Use of statins and gemfibrozil in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular risk factors attending adult day health care centers: an opportunity for pharmacists.
Identify the extent of statin use for primary prevention of macrovascular complications, the extent of statin or gemfibrozil use for the secondary prevention of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, and the statin doses used in patients with type 2 diabetes and other cardiovascular risk factors. Retrospective chart review. Three adult day health care centers in Brooklyn and Queens, New York. Patients with a diagnosis of type 2 diabetes and either a history of coronary artery disease or at least one other significant cardiovascular risk factor as defined by the American College of Physicians guidelines (i.e., age greater than 55 years, hypertension, left-ventricular hypertrophy, previousIndia are also mentioned. Data, when available, from other countries of the Indian subcontinent are also compiled and presented for comparison.

2. Vitamin D Metabolism

Vitamin D can be synthesized in sufficient amounts by most vertebrates on adequate exposure of the skin to sunlight (UVB rays). It is critical that most vertebrates obtain a sufficient amount of vitamin D either from their diet or from adequate exposure of the skin to sunlight. The term “vitamin D” refers to compounds vitamin D3 (cholecalciferol) or vitamin D2 (ergocalciferol). Vitamin D3 is produced in the skin on exposure to sunlight. Vitamin D3 is derived from 7-dehydrocholesterol by ultraviolet irradiation of the skin. Vitamin D3 is also found in animal food sources e.g., fatty fish (e.g., salmon, mackerel and tuna) cod liver oil, milk,


(VDR). 1,25(OH)2D is also produced in several extrarenal tissues for its paracrine and autocrine functions. Most cells in the body have VDR. Many cell types can also produce 1,25(OH)2D. 1,25(OH)2D is capable of regulating a wide variety of genes that have important functions in regulating cell growth and differentiation.

3. Vitamin D and Skeletal Health

Rickets, osteomalacia and osteoporosis are widely prevalent all over the world. The most well recognized function of 1,25(OH)2D involves regulation of calcium and phosphorus balance for bone mineralization and remodeling. Without adequate levels of 1,25(OH)2D in the bloodstream, dietary calcium cannot be absorbed. Low calcium levels lead to an increase in serum PTH concentration, which leads to increased tubular reclamation of calcium in kidneys and resorption from the skeleton at the cost of lowering bonedensity. In the long term this leads to weakened and brittle bones that break easily. Approximately 40%–60% of total skeletal mass at maturity is accumulated during childhood and adolescence. Rickets results from inadequate mineralization of growing bone. Thus it is a childhood disease and it is manifested as bone deformities, bone pain and weakness. Biochemical abnormalities consistently include hypophosphatemia, elevated alkaline phophatase levels and serum 25(OH)D levels are usually below 5 ng/mL. Chronic vitamin D deficiency in adults results in osteomalacia, osteoporosis, muscle weakness and increased risk of falls [4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11]. Epidemiological support for skeketal benefits of vitamin D is well known [5,6,12,13,14].

4. Vitamin D: Extraskeletal Effects

Biochemical studies have implicated vitamin D deficiency in many chronic diseases including, but not limited to, infectious diseases, autoimmune diseases, cardiovascular diseases, diabetes


(non-classical). The threshold levels of serum 25(OH)D required to optimize its effects may not be the same in the various target organs. Based on classical skeletal effects, vitamin D deficiency is defined as serum levels of 25(OH)D < 20 ng/mL (50 nmol/L) with consequent and consistent elevation of PTH and reduction in intestinal calcium absorption. Vitamin D insufficiency is defined as serum 25(OH)D levels in the range of 20–29 ng/mL. At serum 25(OH)D levels of 30 ng/mL intestinal calcium absorption reaches its peak, and PTH levels continue to fall until this level of 25(OH)D is attained. Thus, vitamin D sufficiency is defined as serum levels of 25(OH)D 30–32 ng/mL. A desirable and safe range of serum 25(OH)D levels would be 30–100 ng/mL. This range would be sufficient forDaily Allowance) defined by the Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR). Only two studies reported adequate calcium intake. In both these publications the study subjects were paramilitary soldiers [55,56]. ICMR’s RDA for calcium intake in India is lower than that of the western world.

Calcium balance is a function of intake and excretion [66,67]. Even though the Indian diet is low in calcium content, it also has a lower protein content and therefore low endogenous acid production, which may reduce urinary calcium loss. Therefore, the amount of dietary calcium required to maintain calcium balance may be lower than for those in the Occident. The protein-induced alterations in calcium homeostasis (and possibly in bone mass) have been attributed to increments in endogenous acid production and net acid excretion due to


bone area (TB BA) increased and lumbar spine BMC was higher.

Pune (18.5°N)

Urban, premenarchal schoolgirls, age 9.8 (1) years. All the girls were shorter and lighter compared to Indian norms. All subjects received 300,000 IU D3 once every 3 months, for 1 year.

65.7% vitamin D deficient

-

TB BMC, TB BA, TB BMD, TB LBM (lean body mass) and TB fat% increased significantly in all three groups over baseline. There was no significant difference between the results of study groups (Ca) and (Ca + MZ).

Table 5.
Vitamin D food fortification studies in ostensibly healthy Indians. All 25(OH)D values have been shown in ng/mL. To convert from nM to ng/mL, nM values were divided by (2.5). Vitamin D deficiency is defined as 25(OH)D < 20 ng/mL, insufficiency as 20–29 ng/mL and sufficiency asQ:

Storing a value for each ComboBox item

In lack of a Value property I planned to use Classes for storing Text and Value properties for my ComboBox items. So far I've succeeded.
Here is my class:
Public Class clCombobox
Public cname As String
Public cvalue As Integer

    Public Property Display() As String
    Get
        Return Me.cname
    End Get
    Set(ByVal value As String)
        Me.cname = value
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Public Property Value() As String
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national coaching job is the poison chalice. Everyone wants it, but it is all going to end in tears,” he explained. “It’s happened that way over the past 100 years.

“To my mind, Jake has staved off the critics well, the Tri-Nations win last year, and good victories when he has needed them. Hopefully, it will translate into consistency of selection for the World Cup.

“Of course, he’s the right man. For one thing, he’s got all the players’ trust. For another, he’s the guy who understands these players the best. So to make another change at this stage would be silly.

“He’s got a good group of senior players who can help him with the leadership and he can shore it up with some of the younger players coming through.P.C., Salt Lake City, Utah, for the Defendants - Appellees.

Minodora D. Vancea (Colleen J. Boles and Kathryn R. Norcross with her on the briefs),
Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation, Arlington, Virginia, for the Intervenor -
Appellee.

Before LUCERO, MURPHY, and McHUGH, Circuit Judges.

LUCERO, Circuit Judge.

       This appeal follows on the heels of a bank failure, the Barnes Banking Company

(the “Bank”) having been placed into Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (“FDIC”)

receivership in 2010. Three shareholders in Barnes Bancorporation (the “Holding

Company”), parent of the failed bank, brought suit against the Holding Company and its

officers and directors. The district court’s dismissal of their suit was on the basis that

most of the claims advanced by the plaintiffs were owned solely by the FDIC under the

Financial Institutions Reform, Recovery, and Enforcement Act


                  -3-
that defendants are sued in their capacities as officers and directors of the Holding

Company and not as officers and directors of the Bank. However, the specific factual

allegations contained in the complaint center on mismanagement of the Bank.

       Holding all of the Bank’s assets and property after being appointed as the Bank’s

receiver, the FDIC filed a motion to intervene in state court. In its motion, the FDIC

argued that it possessed the exclusive statutory authority under FIRREA to assert the

derivative claims at issue. The state court granted the FDIC’s motion to intervene, and

the FDIC removed the case to federal court.

      requires that a motion to intervene be
accompanied by a pleading, may be excused in some circumstances. See Providence
Baptist Church v. Hillandale Comm., Ltd., 425 F.3d 309, 313-14 (6th Cir. 2005)
(collecting cases and noting a circuit split). In this case, however, we are not asked to
decide whether any federal court erred in permitting intervention absent a pleading; the
FDIC’s motion to intervene was granted by the state court prior to removal. Whether the
motion to intervene was proper under state law is ultimately immaterial to the question of
whether removal jurisdiction exists. See Castleberry v. Goldome Credit Corp., 408 F.3d
773, 783 (11th Cir. 2005) (“[F]ederal law determines whether the exercise of removal
jurisdiction was proper, irrespective of state law procedural violations.”).


      4
        For reasons discussed in Section III.B, we conclude that plaintiffs’ allegations
regarding a $9 million tax return also are for the FDIC to advance.

                                             -14-
at 670. As characterized by the Seventh Circuit, this claim asserts harm suffered directly

at the holding company level. In contrast, in the case at bar, plaintiffs’ limited argument

on appeal as to the dividend payments indicates that their theory of liability is derivative.

Plaintiffs contend that the dividend payments                                     C

       Plaintiffs allege that the defendants wasted $265,000 in company funds. The

FDIC asserts no claim to these funds, which were apparently Holding Company property
                                             -19-
rather than bank assets, and thus the claim is not barred by FIRREA. This claim was

dismissed for


inadequacy of pleading.

       On appeal, plaintiffs argue that we should adopt a more relaxed pleading standard

because information regarding the $265,000 is in the defendants’ sole possession. They

support their argument by referencing two cases from the Second Circuit. See Arista

Records, LLC v. Doe 3, 604 F.3d 110, 120 (2d Cir. 2010); Boykin v. KeyCorp, 521 F.3d

202, 215 (2d Cir. 2008). The FDIC and the defendants respond that plaintiffs are

required to meet the heightened pleading standard of Fed. R. Civ. P. 9(b), which applies

when fraud is alleged, and that the complaint in any event fails to meet the ordinary

Iqbal/Twombly pleading standards.

       We must reject plaintiffs’ request. “[W]e have noted that the nature and

specificity of the allegations required toI want to focus on another dimension to this mining cost story. So far we have focused on the role that miners play in hashing blocks. But miners actually do two things: in addition to hashing blocks, they also perform transaction verification. The author’s of the BoE paper seem to conflate the two processes:

Low transaction fees for digital currency payments are largely driven by a subsidy that is paid to transaction verifiers (miners) in the form of new currency. The size of this subsidy depends not only on the current price of the digital currency, but also on miners’ beliefs about the future price of the digital currency. Together with the greater competition between miners than exists within centralised payment systems, this extra revenue allows miners to accept


design consideration.

Costs Revenue Proof-of-Work (SHA256 hash problem) Coinbase (25 bitcoins) Transaction verification Transaction fees

In the case of Bitcoin, a miner has no control over the size of the coinbase award, but he does control which TX’s go into the block he’s currently hashing. So basic economic theory dictates that a miner will include a transaction if and only if the expected value of the TX’s fee is greater than his marginal cost of verifying that transaction. The costs due to proof-of-work do not come into the decision at all.

It makes sense to think of proof-of-work and TX verification as two separate subsystems with their own respective sources of financing: proof-of-work financed by coinbase and transaction verification financed by transaction fees. A digital currency protocol could follow this patternof the volume-weighted average aggregate size (given in number of particles per aggregate, N) in samples from the upper (**G**) and lower (**I**) SI (the samples are the same as those from panels F and H). The line bisecting the box is the 50^th^ percentile, the upper and lower edges of the box are the 25^th^ and 75^th^ percentile respectively, and the whiskers are the 2.5^th^ and 97.5^th^ percentiles. USI = upper SI; LSI = lower SI. See Materials and methods for bootstrapping procedure.](elife-40387-fig2){#fig2}

To quantify the amount of aggregation in samples of luminal fluid, we developed a method to measure the sizes of all aggregates in solution using confocal microscopy (see Materials and methods). From these datasets, we created volume-weighted empirical cumulative distribution functions (ECDFs) of all the aggregate sizes in a


physical interactions between the particles and polymers. We created PEG solutions in HBSS at mass concentrations similar to those measured for polymers in the SI ([Figure 3A and D](#fig3){ref-type="fig"}) and imaged the polymer/particle mixtures after \~10 min. HBSS was chosen because it has a similar pH and ionic strength to that of the SI ([@bib59]; [@bib31]). At the high ionic strengths of these buffered aqueous solutions (\~170 mM), any electrostatic repulsions that can occur between particles should be screened to length scales on the order of the Debye screening length \~0.7 nm ([@bib109]; [@bib46]), nearly an order of magnitude smaller than the estimated length of the surface PEG brush (\~6.4 nm; see Materials and methods for more details). We again chose to look at aggregation on short timescales (after \~10 min) because weparticles in the PEG solutions used in (**D**). Diffusion coefficients of particles in polymer solutions (D~P~) are normalized by the diffusion coefficients in water (D~W~) and plotted against polymer concentration.](elife-40387-fig4){#fig4}

For PEG 1 MDa and 100 kDa solutions we found aggregates of similar sizes to those observed in the SI luminal fluid ([Figure 4A-D](#fig4){ref-type="fig"}). We did not detect any aggregation for the PEG 3350 Da solutions ([Figure 4D](#fig4){ref-type="fig"}). Because the pH is known to vary across different sections of the gastrointestinal tract and this could affect the observed aggregation behavior, we measured the pH in luminal fluid from the upper and lower small intestine (see [Figure 4---figure supplement 1](#fig4s1){ref-type="fig"} and Materials and methods). We found that the upper small intestine (USI) luminal fluid was pH = 6.0 ± 0.1 and for the lower small


aggregation of PEG-coated particles in SI fluid. It is known that in the presence of Ca^2+^ and at $pH \leq 6.2$, MUC2 can form aggregates or precipitate out, but it is soluble without Ca^2+^ or at higher pH ([@bib1]). Our measurements of the pH throughout the SI suggest that it is possible that MUC2 precipitates out in the upper small intestine; however, because it is unclear how much Ca^2+^ is in the lumen of the upper small intestine, there could be soluble MUC2 in the upper small intestine. Additionally, the literature suggests that, based on the pH, there should be soluble MUC2 in the lower small intestine. We therefore tested if MUC2 drives aggregation in both the upper and lower small intestine. To do this, we compared the aggregation(MUC2KO) and wild-type (WT) mice.\
(**A and B**) Volume-weighted empirical cumulative distribution functions (ECDFs) comparing aggregation of the particles in undiluted, 30 µm filtered samples from the upper (**A**) and lower (**B**) SI of two separate groups of wild-type (WT) and MUC2-knockout (MUC2KO) mice to the control (particles suspended in HBSS). The vertical axis is the cumulative volume fraction of the total number of particles in solution in an aggregate of a given size; the horizontal axis is aggregate size in number of particles per aggregate (N). (**C and D**). Volume-weighted average aggregate sizes (Vol Wt Avg Size) for serial dilutions of 30-µm-filtered samples from the upper (**C**) and lower (**D**) SI of two separate groups of WT and MUC2KO mice. The dilution factor is plotted on the horizontal


axis; a dilution factor of 1 is undiluted, ½ is a two-fold dilution. The vertical error bars are 95% empirical bootstrap CI (see Materials and methods). (**E**) Western blots of 30 µm filtered samples from the SI and the colon of WT and MUC2KO mice. WT USI = WT upper SI; KO USI = KO lower SI; WT LSI = WT lower SI; KO USI = KO upper SI; WT Col = WT colon; KO Col = KO colon (**F and G**). Chromatograms of samples from the upper (**F**) and lower (**G**) SI of groups of WT and MUC2KO mice.](elife-40387-fig5){#fig5}

We wanted to test differences in the MW distribution of the polymers found in these samples, so we 0.45-µm-filtered our samples and analyzed them by GPC (see Materials and methods). The chromatograms from the refractometer ([Figure 5F--G](#fig5){ref-type="fig"}) suggest that the polymerserial dilutions of the samples and found different aggregation thresholds for the samples ([Figure 5---figure supplement 1C--D](#fig5s1){ref-type="fig"}). These results further confirm our conclusion that although MUC2 may play a role in particle aggregation, it is not required for aggregation to occur.

Immunoglobulins may play a role in aggregation, but are not required for aggregation to occur {#s2-5}
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

It has also been demonstrated that immunoglobulins can bind to bacteria and induce them to aggregate ([@bib20]; [@bib76]; [@bib58]; [@bib37]; [@bib24]; [@bib11]; [@bib70]; [@bib65]; [@bib22]). We therefore wanted to test the hypothesis that immunoglobulins drive the aggregation of PEG-coated particles in the SI. To do this, we compared the aggregation of our PEG-coated particles in samples from groups of mutant mice that do not produce immunoglobulins (Rag1KO), to samples from groups of WT


as described in 'Collection of Luminal fluid' (with use of the same protease inhibitor cocktail). Samples were collected from two separate groups of 2-month-old B6 male mice on a standard chow diet. Each group had three mice. Because there was only \~25 µL of luminal fluid from the colons of each group we did not 30 µm-filter the colonic fluid as there was concern all the fluid would be retained by the filter. The colonic contents were simply spun down at 17 kG at 4°C for 1 hr to separate the liquid and solid portions of the contents. Then the supernatant (luminal fluid) was collected. Measurements were done using an Orion 2-Star Benchtop pH Meter. The instrument was first calibrated with three reference standard buffers: pH = 10 (VWR BDH5078-500 mL),Mice were euthanized via CO2 inhalation as approved by the Caltech IACUC in accordance with the American Veterinary Medical Association Guidelines on Euthanasia.

Additional files {#s6}
================

10.7554/eLife.40387.025

Data availability {#s7}
=================

All data generated or analyzed during this study have been uploaded to Dryad (<http://dx.doi.org/10.5061/dryad.kd1qt0p>).

The following dataset was generated:

AsherPreska Steinberg2018Data from: High-molecular-weight polymers from dietary fiber drive aggregation of particulates in the murine small intestineDryad Digital Repository10.5061/dryad.kd1qt0p

10.7554/eLife.40387.029

Decision letter

Goldstein

Raymond E

Reviewing Editor

University of Cambridge

United Kingdom

In the interests of transparency, eLife includes the editorial decision letter, peer reviews, and accompanying author responses.

\[**Editorial note:** This article has been through an editorial process in which the authors decide how to respond to the issues raised during peer review. The Reviewing Editor\'s assessment is that all the issues have been addressed.\]

Thank you for submitting your article \"High-molecular-weight polymers from


comments

I would be very interested to know the rheology of the polymeric solutions used in their studies. I must stress however that this is not a must.

10.7554/eLife.40387.030

Author response

> Major concerns:
>
> The reviewers raised several significant concerns. First, the issue of the change in intraluminal pH along the length of the SI should be addressed and further control experiments considered. Second, the connection between the results on model polymer solutions and the considerably more complex SI environment could be improved. Third, the authors have not accounted for the effects of fluid flow and indeed any of the complex rheology expected in the SI.

We thank the editors for highlighting the key points that the reviewers have raised. We have done further control experiments to address the issue of pH. Wehave modified the text of the manuscript to address the connection between the model polymer solutions and the SI environment. Lastly, we have modified the text of the manuscript to account for the effects of fluid flow and the complex rheology of the SI.

> Separate reviews (please respond to each point):

Reviewer \#1:

> This paper reports on the spontaneous aggregation of particulate matter in the small intestine (SI), highlighting the role played by high-molecular-weight polymers from dietary fiber in driving the aggregation. A provocative corollary to this finding is that it may be possible to control (\"tune\") the aggregation using suitably selecting the molecular weights of dietary polymers. The proposed mechanism is in depletion interactions that are well known in colloidal chemistry and polymer physics. Given the common perception


of a study conducted with mice of a different gender, strain, and fed an 18% protein diet (103).

For the pH measurement of HBSS, the pH was measured with both the standard and micro pH electrodes, and three technical replicates were done with each probe. The value for the pH reported in the main text is the average of all six measurements."

> 2\) The paper stitches together results from a broad range of equilibrium theoretical models which generally apply in different physical regimes, and are not quite compatible. The concern is that the extensive studies span parameter ranges in which theoretical models do not comfortably overlap. The Asakura-Oosawa potential is applicable in relatively dilute regimes, as is the equation for the radius of gyration with an exponent w.r.t molecularsuch as shear due to peristaltic mixing and the transit of food through the SI. The transit time for food through the SI can be as short as \~80 minutes in humans and \~60 minutes in mice. During fasting, the migrating motor complex cycle first consists of a period of quiescence for \~30-70 minutes followed by contractions that induce peristaltic mixing. We therefore expect that the aggregation behavior will be more complex on these longer timescales. We have made the following additions to the text to address these points:

Results subsection "PEG-coated particles aggregate in fluid from the murine small intestine":

"We found that, despite the PEG coating and low-volume fraction, aggregates of particles formed in 5-10 min (Figure 2*A-D*), a timescale much shorter than the transit time for food


flow.

We thank the reviewer for bringing up these excellent points, as it has allowed us to clarify them in our manuscript. The reviewer is certainly correct that the combined effects of flow and fluid elasticity as well as shear-thinning viscosity could contribute to aggregation in vivo. We have provided some estimates of what the contributions of some of these factors may be in vivo. We have made the following additions to the text to address this:

Discussion paragraph two:

"In vivo, it will also be important to consider the effects of flow, as it has been shown that flow in non-Newtonian fluids can induce particle aggregation (90--92). In particular, studies have suggested that the combination of flow and polymer elasticity can lead to aggregation (93) and that shear thinning viscosity"%1$@ %2$@ has been downloaded and is ready to use! Would you like to install it and relaunch %1$@ now?" = "%1$@ %2$@ je bil uspešno prenešen s spleta in je pripravljen na namestitev. Ga želite namestiti in ponovno zagnati takoj?";

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It's worth pointing out that this isn't really illegal. But when the very same telecom companies have been bleating about the fact that they don't want broadband to be classed as a utility, it is completely hypocritical. Essentially, Verizon takes advantage of the law but passes no benefit to the consumer. By now we shouldn't be surprised by such behavior—but we can still find it repellent. [Ars Technica]

Image by gt8073a under Creative Commons license.


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be (b/(-18))/((-2)/102). Determine g*q(r) + t*n(r).
-3*r
Let g(s) be the second derivative of 0*s**3 + 0 - 4*s + 1/4*s**4 + 0*s**2. Suppose -7*y - 4 = -8*y. Let o(i) = i**2. Calculate y*g(f) - 9*o(f).
3*f**2
Let k(b) = 9*b**2 + b + 2. Suppose 2*d - 5*m + 11 = 35, -4*d + 20 = -3*m. Let q = 1 + 4. Let p(y) = -4*y**2 - 1. What is d*k(c) + q*p(c)?
-2*c**2 + 2*c - 1
Let r(p) = 0*p + 0*p - p**2 + p. Let s(x) = -4 + 35 - 4*x - 10 - 7 - 13. Let k(a) = -2*a - 1. Let i be k(-1). What is i*s(z) + 2*r(z)?
-2*z**2 - 2*z + 1
Let y(t) = -1. Let i(n) = -n + 5. Lets(k) = 8*k**2 + 4*k + 5. Let q(o) = 1. Give 5*q(v) - s(v).
-8*v**2 - 4*v
Let u(j) be the first derivative of 5*j**2/2 - 263. Let h(q) = 81*q. Determine 2*h(n) - 33*u(n).
-3*n
Let v(y) = y**2 + 1. Let g(a) be the second derivative of a**5/20 - a**4/4 + a**3/6 - 3*a**2/2 - 123*a. What is -2*g(f) - 6*v(f)?
-2*f**3 - 2*f
Let m(c) = -2*c**2 + 2*c + 2. Let k be m(2). Let u(q) = -4*q - 1. Let b(a) be the second derivative of 3*a**3/2 + 3*a**2/2 - 197*a. Calculate k*b(l) - 5*u(l).
2*l - 1
Suppose -o - v = -8, -17*o + 20*o - 5*v - 40 = 0. Let n(k) = -5*k**3 - 2*k. Let r(x) = -10*x**3 - 5*x. Give o*n(t) - 4*r(t).
-10*t**3
Let h(o)


A common phrase use to make an urgency to leave the scene or situation. Often used in exclamation and with addative such as "hard" or with added exclamation points. Can be shortened to a gerund "dishing."- 12. Let t be 11/m - 1/2 - 3. Solve 3*w - 3*y + 45 = 18, 2*w = -2*y + t for w.
-4
Let x be (85/(-34))/((-1)/2). Solve 2*s - 2*h + h - 10 = 0, 0 = x*s + 3*h - 25 for s.
5
Suppose 4*b - 3*i + 26 = 36, 2*i = -b + 8. Solve d = b*f + 4, -4*d + 4*f + 16 = -f for d.
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Suppose -2*l + 0 = 24. Let o = 945 - 967. Let m = l - o. Solve 0 = 2*h - 2*v, h + m + 5 = 4*v for h.
5
Let k(g) = -g**2 - 12*g - 2. Let c be k(-14). Let b be ((-2)/8 - 290/(-8))/(-1). Let v = c -


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        Locale testLocale(rawData[LANG][i], rawData[CTRY][i], rawData[VAR][i]);
        logln("Testing " + (temp=testLocale.getName()) + "...");

        if ( (temp=testLocale.getISO3Language()) != (dataTable[LANG3][i]))
            errln("  ISO-3 language code mismatch: " + temp
                + " versus " + dataTable[LANG3][i]);
        if ( (temp=testLocale.getISO3Country()) != (dataTable[CTRY3][i]))
            errln("  ISO-3 country code mismatch: "


 logln("  In locale = fr_FR...");
    doTestDisplayNames(french, DLANG_FR);
    logln("  In locale = ca_ES...");
    doTestDisplayNames(croatian, DLANG_CA);
    logln("  In locale = el_GR...");
    doTestDisplayNames(greek, DLANG_EL);

    /* test that the default locale has a display name for its own language */
    UnicodeString s;
    Locale().getDisplayLanguage(Locale(), s);
    if(s.length()<=3 && s.charAt(0)<=0x7f) {
        /* check <=3 to reject getting the language code as a display name */
        errln("unable to get a display string for the language of the default locale\n");
    }

    /*
        ;

    /* TODO: Change this test to be more like the cloctst version? */
    if (testCount != 485)
        errln("Expected getISOLanguages() to return 481 languages; it returned %d", testCount);
    else {
        for (i = 0; i < 15; i++) {
            int32_t j;
            for (j = 0; j < testCount; j++)
              if (uprv_strcmp(test[j],spotCheck1[i])== 0)


\"" + name + "\"");
    }

    for (i = 0; i < 9; i++) {
        UnicodeString name;
        localesToTest[i].getDisplayName(Locale::getFrance(), name);
        logln(name);
        if (name != frenchDisplayNames[i])
            errln("Lookup in French failed: expected \"" + frenchDisplayNames[i]
                        + "\", got \"" + name + "\"");
    }

    for (i = 0; i < 9; i++) {
    by inspection that the locale file had the
 * right character in it, so I wanted to check the rest of the pipeline -- a
 * very remote possibility, but I wanted to be sure.  The other possibility
 * is that something is wrong with the font mapping subsystem, but we can't
 * test that here.
 */
void
LocaleTest::Test4139940()
{
    Locale mylocale("hu", "", "");
    UDate mydate = date(98,3,13); // A Monday
    UErrorCode status = U_ZERO_ERROR;
    SimpleDateFormat df_full("EEEE", mylocale, status);
    if(U_FAILURE(status)){
        errln(UnicodeString("Could not create SimpleDateFormat object for locale hu. Error: " )+ UnicodeString(u_errorName(status)));
        return;
    }
    UnicodeString


     " for locale '" + (temp=locale.getName()) + "' rather than exception" );
}

/*
 * @bug 4147552
 */
void
LocaleTest::Test4147552()
{
    Locale locales [] = {     Locale("no", "NO"),
                            Locale("no", "NO", "B"),
                             Locale("no", "NO", "NY")
    };

    UnicodeString edn("Norwegian (Norway, B)");
    UnicodeString englishDisplayNames [] = {
                               norwegianDisplayNames[i] + ", got " +
                   loc.getDisplayName(loc, temp));
    }
    Locale::setDefault(saveLocale, status);
}

void
LocaleTest::TestVariantParsing()
{
    Locale en_US_custom("en", "US", "De Anza_Cupertino_California_United States_Earth");

    UnicodeString dispName("English (United States, DE ANZA_CUPERTINO_CALIFORNIA_UNITED STATES_EARTH)");
    UnicodeString dispVar("DE ANZA_CUPERTINO_CALIFORNIA_UNITED STATES_EARTH");

    UnicodeString got;

    en_US_custom.getDisplayVariant(Locale::getUS(), got);
    if(got != dispVar) {
        errln("FAIL: getDisplayVariant()");
        errln("Wanted: " + dispVar);
        errln("Got   : "


                   if((keyword = keywords->next(&keywordLen, status)) == NULL) {
                        break;
                    }
                    if(strcmp(keyword, testCases[i].expectedKeywords[j]) != 0) {
                        err("Expected to get keyword value %s, got %s\n", testCases[i].expectedKeywords[j], keyword);
                   }
                    j++;
                }
            }
            delete keywords;
        }
        result = l.getName();
        if(uprv_strcmp(testCases[i].expectedLocaleID, result) != 0) {
            err("Expected to get \"%s\" from \"%s\". Got


           label, req, valid, actual);
    } else {
        errln("FAIL: %s; req=%s, valid=%s, actual=%s.  Require (R %s V) and (V %s A)",
              label, req, valid, actual,
              expReqValid, expValidActual);
    }
}

void LocaleTest::TestGetLocale(void) {
#if !UCONFIG_NO_SERVICE
    UErrorCode ec = U_ZERO_ERROR;
    const char *req;
    Locale valid, actual, reqLoc;

    // Calendar
#if !UCONFIG_NO_FORMATTING
    req = "en_US_BROOKLYN";
    Calendar* cal = Calendar::createInstance(Locale::createFromName(req), ec);
   September 13, 2012

Stumped

Well, I finally did it. After being obsessed for months with the stump tables that have been popping up all over the place, I made one of my own from a free Craiglist log. Dare I say I am totally in love with this thing? Even though I don't really know where to put it in our tiny house?

Making it wasn't so much hard as time consuming and messy: lots of elbow grease, lots of patience, lots and lots and lots of sanding. Did I mention the sanding? There was quite a lot of it. But the thing is a beaut, so in retrospect it definitely seems worth it.


week, new challenges. I've decided to join The Lacquer Legion, which basically (if you haven't heard of it it) is a monthly nail art challenge (more info here) . January's prompt is "reinvention" which is totally free for interpretation and it should be posted 27th of January and one should use the hashtag #LLreinvention. The hashtag works through different social networks like Facebook, Twitter, Pinterest, Instagram, Tumblr etc so my contribution will be through Pinterest but of course I'll post here too. :)

When I thought about reinvention I was thinking about lots of different ideas but I ended up thinking of one specific nail art. That nail art was The Minnie Mouse nail art, which Lucie from Lucy's Stash had made. I really liked that idea and figuredfor US $4.99 which is about 32SEK. In the description I've seen "Colored Paper Nails" so I suspect that could be a collection name and the specific name of this one is Bonny Girl, even though the bottle don't have that written on it.

The polish it self have white and pink tiny hex glitter, white and pink short bar/string glitter and white and pink heart glitter in a clear base. The glitter was really dense and it was easy to apply (no fishing or placing), below is 2 coats on top of a black creme base. I'm really happy with this polish and I recommend it and I'm looking forward to use it in some nail art soon. :)

I've got two more from the same brand as you


Metasploit Wrap-up Nine new modules, including a module for Zerologon, a new SOCKS module, some privilege escalations, and another Java deserialization exploit....

Metasploit Wrap-Up Six new modules this week, and a good group of enhancements and fixes!...to start off with a five-pound sale, but Leonti thought that suggesting such a large amount would be suspicious.

9
Leonti talked to Kaplan about these problems, but although Kaplan expressed concern, he never attempted to contact Gilblanco or work things out. Leonti did not hear anything from Gilblanco or Kaplan for one to two months, although he attempted to contact both of them. During this period, Leonti discussed his concerns about Kaplan's representation with Zenger, who revealed that he too had unsuccessfully tried to contact Kaplan on numerous occasions.

10
When nothing came of Leonti's relationship with Gilblanco, Dinlocker introduced Leonti to California Bureau of Narcotics Agent Castillo ("Castillo"), with whom Leonti then worked from August 1997 to March 1998. During this time, Leonti succeeded in arranging a one to two


was ready and willing to cooperate at this point, and that Kaplan's failure to assist him in doing so prejudiced him.

33
Even if the facts alleged by Leonti are true, Kaplan's conduct in this regard did not constitute ineffective assistance. Kaplan's reason for advising Leonti that he should not cooperate immediately, which he repeatedly stated to Leonti and which Leonti does not dispute, was that Kaplan wanted to review the discovery in the case before entering into a plea agreement. That decision was tactical, see id. at 689, 104 S.Ct. 2052, and cannot be called unreasonable. The American Bar Association standards advise defense attorneys that "[u]nder no circumstances should a lawyer recommend to a defendant acceptance of a plea unless a full investigation and study of the case hasdownward departure, given its demonstrated interest in Leonti's information. The government took the unusual step of requesting that Leonti remain out on bail, so that he could be allowed to cooperate. Further, in making this request, Muehleck commented that Leonti had already provided "substantial information." While the government has wide discretion in filing a substantial assistance motion, and the court has discretion in choosing to depart downward, to show prejudice Leonti need only show "a probability sufficient to undermine confidence in the outcome" that he could have received a downward departure for substantial assistance had Kaplan served as competent counsel. Strickland, 466 U.S. at 694, 104 S.Ct. 2052. The idea that Leonti could potentially make such a showing is not "so palpably incredible or patently frivolous as to


warrant summary dismissal." Schaflander, 743 F.2d at 717.

CONCLUSION

39
The Sixth Amendment guarantee of competent counsel applies to the process of cooperation with the government because this is a critical stage of the proceeding for those charged with federal crimes. Taken as true, Leonti's factual allegations state a claim for relief based on his attorney's failure to be a meaningful advocate during Leonti's attempted cooperation, and the effect this failure likely had on the government's decision not to make a substantial assistance motion. Because there were issues of fact whose resolution could have led to such a finding, the district court's decision not to grant an evidentiary hearing was an abuse of discretion.

40
REVERSED AND REMANDED.

Notes:

*
 Honorable Robert E. Cowen, Senior United States Circuit Judge for the Third Circuit Court of  _GetSvdOpTest(dtype, shape, use_static_shape,
                                       compute_uv, full_matrices))
  for compute_uv in False, True:
    for full_matrices in False, True:
      dtypes = ([np.float32, np.float64]
                + [np.complex64, np.complex128] * (not compute_uv))
      for dtype in dtypes:
        mat_shapes = [(10, 11), (11, 10), (11, 11)]
        if not full_matrices or not compute_uv:


new technologies, and the communications revolution. As a result of these changes to the economic system, income disparity between the very wealthy and the rest of the work force has accelerated. “Work” itself is increasingly being redefined in the context of this emerging new economy. The Communications Revolution has fundamentally restructured how people and institutions operate. How society both “produces” and “receives” information has created an array of social media resources. The rise of the Millennial Generation is recasting a fundamentally different outlook on institutional engagement and loyalty. The traditional notions of “membership,” “affiliation,” and “community” are being recast, as alternative forms of participation are being introduced. What sociologists have come to understand involves a fundamental rethinking of the importance of distinctive generational characteristics and behaviors, resulting inreligious implications for the Jewish community; Multiple and competing Jewish identities: as promoted by the sovereign self, the privatizing of the Jewish experience, and the changing character of Jewish life-styles; and The rise of the Jewish mega-wealth class and their impact on philanthropy, policy and politics.

Section IV: Attributes of the Current Communal Landscape

If the elements above describe the individual Jewish actor, what are the characteristics that today are shaping the contemporary Jewish enterprise?

We are no longer one community but rather can be described as multiple pods or communities. Where once there was a shared consensus about the Jewish story, today each individual is constructing his/her Jewish storyline. The collective mythology has given way to a highly personal rendering of the Jewish message. We are residing in a post-peoplehood


condition. Choice and diversity are dominant themes when describing 21st century American Jewry. “Choice” is reflected in the broader cultural behaviors of this generation of Americans. How one defines or describes his/her Jewishness reflects the imprint of these various social forces. The current structural shifts that one finds taking place within Jewish life are driven by two primary factors: new generations of American Jews and the availability of new funding streams. Millennials are opting for alternative models of Jewish social expression, and new philanthropic investments are being directed toward supporting these initiatives. A new Jewish ecology of websites, organizations, and movements has emerged in response to the changing generational landscape. Historically, the State of Israel bound the Jewish community together; today conversations around the Jewish State create deepAlready compatible with Windows PCs and Macs, the super-fast Thunderbolt 3 connector technology will soon also work with Linux PCs.

The technology will be featured in a new model of Dell’s upcoming XPS 13 Developer Edition, which will have Ubuntu Linux. Thunderbolt 3 will be available via a USB Type-C port.

The PC maker is building driver support for Thunderbolt 3 and USB Type-C into the XPS 13 Developer Edition, wrote a Dell employee in a company forum.

Thunderbolt 3 is a connector technology that can hook up PCs to external peripherals like storage and monitors. It’s like USB, but four times faster. A 4K movie could be transferred from an external storage device to a PC in 30 seconds.

Linux PCs will be a lot more capable with Thunderbolt 3. Users


a sentence be “based on” a subsequently lowered
range in order to qualify for potential reduction.
8                                                  No. 08-2328

Although the district court granted Poole a statutorily
authorized reduction under Rule 35(b), it used her original
statutory minimum sentence as its starting point for
issuing the reduction. Poole’s reduced sentence thus was
in no way based on or affected by her otherwise applicable
sentencing range, which Amendment 706 would have
lowered. Accordingly, the sentence reduction under Rule
35(b) did not vest the court with jurisdiction under
§ 3582(c)(2). See Johnson,to dismiss the complaint and warrant for his arrest on such charges issued the same date.
He contends that the search warrant was issued without probable cause in violation of the Fourth Amendment to the Constitution and Rule 41(c) of the Federal Rules of Criminal Procedure, 18 U.S.C. and that it was executed in violation of Section 3109, Title 18 U.S.C.
The issuance of the search warrant was based on an affidavit made by a special agent of the Internal Revenue Service, stating that the affiant had reason to believe that certain gambling paraphernalia "consisting of bet slips, run-down sheets, account sheets, recap sheets, telephones, money used in or derived from a bookmaking operation, and other means and instruments" used in the violation of the aforesaid statutes was being concealed


Brinegar v. United States, 338 U.S. 160, at pp. 175-176, 69 S.Ct. 1302, at p. 1310, 93 L.Ed. 1879, as follows:
"In dealing with probable cause, however, as the very name implies, we deal with probabilities. These are not technical; they are the factual and practical considerations of everyday life on which reasonable and prudent men, not legal technicians, *18 act. The standard of proof is accordingly correlative to what must be proved.
"`The substance of all the definitions' of probable cause `is a reasonable ground for belief of guilt.' McCarthy v. De Armit, 99 Pa.St. 63, 69, quoted with approval in the Carroll opinion. 267 U.S. [132] at 161 [45 S.Ct. 280, 69 L.Ed. 543]. And this `means less than evidence which would justify condemnation' or conviction, as Marshall,the provisions of the internal revenue laws, or regulations prescribed under such laws, or which has been so used, and no property rights shall exist in any such property." This statute applies to property used in violating the federal wagering tax laws. United States v. General Motors Acceptance Corp. (C.A. 5), 239 F.2d 102; United States v. Macri, D.C., 185 F.Supp. 144.
In Bourke v. United States, 44 F.2d 371, the Sixth Circuit adopted the view that illegally seized contraband liquor ought not be returned to the defendant, but should be declared forfeit, since no property right could exist therein under the National Prohibition Act, 27 U.S. C.A.
The Supreme Court in United States v. Jeffers, 342 U.S. 48, 72 S.Ct. 93, 96 L.Ed. 59, held that illegally seized narcotics


v. United States, 362 U.S. 257, at p. 270, 80 S.Ct. 725, 4 L.Ed. 2d 697. In that case involving the sufficiency of an affidavit supporting a search warrant, the Court stated (p. 270, 80 S.Ct. p. 735): "What we have ruled in the case of an officer who acts without a warrant governs our decision here."
It is well settled that an article taken from an individual on the occasion of an illegal arrest is not admissible in evidence against him, although it is relevant and entirely trustworthy as evidence. United States v. Di Re, 332 U.S. 581, 68 S.Ct. 222, 92 L.Ed. 210; Bynum v. United States, 104 U.S.App. D.C. 368, 262 F.2d 465. Again, if the police obtain a statement from an accused person during hispolitical advertisers to be Singaporeans or Singapore-based entities," said Prof Tan.

On Wednesday, Home Affairs and Law Minister K. Shanmugam said that it would be necessary to put in place legislative measures in Singapore to counter attempts by foreign forces to influence domestic politics and opinion.

Mr Shanmugam said that tech companies could not be left alone to self-regulate when addressing hostile information campaigns online.

When contacted, a spokesman for the People's Action Party (PAP) said the party will comply with Facebook’s new requirement if the PAP takes out any paid advertisements.

The spokesman added that he does not believe that the new rules will impact the party's use of the social media platform.

The Singapore Democratic Party (SDP) said that the new Facebook rules regarding local ownership and payment do not affect


given subexponential function. Triangle polyhedra which are not of subexponential rank are said to be of *exponential rank*. These notions are asymptotic in nature and, as in [@Gro-asym] (see page 127), can be detected at infinity.

Definition 2 is generalized to arbitrary countable groups endowed with a length (e.g. finitely generated groups with the word length) in Section \[reminder\]. While being in the non amenable setting this generalization is strongly reminiscent of the theory of *growth of groups* (for which we refer to [@Harpe] and references therein) and will thus be called *polynomial growth rank*. It relies on tools that arise from the study of property RD, allowing to merely retain the polynomial growth of ‘flats’ rather than sharp flatness. Subexponential and exponential growth rank can be defined analogously.define polynomial growth rank below, in particular we do not to assume triangles in the retraction ${{\mathfrak{s}}}^-$ to be “balanced" at this stage, cf. Subsection \[RRS-dual\]).

The following lemma was first proved by Haagerup in [@Haa Lemma 1.4] in the case of finitely generated free groups, where the set ${{\mathfrak{s}}}$ of all triangles consists of *tripod triangles* (i.e. triangles which retract to ${{\mathfrak{s}}}^-=\{(e,e,e)\}$). It has then been extended in [@Jol-def; @Harpe-rd; @RRS; @Laf-rd]. The statement below corresponds to Proposition 2.3 and a part of Theorem 2.5 in [@Laf-rd] (compare [@RRS]), and the proof given reproduces the arguments on pages 258 and 259 of this paper.

\[rd-retr\] Let ${\Gamma}$ be a group and $\ell$ be a length on ${\Gamma}$. Fix a ${\Gamma}$-indexed set of path $C$ in ${\Gamma}$, a family ${{\mathfrak{s}}}$


The operators $S_v,T_w$ are defined similarly for any $v,w$ using $g,h$. Set $$i(u)=\|R_u\|_2,~~ j(v)=\|S_v\|_2~~~\mathrm{and}~~~k(w)=\|T_w\|_2.$$ As ${\mathop{\mathrm{Tr}}}(R_uS_vT_w)\leq \|R_u\|_2\|S_v\|_2\|T_w\|_2$ one has $$\langle f*_{{\mathfrak{s}}}g\mid h\rangle \leq \sum_{(u,v,w)\in {{\mathfrak{s}}}^-}i(u)j(v)k(w)=\langle i*_{{{\mathfrak{s}}}^-} j\mid k\rangle.$$ On the other hand $$\|i\|_2^2=\sum_{a,b,u|~  (b^{-1},u,a)\in C^{r}_{b^{-1}ua}}f(b^{-1}ua)^2\leq \sum_{x}\#C_x^{r} f(x)^2\leq p_1(r)\|f\|_2^2$$ and similarly $\|j\|_2^2\leq p_1(r)\|g\|_2^2$ and $\|k\|_2^2\leq p_1(r)\|h\|_2^2$. The lemma follows from the Cauchy-Schwarz inequality for $h=f*_{{\mathfrak{s}}}g$.

Polynomial growth rank {#sec22}
----------------------

Let ${\Gamma}$ be a countable groups and $\ell$ be a length on ${\Gamma}$. Let $\delta\geq 0$. A 3-path $(a_3,a_2,a_1)$ in ${\Gamma}$ is said to be $\delta$-geodesic if $|a_1|+|a_2| +|a_3|\leq |a_3a_2a_1|+\delta$.

\[polrk\] One says that ${\Gamma}$ has *polynomial growth rank* with respect to $\ell$ if there exists a $\delta\geq 0$, a family $C=(C_z^r)_{z\in {\Gamma},~~r\in  {{\mathrm{\bf N}}}^*}$ of sets $C_z^r$ of $\delta$-geodesic 3-paths from $e$ to $z$ with polynomial growth (see Definition \[HK\]),subexponential property RD we have $$\|a_n\|_{r}\leq \kappa(n)\|a_n\|_2=\kappa(n)\sqrt{|S_n|}$$ so $${1\over {\rho_{r}}}\leq \limsup_{n\to \infty}\kappa(n)^{1\over n}\sqrt{|S_n|}^{1\over n}={1\over \sqrt{\rho}}.$$ As $\|a_n\|_2\leq \|a_n\|_{r}$ always holds $\rho_{r}\leq \sqrt{\rho}$ as well. The same argument also shows the $\ell^2$ spectral radius property for every element in the group algebra of ${\Gamma}$ provided ${\Gamma}$ has subexponential property RD, i.e. the spectral radius of every element $a\in {{\mathrm{\bf C}}}{\Gamma}$ acting by convolution on $\ell^2({\Gamma})$ is equal to $$\lim_{n\to\infty} \|a^{*n}\|_2^{1/n},$$ since the radius of the support of $n$-th convolution product $a^{*n}$ is at most $n$ times the radius of the support of $a$. Summarizing we have the following result (compare Proposition 8 in [@HRV], Section 3 in [@DH], and Proposition 4 in [@Grigo]).

\[spectr\] If ${\Gamma}$ is a countable group with radial subexponential property RD, then $\rho_{r}=\sqrt{\rho}$ and thus ${\Gamma}$


now study the local rank structure in rank [${7\over 4}$]{} polyhedra.

Endow $L_{{7\over 4}}$ with the uniform length (edges have length $1$). The following concept is important to describe the local behavior of flats of rank [${7\over 4}$]{} polyhedra.

Let $\alpha,\beta$ be two vertices of $L_{{7\over 4}}$ at distance $3$ in $L_{{7\over 4}}$. The couple $(\alpha,\beta)$ is said to be *of type ${{3\over 2}}$* if there are exactly two distinct simplicial paths of length $3$ in $L_{{7\over 4}}$ with extremities $\alpha$ and $\beta$. If not, then there are exactly three such paths, in which case we call $(\alpha,\beta)$ *of type 2*.

The bipartite structure of $L_{{{7\over 4}}}$ gives a partition of its vertex set into two sets of cardinal 8. We call the vertices of the first set (resp. the second set) ofTheorem \[class\], where our objective was to study the *most symmetric* cases, i.e., polyhedra that are transitive on vertices. Relying upon this classification we now clarify the issue of Question \[Qbest\] in this particular case.

\[expsq\] Let $V$ be one of the 12 orientable complexes of rank [${7\over 4}$]{} of with one vertex (see Theorem \[class\]) and ${\Gamma}=\pi_1(V)$ be the fundamental group of $V$. Then the universal cover $\tilde V$ has exponential rank. Moreover, ${\Gamma}$ contains copies of ${{\mathrm{\bf Z}}}^2$ and thus (non trivially) satisfies the conclusion of Proposition \[altern\].

We shall give full details for one of these complexes (we chose $V_0^2$) so as to present the arguments. The other cases can be derived similarly.

Recall that $V_0^2$ admits the presentation $$V^2_0=[[1, 2, 3], [1, 4, 5], [1, 6, 7], [2,


free in ${\Gamma}$. Hence the (semi-)group of ${\Gamma}$ generated by $u$, $v$ and $w$ has exponential growth.

End of the proof of Theorem \[th4\] {#prog}
-----------------------------------

This subsection is devoted to the (computer assisted) proof that there are *at most 12* orientable compact complexes of rank [${7\over 4}$]{} with one vertex, as asserted in Theorem \[class\]. For us the program below was primary used to obtain a representative list of examples of polyhedra of rank [${7\over 4}$]{}, beyond the few ones we found by hand.

We only explain below what procedures are relevant to understand the source code and to check that its mathematical part was correctly implemented. Other procedures (e.g. displaying, sorting, memory management,...) are routine and omitted. Recall from the proof of Theorem \[class\] that polyhedra of rank [${7\over 4}$]{} can bea subset of $X$) by $$x_{k+1}=u a_{{k+1}} x_k,$$ where $x_0=e$. Let $\eta_k$ be the geodesic segment from $x_k$ to $x_{k+1}$ in $X$. For any $k=0\ldots n-1$ there exist two points $x_k^+<x_{k+1}^-$ on $\eta_k$ such that $|x_k^+-x_k|\leq (2\alpha+6)|t|$, $|x_{k+1}^--x_{k+1}|\leq (2\alpha+6)|t|$, and such that $[x_k^+,x_{k+1}^-]$ are pairwise disjoint consecutive geodesic segment on the geodesic segment from $x_0$ to $x_n$.

For $i=1\ldots n-1$ let $\tilde x_i$ be the point of $\eta_{i-1}\cap\eta_i$ for which $|x_i-\tilde x_i|$ is maximal. Let us first show that $|x_i-\tilde x_i|\leq (2\alpha+3)|t|$. By Lemma \[lem40\], the point $z=t^{\alpha+3}a_ix_i$ belongs to $\eta_{i}$ and $|x_i-z|\leq (2\alpha+3)|t|$. Assume toward a contradiction that $z\in ]x_i,\tilde x_i[$. Then the intersection of the segments $[z,x_{i}]\subset \eta_{i-1}$ and $[z,x_{i+1}]\subset \eta_{i}$ contains at least an edge which is readily seen to be in the analytic parts of


shows that $$\int_{\Delta} \kappa+ (\pi-\theta_{x_1^-}) +(\pi-\theta_{x_1^+})+ \sum_{1\leq  k \leq j}(\pi-\theta_{\tilde x_k})
\geq ~~2\pi.$$ (where one could a priori have $x_1^-=x_1$ or $x_1^+=\tilde x_i$ for some $i>1$). Reiterating our argument above we get that $j=1$ and thus, $x_1^+\in \tilde \eta_1$. Hence the preceding formula implies $$\int_{\Delta} \kappa> 2\pi - 3\pi=-\pi.$$ If $x_1^+\in [x_1,t^{\alpha+3}ax_1]$ the condition $|x_1^+-x_1|\leq (2\alpha +6)|t|$ of the lemma is satisfied. It follows that we can assume $x_1^+\in [t^{\alpha+3}ax_1,x_2]$. Then $$\begin{aligned}
\int_{\Delta} \kappa&=\sum_{s\in ]x_1^-,\tilde x_1[}(\pi-\theta_s)+\sum_{s\in ]\tilde x_1,x_1^+[}(\pi-\theta_s)+\sum_{s\in ]x_1^-,x_1^+[}(\pi-\theta_s)\\
&\leq\sum_{s\in ]x_1^-,\tilde x_1[}(\pi-\theta_s)+\sum_{s\in ]\tilde  x_1,x_1^+[}(\pi-\theta_s)\\
&\leq\sum_{s\in ]x_1^-,\tilde x_1[}(\pi-\theta_s)+\sum_{s\in ]t^3a x_1,x_1^+[}(\pi-\theta_s)\\
&\leq \min\{4\alpha|t|,|x_1^--\tilde x_1|\}\cdot (-\pi/3) + \min\{4\alpha|t|,|x_1^+-t^{\alpha+3}a x_1|\}\cdot (-\pi/3)
 \end{aligned}$$ where the last inequality comes from the fact that the geodesics $[x_1^-,\tilde x_1]$ and $[t^{\alpha+3}ax_1,x_2]$ are analytic on a segment of length at least $4\alpha|t|$, starting from $\tilde x_1$ and $t^{\alpha+3}ax_1$ respectively. Thusto $(a_{1},\ldots a_{n})$ and $(b_{1},\ldots b_{m})$ respectively as in Lemma \[lem41\] (so $x_0=y_0=e$ and $x_n=y_m=ua_{n}\ldots ua_{1}$ assuming ${\Gamma}\subset X$). Associated to $(x_0,\ldots,x_{n})$ (resp. $(y_0,\ldots,y_{m})$) we can find points $x_0^+,x_1^{\pm}\ldots, x_{n-1}^\pm,x_n^-$ (resp. $y_0^+,y_1^{\pm}\ldots, y_{n-1}^\pm,y_n^-$) on the geodesic $[x_0,x_n]$ which satisfy the conclusion of Lemma \[lem41\]. Fix $k\in \{0\ldots n-1\}$. Since we have $|x_{k+1}^--x_{k+1}|\leq (2 \alpha+6)|t|$ and $|x_k^+-x_k|\leq (2\alpha+6)|t|$ the point $w_k=t^{3\alpha+\beta+6}a_kx_k$ and the point $st^{6\alpha+13}w_k$ both belong to $[x_k^+,x_{k+1}^-]$. Note that $w_0<w_1<\ldots <x_{n-1}$ on $[x_0,x_n]$. Similarly, define points $w_k'$ on $[x_0,x_n]$, $k=0\ldots m-1$, relative to the segments $[y_k^+,y_{k+1}^-]$ and satisfying analogous properties.

We claim that if $w$ is a point on $[x_0,x_n]$ such that $st^{6\alpha+13} w\in [x_0,x_{n}]$ then $w=w_k$ for some $k=0\ldots n-1$.

Let us first show that this implies the lemma. Indeed by the claim there is an increasing injection


rank [${7\over 4}$]{} case for we already are familiar with it from Section \[class-rg74\].

Proof of Theorem \[th11\], Item (b)
-----------------------------------

Recall that the complex $V_0^1$ admits the following presentation: $$V^1_0=[[1, 2, 3], [1, 4, 5], [1, 6, 4], [2, 6, 8], [2, 8, 5], [3, 6, 7], [3, 7, 5], [4, 8, 7]].$$ We write $a_1,\ldots, a_8$ for the corresponding generators of the fundamental group ${\Gamma}$ of $V_0^1$. The 1-skeleton of the universal cover $X$ of $V_0^1$ coincide with the Cayley graph of ${\Gamma}$ with respect to $\{a_1,\ldots a_8\}$ and each (oriented) edge in $X$ is labelled by the index in $\{1,\ldots,8\}$ of its generator. A singular geodesic of $X$ is said to be of the form $i^\infty$, $i\in \{1,\ldots, 8\}$, if all its edges are labelled by $i$.

Recall (cf. [@BHwhich includes a selection of products such as t-shirts, G-shock and BabyG Casio …

Who says autumn/winter means you have to opt for black shoes? T & F Slack Shoemakers London is the brainchild of husband-and-wife team Tim and Fiona Slack who are as dedicated to making ‘modern classics’ as they are to each other.

This is definitely exquisite ‘tailoring with oomph’. Paul Costelloe says the inspiration for his spring/summer 2012 collection is comes from the 1962 Hollywood classic Whatever Happened to Baby Jane? That may very well be, but we can’t help to think of the dapper Mad Men

Last week a good friend posted a video explaining the benefit of Vibram Five Finger shoes, made entirely by fans. At first I was hugely cynical, after all they do look


patiently and thoughtfully made some of them will be
in a position to devise and construct many more on similar lines.

Most boys and girls are familiar with those little _paper windmills_,
which turn round gaily in the gentlest breeze--the ones which the
rag-and-bone man gives in exchange for an old bottle. They make a
capital toy for baby brothers and sisters, and they are very easy to
make. All you need is a six-inch square of stiff paper--coloured for
preference--and two pieces of cardboard, each an inch square. First, you
draw out your square as in Fig. 1, and then cut down the diagonals
nearly to the centre square. Now take hold of a corner, and fold it over
to the centre. Secure it there with a small dab of glue. Serve each of
the other corners intogether.

In actual practice, you get a large sheet of brown paper, and move the
matches about until the right position is obtained: then you fix the
matches to the paper one by one by means of a dab of glue. In time you
will astonish everybody (yourself included) by the ease with which you
can build up really intricate pictures. Specimens accurately done and
tastefully mounted make very acceptable little presents (Fig. 19).

[Illustration: FIG. 19.]

Deft fingers and a big fund of patience render it quite possible to
construct

_Models from Match Sticks_, with the aid of just one or two accessories
such as paper and glue. Placed side by side, and glued to each other,
and to a cardboard or paper foundation, matches (particularly the larger
sort) give quite an impression of solidity--which you will notice if you
refer


the completed model.

[Illustration: FIG. 26.]

Another military model, slightly more difficult to adjust, is

_A Maxim Gun._--For this two wheels, each about 2-1/2 in. across, must
be constructed in the manner described above.

The body of the machine is easier to make than describe. Fig. 27 shows
the under side. A small match box is taken and along one long edge of
the top a piece of stale is glued, projecting 1/4 in. at each end. This
stale is the axle. Two full-length stales are then glued so that they
meet at the end furthest from the axle. To render these projecting
pieces more stable, a triangular piece of veneer is glued across them at
the place of meeting.

[Illustration: FIG. 27.]

The two wheels are then fixed in position by means of doll pins. For the
front of the machineare used, and propelled by means of a cue as in
billiards. If you can obtain the balls, this is a delightful game, and
one well worth making.

_A Wooden Wind Wheel_ for the garden is a splendid little model to
make--interesting in itself, but doubly desirable because so much can be
done with it. Of course, it can be made quite small and very simple, and
still provide unending amusement to smaller brothers and sisters; but
for our own purpose it is just as well to make a larger and stronger
specimen, one which can be employed as a power station for the working
of smaller toys.

The main parts are: (1) a circular hub, about 2-1/2 to 3 in. in
diameter, and 1 to 1-1/4 in. in thickness (for the smaller varieties a
cotton reel will do admirably);


relation to the economy, social issues, ethics, politics, medical science and environmental issues.

Core Assessment:

Class Assessment:

You will be able to track your average throughout the course. The grading scale is below. You will know in advance the standards for each assignment. My goal is to give you prompt, clear, and useful feedback to help you learn about risk management. Each student is responsible for:

A midterm exam covering current issues presented in class, readings and the content of papers developed by students, will constitute 15% of your course grade.

The final exam will constitute 26% of your course grade.

Grading Criteria for Participation Points:

The weekly homework and discussion assignments and quizzes are worth approximately 40 % of your grade. Grading criteria for points on discussions and homework is as follows:

The three mostbelow. You will know in advance the requirements for each assignment.My goal for this term is to give you prompt, clear,and useful feedback which will help you learn more about about health care organizations and administration.

Each student is responsible for:

Completing Weekly Chapter Readings- Homework Assignments consisting of key questions from the chapter readings will be completed-Submission of the the answers to the instructor on the specified dates (Weeks 1-8) via Dropbox.

Completing a Research Paper. Due by the End of week 7.

All work must contain appropriate formatting, grammar, and spelling.

Completing a student opinion survey form located in the Distance Learning section of the Park University website in Week Eight of this class.

Locating a suitable Proctor with e-mail and Completing a Proctored Final Examination. This process must be finalized no


something else. Namely, I haven't got an ignorant "watson" style character, either to write from that POV, or to have a POV character explain things to. The religion is total, so I can't have a non-believer. All of the characters have fought the monsters, prior to the start of the book. And the magic system has a similar problem (though fewer people will know the nuances of it, how many would ask? I mean how often to people ask about the mechanics of firing a gun??).

So have any of you come across a similar problem? What clever or inobvious ways did you get around it? Did you just bite the bullet and exposit? Any good examples from literature you can suggest?

You can have some characters debate about howdie their soul becomes corporeal and seeps out of their..err..eyes. They cry out their soul, basically. So the ritual is that the soul is gathered, taken to a special mountain and flung into a massive crack that goes down into the planets core. Inside resides a planetary life force, made up of all the souls (a Gaia). By returning this one, when a new child is born (soulless) it's baptised in various wells (where the Gaia bubbles up) and "absorbs" a new reset soul....pretty simple, right?

But my problem is - If they never partake in this ritual, and it's completely common knowledge, would a character believably think about, or talk about, this cycle of life? Without falling into maid and butler dialogue, or convenient internal navel gazing? Surely


One frustrating aspect of America's seemingly endemic congressional dysfunction is that we end up with policy results that are worse from all points of view than could be achieve with a more constructive legislature.

Consider the relevant case of the Obama administration's new emissions limits on power plants.

These regulations will aim to cut carbon-dioxide emissions around 25 percent below 2005 levels by 2020. What if you tried to do the same thing with a carbon tax? Michael Levi of the Council on Foreign Relations points out that imposing a $10 per ton tax on carbon-dioxide emissions and raising it gradually to $13 per ton by 2020 would generate a similar reduction in power plant emissions. The difference is the carbon tax would also raise $24 billion per year inby the rest of the media and the WSWA, likely for political reasons.

For one, cannabis is not close to being one of the leading causes of automobile fatalities, according to a recent analysis by the Auto Insurance Center, a news and information site.

In addition, when deadly accidents involving cannabis were recorded, “most” drivers had also consumed other drugs or alcohol. The Washington Traffic Safety Commission noted recently that of 592 drivers involved in fatal motor vehicle crashes in 2013, just 38 tested positive for cannabis. The following year, drivers in 75 out of 619 deadly crashes tested positive. But, as Staci Hoff, the commission’s research director noted, most of the 75 drivers “also had alcohol or other drugs” in their systems.

Political manipulation
As reported by Marijuana.com, Wine & Spirits


population votes in favor of it. If immigrants are anti-equal primogeniture, they can chose to live elsewhere. What about that statement is so hard for immigrants to understand? Iluvbertie, I cannot believe you had the audacity to post your entry above! I do not understand where you are coming from at all.

Quote:

Originally Posted by kathia_sophia

^i agree but only for european royal houses!!! Great Britain, Spain and Monaco could get rid of Male primogeniture, and Luxembourg and Liechenstein could get rid of the Salic law.

however, countries like Morocco, United Arab Emirates, Brunei and many more its better for them to have the Salic Law, to avoid wars and problems on sucession. on countries where females dont have that privilagies how they can have a Queen ruler? dont get meis dependent on the device, the register usage of your compute kernel, and threadgroup memory usage. After a compute pipeline state has been created, its maxTotalThreadsPerThreadgroup value doesn't change, but two pipeline states on the same device may return different values.

The number of threads per threadgroup can't exceed maxTotalThreadsPerThreadgroup. On a device with a maxTotalThreadsPerThreadgroup value of 512 and a threadExecutionWidth of 32, a suitable number of threads per threadgroup is 32 (the thread execution width) x 16 (the total threads per threadgroup divided by the thread execution width). Listing 1 shows an example of defining a threadgroup's dimensions based on the thread execution width and maximum threads per threadgroup.

On devices that support non-uniform threadgroup sizes, Metal is able to calculate how the grid (in this case, an


   * Note that the session is not cloned as duplicated requests
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        $this->server = clone $this->server;
        $this->headers = clone $this->headers;
    }

   Request::HEADER_* as second argument since version 3.3. Defining it will be required in 4.0. ', __METHOD__), E_USER_DEPRECATED);

            return;
        }
        $trustedHeaderSet = (int) func_get_arg(1);

        foreach (self::$trustedHeaderNames as $header => $name) {
            self::$trustedHeaders[$header] = $header & $trustedHeaderSet ? $name : null;
        }
        self::$trustedHeaderSet = $trustedHeaderSet;
    }

    /**
     * Gets the list of trusted proxies.
     *


  {
        // the check for $this->session avoids malicious users trying to fake a session cookie with proper name
        return $this->hasSession() && $this->cookies->has($this->session->getName());
    }

    /**
     * Whether the request contains a Session object.
     *
     * This method does not give any information about the state of the session object,
     * like whether the session is started or not. It is just a way to check if this Request
     * is associated with a Session instance.
     *
     * @return boolthe URIs path component (no schema, host etc.) is relevant and must be given.
     * Both paths must be absolute and not contain relative parts.
     * Relative URLs from one resource to another are useful when generating self-contained downloadable document archives.
     * Furthermore, they can be used to reduce the link size in documents.
     *
     * Example target paths, given a base path of "/a/b/c/d":
     * - "/a/b/c/d"     -> ""
     * - "/a/b/c/"      -> "./"
     * - "/a/b/"        -> "../"


the request format.
     *
     * @param string $format The request format
     */
    public function setRequestFormat($format)
    {
        $this->format = $format;
    }

    /**
     * Gets the format associated with the request.
     *
     * @return string|null The format (null if no content type is present)
     */
    public function getContentType()
    {
        return $this->getFormat($this->headers->get('CONTENT_TYPE'));
    }

    /**
     * Sets the default locale.
    *
     * @see https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7231#section-4.2.3
     *
     * @return bool
     */
    public function isMethodCacheable()
    {
        return in_array($this->getMethod(), array('GET', 'HEAD'));
    }

    /**
     * Returns the request body content.
     *
     * @param bool $asResource If true, a resource will be returned
     *
     * @return string|resource The request body content or a resource to read the body stream
     *
     * @throws \LogicException
     */


  }

    /**
     * Gets the Etags.
     *
     * @return array The entity tags
     */
    public function getETags()
    {
        return preg_split('/\s*,\s*/', $this->headers->get('if_none_match'), null, PREG_SPLIT_NO_EMPTY);
    }

    /**
     * @return bool
     */
    public function isNoCache()
    {
        return $this->headers->hasCacheControlDirective('no-cache') || 'no-cache' == $this->headers->get('Pragma');
    }

    /**
     * Returns the preferred language.
     *
     * @param  $this->headers->remove('X_REWRITE_URL');
        } elseif ($this->server->get('IIS_WasUrlRewritten') == '1' && $this->server->get('UNENCODED_URL') != '') {
            // IIS7 with URL Rewrite: make sure we get the unencoded URL (double slash problem)
            $requestUri = $this->server->get('UNENCODED_URL');
            $this->server->remove('UNENCODED_URL');
            $this->server->remove('IIS_WasUrlRewritten');
        } elseif ($this->server->has('REQUEST_URI')) {
            $requestUri = $this->server->get('REQUEST_URI');
            // HTTP proxy reqs setup request URI with


    do {
                $seg = $segs[$index];
                $baseUrl = '/'.$seg.$baseUrl;
                ++$index;
            } while ($last > $index && (false !== $pos = strpos($path, $baseUrl)) && 0 != $pos);
        }

        // Does the baseUrl have anything in common with the request_uri?
        $requestUri = $this->getRequestUri();

         /*
     * Returns the prefix as encoded in the string when the string starts with
     * the given prefix, false otherwise.
     *
     * @param string $string The urlencoded string
     * @param string $prefix The prefix not encoded
     *
     * @return string|false The prefix as it is encoded in $string, or false
     */
    private function getUrlencodedPrefix($string, $prefix)
    {
        if (0 !== strpos(rawurldecode($string), $prefix)) {
            return false;


2 April 1968. She resigned from the politics in 1968 and worked untiringly for the welfare of women. She helped many people devastated during the 1977 Andhra Pradesh cyclone.

She educated several children, who otherwise would have been forced to work from a young age. These children now have excellent career prospects due to their education. One of them is serving in the Indian Army as an officer today.

She died on 22 February 1999 with her loving family by her side in Secunderabad, India.

She is survived by her son Kishore, Daughter-in-law Nalini, Grand Children Janardhan and Jyothsna. She is also survived by her daughter Doctor Urmila, Son-in-law Doctor Raman Rao, Grand Children Doctor Janardhan and Jyoti.

References

External links
 Biodata of C. Ammanna Raja at Rajya Sabha website.

Category:Rajya Sabha members fromIf this is your first visit, be sure to
check out the FAQ by clicking the
link above. You may have to register
before you can post: click the register link above to proceed. To start viewing messages,
select the forum that you want to visit from the selection below.

Threaded View

Newbee with LARGE wild hive

2 years ago I noticed a large hive in a tree in my yard. I wasn't too concerned as I thought it was cool. in time I showed my neighbors and now one is freaking out wanting them gone. So far as I know, no one has experienced any stings or anything negative. Ive made a few phone calls to folks whom ive found on internet searches. So far the only taker is someone who offered to ELIMINATE


Ubuntu on AWS Gets Serious Performance Boost with AWS-Tuned Kernel - nikolay
https://insights.ubuntu.com/2017/04/05/ubuntu-on-aws-gets-serious-performance-boost-with-aws-tuned-kernel/
======
nathan_f77
> If, for now, you prefer stability over speed, you can get still get going
> with Livepatch by reverting to the old kernel,

Ha, that's not the most inspirational ending.

I would have hoped that stability doesn't even need to be mentioned,
considering that this is now one of the default images on AWS. I don't think
anyone would choose this kernel if they thought there might be a higher chance
of it crashing and taking down their server.

~~~
sciurus
I think in this context by "stability" they mean "not rebooting"

[https://www.ubuntu.com/server/livepatch](https://www.ubuntu.com/server/livepatch)
is a commercial service that can apply security patches to a running kernel.

~~~
nathan_f77
Oh, you're right. Whoops, should have paid more attention!

------
xemdetia
I wish they did a better job describing where their gains were. I triedmore nuclear DNA to establish a pattern and prove that the earliest European farmers were migrants.

"That's what's going to tell us about the population history of Europe," added John Hawks, an evolutionary geneticist at the University of Wisconsin who was not involved in the study. "It's direct evidence."

Jakobsson said his team would like to attempt to sequence the entire genomes of the Swedish skeletons to establish exactly how they're related to modern humans.

Related Stories

(PhysOrg.com) -- DNA study suggests that further waves of prehistoric immigration are waiting to be discovered. Central and northern Europe's first farmers were immigrants with barely any ancestral ties to the modern population, ...

One of the most debated developments in human history is the transition from hunter‑gatherer to agricultural societies. This week's edition of Science


Pharyngolaryngeal symptoms associated with thyroid disease.
The current review summarizes previous reports on laryngopharyngeal symptoms associated with thyroid disease. This review also includes pharyngolaryngeal symptoms caused by thyroidectomy. However, we focus on pharyngolaryngeal symptoms following uncomplicated thyroidectomy, as this is an important issue in the fields of otolaryngology. An enlarged thyroid gland, as in thyroiditis, multinodular goiter, or large nodules, can cause compressive symptoms. Malignant nodules invading the recurrent laryngeal nerve and benign nodules compressing the nerve can cause vocal cord paralysis and hoarseness. Pharyngolaryngeal symptoms are known to develop after a thyroidectomy, generally as a result of injury to the superior or recurrent laryngeal nerve. However, recent studies have shown that various pharyngolaryngeal symptoms, such as globus symptoms and voice changes, occur after thyroidectomy in the absence of   "format" : "KAFKA"
        },
        "serdeOptions" : [ ]
      }, {
        "name" : "OUTPUT",
        "type" : "STREAM",
        "schema" : "`K` STRING KEY, `FOO` INTEGER, `BAR` INTEGER",
        "keyFormat" : {
          "format" : "KAFKA"
        },
        "serdeOptions" : [ ]
      } ],
      "topics" : {


{
  "name": "ShowAPI_SDK",
  "version": "0.1.2",
  "summary": "SDK for invoke api from www.showapi.com",
  "description": "*Simple SDK for invoke api from www.showapi.com",
  "homepage": "https://github.com/bluedarker/ShowAPI_SDK",
  "license": {
    "type": "MIT",
    "file": "LICENSE"
  },
  "authors": {
    "bluedarker": "bluedarker@gmail.com"
  },
  "source": {
    "git": "https://github.com/bluedarker/ShowAPI_SDK.git",
    "tag": "0.1.2"
  },
  "platforms": {
    "ios": "8.0"
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  "source_files": "ShowAPI_SDK/Classes/**/*",
  "dependencies": {
    "AFNetworking": [
      "~> 3.0"
    ]
  }
}
News organizations attending Monday evening’s presidential debate must pay $200 for a “Secure Wireless Internet Connection” at Hofstra University in New York state. The debate is set to begin at 9pm Eastern.

While profiteering during a high-profile occasion such as this is not unheard of—$15 for a patch cable?—what’s worse is that event staff at Hofstra University are reportedly using a $2,000 device to actively scan for hotspots and other ad-hoc Wi-Fi networks.

Dear god. @RyanBeckler just sent me this from Hofstra. They're charging $200 for media WiFi access. pic.twitter.com/VSagT6ZerF — (((Steph Haberman))) (@StephLauren) September 26, 2016

There was just an announcement in the debate filing center that personal wifi dongles are prohibited, instead you must buy their $200 wifi — Jim Newell (@jim_newell) September 26, 2016

Politico reporter Kenneth Vogel, who


theorem implies that under the conditions, the distribution of the scaling limit is a continuous convex combination of normal distributions with variance $z^{\prime\prime}_0(0)$. In other words, if we define the rescaled probability mass function on $\frac{Z}{\sqrt t} $ by $$\begin{aligned}
p_t(x, t)\equiv p(\sqrt t x, t), x \in \frac{Z}{\sqrt t},\end{aligned}$$ then $p_t$ converges in distribution to the continuous convex combination of normal distributions whose density function is given by $$F(x)=\frac{1}{2 \pi}\int_0^{2\pi}\frac{1}{\sqrt {2\pi z^{\prime\prime}_0(0)} }e^{-\frac{1}{2z^{\prime\prime}_0(0)}x^2}dk, x \in R.$$

**Proof:** By (\[eq:W\]), $U$ can be normalized to an $SU_2$ operator $W$. Note that by (\[eq:Lkkprime\])and (\[eq:prob t\]), $\mathcal{L}_{k k+\nu} $ and $p(x,t)$ are the same for $U$ and $W$. Therefore, without loss of generality, we may assume that $U \in SU_2(\mathbb{C})$. By (\[eq: formula G\]) and Cauchy’s integral formula, $$\begin{aligned}
<e^{i\nu x}>_t&=&\frac{1}{2\pi i}\oint_{|z|=r<1}at ambient temperatures. FLAME uses a ladder-level scheme of electronic orbitals (in our case, the 5*s*, 5*p*, and 5*d* orbitals of warm rubidium atoms), as illustrated in [Fig. 1A](#F1){ref-type="fig"}. A strong control pulse induces the coherent absorption of the signal pulse in the medium, thereby mapping the signal field onto the spatial field of quantum coherence between the lower and upper orbitals. A subsequent control pulse retrieves the signal via stimulated emission.

![FLAME scheme.\
(**A**) A ladder-level structure comprising purely orbital transitions (the surface colors display the phase structure of the orbitals 5*s*, 5*p*, and 5*d*) is achieved by optical pumping (purple) of the nuclear and electronic spins (green arrows) to the maximally polarized state. Nonzero detuning Δ from the intermediate level can be introduced. (**B**) To keep the ladder


the shape of the control pulses. Future work could explore the optimal regime of operation for FLAME.

As a benchmark, we examine a test case of synchronizing six probabilistic single-photon sources having initial success probability of 10^−3^, following Nunn *et al*. ([@R8]). [Figure 4](#F4){ref-type="fig"} summarizes the projected performance of reported memory protocols, demonstrating the FLAME advantage.

![Projected performance of reported quantum memories for synchronizing six heralded single-photon sources: High production rate and low noise (top-right quarter) are desired.\
The vertical dotted line marks the value 10^−3^ used as the success probability of the sources (thus indicating their intrinsic noise-to-signal ratio). The labels present the group, year, and memory protocol. AFC, full atomic frequency comb; EIT, EIT storage; GEM, gradient echo memory; Raman, far-detuned Raman storage; SL, storage loop. The calculation takesand overlapped at the center the vapor cell. The signal (control) beam was focused down to 2*w*~0~ = 170 μm (410 μm) waist diameter (1/*e*^2^). Both beams were σ^+^ polarized. The control peak power used in the measurements shown in [Fig. 2](#F2){ref-type="fig"} for off (on) resonance is 200 mW (580 mW), with a corresponding peak Rabi frequency of 2π × 410 MHz (2π × 700 MHz).

The 10-mm-long ^87^Rb vapor cell was anti-reflection--coated. It was heated to 72°C at its coldest spot and 100°C at the hottest spot using two electrical current heaters to set a Rb density of 6.5 × 10^11^ cm^−3^ and an OD ≈ 9. We obtained OD ≈ 15 with continuous optical pumping and OD ≈ 13 (during the storage) when the optical pumping was


the experiment was performed 1.2 μs after the optical pumping beams have been switched off by AOMs. A \~1 G magnetic field applied along the optical axis and a two-layer μ-metal magnetic shield protected the spin polarization from dephasing and thus from depumping due to ambient magnetic fields.

For the storage experiments presented in [Fig. 2](#F2){ref-type="fig"} and fig. S2, each data point was collected over 1 million experimental cycles using the SPCM. For the noise measurements presented in [Fig. 3B](#F3){ref-type="fig"}, each data point was collected over 5 million cycles using the SPCM. The measurement of efficiency versus control power in [Fig. 3A](#F3){ref-type="fig"} was collected using the fast APD and with weak laser pulses.

Analysis of memory efficiency
-----------------------------

The external efficiency is defined as the product of the internal efficiency and thethe hyperfine frequency differences within the 5D~5/2~ level are taken to be ω~43~ = 2π × 28.82 MHz, and ω~42~ = 2π × 51.77 MHz ([@R28]). The 5D~5/2~ *F* = 1 level is neglected in this model.

Because the stored pulse duration was much shorter than the inverse of the frequency differences within the 5D~5/2~ level, the stored coherences of different hyperfine states were all in-phase at the time of storage, *t*~0~. We were thus able to find *t*~0~, which might be offset from the peak of the signal reference because of the modified group velocity on and off resonance, by fitting [Eq. 1](#E1){ref-type="disp-formula"} to the measured oscillations. The obtained fit parameters are summarized in [Table 1](#T1){ref-type="table"}. The lifetime is governed by the inhomogeneous (motional) dephasing $\tau_{\sigma} = \sqrt{\tau_{s}\overline{\tau}/2}$,


may be requested from the authors.

Supplementary material for this article is available at <http://advances.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/4/1/eaap8598/DC1>

section S1. Atomic level scheme

section S2. Noise sources

section S3. Source data and performance analysis of different quantum optical memories

fig. S1. Rubidium level scheme.

fig. S2. External efficiency as a function of storage time *t*, with the optical pumping continuously on (yellow) or switched off before storage (red), or with no pumping at all (blue).

table S1. Memory parameters used for compiling [Fig. 4](#F4){ref-type="fig"}.

table S2. Memory parameters used for compiling [Fig. 4](#F4){ref-type="fig"} (cont.).

References ([@R30]--[@R44])

[^1]: These authors contributed equally to this work.
there is nothing Dagger could do.
If you want to use constructor injection you can just add an @Inject annotated constructor and are done. Dagger will see this constructor and know how to create your class.
class MyDependency {
    @Inject
    MyDependency() { /**/ }
}

That is all you have to do when you can make use of constructor injection.
from an @Provides-annotated method
The error message states a second option, which allows you to provide an object if you don't want—or can't—use constructor injection. You can also add a @Provides annotated method to a module and add this module to your component.
@Module
class MyModule {
    @Provides
    MyDependency provideMyDependency() {
        return new MyDependency();


Longstreet Press, Inc., Atlanta, Georgia, Written and Illustrated by Jim Harrison
 Jim Harrison Cookbook: Southern Cooking & Southern Stories" (2011) Sun Printing, Orangeburg, South Carolina, Written and Illustrated by Jim Harrison
 Jim Harrison, His World Remembered (1982) American Masters Foundation, Houston, Texas, Written by Gary C. Dickey, Illustrated by Jim Harrison
 The Passing: Perspectives of Rural America (1988) Longstreet Press, Inc., Atlanta, Georgia, Written by Ferrol Sams, Illustrated by Jim Harrison
 Pathways to a Southern Coast (Reprinted 2009) University of South Carolina Press, Columbia, South Carolina, Written by Jerry Blackwelder, Illustrated by Jim Harrison

References
 Jim Harrison Website biography
 Order of Palmetto Award
 Glimpses of Aiken article
 USC Press
 USC Honorary Degree article
 SC House of Representatives Resolution, April 8, 2008

External links
 JimINTRODUCTION {#s1}
============

Upper urinary tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC) is a relatively rare malignancy, accounting for only 5--10% of urothelial carcinomas (UCs) \[[@R1]\]. Radical nephroureterectomy (RNU) with ipsilateral bladder cuff excision remains the standard treatment for patients with large, multifocal or high-grade tumors \[[@R1]\]. Despite definitive surgery, UTUC has high potential for local and distant recurrence, especially in patients with advanced disease \[[@R2], [@R3]\].

The identification of new prognostic factors could help guide decisions regarding administration of adjuvant chemotherapy and selective enrolment into clinical trials of novel therapies. Tumor stage and grade have been documented as the major prognostic factors in patients with UTUC \[[@R1], [@R2]\]. In addition, tumor size, architecture, location and multiplicity as well as lymphovascular invasion (LVI) have been suggested as potential prognostic factors \[[@R1]\]. However, to date,


on the surrogate and final outcome on the study level. A number of meta-analytical methods have been proposed that aim to validate such surrogate endpoints.^[@bibr1-0962280215597260],[@bibr5-0962280215597260],[@bibr6-0962280215597260]^ For example, Daniels and Hughes proposed a Bayesian model for a joint synthesis of correlated outcomes, focused on summary data where partially available patient data can contribute to determining the within-study correlation.^[@bibr6-0962280215597260]^ Buyse et al., on the other hand, designed a frequentist meta-analytic model based on patient-level data from a number of studies in the form of a mixed effects model with two measures of surrogacy derived: on the patient level and the study level.^[@bibr5-0962280215597260]^ Part of the validation process, beyond establishing the correlations on both levels, involves investigating whether the treatment effect measured by the target outcome can be predicted from the treatmentand bivariate meta-analysis in Stata.^[@bibr16-0962280215597260]^

In the remainder of this paper, illustrative examples in RRMS and gastric cancer are introduced in Section 2, followed by the details of each model described in the Bayesian framework in Section 3, with additional details of the use of frequentist methods in Section 3.7 and methods for surrogate endpoint validation and model comparison in Section 3.8. Results are then presented and differences between the models discussed in Section 4 which are complemented by a simulation study in Section 5 aiming to test the performance of each method and its sensitivity to the distributional assumptions. The paper is concluded by a discussion section. WinBUGS coding for each of the models, R code for the simulation and Stata code for the frequentist approach are included


model is listed in Appendix 1.2.

3.3 Bivariate random effects meta-analysis (BRMA) {#sec10-0962280215597260}
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Bivariate meta-analytic methods have been proposed for joint modelling of correlated outcomes^[@bibr12-0962280215597260],[@bibr19-0962280215597260]^ and included approaches in a Bayesian framework.^[@bibr20-0962280215597260],[@bibr21-0962280215597260]^ BRMA is discussed here in the form described by van Houwelingen et al.^[@bibr12-0962280215597260]^ and Riley et al.,^[@bibr13-0962280215597260]^ where estimates of treatment effect on both outcomes *Y*~1*i*~ and *Y*~2*i*~ are assumed to be normally distributed $$(Y_{1i}Y_{2i}) \sim \text{MVN}((\mu_{1i}\mu_{2i}),\Sigma_{\mathbf{i}}),\quad\Sigma_{\mathbf{i}} = (\sigma_{1i}^{2}{\sigma_{1i}\sigma_{2i}\rho_{\mathit{wi}}}{\sigma_{1i}\sigma_{2i}\rho_{\mathit{wi}}}\sigma_{2i}^{2})$$ $$(\mu_{1i}\mu_{2i}) \sim \text{MVN}((\beta_{1}\beta_{2}),\mathbf{T}),\quad\mathbf{T} = (\tau_{1}^{2}{\tau_{1}\tau_{2}\rho_{b}}{\tau_{1}\tau_{2}\rho_{b}}\tau_{2}^{2}).$$

In this model, the treatment effect on the surrogate endpoint *Y*~1*i*~ and the treatment effect on the target outcome *Y*~2*i*~ are assumed to estimate the correlated true effects *μ*~1*i*~ and *μ*~2*i*~ with corresponding within-study variances $\sigma_{1i}^{2}$ and $\sigma_{2i}^{2}$ of the estimates and the within-study correlation *ρ*~*wi*~ between them. These true study-level effects follow a bivariate normal distributionthen predicted from the effect on the surrogate endpoint, conditional on the data on the treatment effects on both outcomes from the remaining studies and the parameters of the model.

Ultimately we want to draw inferences about predicting the true effect on the final outcome *μ*~2*j*~ in a future study *j*. However, in a real data scenario (as opposed to simulated data) we do not know what the true effect is. Hence for the purpose of the cross-validation, we predict the 'observed estimate' ${\overset{\hat{}}{Y}}_{2j}$. For this purpose, we assume *σ*~2*j*~ known and hence effectively only the true effect *μ*~2*j*~ is predicted. We then check if the observed value of *Y*~2*j*~ falls within the predicted interval of ${\overset{\hat{}}{Y}}_{2j}$ with the standard deviation equal to $\sqrt{\left. \sigma_{2j}^{2} + \mathit{var}({\overset{\hat{}}{\mu}}_{2j} \middle| Y_{1j},\sigma_{1j},Y_{1(


the predicted interval for ${\overset{\hat{}}{\mu}}_{2j}$ obtained from the FEMR.

4 Results {#sec18-0962280215597260}
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4.1 Results from Bayesian models: multiple sclerosis {#sec19-0962280215597260}
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To compare the models, in the first instance the estimates of the pooled effects on both outcomes, the relapse rate ratio and the disability progression rate ratio, were obtained from all the models. Due to the large heterogeneity of the control arm between the studies (and the fact that an intervention which is a control arm in one study may be an experimental arm in the other) only placebo-controlled studies were included in this particular estimation. The inclusion of all studies would not give clinically interpretable results and in order to combine evidence from all the trials in a sensible way, a network meta-analysis would need to be conducted which is1.28)0.93 (0.64, 1.36)0.76 (0.52, 1.12)Daniels & Hughes0.79 (0.52, 1.19)0.67 (0.35, 1.32)0.91 (0.59, 1.40)0.92 (0.59, 1.44)0.78 (0.49, 1.25)BRMA (Wishart)0.81 (0.41, 1.63)0.81 (0.33, 1.97)0.88 (0.39, 1.97)0.87 (0.35, 2.16)0.83 (0.38, 1.80)BRMA (PNF)0.86 (0.62, 1.21)0.87 (0.51, 1.46)0.87 (0.62, 1.22)0.87 (0.61, 1.24)0.87 (0.60, 1.27)NCTTG-794151ECCOG-EST3275EORTC-40905ICCGObserved1.02 (0.69, 1.51)0.94 (0.68, 1.30)0.93 (0.64, 1.37)1.05 (0.74, 1.49)Meta-regression0.99 (0.65, 1.49)0.92 (0.66, 1.30)0.91 (0.62, 1.36)1.11 (0.74, 1.66)Meta-regression 20.99 (0.64, 1.53)0.93 (0.64, 1.34)0.91 (0.60, 1.39)1.11 (0.72, 1.71)Daniels & Hughes0.95 (0.55, 1.64)0.91 (0.57, 1.44)0.89 (0.53, 1.50)0.99 (0.62, 1.59)BRMA (Wishart)0.87 (0.38, 2.02)0.80 (0.38, 1.70)0.92 (0.42, 2.01)0.89 (0.42, 1.92)BRMA (PNF)0.86 (0.56, 1.32)0.86 (0.59, 1.24)0.87 (0.56, 1.33)0.86 (0.59, 1.25)**Validation trials**A-cireraB-CLASSICE-GOIM-9602F-GOIRCObserved0.60 (0.39, 0.93)0.72 (0.52, 1.00)0.91 (0.69, 1.21)0.90 (0.64, 1.26)Meta-regression0.57 (0.34, 0.94)**0.58 (0.38, 0.88)**0.92 (0.68, 1.23)0.96 (0.67, 1.37)Meta-regression 20.57 (0.34, 0.96)**0.58 (0.37, 0.89)**0.92 (0.66, 1.27)0.96 (0.65, 1.40)Daniels & Hughes0.62 (0.33, 1.16)0.62 (0.38, 1.02)0.90 (0.61, 1.32)0.93 (0.59, 1.48)BRMA


and [12](#table12-0962280215597260){ref-type="table"}, the results from the models applied to the 'Oba data' for the example in gastric cancer were also very similar across the range of values of the degrees of freedom. Median interval ratio comparing the predicted to the observed effects was highest for *df* = 4, but still comparable with the results corresponding to other parameters and those from BRMA PNF. Predicted intervals of the true effects from PTDF model with *df* = 4 were wider than those obtained from BRMA PNF, with the median ratio of the widths $w_{{\overset{\hat{}}{\mu}}_{2j}^{\mathit{PTDF}}}/w_{{\overset{\hat{}}{\mu}}_{2j}^{\mathit{PNF}}} = 1.06$, but less so when *df* = 15 or 30 as expected. All predictions for both data sets are included in [Tables A 2.1](#table15-0962280215597260){ref-type="table"} and [A 2.2](#table16-0962280215597260){ref-type="table"} in Appendix 2. The results were similar to those obtained from the BRMA PNF{#sec25-0962280215597260}
============

The models considered in this paper allow for different level of uncertainty on the parameters and use different degree of distributional assumptions, both of which can impact on the accuracy of predictions. The models by Daniels and Hughes and the BRMA PNF seemed to predict the treatment effect on the target outcome equally well, giving conservative predictions (in comparison with meta-regression) because uncertainty around all the model parameters is taken into account, but not with overly inflated intervals. The two models, however, use a different degree of distributional assumptions. Considering, for example, a scenario where a new study may measure a treatment effect much larger compared to the effect observed in the historical studies (training set), the assumption in the BRMA PNF (about the true effects measured by