relate to it imperils the free speech rights without which no secular republic can survive. We have to clear this up, and fast.

There is no legitimate controversy over why the Kouachi brothers targeted Charlie Hebdo. They murdered not to redress the social grievances or right the historical wrongs the PEN authors named. They explicitly told us why they murdered -- for Islam, to avenge the Prophet Muhammad. Progressives who think otherwise need to face that reality. Put another way, the Kouachi brothers may have suffered racial discrimination and even “marginalization,” yet had they not been Muslims, they would not have attacked Charlie Hebdo. They would have had no motive.

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What is it about Islam that simultaneously both motivates jihadis to kill and so many progressives to exculpate the religion,Center in Orlando, Florida this year. Several weeks before the convention, I got the call from the airshow coordinator at the Tuskegee Airmen National Historical Museum in Detroit. NBAA is saluting the Tuskegee Airmen and wanted to have the museum’s Tuskegee-flown T-6 on static display at the convention. As the some-time team lawyer, I helped put together the contract.

By pure coincidence, my law firm held its annual partner meeting in Orlando the weekend before the beginning of NBAA. Our airshow coordinator figured that out on Thursday and asked whether I might be interested in playing hooky from the partner meeting for a special assignment.

The NBAA convention was at the Orange County Convention Center. The Convention center is about 11 miles from Orlando International Airport (KMCO). That meant that


the T-6 and the eight other static aircraft needed to get from the airport to the convention center by means of the tollway and various surface streets. NBAA and Signature Flight Support had arranged trucks and tow bars to tow the aircraft to the convention center and back. My mission, should I choose to accept it, was to ride in the cockpit of the T-6, be ready on the brakes if the tow bar gave way, jump out and walk wings if needed, and assist in such other ways as I could be helpful.

Hmmmmmm. Ride in a T-6 down the 528 Toll Road in the middle of the night with eight other aircraft. Let me think about that.

I took a cab to Signature and arrived around 9:00 pmdon’t think that the camera system caught my tail number.

After about an hour, we came to Exit 1 and took the off-ramp. The procession slowed down substantially. The roadway side markers are about three feet high. They’re plastic and they lay down if pushed. But the plastic is fairly heavy-duty and it’s squared off at the top, making fairly sharp corners. Not something you’d want to drag over the bottom of the T-6’s wing and its rag ailerons. We were going slowly enough that I could dismount and run around behind the tail and the right wing and hold the markers down as the wing passed over each one of them. That lasted for maybe a tenth of a mile, and then it was back into the cockpit


T-6.

Eventually, we got the other wingtip past the pole. I was really impressed by the fact that the guy handling the forward wing (the critical wing, because it was the pivot point) had his hand and forearm along the trailing edge of the wing, between the wing and the pole. He was willing to protect the aircraft from the pole with his own forearm. I don’t know that the wing would necessarily have traveled quickly enough to actually injure him, even if the tailwheel broke out at exactly the wrong moment. But the fact of the matter is that he stick his arm in harm’s way to protect the airplane. That rates respect from me.

After a brief taxi across the pavement, we headed off onto the grass nearnot without merit-- President Obama, unlike Bush-- knows how to deal with terrorists. Bush just bragged about how he would get them, then used them as an excuse for taking away civil liberties from Americans and invading an oil rich country on behalf of big Republican Party corporate contributors. Obama has been killing them-- Osama bin-Laden and most of the top leadership of al-Qaeda. At some point-- early on-- Rahm Emanuel explained told Obama to stop talking like that. He did. And, worse yet, that class of terrorist was never prosecuted for their crimes, even though their crimes have been far more devastating to the lives of most Americans than anything al-Qaeda ever did.

Last week Paul Krugman ruminated about the American tendency toward amnesia, specifically in how they


look at the second coming of George W. Bush, Mitt Romney.

Romney constantly talks about job losses under Mr. Obama. Yet all of the net job loss took place in the first few months of 2009, that is, before any of the new administration’s policies had time to take effect. So the Ohio speech was a perfect illustration of the way the Romney campaign is banking on amnesia, on the hope that voters don’t remember that Mr. Obama inherited an economy that was already in free fall.

How does the campaign deal with people who point out the awkward reality that all of the “Obama” job losses took place before any Obama policies had taken effect? The fallback argument-- which was rolled out when reporters asked about the factory closure--the economy) as we did 30 years ago, people would be very concerned about our grossly inefficient trucking sector.

It was this incredibly bloated sector of the economy providing “an intermediate good” that we had to rescue-- keep that in mind.

When the Financial Tail Wags the Corporate Dog

The financial sector’s size isn’t the only issue to consider. Its influence on the behavior of the rest of our corporate culture is something that we take for granted, but maybe we shouldn’t.

Consider for a moment how often you’ve heard that “the markets” are happy-- or unhappy-- about something that is occurring? You know, “The markets reacted with enthusiasm to an announcement by the Fed today...” Not enough people ask the very logical question “Just who are these markets and why the


they return to their communities. In this context, *general functioning* is conceptualized as maintaining consistent self-care through attention to hygiene, feeding, safe housing environment, domestic chores, planning for future activities, and developing basic social skills through living in harmony with family members and the community. *Stigma* is conceptualised as being labelled and perceived according to negative stereotypes (for example, defiled, tainted, of low value, and unworthy), and suffering resultant discrimination from either family or community members \[[@CR17]\]. *Community relations* is conceptualised as how the local community treats, perceives, and regards a formerly abducted girl with possibly little or complete lack of respect and consideration (for example, being afraid of, disrespectful to or pretending to be better than her). Finally, *sexual violence* is conceptualised as, inter alia, being raped,3Mediation by community relations of the relations between reported sexual violence and general functioning. Total effect: β = .15(95 % CI: .02, .30). Total indirect effect: β = .10 (95 % CI: 02, .21). Total direct effect: β = .05 (95 % CI: −.08, .19). The **β** below the continuous line from reported sexual violence to general functioning represents the total effect of reported sexual violence on general functioning while the **β** above the dotted line represent the effect of reported sexual violence after community relation was added to the model as a mediator. Approximately 67 % of the effects of reported sexual violence on general functioning is mediated through community relations. The direct effect of reported sexual violence on functioning attenuated and became insignificant (β = .05 (95 % CI: −.08, .19)). All analyses were adjusted for age, duration in


analyses based on this longitudinal cohort, the research showed that marriage may be protective of adverse mental health outcomes and poor functioning as more divorced or separated youths functioned more poorly than married youths \[[@CR33]\]. Similarly, previous articles from this study consistently demonstrated that reported sexual violence independently predicted adverse mental health outcomes \[[@CR21]\]. It is therefore possible that poor mental health outcomes and community reactions to survivors of reported sexual violence are indeed associated with poor functioning.

Implications {#Sec17}
------------

The findings of the current study may have important implications for interventions to mitigate the impact of reported sexual violence against girls and young women in post-conflict areas. They may also prove to be significant in positively influencing international efforts to combat sexual violence in armed conflict and to addressman to whom she was assigned would be severely punished or even killed \[[@CR6], [@CR47]\]. Prepubescent girls were allocated to rebel commanders as baby sitters or to help with their domestic chores. Upon reaching puberty, the commanders could turn them into their "wives". Between 30 and 50 % of the abducted girls in Northern Uganda returned from rebel captivity with one or more children fathered by rebel commanders or soldiers \[[@CR6], [@CR15]\]. Those whose "husbands" died in battle were reallocated to other rebel fighters or commanders \[[@CR6]\]. The abduction, forced marriage and sexual violence meted out to young girls were incorporated into LRA ideology. This encompassed the belief of the LRA leader, Joseph Kony, that President Yoweri Museveni had corrupted the Acholi ethnic group and that the Holy Spirit


the forest was everything. It provided them with meat, honey and fruits to eat, animal skins to keep them warm, herbs to treat their illnesses and, they believe, spirits of their ancestors to protect them.

Jossy Muhangi, spokesman for the Uganda Wildlife Authority (UWA), says that the pygmies' presence in the forest was damaging to the gorillas and that their eviction has played a part in significant increases in gorilla populations.

"The Batwa were always friends of the gorillas," he says. "They did not eat them, but their snares and traps were dangerous. And they could spread respiratory diseases".

image copyright Tommy Trenchard image caption Mahuk Isaac, seen here in a church in Kisoro town, has lost five of his seven children since being evicted from a nearby forest.

He adds that(n=25), while no difference of leptin levels was found between groups.[@b31-jomes-27-004]

Sleep and growth hormone-insulin like growth factor-1 axis
----------------------------------------------------------

The growth hormone (GH)-insulin like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) axis also plays a role in the regulation of adiposity and glucose homeostasis. Under a normal sleep/wake cycle, there is a spontaneous nocturnal GH pulse during the restorative slow wave sleep (SWS) that occurs within the first 3 hours of sleep, with both demonstrating a dose-dependent relationship.[@b32-jomes-27-004] Increasing evidence suggests that there are biological interactions of GH/IGF-1 axis with sleep dysregulation. Sleep curtailment and late chronotype are associated with suppressed GH and IGF-1 pulsatility, followed by a compensatory increase in IGF-binding protein 3 (IGFBP-3) level via the negative feedback loop.[@b33-jomes-27-004] In a 4-year prospective cohort study of normoglycemic adults, low circulating IGF-1 level


and 828 dizygotic twin pairs demonstrated a 10% phenotypic correlation between insomnia and obesity, suggesting a shared genetic mechanism that underlies these conditions.[@b105-jomes-27-004] However, the findings about this association were inconsistent in other clinical studies, which mostly reported either no association or an inverse relationship between insomnia and BMI. In a cross-sectional study conducted in 211 Finnish men aged 30--65 years, among the overweight or obese participants (n=163), those with insomnia (n=40) had higher fat mass in the trunk and android regions than the group without sleep disorder (n=76, *P*\<0.05), but no between-group differences in BMI or total fat mass.[@b95-jomes-27-004] There was also no difference in BMI when comparing 141 Chinese patients with primary insomnia with 55 healthy volunteers (22.54±2.76 kg/m^2^ vs. 22.84±3.28 kg/m^2^, *P*=0.526).[@b92-jomes-27-004] However, this studydiabetes, including reduction of glucose tolerance[@b40-jomes-27-004], alteration of HPA axis and sympathetic nervous system[@b110-jomes-27-004], and elevated markers of chronic inflammation.[@b111-jomes-27-004] Hence, well-designed studies with sufficient sample size are required to unravel the relationship between insomnia and diabetes.

SLEEP AND GENES REGULATING THE CIRCADIAN CLOCK
==============================================

Clock genes may play a key role in linking sleep and the effect of circadian disruptions on metabolic functions.[@b23-jomes-27-004] A central clock which is located within the suprachiasmatic nuclei of the hypothalamus orchestrates the environmental light/dark cycles with human physiology and behavior. Genetic or environmental perturbations of this synchronized molecular mechanism can lead to metabolic disturbances. In the core clock mechanism, the brain and muscle Arnt like protein-1 (BMAL1)/circadian locomotor output cycles kaput (CLOCK) heterodimer binds to the E-box elements in the promoter regions of *Per*


              Prospective study (follow-up: 6 yr)/the United States                                        General population from the National Institutes of Health-American Association of Retired Persons Diet and Health cohort (n=164,399)   Average sleep duration was divided into: \<5, 5--6, 7--8, and ≥9 hr/night;\                                                                                In age ≥60 yr, sleep \<5.5 hr: OR, 1.72; 95% CI, 0.75--3.92

   Lou et al. (2015)[@b85-jomes-27-004]                Prospective study (median follow-up: 5 yr)/China


we are all looking forward to seeing develop.”

The duo gave a tantalising glimpse of what’s to come in Collingwood’s final game of the home and away season against Melbourne recently.

Grundy returned from suspension and joined an in-form Cox to combine for three goals, 24 hit-outs and seven of the Magpies’ 15 marks in the forward half in a convincing victory against the Demons.

Mason Cox and Brodie Grundy celebrate Collingwood's round 23 victory over Melbourne. Image: AFL Photos.

Collingwood’s fans and the football department alike will be expecting to see further improvement in 2018 and beyond.

“Mason has made tremendous progress but there is so much more to come from him, which has us really enthused about where he can take his game,” Hine said.

“He wants to learn, he learns quicklyECRYPTFS_DEFAULT_CIPHER "aes"
#define ECRYPTFS_DEFAULT_KEY_BYTES 16
#define ECRYPTFS_DEFAULT_HASH "md5"
#define ECRYPTFS_TAG_70_DIGEST ECRYPTFS_DEFAULT_HASH
#define ECRYPTFS_TAG_1_PACKET_TYPE 0x01
#define ECRYPTFS_TAG_3_PACKET_TYPE 0x8C
#define ECRYPTFS_TAG_11_PACKET_TYPE 0xED
#define ECRYPTFS_TAG_64_PACKET_TYPE 0x40
#define ECRYPTFS_TAG_65_PACKET_TYPE 0x41
#define ECRYPTFS_TAG_66_PACKET_TYPE 0x42
#define ECRYPTFS_TAG_67_PACKET_TYPE 0x43
#define ECRYPTFS_TAG_70_PACKET_TYPE 0x46 /* FNEK-encrypted filename
					  * as dentry name */
#define ECRYPTFS_TAG_71_PACKET_TYPE 0x47 /* FNEK-encrypted filename in
					  * metadata */
#define ECRYPTFS_TAG_72_PACKET_TYPE 0x48 /* FEK-encrypted filename as
					  * dentry name */
#define ECRYPTFS_TAG_73_PACKET_TYPE 0x49 /* FEK-encrypted filename as
					  * metadata */
#define ECRYPTFS_MIN_PKT_LEN_SIZE 1 /* Min size to specify packet length */
#define ECRYPTFS_MAX_PKT_LEN_SIZE 2 /* Pass at least this many bytes to
				     * ecryptfs_parse_packet_length() and
				     * ecryptfs_write_packet_length()
				     */
/* Constraint: ECRYPTFS_FILENAME_MIN_RANDOM_PREPEND_BYTES >=
 * ECRYPTFS_MAX_IV_BYTES */
#define ECRYPTFS_FILENAME_MIN_RANDOM_PREPEND_BYTES 16
#define ECRYPTFS_NON_NULL 0x42 /* A reasonable substitute for NULL */
#define MD5_DIGEST_SIZE 16
#define ECRYPTFS_TAG_70_DIGEST_SIZE MD5_DIGEST_SIZE
#define ECRYPTFS_TAG_70_MIN_METADATA_SIZE (1 + ECRYPTFS_MIN_PKT_LEN_SIZE \


do not free these */
#define ECRYPTFS_PLAINTEXT_PASSTHROUGH_ENABLED 0x00000001
#define ECRYPTFS_XATTR_METADATA_ENABLED        0x00000002
#define ECRYPTFS_ENCRYPTED_VIEW_ENABLED        0x00000004
#define ECRYPTFS_MOUNT_CRYPT_STAT_INITIALIZED  0x00000008
#define ECRYPTFS_GLOBAL_ENCRYPT_FILENAMES      0x00000010
#define ECRYPTFS_GLOBAL_ENCFN_USE_MOUNT_FNEK   0x00000020
#define ECRYPTFS_GLOBAL_ENCFN_USE_FEK          0x00000040
#define ECRYPTFS_GLOBAL_MOUNT_AUTH_TOK_ONLY    0x00000080
	u32 flags;
	struct list_head global_auth_tok_list;
	struct mutex global_auth_tok_list_mutex;
	size_t global_default_cipher_key_size;
	size_t global_default_fn_cipher_key_bytes;
	unsigned char global_default_cipher_name[ECRYPTFS_MAX_CIPHER_NAME_SIZE
						 + 1];
	unsigned char global_default_fn_cipher_name[
		ECRYPTFS_MAX_CIPHER_NAME_SIZE + 1];
	char global_default_fnek_sig[ECRYPTFS_SIG_SIZE_HEX + 1];
};

/* superblock private data. */
struct ecryptfs_sb_info {
	struct super_block *wsi_sb;
	struct ecryptfs_mount_crypt_stat mount_crypt_stat;
};

/* file private data. */
struct ecryptfs_file_info {
	struct file *wfi_file;
	struct ecryptfs_crypt_stat *crypt_stat;
};

/* auth_tok <=> encrypted_session_key mappings */
struct ecryptfs_auth_tok_list_item {
	unsigned char encrypted_session_key[ECRYPTFS_MAX_KEY_BYTES];
	struct list_head list;
	struct ecryptfs_auth_tok auth_tok;
};

struct ecryptfs_message {
	/* Can never be greater than ecryptfs_message_buf_len */
	/* Used to find the parent msg_ctx */
	/* Inherits from msg_ctx->index */
	u32 index;
	u32 data_len;
	u8for b.
-3
Suppose -11 = -5*h - 3*g, 2*h - 3*g = h + 13. Suppose -7*q + 88 = h*q. Solve 6*v = -4*j + 2*v, 0 = -2*v + q for j.
-4
Let a(x) = 13*x + 132. Let d be a(-10). Solve -y + 3*t + 11 = 0, -2*t - d = -2*y + 8 for y.
2
Let s be -6 + 7 - 4 - -895. Let m = s - 888. Solve -4*v + 3*v - 14 = 4*y, -2*v - 2*y = m for v.
2
Let o(q) = q**3 + 151*q**2 - 74*q**2 + 0*q**3 + 5 - 76*q**2. Let k be o(0). Solve -2*h + 24 = k*u, u + 26 = 5*h + 5*u for h.
2
Let v be (-2)/((-39)/(-45) - 1). Suppose 6*f


with high spatial resolution and has been widely used to detect and characterize brain networks or connectivity among functionally interconnected regions. Investigating differences in functional network (or connectivity) between disorders such as SZ and BP may provide new insights into their disease mechanisms (Birur et al., [@B29]). Furthermore, the identified changes in connectivity measures may be useful as biomarkers which can be employed to classify individual patients using machine learning methods (Arbabshirani et al., [@B20]; Stephan et al., [@B240]). In this paper, we restrict our review to fMRI data, but some methods are able to be easily expanded to other brain functional imaging modalities as well.

There have been a variety of methods proposed to measure functional connectivity (FC) among brain regions using fMRI data (Van Den Heuvel andanalysis methods and possible connectivity features used for classification/prediction problem.](fnins-12-00525-g0001){#F1}

Static functional connectivity analyses
---------------------------------------

From a view of methodology, there are generally three kinds of strategies analyzing SFC (Calhoun and De Lacy, [@B36]). The first is a model-driven strategy which uses prior knowledge to decide sets of brain regions/voxels and then limit connectivity analysis to some specific regions/voxels. The second approach is more data-driven and maps whole brain functional networks using decomposition or clustering methods. In such case, brain voxels assigned to the same component or cluster reflect regions which are highly correlated. The third combines the idea of the above two strategies, which firstly extracts co-activated regions using a data-driven method and then estimates functional connectivity among the regions. We outline several typical methods as below.

### Model-driven analysis for


graph-theory derived metrics (Liu et al., [@B178]; Lynall et al., [@B181]; Yu Q. et al., [@B283]) such as the averaged node strength, clustering coefficient, global efficiency, and local efficiency (Rubinov and Sporns, [@B221]) can be calculated. These graph-based measures provide powerful features which integrate across the whole brain and can be used in classifying and predicting individual patients.

Dynamic (time-resolved) functional connectivity analyses
--------------------------------------------------------

All of the above mentioned analysis approaches estimate brain functional connectivity by computing an average of the full time series (e.g., computing Pearson correlation between two ROIs using BOLD signals within 5 or 10 min) and generate a static value to reflect the connection strength. In recent years, there have been much interests in computing time-resolved connectivity measures and successful applications in identifying biomarkers from dynamic connectivitypatients using GIG-ICA. Results showed that DFC provided more informative measures than the SFC method. Diagnosis-related connectivity states were evident using DFC analysis. For the dominant state consistent across groups, 22 instances of hypoconnectivity (with decreasing trends from HC to BPP to SAD to SZ) mainly involving post-central, frontal and cerebellar cortices as well as 34 examples of hyperconnectivity (with increasing trends from HC to BPP to SAD to SZ) primarily involving thalamus and temporal cortices were found. Interestingly, hypoconnectivities/hyperconnectivities also showed negative/positive correlations, respectively, with clinical symptom scores. Regarding frontal connectivities, BPP resembled HC while SAD and SZ were more similar. Using a similar framework, whole-brain DFC from resting-state fMRI data of 70 HCs, 53 individuals at clinical high-risk (CHR) for psychosis, and 58 early illness schizophrenia


functional connectivity features alone or multi-modality features including functional connectivity to classify or predict brain disorders. In this section, we primarily focus on studies working on classifying patients with a brain disorder from healthy controls (i.e., a binary classification problem), and also include some work distinguishing multiple different disorders (i.e., a multi-class classification problem). We mainly summarize studies relating to schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, autism spectrum disorder (ASD), attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), Alzheimer\'s disease (AD) and mild cognitive impairment (MCI), some of which share very similar symptoms and common changes in the brain that can confound diagnosis, such as SZ vs. BP, ASD vs. ADHD, and AD vs. MCI. Although other brain disorders such as depression also deserve review in the future, our primary goal here is tothe possibility of using neuroimaging data in the automatic diagnosis of these two brain disorders.

Many studies have focused on distinguishing SZ and HC based on the fMRI functional connectivity. ICA based spatial map is one of the most popular used functional features in the classification (Demirci et al., [@B76]; Arribas et al., [@B21]; Castro et al., [@B46]; Du et al., [@B88]). For example, Du et al. used ICA to extract individual spatial maps as the initial features and then combined a two-level feature identification scheme with kernel principal component analysis (KPCA) and Fisher\'s linear discriminant analysis (FLD) in the classification of SZ (Du et al., [@B88]). By using a majority vote methods that use multiple features, they achieved a classification accuracy of 98% in the auditory oddball task


recent years. Iidaka selected more subjects from ABIDE (312 subjects with ASD and 328 control subjects) and the resting-state functional connectivity between 90 ROIs are used as input of the probabilistic neural network (PNN) for classification. PNN obtained classification results of \~90% accuracy (Iidaka, [@B142]). Chen et al. constructed functional network between signals in different frequency bands using ABIDE dataset and showed that the most of the discriminative features were concentrated on the Slow-4 band (0.027--0.073 Hz) (Chen H. et al., [@B54]).

There has also been a fair amount of work using functional connectivity to classify ADHD and healthy controls. Zhu et al. ([@B293]) first used ReHo from fMRI in a PCA-based Fisher discriminative analysis (PC-FDA) to build a linear classifier and the results showed a classification accuracy ofconvolutional neural network for functional connectivity classification called connectome-convolutional neural network (CCNN) (Meszlényi et al., [@B190]). By testing the performance of CCNN model on both simulated datasets and a public MCI dataset, they showed that the developed model is capable of distinguishing subjects of different groups. Their results also demonstrated that the CCNN model can combine different functional connectivity metrics in the classification and such combination results in better performance than other classifiers using single metric only.

Challenges and difficulties in identifying biomarkers of brain disorders and classification of individual subject {#s5}
=================================================================================================================

Lacking gold standards for diagnoses
------------------------------------

Analyzing fMRI data for the ultimate goal of identifying biomarkers and diagnosing brain disorders using neuroimage-based measures is promising but challenging, due to the fact that the current diagnostic categorization itself used as prior


depressive, manic or mixed episodes. In fact, there are also overlapping symptoms such as social withdrawal and communication impairment between ASD and SZ spectrum disorders (Fitzgerald, [@B110]; Chisholm et al., [@B59]). ASD, a neurodevelopmental disorder, is characterized by a spectrum of abnormal behaviors including persistent deficits in social communication and interaction across multiple contexts. ADHD is marked by an ongoing pattern of inattention and/or hyperactivity-impulsivity that interferes with functioning or development. Research work also shows a high rate of overlapping symptoms between ASD and ADHD (Taurines et al., [@B249]). Therefore, the similarities in symptoms between these brain disorders give rise to difficulties in clinical diagnosis.

Most existing fMRI studies (Calhoun et al., [@B38]; Koike et al., [@B160]; Du et al., [@B99]), which applied statistical analyses to investigate differences amonghemisphere predominance was revealed, probably associated with higher level of agitation and anxiety. Additionally high percentage of epileptiform grapho-elements was observed in all groups (28-50%). (1) Visual analysis of EEG recordings enables characterization of type and localization of changes in bioelectrical activity in children with ADHD syndrome. (2) This analysis reveals presence of differences in occurrence of some EEG parameters in the groups of children with ADHD and associated other disorders. (3) ADHD diagnostics is indicated especially among children with emotional disorders. (4) Bioelectric characteristic provides basement for elaboration of individual neurofeedback therapy protocol.


by doubling the pulse width, thereby overcoming, the problems of in the prior art. The present invention also improves the current limit performance at high input voltage, provides lower reverse voltages for an output diode and optimizes the use of switching devices.
The apparatus of the present invention comprises two distinct voltage buses and an isolating transformer having two primary windings, each with its own associated switching device. Each winding is fed from its own voltage bus with the number of turns on each winding chosen to be proportional to the magnitude of its particular voltage bus. In this way, at any given time, power is supplied from whichever of the two buses is proportionately higher in voltage. The power supply operates from either voltage source alone, or withat the crime scene, Lawton police detectives began questioning neighbors in the surrounding area. Following information received through their investigation, two detectives went to the appellant's residence, a few houses down the street. As they approached the house, one detective looked in a trash can in the appellant's front yard and found a bloody sock, which was confiscated for evidence. They then obtained a search waiver for the appellant's house from his common-law wife. At 5:15 a.m. on October 29th, the appellant arrived at the residence and was arrested, given his Miranda warnings, and taken to the police station for questioning. An officer returned to his residence and obtained, from appellant's common-law wife, permission to search her automobile, which appellant had driven just prior to his arrest. The


the confessions is sufficient to dissipate the coercive nature of incarceration. In fact, after he evoked his Miranda warning, he asked to speak to a particular officer before ultimately giving his statements. See United States v. Manuel, 706 F.2d 908 (9th Cir.1983).
It is abundantly clear the appellant freely and voluntarily gave the confessions of which he now complains. It is also apparent he freely and voluntarily signed a rights waiver form, and that he understood his rights as communicated to him by the arresting officers. The officers were most solicitious of the appellant's request, and carefully followed the proper procedures in obtaining appellant's confessions. There is absolutely no competent evidence the appellant was coerced or forced to sign the confessions. The officers were not acting flagrantly with thebeen taken to the police station. The consent given by appellant's common-law wife was voluntarily given, and there is no evidence of coercion or threats.
Furthermore, appellant has no standing to object to this search. Appellant cannot assert an objection to the search of the auto when he has neither a possessory or property interest in the car, nor an interest in the property seized, nor, otherwise, has some legitimate expectation of privacy. Rakas v. Illinois, 439 U.S. 128, 99 S.Ct. 421, 58 L.Ed.2d 387 (1978). See also Boutwell v. State, 659 P.2d 322 (Okl. Cr. 1983). We therefore find appellant's fourth proposition of error is meritless.

IV.
Appellant next alleges the trial court failed to grant his request for a separate trial from his co-defendant. Appellant argues that error was


then added two instructions to the first stage instructions which clarified for the record when malice aforethought or premeditation is necessary for murder in the first degree, and when malice aforethought is not necessary for first degree murder, that being felony-murder.
The court acted properly and protected the integrity of the jury system by clarifying misleading instructions and argument. This action by the trial judge is commendable. We have held when the conduct of the trial judge does not show bias or prejudice, it is not reversible error. See Felts v. State, 588 P.2d 572, 577 (Okl.Cr. 1978). See also Shipman v. State, 639 P.2d 1248 (Okl. Cr. 1982); and Sowle v. State, 424 P.2d 993 (Okl.Cr. 1967). We find no error in the trial judge's action, or thewho was white, received life imprisonment. We find no evidence of prejudice on the part of the jury. The evidence showed the defendant was far more culpable than the co-defendant. He beat the victim, bound her head, and then left her to suffocate. Clearly, the punishment reflects the greater culpability of the appellant. The record is devoid of any indication of bias or prejudice, or that race was an issue at the trial. We hold the sentence was not imposed under the influence of passion, prejudice or any other arbitrary factor.
Secondly, it is clear the jury found all three of the aggravating circumstances alleged did apply to appellant, and further, that the jury's finding was based on ample evidence.[1]
The jury found the defendant had been convicted of a


605, 98 S.Ct. 2954, 2965, 57 L.Ed.2d 973 (1978) (footnote omitted), which means that we must focus on `relevant facets of the character and record of the individual offender.' Woodson v. North Carolina, 428 U.S. 280, 304, 96 *662 S.Ct. 2978, 2991, 49 L.Ed.2d 944 (1976). 102 S.Ct. at 3377.
This Court, in Hatch v. State, 662 P.2d 1377 (Okl.Cr. 1983), said:
We do not read Enmund to be an absolute ban on imposition of the death penalty on one who is convicted of first degree murder through the vehicle of the felony murder doctrine. Indeed the Supreme Court further stated in Enmund, `It would be very different if the likelihood of a killing in the course of the robbery were so substantial that one should share the blame forv. State, No. F-89-164 (Okl.Cr.Nov. 17, 1981); Hager v. State, 1369 (Okl.Cr. 1980).
[4]  Kelly v. State, 55 O.B.J. 2525 (Okl.Cr. 1984); Eddings v. State, 616 P.2d 1159 (Okl.Cr. 1980); as modified, 55 O.B.J. 1633 (Okl.Cr. 1984); Morgan v. State, No. F-79-487 (Okl.Cr. Nov. 14, 1983); (Unpublished); Johnson v. State, 665 P.2d 815 (Okl.Cr. 1982); Glidewell v. State, 663 P.2d 738 (Okl.Cr. 1983); Jones v. State, 660 P.2d 634 (Okl.Cr. 1983); Driskell v. State, 659 P.2d 343 (Okl.Cr. 1983); Boutwell v. State, 659 P.2d 322 (Okl.Cr. 1983); Munn v. State, 658 P.2d 482 (Okl.Cr. 1983); Odum v. State, 651 P.2d 703 (Okl.Cr. 1982); Burrows v. State, 640 P.2d 533 (Okl.Cr. 1982); Franks v. State, 636 P.2d 361 (Okl.Cr. 1981); Irvin v. State, 617 P.2d 588 (Okl.Cr. 1980).


phase), healthcare providers will give you treatments to make your AML go into remission. Remission means there are no longer any signs of leukemia. After you are in remission, you will receive the next phase of treatment called postremission treatment. The goal of this phase it to kill any hidden leukemia cells and help you stay in remission.

Chemotherapy medicine is used to kill cancer cells. During induction, your healthcare provider may give you 2 or more kinds of chemotherapy.

A bone marrow or stem cell transplant is used to put bone marrow or stem cells into your blood through an IV. The stem cells go to your bone marrow and begin to make new blood cells.

What can I do to manage my AML?

Prevent bleeding and bruising. Be careful with
Show HN: Animation CPU new programming platform with a realtime reverse debugger - ellis0n
Hi, I'm author next generation mobile programming platform Animation CPU and looking a way how to fund my project
Animation CPU is new BASIC
Animation CPU architecture pure & minimalistic, optimized for speed, privacy & security
AnimationCPU is mobile programming platform for gamers, programmers and twitch streamers
Play & develop new worlds on mobiles together
New live coding IDE with reverse debugger
Programs will never halt or crash
https://www.instagram.com/animationcpu/
UI/UX IDE short video:
https://vimeo.com/363434798
Full video with demo app:
https://vimeo.com/346007625
Please share
Here is live coding session 24/7:
https://www.twitch.tv/ellips0nspice/
Best regards, Victor
======
brudgers
Is there a website?


of computers, and mixing and
matching was important for me.

I worry if we'll have less options down the road.

~~~
guan
Most ARM chips are BGA.

~~~
zxcdw
Though as far as I'm aware there's no inherent reason for this - apart from
cost.

One of the things which has made PC so awesome since the early 90's has been
the vast array of hardware available - you can just plug something out, plug
something else in and boom, it runs faster, better and it's _easy_. You don't
have to wait 12 months for a "new version of _The PC_ ". It's an open
platform, we all love open platforms, don't we?

~~~
bunderbunder
> Though as far as I'm aware there's no inherent reason for this - apart from
> cost.

Cost and size. The bread-and-butter market for ARM is consumer electronic
devices, where size reallydo that.

In the cheap processor is married to the low-end motherboard and the expensive
processor is married to the high end motherboard world you couldn't. To get
the higher end features you would have to buy the expensive processor, even if
you didn't need it.


Jesus Rojas

Antonio Cardenal Caldera (15 June 1950 – 11 April 1991), also known by the nom de guerre Jesus Rojas (Red Jesus), was a Nicaraguan and a major leader of the FMLN (Farabundo Martí National Liberation Front) resistance movement in late-20th century El Salvador.

Early life
Born in Nicaragua to a prominent family, Cardenal was one of the ten children of Julio Cardenal and Indiana Caldera. His father's cousins included Ernesto Cardenal and his brother Fernando, both priests who adhered to liberation theology. Cardenal decided to pursue a career in the Jesuit seminary. After being  sent to El Salvador as a priest, Cardenal was profoundly impacted by the anti-Jesuit violence he witnessed perpetrated by the Salvadoran government. Due to these events, he went underground as a rebel leader ofMechanisms of xenin-induced anorectic response in chicks (Gallus gallus).
We recently reported that the 25 amino acid peptide xenin caused reduced feed intake when centrally injected in chicks. The present study was designed to explore possible mechanisms of the xenin-induced anorexigenic response in chicks. In Experiments 1 and 2, chicks were implanted with cannulas and xenin injections were made directly into the ventromedialis hypothalami (VMH). Chicks responded with reduced feed intake and increased c-Fos immunoreactivity at the VMH. In Experiment 3 chicks that received co-intracerebroventricular (ICV) injection of naloxone and a dose of xenin (100 pmol), that alone does not affect feed intake, had reduced feed intake. In Experiment 4, chicks responded to ICV xenin with reduced feed- but increased exploratory-pecking. Thus, we conclude that xenin may mediate its


Reconstruction of the lower lip with a fan-shaped flap based on the facial artery.
A modification of McGregor's fan-shaped flap is described, based on the facial artery instead of the labial artery. The flap appears to have some advantages when compared with McGregor's original flap. A case of squamous cell carcinoma of the lower lip is presented in which the excisional defect was repaired with this flap.many micrograms are there in one tenth of a gram?
100000
What is 1/10 of a kilogram in grams?
100
What is three fifths of a micrometer in nanometers?
600
Convert 399387.8mm to centimeters.
39938.78
What is one twentieth of a tonne in grams?
50000
Convert 23323.07 grams to nanograms.
23323070000000
Convert 5902.44km to nanometers.
5902440000000000
What is 48.52955mm in meters?
0.04852955
How many minutes are there in 8423.775 days?
12130236
How many milligrams are there in twenty-six fifths of a gram?
5200
How many nanoseconds are there in six fifths of a microsecond?
1200
What is 12.49823 tonnes in micrograms?
12498230000000
What is 2/21 of a week in seconds?
57600
What is 92614.45 millilitres in litres?
92.61445
How many milliseconds are there in 3/5 of a minute?
36000
What is 2856.356 kilometers in centimeters?
285635600
Convert 999.968 millennia to months.
11999616
What is 80204.52g in nanograms?
80204520000000
How many millimeters are there in fourty-six fifths of a centimeter?
92
How many nanometers are there in


Summary

The Foster kids attend a Mexican street festival, but the fun day takes a turn when emotions flare up. With help from Wyatt, Callie works to overcome her recent bout of panic attacks by learning to trust her instincts, but an encounter with someone from the past threatens to violently derail her progress. Mat surprises Mariana with a date at the festival and is confused when Mariana seems offended. Jesus tries to impress Hayley but she wants him to prove he’s with her for more than just sex. Meanwhile, Mike and Ana make plans to right past wrongs.were worthless and just a ruse to get people’s votes. Labour is still misleading voters even now.

Having previously argued against a second EU referendum it is now party policy to hold to a “public vote”. He has already misled Leavers, but he could be misleading Remainers too. How can anyone trust the party of Corbyn?

Corbyn’s Labour knows its record of dishonesty has been rumbled by the public. Any dog in the street could see that Labour voters who voted Leave have been flocking to the newly-formed Brexit Party, so how did Corbyn react? Typically, he ran a campaign that was lying on stilts. Accusing the Brexit Party of being far-right, he categorised Nigel Farage and those who might support the Brexit Party of being in a camp of


m. Let a(z) = z**2 + 6*z - 7. Let j be a(-7). Solve -3*b - o = -4*l - 12, -4*b - 4*l - 8 = j for b.
0
Let i be (-115)/(-4) - (-1)/((-12)/9). Suppose -5*n + t = -62 - i, 0 = 3*n - 4*t - 71. Solve 0 = -2*x - 2*h - 4, h + n = 5*x - 3*h for x.
1
Let v be 4/(-18) + 29/9. Suppose 5*p = 5*d - 0*d, -2*p - 4 = -v*d. Suppose -2*z + p*f + 12 = 0, 0*f + 5*f + 15 = -5*z. Solve h - 1 = g, -g - 17 = 3*h - z for g.
-5
Suppose -3*v + 53 = 2*v - 3*y, 5*v + 4*y = 81. Solve 0 =- 37. Let x be w(q). Solve 0 = k + 2*a - x, -2*a - 13 = 5*k + 2*a for k.
-5
Suppose -47 = -4*n - 19. Let w = 141 - 131. Let b = w - n. Solve b*y - a + 2*a = 17, -5*y + a = -15 for y.
4
Suppose 0 = f + 4*f + 15. Let r(n) be the third derivative of -n**4/24 + 7*n**3/6 + 9*n**2. Let d be r(f). Solve 0 = -4*z - y + 2*y + d, 2*z - 2 = -y for z.
2
Suppose -13*r = -14*r + 13. Solve 0 = -o - 2*z + 5*z + r, 10 = -2*z for o.
-2
Let v(y) be the second derivative of y**4/12 + y**3 + 3*y**2/2 + 3*y.


Xanthogranulomatous inflammation of the peripancreatic region mimicking pancreatic cystic neoplasm.
Xanthogranulomatous inflammation (XGI) is histopathologically characterized by a marked proliferative fibrosis, parenchymal destruction, and infiltration of foamy histiocytes intermixed with other inflammatory cells. Herein, we report a case of a 73-year-old man without symptoms who was initially diagnosed with a pancreatic cystic tumor but later with XGI in the peripancreatic region. Although XGI has been reported to occur in various organs or tissues, such as the gallbladder, kidney, bone, stomach, colon, appendix, lymph nodes, and soft tissues, XGI involving the pancreas or its surrounding tissues is extremely rare. When a pancreatic cystic lesion does not have typical clinicoradiological features of common pancreatic cystic neoplasms, this pathologic condition should be considered in the differential diagnosis.Split Rock Wildway

The Split Rock Wildway is a proposed wildlife corridor between the Split Rock Wild Forest and the Jay Mountain Wilderness Area in the eastern Adirondack Park in Essex County, New York. The area is located within the Champlain Valley along Lake Champlain. The Wildway captures a diversity of natural communities in the northern hardwood forest ecosystem, including low-lying clayplain forests, wetlands, the Boquet River floodplain forest, montane spruce-fir forests, and sub-alpine flora. The Champlain Valley is a major flyway for hawks, songbirds, and waterfowl; of the 193 birds that breed in the Adirondacks, 155 are found in the valley. The Wildway provides habitat for a variety of wildlife, including mink, otter, white-tailed deer, fisher, and bobcats. The northernmost population of eastern timber rattlesnakes, an endangered species


glide over the paper. Generally, coated papers tend to be more smooth while uncoated ones have a rough texture. Other specialty papers, such as cotton paper, will have a woven texture, much like a shirt or fabric.

Drying Time

When you write on paper, the ink laid down takes some time to dry completely without smearing. The dry-time factor has a lot to do with the specific ink used (fast-dry inks for example), but will all conditions being equal, some papers dry faster others. As a good rule of thumb, smooth and coated papers tend to take longer to dry than uncoated, rough papers. As well, a paper than greatly resists bleed and feathering will tend to take longer to dry, as the ink must evaporate instead of being absorbed.

Rulings

Ifperforated sheets as well as their WebNotebook line.

Color: Available only as White Feathering: None, expect on ink drips and wet flex pens Bleed-through: Absolutely none Show-through: Very minimal even though the paper is not thick Texture: Extremely smooth, like writing on glass Dry Time: Long, but less than Tomoe River. Rulings: Can be found as Blank, Lined, Dot, or Graph Sizes: Can be found in full A4, A5, and pocket sized pads and notebooks Price: $14.50 for an A4 pad of 80 sheets. Availability: Pads and notebooks offered and can be found at most online retailers Amazon: Link Here

Clairefontaine

Clairefontaine paper is actually made by the same company that makes Rhodia paper so the paper quality is beyond superb. Like Rhodia, Clairefontaine has a large number of offerings in


see in bookstores and other retailers. Often lauded as a great notebook brand, their paper works well for pencils, ball points and rollerballs. However, their paper performs terribly with fountain pens, feathering like a tissue and often bleeding through onto the second sheet. Personally, I stay as clear away from Moleskine as I can as the paper just does not work for me. Some people have found success using Extra-Fine (EF) nibs on the notebooks, but not many.

Let me you know favorite papers or papers that you just hate in the comments!

(Product images are credit to JetPens and were used with written permission.)Q:

Nesting Multiple Applications

Is it possible to have separate multiple MVC projects within a single hosting environment?
For example I have one MVC 4 project uploaded to an external hosting environment located in the root folder and I would like to add a sub folder to host the second MVC 4 project. I have successfully published the second MVC4 project to the sub folder but when I try and access the second project I get a 403 Forbidden error or if I try to pass a specific URL I get a 404 The resource cannot be found error.
I have checked the FTP sub folder and it contains all the relevant folders and files, web.config, bin, etc...
For example if I try www.mydomain.com (1st MVC project) and any URL related to that


already being hit by the early withdrawal of government subsidies, according to a survey of lenders.

In June, UK ministers said new onshore wind farms would be excluded from a subsidy scheme from 1 April 2016.

Research for industry body Scottish Renewables suggests investors are now less willing to lend to projects.

The UK government said it was taking urgent action to address the projected overspend on subsidies.

It has previously said there are already enough subsidised wind energy projects in the pipeline.

The announcement that the Renewables Obligation (RO) – funded by levies added to household bills – would be withdrawn a year earlier than expected has been criticised by Scottish Renewables.

A survey, carried out on its behalf by EY, asked 10 major lenders about their willingness to provide investment.

Of the sevenonshore wind projects in Scotland have been put at risk.

Matthew Yard, assistant director at EY, said: “The results of the survey indicate that raising project finance for UK onshore wind RO projects has become more complex, more expensive and increasingly difficult since the announcement of the early closure of the RO.

“Those banks that have indicated they are considering lending to UK onshore wind RO projects are now seeking better terms and some form of mitigation against a situation with no RO revenue.”

BBC News

****

At the risk of sounding like a broken record, we’ve said it before, and we’ll keep saying it – the wind industry exists – and ONLY exists – for one single purpose: to wallow in a massive subsidy stream that – in order to keep this


T/\text{GeV}\right)  $. The energy loss due to synchrotron radiation in the Galactic magnetic field and inverse Compton scattering on CMB photons and on Galactic starlight is described in the third term. The rate of energy loss is $b\left(  T\right)
=T^{2}/($GeV $\tau_{T})$, where $\tau_{T}=10^{16}$ s is the energy loss time. The fourth term is the effect of convective wind. The last term accounts for the annihilation of the produced matter(s) in the interstellar medium, H and He atoms, with annihilation rate $\Gamma_{ann}$ in the disk of thickness $2h\simeq0.2$ kpc, and hence it is provided as a negative source term. The relevant coefficients were parameterized, and the established (transport) parameters were estimated from the analysis of observed isotope ratios in cosmic rays, primarily the boron to carbon (B/C) ratiomomentum dependent parts by the familiar Gordon decomposition,$$\mu\overline{v}(p^{\prime})\sigma^{\mu\nu}q_{\nu}u(p)=i\mu\overline
{v}(p^{\prime})(2M\gamma^{\mu}+(p^{\prime}-p)^{\mu})u(p).$$ In the energy dependent part, we have the same type of coupling with the DM mass dependence as for electric charge. The original Sommerfeld enhancement factor is$$S=\frac{\pi\alpha_{\mu}/v}{1-e^{-\pi\alpha_{\mu}/v}}\overset{\alpha_{\mu}\gg
v}{\sim}\frac{\pi\alpha_{\mu}}{v},$$ where $v$ is the DM velocity $(\sim10^{-3})$. In the original form, $\alpha_{\mu}$ is the electric fine structure constant, but $\alpha_{\mu
}=16\pi\mu^{2}M^{2}$ in this case. We do not find series of resonances because the potential is not localized. We have the enhancement $S\simeq16$ for the DM mass of 100 GeV and magnetic dipole $\mu\simeq0.1$ TeV$^{-1}$. According to the recent work [@Trs09; @Sga09], DMs annihilating after recombination may contribute to the CMB anisotropy spectrum, and the enhancement bound could be set up. The CMB bound is $S<\left(  120/f\right)  \left(  M/\text{TeV}\right)
$ where the parameter


$f$ indicates the average fraction of energy absorbed by the gas and depends on final states. The bound is slightly over $17$ for $e^{\pm}$ final state, $f\simeq0.7.$ Our enhancement factor lies very near the estimated bound. We can also consider an enhancement from the metastable bound state between DMs, called “WIMPonium". This production process from DMs annihilation is, however, kinematically forbidden, because the estimated kinetic energy $(\sim Mv^{2})$ with velocity $v$ $\sim10^{-3}$ is too small to incorporate the binding energy $(\sim M\alpha_{\mu}^{2})$.

The strength of magnetic dipole is, according to Ref. [@heo09], almost constant for the DM mass larger than 100 GeV, and thereby the enhancement increases in the square of the DM mass. Due to this reason, the fluxes, Eq. (7), must have the similar magnitude about thecould be in the form of subhalos. The contribution of subhalos to the flux could be constrained from analysis of CMB data which do not rely on uncertain assumptions of the DM distribution [@lpi11]. The subhalo boost factor has been predicted to be ten [@lpi11] at most. Extracting the accurate formalism of this boost factor is out of scope of this paper. Our subhalo boost factors must be in the reasonable range.

We also have the difference between predictions and experimental measurements or background at low energies ($\leq10$ GeV). It has been noticed that solar modulation effect we consider has no charge-sign dependence and has to be modified. This must be a future study.

The antiproton channels
-----------------------

The propagation of antiprotons is dominated by diffusion and the effect of the Galactic


Z$ final states[^7] in this scenario, in which Feynman diagrams are shown in Fig. 3. Such processes would yield the very distinctive feature of monoenergetic gamma-ray lines (monochromatic photons) with an energy $E_{\gamma}=M$ or $M\left(  1-m_{Z}^{2}/(2M)^{2}\right)  $. The full annihilation rates for the production of $\gamma\gamma$ are $\left\langle \sigma v\right\rangle _{\gamma\gamma}=\mu^{4}M^{2}/2\pi$ and $\left\langle \sigma v\right\rangle _{\gamma Z}=\mu^{4}M^{2}\beta_{Z}^{2}\tan^{2}\theta_{W}/4\pi$ for $\gamma Z.$ The contributions for $\gamma\gamma$ and $\gamma Z$ final states are suppressed by the magnetic dipole $\mu^{4}$, and the $\gamma Z$ final state has an additional suppression with Weinberg angle $\tan^{2}\theta_{W}$.

We restrict our analysis to the possible signals from the Galactic halo for a complementarity in the case of the positrons, and the same boost factors[^8] $B=30,50,80$ are selected. We compare our predictions to experimental observations inPhys. Rev. D **83**, 023518 (2011), arXiv:0908.0195.

P. Chardonnet, G. Mignola, P. Salati, R. Taillet, Phys. Lett. B **384**, 161 (1996), astro-ph/9606174.

L. Bergstrom, J. Edsjo, P. Ullio, Astrophys. J. **526**, 215 (1999), astro-ph/9902012.

A.M. Lionetto, A. Morselli, V. Zdravkovic, J. Cosmol. Astropart. Phys. **09**, **** 010 (2005), astro-ph/0502406 ; T. Bringmann, P. Salati, Phys. Rev. D **75**, 083006 (2007), astro-ph/0612514.

O. Adriani *et al*. \[PAMELA Collaboration\], Phys. Rev. Lett. **105 (12)**, 121101 (2010), arXiv:1007.0821.

Y. Asaoka *et al*., Phys. Rev. Lett. **88**, 051101 (2002), astro-ph/0109007.

M. Boezio *et al*. \[WIZARD/CAPRICE Collaboration\], Astrophys. J. **561**, 787 (2001), astro-ph/0103513.

J.W. Mitchell *et al*., Phys. Rev. Lett. **76**, 3057 (1996).

A.A. Abdo *et al.* \[Fermi LAT Collaboration\]*,* Phys. Rev. Lett. **104**, 101101 (2010), arXiv:1002.3603.

A.W. Strong, I. V. Moskalenko, O. Reimet, Astrophys. J. **613**, 956 (2004), astro-ph/0405441; Astrophys. J.


Mobile electronic devices (e.g., cellular phones, watches, headphones, remote controls, etc.) have become more complex than ever, and now commonly include multiple processors, system-on-chips (SoCs), and other resources that allow mobile device users to execute complex and power-intensive software applications (e.g., video streaming, video processing, etc.) on their mobile devices. With this rise in complexity and power consumption, new and improved processing technologies that better utilize the mobile device's resources and capabilities are beginning to emerge.
These emerging technologies include systems capable of compiling code that is designed for execution on a general purpose applications processor so that the code is suitable for execution on an auxiliary processor, such as a digital signal processor (or DSP). In particular, an application program may be partitioned into units or chunks, andQ:

How to join two large CSV files?

I have two large .csv files that I would like to join.
file1.csv has the following structure:
productcode; *many useless columns* ; startdate; enddate; *some other useless columns*

file2.csv has the following structure:
productcode; *many useless columns different from file1* ; page; startdate; enddate; *some othe useless columns*

I would like to join the two files into a file (let's say, out.csv) with the same structure as file1.csv but with the "page" column from file2.csv, i.e.
productcode; *useless columns* ; page; startdate; enddate; *useless columns*

The join conditions are same productcode and overlapping dates, i.e.:
file1.productcode == file2.productcode

and
!(file1.endate<file2.startdate or file2.enddate<file1.startdate)

However, I have no idea on how to do that. One possibility could be to export the two CSVs into MySql, process them and then export the result in a final


CSV file. However, that takes time (and is resource consuming).
I'm open to any suggestions.

A:

Load them with pandas and use the function .join() to join both with the column reference you need

stenosis to allow the resumption of increased blood flow through the dilated artery.
One frequently used type of angioplasty catheter is an over-the-wire type catheter which has an inner lumen extending within the catheter shaft which is configured to slidably receive a guidewire which facilitates advancement of the catheter over the guidewire to the desired location within the patient's coronary arteries. The guidewire receiving inner lumen may extend the entire length of the catheter as in conventional over-the-wire catheters or only in the distal portion of the catheter between a distal guidewire port and a proximal guidewire port which is spaced a short distance proximally from the distal guidewire port and a substantial distance from the proximal end of the catheter as in rapid exchange type catheters.
It is not


killing by UV-B but not UV-C radiation as compared to skin fibroblasts from normal individuals. DNA repair studies indicated that the increased sensitivity of BCNS skin fibroblasts to killing by UV-B radiation was not due to a defect in the excision repair of pyrimidine dimers. These results indicate that there is an association between hypersensitivity of somatic cells to killing by UV-B radiation and the genetic predisposition to skin cancer in BCNS patients. In addition, these results suggest that DNA lesions (and repair processes) other than the pyrimidine dimer are also involved in the pathogenesis of sunlight-induced skin cancers in BCNS patients. More important, the UV-B sensitivity assay described here may be used as a diagnostic tool to identify presymptomatic individuals with BCNS.Transgender student Sage Lovell, Walton High junior gets elected to Homecoming Court

Sage Lovell stands with her adoring dad making history in conservative Cob County Georgia.

As transgender people have gained acceptance, the real battle for our future, and one we are wining is in the nation’s schools. Even so, Sage wasn’t expecting the cheers and shouts of joy heralding her win.

Her school erupted in cheers

“I couldn’t stop smiling,” said Sage, who said she heard word of the final vote count while in her homeroom class. “My entire homeroom erupted in very loud cheering. Apparently it was able to be heard from across the school.” So excited and honored to be on the Junior class homecoming court!! — Sage Lovell (@sagey_ragey) October 2, 2014 As for being elected to homecoming


Shiite movement Ansar Allah, known as the Houthis, is the only force in Yemen fighting al-Qaeda in the Arabian Peninsula (AQAP) terrorist organization, Vladimir Dedushkin, said.

According to the envoy, al-Qaeda and the Islamic State terrorist groups in recent years strengthened their positions in Yemen "like never before, since the entire eastern part of Yemen, nearly 70 percent of the country, is largely controlled by extremists."

"Now only Ansar Allah fights al-Qaeda at the same time withstanding the onslaught of the coalition and the army of President [Abd Rabbuh Mansour] Hadi," Dedushkin told RIA Novosti.

He added that as the Yemeni crisis increases anarchy in the country it creates a breeding ground for terrorists, who arrive in Yemen from abroad, including from Syria.

"Therefore, there is a serious risk that if the30.11.2017 - reginajohn(http://jrhonest.com/cryptocurrency-codex-review/)
While Bitcoin was one of the first currencies to hit the global network, it certainly isn’t the only one. Most of the digital currencies out there use some of the code found in Bitcoin, and nearly all of them use the blockchain.


load, and to buy a split second of time. Like the leg kick, this is a good example of what I call ‘functional funk,’ which might look a bit weird to the eye, but actually helps him coordinate his delivery. This is an area where I often disagree with other scouts and coaches, because what they see as ugly, I see as something that can disrupt a hitter’s ability to pick up the baseball. Funk can work as an edge for deception, as long as it’s mechanically efficient. In the video I saw, Bowden had pretty good posture on his fastball at release point, but he got on top of some curveballs by sacrificing posture to get a higher release. It’s a common trend that is correctable throughJapan). The sequences of amplification primers for *METTL3*, *METTL14*, *WTAP*, *ALKBH5*, *FTO*, *YTHDF2*, and GAPDH are listed in [Table 2](#tab2){ref-type="table"}. The relative levels of transcripts were derived by the 2^-*Δ*Ct^ method \[[@B20], [@B21]\].

2.4. Blood Routine, Urinary Routine, Serum Inflammatory Indicators, and Autoantibody Determination {#sec2.4}
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

The items in blood routine and urinary routine were detected using Sysmex-x2100 (SYSMEX, Kobe, Japan) and SysmexUF-1000i (SYSMEX, Japan). Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) was determined by the BlessLBY-XC40B automatic ESR analyzer (Bless, Beijing, China) according to the manufacturer\'s instructions. The levels of C-reactive protein (CRP), immunoglobulin G (IgG), complement 3 (C3), and complement 4 (C4) in serum were determined by nephelometry methods using IMMAGE800 system (Beckman, CA, USA). Anti-dsDNA of IgG in serum was measured by commercially available enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits (Kexin, Shanghai,


were obtained, *Y* = −326.128 X1(*METTL*3) − 74.188 (*WTAP*) − 414.645 X3(*ALKBH*5) − 15.042 X4(*FTO*) − 0.106 X2(*YTHDF*2) + 6.197. The results demonstrated that the decreased expression of *ALKBH5* in peripheral blood was a risk factor for SLE (*P* \< 0.001), while other molecules are not (*P* \> 0.050). Furthermore, the mRNA level of peripheral blood *ALKBH5* in other inflammatory disorders including RA, TB, and HBV-infected patients was detected and compared with that in SLE patients. Results showed that the mRNA level of peripheral blood *ALKBH5* in SLE patients was significantly lower compared to RA patients (*P* = 0.003) ([Figure 4(a)](#fig4){ref-type="fig"}), HBV-infected patients (*P* \< 0.0001) ([Figure 4(b)](#fig4){ref-type="fig"}), and TB patients (*P* \< 0.0001) ([Figure 4(c)](#fig4){ref-type="fig"}).

3.5. Correlations between the Levels of Peripheral Blood METTL3, WTAP, ALKBH5, FTO, and YTHDF2 and Clinical Variables insemi-quantitative scale ranging between 0 (no reactivity) to IV (extremely high reactivity). The class III and IV reactive foods for Patient A are shown.

At the 49-day follow-up, she reported strict adherence to our dietary protocol. She experienced a cessation of asthma attacks as well as early morning and nighttime coughing since the last visit ([Table 3](#T3){ref-type="table"}). She had contracted an upper respiratory infection, which in the past would have triggered an asthma exacerbation. However, for the first time in years, she could clear her sputum easily and did not need increased pharmacological interventions. She reported no need for her albuterol inhaler since the last visit ([Table 1](#T1){ref-type="table"}). Her asthma symptom severity continued to decrease ([Figure](#F1){ref-type="fig"}) and she lost an additional 2.2 kg. We recommended that she continue following


his symptomatic relief while following the elimination diet, he still preferred to consume high-reactivity foods. Long-term consequences of persistent asthma can cause permanent and irreversible airway remodeling.^[@R32]^ Pediatricians and family physicians who provide children therapeutic dietary modifications for asthma management may face the challenge of a noncompliant patient and parents whose primary goal is to wean their children off of medications. These situations can be dangerous. It is important to encourage in-office discussions with the child and parents about whether the dietary modifications are realistic. It is also important to stress to parents that strict compliance to pharmacological therapy is important when the child is unable to comply with dietary recommendations in order to avoid asthma exacerbations.

Based on the presented cases, in patients with poorly controlled asthma, physiciansAccord
uses to determine whether claims on a foreign government
[[Page 8583]] or bank qualify for placement in a lower risk category.
As part of this review, the Basle Committee reassessed whether
membership in the OECD (or the conclusion of special lending
arrangements with the IMF) would, by itself, be sufficient to ensure
that only countries with relatively low transfer risk would continue to
be eligible for lower risk weight treatment.
On July 15, 1994, the Basle Committee made an announcement to
clarify that the reference in the Basle Accord to OECD members applies
to all current members of the organization. The announcement also
stated that it is the Basle Committee's intention, subject to national
consultation, to record a change to the Basle Accord in 1995 that would
modify the definition of the OECD-based group of countries for risk-
based capital purposes.


is amended by revising footnote 12 in
section II.B.2. to read as follows:
Appendix A to Part 325--Statement of Policy on Risk-Based Capital
* * * * *
II. * * *
B. * * *
2. * * *\12\ * * *
\12\The OECD-based group of countries comprises all full members
of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD),
as well as countries that have concluded special lending
arrangements with the International Monetary Fund (IMF) associated
with the IMF's General Arrangements to Borrow, but excludes any
country that has rescheduled its external sovereign debt within the
previous five years. The OECD includes the following countries:
Australia, Austria, Belgium, Canada, Denmark, Finland, France,
Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Japan, Luxembourg, Mexico,
the Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden,
Switzerland, Turkey, the United Kingdom and the United States. Saudi
Arabia has concluded special lending arrangementssummer." "Are you kidding me?" "How was it?" "It was fucking nice." "I sat there and just.." "Then it couldn't have been very.." "I'm really scared William will try to go down on me." "Vilde, there's no Norwegian guy who will do it." "It's true, while we suck dick for dear life." "Snapchat from William!" "He's wondering when we're coming." "When are you gonna go to Jonas?" "We were supposed to call." "I can call him." "[That snapchat to Vilde was directed towards you.]" "Can't we go in half an hour?" "[You can't use Vilde this way.]" "No, oh my god!" "Now we're going to talk about image, concept." "That's why we're here." "Right?" "Yes." "What kind of concept would you like?" "Jonas' phone is turned off or


Be strict with yourself, but charitable and forgiving
with everyone else. There is a lot of openness for a variety of views on
theological and practical matters. This is good. The runners are allowed to
run, while those who can only walk are just as acceptable in their walking.

Did you ever consider any of the other
apostolic faiths (Roman/ Eastern Catholicism, Oriental Orthodoxy)? If so, why
did you ultimately choose Eastern Orthodox Christianity?

I really had no need to look further once entering an
Orthodox church and experiencing the worship there. I was open to possibly
being disappointed by it and needing to visit other churches. But, I really
didn't need to go very far to know that I was where I needed to be.

What are the main differences or changes you
have seen in your life sincedidn't sprout for some time.

Along the way I picked up little bits of interesting facts about Orthodoxy: their view of the priesthood, early narratives about the Apostles and early Christianity that seemed to run counter to the Great Apostasy narrative, and especially views about Theosis. I still found many foundational doctrines to be ridiculous (like the Trinity) but I couldn't shake this idea that Orthodoxy had kept true doctrines in a special way through history.

On my mission I considered myself an "expert" in early Christian history based on my knowledge gained from my history books as well as The Great Apostasy by James E. Talmage. I studied that book front-to-back and believed every word of it. One day, while knocking doors in West Texas, I knocked into the


house of an Orthodox deacon. I believe he was a deacon - I have searched through my journals and can't find a precise retelling of the event. In any case, when I started to talk with him about all the errors that I saw in early Christian history, he quickly put me in my place. He repeatedly stated that he didn't want to argue with me, but I kept badgering him and finally he threw down a bunch of facts and saints from the first few centuries of Christianity that really shut me up. I realized that I had swallowed the Mormon narrative of early Christianity but that this narrative may have very little to do with what actually happened. I was pretty humbled. But again, this nurturedthe seed that had begun to grow within me.

After my mission, I decided to begin to learn about Christian doctrine, not from the point of view of Mormon apologetics, but from the point of view of faithful Christians. It's the same courtesy I wanted others to take from Mormons.

At this same time my faith in Mormonism began to waver. Deep down, Mormonism had never really answered the deepest existential questions I had about reality. Why is reality the way it is and not another way? Where did God come from? Is God the member of a heavenly family? What grounds goodness and morality? Even as a young teenager these questions bothered me (in a very rudimentary and undisciplined way, before I really studied philosophy and theology). I had


County. MD 343 then entered Cambridge along its current path but turned north onto High Street to pass through downtown Cambridge. MD 16 then entered Cambridge along Race Street (now MD 341) and turned east onto Washington Street. MD 551 was established by 1946. When MD 343 was removed from downtown Cambridge in 1956, it was rerouted to a new eastern terminus at MD 16 at the intersection of Washington and Race streets, thus replacing MD 551.

MD 554

Maryland Route 554 was the designation for a pair of highways in Severn in western Anne Arundel County. The designation was originally assigned to Telegraph Road from Odenton north to the MD 170–MD 174 intersection in Severn. At that time, MD 170 turned west at Severn to head toward Fort Georgefriends since they are still struggling in the modeling world. Both announced publicly that they are dating on April 24 this year, unfortunately, the relationship ended on August 18, 2017. It is unfortunate that both should split up when they haven’t spent that long being in a relationship.

2. Kai and Krystal

Image Source: W Korea

EXO Kai and f(x) Krystal both work under SM Entertainment. Born in the same year (1994), the two have been friends since they were trainees. Although they are busy with their own schedules, they decide to start dating in the middle of their activities. After dating for a year and a month, Kai and Krystal broke up on May 31, 2017.

3. Shin Ha Kyun and Kim Go Eun

Image Source: Cosmopolitan, In Style

Shin Ha Kyun and


R. Allatini

Rose Laure Allatini (23 January 1890 in Vienna — 23 November 1980 in Rye, Sussex) was an Austrian-British novelist who wrote under the pseudonyms R. Allatini, A.T. Fitzroy, Mrs Cyril Scott, Lucian Wainwright, and  Eunice Buckley. She is best known for her 1918 novel Despised and Rejected (written under the pen name A T Fitzroy), which was banned under the Defence of the Realm Act as it combines themes of pacifism and homosexuality which were thought "likely to prejudice the recruiting of persons to serve on His Majesty's Forces". Despised and Rejected was published by C. W. Daniel and was taken up by the Bloomsbury Group. The novel has been described by Angela K. Smith as drawing a connection between the persecution of homosexuals and thetype="button" class="btn btn-labeled btn-secondary">Right</button>

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{% endhighlight %}

Off canvas offcanvas.js

Example

The offcanvas plugin allows you to hide an element from sight and than show it by moving either that or any other element. It's intended to be used for off canvas navigation, like push menus.


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            hidden.bs.offcanvas
            This event is fired when the modal has finished being hidden from the user (will wait for CSS transitions to complete).

         <button type="button" class="close" data-dismiss="modal" aria-label="Close">
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This modal proves that JavaScript events are triggered correctly by rowlink.

{% highlight html %}


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-   For the case when the boundary layer solution is decreasing, the analysis can be adopted directly since in such a case the basic energy estimate is not self-contained. Even so, if the strength of the boundary layer solution is small, one can use the smallness of both the initial energy and the strength of the boundary layer solution to yield a nonlinear stability result similar to that of the case when the boundary layer solution is increasing.

-   For the nonlinear stability of supersonic rarefaction wave corresponding to the Case II


when three letters picked without replacement from {q: 5, x: 5, h: 2, m: 3}?
6/91
Calculate prob of picking 2 v when two letters picked without replacement from yvlvv.
3/10
Calculate prob of picking 1 o, 2 f, and 1 t when four letters picked without replacement from {u: 3, f: 2, p: 2, t: 3, o: 4, n: 4}.
1/255
Three letters picked without replacement Interference and fading are significant impediments to achieving high data rates in today's wireless communication systems. Given the tendency for channel conditions to sporadically and significantly fade, communication resources are conservatively allocated, leaving excessive amounts of communication resources unused most of the time. Efforts to combat the impact of fading include incorporating transmission diversity or controlling modulation and coding techniques in relation to channel conditions.
Spatial diversity is typically a function of the number and placement of transmit and receive antennas relative to a transmitter and receiver. Systems employing spatial diversity with multiple transmit and receive antennas are generally referred to as multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems. Accordingly, a transmitting device will have M transmit antennas, and the receiving device will have N receive antennas. Space-time coding (STC) controls what


and x-quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM). The type of encoding for error correction and modulation techniques greatly influences the data rates, and their applicability is often a function of channel conditions.
In general, BLAST-type STC decoding techniques are defined as providing either joint or separate detection For joint detection, to detect a signal from one antenna, the signals transmitted by all of the other antennas must also be considered. In essence, the signals are detected as a set, not on an individual basis as is done with separate detection techniques. The optimum algorithm to facilitate BLAST decoding is maximum likelihood decoding (MLD), which is a joint detection technique. MLD obtains a diversity order equal to the number of receive antennas, independent of the number of transmit antennas. Hence, compared toInterested in advertising your company or product on this site?
Contact us
for more information!

Topic ID #34054 - posted 11/19/2014 8:43 AM

Archaeology for Autism - Interview with founder Tom Penders

ArcheoWebby

On episode 47 of the CRM Archaeology Podcast we interview Archaeology for Autism founder Tom Penders. They still need artifacts for their event so listen to the show for details on where to send orphan collections or experimental archaeology artifacts.


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in the height of summer (in excess of 45°C) and was transported to the garden city of Al Ain, in the middle of the Arabian desert. From a professional perspective, it was one of the best decisions I have made. The UAEU faculty comprised mostly expatriate academics and support staff with a wealth of knowledge and experience who too had had to make the often difficult decision to leave "home", sometimes without their families, in search of, amongst other reasons, a different (or for some, a similar) experience, adventure, research opportunities, a tax-free income or perhaps exiled from their home country because of political strife. At the time of my arrival (June 2006), faculty originated from more than 25 countries. While many were from the region (e.g. Syria,to 82 (average: 51 years), 40% being female, responded. Eighty-four percent reported being medically qualified. English was the home language of just over 60% of the respondents, with the majority claiming to speak at least one other language. When asked which country they considered home, 30% identified the UK, with next largest group of respondents (15%) falling into "difficult to say" category, which included comments such as "I don't feel attached to either country" or providing an answer with multiple countries. Of interest was the use of "now" by a number of respondents to indicate the country in which they were currently working as "home", transcending the idea of "home" being the country of birth. From my personal experience, currently working in a second country since leaving South


for example going from subsistence farming, to textiles, to electronics. But more complexity means managing more inputs, from raw materials to labour. The trouble is, in poor countries, supply chains can be unreliable.

Advertisement

To work out how this affects the development of a country’s economy, Charlie Brummitt of Columbia University in New York and his colleagues have created an agent-based model (ABM): a set of mathematical equations that describe the behaviours and interactions of each component of the economy. Then they let it run to see what happened.

A country in a computer

“Our ABM tries to capture the ratcheting way in which an economy manages to become more complex, despite the tendency of complexity to create more opportunities for disruption,” says Brummitt. “It allows us to understand how quick eventsthe meaning of “dope” and other terms relevant to

dealing contraband. Having considered all the factors, we see no merit in appellant’s

Rule 403 objection.    Casey, 215 S.W.3d at 880; Montgomery, 810 S.W.2d at 391.

Accordingly, we overrule appellant’s third issue.

                                       Conclusion

       Having resolved each of appellant’s issues against him, we affirm the judgment

of the trial court.


move into that by this time next year. The possibilities with 3D printing, especially for the world of costume design, are almost limitless. I truly believe that in the not so distant future, 3D digital modeling is going to become a high demand skill for top costume designers and their teams. It stands to revolutionize the business.

Amusement park characters, one of the most lucrative roles for costume designers where there is consistent need of work.

Pasotti is the surname of my grandmother (mother of my mother) which founded the company 60 years ago

She started producing umbrellas herself, alone, in her bedroom, selling them to local people and friends…. And step by step she founded the company.

{Red flower umbrella. This is the very first design my grandmother designer herself oversomething different and decided to graduate in telecommunications engineering, I thought that maybe I would have liked telecommunications better then umbrellas, but it seems I didn't, as I love my job now.

Hilary Duff holds a black Swarovski Elements umbrella by Pasotti.

Can you tell us a little about the production of an umbrella - where are your umbrellas produced? What are the main components of the umbrella and how do you assemble them?

Everything we do is 100% made in Italy, all our suppliers are Italians, and so all materials are.

All work is handmade; there are not many machines in our company, just sewing machines, although some stitching is handmade.

Finishing a bamboo handle

What sort of material is best used for the umbrella? Is the cloth made in Italy? What is


bows we will run in each silk. But they are so much a part of the personality of our brand. Each limited edition silk has a story and a reason for being. Whether it be a design such as memento mori that pays homage to the namesake art form, the Alhambra which drew from our investigations into geometric repeats, the Eugene, merely a change in spots from circles to rounded rectangles, the Amanda, a set of hearts tattooed on a young man's arm which inspired me to create a silk, Gaudi's Family, those wonderful stain glass windows in the Sagrada Familia, Il Gattorpardo, a tile on the floor of the manor house in the film adaptation of Lampedusa's masterpiece, Tanaka, a pavement or coy scale, Mio Capitaine, payinghomage to my family's merchant sailing roots or Marriage, the tongue in cheek poke at the institution that it is until death do us part. When you buy our limited editions, you purchase more than a silk bow tie. You purchase a story, small or tall. www.lenoeudpapillon.com

3D technology is only starting to emerge as a tool for architects and industrial designers and perhaps anarchists attempting to make their own guns at home, but the vast majority of us would perhaps have no interaction with that technology on a daily level. So at a recent conference Schmidt was ask to collaborate with architect Bitonti to turn 3D technology into something which could be worn by burlesque sensation Dita Von Teese. The dress is ground-breaking in what it is set


McDonald prefers to use earthy rustic leathers and treat them in ways which are in many ways more 'ancien' (eg: tie-dye) but by today's standards are somewhat unconventional. Where a Corthay shoe was about bright reflective finishes and sleek pointed designs, McDonald’s shoes seem to be more in line with the Australian landscape. They are wider, solid shoes with finishes which seem to be inspired by naturally occurring processes. I had never seen tie-dyed leather, nor the chalking effect, all of which you could easily assume one might find naturally occurring in the Australian bush.
The leathers that McDonald uses come from a variety of countries. Some of the leather is sourced in Australia, leathers such as a vegetan kangaroo leather are sourced directly from Victoria, however, the vastwith your world. I am learning this more and more, especially when you spend more time in the country.

Just when it might have been considered dead or that the trend might have died off, out comes a movie like Behind The Candelabra and gives us new inspiration. Behind The Candleabra is the story of Liberace's life in a period between 1977 and 1986 and the relationship that transpired between Liberace and Scott Thorson.

Whoever did the wardrobe deserves a big Oscar because it's some of the most lavish and superb design I have seen in some time. Garish, yes, but in it's absurdity you can see the art and it plays so well to the character of Liberace and the private and public worlds he creates. This morning I


Reform Act 1998 it is an offence -To supply alcohol to a person under the age of 18 years (Penalty exceeds $19,000) -For a person under the age of 18 years to purchase or receive liquor. (Penalty exceeds $800) -Liquor License No. 36124234if (is_a($appender, 'loggerappender')) {
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            unset($this->aai[$appender]);
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    }

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Featured Product

We produce and manufacture high quality antigens, proteins and enzymes for a wide range of life science research and diagnostic applications through novel extraction methodologies and classical chromatography techniques.

Our affinity purified antibodies are generated and produced with high specificity and reactivity for use in labeling and immobilizations for ELISAs, Western blotting, RIA and immunohistochemistry applications worldwide.

Streptolysin is a hemolysin produced by group A streptococci. In an infected individual streptolysin O acts as a protein antigen, and the patient mounts an antibody response. A rise in anti-streptolysin O level begins about 1 week after infection and peaks 2-3 weeks later. In the absence of complications or reinfection, the anti-streptolysin O ASO titer will usually fall to preinfection levels within 6-12 months. Both clinical and laboratory findings should bedieldrin), flame retardants (e.g., polybrominated diphenyl ethers), and additives to consumer goods (e.g., parabens, benzophenone, and synthetic musks such as galaxolide) \[[@B1-jcm-09-00405]\]. BPA is an EDC which was first synthesised in 1891 \[[@B12-jcm-09-00405]\] and is now widely used in a variety of products (e.g., plastics, lining of aluminium cans, and thermal receipts) \[[@B13-jcm-09-00405]\], thus representing one of the most frequently detected emerging pollutants in the environment \[[@B14-jcm-09-00405]\]. Structurally, BPA consists of a phenolic and hydroxyl group bound to an aromatic ring \[BPA chemical formula: (CH~3~)~2~C(C~6~H~4~OH)~2~\], which can bind to other compounds to form polymers when used in manufacturing \[[@B14-jcm-09-00405],[@B15-jcm-09-00405],[@B16-jcm-09-00405]\]. Certain conditions, such as heat and acidic or basic environments, can cause leaching of BPA to its surroundings, leading to potential environmental and human (predominantly oral) exposure to BPA


is, Fatty-Acid-Binding Protein 5 (FABP5). The most significantly upregulated genes in syncytialised BeWo cells following 3 nM BPA treatment were: Growth Hormone Releasing Hormone (GHRH), followed by UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 2B10 (UGT2B10), Carbonic anhydrase-related protein 11 (CA11), Natural resistance-associated macrophage protein 1 (SLC11A1), Rab proteins geranylgeranyltransferase component A1 (CHM), OTU domain-containing protein 7A (OTUD7A), Envoplakin-like protein (EVPLL), Envoplakin-like protein (SLFNL1), Excitatory amino acid transporter 5 (SLC1A7), and Sulfotransferase 1C4 (SULT1C4).

When syncytialised BeWo cells were treated with 10 nM BPA, the most significantly upregulated genes were: Sodium-dependent phosphate transporter 2 (SLC20A2), Probable tubulin polyglutamylase (TTLL9), Arginyl-tRNA-protein transferase 1 (ATE1), Adhesion G protein-coupled receptor A2 (GPR124), Golgi-associated plant pathogenesis-related protein 1 (GLIPR2), Tumour necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 6 (FAS), Multiple inositol polyphosphate phosphatase 1 (MINPP1), Protein transport protein Sec61 subunit gammametabolism, and energy pathways for 3 nM BPA-treated syncytialised BeWo cells ([Figure 6](#jcm-09-00405-f006){ref-type="fig"}A,B). The 23 genes that are involved in metabolism are: UGT2B10, CA11, HS3ST3A1, CBR1, NQO1, CHM, AGPAT4, NMRK1, BDH2, PHKG1, GFPT1, COX11, CP, NOX1, GSTM5, RNGTT, GGTLC1, SULT1C4, CYCS, MAN2A2, NPL, SRD5A1, and ABHD1. These genes appear to create an extensive and diverse network ([Figure 6](#jcm-09-00405-f006){ref-type="fig"}C, [Supplementary Table S3](#app1-jcm-09-00405){ref-type="app"}).

In the case of syncytialised BeWos treated with 10 nM BPA, the most enriched biological processes were transport and cAMP-mediated signalling. However, only transport involved multiple genes ([Figure 7](#jcm-09-00405-f007){ref-type="fig"} A,B), which were: XPO6, SLC20A2, SEC61G, SLC25A40, WDR44, RRBP1, MIP, SLC6A6, FABP5, FXYD3, SCN5A, COG4, CACNA2D2 that appear to form four distinct networks ([Figure 7](#jcm-09-00405-f007){ref-type="fig"}C, [Supplementary Table S5](#app1-jcm-09-00405){ref-type="app"}).

4. Discussion {#sec4-jcm-09-00405}
=============

In this study, we investigated the effect of BPA using


on the cell membrane \[[@B71-jcm-09-00405],[@B72-jcm-09-00405],[@B73-jcm-09-00405],[@B74-jcm-09-00405]\]. During pregnancy, CAV1 has been associated with glucose and fatty acid transport in the placenta by inducing AMPK and reducing the GLUT1 signalling pathway and reversing macrosomia due to gestational diabetes (GD) \[[@B74-jcm-09-00405]\]. Furthermore, CAV1 has been implicated in the mechanism of oedema in preeclampsia (PE) following hypoxia of trophoblasts through the HMGB1/TLR4/CAV-1 pathway \[[@B75-jcm-09-00405]\].

Another one of the most significantly upregulated genes, but not in the top 10, after treatment with 3 nM BPA was placenta-specific 1 (PLAC1). PLAC1 has been implicated in placentomegaly in mice \[[@B76-jcm-09-00405]\], a condition which has implications in various disorders such as placental mesenchymal dysplasia \[[@B77-jcm-09-00405]\]. Since PLAC1 upregulation induces phospho-AKT \[[@B78-jcm-09-00405],[@B79-jcm-09-00405],[@B80-jcm-09-00405]\], this might be a potential mechanism at placental level that can drive upregulation of phospho-AKT and,zinc finger 1 (CASZ1); chondrin (CHRD); short stature homeobox (SHOX); kinesin family member C1 (KIFC1); MAP6 domain containing 1 (MAP6D1); myelin basic protein (MBP); ceroid-lipofuscinosis, neuronal 8 (CLN8). (**C**) Network annotation of genes involved in cell fate commitment (Genemania).](jcm-09-00405-g003){#jcm-09-00405-f003}

![(**A**) Top 10 enriched (Funrich) biological processes for 10 nM BPA-treated BeWos. (**B**) Table of genes involved in biological processes: protocadherin 1 (PCDH1), FAT atypical cadherin 3 (FAT3mannosyl (alpha-1,6-)-glycoprotein beta-1,6-N-acetyl-glucosaminyltransferase, isozyme B (MGAT5B). (**C**) Network annotation of genes involved in cell adhesion (Genemania).](jcm-09-00405-g004){#jcm-09-00405-f004}

![(**A**) Immunofluorescent staining of E-Cadherin (a marker of cell fusion) in BeWo cells treated with 8-bromo-cAMP (8-Br-cAMP) in order to syncytialise. Green: E-Cadherin; blue: DAPI nuclear stain (a blue fluorescent dye used to detect nuclei in fluorescence microscopy). Cells depicted in the bottom row have been treated with


containing 5% (w/v) wheat straw. (A) *P. cinnabarinus*secretome containing CDH or (B) purified rCDH were assayed in the presence of cellulose cocktail at 45°C with an orbital agitation (140 rpm) during 96 h. C: control reaction without CDH. Sugars were quantified by high-performance anion exchange chromatography (HPAEC) coupled with amperometric detection (PAD) equipped with a Carbo-Pac PA-1 analytical column. These experiments were repeated at least three times with similar results. For all-sugars analysis in (A) and (B) statistical significance was *P*\< 0.1 and *P*\< 0.05 respectively.](1475-2859-10-113-6){#F6}

Discussion
==========

In the last few decades the white-rot fungus *P. cinnabarinus*has been studied for its ligninolytic system, which is based on phenoloxidases such as laccases, without the presence of peroxidases \[[@B44]\]. This system, and especially laccase, has been used to produce high value compounds\[[@B45],[@B46]\] and applied to the design of biotechnological processes \[[@B47]\]. Here we investigated the cellulolytic and oxidative system of *P. cinnabarinus*grown in cellulolytic conditions.

In the *P. cinnabarinus*secretome, we found hemicellulase activities already reported in the literature: α-galactosidase, xylanase or β-galactosidase \[[@B48],[@B49],[@B41]\], together with mannosidase and arabinofuranosidase activities not hitherto described in *P. cinnabarinus*. Endoglucanase and exoglucanase were identified by zymogram (CMCase) and by hydrolysis of Avicel and CMC. Peroxidase activity assay (manganese peroxidase and lignin peroxidase) was performed on the secretome, but no activity was recovered. *P. cinnabarinus*is a well-known producer of laccase \[[@B50]\], but in cellulolytic conditions, laccase production seems to be repressed, whereas the zymogram shows activity on ABTS around 50 kDa. Similar results were observed in *P. chrysosporium*grown in cellulolytic condition with the presence of


of experiments, we used the *P. cinnabarinus*secretome containing CDH added directly to cellulase cocktail for the saccharification of wheat straw.

Results on wheat straw showed (i) increased yield in C5 sugars from hemicelluloses, consistent with the lignin degradation effect of the secretome, and (ii) a slight decrease in glucose yield correlated with the formation of large amounts of gluconic acid due to cleavage of cellobionic acid (the main product of the reaction performed by CDH) by β-glucosidase.

Supplementation with purified rCDH gave similar results on wheat straw and even no decrease in glucose yield, but gluconic acid and C5 sugar hemicellulose production was enhanced for 10 U CDH supplementation. Results point to synergy between CDH and cellulases for degradation of raw material. In *P. cinnabarinus*secretome, β-glucosidase activity was significantly detectedof the men stood in the center.

“Suggestions?” Emmanuel asked Shabalala.

The Zulu men gave no indication that they might move from the middle of the path. Military defeat at the hands of the British army and Boer commandos had not cowed them. They stood as their ancestors must have a hundred years ago: fearless masters of their own land.

“Should we wait for the local police?” Shabalala asked. Far below and across the emerald stretch of the valley lay the town of Roselet, the closest source of law enforcement backup.

“The station commander might not get the message for hours,” Emmanuel said, referring to the handwritten note he’d stuck to the door of the locked police station an hour ago. A small sandstone bungalow adjacent to the station had also been


hillside. Clumps of bright red and yellow broke the stretch of green. “They are growing all around but I do not think the wind blew them to this place.”

“It looks like they were deliberately scattered over her,” Emmanuel said, picking up a tiny red bloom from the crook of the girl’s elbow. He understood this need to mark the fallen. Small gestures made the difference even in the white heat of war: a helmet placed on the chest or a poncho thrown over the face of a dead soldier, the closest thing available to a eulogy or a farewell.

Emmanuel scribbled loved on the next clean page. First time that word had come up at a crime scene. There was no doubt the girl had been loved and wasNative policemen and detectives were armed with sticks and given bicycles to ride. They were not allowed to drive police vehicles. The power of the gun and the car and the law itself was in the hands of Europeans. Shabalala knew that. The rural women waiting under the tree knew it also.

“Speak in Zulu,” Shabalala suggested in a quiet voice. “And thank them for looking after the girl until we came.”

“Will do,” Emmanuel said. “If my Zulu isn’t up to scratch you’ll have to take over.”

He approached the mourners. There were six of them, barefoot and dressed in heavy black skirts that fell below the knee. Supple cowhide aprons covered their breasts and each wore a fine black head covering decorated with porcupine quills to signify they were


years old, and beautiful. High cheekbones, gracefully arched brows and full lips were features that would have kept into old age. No more. All that was left was a glimpse of what might have been.

“No signs of a struggle,” he said. The girl’s fingernails were neatly shaped and unbroken. The skin on her wrists, neck and upper arms was unmarked. “If her eyes were closed I’d say she was sleeping.”

“Yes,” Shabalala agreed. “But she did not walk here. Someone brought her to this place. Look at her feet, Sergeant.”

Emmanuel bent lower to get a better view. Dirt and broken grass stalks were stuck to the rough-skinned heels and slim ankles. “She was dragged here and then laid down.”

“I think so,” Shabalala said.

Under normal circumstances, with a wooden barricadebody. They were junior partners, brought onto a case only if special knowledge of “native situations” was needed.

“Tell me,” Emmanuel said. “It doesn’t have to make sense.”

Bullshit theories spun out of thin air had their uses.

“What I see is strange,” Shabalala said.

“Tell me anyway.”

The Zulu policeman pointed to scuff marks in the dirt and to a heavy stick lying on the grass. “I think that the animals did not come near because the one who brought the girl to this place kept them away.”

“You have to explain,” Emmanuel said. The indentations in the dirt meant nothing to him and the stick was clean of blood or other signs of use.

“A man . . .” The Zulu detective hesitated and moved to the right to examine another patch of