study of history is a symptom of our estrangement from the past, as science is a symptom of our estrangement from nature.

History has come of age in an epoch which is cut off from the past. So even if it could teach us any lessons they would of next to no use to us.

History's tide turns so fast, that those who take it at the flood are soon left stranded.

Now that history is more than mere legend, it no longer has anything to teach us. And when it has come to form a science, we won't learn a thing from it. A nation that lives by immutable custom has no history, only mythology. And a state that can recall its past has lost it a long time back.monsters who plan to perpetrate a future holocaust could cull as many hints from the past as those who aim to prevent one. Men and women of goodwill go to the school of history to find out how to stand up to tyrants. But the tyrants graduated from that college long ago. While sane and well-meaning citizens are labouring to learn from history, the mad and malignant are already hard at work making it. As A. J. P. Taylor wrote of Napoleon, 'Like most of those who study history, he learnt from the mistakes of the past how to make new ones.'

Those who claim to recall the past are mad to kill each other to impose their own side's version of it.

58 The fables of history

We try to


swell to a colossal continental empire. It fulfilled its manifest destiny by betraying its founding principles. How was the frontier of pioneering self-reliance swallowed up so soon by the sale yard of huckstering self-promotion? The statue of liberty is its fit symbol, gigantic, brassy and hollow, a miracle of engineering and a monstrosity of taste.

THE END

Contents

Imperial species

Nature's end

Greed

Happiness

Justice

Freedom

Equality

Enlightenment

Technology

Progress

IMPERIAL SPECIES

**1 The end of all flesh**

The end of all flesh is come before us. But we are too caught up in our greed to see what's in front of our face. Look on the dead earth. This is our work, this is what our hands have made, and we find it all very good. But a dark time is on the way. We can see it close at hand. Butto desecrate all that dares to cross it.

Having sent the gods to their dim graves, we will soon flex our godlike might by abolishing all the rest of life. So we are doomed to die alone in omnipotent desolation.

TECHNOLOGY

**43 Marauding technology**

Our technological precocity has spread our sway over the earth. But we grudgingly hug justice to our breasts, and refuse to extend it to the rest of creation, since it is too weak to wrest it from us. Our humane amelioration will merely screw up our mechanical preponderance to a more lethal pitch.

Our cooperation and resourcefulness are provisioning our brutishness and unwisdom with the tackle which they will use to crush us.

Technology brings us permanent global problems by devising temporary local solutions. Progress is a piecemeal reclamation which


are not saved.'

49 Progressing to perdition

Progress is the defeat of life by the machine, of insightfulness by inventiveness, of grace by utility, of ends by means, of civilization by technique, of wisdom by power, of love by lust for gain. 'The more the human race advances,' as Flaubert said, 'the more it is debased.'

As we perfect the means, we lose sight of the goal or degrade it.

In this world of endless improvement the sole thing that doesn't get any better is progress. Its costs continue stubbornly to mount up, while its benefits are subject to the law of diminishing returns.

Progress finds out more and more ingenious routes to send us off course.

We are ingenious enough to cure all of our ills, save those brought on us by ourown ingenuity.

Our inventiveness has put into our hands all the power that our doltishness needs to wipe us out.

Progress has unchained our marauding breed from the natural checks which have stopped any single one from killing all the rest.

There can be no doubt that we are progressing. How else could we account for the vastation that we have made?

In order to wreck the world, all we need do is persist in the projects by which we hope to perfect it.

The wave of progress which has raised us so high and carried us so fast will soon dump us and break our necks.

50 Our lethal addiction

Progress has infected us like a virulent pestilence. We would rather die from it than be healed. It will spare us its worst horrors


reflect?

Most discoverers don't start right, because they start too soon. They begin to build their house of thought before they've laid the groundwork. Commencing in air, they never reach the light. They would have done well to heed Lec's admonishment to 'Think before you think.'

We are so impatient that we never have time to start on our true work.

Truth, if we ever do see it, is a smudge which we glimpse in our peripheral vision as we zoom on to grab what we don't really want.

15 'The idiot questioner'

When critics ask how a bold mind works, why do they all come up with the same stale reply, that it doesn't nose out fresh answers but asks fresh questions? Questions are what you make of your patrimony. Answers aretruth that lies adjacent to us.

The best method would work like a mechanism to turn out answers which modify the mechanism so that it can ask further questions.

The seeker's task is to fill a capacious why with an adequate because.

Glib people reword deep questions to chime with their own glibness, and then plume themselves on answering them with such easiness.

16 Superficiality

We bob up and down like corks on the surface of life. I skim along where the world has strewn the tinseled refuse which I want to scoop up. We feel borne up by its unfathomable depth. But it's our own lightness that keeps us afloat.

The deepest truth about us is our shallowness.

Some of us are emptier than we appear on the outside. Even our innermost qualities don't


alexandrian age is resourceful yet sapless, frenetic yet spiritless, puerile yet senile, squeamish but selfish, lacking in wisdom but technically adept.

You can gauge the vigorousness of a culture from the dilapidation of its colleges. If they are sound and crowded, it will be sclerotic and emaciated. You can be sure that it has lost its sap and juice, if its schools and universities are rich and flourishing. Alexandria is the antipodes of the imagination.

A university is no more fit to foster fresh ideas than a factory is to make art. Academics are the bureaucrats of the intellect. They collate and curate and sort and marshal facts, but lack the audacity to imagine large new truths.

The poet gives place to the critic as the prophet gives way to thefew lines of a great work, we would learn far more than from all our hasty devouring of their copious volumes.

To write is a work of compression, to read is a work of expansion. Both require immense assiduity.

The writer must be concise, to coax the reader to go slow. The most compact writing takes the longest time to read, since it would force us to pause and think. The composition that takes up the least space takes up the most time both in writing and in reading.

CYNICISM

Contents

Cynicism

Malice

Suspicion

Scepticism

CYNICISM

**1 Cynicism**

Most cynicism cuts no deeper than the shabby pretences that it mocks, though the world is so shallow that it cuts right through it.

Those who won't take the real cure are prone to be imposed on by quacks.

Most of us know


its own guts, and then waits in the patient dark for thoughts to tangle themselves in it.

3 The cynical world and its hatred of cynicism

The cynical world is scandalized by an unblinking statement of cynicism. Having steeped cynics in its own cynicism, it cries out when they preach it. It wants them to act after its own example, but not to expose its ploys. But they betray it by divulging its double-crosses and desertions, and it chastises them like a slighted deity when they do so. The world will make a fool of your cynicism either by outdoing it or by allowing it to undo you.

You must be very shrewd to see through to the true value of things. But you must be very naive if you dreamscepticism is an amalgam of ignorance and presumption. Some people boast that they are sceptics, because they judge the truth of every idea that they meet by the test of how closely it aligns with the listless opinions that they already hold. 'With most of us,' Lichtenberg says, 'disbelief in a thing is based on blind belief in some other thing.' Few of us know enough to have the right to be sceptics. But we still take pride in challenging notions which we lack the acuity to grasp.

A doubting philosopher such as Descartes fasts like a glutton before a feast of credulity. 'If a man will be content to begin with doubts,' claimed Bacon, 'he shall end in certainties.' But how could he be so sure? How do


task of the thinker is to conceive thoughts that are true, important and original. Anyone can say something new about what's trivial, or important things that are trite. Scholars do the first, and moralists the second.

Concepts are like musical instruments, which many of us have learnt to play, but few know how to compose with.

Thinkers have to toil so untiringly to reach a fresh idea, that you can't blame them if they fail to account for all the obvious ones that might invalidate it. Next to conceiving a new thought, the most difficult thing is to critically review our old ones. 'Can it be,' asked Keats, 'that the greatest philosopher ever arrived at his goal without putting aside numerous objections?' The average professor could refute Descartes's cogito ineccentric. Mad people, like the dull, are freakish yet derivative. A mind working at highest pitch is unconventional yet archetypal.

THE WORK IS ALL

**21 Lives of the artists**

We love geniuses where they are most like us, in their lives, where they are least like geniuses. Some of us can love art only by loving its fashioners, as the superstitious do homage to the trinity only in its saints.

Artists focus their force so narrowly in their works, what do they have to spare for life but their average drabness? 'Great geniuses,' as Emerson notes, 'have the shortest biographies.' A true artist leaves no memoirs. All that we need to know of artists' lives is housed in their work. And if they are real artists, that will be nothing at all.


real thing. They seem to have a buried life that they know they don't lead. And what is second-hand sounds more plaintive. It echoes all the pasts that it once had and has now lost.

17 Revelation and repetition

We are struck by revelations, not when a notion first butts on our mind, but when we finally accede to one that has long been rattling round in our heads. A revelation is not the beginning of enlightenment but the culmination of an obsession. It is not an event but a process. It's not the first flash of an unforeseen illumination. It is the last parting of the darkness as the sun peeps over the horizon.

A thought is like a tune, which has no chance of captivating you till you haveby the same name, we count it a bargain. And most of us are content to roost in this cheap and undemanding double world. We prefer anecdotes to evidence, incidentals to the core, presuppositions to principles, entertainment to enlightenment, news to permanent truths, borrowed opinions to our own cogitations.

Our substitutes are so cheap and shallow, because the things for which they are substituting are cheap and shallow too.

2 The priceless and the costly

I shun real and solid goods, but my greed drives me on to trawl for thin and inessential ones. I cling ferociously to the trash that I don't prize, yet I coldly let go of the precious things that I do prize.

We waste no end of time doing what we would not do if we had


to pay for it. And we pay large sums of money to lay hands on what we'd not care for if it came free. It would bore us to spend much time contemplating a piece of scenery which we would be glad to spend half our life labouring to buy.

Most people won't pay a thing much attention if it fails to play up to the flattering image they hold of themselves.

How much of our life we waste to get such worthless junk, and how little of it we give to tend such priceless treasures.

As we grow wealthier, we complicate our appetites and coarsen our minds. We crave more and more costly refinements of plain necessities. But we still make shift with the old crude substitutes for the mostto cringe in a derelict hovel packed with shopworn pilfered fittings. We furnish our homes with luxuries, and fill our minds with scraps. So we demand the best of all the things that are not worth possessing, delicacies, finery, furnishings, gewgaws, gimmicks, frippery and blinking devices, all the toys of our gimcrack affluence.

We want the best of the cheapest things and the cheapest form of the best things. We strive to excel in the lowest tasks. What we covet is cheap trash expensively done.

4 Our substitute selves

I don't doubt that the goal that lies just out of my reach is my better self. But this is what has stolen the place of the better self which I could become right now, if only I could quit struggling to


intentiveness. When asked to draw what's in front of their eyes, children reproduce a facsimile of its stock icon.

Of the billions of pairs of human eyes on earth, how few see things in a new way.

It takes a great gift of imagination to see what is in front of your face. Of all the people and places that we've seen, how few have we really seen.

We are able to see only what we have been trained to look at. And for most of us that's not much.

10 Second-hand sentiments

Our thoughts sound so plausible to us because they echo the sentiments that we are always hearing from others. We don't reason. We merely respond. And we don't respond to things as they are, but to the responses that othersone of the unnatural's unnumbered variants.

We don't touch nature save through the prophylactic of custom. And we don't discern custom, as we have grown so used to taking it for nature. Many of the desires, behaviours and institutions that seem most natural are in fact the most stubbornly conventional. It takes a long course of nurture and formation to turn people into what they think they are by nature.

The most frivolous customs may cling for the longest time. A catholic may sooner quit believing in the trinity than eating fish on Friday. In this shallow world it's the most superficial things that go deepest and last longest.

Indigenes are more admirable than us, not because they live in closer touch with nature, but because they cleave more loyally to


verify by their untutored experience a narrow scatter of trite notions to be read in books. All the good maxims exist by now, as Pascal said, but how monotonously we keep on reconfirming their direst lessons.

Life scatters from your thoughts most of its teachings as soon as it has passed them on to you. So there are some things that you have to go through again and again, to fix in your mind what going through them made you forget.

Those who know only what they have lived through will live through only what they already know. Yet we take it that living will prove the commonplace that life confutes all commonplaces.

28 Experience teaches us only how to cope with experience

Few people want to learn more from their breadthbut because of what others have seen in it.' Most of the beauty that we see comes to us through the eyes of other beholders.

A foreign country is a cliché waiting for our experience to give it shape. We know other times and lands through the stale images that we hold of them, which are conveniently contradictory. So France is the emblem of both prose and passion, of clearness and mist, of classical restraint and romantic decadence.

You broaden your mind by ranging widely through the cooped or unbounded expanse within your own head. But most of us just shuttle from one stock view to the next. 'It's not only better,' says Pessoa, 'but truer to dream of Bordeaux than to go there.' By longing to travel to a


bad poetry,' Wilde wrote, 'springs from genuine feeling.'

By long cultivation we may learn to see the worth of what is real and excellent. But by some natural affinity we still choose what is saccharine, synthetic, phony, garish, slick and impermanent.

Kitsch is the froth and effervescence of humanity drunk on its own power.

17 We love kitsch and are indifferent to art

Art is a luxury, kitsch is a necessity. Kitsch is irresistible and indispensable. Art is unwanted and superfluous. Kitsch gives us what we think we want. Art gives us what it thinks we need.

Art is indifferent to us, and we are indifferent to it. But we are so pleased with kitsch, because it makes us so pleased with ourselves.

The inmost stirrings of the heart speak in the honeyed kitschas cant.

Men and women are not more commonplace on supreme occasions, as Butler claimed. The supreme occasion just shows up how commonplace they were the whole time, as Eichmann made clear at his execution.

People mention the brand names of the things they own with the same cosy sense of accomplishment that they yap about their friends. Are their possessions like friends, or are their friends like possessions?

35 Political clichés

Men and women will always think and speak in stale phrases. And so each kind of regime has to manufacture the artificial ambience of accepted claptrap which will sustain it. In a dictatorial state the public talk in the cant of dictatorship. And in a democracy they talk in the cant of democracy. A depraved state is maintained by its


needs to be,' though most of us act honourably where we have no choice. We are as good as we have to be, and as bad as we can get away with. We have the means to do more good than we wish to. And we wish to do more mischief than we dare to. We are willing to be as vile as we need to be. But most of the time we need to be less vile than we are willing to be. So expedience reduces us to a reluctant rectitude. We are too timid to dare all the wrong that we would like to do. And we don't want to do all the pedestrian good that our own advantage might prod us to do.

Our better qualitiescan craft a rarity by becoming corrupt, won't it be worth the cost? In the kingdom of the imagination salvation is through sin, and the pure in heart have no place. We should do as Blake urged, and put off holiness to put on intellect.

Nothing great is good, and nothing good is great.

It's hard to know which is Adam's more precious and fruitful legacy to us, sin or death.

Shame and pride, sin and death, lust and rebellion. All these good things we owe to our fall.

A society needs the virtues to keep it in order, but it thrives by its vices.

Artists use their pulsing desires as decoys to fix their attentiveness. By making art they don't sublimate their sexual energy but keep it on the boil, so that


you do in your real locality on earth?

Life hurtles with a flaring urgency. Art stands still in cool significance. An artist keeps at bay the world's importunate futility by fashioning works of superfluous lustre.

Art is like neither life, in which everything is real but not one thing is significant, nor religion, in which nothing is real yet all is made to seem significant. Artists make our lives mean by making meaningful lives which are not ours. It's only by creating fictions that we make life mean anything at all.

The world trades on the accepted coin of illusion. We recognize truth solely in the game of fiction or in the rarefied realm of philosophy. It is only in art, where nothing is at stake, that you can afford toflatter us

Life, like Narcissus, gazes into the pool of art in order to admire its own face. Literature is a great glass which shows us more substantial than we are.

What we want from art is flattery and make-believe that we can take for truth. We expect it to tell us that we are ample and anguished, that we are afflicted because we are grand and grand by the grace with which we endure our afflictions.

Kitsch plays for us the anthems of our self-admiration.

We want stories to take us to a threatening place and make us feel safe there, just as we want to go abroad and feel familiarly at home.

LIFE FOR ART'S SAKE

**45 Nothing matters but style**

For true artists there's nothing serious in mortality but style. 'To those


a means to put off dying, and some use it as a means to put off living. 'Literature,' Pessoa wrote, 'is the most agreeable way of ignoring life.'

Art is a way of grasping and embracing life, while still holding it at bay.

49 Artists love the world for the sake of their art

Artists care for the world as it gives them the scope to show off their art. And if they wish to save the world it's only to have beholders for their own works. And they don't doubt that their own compositions are the one thing that could save it. When they seem to be exalting life, it is their own poetic might and mastery that they are exalting, which brims over and blesses the unhearing world withWe esteem what others want to get, and then we try to get that.

I feel infinitely more diminished by the insignificant margin by which some close-by insignificant person might surpass me than I do by the infinite disparity between my own dim nothingness and the immensity of space spangled with all its suns. We measure our size and worth not by the scale of vast nebulae and constellations, but by the small huddle of people round us who will die so soon.

3 The ego is the measure of meaning

Our horizons of time and space are fixed by our egoism and not by our awareness. We may think like philosophers whose souls float serenely above the fray. But we must feel and act like men and women, embroiled in


torturing. A race commits genocide not as an outburst of unprompted barbarity, but to impose sense on the world by affirming its own kind.

We don't make our own meaning. We let others make it for us.

Most of us are sure that whatever lends meaning to our own life must be what lends meaning to the whole world. By some professional vanity we take it that everyone else aspires to the very thing that our own vocation vows to provide. So the philosopher feels sure that all the rest of us long for wisdom, and the priest that we thirst for faith, and the poet that we would starve from lack of poetry sooner than from lack of meat and drink. But we all grow more and more obeseto stint our rude will or to strain it to serve some end greater than our crude wants. I lack the self-command to curb my lust for gain, and so I have to ply a sneaking prudence to try to feed it. I have to set my slyness to work to make up for my dearth of unsparing wisdom. The ogre Greed bears the lame dwarf Reason on its shoulders, to guide it how to gorge its blind imperious cravings.

Most of us have neither the calm thoughtfulness to rein in our avidity for vile things nor the high imagination to aspire to great ones.

Wisdom has saved no one, but our inventiveness will soon rig us out with the equipment to do away with ourselves.

I don't want more wisdom,


much delicate loveliness. It will keep accruing till it has lost it all.

14 The shame of resilience

Our resilience is a reproach to us. We spring back from each of our shocks, because we are so attached to our own gains and so unconcerned with the woes of others. We jauntily live down the loss of each principle or person that made life precious. Like Henry James's Lord Warburton, we don't die of it, but we do worse, we live to no purpose. Why wait to droop? Jump instead. 'When your work is done,' Lao Tzu advised, 'then withdraw.'

Our resilience is a measure of the strength of our worldly desires and of the shallowness of our affections.

Our hearts are lightly rent and lightly mended. They are lowlands deluged byof my hopes, won't I live on through my last death?

We all die alone. But some of us are kept company to the last by our bright complacency and by that deathless self of ours which we trust will continue to inhabit and delight the admiring world.

Even if we think that being dead is nothing, we still assume that something of us must persist to experience the nothing. If death is a sleep, there must be a sleeper.

29 Immortality by repute

You live on in the grave as you do above it, only in the minds of others. 'A shade,' says Hardy, 'but in its mindful ones has immortality.' You exist in life a wisp more substantially than you do in the tomb. You are just harder to ignore.

For


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property in Colebrook at about 6:00am on Sunday.

It is understood they were acquaintances of the man's son, who they believed was staying with him.

It is alleged the men fired two shots at the house and then tried to batter down the front door of the residence.

The 50-year-old and his alleged co-offenders, aged 42 and 48, have been charged with aggravated burglary and recklessly discharging a firearm.

Police found them driving a red Magna a short distance away from the crime scene.

A fourth man — a 38-year-old — escaped on foot.

Police allege the homeowner fired a gun at the men.

The 50-year-old's injury is to the back of his thigh and he may have been running away at the time.

The three men are all expected to face court later today, whilethat the challenged temporary injunction provision constitutes a prior restraint on speech that is unconstitutional under article one, section eight of the Texas Constitution and under the First *127 Amendment of the United States Constitution. See TEX. CONST. art. I § 8; U.S. CONST amend. I. Because we hold that the challenged provision is unconstitutional, we will modify the trial court's temporary injunction to delete it; as modified, we will affirm the temporary injunction.

II. FACTUAL AND PROCEDURAL BACKGROUND
Texas Mutual is an insurance company that issues workers' compensation insurance policies to employers. Surety Bank provides financing for insurance policies, including workers' compensation insurance.
As a result of a dispute concerning whether Texas Mutual was required to refund unearned premiums Surety Bank had paid to Texas Mutual on behalf of a


1996, no writ) (holding temporary injunction unconstitutional prior restraint on free expression); Pirmantgen v. Feminelli, 745 S.W.2d 576, 578-79 (Tex.App.-Corpus Christi 1988, no writ) (holding temporary injunction violated Texas Constitution); Strang v. Biggers, 252 S.W. 826, 827 (Tex.Civ.App.-Dallas 1923, no writ) (affirming dissolution of temporary injunction that violated appellee's freedom of speech); see also Stansbury v. Beckstrom, 491 S.W.2d 947, 947-50 (Tex.Civ.App.-Eastland 1973, no writ) (dissolving temporary injunction infringing on appellant's freedom of speech).
Simply put, it is generally unconstitutional for courts to require one to acquire permission to speak before speaking:
It has never been the theory of free institutions that the citizen could say only what courts or legislatures might license him to say, or that his sentiments on any subject or concerning any person should be supervisedsupport the broad injunction entered in this case, especially when other provisions of the injunction have effectively ensured maintenance of the status quo.
We hold that provision two in the trial court's July 15, 2004 order on Texas Mutual's motion to modify the temporary injunction is unconstitutional under article one, section eight of the Texas Constitution as a prior restraint on speech. See Alexander, 509 U.S. at 550, 113 S.Ct. at 2771; Tucker, 220 S.W. at 76; Markel, 938 S.W.2d at 79-81. We sustain Texas Mutual's sole issue on appeal.[4]

IV. CONCLUSION
Having sustained Texas Mutual's sole issue on appeal, we modify the trial court's July 15, 2004 modified temporary injunction by deleting the following language,
(2) Communicating or implying to any insurance agent or broker or any business known to be


Q:

A very basic question about the way GUI integrated with the Logic classes

assume i have a huge input form, which of course representing classes. i need this input to be loaded into the class's instances. this input obviously contains (some very complicated validation) checks, obviously the logic layer contains those input validation already. the question is what am i doing with gui.
should i just, in a very ugly way, just rewrite all those validations in the GUI?
or should i write some statics methods in the logic layer, in use those methods in the gui and in the logic layer, but still creating a duplication of the validating it self (first the gui validate itself, then the logic validate what sent to it)
or should i just assume the guiTheater Warns Harry Potter Fans

Muggles anxious to see a preview of Harry Potter and the Sorcerer's Stone should not resort to trickery, warns a theater chain that is showing the trailer this weekend.

General Cinemas said it will not refund money for moviegoers who buy tickets simply to see the trailer (which is less than two minutes long) and then return to the box office to demand a refund. This crude phenomenon is apparently common enough for the franchise to issue nonrefundable tickets to all movies with the much-anticipated Harry Potter trailer attached to them, The Associated Press noted.

"We've posted signs that if [Potter fans] are to see the trailer, they can't come out and ask for a refund afterward," General Cinemas spokesman Brian Callaghan noted. "If they're big


fans and come out to catch a glimpse of Harry Potter, they can't do it for free."

No matter how stupid it sounds — why not be sensible and pick a movie you'd like to see that just happens to be showing the Potter preview? — Callaghan said fans have already been pulling the refund trick, and that eventually it could hurt the chain's revenue.

Harry Potter and the Sorcerer's Stone, based on the best-selling J.K. Rowling book, is scheduled to hit theaters Nov. 16. The film stars 11-year-old newcomer Daniel Radcliffe as boy wizard Harry, along with Alan Rickman, John Cleese, Robbie Coltrane, Maggie Smith, and Zoe Wanamaker.DUBAI (Reuters) - An Iranian official said on Saturday 11 people were killed in an attack on a military parade in southwestern Iran, the semi-official ISNA news agency reported.

Ali Hosein Hoseinzadeh, deputy governor in Khuzestan province, was also quoted as saying the death toll was expected to rise and that more than 30 were injured in the same attack.


Being an Asian Indian

Being an Asian Indian (non-native English speaker), I initially found it really amusing as for how the British and American English vary so much, how the same words and phrases in both the dialects have different meanings. We (Indians) use Indian English that is a lot different from what British or American English is and the same goes for Philippine, Canadian, Austrailian English and so on. I recently started contributing to a very popular open source software, Zulip that has gained a lot of momentum since September 2015 soon after it was declared as open source. While collaborating on a global platform, where people from all over the world work together on a single project over platforms like GitHub and Zulip chat, I understood whatproblem by recompiling my solution again. But when the problem is getting really bad, the project just won't compile successfully no matter how often I try and I have to restart the IDE.
I used microsoft's handle.exe to ascertain which process is locking the DLL and it is devenv.exe. I also tried deleting the DLL by hand and it really can't be deleted until I restart the IDE.
Last but not least, I tried adding <GenerateResourceNeverLockTypeAssemblies>true</GenerateResourceNeverLockTypeAssemblies> to my project as suggested in another forum, but this did not help.
Please help! This problem is really starting to drive me nuts.
Edit: I might also add that I made sure my unit tests are finished when this problem occurrs. Still, the dll remains locked. I am running my tests


cleat 13 is positioned intermediate two adjacent mounting lugs 14 protruding from the opposite side of the cleat. Similarly, each of the mounting lugs 14 protruding from each of the side frame members 12a and 12b is positioned intermediate two adjacent mounting lugs 14 protruding from the opposed cleat. Formed between each pair of opposed cleats 13 and between each of the side frame members 12a and 12b and the opposed cleats are spaces for accommodating a multiplicity of IC carriers 16 in juxtaposition. More specifically, each IC carrier 16 is accommodated in one of an array of rectangular carrier compartments 15 defined in each of said spaces, each compartment 15 including two staggered, obliquely opposed mounting lugs 14 located at the diagonally opposed corners of the compartment.IC socket to establish electrical connection between the IC element and the socket. To this end, a pusher 30 for pushing and holding an IC element down is mounted above the tester head 104 and is configured to push the IC element accommodated in an IC carrier 16 from above into contact with the tester head 104.
The number of IC elements which may be connected with the tester head 104 at a time depends on the number of IC sockets mounted on the tester head 104. By way of example, where sixty-four IC elements are arranged in an array of 4 linesxc3x9716rows on a test tray TST as shown in FIG. 9, 4xc3x974, that is, 16 IC sockets are arranged and mounted on the tester head 104 such


some among the tested ICs which should be classified into a category other than categories assigned to the general-purpose trays KST arranged in the unloader section 400, the procedures taken are to return one of the general-purpose trays KST from the unloader section 400 to the IC storage section 200 and in replacement to transfer a general-purpose tray KST for storing the ICs belonging to the new additional category from the IC storage section 200 to the unloader section 400 where those ICs are stored in the new tray.
Referring to FIG. 5, a tray transfer means 205 is disposed above the IC storage rack 201 and the tested IC storage racks 202 for movement over the entire extent of the storage racks 201 and 202 in the directiontransfer means 205 is then horizontally moved to and stopped at a predetermined position in the loader section 300 where the grasp means of the tray transfer means 205 is released to allow the general-purpose tray KST to drop into an immediately underlying tray receiver (not shown). The tray transfer means 205 from which the general-purpose tray KST has been unloaded is moved out of the loader section 300. Then, the elevator 204 is moved upward from below the tray receiver having the general-purpose tray KST deposited thereon to lift up the tray receiver and hence the general-purpose tray KST loaded with ICs to be tested so that the general-purpose tray KST is kept exposed up through a window 106 formed in the base plate 105.
The base plate


and she lov'd a sailor bold"
No. 16. Barbara – "My love must be a soldier with a great large heart"
No. 17. Drummer Boys' Chorus – "You may tell by our manners airy, we belong to the military!"
No. 18. Recit. & Song of the Regiment: Kitty and Chorus – "Thanks, comrades, thanks for this your greeting"
No. 19. Rodney – "How calm and still the night!  How soft and dim the light!"
No. 20. Kitty & Rodney – "My Kitty, dear, how came you here?  So far away from home"
No. 21. Finale Act II – "Hasn't she a soft white hand!"
Entr'acte

Act III   –   The Garden and Terrace of Avon Manor
No. 22. Chorus – "A Jubilee! A Jubilee! APBG By SamManSam Watch

4 Favourites 2 Comments 288 Views

It's Austin Hargrave, a.k.a. PeanutButterGamer! I think I'm getting better at hair. I've definitely concluded it's easier to do longer, darker hair. This one took no where near as long as Arin and Danny. Maybe that's a sign I'm getting better at this! I think next I'll do either ProJared or SpaceHamster, but that won't be for a few weeks at least, I am a student with essays to write, after all.

IMAGE DETAILS Image size 736x736px 1.57 MB Show More

Published : Nov 25, 2015


as a member of the regional district would have equaled $67,932 per pupil.
The trial court issued an oral opinion which rejected plaintiffs' challenges to the method of allocating the cost of regional school districts and entered judgment in favor of defendants. The court concluded that the method of funding regional school districts does not violate the tax clause because a regional school district is not a "taxing district" within the intent of that provision. Rather, the taxing district under our system of public school financing is the individual municipality, here Sea Bright, and plaintiffs do not assert any lack of uniformity of taxation within Sea Bright. The court also rejected plaintiffs' equal protection claims, concluding that there is a reasonable basis for the differences in the statutory methods){
		if (time - smc->sm.last_tok_time[i] > 2*TICKS_PER_SECOND ){
			smt_emulate_token_ct( smc, i );
		}
	}
#endif

	smt_timer_start(smc,&smc->sm.smt_timer, (u_long)1000000L,
		EV_TOKEN(EVENT_SMT,SM_TIMER)) ;
}

static int div_ratio(u_long upper, u_long lower)
{
	if ((upper<<16L) < upper)
		upper = 0xffff0000L ;
	else
		upper <<= 16L ;
	if (!lower)
		return 0;
	return (int)(upper/lower) ;
}

#ifndef	SLIM_SMT

/*
 * receive packet handler
 */
void smt_received_pack(struct s_smc *smc, SMbuf *mb, int fs)
/* int fs;  frame status */
{
	struct smt_header	*sm ;
	int			local ;

	int			illegal = 0 ;

	switch (m_fc(mb)) {
	case FC_SMT_INFO :
	case FC_SMT_LAN_LOC :
	case FC_SMT_LOC :
	case FC_SMT_NSA :
		break ;
	default :
		smt_free_mbuf(smc,mb) ;
		return ;
	}

	smc->mib.m[MAC0].fddiMACSMTCopied_Ct++ ;
	sm = smtod(mb,struct smt_header *) ;
	local = ((fs & L_INDICATOR) != 0) ;
	hwm_conv_can(smc,(char *)sm,12) ;

	/* check destination address */
	if (is_individual(&sm->smt_dest) && !is_my_addr(smc,&sm->smt_dest)) {
		smt_free_mbuf(smc,mb) ;
		return ;
	}
#if	0		/* for DUP recognition, do NOT filter them */
	/* ignore loop back packets */
	if (is_my_addr(smc,&sm->smt_source) && !local) {
		smt_free_mbuf(smc,mb) ;
		return ;
	}
#endif

	smt_swap_para(sm,(int) mb->sm_len,1) ;
	DB_SMT("SMT : received packet [%s] at 0x%p",
	       smt_type_name[m_fc(mb) &


address */
/* int fc;			frame control */
/* u_long tid;			transaction id */
/* int type;			frame type */
/* int len;			frame length */
{
	struct smt_ecf	*ecf ;
	SMbuf		*mb ;

	if (!(mb = smt_build_frame(smc,SMT_ECF,type,SMT_ECF_LEN + len)))
		return ;
	ecf = smtod(mb, struct smt_ecf *) ;

	smt_fill_echo(smc,&ecf->ec_echo,tid,len) ;	/* set ECHO */
	ecf->smt.smt_dest = *dest ;	/* destination address */
	ecf->smt.smt_tid = tid ;	/* transaction ID */
	smc->mib.priv.fddiPRIVECF_Req_Tx++ ;
	smt_send_frame(smc,mb,fc,0) ;
}

/*
 * generate and send SIF config response
 */

static void smt_send_sif_config(struct s_smc *smc, struct fddi_addr *dest,
				u_long tid, int local)
/* struct fddi_addr *dest;	dest address */
/* u_long tid;			transaction id */
{
	struct smt_sif_config	*sif ;
	SMbuf			*mb ;
	int			len ;
	if (!(mb = smt_build_frame(smc,SMT_SIF_CONFIG,SMT_REPLY,
		SIZEOF_SMT_SIF_CONFIG)))
		return ;

	sif = smtod(mb, struct smt_sif_config *) ;
	smt_fill_timestamp(smc,&sif->ts) ;	/* set time stamp */
	smt_fill_sde(smc,&sif->sde) ;		/* set station descriptor */
	smt_fill_version(smc,&sif->version) ;	/* set version information */
	smt_fill_state(smc,&sif->state) ;	/* set state information */
	smt_fill_policy(smc,&sif->policy) ;	/* set station policy */
	smt_fill_latency(smc,&sif->latency);	/* set station latency */
	smt_fill_neighbor(smc,&sif->neighbor);	/* set station neighbor */
	smt_fill_setcount(smc,&sif->setcount) ;	/* set countvoid smt_add_frame_len(SMbuf *mb, int len)
{
	struct smt_header	*smt ;

	smt = smtod(mb, struct smt_header *) ;
	smt->smt_len += len ;
	mb->sm_len += len ;
}

/*
 * fill values in UNA parameter
 */
static void smt_fill_una(struct s_smc *smc, struct smt_p_una *una)
{
	SMTSETPARA(una,SMT_P_UNA) ;
	una->una_pad = 0 ;
	una->una_node = smc->mib.m[MAC0].fddiMACUpstreamNbr ;
}

/*
 * fill values in SDE parameter
 */
static void smt_fill_sde(struct s_smc *smc, struct smt_p_sde *sde)
{
	SMTSETPARA(sde,SMT_P_SDE) ;
	sde->sde_non_master = smc->mib.fddiSMTNonMaster_Ct ;
	sde->sde_master = smc->mib.fddiSMTMaster_Ct ;
	sde->sde_mac_count = NUMMACS ;		/* only 1 MAC */
#ifdef	CONCENTRATOR
	sde->sde_type = SMT_SDE_CONCENTRATOR ;
#else
	sde->sde_type = SMT_SDE_STATION ;
#endif
}

/*
 * fill in values in station state parameter
 */
static void smt_fill_state(struct s_smc *smc, struct smt_p_state *state)
{
	int	top ;
	int	twist ;

	SMTSETPARA(state,SMT_P_STATE) ;
	state->st_pad = 0 ;

	/* determine topology */
	top = 0 ;
	if (smc->mib.fddiSMTPeerWrapFlag) {
		top |= SMT_ST_WRAPPED ;		/* state wrapped */
	}
#ifdef	CONCENTRATOR
	if (cfm_status_unattached(smc)) {
		top |= SMT_ST_UNATTACHED ;	/* unattached concentrator */
	}
#endif
	if ((twist = pcm_status_twisted(smc)) & 1) {
		top |= SMT_ST_TWISTED_A ;	/* twisted


ALLPHYS ; p++, phy++) {
		physp = p ;
#ifndef	CONCENTRATOR
		if (smc->s.sas == SMT_SAS)
			physp = PS ;
#endif
		pcm_status_state(smc,physp,&type,&state,&remote,&mac) ;
#ifdef	LITTLE_ENDIAN
		phy->phy_mib_index = smt_swap_short((u_short)p+INDEX_PORT) ;
#else
		phy->phy_mib_index = p+INDEX_PORT ;
#endif
		phy->phy_type = type ;
		phy->phy_connect_state = state ;
		phy->phy_remote_type = remote ;
		phy->phy_remote_mac = mac ;
		phy->phy_resource_idx = phy_con_resource_index(smc,p) ;
	}

	/* MAC */
	pd_mac = (struct smt_mac_rec *) phy ;
	pd_mac->mac_addr = smc->mib.m[MAC0].fddiMACSMTAddress ;
	pd_mac->mac_resource_idx = mac_con_resource_index(smc,1) ;
	return len;
}

/*
 * fill values in mac status
 */
static void smt_fill_mac_status(struct s_smc *smc, struct smt_p_mac_status *st)
{
	SMTSETPARA(st,SMT_P_MAC_STATUS) ;

	st->st_mib_index = INDEX_MAC ;
	st->st_mac_index = mac_index(smc,1) ;

	mac_update_counter(smc) ;
	/*
	 * timer values are represented in SMT as 2's complement numbers
	 * units :	internal :  2's complement BCLK
	 */
	st->st_t_req = smc->mib.m[MAC0].fddiMACT_Req ;
	st->st_t_neg = smc->mib.m[MAC0].fddiMACT_Neg ;
	st->st_t_max = smc->mib.m[MAC0].fddiMACT_Max ;
	st->st_tvx_value = smc->mib.m[MAC0].fddiMACTvxValue ;
	st->st_t_min = smc->mib.m[MAC0].fddiMACT_Min ;

	st->st_sba = smc->mib.a[PATH0].fddiPATHSbaPayload ;
	st->st_frame_ct = smc->mib.m[MAC0].fddiMACFrame_Ct ;
	st->st_error_ct = smc->mib.m[MAC0].fddiMACError_Ct ;
	st->st_lost_ct = smc->mib.m[MAC0].fddiMACLost_Ct ;
}

/*
 * fill values in LEM status
 */
static void;	/* this is MIB ; MIB is NOT
						 * mac_index ()i !
						 */
	fsc->fsc_pad1 = 0 ;
	fsc->fsc_value = FSC_TYPE0 ;		/* "normal" node */
#ifdef	LITTLE_ENDIAN
	fsc->fsc_mac_index = smt_swap_short(INDEX_MAC) ;
	fsc->fsc_value = smt_swap_short(FSC_TYPE0) ;
#endif
}
#endif

/*
 * fill mac counter field
 */
static void smt_fill_mac_counter(struct s_smc *smc, struct smt_p_mac_counter *mc)
{
	SMTSETPARA(mc,SMT_P_MAC_COUNTER) ;
	mc->mc_mib_index = INDEX_MAC ;
	mc->mc_index = mac_index(smc,1) ;
	mc->mc_receive_ct = smc->mib.m[MAC0].fddiMACCopied_Ct ;
	mc->mc_transmit_ct =  smc->mib.m[MAC0].fddiMACTransmit_Ct ;
}

/*
 * fill mac frame not copied counter
 */
static void smt_fill_mac_fnc(struct s_smc *smc, struct smt_p_mac_fnc *fnc)
{
	SMTSETPARA(fnc,SMT_P_MAC_FNC) ;
	fnc->nc_mib_index = INDEX_MAC ;
	fnc->nc_index = mac_index(smc,1) ;
	fnc->nc_counter = smc->mib.m[MAC0].fddiMACNotCopied_Ct ;
}

/*
 * fill manufacturer field
 */
static void smt_fill_manufacturer(struct s_smc *smc,
				  struct smp_p_manufacturer *man)
{
	SMTSETPARA(man,SMT_P_MANUFACTURER) ;
	memcpy((char *) man->mf_data,
		(char *) smc->mib.fddiSMTManufacturerData,
		sizeof(man->mf_data)) ;
}

/*
 * fill user field
 */
static void smt_fill_user(struct s_smc *smc, struct smp_p_user *user)
{
	SMTSETPARA(user,SMT_P_USER) ;
	memcpy((char *) user->us_data,
		(char *) smc->mib.fddiSMTUserData,
		sizeof(user->us_data)) ;
}

/*
 * fill set count
 */
static void smt_fill_setcount(struct s_smc *smc, struct


subscription to the newsletter.

Facebook Issues Present Possible Threat to Users

UPDATE–A security researcher has identified a pair of security issues in Facebook, one of which can be used to to upload an arbitrary file to the site, and the other of which can allow an attacker to gain control of a victim’s machine under some limited circumstances with user interaction.

The more serious of the vulnerabilities, which were identified by researcher David Sopas of WebSegura, is a reflected file download flaw that an attacker can use to plant a malicious file on a victim’s machine that looks like it is coming from a trusted Facebook domain. Sopas said he found two separate RFD issues on Facebook, both of which are still open right now. An attacker would need quite a= "/archipel/roles"

def create(xmppclient, pubsubserver):
    """
    Create the pubsub node
    """
    config = {
            archipelcore.pubsub.XMPP_PUBSUB_VAR_ACCESS_MODEL: archipelcore.pubsub.XMPP_PUBSUB_VAR_ACCESS_MODEL_OPEN,
            archipelcore.pubsub.XMPP_PUBSUB_VAR_PUBLISH_MODEL: archipelcore.pubsub.XMPP_PUBSUB_VAR_ACCESS_MODEL_OPEN,
            archipelcore.pubsub.XMPP_PUBSUB_VAR_DELIVER_NOTIFICATION: 1,
            archipelcore.pubsub.XMPP_PUBSUB_VAR_MAX_ITEMS: 100,
            archipelcore.pubsub.XMPP_PUBSUB_VAR_PERSIST_ITEMS: 1,
            archipelcore.pubsub.XMPP_PUBSUB_VAR_NOTIFY_RECTRACT: 0,
            archipelcore.pubsub.XMPP_PUBSUB_VAR_DELIVER_PAYLOADS: 1,
            archipelcore.pubsub.XMPP_PUBSUB_VAR_SEND_LAST_PUBLISHED_ITEM:


says something about smashing the bottle next time he sees him. Some serious foreshadowing here. - April 6, 2005foreshadowing

Reviewer: BkMitch69 - favorite favorite favorite favorite - January 10, 2005

Subject: xx? It means the exact date is unknown - January 10, 2005xx?

Reviewer: tomo - favorite favorite favorite favorite - November 21, 2004

Subject: 66-1-xx Why does the file say "66-01-xx" when you download it? - November 21, 200466-1-xx

Reviewer: Gr8ful4theband - favorite favorite favorite favorite favorite - September 2, 2004

Subject: This is oldschool This must of been deep in the vault.Listening to them b/s is gr8.That is 1 viscious Viola Lee - September 2, 2004This is oldschool

Reviewer: beege - favorite favorite favorite favorite - June 11, 2004

Subject: Viola Lee Rehearse Certainly on a historical perspective, this is fascinating stuff as weformer Obama official Sam Jammal and Mai Khanh Tran, a pediatrician and Vietnamese immigrant who has the backing of the pro-abortion rights political group Emily's List, which says it will spend whatever it takes in this primary.

AD

“In 2018, Democrats are going to flip the House because of candidates like Mai Khanh getting into the fight,” Emily's List president Stephanie Schriock said in a statement to the Los Angeles Times.

Navy veteran and lottery winner Gil Cisneros is also in the race. Only one candidate, former professor Phil Janowicz, voted in the district last year.

All the Democrats challenging Royce make up a healthy number of the two dozen-ish first-time congressional candidates who see an opening in some of California's longest-held Republican seats. Lots of eyes were drawn to the region


stomped his Democratic opponent in November by 14 points, a little-known candidate who raised just $78,000. Democrats say the Orange County area, in the era of Trump, is ripe for a real challenger.

AD

Combine all the California Republicans' votes for an unpopular Obamacare repeal bill, with the area's changing demographics, with a historically unpopular Republican president, and Democrats think they smell blood in the water.

AD

House Democrats' campaign arm has set up a team in Irvine, its first headquarters in the state since 2000, to try to knock out at least nine California Republicans in their efforts to take back the House.

Orange County and Royce's district are Ground Zero.

“There are Republicans who represent the Orange County that existed 20 years ago,” said Drew Godinich, the Western press secretary for the     };

            // Ignore workflow code segment

            // Ignore workflow code segment
            #region Track Workflow
            this.flow.AddNewRequest("Create the invoice", invoice);
            #endregion

Create the invoice

            var createdInvoice = invoice.Create(apiContext);


kings, or two or more parallel lines that have been presented as a single line by the compiler of the AKL and the _limmu_ list. If the latter, this would be very similar to the presentation of the Intermediate Periods in the Turin and Manethonic king lists in Egypt, where parallel lines were listed as though sequential (cf. p 124). In Assyria, the almost amuletic purpose of the AKL, purportedly demonstrating an unbroken line of succession from the earliest times to the current king, meant that such an approach was essentially _de rigeur_.

That there was a single line of Assyrian kings from Ashur-dan II onward is absolutely certain, and highly likely prior to Tukulti-Ninurta I on the basis of external data. However, between these two reigns there areIf you are an atheist. agnostic, Humanist, skeptic, freethinker, or some other sort of non-believer in God, the supernatural or any kind of afterlife — and you have an experience (or experiences) with grief — we want to hear about it.

I am going to be collaborating on a book about faith-free grief with Greta Christina, atheist blogger and author of Coming Out Atheist: How to Do It, How to Help Each Other, and Why and, Why Are You Atheists So Angry: 99 Things That Piss Off the Godless, are looking for personal stories from non-believers about their experiences with grief. We want to hear from you if you:

were a non-believer at the time you experienced the loss/grief;

became a non-believer while you were acutely grieving;

re-experienced old griefs or losses


145 and hour or two aftereating he is 40.. and this is without bolusing! ... (5 replies)

... was always perfectly fine. To make a LONG story short, hubby had some cancer issues a year and a half ago and I practically lived at the VA hospital, so between eating way off schedule, worrying and not sleeping right, my nerves were totally shot, that is when things went wacky. ... (17 replies)

... he sensation of feeling "off" will go away within minutes, which makes me think it's a blood sugar issue and not a thyroid problem, but within 2 hours or so even aftereating a big meal I will crave something sweet. ... (1 replies)

... Nutrition board and after some reading, decided to post it here as well. I'vesay to our Coptic Christian brothers and sisters. Do not be sad,” her nephew Islam Fathi said. “Muslims and Christians are one. It’s not about Muslim attacking Christians. No. My aunt was a Muslim. She was a believer...She was protecting Christians who were also praying in the church.”


conservation profiles between families, even if they are not apparent between single sequences (Sadreyev et al., [@B48]; Sánchez-Flores et al., [@B50]). The popular profile HMM-HMM comparison method, HHpred/HHsearch (Söding, [@B54]), is among the most sensitive methods for homology detection and is consistently ranked among the top automatic structure prediction methods in recent CASP (Critical Assessment of protein Structure Prediction) competitions.

To our knowledge, no studies have applied remote homology to large-scale annotation of metagenomic ORFans, perhaps due to the considerable computation required. Thus, the functions and origins of ORFans, which can be abundant in environmental sequences, are unclear. Here, we identified and analyzed ORFans from three large metagenome collections: the Great Prairie Soil Metagenome Grand Challenge (GPC), the Global Ocean Sampling (GOS), and the Human Gut Microbiome (HG), encompassingHowe et al. ([@B25]) and Qin et al. ([@B43]), respectively. We used segmasker from the BLAST version 2.2.28+ package to identify repetitive regions in putative ORFs, and CDSs containing over 40% repetitive sequence were discarded. To annotate CDSs with domain family homologs, hmmsearch from HMMER version 3.1b1 was used to scan the Pfam database (Pfam-A downloaded 15 May 2014), and remaining CDSs were scanned against the Conserved Domain Database (CDD) (20 Feb. 2014 release from NCBI) using rpsblast from the BLAST version 2.2.28+ package. An *E*-value cut-off of 10^−3^ was used for both methods. CDSs without identified domain family homologs, were clustered with CD-HIT version 4.6.1 using a 60% identity threshold. Spurious CDS predictions were identified as singleton clusters (those containing one sequence), clusters whose representative (longest) sequence


a HExxH motif. ORFan CD-HIT clusters meeting both conditions were considered putative ORFan metalloproteases or metallopeptidases.

Results {#s3}
=======

Identification of ORFan sequences in three large metagenomes
------------------------------------------------------------

With the goal of characterizing ORFans from diverse metagenomes, we retrieved and analyzed three large, publicly available datasets: the Great Prairie Soil Metagenome Grand Challenge (GPC), Global Ocean Sampling (GOS), and Human Gut Microbiome (HG). We selected metagenomes from diverse biomes (terrestrial, marine, host-associated) since observed differences in ORFan content and functions may be biologically relevant while commonalities may indicate general trends.

First, all genes within these metagenomes were predicted regardless of whether they could be verified through homology to known sequences. This initial set included a staggering number (35,307,707) of CDSs, equivalent to about 20% of the entries in the current NCBI GenBank database. EachCDS was processed using the computational pipeline described in Figure [1](#F1){ref-type="fig"} (see Table [1](#T1){ref-type="table"} for statistics at each step), with the intention of separating the ORFans from the homology-annotatable sequences. Potential ORFans were identified as CDSs whose products lacked detectable homology to known protein domain families (Pfam and CDD) or proteins in the NCBI database (see Materials and Methods). Since these potential ORFans likely contain a mixture of real ORFan proteins and false positives (Gilbert et al., [@B19]), additional steps were required to remove spurious ORFs. We therefore clustered the CDSs and removed singletons (Siew et al., [@B52]; Gilbert et al., [@B19]), clusters with low sequence variation, and clusters composed exclusively of short fragments (see Materials and Methods). This left 85,422 (GPC), 251,857 (GOS), and 146,842 (HG) putative


ORFan proteins from each metagenome (Table [1](#T1){ref-type="table"}). By definition each ORFan within this final set is an apparent gene coding for a protein, is a member of a sequence cluster with at least one representative of 100 amino acids or longer, and yet has no detectable homology to any known protein or conserved domain family. All following analyses were performed on this set of ORFans.

![**Pipeline for detection and functional annotation of metagenomic ORFan proteins**. Protein-coding sequences (CDSs) were predicted from assembled metagenomic contigs, and searched against conserved domain databases. CDSs that could not be annotated by domain homology were further clustered, and representatives were BLASTed against the NCBI nr database. Remaining CDS clusters lacking detected homologs were considered ORFans, and these were subjected to remote homology detection usingtotal number of shared GO terms for all annotated ORFans, and compared this to an estimated random distribution in which the ORFans were shuffled amongst their original locations. ORFans from all three metagenomes exhibited extremely high, statistically significant levels of functional consistency with their neighbors (Figure [2B](#F2){ref-type="fig"}). This effect was abolished completely when the ORFans randomly swap their positions. Overall, the significant functional congruence between ORFans and their gene neighbors suggests that the predicted functions are of high quality and thus potentially meaningful for biological interpretation.

Enriched functions among ORFans
-------------------------------

An important next question concerns the predicted ORFan functions themselves, how they compare to the homology-based functional profile inferred for the remaining metagenome, and what insights they may provide into hidden functions of their respective environments. To examine ORFan functions


One explanation for this is that environment-specific functions may be encoded in part by environment-specific genes that differ from characterized genes in the database.

To explore this in greater detail, we visualized metagenome-specific ORFan functions using 3D scatterplots (Figure [3](#F3){ref-type="fig"}), similar to previous three-way comparisons of metagenome functional profiles (Tringe et al., [@B56]). In these plots, ORFan functions that are of similar abundance in all three metagenomes will appear close to the origin, whereas ORFan functions that are relatively abundant in one metagenome will project outwards along that metagenome\'s axis. In addition to GO terms, we also performed the same analysis at the level of ORFan families, as represented by the top identified remote homolog in the PDB.

![**Metagenome-specific ORFan families and functions**. Shown are projections of three-dimensional scatterplots inPDB match are listed*.

![**One example of 257 predicted metalloprotease ORFan sequence clusters**. The example shown is a predicted metalloprotease ORFan from the HG metagenome with similarity to the protease domain of the anthrax toxin. The catalytic zinc-metalloprotease (HExxH) catalytic motif is conserved between the query and template, however the remaining sequence similarity is weak. In general, ORFan metalloproteases were predicted based on detected remote homology to protein structures of known or putative proteases and peptidases, as well as presence of the HExxH motif.](fgene-06-00234-g0004){#F4}

Discussion {#s4}
==========

We developed a pipeline to identify and structurally annotate ORFans from three large and highly distinct metagenomes. Our results demonstrate that a considerable fraction (15.3%) of metagenomic ORFans exhibit remote but significant homology to structurally characterized proteins. This is surprising since neither BLAST nor profile-based


here for additional data file.

######

**Heatmap of GO function terms in the Pfam-annotated subset and the ORFan subset**. Only terms enriched (\>1.25 fold) in at least one dataset are included in the heatmap to avoid display of invariant functions.

######

Click here for additional data file.

######

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[^1]: Edited by: Shihua Zhang, Academy of Mathematics and Systems Science, Chinese Academy of Science, China

[^2]: Reviewed by: Xianwen Ren, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, China; Li Charlie Xia, Stanford University, USA

[^3]: This article was submitted to Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, a section of the journal Frontiers in Genetics
On the fourth of March, in the sleepy British cathedral town of Salisbury, an ex-spy named Sergei Skripal was poisoned by an assassin with the most deadly nerve agent known to man.

The Russian government was immediately blamed by a shocked and outraged world. Foreign Secretary Boris Johnson assured the people of Great Britain that “There’s no doubt” that Moscow was responsible. In a large and sudden leap forward in cold war escalations, Russian diplomats were thrown out of countries all around the globe, including my own Australia, in a show of solidarity with the United Kingdom. It was the largest collective ejection of Russian diplomats in history.

Two months after his earth-shattering assassination, as the world stared spellbound at the weekend’s immensely popular PR spectacle of a royal wedding,


Sergei Skripal was quietly discharged from the hospital he’d been staying at. The BBC reports that he is walking and approaching complete recovery.

Wait a second. Haven’t I seen this Python skit before?

So to recap, an ex-spy who had been retired and strategically irrelevant for years was reportedly poisoned by the Kremlin with Novichok, a scary Russian-sounding word which refers to a group of extremely deadly and fast-acting nerve agents that start shutting down the body’s muscles and respiratory system within 30 seconds to two minutes. Except in the case of Sergei Skripal and his daughter Yulia it was several hours with a leisurely stroll, a meal, and beers in between.

The poison was placed in Yulia Skripal’s suitcase. Actually no, they got that wrong, it was the air ventsthe horror stories they told us about how the city that had been occupied by good, noble freedom fighters was about to be taken by an army of depraved psychopaths who wanted to rape women, burn children alive, and shoot civilians in their homes. Back at the tail end of 2016, though, it was all you ever heard about. The “fall of Aleppo”, they called it. If the west didn’t intervene to stop Damascus and Moscow from retaking East Aleppo from the good-hearted rebels, everyone there would be raped, tortured, and butchered by the soulless army of the Syrian government.

Well, Moscow and Damascus did recapture East Aleppo, and it turns out that everything we were told about it was a lie. The atrocities the Syrian Arab Army were


Making Research Accessible

Research Center magazine highlights strengths of each Center

About Greenley

Located in the claypan soil region of northeast Missouri, this Center evaluates efficient and profitable crop production while emphasizing soil conservation, water quality and energy efficiency. It is involved in developing a systems approach for irrigation and drainage using drain tile and studying paired watersheds to evaluate the impact of agroforestry practices on water quality. Ongoing performance testing of corn, soybean, sunflowers, biomass and winter wheat yields results to aid Missouri producers.
Learn More// RUN: %clang_cc1 %s
// TODO: We don't support rewrite of method definitions

@interface Intf
- (in out bycopy id) address:(byref inout void *)location with:(out oneway unsigned **)arg2;
- (id) another:(void *)location with:(unsigned **)arg2;
@end

@implementation Intf
- (in out bycopy id) address:(byref inout void *)location with:(out oneway unsigned **)arg2{ return 0; }
- (id) another:(void *)location with:(unsigned **)arg2 { return 0; }
@end


Let y be 2*((-24)/21 - b). Is 0 <= y?
False
Let x = 10.82 + 0.18. Let l = 14 - x. Is 2/5 < l?
True
Let q = 47 + -45. Are q and 5/2 equal?
False
Let z = -95 + 474/5. Is z greater than -0.06?
False
Let h be (-3)/(-12)*2*2. Suppose -3*k + 3 = b, -5*b + b + k - h = 0. Let t(l) = -l**2 + 2. Let o be t(b). Are 2 and o nonequal?
False
Let n = 19 - 33. Let b be n/(-10) + (-2)/5. Let w = -34/7 + 129/28. Which is smaller: w or b?
w
Let n = -6 - -8. Suppose 3*t = 5*t + n. Which is smaller: t or -2/15?
t
Suppose a = 3*a - 22. Is 11 equal to a?
True
Supposeof multiplier ideal.

Hodge ideals can be computed concretely when $D$ is a simple normal crossing divisor; see Proposition \[description\_SNC\_case\]. In particular, if $D$ is smooth, then $I_k (D) = \shO_X$ for all $k \ge 0$, which corresponds to equality between the Hodge filtration and the pole order filtration in ($\ref{HP-inclusion}$). One of the main applications of the results below is an effective converse to this statement.

\[smoothness\_criterion\] Let $X$ be a smooth complex variety of dimension $n$, and $D$ a reduced effective divisor on $X$. Then the following are equivalent:

1.  $D$ is smooth.

2.  the Hodge filtration and pole order filtration on $\shO_X(*D)$ coincide.

3.  $I_k(D) = \shO_X$ for all $k \ge 0$.

4.  $I_k(D) = \shO_X$ for some $k \ge \frac{n-1}{2}$.

Saito introduced in [@Saito-HF] a measure of


also [@Popa] and [@Schnell]). A similar result can be formulated more generally, on singular projective varieties, but we will not make use of this here.

\[saito\_vanishing\] Let $(\Mmod, F)$ be a Hodge $\Dmod$-module on a smooth projective variety $X$, and let $L$ be any ample line bundle. Then:

1.  $\mathbf{H}^i \bigl( X, \gr_k^F \DR(\Mmod) \otimes L \bigr) = 0$ for all $i > 0$.

2.  $\mathbf{H}^i \bigl( X, \gr_k^F \DR(\Mmod) \otimes L^{-1} \bigr) = 0$ for all $i < 0$.

Localization as a Hodge $\Dmod$-module {#localization_HM}
--------------------------------------

If $X$ is a smooth variety, and $D$ is a reduced effective divisor on $X$, then the right $\Dmod_X$-module $\omega_X(*D)$ is a Hodge $\Dmod$-module. Indeed, it underlies the mixed Hodge module $j_* \QQ_U^H[n]$, where $j\colon U = X \smallsetminus D \hookrightarrow X$ is the inclusion,Hodge ideal* of $D$. We will show in Theorem \[independence\] that the definition is independent of the choice of log resolution.

We end this section by mentioning another sequence of ideals that can be defined in this context. We discuss them only briefly, since they will not play an important role in what follows; it is however a somewhat more intuitive definition that helps with a first approximation understanding of the Hodge ideals. For every $k\geq 0$, define $$\shF_{k-n}:=H^0C^{\bullet}_{k-n}=$$ $$= {\rm Coker} \left[\Omega_Y^{n-1}(\log E) \otimes_{\shO_Y} f^*F_{k-1}\Dmod_X\to\omega_Y(E)\otimes_{\shO_Y}f^*F_{k}\Dmod_X\right].$$ The morphism $C^{\bullet}_{k-n}\to A^{\bullet}$ induces a morphism $$f_*\shF_{k-n}=f_*H^0C^{\bullet}_{k-n}\to f_*H^0A^{\bullet}=\omega_X(*D),$$ whose image we denote by $\overline{\shF}_{k-n}$. An argument similar to that in Lemma \[HP\] shows that $$\overline{\shF}_{k-n}\subseteq\omega_X\big((k+1)D\big),$$ hence there is a coherent ideal $I_k^f(D)$ of $\shO_X$ such that $$\overline{\shF}_{k-n}=  \omega_X\big((k+1)D\big) \otimes I_k^f(D).$$ It is easy


can be checked locally on $Y$, hence we may identify the map $w \colon T_Y(-\log E)\vert_{\widetilde{H}}\to (f^*T_X)\vert_{\widetilde{H}}$ to the map $$(u,{\rm Id})\colon T_{\widetilde{H}}(-\log E\vert_{\widetilde{H}})\oplus\shO_{\widetilde{H}}\to g^*T_H\oplus\shO_{\widetilde{H}}.$$ It follows from the proof of Proposition \[resolution1\] that the complexes $\overline{C'}_{k-n}^{\bullet}$ and $\overline{C}^{\bullet}_{k-n}\otimes_{\shO_Y}\shO_{\widetilde{H}}$ are isomorphic to Eagon-Northcott type complexes corresponding to the morphisms of vector bundles $u$ and $(u,{\rm Id})$, respectively, with the map (\[quasiisom\_restriction\_general\_hypersurfaces3\]) being induced by the inclusions $$T_{\widetilde{H}}(-\log E\vert_{\widetilde{H}})\hookrightarrow T_{\widetilde{H}}(-\log E\vert_{\widetilde{H}})\oplus\shO_{\widetilde{H}}\quad
\text{and}\quad g^*T_H\hookrightarrow g^*T_H\oplus\shO_{\widetilde{H}}.$$ The assertion to be proved now follows from the fact that given a morphism of vector bundles $u\colon V \to W$ on a variety $Z$, if $K_1^{\bullet}$ is an Eagon-Northcott type complex constructed for $u$ and $K_2^{\bullet}$ is the corresponding complex constructed for $(u,{\rm Id})\colon V\oplus\shO_Z\to W\oplus\shO_Z$, then the natural inclusion $K_1^{\bullet}\hookrightarrow K_2^{\bullet}$ is a quasi-isomorphism. Wefollows that it is enough to show that $g^*F_j\Dmod_X\cdot J^j\subseteq F_j\Dmod_Z$ for every $j\geq 0$. This is a consequence of the general Lemma \[lem\_relative\_tangent\_blow\_up\] below, and completes the proof of ii).

In order to prove the assertion in iii), we look a bit closer at the argument showing i). It follows from Lemma \[filtration1\] that we have a commutative diagram with exact rows: $$\begin{tikzcd}
0 \rar &  \Omega_Y^{n-1}(\log E)\dar{{\rm Id}}\rar & \omega_Y(E)\otimes h^*F_1\Dmod_Z\dar{\alpha}\rar&  \shF_{1-n}^{D_Z}\rar & 0 \\
0\rar &  \Omega_Y^{n-1}(\log E)\rar & \omega_Y(E)\otimes f^*F_1\Dmod_X\rar & \shF_{1-n}^D\rar & 0.
\end{tikzcd}$$ As we have seen, the map $\alpha$ is injective. Moreover, we have $${\rm Coker}(\alpha)\simeq \omega_Y(E)\otimes h^*T_{Z/X}.$$ It follows from the diagram that we have an induced exact sequence $$0\longrightarrow \shF_{1-n}^{D_Z}\longrightarrow \shF_{1-n}^D\longrightarrow \omega_Y(E)\otimes h^*T_{Z/X}\longrightarrow 0.$$ Applying $h_*$ we obtain an exact sequence


for $k=0$. If $k\geq 1$, then we have by induction $$f^*D_1 \ldots f^* D_k \tau_1\ldots \tau_k-f^* D_1 \ldots f^* D_{k-1} (\tau_1f^*D_k)\tau_2\ldots \tau_k$$ $$=
f^* D_1 \ldots f^* D_{k-1} \tau_2\ldots \tau_{k-1}D_k(\tau_1)\in F_{k-1}\Dmod_Z.$$ After iterating this $k$ times, we obtain $$f^*D_1 \ldots f^* D_k \tau_1\ldots \tau_k-(f^* D_1 \ldots f^* D_{k-1} \tau_1\ldots\tau_{k-1})(\tau_k f^* D_k )\in F_{k-1}\Dmod_Z.$$ We know by assumption that $\tau_k f^* D_k \in F_1\Dmod_Z$, and by induction we have $$f^* D_1 \ldots f^* D_{k-1} \tau_1\ldots\tau_{k-1}\in F_{k-1}\Dmod_Z.$$ We thus conclude that $f^* D_1 \ldots f^* D_k \tau_1\ldots \tau_k$ is a section of $F_k\Dmod_Z$.

\[ex\_relative\_tangent\_blow\_up\] If $g\colon Z\to X$ is the blow-up of a smooth variety $X$ along the smooth subvariety $W$ defined by the ideal $I_W$, with exceptional divisor $G$, then $I_W\cdot T_{Z/X}=0$. In fact, we have an isomorphism $$T_{Z/X}\simeq T_{G/W}\otimes_{\shO_G}\shO_G(-1)$$ whichclearly implies this. Indeed, an easy computation in local charts gives an isomorphism $${\rm Coker}(g^*\Omega_X^1 \to\Omega_Z^1 )\simeq \Omega_{G/W}^1.$$ We deduce that $$T_{Z/X}\simeq {\mathcal Ext}_{\shO_Z}^1(\Omega_{G/W}^1,\shO_Z)
\simeq ({\Omega_{G/W}^1})^{\vee}\otimes_{\shO_Z} {\mathcal Ext}_{\shO_Z}^1(\shO_G,\shO_Z)$$ $$\simeq T_{G/W}\otimes_{\shO_Z}\shO_G(G)\simeq T_{G/W}\otimes_{\shO_G}\shO_G(-1).$$

In applications we will also make use of the following more “local" versions of the assertion in Theorem \[birational\_transformation\_I1\] ii).

\[remark\_small\_ideal\] Let $g\colon Z\to X$ and $D$, $D_Z$ be as in Theorem \[birational\_transformation\_I1\]. Consider an open subset $V$ of $Z$ and let $g'\colon V\to X$ be the restriction of $g$. If $J$ is an ideal sheaf on $X$ such that $J\cdot T_{Z/X}=0$ on $V$, then $$\label{eq_remark_small_ideal}
J^k\cdot I_k(D)\subseteq g'_*\left(I_k(D_Z)\otimes \shO_Z \big(K_{Z/X}+(k+1)D_Z-(k+1)g^*D\big)\vert_V\right),$$ where the right-hand side is considered as an $\shO_X$-submodule of the constant sheaf of rational functions on $X$. In particular, for every prime divisor $G$ on $Z$ that intersects $V$, we have


$$\big(S^{j-i}g^*(T_{\PP}(-1))/S^{j-i}g^*T_{\PP}\big)\otimes\shO_Y(-i)$$ $$\simeq \big(S^{j-i}g^*T_{\PP}\otimes \shO_Y((j-i)F) /S^{j-i}g^*T_{\PP}\big)
\otimes \shO_Y(-i)$$ has a filtration with successive quotients $$S^{j-i}g^*T_{\PP}\otimes \shO_F(-\ell-i)\simeq S^{j-i}T_F\otimes\shO_F(-\ell-i)$$ for $1\leq\ell\leq j-i$, which gives the assertion in the lemma.

\[example\_ODP\] It follows from Proposition \[prop\_case\_larger\_k\] that the bound in Example \[triviality\_smooth\_tangent\_cone\] is sharp, that is, if $m\geq 2$ and $k$ is such that $$k+1\leq\frac{n}{m}<k+2,$$ then around $x$ we have $I_{k+1}(D)\neq\shO_X$. This completes the proof of Theorem \[thm\_ordinary\_singularities\]. The statement follows directly from the proposition if $k+1<\frac{n}{m}$. To check the case $k+1=\frac{n}{m}$, we consider $X'=X\times\AAA^1$ and the divisor $D'$ defined locally by $h+z^m$, where $h$ is a local equation of $D$ and $z$ is the coordinate on $\AAA^1$. In this case $D'$ has a smooth projectivized tangent cone at $x'=(x,0)$, of degree $m$, and we use Proposition \[prop\_case\_larger\_k\] to conclude that $$I_{k+1}(D')\subseteq\mathfrak{m}_{x'}$$ around $x'$. On the otherall}\quad k\leq-1+\sum_{i=1}^n\frac{1}{a_i}.$$ When $\alpha_1=\cdots=\alpha_n=d$, this also follows from Example \[triviality\_smooth\_tangent\_cone\], while Example \[example\_ODP\] says that in this case the estimate is sharp.

More generally, suppose that $D\subset \AAA^n$ has a semiquasihomogeneous isolated singularity at $x$ in the sense of [@Saito-HF]. This means that we have local coordinates $x_1,\ldots,x_n$ centered at $x$ and weights $w_1,\ldots,w_n\in {\mathbf Q}_{>0}$ such that a local equation $f$ of $D$ at $x$ can be written as $g+h$, where $g$ only involves monomials of weighted degree $1$, it has an isolated singularity at $x$, and $h$ only involves monomials of weighted degree $>1$. In this case, Saito showed in [@Saito-Fourier] that $\alpha_{f,x}=\sum_{i=1}^nw_i$.

Note that $D$ has an ordinary singularity at $p$ if and only if it has a semihomogeneous isolated singularity at $p$ (in the sense that it satisfies


\wedge^j T_X \otimes \omega_X^{-j}( j(n+1)A) \otimes M\big)=0  \quad\text{for all}\quad i >0.$$ A small calculation shows that in order to satisfy ($\ref{input}$) it is therefore enough to have the ampleness of $D - k \big(-K_X  + (n+1)A\big)$.

Following [@ELN Remark 4.5], inspired in turn by [@Demailly Corollary 12.12], an effective (but very large) bound can also be given depending on a line bundle $A$ such that $-K_X + A$ is nef.

Vanishing on $\PP^n$ and abelian varieties, with applications
=============================================================

We revisit the vanishing theorems of the previous section for projective space and abelian varieties. In these cases the extra assumptions needed in Theorem \[vanishing\_Hodge\_ideals\] are automatically satisfied, due to special properties of the bundles of holomorphic forms, and this in turn has striking applications. A stronger result holds on toricand non-degenerate with respect to the corresponding Newton polyhedra, Saito’s result [@Saito-B Theorem 0.11] discussed in Remark \[criterion\_Bernstein\_Sato\] implies Deligne’s theorem mentioned above. Note also that [@DD] looks at the relationship between the Hodge filtration and the pole order filtration on other homogeneous varieties.

\[toric\_remark\] The first assertion in Theorem \[Deligne\] admits a version in the toric context. Suppose that $X$ is a smooth projective toric variety and $D$ is an ample, reduced effective divisor, with isolated singularities. If $k\geq 0$ is such that $$\label{eq_toric_remark}
H^0\big(X,\omega_X\big((k+1)D\big)\big)=0,$$ then $(X,D)$ is $k$-log-canonical. Indeed, we argue that $(X,D)$ is $j$-log-canonical by induction on $j\leq k$. For the induction step, we use the fact that $(X,D)$ is $(j-1)$-log-canonical and Corollary \[toric\_vanishing\] to conclude that $$H^1\big(X,\omega_X\big((j+1)D\big)\otimes I_j(D)\big)=0$$ and then argue as in the proof of Theorem \[Deligne\].

Note that every


results hold for $g \gg 0$; see Remark \[theta\_comments\](1).

\[theta\_isolated\] Let $(X, \Theta)$ be an irreducible ppav of dimension $g$, such that $\Theta$ has isolated singularities. Then:

1.  For every $x \in \Theta$ we have ${\rm mult}_x (\Theta) \le \frac{g + 1}{2}$.

2.  Moreover, there can be at most one $x \in \Theta$ such that ${\rm mult}_x (\Theta) = \frac{g + 1}{2}$.

Note in passing that for $g \ge 3$ irreducibility follows automatically from the assumption on isolated singularities. Indeed, if $(A,\Theta)$ splits as a product of ppav’s, then we have $\dim {\rm Sing}(\Theta) = g-2$. For $g=2$ it is necessary to assume it, as the bound fails for a product of elliptic curves.

Assuming that ${\rm mult}_x (\Theta) \ge  \frac{g + 2}{2}$, by Theorem \[new\_criterion\_nontriviality\] (see also Example \[specific\_I1\])$\widetilde{D}$ is the strict transform of $D$ and $F$ is the reduced exceptional divisor. We assume that $E$ has simple normal crossings.

1.  If $f$ is an isomorphism over $X\smallsetminus D$ ${\rm (}$so that $E=(f^*D)_{\rm red}$${\rm )}$, then $$f_* \Omega_Y^p({\rm log}\,E) \simeq \Omega_X^p ({\rm log}\,D)\quad
    \text{for ~all~}\quad p \ge 0, \quad\text{and}$$ $$R^if_* \Omega_Y^p({\rm log}\,E) =0 \quad {\rm for ~all~}\quad i>0, \,p\geq 0.$$

2.  For every $f$, we have $$f_* \Omega_Y^1({\rm log}\,E) \simeq \Omega_X^1 ({\rm log}\,D)$$ and $$R^if_* \Omega_Y^1({\rm log}\,E) =0 \quad {\rm for ~all~}\quad i>0.$$

The assertion in i) is contained in [@EV Lemmas 1.2 and 1.5], where the vanishing statement is deduced from a theorem of Deligne.[^5] We give a self-contained proof below, since it also applies in case ii), which is needed in the paper.


$$\Omega_{Y'}^q\big(\log (\pi^*E+B')\big)\simeq \pi^*\Omega_Y^q\big(\log (E+B)\big),$$ and therefore $$\pi_*\Omega_{Y'}^q\big(\log (\pi^*E+B')\big)\simeq \Omega_Y^q\big(\log (E+B)\big)\otimes\pi_*\shO_{Y'}\simeq$$ $$\simeq \bigoplus_{j=0}^{m-1}\Omega_Y^q\big(\log (E+B)\big)\otimes L^{\otimes(-j)}.$$ We thus conclude from (\[eq1\_thm\_vanishing2\]) that $$\label{eq2_thm_vanishing2}
H^p\big(Y,\Omega_Y^q\big(\log (E+B)\big)\otimes L^{\otimes (1-m)}\big)=0\quad\text{for}\quad p+q>n.$$

If $q=0$, then $p>n$ and the assertion we need to prove is trivial. Suppose now that $q>0$ and consider the short exact sequence on $Y$ $$0\to\Omega_Y^q\big(\log (E+B)\big)\otimes_{\shO_Y}\shO_Y(-B)\to \Omega_Y^q(\log E)\to \Omega_B^{q}(\log E\vert_B)\to 0.$$ By tensoring with $L$ and taking the long exact sequence in cohomology, we obtain an exact sequence $$H^p\big(Y,\Omega_Y^q\big(\log (E+B)\big)\otimes L^{\otimes (1-m)}\big)\to H^p\big(Y, \Omega_Y^q(\log E)\otimes L\big)$$ $$\to H^p\big(Y,  \Omega_B^{q}(\log E\vert_B)\otimes L\vert_B).$$ If $p+q>n$, then the first term vanishes by (\[eq2\_thm\_vanishing2\]), while the third term vanishes by the inductive assumption. We thus obtain the vanishing of the second term, which completes the proof of the theorem.

We can now prove the relative vanishing statement.

TheUpstate Farmers Find That a Fertile Flood Plain Is a Two-Edged Sword

New York growers, many of whose farms have been in the family for generations, suffered devastating crop losses as a result of Tropical Storm Irene.

LISA W. FODERARO

Like many other growers in the Hudson Valley, John Gill’s grandfather established his farm along the banks of a creek — in his case, the lower Esopus in Hurley, N.Y. — because the land was so fertile, with topsoil penetrating 10 to 30 feet into the earth.

The fertility is due to a flood plain. But the geological blessing of such a plain can change, in a matter of hours, into calamity, as Mr. Gill saw this week on the family farm, established in 1937, which sits at the base of the


said the storm destroyed dozens of farms and crippled many others by killing livestock, submerging crops, washing away barns and buckling nearby roads. The onslaught came at the worst possible time, with farmers in the midst of harvesting a year’s worth of labor. In some spots, orange orbs were eerily visible underwater during flyovers by state officials — a vestige of the season’s pumpkin crop.

“Clearly, it’s not good,” said Darrel J. Aubertine, the commissioner of the state’s Department of Agriculture and Markets. “I’ve been involved in agriculture my entire life, and there have been times when the weather has wreaked havoc on livestock and farms, but I don’t think I have ever seen anything on this scale here in New York.”

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this appeal from the overruling of that motion,

Hengehold advances three assignments of error.

                      Ground Not Asserted in the Motion

       {¶4}     We address first Hengehold’s third assignment of error, in which he

contends that the trial court violated R.C. 2929.19(B)(6) in ordering him to pay the

costs of his prosecution without first considering his ability to pay. This court has

jurisdiction to review only the judgment from which Hengehold appeals. In that

judgment, the common pleas court overruled Hengehold’s 2015 motion for

resentencing.    In overruling the motion, the court did not rule upon, because

Hengehold had not asserted in his motion,  See United States v. Sykes, 4 F.3d 697, 700 (8th Cir. 1993) (finding defendant
knew that he was fleeing law enforcement when officers identified themselves, drove
car with emergency light activated, and police had to run defendant off road to
apprehend him); United States v. Rice, 184 F.3d 740, 742 (8th Cir. 1999) (finding
defendant knew that law enforcement was present when officers wore badges and
were clearly identified); United States v. Moore, 242 F.3d 1080 (8th Cir. 2001)
(rejecting defendant's argument that government had not proved that he knowingly
fled from police where defendant fled after officers had identified themselves
verbally, officers in front of defendant's car were wearing raid vests with "POLICE"
on them, police pursued defendant with flashing lights activated, and defendant raced


                                -5-
       Likewise, the district court did not err in finding that Bazaldua "was aware of
the risk created by his conduct" and that his disregard of that risk "constituted a gross
deviation from the standard of care that a reasonable person would exercise in such
a situation." U.S.S.G. § 2A1.4 com. n.1. The facts show Bazaldua was driving in
heavy snow, too fast for the slick road conditions, and weaving in and out of traffic
while being pursued by law enforcement, refusing to stop until he was forcibly spun
out.

          We hold that the district court's factual findings for application of U.S.S.G. §
3C1.2 were not clearly erroneous. The court correctly determined that Bazaldua's
actions recklessly created a substantial risk of death or serious bodily injury to another
person in the course of fleeing from law enforcement. See United States v. St. James,
415 F.3d 800, 806 (8th Cir. 2005) (finding no error in applying § 3C1.2 where
defendant fled from police, driving "erratically at high speeds on congested streets,
thereby placing both law enforcement personnel and the public in danger"); United
States v. Caldwell, 192 Fed. Appx. 576 (8th Cir. 2006) (unpublished) (finding

down highway, ran lights, and discarded contraband while being followed).


We offer two services on Friday and Saturday evenings. Reservations can be booked at either 5:30 p.m. or 8:15 p.m. The final seating of the reservations is at the discretion of the management.

Friday

1st service 5 p.m. to 8 p.m.
You must leave by 8 p.m. 2nd service 8:15 p.m. to close.

Saturday

1st service 5 p.m. to 8 p.m.
You must leave by 8 p.m. 2nd service 8:15 p.m. to close.

DEPOSIT

For groups, we ask for a $100 deposit when the reservation is booked. The deposit will be refunded on the day of the reservation according to terms and conditions. You can reserve by phone or in person at the restaurant.

All cancellations must be made by email or phone within 48 hours of the reservation. No additional guest can be added to thetag_end = delimiter + 1;
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the Galaxy had their own trio of all-stars available together for the first time in three months, while the Sounders' Obafemi Martins and Clint Dempsey barely figured in the first half. And with Ossie Alonso being bypassed in midfield and DeAndre Yedlin still showing the defensive weakness that undermines his undoubted prowess going forward, Marshall, arguably, wasn’t the only Sounders all-star missing on the night.

But while his absence didn’t wholly explain the Sounders capitulation, it certainly didn’t help. The back line continually looked ragged — sliced open on the counter for Gyassi Zardes’s tapped-in opener, caught out by a ball over the top in the build up to Donovan following in for the second, and equally flat-footed as Stefan Ishizaki overlapped to smash home the third before 35Trepcza

Trepcza  (, Terepcha) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Sanok, within Sanok County, Subcarpathian Voivodeship, in south-eastern Poland. It lies approximately  north of Sanok and  south of the regional capital Rzeszów.

"Hic erat olim Manasterium O.S.B.M (Ordo Sancti Basilii Magni) in Monte alto, sed pridem abolitum, cujus rudera solummodo manserunt.

The village has a population of 800.

See also
 Walddeutsche

Similar names
 Trepča Mines

References

Trepcza


peroxide/NO mole ratios of 2.6 and 1.6, respectively. The reactor conditions (500 °C, a pressure of one atmosphere, and 0.7 seconds residence time) are representative of flue gas conditions for a variety of combustion sources. The oxidized NOX species were removed by caustic water scrubbing.essentially orthogonally running surfaces and between the two concave surfaces, and the helically running threaded channel is accessible through such opening. Such a cutout may be produced, for example, in a straightforward manner by milling, for example using a side-milling cutter, with the machine spindle which drives the milling cutter, in turn, running essential parallel to the longitudinal axis of the threaded spindle of the rolling-body screw drive. Although the cutouts for accommodating the deflecting elements are usually machined from both end sides, it is nevertheless possible, for example, to use a clamping device, which can be rotated through 180xc2x0, in a chucking fixture to produce them with the bores which are to be introduced into the threaded nut, without the workpiece having to be reset in the


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		Session aSession = null;
		Transaction tx =a Monday morning and ran through the end of day on Tuesday. Odds are we see something very similar happen in 2020. With all this information, it's likely that we will see Prime Day 2020 start on one of the following dates:

October 5, 2020 (Monday)

October 12, 2020 (Monday)

October 19, 2020 (Monday)

October 26, 2020 (Monday)

Initially we had pegged July 13, 2020 as the date for Prime Day 2020 based on previous year's trends, but that's not likely anymore. Amazon tends to go for a mid-July date each year, so we would think that October 12 is the front runner. A new rumor has pegged Apple's iPhone 12 announcement to be taking place on October 12 as well, which could make for a very interesting day if that lines up.


Day deals will there be?

Amazon will have a few different deal styles running on Prime Day. There are a few different types of deals you can expect to see during the event, including Gold Box deals, Lightning deals, Coupon deals, and direct price drops. Each of these is a little different, so here's what you can expect from each type:

Gold Box Deals of the Day : These are Amazon's daily deals, and generally for these, the company has plenty of stock to fulfill orders on it all day long. We have seen Gold Box deals sell out in the past, but it's far less often that these sell out than the other types of deals.

: These are Amazon's daily deals, and generally for these, the company has plentypart was manually trimmed. The Roche GS Reference Mapper was used to double-check this trimming. The results showed that all contigs were correctly trimmed and circular.

Bioinformatics Analyses of Plasmids and Annotation {#s2g}
--------------------------------------------------

Following the construction of a single contig of each *Arcobacter* plasmid, the sequences were submitted for automatic gene annotation using the Rapid Annotation System Technology (RAST) server (<http://rast.nmpdr.org>) [@pone.0085487-Aziz1]. The annotation is based on subsystems, fully automated service for annotating bacterial and archaeal genomes. The putative coding sequences (CDSs) were identified using GLIMMER2 [@pone.0085487-Delcher1]. The RAST server also allows a comparative analysis using BLAST as tools to perform the analyses of similarity of the putative proteins in NCBI data. Mauve 2.3.1 was used to compare plasmid alignments of the four similar plasmids [@pone.0085487-Darling1].

Results and Discussion {#s3}
======================

Overall, plasmids


                hypothetical protein

A putative protein involved in partitioning ParB/stage 0 sporulation was detected in ORF peg8 and showed 62% similarity to the transcriptional regulator involved in chromosome partitioning ParB in *A. butzleri* JV22. It also showed 62% homology to the plasmid replication-partition related protein in *H. pylori*. A putative zinc metalloproteinase (Mpr) was detected in ORF peg17, showing 58% similarity to the putative zinc metallopeptidase found in *Vibrio tubiashii* and in the conjugative tetracycline resistance plasmid pFBAOT6 detected in *Aeromonas punctata*. A similarity of 52% to the putative zinc metallopeptidase was also detected in different plasmids such as IncN R46 (Escherichia coli) and *Klebsiella pneumonia* plasmids. More ORFs were found in the *A.conjugal transfer protein TraG Like are located respectively in ORFs peg21-22-24-25-26-29 and peg31. VirB4 and VirB11 both contain nucleotide binding domains and exhibit ATPase activity. VirB8, VirB9, and VirB10 are putative pore-forming proteins components of type IV secretion system [@pone.0085487-Stephens1], [@pone.0085487-Christie1], [@pone.0085487-Covacci1]. A similar TraG-like protein was also detected in this plasmid (ORF peg31). This gene was associated with the type IV secretion and also participates in DNA transfer [@pone.0085487-Wilson1] of *C. jejuni* invasion into epithelial cells. Furthermore this TraG-like associated with translocation cytotoxin CagA protein in *H. pylori* [@pone.0085487-Schroder1] and also shows similarity to TraG located in pTet plasmid in *C. jejuni*, which was dispensable for invasion into epithelial cells [@pone.0085487-Bacon1], [@pone.0085487-Batchelor1]. The putative TraG-like protein also shows homology to the coupling protein VirD4 found in *W.


role in the genetic variability and diversity of *Arcobacter.* The putative type IV secretion system could play an important role in gene transfer within *Arcobacter*.

In conclusion, the four small plasmids are good candidates as modified vector to investigate for phenotypic and genotypic analysis to identify their role in arcobacters. The large plasmid could be used for genetic investigation and gene transfer, especially the investigation of the type IV secretion system in the exchange of DNA and protein and also their automobilization. The putative self-mobilizable plasmid (AC1119) could be a potential plasmid to investigate the virulence factors of this strain using *in vitro* models.

[^1]: **Competing Interests:**The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

[^2]: Conceived and designed the experiments: LD DD FVN KH. Performed the experiments: LD FVN KH.Page Tools

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are slightly anisotropic (bond disproportionation $l_l/l_s=$ 1.05) and the  layer mimics scenarios corresponding to negative (compressive) strain (-5% tensile). Note that this bond-disproportionation is comparable to the bulk ambient pressure $C2/m$ structure, and much smaller than the dimerized high-pressure structures [@biesner18; @HentrichPRL2018]. The van der Waals distance between graphene and  is 3.37 Å in both supercells.

![(a) Calculated band structure along the high-symmetry points ($\Gamma$, K, M) of the hexagonal Brillouin zone for zigzag antiferromagnetic /gr in the GGA+SOC+$U$ scheme with $U=$1.5 eV. The insets show zoomed in regions near the Fermi level, $E_F$. (b) Atom projected spin-polarized density of states. The $E_F$ lies slightly above of the upper Hubbard band in the $t_{2g}$ manifold. (c)-(d) Top of side view of charge difference, $\delta \rho $ plot with charge isosurface $5myriad of applications with high tunability for exploring exotic phases and possible technological applications.

We thank Erik A. Henriksen and A. W. Tsen for useful discussion. This project was supported by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) through grant VA117/15-1.


ratio {#sec007}
-------------------------------

NADH/NAD ratio was assessed using NAD/NADH quantitation kit (Sigma-Aldrich). Briefly, bacteria were cultivated at 30°C in LB medium to OD~600~ \~ 0.5, subsequently a sample conaining \~1.25∙10^10^ was added to 25 ml of cold methanol (-80°C) and centrifuged at 10000 g for 5 min at 0°C. Supernatant was removed; pellets were immediately frozen in liquid nitrogen and stored at -80°C no longer than 24h. Prior to measurement, pellets were resuspended in 250 μl of NADH/NAD extraction buffer, sonicated and centrifuged for 5 min at 15000 g. Samples were deproteinized by filtering through 10 kDa cut-off spin filters. 50 μl of samples were measured according to manufacturer's instructions.

Measurement of NADH/NAD ratio in the MG1655 strain containing plasmids overexpressing formate dehydrogenase (*fdh1*) or NADH oxidase (*nox*) genes was performed± SEM of two independent experiments. The values present metabolites' concentration in the cellular extracts prepared from an equal bacterial mass but not their concentration in the bacterial cell volume.](pone.0176050.g006){#pone.0176050.g006}

Taken together, our results indicate that, under nutritional conditions supporting suppression of the *dnaA46* phenotypes, strains lacking the *pta* and *ackA* genes upregulate many stress and starvation response genes, whereas transcription profile of the CCM genes resembles that of strains grown on a poor carbon source like acetate. Changes in the level of pyruvate and 2-oxoglutarate may account for the increased expression of the stress and starvation-response genes in the acetate overflow mutants, due to these metabolites' role in the synthesis of amino acids or function of the PTS system, since both the pyruvate/PEP ratio and the 2-oxoglutarate level