\rightarrow  \nu_e) = \cos^4{\theta_{13}} \>
P_{2\times2}( \nu_e \rightarrow  \nu_e \>{\rm with}\> N_e
\cos^2{\theta_{13}})  + \sin^4{\theta_{13}}$$ is used. Since many fits to solar neutrino data that give a non-zero value of of $\theta_{13}$ use Eq. (\[b1\]), here we wish to give an assessment of the accuracy of this formula. To do so, following Ref. [@Balantekin:1999dx], we introduce the combinations $$\begin{aligned}
\label{rot1}
\tilde{\Psi}_{\mu} &=& \cos{\theta_{23}} \Psi_{\mu} -
\sin{\theta_{23}} \Psi_{\tau}, \\
\tilde{\Psi}_{\tau} &=& \sin{\theta_{23}} \Psi_{\mu} +
\cos{\theta_{23}} \Psi_{\tau},\end{aligned}$$ which leads to the MSW evolution equation $$\label{CProt}
i \frac{\partial}{\partial t}
\left(
\begin{array}{c}
  \Psi_e \\
 \tilde{ \Psi}_{\mu} \\
  \tilde{\Psi}_{\tau}
\end{array}
\right)
= \tilde{\bf H}
\left(
\begin{array}{c}
  \Psi_e \\
  \tilde{\Psi}_{\mu} \\
  \tilde{\Psi}_{\tau}
\end{array}
\right)$$ where $$\label{htilde}
\tilde{\bf H} =
{\bf T}_{13}{\bf T}_{12}
\left(
\begin{array}{ccc}
E_1  & 0  & 0  \\
0  & E_2  & 0 evolution operator for the two-flavor problem with the modified matter potential $\tilde{V}$ and $$\label{a8}
\beta = exp \left( -i \frac{1}{2} (\Delta_{31} + \Delta_{32})t - i \int_0^t dt' \left( V_{\mu e} (t') - \frac{3}{2} \tilde{V} (t') \right) \right) .$$ The quantity ${\bf U}_1$ is the solution of $$\label{a9}
i \frac{\partial}{\partial t} {\bf U}_1
= ({\bf U}^{\dagger}_0 {\cal H}_0 {\bf U}_0) {\bf U}_1$$ where $$\label{a10}
{\bf U}^{\dagger}_0 {\cal H}_0 {\bf U}_0 =
\left(
\begin{array}{cc}
 0  &  J  \\
 J^{\dagger} &  0
\end{array}
\right)$$ with $$\label{a11}
J =  \frac{1}{2}  \sin 2 \theta_{13}  V_{\mu e} {\bf S}^{\dagger} \left(
\begin{array}{c}
  1   \\
  0
\end{array}
\right) \beta .$$

A perturbative solution of Eq. (\[a9\]) is $$\label{a12}
{\bf U}_1 (T) = \left(
\begin{array}{cc}
1 - \int_0^T dt \int_0^t dt' J(t)J^{\dagger} (t')  &   -i \int_0^T dt


age ([Table 4](#ijerph-17-03829-t004){ref-type="table"}).

4. Discussion {#sec4-ijerph-17-03829}
=============

In the current study, the occurrence of recent-onset DED is significantly higher in those with surgery-indicated CRS compared to non-CRS individuals after adjusting for multiple potential risk factors in the multivariate analysis. On the other hand, the chance of developing DED is also significantly raised in those individuals diagnosed with peripheral vascular disease, chronic pulmonary diseases, peptic ulcer disease, liver disease, keratopathy, uveitis, glaucoma and AMD.

About the possible pathophysiology between CRS and DED, several mechanisms may lead to such a relationship. Recently, CRS has been found to be an inflammatory disorder and tissue-deforming process rather than an infectious lesion in the majority of cases \[[@B4-ijerph-17-03829],[@B14-ijerph-17-03829],[@B15-ijerph-17-03829]\]. The interleukin is elevated in patients with CRS \[[@B16-ijerph-17-03829]\], with raised matrix metalloproteinases detected \[[@B17-ijerph-17-03829]\]. In addition, tissue fromXbox One: How the launch games are shaping up before release

VideoGamer: "The Xbox One drops into the world on the 22 November. After its fair share of criticism, especially in terms of visuals, how are the first-party games shaping up? Here's everything you need to know."

what makes you think i dont already have a ps4 on order? how do you no i didnt buy KZ4 yesterday? what makes you think i dont have bf4 on pc already? and what makes you think i like AC4? I asked about Ryse or DR3 not about any of that other stuff you named...


Comparison of fMRI BOLD Effect and Arterial Pulsation Harmonic Distribution among Different Breathing Rate.
The phenomenon of respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) had been studied since 1733. Most researches were focused on the heart rates or blood pressure variability. It was well known that heart rate variability (HRV) induced by respiration decreased progressively with age. In general, it is caused by the function of the autonomic nervous system (ANS). Seldom researches studied the relationship of this phenomenon with cerebral circulation. In our previous research, we found that different breathing rate could redistribute the proportion of systemic circulation, and also observed that the slower the breathing rate the more proportion of cerebral circulation appeared on head. In this paper, we further examined the BOLD (Blood Oxygenation Level Dependent) signal fluctuations inOn-axis and off-axis primary dose component in high energy photon beams.
The depth dose of the primary dose component, on axis and off axis of six different x-ray beams, has been determined from transmission measurements in narrow beam geometry with and without flattening filter using a Perspex column of a cross section large enough to ensure electronic equilibrium. In order to derive the primary photon fluence, a correction for the scatter from the column has been applied according to the following method: A number of spectra taken from the literature have been used for computing a scatter coefficient Sc at different depths by convolution of dose spread arrays. Using the relationship between Sc and the single attenuation coefficient mu i to represent each entire spectrum, it has been possible


2013 Internationaux de Strasbourg – Singles

Francesca Schiavone was the defending champion but decided not to participate.
Third-seeded Alizé Cornet won the title, defeating Lucie Hradecká in the final, 7–6(7–4), 6–0.

Seeds

Draw

Finals

Top half

Bottom half

Qualifying

Seeds

Qualifiers

Qualifying Draw

First qualifier

Second qualifier

Third qualifier

Fourth qualifier

References
Main Draw
Qualifying Draw

Internationaux de Strasbourgandnbsp;- Singles
2013 Singles
Category:2013 in French sportWho We Are

The Pregnant Traveler began in 1998 as an outgrowth of a study of over 2,000 expatriates. This study highlighted numerous problems that are specific to pregnant women traveling and working overseas. Over the subsequent years, we have found practical solutions to many of these problems which can be applied to most pregnant traveling women. We make these solutions available in the form of books, pamphlets and on-line consultations. It is our hope that these will be of great use to you.

The Pregnant Traveler Medical Services, PLC your resource for:

Pre-Pregnancy Travel Information

Pre-Pregnancy Travel Information

If both pregnancy and travel are in your future, we can advise you about such things as pre-travel medicines, vitamins and vaccinations. Also we can assist in paperwork, finding a medical provider, insurance and


specifically enhanced the engulfment defect conferred by mutations in the *ced-2*, *ced-5, ced-10* and *ced-12* genes, which act in one pathway, but not that caused by mutations in the *ced-1, ced-6* and *ced-7* genes, which act in a different engulfment pathway ([Fig. 1e](#F1){ref-type="fig"}). These results indicate that the gene affected by *sm211* likely functions in the same corpse engulfment pathway as *ced-1*, *ced-6* and *ced-7*.

We mapped *sm211* very close to the *bli-5* gene on Linkage Group III ([Fig. 2a](#F2){ref-type="fig"}; see Methods). Transformation rescue experiments revealed that one cosmid in the mapped region, F11F1, fully rescued the engulfment defect of the *sm211* mutant. Subclones of F11F1 were made and a 3.7 kb Bam HI-Nhe I genomic fragment was capable of rescuing the *sm211* mutant ([Fig. 2a](#F2){ref-type="fig"}). There is onlyseveral different *C. elegans* gene promoters fully rescued the *sm211* mutant ([Fig. 2a](#F2){ref-type="fig"}), confirming that *ttr-52* is the gene affected by *sm211*.

TTR-52 is a secretory protein that binds apoptotic cells {#S4}
--------------------------------------------------------

Protein sequence analysis reveals that TTR-52 contains a secretion signal at its amino-terminus ([Fig. 2b](#F2){ref-type="fig"}). To determine the cellular localization pattern of TTR-52, we expressed a TTR-52 GFP fusion under the control of the *C. elegans* heat-shock promoters (P*~hsp~*TTR-52::GFP), which fully rescues the engulfment defect of the *ttr-52(sm211)* mutant ([Fig. 2c](#F2){ref-type="fig"}). Upon heat-hock treatment, TTR-52::GFP was detected almost exclusively on the surface of apoptotic cells, displaying a bright ring-like staining ([Fig. 2c](#F2){ref-type="fig"} and [Fig. 3a](#F3){ref-type="fig"}). In some embryos, weak GFP staining was also observed on the surface of cells adjacent to the dying cells ([Supplementary Information, Fig. S2a](#SD1){ref-type="supplementary-material"}).


or interferes with recognition of apoptotic cells by TTR-52. Indeed, neither of the constructs alone nor in combination rescued the engulfment defect of the *ttr-52(sm211)* mutant ([Fig. 2c](#F2){ref-type="fig"}; data not shown). In comparison, expression of TTR-52 under the control of the same promoters (P*~ced-1~*TTR-52 or P*~egl-1~*TTR-52) fully rescued the *ttr-52 (sm211)* mutant ([Fig. 2a](#F2){ref-type="fig"}), indicating that the membrane-tethered TTR-52 cannot substitute for a secreted TTR-52.

To examine where *ttr-52* is expressed in *C. elegans*, we generated a *ttr-52* transcriptional fusion with mCHERRY (P*~ttr-52~*mCHERRY) and found that the *ttr-52* promoter drove mCHERRY expression specifically in intestine cells, which completely overlapped with the GFP expression pattern of P*~ges-1~*GFP, an intestine-specific reporter construct ([Fig. 3g](#F3){ref-type="fig"})[@R32]. Therefore, the intestine cells, which do not undergo programmed cell death in *C. elegans*[@R33],[@R34], synthesize TTR-52, whichany of the Th1, Th2, and Th17 cytokines, although it may initially suppress HSP72 in either healthy or septic human PBMCs \[[@B23]\]. It has been previously shown, however, that mHSP72 response is dependent on intracellular HSP72 amount and severity of in vitro stress in healthy male volunteers \[[@B22]\]. In vivo, serum cortisol, IL-6, IL-10, and extracellular HSP72 levels were higher and intracellular PBMCs\' HSP72 lower in severe sepsis (SS) compared to H \[[@B24]\]. In addition, genetic variants of the HSP72 genes may also affect HSP72 induction, indirectly influencing inflammation, infection severity, and development of septic shock \[[@B25]\].

We now sought to evaluate HSP72 mRNA fold changes and intracellular HSP72 levels in monocytes (mHSP72) or lymphocytes (lHSP72) during LPS exposure or HS recovery of PBMCs. Using our previously established PBMC


and endotoxemia might exert unpredictable dynamically averaged exacerbated attenuated effects on HSP72 mRNA and PBMCs\' ILs, making any trial of targeted intervention impossible.

To examine this issue we attempted to relate in vitro baseline HSP72 with in vivo patients\' data. The finding that intracellular HSP72 proteins or HSP72 mRNA was related to serum cytokines may indicate a stronger influence of the inflammatory reaction over confounding clinical or hormonal stress responses. Thus, HSP72 mRNA or protein responses were not influenced by cortisol concentration, the severity of illness, or polymorphic HSP72 SNPs. Clinical association results have previously suggested that polymorphic HSP72 SNPs may be responsible for the lower production of intracellular HSP72 inhibiting cytokine inflammatory cellular functions involved in progression to severe sepsis \[[@B25]\]. Results of our small sample size studycan still enhance monocyte and lymphocyte HSP72 expression, thereby improving host defense in response to fever. Whether this represents a balanced mechanism initiated by the host to counter-balance excessive thermal injury is yet to be elucidated. The failure of LPS to further induce HSP72 in human PBMCs while it promptly triggers a massive cytokine PBMCs\' response may suggest alternative pathways bypassing HSP72 innate immune response. An intracellular negative feedback mechanism of the PBMCs\' HSP72 cytokine machinery might be also assumed, contrasting an independent positive relation to serum ILs, not being influenced by HSP72 polymorphisms, cortisol levels, or illness severity. Importantly, our data further suggest that glutamine may repress the weak LPS and enhance the strong heat shock induction of monocyte and lymphocyte HSP72 proteins but may not modulate


answering thereto, as Neemias did.24And the prayer was after this manner; O Lord, Lord God, Creator of all things, who are fearful and strong, and righteous, and merciful, and the only and gracious King,25The only giver of all things, the only just, almighty, and everlasting, you that deliver Israel from all trouble, and did choose the fathers, and sanctify them:26Receive the sacrifice for your whole people Israel, and preserve your own portion, and sanctify it.27Gather those together that are scattered from us, deliver them that serve among the heathen, look upon them that are despised and abhorred, and let the heathen know that you are our God.28Punish them that oppress us, and with pride do us wrong.29Plant your people again in your holy place, as Moses has spoken.30Andthe priests sung psalms of thanksgiving.31Now when the sacrifice was consumed, Neemias commanded the water that was left to be poured on the great stones.32When this was done, there was kindled a flame: but it was consumed by the light that shined from the altar.33So when this matter was known, it was told the king of Persia, that in the place, where the priests that were led away had hid the fire, there appeared water, and that Neemias had purified the sacrifices therewith.34Then the king, inclosing the place, made it holy, after he had tried the matter.35And the king took many gifts, and bestowed thereof on those whom he would gratify.36And Neemias called this thing Naphthar, which is as much as to say, a cleansing: but many men


valuation. Equivalently, the (natural) logarithm of the expected seller revenue is greater than or equal to the expectation of the logarithm of the valuation, minus one. This bound holds for any distribution of positive valuations. Notably, the [ *regularity*]{} condition, which often appears in the context of Myerson auctions, is not required here. This result is a new and perhaps unexpected connection between two natural properties of distributions: the geometric expectation and expected seller revenue.

We show that this bound is tight in the following sense: for a fixed value of the geometric mean, there is a unique cumulative distribution function (CDF) of the buyer’s valuation for which the bound is achieved; this distribution is the equal revenue distribution, with CDF of the form $F(v) = 1-c/v$ for $vof the expectation, then seller revenue is within a factor of $1-2^{4/3}\delta^{1/3}$ of the expected valuation. Similarly, it is easy to show that when the variance of the valuation approaches zero then seller revenue also approaches the expected valuation.

Definitions and results
=======================

We consider a seller who wishes to sell a single object to a single potential buyer. The buyer has a valuation $V$ for the object which is picked from a distribution with CDF $F$, i.e. $F(v) = {{\mathbb{P}}\left[{V \leq v}\right]}$.

We assume that $V$ is positive, so that ${{\mathbb{P}}\left[{V \leq 0}\right]} = 0$ or $F(0) =
0$. We otherwise make no assumptions on the distribution of $V$; it may be atomic or non-atomic, have or not have an expectation, etc.

The seller offers the object to the buyer for a fixed


only one distribution on ${\mathbb R}^+$ (the exponential with expectation $1$) that satisfies both conditions, and for this distribution ${\mathbb{U}\left[{V}\right]}=1/e$.

One could hope that it is likewise possible to prove upper bounds on ${\mathbb{U}\left[{V}\right]}$, given that $V$ has expectation $1$ and entropy at least $h <
1$; intuitively, the entropy constraint should force $V$ to spread rather than concentrate around its expectation, decreasing the seller’s expected revenue.

Acknowledgments
===============

We would like to thank Elchanan Mossel for commenting on a preliminary version of this paper. We owe a debt of gratitude to the anonymous reviewer who helped us improve the paper significantly through many helpful suggestions.

This research is supported by ISF grant 1300/08, and by a Google Europe Fellowship in Social Computing.

[^1]: Weizmann Institute, Rehovot 76100, Israel
*ημ*~*a*~*f*~~ (mm^−1^), where *η* and *μ*~*a*~*f*~~ are the quantum yield and absorption of the fluorophore, respectively. The forward model solution to [(1)](#e01){ref-type="disp-formula"} and [(2)](#e02){ref-type="disp-formula"} was formed on an unstructured finite element method (FEM) mesh (based on the TOAST package \[[@r21]\]).

2.3. Kinetic model {#sec2-3}
------------------

With fluorescence-labeling, it is possible to obtain spatial and temporal information of a targeted drug's delivery to cancer cells through fluorescence imaging, as we show here. To model the kinetics of this process, we incorporate a compartment model into FODT, specifically in the description of the fluorescence source \[[@r22]\]. A three-compartment model (depicted in [Fig. 2](#g002){ref-type="fig"}) is used, where the number of folate conjugate molecules in each compartment is assumed to be uniform. As illustrated in [Fig. 2](#g002){ref-type="fig"}, *k*~1~ (h^−1^) is the uptake rate (of the


the reconstructed absorption and fluorescence images.

To perform numerical calculations and form images, the image subject is discretized into *N* voxels (as mentioned in Step 3), with *s* the voxel index (*s* = 1,\...,*N*) and *V~vox~* the voxel volume. The number of fluorophore molecules in a voxel can be expressed as a weighted sum of the number of molecules in each compartment. Thus, in voxel *s*, the number of folate-DA molecules has contributions from both the plasma compartment and the tumor compartment, giving $$X_{\mathit{DA}}(s,t) = v_{p}(s)\,\, X_{p_{\mathit{DA}}}(t) + v_{t}(s)\,\, X_{t_{\mathit{DA}}}(t),$$where the volume fraction *v~p~*(*s*) = (plasma volume in voxel *s*)/*V~p~*, and *v~t~* (*s*) = (tumor volume in voxel *s*)/*V~t~*. Notice that $\sum_{s = 1}^{N}{v_{p}(s) = 1}$ and $\sum_{s = 1}^{N}{v_{t}(s) = 1}$, given that the discretization covers the entirechoosing a proper regularization parameter has been discussed previously \[[@r29]\].

The inversion algorithm described by [(31)](#e31){ref-type="disp-formula"} is applied to the kinetic problem for the reconstruction of the absorption and kinetic parameters. Specifically, at *λ~x~*, the forward model [(1)](#e01){ref-type="disp-formula"} is solved and the absorption (*μ~a~*) image is reconstructed. At *λ~m~*, using the reconstructed absorption (assuming *μ*~*a*~*x*~~ = *μ*~*a*~*m*~~), the coupled diffusion equations [(1)](#e01){ref-type="disp-formula"}--[(2)](#e02){ref-type="disp-formula"} are solved and *γ*~1~−*γ*~4~, *R*~*γ*~3~*γ*~5~~, and *γ*~6~, which characterize the fluorescence source through [(29)](#e29){ref-type="disp-formula"}, are reconstructed directly. In other words, **x** in [(31)](#e31){ref-type="disp-formula"} represents *γ*~1~−*γ*~4~, *R*~*γ*~3~*γ*~5~~, and *γ*~6~, and is updated in each iteration. Positivity constraints can easily be imposed on [(31)](#e31){ref-type="disp-formula"} when needed. Images *γ*~3~ and *γ*~5~ are both greater than zero because *α~D~* \> *α~DA~* and (*k*~1~ + *k*~3~) \> (*k*~2~ + *k*~4~) (due to


and acceptor, the donor fluorescence is quenched in the presence of the acceptor. After the folate-DA is injected into the body, the disulfide bond is reduced over time due to RME (illustrated in [Fig. 1](#g001){ref-type="fig"}), resulting in a cleaved acceptor and an increase in the donor fluorescence. In this work, time-domain gated pulse measurements revealed that our folate-DA conjugate behaves as a molecular beacon \[[@r27]\], expressing a change in fluorescence intensity with acceptor release, but not a significant change in fluorescence lifetime. We tested the release process *in vitro* using confocal microscopy, as shown in [Fig. 4](#g004){ref-type="fig"}. The chemical was injected at various concentrations into KB Cells over-expressing folate-receptors \[[@r32]\] for 1 h and 8 h incubation cycles. KB cells belong to a subline of the ubiquitous keratin-formingSection 3.1) dissolved in 100 *μ*L of saline, giving *X*~0~ = 10 × 10^−9^×Avogadro's constant. The chemical attached itself to the folate-receptors present in the tumor, as shown in previous studies \[[@r7]\], allowing for fluorescence imaging. Once the chemical was absorbed into the tumor, the acceptor that acted as a quencher was cleaved from the donor, resulting in an increase in donor emission, as mentioned previously.

The mouse was kept alive during the experiment using a table-top anesthesia machine (Parkland Scientific Inc., FL). It was anesthetized (3 h post injection) using a table top anesthesia machine with isoflurane as anesthetizing agent. Anesthesia was maintained by a constant flow rate of 2% isoflurane in oxygen with the vaporizer. The anesthetized mouse was then imaged to measure the change in donor


is the raw data obtained experimentally from the CCD camera, **f**(**x**) is the numerical forward model solution, given the initial (homogeneous) absorption image, and Γ is the calibration constant. The calibrated measurement used in [(31)](#e31){ref-type="disp-formula"} for reconstruction was then **y** = **y***~raw~*Γ̂. The fluorescence data was calibrated using Γ̂*P*~*λ*~*m*~~/*P*~*λ*~*x*~~, where *P*~*λ*~*x*~~ and *P*~*λ*~*m*~~ were the measured powers at *λ~x~* and *λ~m~*, respectively.

4. Results {#sec4}
==========

4.1. Parameter estimation {#sec4-1}
-------------------------

Previously, the residual folate conjugate in various tumor cell lines, including KB cells, was evaluated by sacrificing multiple mice at different times \[[@r16]\]. These results allowed us to estimate the unloading rate (*k*~2~) to be around 0.01 h^−1^ by applying an exponential fit to the data. The disulfide cleavage rate (*k*~4~) of a folate-DA conjugate was evaluated in a cell culture \[[@r14]\],methods can be used to determine the cleavage rate *in vivo* from the change in fluorescence due to acceptor release, which corresponds to the drug release rate inside cancer cells. Knowledge of this drug release rate is important for the design of anti-cancer drugs, as the drug should be released after the folate-conjugate has been internalized by the tumor, but before it is unloaded. The reconstructed release rate is close to *in vitro* confocal studies, confirming the validity of our imaging method. The method can be applied to determine the kinetics of other processes where both the compartment model and ODT are suitable. The method can also be extended to determine all the kinetic parameters, allowing the determination of the number of fluorophore molecules in each compartment and


at the right arm, in the supine position, every minute for 10 and 8 minutes, respectively, with an automatic device (Dinamap XL Model 9300; Johnson‐Johnson Medical, Tampa, FL). After an overnight fast and 15 minutes of rest, venous blood was obtained from participants. Plasma samples were prepared by centrifugation at 4°C. Plasma total bilirubin was measured by a colorimetric assay (2,4‐dicholoraniline reaction; Merck MEGA, Darmstadt, Germany), with the detection limit being 1.0 mmol/L. Interassay coefficients of variation were 3.8% and 2.9% in the lower normal and higher normal range, respectively. Glucose, total cholesterol, fasting insulin, and hsCRP (high‐sensitivity C‐reactive protein) were measured using standard laboratory protocols, which have been previously described.[28](#jah32690-bib-0028){ref-type="ref"}, [29](#jah32690-bib-0029){ref-type="ref"}, [30](#jah32690-bib-0030){ref-type="ref"} Urinary albumin excretion was estimated as the mean of two 24‐hour urine collections, and the concentration was determined             −0.15 (−0.18, −0.12)[∥](#jah32690-note-0010){ref-type="fn"}                −7% (−8, −5)[∥](#jah32690-note-0010){ref-type="fn"}
  Glucose, mmol/L                                     −0.09 (−0.12, −0.06)[§](#jah32690-note-0010){ref-type="fn"}                −4% (−5, −3)[∥](#jah32690-note-0010){ref-type="fn"}
  Fasting insulin, units/mL                           −0.21 (−0.24, −0.18)[∥](#jah32690-note-0010){ref-type="fn"}


(−0.27, −0.22)[∥](#jah32690-note-0010){ref-type="fn"}                −10% (−11, −9)[∥](#jah32690-note-0010){ref-type="fn"}
  eGFR, mL/min per 1.73 m^2^                          −0.01 (−0.04, 0.02)                                                        −1% (−2, 1)
  UAE, mg/24 h              state and how these concentrations affect hypertension. Fifth, the current analysis involved principally white‐European participants, which hampers the generalization of our findings. Finally, our MR approach was based on published publicly available data, which precluded the ability to fully assess instrumental variable assumptions. Given the unavailability of interventions that specifically influence levels of bilirubin alone[70](#jah32690-bib-0070){ref-type="ref"} and can be safely administered to large numbers of subjects for a prolonged period, causal inferences using randomized trials of interventions that modify bilirubin levels are not feasible in the short term. Further MR studies using large‐scale, individual‐level data may help to establish or rule out causality.

Conclusions {#jah32690-sec-0024}
===========

The weak and inverse association of circulating total bilirubin with future hypertension risk may be driven by biases such as unmeasured confounding and/or reverse causation. However,


Q:

How much mass does an object in space need to keep a human on its surface?

Assume there were a roughly spherical object in space like a meteorite or a comet.
If I weighed 80kg on Earth, how much mass would be required for an object in space so that I could stay on its surface without "flying away?" It's not necessary have the same gravity as Earth, but I am wondering what minimal mass the object would require for it to have meaningful gravity for someone to remain on the surface.

A:

Any object with mass (even you) has gravity. The mutual attractive force between two objects is given by the formula
$$ F = G \frac{M_1 M_2}{R_{12}^2}, $$
where the two mass are $M_1$ and $M_2$ and $R_{12}$ is the separationYale Natural Radiocarbon Measurements II.
One of the series of "Yale natural radiocarbon measurements, II" [Science 122, 954 (1955)], by Richard S. Preston, Elaine Person, and E. S. Deevey, was incorrectly reported through a technical error. The date for sample Y-293A (South Haven, Mich.: peat) was 10,790 +/- 200 yr, not 9500 + 250 yr as reported on page 958.


have no expectation of that I totally love: the residential area of Kotor, the fairytale land of Cappadocia, the whole of Albania but I expected to be blown away by the melting pot that is Istanbul – the gateway between Asia and Europe; the furthest point in Europe that I was planning to go. Instead, I am wondering why I came this far?

Maybe that city girl has well and truly gone…

Have you ever been somewhere you expected to love and just didn't feel it?method to uncover the common and distinctive clusters of activity in GNG and SST. Major common clusters of activation were located in the right anterior insula and the pre-SMA. Insular activation was right hemisphere dominant in GNG but more bilaterally distributed in SST. Differences between the tasks were observed in two major cognitive control networks: (1) the fronto-parietal network that mediates adaptive online control, and (2) the cingulo-opercular network implicated in maintaining task set (Dosenbach et al., 2007) and responding to salient stimuli (Seeley et al., 2007). GNG engaged the fronto-parietal control network to a greater extent than SST, with prominent foci located in the right MFG and right inferior parietal lobule. Conversely, SST engaged the cingulo-opercular control network to a greater extent, with more pronounced activations in


a notice in November 2011, announcing a series of photo workshops in Havana, we couldn’t resist the temptation to sign up.

Getting into Cuba turned out to be trivial: an overnight stay in Miami, a 45-minute chartered flight operated by American Airlines, and customs/immigration formalities that turned out to be cursory or non-existent. By mid-afternoon, our group was checked into the Parque Central Hotel in downtown Havana — where the rooms were spacious, the service was friendly, the food was reasonably tasty, the rum was delicious, and the Internet was … well, slow and expensive.

We had been warned that that some of our American conveniences — like credit cards — would not be available, and we were prepared for a fairly spartan week. But no matter how prepared weof old cars. Plymouths, Pontiacs, Dodges, Buicks, and Chevys, along with the occasional Cadillac. A few were old and rusted, but most had been renovated, repaired, and repainted — often in garishly bright colors from every spectrum of the rainbow. Cherry pink, fire-engine red, Sunkist orange, lime green, turquoise and every shade of blue, orange, brown, and a lot more that I’ve probably forgotten. All of us in the photo workshop succumbed to the temptation to photograph the cars when we first arrived … but they were everywhere, every day, wherever we went, and eventually we all suffered from sensory overload. (For what it’s worth, one of our workshop colleagues had visited Cuba eight years ago, and told us that at the time, there were only old cars


to the quality of life free municipal services gave myself, my three brothers and my family,” said Arseneault in a tearful address to council. “We have been impressed and grateful of staff and wholeheartedly support their recommendations.”

Before the change, anyone over the age of one entering the pad had to pay an entrance fee of $2.50. Average attendance over the past three years has been a little more than 31,000 people, generating an average revenue of $70,000 for the city and surpassing the operating expenses of $48,000.

Laur and Arseneault founded a group called Splash for Free in 2013 that argued similar municipalities across the province offer comparable facilities for free, including Kitchener, Cambridge and London.

The funding is made possible through a reduction in student staffing at the park.near-infrared (IR), is a difficult task with current instrumentation on ground-based telescopes. Indeed, Balmer decrements in high-redshift galaxies have been spectroscopically measured only in a few individual cases (@teplitz00 [@hainline09]).

Other recent, although less robust, estimates of the Balmer decrement are available at $z\sim 0.5$ for larger galaxy samples based on a combination of spectroscopy and photometry (@ly12). There are other dust-extinction estimates at $z\sim 1.47$ from narrow-band photometry of the [$\rm H\alpha$ ]{}and [\[\] ]{}emission lines (@sobral12b), but these measurements are affected by the unknown metallicities of the galaxies. At high redshifts ($z>2$) the ultraviolet (UV) slope is typically used to determine dust extinction (@stanway05 [@hathi08; @reddy10; @finkelstein11; @wilkins11; @bouwens12; @hathi12]), where access to the Balmer lines is difficult. The relationship between UV slope and dust reddening depends


axis and positional angle of the ellipse). These parameters are used for our own routine to extract the fluxes as follows. All four HST bands are extracted in the same elliptical apertures defined in the F110W images. The local background for each aperture is calculated within a square annulus using a mean with 3$\sigma$ clipping to determine the representative background per pixel. Then, the total background-subtracted flux is computed within the aperture by adding all the aperture pixels. The flux uncertainties are computed using Monte Carlo simulations. First, for each aperture pixel we randomly vary the flux according to a normal distribution with a width provided by an error map. Second, we repeat this process 1000 times, extracting the randomized flux in each realization. Finally, from the simulatedGoal.com runs through the best in show from France 2010...

FRANCE

SPAIN

ENGLAND

CROATIA

Ourprovides the best breaking news online and ourfootball fan community is unmatched worldwide. Never miss a thing again!

The 2010 UEFA Under-19 European Championships have reached their conclusion and it was the hosts, France, who emerged victorious, following the trend set by Ukraine in the 2009 edition. Alexandre Lacazette, the outstanding young Olympique Lyonnais forward, scored the winning goal in the final off a sublime assist by the effervescent Gael Kakuta.The result came as something of a shock to viewers as les Bleuets' opponents, Spain, had been heavily favoured to emerge on top. And despite a fine first half and indeed, preceding four matches, la Rojita were unable to contain a France team which considerably upped the tempo in the


JERUSALEM, Israel — Pastor John Hagee, founder and national director of Christians United for Israel (CUFI), told Breitbart News in an exclusive interview Friday that President Donald Trump had earned “political immortality” by moving the U.S. embassy in Israel to Jerusalem.

“I told him that the moment that you do that, I believe that you will step into political immortality. Because you are having the courage to do what other presidents did not have the courage do to.”

He added that he believed the transfer of the U.S. embassy to Jerusalem Monday would cement the bond between the U.S. and Israel.

“For decades America has referred to Israel as ‘our dearest friend in the Middle East.’ But we never put our embassy there, when in fact our embassy was located ina tremendous benefit and blessing to the State of Israel and the Jewish people,” he said.

He also emphasized that Americans were safer because of Trump’s decision.

Barack Obama put into the hands of a terrorist state — the leading terrorist state in the world — billions of dollars through which Iran would pay for advanced weaponry to use against Israel and against the United States of America. An inter-continental ballistic missile is not needed to blow up Jerusalem. It is needed to blow up New York.

“That is why America is safer. It has even been carried in the American media that Iran has its intelligence people, terrorists, all in America, plotting and planning for the way to attack and destroy our nation. This should concern us. This is why,


and decorative unit heights. Most buildings are relatively low, usually three or four floors.

Occasional plazas open the vista and usually focus on an ancient church, palace or governmental building. Fringed by The Malecon, Havana's sea-splashed, grand Gulf-front promenade, the terrain slopes gently from a central height to the harbor.

Vieja Havana is a heat island, with an average temperature more than three degrees hotter than the rest of the city because of its high density, flat, reflective rooftops and scarcity of green space. Yet it's much cooler inside the buildings than it would be in taller, detached buildings subject to the merciless pounding of the sun. It is a design that makes sense in the tropics, particularly in an environment without air conditioning.

Ironically, the very economic conditions that leftSeveral sources within law enforcement say the fire that was intentionally set at a home Thursday night in West Fargo is tied to rival motorcycle gangs here in the Valley.

The fire in question was at 720 10th Ave. W. in West Fargo.

The homeowner was able to put out the flames with a garden hose before fire crews arrived.

Investigators spent more than an hour checking for clues.

Multiple law enforcement sources say the fire is the result of a feud between two biker gangs, Sons of Silence and Hells Angels.

A federal law enforcement source says the fire was started by a member of the Sons of Silence.

Investigators say a Molotov cocktail is what caused the fire. They add it was the clue that first led them to believe the fire


to connect. You replied 'yes' and ssh at your client machine memorized the host name, IP and the fingerprint in the file ~/.ssh/known_hosts. Then during all subsequent connections it verifies that the fingerprint is not changed as a change is an indication that the authentication process requires your attention. There could be a few valid reasons of a mismatch:

you re-installed sshd at the remote host;
your host uses DHCP to get its IP and the IP got changed.

The case when you know precisely that the fingerprint should not change indicates to you an attempt to make you get into another system.
This mechanism aimed to make you sure that you are logged in to the system you are expected to log in.
In your case you first log into(PlusMinus1 colour scale) was observed associated with mass deviation predominantly between ±0.2 and 0.3 Da. We use in-house developed software for mass recalibration, to eliminate the mass deviation effects and help with the detection of low-intensity mass signals.


seats used to lift to reveal cubbies. Each man who attended the synagogue could store his prayer books and shawls in these cabinets and lock theirs with a key. After World War II, many of these cabinets remained locked because their owners never returned. Out of respect, these were left locked until bugs began to attack the abandoned items. Then, in a conservation effort, the cabinets were opened in order to preserve the artifacts. Today the key holes are still visible on the benches.

Portuguese Synagogue Benches with Cubbies

The large synagogue sits in the courtyard of a building that has been built to surround the courtyard like a brick wall. The rest of the tour includes the facilities in this surrounding building. One is the “winter synagogue,” a much*Umod*), an effector protein of CD4^+^ CD25^+^ regulatory T-cells (*Pla2g2d*) \[[@pone.0164027.ref025]\], and of *Glycam1*, *Pglyrp1*, and *Retnla* were expressed earlier or to a stronger extent in protected mice compared to unprotected mice yet their involvement is not previously described in the context of immunity against *B*. *pertussis*.

Modulated Cytokine Levels in Lung Tissue Extract {#sec010}
------------------------------------------------

The protein concentrations of 32 cytokines in the lungs were analyzed. The concentrations of thirteen cytokines significantly changed following a *B*. *pertussis* challenge in protected and unprotected mice ([Fig 5](#pone.0164027.g005){ref-type="fig"}). CCL4 was decreased in protected mice 10 days p.c. ([Fig 5A](#pone.0164027.g005){ref-type="fig"}). CCL11 decreased in unprotected mice until 14 days p.i. and in protected mice until 2 days p.i. ([Fig 5B](#pone.0164027.g005){ref-type="fig"}). Moreover, a significant decrease occurred for VEGF in unprotected mice between 2--7 days p.i., which


p.i.

In protected mice, anti-OMV IgA antibodies were present before challenge (D0) and were further increased 14 days p.c. Anti-Prn and anti-Fim2/3 IgA remained elevated, while anti-Ptx IgA decreased. Combined data of all time points showed a gradual increase of pulmonary anti-OMV IgA levels post-challenge in protected mice ([Fig 7G](#pone.0164027.g007){ref-type="fig"}). Western blotting and mass spectrometry was used to determine the antigen specificity of the anti-OMV IgA antibodies in protected mice before (D0) and after the challenge (D14) ([Fig 7H](#pone.0164027.g007){ref-type="fig"}). The IgA antibodies on D0 were solely directed against Vag8. Notably, challenge of protected mice led to strong anti-LPS IgA antibody formation, whereas the level of anti-Vag8 antibodies remained unaltered ([Fig 7H](#pone.0164027.g007){ref-type="fig"}).

Specific CD4^+^ T-Cell Response in the Spleen {#sec014}
---------------------------------------------

After challenge, the presence and type of *B*. *pertussis* antigen-specific memory CD4^+^CD44^+^alveolar macrophages \[[@pone.0164027.ref046]\]. In addition, pulmonary secretion of M-CSF was detected exclusively in protected mice 4 hours p.c. This change in lung environment enables formation of specific alveolar macrophages with a very high antigen-presenting capacity \[[@pone.0164027.ref047]\]. The contribution of alveolar macrophages \[[@pone.0164027.ref048]\] and mast-cells \[[@pone.0164027.ref049]\] with respect to immunity against *B*. *pertussis* has previously been demonstrated.

Together these findings demonstrate that the infection-primed immunity resulted in the enhanced activity of pulmonary innate cells, such as alveolar macrophages, M-cells, and ILCs. This may indicate that these innate cells have trained innate immunity \[[@pone.0164027.ref050]\] that provides an altered pulmonary innate homeostasis \[[@pone.0164027.ref051]\]. This different status of innate cells may contribute to the local immunity in protected mice. Therefore, pulmonary innate cells are interesting targets for optimizing pertussis vaccination strategies, e.g. by


pulmonary vaccination.

Infection-induced immunity comprised of a Th1/Th17-mediated response, as was demonstrated by the systemic analysis of *B*. *pertussis*-specific T-cells in the spleen. After the challenge, these responses were recalled fast in the protected mice. Despite the upregulated pulmonary gene expression of *Cxcl9*, protein secretion of CXCL9 and CXCL10 was not detectable in lung lysates and serum of protected mice, indicating reduced recruitment of CXCR3^+^ T-cells. However, gene expression showed that molecular signatures of T-cells (i.e. *Cd3g*, *Cd4*, *Thy1*) were further enhanced in protected mice post-challenge. This indicates the presence of tissue-resident memory CD4^+^ T-cells. This assumption is emphasized by the enhanced expression of the memory T-cell marker *Il7r* (*Cd127*). Moreover, gene expression of the chemokines *Ccl20* and *Cxcl12* and their corresponding receptors *Cxcr6* and *Ccr6* implied recruitment ofagainst pertussis. The unprotected mice are largely depending on recruitment of phagocytic cells into the lungs to remove the bacteria, whereas the acquired immunity in the protected mice enables fast recognition and neutralization of the bacteria. The presence of mucosal IgA and upregulation of gene signatures related to memory Th1/Th17 cells and memory B-cells may indicate the presence of these cells that contribute to effective immunity against *B*. *pertussis*. Here, CCR6^+^ B-cells, Th17 cells and CXCR6^+^ T-cells play an important role in the *B*. *pertussis* infection-induced pulmonary immunity. Moreover, high activity of 'trained' pulmonary innate immune cells, such as alveolar macrophages, M-cells and goblet cells, was observed in the lungs of protected mice. Hence, induction of pulmonary immunity e.g. achieved by local immunization will improve the efficacy of


to a state of “Chaos-istan” and showing a lack of respect for civilian leadership. Petraeus intends to retire in September, and Obama plans to nominate him as the next CIA director.]

“What General Petraeus said is, ‘Look, I will give him several options. I may make a recommendation. And then the President will decide,’” Feinstein told MSNBC. “My own view is that this right now is a primarily—should be a military decision.”

Feinstein noted that she is bothered by Afghan President Hamid Karzai’s reaction. [Presumably, Feinstein was referring to comments Karzai made on the weekend, when he stated that the Nato-led coalition forces are “here for their own purposes, for their own goals, and they’re using our soil for that.” Last month, Karzai threatened to denounce the coalition as occupiersplan is to go east. So that to me is the crux of the decision. How do you begin a significant rollback of troops without destroying the forward momentum that has been made by the surge?”

It’s been 18 months since Obama first ordered a surge of 30,000 troops into Afghanistan. And even if he withdraws the surge, there would still be about 70,000 American troops on the ground. And according to the Department of Defense’s website, there are currently 1.425 million active service members in the U.S. military.

Those statistics brings us back to Peace Action West’s Rebecca Grifffin, who noted during Monday's action that because there is no draft, there is more of a disconnect from and less of an outcry about the wars in Afghanistan and Iraq,


are getting the help they need.

“There’s been a perception shift about Afghanistan,” Griffin continued, noting that it’s been going on for almost a decade, and that pressure from the public and Congress will make it more difficult for Obama to not follow suit.

But while Griffin is clearly against the war in Afghanistan, she believes there are alternative ways for the U.S. to be productively engaged. These include playing a role in regional diplomacy with Iran, Russia and Iraq, helping facilitate political negotiations with Afghan, and partnering with the Afghan people on development projects that help.

“But that does not include giving money to the military to build stuff because then it becomes a Taliban target,” Griffin explained.

Noting that Sen. Boxer has suggested drawing down the troops by 30,000 andeverything that happens in such a universe is meaningless. A tree falls. A young girl is rescued from sexual slavery. A dog barks. A man is killed for not espousing the national religion. These are all actions that can be known and explained but never given any meaning or value.
"

This is all true as far as it goes but is also question begging. Henderson is assuming that only an external conscious agent can give meaning to events and also that meaning requires objectivity, neither of which is self-evident.

"A good atheist -- that is, a consistent atheist -- recognizes this dilemma. His only reasonable conclusion is to reject objective meaning and morality. Thus, calling him "good" in the moral sense is nonsensical."

Again the conclusion is already in the premise


of the charge-trapping structures, more than one bit of information is stored in each memory cell. Usually, one of four distinct combinations of bits 00, 01, 10 and 11 can be stored in a memory cell having a charge-trapping structure, wherein each combination has a corresponding threshold voltage (Vt). In a read operation, the current flowing through the memory cell varies depending upon the Vt of the cell. Typically, such current has one of four different values each corresponding to a different Vt. Accordingly, by sensing such current, the particular bit combination stored in the cell is determined.
The total available charge range or Vt range can be referred to as the memory operation window. In other words, the memory operation window is defined by the difference between thetube, through which the style grows when the floret opens, hoovering up the pollen on its shaft. At the tip of both style branches is a narrowly triangular appendage. Around the base of the corolla are many white pappus bristles with teeth, that are easily discarded. The dry, one-seeded, indehiscent fruits called cypsellae are large, 3 mm (0.12 in) long and 1 mm (0.6 in) wide, inverted egg-shaped, yellowish brown to brown, with a strong marginal ridge, with thick, -1 mm (0.02–0.04 in) with short, robust hairs.

Felicia namaquana is a diploid having five sets of homologue chromosomes (2n=10).

Taxonomy
Many scientific names have been given to this species because it is very variable. In 1865 William Henry Harvey, described both Aster namaquanus and Aster elongatus var. candollei. Karl August Otto Hoffmann described Felicia schenckii in


In connection with maximum entropy distributions, this is the only one needed, because maximizing H(X){\displaystyle H(X)} will also maximize the more general forms.

The base of the logarithm is not important as long as the same one is used consistently: change of base merely results in a rescaling of the entropy. Information theorists may prefer to use base 2 in order to express the entropy in bits; mathematicians and physicists will often prefer the natural logarithm, resulting in a unit of nats for the entropy.

The choice of the measure dx{\displaystyle dx} is however crucial in determining the entropy and the resulting maximum entropy distribution, even though the usual recourse to the Lebesgue measure is often defended as "natural"

Many statistical distributions of applicable interest are those for which the momentsa solution to the interpolation problem. The simple formula for the factorial, x. =1 ×2 × … × x, a good solution to this is the gamma function. There are infinitely many continuous extensions of the factorial to non-integers, the gamma function is the most useful solution in practice, being analytic, and it can be characterized in several ways. The Bohr–Mollerup theorem proves that these properties, together with the assumption that f be logarithmically convex, uniquely determine f for positive, from there, the gamma function can be extended to all real and complex values by using the unique analytic continuation of f. Also see Eulers infinite product definition below where the properties f =1 and f = x f together with the requirement that limn→+∞. nx / f


entropy that is used. A common unit of information is the bit, based on the binary logarithm, other units include the nat, which is based on the natural logarithm, and the hartley, which is based on the common logarithm. In what follows, an expression of the form p log p is considered by convention to be equal to zero whenever p =0 and this is justified because lim p →0 + p log  p =0 for any logarithmic base

7.
Directional statistics
–
Directional statistics is the subdiscipline of statistics that deals with directions, axes or rotations in Rn. More generally, directional statistics deals with observations on compact Riemannian manifolds, other examples of data that may be regarded as directional include statistics involving temporal periods, compass directions, dihedral angles in molecules,vibe, Gold purchased two lots on Pacific Avenue in Venice in 1965. With help from his lifelong pal Zabo, he built a gym so that he and his brawny friends could work out by the ocean.

Frank Zane (International Federation of Bodybuilders Mr. Olympia, 1977-79): It was no-frills. There were solid concrete floors, rubber mats. Many, many good mirrors.

Eddie Giuliani (IFBB Mr. America, 1974): Joe had a two-car garage where he lived in Venice that he converted into a machine shop. He made all the equipment for the gym: dumbbells, overhead cables, seated calf machines, leg presses, the benches. Serious iron.

Chet Yorton (National Amateur Body-Builders’ Association Mr. Universe, 1966): I had started competing and won Mr. Los Angeles and Mr. Pacific Coast, all the titles out here. Then I


Then they had come back again and again. We ended up getting $65,000 in location fees.

Pete Grymkowski: Ed Connors, who was an architect, had found a new place on Hampton Drive back in Venice. Between the move and the build-out we were strapped financially. The TV production people moved all our equipment to the new location with their trucks. It’s safe to say that Hart To Hart saved us.

From their headquarters at 360 Hampton Drive in Venice, the new owners introduced an entirely different business model for fitness clubs: franchising.

Paul Grymkowski (president, Gold’s Gym): My brother Pete was still competing and going around the country guest posing. People would say, “I would love to come out to Gold’s, but we don’t have the money, we don’t have thea reported $158 million.

The original Gold’s Gym, at 1006 Pacific Avenue in Venice, is now a private residence. The Gold’s Gym at 360 Hampton Drive in Venice remains open; the building was recently purchased by Google.

Joe Gold followed their example by franchising World Gym. His later years were spent in a wheelchair, but he could still be found most days behind the counter, being his irascible self. He died in 2004 and his ashes were spread in the Pacific Ocean.

Ferrigno: The legacy from that era is the chiseled look, like when Sly [Stallone] did Rocky. You take The Rock today: Fans get excited because when they see his muscles, they know it’s real and not some costume. It’s believable. They want buff. They want abs like Gerard Butler


[National Republican Senatorial Committee] is confident Republicans will be able to win this soon-to-be vacant Senate seat come November, and look forward to expanding our Senate Majority,” Michael McAdams, a spokesman for the National Republican Senatorial Committee said shortly after Franken's speech.

Though the state hasn't gone Republican in a presidential campaign in decades, Trump narrowly lost the state by less than 2 percentage points last year.               /* Do something here */
                AIM_LOG_MSG("read failed errno=%d %s\n", errno, strerror(errno));
                return -1;
            }
        }
        if(rv == 0 && remaining) {
            /* What to do here? */
            AIM_LOG_MSG("read() returned zero but we


Patient education pamphlets about prevention, detection, and treatment of breast cancer for low literacy women.
The objective of this project was to identify and assess readily available patient education literature about prevention, detection and treatment of breast cancer for the patient with low literacy skills. The target population had a reading comprehension level of sixth grade or lower. Nineteen pamphlets were analyzed using RightWriter and were found to have an average readability index of 9.15, therefore requiring at least a ninth grade level of reading comprehension. As a consequence, many pieces of the available literature were inappropriate for the target population. There are implications as a broader group of health care providers becomes more involved in the treatment of low literacy patients. In providing patient education literature to poorlyfor copying and labeling. Many of these materials involve the mixing of two or more physically separated reagents to cause a color forming reaction. Several general classes of color forming reactants have been used, of which two common ones are a) leuco lactone or spiropyran compounds reactable with phenolic compounds (e.g. U.S. Pat. No. 3,829,401 and U.S. Pat. No. 3,846,153) and b) heavy metal salts of organic acids reactable with ligands to give colored complexes (e.g. U.S. Pat. No. 2,663,654, U.S. Pat. No. 3,094,620, U.S. Pat. No. 3,293,055, U.S. Pat. No. 3,953,659, U.S. Pat. No. 4,334,015, U.S. Pat. No. 4,513,302, U.S. Pat. No. 4,531,141, U.S. Pat. No. 4,533,930 and U.S. Pat. No. 4,602,264).
Commercial preference for the heavy metal salt class has often resulted from the high stability and


when reacted with a colorless ligand. Organophosphates of ferric iron are known in the art to be amongst the few colorless ferric salts (Smythe et al., J. Inorg. Nucl. Chem., 30 1553-1561, (1968)). In U.S. Pat. No. 4,533,930 and U.S. Pat. No. 4,602,264 it is disclosed that such organophosphates, and the equivalent thiophosphates, can react with a variety of ligands under the influence of heat or pressure to give colored results. Ferric salts of organophosphinic acids and organophosphonic acids are included in those disclosures. Some of these organophosphates and many of the thiophosphates have some color cast before reaction which appears to be obscured by the use of white filler in the compositions. In these two patents there are disclosed pressure sensitive manifold papers in which at leastone of the two reactants is encapsulated as a solvent solution. When the microcapsules are burst by pressure, the reactants come into contact and immediately react at room temperature to give a colored result. These patents further disclose the use of ferric organophosphates containing organic acid moieties formed by the aqueous reaction of a ferric salt, an alkali metal organophosphate, and an alkali metal salt of an organic acid. These are disclosed as giving the initial material better "color forming properties" an giving better image colors (U.S. Pat. No. 4,533,930, Column 5, lines 38-39 and U.S. Pat. No. 4,602,264, Column 5, lines 7-9) than the simple organophosphates. Excess organic acid salt is disclosed as degrading the white color. It is of significance that the inventors do not consider


the choice of the ferric salt used in the preparation to be important. In fact they specifically mention ferric chloride and ferric sulfate (U.S. Pat. No. 4,533,930, Column 6, lines 10-17 and U.S. Pat. No. 4,602,264, Column 6, lines 12-18) and all of their examples use ferric chloride.30 days, respectively. Mice in RJ group received RJ at a dose of 100 mg/kg daily, and mice in OXM+RJ group received 5 mg/kg OXM and 100 mg/kg RJ daily for 30 days.

Sampling {#sec2-4}
--------

Animals were sacrificed by cervical vertebrae dislocation 24 hours after the last treatment\[[@ref15]\]. The animal studies were approved by the local Ethics Committee. Blood for biochemical analysis was drawn directly from the atrium. To obtain liver tissue samples, the abdominal cavity was opened through a vertical midline abdominal incision, and the liver was immediately excised for analysis. Livers were divided into two pieces, one of which was fixed in 10% formalin for future histological evaluation, and another was used for further biochemical studies.

Measurement of catalase activity {#sec2-5}
--------------------------------

Based on its capability to decompose H~2~O~2~ in liver


for complex development are provided in the presence of reductants (antioxidants), which allows the color development. Standard solution of ferrous sulfate (FeII100 to 2000 mM) was prepared in distilled water. Data were expressed as mmol tissue weight (FRAP value)\[[@ref16],[@ref17]\].

Measurement of enzymes {#sec2-8}
----------------------

Serum biomarkers of liver function, including ALT, AST, ALP, albumin and total proteins\[[@ref18]\] were measured using a spectrophotometric assays kit (Pars Azmoon Co., Tehran, Iran) and an automatic analyzer (Architect c8000 Clinical Chemistry System, USA).

Histopathological examination {#sec2-9}
-----------------------------

After fixing in formalin, liver tissues were embedded in paraffin, sectioned at 5-μm thickness and then stained with hematoxylin and eosin. All sections were examined by light microscopy.

Statistical analysis {#sec2-10}
--------------------

The data were presented as mean±SEM. Differences between the groups were analyzed using one-way variance analysis (ANOVA), followed by Tukey's test usingclose. We do not allow badges to be resold, given away, or otherwise transferred to other individuals. See the complete policy.

Why should I pre-register?
Pre-registration helps us estimate the number of attendees we will have, and it helps us pay for things in advance. If you pre-register, we can invite more guests, buy more food for our ConSweet if we have one, plan more entertainment, and a lot more. Oh, and you save money.

What do my convention registration costs go towards?
Your registration payments are used for a number of purposes to facilitate holding the convention, such as paying the hotel or convention center, bringing in VIP guests of honor, and getting equipment used during the convention. Early registration gets a discount, as we are often able to lower costs


Huanan Seafood Market, 84 (41.6%) patients visited Hubei province and 92 (45.5%) patients had contact with people who visited Hubei province after the onset of the COVID-19 epidemic. 98 (48.5%) patients had known contact with suspected or confirmed cases. However, 32 (15.8%) patients did not report any known contact with Hubei. The median time from symptom onset to admission was 5.0 days (IQR 2.0--7.0 days).

23 (11.4%) of the patients developed severe illness in our study. The age of severe patients was comparable with non-severe patients (median age 49.0 yr vs. 44.0 yr, P = 0.066) and the BMI index of severe patients was higher than non-severe patients (median BMI, 26.4 kg/m^2^ vs. 24.2 kg/m^2^, P = 0.004). Nearly half (44.4%) of the severe patients were obese (BMI ≥study \[[@pntd.0008280.ref020]\].

Early identification of patients with severe illness is important for the management of patients with COVID-19. We conducted univariate and multivariate analysis for risk factors of COVID-19 patients with severe illness on admission. For the first time, we identified the obesity (BMI over 28 kg/m^2^) and a history of type 2 diabetes as two independent risk factors of severe illness, suggesting that the metabolic conditions was associated the severity of COVID-19. In the previous study, metabolic syndrome-related conditions such as diabetes and obesity were also demonstrated to be etiologically linked to middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) pathogenesis \[[@pntd.0008280.ref023]\]. These disorders were reported to down regulate some key mediators of host immune response to pathogenesis \[[@pntd.0008280.ref023],[@pntd.0008280.ref024]\]. Previous study found that a known history of type 2 diabetes


you already have previous experience and your sensei is taking that into consideration. But, normally the USAF testing guidelines are to be followed. The Technical Committee would not have put them there if they did not think that they were important. However, the earlier ranks like 6th, 5th and 4th kyu, you can seemingly pass through them rather quickly. It is when you begin to test for 3rd, 2nd and 1st kyu is when testing slows down as a consquence of longer time between tests compounded with higher expectations of skill level.

As far as time to black belt, 5 years is probablly the earliest you can test if you train everyday and test on the day that you get your "time in". For most people it can takethe hours, though only they and their senseis probably know the whole truth (the number of hours written on the form is not necessarily always accurate). Then again even they may not be sure, not everybody keeps especially complete or accurate records of attendance.

For me, my criteria when preparing for an exam is simple. Can I do what is expected and not embarrass myself or my sensei? The rest I leave to others (my senseis, the technical committee, etc.) to figure out.

I have to completely "ditto" this. I have heard stories where Yamada Sensei failed everyone. My first winter camp with about 25 dan (shodan through sandan) tests Yamada Sensei only passed a couple of people on "merit" which he announced to everyone. The remaining testers after Yamada


teacher - must attend the test. If you are not there, how could you tell if your student did well or not? And also as a teacher you should know that if your student has failed you should take the blame. So, the next time you send your student to a seminar to test, make sure your student is ready so as not to embarrass yourself."

Everyone's opinions have been great. I have talked to my sensei and finally realize that I love the art of Aikido and if you are talented you could rise up a little quicker than some. But it is the quality of your Aikido that matters, not the belt. I will someday in the fairly near future reach shodan and beyond, but I haveand nobody in USAF gets there quickly. Beginner talent has a way of evaporating -- it's not that rare to see beginners in a martial art who "master" things quickly at the start, but that doesn't last, and that's when a lot of these talented beginners quit. Likewise, people who train the max days possible don't usually sustain their training pace -- even if life doesn't intervene (five evenings a week is more than most people with a life can spend on any hobby), most people who train that much get burned out. Your pace of training will probably slow, you'll spend longer and longer between tests even if your sensei cheats on the hours...if you do hang in there, it will be a long haul.


The push to sub-0.18 micron multilevel metallized interconnections, such as lines, via, and trenches, and the desire to produce faster semiconductor devices, has resulted in a shift toward the use of copper for making electrical interconnections in ultra-large scale integration circuits. The deposition of copper interconnects are not without difficulties, however. For example, when copper is etched, it tends to be redeposited elsewhere on the semiconductor device, or on the processing chamber. Copper atoms also readily diffuse into silicon-containing dielectric layers. The contamination by copper in unwanted locations can degrade or destroy the performance of active devices in integrated circuits.
One approach to reducing the problems with copper etching and diffusion to deposit an underlying barrier layer to block the migration of copper atoms into other components of theYusa Chiaki is an ordinary high-school student, whose motto is simplicity and frugality. Her favorite character is Uesugi Youzan. One day while going to search for a part time job she gets chased by kappas and a mysterious man rescues her. What will happen to her now?


Houshmand conceived the project and supervised the study. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

NPD

:   Niemann-Pick disease

ASM

:   acid sphingomyelinase

SMC

:   Special Medical Center

SMPD1

:   sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase 1

The authors declare no conflict of interest.
matrices $\{ \sigma_{(\mu)}\} $ in $ \mathbb{C}^{2 \times
2}$. To this end, for a given $\mu$ we define the four components $[\vec{s}_{(\mu)}]_\alpha, \; (\alpha = 0,\ldots,3) $ of the vector $\vec{s}_{(\mu)}$, as $[\vec{s}_{(\mu)}]_\alpha \equiv
[\sigma_{(\mu)}]_\alpha$, that is $$\label{e18}
\vec{s}_{(\mu)} \equiv
\begin{pmatrix}
[\sigma_{(\mu)}]_0 \\
[\sigma_{(\mu)}]_1 \\
[\sigma_{(\mu)}]_2 \\
[\sigma_{(\mu)}]_3
\end{pmatrix} =
\begin{pmatrix}
\Lambda_{0 \mu } \\
\Lambda_{1 \mu } \\
\Lambda_{2 \mu } \\
\Lambda_{3 \mu }
\end{pmatrix},
  $$ where $\mu = 0,\ldots,3$. From Eq. (\[e18\]) is clear that the $\mu$-th column of the matrix $\Lambda$ is made of the components $[\vec{s}_{(\mu)}]_\alpha$ of the $4$-vector $\vec{s}_{(\mu)}$. Alternatively we can find the vectors $\vec{s}_{(\mu)}$ by using the Rule: $[\vec{s}_{(\mu)}]_{\alpha = 2i+j} =
[\sigma_{(\mu)}]_{ij} $. For example, for $\mu =2$ we have $$\label{e18b}
\sigma_{(2)} =  \frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}
\begin{pmatrix}
  0 & -{\mathrm{i}}\\
  {\mathrm{i}}& 0
\end{pmatrix} \equiv
\begin{pmatrix}
  [\vec{s}_{(2)}]_0 & [\vec{s}_{(2)}]_1 \\
  [\vec{s}_{(2)}]_2 & [\vec{s}_{(2)}]_3
\end{pmatrix},
  $$ from


 \delta_{\alpha \beta}.
  $$ By using Eq. (\[e16\]) this relation can be written in less involved form as $$\label{e21}
\begin{array}{ccl}
\displaystyle{\sum_{\mu = 0}^3 [\sigma_{(\mu)}]_\alpha
[\sigma_{(\mu)}^*]_\beta}& = &  \displaystyle{\sum_{\mu = 0}^3
\{\epsilon_{(\alpha)},\sigma_{(\mu)}\}\{\sigma_{(\mu)},\epsilon_{(\beta)}\}}\\
& = & \{\epsilon_{(\alpha)},\epsilon_{(\beta)}\}\\
& = &  \delta_{\alpha \beta},
\end{array}
  $$ which is easier to understand. It is useful for later purposes to write the completeness relation in terms of the “Latin” matrix elements $[\sigma_{(\mu)}]_{ij},
(i,j=0,1)$. To this end we first associate the four indices $i,j,k,l = 0, 1$ to the two indices $\alpha, \beta = 0, \ldots,3$, by using the Rule: $$\label{e22}
\begin{array}{ccl}
  \alpha & = & 2i+j, \\
  \beta & = & 2k+l.
\end{array}
  $$ Then, after noticing that $\delta_{\alpha \beta} = \delta_{2i+j,
 2k+l} =\delta_{i k}\delta_{j l}$, we rewrite Eq. (\[e20\]) as $$\label{e23}
 \displaystyle{\sum_{\mu = 0}^3 [\sigma_{(\mu)}]_{ij}
[\sigma_{(\mu)}^*]_{kl}} =+ S_3 & S_1 - {\mathrm{i}}S_2 \\
  S_1 + {\mathrm{i}}S_2 & S_0 - S_3
\end{pmatrix}.
  $$ Form the formula above we see that $$\label{e14hc}
\mathrm{Tr} J =  \sqrt{2} S_0,
  $$ while from the definition Eq. (\[e14f\]) we have $$\label{e14hd}
\mathrm{Tr} J =  {\langle}|E_0|^2{\rangle}+  {\langle}|E_1|^2{\rangle}\equiv I,
  $$ where with $I$ we denoted the total intensity of the beam. By equating Eq. (\[e14hc\]) with Eq. (\[e14hd\]) we obtain our definiton of $S_0$: $$\label{e14he}
S_0 =  \frac{I}{ \sqrt{2}}.
  $$ Under the transformation $T$, the polarization matrix $J$ transform as $J \rightarrow J'$ where, by definition, $$\label{e14i}
\begin{array}{ccl}
J_{ij}' & = & {\langle}E_i' {E_j'}^{*} {\rangle}\\
& = & T_{ik}{\langle}E_k {E_l}^{*} {\rangle}{T_{jl}^*}\\
& = & T_{ik} J_{kl} {T_{lj}^\dagger},
\end{array}
  $$ or, in matrix form, $$\label{e14j}
J' = TJT^\dagger.
  $$ From Eq. (\[e14j\])


In the remaining part of these notes we shall derive again the result in Eq. (\[e14l1\]) in two other different ways which are perhaps more complex but also more physically clear.

Note that from Eq. (\[e14l\]) it follows $$\label{e14l2}
M_{00} = \mathrm{Tr} \left\{ \sigma_{(0)} T \sigma_{(0)} T^\dagger
\right\} = \frac{1}{2} \mathrm{Tr} \left\{ T T^\dagger  \right\},
  $$ therefore, when $T$ is unitary $ \mathrm{Tr} \left\{ T T^\dagger
\right\} =  \mathrm{Tr} \left\{ I_2  \right\} = 2$, which implies $$\label{e14l3}
M_{00} = 1.
  $$ This is then the “natural” normalization of $M$.

From the $M$ matrix to the $H$ matrix
-------------------------------------

The Mueller matrix $M$ has not, in general, any particular symmetry property. However it is possible to extract from it an Hermitian matrix $H$ in the way we are going to show. Letc_{0} & d_{0} & c_{1} & d_{1} \\
  a_{2} & b_{2} & a_{3} & b_{3} \\
  c_{2} & d_{2} & c_{3} & d_{3} \\
\end{pmatrix}.
  $$ This equation can be considered as a definition of the $\mathrm{Per}[\;]$ operation alternative to the one given in Eq. (\[e25\]). The advantage of Eq. (\[e25b\]) with respect to Eq. (\[e25\]) is that it does not require the $4 \times 4$ matrix to be written as the direct product of two $2 \times 2$ sub-matrices, but it is applicable to arbitrary matrices.

The matrix $H$ is Hermitian: this can be easily seen by first writing explicitly $F$ in terms of the components $T_{ij}$ of $T$ $$\label{e39}
F = \begin{pmatrix}
  T_{00}T_{00}^* & T_{00}T_{01}^* & T_{01}T_{00}^* & T_{01}T_{01}^* \\
  T_{00}T_{10}^* & T_{00}T_{11}^* &


Eq. (\[e44i\]) to invert Eq. (\[e44b\]) and express $M$ as function of $C$. By multiplying both members of Eq. (\[e44b\]) by $\Gamma_{(\alpha
\beta)}$ and by tacking the trace, we obtain $$\label{e44j}
\begin{array}{ccl}
\mathrm{Tr}\{  \Gamma_{(\alpha \beta)} C \}& = &
\displaystyle{\sum_{\mu, \nu}^{0,3} M_{\mu \nu}
\mathrm{Tr}\{\Gamma_{(\alpha \beta)} \Gamma_{(\mu \nu)}\} }\\& = &
\displaystyle{\sum_{\mu, \nu}^{0,3} M_{\mu \nu}\delta_{\mu
\alpha}\delta_{\nu \beta}}\\
& = & \displaystyle{M_{\alpha \beta}},
\end{array}
  $$ that is $$\label{e44k}
M_{\mu \nu} = \mathrm{Tr}\{  \Gamma_{(\mu \nu)} C \}.
  $$ The Eqs. (\[e44b\]) and (\[e44k\]) can be put in a more compact form by using the Rule for $n=4$: $$\label{e44l}
(\mu \nu) \rightarrow 4 \mu + \nu \equiv \mathcal{A} \in
\{0,\ldots,15 \}.
  $$ Then we can rewrite $$\label{e44m}
 C  =  \sum_{\mathcal{A} = 0}^{15} \Gamma_{(\mathcal{A})}
 m_\mathcal{A},
  $$ where $$\label{e44n}
 m_\mathcal{A}  =  \mathrm{Tr}\{\Gamma_{(\mathcal{A})} C \},
  $$\},  \\
  Z & = & z_\mu \sigma_{(\mu)} & \Rightarrow & z_\mu & = & \mathrm{Tr} \{\sigma_{(\mu)} Z \},  \\
\end{array}
  $$ where $\mu = 0, \ldots, 3$ and summation on repeated indices is understood. We want to find a formula which expresses $\vec{z}$ as a function of $\vec{x}$ and $\vec{y}$. To this end let us write $$\label{e46}
\begin{array}{ccl}
  z_\mu & = & \mathrm{Tr} \{\sigma_{(\mu)} Z \}  \\
        & = & \mathrm{Tr} \{\sigma_{(\mu)} XY \} \\
        & = & x_\alpha y_\beta \mathrm{Tr} \{\sigma_{(\mu)}  \sigma_{(\alpha)}  \sigma_{(\beta)} \} \\
        & \equiv & x_\alpha y_\beta [\Upsilon_{(\mu)}]_{\alpha \beta},
\end{array}
  $$ where we have defined the


four matrices $\Upsilon_{(\mu)} \in
\mathbb{C}^{4 \times 4 }$ as $$\label{e47}
[\Upsilon_{(\mu)}]_{\alpha \beta} \equiv \mathrm{Tr}
\{\sigma_{(\mu)} \sigma_{(\alpha)}  \sigma_{(\beta)} \}.
  $$ Then we can rewrite Eq. (\[e46\]) in a compact form as $$\label{e48}
z_{\mu} = (\vec{x}^*, \Upsilon_{(\mu)} \vec{y}).
  $$ Let us notice that because of the cyclic property of the trace $$\label{e49}
\mathrm{Tr} \{\sigma_{(\mu)} \sigma_{(\alpha)}  \sigma_{(\beta)}
\} = \mathrm{Tr} \{\sigma_{(\beta)} \sigma_{(\mu)}
\sigma_{(\alpha)} \} = \mathrm{Tr} \{\sigma_{(\alpha)}
\sigma_{(\beta)} \sigma_{(\mu)} \},
  $$ we can write $$\label{e50}
[\Upsilon_{(\mu)}]_{\alpha \beta} =
[\Upsilon_{(\beta)}]_{\mu \alpha} =
[\Upsilon_{(\alpha)}]_{\beta \mu}.
  $$ We shall exploit this property in a moment. Now, let us consider the special case in which $Y = \sigma_{(\nu)} \Rightarrow y_\beta
= \delta_{\beta \nu} $. Then, from Eq. (\[e48\]) follows that $$\label{e51}
\begin{array}{ccl}
z_\mu & = & x_\alpha [\Upsilon_{(\mu)}]_{\alpha \nu}\\
      & = &[\Upsilon_{(\nu)}]_{\mu \alpha} x_\alpha\\
     & = &[\Upsilon_{(\nu)} \vec{x}]_{\mu},
\end{array}
  $$ where Eq. (\[e50\]) has been used. Another special case is the transposed one, that is when $X = \sigma_{(\gamma)} \Rightarrow
x_\alpha = \delta_{\alpha \gamma} $ and $$\label{e52}
\begin{array}{ccl}
z_\mu & = & [\Upsilon_{(\mu)}]_{\gamma \beta} y_\beta \\
      & = & [\Upsilon_{(\gamma)}]_{\beta \mu} y_\beta \\
      & = & [\Upsilon_{(\gamma)}^T \vec{y}]_{\mu}.
\end{array}
  $$ The previous results can be summarized as follows: $$\label{e53}
\begin{array}{lclclcl}
Z & = & X \sigma_{(\nu)} & \Rightarrow & \vec{z} & = &
\Upsilon_{(\nu)}
\vec{x}\\
Z & = & \sigma_{(\mu)}Y & \Rightarrow & \vec{z} & = &
\Upsilon_{(\mu)}^T \vec{y}.
\end{array}
  $$ Now we are equipped to consider the last, most complicated case $Z
= \sigma_{(\mu)} T \sigma_{(\nu)}$, where $T = c_\alpha
\sigma_{(\alpha)}$ is a given $2 \times 2$ matrix associated to the


Eq. (\[e10b\]).

Two-photon density matrix and scattering processes
--------------------------------------------------

An arbitrary two-photon state can be described by a density operator $\hat{\rho}$ as $$\label{q170}
\begin{array}{lcl}
 \displaystyle{ \hat{\rho}} & = &
  \displaystyle{ \sum_{\alpha, \beta}^{0,3} \mathcal{D}_{\alpha \beta} | \alpha {\rangle}{\langle}\beta | }\\
   & = &  \displaystyle{ \sum_{i,j,k,l}^{0,1} \mathcal{D}_{ij,kl} | ij {\rangle}{\langle}kl | } \\
   & = &  \displaystyle{ \sum_{i,j,k,l}^{0,1} \mathcal{D}_{ij,kl} | i {\rangle}{\langle}k | \otimes |j {\rangle}{\langle}l | }  \\
   & = &  \displaystyle{ \sum_{i,j,k,l}^{0,1} { \widetilde{\mathcal{D}}}_{ik,jl} | i {\rangle}{\langle}k | \otimes |j {\rangle}{\langle}l | } \\
   & = &
  \displaystyle{ \sum_{\mu, \nu}^{0,3} { \widetilde{ \mathcal{D}}}_{\mu \nu} \hat{\epsilon}_{(\mu)}\otimes \hat{\epsilon}_{(\nu)}},\\
\end{array}  $$ where $\mu = 2i+k, \; \nu = 2j + l$ and $$\label{q180}
\widetilde{\mathcal{D}}_{ik,jl} = \mathcal{D}_{ij,kl} \quad
\Leftrightarrow \quad \widetilde{\mathcal{D}} =
\mathrm{Per}[\mathcal{D}].
  $$matrices $\rho$ and $\rho'$ respectively. However, in the classical Mueller-Stokes formalism the observables are referred to the Pauli basis rather than to the standard one. To illustrate this point let us consider the density matrices $\rho^A$ and $\rho^B$ of two independent photons $$\label{q310}
\rho^F = \sum_{\alpha = 0}^3 S^F_\alpha \sigma_{(\alpha)}, \qquad
(F = A,B),
  $$ and let build the corresponding two-photon density matrix $\rho^{AB}$ in the usual way: $$\label{q320}
\begin{array}{lcl}
\rho^{AB} & = & \rho^{A} \otimes \rho^{B}\\
 &  =  & \displaystyle{\sum_{\alpha, \beta}^{0,1}  S^A_\alpha S^B_\beta \sigma_{(\alpha)} \otimes
 \sigma_{(\beta)}}\\
  &  \equiv  & \displaystyle{\sum_{\alpha, \beta}^{0,1} D^{AB}_{\alpha \beta} \sigma_{(\alpha)} \otimes
 \sigma_{(\beta)}},
\end{array}  $$ where we have defined the $16$ two-photon Stokes parameters as: $$\label{q322}
  D^{AB}_{\alpha \beta} \equiv S^A_\alpha S^B_\beta.
  $$ From now on we suppress the superscript


$AB$ and we seek the relation between the two $4 \times 4$ matrices $\mathcal{\widetilde{D}}$ and $D$ defined by the following relations: $$\label{q330}
\begin{array}{lcl}
\rho & = & \displaystyle{\sum_{\alpha, \beta}^{0,1} D_{\alpha
\beta} \sigma_{(\alpha)} \otimes
 \sigma_{(\beta)}} \\
 & =  & \displaystyle{\sum_{\alpha, \beta}^{0,1} \widetilde{\mathcal{D}}_{\alpha \beta} \epsilon_{(\alpha)} \otimes
 \epsilon_{(\beta)}}.
\end{array}  $$ By using Eq. (\[e14\]) it trivially follows $$\label{q340}
\begin{array}{lcl}
\rho & = & \displaystyle{\sum_{\alpha, \beta}^{0,1} D_{\alpha
\beta} \sigma_{(\alpha)} \otimes
 \sigma_{(\beta)}} \\
 &  =  & \displaystyle{\sum_{\alpha, \beta, \mu, \nu}^{0,1}
 \Lambda_{\mu \alpha} D_{\alpha \beta}  \Lambda_{\nu \beta} \epsilon_{(\mu)} \otimes
 \epsilon_{(\nu)}}\\
   &  =  & \displaystyle{\sum_{\mu, \nu}^{0,1}
 [ \Lambda D  \Lambda^T]_{\mu \nu} \epsilon_{(\mu)} \otimes
 \epsilon_{(\nu)}}\\
   &  =  & \displaystyle{\sum_{\mu, \nu}^{0,1}
\widetilde{\mathcal{D}}_{\mu \nu} \epsilon_{(\mu)} \otimes
 \epsilon_{(\nu)}}.
\end{array}  $$ So, we found $$\label{q350}
\widetilde{\mathcal{D}} = \Lambda D \Lambda^T \quad
\Leftrightarrow \quad D = \Lambda^\dagger& 0 \\
  0 & 0 & 0 & 0 \\
\end{array}\right).
  $$ If we substitute Eq. (\[q380\]) and Eq. (\[q400\]) into Eq. (\[q300\]) we obtain straightforwardly $$\label{q410}
M  = \left(\begin{array}{cccc}
  1 & 0 & 0 & 1-2g(\gamma) \\
  0 & -\gamma & 0 & 0 \\
  0 & 0 & \gamma & 0 \\
  1-2g(\gamma) & 0 & 0 & 1-4g(\gamma) \\
\end{array}\right).
  $$ As a last example, we consider the case of an output Werner state represented by $$\label{q420}
{\mathcal{D}} ' = \left(\begin{array}{cccc}
  (1 - p)/4 & 0 & 0 & 0 \\
  0 & (1 + p)/4 & -p/2 & 0 \\
  0 & -p/2 & (1 + p)/4 & 0 \\
  0 & 0 & 0


& (1 - p)/4 \\
\end{array}\right),
  $$ and again a singlet input state. In this case it is easy to see that the required Mueller matrix can be written as $$\label{q430}
M  = \left(\begin{array}{cccc}
  1 & 0 & 0 & 0 \\
  0 & p & 0 & 0 \\
  0 & 0 & p & 0 \\
  0 & 0 & 0 & p \\
\end{array}\right).
  $$

Multi-mode states
-----------------

Until now we dealt with two- and four-dimensional Hilbert spaces, since we considered only polarization degrees of freedom of photons. However, photons also posses other degrees of freedom that, although apparently irrelevant, may play an important role. In this subsection we consider photons as physical systems with many degrees of freedom, including the polarization ones thatI really want Winter to have green eyes, but they are darker than Alice's were at this point, and I see hazel in her future as well. How long did it take y'all's other children's eyes to settle? Alice was almost 2. They go from green to an amber brown now.


at Fountain, and the other at Santa Monica Blvd – have significantly beautified the area. The nearly-completed buildings look beautiful, modern, and even have some architectural appeal (more could be added, though). Increased density, combined with better walkability and safer environment – should play a positive role for the area. Quality of life is all but certain to improve.

Now, let’s refer to some photos that I recently took to show how La Brea has improved and can be further improved.

Now, let’s take a look at other examples. Recently I visited New Orleans, LA, and was amazed at the city’s walkability! Below you can find examples of how beautiful the streets, and sidewalks, can look when truly pedestrian-friendly streetscapes are installed. This can be a good lesson for cityEur J Heart Fail 3: 749-53).
Chronic heart failure (chronic HF) is a long-term condition developing over months and years with a usually stable treated symptomatology. This condition is associated with the heart undergoing adaptive responses which, however, can be deleterious in the long-term and lead to a worsening condition. Acute heart failure (AHF) is a term used to describe exacerbated or decompensated heart failure, referring to episodes in which a patient can be characterized as having a change in heart failure signs and symptoms resulting in a need for urgent therapy or hospitalization. AHF develops rapidly during hours or days and can be immediately life threatening because the heart does not have time to undergo compensatory adaptations. Chronic HF may also decompensate which most commonly result from an


         state.previousToken = { style: style, indented: state.indented };
        }
        // if current state is ruby and the previous token is not `,` reset the
        // tokenize to html
        if (stream.eol() && state.tokenize == ruby) {
          stream.backUp(1);
          var ch = stream.peek();
          stream.next();
          if (ch && ch != ",") {
       else if (style == "closeAttributeTag") {
          style = null;
        }
        return style;
      }
    };
  }, "htmlmixed", "ruby");

  CodeMirror.defineMIME("text/x-haml", "haml");
});


Q:

Post Redirect Get best practice in case state not saved

Its known that PRG pattern should be followed for the POST requests which saves the state.
But when some business validation fails and decided not to save state as part of the POST request, do we need to follow the PRG or just return the view (in case of ASP.NET MVC)
What is the best practice regarding this.
Thanks

A:

If validation fails, simply redisplay the same view. If validation succeeds you modify some state on the server and perform a redirect.

     DFSConfigKeys.DFS_DATANODE_DATA_DIR_KEY, GenericTestUtils.getTestDir(
            "dfs" + File.separator + "data").toURI().toString());
    conf.set(
        DFSConfigKeys.DFS_NAMENODE_NAME_DIR_KEY, GenericTestUtils.getTestDir(
            "dfs" + File.separator + "name").toURI().toString());
    upgrade.upgradeAndVerify(new MiniDFSCluster.Builder(conf).numDataNodes(1)
    .manageDataDfsDirs(false).manageNameDfsDirs(false), null);
  }

  /**
   * Test upgrade from block ID-based layout 256x256 (-56) to block ID-based
   * layout 32x32 (-57)
   */
  @Test
  public void testUpgradeFrom256To32Layout() throws IOException {
    TestDFSUpgradeFromImage upgrade = new TestDFSUpgradeFromImage();
    upgrade.unpackStorage(HADOOP_56_DN_LAYOUT, HADOOP_56_DN_LAYOUT_TXT);
    Configuration conf = new Configuration(TestDFSUpgradeFromImage.upgradeConf);
    conf.set(


- an amount that is $1,600 below the national average. Coupled with a decade of declining enrollment, school districts have less money available each year for classroom instruction - distinct from funds that support construction or technology purchases - and more than 80 percent of which is spent on salaries, which continue to rise year after year.

Additionally, the state changed its requirements this year for districts operating a cash reserve levy - a funding source that has helped fill the gap between general-fund revenue and expenditures in past years, but is not available to the Carroll district this year.

Last week, the board eliminated the equivalent of 11 full-time positions in the district, cutting $650,000 from next year's budget. However, during the same meeting, it approved roughly $500,000 inalways kept Techdirt open and available to anyone. But in order to continue doing so, we need your support. We offer a variety of ways for our readers to support us, from direct donations to special subscriptions and cool merchandise — and every little bit helps. Thank you.

–The Techdirt Team

About a year and a half ago, an executive at Disney-owned ABC-TV talked about how the network was experimenting with ways to block people from fast forwarding through commercials. The exec in question even claimed that commercial-skipping wasn't even a very important feature for most DVR-owners. Despite the widespread criticism of this statement, it appears that ABC is now preparing to test that theory. In association with cable company Cox, it's testing a new video-on-demand feature that won't let


takes away a key feature will "slow down" the "explosive growth of DVRs." You don't compete by offering a worse product. You compete by offering a better product. Taking away one of the key selling points of a product is not exactly a major selling point.

Filed Under: commercials, dvrs, fast forward

Companies: abc, coxTHF solutions could be stored for over a week without significant decomposition, even under aerobic conditions. Solid **2** can be heated at *ca.* 70--110 °C for several hours without noticeable degradation. However, at these temperatures, the overall concentration of radicals in the sample, estimated using ESR, is seen to increase irreversibly, indicating a very slow, thermally activated transformation of **2**. The onset of decomposition is additionally marked by the appearance of hyperfine structure in the ESR signal, which is particularly well resolved for solution samples. Line shape simulations suggest that this signal may correspond to a monoradical (or a family of structurally related species) formed by addition to one of the quinomethane carbons of **2** (ESI[†](#fn1){ref-type="fn"}). Formation of doublet radicals *via* addition to sp^2^ centers in biradicals was


^1^H NMR spectrum of **7** is poorly defined but could be used to confirm the presence of saturated C(H)Mes moieties analogous to those in **6** (Fig. S4[†](#fn1){ref-type="fn"}). This structural feature, and the concurrent formation of **6** indicate that considerable scrambling of hydrogens occurs in the above thermally induced transformation.

![Thermally induced oligomerization of **2**. Reagents and conditions: (a) argon, pressure tube, 240 °C, 14 h.](c9sc00170k-s4){#sch4}

The oligomeric nature of **7** was inferred from ^1^H DOSY maps and mass spectrometry (Fig. S6, S7 and S32[†](#fn1){ref-type="fn"}). Oligomer sizes of up to *n* = 15 were detectable in linear-mode MALDI analyses. High-resolution mass spectra of the lower oligomers (*n* ≤ 6) revealed a complex *m*/*z* pattern, which corresponded to a mixture of singly charged molecular ions with the general formula \[(C~46~H~36~)~*n*~ -- *x*H    resultPoint.y = getYForTooTip(mToolTip.mGravity, toolTipMeasuredHeight, targetViewY, adjustment);

            // add view to parent
//            ((ViewGroup) mActivity.getWindow().getDecorView().findViewById(android.R.id.content)).addView(tooltipBinding, layoutParams);
            parent.addView(getToolTip(), layoutParams);

            // 1. width < screen check
            if (toolTipMeasuredWidth > parent.getWidth()) {
                getToolTip().getLayoutParams().width = parent.getWidth();
                toolTipMeasuredWidth = parent.getWidth();


toolTipMeasuredWidth;
            if (tempRightX > parent.getWidth()) {
                getToolTip().getLayoutParams().width = parent.getWidth() - resultPoint.x; //since point.x is negative, use plus
            }

            // pass toolTip onClickListener into toolTipViewGroup
            if (mToolTip.mOnClickListener != null) {
                getToolTip().setOnClickListener(mToolTip.mOnClickListener);
            }

            //center
            if (((gravity & Gravity.LEFT) == Gravity.LEFT) || ((gravity & Gravity.RIGHT) == Gravity.RIGHT)) {
                y = targetViewY + mHighlightedView.getHeight() / 2 - (int) adjustment;
            } else {
                y = targetViewY + mHighlightedView.getHeight() / 2 + (int) adjustment;
            }
        }
        return y;
    }

    private FloatingActionButton setupAndAddFABToFrameLayout(final


homebrew and it was great. I don't know if he ever did a stout, but he did make some nice nut brown ale's. So does the beer do more on this cake than just add flavor? Does the hoppiness or yeast add any texture to the cake? I'm always curious about that. The buttercream sounds good with the stout beer and the chocolate undertones.

My daughter is in food sciences at university and heading to be a dietician. She has even began her own blog which is in its infancy.I do like beer in cooking s it makes a hearty gravy but I have never tried it in sweets.

Hey! I started out majoring in Food Science before I decided to head toward teaching. It's in my bones. And thisINTRODUCTION
============

Among the traditional surgical approaches for maxillofacial bone reconstruction, autologous bone grafting is the most widely used.^[@R1]^ However, autologous bone grafting requires harvesting bone from an unaffected area and inevitably causes donor-site morbidity.^[@R2]--[@R5]^

The emergence of 3-dimensional (3D) printing has helped overcome challenges related to obtaining and shaping the graft or implant. In fact, there have been various attempts to fabricate customized medical artificial implants using 3D printing technology.^[@R6],[@R7]^ However, most implantable materials used thus far are not biodegradable, which substantially increases the risk of inflammation, infection, and even implant protrusion.^[@R8],[@R9]^ To address these limitations, current efforts aim to facilitate regeneration or reconstruction of the defect area using 3D-printed scaffolds made of biodegradable and clinically safe polymers. Recently, 3D-printed, patient-tailored splints made of the biocompatible and biodegradable polymer polycaprolactone


as tissue-regeneration scaffolds, fully customized scaffolds made of medical-grade PCL (Evonik Industries, Essen, Germany) were fabricated using the in-house 3D printer.^[@R12],[@R13]^ This process was performed in a facility with Good Manufacturing Practice certification (T&R Biofab Co. Ltd., Seoul, Korea) approved by the MFDS of Korea.

Surgical Procedures
-------------------

The PCL scaffold customized for each patient was inserted under general anesthesia. The maxillary defect was exposed through a simple incision. The implant was inserted, and the incision was closed without using an additional flap or tissue transfer (**see video, Supplemental Digital Content 2**, which demonstrates the surgical process for Patient 3. This video is available in the "Related Videos" section at PRSGlobalOpen.com or at <http://links.lww.com/PRSGO/A907>).

![See video, Supplemental Digital Content 2, which demonstrates the surgical process of patient 3. This video is availablein the "Related Videos" section at PRSGlobalOpen.com or at <http://links.lww.com/PRSGO/A907>.](gox-6-e1975-g002){#V1}

CT Image Analysis
-----------------

The follow-up CT data were converted into 2D- or 3D-reconstructed images. The pre- and postoperative 3D images were overlapped to analyze the increase in soft-tissue volume after surgery.

Statistical Analysis
--------------------

The difference between mean values was evaluated using Student's *t* test, in which a *P* value \< 0.01 was considered to indicate significance.

RESULTS
=======

Clinical Outcomes
-----------------

The implanted scaffolds were well maintained during follow-up, without the occurrence of any complications, such as wound dehiscence or infection. Eye height with an acceptable degree of symmetry (compared with that noted preoperatively) was maintained throughout the follow-up period (Fig. [1](#F1){ref-type="fig"}B). The presence of neo-tissue ingrowth can be seen in **Supplemental Digital Content 3** (**see figure, Supplemental Digital Content 3**, which shows examples of the surgical


of, a non-existent consumables bud get, no animals and probably no students either, Hayaishi has pointed out \[[@CR2]\] that his options were somewhat limited. By necessity, he went outside and, literally, dug up some muck and mixed it with his compound. From there he was able to demonstrate that certain microorganisms in soil can grow using tryptophan, and what followed was a series of four consecutive papers all looking at enzymatic incorporation of O~2~ into a substrate \[[@CR7], [@CR11]--[@CR13]\]. One of these, Fig. [3](#Fig3){ref-type="fig"} \[[@CR11]\], concerned itself with the oxidation of tryptophan and examined the conversion of tryptophan to *N*-formylkynurenine (NFK) in *Pseudomonas* extracts using mass spectrometry, Scheme [1](#Sch1){ref-type="fig"}. It was the first demonstration that "...both atoms of oxygen incorporated in the oxidative step are derived from oxygen gas butso far \[[@CR80]\]. It has been suggested from spectroscopic work that the heme sites in (tetrameric) TDO may not be equivalent \[[@CR81]\]. The recent structure of human TDO in complex with both O~2~ and [l]{.smallcaps}-Trp \[[@CR82]\] is another step forward, and allows the first reliable visualisation of the binding orientation in the ternary complex.

There is evidence, at least in IDO, that the active site and other regions of protein structure that are not visible in the X-ray maps are conformationally mobile and that this might affect reactivity \[[@CR83]\]; similar flexibility is known to be important in the P450~cam~ system (see for example \[[@CR84]--[@CR86]\]).

Mechanism {#Sec8}
---------

Techniques other than crystallography have been needed to make progress on mechanism, and there is much work to do yet before the mechanism is fully


also evidence \[[@CR118]\] that IDO can exhibit indole peroxygenase activity (i.e. a peroxide-dependent insertion of oxygen into indole), similar to the well-known peroxide shunt of the P450s

Substrate binding and catalysis {#Sec9}
-------------------------------

It had been noted from very early on \[[@CR17], [@CR104]\] that the rate of tryptophan turnover in IDO decreases at high concentrations of substrate. This was originally proposed \[[@CR104]\] to be a consequence of substrate binding to the ferric form of the enzyme, but this is not consistent with the known \[[@CR51], [@CR105]\] increase in reduction potential on substrate binding and has therefore been questioned \[[@CR106]\]. Some evidence suggests that the sequence of binding of O~2~ and the substrate at high and low substrate concentrations is important \[[@CR106]--[@CR108]\], possibly linked to changes in the reduction potential on substrateThe Kansas City Chiefs lost their last two games last year, including a horrendous performance in the wild card contest. No one cares about the pre-season, particularly this year when the lockout upended everyone's schedule, but the Chiefs did manage to lose all four...


and transported him to the county law

enforcement center.     The deputy read the implied consent advisory, gave

Rosedale the opportunity to contact an attorney or family member, and requested

a breath specimen for the Datamaster. Rosedale refused to submit to chemical

testing.

       The jury was shown the video from Deputy Stahl’s squad car, as well as

the video from the booking process. Deputy Stahl then testified. The prosecutor

asked, “[I]s there a typical drunk driver?”    Deputy Stahl began to talk about

another traffic stop he had made and during which he conducted field sobriety
                            (ns user.fus-parse-errors
  (:require [midje.sweet :refer :all]
            [midje.test-util :refer :all]))

(unfinished f)
(defn g [n] (f n))

;; ==================                            Check expressions

(silent-fact (f 1) =>)
(note-that parse-error-found (fact-failed-with-note #"has the wrong shape"))

;; ===================                           In-fact Prerequisites

(silent-fact "Certain functions that cannot be faked are detected at parse time"
  (f) => 1
  (provided (deref cons) => 2))
(note-that parse-error-found (fact-failed-with-note #"You seem to have created a prerequisite for.*deref"))

(silent-fact "inlined functions cannot


automobile accident in Kenya in 1982 at the age of 46. Obama, Sr. attended the University of Hawaii courtesy of a scholarship arranged by Kenyan nationalist leader Tom Mboya. Obama and Dunham married in 1961, however, Obama, at the time, had a wife back in Kenya. Obama and Dunham officially divorced in 1964, the same year Dunham married Soetoro. …
tocontinue reading click here!

(The interesting explanation about Obama’s name in Muslim religious writings starts at 1:33.)

[…] is all part of the Illuminati’s plan to destroy Christianity and Islam. See: Obama’s CIA Pedigree! The Coming Grand Deception Against The Muslim And Christian World. Look at the extent Obama fulfils Muslim prophecies: Must be tall; Obama is around 6’2″ […]convenience stores in the Kansas City metropolitan area. A
combination of witness statements, line-up identifications, and business surveillance
videos linked Adams to the robberies, and he eventually confessed to the crimes. On
July 5, 2006, Adams pleaded guilty to 11 counts of robbery,2 in violation of 18 U.S.C.
§ 1951(a).

      The presentence investigation report (PSR) reflected that Adams had five prior
convictions for robbery, and provided the following information about those
convictions:

      1)     Jackson County, Missouri, Case No. CR87-4829
             On September 15, 1987, Adams robbed a Burger King in
             Grandview, Missouri, while armed with a deadly


looking for a quick solution. Thank you in advance.

A:

The tokenize() function doesn't allow you to discover what the separators were. If you need to know, you will need to use xsl:analyze-string instead. If you use the same regex as for tokenize(), this passes the "tokens" to the xsl:non-matching-substring instruction and the "separators" to the xsl:matching-substring instruction.

Catholic identity.

Sale and rebranding
Duquesne University announced in January 2010 that it would be searching for options to sell WDUQ. According to a spokesperson for the university, "Over the years, DUQ has evolved into a station that is virtually independent of the university. This could be an opportunity for Duquesne to reallocate assets for the enhancement of our educational enterprise and for the station to thrive on its own". Duquesne University decided to find a qualified buyer for WDUQ and its related frequencies. On January 14, 2011, it was announced that the university had accepted an offer from Essential Public Media, a joint venture between WYEP and Public Media Company, a subsidiary of public media proponent, brokerage and consultancy Public Radio Capital. Proceeds of the sale were to support


\param p The packet
   */
  void SetPacket (Ptr<const Packet> p)
  {
    m_packet = p;
  }
  /**
   * Get IPv4 header
   * \returns the IPv4 header
   */
  Ipv4Header GetIpv4Header () const
  {
    return m_header;
  }
  /**
   * Set IPv4 header
   * \param h the IPv4 header
   */
  void SetIpv4Header (Ipv4Header h)
  {
    m_header = h;
  }
  /**
   * Set expire time
   * \param exp The expiration time
   */
  void SetExpireTime (Time exp)
  {
    m_expire = exp + Simulator::Now ();
  }
  /**
const
  {
    return m_maxLen;
  }
  /**
   * Set maximum queue length
   * \param len The maximum queue length
   */
  void SetMaxQueueLen (uint32_t len)
  {
    m_maxLen = len;
  }
  /**
   * Get queue timeout
   * \returns the queue timeout
   */
  Time GetQueueTimeout () const
  {
    return m_queueTimeout;
  }
  /**
   * Set queue timeout
   * \param t The queue timeout
   */
  void SetQueueTimeout (Time t)
  {
    m_queueTimeout = t;
  }

private:
  /// The queue
  std::vector<QueueEntry> m_queue;
  /// Remove all expired entries
  void Purge