The chemistry of defense and apparency in the corollas ofNicotiana attenuata.
The morphological and chemical characteristics of flowers which attract pollinators present a dilemma for plants; advertising may increase the "apparency" of plants to their predators and some pollinators are also predators. We explore how a self-compatible disturbance species,Nicotiana attenuata, copes with this potential dilemma by examining the changes in emission of chemicals from flowers in response to pollination and herbivory. We propose that chemical changes induced by herbivory and pollination reflect the function of the chemicals in the plant. The emission of a single compound, benzyl acetone (BA, 4-phenyl-2-butanone), by flowers increases dramatically (50x) in the evening, peaking just after dark -a pattern of emission characteristic of moth-pollinated flowers. Pools of BA were found only in the outerincluded (87 males and 40 females; median age 7 years, range 2-17), 96 had non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (46 Burkitt's lymphoma and 50 other non-Hodgkin's lymphoma), 31 had chronic inflammatory conditions, and only 10% were HIV-positive. The most common clinical presentations for all disease categories considered were fever, night sweats, and weight loss. EBV viral load in whole blood was elevated in Burkitt's lymphoma compared to other non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (OR 6.67, 95% CI 1.32, 33.69; P-value = 0.04), but EBV viral loads in saliva and white blood cells were not different in any of the disease categories considered. A significant difference in EAd-IgG was observed when non-Hodgkin's lymphoma was compared with chronic inflammatory conditions (OR 0.19, 95% CI 0.07, 0.51; P-value = 0.001). When compared to chronic inflammatory conditions, EBV


a “thing” in the material sense of a point-particle? Or does information define the “things” it reflects?

The article says at one point, “Some have argued that there is nothing more to particles than their relations, but intuition rebels at this claim. For there to be a relation, there must be two things being related.” I think this is an objection the author is trying to answer.

This goes to the heart of the question. There are not necessarily two point-particle “things,” which exist independently and come into a relationship. After all, what would it mean for a thing to “exist independently” without reference to any relationships, and then somehow come into a relationship?

Instead the proposal is that a relationship forms between two concerns relative to one another, and outEpisode Summary

A jury Monday found a Philadelphia abortion provider guilty of three counts of first-degree murder. Dr. Kermit Gosnell, 72, was accused of killing babies by using scissors to cut their spinal cords. Authorities alleged that some of the infants were born alive and viable during the sixth, seventh and eighth months of pregnancy. Monday’s first-degree murder conviction means Gosnell, who is not a board-certified obstetrician or gynecologist, could be sentenced to death.moreless

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s = 768 - 754. Let a be 576/42 + 4/s. Solve 0*w = -7*w + a for w.
2
Let y(c) = 3*c + 7 + 2*c - c - 3*c. Let f be y(-7). Suppose 0 = -3*u + u - 5*d + 20, 3*u = -5*d + 25. Solve f = -5*l - 0 - u for l.
-1
Let g(f) = 3*f**3 + 62*f**2 - 28*f - 1. Let q be g(-21). Solve q*m = 148*m - 10 for m.
5
Let k(x) = -x**3 + 4*x**2 + 17*x - 2. Let a be k(7). Let v = 34 + a. Suppose 0 = -3*q + v*q - 3. Solve -22 - q = 5*o for o.
-5
Let z = 5726 + -5711. Solve 8 = 23*h - z for h.
1
Letl for z.
0
Let h(s) = 10*s - 87. Let b be h(9). Suppose -5 = -y - w - 2*w, -y = -b*w - 5. Solve y*p - 15 = 2*p for p.
5
Let o be 790/12 - 21/(-126). Suppose 0 = 33*r - 0*r - o. Solve -3*y - 4 - r = 0 for y.
-2
Let x(c) = -14*c + 418. Let z be x(29). Solve -64 + z = 52*r for r.
-1
Let m be -12 + 15 + -1 + -2. Suppose -s + y - 4 = -2, m = -2*s - y + 8. Suppose 0 = 5*z - 10*z + 10. Solve -i + z = -s for i.
4
Let o be ((-63)/(-9) - 280/21)*-9. Solve -u = 54 - o for u.
3
Suppose 3*v =


-2*z + 8*n - 9*n = -174. Solve -z = -31*x + 66 for x.
5
Let u(b) = -71*b + 3. Let m be u(-1). Suppose 8*q = -26 + m. Solve -9*v + q = -6*v for v.
2
Suppose 2*s = 4*s - 14, t - 3*s + 16 = 0. Solve 0 = -t*o + 53*o - 96 for o.
2
Suppose 372*x = -107*x + 1544 + 5641. Solve -80 = -x*t + 5*t for t.
8
Suppose 43*h = 47*h - 412. Let g = h + -103. Solve g = 2*w - 5 - 5 for w.
5
Suppose 4*n - 4 = 12. Suppose -h + 394*s + 75 = 389*s, -4*s = 3*h - 16. Solve l + n*l = h for l.
4
Suppose -8*u + 5*u - 5*w =is powered on. In a non-desirable power-on sequence, the power supply VDDL is established at the VDDL power rail sooner than the power supply VDDH at the VDDH power rail. Thus, as shown in FIG. 2, a time interval T exists in which the potential of the VDDL power rail is temporarily greater than that of the VDDH power rail. Under these circumstances, the junction between the p+-type diffusion region 22 and the n-type well 20 is momentarily forward biased. Therefore, large current is conducted to flow through the n-type well 20 toward the n+-type contact region 28 so that a lateral semiconductor controlled rectifier, comprises the p+-type source diffusion region 22, the n-type well 20, the p-well 21, and the n+-type source diffusion region 25, may be


Q:

Send Notification to specific user in spring boot websocket

I want to send notification to specific client.
e.g username user
@Configuration
@EnableWebSocketMessageBroker
public class WebSocketConfiguration extends
    AbstractWebSocketMessageBrokerConfigurer {

        @Override
        public void registerStompEndpoints(StompEndpointRegistry stompEndpointRegistry) {
            stompEndpointRegistry.addEndpoint("/socket")
                    .setAllowedOrigins("*")
                    .withSockJS();
        }

        @Override
        public void configureMessageBroker(MessageBrokerRegistry registry) {
            console.log('test'+notifications)
          this.notifications = JSON.parse(notifications.body).count;

      })     });

I am have searched many other questions and tried but none of them worked for me
e.g here answered by Thanh Nguyen Van and  here
Console
 Opening Web Socket...
    stomp.js:134 Web Socket Opened...
    stomp.js:134 >>> CONNECT
    accept-version:1.1,1.0
    heart-beat:10000,10000

    stomp.js:134 <<< CONNECTED
    version:1.1
    heart-beat:0,0

    stomp.js:134 connected to server undefined
    reminder.component.ts:18 test callsed
    stomp.js:134 >>> SUBSCRIBE
    id:sub-0
    destination:/user/queue/notification

thanks in


carried out locally. Net goods transportation may reduce as a result, negatively affecting transportation infrastructure’s revenue. Ports, which primarily handle the transportation of cargo rather than passengers and account for the majority of international goods transportation, may be the most affected by 3DP.

We believe that if trade protectionism continues to intensify, businesses in the US and China may have a strong incentive to adopt processes that facilitate domestic goods production, including 3DP. This could help the US reduce its bilateral trade deficit with China.

The bulk of US imports from China are products that, based on recent technological advancements, are well suited for 3DP, in our view. These imports include machinery and electronic equipment, such as computers and mobile phones. We expect that 20%-50% of these goods can beDiagnosis and Management of Exocrine Pancreatic Insufficiency.
Recent studies have documented that many patients with pancreatic exocrine insufficiency (EPI) are not identified and are not treated with appropriate dosages of pancreatic enzyme replacement therapy. This review will summarize the approach to diagnosis, treatment, and monitoring for treatment effect and complications in patients with exocrine insufficiency. While chronic pancreatitis is the most commonly identified cause of EPI, pancreatic cancer and pancreatic surgery are increasingly important. The diagnosis of EPI remains challenging, but fecal elastase is the most clinically useful test. Treatment requires an understanding of the appropriate dosage and timing of enzyme replacement, but recent studies show that clinicians often do not have this understanding. Monitoring and prevention of complications of EPI is increasingly important, particularly osteopenia and osteoporosis. In


Taiwan is even longer.

Since Taiwan has grown affluent quickly in the last 50 years, so one can easily find plenty of clichés for the nouveau riche on the island.

Many Taiwanese hesitate to admit that the nation is "uncivilized" despite ubiquitous modern amenities in the major cities. Practically every day one can see on TV news reports of settlement of all kinds of affairs via gang violence. Many innocent people have been beat up just for eyeing another motorcyclist the "wrong" way in Taiwan.

A news report says that over 75% of Taiwanese have received scam phone calls. While street vendors all across Taiwan hijack public space for tax-free wheeling and dealing. And when was the last time you saw a phone booth, streetlight and power pole and wall inTaipei free of little posters promoting real estate? These are just readily visible illegalities in Taiwan, with less obvious incidents of crime minor and egregious brimming across the nation. But the authorities continue to pitch the cliché that Taiwan is a nation ruled by law.

Those who have been to Tokyo would also find many alleys, streets (Linsen N. Rd. and Jinzhou St.) in Taipei a cliché summed up by the word "dump." Littering in Taipei is still taken for granted as a civic right.

The wealth gap in Taiwan is also a cliché for being wider than the Grand Canyon. New condos along section 2 of Zhonshan N. Rd. in Taipei are ritzy enough for 5th Ave. in NY City and yet contrast starkly against street vendors peddling used


decision about what to think.

Like

Reply

hauthomme

Active member

Member since 19 April 2016

hauthomme

21 October 2016 04:02:32

67 posts

hauthomme

21 October 2016 04:02:32

#4

67 posts

You should set up a workshop to share your personal insights regarding ex-pats in Taipei. Meanwhile maybe you can cite a few that you've met who defy negative stereotypes to be enviable examples, instead of the usual cash-strapped, English-majors without Chinese literacy nor substantial job skills forced to Taiwan to eke out a living by teaching ESL, many of whom also marry local women to gain residency and roof over their heads.Trump’s reputation as a dealmaker is a sham, walking away from Paris proves it

The arse of the deal: America, Trump voters and Trump himself all lose, bigly.

The man who wrote The Art of the Deal just put a knife into one of the best deals ever negotiated on behalf of this country. His decision Thursday to abandon the Paris climate agreement proves he is in reality one of the worst dealmakers in history.

On top of that, the U.S. emissions reduction pledge was the absolute bare minimum we could possibly put on the table and was much weaker than most other rich countries.

That’s why Trump’s claim Thursday he is willing to somehow “negotiate our way back into Paris … or to negotiate a new deal” was rejected just an


the opposite sex can be a deeply hurtful experience. While guys with a lot of confidence can blow it off and move on, shy guys tend to take it more personally and this is just one reason why they would probably avoid approaching girls in the future. With online dating, rejection is virtually impossible. The fact that you can carefully craft your profile and just hand out with girls will build your confidence and even if a girl don't want to date you online, its not a big deal because there isn't that face to face encounter.Chiffon. Long sleeves,unquie doll-neck,button cuff and no pocket,design make you attractive ,fashionable,sexy and elegant. Soft Fitted and breathable.Pair perfectly with pants,jeans, leggings, skirts, shorts and so on. Great for any seasons and occasions like party appointment,weeding all are ok! Hand or machine wash, low iron if necessary Women's Chiffon Long...

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the proof work. See tom Dieck's book Algebraic Topology pg. 40.
Actually the result follows more generally from the fact that a homotopy $H_t:X\times I\rightarrow Y$, $f\simeq g$, induces homotopies
$$Map(H_t,Y):Map(X',Y)\times I\rightarrow Map(X,Y),\qquad Map(Y,H_t):Map(Y,X)\times I\rightarrow Map(Y,X')$$
between the induced maps $f^*\simeq g^*$ and $f_*\simeq g_*$. These homotopies are defined the obvious way, and the trick lies in verifying their continuity.
It is not true that the same result holds if homotopy equivalence is replaced by weak equivalence. Let $\mathbb{S}$ be the digital circle. This is a finite topological space with four points which is a quotient of $S^1$. The quotient projection $q:S^1\rightarrow \mathbb{S}$ is a weak equivalence. It is not a homotopy equivalence, however, since the only maps $\mathbb{S}\rightarrow S^1$ are the constant maps. It follows that
$$q^*:Map(\mathbb{S},S^1)\rightarrow Map(S^1,S^1)$$
is not even bijective onbut it is Tomcat 7.

A:

This looks like a standard use-case for maven-war-plugin and extra resources, unless I'm missing something.
For example here (See section Configuring web resources) tells you that you can include additional resources in your war build (and this is what your two jars are to me : additional resources)
If this doesn't work for you then maven-assembly-plugin allows you to specify a much more flexible format.


Things to do in Lake Tahoe – Your Winter Travel Guide

Lake Tahoe is California's winter getaway. The movie stars jet up to its 5-star resorts to get away from the hustle and bustle of L.A. and it's an outdoor wonderland offering great adventures. These are the top things to do in Lake Tahoe during the winter months.

Things to do in Lake Tahoe :

The Winter Guide

We caught the winter wave last February to take part in everything snow during our road trip around Northern California. Tahoe surprised us with its diversity and how it changed from North to South.

Starting in the North we explore the quieter side of the region before heading off to the South where casinos, nightlife, and pure energy waited for our arrival.

Ski Lake Tahoe

Everyone knowsyou are looking for.

But a few places we sampled and can recommend are:

Riva Grill – is a lakefront eatery that is a local favorite. It offers contemporary American food and there's plenty of parking.

Outpost Brewing Company – is a great apres ski location offering handcrafted brews.

Azul Latin Kitchen – located near the gondola this restaurant offers a delicious Mexican inspired menu.

Off the Hook Sushi – Another local favorite, this hot spot is located in the middle of town and will satisfy your seafood cravings.

See full recommendations on where to eat at Tahoe South Food Guide

Lake Tahoe is a year-round destination offering activities for families, couples and even bachelors and bachelorettes.

We enjoyed North Lake Tahoe's laid-back pace and quiet atmosphere, but families and younger single travelers will definitely love


the excitement and energy of South Tahoes nightlife and casinos.

Have you been to Lake Tahoe in the winter?

What are your favorite things to do?

To see our full itinerary through California check out Follow Marketingkonferenz from Oceans to Mountains on Visit California.      self.resolved_entries = {}

    def __contains__(self, name: str) -> bool:
        return name in self.entries

    def __getitem__(self, name: str) -> Any:
        joined_path = os.path.join(self.path, name)
        if name not in self.resolved_entries:
            try:
                entry_value = self.entries[name]
                entry = DirectoryEntry(name=name, value=entry_value)
                obj = self.objectset[entry.number]


    return self.entries.keys()

    def items(self) -> Iterator[Tuple[str, Any]]:
        return ((k, self[k]) for k in self.keys())

    def __repr__(self) -> str:
        return 'Directory {path} {entries}'.format(path=self.path, entries=list(self.keys()))
will not be charged to their full capacity. The result is a reduced cycle life for the battery as compared to its individual cells.
A redox shuttle offers the best approach to cell overcharge protection. In this scheme, a material with an appropriate oxidation potential is dissolved in the electrolyte where it remains unreactive until the cell is charged fully. At a potential slightly above the cell charge limit (upper cutoff voltage), the redox shuttle is activated by its electrochemical conversion. The cell potential during overcharge is fixed at the oxidation potential of the redox shuttle. This process is supported by diffusion of the oxidized products to the anode where they recombine to form the starting material. Once the reformed material diffuses back to the cathode, it is oxidized


pressures that an academic faces. If you are an undergraduate you might be carrying 6 courses, a part-time job, a research experience to put on your resume, community service, and a social life. If you are a graduate student, you may be also taking several courses, teaching or assisting in one or two others, planning and conducting your own independent research, mentoring other students, and keeping your social life on life support. If you are a faculty member—whether or not on tenure track—you have probably given up on the social life part, but you are now trying to build or maintain a research program, serve your academic community, serve the community where you live, manage a household, and so on … Every one of us who has beento the same ideas every day. It’s like hanging out with our familiar circle of friends: we’re comfortable, but not learning anything really new and not seeing our own life through a new lens. Reading for enjoyment is like meeting new friends or making new acquaintances. In reading for enjoyment, we offer ourselves the opportunity to make new connections across disciplines because we are likely reading for enjoyment what we could never justify on the basis of our daily work. Being exposed to these new ideas gives us a new lens through which we can view our work. Let God nourish your soul and give you food for pleasure.

Action

The main reason we don’t read is time management. In my last entry, I gave you a first step towards


very precious as an academic worker. You need the time to pursue idea development and reading for pleasure.

Get a public library card and/or buy a magazine. [Humanities and liberal arts scholars, again: don’t laugh.] If you haven’t been reading for pleasure at this point, the most obvious thing to do, at least 10 years ago when I was in graduate school, would be to make a point to walk through the peer-reviewed periodicals of interest every day for about 30 minutes or so. Not only would you be doing “work,” but titles of interesting papers would catch your eye. Now, most institutions keep electronic subscriptions and the periodicals stacks are disappearing. The next thing to try after this is get a public library card and once a weekScholars Network (ESN)! ESN is a national network which supports those on the academic pathway as they work out how their academic vocation serves God and others. We encourage and equip undergraduates, graduate students, postdocs, and early career faculty as they navigate each stage of their academic vocation and transition to the next step in or beyond the academy.

On campus? Then don't miss the opportunity to become a part of an InterVarsity campus fellowship. For more information on InterVarsity Christian Fellowship’s ministry to graduate students and faculty, click here. To God be the glory!

Editorial Staff

The views expressed on the Emerging Scholars Blog are those of our individual contributors and guest authors, not necessarily of InterVarsity or the Emerging Scholars Network. Learn more about what we believe here.

Have an


of this vaccine and to explore possible dosage levels for clinical evaluation. Groups of five monkeys each were immunized i.m. with 25 microg, 50 microg, 100 microg and 200 microg of PfCP2.9/ISA 720 in 0.5 mL on days 0 and 112. The mean anti-PfCP2.9 titres to the 50 microg dose group were higher than the other dose groups; however, there was no statistically significant difference between the anti-CP2.9 titres of any of the groups, suggesting that the immune response to PfCP2.9 was saturated at 25 microg. One animal in the 100 microg dose group elicited a higher antibody and IFN-gamma response to PfCP2.9 than the rest of the cohort; this animal developed a small sterile abscess following the second vaccination, which spontaneously resolved within one week. (a) 50after returning to his hometown on leave, learns that his sister has been abducted by a band of violent extremists. To save her, Carter launches a daring one-man assault on their base of operations – only to discover the group’s ruthless leader is plotting a deadly terrorist strike

Special Features:

Shipwrecked: Breaking Down the Boat

The Miz Rocks the Boat

The Miz Declassified

Casting Call: Ready to Enlist

Miz Journal

After launching their website (WWEDVD.co.uk) just last week, FremantleMedia have already shipped out their very first new WWE DVD and Blu-ray – Night of Champions 2012.

We also heard that the 50 winners of the CM Punk signed sleeve will be contacted next week by email, and they will also receive a WWE Certificate of Authenticity. Good luck to everyone who pre ordered.

You can pre-order the


I found myself tasked with running a new online marketing strategy for our company, with little experience, and hardly a clue on how I was going to do it. Quite a daunting task for the new guy at the company.

Our company, Baghouse.com, which sells industrial dust collection systems (a type of air pollution control technology), had decided that we needed to exploit of the overall lack of internet presence in our industry, and use that to our advantage by initiating a new online marketing strategy. This new strategy included a redesigned website with a focus on useful, practical content that would increase our company’s reputation as a industry leader, and bring in new customers.

My job was to figure out how we were going to do it, how toplaces you never thought it could go.

Comments

Knowing your stuff is the key, if you don’t and you try and fake it, at some point you will get called out, either on your blog or on a blog you’re guest posting, it’s okay not to know everything, but don’t pretend to know more than you do.

Thank you so much for the great read, Dominick. And a huge thank you to including the need for experienced SEO professionals after you’ve had a chance to implement the basics on a website yourself.

When potential clients ask why they need a SEO “expert”, when they have a web developer, I like to give them an example in human terms. There is a huge difference between being a American history expert and being a


A bald eagle was euthanized Friday morning in California after it was illegally shot with a pellet gun and poisoned with lead, authorities said.

The male eagle was found with a fractured wing Jan. 31 in Petaluma, north of San Francisco, the Bay Area's Fox 2 KTVU-TV reported. The bird was then taken to a veterinary hospital, where an X-ray revealed that its ulna was fractured, according to the Sonoma County Wildlife Rescue.

BALD EAGLE IN MISSOURI FOUND CAUGHT IN FENCE MAY HAVE INGESTED POISON, OFFICIALS SAY

The eagle was also determined to have elevated lead levels that "severely and fundamentally compromised" the bird's heart. Lead exposure usually happens when raptors consume rodents or other animals with human-implemented lead shots in them. For this reason, lead shots are now illegal insc_sYc 1000000.5 of _ {
      False -> sc1_sYd;
      True ->
        main_$s$wfoldlM_loop
          (+## sc_sYc 1.0)
          (+##
             sc1_sYd (*## sc_sYc (sqrtDouble# sc_sYc)))

GHC reduced our create and test steps into a single loop with no lists used. Just 2 doubles in registers.
And with half as many loops, it runs nearly twice as fast:
$ ghc D.hs -Odph -fvia-C -optc-O3 -optc-march=native -fexcess-precision --make
$ time ./D
4.000005000001039e14
./D  0.04s user 0.00s system 95% cpu 0.038 total

This is a nice example of the power that guarantees of purity provide


1. Introduction
===============

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory disease of the central nervous system (CNS). Both experimental and clinical evidence suggest that it is initiated by autoreactive immune cells directed against components of the CNS, be it the oligodendrocytes, the astrocytes, or the neurons \[[@B1-ijms-16-16576]\]. The pathologic hallmarks are demyelination, gliosis, and axonal loss, the latter of which is thought to contribute most to sustained disability \[[@B2-ijms-16-16576]\]. Despite numerous experimental, genetic, and epidemiological studies, the trigger mechanisms of this autoimmune disorder remain elusive. MS is thought to be caused by a complex interplay of genetic and environmental factors (infections, Vitamin D, gut microbiome, and others) \[[@B1-ijms-16-16576],[@B3-ijms-16-16576],[@B4-ijms-16-16576],[@B5-ijms-16-16576],[@B6-ijms-16-16576]\]. One of the potential and most controversially discussed infectious triggers is Epstein-Barr virus infection, which might lead to cross-reactive antibodies targeting CNScapacity to down-regulate immune responses. This regulatory function involves both cell-mediated mechanisms and the secretion of anti-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-10 and IL-35 \[[@B43-ijms-16-16576],[@B44-ijms-16-16576],[@B45-ijms-16-16576],[@B46-ijms-16-16576]\]. In mice, regulatory B cells have been phenotyped as immunoglobulin M (IgM)-positive, CD138-high, TNF receptor superfamily 13b-positive, CXC receptor-4-positive, CD1d-intermediate, and hepatitis A virus cellular receptor (T-cell mucin 1)-intermediate (IgM^+^, CD138^hi^, TACI^+^, CXCR4^+^, CD1d^int^, and TIM1^int^) \[[@B45-ijms-16-16576]\]. Moreover, the generation of regulatory B cells in mice has been shown to depend in particular on the presence of IL-21 and T cell interaction via CD40/CD40L \[[@B47-ijms-16-16576]\].

3. Autoantigen Candidates in MS---The Ongoing Treasure Hunt
===========================================================

3.1. In Vitro and in Vivo Evidence for Autoantibody Involvement in MS
---------------------------------------------------------------------

While the cellular effects of B cells have only shifted into focus recently, it has been assumed for a long time that


University who was not involved in the research, called the Xultun murals “stunning new evidence of the ancient origins of Maya astronomical record keeping, best known from later documents.”

Tulane University’s Marc Zender, another Mayan expert not involved in the work, said that “it’s about as exciting as discovering lost manuscripts of a famous mathematician like Archimedes. It’s an amazing privileged glimpse over their shoulders.”

Saturno said the building had been filled in by the Mayans, heaped with dirt and rubble. “They just backed themselves out the door and left,” he said; no one knows why. But the fill probably helped preserve the paintings.

With the virtually unexplored city of Xultun containing hundreds of buildings stretching across at least 16 square miles of jungle, Saturno guesses that plenty of other surprisesPatch, which was greater than in the surrounding waters, indicates that the inflow of plastic into the patch continues to exceed the outflow.

Meanwhile, the annual global consumption of plastic currently totals more than 320 million tons, and is on the rise, according to the report.

The Ocean Cleanup is a non-profit organization based in Delft, Netherlands. The group – which consists of more than 70 engineers, researchers, scientists and computer modelers – says its goal is to develop advanced technologies to help eliminate plastics in the world’s oceans. Boyan Slat is founder of The Ocean Cleanup and co-author of the new study. He elaborated on the relevance of the findings for his organization’s cleanup plans:

To be able to solve a problem, we believe it is essential to first understand


anything you can honestly call a cocktail. After finding it to be all but indestructible through a number of iterations, I’m honestly a bit surprised that this drink isn’t as well known as it’s Anglicized screwdriving cousin. It’s also one of the very few decent cocktails that can actually travel easily in a thermos or other container, but more about that below.

Build your drink in an old fashioned or a Tom Collins glass. Combine ingredients with plenty of ice. Stir. Drink — no need to toast anyone special with this one, just enjoy it.

***
There was a time in my life when a screwdriver was one of my go-to drink order when I couldn’t think of anything else to ask for. Had I only known that switching out theI needed an easily portable beverage to bring to the annual Drive-in-Movie outing hosted by world famous film blogger Dennis Cozzalio of the legendary cinephile blog, Sergio Leone and the In-Field Fly Rule. I had hoped to bring the fresh squeezed Cliquet, but simply didn’t have time to squeeze out umpteen oranges. I was delighted to discover that it almost didn’t matter and was pleased to see that I was correct in that the ingredients could be easily premixed and then poured over ice on site into a plastic cup without losing its appeal. At least that’s what Dennis and I thought.

A few words about non-orange juice ingredients. As you might expect, using my beloved 100 proof Rittenhouse Rye yielded a slightly kickier concoction, while 90 proof Buffalo


the purification apparatus may contain an unacceptably high level of impurities. However the level may not be high enough to be perceived by taste and the family may not know that they should have the purification apparatus serviced earlier than scheduled. On the other hand, a family may use the third faucet so infrequently that the water delivered by the purification apparatus may still be very pure when tested by the maintenance personnel on his or her regularly scheduled service call. If the service call was not yet necessary the result is wasted time and expense.
Without some sort of readily observed purity indicator a person dispensing water from the third faucet simply cannot be sure that they are consuming pure water at any given time. This may causethe US health care system, and no study has specifically examined cost-effectiveness of intrathecal baclofen in a pediatric population. The aim of this article is to assess the cost-effectiveness of intrathecal baclofen among children with severe spasticity of cerebral origin who have not responded to less invasive treatments such as oral medications relative to alternative medical and surgical therapy. The authors used mathematical modeling and computer simulation to estimate the incremental cost per quality-adjusted life-year for identical cohorts of children treated with intrathecal baclofen or alternative therapy over a 5-year episode of treatment. Data on treatment costs representative of these children were derived from a health insurance claims database that included both commercial and Medicaid data. Utility values used to construct quality-adjusted life-years were obtained from a panel


of expert clinicians who used the Health Utilities Index-2 to rate health states associated with the course of treatment. On average, intrathecal baclofen therapy increased the 5-year cost of treatment by $49 000 relative to alternative treatment. However, this was accompanied by an average gain of 1.2 quality-adjusted life-years. The net result was an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio of $42 000 per quality-adjusted life-year, a figure well within the $50 000 to $100 000 range that is widely accepted as offering good value for the money.with the Shin Han alcohol markers CTMH is carrying now. Here I used them with Happy Birds stamp set and Confetti Wishes paper.

I did love those old water based markers and the way they coordinated with our colors, however the possibilities with alcohol markers are so much greater. CTMH carries an assortment of 24 colors and the blending marker. You can use the markers to just color. Simple. But the coverage you will get is so much nicer than with water based inks and you don't get streaks. You simply color in and the best technique I've found is to start at the edges and then color in small circles.

You can layer colors if you don't have just the color you want. For instance on another card I


coloring in parts with markers or colored pencils, and I added even more color by just lightly tracing the branches with green and highlighting the berries with red. The cute little owl peaking out from the corner is not from this set, but a hint to what you might find inside. I decided to use the sentiment as the highlight of the front of my card because on the inside.......

I've been playing with the new Artfully Sent cartridge and it's chock full of great card patterns including pop-up cards as well as envelopes, and plenty of cuts that can be used in your scrapbooks or cards of your own design. On the inside of this card the presents pop out when you open the card. I used theGorges to hold 'First Day' Hike

Volunteers at Gorges State Park in Sapphire take a break to look at a waterfall after helping clear Bearwallow trail earlier this year. The park will host a 'First Day Hike' starting at 10 a.m. on New Year's Day.

Start off the new year on the right foot. All North Carolina state parks will hold "First Day" hikes to get residents outdoors early this year. Gorges State Park will host a hike starting at 10 a.m. Tuesday at the Bearwallow Picnic Shelter.

Ranger Kevin Bischof will lead the 1.25-mile round-trip hike to Lower Bearwallow Falls and will discuss wildflowers and geology along the way. After he returns to the parking area, Bischof will lead another, easier, one-mile round-trip hike to the Gorges Overlook.

The entrance is


Throughout this series I’ve learned a lot about self-care but if were to boil it down to two words I would have to say: self love.

I posted this quote by Brooke Castillo to Facebook the other day:

“The sensation of hunger is satisfied with fuel; the emotion of hunger is satisfied with self love.”

One of my friends commented: “Self love is a hard one, Amy.”

But why is self love so difficult?

Debbie Ford, author of The Dark Side of the Light Chasers shares this story:

When I was in a drug detox center a woman came in to give a lecture to a group of us. She began by telling us that she’d graduated from college at the top of her class. She had been married for thirteen years and hadme toward greater happiness. I love that I am an eternal work in progress!”

I love that I’m not afraid to express myself even when it comes off as too direct. I love my curiosity and my energy. I love how much I’m willing to be vulnerable. I love how much I love. I love that I am a great dancer. I love that I’m a genuine, sweet and funny person.

Now YOU go! Go ahead, play to your edge. Post a comment for the whole world to see (okay maybe just the people who read this blog) and declare your love for yourself!

Want More?

To see more from Amy’s Self-Care series, click here. To sign-up for her free e-course titled I Don’t Need Your Approval! How to Overcome Your Inner


to any family is how much that family is bringing in. And that goes to the heart of the income-inequality debate: Most Americans still have yet to recover from the Great Recession, even though that downturn ended seven years ago. The average income for the 99 percent is still lower than it was back in 1998 after adjusting for inflation.

One reason the income disparity is troubling for the nation is that it’s thinning out the ranks of the middle class.

Where they standIntroduction {#s0005}
============

African American adults are disproportionately affected by obesity compared with non-Hispanic White adults. Specifically, 48.4 percent of African Americans suffer from obesity (including 38 percent of men and 57.2 percent of women) compared with 36.4 percent of Whites (including 34.7 percent of men and 38.2 percent of women) ([@bib19]). Robust evidence suggests that engaging in regular physical activity (PA) is crucial to maintaining energy balance required for staying at a healthy weight, yet less than half of African American adults (42.4%) meet the federal PA guidelines compared to 52.9% for White adults ([@bib58]). An even smaller percentage of African American women (13.6%) achieve recommended PA levels, representing one of the lowest prevalence for any race and sex demographic group ([@bib53]). This difference constitutes an important racial disparity


shown to have different functions across gender ([@bib36], [@bib41]). For instance, there is evidence that women find prioritizing weight loss and exercise difficult given their roles as caregivers and other household and family responsibilities ([@bib13]) and other studies find that certain family members could undermine women's intention to engage in physical activity ([@bib35]).

The current study was motivated by the gap in knowledge regarding the social relationships that might motivate or prevent African American adults in engaging in physical activity. We were particularly interested in understanding the extent to which structural features such as social network size, diversity and social isolation differentially predict physical activity and body weight from functional features such as social support, since there is evidence to suggest these influence health through different pathways ([@bib8]). Ourcategories: (1) family members (immediate family, birth family, spouse, in-laws) (2) close friends (3) co-workers (4) neighbors (5) people in their religious community or attend the same place of worship (e.g., church) (6) others (e.g., people they know through recreational activities, etc.). The number of people in each category was summed to compute each participant's social network size. Finally, we used frequencies to trim implausible values.

### Social Isolation {#s0030}

Prior work defines social isolation as the absence of contact with other individuals or a deficiency in social relationships or integration ([@bib11]). However, because the study did not have a measure of self-reported perceptions of social isolation, we constructed this variable based on the bottom 20% of their social network size. Similar approaches have been used in prior research on


social isolation and health outcomes ([@bib20], [@bib39], [@bib40]). Based on this empirical definition, people with \< = 13 in their social network (i.e., bottom 20%) were categorized as socially isolated and those with \> 13 in their social network were not considered socially isolated.

### Social network diversity {#s0035}

To measure the extent to which participants' social networks were comprised of diverse role categories of network members (i.e., diverse mix of family, friends, coworkers etc.) we used the formula in Blau's index of diversity ([@bib5]) recently applied to diverse, ethnic, urban populations ([@bib38]). Specifically, the index is calculated by $1 - \sum p_{i}^{2}$ , where *p* is the proportion of network members in a given category and *i* is the number of different categories of network member roles (*i* =found social support is associated with several different domains of physical activity, including moderate-to-leisure time physical activity ([@bib10], [@bib45], [@bib47]). None of these studies, however, measured the extent of support for physical activity from different network members. The strength of our measure is that it included all members in a person's social network, such as proximal groups like friends and families, as well as more distal members like neighbors and coworkers. Further, it is consistent with a prior study of African American women in the Deep South ([@bib30]), which found family and friends were a major source of discouragement for engaging in health behaviors. Diversity of network might not help in this regard either if negative norms around physical activity for African American women are held by proximal


and distal groups alike. Future research should measure the extent to which network members know one another since our study was unable to do so, and test the extent to which network density promotes or discourages health behaviors, including physical activity ([@bib54]).

Our finding on social isolation also highlights some important factors that may be important for our understanding the provision of social support for physical activity among African Americans and how the mechanisms might differ across gender. For example, African American women who are socially isolated may have few interactions with physically inactive network members, and may rarely participate in social activities that promote sedentary behaviors ([@bib9]). On the other hand, socially isolated men might have healthier eating behaviors given other research that suggests those who are sociallycombinations of such a cytotoxic agent and an antifungal agent for the treatment of seborrheic dermatitis of the scalp; specifically disclosed is the combined use of an unidentified composition comprising 1.8% coal tar and an unidentified solution comprising 2% ketoconazole. WO-96/29983 discloses mild aqueous detergent compositions comprising from about 4 to about 12% by weight of an anionic surfactant, an amphoteric surfactant at a level of at least about 0.75 parts by weight per part by weight of said anionic surfactant, and one or more of 11 listed therapeutic agents.
U.S. Pat. No. 4,209,449 (EP-0,013,713) discloses synthetic, amphotheric phospholipids which exhibit outstanding foaming, viscosity-building, wetting, cleansing, detergency, anti-static and emulsifying properties. A number of the synthetic, amphotheric phospholipids described therein are commercially available from Mona Industries, Inc., Paterson, N.J.,


odour or stench, absence of staining or soiling of the clothes, and overall conditioning (wet and dry combing properties). Dandruff or seborrheic dermatitis are often accompanied by high or excessive oil or sebum production, and compositions having a beneficial effect thereon would clearly constitute a further advance in the treatment of dandruff.
Thus far, in order to achieve the above desiderata, most efforts have involved reformulating the shampoo base. There is, however, still a need for increasing the tolerability/acceptability of medicated shampoos, i.e. new shampoos are desired that are tolerated better by larger proportions of patients using such new shampoos.to Ms Williams’s brother, Donald Kinghorn.

Miss Mellor said Mr Kinghorn had been taken to hospital shortly before the incident for treatment to long-term health problems. Ms Williams, who is thought to have been in her eighties, lived in her own house two doors away on the same street, but spent much of her time looking after Mr Kinghorn at his home.

Neighbours had heard a smoke alarm sounding and smelled smoke earlier in the evening, but assumed it was coming from another street.

Later on Miss Mellor said she felt her own windows getting hot, such was the intensity of the fire. But it was only after leaving her house following a party that one of Miss Mellor’s friends noticed smoke coming from Mr Kinghorn’s home.

Miss Mellor said: “My friend


Multi expression programming

Multi Expression Programming (MEP) is a genetic programming variant encoding multiple solutions in the same chromosome. MEP representation is not specific (multiple representations have been tested). In the simplest variant, MEP chromosomes are linear strings of instructions. This representation was inspired by Three-address code. MEP strength consists in the ability to encode multiple solutions, of a problem, in the same chromosome. In this way one can explore larger zones of the search space. For most of the problems this advantage comes with no running-time penalty compared with genetic programming variants encoding a single solution in a chromosome.

Example of MEP program

Here is a simple MEP program:
1: a
2: b
3: + 1, 2
4: c
5: d
6: + 4, 5
7: * 3, 5

On each line we can have a terminal orRT-PCR and 3 SST receptors by immunocytochemistry. Accumulated evidence has been proved the relationship between cell cycle regulation and RB protein phosphorylation. In the chemosensitized GBC-SD cell line treated with SST, phosphorylated RB and cell cycle arrest were simultaneously manifested. We reasoned that somatostatin might enhance the chemosensitivity of GBC-SD cells to doxorubin through arresting the cell cycle at S phase, but not P53 and Bax protein induced cell apoptosis.


equation:[Equation 1]P(x,y)=R(x+ui,y+vi(x,y)εBi,0≦i<N  (1)
where P(x, y) and R(x, y) denote the sample values (luminance or chrominance intensity) of pixels located at coordinates (x, y) in the predicted image P of the current frame and the reference image (decoded image of a frame which has been encoded before the current frame) R, respectively. “x” and “y” are integers, and it is assumed that all the pixels are located at points where the coordinate values are integers. Additionally it is assumed that the sample values of the pixels are quantized to non-negative integers. N, Bi, and (ui, vi) denote the number of blocks in the image, the set of pixels included in the i-th block of the image, and the motion vectors of the i-th block, respectively.
When the values for “ui” andtime used to synthesize the interframe predicted image in the encoder.
The procedure for synthesizing the predicted image is explained next. The above mentioned quantized DCT coefficients 106 forms the reconstructed error image 110 (same as the reconstructed error image on the receive side) after passing through a dequantizer 108 and inverse DCT converter 109. This reconstructed error image and the output image 113 of the interframe/intraframe coding selector 119 is added at the adder 111 and the decoded image 112 of the current frame (same image as the decoded image of current frame reconstructed on the receiver side) is obtained. This image is stored in a frame memory 114 and delayed for a time equal to the frame interval. Accordingly, at the current point, the frame memory 114


and reassuring the families that the patient did not experience pain. Main outcomes were physician compassion score, trust in physician, and emotions. After viewing the video with compassion-enhanced behaviors compared with the video without them, participants assigned significantly lower compassion scores (reflecting higher physician compassion) (mean 26.2 vs. 36.4, F = 33.1, P < 0.001); higher trust in physician (5.10 vs. 3.00, F = 39.7, P < 0.001); and lower scores for anger (2.49 vs. 3.78, F = 18.0, P < 0.001), sadness (3.42 vs. 3.85, F = 11.8, P = 0.001), fear (1.93 vs. 2.55, F = 15.8, P < 0.001), and disgust (2.45 vs. 3.71, F = 19.4, P < 0.001). To convey compassion on death pronouncement, we recommend that physicians initiate prompt examination, explain thatkind of bite sized. They were like little fudge/cheesecake bites. Very tasty – great texture – hard and soft at the same time. I didn’t have gelatin so I used xantham gum (you use 1/2 the amount when you use it in place of gelatin) ~ it worked fine! I also added a little less creamcheese and a little more PB because I felt the ratio was a little strong on the cream cheese and I wanted it to taste really Peanut Buttery – it came out perfect I think. 🙂 Thanks for such a great recipe/treat!

I just made this tonight,….and it was so bad!!! Not your fault at all but the stupid no sugar sweetner,is there anything that will help get rid of that awful taste? Did


WVTG strives to provide a positive experience for athletes. Safety, in a fun environment, is our number one priority! We offer a fun and safe environment for your child to express their creativity and athleticism, while also learning about teamwork. We strive to promote physical and spiritual development of athletes through Gymnastics, Tumbling & Cheer. We are dedicated to providing a rewarding and encouraging experience through team building and learning about teamwork!

Our Mission

To provide the highest level of EXPERT INSTRUCTION, SAFETY and FUN, with EVERY Athlete in EVERY sport, EVERY day.

We offer classes for all ages and skill levels within our programs.

Competitive Cheerleading for all skill levels

Competitive and Recreational Tumbling

Competitive, Recreational and Preschool Gymnastics

Ninja Nation Obstacle Course Training

We safety certify all coaches in their respective programs. All coachescall firebase deploy or firebase deploy --only hosting.
Between each deployment, you don't need to delete the dist folder. Just delete its content and replace it by the files/directories that were generated by your build process.

Note that I wrote "under the dist folder of your Firebase project" because your answer to the "What do you want to use as your public folder?" question is dist.


experiments and computational modeling to explore the mechanics of the first phase of looping, called c-looping, as the initially straight HT bends and twists into a c-shaped tube normally directed toward the right side of the embryo (Patten, [@B30]; Männer, [@B26]). Employing an engineering approach, we have identified several of the forces that are involved in c-looping and have proposed hypotheses for how these forces are integrated to produce a looped heart (Voronov et al., [@B55]; Latacha et al., [@B21]; Taber, [@B46]; Taber et al., [@B51]; Shi et al., [@B39]). Computational models with simplified heart geometry have been instrumental in testing the physical plausibility of our hypotheses for bending or rotation alone, but a realistic model for the entire c-looping process has not yet been published. Models areby forces generated within the HT, torsion is driven primarily by external loads (Butler, [@B9]; Voronov and Taber, [@B56]; Voronov et al., [@B55]; Latacha et al., [@B21]; Ramasubramanian et al., [@B33]). Proposed bending mechanisms include buckling as the HT outgrows the allotted distance between its ends (Patten, [@B30]; Bayraktar and Männer, [@B4]), dorsally constrained longitudinal stretching as CJ swells and inflates the HT (Manasek et al., [@B24]), differential hyperplastic growth of the myocardium (Stalsberg, [@B43]), active changes in myocardial cell shape (Manasek et al., [@B23]; Latacha et al., [@B21]; Auman et al., [@B2]), differential cytoskeletal contraction (Itasaki et al., [@B19]; Taber et al., [@B49]), and bending forces exerted on the HT by remnants of the DM after it ruptures (Taber et al., [@B49]).

Recently, we have shown that the


consists of the heart \[white dashed line; see also **(B)**\], which is sandwiched between the splanchnopleure (SPL) and the ventral wall of the foregut (FG). The caudal end of the SPL is attached to the caudal side of the omphalomesenteric veins (OVs) around the anterior intestinal portal (AIP), and the other membrane boundaries are fixed (black solid lines). **(B)** The heart model (ventral view) includes the heart tube (HT), conotruncus (CT), and the left and right OVs (LOV and ROV). The ends of the CT and OVs are constrained to move along the normal directions on their boundary surfaces (circular discs with arrows). **(C)** The dorsal mesocardium (DM), a narrow region along the dorsal side of the HT (side view), is free except near its cranial and caudalthe identity tensor and T denoting the transpose.

3.5. Material properties
------------------------

Mechanical properties are based on the microindentation measurements of Zamir and Taber ([@B57]). These authors characterized the myocardium and CJ of HH12 chick hearts as homogeneous isotropic materials using a strain-energy density function in the form

W

=

A

B

(

e

B

(

I

¯

1

−

3

)

−

1

)

\+

1

D

(

J

∗

2

−

1

2

−

ln

J

∗

)

,

where *A* and *B* are material constants, and I~1~ = *J*^\*−2/3^ tr (**F**^\*T^ · **F**^\*^) is a modified strain invariant. Since another study found no significant difference in end-diastolic stiffness between HH10 and HH12 hearts (Rémond, [@B36]), we assume that the material properties remain relatively unchanged throughout c-looping and take the above strain-energy density function for all tissues in our model.

For myocardium and CJ, we used the mean values of the mechanical parameters reported by Zamir and Taber ([@B57]), i.e., *A*~MY~ = 13.0 Pa,


                                            *S*(Θ) = (*M*~s~ − 1) · (Θ / π − 1)^2^ + 1
  OV fusion[^†^](#TN3){ref-type="table-fn"}        present model. For a first approximation, however, we specify global longitudinal growth of the HT through a morphogenesis (OV fusion) tensor in the form **M**~f~ = **e**~*R*~ **e**~*R*~ + **e**~Θ~ **e**~Θ~ + *M*~f~ **e**~*Z*~ **e**~*Z*~, where *M*~f~ is the OV fusion parameter (see Table [1](#T1){ref-type="table"}). This growth is taken as uniform throughout the myocardium and CJ in the HT. The value *M*~f~ = 1.5 was estimated from the observed change in length of the HT during c-looping. It is important to note that, since OV fusion adds material only at the caudal end of the HT, this process does not contribute to morphogenetic strains measured by tracking tissue labels. For comparison with experimental data, therefore, we exclude this uniform growth component from our strain calculations given by the


and three regions, respectively, and plotted as functions of stage (Figures [6](#F6){ref-type="fig"}, [7](#F7){ref-type="fig"}). Overall, the general trends given by the model agree reasonably well with the data, although the strain magnitudes are somewhat smaller in the model. The discrepancy is most apparent for *E*~*ZZ*~ in the caudal parts of the OVs, where endodermal contraction causes longitudinal shortening, but the counterbalancing effects of CJ growth may have been overestimated.

![**Time history of regional longitudinal strains in baseline model**. Longitudinal strains (*E*~*ZZ*~) relative to HH10- in seven regions are compared with experimental data from Ramasubramanian et al. ([@B32]). LHT/RHT/VHT, left/right/ventral sides of heart tube; LOV/ROV, cranial half of left/right omphalomesenteric veins; LAIP/RAIP, left/right sides of anterior intestinal portal.](fphys-05-00297-g0006){#F6}

![**Time history of regional circumferential strains in baseline model**. Average circumferential strains (*E*~ΘΘ~) relativecontributing factor.

Taken together, our baseline model produces looping morphology, as well as strain and stress distributions, that are qualitatively consistent with available experimental data.

4.2. Effects of inhibiting contraction and vein fusion
------------------------------------------------------

Studies have shown that c-looping is relatively normal when non-muscle myosin II-based contraction is inhibited after looping begins at HH10 (Rémond, [@B36]; Rémond et al., [@B37]). Before HH10, however, blocking contraction prevents fusion of the OVs, and the heart does not loop. Rather, the OVs appear to be buckled (Supplementary Figure [S1](#SM1){ref-type="supplementary-material"}), and cardia bifida can occur (Rémond, [@B36]; Rémond et al., [@B37]; Varner and Taber, [@B52]). These effects also occur when OV fusion is blocked by dissection of endoderm at the center of the AIP (DeHaan, [@B11]; Nadal-Ginard and García, [@B28]; Kidokoro et al., [@B20]).

When contraction is


contraction, shows that initial geometric left-right asymmetry in conjunction with constraints imposed on the HT also can contribute to this torsion. At HH10-, the right side of the HT is slightly longer than the left side (Kidokoro et al., [@B20]) (see also Figures [3B,B′](#F3){ref-type="fig"}), causing the HT to bend slightly toward the right as it elongates while constrained by the DM at each end. This causes the caudal end of the HT to shift slightly leftward, which is consistent with the physical model results of Bayraktar and Männer ([@B4]), and the continued caudal DM attachment to the foregut converts the bending into a rightward twist.

Finally, Kidokoro et al. ([@B20]) removed the HT and found that the OVs continued to fuse and regrow a portion of the HT, whichto climb him, he will not respond to me now at all.

Athens Sector: Looks like he is turning right.

Boston Sector: Yeah, I turned him 20 right.

Athens Sector: Oh, ok.

Boston Sector: And he’s only going to, I think, twenty nine.

Athens Sector: Ok.

Boston Sector: Well.

Athens Sector: That’s fine.

Boston Sector: But I’m not talking to him.

Athens Sector: He’s NORDO, roger.

Boston Sector: Thanks.

Boston Sector: Mike Lima descend at pilot’s discretion and maintain flight level two four zero.

Mike Lima: Two four zero, will begin now, Mike Lima.

Boston Sector: American 11, Boston.

Boston Sector: American 11, if you hear Boston Center, ident.

[Background] Boston Sector: (indistinct)

Boston Sector: American 11 if you hear Boston Center ident please, or acknowledge.

Boston Sector: American 11, if you hear Boston Center re-contact Boston Center on one two seven point eight two,


someone to scramble some F-16s or something up there to help us out.

Powell: Is, is this real world or exercise?

Cooper: No, this is not an exercise, not a test.

Powell: Ok. Hey, ah, hold on one second, ok?

Cooper: Yes.

Powell: Hey, hey, hey, hey, hey, hey, hey, seriously, (indistinct) big time (indistinct).

22. 083815 Powell Cooper Deskins

Powell: Sir, sir, sir.

Cooper: Yes sir.

Powell: Yeah, I‘ve got an MCC comin’ right now to talk to you so you can handle all that.

Cooper: Thank you.

Powell: Alright.

Deskins: Hi, this is Major Deskins.

Cooper: Hi, Joe Cooper, Boston Center we have a—

Deskins: Yeah, Joe.

Cooper: Hijacked aircraft headed towards the New York metro area. Wonderin’ if you could uh send some one up there, some F-16s or somethin’ to help us out, maybe out of—

Deskins: New York metro.

Cooper:decimal niner. Backup three six four decimal two. All parties acknowledge with initials. Command Post.

Command Post: Mike Kilo

Tower: (Indistinct).

Approach: Tango Julliet.

Giant Killer: (Indistinct).

Powell: All parties are cleared to drop, Juliet Papa here.

28. 084629 NEADS CC Summary for BC 25 Miles Z Point

Nasypany: Hi, sir.

Nasypany: Ok. What, what we’re doin’, we’re tryin’ to (indistinct) locate this guy. We can’t find him via IFF. What we’re goin’ to do, we gonna hit up every track within a twenty-five mile radius of the Z point that we put on the scope. Twenty nine thousand, heading one nine zero, we’re just gonna do, we’re gonna try to find this guy. They can’t find him, then he’s not in uh, there’s been supposedly there’s threats in the cockpit, so we’re just, ah, doin’


sir.

Indianapolis Center: Alright.

American Airlines: Who you tryin’ to get a hold of?

Indianapolis Center: American 77.

American Airlines: Ok.

Indianapolis Center: On frequency one two zero point two seven.

American Airlines: One two zero—

Indianapolis Center: Point two seven. We were talkin’ to him and all of a sudden it just ah—

American Airlines: Ok. Alright we’ll get a hold of him for ya.

Indianapolis Center: Alright.

59. 090248 AA77 ZID 2d contact AA Dispatch

American Airlines: American dispatch, Jim McDonald.

Indianapolis Center: Yes, this is Indianapolis Center. We, ah, don’t know if we talked to the same guy, about American 77.

American Airlines: Yeah, I (indistinct) called him, but I didn’t get a reply back from them.

Indianapolis Center: We, we, ah, lost track control of the guy. He’s in coast track, so we have, we don’t really knowair traffic, that it dropped off radar that it dropped over Indiana.

63. 091836 AA77 Summersall to ZID from ATCSCC ZID TMU

Indianapolis Center: Indy.

Herndon Center: Hey Indy, this is Bob, Command Center. Need you to find, tell me anything, or everything you can about American 77, where he is and if you have radar or not

Indianapolis Center: Well, ok, I’m listenin’ to my Ops Manager talk to Washington.

Herndon Center: I’m sorry.

Indianapolis Center: We were talkin’ to him in the vicinity of, ah, Henderson.

Herndon Center: Henderson? What’s Henderson?

Indianapolis Center: Hang on, hang on a second. Ok. We, ah, I guess we were talkin’ to him, in the vicinity of Henderson, HNN. We lost communications and radar with him. Hang on a minute, I’m goin’ to have the Ops Manager tell


five four six.

Sr. ID Tech: November three three four alpha alpha.

Nasypany: November three three four alpha alpha. If we can find him. We, we’re gettin’, we’re tryin’ to get, we’re tryin’ to get the modes, tryin’ to get the position on this guy. So, (indistinct) then we’ll run on him.

Nasypany: Yep. Ok. Bye.

[Background] Unknown: Ok.

70. 092427 NEADS BC Update Forget Tail Chase

Nasypany: Ok, right now what we’re running with out there is two by zero by two by guns for Langley, two gan— and two, ah, two tanks. Ok. Also, we have the Panta four five four six, zero by ten by two by guns, three tanks. Let me give you another head—

[Background] Unknown: Try and get into a tail chase with this American one one headed towardAmerican 77.

Washington Center: Ok, he was going to LA also.

Sr. ID Tech: He was goin’ to LA.

ID Tech: He was goin’ to LA.

Washington Center: Now, uh—

ID Tech: From where, sir?

Washington Center: Ah, I think he was from Boston, also.

Sr. ID Tech: Boston to LA.

Washington Center: Now let me tell you this story here. Ah, Indy, Indianapolis Center was workin’ this guy—

ID Tech: What guy?

Washington Center: American 77.

ID Tech: Ok.

Washington Center: At flight level three five zero, however—

[Background] Sr. ID Tech: (Indistinct).

Washington Center: They lost radar with him, they lost contact with him, they lost everything and they don’t have any idea where he is or what happened. So what we’ve done at the round—surrounding centers here is to tell everyone to look out for limited codes, primary targets


was six miles?

Scoggins: No, no information at all. You would be better talking with Washington.

ID Tech: I’m sorry, sir, is it a deviating aircraft or is it a DVFR?

Scoggins: Ok, that’s what you have?

ID Tech: No, no sir, on the one that was six miles southeast of the White House?

Scoggins: Yeah, southwest.

ID Tech: Southwest?

Scoggins: Yeah, southwest.

ID Tech: Ok, southwest of the White House. Was he a DVFR? Or you don’t have any codes on it, but was he an actual deviating aircraft?

Scoggins: We believe, he, I guess, yes, they believe now he was a deviating aircraft.

ID Tech: (Indistinct) believe that he is a deviating aircraft.

Scoggins: Yeah.

ID Tech: Ok, copy.

Scoggins: You’d get more out of Washington than you would from me.

ID Tech: Ok, copy.

Scoggins: Ok.

ID Tech: Copy.

Scoggins: I’m justÉmile Deville

Émile Deville (25 January 1824 – 8 January 1853) was a French physician, naturalist and  taxidermist.

Emile Deville, already an employee of  Muséum national d'histoire naturelle, joined the 1843 expedition of Francis de Laporte de Castelnau (1810-1880) to South America with the doctor and botanist Hugh Algernon Weddell (1819-1877). He returned with many bird specimens, especially parrots, including two new species, Bonaparte's parakeet and the dusky-headed parakeet, which he described in 1851. He also described, with Isidore Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, the white-tailed titi, and with de Castelnau, some crabs.

A number of species bear his name, such as the blaze-winged parakeet, Pyrrhura devillei and the striated antbird, Drymophila devillei.

The following are a few of the writings that are attributed to Deville:
 Description de quelques Mammifères et Oiseaux nouveaux


to spectral modeling. Source spectra were binned to a minimum of 20 cts/bin, then modeled using [*XSPEC*]{} [@1996ASPC..101...17A] and MEKAL models with foreground extinction held fixed at the Galactic hydrogen column at the cluster coordinates and a constant 0.3 Solar metal abundance.

The lower redshift limit of our cluster sample is limited by the size of one ACIS chip, allowing a $\sim$ 1 Mpc radius to fall on one chip. A 1 Mpc radius corresponds to $\sim$ 0.5 R$_{200}$. However, our simulated cluster temperatures were extracted from within R$_{200}$. Based on the similarity in the temperature profiles of many clusters for r$>$0.1 R$_{200}$, in both cool-core and non-cool cores , we expect the ICM temperature profile to be decreasing beyond 0.5 R$_{200}$. Thus, our temperature estimates extracted within a 1 Mpc{#subsec:radio_data}
-------------

Several of our low-$z$ clusters fields have been surveyed by the Faint Images of the Radio Sky at 20cm [FIRST; @1995ApJ...450..559B] and/or the NRAO VLA Sky Survey [NVSS; @1998AJ....115.1693C] to detect radio galaxies with $P_{1.4GHz}\geq3\times10^{23}$ Wm$^{-2}$. For our redshift range, the resolution of the FIRST maps may underestimate the total radio power of galaxies if any extended flux is close to the noise limit of the maps. Conversely, two radio sources with small angular separation may be catalogued as one object by FIRST. To mitigate these issues, we obtained additional 1.4 GHz VLA maps (Program ID AS873) and re-analyzed 1.4 GHz VLA archival observations obtained in its A-configuration.

In September/December 2006 we obtained VLA continuum observations at 1.4 GHz (50 MHz bandwidth) for four clusters (MS 0440.5$+$0204, Abell 2111, MS


radio galaxies with detectable X-ray emission, the X-ray luminosities (Table \[tab:radio\_galaxies\], column 12) were determined in the same manner as for the detected XPSs described in § \[subsubsec:xray\_data\_xps\]. The upper X-ray luminosity limits for the BCGs and radio galaxies with X-ray non-detections above our limits are estimates as 3$\sigma$ above the ICM emission at their locations. For Abell 1758, the ICM X-ray emission is both diffuse, allowing a good estimate for the upper limit on the X-ray luminosity of the BCG, and double-peaked, indicative of a merging system. In this case we have determined the projected distance of the radio galaxies to be from the nearest diffuse ICM emission center. Thus, A1758-R4 is identified with the BCG in the NW X-ray clump and A1758-R6 is 2/3 Mpc from the othermembership.

However, @2006ApJ...644..116M [@2007ApJ...664..761M] has obtained redshifts for cluster AGN candidates. They examined eight low-z clusters (0.05$<$z$<$0.31) with cluster ICM temperatures ranging from 4 to 16 keV (including MS1008 which overlaps with our sample) and with 3 fields surveyed out to a 1 Mpc projected radius. Although their X-ray luminosity limit is one order of magnitude lower and their magnitude completeness limit is one magnitude fainter than M$^{*}_{R}$, their R-band images show that most of their X-ray point sources are hosted by galaxies with colors (see @2007ApJ...664..761M, Fig. 3) consistent with (B-R)=1.57$\pm$0.2 of local ellipticals [@1995PASP..107..945F]. So while @2006ApJ...644..116M [@2007ApJ...664..761M] do find a few blue cluster AGN with Seyfert-like spectra (2 out of 6 X-ray sources with L$_X>10^{42}$ and located within 1 Mpc of the cluster cores), their numbers


correct, weaker radio galaxies are proportionally more important than previously believed in heating the ICM. If P$_{jet}$ $\propto$ L$_r^{0.5}$, sources weaker than 3 $\times$ 10$^{23}$ W Hz$^{-1}$ account for more than half ($\sim$ 55%) of the heating and so must be taken into account in the modeling. This spatially-distributed (and moving!) heat input does however solve the problem of heat distribution throughout the ICM.

From the perspective of AGN heating models, the radio galaxy data in Table \[tab:radio\_galaxies\] take on a new importance. Approximately half of these clusters have luminous radio sources in their BCGs (the radio galaxy MS1008-R3 is in a galaxy $\sim$ 1 mag fainter than the BCG despite being somewhat close to the ICM emission centroid) and one cluster (Abell 2111) has no luminous radio galaxies at all. Ifnumbers of low power radio galaxies are responsible for most of the ICM heating, suggests that a feedback mechanism by which the density of the ICM triggers the heat sources to offset cooling may be operable in rich clusters of galaxies. We might also expect that those clusters whose total radio luminosities are dominated by radio sources in the BCG might possess a different temperature profile or detailed temperature/density signatures than clusters dominated by non-BCG radio galaxies. The existence of these signatures and what these signatures might be will be addressed in a future publication [@hallman_future].

QNH acknowledges the support from the [*Chandra*]{} Theory/Archive Grant AR8-9013X. EJH acknowledges the support from NSF AAPF AST-0702923. QNH acknowledges useful conversations with Erica Ellingson on the details of the CNOC datasets and


the [*Chandra*]{} Multi-wavelength Project [ChaMP; @2004ApJS..150...43G] supported by NASA. Optical data for ChaMP are obtained in part through the National Optical Astronomy Observatory (NOAO), operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Inc. (AURA), under cooperative agreement with the National Science Foundation.

This research has made use of the NASA/IPAC Extragalactic Database (NED) which is operated by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, as well as NASA’s Astrophysics Data System.

[*Facilities:*]{} , , ,

[92]{} natexlab\#1[\#1]{}

, J. K., [et al.]{} 2008, , 175, 297

, S. W., [Dunn]{}, R. J. H., [Fabian]{}, A. C., [Taylor]{}, G. B., & [Reynolds]{}, C. S. 2006, , 372, 21

, K. A. 1996, in Astronomical Society of the Pacific Conference Series, Vol. 101, Astronomical Data Analysis Software and Systems V, ed. G. H. [Jacoby]{}M., [Murray]{}, S. S., [Jones]{}, C., [Forman]{}, W., & [Van Speybroeck]{}, L. 2005, , 628, 655

, N., & [Sandage]{}, A. 1977, , 216, 214

, R., [Stocke]{}, J. T., [Ellingson]{}, E., & [Yee]{}, H. K. C. 1997, , 480, 547

, N. Y., [Ohashi]{}, T., & [Furusho]{}, T. 2002, , 578, 833

, N., [et al.]{} 2001, , 122, 1104

, H. K. C. 1991, , 103, 396

, H. K. C., [Ellingson]{}, E., & [Carlberg]{}, R. G. 1996, , 102, 269

, H. K. C., [Ellingson]{}, E., [Morris]{}, S. L., [Abraham]{}, R. G., & [Carlberg]{}, R. G. 1998, , 116, 211

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[lccccccccccc]{} MS 0440.5+0204 & 0.197 & 4196 & S3 & 38.2 & 6.1$^{+0.6}_{-0.5}$ &  2.2 &  2.4 & AS873 & 0.4 & 0.4 & AI72, A-array\
Abell 963 & 0.206 & 903 & S3 & 35.8 & 7.1$^{+0.2}_{-0.2}$ &  1.7 &  2.1 & FIRST & 1.1 & 1.4 &\
RX J0952.8+5153


that when the wind velocity at the position of the neutron star is comparable to the orbital velocity, the wind is seriously beamed, and a disk-like structure is formed in the shocked region for a configuration of a heavy neutron star. Because Vela X-1 is an eclipsing system and the wind-captured disk is expected to form within the orbital plane, @Mel19 pointed out that the disk would intercept the line-of-sight and might significantly contribute to the observed absorption column density.

Discovered in the early years of X-ray astronomy [@Chod1967], Vela X-1 is one of the best studied SgXBs [for a recent review, see @Kret2019]. It has a pulse period of $283$s [@McC1976] and a magnetic field around $2.6\times10^{12}\,\rm G$ [e.g. @Kret1996]. The optical companion, HD77581, is a B0.5 Ibis inconsistent with the prediction of the subsonic accretion model. Furthermore, the hot shell of the subsonic accretion model is optically-thin, with a Thompson optical depth $\sim0.03$, corresponding to a column density of $4.5\times10^{22} \rm cm^{-2}$. Such a column density is too low to explain the low state.

Next we discuss whether a standard thin disk model can explain the measured spin-up rate of the spin-up event. As shown in numerical simulations [@Mel19], the thickness of formed disk depends on the cooling efficiency. So one should keep in mind that a thin disk model may not be applicable and the angular momentum transport might be more complex. Following @Bild1997, we assume that a thin disk deposits its angular momentum at the magnetosphere and all its angular momentum is transported


to the pulsar. The spin-up torque $N\approx\dot{M}\sqrt{GM_{\rm X}r_{\rm m}}$, where $M_{\rm X}$ is the pulsar mass and the magnetosphere radius $r_{\rm m}=\xi r_{\rm A}$, is a fraction of the Alfv[é]{}n radius. $\xi$ ranges from 0.5 to 1. The accretion rate $\dot{M} =L_{\rm X} R_{\rm X}/G M_{\rm X}$, where $L_{\rm X}$ is the accretion luminosity and $R_{\rm X}$ is the pulsar radius. The Alfv[é]{}n radius is: $$\label{eq:alfven}
    r_{\rm A} =\left(\frac{\mu^4}{2GM_{\rm X}\dot{M}^2}\right)^\frac{1}{7}$$ where $\mu\simeq0.5B\,R_{\rm X}^3$ is the magnetic moment of a dipole-like magnetic field of the neutron star, with $B$ the surface field strength. The neutron star will spin-up at a rate: $$\label{eq:nudot}
\begin{split}
    \dot{\nu}=\frac{N}{2\pi I} & \simeq2.2\times10^{-13}{\rm s}^{-2}\left(\frac{L_{\rm X}}{10^{36} \rm erg \, s^{-1}}\right)^\frac{6}{7}\\
    & \times\left(\frac{B}{10^{12}\rm G}\right)^\frac{2}{7}\left(\frac{10\rm km}{R_{\rm X}}\right)^\frac{2}{7}\left(\frac{1.4 \rm M_\odot}{M_{\rmX}}\right)^\frac{10}{7}\xi^\frac{1}{2},
\end{split}$$ where $I\simeq0.4M_{\rm X} R_{\rm X}^2$ is the pulsar’s moment of inertia. Because the spectrum of Seg.5 is dominated by scattered emission, one can not obtain the intrinsic spectrum to infer the luminosity of Seg.5. So we estimate the luminosity based on the fitted spectrum of Seg.4. We obtain a luminosity of $\sim7.6\times10^{36}$ ergs$^{-1}$, adopting a cutoff energy of 30keV and a fold energy of 10keV [@Krey1999]. It leads to a spin-up rate of $\dot{\nu}\approx 9.6 \times 10^{-13} \rm s^{-2}$ for $B=2.6\times10^{12}\rm G$, $R_{\rm
X}=10 \rm km$, $M_{\rm X}=1.8 \rm M_\odot$, and $\xi=0.7$. The uncertainty of the estimation mainly comes from $L_X$, $M_X$, and $\xi$. Assuming all these factors have an uncertianty around 30%, the estimated $\dot{\nu}$ should be accurate within a factor of 2. Therefore, the observed spin-up


and state-of-the-art computer animation, Chappie is a sight to behold — a rabbit-eared automaton who walks and talks with the awkward unevenness of a hyperactive seven-year-old riding the crest of a sugar high, who's also capable of inducing just as many "awws" as a two-month-old puppy.

But he's more than just a convincing special effect. Brought into being as a blank slate, Chappie is a product of his environment. He receives moral guidance from his maker, Deon, tips on how to be Jo'burg's "number one gangsta" from Ninja and Amerika, and unconditional love from his surrogate mother, Yolandi. Watching Chappie reconcile these different, oftentimes competing, influences and grow into his own person is to watch a performance as real as any other in the film. And isn't that, inLike many young people living in the outrageously expensive San Francisco Bay Area, Sarah Patterson found her first city dwelling on Craigslist. Instead of a tiny apartment, however, her new home was located in a marina.

Patterson has lived in a sailboat for about a year now. She tells Business Insider the money she saved by not renting an apartment enabled her to launch a startup — a direct-to-consumer, organic skincare company called Salinity — and still do things like any other 24-year-old.

Take a look inside Patterson's life at sea.


Passengers injured in balloon crash released from hospital; FAA investigating

Monday

Jul 21, 2014 at 12:28 PMJul 22, 2014 at 10:13 PM

By Jan Gottesman MANAGING EDITOR

CLINTON — Five people injured in a hot air balloon accident Saturday, around 8 p.m., have been treated and released from area hospitals with varying degrees of burns, ranging from minor to serious, according Officer Edward Jeffrey, who has been working with the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) over the weekend.

Jeffrey began following the balloon when the police station started getting calls about a balloon flying low.

"I made visual contact with the operator, who waved to signal he was fine" right before the crash, Jeffrey said Monday. After the crash into electrical lines, Jeffrey said the operator indicated, after missing a possible landing site at thedenied all material allegations and asserted a number of
defenses, including notice and the statute of limitations. WCJ hearings were held on
January 30, August 7, September 18, October 23, and November 6, 2013, February
24, May 14, July 30 and September 17, 2014.
               On May 12, 2015, the WCJ denied the Claim Petition, concluding that
the Section 301(e) of the WC Act (Act),1 77 P.S. § 413,2 presumption (Presumption)

      1
          Act of June 2, 1915, P.L. 736, as amended, 77 P.S. §§ 1-1041.4, 2501-2708.
      2
          Added by Act of


evidence that not all are working properly, and that - for a variety of reasons - they do not always get used.

Cleaning up the Ganges

One of the biggest Clean India projects was focused on the River Ganges, which is holy to millions of Hindus.

The Ganges has been blighted for years by pollution and overuse.

Reality Check discovered that although a lot more money has been made available, only a small proportion has so far been spent.

media caption Has Prime Minister Narendra Modi lived up to his promise of cleaning up the Ganges?pouring into the Bay of Bengal from the rivers that drain the flood-drenched region. Silt and sediment fill the Meghna River (far right), turning the river muddy brown. The Meghna, which reaches a maximum width of 12 km (7.5 mi), is the widest river among those that flow completely inside the boundaries of Bangladesh. Flooding is frequent in this region, both during the monsoon and from storms that strengthen in the Bay of Bengal.

Image Facts

Satellite: Aqua

Date Acquired: 11/21/2019

Resolutions: , ,

Bands Used: 1,4,3

Image Credit: MODIS Land Rapid Response Team, NASA GSFC


short sessions or in the case of longer rides and runs, to avoid carbohydrate consumption within the session. However it is essential that your heart rate does not exceed 75% of your max in order to ensure that you are tapping into your fat reserves. Additionally fasted sessions can place strain on the immune system, which means that very often there is a trade off or a balance to be struck between opting to go fasted or to go fuelled.

Psychology: Psychology cannot be understated and training by oneself can be very beneficial. 6-7 hour solo training rides may seem sole destroying at the time but they can very often be the difference between reaching your goal or not.

Sacrifice the swim: The percentage of time that you will spenda driveway or something like that. And then you’ve got your bicycle icon on the lane and it’s actually two lanes, one going east and the other one going west. So it’s really nice, pretty clear indicator."

She just has two questions for city planners: "When are they gonna finish this? And when are they gonna put more of it elsewhere, you know?"

The city's bicycle program manager, Will Washam, hears these types of questions a lot.

“'When’s it gonna be done?'” That’s the question we hear the most," Washam said at a recent public information meeting for the project at the ImaginOn.

The answer is late 2021. The project’s design is being finalized, and early next year companies will bid on its construction, which is expected to begin in September after


       "description": "Pet object that needs to be added to the store",
                    "content": {
                        "application/json": {
                            "schema": {
                                "$ref": "#/components/schemas/Pet"
     ]
                    }
                ],
                "operationId": "getInventory",
                "summary": "Returns pet inventories by status",
                "description": "Returns a map of status codes to quantities"
            }
        },


not found"
                    }
                },
                "operationId": "deleteOrder",
                "summary": "Delete purchase order by ID",
                "description": "For valid response try integer IDs with positive integer value. Negative or non-integer values will generate API errors"
            }
      preclude novel, out of the box approaches to problems but to enable you to understand what you are learning in your own terms, rather than simply memorising somebody else's terms.
The Socratic Method is ideal because, as I said, as an instructor you will appeal to your students to think about how to solve a problem and the only way they will arrive at the correct answer is to think like a philosopher, computer scientist or mathematician. The further advantage with the Socratic Method is that you will require your students to justify their answer, so even if they happen on the correct answer or a strong thesis, they have to understand why it is correct or strong in order to be right.
Thus when a student gives an


Basset, one of Katherine Howard’s ladies-in-waiting. He sent her a saddle as a gift in early 1542, something he’d done when pursuing Anne Boleyn many years before.

In the end, though, Anne Basset backed off. Henry had passed a new law which deemed that anyone who wanted to marry him, had to declare any pre-marital indiscretions so he could avoid another Katherine Howard. Anne Basset may have dabbled in a little affair a few years earlier, so effectively, couldn’t marry Henry. She went on to serve Henry’s daughter, Queen Mary I, where she met Walter Hungerford, who became her husband 1554. Unfortunately she died in 1557, perhaps in childbirth.

As there are no pictures of Anne Basset, here is a photo of Kim dressed up as the lady herself. Fabulous!

It         default:
                throw new \InvalidArgumentException('Year must be between 1800 and 2099 inclusive.');
        }

        $randomDigits = self::numberBetween(0, 89);
        if ($gender && $gender == static::GENDER_MALE) {
            if ($randomDigits === 0) {
                $randomDigits .= static::randomElement(array(3,5,7,9));
            } else {


a conjecture about further work. Our local limit theorem permits us to conclude that the coeffiecients of the $q$-multinomial are log-concave, provided one stays near the center (where the largest coefficients reside.)'
address:
- 'Computer Science Department, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602-7404, USA'
- 'Department of Mathematics, Uppsala University, PO Box 480, SE-751 06 Uppsala, Sweden'
- 'Mathematics Department, Rutgers University (New Brunswick), Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA'
author:
- 'E. Rodney CANFIELD'
- Svante Janson
- Doron ZEILBERGER
date: 'August 13, 2009'
title: The Mahonian Probability Distribution on Words is Asymptotically Normal
---

[^1]

Introduction {#S:intro}
============

The most important discrete probability distribution, by far, is the *Binomial distribution*, $B(n,p)$ for which we know everything *explicitly*, ${\operatorname{\mathbb P{}}}(X=i)$ (${\binom{n}{i}}p^i(1-p)^{n-i}$), the probability generating function ($(pt+(1-p))^n$), the moment generating function ($(pe^t+1-p)^n$), etc. etc. Most importantly, it is *asymptotically normal*, which means that the normalized randomshow that it converges to the moment $\mu_{2r}=(2r)!/(2^rr!)$ of ${\mathcal N}(0,1)$, for every $r$.

For the sake of exposition, we will only treat in detail the two-letter case, where we can find [*explicit*]{} expressions for the asymptotics of the $2r$-th moment of $M_{a_1,a_2}-\mu$, for $a_1=ta$, $a_2=tb$ with symbolic $a,b,t$ and $r$ to [*any*]{} desired (specific) order $s$ ([i.e.=1000]{} the leading coefficient $t^{3r}$ as well as the terms involving $t^{3r-1}, \dots , t^{3r-s}$). A modified argument works for the general case, but we can only find the leading term, [i.e.=1000]{} that $$\alpha_{2r}
{:=}{\operatorname{\mathbb E{}}}(X_{a_1,\dots,a_m})^{2r}
={{ (2r)!} \over {2^r r!}}+O(t^{-1}) \quad .$$ Of course the odd moments are all zero, since the distribution of ${M_{{{a_1,\dots,a_m}}}}$ is symmetric about $\mu$.

In the two-letter case, the mean of $M_{a,b}$ is simply $ab/2$, so the probability generating


Coronary artery disease is detectable by multi-slice computed tomography in most asymptomatic type 2 diabetic patients at high cardiovascular risk.
Non-invasive testing often does not identify coronary artery disease (CAD) in diabetic subjects. This study was designed in order to examine the prevalence of CAD in a cohort of asymptomatic type 2 diabetic patients at high cardiovascular risk and negative nuclear imaging, using multi-slice computed tomography (MSCT) angiography. In total, 770 type 2 diabetic patients were screened from January 2008 through July 2010. Of these, 132 Caucasians with diabetic nephropathy and asymptomatic for angina were eligible for a cross-sectional study. Patients underwent MSCT after ischaemia was excluded by myocardial Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography (SPECT) at rest and after dynamic exercise. When obstructive plaques were found (≥ 50% lumensubject of a death threat which was posted online.

She said a pupil posted a doctored picture of the teacher, headless, with the caption 'You are dead'.

She added: "In the short term, confronting this problem must be the closure of sites encouraging cyberbullying."

Catriona Tait, a newly qualified primary teacher from Dundee, said one in four pupils had experienced online and text bullying at some time.

She said: "Not only are the children and young adults in our care subjected to such torment, it would now appear that members of the profession are becoming victims of cyber-bullying.

'Important issues'

"Nobody should be subjected to such humiliation anywhere, let alone in their place of work."

A spokesman for the website YouTube said: "YouTube is a community site used by millions of people in very positive


median duration of illness was 12.5 ± 10.1 years.

Illness Onset

Most subjects (90%, n = 135) could remember a time before they were sick and 85% (n = 123) noted a specific time their illness began. When asked if they believed a specific factor precipitated their illness, 88% (n = 132) answered affirmatively or possibly.

Although we offered 14 different factors that could be associated with onset, 61% of subjects selected only one or two factors. We chose to group subjects who responded “yes” or “not sure” (vs. a clear “no”) together as illness onset has not been examined in detail and we wanted to include all possibilities. The top five factors selected were infectious illnesses (64%), stress/ major life events (39%, primarily work- or family-related), exposure to chemical/ environmentalone-third of subjects taking medication to cope with these categories of symptoms.

TABLE 7

Table 7. Most common medication categories and specific medicationsa used by our subjectsb.

The most prevalent specific medications matched those of the medication categories. Four of the top five medications addressed sleep (melatonin, zolpidem) or pain (ibuprofen, acetaminophen) while levothyroxine was prescribed presumably for hypothyroidism. Approximately a quarter of our subjects wrote in a medication other than those listed to treat their sleep and gut symptoms. However, no single written-in treatment was used by a significant number of subjects.

Discussion

This is the first publication to give a broad epidemiologic overview of a US-based, ME/CFS cohort within one paper. While our findings concerning onset, course, function, co-morbid conditions, and personal as well as family medical history are consistent with


for ME/CFS studies (77). As shown in Table 1, we believe that other precipitating factors should be explored. Nevertheless, materials which do not emphasize a post-infectious onset (78) or suggest that all precipitating events are equally common or relevant (79) make it more difficult for clinicians and researchers to discern ME/CFS from other medical conditions or situations.

For a third of subjects each, their preceding infectious event manifested as respiratory symptoms (e.g. sore throat, rhinorrhea, cough, etc.) or constitutional symptoms (e.g., fever, chills, muscle aches, etc.) while 35% claimed that a specific infection was documented (Table 2). This is comparable to Ramsey's early accounts (80) and Becker's (72) study where upper respiratory infections (URIs) were noticed to be the chief infectious event, followed by “flu-like illness[es],” and, trailing farare overly anxious or fearful about normal bodily sensations per se or minor discomfort related to deconditioning and thus limit their activities (82). Both treatments have been shown to not only be much less effective than initially alleged (83) but to actively cause harm to patients (84). Metabolic studies provide objective evidence that patients' bodies are unable to routinely meet energy demands (85).

Other mechanisms may be responsible for the recurring association between stressful/ major life events and ME/CFS. One theory is that stress decreases the immune system's ability to fight off and contain infections (86). Some ME/CFS patients are significantly helped by administration of antivirals (87, 88) while other studies suggest deficient control of infections (89, 90). Alternatively, peri-onset stressful events might act as the “straw that broke


of challenges. Consequently, it is believed if patients can decrease their fear and anxiety around activity and symptoms then their ME/CFS will be largely resolved. However, problems with any downstream component of the stress response system could also lead to poor adaptation and similar consequences. Autoantibodies to both adrenergic and cholinergic muscarinic receptors (97, 98), part of the signaling pathways in the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems, have been found in a subset of ME/CFS patients. They may account for some patients' bodies reacting inappropriately to stressors. Other individuals' symptoms might instead stem from other components, like the hypothalamus or adrenal glands. Different, dysfunctional components of the stress response system may potentially generate different clinical presentations while still preserving the hallmark feature of PEM.

The aforementioned concepts are notarticles.

Since this survey was constructed as a broad overview, we did not take a comprehensive history of possible exposures. Additionally, because the published literature in this area is sparse and composed of mostly case studies [e.g., (105, 106)], it is difficult to know what specific substances to concentrate on. Written-in responses from our subjects may provide leads but were too imprecise and disparate to draw any solid conclusions. Subjects' answers might also be influenced by, for example, recall bias, misattribution, other patients' accounts, and media outlets.

Nevertheless, given how often this topic has come up, it is an area deserving of more attention. One initial approach might be to formally survey clinicians about what external, non-infectious triggers they believe to be important. Patients could be asked if anyone around


manifested as “hypersensitivity to climatic change,” insufficient responses to stress, and “dysfunction of the autonomic nervous system” (80) are repeatedly mentioned. These symptoms could be especially selected for when recruiting subjects so that they may be investigated further.

Disease Course

Over time, while individual symptoms or the disease overall might fluctuate and even remit temporarily, almost all of our subjects continued to be sick and disabled. During the first 6 months of the illness (Table 4), the most common symptoms were fatigue-, exertion-, sleep-, pain-, cognition- and flu-related, with over 70% of subjects endorsing these symptoms. Similarly, Evans found that exhaustion (57%), cognition (43%), headaches, pain, and sleep were the top symptoms at onset (52). As months and years passed, most symptoms remained among the top 12 most common symptomsmost common; forgetfulness from 19th to 10th; and nose sensitivity from 15 to 12th. In contrast, Jason (19) found little change in prevalence when comparing Fukuda-associated symptoms assessed at two time points separated by a decade. Discrepancies in findings might be traced back to the cross-sectional vs. longitudinal design of studies, how subjects were selected, whether symptoms were inquired prospectively or retrospectively, varying follow-up times and the stage of subjects' illness when they were questioned. Ideally, research investigating evolution of symptoms should be prospective, longitudinal, and endure beyond a few years.

The reasons why symptoms fluctuated differed according to the individual symptom. Patients recounted that fatigue, post-exertional malaise, and unrefreshing sleep appear to be improved by treatment whereas flu-like symptoms abated spontaneously. This latter claim is supported by Lipkin


line with the 40–81% rate noted in other studies (7, 16, 21, 23, 24, 39, 41–43, 133). Commencement of ME/CFS decimated the pre-illness employment rate by at least 40% in Japan (43), Australia (41), and the United Kingdom (133). Moreover, surveys rarely asked those still employed if they were able to retain their prior hours, duties, position, salary, or even field: in the Japanese study, only 2% of respondents did not have to modify their occupation whereas both Tiersky (20) and Kingdon (133) found much reduced work hours. Functional levels echoed those of a 2013 survey of over 550 subjects (16): even during their best periods, most subjects could barely attend to school, work, or family responsibilities part-time (but not all three) and during their worst periods, overME/CFS studies (Table 6). The exceptions in this comparison are migraine headaches (37% in our study vs. 84%) (53) and chronic sinusitis (33 vs. 66%) (55). As there is meager data on these two conditions in ME/CFS however, these comparisons should not be taken as the final word. In contrast, except for sleep apnea and symptomatic infectious mononucleosis, all 12 of the most common conditions in our study surpassed their prevalence in the general United States population [Table 6, (58–70)]. The similar prevalence of mononucleosis in our subjects compared to the general population [37 vs. 30–50%, (62)] suggests that mere symptomatic infection does not elevate the risk of ME/CFS but rather the severity or aftermath of the infection may be the determining factor for whether ME/CFS manifests. Intriguingly,


customary doses of medications restricted what they could use. Effective management of symptoms can help patients greatly while progress is being made toward a disease-modifying treatment.

Strengths and Limitations

The major strength of this study lies in its use of a collaboratively-designed survey covering a broad range of topics relevant to clinicians, researchers, and patients. Consequently, except for a few items, the overall amount of missing data was small. Because data were collected from a single cohort, we were able to make connections between different areas (e.g., onset time and infectious onset) and confirm that, despite claims that ME/CFS is a heterogenous disease, separate aspects of epidemiological information collected from many cohorts based in different locations and at different times are in concordance with the data captured from one cohort.clinical care and improve future research. We also contribute new information about how ME/CFS symptoms change longitudinally and with events associated with the female reproductive system throughout a woman's life. Finally, we advance hypotheses centered around the human stress response system, autonomic nervous system, and autoimmune mechanisms to explain the similar yet heterogenous elements of ME/CFS.

In the future, we hope to investigate the relationship between clinical characteristics identified in this study and biomarkers, how epidemiological features may vary contingent on different case definitions, and the influence of human leukocyte antigens on ME/CFS initiation and perpetuation. We also hope that other researchers will verify the findings in this paper and probe further into the areas and issues we have identified.

Data Availability Statement

The datasets for this manuscript are not publicly


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