/*
 * Copyright (c) Facebook, Inc. and its affiliates.
 *
 * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
 * You may obtain a copy of the License at
 *
 *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 *
 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
 * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
 * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 * limitations under the License.
 */

package com.facebook.buck.util.concurrent;

import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
import static org.junit.Assert.assertFalse;
import static org.junit.Assert.assertSame;
import static org.junit.Assert.assertTrue;

import java.util.concurrent.ExecutionException;
import java.util.concurrent.Semaphore;
import java.util.concurrent.atomic.LongAdder;
import org.junit.Test;

public class WorkThreadTrackingTaskTest {
  @Test
  public void threadIsTrackedWhenComputing() throws InterruptedExceptionother organisations - to review yours. Not very comfortable at all (I mean, why is it that most clinical director vacancies are lucky to get one application?). But essential. The WHO checklist for safer surgery, which Atul Gawande was involved in, is a useful starter for ten, but this is a massive task.

The second bit is for commissioners. It involves ensuring that they don't pay for sub-standard care, and they never pay for 'never events' like wrong-site surgery, avoidable VTE or HCAI (currently becoming policy, rather belatedly). This is also very difficult, because it involves following up treatment outcomes, and the IT is not in place to do this easily.

But nothing would concentrate the mind like not getting paid - or in extreme cases, losing percentages (or indeed


issue of prophylaxis but ticking boxes is no substitute for an intelligent mind making good decisions.

I well remember the last patient of mine who died of a pulmonary embolism developed while in my ward. She was elderly and had a haemarthrosis. On that basis I decided not to given her prophylactic heparin. But she was a very high risk patient - age, trauma (and to the leg) and immobile. As things turned out I made the wrong decision but it seemed reasonable at the time.

I also remember a patient about whom I had a solicitor's letter. The allegation was that I had caused pressure sores on her heels as a result of using stockings to prevent VTE. Doubtless if I hadn't used the stockings and she had developed-143.51 + 3.51. Let y = n - -139.5. Which is the nearest to -1?  (a) 3/4  (b) -1  (c) y
b
Let q = 30.42 + 356.38. Let i = -387 + q. Which is the nearest to -1?  (a) 0.1  (b) -2/3  (c) i
b
Suppose 3*u - 61 = 40*f - 36*f, 99 = 5*u - 4*f. Suppose 5*t = c - 27, -t + 2*c = -10 + u. What is the closest to -1 in 0.03, 0, -2/5, t?
-2/5
Let k = -15321/143 - -1176/11. What is the closest to 1 in k, -26, -1/8?
-1/8
Let i = -12.04 + 0.04. Let j = i - -5. Let k = -30 + 29.9. Which is the closest to k?  (a) 2


(b) j  (c) -1/7
c
Let p = -8 - -12. Let v = -139 + 39. Let o = 100.1 + v. Which is the nearest to -1/4?  (a) p  (b) o  (c) 1
b
Let r = -4126 + 4126. Let i be (3 - 0)*4/(-4). Let p(d) = d**3 + 2*d**2 + 2. Let o be p(-2). Which is the nearest to 1/3?  (a) o  (b) i  (c) r
c
Let l = -1582 - -1581.9298. Let i = 0.9298 - l. Let d(m) = m**3 - 7*m**2 + 5*m + 1. Let z be d(6). Which is the nearest to 1/9?  (a) 0.3  (b) z  (c) i
a
Let o = 461 - 459. Let w = 66 + -63. What isthe nearest to 32 in w, 0.1, o?
w
Let y = -3.9 + 2.98. Let f = y + 0.38. Let k = f + 0.24. What is the closest to -2 in 1, k, -1?
-1
Let q = 889/15 + -293/5. What is the closest to q in -3/5, -10/3, -0.3?
-0.3
Let y = -237 - -951/4. Let b = 247 - 991/4. What is the nearest to y in -1/2, b, -2/7?
-2/7
Let g = -6 + 10. Suppose -103*j + 74 - 3 = -32. What is the closest to j in 0.1, 1/17, g, 0.5?
0.5
Let o = 4251 - 4235. Which is the closest to 6?  (a) 0.1  (b) o  (c) 3
c
Let n(u) = u - 14. Let x be -4*-15*4/16. Let w be (-11)/(5/x*-3).


Vote Leave campaign,extra-marital affairs andracism and yet, he has still be intrusted with this country’s foreign policy hardly having his intellectual facilities questioned.

Or how about Philip Hammond? The Tory Chancellor told BBC Radio 4’s Today programme that a high-speed railway would cost £32bn when it is actually expected to cost more than £52bn. In fact, it was noted by many social media users that the mistake “was not immediately reported by most major news outlets”. Considering that Hammond has been in charge of the Conservatives spending for a year already, should this not be more worrying? Out of these three blundering politicians, there is only one who is perpetually vilified by journalists and the general public alike.

This is not to say that Abbott should never be critiqued, butstated in Sec. 783.31, even though during the workweek he performs some work of a nature other than that which characterizes the service of a seaman, if such nonseaman's work is not substantial in amount.  For enforcement purposes, the Administrator's position is that such differing work is "substantial" if it occupies more than 20 percent of the time worked by the employee during the workweek.

19
29 C.F.R. Sec. 783.37.6   These findings of the Department of Labor are entitled to great weight by the courts.  Tony & Susan Alamo Foundation v. Secretary of Labor, 471 U.S. 290, 297, 105 S.Ct. 1953, 1959, 85 L.Ed.2d 278 (1985).  The fact that the interpretation has not varied since the FLSA's enactment also entitles it to "great respect."


current rate schedule as it did when it was paying overtime.  It still requires its employees to record the number of hours worked.  It continues to depend upon the employees' reliability.  There is no question that payment of overtime will increase wage expenses.  This obvious fact, which occurs whenever the statutes applies, is no justification for not paying overtime under the Act.  W.D. Haden, 153 F.2d at 199.

III. Conclusion

37
We find that the district court incorrectly used the definition of seamen under the Jones Act to determine if the workers were exempt from entitlement to overtime pay under the FLSA.  It is well established that the term under the two acts has different, independent meanings.

38
Under the FLSA definition, we find that the workersQ:

How to concat strings in a jsonb array in a psql query?

I want to dynamically concat strings in a jsonb array in my psql query which is as follows :
with cte as (select generate_series(1, 3) as num) select '["name", "number"||cte.num]'::jsonb as res from cte;

But I am getting this error :
ERROR:  invalid input syntax for type json
LINE 1: ...e as (select generate_series(1, 5) as num) select '["name", ...


Eglinton casino poker club - tägliche

My friend decided to bring her some water in and make sure she was alright until she was subjected to being shouted at by a bouncer. It has changed considerably over the last number of years and features a fascinating juxtaposition of new and ancient architecture. Tables are open every night and can be opened on request during daytime hours. Our cash games run every night with a range of buyins and and games which are displayed in real time on our website and app. Indeed local handcrafts are a feature of the entire region including hand knits, pottery, glass, jewelry and woodwork. Our cash games run every night with a range of buyins and and games which are displayed in real timecourse of 5 years, to determine temporal changes in brain metabolite levels, morphometry and neuropsychological performance during early childhood development. Most of these children will be co-enrolled and have been followed since birth in the NIDA-funded Infant Development, Environment and Lifestyle ("IDEAL") study, which assesses infant neurobehavioral development. Detailed maternal drug use, psychosocial and mood evaluations will be performed and correlated with biological brain changes in these children.


Daniel A. Coombe

Sunday

May 27, 2007 at 12:01 AM

Bolock Funeral Home

Daniel A. Coombe, 19, of Mountainhome, died Thursday, May 24, as the result of a motor vehicle accident. He was the beloved husband of Laura (Evans) Coombe and father of their unborn son, Gavin Daniel, due in July.

Born in Allentown, he was the son of Gerald and Valerie (Hill) Coombe of New Ringgold and attended Tamaqua High School.

He was employed as a flagman for Area Wide Protective Co.

In addition to his wife and parents, he is survived by a son, Jaden Shane of New Ringgold; four sisters, Sandra and Samantha Coombe, Jen and Bridget Sawyer; grandparents, Charles and Susan Hill of Sciota, Sidni and Arthur Runquist of Allentown, Oliver and Edith Coombe of New Ringgold; godfather, Eugene Watts ofsimilar positive responses. A listing of the patients in the sample by number and corresponding age appears in tabular form as Table 1.
In Table 1 the second column labeled BCP Use indicates whether or not the patient was using birth control pills. The third, labeled Duration PMS, indicates in years the duration of the patient""s PMS symptoms. The fifth column labeled Menarche indicates the patients age in years at the time of first menstruation. The last column labeled G/P stands for Gravida/Pera, the first number of which indicates the number of times the patient had been pregnant, and the second number of which indicates the number of live birth deliveries by the patient.
The group studied and indicated in Table 1 consisted of women who had consistently experienced sustained


and severe symptoms of PMS that required medical intervention. These conditions were reported by the participants themselves. Severe PMS was defined as PMS that caused symptoms occurring more than 50 percent of menstrual cycles during the past 12 months. The participants were asked to fill out a questionnaire prior to their entrance to the study. This questionnaire requested the participants to numerically rate the various aspects of PMS that they had experienced in the past, with the number ten being highest and the number one being lowest. A zero value would indicate an absence of a symptom altogether. The results of the questionnaires and the average for each aspect of PMS among the participants is set forth in the following Table 2.
The potential side effects of the studydimensions see [@Aldazabal:2002py].

[^2]: The convention for the antisymmetric tensors which we follow is such that $\epsilon_{01234}=\epsilon_{0123}=1$ for the metric tensor $\eta_{MN}={\rm diag}(1,-1,-1,-1,-1)$ and $\eta_{\mu\nu}={\rm diag}(1,-1,-1,-1)$. We assume that the non-Abelian group generators, $T^a$ are Hermitian and normalized according to $ \tr T^a T^b = 2^{-1} \delta_{ab} $.

[^3]: This assumes that $\la_X$ is not a constant.

[^4]: We thank Kin-ya Oda for a discussion at this point.

[^5]: This is also a natural choice for $S^1/Z_2$ orbifold models since it insures that $X_\mu(x,-y)=-X_\mu(x,y)$, $X_4(x,-y)=X_4(x,y)$ and $X_N(x,y+2R)=X_N(x,y)$ are preserved under gauge transformations.

[^6]: It turns out that each term in the KK expansion of (\[scpv\]) is a total derivatives (as they emerge form the full derivative $\tr[\nab_{\mu\nu}\tilde{\nab}^{\mu\nu}]$). Only the zero-mode contribution will be relevant as it contributes to the effective non-perturbative axion potential,


other terms could be dropped.

[^7]: Note also that the amplitude receives contributions from the other terms in the action.

[^8]: This statement holds within NDA, of course, if the coefficients of super-renormalizable operators are tuned to be small, then their effects are suppressed so that the problem of consistency disappears.
The invention relates to an apparatus for individually separating stacked printed products and more particularly to an apparatus for separating printed products which uses a plurality of suction heads arranged on a rotor.
U.S. Pat. No. 5,169,285 and corresponding EP A1 0 332 828 describe an apparatus for individually separating stacked sheets of paper. The disclosed apparatus, is designed as a rotary feeder which includes a plurality of satellites arranged in a rotor. The satellites rotate about their own axis during the rotation of the rotor. They have drum sheaves, which are spaced from one another and between which suction heads are arranged. The rotor is located underneath a feeder magazine for receiving the stack. The drum sheaves of the satellites roll on the underside of the stack, so


to sign a petition in his behalf.
Lubin, supra, 415 U.S. at 718-19, 94 S.Ct. at 134. Since the.5% signature requirement of HRS § 12-6(4) is a reasonable figure for indigent candidates to obtain, the inescapable conclusion is that HRS § 12-6(4) rationally furthers a legitimate state interest.
Plaintiff contends that HRS § 12-6(4) is an unreasonable method to test an indigent candidate's seriousness because indigent candidates have to satisfy an "inherently more burdensome" test of seriousness in soliciting petition signatures than non-indigent candidates have to satisfy in paying filing fees. He argues that while "a wealthy candidate[22] will have little trouble raising the fees," the indigent candidate must "canvass the community in search of support, a process calling for both [his] time and resources."
Why should a non-indigent candidate bespared the effort an indigent candidate must exert by the mere payment of money? Why shouldn't all candidates be uniformly required to obtain signatures of .5% of the registered voters?
If this state were pursuing identical interests in having petitions, HRS § 12-6(4), and in having filing fees, HRS § 12-6(2), those questions would be difficult to answer. But because different interests are promoted by petitions and filing fees, there is a rational basis for the different treatment of indigents and non-indigents.
In Lubin, the Supreme Court observed that
[a] majority of States have long required the payment of some form of filing fee, in part to limit the ballot and in part to have candidates pay some of the administrative costs.
Id. at 713, 94 S.Ct. at 1318 (footnote omitted). The


in the English language. Sometimes formulations such as "involves" or "might invade or restrain" are used. See Carey v. Population Services International, 431 U.S. 678, 686, 97 S.Ct. 2010, 52 L.Ed.2d 675 (1977); Harper v. Virginia Bd. of Elections, 383 U.S. 663, 670, 86 S.Ct. 1079, 16 L.Ed.2d 169 (1966). These formulations, however, are used in the same sense as "impinges," "penalizes," etc.
[7]  E.g., Shapiro v. Thompson, 394 U.S. 618, 89 S.Ct. 1322, 22 L.Ed.2d 600 (1969) (right of interstate travel). A fundamental constitutional right is that "explicitly or implicitly guaranteed by the Constitution." San Antonio School District v. Rodriguez, 411 U.S. 1, 33-34, 93 S.Ct. 1278, 1297, 36 L.Ed.2d 16 (1973).
[8]  See Developments in the Law  Equal Protection, 82 Harv.L.Rev. 1065, 1103-04, 1122-23 (1969)it applied only from July 30, 1976 (when the law was available to the public at defendants' office, Stipulated Fact 1, supra), the period from July 30 through August 18, 1976, was sufficient time in which to obtain 759 signatures. From May 14, 1976, plaintiff needed to collect signatures at the rate of only eight per day; from July 30, 1976, only thirty-eight per day.
[18]  I.e., that a fundamental right was infringed. A de minimis effect on a fundamental right will not evoke strict scrutiny. See American Party of Texas v. White, 415 U.S. 767, 789, 94 S.Ct. 1296, 39 L.Ed.2d 744 (1974); cf. Fuentes v. Shevin, 407 U.S. 67, 90 n. 21, 92 S.Ct. 1983, 32 L.Ed.2d 556 (1972).
[19]  See Stipulated Fact 7, supra. Only


1079, 16 L.Ed.2d 169 (1966) (state poll tax on voting struck down for all voters, those who could afford to pay as well as those who could not).
[24]  The filing fees required of candidates for different offices are not proportional to the size of the constituency a particular official may represent. For example, the Mayor of the City and County of Honolulu represents a far larger constituency than any other mayor in the state, but a non-indigent candidate for Mayor of Honolulu pays a filing fee of $50.00, the same that candidates for other mayoralties pay. See HRS § 12-6(2). Thus, from one viewpoint there is an inequality insofar as the size of the filing fee for mayor fails to reflect the size of a mayor's constituency.optional installs folder. You can also weed out many printers during this same customization stage of the install process.

Evaluate your disk

A utility like Grand Perspective displays disk usage in graphical terms. Use it to track down large files that you're not using. Mousing over any block shows you exactly where each file is located. I use Grand Perspective to find many of the screen savers, dictionaries, and fonts that no longer live on my system.

As this screenshot shows, some files are enormous. See that big red blob? That's my laptop's hibernation files. And, like many other nonstandard Mac OS X laptops, mine does not properly sleep.

If your laptop is a nonsleeper, you might consider tossing /var/vm/sleepimage; this file could possibly save a gigabyte of space. You might also


fluid pressure and continues to remain high such that the opposing axial forces at the axial ends of the valve are unbalanced tending to urge the valve closed. Closing forces also occur due to fluid acceleration and angle of exit of the flow. This applies but is not limited to poppet valves, spool valves, or other similar linearly translatable valves. These forces are sometimes referred to as xe2x80x9cflow induced forcesxe2x80x9d or xe2x80x9chydraulic reaction forcesxe2x80x9d.
The problem with xe2x80x98flow induced forcesxe2x80x99 is that the forces needed to stroke a valve can be very high. The conventional prior art approach of dealing with xe2x80x98flow induced forcesxe2x80x99 has been to either use a two-stage system or incorporate large actuator forces and return spring forces into a valve assembly for the purpose ofmechanism for reducing xe2x80x98flow induced forcesxe2x80x99 that is relatively easy to implement across a number of different types and sizes of valves, including poppet valves, spool valves, and other reciprocating valves.
A further objective is to provide a counterbalance to the xe2x80x98flow induced forcesxe2x80x99, which varies according to the position of the valve. One such fluid mechanism would deliver a force which is similar in shape to the xe2x80x98normalxe2x80x99 closing (negative) forces but opposite in direction. This implies a mechanism which can sharply increase the positive counteracting axial forces as the valve approaches its closed position or vice-versa in the opposite direction of movement. One goal may be to achieve or approach the state of a fully xe2x80x98balanced valvexe2x80x99 throughout its stroke range or another may be to shape


a valve assembly. The valve assembly comprises a valve body defining first and second flow passages. A valve is movable in the valve body along an axis to control fluid flow between the first and the second flow passages. The valve has first and second control edges. The second control edge is spaced axially and radially from the first control edge such that the valve includes a radially extending surface between the first and second control edges. First and second restrictions are formed between the first and second control edges and the valve body, respectively. The first and second restrictions form a intermediate pressure region such that when the first and second flow passages are at different fluid pressures with fluid flowing past the valve, the intermediate regionQ:

Disable the 'see though mode' in edit mode

I am currently modeling an ear and it becomes very hard to see some vertices

I know that I could hide some geometry in the background, but is it possible to completely disable the see though mode so that I only see the vertices on the surface?

A:

Enable limit selection to visible in the bottom tool bar.


Q:

Mesclar 2 objetos com Javascript ES6!

Tenho os seguintes objetos javascript..
headers: [
  {
    text: 'Nome',
    value: 'nm_propriedade'
  },
  {
    text: 'Área Segurada',
    value: 'nr_area_risco'
  },
  {
    text: 'Início de plantio',
    value: 'dt_inicio_plantacao'
  },
  {
    text: 'Fim de plantio',
    value: 'dt_fim_plantacao'
  }
],

items: [
  {
    id_proposta_talhao: 2,
    id_proposta_itens: 10004,
    nm_propriedade: 'talhão 1',
    nr_area_risco: 1,
    dt_inicio_plantacao: '2019-05-14T00:00:00',
    dt_fim_plantacao: '2019-12-11T00:00:00'
  },
  {
    id_proposta_talhao: 1,
    id_proposta_itens: 10005,
    nm_propriedade: 'Teste',
   nr_area_risco: 100,
    dt_inicio_plantacao: '2019-05-01T00:00:00',
    dt_fim_plantacao: '2019-05-08T00:00:00'
  }
]

Porem preciso formatar os items de acordo com os headers.. sendo que nos items só vai permanecer os items onde a key for igual a algum value dos headers! E o mesmo deve ser substituído pelo text do mesmo item!
Segue um exemplo de como deve ficar os items..
items: [
  {
    "Nome": 'talhão 1',
    'Área Segurada': 1,
    'Início de plantio': '2019-05-14T00:00:00',
    'Fim de plantio': '2019-12-11T00:00:00'
  },
  {
    "Nome": 'Teste',
    'Área Segurada': 100,
    'Início de plantio': '2019-05-14T00:00:00',
    'Fim de plantio': '2019-12-11T00:00:00'
  }
]

Aceito sugestões;
Preciso fazer isso pois em


in the field of digital-download video tutorials at his website, Modern Blues Harmonica.Gussow's other musical credits include a stint with the bus-and-truck tour of Big River; several decades as a blues harmonica instructor at The Guitar Study Center in New York and in private practice; and a nine-time coach at Jon Gindick's Blues Harmonica Jam Camps. He's also headlined the Mundharmonika-Live festival in Klingenthal, Germany (2008) and has taught at Blues Week in the UK (2008).In the spring of 2010, Gussow added a new credit line to his resume´ as the creator and promoter of Hill Country Harmonica, a two-day intensive that drew more than 100 players from 30 states and 7 foreign countries to Foxfire Ranch in north Mississippi to study with Billy Branch, Billy Gibson, JohnnyQ:

Java JAR file does not execute in startup script in Ubuntu 14.04

The following process normally works for my startup scripts.  However, when I introduce a command to execute a JAR file, it does not work.  This script works while I am logged in.  However, it does not work as a startup script.

In /etc/init.d I create a bash script (test.sh) with the following contents:
#!/bin/bash

pw=$(curl http://169.254.169.254/latest/meta-data/instance-id)

pwh=$(/usr/bin/java -jar PWH.jar $pw &)

echo $pwh > test.txt

Make script executable
In /etc/rc.local, I add the following line:
sh /etc/init.d/test.sh

Notes:

I make a reference to the script in /etc/rc.local, because this script needs to run last after all services have started.
Please do not ask me to change the process (i.e., create script in /etc/init.d/ and reference it from /etc/rc.local), because it works for my other


angle (in this case 21.0 degrees), median wrench and 3/4 inch hex fastener tolerances, calculations show that Diebold engages the side of a fastener at a distance of 0.04 inches from the corner. (The median wrench opening tolerance is 0.759 inches and the median fastener tolerance for 3/4 inch hex fastener is 0.743 inch. See ANSI B107.6.) The closer the point of contact on which force is exerted is to a comer of a fastener, the greater the chance for marring.
Another example of an open-end wrench designed to reduce rounding-off of the fastener comers is shown in U.S. Pat. No. 3,242,775 to Hinkle. While this design is intended to apply force to the flat faces or surfaces of a nut instead of the corners (Col. 2, lines 15-18),argument. The channel will be used to cancel polling and any outstanding HTTP
// requests.
//
// resourceGroupName is the name of the resource group. virtualNetworkGatewayName is the name of the virtual network
// gateway. parameters is parameters supplied to the generate virtual network gateway VPN client package operation.
func (client VirtualNetworkGatewaysClient) GenerateVpnProfile(resourceGroupName string, virtualNetworkGatewayName string, parameters VpnClientParameters, cancel <-chan struct{}) (<-chan String, <-chan error) {
	resultChan := make(chan String, 1)
	errChan := make(chan error, 1)
	go func() {
		var err error
		var result String
		defer func() {
			if err != nil {
				errChan <- err
			}
			resultChan <- result
			close(resultChan)
			close(errChan)
		}()
		req, err := client.GenerateVpnProfilePreparer(resourceGroupName, virtualNetworkGatewayName, parameters, cancel)
		if err != nil {
			err = autorest.NewErrorWithError(err, "network.VirtualNetworkGatewaysClient", "GenerateVpnProfile", nil, "Failure preparing request")
			return
		}

		resp, err := client.GenerateVpnProfileSender(req)
		if err != nil {
			result.Response = autorest.Response{Response: resp}
			err = autorest.NewErrorWithError(err, "network.VirtualNetworkGatewaysClient", "GenerateVpnProfile", resp, "Failure sending request")
			return
		}

		result, err = client.GenerateVpnProfileResponder(resp)
		if err != nil {
			err


outstanding HTTP requests.
//
// resourceGroupName is the name of the resource group. virtualNetworkGatewayName is the name of the virtual network
// gateway. peer is the IP address of the peer to retrieve the status of.
func (client VirtualNetworkGatewaysClient) GetBgpPeerStatus(resourceGroupName string, virtualNetworkGatewayName string, peer string, cancel <-chan struct{}) (<-chan BgpPeerStatusListResult, <-chan error) {
	resultChan := make(chan BgpPeerStatusListResult, 1)
	errChan := make(chan error, 1)
	go func() {
		var err error
		var result BgpPeerStatusListResult
		defer func() {
			if err != nil {
				errChan <- err
			}
			resultChan <- result
			close(resultChan)
			close(errChan)
		}()
		req, err := client.GetBgpPeerStatusPreparer(resourceGroupName, virtualNetworkGatewayName, peer, cancel)
		if err != nil {
			err = autorest.NewErrorWithError(err, "network.VirtualNetworkGatewaysClient", "GetBgpPeerStatus", nil, "Failure preparing request")
			return
		}

		resp, err := client.GetBgpPeerStatusSender(req)
		if err != nil {
			result.Response = autorest.Response{Response: resp}
			err = autorest.NewErrorWithError(err, "network.VirtualNetworkGatewaysClient", "GetBgpPeerStatus", resp, "Failure sending request")
			return
		}

		result, err = client.GetBgpPeerStatusResponder(resp)
		if err != nil {
			err = autorest.NewErrorWithError(err, "network.VirtualNetworkGatewaysClient", "GetBgpPeerStatus", resp, "Failure responding to request")
		}
	}()
	return resultChan, errChan
}

// GetBgpPeerStatusPreparernetwork gateway has learned, including routes
// learned from BGP peers. This method may poll for completion. Polling can be canceled by passing the cancel channel
// argument. The channel will be used to cancel polling and any outstanding HTTP requests.
//
// resourceGroupName is the name of the resource group. virtualNetworkGatewayName is the name of the virtual network
// gateway.
func (client VirtualNetworkGatewaysClient) GetLearnedRoutes(resourceGroupName string, virtualNetworkGatewayName string, cancel <-chan struct{}) (<-chan GatewayRouteListResult, <-chan error) {
	resultChan := make(chan GatewayRouteListResult, 1)
	errChan := make(chan error, 1)
	go func() {
		var err error
		var result GatewayRouteListResult
		defer func() {
			if err != nil {
				errChan <- err
			}
			resultChan <- result
			close(resultChan)
			close(errChan)
		}()
		req, err := client.GetLearnedRoutesPreparer(resourceGroupName, virtualNetworkGatewayName, cancel)
		if err != nil {
			err = autorest.NewErrorWithError(err, "network.VirtualNetworkGatewaysClient", "GetLearnedRoutes", nil, "Failure preparing request")
			return
		}

		resp, err := client.GetLearnedRoutesSender(req)
		if err != nil {
			result.Response = autorest.Response{Response: resp}
			err = autorest.NewErrorWithError(err, "network.VirtualNetworkGatewaysClient", "GetLearnedRoutes", resp, "Failure sending


request")
			return
		}

		result, err = client.GetLearnedRoutesResponder(resp)
		if err != nil {
			err = autorest.NewErrorWithError(err, "network.VirtualNetworkGatewaysClient", "GetLearnedRoutes", resp, "Failure responding to request")
		}
	}()
	return resultChan, errChan
}

// GetLearnedRoutesPreparer prepares the GetLearnedRoutes request.
func (client VirtualNetworkGatewaysClient) GetLearnedRoutesPreparer(resourceGroupName string, virtualNetworkGatewayName string, cancel <-chan struct{}) (*http.Request, error) {
	pathParameters := map[string]interface{}{
		"resourceGroupName":         autorest.Encode("path", resourceGroupName),
		"subscriptionId":            autorest.Encode("path", client.SubscriptionID),
		"virtualNetworkGatewayName": autorest.Encode("path", virtualNetworkGatewayName),
	}

	const APIVersion = "2017-09-01"
	queryParameters := map[string]interface{}{
		"api-version": APIVersion,
	}

	preparer := autorest.CreatePreparer(
		autorest.AsPost(),
		autorest.WithBaseURL(client.BaseURI),
		autorest.WithPathParameters("/subscriptions/{subscriptionId}/resourceGroups/{resourceGroupName}/providers/Microsoft.Network/virtualNetworkGateways/{virtualNetworkGatewayName}/getLearnedRoutes", pathParameters),
		autorest.WithQueryParameters(queryParameters))
	return preparer.Prepare(&http.Request{Cancel: cancel})
}

// GetLearnedRoutesSender sends the GetLearnedRoutes request. The method will close the
// http.Response Body if it receives an error.
func (client VirtualNetworkGatewaysClient) GetLearnedRoutesSender(req *http.Request) (*http.Response, error) {
	return autorest.SendWithSender(client,
		req,
		azure.DoRetryWithRegistration(client.Client),
		azure.DoPollForAsynchronous(client.PollingDelay))
}

// GetLearnedRoutesResponder handles the response to the GetLearnedRoutes request. The method always
// closes the http.Response Body.
func (client VirtualNetworkGatewaysClient) GetLearnedRoutesResponder(resp *http.Response) (result GatewayRouteListResult, err error) {
	err = autorest.Respond(
		resp,
		client.ByInspecting(),
		azure.WithErrorUnlessStatusCode(http.StatusOK, http.StatusAccepted),
		autorest.ByUnmarshallingJSON(&result),
		autorest.ByClosing())
	result.Response = autorest.Response{Response:gatewayVip string, cancel <-chan struct{}) (*http.Request, error) {
	pathParameters := map[string]interface{}{
		"resourceGroupName":         autorest.Encode("path", resourceGroupName),
		"subscriptionId":            autorest.Encode("path", client.SubscriptionID),
		"virtualNetworkGatewayName": autorest.Encode("path", virtualNetworkGatewayName),
	}

	const APIVersion = "2017-09-01"
	queryParameters := map[string]interface{}{
		"api-version": APIVersion,
	}
	if len(gatewayVip) > 0 {
		queryParameters["gatewayVip"] = autorest.Encode("query", gatewayVip)
	}

	preparer := autorest.CreatePreparer(
		autorest.AsPost(),
		autorest.WithBaseURL(client.BaseURI),
		autorest.WithPathParameters("/subscriptions/{subscriptionId}/resourceGroups/{resourceGroupName}/providers/Microsoft.Network/virtualNetworkGateways/{virtualNetworkGatewayName}/reset", pathParameters),
		autorest.WithQueryParameters(queryParameters))
	return preparer.Prepare(&http.Request{Cancel: cancel})
}

// ResetSender sends the Reset request. The method will close the
// http.Response Body if it receives an error.
func (client VirtualNetworkGatewaysClient) ResetSender(req *http.Request) (*http.Response, error) {
	return autorest.SendWithSender(client,
		req,
		azure.DoRetryWithRegistration(client.Client),
		azure.DoPollForAsynchronous(client.PollingDelay))
}

// ResetResponder handles the response to the Reset request. The method always
// closes the http.Response Body.
func (client VirtualNetworkGatewaysClient) ResetResponder(resp *http.Response) (result VirtualNetworkGateway, err error) {
	err = autorest.Respond(
		resp,
		client.ByInspecting(),
		azure.WithErrorUnlessStatusCode(http.StatusAccepted, http.StatusOK),
		autorest.ByUnmarshallingJSON(&result),
		autorest.ByClosing())
	result.Response = autorest.Response{Response: resp}
	return
}

// SupportedVpnDevices gets a xml format representation for supported vpn devices.
//
// resourceGroupName is the name of the resource group. virtualNetworkGatewayName is


+ -2?
11
Let y = -21042 + 29922. List the prime factors of y.
2, 3, 5, 37
Suppose -2*f + 432111 = 5*a, 4*a + 40*f - 38*f = 345690. What are the prime factors of a?
3, 28807
Let z(f) = 15*f**2 - 133*f - 1835. List the prime factors of z(-16).
4133
Let k be (-16)/3 - (-1)/3. Let r(b) = 5*b**2 + 3*b**3 - b**3 - b**3 - 6 + 5*b**2. What are the prime factors of r(k)?
7, 17
Let s(z) = z**2 - 5*z + 7. Let f be s(4). Suppose -4*t = f*m + 6, 0 = 2*t - t - 3*m - 6. Suppose t = 3*k - 5*k + 122. List the prime factors of k.
61
Suppose -y + 64500 = s, y + 2*s = 85363 - 20855.TRAIL-induced apoptosis due to the acquired or inherent resistance[@b23]. The resistance of cancer cells has been attributed to dysfunction of different steps in TRAIL-induced apoptosis pathway or elevation of survival signals[@b24]. Studies have indicated that the resistance appeared to be mediated by the following factors: mutation, modification and location of death receptors; increased expression of caspase inhibitors such as c-FLIP, X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein (XIAP), cellular inhibitor of apoptosis protein (cIAP) and surviving; or increased expression of Bcl-2 protein family, including Bcl-2 and Bcl-X~L~[@b25][@b26][@b27]. The activation of other survival pathways, including AKT and NF-κB pathways, also leads to cell survival and chemoresistance[@b28]. However, the resistant mechanisms are not fully understood now. Studies on intracellular mechanisms that mediate the resistance of TRAIL-induced apoptosis may help develop TRAIL-based approaches


and TP8, A549 cells were incubated with PBS or the aforementioned proteins for 6 hours. Consistent with cell viability results, only TP8 induced robust apoptosis of A549 cells, whereas Annexin V, TRAIL or Annexin V + TRAIL were ineffective ([Figure 3A](#f3){ref-type="fig"}). To confirm these results, we investigated the changes of cellular morphology. A549 cells, treated with PBS, Annexin V, TRAIL, Annexin V + TRAIL or TP8, were examined by TEM. Only the cells treated with TP8 exhibited apoptotic morphology ([Figure 3B](#f3){ref-type="fig"}).

To assess whether or not TP8 affects the long-term growth of A549 cells, we examined the colony formation of cells treated with PBS, Annexin V, TRAIL, Annexin V + TRAIL or TP8. The results showed that the colony growth of A549 cells was obviously reduced only when TP8 wasTRAIL is expressed continuously after intratumor injection of Ad5-TRAIL and it\'s not necessary to be administered repeatedly. However, intratumor injection is not a convenient and conventional tumor therapy approach, and intratumor-injected Ad5-TRAIL is unlikely to travel to other parts of the body, so it\'s less effective to eliminate metastasis. Agonistic anti-TRAIL-receptor antibodies, with the half-life of approximately 14--21 days, were developed to overcome the resistance caused by expression of TRAIL-R3/TRAIL-R4[@b40]. Nevertheless, each antibody is specific to one death receptor and the expression of death receptors varies among tumor cells. Therefore, individualized detection of expressed death receptor impedes effective treatment with agonistic anti-TRAIL receptor antibodies. Compared with TRAIL, TP8 induced substantial apoptosis rapidly after administration, indicating that less TP8 protein was needed to achieve the same antitumor effects. Compared


were incubated with TP8 for 6 hours at the concentrations indicated. (C) Antitumor effect comparisons of TRAIL, RGD-TRAIL and TP8 toward A549 cells. TP8 induced intensive apoptosis of (D) Colo-205, (E) MDA-MB-231 and (F) A549 cells more rapidly than TRAIL. Columns, means of three independent experiments; bars ± SD.](srep03565-f2){#f2}

![The *in vitro* cytotoxicity of TP8 towards A549 cells and 293 T cells.\
(A) A549 cells were treated with 10.74 nM Annexin V, TRAIL, Annexin V + TRAIL or TP8 for 6 hours and cell death was analyzed using flow cytometer. (B) TEM images for A549 cells morphology after treatment with 10.74 nM Annexin V, TRAIL, Annexin V + TRAIL or TP8 for 6 hours. (C) Colony-forming assay for A549 cells after treatment with 1.79 nM Annexin V, TRAIL, Annexin V + TRAIL or TP8 for indicated time.colour match.

Most of the time this works well and is a real time saver, however, sometimes a colour needs to be adjusted after the reading and that’s where a colour match specialist is a big help. The specialist will see whether that colour needs to be darkened or lightened, needs to be redder or more yellow, for example, and they will make the appropriate adjustments.

Sometimes people bring in photographs and magazine pages as their sample and although this may be a good place to start, it won’t produce a good match. Photographs and computer screens cannot display the same number of colours as the human eye can see so the colours will never be precise.

Pictured is a page from a magazine with the exact colour chip placed on


photography reference

VSO Image resizer organizes your photos by shrinking their resolution or moving them within your hard drive. It is the perfect tool for those who store their digital pictures and images on their PC and who want to resize, compress, convert, create copies, import or organize photos. With this freeware, you can create e-mail friendly versions of your images, load them faster, move them easily from folder to folder, change their format, edit large numbers of image files and thus save space on your hard drive. Read the rest of this entry »

Related Photography Ideas for VSO at OneSlidePhotography.com

Now, most smart phones are equipped with video recording feature and the quality it produces can match that of a camcorder. Most anyone can record a video and uploadnotification to the Congress, the DSCA said this proposed sale will contribute to the foreign policy and national security of the United States, by helping to improve the security of a friendly country which has been, and continues to be, an important force for political stability and economic progress in South Asia.

The Indian Government, it said, intends to use these defence articles and services to modernise its armed forces. "This will contribute to the Indian military's goal to update its capability while enhancing the relationship between India and the United States," DSCA said."The proposed sale of this equipment and support will not alter the basic military balance in the region," the DSCA said.


Introduction {#s1}
============

Suicide ranks among the leading causes of death worldwide ([@bib91]). In the US alone, suicide increased by nearly 30 percent between 2000 and 2016 ([@bib91]; [@bib28]). For every death by suicide, it is estimated that there are 25 additional suicide attempts ([@bib28]), each associated with significant social, emotional, and financial consequences. Experts have strived to understand and prevent death by suicide for decades, and yet, our current scientific grasp of the factors that contribute to suicidal behavior is lacking. Moreover, epidemiological data suggest that we are no better at preventing death by suicide than we were 100 years ago ([@bib28]; [@bib82]; [@bib31]; [@bib53]), with suicide rates rising despite the application of prevention and intervention efforts ([@bib42]; [@bib55]; [@bib60]).

Theoretical models of suicide have invoked the concept of 'suicidalcapacity' to differentiate the small subset of individuals who attempt suicide from the much larger group of individuals who experience suicidal ideation but never resort to suicidal action ([@bib67]; [@bib78]). A basic tenet of this concept is the notion that most human beings are 'hard-wired' for survival and thus driven to avoid physical pain and threats to bodily homeostasis. Psychological theories of suicide suggest that in an individual with heightened suicidal capacity, certain dispositional ([@bib38]) and acquired ([@bib85]; [@bib84]) traits result in a lower aversion to physical threat and a higher likelihood of transitioning from suicidal ideation to action. Consistent with this line of thinking, non-suicidal self-injury ([@bib37]; [@bib23]) and high levels of fearlessness of the pain involved in dying ([@bib46]) are behavioral and clinical factors that have


(p = 0.63), task difficulty (p = 0.48), or effort expended during the breath-hold (p = 0.27) relative to non-attempters ([Figure 1---figure supplement 1](#fig1s1){ref-type="fig"} ).

Cold-pressor challenge {#s2-3}
----------------------

We found that the cold-pressor challenge elicited increased pain ratings over time in both groups (F(3,276.16) = 86.78, p \< 0.001, *R^2^* = 0.589). However, this effect was qualified by a significant interaction between timepoint and group (F(3,277.39) = 2.89, p = 0.036, *R^2^* = 0.030). On closer examination of the LME fixed effects, we observed that suicide attempters kept their hands submerged in the cold water for significantly longer than non-attempters after reaching their peak pain level (*t*(278.56) = 2.78, p = 0.006, β = 0.13), without any significant differences in the amount of time taken to reach mild, moderate, and peak pain levels ([Figure 2](#fig2){ref-type="fig"}). Overall, suicide attempters kept their hands submerged in the icy water for approximately 18 s longer thanability to accurately detect signals from their bodies. To extend this line of thought, it is also possible that difficulty distinguishing signal from noise manifests as a reduced ability to adaptively detect homeostatically-relevant signals (e.g. those related to pain and/or suffocation, as in the cold-pressor and breath-hold tasks), which could help to explain the group differences in homeostatic threat response observed in the current study. However, these notions remain tentative until further research can replicate and extend the findings across other measures of response to aversive and/or painful interoceptive stimuli.

We found that suicide attempters exhibited reduced activation within cortical midline structures during cardiac interoceptive attention (i.e. dorsomedial prefrontal cortex, posterior cingulate, and precuneus) that have been previously implicated as core brain regions underlying human self-referential processing ([@bib57]; [@bib56];


of demographic, clinical, behavioral, and physiological data using the R base statistical software package version 3.5.1 ([@bib66]). The 'TableOne' package (version 0.9.3; [@bib92]) was used to display summaries of clinical characteristics between groups. LME analyses were conducted using the 'lmerTest' package version 3.1.1 ([@bib40]). A marginal ANOVA was used on each LME model to examine *F-*tests for interactions and main effects. In the event of significant interactions, the summaries of LME fixed effects were examined to clarify which factors were driving the effect. The Kenward-Roger approximation of degrees of freedom was used for all LME analyses. R-squared estimates for fixed-effects were computed using the 'r2glmm' package in R ([@bib29]) as described in [@bib20]. Tables depicting model output were generated using the 'sjPlot' package (version 2.6.2; [@bib44]) and figureslonger than ideators after reaching peak pain (t(259.9)=−3.39, p \< 0.001, β = −0.21), but not significantly longer than non-ideators (t(92) = −1.80, p = 0.08. β = −0.11) after reaching peak pain.

Discussion of suicidal ideation {#s13-5}
-------------------------------

After re-examining the data to evaluate the influence of suicidal ideation, the overall pattern of results suggests that our primary findings are likely attributed to suicidal behavior, not the effects of suicidal ideation. When intensity of suicidal ideation was included as a covariate, the group differences we previously reported were unchanged across all tasks. Additionally, when we analyzed differences between attempters, ideators, and non-ideators, we found that that the suicide attempters, relative to ideators and non-ideators, exhibited heightened pain tolerance in the cold-pressor challenge, reduced heartbeat perception accuracy, and reduced activation of the mid and posterior insula during


of the LME summary tables to the revised manuscript supporting information section (Supplementary Files 1-3).

We have rewritten our Materials and methods and Results section with clearer language describing our analyses. Please note that in the Results section of the updated manuscript we have followed *eLife*'s guidelines to use an active voice and more engaging style. Additionally, we provide the following statement that describes our overall statistical approach (in addition to more specific details provided throughout the Materials and methods and Results section for each model):

"A marginal analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used on each LME model to examine F-tests for interactions and main effects. In the event of significant interactions, the summaries of LME fixed effects were examined to clarify which factors were driving the effect. The Kenward-Rogerthe full sample of 500 individuals, rather than a subsample of suicide attempters and matched non-attempters.

\[Editors\' note: we also include below the reviews that the authors received from another journal prior to submission to eLife, along with the authors' responses.\]

Reviewer \#1:

> Comments to authors:
>
> The manuscript "Diminished responses to bodily threat and blunted cardiac interoception in suicide Attempters\" is an excellent, novel, and well-written contribution that reports physiological and self-report data that is in line with theories suggesting that suicide may root in blunted interoceptive processing or in other words increased tolerance to (impending) physiological damage. This is currently the most comprehensive study on this topic. Being a sub-study of a larger study has allowed recruiting a particularly well described sample and has offered the opportunity for individual


visceral and somatic pain processing via different neuroanatomical pathways, it would be helpful to evaluate the degree to which altered pain responding was directly driven by differences in nociception per se as opposed to indirectly modulated by differences in interoceptive processing (Pollatos et al., 2012)."

> 2\) Previous authors have shown/ not shown an association between interception and personality features particularly emotionally unstable PD \[2\]. Do personality features mediate moderate link between interoception and suicidality in this cohort where personality measures were recorded?
>
> \[2\] Hart N, McGowan J, Minati L, Critchley HD. Emotional regulation and bodily sensation: interoceptive awareness is intact in borderline personality disorder. J Personal Disord. 2013;27(4):506-18.
>
> \[3\] Müller LE, Schulz A, Andermann M, Gäbel A, Gescher DM, Spohn A, et al. Cortical representation of afferent bodilyY Selar Awards

The Y Selar Awards () are awarded annually for the best Welsh language rock and pop music, by the Welsh language music magazine, Y Selar. The awards ceremony is the only one particularly for Welsh language music.

Background
The awards were first given out in 2010, in ten categories, with voting taking place via the Y Selar website, until the publication date of the March issue of the magazine.

Every February since 2014 the awards event has taken place at a 'live' event at Aberystwyth University, initially in front of an audience of 500, increasing to 700 in 2015. The organisers claimed an audience of 1000 in February 2016.

Nominations are invited until December each year, for the twelve categories, from which a long list is chosen by the awards


[Hemostatic system parameters in patients with chronic renal insufficiency and arteriovenous fistula thrombosis].
Functional disturbances among different tissues and organic systems are associated with chronic renal failure. The most common problems following the disturbances in complex hemostatic changes in uremic patients are prolonged bleeding time ant the increased thrombosis tendency. As the patients vascular access is critical to the treatment of the chronic haemodialysis patient, we performed an investigation of causes of repeated vascular access thrombosis with purpose of detecting any consistent abnormality of the haemostatic system. Research has been conducted on a group of 29 patients (14 males and 15 females), age 21 to 61 (x = 45), on regular haemodialysis from 1 to 6 years (x = 2.2); 23 of them having one episode of thrombosis ofone of the most popular and least understood books ... seems like cryptic and puzzling descriptions that have baffled scholars for centuries. Many have ...

(Date:10/13/2017)... ... 2017 , ... “America On The Brink”: the Christian history of the United ... the creation of published author, William Nowers. Captain Nowers and his wife, Millie, ... spent thirty years in the Navy. Following his career as a naval aviator ...

(Date:10/2/2017)... 2, 2017 Diplomat Pharmacy, Inc. (NYSE: ... and Consulting, LLC , and named its founder as ... in Tennessee , will operate under ... EnvoyHealth,s service offerings for health care partners to include ... "In an interoperable world, technology delivers ...

(Date:10/2/2017)... 2017 The Rebound mobile app is poised to ... the tide of prescription drug addiction. The app empowers users


... and stepping down their dosage in a safe, controlled manner ... 2017; the first 100,000 people to sign up will enjoy ... ...

(Date:9/27/2017)... , Sept. 27, 2017 DarioHealth Corp. (NASDAQ: DRIO), a leading global ... that its MyDario product is expected to appear on The Dr. Oz ... Dr. Oz Show airs in your area: http://www.doctoroz.com/page/where-watch-dr-oz-show ... The nine-time Emmy award-winning, The Dr. Oz Show kicked ... The segment features ...a spirit reproducing process.
U.S. Pat. No. 3,491,116, issued Jan. 20, 1970 discloses in most pertinent part a series of normally colorless phthalides ##STR6## wherein R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 comprise alkyl radicals having from one to five carbon atoms, aryl radicals and hydrogen; and R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 comprise alkyl radicals having from one to five carbon atoms and hydrogen.
U.S. Pat. No. 3,509,173, issued Apr. 28, 1970 discloses in most pertinent part a series of normally colorless phthalides ##STR7## wherein R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 consist of alkyl radicals having fewer than five carbon atoms, phenyl radicals and hydrogen.
U.S. Pat. No. 3,509,174, issued Apr. 28, 1970, discloses 1,2-dimethyl-3-(2-carboxybenzoyl)indole which is stated to be an intermediate to a series of 3,3-bis(3-indolyl)phthalides useful as color formers in pressure-sensitive copying paper.


spent most of his time in Constantinople.

Patriarchate

In 1354, Philotheus was appointed Patriarch of Constantinople by John VI. In 1355, after John V Palaiologos obtained the abdication of John VI and forced him into a monastery under the name Joseph Christodoulus, he then forced the deposition of Patr. Philotheus.

In 1364, Callistus stepped aside and helped restore Philotheus to the patriarchal throne. In 1376, Patr. Philotheus was deposed by Emperor Andronikos IV Palaiologos, when the latter ascended to the imperial throne. Philotheus reposed in exile in 1379.

In 1354. the Ottoman Empire gained a foothold in Europe, at Gallipoli, threatening Constantinople from a new side. Threatened anew, John V appealed to the West for help in defending Constantinople against the Turks, proposing, in return, to end the East–West Schism between ConstantinopleExperts say the answer is simple: money.

It costs about $3 million per mile to convert underground electric distribution lines

It would take more than 1,000 years to bury all the lines at the current rate

Why can't California's fire-prone power lines be buried underground, out of harm's way?

That was the question many were asking this week as hundreds of thousands of customers lost power in the Sacramento and San Francisco areas in preemptive shutoffs by Pacific Gas & Electric. Further south, another 200,000 customers of other utilities faced warnings that they too could lose power due to high winds.

Experts say the answer is simple: money.

"It's very, very expensive," said Severin Borenstein, a UC Berkeley professor of business administration and public policy who specializes in energy. Borenstein was speaking through the


pockets, so ratepayers would have to pitch in, and people don't want to pay for that."

PG&E is not flush with cash: The investor-owned utility filed for bankruptcy in January, facing $11 billion in liabilities related to wildfires. This week, the company's shares tumbled after a federal bankruptcy judge ruled that the utility no longer had the sole right to shape the terms of its reorganization.

Background:California power outages aim to reduce risk of wildfires caused by dry and windy weather

Watch:Power cuts affect many across Northern California

Underground costs can vary depending on trenching and paving. If gas and telephone utilities share costs with electric companies, conversion costs can come down, but it all comes out of the customer's pocket eventually.

A report prepared by the Edison Electric Institute, “Out of Sight,               assault, and that’s when the Restraining Order came in too.

(Tr. 38-39.) Boone then stated that he appeared in Cleveland Heights for a preliminary hearing

for the “assault and domestic violence charge for the felony.” (Tr. 39.) After viewing a

document identified as Defendant’s Exhibit A, Boone elaborated on his December 1, 2015 felony

appearance. “That’s my preliminary hearing and it got dismissed.” (Tr. 40.) “That’s a notice

that I came to court” on December 1, 2015 at 3:00 p.m. and “[t]hey dismissed the charges. My

attorney told me I was good to go to get my daughter, to go get my daughter now.” (Tr. 40.)

       {¶12}    “I texted” T.W.


Childhood asthma and indoor woodsmoke from cooking in Guatemala.
We estimated the prevalence and severity of asthma, and the association with cooking on open wood fires, as preparation for a large-scale randomized field trial on effects of indoor air pollution and child health. This is one of the first systematic studies of asthma and indoor wood-smoke pollution and to our knowledge the first asthma study in a purely indigeneous population in Latin America. The mothers of 1058 children aged 4-6 years were interviewed, using the standardized ISAAC (International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood) procedures and questionnaire. The study population is a Mam-speaking (Maya), indigenous group living at relatively high altitude (2000 m) in Western Guatemalan Highlands. We found that asthma prevalence is low among indigenous children inGrowth President Chris Chocola published an op-ed in Cantor’s hometown newspaper aimed squarely at the majority leader.

“The reauthorization of the Export-Import Bank is a case study in Washington bureaucrats picking winners and losers and interfering with the free market. It’s corporate welfare that is hurting economic growth and costing our nation jobs in one of the most stagnant economies in American history,” Chocola wrote in the Richmond Times-Dispatch on April 8.

The Export-Import Bank is Cantor’s latest bipartisan endeavor. He spearheaded an effort in February to ban congressional insider trading. That bill passed the House, 417-2. And last month, Cantor accepted an invitation from the White House to attend the signing ceremony for a jobs bill the Virginia Republican shepherded through the lower chamber.

Club For Growth spokesman Barney Keller


a member of the House GOP leadership team said, “You know, most of us came here to get something done. It’s a good feeling when things get done. Habits are a difficult thing to change and when you begin to set a different pattern of habits — people working together, focusing on a common outcome — softening the edges, it’s actually a good habit to get started.”

Cantor conceded that the task has not been an easy one but, as legislators have been sent to Congress to legislate, he intends to keep trying.

“I think all of us are trying to drive towards results and the way that you drive towards results is, especially in an election year where everything is super political and heated, that you really work hardto desert, survival was difficult. At this time Homo sapiens probably numbered no more than a few thousand. Luckily, at about the same time the Nile was low, a freshwater lake appeared in the Fayoum area (southwest of Cairo), and settlements grew up along its shores. Pottery was developed, and the Egyptians began farming and raising cattle. The history of Egypt is so closely associated with the Nile that to understand the civilization, one must understand something about the river. The Nile is the longest river in the world. Its main branch, called the White Nile, flows north from Lake Victoria in east-central Africa 3,470 miles to the Mediterranean Sea on Egypt’s northern border. Starting in Ethiopia, another river, called the Blue Nile, joins the White Nile at


across a cloudless, jewel-like sky, and descended into a fireball of colors over the western horizon, as constant and predictable as the Nile. The sun god Re was one of Egypt’s most ancient deities. The Nile was the heart and life of the country, and although Egypt was vast, most of the population lived near the banks of the river. Their lives revolved around the Nile, and the seasons of the year were determined by it. Our 365-day calendar comes from the Egyptians, but they counted only three seasons: 1) inundation, when the Nile overflowed its banks and flooded the land; 2) emergence, when the waters receded; 3) summer, the dry season. Each season had four months of 30 days each. At the end of the year, fiveleft wear the white crown of Upper Egypt. In the second hall, the four pillars are decorated with religious scenes—the king in the company of the gods: Anubis, Satis, Min, Mut, Wadjet, Amun-Re, Hathor, Montu, and several manifestations of Horus. On the entrance to the vestibule the king makes offerings of wine, incense, bread, and flowers to the gods. The vestibule leads to the sanctuary, where statues of the gods are cut into the rock. From left to right are Ptah, Amun-Re, Ramses II (as a god), and Re-Horakhty. The image of Ramses is the same size as those of the gods, suggesting he is the equal of the gods he is honoring. The holy of holies at Abu Simbel is oriented so that on February 21 (Ramses’s


with an Eye of Horus or a scarab for protection. Aegis is the Greek word for shield. Chapter 158 of the Book of the Dead men-

;

Air, goD of See Shu.

Z

Aker One of the early lion gods in Egyptian mythology, Aker, the god of land, is represented by two lions seated back to back or two lions supporting the symbol for the horizon with the sun rising. The two lions symbolize the sun setting in the west and the sun rising in the east. Because of this, Aker is viewed as an ally of Re, when Re makes his nightly journey through the Underworld. Aker is mentioned in the Pyramid Texts as the earth god who guards the gates to the Underworld. In the Book of the Dead, hechanged his name from Amenhotep IV to Akhenaten, meaning “Aten is on the horizon.” He then raised the little-known god, the Aten, meaning “disk of the sun,” to supreme god in the religion. Akhenaten was the son of Amenhotep III, a pleasure-loving king who devoted his life to building

AkhEt
the new god was. He began building temples to the Aten next to the temple of the traditional god, Amun, at Karnak Temple, a group of religious buildings in Thebes. The Aten was unlike any god the people had ever worshipped. Represented as a sun disk with rays of light reaching down and ending in hands holding an ankh (the sign of life) and was scepter (the sign of power), it bestowed light and warmth upon the king and his


recruit men for the pharaoh’s army and to supervise monumental building projects. He earned the title “chief architect of all the king’s building projects.” As Amenhotep III’s most trusted official, Amenhotep-son-of-Hapu was depicted, along with the king, on the wall of the great temple at Soleb in southern Nubia. A man of many talents, Amenhotep-son-of-Hapu became manager of the vast estates of the royal family and was rewarded with his own mortuary temple on the West Bank at Thebes. He was enormously popular among the people, and his mortuary temple soon became the center for his growing cult. A copy of a royal decree from the Twenty-first Dynasty grants permission for the construction of his temple, the only nonroyal temple to be built among the royal monuments onnext world.

Amenti

Ament

One of the many names for the goddess Isis. Isis was called Ament, “the Hidden One,” when she assisted the souls of the dead as they passed from this world to the Netherworld.

Amentet

(also ament, amentit, imentet) A goddess of the dead, Amentet is the personification of the west, the home of the deceased. Amentet, a compassionate companion, helps the souls of the dead journey to their dwelling place in the Netherworld. From her home in the branches of a tree at the edge of the desert, Amentet watched for the souls as they approached the entrance to the Netherworld, or next world. Its location was believed to be in the western desert. Amentet offered bread and water to the weary souls, and if they accepted her hospitality,


to keep them safe and healthy, and parents placed amulets around their children’s necks to ward off evil spirits and protect them from scorpions, snakes, and crocodiles.

AMulEt

Amulets came in many sizes, shapes, and colors. Some were faience like these, but others were carved from stone. (Photograph by Pat Remler)

Amulets, made in hundreds of different shapes, were believed to have many different powers. Some amulets were purely protective, and their power came from the gods. If you wore a small cat amulet around your neck, for example, then the cat goddess, Bastet, protected you. The Egyptians believed that some amulets not only kept them safe but also gave the wearer special powers: If you wore a lion amulet, you would be brave, a bull amulet would give you strength,Astarte was also a powerful war goddess, and her reputation as a terrible and destructive force in war earned her the respect and worship of Egyptian kings. Astarte was adopted into the Egyptian pantheon during the New Kingdom, and chapels were built for her in Thebes and Tanis. In Egyptian mythology, she was the wife of Set, who resembled the Canaanite god Baal. Associated with horses and chariots in Egypt, Ashtoreth/Astarte was often shown driving her chariot or riding her horse and wearing the Egyptian atef crown with tall plumes and bulls’ horns. She was the guardian of the pharaoh’s chariot, and during the reign of Ramses the Great (1279–1213 b.c.), Astarte was called “Mistress of the Horse and Chariot.” Her cult centers flourished under Ramses’s reign. Worship


was off about 10 days. During the New Kingdom (1550–1069 b.c.), the decans or stars decorated tomb ceilings, notably the tombs of Senenmut and Ramses IV in the Valley of the Kings and in the Osireion of Seti I at Abydos. These astronomical ceilings were inscribed with texts relating the decan’s journey through the Underworld. Jupiter was named “Horus Who Limits the Two Lands”; Mars, “Horus of the Horizon,” or “Horus the Red”; Mercury, “Sebegu,” a god associated with Set; Saturn, “Horus Bull of the Sky”; and Venus, “One Who Crosses” or “God of the Morning.” The night sky was divided into “northern sky,” which held the big dipper, called “Meskhet,” and “southern sky,” which held Sirius, called Sopdet and Orion, whom the Egyptians called “the Guardian ofthe waters of chaos, onto the primeval mound before heaven and earth were separated. From his semen Atum created the first gods on land, Shu (air) and Tefnut (moisture). They in turn produced Geb (earth) and Nut (sky), whose children were Osiris and Isis (who were brother and sister and also husband and wife) and Set and Nephthys (who were also brother and sister and husband and wife). These first nine deities formed the Heliopolitan Ennead, a family of gods. Atum was not only the creator god but also a protector and a guardian of the pharaoh, and one of his titles was “Father of the King of Egypt.” In the Old Kingdom (2686–2181 b.c.), it was Atum who

AvAriS

Greek name for the cult center of the god Set,


serpents, guardians of the gates, who assist the sun god during his journey, and by an “unquenchable fire” that will consume the enemies of Osiris. Early Christian descriptions of hell may have been derived from this theme. In the Book of Gates, Re appears with a man’s body and a ram’s head when he approaches the first gate of the Duat. Each of the 12 hours of the night has a gate that is guarded by a particular serpent. Re must pass through the gate of each hour and overcome the perils of that hour before he can advance to the next gate. The following is a brief description of what is found during each hour of the night.
First Hour The first gate is called “He whose Nameor Twenty-sixth Dynasty (664–525 b.c.), called the Saite Recension, are the most common. In each case, the names of gates and the gods differ somewhat. An example of the text can be found on the alabaster sarcophagus of Seti I, now on display in the Sir John Soane’s Museum in Lincoln’s Inn Fields in London.

book of hIDDEn chAMbErs

book

of

hiDDen chAmberS

See Amduat.

book of night Similar to its counterpart the Book of the Day, the Book of Night also appeared in the Nineteenth Dynasty. It is a detailed account of the nightly journey of the sun through the body of Nut, the sky goddess, in order to be reborn at the dawn of each day. book of the DAy Taken from a group of writings composed in the Nineteenth Dynasty, the


Scribes filled papyrus rolls with spells for protection as well as instructions on how to behave and how to make the body work again in the next world. Generally, the Book of the Dead had four sections: (1) how to protect the body in the tomb; (2) how to make the journey to the Netherworld; (3) how to pass the judgment of the gods; (4) how to exist in the next world, after having been accepted by the gods. About 200 different spells or chapters appear in the Book of the Dead, but they appear in no fixed order. Books written in the north or the south of Egypt had a particular style. The actual title of the Book of the Dead is “The going forth by day,”taken away from him . . .

well into the period of Greek occupation of Egypt. The texts themselves remained virtually unchanged for more than a thousand years. No doubt many who purchased copies of the Book of the Dead could not read them, but that was not of great concern. Having the magical words that would guide them safely to the Netherworld was the important thing.

When the Book of the Dead first appeared in the New Kingdom, it was considered essential to anyone seeking immortality by resurrecting in the Netherworld. This belief in the Book of the Dead continued

of the Divine cow A group of spells and incantations intended to protect the body of the king originating during the Amarna period (1352–1336 b.c.). The Book of the Divine


to help the deceased reach the Netherworld. Because the spells were written on the surface of the coffin, space was limited, and frequently words or entire passages were omitted, which made the spells difficult to translate. There are more than a thousand coffin spells, but many are repetitious. Frequently they refer to magic or the magician’s power. There are two kinds of magic mentioned in the Coffin Texts: negative and positive. In the negative group, the spells assure the deceased that those who might work malicious magic on him will not harm him. These spells say things like “I will not listen to magic” or “my soul shall not be seized by magic.” In addition to worrying about “bad magic,” there was also the fear that the deceased’sonto the temple, enhancing the shape of the eyes. Originally the favored color was green, thought to have health-giving and magical properties, but black gained popularity at the end of the Eighteenth Dynasty. The composition of both colors is known: ground malachite produced green, and ground galena (lead sulfide) produced black to silvery-gray powder that was mixed with fat to form a thin paste and stored in cosmetic jars. Small wands of wood, ivory, or bone were dipped into the jars and used to apply the eyeliner. Women colored their lips with a brush dipped into a paste of red ochre and fat. Although scholars are not certain, the red lips on some male statues may indicate that men painted their lips as well. Red ochre was also


During the Opet festival in Thebes, the god Amun and statues of his family traveled from Karnak Temple to Luxor Temple, a distance of about two miles, and stayed for about three weeks. Other important festivals were the Festival of the New Year, the Festival of Osiris at Abydos, the Festival of Bastet at Bubastis, the Festival of Hathor at Dendera, the Festival of Horus at Edfu, and the Beautiful Festival of the Valley, when Amun-Re journeyed

curSe of tutAnkhAmen The ancient Egyptians never seem to have placed curses on their tombs, but after Tutankhamen’s tomb was opened in 1922, a rumor spread that his tomb was cursed. Supposedly a tablet was found in the tomb with the inscription: “Death will slay with his wings whoever disturbs the peacewas the Delta. The original gods of the Ennead lived on Earth, and during this mythological time, many of the gods’ struggles took place in the Delta. It was here that a version of the Isis and Osiris myth called the Delta Cycle evolved. Mythology tells us that after the death of Osiris, Isis was held captive by her evil brother Set. When she managed to escape, Isis hid in the papyrus marshes in the Delta, where she gave birth to Osiris’s child. Although their son, Horus (the falcon god), was destined to grow up and defeat his uncle Set, the infant Horus lived in great danger. In spite of the many sympathetic gods who watched over the baby, Horus was bitten by a scorpion. His mother’s cries


ruins of ancient Tanis, believed by many to be the biblical city of Pi-Ramses. The modern town of Tanta is the site of ancient Sais, the capital of Egypt in the Twenty-sixth Dynasty and the cult center for the goddess Neith. Nearby are the ruins of Nacratus, an ancient Greek city, and Buto, the cult center of Edjo, the cobra goddess of Lower Egypt.

Another kind of demon was associated with Sekhmet, the lion-headed goddess; when she was in her fierce and corrupt mood, she could unleash demons of all kinds. The Smith Surgical Papyrus (see medicine, gods of) mentions Sekhmet and malicious gods and demons as the cause of an epidemic that apparently afflicted the Egyptians every year. One magical spell suggested that these demons of disease rodepetition when justice is not served, he says, “I have pleaded my case with you and you have not listened. I shall go and plead about you to Anubis!” (god of the cemetery and embalming). Since the officials will not grant him justice, the peasant asks a god to intervene on his behalf. As the unhappy peasant walks away, the steward Rensi has a change of heart—perhaps the

EucrAtEs

gods have intervened. Calling for the peasant to come back, he tells him not to be afraid. The steward Rensi calls for the petitions and reads them aloud before the king, who praises the eloquence of the peasant and orders his donkey and goods restored.

eucrAteS

elySiAn fielDS The Greek name for the Egyptian mythological site sekhet-aaru, or the Field of Reeds. In


a niche and, for a small fee, say a prayer for the pilgrim. The writings of Hor, a priest in charge of the ibis galleries around 200 b.c., explains that hundreds of people were involved in the animal mummification business at Saqqara. One of the more important jobs was “doorkeeper.” Hor says the doorkeeper supervised the birds and their young and was probably responsible for raising the ibises. Unlike ibises, falcons cannot be raised in captivity, so there was no way there were enough falcon mummies to meet the demand. So suppliers began to make “dummy mummies.” X-rays of falcon mummies show that they are almost always ancient fakes—made with a bundle of rags with beautiful wrappings on the outside. In his writings, Hor was concerned that theof goDs
Dendera to Edfu, where the marriage of Horus and Hathor took place. Their son Harsomtus, Horus the younger, was through magic born simultaneously at the birth houses in Edfu and Dendera. Hathor is the cow-headed goddess of love and music, and Harsomtus was at the same time a human, a falcon, and a reincarnation of the dead king; one of his titles was “Son of the Earth.” The Elephantine Triad Elephantine Island is situated at Aswan. The cult center for the trinity of Khnum, Anukis, and Satis was in a town called Abdu (modern Syene). The principal god was Khnum, who wore a white crown with ram’s horns and a solar disk. Occasionally he was shown with a jug on his head, a symbol for “unite” or


where the body was placed in flexed or fetal position, with the knees drawn up to the chin. Simple items from daily life—clay pots, beads, and slate palettes—were placed in the burial pit, which seems to indicate some belief in an afterlife. Because of the hot, dry climate, the bodies in these early burials were desiccated, or naturally mummified, but the shallow graves did not protect them from animals or sandstorms. The fact that the bodies were naturally mummified and recognizable, but not protected, must have led to the next step. Burial chambers were dug and lined with bricks, and the bodies were covered with animal skins and placed on woven mats. This provided a much safer resting spot for the deceased. While this method kept the bodiesstone peak was examined by Egyptologist Tim Kendal, he discovered that in ancient times the peak was covered with a sheath of gold (the nail holes are still visible). Egyptian mythology calls Gebel Barkal djew wab (the pure mountain), home of the great god Amun, who dwells in the mountain along with other gods. His title “Lord of the Thrones of Two Lands” represents his dominion over Egypt and Nubia. For the Egyptians, the uraeus (or rearing cobra) was a symbol of kingship, of protection of the king, of the divine mother of the king. Images natural or man-made could hold powerful magic, and the Egyptians and the Nubians who followed the Egyptian religion recognized Gebel Barkal as a sacred and magical space. Because Nubia had gold mines,


the Egypt god of healing, were called Ptah-Aesculapius, and the healing abilities of the two gods would remain the same.

It is said that the sound of the Great Cackler broke the silence that existed before the world was created:
. . . He cackled, being the Great Cackler, in the place where he was created, he alone. He began to speak in the midst of silence . . . He commenced to cry when the earth was inert. His cry spread . . . He brought forth all living things which exist. He caused them to live. He made all men understand the way to go and their hearts came alive when they saw him.

The Book of the Dead associates the Great Cackler with the goddess Nut:
Hail thou sycamorethe deceased moved on to the Weighing of the Heart Ceremony. God of the Nile who lived in the caves under the cataracts or boulders in the Nile. Hapi was actually the god of inundation, the flood, and as such he personified the annual flooding of the Nile. Hapi was a fertility god, for the fate of the crops each year depended on how high the Nile rose and how much rich silt was spread across the flooded fields. Aquatic plants crown Hapi’s head, and his

hApi

hAll of Double truth In order to spend a pleasant eternity in the Netherworld, the deceased

hApI

As a god of fecundity, Hapi, the god of the Nile, was shown with both male and female attributes. He was responsible for the flooding of the Nile


the Pyramid Texts, where he performs the Opening of the Mouth Ceremony for the deceased king so that he may “live again and breathe again” in the next world. In this form, Horus is not associated with the ancient god of the sky, but instead he appears as the helpful son of Isis and Osiris. Harsiese assists the souls of the deceased and delivers them to his father, Osiris, in the next world.

hArper’S SongS, the Showing the Egyptians’ positive approach to death, the Harper’s Songs illustrate an important segment of ancient Egyptian mythology. Carvings on tomb walls or on a stela erected for the deceased, the Harper’s Songs were composed to help the dead resurrect in the next world and were often accompanied by a harp. Unlike ritualOn the east and west sides of the open courtyard are several symbolic chapels—the interiors were filled with rubble—and only the platforms in front of the chapel were used. Statues of the king and the gods were placed in niches along the wall, and the platforms may have been used for ceremonies during the festival. Heb-sed must have begun in Egypt’s Predynastic period with rituals like the “raising of the djed Pillar” (an ancient sign for Osiris) that represented the strength and stability of the king. The earliest reference to a heb-sed is shown on the Narmer mace head. Although a king’s heb-sed was traditionally celebrated every 30 years, often a king chose to celebrate his festival or jubilee much more often. Ramses II (Ramses the Great) celebrated


14 heb-sed festivals or jubilees.

heh

The god of infinity, Heh originally represented the symbol for “millions,” but over time he represented the signs for “years” and “eternity.” Eventually Heh became associated with the king and his quest for long life. Heh is shown as a man kneeling, sometimes in a basket, which is the sign for “all” or “every.” He holds a palm rib, the symbol for “year.” On temple walls Heh is shown bestowing millions of years upon the deceased, and frequently he appears on Egyptian jewelry representing eternity. One of the treasures in Tutankhamen’s tomb was the lid of a mirror case with the figure of Heh. He holds two scepters, each with a cartouche of Tutankhamen on top and a shen, or sign for eternity, onof a frog were often worn by pregnant women in the hope that Heket would assist them during labor. Magical inscriptions on ivory wands, popular in the Middle Kingdom, refer to Heket as the “defender of the home.” A temple dedicated to Heket was found at Qus in Upper Egypt, and there is a reference to her cult in the tomb of Petosiris (fourth century b.c.) at Tuna el Gabel in Middle Egypt. Petosiris was a high priest of the god Thoth, and he recorded on his tomb that Heket led him to a shrine flooded by the yearly inundation of the Nile and asked him to repair her temple. Petosiris says that he summoned his scribe and gave him orders to build a new temple with a


into being, or he was created by Nun, the waters of chaos; several versions of the myth have been found. Atum emerged onto the primordial mound, the first bit of land, and since he was associated with the sun god Re, he became Re-Atum and brought light to the darkness. He created Shu, the god of air, and Tefnut, the goddess of moisture. Their children were Geb, the god of Earth, and Nut, the goddess of the sky. These five gods and goddesses were cosmic deities and personified the forces of nature. Geb and Nut were the parents of Osiris, Isis, Nephthys, and Set, who had human characteristics and had important cults of their own. God of the east wind (see also Winds, Gods of the Four).

henkhiSeSui

hephAeStuS Calledjust before sunrise. The event was called “the going up of the goddess Sothis.” In 1943, a rolled-up papyrus was purchased by the Egyptian Museum in Cairo. It was written in hieratic, a cursive form of hieroglyphs, and while portions of it had been eaten away by insects, it was clear that the papyrus dealt with the days of the year and what

horus

would happen on each day. The title of the Cairo Calendar, as it has become known, is “An Introduction to the Start of Everlastingness and the End of Eternity.” Each day of the year includes a reading in about three sections. The first part states the day’s auspice: “favorable,” “mostly favorable,” “very favorable,” “adverse,” “mostly adverse,” or “very adverse.” Most of the days of the Cairo


Calendar are either “very favorable” or “very adverse.” The second part describes the mythological event that occurred on that day. For example, if a day is said to be “very adverse,” this part of the reading will tell of a terrible tragedy or violence that happened in the life of the gods, such as Horus fighting with Set and losing his eye. The third part of the reading advises one how to behave depending on the result of the auspice and the mythological event. On the day Horus’s eye is lost, a bad day, readers are told not to go out of the house. Some portions of the Cairo Calendar are difficult to understand because they mention many minor gods and because the calendar does not tell oneskins are distinct, For you distinguish the peoples . . . You are in my heart, There is no other who knows you,

This selection from the hymn to the Aten gives a sense of its power and beauty. Scholars have often noted its resemblance to Psalm 104 in the Bible. Although the two works are similar in feeling, however, it is unlikely that Psalm 104, written centuries after the hymn to the Aten (circa 1380 b.c.), was directly influenced by Akhenaten’s prayer. Perhaps strong beliefs created similar thoughts.

hymn to thoth Taken from the Papyrus Anastasi, the following is a portion of the hymn to Thoth:
Come to me, Thoth, O noble Ibis, O god who loves Khmun; O letter-writer of the Ennead, Great one who dwells in Un! Come


object, the imiut seems to have its origin in Egypt’s Predynastic period (5500–3100 b.c.). An Imiut was believed to have special or supernatural powers, and since it was linked with Anubis and Osiris, it may have assisted with rebirth and resurrection. To create the fetish, a headless stuffed animal skin was tied to a post, and one end of the post was set in a pot, presumably for stability, so it could stand upright. Often the blood of the animal was shown dripping into the pot. One of the many objects found in Tutankhamen’s tomb was an imiut. Standing about six feet tall, the imiut’s wooden pole is covered with gold gilt and has a lotus shape on top, and the base

IncEnsE

stands in an alabaster pot. It hadweighed to ensure that it was not heavy with evil deeds. If the heart was heavier than maat, the feather of truth, then it fell off the scale into the jaws of Ammut, a terrifying mythical creature who devoured the heart, causing the deceased to go out of existence. The Egyptians had a saying, “To speak the name of the dead is to make him live again.” If

incenSe So important was incense to the Egyptians as an offering to the gods that they imported great quantities of the aromatic resins, frankincense, and myrrh from southern Arabia and the Sudan. It is recorded on the walls of Queen Hatshepsut’s mortuary temple at Deir el Bahri that her expedition to the land of Punt (possibly modern Eritrea or Somaliland on


among the papyrus stalks and stung the infant Horus. Upon hearing of this terrible catastrophe, the gods cried out, “Isis, Isis, come to thy child Horus. . . .” Isis rushed to the infant Horus, crying, “I will protect thee, O my son Horus. Fear not, fear not, O my son, my glorious one.” When she saw her lifeless child, she lamented:
I, Isis conceived a man child, and I was heavy with Horus. I, the goddess, bore Horus, the son of Isis, within a nest of papyrus plants. I rejoiced over him . . . I saw him as one who would avenge his father. I hid him. I concealed him, for I was afraid lest he be bitten. Now I went to the city of Am, andof her temples and shrines have been found in Greece, Lebanon, Syria, and England. When Christianity was adopted by the Roman Emperor Constantine the Great in the fourth century a.d., the cult of Isis died out.

iSiS AnD oSiriS, myth of The myth of Isis and Osiris, a story of death and resurrection, was central to Egyptian religious beliefs and embodied all the crucial elements of Egyptian funerary rites. No complete Egyptian copy of the myth of Isis and Osiris exists, but the best ancient version comes from Plutarch, a Greek priest at Delphi, who wrote De Iside Et Osiride about a.d. 100. The two principal gods, Isis and Osiris, were brother and sister and husband and wife. Their brother, Set, and their sister, Nephthys, were also husband and


for wives who break the law of purity on days that should be kept holy, and exacts huge penalties . . . His tears and carefully-studied mutterings make sure that Osiris will not refuse a pardon for the fault, bribed, no doubt, by a fat goose and a slice of sacrificial cake. —Satire VI

juStice, goDDeSS of See maat.

juvenAl (decimus junius juvenalis,

65–128) The Roman poet whose biting satires on the religion of ancient Egypt often focused on the cult of Isis. When Cleopatra VII, known as the “Living Isis,” entered Rome, the women of the

c. a.d.

K 8
ka The Egyptians believed that a person was born with five elements: (1) the physical body, (2) the shadow, (3) the name, (4) the ba, and (5) the ka. The ka was aelements: (1) the physical body, (2), the name, (3) the ba, (4) the ka, and (5) the shadow, or khaibit. It was believed that the khaibit could free itself from the body and move around as a separate entity. It is difficult to understand the purpose of the khaibit, but it is clearly associated with the ba and seems always to be near it. The Book of the Dead provides us with several references: (Chapter 89) “May I look upon my soul and my shadow,” and (Chapter 92) “Let my soul (ba) not be shut in, let my shadow (khaibit) not be fettered, let the way be opened for my soul and my shadow, may it see the great god.” khat The khat is the physical body of


horizon, pushes the sun disk across the sky as he emerges from a night in the Underworld. Also important to the notion of resurrection, Khepri appears in the Book of the Dead, Chapter 83: “I have soared as the primeval one soars: I have become Khepri. I have grown as plants grow . . . I am

Ø

0 khnuM

The ram-headed god Khnum fashions a man upon his potter’s wheel, while the god Thoth stands behind him and records the number of years allotted to the man. the fruit of every god.” Early inscriptions for Khepri appear in the Pyramid Texts, calling for Khepri to come into being as a manifestation of Re, the sun god. In Heliopolis, Khepri is called Atum-Khepri, arising from the primordial mound in the mansionin two different shrines, one for Udjat of Lower Egypt and one for Nekhbet of Upper Egypt. Thus the gods gave their assent to the king’s rule and admitted him to their realm.

kingS’ liSt In ancient Egypt there were two kinds of time: mythological (before historic time) and chronological (measured time). Historic dates were recorded by the number of years a king reigned. An important date, such as a festival, was recorded as the year, month, and day of the reign of the current king. For example, it might be recorded that on the second day of the third month of the fourth year of the reign of Tutankhamen, the festival of Opet was celebrated. Mythology tells us that legendary kings ruled in mythological time. The earliest-known kings’


needed for a temple, an old one was taken out and copied. Strict rules or canons controlled the proportions of tomb paintings. In preparing a tomb wall for a painting, an artist would draw a grid in red to make sure proportions of the god was as it should be: The head was two squares, shoulders seven squares, and so on. In a sense, tomb painting was reduced to paint-by-numbers so it would be in accordance with divine order. In politics also, the Egyptians resisted change. From the earliest recorded history, around 3150 b.c., Egypt was ruled by a king, considered a divine ruler; there was no other political structure. The most important job of the king was to maintain divine order. Thus, if he made the properthe king’s private chambers and was given the title “Slayer of Serpents.” It was said that Mafdet ripped out the hearts of evildoers and dropped them at the pharaoh’s feet. Her cult center was at Bubastis, in the Delta, where she was worshipped with another local feline goddess, Bastet. Because of her ferocious nature, Mafdet is also linked with Anhur, Menhit, and Tefnut. In the Book of the Dead Mafdet is a feline predator that repels serpents. Each night when Re’s solar boat enters the Underworld, Mafdet defeats the evil serpent Apep. But she has a kinder side as well, and one of Mafdet’s duties is to help the souls of the deceased on their journey to the Netherworld.
mAgic The Egyptians were famous for their magic throughout the


ancient world, and the priest-magicians practiced magic for more than 4,000 years. Magic was part of daily life in ancient Egypt, and it had the same goal as religion—to have some power over supernatural forces—but magic had a more immediate quality and could be used for both good and evil. Magic was different from religion, because when the magician worked his or her magic, it was the magician who made the magic happen. Religious ceremonies required the priest to ask the god for a particular favor, so it was the god, not the priest, who made it happen. Magic could bring good luck, cause a person to fall in love, ward off demons,

èèU”

Magic appears in many forms throughout Egyptian history. The earliest magical objects are stone amulets carvedwalls to guard against evil approaching from any direction. The brick placed against the west wall had a djed pillar, the symbol of stability; the east wall had an Anubis statue; the south wall had a torch; and the north wall had a statuette similar to ushabti, a servant statue. Magical bricks have been found in the Valley of the Kings in the tombs of Thutmose III, Tutankhamen, and Ramses II. mAgicAl objectS in tutAnkhAmen’S tomb When Howard Carter opened Tutankhamen’s tomb in November 1922, he found a number of magical objects buried with the boy king. One item reported found was a clay tablet with a curse carved on it: “Death will slay with his wings whoever disturbs the peace of the pharaoh” (see curse of Tutankhamen).


It is doubtful that the tablet ever existed, but magic played a big part in sending the boy king to the next world. In the first room, the antechamber, two lifesize statues of Tutankhamen with black skin and gold kilt (skirt) represented the royal ka—they served as the home or dwelling place of the royal soul during mummification. Magical objects were found on the floor of Tutankhamen’s burial chamber. Next to the shrines that enclosed the coffin were 10 magical oars intended to row the pharaoh’s solar boat to the next world. A double wooden chest painted black held two faience cups—one filled with natron and the other with resin, essential ingredients for mummification. Between the cups was a stone amulet shaped like ^ —perhaps used in theFLOWER—I am this pure lotus that has ascended by the sunlight and is at Re’s nose. I spend my [time] shedding it [i.e., the sunlight] on Horus. I am the pure [lotus] that ascended from the field. Book of the Dead, spell 81

to this group—priests who studied and practiced magic. The priest-magicians had a special place in the temple—they worked at the House of Life (p ?). The p sign is pronounced per and meant “house.” The ? sign is pronounced ankh and here means “life” (ankh also means “mirror”). The House of Life was a building or perhaps group of buildings that housed the temple library that contained all the papyrus scrolls with all the knowledge of ancient Egypt. For a fee these magicians would perform vital


Thoth, Horus, Imhotep, and Isis, and one or all could be consulted, depending on the ailment. Egyptian medicine was a combination of magical spells, religious rituals, and the skills of the ancient physician. There was no clear distinction between magic and the remedy prescribed. The physician had a range of medicines to choose from—opium, myrrh, honey, and hundreds of plants and herbs—and he enhanced their healing power with magical spells. Sometimes, in the case of snake and scorpion bites, the physician turned to the gods. The following from the papyrus of Ani was to be recited while applying a remedy to the body of a person:
I have come from Heliopolis with the great ones of the great house, the lords of protection the rulers of eternity . .she became associated with Hathor, whose crown is a sun disk between her horns. Later this became the crown of Isis. Mehurt is almost always shown as a cow, and her name means “the great flood.” Her representations are easily confused with Hathor, because each is often shown as a recumbent cow resting on a reed mat, a sun disk between the horns. In the Old Kingdom (2686–2181 b.c.), Mehurt appears in the Pyramid Texts of Unas: “Unas has come to his pools which are on the banks of the canal of Mehurt, at the place where offerings flourish, and fields on the horizon, and he has made his garden flourish on the banks of the horizon.” By the New Kingdom (1550–1069 b.c.), Mehurt had become a goddess


surgical procedures. Because the brain is mostly water, it had to be removed with special tools. The brain was one of the few parts of the body that the embalmers discarded, as the Egyptians believed that a person thought with the heart, not the brain. Once the brain was removed, a small incision on the left side of the abdomen was made to remove stomach, intestines, liver, spleen, and other internal organs. The heart was left in place, however, so the deceased would be able to think when he resurrected in the next world and say the magical spells necessary to bring his body back to life. The internal organs were placed in four canopic jars with lids carved in the shape of one of the Four Sonsel-Hager in the western Delta). Like many of the goddesses of ancient Egypt, Neith had a dual nature, both fierce and gentle. She is mentioned in the Pyramid Texts as a mortuary goddess, accompanying Isis, Nephthys, and Selket when they guarded the mummy of Osiris. Neith’s warlike nature was proclaimed by her symbols, two crossed arrows over a shield. Neith was the patron goddess of hunters and warriors, who asked for her blessing on their weapons. She was called “Mistress of the Bow” and “Ruler of Arrows.” Neith is shown as a woman wearing the red crown of Lower Egypt. Her symbol, the crossed arrows and shield, have been linked with the early dynastic king Hor-Aha (3100 b.c.), possibly in connection with his dedicating a temple to Neith.

nEphthys

In


Ancient records tell us that he swept down the Nile, “raging like a panther,” and conquered Egypt “like a cloudburst” about 724 b.c. For the next 60 years, his family ruled Egypt. Nubian kings were strong warriors and pious scholars. They revived religion, copied ancient texts,

nubiA

were patrons of the arts, and restored ancient traditions in Egypt. When they died, the Nubian kings chose to be buried near Gebel Barkal and with pyramids just like the first Egyptian kings. Four groups of pyramids were built by the Nubian kings and queens (in Nubia, queens had pyramids as large as their husbands’). 1. 2. 3. 4. Pyramids of Gebel Barkal—near the holy mountain Pyramids of Nuri—across the Nile from Gebel Barkal Pyramids of El Kurru—south of Gebel Barkal Pyramid ofcenter of the burial chamber, and the walls were decorated with traditional scenes of the gods.

numberS In ancient Egypt the most important and magical number was seven. There are seven Hathors, seven bas of Re, seven sacred oils, seven orifices in the head, and the 42 judges of the Hall of Double Truth are seen as a multiple of seven. The symbolism of numbers was believed to be as important as the numerical value. Numbers were written in hieroglyphs. Seven different signs are used for writing numbers. Numbers one through nine are written with a stroke, as seen below. Numbers 10, 100, 1,000, 10,000, and 1 million each have their own hieroglyph:
1 = 1, 2 = 11, 3 = 111, 4 = 1111, 5 = 11111, 6 =


with ankles touching and her hands close together, it seems she was actually meant to touch the four cardinal points—north, south, east, and west—thus protecting all the sky. Nut had several important associations. In the earliest texts, she was seen as having power over the gods. In some instances she is portrayed as cow goddess of the sky, but most often she is shown as a woman. Nut as a Sky Goddess In the Heliopolitan Ennead mythology, Nut married her brother Geb. Their children Isis, Osiris, Nephthys, and Set became part of the ennead and later became the main characters in the Isis and Osiris myth. In one version of the myth, Nut was the wife of Re the sun god, who became angry when she slept withto the sun each morning when it appeared on the horizon; she was “Great One Who Gives Birth to the Gods.” The tomb of Ramses VI in the Valley of the Kings shows the slender body of Nut arched over the ceiling that represents the sky. The sun god sails in his solar barque (boat) along the body of the goddess during the day and disappears into her mouth at sunset for his nightly journey inside her body and is born again in the morning. Nut and Resurrection Nut played an important part in the funerary beliefs of the Egyptians from the Old Kingdom Pyramid Texts to the early Christian period. The Pyramid Texts tell us that the goddess enfolds the king in her soul and that she


religion and magic. Because they believed the sun god was born there, the priests of Hermopolis claimed to have the first sunrise in the world.

ogDoAD

the Step Pyramid at Saqqara and the Great Pyramid complex on the Giza plateau. A new literature was born—a group of magical spells called Pyramid Texts. Fifth and Sixth Dynasty kings carved magical spells on the walls of their pyramids to help them get to the next world. This was the first time an official version of life after death was recorded in ancient Egypt, though only the king was allowed to have magical texts in his pyramid. With the death of King Pepi II, the era of the Old Kingdom was brought to a dramatic close. Pepi’s advanced age (he is believed toLater a “Virgin’s Tree” (now located on Sharia el-Qaffasin in modern Heliopolis or ancient On) came to represent the story of Isis suckling Horus. A Christian version of the story is that the holy family rested under this tree during their flight into Egypt. Another myth set in On tells us the sun god Re bathed each day at sunrise in a sacred pool; the Christian version of the myth says in this sacred pool the Virgin Mary washed the garments of Christ.

onouriS (also anhur, inhert)

olD kingDom The second of six historic periods in ancient Egypt (Predynastic, Old Kingdom, Middle Kingdom, New Kingdom, Late, and Ptolemaic), the Old Kingdom (2686–2181 b.c.) was a time of prosperity in Egypt because there was strong central government and a king with