaged cells were distinguished by propidium iodide (PI) staining. PI (20 μg/ml) was acquired from Beyotime (Haimen, China) and was added to the cells for 5 min before capturing fluorescence images under a fluorescence microscope (λex 535 nm, λem 615 nm; Olympus, IX51) at 20 °C. An excitation of 428 nm was used for LY and 470 nm for Calcein. Extracellular fluorophores were removed by washing 3 times with PBS, and samples were resuspended in PBS. For qualitativeand incubated at 50 °C for 15 min, followed by incubation at 37 °C for 24 h with 2 μl P2RX7 polyclonal antibody (11144-1-AP, 1:20, Proteintech, Chicago, IL, USA) in a humidified atmosphere with 5 % CO~2.~ Slides were washed three times with PBS, then incubated at 50 °C for 15 min, followed by incubation for 1 h at 37 °C with 2 μl TRITC-conjugated goat anti-rabbit IgG (H + L) secondary antibody (SA00007-2, 1:20, Proteintech) in a humidified atmosphere with 5 % CO~2~. The slides were washed in tri-distilled water and observed under fluorescence microscope. The control group was incubated without primary antibody.

Detection of extracellular ATP levels {#Sec8}
-------------------------------------

Cells at 70--80 % confluency were resuspended to 2 × 10^6^ cells/ml, and 0.25 ml of cell suspension was added to 1.8 ml of Eppendorf tubes and treated with 400 rounds of shock waves at 7 kV or 150 rounds


was quantified by measuring absorbance at 490 nm using a microplate spectrophotometer to calculate the optical density (OD) values.

Annexin V-FITC/PI double staining of apoptosis {#Sec10}
----------------------------------------------

Cells of 70--80 % confluency were resuspended at 2 × 10^6^ cells/ml, and 0.25 ml of cell suspension was added to a 1.8 ml Eppendorf tube and treated with MTX and exposed to 400 shock wave pulses at 7 kV or 150 shock wave pulses at 14 kV in the presence or absence of the P2X7 receptor inhibitor KN62. Then, cell apoptosis was determined using an AnnexinV-FITC/PI apoptosis detection kit (Vazyme Biotech, Nanjing, China) according to the manufacturer's instructions.

Statistical analysis {#Sec11}
--------------------

All data were analyzed using SPSS17.0 statistical software and expressed as mean ± SD. Comparisons were made with *t* test between two groups. Group control data were used as the baseline for statistical comparisonconcentrations of MTX and enhanced the cytotoxicity of MTX on U2OS osteosarcoma cells.

Shock waves have been previously reported to stimulate the release of ATP into the extracellular compartment by accelerating the fusion of ATP-rich vesicles with the cell membrane \[[@CR13]\] or by opening of cell membrane channels \[[@CR20]--[@CR23]\]. By application of GdCl~3~ to block channels and BFA to inhibit ATP production, shock waves still elevated ATP levels, suggesting there exists the third mechanism that the high-strength instant positive phase pressure generated by shock wave during a few seconds may cause a transient increase of cell membrane permeability, leading to a burst of ATP outflow. Our results demonstrate that shock wave-induced release of ATP did not contribute to promotion of cell death. Further experiments indicated that shock waves significantly


Grisham II].

      In a previous court-martial on 12 January 2005, a military judge sitting as a
general court-martial convicted appellant, consistent with his pleas, of attempted
GRISHAM – ARMY 20050479

larceny, failure to go to his appointed place of duty, wrongful possession of
methamphetamines with intent to distribute, wrongful distribution of heroin,
wrongful use of methamphetamines (four specifications), wrongful carrying of a
concealed weapon, and receipt of stolen property. The military judge sentenced
appellant to a bad-conduct discharge, twelve years confinement, and forfeiture of all
pay and allowances. In accordance with the pretrial agreement, the convening
authority reduced the term of confinement to forty months and otherwise approved
the adjudged sentence. Appellant appealed that conviction to another panel of this
court, asserting that the uncharged misconduct provision of his pretrial agreement
precluded the government from                         FACTS

                                     Grisham I

       To adequately address appellant’s assertions, we will take judicial notice of
our own record and the conclusion of court-martial proceedings in appellant’s first
case, Grisham I. See United States v. Jones, 64 M.J. 596, 599 (Army Ct. Crim. App.
2007) (citing United States v. Lovett, 7 U.S.C.M.A. 704, 708, 23 C.M.R. 168, 172
(1957) (“An appellate court, however, can take judicial notice


 5
GRISHAM – ARMY 20050479

                                          Guilty Plea

       The gravity of pleading guilty is such that the Supreme Court mandated the
Constitutional requirement that any guilty plea must be entered into voluntarily,
knowingly, and with an understanding of the surrounding circumstances and likely
consequences. See Santobello v. New York, 404 U.S. 257, 262-263 (1971). While
the same requirement exists for guilty pleas in military courts, “the military justice
system imposes even stricter standards on military judges with regards to guilty
pleas than those imposed on federal civilian judges.”         8
GRISHAM – ARMY 20050479

testing until 6 December 2004. Therefore, this misconduct was not within the
contemplation of the parties when the terms were drafted and the offer was signed by
appellant on 1 December 2004.

                               Understanding of the Parties

       Appellant urges this court to view the term “offer” synonymous with “pretrial
agreement.” Both terms appear on the pretrial agreement’s header. We do not agree
that this juxtaposition means the terms are synonymous. At best, the juxtaposition
creates an ambiguity compelling us to look outside the four corners of


the document
to establish a clear understanding of the pretrial agreement. As our superior court
reminded us in Lundy, we must look to the record for clarification of the parties’
understanding at the time the offer was made, the agreement was created, and
appellant entered his pleas. 63 M.J. at 303 (citing Perron, 58 M.J. at 85).

       Recognizing the responsibility to resolve any potential discrepancies, the
military judge in Grisham I ensured the terms of the agreement, wherever potentially
ambiguous, were adequately clarified on the record. She thoroughly reviewed with
both parties the terms dictating the limits of the protection against prosecution,
explicitly stating, “the accused has protection against charges being preferred for
any offense that the government was aware of on or before 1 December 2004.” The
military judge specifically askedLYBRATE Latest Offers & Coupons 18 August 2017

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you want to go to a university where the government decides what kind of subjects are fit for discussion, I suggest you apply to a school in North Korea.”

“The last thing we need is for members of our City Council or State Legislature to be micromanaging the kinds of programs that our public universities run and base funding decisions on the political views of professors,” said the mayor. “I can’t think of anything that would be more destructive to a university and its students.”

Bloomberg’s decisive words effectively ended the New York City Council’s campaign against Brooklyn College for holding the Students for Justice in Palestine event.

Political Science teacher at Brooklyn College Robin Corey reported delightedly: “Now that the mayor, the New York Times, and just about everyone elseon campus more likely. It makes it more unlikely. Which department or university administration wants to go through this fiasco again?”

This author does not share Chopra’s pessimism. For decades, BDS and other Palestine Solidarity groups have been kicked off campuses around the US due to angry threats from pro-Israel activists. The academic attack on Brooklyn College is standard. What is new is that the administration remained strong and refused to cancel the event.

Meanwhile, Gaza farmers are renewing a call for boycott of Israel to protest the destruction of their land and property as well as the 2006 Israeli ban on Palestinian exports, which devastated Palestinian agriculture, reports Electronic Intifada.

Palestinian farmers joined together with protesters Saturday to plant olive trees on Israeli-razed farmland and to implore international supporters to


1) Are synths of a certain type/caliber/complexity/ability reserved for certain types of users/uses?Yes? Some people like some things more than others, some people have more use for some things. That doesn't mean one thing is better than another though.

2) Do you consider this when looking at future purchases?Well I guess, I am generally only going to buy a synth that I want to use.

3) Do you check the alignment of a particular product in relation to your chosen genre(s)?You don't want to get me started on genres again. But apart from that, there are certain sounds that I like and so I am not gonna buy a synth that can't make any sounds I like. But I've found no matter what the synth is that I use itTottenham fans watch on anxiously as the clock ticks down Getty Images Best photos from the Champions League final: Tottenham 0-2 Liverpool Champions League final Divock Origi shoots into the far corner REUTERS Best photos from the Champions League final: Tottenham 0-2 Liverpool Champions League final Liverpool Divock Origi scores his sides second goal during the UEFA Champions League Final at the Wanda Metropolitano, Madrid. PRESS ASSOCIATION Photo. Picture date: Saturday June 1, 2019. See PA story SOCCER Final. Photo credit should read: Joe Giddens/PA Wire. RESTRICTIONS: Editorial use only in permitted publications not devoted to any team, player or match. No commercial use. Stills use only - no video simulation. No commercial association without UEFA permission. please contact PA Images for further information. Joe Giddens PA Best


$ do-kernel-purge
Ubuntu Kernel Purge - by Caio Oliveira
This script will only keep three versions: the first and the last two, others will be purge
---Current version:
Linux Kernel 4.16.7-041607 Generic (linux-image-4.16.7-041607-generic)
Nothing to remove!
Thanks for using this script!!!

Today, Perfect World Entertainment, a leading publisher of live service games, announced its newest development studio, Echtra Games, is working on the next iteration of the award-winning Torchlight series: Torchlight Frontiers. Set in the same beloved Torchlight universe from Torchlight I and II, this shared-world action-RPG brings back many of the franchise’s signature features and mechanics that captured the hearts of ARPG fans around the world. Led by former Runic Games and Blizzard North co-founder, Max Schaefer, the team developing Torchlight Frontiers is comprised of veteran developers who were responsible for the games thatof reality,” said Nascimento. “According to his interpretation,” he continued, “Aristotle, the younger of the two philosophers, is pointing downwards, which makes sense, because he’s holding a copy of his Ethics, which argues that an important part of man’s happiness lies on earth and in being a good, ethical, citizen. Plato, meanwhile, is all about metaphysics and the soul. The answer to the most important questions lies in the heavens, according to him, which explains why he is pointing upwards. With his other hand, Plato is holding Timaeus, his exploration of the nature of the physical world and the universe.”

This is not a philosophy class, nor even part of an art history course, but a new Digital and Computational Studies(DCS) module, taught in the 2018 spring semester, called


huge stack of cards, leaving out the "Cease Fire" card. Add that card randomly to the bottom 30 cards, and then deal three cards to each player from the top of the deck.

Quoting from the rulebook: "Each player is an aspiring warlord seeking control of a galactic sector. The six suits of numbered cards represent the alien armies best suited for life on six different planets." The object here is to use the cards in your hand and match their suits to the planets, while also making sure that the sum of the values of the cards are higher than the current cards there. Succeed, and you take over the planet, adding the number of cards you just played to the population of the planet. When the Ceasea ton of points. Control! also provides "Spec Ops" cards in the deck, which allow for powerful abilities like nuking all life on the planet (but only if you immediately move at least one of your armies there?), assassinating an army card from an enemy world, adding 5 civilian colonists to a world you control, and so on. A round takes 10 minutes or so, if everyone's playing quickly, and overall, time and mechanics suit each other nicely. This is a fun mix of escalating conflicts and has the perfect amount of interaction and messing with your opponents' plans.

My main problem with the game is the theme. Kerberos is a video game development house, so I understand their background is different from the average board game designer. Sword


original run, and I fear, or would do if danger weren't my middle name, that the newer poll will get considerably less (doesn't help failing to embed both tracks).

While Ray Fisher portrayed the first live-action iteration of DC's Cyborg in last year's JUSTICE LEAGUE, the DC Universe streaming service has cast their own Cyborg for the live-action version of Doom Patrol. THE FIRST PURGE's Joivan Wade will play Victor Stone/Cyborg in the series, currently being written by Jeremy Carver. Based on the comic of the same name, the show centers on Cyborg,...
Read More...

After a tumultuous run with THE AMAZING SPIDER-MAN 1 & 2 and a few e-mail troubles courtesy of North Korea, Sony found its footing again with one of their prime properties when they struck a dealfor some aerobic and anaerobic exercise before a light lunch and then outdoor bowls. It wasn't exactly an Olympic athletes's workout but it was enough to make me feel better than if I'd sat around all day.

*****************

This afternoon I mixed up lamb mince, sausage meat and various vegetables, herbs and spices to make a meatloaf mix which I put in the freezer in 5 portions. I'm having salmon rissoles, mini roast potatoes and a rocket, pear and Parmesan salad for tea which is all very good but I'm spoiling all of that good exercise by imbibing a Squawking Magpie 2016 Chardonnay while writing this and before my meal.

You’re a worse confidence/faith man than Bernie Madoff. He just destroyed people’s money. You want to cripple people’s minds.

As I pointed


streets permanently…” (p. 103.)

David Ramirez Morales

A KALEIDIOSCOPE OF FACES ...

The book was filled with bits, pieces and history of Intelligence operations and spies galore: A kaleidoscope of faces and bodies merged into each other as mingled smoke from the lanterns of crime:

It looks like if logic has left the room or maybe it has left the planet to see if there are other life forms elsewhere in the Universe. The latest us versus them mentality now involves vaccinations. When it comes to adults it should be left to the individual to get vaccinated or not. As for school aged children it should be left in the hands of the parents to decide not some tribunal or special interest group who sees a number that brings in cash forweak tracks and a dark, Dionysian vibe that’s seductive and soulful. The album’s deep cuts might be the best ones: “So Cruel” and “Ultraviolet (Light My Way)” tingle with the fervor and fire of U2’s fantastic early work, even as they glisten with nocturnal debauchery.

Twenty months later, they delivered Zooropa, which began life as a throwaway EP and blossomed into U2’s wildest album. This was during their never-ending “Zoo TV” tour, which was based around a globe-spanning theme of satellite TV and information overload. The massive undertaking both inspired and bruised the band; Bono started to cope by wearing devil horns onstage. He sings Zooropa’s “Lemon” in a screeching falsetto, the Edge mumbles the monotone “Numb,” and Johnny Cash takes over the mic for the space-lounge bounce of


Phase 3 will be tied up before Phase 4 begins to unravel them again.

Worryingly though, rumour has is it that Robert Downey Junior will not be a part of Spider-Man: Far From Home - with another character taking his place as the Avengers link/mentor. Does this mean Iron Man doesn't survive Avengers 4?

Returning Spidey director John Watts has spoken about how he'd like to see Parker getting all shy around Black Widow, and getting all pally with Captain America – so Scarlett Johansson and Chris Evans could be in the mix, although Watts could equally just have been throwing ideas around.

New to the line-up is Jake Gyllenhaal as Quentin Beck - the jaded Hollywood special effects designer who becomes Spider-Man's new helmet-headed nemesis, Mysterio. Gyllenhaal's casting is notTHE CREATIVE TEAM AND CAST

Dan Berkowitz (Playwright) is a member of the Council of The Dramatists Guild of America, the professional association of playwrights, composers, and lyricists; and Co-Chair of The Alliance of Los Angeles Playwrights (ALAP). His writing for the stage has been produced off-Broadway, at major regionals, and in other venues across the US and Canada, and includes the popular revue A... My Name Is Still Alice, and There's No Place Like Hollywood!, nominated for LA's Ovation Award for Best Musical. Dan is a graduate of Princeton, did grad work in theatre at Berkeley, studied with famed acting teacher Stella Adler, and also produces, directs, and is a script and production consultant. His non-theatrical activities over the years have included serving as Co-Chair of the City


in this reality, we remember our divinity through contrast. We remember who and what we are by seeing what we are not. Thus there appears room for improvement — we can become more kind, more loving, more grateful.

These are things that we want to strive for. We don’t want to be wishing we were more intelligent, or beautiful, or athletic etc. Because we are perfect as we are. We came here with certain gifts or looks or intelligence for a reason. We don’t need to question these reasons. Each of us has gifts that are unique and can be a powerful contribution to awakening for us individually and for the world. That is why comparison is meaningless and reinforces illusion, not Unity.

Lawrence Doochin

These posts are similar to thePlan current.
The selected candidate should thrive in a fast-paced work environment with high expectations, significantly diverse assignments, collaborative/team settings across all levels.
ELEPAY
**Basic Qualifications:**
+ Bachelor's Degree from an accredited university
+ 10 yearsproject managementexperience or STEM related experience with Bachelors; 7 years with Masters.
+ Interim DOD Secret Clearance or higher required.
+ Ability to obtain Special Program Access
**Preferred Qualifications:**
+ Master's Degree in a management field
+ Active DoD Top Secret Clearance
+ Special Program Access.
+ Proven success leading teams
+ Risk and Opportunity management experience
+ A working knowledge of Project Management principles and familiarity with concepts such as Integrated Management Systems
+ Understanding of Earned Value Management (EVM)
+ Advanced knowledge of tools such asSharePoint, JIRA, and Microsoft Office
Northrop Grumman is committed to hiring and retaining a diverse workforce. We are proud to be an Equal


intellectual curiosity, cognitive diversity and bringing your whole self to work - and we have an insatiable commitment to do what others think is impossible. Our employees are not only part of history, they're making history.
As a leader, you always act with integrity, and the highest ethical standards characterize everything you do. You enable your team to achieve predictable and balanced results, while satisfying the needs of internal and external partners. You treat all people with respect, and model personal growth and continuous development. You know how to build an inclusive environment that attracts, retains, and inspires a diverse and engaged team. You create trusted and valued customer relationships and communicate effectively, so that people throughout the organization feel engaged and connected to their work. You deliver excellence,experience or3 years with a Master's Degree in a STEM related field
+ Experience with communications technologies examples include: Internet Protocol (IP) networks, Voice over IP (VoIP), Information Assurance (IA), satellite and Line-of-Sight (LOS) RF communications, control interfaces, co-site interference
+ The ability to obtain and maintain a DOD Secret Clearance
**Preferred Qualifications:**
+ Master's Degree
+ Active in scope DOD Secret Clearance
+ Working knowledge of RS-422, MIL-STD-1553, and internet protocol (IP) based networks, development and test methodologies.
+ Working knowledge of US DoD Communication systems such as INMARSAT, Wide Band SATCOM, UHF SATCOM, UHF LOS, and/or Common Data Link (CDL), for supporting autonomous aircraft C2 and voice systems
+ Working knowledge of Link-16 and other tactical data links.
+ Candidate must have excellent verbal and written communication skills, with the ability to work confidently in


Point
+ The ability to obtain and maintain DoD clearance and program access
**Preferred Qualifications:**
+ SAP/BW
+ NGAS business management system, NGAS accounting & reporting systems & Controller policies/procedures
+ Active, In scope DoD Top Secret or SCI clearance
Northrop Grumman is committed to hiring and retaining a diverse workforce. We are proud to be an Equal Opportunity/Affirmative Action Employer, making decisions without regard to race, color, religion, creed, sex, sexual orientation, gender identity, marital status, national origin, age, veteran status, disability, or any other protected class. For our complete EEO/AA and Pay Transparency statement, please visit www.northropgrumman.com/EEO . U.S. Citizenship is required for most positions.

At Northrop Grumman, our employees have incredible opportunities to work on revolutionary systems in air and space that impact people's lives around the world today, and for generationsforces to invent the future, and have a lot of fun along the way. Our culture thrives on intellectual curiosity, cognitive diversity and bringing your whole self to work - and we have an insatiable drive to do what others think is impossible. Our employees are not only part of history, they're _making_ history.
Northrop Grumman Aerospace Systems sector is seeking a highly motivated Air Vehicle Flight Test Engineer 3 to primarily support the E-2D Aerial Refueling Test program as part of an Integrated Test Team based out of NAS Patuxent River, MD. Candidate will provide support to all flight test activities, to include test planning, real-time data monitoring, post flight data processing, and reporting on test results. Candidate shall display professionalism, leadership, have a strong work ethic, work


know how to build an inclusive environment that attracts, retains, and inspires a diverse and engaged team. You create trusted and valued customer relationships and communicate effectively, so that people throughout the organization feel engaged and connected to their work. You deliver excellence, strive for continuous improvement and respond vigorously to change. You ensure that your team has the information and tools needed to perform at their best. You demonstrate our committed pursuit of applying innovation to meet the requirements of our customer. You create and execute strategies that result in sustainable value creation that delivers measurable results.
If this is YOUkeep reading!
Our Autonomous Systems Center of Excellence is seeking aSenior CommunicationsEngineering Managerto assist with the management of the Comms Integrated Product Team (IPT). As the CommsDeputyIPT Manager youand a pioneering spirit to join forces to invent the future, and have a lot of fun along the way. Our culture thrives on intellectual curiosity, cognitive diversity and bringing your whole self to work - and we have an insatiable drive to do what others think is impossible. Our employees are not only part of history, they're making history.
Aerospace Systems sector is seeking aDimension Control Technician4 to join our team of qualified, diverse individuals.
This position lays out, fabricates and assembles a variety of standard and nonstandard major jigs, fixtures, tool masters, master tooling gauges, and related tooling involving compound angels and complex contours where the establishment and coordination to exacting tolerances of numerous tooling holes and reference points between several planes are required. Plans work to be


detail touch ups.
+ Coordinates processes for painting production parts.
+ Required ability to perform moderately strenuous physical and repetitious work to include: bending, stooping, kneeling, lifting, and working overhead.
+ Required ability to be certified for a half & full face respirator.
+ Must be able to access small confined spaces and work in an enclosed environment.
**Basic Qualifications:**
+ High School diploma or GED
+ Minimum of 3 months painting or surface prep experience in an aerospace, automotive, military, manufacturing and/or maintenance environment ORmust completeAutomotive Paint & Body courses before starting position.
+ The ability to pass Special Medical/Respiratory Exam.
+ The ability to obtain and maintain a DOD secret clearanceand program access prior to beginning work
+ The ability to work 1 st 5 am 3:30 pm or 2 nd shift 4:12 pm 2:42 amidentity, marital status, national origin, age, veteran status, disability, or any other protected class. For our complete EEO/AA and Pay Transparency statement, please visit www.northropgrumman.com/EEO . U.S. Citizenship is required for most positions.

At Northrop Grumman, our employees have incredible opportunities to work on revolutionary systems in air and space that impact people's lives around the world today, and for generations to come. Our work preserves freedom and democracy, and advances human discovery and our understanding of the universe. We look for people who have bold new ideas, courage and a pioneering spirit to join forces to invent the future, and have a lot of fun along the way. Our culture thrives on intellectual curiosity, cognitive diversity and bringing your whole self to work - and we have an


Our employees are not only part of history, they're making history.
The applicant must have knowledge of reliability technical standards, principles, theories, concepts, and statistical techniques. The applicant must have demonstrated expertise in phases of reliability, availability, maintainability,
supportability, logistics, system integration and testing, ESS, ALT, HALT, Maintainability Demonstrations, Reliability Demonstrations, Growth Planning and Testing, and Sparing analysis.
Essential:
The applicant will perform a subset of the following RAM tasks:
Provide reliability, availability, and maintainability guidance and leadership/support to various IPTs, ensuring program requirements and performances are understood.
Develop, coordinate, and conduct technical reliability studies and evaluations of engineering design concepts.
Develop reliability math models and allocations, Reliability Block Diagrams, Reliability and Maintainability Program Plans.
Perform parts derating, reliability parts count/stress and process grades analysis and reliability simulations.
Assess reliability data of fielded systems for the purposespace that impact people's lives around the world today, and for generations to come. Our work preserves freedom and democracy, and advances human discovery and our understanding of the universe. We look for people who have bold new ideas, courage and a pioneering spirit to join forces to invent the future, and have a lot of fun along the way. Our culture thrives on intellectual curiosity, cognitive diversity and bringing your whole self to work - and we have an insatiable drive to do what others think is impossible. Our employees are not only part of history, they're making history.
Northrop Grumman Aerospace Systems is seeking an Administrative Assistant to support program management and staff for a program located in Alice Springs, AU. Administrative duties include, but are not


have bold new ideas, courage and a pioneering spirit to join forces to invent the future, and have a lot of fun along the way. Our culture thrives on intellectual curiosity, cognitive diversity and bringing your whole self to work - and we have an insatiable drive to do what others think is impossible. Our employees are not only part of history, they're making history.
This position will be located in Redondo Beach, CA.
Essential Functions:
+ Develops subcontract specifications, work statements, and terms and conditions for the procurement of specialized materials, equipment, and/or services
+ Prepares bid packages, conducts bidders conferences, analyzes and evaluates proposals, negotiates subcontract provisions, selects or recommends subcontractors, writes awards, and administers resulting subcontracts
+ Negotiates and coordinates additions, deletions, or modifications to subcontracts. Participates with contracts administrationBachelor's Degree or higher in Science, Technology, Engineering, Mathematics (STEM) discipline with a minimum of 14 years of experience.
+ Experience in ACS development deliverables and processes.
+ Current SCI Clearance required.
**Preferred Qualifications:**
+ Previous experience presenting to customers.
+ Previous experience overseeing engineering work of subcontractors.
+ Previous experience writing and verifying technical requirements.
+ Previous experience leading a team of engineers.
+ Masters Degree or higher in Aerospace, Electrical or Mechanical Engineering with focus in dynamics and controls.
Northrop Grumman is committed to hiring and retaining a diverse workforce. We are proud to be an Equal Opportunity/Affirmative Action Employer, making decisions without regard to race, color, religion, creed, sex, sexual orientation, gender identity, marital status, national origin, age, veteran status, disability, or any other protected class. For our complete EEO/AA and Pay Transparency statement,


AE editor Roy Thomas.

Dear Gene, I have thought you had erased this unreasonable comment but someone responded to it so I can see that you didn't.

What led you to make the extraordinary claim that Elon Musk and the board have thought of that beforehand? Has it ever happened that Musk has thought about any of similar interactions and events beforehand? It would be the first time in the history of the Universe. You have surely noticed that Musk is a loose cannon, haven't you?

It is not true that the criminal prosecution requires proof beyond reasonable doubt - and on top of that, I think that the SEC already has a proof beyond reasonable doubt, anyway. Harvey Pitt, the ex-SEC chairman, has explained that it's straightforward to make theinclude an agreement by the board - and to put him in jail (yes, I am really getting impatient now).

So I think that your speculations about the insane extra doubling of this loss-making carnival by building copies in China etc. may be highly premature. I can't believe you may talk about things like doubling of the factory now. The Tesla bonds are already rated as junk by everybody - and you propose to double the debt? It's becoming equivalent to communism. That was also a catastrophic crippling of the countries' economies etc. but the communist leaders wanted to expand the camp of misery further across the world.

With the exception of Captain Marvel and the Black Widow spinoff that's still simmering away in the early stages of development, the


was living with HPV(human papilloma virus) for almost 2 years, i was not myself, my body was always inching with pains until i was on the internet searching for a remedy. So luckily, i was reading testimonials of clients who was cured of herpes by the amazing spell caster named Dr idedia, an ancient spell doctor from West Africa.I contacted him by email, and within 15 minutes he got back to me and ask of my details which i provide to him, he consulted his oracle and told me the solution to my problem and how to go about it, i did is he told me and about the two days i got the cure which he prepared and send to me through DHL service, i took themake a comeback and cement his place in the side, it's more difficult than that of a junior. Simply because of the number of runs he has scored or the wickets he has taken. "But Harbhajan has shown improvement. People were not happy with his bowling against England and I was also not able to give him more overs. That happens when you have three spinners. One is bound to be under-utilised. "Then came the 100th Test and there was a lot of pressure on him. He bowled well in the second innings in Chennai. Over here also, he has shown improvement bowling in one area. Having two off-spinners with so many left-handers in the opposition side is certainly working for us," said Dhoni.

Cheteshwar Pujara had recently said


Lots of universities grumble about the price and restrictions of their subscription contracts with publishers, but few have the negotiating power of the University of California System -- which single-handedly accounts for almost 10 percent of the research output of the United States.

The UC system, which paid over $10 million this year to the publishing giant Elsevier in journal subscription fees, is unhappy with the status quo. So unhappy that when the UC system’s current five-year contract with Elsevier ends on Dec. 31, officials say, they are willing to put access to Elsevier journals on hold until the university gets what it wants. An Elsevier representative said that the publisher is working hard to reach an agreement with the UC system before its contract expires.

Millions of dollars inQ:

Reversing a linked list by iteration and recursion

From my original question on Stack Overflow: Is my implementation of reversing a linked list correct?
I'm a beginner at C and I'd like to know about style, and correctness of the reverse algorithms. What about memory management?
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>

typedef struct Node {
    int val;
    struct Node *next;
} Node;

Node * build_list(int num);
Node * reverse_list(Node * head);
static Node * r_reverseItem(Node * last, Node * head);
Node * r_reverse(Node * head);

/*
 * Function which iterates to 100 creating nodes
 * and linking them to head
 *
 */
Node * build_list(int num) {

    Node * head = NULL;
    Node * curr;

    int i;
    for(i=0;i<num;i++) {
    curr


prominence due to the advent of technological tools that are being employed in the designing process. With a variety of applications, information graphics have become an important aspect of a designing process.

Moreover, Infographics are convenient to share than lengthy text notes. They also make a learning material or a creative project look more stunning. I have tried listing down a range of online tools that will surely come to your rescue while meeting tight deadlines. In case you have any knowledge of some more exciting Infographics tools then feel free to mention their names in the comments section. Till then, Good Luck!Q:

How can we power Christmas LED lights without mains supply

I have read the other thread 'Best way to power Christmas lights without nearby outlet' and my question does differ.
We have a Christmas Tree which sits in the middle of our Village Green every year. The lights need to be on from about 4pm until midnight every day for almost a month. Until now, we have used multiple threads of battery powered Christmas lights (AA/AAA) but the results are not very good, with the lights being very dim.
We would now like to power normal (mains) bright LED Christmas Lights by some means. We have explored all options of connecting to a mains supply and they are prohibitively expensive. The current thinking is that we should use some sort of


has been demonstrated in several cell types [@pcbi.1003701-Nemeth1], [@pcbi.1003701-CanonneHergaux1]. The specific role of FPN in up-regulation of iron release from macrophages after erythrophagocytosis has been examined [@pcbi.1003701-Knutson1]. The passive-gradient mechanism assumes that FPN allows free diffusion of iron across the plasma membrane. In macrophages, however, FPN is apparently distributed throughout the cell and not predominantly on the plasma membrane [@pcbi.1003701-Abboud1], which raises uncertainty about its proposed role in passive-gradient mechanism of iron release. Another study has shown that ferroxidases such as Cp can maintain cellular iron efflux by stabilizing FPN on cell membrane [@pcbi.1003701-DeDomenico1].

The passive-gradient mechanism has been a dominant concept in macrophage iron release, but it has not been quantitatively analyzed by a mathematical model that includes detailed kinetic processes. Although FPN is associated with the ironincluded because FPN does not merely act as a passive channel.

Regardless of the model used to describe iron transport and kinetics in cell culture, some basic aspects of iron kinetics can be analyzed from studies in solution. This information is applicable for analysis of iron kinetics in the EC domain of the cell culture. In the passive-gradient and facilitated-transport models, some common mathematical aspects are presented before examining the distinctions between these models.

### Iron kinetics in solution {#s2a1}

Key aspects of iron kinetics that can be studied in solution are shown in ([Fig. 2](#pcbi-1003701-g002){ref-type="fig"}). The diagram for the solution kinetics model using systems biology graphical notation (SBGN) is shown in [Fig. S1](#pcbi.1003701.s001){ref-type="supplementary-material"}. These include reversible oxidation of ferrous iron (Fe^2+^) by oxygen to ferric iron (Fe^3+^) dependent on pH:

![Schematic


in the IC domain binds the ferrous iron as follows:

While and FPN diffuse into the IC domain from the membrane, diffuses from the IC domain into the membrane. In the membrane domain, it reacts reversibly with oxygen:

It is also oxidized by Cp having oxidized copper:

The oxidized dissociates reversibly:

Binding of ferric ion to apo-Tf:

Binding of ferric ion to mono-ferric Tf to form holo-Tf:

Whereas diffuse from the membrane into the EC space, diffuse in the opposite direction. The three reactions in EC domain involving copper oxidation and binding of iron to transferrin (analogous to (K.3), (K.4), (K.5)) are:

Oxidation of reduced Cp:

Binding of ferric ion to apo-Tf:

Binding of ferric ion to mono-ferric transferrin:

As represented by Eq. (12), total mass balances for iron, FPN, Cp, and Tf relate the concentrations in allin solution are shown in [Table 6](#pcbi-1003701-t006){ref-type="table"} and [Table 7](#pcbi-1003701-t007){ref-type="table"} respectively. In the absence of Cp, the rate of iron oxidation as well as the rate of iron binding to Tf is slower. In the presence of Cp, the oxidation of ferrous ions as well as consumption of apo-Tf is faster as evident from the simulated dynamics ([Fig. 6B](#pcbi-1003701-g006){ref-type="fig"}) of these species in first 20 seconds.

![Simulation of iron kinetics in solution.\
Fig 6A: Comparison of experimental data with simulated output from solution kinetics model. Fig 6B: Simulated dynamics of ferrous iron and apo-Tf. With Cp, oxidation of ferrous iron as well as consumption of apo-Tf is faster.](pcbi.1003701.g006){#pcbi-1003701-g006}

10.1371/journal.pcbi.1003701.t006

###### Diffusion coefficients in solution.

![](pcbi.1003701.t006){#pcbi-1003701-t006-6}

  Species


error in all the raw data (27 data points for each case) for a given experimental condition. A statistically significant enhancement in iron release was observed by addition of Cp (p = 2.07e-5), apo-Tf (p = 1.53e-7) and apo-Tf and Cp together (p = 8.7e-12) with respect to control. The stimulation in the presence of apo-Tf + Cp was significant with respect to Cp (p = 6.5e-6) alone and apo-Tf alone (p = 6.8e-3). This average experimental iron release at 30 min release interval was simulated in iron release models to perform static comparison of model outputs.

From cell culture studies under many different conditions, the iron release data reflects all the radioactive iron (^55^Fe) in the EC fluid as , , and . The molar quantity of the EC tracer iron is related to the scintillation count rate0.2e-5
               3.75e-5
               3.75e-5

With the facilitated-transport model, optimal estimates of the parameters ([Table 9](#pcbi-1003701-t009){ref-type="table"},[10](#pcbi-1003701-t010){ref-type="table"}) were obtained by fitting the model-simulated dynamic responses to the dynamic iron-release data from all experiments over 45 min ([Fig. 9A](#pcbi-1003701-g009){ref-type="fig"}). From a single, consistent set of parameter values, the facilitated-transport model, but not the passive-gradient models, simulated the experimental data showing an increase in iron release at 30 min release interval with Cp, apo-Tf or apo-Tf + Cp ([Fig. 9B](#pcbi-1003701-g009){ref-type="fig"}). Model simulations with both forms of passive-gradient models (SL and SD) could not reproduce the experimental data showing an increase in iron release with apo-Tf or


apo-Tf + Cp ([Fig. 9B](#pcbi-1003701-g009){ref-type="fig"}). The change of cellular iron release with a change in Cp concentration is predicted by the facilitated-transport model simulation ([Fig. 9C](#pcbi-1003701-g009){ref-type="fig"}). This model provides a mechanism consistent with the experimental observation of decreased iron release at lower Cp concentration [@pcbi.1003701-Sarkar1].

![Simulated output from facilitated-transport model compared to experimental data.\
Fig. 9A: Facilitated-transport model simulation of the different experimental release conditions using the same model parameter values. Dynamic cellular iron release is compared from 0 to 50 min. Fig. 9B: Facilitated-transport model, but not passive-gradient model, simulates experimental increase in iron release with Cp (300 µg/ml), apo-Tf (55 µM) and apo-Tf + Cp under hypoxic conditions (1% O~2~). Static cellular iron release at average release time of 30 mins is compared. Fig. 9C: Facilitated-transport model simulatesmodel parameters.\
Fig 10A: Simulation with facilitated-transport model quantifies the sensitivity of iron release to changes in key model rate parameter () that determines transport of ferrous ion by binding to FPN with all other parameters constant. Sensitivity of cellular iron release to rate constant for oxidation of ferrous by oxygen () (Fig. 10B), rate constant for incorporation of ferric iron into Tf () (Fig. 10C) and rate constant for forward dissociation of ferric-FPN () (Fig. 10D) is also shown here.](pcbi.1003701.g010){#pcbi-1003701-g010}

Sensitivity of iron release to a change in the binding of ferrous ion and FPN is revealed by simulating the response to changes in the parameter of the facilitated-transport model. Simulations show that an increase or decrease in the parameter directly impacts the cellular iron release ([Fig. 10A](#pcbi-1003701-g010){ref-type="fig"}). Cellular


same as those for the iron kinetics model in solution. Optimal estimates of these coefficients and the mass transfer rate for ferrous ion () from IC to EC domain were obtained. For the facilitated-transport model, some reactions are the same as those for the iron kinetics model in solution. Therefore, the values of the reaction rate coefficients in these reactions were initial values for the optimal re-estimation of corresponding reaction rate coefficients:

, , , ,

We assumed that the transport coefficients for similar chemical species were identical: . Also, diffusion coefficient for FPN and all associated species was assumed to be 1/10^th^ of that of ferrous species.

Then, a sequential estimation process was applied to get the optimal estimates of all parameters by matching model-simulated outputs with experimental data inThe sequencing data is deposited to NCBI's Sequence Read Archive (SRA) under accessions SRR935329 and SRR935330. Assembled transcriptomes are submitted to NCBI transcriptome shotgun assembly database (TSA) under BioProject No. PRJNA211850 and PRJNA211851.

Introduction {#sec005}
============

The Hexapoda represent a monophyletic lineage within the Pancrustacea \[[@pone.0130600.ref001]--[@pone.0130600.ref003]\]. This lineage includes the insects and a number of apterygote groups such as Collembola, Diplura, Protura and Archaeognatha. Recent phylogenetic analysis has shown that Hexapoda represent one of six terrestrialization events within the Ecdysozoa \[[@pone.0130600.ref004]\]. According to this reconstruction, Hexapoda derive from a crustacean ancestor. This is supported by a study from Von Reumont et al., which suggests that hexapods most likely derive from a single terrestrialization event of an originally crustacean lineage \[[@pone.0130600.ref005]\].

*Folsomia candida* and *Orchesella cincta* are members of the hexapod subclass Collembola


(springtails). They are common and widespread distributed arthropods that inhabit soil, leaf litter and other decaying plant material, where they function as decomposers of organic matter driving mineralization \[[@pone.0130600.ref006]\]. The springtail *F*. *candida* reproduces parthenogenetically at a high rate, which makes it a suitable model for laboratory experimentation, including bioassays for soil contamination \[[@pone.0130600.ref007], [@pone.0130600.ref008]\]. *Orchesella cincta* is a sexually reproducing collembolan living in the litter layer rather than inside the soil. It shows a wide ecological distribution including human-disturbed areas and shows a remarkable genetic variability and potential for stress tolerance evolution \[[@pone.0130600.ref009]\].

From an evolutionary point of view, Collembola are intriguing, since they share the most recent common ancestor with insects \[[@pone.0130600.ref001], [@pone.0130600.ref003], [@pone.0130600.ref010]\]. With a total of about 8000 species they represent a widespread and abundantsequences. Null and alternative models were compared in a likelihood ratio test (LRT) with one degree of freedom. The null model assumes only neutral evolution (ω = 1) in the foreground branch, while the alternative model allows positive selection (ω ≥ 1) in the foreground branch. To avoid false discoveries we corrected *p*-values with a false discovery rate (FDR) cut-off value of 0.05 in the QVALUE package in R \[[@pone.0130600.ref063]\]. Yang and Dos Reis suggested that the branch-site model could in some cases lead to convergence problems in the log-likelihood calculations, resulting in negative or artificially large log-likelihood values \[[@pone.0130600.ref064]\]. Therefore, we repeated every run three times to avoid any false positives due to the non-convergence of the null model and any false negatives due to the non-convergence