create two of the most imaginative and original interiors in Melbourne.

Ion Nicolades was one of many business owners to remodel their premises in anticipation of the number of visitors soon to descend upon the city. Owner of the Anglo-American Café, a Melbourne institution which had operated on the same site since 1904, Nicolades approached Meadmore with the idea of transforming his business into a contemporary café, renamed the Legend Expresso and Milk Bar. Located in the heart of the city on Bourke Street, the space was divided by an internal wall, with the café to the left, and milk bar to the right – and ideal mix that would capitalise on its proximity to nearby offices and cinemas.

Noted on the plans as the ‘superintending architect’, Meadmore designed everyUse Of Structure Maps To Facilitate Problem Solving In Algebra-Based Physics Documents

Main Document

In this study we explore the use of expert-designed structure maps by students in an algebra-based physics course and the evolution of these maps based upon students' reactions and feedback collected over one semester. The participants were trained to use structure maps while solving problems sharing similar deep-structure elements. They met for one hour every week to work on the problems using the maps. We report here on the ways in which students used the structure maps during the interviews, the difficulties faced by students as they attempted to use these maps as well as the feedback offered by students regarding the maps. We also report on how we changed the maps based on feedback from


there, down there! In the moonlight, on the graves

squats a mad spectral figure!

It is an ape! Hear how his howling

screams its way through the sweet fragrance of life!

Now take the wine! Now it is time, companions!

Drain your golden goblets to the dregs!

Dark is life, is death!

Now beckons the wine in the golden goblet,

but drink not yet, first I'll sing you a song!

The song of sorrow

shall in gusts of laughter through your souls resound.

When sorrow draws near,

wasted lie the gardens of the soul.

Withered and dying are joy and song.

Dark is life, is death.

Your cellar holds its fill of golden wine!

Here, this lute I name my own!

To strike the lute and to drain the glasses,

these are the things that go together.

A full goblet of wine at the right time

is worthmy glass again,

and drain it to the dregs,

and sing, until the moon shines bright

in the black firmament.

And when I can sing no longer,

then I go back to sleep;

for what does spring matter to me?

Let me be drunk!

#

Nobody who's visited Sunday Classics will be surprised that we're taking on Mahler's) backwards. This is the work, you'll recall that Mahler conceived, after soaring with Goethe to the cosmological heights in his Symphony No. 8, in the aftermath of the diagnosis of his terminal heart condition.In Hans Bethge's German translation and adaptation of Chinese poems,, Mahler found texts for the six song-movements that made up what should by rights have been his Symphony No. 9, if he hadn't had such superstitious dread of the doom a Ninth Symphony had spelled for


as we developway of listening.Just by way of demonstrating how never-ending this process is, in the course of my relistening for these posts, I put on the 1959 EMI recording conducted by Paul Kletzki (made, by cosmic coincidence, some two weeks before the memorable RCA recording conducted by Fritz Reiner), intending to listen, of course, to the first movement, but I let it play, and for as much as I've said I'm unpersuaded by the octave-lower baritone option Mahler offered for the alto songs, and as often as I've listened to Dietrich Fischer-Dieskau's performance in this recording and been left unpersuaded by it, this time I found myself warming to it more, especially in the movement that I confess remains most elusive for me, No. 4, "On Beauty.""My name is Angie Johnson. We have know Roy Moore and his family for more than 25 years. His son was coached on a ball team by my husband ..a team player along side my son. Roy also helped with coaching the team. My husband and I have been guests in his home, in his office in Gadsden as well as Montgomery. I am acquaintances with several members of Roys family. I have never known Roy to exhibit anything other than appropriate behavior during our times together. Further I was raised and lived in Gadsden all of my 50+ years and I have never been aware of any of the incidents that have been spoken of about Roy. I worked in a fast food establishment that Roy frequented


r=0! Choose a small h, possibly the same dx you're passing to your function, and use that:
def rAtheta(_r):
    # note that named lambdas are usually frowned upon
    return _r*Atheta(_r,theta,z,t)

tol = 1e-10
dr = 1e-12

if np.abs(r) > tol: # or math.abs or your favourite other abs
    return derivative(rAtheta,r,dx=dr,order=3)/r
else:
    return rAtheta(r + 1j*dr).imag/dr/r

Here is the above in action for f = r*ln(r):

The result is straightforwardly smooth, even though the points below r=1e-10 were computed with complex step differentiation.
Very important note: notice the separation between tol and dr in the code. The former is used to determine when to switch between methods, and the latter is used as a step in complex step differentiation. Look what happens when tol=dr=1e-10:

the result17 per cent of voters—people who have told us that voting is important, who discuss politics, who plan to vote this year and who have voted in the past—are uncertain about what their Member of the Legislative Assembly is doing. The level of undecideds on this question jumps to 27 per cent among voters aged 18-to-34 and 22 per cent among those in the lowest income bracket. Voters in British Columbia have a low opinion of the influence they wield, especially when pitted against corporations, lobbyists, unions and, yes, even foreign investors. The existing fundraising regulations that British Columbians wholeheartedly disagree with are responsible for the loss of faith in what a citizen—informed, engaged and committed—can achieve. If the rules change, regardless of who forms the next provincial


your school and accreditation, it was 16 years ago (and might have predated the entire accreditation process). What are you trying to do that requires your initial schooling to be accredited?

As a general rule, you can't get reciprocity for a certification you already have. So if you have a Washington paramedic card, you can't apply for reciprocity for a Washington paramedic card, because you already have one......[/QUOTE

You don't need to have graduated from an accredited program for reciprocity. That is only for initial certifications (I read the website too, it's a little confusing). There are some other requirements that you need to have completed when you file the request.

Doesn't matter what the press says. Doesn't matter what the politicians or the mobs say. Doesn't matter if the wholeThe definition of interaction nets allows them to share computation: reducible expressions (active pairs) cannot be duplicated. For these reasons, optimal and efficient $\lambda-$calculus evaluators [@GonthierG:geoolr; @LampingJ:algolc; @MackieIC:yalyal] based on interaction nets have evolved. Indeed, interaction nets have proved to be very useful for studying the dynamics of computation. However, they remain fruitful only for theoretical investigations.

Despite that we can already program in interaction nets, they still remain far from being used as a practical programming language. Drawing an analogy with functional programming, we only have the $\lambda$-calculus without any high level language constructs which provide programming comfort. Interaction nets have a very primitive notion of pattern matching since only two agents can interact at a time. Consequently, many auxiliary agents and rules are needed to implement more sophisticated


   $= \ {\mathrm{PosSym}}_t(\verb|[| 1,1 \verb|]|, \verb|r|) \, \cup \,
     {\mathrm{PosSym}}_t(\verb|[| 2,1 \verb|]|, \verb|y|) \, \cup \,
     {\mathrm{PosSym}}_t(\verb|[| 2,2 \verb|]|, \verb|Cons(y,ys)|) \ = \
     \{ (\verb|[| 2,2 \verb|]|, \verb|Cons|) \}$

-   ${\mathrm{Pos}}(\verb|Lst(r) >< Cons(x,Cons(y,ys))|) \ = \ \{ \verb|[| 2,2 \verb|]| \}$

Subnet property {#subnetprop}
---------------

Verifying the subnet property is straightforward. Since rules are represented as trees (subtrees of the AST), it is easy to verify if one rule’s lhs is a subtree of another. We compute the lhs subtree relation of the current rule $P$ (to be translated) against all the rules $Q$ which have already been translated. If $P$ is in ORN, we verify the subtree relation in only oneand diagnoses, prior to a scheduled meeting date. The anonymised prescription summaries were given to the research pharmacist (MB) to review and identify instances of PIP as per those agreed upon during consensus-based methodology. From testing this mechanism, we decided to reduce the inclusion criteria from seven to two repeat items as this increased the pool of potential patients.

In total, 23 cases (who had seven repeat medications) were identified as having at least one PIP. At the CME meeting, all GPs were given a copy of all 23 cases and asked to conduct a hypothetical medicines review of each case using the therapeutic treatment algorithm. The participants recorded the actions they would have taken in each case, and why, and commented on the validity/ relevance of the recommended


In particular, the participants felt that there needed to be more focus on the provision of non-pharmacological alternative advice in the algorithms: *"I think some of the recommendations didn't, eh, weren't, comprehensive enough, didn't look at non-drug things."* P1

Patient preference for specific medications was mentioned a number of times as being a concern for the participants, regardless of whether or not they thought a problem was clinically significant and it was noted that GPs found it difficult to do a hypothetical review. They anticipated that it could be difficult to convince patients to change a medication and highlighted that there needed to be a strong clinical basis to support altering the medications:

"...*have to be able to say to them, by being on this you have an increased risklayer made of a metal nitride film, such as TiN (titanium nitride) or WN (tungsten nitride).
Based on an investigation by the present inventors, gate processing is conventionally carried out as follows. First, a semiconductor substrate is thermally oxidized to form a gate oxide film on its surface. Although a thermally oxidized film is generally formed in a dry oxygen atmosphere, wet oxidation is employed for the formation of a gate oxide film because the defect density in the film can be reduced. In wet oxidation, a pyrogenic method is employed in which water is formed by the combustion of hydrogen in an oxygen atmosphere and then fed to the surface of a semiconductor wafer together with oxygen.
The pyrogenic method, however, is accompanied with the drawback that combustion is


setting the partial pressure ratio within a range where W (or Mo) once oxidized by water vapor is reduced rapidly by coexisting hydrogen, but Si remains oxidized. The mixed atmosphere of water vapor and hydrogen is generated by the bubbling system which feeds hydrogen gas in pure water carried in a container and the water vapor/hydrogen partial pressure ratio is controlled by changing the temperature of the pure water.
The above-described Katada and Muraoka publication disclose a technique of forming a gate electrode of a poly-metal structure, more specifically, forming a metal nitride film such as TiN and a metal film such as W on a Si substrate through a gate oxide film, and then carrying out light oxidation in an atmosphere obtained by diluting a reducing gas (hydrogen)treatment under a mixed atmosphere containing a hydrogen gas and water vapor synthesized from oxygen and hydrogen gases by a catalyst.
12. A process as described under item 11 above, wherein the step (d) is carried out under conditions for not substantially oxidizing the refractory metal film.
13. A process for the fabrication of a semiconductor integrated circuit device, which comprises the following steps:
(a) forming, on the silicon surface of a semiconductor wafer, a groove for element isolation;
(b) embedding the groove for element isolation with an embedding material from outside;
(c) flattening the surface of the wafer by chemical mechanical polishing subsequent to the step (b);
(d) forming a polysilicon film over a silicon-oxide-film-containing gate insulation film formed over the silicon surface of the semiconductor wafer;
(e) forming a refractory metal film over


semiconductor integrated circuit, which comprises the following steps (a) to (d):
(a) thermally oxidizing a semiconductor substrate to form a gate oxide film on the principal surface of the substrate and then depositing a conductive film containing at least a metal film over the gate oxide film;
(b) patterning the conductive film by dry etching using a photoresist film as a mask, thereby forming a gate electrode for a MOSFET;
(c) removing the photoresist film and then wet etching the principal surface of the semiconductor substrate; and
(d) setting a water vapor/hydrogen partial pressure ratio of a hydrogen gas containing water vapor generated from hydrogen and oxygen by catalytic action within a range which reduces the metal film and oxidizes the principal surface of the semiconductor substrate, and selectively oxidizing the principalSpread out and continuous in the West, scattered and concentrated in a few spots in the East. That populated axis from Telavi to Dedoplistskaro is the place where most of the Georgian wine is made.

2. Longitudinal perspective


    radioFollowers: 'revision/user/fans',
        radioFollowings: 'revision/user/following',

        podcastListOptions: 'revision/category/allCategoryInfo',
        podcastOptionSubs: 'revision/category/detailCategoryPageInfo',
        podcastList: 'revision/category/queryCategoryPageAlbums',
    };

    constructor() {
    }

    public async request(uri: string, params?: object, timeout?: number): Promise<any> {
        let paramstr = params ? '?' + querystringify(params) : '';
        let url = HimalayaApi.SERVER + uri + paramstr;

        let headers = { ...HimalayaApi.HEADERS };

        let options: IRequestOptions = {
           method: 'GET',
            url,
            headers,
            gzip: true,
            timeout,
            resolveWithFullResponse: false,
        };
        let result: any = await request(options);
        let json = JSON.parse(result.trim());

        if (json.ret && json.ret != 200 && json.ret != 0) {


*     2 最近更新
     *     3 最近订阅
     */
    public async radioFavoritePodcasts(
        radioId: string,
        page: number = 1,
        size: number = 10,
        order: number = 1,
        keyword: string = ''
    ): Promise<Array<IPodcast>> {
        let json = await this.request(
            HimalayaApi.NODE_MAP.radioFavoritePodcasts,
            {
       page: page,
                pageSize: size,
                keyWord: '',
                uid: radioId,
            },
        );
        return makeRadios(json.data.fansPageInfo);
    }

    public async radioFollowingCount(radioId: string): Promise<number> {
        let json = await this.request(
            HimalayaApi.NODE_MAP.radioFollowings,


be sufficient for our purposes.

In statistical physics, $x$ represents the state of some physical system, and the distributions are typically ‘canonical’ distributions having the following form (for $j=0,1$): p\_j(x) & = & (-\_j U(x,\_j)) \[eq-canonical\] where $U(x,\lambda_j)$ is an ‘energy’ function, which may depend on the parameter $\lambda_j$, and $\beta_j$ is the inverse temperature of system $j$. Many interesting properties of the systems are related to the ‘free energy’, defined as $-\log(Z_j)\,/\,\beta_j$. Often, only the difference in free energy between systems $0$ and $1$ is relevant, and this is determined by the ratio $Z_1/Z_0$.

In Bayesian statistics, $x$ comprises the parameters and latent variables for some statistical model, $\pi_0$ is the prior distribution for these quantities (for which the normalizing constant is usually known), and $\pi_1$ is the posterior*et al* 1953). See (Neal 1993) for a review of Markov chain sampling methods. Sometimes, however, $\pi_0$ will be relatively simple, and independent points drawn from it can be generated efficiently, as would often be the case with the prior distribution for a Bayesian model, or for a physical system at infinite temperature ($\beta_0=0$).

Many methods for estimating ratios of normalizing constants from Monte Carlo data have been investigated in the physics literature (for a review, see (Neal 1993, Section 6.2)), and later rediscovered in the statistics literature (Gelman and Meng 1998). A logical method to start with is ‘simple importance sampling’ (SIS), also called ‘free energy perturbation’, based on the following identity, which can easily be proved on the assumption that no region having zero probability under $\pi_0$


usually be done by Markov chain methods, which approach the desired distribution only asymptotically. To speed convergence, the Markov chain for sampling $\pi_{\eta_j}$ is often started from the last state sampled for $\pi_{\eta_{j-1}}$, but it is unclear how many iterations should then be discarded before an adequate approximation to the correct distribution is reached.

Surprisingly, these difficulties can be completely overcome when using simple importance sampling with a single point. As shown by Jarzynski (1997, 2001), and later independently by myself (Neal 2001), an estimate for $Z_1/Z_0$ using intermediate distributions as in equation (\[eq-intermed\]) will be exactly unbiased if each of the ratios $Z_{\eta_{j+1}}/Z_{\eta_j}$ is estimated using the simple importance sampling estimate of equation (\[eq-simple\]) with $N=1$, sampling each distribution with a Markov chain update starting with the point for theseen as a simple importance sampling estimate on an extended state space that includes the values sampled for the intermediate distributions.

I call this method ‘Annealed Importance Sampling’ (AIS), since the sequence of distributions used often corresponds to an ‘annealing’ procedure, in which the temperature is gradually decreased. As I discuss in (Neal 2001), this allows the procedure to sample different isolated modes of the distribution on different runs, properly weighting the points obtained from each of these runs to produce the correct probability for each mode. AIS is related to an earlier method for moving between isolated modes that I call ‘tempered transitions’ (Neal 1996). In a recent paper (Neal 2004), I show how tempered transitions can be modified to produce a method for efficient Markov chain sampling


$Z_0$ and $Z_1$. A sequence of $n\!-\!1$ intermediate values for $\eta$ define distributions that will assist in estimating the ratio of these normalizing constants, $r=Z_1/Z_0$. We denote the values of $\eta$ for the distributions used by $\eta_0,\ldots,\eta_n$, with $\eta_0=0$ and $\eta_n=1$. Typically, $\eta_j<\eta_{j+1}$ for all $j$.

For problems in statistical physics, $\eta$ might be proportional to the inverse temperature, $\beta$, of equation (\[eq-canonical\]), or might map to a value for $\lambda$. For a Bayesian inference problem, $\eta$ might be a power that the likelihood is raised to, so that $\eta=0$ causes the data to be ignored, and $\eta=1$ gives full weight to the data; the ratio $Z_1/Z_0$ will then be the marginal likelihood. In both of these examples, progressing in small steps from $\eta=0$ to $\eta=1$ is not only usefulresult of $(K_n\!+\!1)\,/\,(K_0\!+\!1)$, but the redundant factors are retained above for clarity of meaning.)

The result of performing steps (1) through (3) is illustrated in Figure \[fig-lis\]. After $M$ runs of this procedure, the final estimate is computed as & = & [1 M]{} \_[i=1]{}\^M \^[(i)]{}

![An illustration of Linked Importance Sampling. One intermediate distribution is used, with $\eta_1=1/2$. The distributions $\pi_0$, $\pi_{1/2}$, and $\pi_1$ are represented by ovals enclosing the regions of high probability under each distribution. Nine Markov chain transitions are performed at each stage. The two link states are shown as black dots. The initial and final states (indexed by $\nu_0$ and $\mu_n$) are shown as gray dots. Other states generated by the forward and reverse Markov chain transitions are shown as empty dots. For this run, $\nu_0\!=\!4$,


distribution, $P_*$, for which we must be able to evaluate the ratios $P_*/P_0$ and $P_*/P_1$. (Note that this choice of a ‘top-level’ bridge distribution is separate from the choices of ‘low-level’ bridge distributions, $p_{j*j+1}$, though we might use the same form for both.) With the optimal bridge of equation (\[eq-opt-bridge\]), these ratios can be written as follows, if the forward procedure is performed $M$ times and the reverse procedure $\underline{M}$ times: & = & \^[-1]{}\
[P\_\*(x,,) P\_1(x,,)]{} & = & \^[-1]{} The geometric bridge of equation (\[eq-geo-bridge\]) results in & = &\
[P\_\*(x,,) P\_1(x,,)]{} & = & These expressions allow us to express bridged LIS estimates in terms of the simple LIS estimate of equation (\[eq-lis\]), and its reverse version of equation (\[eq-lis-rev\]). For the optimal bridge, we get & = & [1 M]{}of sample sizes in equation (\[eq-opt-bridge\]) should be, but using $(K_0\!+\!1)/(K_1\!+\!1)$ is probably adequate.

Analytical comparisons of AIS and LIS {#sec-anal}
=====================================

In this section, I analyse (somewhat informally) the performance of AIS and LIS asymptotically, and in other situations where analytical results are possible.

Asymptotic properties of AIS and LIS estimates {#sec-asym}
----------------------------------------------

I begin by analysing the asymptotic performance of AIS and LIS when the sequence of distributions is defined by an unnormalized density function of the following form: p\_(x) & = & p\_0(x) (-U(x)) \[eq-U-dist\] This class includes sequences of canonical distributions defined by equation (\[eq-canonical\]) in which the inverse temperature varies, as well as sequences that can be used for Bayesian analysis, in which $p_0$ defines the prior and $\eta$ is a power that the likelihood (expressed as $\exp(-U(x))$) is raised to,


concerning this class of distributions can easily be extended to any class of uniform distributions, in any number of dimensions, that have nested regions of support. For both AIS and LIS, I will assume that the intermediate distributions are defined by $\eta_j = j/n$. With this choice, the probability that a point, $x$, randomly sampled from $\pi_j$ will have $p_{j+1}(x)=1$ is $s^{1/n}$, for any $j$.

During an AIS run, only a single point is sampled from each distribution. An AIS run will produce an estimate for $r$ of zero if any of the ratios ${p_{\eta_{j+1}}(x^{(i)}_j)\,/\,
p_{\eta_j}(x^{(i)}_j)}$ in equation (\[eq-ais-est\]) are zero, which happens with probability $1 - (s^{1/n})^n\, =\, 1-s$, and will otherwise produce an estimate of one. Note that the distribution of estimates is independent of $n$. AIS is thereforeprobability that none of the $m+1$ points sampled from $\pi_{\eta_j}$ lie in the region where $p_{\eta_{j+1}}$ is one, equal to $(1-s^{1/n})^{m+1}$, must be negligible. This probability must be fairly small anyway, if LIS is to perform well.

Suppose that the computational cost of an LIS run is proportional to the sum of the number of points sampled from $\pi_0$ and the number of Markov transitions performed. If we fix this cost, the number of intermediate distributions, $n$, and the number of transitions for each distribution, $m$, will be related by $m(n\!+\!1)\,=\,C$, for some constant $C$. Assume for the moment that both $n$ and $m$ are large. The probability of a run producing a zero estimate will then be negligible, and we can assess the accuracy of the estimate for


2\,\Var(X)\,[1+\Cor(X,Y)]$, we obtain the result that, for large $m$, ( \^[(i)]{}) & & [2 (2n/t-1)(m+1)]{} {

[ll]{} n + (n-1)(2n/t-1) &   \
n + (n-1)/ (2n/t-1) &

} Setting $m = C/(n\!+\!1)$, and assuming $m/(m\!+\!1)\approx 1$, gives ( \^[(i)]{}) & & [2(n+1) C(2n/t-1)]{} {

[ll]{} n + (n-1)(2n/t-1) &   \
n + (n-1)/ (2n/t-1) &

} Numerical investigation shows that the global minimum of the variance occurs where $n$ is near $(3/2)\,t$. A second local minimum where $n$ is near $(3/4)\,t$ also exists. The two minima are nearly equally good when $t$ is large. There is a local maximum where $n$ is near $t$, with the variance there being about 19% greater than at the global minimum. The variance is much larger for very large and very small values of $n$. We therefore see that for this example too, the best resultsdistribution sequence with $s\!=\!0.05$, $t\!=\!0$, and $q\!=\!2$.[]{data-label="fig-r3"}](tst-plt3.ps)

![Results of short and long runs on the distribution sequence with $s\!=\!0.05$, $t\!=\!0$, and $q\!=\!10$.[]{data-label="fig-r4"}](tst-plt4.ps)

5

![Results of short and long runs on the distribution sequence with $s\!=\!0.3$, $t\!=\!2$, and $q\!=\!2$.[]{data-label="fig-r5"}](tst-plt5.ps)

![Results of short and long runs on the distribution sequence with $s\!=\!0.3$, $t\!=\!2$, and $q\!=\!10$.[]{data-label="fig-r6"}](tst-plt6.ps)

Figures \[fig-r1\] through \[fig-r6\] plot the mean squared errors of estimates for $\log(r)$ for the six sets of runs. Results are shown for AIS, for LIS using the geometric bridge, and for LIS using the optimal bridge, with the true value of $r$. Results for both the forward and reverse versions of each method are shown, together with the bridged version, using the optimal bridge, with $r$ obtained by iteration. Results for the short runs ($n\!=\!4$, $K_j\!=\!50$ for LIS, $n\!=\!250$ for


$q$, for sequences of distributions with $s\!=\!1$ and $t\!=\!4$. The AIS runs used $n\!=\!250$; the LIS runs used $n\!=\!4$ and $m\!=\!50$, requiring the same amount of computation.[]{data-label="fig-r9"}](tst-plt-222.ps)

![Results with increasing values of $q$, for sequences of distributions with $s\!=\!0.05$ and $t\!=\!1$. The AIS runs used $n\!=\!250$; the LIS runs used $n\!=\!4$ and $m\!=\!50$, requiring the same amount of computation.[]{data-label="fig-r10"}](tst-plt-444.ps)

As $q$ increases, the distributions become close to uniform, and the results of Section \[sec-unif\] should apply. To test this, I tried values of $q\!=\!2$, $q\!=\!10$, $q\!=\!20$, and $q\!=\!30$ for the distribution sequence with $s\!=\!1$ and $t\!=\!4$ and the sequence with $s\!=\!0.05$ and $t\!=\!0$. Results are shown in Figures \[fig-r9\] and \[fig-r10\]. (The results for $q\!=\!2$ and $q\!=\!10$ are the same as on the left in Figures \[fig-r1\] to \[fig-r4\], though the scale differs.)

For the sequencesalmost as far as the ring gear.
In order to take the load off the means for applying the annular disc against the gear wheel, the gear wheel is provided with a hub on which the annular disc is retained.
By virtue of one advantageous embodiment of the invention in which a single element only is needed in order to apply the annular disc, the annular disc is applied under the force of an element arranged on the hub, pre-tensioned to a defined degree against the side face of the gear wheel, the element being a shaft-retaining ring.
Another embodiment of the invention is characterised by the fact that the annular disc is applied against the side face under the force of a ring pressed onto the hub.
Another embodiment of the


invention is characterised in that the annular disc is coupled with the gear wheel by means of screws and/or rivets.
In order to secure efficient noise damping even in applications in which the gear wheel is susceptible to rotary vibrations originating in the drive, the invention proposes another feature whereby the annular disc is prevented from rotating relative to the gear wheel by means of a rotary locking mechanism.
A first solution to securing the annular disc consists in using a clamping sleeve to prevent the annular disc from rotating.
A second solution to securing the annular disc is to prevent the annular disc from rotating by embedding an element with a high friction value (O ring) in the end face.
In order to keep the space requirement to the sides of
310 S.W.3d 153 (2010)
Johnnie Lee CARTER, Appellant,
v.
PARK RIDGE APARTMENTS, Appellee.
No. 08-08-00154-CV.
Court of Appeals of Texas, El Paso.
March 31, 2010.
*154 Johnnie Lee Carter, El Paso, TX, pro se.
Harrel L. Davis III, Gordon, Mott & Davis, P.C., El Paso, TX, for Appellee.
Before McCLURE, J., RIVERA, J., and GUADERRAMA, Judge.

OPINION
GUADALUPE RIVERA, Justice.
Johnnie Lee Carter appeals the trial court's nunc pro tunc order on his motion for nonsuit, and order granting summary judgment in favor of Park Ridge Apartments. Finding Carter failed to comply with the briefing requirements in Rule 38.1 of the Texas Rules of Appellate Procedure, we determine that nothing is presented for review and therefore, affirm the trial court's judgment.

BACKGROUND
Carter sued Park Ridge Apartments for conversion and violations of the Texas Property Code, Texas Utilities Code, and the Texas


trial court entertained a hearing on Park Ridge's summary judgment motion. The record does not reflect that Carter filed a response to Park Ridge's motion for summary judgment, nor does it show whether he appeared at the hearing. The trial court granted summary judgment in favor of Park Ridge, and it is from that order, and the court's nunc pro tunc order on Carter's motion for nonsuit, that Carter now appeals.

ANALYSIS
On appeal, Carter brings fourteen points of error, challenging: (1) whether service of citation was proper on Park Ridge; (2) *155 whether the attorney representing Integrity Asset Management, the property management company and nonparty to the suit, could also represent Park Ridge; (3) whether Integrity Asset Management profited from its "deception;" (4) whether a nonparty may respond tocomplaint; and (14) whether the trial court erred by serving notice of its nonsuit on counsel for Integrity Asset Management, who did not represent Park Ridge. However, Carter's brief provides no argument or discussion for any of his issues save one quote from the Supreme Court's per curiam opinion in University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston v. The Estate of Darla Blackmon, 195 S.W.3d 98, 100 (Tex.2006), which simply notes the general rules applicable to a nonsuit. Carter has not provided any legal analysis or argument in support of the specific contentions he raises.
Although we must construe Carter's brief liberally, as he is appearing pro se, Carter still must comply with all applicable briefing rules. See Sterner v. Marathon Oil Co., 767 S.W.2d 686, 690 (Tex.1989); Valadez


Law performs many functions and plays a central role in business and society. Law is a small word that can be defined in many ways. According to the dictionary, the first definition of law is "a rule of conduct or procedure established by custom, agreement, or authority". Law is comprised of statutes and precedents, leading to rules that tell how to act in business and society. Law continues to grow and expand. Law is open to reason and interpretation. The word is small but the implications of the word are vast.

There are several types of law: constitutions, statutes, common law, equity, administrative regulations and decisions, treaties, ordinances, and executive orders. Constitution is the fundamental law of a nation, state, or society that establishes the authority and responsibility ofan electrochromic device, an electrode for a liquid crystal display, a transparent planar heating element, or a touch panel, and also as a transparent electromagnetic wave-shielding film.
Heretofore, functional films comprising a variety of functional materials have been produced by a physical vapor deposition (PVD) such as vacuum deposition, laser-abrasion, sputtering, or ion plating, or a chemical vapor deposition (CVD) such as thermal CVD, light CVD, or plasma CVD. These methods generally require huge facilities and some of them are not suitable for the formation of a film of a large area.
Furthermore, the film formation by coating using a sol-gel method is also known. The sol-gel method is also suitable for the formation of a film having a large area, but in most cases, it is necessary to sinter


coating method is advantageous because a transparent conductive film having a large area can be easily formed, the apparatus is simple, productivity is high, and the transparent conductive film can be produced at a cost lower than that in the sputtering method. In the transparent conductive film formed by the coating method, conductivity is expressed by the formation of an electric pathway owing to the mutual contact of the conductive fine particles. However, the transparent conductive film prepared by the conventional coating method has a defect that the contact of the conductive fine particles is insufficient owing to the presence of the binder and thus the resulting transparent conductive film has a high electric resistance (inferior conductivity), so that the use is limited.
As a production of a transparentof the production will be explained by exemplifying the case of forming a film on a plate material. According to the above patent publication, a resin, a powdery material (metal or alloy) and a plate material which is a member to be treated are first shaken or stirred in a vessel together with a film-forming medium (steel balls having a diameter of several millimeter) to form a resin layer on the surface of the member to be treated. Successively, the powdery material is trapped and fixed in the resin layer by the adhesive action of the resin layer. Further, the film-forming medium shaken or stirred imparts an impact force to the powdery material shaken or stirred to form a powder-compressed layer. However, for obtaining a fixing effect of


the above support is a transparent resin film.
As a preferred aspect of the functional film, it has a constitution wherein the above functional fine particles are conductive fine particles.
As a preferred aspect of the functional film, it has a constitution wherein average primary particle size of the above conductive fine particles is in the range of 5 to 50 nm.
As a preferred aspect of the functional film, it has a constitution wherein the thickness of the above functional layer is in the range of 0.5 to 5 xcexcm.
Further, as a preferred aspect of the functional film, it has a constitution wherein the above functional layer contains a resin in an amount of the range of 3.7 by volume or less when the volume of the above conductive fineneed to update tho, since the bios is typically not something you mess around with and is likely whatever version it was the day you bought it.

To update your bios, go to gigabyte.com and click support/download, enter your exact mobo model number and follow the instructions - there should also be a manual there to download should you want further reading on the process. (A friendly warning, be sure you pick exactly the right mobo model and details XD)


the underworld through two new Epic Mission Arcs.

Fleet finder utility - Allows pilots to quickly mobilize.

New in-game browser - Based on modern, secure and robust technology.

Revamped mail system - Includes standard tagging tools to help keep messages organized.

Graphic redesign - CCP continues its planned graphic upgrades to EVE. Varied planets, from desert to ice, glow with unique beauty, orbited by harsh moons that show the scars and craters of their ancient formation.remainder when 51 is divided by 35.
16
What is the remainder when 623 is divided by 78?
77
Calculate the remainder when 37 is divided by 12.
1
What is the remainder when 212 is divided by 186?
26
Calculate the remainder when 428 is divided by 134.
26
What is the remainder when 85 is divided by 76?
9
What is the remainder when 412 is divided by 18?
16
What is the remainder when 72 is divided by 4?
0
What is the remainder when 1127 is divided by 24?
23
What is the remainder when 1077 is divided by 61?
40
What is the remainder when 401 is divided by 29?
24
What is the remainder when 538 is divided by 45?
43
What is the remainder when 167 is divided by 9?
5
Calculate the remainder when 261 is divided by 12.
9
What is the remainder when 518 is divided


quite delicious. Normally served with roasted potatoes, I asked for fruit as a cool, refreshing substitute. The bitterness of the arugula salad was a nice complement.

If I had one critique, however, in comparison to Mrs. All in WDW’s Tailored Omelet (pictured below), the Rock Shrimp Omelet is kind of small. Other than that, it’s definitely worth a try!

So. I did say that we go back to places “again and again”, now, didn’t I?

Well, Mrs. All in WDW and I definitely are creatures of habit. On our most-recent trip to The World (made over the 4th of July holiday), we paid the Captain yet another visit!

This time, though, I got clever. Or, so I thought! This time, I ordered a Tailored Omelet, but I made it my version ofa shrimp omelet!

I would say that the results were mixed. The omelet was certainly loaded with shrimp. Of that, there was no doubt. I included tomato, onion, and green pepper. All good, eh? Not really.

Folks, my recipe went sideways with the cheese. When the server asked me what cheese I wanted to add to my “masterpiece”, I froze. For some reason, I settled on mozzarella.

I’m telling you now that mozzarella was not the right choice. What was? Stop back tomorrow. In “Dining Recon: Breakfast at The Wave … of American Flavors”, I learned that secret myself!


the constitutional court of the state.

Seoul Detention Centre said that Lee is not allowed to meet anyone including other prisoners as he is alleged in a single cell. He has been arrested in company with the associates of President Park Geun-Hye’s group.

jay Y. Lee

Jay Lee’s name is in the list of rich peoples. He has approximately $6.2 billion wealth and a $4 million residence located in Seoul. He is also the chief of Samsung consumer electronic group. Now, he is not in his luxurious world, he is in the detention center. There he will not get any preferential care and his daily food will include rice and a side dishes. The food will cost some $1.26 only. He is kept in a 71 square feet corner and aSD = 10, *p* \< 0.05).Serry et al. (2015)\[[@CR71]\]*Purpose*: To investigate the efficacy of TENS versus aerobic exercise and to compare them with regular pharmacological therapy in patients with diabetic PN.Group A: Received TENS therapy for 30 min 3 times per week for 8 weeks in addition to regular pharmacological therapy for PN.Group B: Engaged in aerobic exercise for 30 min 3 times for week for 8 weeks in addition to regular pharmacological therapy for PN.Group C: Received only regular pharmacological therapy for PN and oral hypoglycemic drugs or insulin.Pain intensity evaluated using a VAS.Compared to pharmacologic management, both the TENS and exercise groups had significant reductions in mean VAS pain score (TENS group 41.6% reduction, exercise group 16.7% reduction, *p* \< 0.05). Group C (pharmacological management) showed no significant reductions in pain intensity.Reichstein et al. (2005)\[[@CR74]\]*Purpose*: To


a week for 12 weeks.Control: Usual careSubjective: Korean version of the SF-36v2 (36-Item Short Form Health Survey version 2)Significant improvement in mean SF-36v2 score for several subsets including physical function (*p* = 0.028), bodily pain (*p* = 0.009), physical role limitation (*p* = 0.006), emotional role limitation (*p* = 0.002), and social functioning (*p* = 0.001)Teixeira (2010)\[[@CR62]\]*Purpose*: Evaluate the effectiveness of mindfulness meditation on quality of life among adults living with symptomatic diabetic PN.Intervention: Treatment group received instruction in mindfulness meditation and were instructed to listen to guided CD 5 days per week over a 4-week period.Control: Nutritional advice and asked to maintain a food diary for 4 weeksQuality of life using NQoLNo significant differences for adjusted overall QoL; symptom-related QoL; emotion-related QoL; sensory-motor related QoL; pain QoL*CIPN* = chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy; *M* = mean; *SD* = standard deviation; *PN* =peripheral neuropathy; *CI* = confidence interval; *PDPN* = painful diabetic peripheral neuropathy; *OR* = odds ratio; *SE* = standard error; *n.s.* = not significantTable 5Other outcomes: summary of measures and resultsFirst author (year)Purpose and interventionOutcome measuresMain findingsNathan et al. (2017)\[[@CR63]\]*Purpose*: Evaluate the effectiveness of community-based mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) courses to improve physical and mental functioning among patients with PDPN whose medical treatment has been optimized.Intervention: Nine sessions of MBSR: eight weekly, 2.5-h sessions and one 6-h session on a weekend day midway through the course.Control: Usual activities, offered the opportunity to enroll in a MBSR course once the study was complete.Glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) measurement; Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) for depression; Profile of Mood States-2A (POMS-2A) for total mood disturbance; Perceived Stress Scale (PSS); Pain Catastrophizing Scale (PCS)Mean


significant difference was seen in HbA1c levels post-intervention in the tai chi group (*M* = 7.20, SD = 1.32, *p* = 0.004) compared to the control group (*M* = 8.32, SD = 1.76, *p* = 0.004). Differences in pre- and post-test balance mean scores indicated significant improvement in balance for the tai chi group (*M* = − 7.65, SD = 16.78, *p* = 0.044), compared to the control group (*M* = 1.44, SD = 9.97, *p* = 0.044). The SWME identified no significant changes in peripheral sensory function pre- and post-test.Kluding et al. (2012)\[[@CR64]\]*Purpose*: Examine the feasibility of a supervised, moderately intense aerobic and resistance exercise program in people with diagnosed diabetic PN.Intervention: 10-week exercise program with both aerobic and strengthening elements, 3 to 4 times per week.Control: NoneBMI; Resting heart rate (RHR)Glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c); Michigan Neuropathy Screening Instrument (MNSI) physical exam score; Nerve conduction studies (NCS); Quantitative Sensory Testing (QST); intraepidermal nervethe high-frequency muscle stimulation group and the TENS group, with the high-frequency muscle stimulation group reporting larger symptom reductions than the TENS group.

Dixit et al. found significant improvements in mean Michigan Diabetic Neuropathy Scores (MDNS) across sensory, motor, and reflex subscales between baseline and the 8th week for the exercise group compared to the control group \[[@CR66]\]. Kluding et al. similarly reported significant improvements in neuropathy impairment scores following a single arm exercise intervention, with overall mean Michigan Neuropathy Screening Instrument (MNSI) symptom scores decreasing significantly post-exercise intervention \[[@CR64]\]. In a single arm study that utilized the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer-CIPN20 (EORTC-CIPN20) to identify self-reported changes in CIPN symptoms \[[@CR72]\], median baseline scores reduced following a TENS intervention. In another study that utilized the


and overall quality of life \[[@CR66]\]. While Nathan et al. did not report a total NeuroQoL mean score for either group or subtests scores at each assessment point, significant differences were reported across a number of subdimensions between the meditation and control groups, including reductions in pain severity, pain interference with daily activities, pain interference with emotional and physical roles, and in the effect of pain symptoms on mood \[[@CR63]\]. Nathan et al. also assessed perceived quality of life related to general health and well-being using the Short Form-12 Health Survey version 2 (SF-12) and the Patient Global Impression of Change (PGIC) \[[@CR63]\]. Patients in the mindfulness group reported improvements in symptoms across all SF-12 subscales in comparison with the control group, with the exception of vitality andwhich these activities could be recommended across populations.

Discussion {#Sec18}
==========

This review sought to identify the effectiveness of self-initiated self-management strategies in alleviating self-reported PN symptoms. This review suggests that a range of self-initiated strategies, including massage, hot baths, TENS therapy, exercise, and meditation, may be effective in reducing self-reported PN symptoms and may improve aspects of quality of life for those living with PN. Fourteen of the 16 studies recorded some positive effects regarding outcomes measured, including pain, quality of life, and general health \[[@CR59], [@CR61], [@CR63]--[@CR73]\]. These positive findings highlight the potential benefits of these interventions for patients with PN, although the high risk of bias in nearly all studies included in this review means results should be considered with caution. Further research in this area is needed.

Notwithstanding


the lawyer’s 4-year-old daughter. Brief for
Petitioner 11. A number of medical clinicians testified
that, in their professional opinion, Hall was “significantly
retarded,” App. 507; was “mentally retarded,” id., at 517;
and had levels of understanding “typically [seen] with
toddlers,” id., at 523.
   As explained below in more detail, an individual’s abil
ity or lack of ability to adapt or adjust to the requirements
of daily life, and success or lack of success in doing so, is
central to the framework followed by psychiatrists and
other professionals in diagnosing intellectual disability.
See DSM–5, at 37. Hall’s siblings testified that there was
something “very wrong” with him as a child. App. 466.
Hall was “slow with speech and . . . slow to learn.” Id., at
490. He “walked and talked long after his other brothers
and sisters,” id., at 461,and had “great difficulty forming
his words,” id., at 467.
   Hall’s upbringing appeared to make his deficits in adap
tive functioning all the more severe. Hall was raised—in
the words of the sentencing judge—“under the most horri
ble family circumstances imaginable.” Id., at 53. Al
though “[t]eachers and siblings alike immediately recog
nized [Hall] to be significantly mentally retarded . . . [t]his
retardation did not garner any sympathy from his mother,
but rather caused much scorn to befall him.” Id., at 20.
Hall was “[c]onstantly beaten because he was ‘slow’ or
because he made simple mistakes.” Ibid. His mother
“would strap [Hall] to his bed at night, with a rope thrown
over a rafter. In the morning, she would awaken Hall by
hoisting him up and whipping him with a belt, rope, or
cord.” Ibid. Hall was beaten “ten


the law, if an I. Q. is above 70, a person
is not mentally retarded”). The Florida Supreme Court
rejected Hall’s appeal and held that Florida’s 70-point
threshold was constitutional. 109 So. 3d, at 707–708.
  This Court granted certiorari. 571 U. S. ___ (2013).
                             II
   The Eighth Amendment provides that “[e]xcessive bail
shall not be required, nor excessive fines imposed, nor
cruel and unusual punishments inflicted.” The Four
teenth Amendment applies those restrictions to the
States. Roper v. Simmons, 543 U. S. 551, 560 (2005);
Furman v. Georgia, 408 U. S. 238, 239–240 (1972) (per
curiam). “By protecting even those convicted of heinous
crimes, the Eighth Amendment           HALL v. FLORIDA

                     Opinion of the Court

so even though the medical community accepts that all of
this evidence can be probative of intellectual disability,
including for individuals who have an IQ test score above
70. See APA Brief 15–16 (“[T]he relevant clinical authori
ties all agree that an individual with an IQ score above 70
may properly be diagnosed with intellectual disability if
significant limitations in adaptive functioning also exist”);
DSM–5, at 37 (“[A] person with an IQ score above 70 may
have such severe adaptive behavior problems . . . that the
person’s actual functioning is comparable to that of indi
viduals with a lower IQ


adopt any
‘margin of error’ when examining a defendant’s IQ score”).
Petitioner does not question the rule in States which use a
bright-line cutoff at 75 or greater, Tr. of Oral Arg. 9, and
                 Cite as: 572 U. S. ____ (2014)           13

                     Opinion of the Court

so they are not included alongside Florida in this analysis.
  In addition to these States, Arizona, Delaware, Kansas,
North Carolina, and Washington have statutes which
could be interpreted to provide a bright-line cutoff leading
to the same result that Florida mandates inM.
Laws ch. 11, §§5–7. In addition, the New York Court of
Appeals invalidated New York’s death penalty under the
State Constitution in 2004, see People v. LeValle, 3 N. Y.
3d 88, 817 N. E. 2d 341 (2004), and legislation has not
been passed to reinstate it. And when it did impose the
death penalty, New York did not employ an IQ cutoff in
determining intellectual disability. N. Y. Crim. Proc. Law
Ann. §400.27(12)(e) (West 2005).
   In addition to these States, at least five others have
passed legislation allowing a defendant to present addi
tional evidence of intellectual disability even when an IQ
test score is above 70. See Cal. Penal Code Ann. §1376
(West Supp. 2014) (no IQ cutoff); Idaho Code §19–2515A
(Lexis Supp. 2013) (“seventy (70) or below”); Pizzutto v.
State, 146 Idaho 720, 729, 202 P.


the full scope of the constitutional protection.
   The Atkins Court twice cited definitions of intellectual
disability which, by their express terms, rejected a strict
IQ test score cutoff at 70. Atkins first cited the definition
provided in the DSM–IV: “ ‘Mild’ mental retardation is
typically used to describe people with an IQ level of 50–55
to approximately 70.” 536 U. S., at 308, n. 3 (citing Diag
nostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders 41 (4th
ed. 2000)). The Court later noted that “ ‘an IQ between 70
and 75 or lower . . . is typically considered the cutoff IQ
score for the intellectual function prong of the mental
retardation definition.’ ” 536 U. S., at 309, n. 5. Further
more, immediately after the Court declared that it left “ ‘to
the States the task of developingeligibility for the
death penalty, a State must afford these test scores the
same studied skepticism that those who design and use
the tests do, and understand that an IQ test score repre
sents a range rather than a fixed number. A State that
ignores the inherent imprecision of these tests risks exe
cuting a person who suffers from intellectual disability.
See APA Brief 17 (“Under the universally accepted clinical
standards for diagnosing intellectual disability, the court’s
determination that Mr. Hall is not intellectually disabled
cannot be considered valid”).
   This Court agrees with the medical experts that when a
defendant’s IQ test score falls within the test’s acknowl
edged and inherent margin of error, the defendant must
be able to present additional evidence of intellectual disa
bility, including testimony regarding adaptive deficits.
   It is not sound to view


572 U. S. ____ (2014)                     5

                          ALITO, J., dissenting

score is between 70 and 75, ante, at 20;2 and 19 States
have abolished the death penalty or have long suspended
its operation. Ante, at 14. From these numbers, the Court
concludes that “in 41 States” a defendant “with an IQ
score of 71” would “not be deemed automatically eligible
for the death penalty.” Ibid.3 This analysis is deeply
flawed.
   To begin, in addition to the 8 other States that the Court
recognizes as having rules similar to Florida’s, 1for Petitioner
50.
   4 See Idaho Code §19–2515A(1)(b) (Lexis Cum. Supp. 2013); Pizzuto v.

State, 146 Idaho 720, 729, 202 P. 3d 642, 651 (2008) (stating that “the
legislature did not require that the IQ score be within five points of 70
or below” and giving the District Court discretion to interpret the
defendant’s IQ).
   5 Montana, New Hampshire, and Wyoming have not ruled on the

subject. Two States have not defined “significantly subaverage” intel
lectual functioning. See Colo. Rev. Stat. Ann. §18–1.3–1101(2) (2013);
S. C. Code Ann. §16–3–20 (2003 and 2013 Cum. Supp.); Franklin v.
Maynard, 356 S. C. 276, 278–279, 588 S. E. 2d 604, 605 (2003) (per
curiam). Two States have statutes that impose rebuttable presump
tions of intellectual disability if a defendant’s IQ is below 65 or 70 but
have not said


that a
State has abolished the death penalty says nothing about
how that State would resolve the evidentiary problem of
identifying defendants who are intellectually disabled. As
I explain below, a State may reasonably conclude that
Florida’s approach is fairer than and just as accurate as
the approach that the Court now requires, and therefore it
cannot be inferred that a non-death-penalty State, if
forced to choose between the two approaches, would neces
sarily select the Court’s. For all these reasons, it is quite
——————

must prove deficits in adaptive behavior despite having an IQ below 70.

See Stripling v. State, 261 Ga. 1, 3, 401 S. E. 2d 500, 504 (1991).

Another State’s Supreme Court mentioned the SEM in responding to

an argument by the defendant, but it did not suggest that the SEM was

legally relevant.according to IQ. See DSM–IV–TR, at 42.
   We have been presented with no solid evidence that the
longstanding reliance on multiple IQ test scores as a
measure of intellectual functioning is so unreasonable or
outside the ordinary as to be unconstitutional. The Court
has certainly not supplied any such information.
                           2
  If the Court had merely held that Florida must permit
defendants to introduce additional evidence (whatever
that might be) of significantly subaverage intellectual

——————
  10 See AAIDD 11th ed. 10 (cataloguing history of IQ “cutoff criteria”
since 1959); DSM–IV–TR, at 39 (“Mental Retardation” is “characterized
by significantly subaverage intellectual functioning (an IQ of approxi
mately 70 or


in this cause.” Id., at 56. Hall was again sen
tenced to death. The Florida Supreme Court affirmed,
concluding that “Hall’s argument that his mental retarda
tion provided a pretense of moral or legal justification”
had “no merit.” Hall, 614 So. 2d, at 478. Chief Justice
Barkett dissented, arguing that executing a person with
intellectual disability violated the State Constitution’s
prohibition on cruel and unusual punishment. Id., at 481–
482.
   In 2002, this Court ruled that the Eighth Amendment
prohibited the execution of persons with intellectual disa
bility. Atkins v. Virginia, 536 U. S., at 321. On November
30, 2004, Hall filed a motion claiming that he had intellec
tual disability and could not be executed. More than five
years later, Florida held a hearing to consider Hall’s mo
tion. Hall again presented evidence of intellectual disabil
ity, including an IQtest score of 71. (Hall had received
                 Cite as: 572 U. S. ____ (2014)            5

                     Opinion of the Court

nine IQ evaluations in 40 years, with scores ranging from
60 to 80, Brief for Respondent 8, but the sentencing court
excluded the two scores below 70 for evidentiary reasons,
leaving only scores between 71 and 80. See App. 107; 109
So. 3d 704, 707 (Fla. 2012)). In response, Florida argued
that Hall could not be found intellectually disabled be
cause Florida law requires that, as a threshold matter,
Hall


executed. Atkins, 536 U. S., at 321.
   No legitimate penological purpose is served by executing
a person with intellectual disability. Id., at 317, 320. To
do so contravenes the Eighth Amendment, for to impose
the harshest of punishments on an intellectually disabled
person violates his or her inherent dignity as a human
being. “[P]unishment is justified under one or more of
three principal rationales: rehabilitation, deterrence, and
retribution.” Kennedy v. Louisiana, 554 U. S. 407, 420
(2008). Rehabilitation, it is evident, is not an applicable
rationale for the death penalty. See Gregg v. Georgia, 428
U. S. 153, 183 (1976) (joint opinion of Stewart, Powell, and
Stevens, JJ.). As for deterrence, those with intellectual
disability are, by reason of their condition, likely unable to
make the calculated judgments that are the premise for
the deterrence rationale. They have a “diminished   Opinion of the Court

professionals use their learning and skills to study and
consider the consequences of the classification schemes
they devise in the diagnosis of persons with mental or
psychiatric disorders or disabilities. Society relies upon
medical and professional expertise to define and explain
how to diagnose the mental condition at issue. And the
definition of intellectual disability by skilled professionals
has implications far beyond the confines of the death
penalty: for it is relevant to education, access to social
programs, and medical treatment plans. In determining
who qualifies as intellectually disabled, it is proper to
consult the medical community’s opinions.
   As the Court noted in Atkins, the medical community
defines intellectual disability according to three criteria:
significantly subaverage intellectual functioning, deficits
in adaptive functioning (the inability to learn basic skills
and adjust behavior to changing circumstances), and


question the rule in States which use a
bright-line cutoff at 75 or greater, Tr. of Oral Arg. 9, and
                 Cite as: 572 U. S. ____ (2014)           13

                     Opinion of the Court

so they are not included alongside Florida in this analysis.
  In addition to these States, Arizona, Delaware, Kansas,
North Carolina, and Washington have statutes which
could be interpreted to provide a bright-line cutoff leading
to the same result that Florida mandates in its cases. See
Ariz. Rev. Stat. Ann. §13–753(F) (West 2013); Del. Code
Ann. Tit.courts to “take into account
the margin of error for a test administered.” Id. at §14
753(K)(5). How courts are meant to interpret the statute
in a situation like Hall’s is not altogether clear. The prin
cipal Arizona case on the matter, State v. Roque, 141 P. 3d
368, (Ariz 2006), states that “the statute accounts for
margin of error by requiring multiple tests,” and that “if
the defendant achieves a full-scale score of 70 or below on
any one of the tests, then the court proceeds to a hearing.”
Id. at 403. But that case also notes that the defendant
had an IQ score of 80, well outside the margin of error,
and that all but one of the sub-parts of the IQ test were
“above 75.” Id.
  Kansas has not had an execution in almost five decades,
14


                 D
  The actions of the States and the precedents of this
Court “give us essential instruction,” Roper, 543 U. S., at
564, but the inquiry must go further. “[T]he Constitution
contemplates that in the end our own judgment will be
brought to bear on the question of the acceptability of the
death penalty under the Eighth Amendment.” Coker v.
Georgia, 433 U. S. 584, 597 (1977) (plurality opinion).
That exercise of independent judgment is the Court’s
judicial duty. See Roper, supra, at 574 (“[T]o the extent
Stanford was based on a rejection of the idea that this
Court is required to bring its independent judgment to
bear on the proportionality of the death penalty for a
particular class of crimes or offenders,of 70 or below” to a “score
of approximately 70 to 75 or below.” AAIDD 11th ed. 10
(Table 1.3) (boldface deleted); see 2 Kaplan & Sadock’s
Comprehensive Textbook of Psychiatry 3449 (B. Sadock,
V. Sadock, & P. Ruiz eds., 9th ed. 2009) (hereinafter
Kaplan & Sadock’s). That change “generated much con
troversy”; by 2000, “only 4 states used the 1992 AAIDD
definition, with 44 states continuing to use the 1983 defi
nition.” Ibid. And in the 2002 AAIDD, the baseline “IQ
cut-off was changed” back to approximately “70 or less.”
Ibid.
   Second, the Court’s approach implicitly calls upon the
Judiciary either to follow every new change in the think
ing of these professional organizations or to judge the
validity of each new change. Here, for example, the Court
tacitly makes the judgment that the diagnostic criteria for
intellectual disability that


a court must “consider factors indi
cating whether the person has deficits in adaptive func
tioning.” Ante, at 12; see ante, at 9–10, 20. In other
words, even when a defendant has failed to show that he
meets the first prong of the well-accepted standard for
intellectual disability (significantly subaverage intellec
tual functioning), evidence of the second prong (deficits in
adaptive behavior) can establish intellectual disability.
   The Court offers little explanation for this sea change.
——————
   11 See, e.g., Del. Code Ann., Tit. 11, §4209 (2007); Idaho Code §19–

2515A; Nev. Rev. Stat. §174.098 (2013); Va. Code Ann. §19.2–264.3:1.1
(Lexis Cum. Supp. 2013).
   12 The longstanding views of professional organizations have also

been that intellectual functioning and adaptive behavior are independ
ent factors. See, e.g., DSM–IV–TR, at 39. These organizations might
recommend examining evidence of  HALL v. FLORIDA

                      ALITO, J., dissenting

subgroup, and age group.” User’s Guide To Accompany
AAIDD 11th ed.: Definition, Classification, and Systems of
Supports 22 (2012).
   Once we know the SEM for a particular test and a par
ticular test-taker, adding one SEM to and subtracting one
SEM from the obtained score establishes an interval of
scores known as the 66% confidence interval. See AAMR
10th ed. 57. That interval represents the range of scores
within which “we are [66%] sure” that the “true” IQ falls.
See Oxford Handbook of Child Psychological Assessment
291 (D. Saklofske, C. Reynolds, & V. Schwean eds. 2013).
The interval is centered on the obtained score, and it
includes scores that


A match of the season at Chievo next week.

The Argentine’s 614 Serie A appearances is bettered only by former AC Milan and Italy defender Paolo Maldini but is by far and away the most of any foreign player to play in Italy.

In that time Zanetti has won five league titles, scored in a 3-0 1998 UEFA Cup final win against Lazio and played a key role in the treble-winning 2010 side that claimed the club’s first European Cup in nearly half a century.

Zanetti will leave the game a symbol of better times for Italian football, when one-club legends like Maldini, Alessandro Del Piero and Francesco Totti helped make Serie A the toughest, and arguably the best league in the world.

Next season only Totti will be left, and hiswould line up well with a swipe-to-go-back navigation gesture.

About 30 minutes after the post went up, it was updated with a new image that cropped out the navigation bar. For now, the original, uncropped image is still on Google's servers here.


norm in the 1990s and as records from Eastern Europe have become available, is that Jewish voices add factuality, perspective, and thought.

To reject historical analogies is to disqualify the recollections of the people most directly concerned, the Jews themselves. We may think now that we know what the Holocaust was, but survivors could only communicate in terms they inherited from the past. Some Soviet Jews spoke of Stalinist terror. Polish Jews recalled pogroms. Rabbis reminded their congregations of biblical suffering. In 1941 and 1942, Jews in the occupied Soviet Union associated public shootings with Yom Kippur. All of these are imperfect analogies, because all analogies are imperfect. Yet such attempts to make sense of the unfamiliar generated a language of experience that allowed Jews to describe the Holocaust.mean a cataclysm generally; then, by the late 20th, the mass murder of the European Jews.

One of the reasons the word has such particular force in American English is that during the Cold War, before the Jewish Holocaust became a central element of American memory, we used Holocaust in the sense of “nuclear holocaust.” We shifted from one to the other almost seamlessly, preserving the sense of “the worst thing imaginable.”

Placing a taboo on discussions of concentration camps is even more grotesque than placing a taboo on discussions of the Holocaust, since it moves the veil beyond wartime Europe and allows it to fall over the whole history of the modern world. Rejecting all references to concentration camps would mean forgetting European imperialism, the Soviet Union, and contemporary


China. Incidentally, no one seemed to mind much when Anne Applebaum, a distinguished historian of communism, thoughtfully applied the phrase “never again” to China. Chinese human rights abuses are on an entirely different scale than American ones, and Applebaum is right that they deserve more attention. But it is illogical to apply historical terms to others while insisting on a safe space for ourselves.

The more reference points we have, the more complete our picture of risk. The detention centers are like concentration camps in some respects: They are hidden from sight and subject to a minimal regime of law. They are unlike concentration camps (at least in the German and Soviet conception) in that their initial purpose is not to isolate some citizens from others for fixed durationspublic in that way, and in that sense more resemble ghettos. Like the ghettos, our detention centers create unhealthy opportunities for profit by private companies. Unlike the ghettos of Nazi Europe, they do not serve the horrifying vision of the physical elimination of an entire society. They do, however, serve a politics of us and them in which we are the good and lawful ones and they are the evil and lawless ones.

Perhaps the most Orwellian aspect of the museum’s position is that it attempts to ban a healthy mental operation that the human mind reflexively performs: learning. No analogy with the 1930s or 1940s will be the perfect fit—if it were, it would not be an analogy!— but so long as we are all working together in


It’s time to seriously explore developing and deploying space-based interceptors, which would give the United States several advantages and improve the effectiveness of its missile defense architecture.

First, space-based interceptors would provide the ability to intercept an incoming enemy missile early in its trajectory, before it could release decoys and countermeasures meant to confuse missile defenses; second, they can fill gaps with our terrestrially-based missile defense and create depth of fire to protect population centers and other critical assets; third, they can augment our current defenses by thinning an enemy salvo in the midcourse phase of flight before it begins its descent towards its target; lastly, a space-based missile intercept layer will change an adversary’s behavior by limiting their choices of launch points and timing as well as flighthave each supported the concept; the latter wrote a passage of the 2019 National Defense Authorization Act that requires the Pentagon, for the first time, to get started on an SBI layer.

The second factor is the president’s public statements supporting missile defense, generally, and the Trump administration’s focus on great-power competition. On the latter point, its National Defense Strategy expressed the determination to achieve and maintain U.S. strategic superiority over its adversaries, rather than parity. Having an SBI layer would improve America’s ability to do this very thing.

The first priority of the United States must always be its national security. Defending ourselves in space and from space must be a part of our military going forward. We have the technology, resources and talent; we just need the will


California."
"The plaintiff, Clyde Hufbauer, Architect, Inc., was incorporated on April 21, 1959, as a successor to the architectural business previously conducted by plaintiff, Clyde Hufbauer, as sole proprietor. On or about September 14, 1959, the plaintiff corporation filed a federal income tax return for the period January 1, 1959 to June 30, 1959, and paid $38,255.32 in federal income taxes shown to be due thereon to the District Director of Internal Revenue at Los Angeles, California, prior to the end of the year 1959. It included in that return all of the income ($125,102.73) and deductions ($60,068.88) of the proprietorship from January 1, 1959, to April 20, 1959, and its own income and deductions for the period April 21, 1959 to June 30, 1959."
"The plaintiff, Clyde Hufbauer, andhis former wife, Arabella Hufbauer, filed a joint federal income tax return for the calendar year 1959 with the District Director of Internal Revenue at Los Angeles on or about April 15, 1960, and did not report any income or deductions from the architectural business carried on as a sole proprietorship during the period January 1, 1959 to April 20, 1959. Upon audit the Commissioner of Internal Revenue determined that the said omission was incorrect and, accordingly, assessed an income tax deficiency against plaintiff, Clyde Hufbauer, in the amount of $41,921.56 and interest in the amount of $15,755.04. The assessment was timely made on July 22, 1966 since the six-year statute of limitations on assessment applied where an amount omitted from gross income was more than 25% of


the gross income reported."
"At the time the defendant commenced its audit of plaintiff, Clyde Hufbauer, which led to the assessment involved herein, the period of limitations for obtaining a refund on behalf of corporate plaintiff, Clyde Hufbauer, Architect, Inc., had expired; the period of limitations having expired on September 15, 1962."
"The amount of the said assessment against plaintiff, Clyde Hufbauer, was based upon the inclusion of $65,033.85 as taxable income to plaintiff, Clyde Hufbauer, which was reported by the plaintiff, Clyde Hufbauer, Architect, Inc., and the amount of $566.20 attributable to certain auto expenses paid by the corporate plaintiff which was deemed to be informal dividends to Mrs. Arabella Hufbauer. (The $566.20 informal dividends to Mrs. Arabella Hufbauer are not in issue). The said deficiency of $41,921.56 andp. 300, 67 S.Ct. at p. 273. The Court pointed out that in both Bull and Stone a single transaction had been taxed twice, on two inconsistent legal theories; furthermore, the Court pointed out that in Stone any recovery by the trustees would have inured to the benefit of the beneficiary, who had otherwise escaped tax by the operation of the statute of limitations. The taxpayer in Rothensies argued that if the excise taxes which had been earlier recovered were properly treated as "income", the amount of those excise taxes which had not been recoverable in the earlier action due to the statute of limitations should be treated as a recoupment. However, the Court rejected the taxpayer's assertion of equitable recoupment as a basis for refund where the


minimal number of stages, without extensive buffering to isolate nodes from each other, this configuration is less stable than some others. That is, parameter variation at one node may affect the behavior of other nodes. In such a circuit configuration, since the drop across the active elements is essentially defined by the device threshold voltages, process-induced variations in the threshold voltages can significantly affect the voltage drops seen. For example, where both N-channel and P-channel threshold voltages V.sub.TN and V.sub.TP are specified at 0.75.+-.0.25 volts, the effective power supply voltage different across the oscillator may be anywhere from one to two volts, i.e. a 2:1 variation is possible. In fact, this variation in threshold voltages may cause as much as a 3:1 variation in current, and change theloop gain of the oscillator.
A problem which has been discovered with such circuits is current diversion when the oscillator is started up. To better understand this problem, the concept of the "trip point" of a circuit stage will first be explained.
The solid-line curve of FIG. 6 is a typical curve of output voltage (V.sub.out) versus input voltage (V.sub.in) behavior of an inverter stage for a typical MOS inverter circuit. As this graph shows, the output voltage of an inverter will shift rapidly when the input voltage reaches voltages close to the trip voltage V.sub.trip, from a voltage near a first power supply V.sub.DD to a voltage near a second power supply V.sub.SS. This curve is typical of a digital circuit (such as an inverter), but the same concept


can also be applied to some (but not all) analog circuits. In some nonlinear analog circuits (such as the amplifier stage 110 in FIG. 1), a plot of V.sub.out versus V.sub.in will show maximum steepness near an intermediate input voltage, which may be referred to here as the trip voltage V.sub.trip.
The dotted line in FIG. 6 shows how these characteristics can be modified. For example, the trip voltage of an inverter can be shifted by changing the ratio of the channel lengths of the PMOS and NMOS devices. For example, the dotted line curve of FIG. 6 shows an alternative inverter circuit with a somewhat lower trip voltage. Such a lower trip voltage could be produced by shortening the length of the n-channel pull-down transistor. For example, ifin such a condition the oscillator may simply stay in a "stuck" condition.
In fact, it has been experimentally discovered that, if the design trip voltage of the gain stage in the amplifier and of the following inverter stages are equal, then the onset of oscillation can be determined solely by externally generated electrical noise. (The electrical noise may be sufficient to bring the oscillator to an operating point where its loop gain exceeds unity, so that oscillation can thereafter be maintained.) This produces an undesirable degree of unreliability. This is particularly true since the testers normally used to test integrated circuits tend to be high-noise environments. Thus, integrated circuits which will reliably begin oscillation in a tester (due to the high electrical noise levels) may be unable to


the AC signal at the input of the first buffer stage may be entirely swamped. That is, the larger the difference in trip voltages between the gain stage of the amplifier and the first buffer stage, the larger magnitude of signal must be supplied at the input to the buffer stage. This in turn implies that the gain stage to the oscillator will require more current draw, and therefore will consume more power, which is undesirable.
Thus, according to this (novel) analysis of the characteristics of such a circuit, it is desirable that the trip voltages of the oscillator gain stage and of the first buffer stage be exactly equal when the oscillator is running, but be different when the oscillator is starting up.
The present invention introduces additional circuitlength which is much longer than that of the load transistor, and a second stage having an input connected to a node between the driver and load transistors of the first stage.
According to the present invention there is also provided: An integrated circuit oscillator, comprising: first and second leads connectable to a resonator; an amplifier stage, comprising a PMOS pull-up transistor and an NMOS pull-down transistor, and having an output side operatively connected to the first lead and an input side operatively connected to the second lead; an output buffer, having an input lead operatively connected to receive an AC signal from the input side of the amplifier stage, and connected to receive a quasi-DC signal from the output side of the amplifier stage; a bias feedback path,


hp pav

Hi. Im new here, just want to ask for some help regarding my laptop.
I have a hp pavillion dv6000 rx945av that came with vista, and i want to upgrade it to window 7. Will I have an issues or problems with regards to the drivers?In North Carolina The Winston-Salem Journal, a paper that endorsed McCain in 2008 and has not endorsed a Democrat for president since LBJ, conveyed similar sentiments about Romney in their endorsement of President Obama:

"Four years ago on this page, we endorsed Republican U.S. Sen. John McCain of Arizona over Obama. We wrote that we were impressed with Obama, but McCain would “bring the Iraq war to a successful conclusion, work to end American dependence on foreign oil, reduce America's output of climate-changing gases and begin the rebuilding of our economy.”

The Democratic president has done all those things and more. He is calm under pressure and courageous in standing up for the rights of all Americans, including the poor, veterans, the elderly, women, gays and immigrants. In contrast, we’ve


2 goats were fed 4 and 20 kg of S. glauca harvested after it had finished flowering, more than 3 weeks after the first natural cases of blindness. Based on epidemiological and pathological data we propose that S. glauca is toxic to stock, but only for a short period while flowering in spring.Second generation competitive enzyme immunoassay for detection of bovine antibody to Brucella abortus.
A second generation competitive enzyme immunoassay (CELISA) for detection of bovine antibody to Brucella abortus was developed. This assay was different from previously developed CELISAs in that the detection reagent used was a recombinant combination of the receptor portions of protein A and protein G, labelled with horseradish peroxidase. This eliminates the need for polyclonal anti-mouse-enzyme conjugate reagents for detection thus allowing for true standardization. The assay utilized a monoclonal antibody specific for a common epitope of the O-polysaccharide (OPS) of smooth lipopolysaccharide (SLPS) derived from B. abortus S1119.3 but which did not react with protein A/G. This monoclonal antibody was used to compete with antibody in the bovine test serum. Binding of bovine antibody to


numbers. Consequently, the distribution of various services with the use of the communication apparatus which is capable of contactless communication with a reader/writer is widespread socially. A method of authentication between a reader/writer and a communication apparatus is disclosed in Japanese Unexamined Patent Application Publication No. 8-168965, for example.
Service data which is used in an IC chip such as a ticket and a coupon can be distributed to a communication apparatus from an information processing server of each business through a given communication path.that moment, she turned on me like a viper.

I can honestly say I’ve never been spoken to in my life like the disgusting, foul-mouthed, homophobic way Omarosa spat at me throughout the weeks of filming.

Because I’d rejected her revolting sex plot, she decided the best line of attack was to repeatedly question my sexuality in the most crude and offensive manner imaginable.

At the time, I was separated from my ex wife, and mother of three of my four children – a fact Omarosa seized on with glee.

‘The mother of your children hates you Piers,’ she giggled on camera one morning, ‘and your children f**king hate you, they’re embarrassed by you. Is there another man raising your children?’

(None of these things was true)

On another occasion, in front of boxing


So I did, bursting through the doors, racing towards Omarosa, then veering away at the last minute to kiss Trace Adkins, a 6ft 7in country singer, with the words: ‘I’ve always loved a beautiful cowboy.’

Trump laughed, everyone laughed – well apart from Trace, who just looked bemused.

Beneath the laughs though lay a less savoury truth: Omarosa is a reprehensible human being, prepared to offer sex to win a reality TV show and use the most vile homophobic slurs against rival contestants.

She did all this purely so it would bring her more airtime, and more attention.

When I grew angry at the tidal wave of verbal filth she was spewing over me, she threatened me with physical violence: ‘‘Touch me, you’re going to get punched in the face’

When I grewwould ever like to be ‘reached out’ to by Omarosa.

‘This is the greatest position in the world,’ she said after her appointment was announced, ‘to be at the centre of political power, of the universe.’

Yes, it is - so why was SHE in it?

My disquiet turned to utter horror when Trump won the presidency and Omarosa was appointed the White House’s director of communications for the Public Liaison Office.

I don’t subscribe to the theory that President Trump is mentally unstable, but this particular decision severely tested my faith.

I was aghast when she joined Trump’s campaign team in July 2016 , and horrified when Trump won the presidency and Omarosa was appointed the White House’s director of communications for the Public Liaison Office

Her tenure went exactly how I expected.

Omarosa


e-TC: Development and pilot testing of a web-based intervention to reduce anxiety and depression in survivors of testicular cancer.
e-TC is an online intervention designed to address common psychosocial concerns of testicular cancer survivors. It aims to reduce anxiety, depression and fear of cancer recurrence by providing evidence-based information and psychological intervention. This paper details the development and pilot testing of e-TC. During pilot testing, 25 men (with varying psychological profiles) who had completed treatment for testicular cancer, 6 months to 5 years ago (which had not recurred), used e-TC over a 10-week period and provided quantitative and qualitative feedback on the feasibility and acceptability of the programme. Six men also completed a qualitative interview to provide detailed feedback on their experiences using e-TC. Fourteen men (56%) completed atEffect of chemophytostabilization practices on arbuscular mycorrhiza colonization of Deschampsia cespitosa ecotype Waryński at different soil depths.
The effects of chemophytostabilization practices on arbuscular mycorrhiza (AM) of Deschampsia cespitosa roots at different depths in soils highly contaminated with heavy metals were studied in field trials. Mycorrhizal parameters, including frequency of mycorrhization, intensity of root cortex colonization and arbuscule abundance were studied. Correlations between concentration of bioavailable Cd, Zn, Pb and Cu in soil and mycorrhizal parameters were estimated. An increase in AM colonization with increasing soil depth was observed in soils with spontaneously growing D. cespitosa. A positive effect of chemophytostabilization amendments (calcium phosphate, lignite) on AM colonization was found in the soil layers to which the amendments were applied. Negative correlation coefficients between mycorrhizal parameters and concentration of


No. 63-81414. This prior art projection lens comprises a less number of lens elements than before and has a back focal distance longer as compared with its focal length, realizing a desired telecentric optical system.
Projection lens having a back focal distance longer as compared with its focal length are confronted with an large-sized external shape. While projection systems using a liquid crystal device throw a picture with distortion enhanced more than a pictures on an ordinary television screen or a printed picture, and hence have to kept distortion as less as possible, the prior art projection lens described in the above mentioned publication is still hard to have sufficiently corrected distortion.next year, now is the right time to talk in more detail about NGSCB.

Willman: Now is a great time for hardware partners to begin to read the specs, ask questions, and adjust their business model to take advantage of it. If you are in the audience at WinHEC thinking this is great stuff and wondering if you have time to integrate into your products, you don’t have to run out of the room and scramble to start working on it. A year from now, if you haven’t gotten started, you’ll probably find yourself behind the curve. Now is the time to start working so you can build NGSCB functionality into your products without going into crisis mode.

PressPass: What are your goals for WinHEC? What is it that you


Intro to App Development. Meetup

iOS developer Tyler Walker will share his story of abruptly switching career focus towards app development, and then will lead an informal discussion about the tools used and how to get started. The class lean heavily towards iOS development, but also cover resources and tools to get started on Android.for the (2026) Winter Games or beyond that.”

Denver and Reno would be behind the curve compared with Salt Lake City.

Salt Lake City hosted the Winter Olympics in 2002, and what remains there and in Park City pretty much adheres to Agenda 2020, the blueprint that Bach set for future Olympics, which calls for less spending on new venues and infrastructure.

The area has maintained an Olympic speedskating oval and a Nordic skiing course, and the Utah Olympic Park remains an active training ground for action sports

Leaders of the movement to bring the games back to Utah have largely stayed quiet, not wanting to take the limelight from Los Angeles, which helped the U.S. put a stop to a long string of embarrassing losses on the Olympic bid front. But


---
author:
- 'E. Bozzo'
- 'P. Pjanka'
- 'P. Romano'
- 'A. Papitto'
- 'C. Ferrigno'
- 'S. Motta'
- 'A. A. Zdziarski'
- 'F. Pintore'
- 'T. Di Salvo'
- 'L. Burderi'
- 'D. Lazzati'
- 'G. Ponti'
- 'L. Pavan'
bibliography:
- 'J17451.bib'
title: 'IGRJ17451–3022: a dipping and eclipsing low mass X-ray binary'
---

Introduction {#sec:intro}
============

 is an X-ray transient discovered by  on 2014 August 22, during the observations performed in the direction of the Galactic center [@Chenevez14]. The source underwent a 9 months-long outburst and began its return to quiescence in the second half of May 2015 [@Bahramian15a]. At discovery, the source displayed a relatively soft emission, significantly detected by the JEM-X instrument on-board  only below 10keV [@Chenevez14]. The estimated 3–10 keV flux was $\sim$7 mCrab, corresponding to roughly 10$^{-10}$ erg cm$^{-2}$ s$^{-1}$. The outburst of  was followed-up with  [@Altamirano14; @Heinke14; @Bahramian15b; @Bahramian15c; @Bahramian15c], , [@Jaisawal15], and  [@Chakrabarty15]. Theof view [@lund03] were included in the JEM-X analysis, while for IBIS/ISGRI we retained all SCWs where the source was within an off-axis angle of 12 deg from the center of the instrument field of view. We extracted the IBIS/ISGRI [@ubertini03; @lebrun03] mosaics in the 20-40 keV and 40-80 keV energy bands, while the JEM-X mosaics were extracted in the 3-10 keV and 10-20 keV energy bands (we used below JEM-X1 as a reference to provide all quantitative results but checked that compatible values, to within the uncertainties, would be obtained with JEM-X2).

By checking the IBIS/ISGRI mosaics of each revolution, we noticed that the source was never significantly detected except for revolution 1458 which covers the period 2014 September 21 at 19:02 UTC to September 24 at 03:24 UTC (total exposure time 158 ks).


exposure time of the mosaic (1.4 Ms), several structures were detected at significances close or higher than that of .  For this reason, we cannot discriminate if the fluxes measured from the position of the source are genuine or simply due to background fluctuations arising in the crowded and complex region of the Galactic Center. We can certainly conclude that the overall flux of the source during the first part of the outburst in the IBIS/ISGRI energy band was significantly lower than that measured during the revolution 1458 alone. A similar conclusion applies to the IBIS/ISGRI mosaic extracted during the second part of the outburst, i.e. including data from revolution 1508 to 1533 (total exposure time 1.3 Ms). In this case the detection significance of the source was ofAll spectra were binned to ensure at least 20 counts per energy bin and were fit in the 0.5–10keV energy range.

All XRT spectra could be well fit by using a simple absorbed disk blackbody model ([tbabs]{}\*[diskbb]{} in [Xspec]{}; see also Sect. \[sec:xmm\]). Fits with a power-law model provided in most cases significantly worst results. We report the best fit obtained in all cases in Table \[tab:swift\]. The XRT monitoring showed that the spectral energy distribution of the X-ray emission from  was roughly stable along the entire outburst. The absorption column density and the temperature of the thermal component measured by XRT remained always compatible (to within the uncertainties) with the values obtained from the fit to the  data (see \[sec:xmm\]). We verified that fixing the XRT absorption column density to


 2014-10-12 08:06:00   2014-10-12 08:25:58   1172       6.0$^{+1.0}_{-0.8}$     1.4$\pm$0.2           8.4$^{+8.0}_{-4.0}$      2.05$^{+0.16}_{-0.17}$                0.93/54
  00033439009         XRT/WT     2014-10-15 00:07:46   2014-10-15 00:23:29   936        6.3$\pm$0.6             1.2$\pm$0.1           15.6$^{+8.7}_{-5.5}$     1.82$^{+0.07}_{-0.08}$            HR variations (0.65-0.72 and 0.72-0.82, see Sect. \[sec:spectra\]). This allowed a more physical comparison between the average emission of the source and the emission during the dips. Owing to the reduced statistics of the dip spectrum, we fixed in the fit those parameters that could not be constrained to the values determined from the average spectrum. The results of this fit, summarized in Table \[tab:bestfit\], suggest that the dips are likely caused by a moderate (but significant) increase in the column density of the neutral and ionized absorber close to the source.

[l|ll]{} &\
& & **Dips**\
\
[tbabs]{}\
$N_H$ ($10^{22}\textrm{cm}^{-2}$) & $5.42\substack{+0.09\\-0.09}$ & $5.86\substack{+0.08\\-0.29}$\
\
[edge]{}\
$E_{edge}$ (keV) & $8.14\substack{+0.06\\-0.03}$ & 8.14$\tnote{$\dagger$}$\
$\tau$ & $0.45\substack{+0.07\\-0.09}$ & 0.44$\tnote{$\dagger$}$\
\
[warmabs]{}\
$N_H^{\rm warm}$ ($10^{22}\textrm{cm}^{-2}$) & $113\substack{+30\\-19}$ & $160\substack{+9\\-10}$\
$\log(\xi)$ (erg cm s$^{-1}$) & $4.02\substack{+0.03\\-0.03}$ & $3.87\substack{+0.08\\-0.08}$\
Si & $1.96\substack{+0.23\\-0.37}$ & $3.2\substack{+0.9\\-0.5}$\
S & $0.58\substack{+0.19\\-0.11}$ & $4.0\substack{+1.0\\-1.0}$\
Ar & $1.14\substack{+0.37\\-0.25}$


emitted by a source in a binary system, we used a quadratic coherence recovery technique (QCRT), following the guidelines given by @wood91 and @vaughan94. Such a technique is based on the correction of the photon arrival times with a quadratic transformation, under the assumption that the sinusoidal Doppler modulation introduced by the orbital motion can be approximated by a parabola over a time interval short enough. To estimate such a length we calculated Eq. 22 of @johnston11 for the same parameters mentioned above: $$\Delta t_{best}= 1636 \left(\frac{\nu}{300\,\mbox{Hz}} \right)^{-1/3} \left(\frac{4}{m}
\right)^{1/3} \left(\frac{M_2}{0.3 M_{\odot}} \right)^{-4/15} s.$$ In order to increase the speed of the power spectrum calculation, we considered a value of the interval length equal to a power of two of the time resolution of the time series, $\Delta t_{\rmThe number of preliminary arrival times correction made on each of the $N_{\rm intv} = 20$ time intervals, is then $N_\alpha = 2\alpha_{\rm max}/\delta\alpha = 967$. A power spectrum was produced for each of these trial corrections, inspecting frequencies up to $\nu_{\rm Ny}=(8t_{\rm res})^{-1}/2=2117$ Hz with a resolution of $\delta \nu=1/\Delta t_{\rm best}=1/(2^26 t_{\rm res})=5\times10^{-4}$ Hz, giving a total number of frequencies trials equal to $N_{\nu}=\nu_{\rm Ny}/\delta{\nu}=2^{22}$. The total number of trials is then $N_{\rm intv}N_{\alpha}N_{\nu}=8.1\times10^{10}$, and assuming that in the absence of any signal the noise in the power spectrum is distributed as a $\chi^2$ with two degrees of freedom, we then set a post-trial detection level at 3$\sigma$ confidence level of $P_{\rm det} = 62.1$. No signal was significantly detected and upper limits of $\simeq5\%$ (3$\sigma$ c.l.) were


india

Updated: Jun 01, 2019 21:43 IST

A Delhi court on Saturday granted bail to Sushen Mohan Gupta, an alleged defence agent in the AgustaWestland case, and stated that Enforcement Directorate (ED) had failed to point out a single incident when Gupta tampered with the evidence.

Special Judge Arvind Kumar granted bail to Gupta on a personal bond of ₹5 lakh along with two sureties of like amount.

The judge directed that the accused shall join the investigation as and when he will be called by the investigating officer (IO).

The judge also said that Gupta would not travel abroad without prior permission from the court. The court noted in its order that many co-accused having similar and greater role than Gupta have been enlarged on bail.

“Some of the co-accused have not beenarrested by ED et al, and complaint has been filed against these accused persons without arrest. The accused Sushen Mohan Gupta is not the accused in CBI case registered with predicate offences,” the judge said in his 16-page order.

While granting the conditional bail, the court said the accused is a 44-year-old citizen of the United States, even though his wife is Indian and his three minor children are studying in Delhi.

It said the accused is having business in India and is an income tax assessee in India. It noted that Gupta had joined the investigation a number of times and the contention of the ED that the accused may abscond does not appear to have much substance. It said the earlier bail application was dismissed as the case


111 of the line-illuminating device 110 to be incident on a reading surface of a document through a cover glass 106 serving as a document stand. The document is read by detecting the reflected light using the photoelectric conversion element (sensor) 103 through the rod lens array 105.
In the line-illuminating device 110 shown in FIG. 8, a light guide 111 is housed in a white light guide casing 112 in such a manner that the emission plane 111a is exposed. A light emitting source substrate 113 provided with a light-emitting source such as a light-emitting diode (LED) is attached to one end of the light guide casing 112. The light guide 111 is made of glass or transparent resin and its basic cross-sectional shape in the direction atat the 2015 MG ALBA Scots Trad Music Awards.

Discography

Barluath
 Source (2012)
 At Dawn of Day (2015)

References

External links
Official website

Category:Scottish folk musicians
Category:Scottish folk singers
Category:Scottish female singers
Category:Living people
Category:Year of birth missing (living people)


 It was [the Supervisor’s] tone and how she talked to me,
            the way she said take time with your family and then
            after she told [the other manager] to watch me, I was
            offended with that comment. . . . I was really offended
            and taken back by that conversation. It was – I didn’t
            understand why we had a meeting after I had clearly told
      Board. As we
have explained, Rule 2116(a) is mandatory, even where the party has not had the benefit of an
attorney’s assistance and is acting pro se. See Dalesandro v. Unemployment Compensation
Board of Review, 625 A.2d 1291, 1291 (Pa. Cmwlth. 1993) (“The fatal flaw in [Claimant’s] brief
is that she has not supplied any statement of the questions involved on appeal.”); Daly v.
Unemployment Compensation Board of Review, 631 A.2d 720, 721 (Pa. Cmwlth. 1993) (“This
rule applies to all briefs, regardless of whether they are written by an attorney or by a party in his
or her own behalf.”).

        In any event, the Board did not err when it determined that Claimant voluntarily quit her
job without cause of a necessitous and compelling nature. Claimant testified that


   /** The RSS record objects */
    private var _agsGptRssRecords:SearchResultRecordList;

    /** The XML RSS Object */
    private var _xmlRss:XML;

    /** The xml config object */
    private var _xmlConfig:XML;

    protected  var _agsGptModel:RSSModel;
    /**  Endpoint **/
    private var _endPoint:EndPoint;
    // constructors ============================================================
    /**
    * Dont use this constructor!  Use the method create
    *
    *
    * @param rss RSS XML.  If null or cannot be identified then exception thrown
   * @param config The configuration xml
    * @throws Error if rss is null or cannot be identified
    * */
    public function RSSParser(rss:XML,agsGptModel:RSSModel) {
      if(rss == null) {
        throw new Error("Unable to determine RSS feed type. null xml recived");
      }
      _agsGptModel = agsGptModel;
    }
    // properties ==============================================================
    /**
    * Set end point
    *
    * @param endPoint The endpoint
    *  */
    public function set endPoint(endPoint:EndPoint):void {


The Los Angeles Police Department has acknowledged in a confidential report that people have been falsely implicated in crimes because the department’s fingerprint experts wrongly identified them as suspects.

The 10-page internal report, obtained by The Times, highlighted two cases in which criminal defendants had charges against them dropped after problems with the fingerprint analysis were exposed. LAPD officials do not know how many other people might have been wrongly accused over the years as a result of poor fingerprint analysis and do not have the funds to pay for a comprehensive audit to find out, according to police records and interviews.

“This is something of extraordinary concern,” said Michael Judge, public defender for Los Angeles County. “Juries tend to accord the highest level of confidence to fingerprint evidence. Thisin twenty minutes. If you have not lived there you cannot understand the social pressure of living in a small hill town where everybody knows everybody - probably you can sustain only if you are born there and you develop in years both your own shell and ways to reciprocate.

The only way to explain the story here above is that all the persons involved are foreign people that probably do not understand this fact. But if any of the situations were too dangerous, be sure that carabinieri would have been notified by somebody much earlier than you think.

First of all, I'm sure that the incident in Orvieto wasn't a matter of drugs, and probably not gangs, either, if most of the people were not Italian. There are youth