the South adopted their respective Nash equilibrium IPR standards before the TRIPS was put in place, and the TRIPS Agreement requires both regions to adopt the pre-TRIPS IPR standard of the North as a minimum standard. The cost–benefit analysis we adopt is not fundamentally different from Nordhaus’s (1969) classical work in which he calculates the optimal patent length. Like his analysis, our optimal IPR protection strikes an optimal balance between the gains from increased R&D efforts and the deadweight losses resulting from the prolonged monopoly power of the innovators. Based on our analysis, we find that the South’s equilibrium IPR standard is naturally not as strong as that of the North. Moreover, it is globally welfare-improving for the South to raise its IPR standard to harmonize with theby the North. Otherwise, the extra surplus generated from strengthened IPR protection will mostly benefit the North. In that case, if the South has the choice, it would prefer an agreement that binds it to a higher standard than before, but below that of the North. In other words, giving the South an ‘all-or-nothing’ choice in either adopting the North’s IPR standard or maintaining the old standard might diminish the South’s gain from such a negotiation. It seems evident that the South was indeed presented with an ‘all-or-nothing’ choice regarding IPR protection in the Uruguay Round of the GATT negotiations. If this is the case, we can say that the TRIPS Agreement requires the South to give up too much. It is therefore no wonder that many developing


Thursday, 11 August 2011

Sweet Dreams

Ya I have my Mojo back !!!!
I have done this sweet lo of my youngest daughter when she was only 4 Days old.. So I thought I would enter it in the latset Frosted Designs Fabulous Friday Challenge which is to use a medium of clouring eg. pencils textas ect.. So I have used shimmer chalk and a water brush pen to colour in the clouds and rainbow.. The end result is very sweet and soft I think..
Tracy xx

Joy's Life DT Leader

Blog Hop

Followers

Blog Archive

About Me

Hi ya. My name is Tracy, I am a Mother of 3 Beautiful Kids, Luke 11, Abbey 9, and Katie 5. I have been married to my wonderful Husband Jarad for 14 years. I have started this blog (after alotcommit crimes. Those owners also sometimes sell their guns to people who can’t obtain them legally, and those people go on to use them in a criminal context. This practice, called “straw purchasing,” accounts for about 50 percent of all handguns used in crimes that have been traced, according to the Canadian Association of Chiefs of Police.


again (hereinafter referred to as re-boiling phenomenon) should take place, the number of cavitation shocks given to the surface of the heat-generating member is increased. Thus, there is a fear that the durability of the heat-generating member deteriorates.
Also, when the re-boiling phenomenon occurs, it increases the refilling time, which is the time required for filling the flow path with liquid to be used for discharge prior to bubbling. This makes it difficult to repeat liquid discharges at high frequency.
Now, the present invention is designed with a view to solving the problems discussed above. It is an object of the invention to provide a liquid discharge head capable of suppressing the increase in time required for making the transition to the subsequent heating and bubbling for the heat-generating member,bubbling chamber, and a supporting portion for supporting the heat-generating member. Then, for this liquid discharge head, after bubble generation in the liquid by the heat-generating member, the surface temperature of the heat-generating member is made lower than the bubbling temperature at the time of bubble extinction, by heat radiation from the heat-generating member to the supporting portion side.
With the liquid discharge head of the invention thus structured, heat is radiated from the heat-generating member to the supporting portion side subsequent to having liquid bubbled and discharged by the heat-generating member. Thus, the surface temperature of the heat-generating member is made lower than the bubbling temperature at the time of bubble extinction, and the reboiling phenomenon at the time of bubble extinction is suppressed. Also, the liquid discharge


head is arranged so that the heat-generating member is supported in a state of having gaps on both sides from the inner wall faces of the bubbling chamber where liquid is filled. In this way, it is made possible to prevent heat from being diffused in the base that supports the liquid discharge head and in the head supporting portion side. The electric energy supplied to the heat-generating member is converted into bubbling energy efficiently. In this respect, as for the structure that supports the heat-generating member, so long as the structure can support it without closing off the discharge port, it may be possible to support the heat-generating member either in a twin-beam fashion or in a single-beam (cantilever) fashion.
Also, the liquid discharge head of the presentBEAUTY QUEEN: ‘SHE CAST A VERY LARGE SHADOW’

KIRK DOUGLAS AND WIFE ANNE BUYDENS REMAINED DEVOTED, IN LOVE WITH EACH OTHER, SAYS PAL

“Oh God, I do have many,” he said at the time. “You know, Natalie was such a special, marvelous woman and we found each other twice in our lives … how lucky I was."

"I just had such wonderful times with her," he continued. "We have our daughter and we were very lucky to have that happen to us. She was just a marvelous, marvelous light. My light and the light for our children. She was just such a special person.”


= MyModule.createForm('ContactForm');
  contactForm.form.addEventListener("submit", callback, false);  //Modern browsers
}

I am using Google closure for type checking and advance code optimizations.
I want to check if I am following a good object oriented design and practices?
Update 1
;(function(global, doc, lib) {
  var Form = {};

  Form.create = function(name) {
    var form = doc.forms[name];
    if (!form) {
      throw new Error('Form not found.');
    }
    this.formElement = form;
  };

  Form.elements = function() {
    return this.formElement.elements;
  };

  Form.filter = function(attr) {
    return [].slice.call(this.elements()).filter(function(element) {
      return element.hasAttribute(attr);
    });
  };

  Form.getAttributes = function(element) {
    ifprogrammes.

**Jos e Graziano da Silva**

FAO Director-General
Acknowledgements

_The State of Food and Agriculture 2015_ was prepared by members of FAO's Agricultural Development Economics Division (ESA) under the overall leadership of Kostas Stamoulis, Director of ESA, Benjamin Davis, Deputy-Director of ESA and Terri Raney, Senior Economist and Chief Editor (ESA). Additional guidance was provided by Rob Vos, Director of the FAO Social Protection Division (ESP), and Jomo Kwame Sundaram, Assistant Director-General of the Economic and Social Development Department (ESD).

The research and writing team was led by Andre Croppenstedt and Benjamin Davis and included Raffaele Bertini, Sarah Lowder, Terri Raney, Gina Talt and Ellen Wielezynski (ESA). We acknowledge a special debt to John Hoddinott of the International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI).

Several colleagues from throughout FAO provided inputs and/or reviewed the report.


issue of targeting**

A fundamental operational issue to be addressed in bringing the sectors together is targeting interventions. The experience of several countries shows that single or unified registries or unified targeting systems are particularly useful if several programmes have overlapping objectives and target populations.

While the effectiveness of specific programmes is served by better targeting, this need not contradict the universal provision of some form of social protection to all vulnerable people when they need it to avoid long-lasting harm from external shocks.

**Key messages of the report**

  * **Social protection programmes reduce poverty and food insecurity**. Effective targeting and adequate transfers are important determinants of success. Social protection contributes to higher incomes and food security not only by ensuring increases in consumption, but by enhancing a household's abilityinformal sources of credit. Natural resources relate to the quality and stability of the natural environment, such as soil, water and climate conditions.

For most rural households, especially small family farms, production and consumption decisions are closely intertwined, with the family providing most of the labour used on the farm, and consuming part of the output for its own needs. These household production and consumption decisions determine the levels of household income, savings and investment. These, in turn, link households to markets through the sales and purchases of food, inputs, labour and other goods and services. These household and market activities, in turn, influence the stock of physical and financial household assets, allowing them to accumulate in good times or requiring them to liquidate assets to survive.

Social protection programmes


that help the poor and vulnerable, for example in Brazil, Ethiopia, India and Mexico, have given impetus to a reassessment of the value and role of such programmes in combating poverty and hunger, as well as social, economic and political inequality. There has been a rapid expansion of social protection programmes in the last two decades (see Chapter 2).

The concept of social protection emerged in response to the "social safety nets" discourse and agenda of the 1980s and 1990s (HLPE, 2012). Initially seen as a response to shocks, over time, and also in response to the inadequacy of formal social security systems, especially following structural adjustment policies and fiscal crises in many developing countries in the 1980s and 1990s, the notion has broadened to also address chronic poverty.has become commonplace to distinguish "passive" labour market policies from "active" ones, with passive interventions aimed at securing basic rights through, for example, legal frameworks aimed at ensuring minimum standards for employment and work, safeguarding workers' rights in the workplace and active interventions enhancing employability. The available evidence shows that social insurance and labour market programmes tend to benefit higher-income groups (Fiszbein, Kanbur and Yemtsov, 2014).

Social protection is a subset of social policy, which also includes the provision of basic services - in the main, education and health care, but also water and sanitation in low-income countries. Social protection may facilitate access to social services by the poor; for example, school feeding and fee waivers are social protection measures that facilitate access to education. Some schemes, such as


Bank, 2006).

Social protection can therefore help promote overall social and economic development, breaking the cycle of poverty by protecting maternal nutrition and health, which is fundamental for healthy children and adults. To do this effectively, social protection must guarantee incomes and consumption as well as protect and build resilience (see Chapter 3 for more on resilience) against the high degree of risk and vulnerability prevalent in rural areas, particularly in agriculture. Social protection can also protect against risks, such as natural disasters, livestock diseases, climate change, financial crises, global food price hikes, conflict, economic collapse and devastating epidemics such as HIV/AIDS, which are major threats to the welfare of rural households (Dorward _et al_., 2006; Dercon, 2005).

Given this complexity, social protection programmes need to be effectively designed forexpenditures on food consumption, translating into statistically significant increases in caloric intake of 164, 247 and 194 kilocalories per person per day for participants in the IGVGD, FSVGD and FFA programmes, respectively.

Unconditional programmes from sub-Saharan Africa have also shown positive results. The Child Grant model of the Zambia Social Cash Transfer (SCT) programme and the Malawi SCT programme significantly raised the average consumption level of beneficiary households and improved dietary diversity (American Institutes for Research, 2013; Boone _et al_., 2013). For Kenya, Asfaw _et al_. (2014) found that the impact, after two years, of the CT-OVC programme, which transferred a fixed amount, varied by household size. While the programme had no effect on spending for most food consumption categories for larger households, the programme had large, positive and


to take into account women's special role in household food security in much of the world. Traditionally, women bear responsibility for preparing meals and caring for children and other family members. They are also typically responsible for collecting firewood, fuel and water. At the same time, they are farmers and/or contribute labour to the household farm or participate in the labour market. These different responsibilities typically impose heavy burdens on women's time, and often imply trade-offs in how time is allocated, _inter alia_ , for child care. Early public works programmes were heavily criticized for adding to women's burdens, but more recent programmes have been designed to foster women's inclusion.

The Indian MGNREGA programme, for example, was designed to include provision of creche facilities at rural work sites if2) was accompanied by a range of complementary interventions such as nutritional supplements and health care that also contributed to the success of the programme (Ruel and Alderman, 2013; Skoufias, 2005).

School feeding is a common intervention that helps children learn, and can also contribute to improved nutritional status for disadvantaged children. For example, evidence from randomized controlled trials in China, Jamaica and Kenya, found that, over a 19-month period, children fed at school gained an average of 0.39 kg more than those who did not receive supplementary feeding (Kristjansson _et al_., 2006). There is also evidence showing that iron-rich school meals can improve iron nutrition, especially for adolescent girls (Ruel and Alderman, 2013). In Uganda, according to Adelman _et al_. (2008), girls aged 10-13 benefiting from school feeding


labour) increased by 18 points from a baseline share of 23 percent. These investments led to a 50 percent increase in the overall value of agricultural commodities produced, which are primarily sold rather than consumed on-farm. The programme produced a household-level multiplier, with the increase in per capita consumption 25 percent greater than the transfer itself (Daidone, Davis, Dewbre, Gonzalez-Flores _et al.,_ 2014).

Lesotho's CGP led to an increase in crop input use and expenditures, with the share of households using pesticides increasing from 12 to 20 percent. The increase in input use led to an increase in maize production and, for labour-constrained households, in sorghum production, as well as in the frequency of garden plot harvest (Daidone, Davis, Dewbre and Covarrubias, 2014). In Kenya, there were large andon-farm investment, not all social assistance programmes have enhanced off-farm enterprise activity by recipient households. In Nicaragua, for example, participation in the (now discontinued) _Red de Protecci on Social_ programme actually decreased involvement in informal enterprise (Maluccio, 2010), while there were no impacts of cash transfer programmes in Ghana and Lesotho (Handa _et al.,_ 2013; Daidone, Davis, Dewbre and Covarrubias, 2014).

**Social protection influences household labour allocation**

Social protection also has important implications for the allocation of household labour. The income effect produced by the provision of social protection can lead individuals to work less _-_ indeed, this may be the objective for elderly-headed households or for child labour. Individuals may also appear to work less, but instead substitute labour for domestic chores or child care. Further, social protection may


No. 51. Ministry of Agriculture & Cooperatives, Agricultural Consultative Forum, Michigan State University, Lusaka.

**Bynner, J.B. & Paxton, W.** 2001. _The asset effect._ London, Institute for Public Policy Research.

**Carter, M.R.** 1997. Environment, technology, and the social articulation of risk in West African agriculture. _Economic Development and Cultural Change_ , 45(3): 557-590.

**Chirwa, E. & Dorward, A.** 2013. _Agricultural input subsidies. The recent Malawi experience_. Oxford, UK, Oxford University Press.

**Christiaensen, L., Demery, L. & Kuhl, J.** 2011. The (evolving) role of agriculture in poverty reduction: an empirical perspective. _Journal of Development Economics_ , 96(2): 239-254.

**Cirillo, C., Gyori, M. & Soares, F.V.** 2014. The role of targeting in social protection programmes and agriculture interventions: what have we learned so far? Background paper prepared for _The State of Food and Agriculture 2015. Socialdevelopment. _Development Policy Review_ , 19 (4): 507-519.

**Devereux, S.** 2002. Can social safety nets reduce chronic poverty? _Development Policy Review_ , 20(5): 657-675.

**Devereux, S.** 2015. Social protection for rural poverty reduction. Background paper commissioned by the FAO. Rome. Unpublished.

**Devereux, S. & Guenther, B.** 2009. _Agriculture and social protection in Ethiopia_. FAC Research Paper No. 008. Brighton, UK, Future Agricultures Consortium.

**Devereux, S. & Sabates-Wheeler, R.** 2004. _Transformative social protection_. IDS Working Paper No. 232. Brighton, UK, Institute of Development Studies.

**Devereux, S., Sabates-Wheeler, R. & Pascual Martinez, A.** 2010. _Home-grown school feeding and social protection_. HGSF Working Paper Series No. 5. London, The Partnership for Child Development.

**Devereux, S., Sabates-Wheeler, R., Tefera, M. & Taye, H.** 2006. _Ethiopia 's productive safety net programme: trends in PSNP transfers within targeted households. Final


gl.GL_FLOAT, false, 0, 0); // associate 0th vertex attribute with active buffer
        gl.glEnableVertexAttribArray(0); // enable the 0th vertex attribute

        // DRAW POINT
        gl.glDrawArrays(GL2.GL_POINTS, 0, 1);

    }

    @Override
    public void init(GLAutoDrawable drawable) {

        GL2 gl = drawable.getGL().getGL2();

        // CREATE PROGRAM
        glProgram = gl.glCreateProgram();

        // CREATE VERTEX SHADER
        int vertexShader = gl.glCreateShader(GL2.GL_VERTEX_SHADER);
        int geometryShader = gl.glCreateShader(GL2.GL_GEOMETRY_SHADER_BIT);
  String[] readShader(String filename) {

        Vector<String> lines = new Vector<String>();

        try (Stream<String> stream = Files.lines(Paths.get(filename))) {
            stream.forEach(x -> lines.add(x));
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }

        // CONVERT VECTOR TO ARRAY
        Object[] objArray = lines.toArray();
        String[] array = Arrays.copyOf(objArray, objArray.length, String[].class);


try (Stream<String> stream = Files.lines(Paths.get(filename))) {
            stream.forEach(x -> lines.add(x));
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }

        // CONVERT VECTOR TO ARRAY
        Object[] objArray = lines.toArray();
        String[] array = Arrays.copyOf(objArray, objArray.length, String[].class);

        return array;
    }

}

Geometry Shader:

#version 330 core

layout (points) in;
layout (points, max_vertices = 4) out;

void main() {

   ROXBURY, NJ - When Bruce Springsteen sang "Someday we'll look back on this and it will all seem funny," he was talking about forbidden high school love, not forbidden high school motorcycling.

Years from now, the kid who rode a dirt bike through the halls of Roxbury High School today might be able to look back and laugh. For now, he's got a court appearance on his hands.

The incident began at 11:24 a.m., according to Roxbury Police. It ended with charges of simple assault and disorderly conduct.

Sign Up for Roxbury Newsletter Our newsletter delivers the local news that you can trust. This site is protected by reCAPTCHA and the Google Privacy Policy and Terms of Service apply. You have successfully signed up for the TAPinto Roxbury Newsletter.

"A Roxbury High


Introduction {#h0}
============

The importance of Tlr4 in host defense against *Escherichia coli* urinary tract infection (UTI) has been extensively studied in mouse models where the course of infection and immune responses can be studied in animals with normal and defective *Tlr4* alleles (1, 2). Mice from the C3H/HeJ strain have a point mutation in the *Tlr4* gene that makes Tlr4-bearing cells unresponsive to lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and the animals are unable to clear *E. coli* from the bladder up to 14 days after intravesical inoculation ([@B2], [@B3]). Because uroepithelial cells in C3H/HeJ mice do not secrete proinflammatory cytokines normally initiated through the Tlr4, there is a markedly reduced neutrophil influx into the infected bladder. Mouse strains with a functional Tlr4 such as BALB/cAnN, C3H/HeN, and C57BL/6 resolve similarly induced infections within several daysand (C3H/HeJ × BALB/cAnN)F~1~ mice showed that infection susceptibility was a recessive trait ([@B5]). Furthermore, statistical analysis indicated that one or more genes in C3H/HeJ mice were responsible for their inability to clear bladder infections. Third, in a genetic linkage analysis using BALB/cAnN and C3H/HeJ mice, we identified a quantitative trait locus (QTL), *Becis1*, that was significantly associated with the inability of C3H/HeJ female mice to resolve *E. coli* bladder infections ([@B6]). The location of *Becis1* was estimated to be at 29.0 cM on chromosome 4, which is near the *Tlr4* locus at 33.0 cM, suggesting that two distinct genes may contribute to host defense against bladder infection.

The present studies have sought to determine whether the defective *Tlr4* allele present in C3H/HeJ mice could be consistently associated with increased susceptibility or


is strong evidence that alleles of a gene or genes other than *Tlr4* strongly affect resistance or susceptibility to *E. coli* bladder infections in C3H/HeJ, C3H/HeOuJ, and BALB/cAnN mice.

One model to reconcile findings in this study would be one in which a UTI-associated gene with at least two alleles is present in C3H/HeJ, C3H/HeOuJ, and BALB/cAnN mice. An allele conferring resistance to *E. coli* bladder infections would be homozygous in the BALB/cAnN strain. An allele associated with an impaired ability to resolve infections would be homozygous in C3H/HeJ, C3H/HeOuJ, and (C3H/HeOuJ × C3H/HeJ) mice. Because heterozygous offspring of a cross between BALB/cAnN and C3H/HeJ mice were able to effectively clear induced *E. coli* bladder infections, infection resistance would be considered a dominant trait. The infection-susceptible allele in this model would beimmune responses in infection resolution, the results presented here and in other studies support the view that *Tlr4* is not the sole determinant of resistance or susceptibility to *E. coli* bladder infections in mice. Rather, there is good evidence that another gene on chromosome 4 has alleles that strongly influence whether an induced *E. coli* bladder infection will be successfully resolved.

These studies have important implications for investigations using C3H/HeJ mice to study the role of Tlr4 in resolution of infections in organ systems other than the urinary tract. For example, comparisons between C3H/HeJ and Tlr4-normal strains have provided model systems with which to study host defense mechanisms against *Neisseria meningitidis* bacteremia ([@B14]), *Haemophilus influenzae* pulmonary infections ([@B15]), and lethal *Salmonella enterica* serovar Typhimurium infection ([@B16]). Although the defective Tlr4 likely plays a


role in susceptibility to bacterial infections in models using C3H/HeJ mice, the studies reported here strongly indicate the presence of multiple genetic factors in host defense against infections caused by *E. coli* and, potentially, other types of bacteria. This view is consistent with the multigenic nature of susceptibility or resistance to infections documented in several mouse models ([@B17]). Thus, it is important to consider genes acting individually or together with *Tlr4* when using C3H/HeJ mice in models of infectious diseases.

**Citation**Suhs KA, Marthaler BR, Welch RA, Hopkins WJ. 2011. Lack of association between the *Tlr4* (*Lps^d^/Lps^d^*) genotype and increased susceptibility to *Escherichia coli* bladder infections in female C3H/HeJ mice. mBio 2(3):e00094-11. doi:10.1128/mBio.00094-11.

This work was supported by grant DK061574 from the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases.

[^1]: **Editor**you will be sent a User Name and User ID by email.
See Register for more details.

Unregistered use of "Wise Telnet & Serial Terminal" after the 30 day
evaluation period is in violation of international copyright laws.

Distribution

Provided that you verify that you are distributing the evaluation
version (select About from the "Wise Telnet & Serial Terminal" Help
menu to check) you are hereby licensed to make as many copies of
the evaluation version of this software and documentation as you wish;
give exact copies of the original evaluation version to anyone; and
distribute the evaluation version of the software and documentation in
its unmodified form via electronic means. There is no charge for any
of the above.

You are specifically prohibited from charging, or requesting
donations, for any such copies, however made; and from
distributing the software and/or documentation with


local and national media, falsely suggesting Russia is backing Moore’s candidacy.

“Russian invasion? Roy Moore sees spike in Twitter followers from land of Putin,” read the headline of an article at The Montgomery Advertiser, just months before the election night. Other outlets shortly picked up the story.

The Washington Post, meanwhile, pointed out that the Moore campaign accused the Jones campaign and Democratic operatives of “pulling a political stunt on Twitter and alerting their friends in the media.

Moore's bid for Senate was later clouded by allegations of inappropriate sexual conduct with teenage girls while he was in his 30s. One woman alleged that Moore had her touch him in private areas when she was just 14.

It remains unclear if the Facebook page or the fake Russian accounts amplified the allegationssedentaria up and down the water column? The answer appears to be: nothing. As the webpage of Sönke Johnsen’s lab at Duke University puts it, the “house” is nothing more than “a hollowed-out salp test” (the test is the salp’s “shell”). This suggests to me that the salp has died or discarded the test, and the amphipod simply takes up residence, like a hermit crab.

Things are in fact more complicated, more fascinating and more gruesome.

In 1978 Philippe Laval from Villefranche in France, measured 70 “houses” fished up from the sea off Nice and subjected his findings to some complicated statistical analysis. He found that the houses broke down into five groups and belonged to either salps or pyrosomes (another form of tunicate that can bioluminesce).

Amazingly, it seems that


the “house” is actually sculpted by the amphipod:

“It was shown that all the tissues were carefully removed by the amphipod (in salps as in pyrosomes), leaving only the tunic. (…) The inner surface is generally scraped off, perhaps to eliminate decomposing secondary ascidiozooids remaining in the test after zooid extraction. The inner surface is extremely smooth, as though finished with a fine cutting tool on a lathe. This could explain, besides the high variability, why principal component analysis did not disclose distinct groups of barrels. The inside is always made hollower in the middle, so that the wall is thicker at both ends. Less rigidity in the middle could produce the swelling leading to the barrel-like shape, but there could be also a mechanical distention by the rotatingof which the learning rate and momentum were set to 0.03 and 0.9, respectively. In total, the neural network was trained for 200 epochs from scratch.

The training results were briefly summarized in Table \[tab:loss\_2nd\]. It is seen that the MSE for $\boldsymbol{C}_x$ is slightly larger than that for $\boldsymbol{C}_y$. This is because when collecting the data, the car moved on the ground surface in a horizontal manner. As a result, the coordinate $y_{im}$ was always within a small range while the coordinate $x_{im}$ changed a lot as the car moved. One observes that the validation loss for $\boldsymbol{C}_p$ is noticeably larger than the training loss compared to those for $\boldsymbol{C}_x$ and $\boldsymbol{C}_y$. This might be due to the fact that the segmentation problem for $\boldsymbol{C}_p$ is difficult to train


DBIA National HQ Snapshot

Save the Date- Members-Only Q&A on our Strategic Direction:DBIA’s national leadership will host a special, interactive webinar on Wednesday, February 10th at 1:30pm ET to discuss the current state of design-build, DBIA’s new strategic direction, and goals for implementing the strategic direction. Speakers include Executive Director/CEO Lisa Washington, Immediate Past Board Chair Peter Kinsley and 2016 Board Chair Bill Quatman. While only available to DBIA members, the webinar is eligible for one CEU credit for DBIA or Assoc. DBIA certification holders. More information:Geoff Corey, 202-454-7531.

Transportation Leadership Awards: The Transportation Committee is looking for nominations to recognize individuals and organizations that are actively promoting design-build in the transportation sector. Additional information and requirements are available here; the deadline to submit is February 15th.More information: Allison Leisner,towards a better life. Whatever a better life may entail for you specifically, we are confident
that we can help pave the way. When it comes to helping you achieve your
personal immigration matters, our Fort Lauderdale attorneys possess the
required legal knowledge, trial experience, and qualified skills that
are all needed to get the job done.

We consistently strive to ensure that our clients are completely informed
of their rights throughout every stage of their case development. Our
compassionate lawyers provide you with information, reassurance, and guidance
that can encourage you to make empowered decisions to secure a brighter,
better, more lucrative future in America.

Contact Our Treasure Coast Immigration Firm for a Consultation

Don't lose your chance at achieving the American Dream. At The Law
Offices of Gaston and Mentor, PLLC, we completely understand just how
overwhelming the immigration


Q:

Geometric interpretation of Euler's identity for homogeneous functions

A function $f: \mathbb{R}^n \rightarrow \mathbb{R}$ is called homogeneous of degree $d \geq 0$ if $$f(\lambda x_1, \ldots, \lambda x_n ) = \lambda^d f(x_1, \ldots, x_n)$$  Differentiating both sides with respect to $\lambda$ and then plugging in $\lambda=1$, we obtain the following equality:
$$ \sum_{i=1}^n x_i \frac{ \partial f}{\partial x_i}(x_1, \ldots, x_n) = d \cdot f(x_1, \ldots, x_n) $$ This equation is usually called "Euler's identity." It feels it should have a clean geometrical interpretation, but I'm blanking out on what it might be.

A:

Think at it in spherical polar coordinates. For any $0\ne x\in \mathbb{R}^n$, write
$$
x=r\omega,
$$
where $r=\lvert x\rvert$ and $\omega=x/\lvert x\rvert$. The function $f\colon \mathbb R^n\to \mathbb R$ is $d$-homogeneous if and only if
$$\tag{1}
f(r\omega)=r^d f(\omega),$$
and the operatorhome with her child being fed up with such a boring husband.
One day, his boss tells him to go to a speech class but he can't get
along with a female instructor and soon quits the …

Hosted by Marc Ellis - who is himself a Guinness World Record holder -
NZ Smashes Guinness World Records brings the legendary record book alive
with the craziest, funniest and sometimes even downright dangerous world
record attempts! From cramming people in a Mini to crashing through
panes of glass, ordinary New Zealanders …

Actor Harry Lloyd hasn't been in the spotlight since he was killed off
in Season 1 of the hit series Game of Thrones. In order to regain his
crown he turns to social media, where he finds himself followed by the
most Supreme Tweeter.

1978 marked the beginning of


the remainder when 198898 is divided by 196255.
2643
Calculate the remainder when 589767710 is divided by 2056.
2054
What is the remainder when 1483505 is divided by 9633?
23
What is the remainder when 4096912 is divided by 559?
1
Calculate the remainder when 10319095 is divided by 80.
55
Calculate the remainder when 43825886 is divided by 18185.
36
What is the remainder when 40361 is divided by 164?
17
Calculate the remainder when 782102 is divided by 747.
740
Calculate the remainder when 10954136 is divided by 20865.
11
Calculate the remainder when 28390494 is divided by 5.
4
Calculate the remainder when 245291 is divided by 494.
267
What is the remainder when 1841338 is divided by 524?
2
What is the remainder when 5920408 is divided by 18?
10
What is the remainder when 170850 is divided by 1941?
42
Calculate the remainder when 15159 is divided by 14049.
1110
Calculate the remainderin the US.

In the mean time more severe snowfall all the night brought more difficulties to survivors of the 9.0-magnitude earthquake and tsunami, but all ending hopes of searching anybody else alive in the debris. The latest figures shows about 6,400 people have been confirmed deaths and about 10,200 are still listed missing.

On Friday people crossways Japan observed one minute's silence at 14:46 (0546 GMT), precisely one week after the disaster. As the country silenced to memorize, relief workers working very hard in the wrecks bowed their heads, while old survivors in emigration centers swept.

Yukiya Amano, the chief executive of the International Atomic Energy Agency, reached in Tokyo and said in his remarks the Fukushima calamity was a "race against the time" Mr. Amano, who is also a


Christmas time as a missionary is the best! People are a lot more receptive to us and are more willing to meet with us. We had to drop a few people this week, which was really hard. It always breaks my heart when we have to drop people because they aren't progressing. We went tracting this week a few times in the pouring rain. I actually really love it! I don't think I will ever get tired of the rain. Thankfully I got a good raincoat so getting wet is the least of my worries :) I now know why missionaries gain so much weight. People won't stop feeding us. On Saturday one of our recent concerts fed us dinner. She still hasn't told her mom that sheCHILDREN in fancy dress packed West Howe’s new community cinema on Sunday for a special screening of hit Disney film Frozen.

The free event was held at the Henry Brown Youth Centre, where a 14ft projector was installed following a long-running campaign by Cllr Roger Marley.

The 73-year-old, who once ran Bournemouth’s ABC cinema, invited families to the 180-seat venue and encouraged them to sing along to the film’s catchy soundtrack.

It comes after he won financial backing for the project from the Big Lottery Fund and the Regeneration Partnership for West Howe.

“It’s been fantastic and all the seats have gone,” said Cllr Marley.

“It’s wonderful to see all the children here and it is one of those films where they start singing along from the start.

“I was brought up with the


-4 + j. Solve u*t = y*t for t.
0
Suppose 4*p + 32 = 4*h, -36*h + 31*h + 13 = 4*p. Let d be (-2)/(-3)*(3 - 0). Suppose -v = -d*v. Solve v = 3*n - h + 2 for n.
1
Let o(b) = 186*b - 1046. Let h be o(6). Solve h = -23*t + 33*t for t.
7
Suppose g - 829 = -2*i, 0 = -4*g + 9 + 3. Let p = 434 - i. Solve 7*f - 7 = p for f.
4
Suppose 2*x = -3*r + 71, 1371*r - 31 = -x + 1368*r. Solve x*f + 52 = -228 for f.
-7
Let q be ((-6)/9)/((-50)/1275). Suppose -2*p - 14 + 6 = 0, q = l + 2*p. Solve l*h - 24*h = 2 for h.
2
Suppose0. Let q = 5 - p. Let y = q + -14. Solve -d = y + 3 for d.
-5
Let q(m) = -m**3 - 5*m**2 + 6*m - 12. Let l be q(-6). Let t be 7*(l/7 - -2). Suppose -120*r + 1188 = 177*r. Solve -t*x = -r*x - 6 for x.
-3
Let g be (-24)/42 + 1 + (-55)/(-35). Solve g*j + 7 = 5 for j.
-1
Let s be 12/(-126) - (-642)/126. Suppose 28 - 53 = -s*h. Solve 0 = 5*z + h for z.
-1
Suppose 91 = -6*y + 115. Let c(z) = -z - 2. Let u be c(-4). Suppose -2*b = u*r - r - 7, b - 6 = -3*r. Solve -b*v = 1 - y for v.
1
Let q(x) = -205*x**2 -


we held that a stevedore has an obligation to remove a known defect or notify the shipowner of it. This doctrine is obviously inapplicable where, as here, the stevedore had no knowledge of the dangerous condition. A/S J. Ludwig Mowinckels Rederi discussed why admiralty rules should apply to maritime contracts containing indemnity agreements identical with that in Porello and reaffirmed the rule of that case that indemnification under such an arrangement would be required even if the indemnitee were also at fault. Booth S.S. Co. dealt with a situation in which neither party to an unwritten contract to overhaul a ship's engines was at fault. Judge Lumbard, writing for a unanimous court and stressing policy considerations of the kind subsequently emphasized in DeGioia v. U. S. Lines Co.,1. Field of the Invention
This invention relates to a resin-sealing apparatus for sealing electronic parts such as semiconductor elements with resin.
2. Description of the Prior Art
Heretofore, for example, in the case that electronic parts such as highly integrated semiconductor elements are resin-sealed, an apparatus that is operated as described herein under has been used. In detail, electronic parts are placed at the predetermined position in a plurality of cavities formed in a mold unit comprising a movable top mold and a fixed bottom mold, resin tablets are melted in a common pot, the molten resin is extruded and injected by a plunger into the cavities through runners and gates that communicate to the pot to thereby cover and seal the electronic parts in the predetermined configuration with resin.
In


21*m + 4*f + 20 = 25*m for m.
1
Let j(a) = -3*a**3 + 24*a**2 + 16*a - 124. Let z be j(8). Solve -2 = 6*b + z*w, 0 = 31*b - 29*b - 4*w - 10 for b.
1
Suppose 0 = 2*m - 31 + 293. Let o = m - -133. Solve p + 2 = -2*v, 0 = p + v - 0 + o for p.
-2
Let c = -78 - -86. Suppose 0 = c*i - 11 - 93. Solve -12 = -3*m, 4*m - 2*m = r + i for r.
-5
Let i = 19684 - 19680. Solve -3*t + i*z - 3 = 0, -t - 1 = 3*z + 13 for t.
-5
Suppose -a + 11*v + 14 = 7*v, a + 7 =-3*v. Suppose -5*r - 14 = a*n - 0, -3*n + 5*r + 29 = 0. Solve 5*c + 12 = l, -3*l + 0*c = n*c for l.
2
Suppose -4*l = -5*t + 40, 30*l + 5*t = 33*l + 40. Solve -3*m - 4*b = -l*b - 6, 4*m + 5 = -b for m.
-2
Let r be (1 + 1)*(-8)/(-16). Let d be r + (-8)/(-6)*27/18. Solve -m + 4*f + 4 = d*f, -2*m - 2*f + 8 = 0 for m.
4
Let j be -2 + -14*(720/(-70))/6. Solve 2*c + 22 = -6*r, j*c - 23*c + 13 = -3*r for c.
1
Let i = -232 - -50. Let u = 182 + i. Solve u = -8*a + 3*a - 2*z - 20, -3 = 4*a


U.S. personnel. The United States recently downsized its force in Kuwait, but four U.S. infantry bases remain, including Camp Patriot, which is believed to house about 3,000 U.S. soldiers and two air bases.

The United States plans to further expand its regional military presence in the near future. As CENTCOM recently announced, the country will be sending the latest U.S. antimissile systems to at least four Gulf states. These are new versions of the Patriot anti-missile batteries that the United States already sent to the region and are meant to assuage the Gulf rulers’ fears of Iranian missile attacks. Tellingly, the announcement did not reveal exactly which states had agreed to take the U.S. weapons. Yet analysts widely assume that the unnamed states are Bahrain, Kuwait, Qatar, and thebitter that one monarchy has tried to alter the course of dynastic succession in another. Following the death of a ruler or a petty internal dispute in one monarchy, it is now commonplace for neighboring monarchs to interfere, either by discreetly backing a preferred candidate, or, in the more extreme cases, by sponsoring a coup d’état. The resulting power vacuums have often allowed foreign powers to interfere as well.

The best example of a modern-day coup and subsequent foreign interference took place in the UAE’s northernmost emirate of Ras al-Khaimah. In 2003, after allegedly burning an American flag at an anti-Iraq war demonstration, Prince Sheikh Khalid bin Saqr al-Qasimi, the emirate’s long-serving crown prince, was replaced in the order of succession by a younger half-brother, Sheikh Saud bin Saqr


deposed prince, who was still in exile, enlisted a U.S. public relations firm and a British lawyer to conduct an international media campaign to persuade Abu Dhabi and the international community that the incumbent crown prince was a liability.

The campaign focused on Saud’s apparent connections to Tehran, claiming that his effective deputy -- a Shia Lebanese businessman -- had major commercial interests, including factories, in the Islamic Republic. In 2009, the campaign even claimed that Iranian customs officers had been visiting Ras al-Khaimah’s port and that the emirate was serving as a conduit for nuclear materials destined for Iran. Local media alleged that recent terror plots there, including a 2009 attempt to blow up Dubai’s incomplete Burj Khalifa skyscraper, had originated in Ras al-Khaimah. The exiled crown princeIntroduction {#s1}
============

Many cell functions are under the regulatory control of the Src family of tyrosine kinases (SFKs). These multidomain kinases are typically localized to the plasma membrane in their active forms where they phosphorylate numerous protein substrates associated with cell growth, differentiation, adhesion, motility and invasion [@pcbi.1003188-Thomas1]--[@pcbi.1003188-DiFlorio1]. In healthy cells, SFKs are under tight regulatory control and are only transiently activated upon stimulation; however, Src, the prototype for the SFKs, is often overexpressed or unregulated in many cancers and accordingly is targeted for drug chemotherapy [@pcbi.1003188-Brown1]--[@pcbi.1003188-Frame1]. The modular Src Homology (SH) SH2 and SH3 domains in SFKs assist in keeping such tight intramolecular control over kinase activity [@pcbi.1003188-SeidelDugan1].

In addition to the auto regulatory function of the SH domains, the C-terminal Src Kinase (Csk) serves as the master regulator


domains ([Figure 1A](#pcbi-1003188-g001){ref-type="fig"}) [@pcbi.1003188-Cole1]. A notable difference between SFKs and Csk is the tertiary arrangement of the SH domains [@pcbi.1003188-Ia1] and the absence of activation loop phosphorylation in Csk. The kinase domain of Csk requires activation by the peripheral motifs and SH2 and SH3 domains, whereas these domains are important for localization and activity repression in SFKs via binding the phosphorylated tail [@pcbi.1003188-Ia1]. Biochemical and structural characterization of SH2 and SH3 modules of many proteins is abundant in the literature as these domains have been utilized extensively to investigate protein folding and stability [@pcbi.1003188-Tollinger1]--[@pcbi.1003188-Filippakopoulos1], thus providing a rich database that enables further nuanced exploration. Recently, discoveries of unique and non-canonical modes of intramolecular dynamic regulation by these domains [@pcbi.1003188-Jankowski1] may be taken as evidence that our understanding ofclassical approach taken in previous studies is based on modifying predicted or known interdomain contacts between the SH modules on one hand and the kinase domain on the other [@pcbi.1003188-Sondhi1]--[@pcbi.1003188-Mikkola1]. These studies successfully identified several key residues and motifs essential for relaying signals from peripheral regions to the active site. The SH2 domain is central to Csk\'s function whether it is direct activation via the small kinase lobe interactions on the interface [@pcbi.1003188-Lin1], [@pcbi.1003188-Mikkola1] or the binding of phosphotyrosine ligands like Csk Binding Protein (PAG/CBP) that was shown to transmit its activating signal via the SH2-Kinase linker [@pcbi.1003188-Wong1]. In addition, mammalian Pragmin and bacterial peptide effectors possessing the EPIYA sequence competitively interact with Csk via the SH2 domain and binding of the bacterial motifs may lead to Csk\'s


the global fold of the isolated SH2 domain or full length Csk. However, the double glycine insertion in the SH2 domain loop at a site greater than 45 Å from the active site reduces the catalytic activity. Given that PAG/CBP\'s interaction with wild type Csk via the SH2 domain does not affect the catalytic rate but the apparent affinity of Csk towards Src is increased [@pcbi.1003188-Wong1], the SH2 domain can potentially serve both as a hub for *activating* and *deactivating* the kinase. Taken together, we show experimentally that a seemingly subtle distal perturbation to the framework of the enzyme can lead to reduction in catalytic activity while our computational methods outline the network paths that may facilitate such long-range communication between remote regions in the enzyme.

Results/Discussion {#s2}
==================

Stability andmight be expected but revealed as a more complex mix of faster exchange together with unaffected as well as stabilized sites within the central beta sheet and interacting α-helices. This behavior was also observed previously in another context, and may be a reflection of the unique role of Csk\'s SH2 domain in relaying information from the periphery to the central active site within the intact kinase [@pcbi.1003188-Mills1], [@pcbi.1003188-Wong2]. In an effort to determine whether incorporation of the Gly-Gly insertion into the SH2 domain in the *full length protein* altered the conformation of the kinase, circular dichroism (where the signal is dominated by the large lobe of the kinase domain) and further native state HDx studies (see below) were conducted. The data indicate the full length kinase\'s helical content


Gray blocks indicate absence of reliable probes for that part of the sequence. Peptide identification and analysis were performed after combining two independent pools of generated peptides for each of the wild type and variant Csk for verification.](pcbi.1003188.g003){#pcbi-1003188-g003}

![Effects of CD loop elongation on Time-dependent solvent Deuterium incorporation into Csk peptide probes.\
Deuterium incorporation into several probes in wild type (circle) and variant (square) Csk is plotted as a function of time. Data were obtained over time courses of 1440 minutes in deuterated buffer. Only relevant time frames are displayed for comparison and clarity. In general, a probe mass difference of 1 deuteron is considered significant between wild type and the variant if observed in at least two time points. Peptide identification and analysis were performed after combining two independentbackbone N-H group of Cys122 and the carbonyl backbone of Lys125. These bonds formed only transiently during the wild type simulations likely because of the shorter CD turn. While the short loop length in wild type may contribute to strain leading to higher RMSF values in the wild type, the formation of local backbone loop contacts may explain the corresponding loss of protection upon Gly-Gly insertion, which would allow for longer exposure of *surrounding* amide protons to solvent. Stabilizing effects are seen in other regions that correspond to distal motifs and are part of the catalytic machinery. Such long-range coupled effects underlie the intrinsic cross-domain communications that are integral to Csk\'s function as a multidomain enzyme [@pcbi.1003188-Ia1]. Notably, the conserved Arg313 of the catalytic loop (*i*−1 to the


was solvated in a cubic box and additional Na^+^ and Cl^−^ ions were added to achieve 150 mM physiological conditions. The variant structure was generated by inserting two glycine residues between Gly124 and Lys125. The reduced conditions were modeled by defining residues 122 and 164 as Cys residues. The water was modeled with the 4-particle TIP4P-Ew force field [@pcbi.1003188-Horn1], which was previously shown to better describe the rotational motion of proteins [@pcbi.1003188-Wong4] than the related 3-particle water model, TIP3P [@pcbi.1003188-Jorgensen1]. SHAKE was applied to all bonds involving hydrogen atoms [@pcbi.1003188-Lippert1]. Minimization was applied to the resulting structure to remove any clashes. Harmonic positional restraints of strength 10 kcal/mol/Å^2^ were applied to the protein backbone atoms, keeping the pressure at 1 atm and increasing the temperature from 10 KWe also thank Dr. Kendra Hailey for assistance with the Hydrogen-Deuterium Exchange experiments and perceptive discussions and comments; and Dr. Brandon Aubol for assistance with the kinase assays. Dedicated to the memory of Virgil Woods.

[^1]: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

[^2]: Conceived and designed the experiments: SB LCTP MLM JAA PAJ. Performed the experiments: SB LCTP MLM SL. Analyzed the data: SB LCTP JAA PAJ. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: SL VLW RCW JAA PAJ. Wrote the paper: SB LCTP RCW JAA PAJ.

[^3]: Current address: Schrodinger, Inc, New York, New York, United States of America.


be w(18). Let p(c) = c + 3 + 1 - 5 + c**l. Determine r*t(g) - 2*p(g).
-g**2
Let u(j) = -4*j - 6*j + 2 + 7. Let z(l) be the first derivative of -l**2/2 + l - 4206. What is 2*u(s) - 18*z(s)?
-2*s
Let n(o) = -o + 3. Let k(s) be the third derivative of 2*s**3/3 + 2*s**2. Let t be 4/42 - (2 - 396/(-189)). Give t*n(x) + 3*k(x).
4*x
Let u(t) = -13*t**3 + 8*t**2 + 209*t. Let l(y) = 8*y**3 - 5*y**2 - 139*y. Give 8*l(c) + 5*u(c).
-c**3 - 67*c
Let b(i) = i**3 - i**2 + i + 1. Suppose 0 = 7*y - 6*y - 2. Let h(l) = -5494 - l**y + 3*l**3 + l + 5494. Give -b(m) + h(m).
2*m**3 - 1
Let t(c)emerging from the meeting around 10:30 p.m. all agreed that more meetings would have to happen tomorrow, and that whatever semblance of “progress” they were touting tonight wasn’t anywhere close to the slam-dunk Republicans were praying to happen before recess.

Throughout the day, Trump administration officials roamed the halls of Capitol Hill on Tuesday afternoon. Mulvaney patrolled the House floor; Pence sat in on a weekly meeting between members of the major House caucuses, including the hardline-conservative Freedom Caucus and the moderate Tuesday Group and House Speaker Paul Ryan, as Republican members anxiously awaited language from a revised version of the American Health Care Act that went down in flames just 11 days ago. The bill was torpedoed, not just by opposition from staunch conservatives, but also more moderate


the Trump White House was hardly jubilant, either. Despite the spin coming out of Republican offices that groups are on the cusp of a major breakthrough or that (stunningly!) House Republicans could be voting on a new, shinier bill before the end of this work week, conservatives involved in the process concede in private to having nothing more than “very cautious optimism”—with a long road ahead—at best, and fatalism at worst.

"’Zombie Trumpcare’ is exactly that: a zombie—slow-moving, disintegrating,” one House Republican aide messaged The Daily Beast on Tuesday morning.Homologous series

In the field of organic chemistry, a homologous series is a series of compounds with the same functional group and similar chemical properties in which the members of the series can be branched or unbranched. This can be the length of a carbon chain, for example in the straight-chained alkanes (paraffins), or it could be the number of monomers in a homopolymer such as amylose.

Compounds within a homologous series typically have a fixed set of functional groups that gives them similar chemical and physical properties. (For example, the series of primary straight-chained alcohols has a hydroxyl at the end of the carbon chain.) These properties typically change gradually along the series, and the changes can often be explained by mere differences in molecular size and mass.
The name


c.
Bužim Fort, 12th–15th c.
Doboj Fortress, 13th–15th c.
Glamoč Fortress, 14th c.–?
Hodidjed, –15th c.
Jajce Fortress, 14th c.–?
Komotin Fort, 14th c.–?
Maglaj Fortress, 14th c.–?
Visoko, 14th c.–1503
Srebrenik Fortress, 14th c.–?
Zvornik Fortress, 13th c.–?

Religious buildings

Places of worship built before Ottoman conquest of medieval Bosnian Kingdom and abolition of the state in 1463.

Orthodox

Dobrićevo Monastery
Dobrun Monastery
Sase Monastery

Catholic

Kraljeva Sutjeska Monastery
St. Mary's Church
St. Nikola Church (ruins)

Islamic

Fethija (1266/1592)
Emperor's Mosque (1457)
Mehmed II Fatih Mosque in Kraljeva Sutjeska (1463)
Šerefudin's White Mosque (1477/1980)
Dživar Mosque, Trebinje (1512)
Sultan-Sulejmanova Mosque, Blagaj (1520)
Muslihudin Čekrekčija Mosque (1526)

See also
Bosnian Cyrillic
Stećak
Bosnian Church

References

Sources
Primary sources

Secondary sources

External links

 *for expression of optogenetic proteins in the target cells, tissues and organs. Finally, we will focus on the potential applications of optogenetics for cardiovascular research and medicine and will conclude with some considerations for the translation of the field for clinical therapies.

Optogenetic Proteins {#s2}
====================

Background
----------

All organisms from archaebacteria to humans express photoreceptor proteins, called rhodopsins, which provide them the unique ability to "sense and respond" to light (Kato et al., [@B50]; Ernst et al., [@B29]). However, based on the primary sequence and mode of action, opsins are categorized as microbial (type I) opsins and animal (type II) opsins; the former type is found in microbes, such as archaea, eubacteria, fungi, and algae, and the latter is found in animals and humans (Kato et al., [@B50]). Microbial opsins include light-driven


higher tissue penetrability (ReaChR) (Boyle et al., [@B12]). For instance, several red-shifted ChR variants have been engineered since ChR2 typically show excitation maximum at 460 nm (Guru et al., [@B38]). The first identified red-shifted opsin variant VChR1, discovered in *Volvox carteri*, shows maximum excitation at 535 nm; however, it is of limited utility due to its reduced membrane trafficking and low photosensitivity in mammalian systems (Lin et al., [@B57]; Guru et al., [@B38]). To address such limitations, Lin et al. ([@B57]) engineered red-activatable channel rhodopsin (ReaChR) by using VChR1 as a template and making several substitutions and mutations in the protein domain to obtain improved red-shifted opsin variant with enhanced membrane trafficking, faster kinetics, improved photosensitivity, and a significantly higher red-shift (maximum response \~590--630 nm excitation). Interestingly, theyengineered GCaMP-X, a GCaMP variant having additional apoCaM-binding protection motif and an extra tag for specific subcellular localization in the conventional GCaMP, and demonstrated the robustness of the new variant which does not disrupt calcium signaling (Yang et al., [@B98]). Similarly, several variants of voltage sensors are evolving to improve the kinetics, sensitivity, and reduce the signal artifacts when compared to the results of the conventional voltage sensors (Mei and Zhang, [@B63]; Xu et al., [@B97]). GEVIs, based on VSD of *C. intestinalis*, have evolved in various versions, such as from conventional conjugation with FRET pairs (e.g., VSFP2.1and VSFP 2.3 for nullifying motion and blood flow artifacts) to conjugation with single fluorescent protein (for overcoming the broad spectrum barriers associated with FRET system) and now further to mutations


in gene delivery (Wasala et al., [@B93]). Nevertheless, viruses are prone to cause disease, inflammation, toxicity, and mutagenesis when used during gene delivery. Thus newer strategies are focused to utilize viral invasion ability but limit viral concerns by segregating viral components into multiple constructs (Vannucci et al., [@B91]). Other strategies, such as "tandem-cell unit" (TCU), are investigating the utility of *in vivo* delivery of donor cells, such as stem cells or non-excitable cells expressing optogenetic proteins, for electrical coupling to the native cardiomyocytes and allowing optical control of the cardiomyocytes or intact heart using exogenously supplied photosensitive cells (Jia et al., [@B46]).

Plasmid-Mediated Opsin Expression
---------------------------------

Plasmids are extrachromosomal circular DNA molecules (sizes \<1 kbp to \>200 kbp) and possess ability to replicate independent of the host genome (Cooper et al.,integration, reducing their therapeutic efficiency (Hardee et al., [@B40]), or may pose safety concerns due to high voltage requirements with electroporation (Williams and Kingston, [@B96]). Hence, plasmids are widely engineered to carry viral components for efficient opsin expression, examples of which are detailed in the subsequent sections.

Viral Vector-Mediated Opsin Expression
--------------------------------------

### Adenovirus

Adenoviruses host linear double-stranded DNA, with \~30-kb of the genome, and measure \~70--100 nm (Wasala et al., [@B93]; Lentz et al., [@B55]). Applications of recombinant adenovirus for cardiac gene delivery started in the 1990s and have been applied in animal studies and humans (Wasala et al., [@B93]). These viruses are more efficient than plasmids for cardiac gene therapy and do not integrate with the host genome (Wasala et al., [@B93]; Lentz et al., [@B55]). However, prime concerns impeding


with all viral components removed except the encapsidation signal (psi) and Rev recognition element (RRE) required for the export of vector and transfer of un-spliced mRNA from nucleus to cytoplasm (Durand and Cimarelli, [@B26]; Vannucci et al., [@B91]). In the second generation, the vector is minimally modified while the packaging construct is devoid of accessory genes (such as vif, vpr, vpu, and nef that add no advantage for vector production) but includes Tat and Rev; Tat is required for LTR-driven transcription and Rev is needed for mRNA transport (Dull et al., [@B25]; Durand and Cimarelli, [@B26]; Milone and O\'doherty, [@B65]). In the third generation, the vector is made replication-incompetent and self-inactivating (SIN) type by deleting U3 region of 5′LTR (to prevent promoter activity of 5′LTR) and replacing itelements which may not be applicable with some gene delivery methods with limited packaging length, such as AAV and lentivirus (\~2 kb for AAV and \~5 kb for lentivirus; Mei and Zhang, [@B63]; Guru et al., [@B38]). To eliminate such shortcomings, strong ubiquitous promoters are utilized for high opsin expression but the expression is made site-specific by using conditional expression systems, such as Cre recombinase (Mei and Zhang, [@B63]; Guru et al., [@B38]). Thus, when viral vectors containing "floxed-stop" or "floxed-inverse" cassettes are delivered, only the targeted cells, expressing the Cre recombinase, will correct the orientation and allow expression of the targeted gene, which enables cell-specific high expression (Madisen et al., [@B60]; Guru et al., [@B38]). For instance, Zaglia et al. ([@B101]) selectively expressed ChR2 either on working


4](#F4){ref-type="fig"}; Govorunova et al., [@B34]). These results suggest that optogenetics potentially provide therapeutic mechanisms in treating heart diseases arising from altered electrophysiology, such as long QT syndrome. Many lethal arrhythmias are result of pathological changes in action potential duration and very few drugs are capable of addressing such issues without significant side effects (Park et al., [@B76]; Govorunova et al., [@B34]; Boyle et al., [@B12]). Thus, optogenetics can be explored as a novel tool to modulate electrophysiological functions, mimic heart diseases and potentially treat such outcomes.

![Optogenetic manipulation of action potential duration using light stimuli of an appropriate wavelength. Action potential duration of ChR2-sensitized cardiomyocytes can be prolonged upon application of blue light pulses during the repolarization phase of the cells and the increment in action potential duration isms, see Optical map) and also the QRS durations (65 ms, see ECG recordings) compared to those values from single-site right ventricular electrical pacing (i.e., 24.5 and 80 ms, respectively). Reproduced with permission from Nussinovitch and Gepstein ([@B71]).](fbioe-07-00466-g0006){#F6}

DC shock effectively terminates cardiac fibrillation, but the unspecific delivery of high electrical shocks used for defibrillation can cause greater tissue damage (Karagueuzian and Chen, [@B48]). Thus, there is a need for less damaging and low energy defibrillation methods. Bruegmann et al. ([@B15]) for the first time examined the potential of optogenetic defibrillation in treating ventricular tachycardia of intact hearts. They experimentally demonstrated that anteroseptal epicardial illumination of the ChR2 transgenic mouse hearts, using single light pulse (470 nm wavelength, 0.4 mW/mm^2^ intensity, 143 mm^2^ illumination area, and 1 s exposure


(from black bracket in **A**) while red trace denotes signals from adjacent non-myocytes (from red bracket in **B**). Magnified section **(F)** and successive readings **(G)**. Transmembrane potential in both these cell types are in phase (1:1 ratio) suggesting the heterocellular electric coupling between myofibroblasts and cardiomyocytes in the infarct border. Reproduced with permission from Rubart et al. ([@B83]). Evidence of such heterocellular coupling between cardiomyocytes and non-cardiomyocytes in the scar border is also evident from a study by Quinn et al. **(H)**. Intact transgenic mouse hearts where non-cardiomyocytes, selectively made to express VSFP2.3, showed enhanced electrical activity, as observed by YFP signal in the scar border. Reproduced with permission from Quinn et al. ([@B80]).](fbioe-07-00466-g0009){#F9}

Enhanced coupling between cardiomyocytes and non-cardiomyocytes after myocardial injury is mediated by phenotypic changes inopsins ([Table 1](#T1){ref-type="table"}; Ferenczi et al., [@B30]). In cardiac research, both natural and engineered versions of these opsins are being investigated to activate cell signaling with high temporal and spatial precision (Ferenczi et al., [@B30]). A recent study by Makowka et al. ([@B61]) has reported the utility of jellyfish opsin (JellyOp) to activate G~s~ signaling in cardiomyocyte embryoid bodies and also in the intact mice hearts. Upon stimulation of JellyOp embryoid bodies with blue light (470 nm, 2.9 mW mm^−2^, 5 min), cAMP levels were increased for up to 646% of the baseline levels (Makowka et al., [@B61]). In addition, beating rates of the embryoid bodies and of the intact transgenic mice hearts were increased upon optogenetic stimulation (Makowka et al., [@B61]). Similar effects were observed in JellyOp


to predict the energy requirements for *in vivo* applications (Entcheva, [@B27]). Despite these considerations, encouraging *in vitro* and *in vivo* studies have provided proof-of concept for the translational potential of cardiac optogenetics. In addition, emerging scope of optogenetics in modulating the dynamic roles of signaling moieties needed during crucial biological functions, such as cell signaling, differentiation and migration are greatly expanding the dimensions of *in vitro* and *in vivo* research. Future investigations on such emerging scopes would greatly enhance the clinical success of the field for cardiovascular regenerative medicine.

Author Contributions {#s6}
====================

JJ and WZ wrote the manuscript. MR revised the manuscript.

Conflict of Interest
--------------------

The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.

Theout with categories like “Family,” containing photos of some members of the family, “School,” containing several activities at school, and “Care,” which contained things like “going to the bathroom,” “taking a shower,” and other phrases like that.

By the end of January 2001 I started programming. In Perl. Maybe Perl isn’t the most logical choice for writing GUI applications for disabled people, but Perl is my language of choice. And it turned out to be very suitable for this job! Using Tk I quickly set up a nice looking interface. Win32::Sound (and on Linux the Play command) enabled me to “pronounce” the prerecorded words. Within two weeks time I had a first version of pVoice, as I called this application (and since everyone asks me what the ‘p’ stands


tryout for what pVoice 2.0 would come to be: it used wxPerl, Microsoft Agent for speech synthesis, and was more user-friendly. In October 2002, pType was ready and I could finally start working on pVoice 2.0. While copying and pasting lots of the code I wrote for pType, I set up pVoice to be as modular as possible. I also tried to make the design extensible, so I would be able to add features in the future – even features I hadn’t already thought of.

In March this year it finally was time to release pVoice 2.0. It was easy to install: it was compiled into a standalone executable using PerlApp and by using InnoSetup I created a nice looking installer for it. The application looked more attractive becauseI used wxPerl, which gives your application the look-and-feel of the operating system it runs on. It was user friendly because the user didn’t have to modify any files to use the application: all modifications and additions to the vocabulary could be done within the application using easy-to-understand dialog windows. I was quite satisfied with the result, although I already knew I had some features to add in future releases.

The Present

At this moment, rewriting the online help file is the last step before I can release pVoice 2.1. That version will have support for all Microsoft SAPI 4 compatible speech engines, better internationalization support, the possibility to have an unlimited depth of categories within categories (until pVoice 2.0 you had only one level of categories with words and


vacation at the Beach Colony. This condo was great for everyone, including 2 children, grandparents and great grandparents. Very clean, spacious and comfortable. Dryer needs fixing (horrible noise), but we dealt with it. Oyster Bar Restaurant just down the street was amazing! We would recommend it for any family."

Guest: familytraditionDate of Stay: May 2014Review Submitted: June 10, 2014

Perdido Key Relaxation

"This place was awesome. It was very roomy and Kristin had it stocked with cleaning supplies, cooking spices and everything you would need to do your laundry. The master bedroom was my favorite . We kept the door open all night and enjoyed the soothing sounds of the ocean waves. The guest bedroom was also really nice. Where else would you have a king size bed even in theJean Bourgoin

Jean Bourgoin (1913–1991) was a French cinematographer. He won the Academy Award for Best Cinematography for the 1962 war film The Longest Day.

Selected filmography
 The Time of the Cherries (1938)
 La Marseillaise (1938)
 Cristobal's Gold (1940)
 It Happened at the Inn (1943)
 Box of Dreams (1945)
 Justice Is Done (1950)
 Shadow and Light (1951)
 It Happened in Paris (1952)
 We Are All Murderers (1952)
 The House on the Dune (1952)
 Follow That Man (1953)
 Before the Deluge (1954)
 Black Dossier (1955)
 The River of Three Junks (1957)
 Goha (1958)
 Mon Oncle (1958)
 Black Orpheus (1959)
 A Mistress for the Summer (1960)
 The Counterfeit Traitor (1962)
 Gigot (1962)
 The Longest Day (1962)
 Germinal (1963)
 Impossible on Saturday (1965)

References

Bibliography
 Langman, Larry. Destination Hollywood: The Influence of Europeans on American


in axon guidance \[[@pone.0219823.ref023],[@pone.0219823.ref030]--[@pone.0219823.ref032]\]. How CLASP and XMAP215 family members mechanistically regulate microtubule dynamics is poorly understood.

While the CLASP and XMAP215 families differentially affect microtubule dynamics, they both employ an array of tubulin-binding TOG domains to regulate the microtubule polymer \[[@pone.0219823.ref016],[@pone.0219823.ref022],[@pone.0219823.ref033],[@pone.0219823.ref034]\]. TOG domain structures were first determined from XMAP215 family members, revealing a 220--250 residue α-solenoid comprising six HEAT repeats (HRs) (A through F) that form a paddle-like structure \[[@pone.0219823.ref033],[@pone.0219823.ref035]\]. The intra-HEAT loops that line one face of these XMAP215 family TOG domains are highly conserved and are used to engage the tubulin heterodimer \[[@pone.0219823.ref033],[@pone.0219823.ref035]\]. Structural work involving TOG1 and TOG2 from the *Saccharomyces cerevisiae* (*S*.*c*.) XMAP215 family member Stu2 demonstrated that TOG domain HRs A-D and HRs E-F engage regions of β- and α-tubulin respectively that are                              32.95--2.15 (2.20--2.15)            38.1--1.78 (1.83--1.78)
  R/ R~free~ (%)                                         19.0 (24.4) / 24.4 (33.3)           17.7 (29.5) / 22.1 (38.0)
  \# Reflections, R/R~free~


these structures yield insight into novel structural states of the tubulin heterodimer and will these states inform the mechanisms by which the animal CLASP family TOG2 and TOG3 domains affect microtubule dynamics? 3) While the CLASP family TOG array is composed of structurally distinct TOG structures arranged in a specific order, can the array function properly if shuffled or do the unique architectures play synergistic order- and spatial-specific roles along the polarized microtubule lattice? 4) While the structural nature of the animal CLASP family's three TOG domains (TOGs 1--3) has been elucidated, little is known about its C-terminal CLIP-ID \[[@pone.0219823.ref016]\]. The CLIP-ID is predicted to be composed of HRs and analysis suggests that it may conform to a TOG architecture as found in the fifth TOG domain ofUPDATE 15:37: A couple of hours ago the parliament voted to not improve democracy, and dropped the 0,5% proposal.

The Finnish Parliament is now handling the party law reform. Democracy is being desecrated by every single parliamentary party: First by the Constitutional Committee, which had proposed unanimously to reject the proposal of amending the government bill of the party law reform; Now MPs are claiming that the government proposal would have a positive impact on democracy supporting the parties without seats in the government, which is factually not the case. Even the Constitutional Law Committee's report confirms this, but it still won't support the proposal that would actually have a positive impact on democracy, and what would actually achieve the effect that the bill claims to aim at.

OSCE issued


get money for one-third of the percentage of votes, so that 2% of the votes received gives only 0.66% of total party support for the outside party.

Only the proposal:

- 0.5% threshold to receive party support

- Money is divided completely based on votes, even if the party has seats. (This is more democratic, as it respects the will of the nation instead of the voting system)

Reduction of the threshold to at least half a per cent is well justified, as the Committee claimed, the aim is to improve the position of parties without seats, and 2% threshold wouldn't do anything, but the 0.5% threshold would give funding for at least one of parties outside the parliament, the Pirate Party Finland. PPFI itself supports reilumpi.puoluetuki.fi campaign with 5000 votes treshold(was proposed to last parliament, sadly not to this one), which would give funding for other parties without seats too.

Changing the distribution method from the seats to according to the votes is well justified, as the seats do not often represent the number of votes too well, so the larger parties tend to get more seats than is proportional to the votes.

It's not even relevant to discuss wheter or not it's justified that a party without seats would get less support than the percentage of the votes would provide. It's irrelevant because there is very little chance of any party without votes getting any support with 2% treshold. In the report, this isn't even mentioned outside the written law proposal, they don't even try to justify it.


store."

When Yilmaz opened the restaurant in 2005, he filed a petition
to bring the issue of liquor sales to the voters in a referendum.
It was defeated by the slim margin of about 15 votes, he said.

Other towns have had success with such referendums. The city of
Linwood in Atlantic County sold its first liquor license for
$500,000 in 2003 after residents voted overwhelmingly to allow
drinks to be served.

Budgetary concerns also prompted West Cape May officials to
consider ending its dry status in 2007, and voters approved the
idea. That municipality, however, has yet to adopt an ordinance
that would allow two liquor licenses.

Dennis Township, also in Cape May County, repealed its dry
status in 2001. Its first distribution liquor license, which went
up for bid during a closed-envelope auction, sold for $1.1
million.

More than 30 dry townsThree pollination guilds and variation in floral characteristics of Bornean gingers (Zingiberaceae and Costaceae).
The pollinators of 29 ginger species representing 11 genera in relation to certain floral morphological characteristics in a mixed-dipterocarp forest in Borneo were investigated. Among the 29 species studied, eight were pollinated by spiderhunters (Nectariniidae), 11 by medium-sized Amegilla bees (Anthophoridae), and ten by small halictid bees. These pollination guilds found in gingers in Sarawak are comparable to the pollination guilds of neotropical Zingiberales, i.e., hummingbird-, and euglossine-bee-pollinated guilds. Canonical discriminant analysis revealed that there were significant correlations between floral morphology and pollination guilds and suggests the importance of plant-pollinator interactions in the evolution of floral morphology. Most species in the three guilds were separated on the plot by the first and second canonical variables.


Q:

How to compile multiple .cpp files in vim

I am a newish programmer trying to figure out how to compile two separate .cpp files and .h file. From my google search so far, I have found that I need to enter something like:
gcc -o myprogram file1.cpp file2.cpp

Can someone expand on this?

A:

For a temporary session (or in a possibly local .vimrc file), you can specify the builtin makeprg variable (see also :help makeprg)
set makeprg=g++\ -o\ myprogram\ file1.cpp\ file2.cpp

and invoke the compilation via :make. This will open up the quickfix window if you had any compilation errors or warnings, which can be handy.
Note, however, that this is nothing but a temporary hack for quick trial-and-error cycles. When these two files are meant to be something more serious, choose a build systemIt's no secret that video games now use various properties of motion and position collected from, e.g., compasses, accelerometers, gyrometers, and Global Positioning System (GPS) units in hand-held devices or control instruments to improve the experience of play in simulated, i.e., virtual, three dimensional (3D) environments. In fact, software to extract so-called “six axis” positional information from such control instruments is well-understood, and is used in many video games today. The first three of the six axes describe the “yaw-pitch-roll” of the device in three dimensional space. In mathematics, the tangent, normal, and binormal unit vectors for a particle moving along a continuous, differentiable curve in three dimensional space are often called T, N, and B vectors, or, collectively, the “Frenet frame,” and are defined as follows: T


\cup B\).

So our closed sets satisfy all the usual conditions for closed sets of a normally defined topological space, thus their complements satisfy all the axioms for open sets in a topological space.

Now how do we recover the “touches” relationship from a normal topological space?

Well if we define the closure of a set as normal as the smallest closed set containing it, i.e.

\[ cl(A) = \bigcap \{ B \supseteq A : B \text{ is closed } \} \]

Then we can define a touches relationship as \(x\) touches \(A\) if \(x \in cl(A)\).

Does this satisfy all our axioms?

First we must prove the following properties of closure operators:

\(A = cl(A)\) iff \(A\) is closed

\(A \subseteq cl(A) \)

\(A \subseteq B \) implies \(cl(A) \subseteq cl(B)\)

\(cl(A \cup B = cl(A) \cup cl(B)\)

\(cl(cl(A))of eastern Livermore is off-limits to the general public.

History
Livermore Valley was named after Robert Livermore, an immigrant American rancher in Mexican Alta California, who with his business partner José Noriega were keeping livestock in the valley since 1834. Livermore and Jose Noriega received the Mexican land grant for Rancho Las Positas, which encompassed the valley, in 1839 from Governor Juan Bautista Alvarado.

In 1847 Noriega and Livermore purchased Rancho Canada de los Vaqueros adjacent to the north of Rancho Las Positas and Livermore Valley in the Diablo Range.

Livermore's name became well known during the California Gold Rush in the late 1840s−early 1850s, for an inn at his adobe ranch house in the valley that served miners and other travelers eastbound on the road from the Bay Area


            'src'
                    ]
                })
            .end()
};

The easiest way to check if everything works as expected is IMO to run vue-cli-service inspect. Change the config, check if inspect fails and, if it doesn't, check if the output contains the desired changes.

Over the last several decades, more and more surgeons are abandoning traditional open methods of gaining access to vital organs and body cavities in favor of endoscopes and endoscopic instruments which access organs through small puncture-like incisions. Endoscopic instruments are inserted into the patient through a cannula, or port, that has been made with a trocar. Typical sizes for cannulas range from three millimeters to twelve millimeters. Smaller cannulas are usually preferred, and this presents a design challenge to instrument manufacturers who must find ways to make surgical instruments that fit through the cannulas and operate in a safe and effective manner.
Endoscopic instruments for arresting blood loss and coagulating tissue are well known in the art. For example, several prior art instruments employ thermal coagulation (heated probes) to


---
abstract: |
    We consider the tensor product $V=(\C^N)^{\otimes n}$ of the vector representation of $\gln$ and its weight decomposition $V=\oplus_{\la=(\la_1,\dots,\la_N)}V[\la]$. For $\la = (\la_1\geq \dots \geq \la_N)$, the trivial bundle $V[\la]\times \C^n\to\C^n$ has a subbundle of -conformal blocks at level $\ell$, where $\ell = \la_1-\la_N$ if $\la_1-\la_N> 0$ and $\ell=1$ if $\la_1-\la_N=0$. We construct a polynomial section $I_\la(z_1,\dots,z_n,h)$ of the subbundle. The section is the main object of the paper. We identify the section with the generating function $J_\la(z_1,\dots,z_n,h)$ of the extended Joseph polynomials of orbital varieties, defined in .

    For $\ell=1$, we show that the subbundle of -conformal blocks has rank 1 and $I_\la(z_1,\dots,z_n,h)$ is flat with respect to the quantum Knizhnik–Zamolodchikov discrete connection.

    For $N=2$ and $\ell=1$,integral formula for $I_\la(z_1,\dots,z_n,h)$, if $N=2$.

Quantum conformal blocks and / equations {#sec:qkz}
========================================

Operators on representation-valued functions {#sec:ops}
--------------------------------------------

Let $N\ge 2$ be a positive integer. Let $e_{\ij}$, for $i,j=1,\dots,N$, be the standard generators of the complex Lie algebra $\gln$ satisfying the relations $[e_{\ij},e_{\sk}]=\delta_{\js}e_{\ik}-\delta_{\ik}e_{\sj}$. Consider the standard vector representation $\C^N$ of $\gln$, and its $n$-th tensor product $V=(\C^N)^{\otimes n}$. The space $V$ splits into the direct sum of weight subspaces V=\_[=(\_1,…,\_N)]{} V\[\], where $\sum_{i=1}^N\la_i=n$, and $V[\la]=\{v\in V\ |\ e_{i,i}v=\la_i v\}.$

In this paper we will be concerned with $V$-valued functions of $z_1,\ldots,z_n$ also depending on a complex parameter $h$. Now we recall some operators acting on the space of such functions.

-   Elements of $\gln$ act naturally on any factor of the tensor product. When $x\in\gln$ acts in the $i$-th factor, we


Tice – accordion
 Scottie Kruger – vocals
 Jay Beck – Percussion

Discography

Albums
 [A→B] Life (2002)
 Catch for Us the Foxes (2004)
 Brother, Sister (2006)
 It's All Crazy! It's All False! It's All a Dream! It's Alright (2009)
 Ten Stories (2012)
 Pale Horses (2015)
 [Untitled] (2018)

EPs
 Blood Enough for Us All, 2000 (self-released)
 I Never Said That I Was Brave, 2001 (Kickstart Audio)
 Pale Horses: Appendix, 2016 (Pine Street)
 [untitled], 2018 (Run for Cover)

Singles
 February 1878 - Single, 2012 (Pine Street)
 Other Stories (B-sides) - Single, 2013 (Pine Street)
 East Enders Wives - Maxi Single, 2014 (Pine Street)

Vinyl
 Norma Jean / mewithoutYou, 2002 (Solid State Records/Tooth & Nail Records)
 [A→B] Life, 2002 (Gilead Media)
 Catch for Us the Foxes, 2004 (Gilead Media)
 Brother, Sister, 2006 (BurntDaffy says, "Shoot the duck" and Daffy gets shot." "Has this been keepin' you up nights?" "Well, it would never work." "Yes, it would." "No, it wouldn't." "No, it wouldn't." "Yes, it would." "No, it wouldn't." "Yes, it would, Brent." "Stop fighting' me on this." "All right then." "You can tell me that your dog ran away" "Then tell me that it took three days" "I've heard every joke, I've heard every one you say" "You think there's not a lot goin' on" "Look closer, Baby, you're so wrong" "And that's why you can stay so long" "Where there's not a lot goin' on" "The suspension on my car is trashed." "I just ran over a pothole." "Do you mean "a" pothole or "the" pothole?" "You really gotta


your hair and I dreamed about a clock and I-I dreamed that-that your hair was getting twisted up in the clock as the clock moved f-forward." "What?" "That doesn't make any sense." "Hair, clock forward." "That could mean anything, ya nut." "Well, you never know." "You gonna get that?" "Hey, has that cheese expired?" "Hello." "Oh, hi, Sandra." "Yeah, all right." "Okay." "Okay, Sandra, I'll see you tomorrow morning." "No, cheese was fine." "Hey, uh, who was that?" "That was Sandra." "I was going to get my hair cut tomorrow afternoon, but now she wants me to change the hair appointment, earlier, like move the appointment for my hair forward." "I don't get it." "Did you sleep okay?" "No." "I tossed and turned all night." "Oh?" "Do youQ:

Can't convert NSData to NSString in swift

This is my function. First println print correct hash to console but in the next row program crashes. Can you help me?
func sha256(string: NSString) -> NSString {
    var data : NSData! = string.dataUsingEncoding(NSUTF8StringEncoding)
    var hash = [UInt8](count: Int(CC_SHA256_DIGEST_LENGTH), repeatedValue: 0)
    CC_SHA256(data.bytes, CC_LONG(data.length), &hash)
    let res = NSData(bytes: hash, length: Int(CC_SHA256_DIGEST_LENGTH))
    println(res)
    let resstr = NSString(data: res, encoding: NSUTF8StringEncoding)
    println(resstr)
    return resstr
}

A:

let resstr = NSString(data: res, encoding: NSUTF8StringEncoding)

returns nil if the data does not represent a valid UTF-8 sequence (which is very likely). Then the following println() crashes.
A possible string representation for arbitrary binary data would be
a


Smorgasburg Style Food Carts Will Be Rolling Into Prospect Park This Summer

Subscribe to spoiled NYC's official newsletter, The Stoop, for the best news, eats, drinks, places to go, and things to do.

No matter how much snow we get, you know it's approaching Spring in NYC when food trucks are lining up for summertime.

What— like pretzels, hot dogs, and everything else you run into already? No, come on, that isn't newsworthy— get it together. We're onto something big here.

Operation Oasis, as it's known in the right circles, will bring manna to the food desert.

The "most inventive exciting food idea" is inevitably going to come out in the competition to set up shop in Prospect Park, as Eater NYquoted.

They speculate start-ups like Big Mozz, Mr. Bing, and Kotti Berliner Doneris very welcome, as always.

Janis Voigtländer, University of Bonn, Germany, <hcar at haskell.org>

With the task of incorporation behind us, the haskell.org committee can now focus on establishing guidelines around donations, fund raising, and appropriate uses of funds.

The haskell.org infrastructure is becoming more stable, but still suffers from occasional hiccups. While the extreme unreliability we saw for a while has improved with the reorganisation, the level of sysadmin resource/involvement is still inadequate. The committee is open to ideas on how to improve the situation.

Note that the participant reimbursement paid by haskell.org matches the reimbursement given to haskell.org by Google. The haskell.org credits for 2011 include only GSoC payments of $9,316.41, leaving us with a balance of $13,056.32 at the end of 2011.

At the start of 2011 the haskell.org account


not available in other languages. Our target applications are the ones that you always find yourself writing C programs for, because existing functional languages are too slow, use too much memory, or do not let you update the data that you need to.

The Eden skeleton library is under constant development. Currently it contains various skeletons for parallel maps, workpools, divide-and-conquer, topologies and many more. Take a look on the Eden pages.

The Eden trace viewer tool EdenTV provides a visualisation of Eden program runs on various levels. Activity profiles are produced for processing elements (machines), Eden processes and threads. In addition message transfer can be shown between processes and machines. EdenTV has been written in Haskell and is freely available on the Eden web pages.

A new release of theof non-trivial programs.

Eden extends Haskell with a small set of syntactic constructs for explicit process specification and creation. While providing enough control to implement parallel algorithms efficiently, it frees the programmer from the tedious task of managing low-level details by introducing automatic communication (via head-strict lazy lists), synchronization, and process handling.

The latest GUM implementation of GpH is built on GHC 6.12, using either PVM or MPI as communications library. It implements a virtual shared memory abstraction over a collection of physically distributed machines. At the moment our main hardware platforms are Intel-based Beowulf clusters of multicores. We plan to connect several of these clusters into a wide-area, hierarchical, heterogenous parallel architecture.

As part of the SCIEnce EU FP6 I3 project (026133) (April 2006 – December 2011) and the HPC-GAP


on Cloud Haskell for distributed parallelism. In particular, we are developing a new implementation that is intended to be robust, flexible and have good performance. The resulting “distributed-process” package will build off an internal design which includes a swappable network transport layer. As we flesh out this implementation, we are also working on further developing and validating the new design. These ongoing efforts are visible from the GitHub page listed below.

The release is also accompanied by a new tutorial on the Haskell wiki, the ThreadScope Tour. The tours provides a series of self-contained miniature walkthroughs focusing on various aspects of ThreadScope usage, for example, observing the need to consolidate sequential evaluation in order to make ThreadScope output easier to interpret.

Much of the ThreadScope work leading up to thisthe past there have been problems with the space requirements during indexing. The data structures and evaluation strategies have been optimized to prevent space leaks. A second index structure working with cryptographic keys for document identifiers is under construction. This will further simplify partial indexing and merging of indexes.

The search engine package includes the indexer and search modules, the MapReduce package bundles the distributed MapReduce system. This is based on two other packages, which may be useful for their on: The Distributed Library with a message passing communication layer and a distributed storage system.

The framework is now separated into four packages, all available on Hackage.

The framework supports distributed computations for building indexes and searching indexes. This is done with a MapReduce like framework. The MapReduce framework is independent


It is an online archive of Cabal packages which can be used via the website and client-side software such as cabal-install. Hackage enables users to find, browse and download Cabal packages, plus view their API documentation. cabal-install is the command line interface for the Cabal and Hackage system. It provides a command line program cabal which has sub-commands for installing and managing Haskell packages. Recent progress We have had two successful Google Summer of Code projects on Cabal this year. Sam Anklesaria worked on a “cabal repl” feature to launch an interactive GHCi session with all the appropriate pre-processing and context from the project’s .cabal file. Mikhail Glushenkov worked on a feature so that “cabal install” can build independent packages in parallel (not to be confused with buildinglogical expressions into disjunctive normal form. We are adding support for more exercise types, mainly at the level of high school mathematics. For example, our domain reasoner now covers simplifying expressions with exponents, rational equations, and derivatives. We have investigated how users can interleave solving different parts of exercises. We have extended our strategy language with different combinators for interleaving, and have shown how the interleaving combinators are implemented in the parsing framework we use for recognizing student behavior and providing hints. Recently, we have focused on designing the Ask-Elle functional programming tutor. This tool lets you practice introductory functional programming exercises in Haskell. The tutor can both guide a student towards developing a correct program, as well as analyse intermediate, incomplete, programs to check whether or not


package ioprogress

import (
	"io"
	"time"
)

// Reader is an implementation of io.Reader that draws the progress of
// reading some data.
type Reader struct {
	// Reader is the underlying reader to read from
	Reader io.Reader

	// Size is the total size of the data coming out of the reader.
	Size int64

	// DrawFunc is the callback to invoke to draw the progress bar. By
	// default, this will be DrawTerminal(os.Stdout).
	//
	// DrawInterval is the minimum time to wait between reads to update the
	// progress bar.
	DrawFunc     DrawFunc
	DrawInterval time.Duration

	progress int64
	lastDraw time.Time
}

// Read reads from the underlying reader and invokes the DrawFunc if
// appropriate. The DrawFunc is executed when there is data that is
// read (progress is made) and at least DrawInterval time has passed.
func (r *Reader) Read(p []byte) (int, error) {
	// If we haven't drawn before, initializeAnd so it begins…

I know you probably don’t post arcs, but I thought you might enjoy reading it. My respect for you went WAY up after trying this myself :)

(Submitted by anonymous) (Part One)


between CAI and MinSat (r = -0.48, p = 0.01) and between CAI and age (r = -0.45, p = 0.01). Pre-postop PSG data were available for 41 children with a CAI ≥ 1/h. Central apnea index decreased from 2.2/h (1.7-3.8) to 1.3/h (0.8-2.6) (p < 0.001) following (A)TE along with an improvement in oAHI from 10.9/h (5.9-22.2) to 1.2/h (0.6-2.7) (p < 0.001). No patient had postoperative CSAS and a reduction in the CAI <1/h was observed in 11 patients (26,9%). A central apnea index ≥1/h is common in children with OSAS but CSAS (CAI >5) is rare. We observed a significant decrease in the CAI and a resolution of CSAS after (adeno)tonsillectomy.is formed is hereinafter referred to as a light blocking region (black matrix) 15, and a region surrounded by the light blocking region 15 is pixel opening 16. In a case where such a TFT substrate 14 becomes a measurement target, what is to be measured by the film thickness inspecting device 1 is a film thickness in the pixel opening 16 of, for example, the poly-imide film.
However, such a film thickness inspecting device 1 as described above, which employs a light interference method in film thickness measurement, is cable of measuring a film thickness only in a region (at film thickness measurement point P at the center of the observation area) where a regularly reflected light near the optical axis can be received. Therefore, if the film


your comments: Log in using your HeraldNet account or your Facebook, Twitter or Disqus profile. Comments that violate the rules are subject to removal. Please see our terms of use. Please note that you must verify your email address for your comments to appear.want to see Vikram do this scene.
I wasn't troubled by the lack of focus on other characters because this movie was essentially about Raavanan, and by default, Sita/Raagini/Ash. Karthik's role was great, Priyamani was really good as the sister, and I thought that Prabhu was a scene-stealer as Beera's elder brother - the loveable dacoit ... I likened his role to Kumbhakarna in the Ramayana, except he was awake. :-)

I couldn't let Govinda Week go by without taking a brief look at his role in Mani Ratnam's film Raavan, which opened today, and which I saw this afternoon. Brief look, because this is NOT a review of Raavan. Hours after seeing it, I'm still thinking about the film, and I think I'll wait until I...

Haha! Not only did


wear the neckerchief before Abhishek, he also was the first to wear the Skirtkerchief if you watch the last verse of Johnny D'Mello from Taaqatwar. Though I highly doubt anyone ever followed him on this trend.

Scarf? (Dostana, 2008) Yes, Abhishek -- I know you wore lots of them in Dostana, but you guessed it. Govinda did it first: (Tan Badan, 1986) AND while wearing The Silver Pants of Awesome. (And I promise you, one day when I own this film myself, there will be The Most Awesome Screencaps on t...activity of all of the drugs from their saline-control levels. The rank order, from least to greatest inhibitory effect, produced by this dexamethasone treatment on the drug-control levels was gepirone (-42.6%), tiaspirone (-48.9%), buspirone (-56.1%), nefazodone (-68.5%), insapirone (-70.0%), and BMS-20661 (-74.3%).


led by Siwei Lyu, a professor at the State University of New York at Albany, , and one of his students. “We generated about 50 fake videos and tried a bunch of traditional forensics methods. They worked on and off, but not very well,” Lyu says.

Then, one afternoon, while studying several deepfakes, Lyu realized that the faces made using deepfakes rarely, if ever, blink. And when they do blink, the eye-movement is unnatural. This is because deepfakes are trained on still images, which tend to show a person with his or her eyes open.

Others involved in the DARPA challenge are exploring similar tricks for automatically catching deepfakes: strange head movements, odd eye color, and so on. “We are working on exploiting these types of physiological signals that, forWilliam Patton Thornton

Dr. William Patton Thornton (February 6, 1817 in Hillsboro, Ohio – October 10, 1883, in College Hill, Ohio), son of William and Martha Patton Thornton, was a prominent physician, educator, author, politician, and member of the influential Thornton family of Logansport, Indiana.  Sir Henry Worth Thornton and Judge William Wheeler Thornton were his nephews.

Education and career
After a brief study for the ministry (1837) at Wabash College, Indiana, William began his preparations for medicine at the Ohio College of Medicine;  He graduated from Kemper’s Medical College, St. Louis, and Jefferson Medical College, Philadelphia.  After graduation, Dr. William P Thornton spent five years in Houston, Mississippi, where he began to specialize in diseases of the trachea and larynx.

In 1847, Dr. Thornton returned to Ohio and


compliance with international law, in particular the principle of distinction and proportionality," Ms Pillay said.

The incessant drone attacks and the killing of at least 24 Pakistani soldiers by the U.S./NATO troops last November have since closed the supply lines that pass through Pakistan and provide at least 75 percent of essentials used by the 150,000 foreign troops fighting the insurgents in Afghanistan. The Pakistani quid pro quo and the unending killing of Pakistanis by drone attacks has virtually broken U.S.-Pakistan relations.

On June 10, U.S. Assistant Secretary, DoD, Peter Lavoy had gone to Islamabad to re-open talks. He spent three days in Pakistan's capital meeting with virtually no one and came back to Washington empty-handed. His repeated efforts to meet Pakistans Chief of Armed Services, Gen. Ashfaq Pervex Kayani,ASCAP Claiming That Creative Commons Must Be Stopped; Apparently They Don't Actually Believe In Artist Freedom

from the protectionism-all-the-way dept

Thank you for reading this Techdirt post. With so many things competing for everyone’s attention these days, we really appreciate you giving us your time. We work hard every day to put quality content out there for our community. Techdirt is one of the few remaining truly independent media outlets. We do not have a giant corporation behind us, and we rely heavily on our community to support us, in an age when advertisers are increasingly uninterested in sponsoring small, independent sites — especially a site like ours that is unwilling to pull punches in its reporting and analysis. While other websites have resorted to paywalls, registration requirements, and increasingly