monetary stimulus so
essential to artistic and scientific no less than to material progress.
There were no patrons of science and literature such as the Ptolemies of
that elder Alexandrian day. There were no great libraries; no colleges
to supply opportunities and afford stimuli to the rising generation.
Worst of all, it became increasingly difficult to secure books.

This phase of the subject is often overlooked. Yet a moment's
consideration will show its importance. How should we fare to-day if no
new scientific books were being produced, and if the records of former
generations were destroyed? That is what actually happened in
Europe during the Middle Ages. At an earlier day books were made and
distributed much more abundantly than is sometimes supposed. Bookmaking
had, indeed, been an important profession in Rome, the actual makers of
books being slaves who workedchiefly made up of philosophical works,
some of which were quite unknown to the modern world until discovered
there.

But this find, interesting as it was from an archaeological stand-point,
had no very important bearing on our knowledge of the literature of
antiquity. Our chief dependence for our knowledge of that literature
must still be placed in such copies of books as were made in the
successive generations. Comparatively few of the extant manuscripts are
older than the tenth century of our era. It requires but a momentary
consideration of the conditions under which ancient books were produced
to realize how slow and difficult the process was before the invention
of printing. The taste of the book-buying public demanded a clearly
written text, and in the Middle Ages it became customary to produce a
richly ornamented text as well. The script


to which we have previously more than once referred.
The acknowledged centres of civilization towards the close of the
fifteenth century were Italy and Spain. Therefore, the birthplace of
Copernicus lay almost at the confines of civilization, reminding us of
that earlier period when Greece was the centre of culture, but when the
great Greek thinkers were born in Asia Minor and in Italy.

As a young man, Copernicus made his way to Vienna to study medicine,
and subsequently he journeyed into Italy and remained there many years,
About the year 1500 he held the chair of mathematics in a college
at Rome. Subsequently he returned to his native land and passed his
remaining years there, dying at Domkerr, in Frauenburg, East Prussia, in
the year 1543.

It would appear that Copernicus conceived the idea of the heliocentric
system of theof
Kepler brought its author into no direct conflict with the authorities.
But the result was quite different when, in 1632, Galileo at last broke
silence and gave the world, under cover of the form of dialogue, an
elaborate exposition of the Copernican theory. Galileo, it must be
explained, had previously been warned to keep silent on the subject,
hence his publication doubly offended the authorities. To be sure, he
could reply that his dialogue introduced a champion of the Ptolemaic
system to dispute with the upholder of the opposite view, and that, both
views being presented with full array of argument, the reader was left
to reach a verdict for himself, the author having nowhere pointedly
expressed an opinion. But such an argument, of course, was specious, for
no one who read the dialogue could be in doubt as


in relation to the infinite, one part is not greater than
another, if both are finite. Hence it is unallowable to say that a
hundred thousand is a larger part of an infinite number than two,
although the former is fifty thousand times greater than the latter. If,
therefore, we consider the moving bodies, we must unquestionably regard
the motion of the earth as a much simpler process than that of the
universe; if, furthermore, we direct our attention to so many other
simplifications which may be reached only by this theory, the daily
movement of the earth must appear much more probable than the motion
of the universe without the earth, for, according to Aristotle's just
axiom, 'Frustra fit per plura, quod potest fieri per p auciora' (It is
vain to expend many means where a few areremain
so until some new philosopher's stone was found to convert gold back
into iron--a much more difficult feat, it was thought. However, to be on
the safe side, the English Parliament, in 1404, saw fit to pass an act
declaring the making of gold and silver to be a felony. Nevertheless, in
1455, King Henry VI. granted permission to several "knights, citizens of
London, chemists, and monks" to find the philosopher's stone, or elixir,
that the crown might thus be enabled to pay off its debts. The monks
and ecclesiastics were supposed to be most likely to discover the secret
process, since "they were such good artists in transubstantiating bread
and wine."

In Germany the emperors Maximilian I., Rudolf II., and Frederick II.
gave considerable attention to the search, and the example they set was
followed by thousands of their


we call color; and that
this latter is the more proper acceptation of the word color will appear
hereafter. And indeed it is the light itself, which after a certain
manner, either mixed with shades or other-wise, strikes our eyes and
immediately produces that motion in the organ which gives us the color
of an object."(6)

In examining smooth and rough surfaces to determine the cause of their
color, he made use of the microscope, and pointed out the very obvious
example of the difference in color of a rough and a polished piece of
the same block of stone. He used some striking illustrations of the
effect of light and the position of the eye upon colors. "Thus the color
of plush or velvet will appear various if you stroke part of it one way
and part another, theformer will rest and the latter acquire a velocity
equal to that of the moving body.

"2. But if that other equal body be likewise in motion, and moving
in the same direction, after contact they will move with reciprocal
velocities.

"3. A body, however great, is moved by a body however small impelled
with any velocity whatsoever.

"5. The quantity of motion of two bodies may be either increased or
diminished by their shock; but the same quantity towards the same part
remains, after subtracting the quantity of the contrary motion.

"6. The sum of the products arising from multiplying the mass of any
hard body into the squares of its velocity is the same both before and
after the stroke.

"7. A hard body at rest will receive a greater quantity of motion
from another hard body, either greater or


Hanoverians mount the throne of England.
Within a decade of his death such scientific path-finders as Cavendish,
Black, and Priestley were born--men who lived on to the close of the
eighteenth century. In a full sense, then, the age of Newton bridges
the gap from that early time of scientific awakening under Kepler
and Galileo to the time which we of the twentieth century think of as
essentially modern.

THE COMPOSITION OF WHITE LIGHT

In December, 1672, Newton was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society,
and at this meeting a paper describing his invention of the refracting
telescope was read. A few days later he wrote to the secretary, making
some inquiries as to the weekly meetings of the society, and intimating
that he had an account of an interesting discovery that he wished to lay
before the society. Whenthe end of the minute under observation and the
position it would occupy had its course been tangential, as, according
to the first law of motion, it must have been had not some force
deflected it towards the earth. Measuring the deflection in
question--which is equivalent to the so-called versed sine of the
arc traversed--we have a basis for determining the strength of the
deflecting force. Newton constructed such a diagram, and, measuring the
amount of the moon's departure from a tangential rectilinear course in
one minute, determined this to be, by his calculation, thirteen feet.
Obviously, then, the force acting upon the moon is one that would cause
that body to fall towards the earth to the distance of thirteen feet
in the first minute of its fall. Would such be the force of gravitation
acting at the distance


to
scientific progress, and particularly so in botany, where obscurity,
ambiguity, or prolixity in descriptions are fatally misleading.
Linnaeus's work contains something like a thousand terms, whose meanings
and uses are carefully explained. Such an array seems at first glance
arbitrary and unnecessary, but the fact that it has remained in use
for something like two centuries is indisputable evidence of its
practicality. The descriptive language of botany, as employed by
Linnaeus, still stands as a model for all other subjects.

Closely allied to botanical terminology is the subject of botanical
nomenclature. The old method of using a number of Latin words to
describe each different plant is obviously too cumbersome, and several
attempts had been made prior to the time of Linnaeus to substitute
simpler methods. Linnaeus himself made several unsatisfactory attempts
before he finally hit upon his system of "trivialcountry” and “a country bereft of human rights and freedom”. He went the lengths of talking such rubbish that “it is a country which should disappear at an early date”.

The crucial report of the NDC of the DPRK denounced this as an intolerable challenge to the DPRK and the height of confrontation with fellow countrymen in the north.

The DPRK has never recognized south Korea as a normal sovereign state as its name the “Republic of Korea” is a copy of the name of the country that existed in the closing period of the Feudal Joson Dynasty which was on the decline being chopped to pieces at the hands of big powers because of its flunkeyism and treachery, the report said, and went on:

The puppet forces of south Korea,


regarded south Korea as *a group of puppets and colonial servants* who are steeped in dependence on outsiders and treachery to the marrow of their bones.

Stressing that the DPRK can never overlook the fact that such guys dared point an accusing finger at the DPRK, the most dignified country in the world, the crucial report continued:

It is also pitiful to see the south Korean puppet forces making a false show of power after pinning their hope on their U.S. [World Tyrant] master’s such common war hardware as assault fighters, aircraft carriers and guided missiles.

The DPRK doesn’t hide that it possesses strike means *more powerful* than all the latest war hardware noisily advertised by the U.S. [The World Tyrant].

It is a resolution already made by the DPRK to forcehistory of working in noise exposure and supra-threshold auditory impairments. It will be investigated if a history of noise exposure can be linked to the diagnosis of hidden hearing loss. Objective electrophysiological measures will be applied to investigate auditory neural firing activity. Behavioral psychoacoustic experiments will be implemented to investigate supra-threshold processing deficits. A second goal of this project is to explore the potential contribution of noise-induced neural degeneration in populations with a diagnosed high-frequency hearing loss and explore potential alternative amplification strategies for this group.


shield that reduces damage by 50%. (90)
* Cleansing Fire: Remove all conditions and break out of stun. Set enemies on fire. (30)
* Glyph of Arcane Power: All your attacks are critical hits. (45)
* Glyph of Concentration: You cannot be knocked down, stunned, chilled or launched. (??)
* Glyph of Elemental Power: Your attacks are all critical for 10 seconds. (105)
* Glyph of Elemental Storage: This allows the elementalist to store a spell of one element, for example fireball, and then use it when he/she is attuned to a different element. (105)

* Fiery Greatsword: Summon and wield a fiery greatsword. (180) ==> When summoned, the greatsword falls from the sky in a ball of fire and must be picked up by the player in order to be used. Once equipped,Comparison of computational algorithms applied on transthoracic impedance waveforms to predict head-up tilt table testing outcome.
The goal of the present study was to develop and evaluate new algorithms for the prediction of the outcome of a head-upright tilt test (HUTT). Using transthoracic impedance and its first derivative, we attempted to determine if indexes computed on these waveforms could detect a positive outcome to a 70 degrees -45min HUTT with reliable sensitivity and specificity. The methods were evaluated retrospectively in a group of 70 patients and validated prospectively in a group of 59 patients. The best detector obtained used a neural network. It compares very favorably with published results for other syncope detectors.


back to a stable height between 53 and 54 km some 15 to 25 minutes after entry. The mean stable height was 53.6 km, with a pressure of 535 mbar and a temperature of  in the middle, most active layer of the Venus three-tiered cloud system. The balloon drifted westward in the zonal wind flow with an average speed of about 66 m/s at nearly constant latitude. The probe crossed the terminator from night to day at 9:10 UT on 16 June after traversing 7400 km. The probe continued to operate in the daytime until the final transmission was received at 00:38 UT on 17 June from 7.5 S, 76.3 E after a total traverse distance of 11,100 km. It is not known how much further the balloon traveled after the finaldo without the results of such action until such a time as it can be performed by you again. It seems to me that the religion cannot function independently of others who should make themselves available to perform such actions that are wrong for you to do.
–
aliceApr 30 '12 at 1:00

@alice, indeed, the spirit of the rules described by jake's answer includes your point, but do note that there is a real distinction between "wrong for you" and objectively "wrong," even within one belief system, as explained in my answer. Also, note that unlike some other religions, Judaism does not have a goal of being practiced as such by everyone on the planet, so it has less need to "function independently."
–
Isaac MosesApr 30 '12 at 2:43

3 Answers
3

There are


many restrictions placed upon Jews on Shabbat that prevent them from doing even relatively simple things like switching on a light or heating up some food, etc.

Although biblically there is no prohibition against a non-Jew doing something for a Jew on Shabbat, to keep the spirit of Shabbat, and as a safeguard against violating it, the Sages prohibited a melacha (form of work prohibited on Shabbat) to be done by a non-Jew for a Jew on Shabbat.

However, this rabbinic prohibition is only violated if one of two things occurs:

The Jew asks the non-Jew outright to do a melacha for him. This includes a command, request, significant gesture, or even answering "yes" if the non-Jew asks, "Do you want me to do such-and-such?"

The Jew derives direct benefit from theMarch 21, 2016

“The act amounts to hurting the principles and religious values of all vegetarians and misguiding them. It is also against the rules which restaurants and hotels are mandated to follow,” said Sajjan Raj Mehta, chairman, Jain Coordination Committee.

DCP (west) Labhu Ram said that police have taken up a non-cognizable report (NCR). After investigation, court permission is needed to proceed with arrests in NCR cases.


fox, as Bob rightly points out.

However, just because his reasoning is invalid, that doesn’t mean that his conclusion is necessarily wrong, and it’s entirely possible that the animal in question was indeed a fox. Bob’s reasoning is therefore fallacious, because he displays the fallacy fallacy when he assumes that Alex’s conclusion must be wrong simply because the process that he used to reach it is flawed.

How to counter the fallacy fallacy

Once you understand what the fallacy fallacy is, it’s relatively easy to recognize that someone is using it in their argument, since this type of reasoning is generally stated in an explicit manner. Furthermore, a good sign that someone is predisposed to using this fallacy is if they constantly call out the supposed use of various logical fallacies,X contains a ‘fallacy fallacy’. Premise 3: if a proposition is supported by an argument that contains the ‘fallacy fallacy’, then it must be false. Conclusion: proposition P is false.

As you can imagine, this concept can be extended indefinitely (e.g. the fallacy-fallacy-fallacy fallacy…). Therefore, it’s important to understand that this sort of reasoning is inherently fallacious, and should be avoided entirely.

Summary and conclusions


health history, a health care provider may leave a catheter in your penis to drain your bladder overnight.
The first step in treating the patient with ED is to take a thorough sexual, medical, and psychosocial history. Questionnaires are available to assist clinicians in obtaining important patient data. (See Presentation.) Successful treatment of sexual dysfunction has been demonstrated to improve sexual intimacy and satisfaction, improve sexual aspects of quality of life, improve overall quality of life, and relieve symptoms of depression. (See Treatment.)
Vacuum constriction devices may be effective at generating and maintaining erections in many patients with erectile dysfunction and these appear to have a low incidence of side effects. As with intracavernosal injection therapy, there is a significant rate of patient dropout with these devices, and the reasonsdissociated examination of (mostly derogatively) so-called mama-blogs to the sole blaming of mothers for all evils of the world – only again masks the many facets of misogyny, more or less aptly.

The child teaches me personhood anew, reminds me of what really counts, and above everything there’s an omnipresent snugly orange-yellow giant love. That only makes me take offence more at the close-knitted confines of the mother role, at how little, in its stereotypical version, it represents me and my life.
For me, family (by choice) and parenthood is what I make of it. It’s not a rigid construct, but fluid and adaptable to the needs of everyone involved, or at least that’s the idea that lights up the path. As practiced by me, it includes friends as much


decide what gender they identify with, which sexual orientation they have or what kind of relationship they want, if they are cis or trans*, gay or lesbian is often under discussion. Within these public debates young people are portrayed as too young, too immature, too unexperienced . Some people even think that having contact with non-heterosexual people can be dangerous for young people, or thinking about it: for everyone.

The other side of the debate claims that young people are capable to decide on their identities and bodies. Kids are already raised in heteronormative structures, where the logic dictates that they are only two opposite genders that are romantically and later also sexually attracted to each other.
There is no uprise against the heterosexualisation of young kids, because it isU.S. Pat. No. 4,232,400, "Echo Control System", S. Yamamoto et al., Nov. 4, 1980, in which regression coefficient calculators and predictors are used in the generation of an echo replica. To simplify the generation of the replica and thus improve echo cancellation, this invention effects a "whitening" characteristic to the input signal.


Lucia Gallardo remembers wearing knee-high boots, tiny pencil skirts and, at times, corsets to work as a server.

They aren’t fond memories, and she’s sick of other women being required to do the same.

As legislation that would ban footwear requirements based on gender takes some initial steps in British Columbia, some in the local restaurant industry say this province needs to do more when it comes to dress-code discrimination in the workplace.

B.C. Premier Christy Clark recently expressed support for legislation that would make it illegal to require women to wear high heels on the job in her province. The private member’s bill, proposed on International Women’s Day by B. C. Green party leader Andrew Weaver, would prevent employers from setting footwear requirements based on gender. Clark called these kindsdeemed unreasonable to the job.

“I am not aware of any similar initiatives in Ontario (similar to the bill in B.C.), but the Ontario Human Rights Code should deter violations,” said Ontario Human Rights Commission chief commissioner Renu Mandhane.

Mandhane said any requirement in the workplace that holds men and women to different standards can raise issues of gender discrimination, but she is confident legislation in Ontario goes far enough to protect employees.

Not everyone feels that way.

Ivan Gedz, co-owner of Union 613, said staff at his Somerset Street restaurant, whether male or female, can wear what they like while working.

Gedz said laws regarding workplace discrimination in Ontario are mostly clear but said there is still much work to be done to enforce the rules. There are few mechanisms, apart from


Anna, I'm 6'2" and usually wear a 36" sleeve on a dress shirt. The size large (hoodie version) sleeves are plenty long for me. What helps is the elastic cuff (like the ones on the coats I wore as a kid). I could even have a longer arm and the sleeve would still work- the down part on mine bunches even so slightly. the elastic cuff also keeps the sleeve in place while moving my arms.

So I ordered a medium and ended up selling it because the torso was just too huge. I could have taken 4-6" of circumference out of it and still fit comfortably with a few layers underneath. I'm 5'10", 155 lbs, 30 waist and 37 or 38 suit. I generally wear smalls especially in“bridge” variables are referred to by both solvers. The combined simulation algorithm must ensure that the two solvers are synchronised appropriately and that conversions between continuous and discrete quantities are made.

For simulations combining molecular and electrical activity (e.g. Fig. \[neuron-kappa:fig:kappa-in-neuron\]) the membrane potential would be a continuous variable, intracellular molecules such as calmodulin and CaMKII would be stochastic variables, and the intracellular calcium in the spine would be a stochastic bridge variable.

#### Conversions

In deterministic simulations of biochemical reactions in neurons (e.g. [@BhalIyen99emer]) a molecular species or ion $S$ is represented by an intensive quantity – its concentration $[S]$; whereas in stochastic simulations it is represented by an extensive quantity – the number of molecules $|S|$ in the volume $v$ in which $S$ exists. Thus to compare the deterministic (ODE) and stochastic


$t$ to $t+\Delta t$ (Fig. \[rb-compartmental-method:fig:integration\]) is:

1.  Pass all relevant continuous variables, e.g. conductances and voltages needed to compute ${\ensuremath{I^\mathrm{chan}}}_{S,i}$ in the rule-based simulator.

2.  Run the rule-based simulator from $t$ to $t + \Delta t$.

3.  Compute the net change $\Delta S_i^\mathrm{tot}$ in the total number of each bridging species $S$ (including in any complexes) in compartment $i$ over the time step and convert each change back to a current: ${\ensuremath{I^\mathrm{chan}}}_{S,i} + {\ensuremath{I^\mathrm{pump}}}_{S,i} =-\Delta S^\mathrm{tot}_i
      z_SF/a_iN_\mathrm{A}$. For each membrane potential $V_i$, set the corresponding element of $\vec{b}(t)$ equal to $-(1/C_i)\sum_S({{\ensuremath{I^\mathrm{chan}}}_{S,i} + {\ensuremath{I^\mathrm{pump}}}_{S,i}})$ (see second term on right of Equation \[rb-compartmental-method:eq:3\]).

4.  Update the continuous variables according to the update step (\[neuron-kappa:eq:7\]).

When running the rule-based model, it will not stop precisely on the boundary ofdevelopment. The next major feature planned is making available to NEURON SpatialKappa’s capability of simulating rule-based models with voxel-based diffusion.

Appendix {#neuron-kappa:sec:method}
========

Kappa Simulation Method {#neuron-kappa:sec:kappa-integr-meth}
-----------------------

To understand the asynchronous nature of the Kappa simulation method, we first illustrate Gillespie’s direct method [@Gill77exac] by applying it to the kinetic scheme description of a calcium pump shown in Fig. \[neuron-kappa:fig:kappa-pump\]A. Here Ca represents intracellular calcium, P represents a pump molecule in the membrane, is the pump molecule bound by calcium and $k_1$ and $k_2$ are rate coefficients, which are rescaled to the variables $\gamma_1$ and $\gamma_2$ as explained in Section \[rb-compartmental-method:sec:modif-accomm-rule\]. To apply the Gillespie method to this scheme:

1.  Compute the *propensities* of the reactions $a_1 = \gamma_1
      |\ce{Ca}||\ce{P}|$ and $a_2 = \gamma_2 |\ce{Ca.P}|$

2.  The total propensity


  if( newProgress == 100 )
            Log.i("ChromClient", "WebView Id: " + webViewId + "Progress changed: " + newProgress );

    };
}

A:

Well, after poking around a bit I really never understood why the first WebView was getting loaded last, but I did come up with a solution for myself. What I did, is I loaded the first WebView that we be shown all alone. Then, in the onProgressChanged( WebView view, int newProgress) function i load the rest of the WebViews in the background.
Example code:
private class MyWebChromClient extends WebChromeClient{
private int webViewId;
public MyWebChromClient( int viewFlipperChildNum ){
    webViewId = viewFlipperChildNum;
}

public void onProgressChanged(WebView view, int newProgress) {
   the hydration of simple mono-atomic species. Scaled-particle theories identify — tentatively at first, but firmly as further information accumulates — a length separating microscopic from macroscopic descriptions of hydration structure. This establishes a radius at which microscopic and macroscopic descriptions of hydration structure can be effectively joined. Together with primitive constitutive information specific to liquid water, recognition of this joining radius provides an effective description of hydrophobic effects for meso-scale aqueous structures.

This paper traces those advances, specifically by laying out the basic view generalizing applications of scaled-particle approaches. We establish the micro-macroscopic joining length, discuss the length — analogous to the Tolman length — associated with curvature corrections of a surface area model of hydrophobic hydration free energies, and finally examine the length-scales on which *entropy convergence* of


logarithmic corrections are still of interest [@EvansR:WetcsN; @EvansR:Nonccs]. Higher order terms in the asymptotic expansion are not generally available. Such considerations motivated [@Reiss:59] to truncate Eq.  after the initial curvature correction in order to develop a tractable, physically reasonable model for the contact function.

Evaluating the $j$ = 0 term in Eq.  with the measured equation of state, and the $j$ = 1, 2 terms in the expansion by requiring the microscopic and macroscopic limits smoothly meet at $\sigma_\mathrm{WW}/2$, yields

$$\begin{aligned}
G(R) = \left\{
\begin{array}{c@{\quad}l}
\frac{1}{1-\frac{4\pi}{3}\rho_\mathrm{W} R^3}~, &  R\le \sigma_\mathrm{WW}/2 \\
\frac{p_\mathrm{sat}}{kT\rho_\mathrm{W}}~
+ \left\lbrack \frac{2+\eta}{\left(1-\eta\right)^2} -
\frac{2p_\mathrm{sat}}{kT\rho_\mathrm{W}}\right\rbrack\left(\frac{\sigma_\mathrm{WW}}{2R}\right) \\
+ \left\lbrack -
\frac{\left(1+2\eta\right)}{\left(1-\eta\right)^2}+\frac{p_\mathrm{sat}}{kT\rho_\mathrm{W}}\right\rbrack\left(\frac{\sigma_\mathrm{WW}}{2R}\right)^2~, &
R>\sigma_\mathrm{WW}/2
\end{array}
\right.
\label{spt-G}\end{aligned}$$

where $\eta$ = $\frac{\pi}{6}\rho_\mathrm{W}
\sigma_\mathrm{WW}{}^3$ is the solvent packing fraction. Integration of the contact function yields the excess chemical potential $$\begin{aligned}
\frac{\mu_\mathrm{A}^\mathrm{ex}}{kT} = \left\{
\begin{array}{c@{\quad}r}
  - \ln\left(1-\frac{4\pi}{3}\rho_\mathrm{W} R^3\right)~, &  R\le \sigma_\mathrm{WW}/24 \pi R^2\gamma_\infty + \frac{4\pi}{3}R^3 p_\mathrm{sat}
 \label{rrspt-mu}\end{gathered}$$ Rather than fitting the microscopic and macroscopic limits at a single point as in Eq. , the parameters $\delta$, $\lambda$, and the integration constant $\epsilon$ are fitted to the simulation results between $R_\mathrm{sim}$ and $R_\mathrm{macro}$. The contact correlation function is then determined by differentiation of the chemical potential \[Eq. \]. An additional benefit of fitting Eq.  to the simulation insertion probabilities is that we do not have to evaluate numerically first and second derivatives of the simulated insertion probabilities, which become more statistically uncertain with increasing cavity size.

Computational implementation
----------------------------

The computational implementation follows standard procedures for sampling molecular configurations of liquid water, and builds from the original work of [@Pohorille:90; @Pratt:92; @Pratt:93] in evaluating cavity statistics therefrom. Water configurations were generated using Monte Carlo


the SAS to determine the molecular surface tension, this tension needs to be corrected for the curvature of the molecular interface to reconcile the difference between molecular and macroscopic surface tension. Based on geometric arguments, they proposed that the radius of a water molecule is the length-scale over which this correction must be applied. In effect, their work indicates that the van der Waals surface, i.e., $\Delta R$ = $\sigma_\mathrm{WW}/2$ = 1.4 Å, provides a superior description of molecular solute hydration [@Sharp:91; @Jackson:94]. A schematic illustration of the van der Waals, solvent accessible, and curvature corrected radii of a hard sphere solute in water is given in Fig.  \[fig12\]. For a methane sized solute $\gamma\left(R=3.3\mathrm{\AA};\Delta R = 0.0
\mathrm{\AA}\right)$ = 0.300 kJ/(mol Å$^2$), 30% lower than the macroscopic value, whileimportant, entropy convergence behavior for protein [*folding*]{} thermodynamics may be primarily expressed through contributions associated with the unfolded configurations, and due to hydration of hydrophobic side chains of size corresponding to studied small molecule solutes.

Acknowledements {#acknowledements .unnumbered}
===============

This work was supported by the U. S. Department of Energy, contract E-7405-ENG-36. HSA acknowledges support from a Los Alamos Director’s Fellowship. This research has benefited from conversations with D. Asthigiri, A. E. García, S. Garde, G. Hummer, M. E. Paulaitis, and A. Pohorille. We also thank J. R. Henderson and R. Evans for their insightful remarks with respect to the wetting of interfaces.

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6mm-Minis is Maksim-Smelchak's blog to discuss gaming, miniatures, books, movies, food, Israel, Judaism, life in general and other funny crud. My favorite scale of miniatures is 6mm, which is also called 1/285 or 1/300 scale. I enjoy many different kinds of games including ancients, Napoleonics, WWI, WWII, the Arab-Israeli conflict, Car Wars AKA Autoduel (a sort of crash'n'derby automobile combat game), 6mm Godzilla AKA Kaiju games, and science fiction games. I'm open to everything though!

Sunday, October 15, 2006

HASBARA: Five Seconds of Fame With Dry Bones!

. Hi Everyone,

Just the other day ago, I had yet another five seconds of fame with Yaakov Kirschen, the creator of Dry Bones, a legendary comic strip artist who writes (...and draws) one of the most insightful (...and entertaining) strips out there today onJerry to Yaakov, and in 1973 began drawing a daily editorial strip called Dry Bones. In 2003 the toon celebrated its 30th year in The Jerusalem Post. It has been reprinted or quoted by the The NY Times, Time Magazine, The LA Times, CBS, AP, etc. Forbes Mag said about Kirschen: "In the tradition of Nast, Herblock, and Mauldin."

The actual story is a little less exciting... you see I found a typo in the strip and mentioned it to him, BUT five seconds of fame is still FIVE seconds of fame!

Yikes!Maksim-Smelchak was right!!There was a typo, now fixed.Thanx,Yaakov.

At any rate, check out Dry Bones when you get a chance... great comic!

Shalom,Maksim-Smelchak.Notes regarding photos / pictures: These are not all my images. I am using various images from around


and informed patient consent
--------------------------------------------

This retrospective cohort study was conducted in the pediatric department of Jiangmen Maternal and Child Health Hospital from August 15, 2014 to September 3, 2018. Approval was received from the institutional review board of the hospital. Patient confidentiality was strictly maintained. The review followed the guidelines set forth in the Helsinki Declaration ([@B12]). Informed consent was obtained from parents or legal guardians, as applicable. The study adhered to the laws of China regarding research.

Study population
----------------

The study population comprised patients under 18 years of age (i.e., "children" as defined by our institutional guidelines), who had experienced more than two episodes of oral AU per year and were treated on an outpatient basis with either 0.2% HA topical gel or dexamethasone topical ointment at the hospital.

Data collection
---------------

Patients\'9--18 years), gender, ulcer type, family history of RAU, body temperature, respiration rate, pulse, and systolic/diastolic blood pressure (all P\>0.05; [Table 1](#t01){ref-type="table"}).

Table 1Clinical and demographic characteristics of children with recurrent aphthous ulcers treated with dexamethasone or hyaluronic acid.CharacteristicsDexamethasoneHyaluronic acid*t* valueP valueAge (years)13.23 (4.14)12.54 (3.42)0.439\*0.822Female, n (%)30 (57.69%)34 (65.38%)0.092^+^0.420Ulcer type, n (%)Minor52 (100%)52 (100%)\--Major0 (0)0 (0)\--Herpetiform0 (0)0 (0)\--Family history, n (%)None36 (69.23%)33 (63.46%)0.388^+^0.5341st degree11 (21.15%)13 (25%)0.217^+^0.6422nd degree5 (9.62%)6 (11.54%)0.102^+^0.749Temperature (°C)36.54 (0.28)36.62 (0.27)1.263\*0.142Respiration rate (breaths/min)18.33 (1.54)18.35 (1.63)0.295\*0.624Pulse (beats/min)73.92 (6.23)73.24 (6.47)−0.783\*0.467Systolic blood pressure (mmHg)110.29 (11.03)110.62 (11.54)0.271\*0.324Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg)72.46 (7.48)72.78 (8.11)0.286\*0.472[^1]

Patients in the DX group showed a significant reduction in ulcer size by day 7 (mean: 0.96 mm^2^) compared to day 1 (mean: 5.072 mm^2^, P\<0.05; paired *t*-test). Significant pain score reduction was noted on day 7 (mean: 0.216) compared to


Lucy & Emilia picture for my new avatar, after meeting them.

Logged

Do I owe you something? I think I do.They tied our hands, but I cut through.

Stop it guys!! NO SPOILERS IN THE CONTESTANT THREADS, take it to the show thread please!

Logged

"Our fans are pretty good. They don't give away too much. Sometimes people love dropping spoilers, but our fans are good. They tend to do it in such a way that doesn't ruin it for fans who don't want to know."--Phil Keoghan

I can't help but to agree that it's by God's grace they got to survive through all the way to Leg 10 and be in the Final 5??

Leg 1: Saved by Ross and Tarryn's salvation passLeg 2: Saved by Adam and Dane's 30 minutes penalty, barely reachedthe pit-stop with only 3 minutes left for A/D penaltyLeg 3: Saved by the hairdressers inability to solve the RoadblockLeg 4: Saved by Kym and Donna completely giving up and not completing the legLeg 5 and 6: Completed the leg based on their ability, but still, if Leg 6 was not design in a way to ultimately eliminate the last place team in the previous leg anyway, they couldn't have made the final 7 so easily.Leg 7a: Managed and owned the Paris-Cuba TBC leg all on their own!Leg 7b: Drove well, despite falling really behind at the Detour and finishing in 6th. Leg 5 - 7b showed that they could be decent racers as wellLeg 8: Reached the pit-stop location even AFTER James and Sarah, but because James


and Sarah couldn't pay their cab, they got to check-in first. HECK, they even took James and Sarah cab driver to the pit-stop, if you all realize! He was so worried and even asked them "Do you have money?" Anyway, James and Sarah only had themselves to blame, they overslept, took cab back to and fro.. that's what caused them so much money.

Off-stopic to the sisters, but because Joseph and Grace took James and Sarah cabbie in Paris and agreed to pay the extra amount to whatever James and Sarah ought to have paid, they have no more money for this leg as well!

I don't think any team on the history of any version of TAR has been saved... ever... so many times... five is a record!

did Saraha decade earlier, paved with antiquities and decorative objects. Soon after his terrible accident in 1941, he’d found a quilt on McAllister Street in San Francisco depicting Philadelphia’s Independence Hall. Pearson paid $8 for it, but later found it was worth $2,000. Intrigued, he purchased more than 100 other quilts, but the whole lot turned out to be barely worth $10. What started as an obsessive determination to explain to himself how quilts that looked so similar could have widely different value evolved into a lifelong obsession. “I began studying the design, the needlework, the stitches, and became an expert,” Pearson said later. The art dealers who knew Pearson are quick to point out that his efforts at self-education were largely besides the point, for the thing he


would need most to succeed could not be taught. He had been blessed with a talent as rare and requisite to the challenge of dealing in art as his size and canniness had been to the challenge of racing horses: he had an eye.

The Treasures of Tierra Blanca

Indeed Pearson’s eye, to say nothing of the unusual fact of his knowledge of art as a jockey, made him a natural choice for The $64,000 Question. The show that made national celebrities out of ordinary Americans like Gloria Lockerman, the 12-year-old black spelling whiz from Baltimore, and Gino Prato, the opera-loving shoemaker, brought Billy Pearson to the attention of America in the span of a few short weeks in the spring of 1956. His successful appearances on The $64,000 Questionfound himself with a small, beautiful ivory sculpture of a horse and an etching dating back to the gold rush.

“I just loved listening to his stories and all his sagas, which were unbelievable,” says Shepard. “You know, finding all these amazing works of art all over the world and smuggling them out of the country, and his philandering with John. He was just an amazing man.” Shepard remarks, with not a little respect, “He actually did all the shit that people would like to believe they did, you know?” From the grave, John Huston might kid Shepard for his credulity. “Billy’s accounts of our experiences together are infinitely better than what really happened,” Huston once wrote. “They always contain a seed of truth, but sometimes I have difficulty


been made for fear that this would tamper with the evidence and therefore nullify the value of the contents. And for that reason, this single small data tablet was very valuable, and probably the reason the Source were after them right now. That, or they just really hated pirates.

Either way, Ugal went about the short process of retrieving the data from the mainframe system.

At the other end of the ship, Suul was just coming out of surgery, and it wasn't a very pleasant experience. The Destruction continued to shudder after several more shots ripped into the hull, eliminating various important parts of the ship. That never felt good to a captain. And so no one looked down on Suul when he vomited over the side of his bedBrundage [7] on T-cell dysregulation, we propose that development of immunological memory to a specific influenza strain early in life may dysregulate the immune response and thus increase the risk of death when encountering a novel and highly antigenically dissimilar strain in later life. This hypothesis is expanded to explain both the mortality peak at age 28 and the distribution around that peak in 1918. We first review current hypotheses regarding the atypical mortality pattern during the 1918 pandemic. Second, we present an analysis of mortality data gathered from historical sources and, third, we explore the immunological mechanisms that could account for the results.

Common Hypotheses The 1918 A (H1N1) Spanish flu pandemic was notable for being atypically fatal to those aged 20–40 years, a pattern widely noticed around


and thrifty phenotype hypotheses [53], [54]). Since the last trimester of gestation is important for lung maturation [55], exposure during this critical period of development may also increase adult respiratory disease mortality. Recently, Myrskylä et al. [56] found that exposure in the last trimester of pregnancy during the 1918 flu pandemic led to increased mortality risks from cardiovascular and respiratory diseases later in life. High infectious disease load during the first year of life could also cause irreversible damage to health. Two studies in England demonstrated that exposure to airborne infectious diseases at that age are associated with cough, phlegm, and impaired ventilatory function [57]. In 18th–19th century Sweden, individuals born during years of smallpox and whooping cough epidemics had an increased risk of death after age 50   });

A:

You can try to give a class to your checkboxes like
<input type="checkbox" class="cbxTest" style="float: left;" name="companies[]" value="<?php echo $company->id; ?>" id="cbtest<?php echo $company->id; ?>" />

and add your event to JQuery like that:
$(document).ready(function () {
    $(".cbxTest").click(function () {
        if (this.checked) {
            alert("Selected");
        }
    });
});

Also if you want to not trigger it on click but only when checked you can also use .check instead of .click like that
$(document).ready(function () {
    $(".cbxTest").change(function () {
        if (this.checked) {


increasing or decreasing?

Social Media

And don't get me started on counting Twitter followers and Facebook likes... given that social media is so new to some people, they really don't know how to measure success, but I would say it always comes back to the company's bottom line and finding real revenue users.

Busy Work vs Real Value

In my career, I've prayed to false gods of Web traffic and rote activity that occurs "because we've always done it this way". I've run Web campaigns that had little success, but could show that I ran the campaign as a deliverable I achieved. I've sent newsletters that few people opened, yet sent another one the following month. But where I felt the best was getting real new leads into our CRM tool (Salesforce.com)Cost analysis of percutaneous pulmonary valve replacement.
Percutaneous pulmonary valve implantation is currently being used to treat right ventricular outflow tract obstruction or insufficiency in congenital heart disease. Presumably this alternative to surgical conduit replacement may result in cost savings owing to shorter hospital stays; however, a formal cost comparison has not been undertaken. Total hospital costs of percutaneous pulmonary valve implantation were compared to costs of surgical conduit replacement. Midterm cost-savings analysis was then modeled over 5 years using initial costs and reintervention rates. Need for surgical or transcatheter reintervention was derived from published data (5-year freedom from reintervention was assumed to be 53% for percutaneous pulmonary valves and 90% for surgical conduits). Cost of Melody valve and delivery device ($30,500) was higher than the conduit cost ($8,700),


but total procedural costs were nearly identical at just less $50,000 for each procedure. When considering the increased need for reintervention in patients with Melody valves, surgical conduit revision results in moderate cost savings at 5 years after the initial procedure ($19,928 per patient). In conclusion, Melody valve implantation compares reasonably well to surgical conduit revision despite the added midterm costs, but ongoing analysis including the impact of nonsurgical options on quality-of-life measurements and improvement of reintervention rates for percutaneously placed valves needs to be considered.so they don’t attempt projects that are more suited to CONCON and CONASS.

This view of the matter preserves the definitions I’ve proposed. It gives the people maximum freedom without allowing them a wholesale revision, but the limitation on actual amendments they might propose is imposed by the reality that too complex of a proposal cannot be approved by the right numbers.

“Insufficient in form” may seem like the simplest infirmity to avoid. It would seem to be a mere FORMality. But as controversies such as these are resolved, we learn that the hardest things to see are those that are right in front of our face.

That a complete copy of the proposed amendment(s) be “shown to the people” before they sign the initiative petition IS such a formality, but


the coefficients $\alpha$
---------------------------------------

In Sec. \[sec:linear\_dcm\], a linear model for the hemodynamic response has been derived. As previously remarked, this depends on some parameters $\alpha$ that have to be estimated from data. Here we assume to have measured $N$ data-pairs $(x(k),y(k))$ related by the output equation of model , that is $$y(k) =\mathbf{C}\mathbf{x}(k) +e(k), \qquad k=1,...,N.$$ The previous equation can be rewritten as $$y(k) =\varphi(k)H\alpha +e(k), \qquad k=1,...,N$$ by defining $\mathrm{vec}(\varphi(k)):=\mathbf{x}(k)$ and observing that $\mathbf{C}\mathbf{x}(k) = \mathrm{vec}(\varphi(k)H\alpha) = \varphi(k)H\alpha$. Consequently, introducing the matrices $$\label{equ:data_mat_alpha}
Y := \begin{bmatrix}
y(1)\\ \vdots \\ y(N)
\end{bmatrix},  \quad \mathbf{H}:= \begin{bmatrix}
\varphi(1) \\ \vdots \\ \varphi(N)
\end{bmatrix}H, \quad E := \begin{bmatrix}
e(1)\\ \vdots \\ e(N)
\end{bmatrix}$$ we have the following linear regression form $$Y = \mathbf{H}\alpha + E.$$ We consider the Gaussian prior $\alpha\sim\mathcal{N}(\mu_\alpha, \Sigma_\alpha)$, where $$\mu_\alpha := [1 \ 0runs, when they are given the 21 sparsity patterns of Fig. \[fig:sparsity\_patterns\]. Median and std (within brackets) of index are reported, together with the no. of times ($\#Chosen$) each sparsity pattern is chosen according to the free-energy metric. Bold font highlights the most frequently selected models.[]{data-label="tab:friston_results_12"}

                          $ERR(\hat{A})$   $RMSE(\hat{A})$
  ---------------------- ---------------- ----------------- --
  Algorithm \[alg:em\]       4 (0.74)       0.13 (0.008)

  : Performance of Algorithm \[alg:em\] over 20 Monte-Carlo runs. Median and std (within brackets) of the metrics and are reported.[]{data-label="tab:our_alg_results"}

Conclusions and Future


Sunday, November 23, 2008

German glory from Catholic Munich...

This photo is from a book I got while still in high school entitled Statio Orbis (volume one) published in 1961. Would be great if somebody in Germany could get into all the old photo archives from the glorious 1960 Eucharistic Congress in Munich and scan all those wicked old photos for the Internet world. The future Pope was there."vincent daubry", nickname: "vdaubry"}) }

  #<OmniAuth::AuthHash credentials=#<OmniAuth::AuthHash> extra=#<OmniAuth::AuthHash> info=#<OmniAuth::AuthHash::InfoHash> provider="github" uid="498298">
  let(:auth_hash) { OmniAuth::AuthHash.new({credentials: credentials, extra: extra, info: info, provider: "github", uid: "498298"}) }

  describe "create" do
    before(:each) do
      stub_request(:get, "https://api.github.com/users/vdaubry").
        to_return(status: 200, body: "", headers: {})

      stub_request(:get, "https://api.github.com/users/vdaubry/repos?per_page=100").
        to_return(status: 200, body: "", headers: {})

      request.env['omniauth.auth'] = auth_hash
      User.any_instance.stubs(:token).returns(nil)
    end

    it "finds user from auth_hash" do


### A Note on Contributions

Whenever we have team projects, there are always concerns on unequal contributions from members of a project team. In the ideal world, we are all here to put in our best efforts and learn together. Even in that ideal world, we have different skill sets and preparations, and we will still contribute differently to a project.

Therefore, you are required to post a *contribution statement* in the root README.md of your GitHub repo. Please beware that your GitHub repo will become public and remain public after the due date of the projects.

Post your title, team members, project abstract and a contribution statement in the README.md file.  This is a common practice for research scientific journals.

Below is an example. If no contributionAll relevant data are within the paper and its Supporting Information files. Additional data is available on request from the corresponding author.

Introduction {#sec005}
============

Symptomatic cerebral neurological complications (SNC) are a major cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with infective endocarditis (IE) and may interact with the decision for surgery.\[[@pone.0158522.ref001]\] Although not recommended by previous guidelines, systematic neuroimaging procedures (NIP) such as brain MRI or CT scan to look for asymptomatic cerebral neurological complications (AsNC) are often performed in patients with IE during everyday care. The discovery of such complications may impact the surgical management of the patient. For instance, as valve surgery is indicated in patients with large vegetations persisting after one or more symptomatic or silent embolic events, \[[@pone.0158522.ref002]\] the detection of an asymptomatic small ischemic event


displayed in [Table 1](#pone.0158522.t001){ref-type="table"}. Of note, the 116 remaining patients who did not have systematic NIP had similar background characteristics than the patients without symptomatic NC ([S1 Table](#pone.0158522.s001){ref-type="supplementary-material"}).

10.1371/journal.pone.0158522.t001

###### Patient characteristics according to the absence or the presence of neurological complications (NC) either asymptomatic or symptomatic.

![](pone.0158522.t001){#pone.0158522.t001g}

                                                     No NC (NoNC) N = 148   Any NC n = 135   p1              Asymptomatic NCischemic stroke in 18 and of a very small hemorrhage in 1 patient. Among the 248 patients who had a CT scan, it was normal in 130 patients, and revealed a NC in 118 patients, of which 29 (12%) were asymptomatic. Among the 102 patients who had a MRI, it was normal in 34 patients and revealed a NC in 68 patients, of which 23 were asymptomatic (22.5%). AsNC patients had MRI more often than SNC patients (23/35, 65.7% vs 45/100, 45.0%; p = 0.03).

![Patients\' flow chart.\
IE: infective endocarditis, NIP: neuroimaging procedure, SNC: symptomatic neurological complications, AsNC: asymptomatic neurological complications, NoNC: no neurological complication.](pone.0158522.g001){#pone.0158522.g001}

As a whole, 100 patients presented with at least one symptomatic neurological complication (SNC group), 35 patients formed the AsNC group and 148 had normal


Alauzet, N. Aissa, C. Selton-Suty, B. Baehrel, R. Jaussaud, P. Nazeyrollas, C. Strady, V. Vernet, E. Cambau, X. Duval, B. Iung, P. Nataf, C. Chidiac, M. Celard, F. Delahaye, J.F. Obadia, F. Vandenesch, H. Aumaître, J.M. Frappier, V. Le Moing, E. Oziol, A. Sotto, C. Sportouch

We are indebted to Catherine Campagnac who supervised data collection and monitoring and Marie-Line Erpelding who performed all statistical analyses.

AsNC

:   asymptomatic neurological complication(s)

CT scan

:   computed tomography scanner

IE

:   infective endocarditis

MRI

:   magnetic resonance imaging

NIP

:   neuroimaging procedure

NC

:   neurological complication(s)

NoNC

:   no neurological complication

SNC

:   Symptomatic neurological complication(s)

[^1]: **Competing Interests:**The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

[^2]: Conceived and designed the experiments: CSS FA BH XD FD PT VLM CC PN VVG'pay as you go' option to pay your OU fees, which is a secure, quick and easy way to pay. Please note that The Open University works exclusively with OUSBA and is not able to offer you credit facilities from any other provider. All credit is subject to status and proof that you can afford the repayments.

You pay the OU through OUSBA in one of the following ways:

Register now, pay later – OUSBA pays your module fee direct to the OU. You then repay OUSBA interest-free and in full just before your module starts. 0% APR representative. This option could give you the extra time you may need to secure the funding to repay OUSBA.

Pay by instalments – OUSBA calculates your monthly fee and number of instalments based


to reflect current times," says Keith Fricke, principle consultant at tw-Security.

"The list of terms and technologies missing from the security rule is extensive. Terms such as social media, ransomware, internet of things, and even next-generation firewalls are conspicuously absent - and that is the tip of the iceberg," he says.

"What would happen if the OCR fines levied against breached healthcare organizations were put in escrow until the organization demonstrated it addressed weaknesses in its security program and received some of that money back? Hospitals operate on razor-thin budgets."

Many healthcare providers were financially incentivized to adopt EHRs through the HITECH Act's "meaningful use" program, he notes. "Should we be considering a framework to incentivize healthcare organizations to properly invest in cybersecurity practices? The end goal is to improve theI was also active in USY and BBYO. When I got to college I went on Birthright, but then I

Growing up and in college – what was your involvement in Jewish life? Jewish culture was a part of my life for a lot of my childhood, whether I knew it or not. I went to The Gan, Adas Israel’s pre-school, and to the DCJCC summer camp as a young child. I went to Hebrew

Rachel has a passion for connecting her peers to Israelis through Reverse Mifgash. In 2011, Rachel went on a Birthright Israel: DC Community Trip. On the trip, she made new friends, both American and Israeli. Sitting side-by-side with the Israelis, she learned more than she expected she could about the country’s culture, history and people.

The


European Union also has passed new rules restricting some of the more severe practices of confinement farming, though they don't go into effect for a few more years.

_______________________

Arlington, Va.:
I am a lawyer who would like to use my skills to strengthen protections for animals. Do you have any suggestions for ways I can help, including specific organizations that are working through the legal system to improve the situation?

Matthew Scully: Hello, Arlington. Two of the finest animal-protection groups I know of are the Humane Society of the US and Farm Sanctuary (farmsanctuary), and they, I'm sure can always use good legal minds for the cases they pursue. I assume the ASPCA also needs outside legal aid from time to time. You might start by contacting those three groups.

_______________________

Santa Monica,human consupmtion by the French and Belgians? Bob Goodlatte (R-Va.) is not allowing the bill to be voted on as he is supported by the huge meat industry. The meat industry in Tex. gets $3.00 per horse that is killed. We want the exploitation of American horses stopped and the foreign slaughter houses closed. What can we do?

Matthew Scully: Hello, fellow Phoenician!

You have named the right man: But for Rep. Goodlatte and his staff, the American Horse Slaughter Prevention Act would almost certainly have been passed into law earlier this year. The bill had something like 220 cosponsors, including conservative Republicans like Roscoe Bartlett from Maryland and Ed Whitfield from District 1 in Kentucky – thoroughbred country. (And the thoroughbred industry itself is coming around to a consensus


is that the same is true the other way around. When people are cruel or indifferent toward their fellow creatures, no matter how virtuous they might be in other respects, then something important is missing in their lives as well.

_______________________

Uniontown, Pa.:
How do get our state to provide animal police with arresting authority for animals when this state continues to do cutbacks on funding for state police and local police? We have a shortage of police officers now. This area of Pa. is very rural with minimal care or funding for animal shelters, let alone prosecution for animal abusers. Humans need to be held accountable.

Matthew Scully: It can take a lot of persuading to get local authorities to entrust private agencies with the power of arrest – although asany viewer of “Animal Precinct” knows, the trust is well placed and gives local police forces a valuable ally. The arrangement works well in your own state, too. The Pennsylvania SPCA has seven or eight branches in the commonwealth, and exercises statewide law enforcement authority. Perhaps you and other citizens in Uniontown can persuade the SPCA to extend its reach into your community.

_______________________

New York, N.Y.:
Thousands of stray dogs and cats are put down ever year. Spaying and neutering would help contain the populations. Neutering is accepted for cattle, horses and many other animals.

Why isn't spaying and neutering made into a law? Why don't we have stricter laws and fees for breeders to prevent puppy mills, preventable genetic dieses (such as deafness and hip diplasia) and unwanted animals? How


country, one of my favorite groups, Maddie’s Fund, is saving tens of thousands of lives a year. So don’t lose hope – good people are hard at work on the problem.

_______________________

Fairport, N.Y.:
I have been thinking about going to law school for animal law because I believe that changing the law is one of the most effective ways to end animal suffering. Do you agree? If not, what would be a good alternative career to maximize my impact on helping animals?

Matthew Scully: I definitely do agree. As either a private attorney or a prosecutor, there is a great deal you can accomplish, and I hope you’ll go that way. Please keep me posted – you can always drop me a line at MatthewScully.com.

_______________________

Chestnut Hill, Mass.:
I am currently reading yourthe enactment of Animal Enterprise Terrorism laws which make the act of photographing a factory farm a felony?

Matthew Scully: I'd have to look into that detail of the law -- if what you say is correct, I was unaware of it. I do know that when representatives of DOJ testified about the law before Congress, they made the essential distinction between violent groups, which the law should deal with very harshly, and the great majority of animal welfare groups that advance their cause in courts and legislatures.

_______________________

Royal Oak, Md.:
In Dominion, you state that no real change has ever occurred in our country without the participation of religious leaders. To effectively eliminate the pervasive cruelty to animals by corporate farming, what can the pastor of a church do? Does


of ${\ensuremath{\mathcal{C}}}(S)$.

Instead of looking at ${\ensuremath{\operatorname{Out}({A_\Gamma})}}$ itself, we will throughout work with its finite index subgroup ${\ensuremath{\operatorname{Out}^0(A_\Gamma)}}$, called the *pure outer automorphism group*. The group ${\ensuremath{\operatorname{Out}^0(A_\Gamma)}}$ was first defined by Charney, Crisp and Vogtmann in [@CCV:Automorphisms2dimensional] and has since become popular as it avoids certain technical difficulties coming from automorphisms of the graph $\Gamma$; if ${A_\Gamma}$ is free or free abelian, we have ${\ensuremath{\operatorname{Out}^0(A_\Gamma)}}= \nolinebreak{\ensuremath{\operatorname{Out}(A_\Gamma)}}$. From now on, let $O\coloneqq {\ensuremath{\operatorname{Out}^0(A_\Gamma)}}$.

Above, we described the building associated to ${\ensuremath{\operatorname{GL}_{n}(\mathbb{Q})}}$ in terms of flags of subspaces of $\mathbb{Q}^n$. However, one can also describe the building associated to a group $G$ with BN-pair in a more intrinsic way using the parabolic subgroups of $G$. We use this definition as an inspiration for our construction: Given $O$, we define a family of*maximal standard parabolic subgroups* ${\ensuremath{\mathcal{P}}}(O)$. Every element of ${\ensuremath{\mathcal{P}}}(O)$ is a proper, non-trivial subgroup of $O$ and defined as the stabiliser ${\operatorname{Stab}}_O(A_\Delta)$ of some special subgroup $A_\Delta\leq {A_\Gamma}$ (for the precise statement, see \[definition parabolics for RAAGs\]). The complex we consider now is the *coset complex of $O$ with respect to the family ${\ensuremath{\mathcal{P}}}(O)$*, i.e. the simplicial complex whose vertices are given by cosets $gP$, with $g\in O$ and $P\in {\ensuremath{\mathcal{P}}}(O)$, and where a collection of such cosets forms a simplex if and only if its intersection is non-empty. This complex is denoted by ${\ensuremath{\operatorname{CC}( O ,\, {\ensuremath{\mathcal{P}}}(O))}}$ and $O$ acts on it by left multiplication. The main result of this paper is the following:

\[introduction homotopy type\] The coset complex ${\ensuremath{\operatorname{CC}( O ,\, {\ensuremath{\mathcal{P}}}(O))}}$ is homotopy equivalent to


about $O$ is contained in the family of subgroups ${\ensuremath{\mathcal{P}}}_m(O)$?” — as an immediate consequence of this theorem, we are able to give presentations of $O$ in terms of the parabolic subgroups (\[presentation by parabolic subgroups\]).

The main ingredient in our proof of Theorem \[introduction homotopy type\] is an inductive procedure developed by Day–Wade. In [@DW:Relativeautomorphismgroups], they show how to decompose $O$ using short exact sequences into basic building blocks which consist of free abelian groups, ${\ensuremath{\operatorname{GL}_{n}(\mathbb{Z})}}$ and so-called Fouxe-Rabinovitch groups, which are groups of certain automorphisms of free products. We refine their induction in order to get a better control on the induction steps that are needed and to get a more explicit description of the resulting base cases. An overview of this can be found in \[section${\ensuremath{\mathcal{H}}}$. (For the definitions, see \[sec SES and cosets\]; for an explicitly stated special case of Theorem \[introduction coset complexes and SES\] that we will use in this article, see \[short exact sequences\].)

Note that if two spaces $X$ and $Y$ are homotopy equivalent to wedges of spheres, then so is their join $X\ast Y$. Thus, combining Theorem \[introduction coset complexes and SES\] with the decomposition of Day–Wade, we are able to reduce the question of sphericity of ${\ensuremath{\operatorname{CC}( O ,\, {\ensuremath{\mathcal{P}}}(O))}}$ to the cases where $O$ is either isomorphic to ${\ensuremath{\operatorname{GL}_{n}(\mathbb{Z})}}$ or a Fouxe-Rabinovitch group. In the former case, sphericity follows from the Solomon–Tits Theorem (\[building and coset complex\]). In the latter case, we are lead to study relative versions of free factor complexes; we show that they


be the fibre of $K$ with respect to $f$. By \[Quillen fibre lemma contractibility\], it suffices to show that $F$ is contractible.

If $K\in {\ensuremath{\operatorname{CP}( G/N ,\, {\mkern 2mu\overline{\mkern-2mu{\ensuremath{\mathcal{H}}}\mkern-2mu}\mkern 2mu})}}$, this is clear: Write $K=\bar{g}{\mkern 2mu\overline{\mkern-2muH\mkern-2mu}\mkern 2mu}$ such that $g \in G, \, H\in {\ensuremath{\mathcal{H}}}_N$. As $N$ divides ${\ensuremath{\mathcal{H}}}$, the subgroup $HN$ is contained in ${\ensuremath{\mathcal{H}}}$ and $g\cdot HN$ is the unique maximal element of $F$. This immediately implies contractibility of $F$.

Now assume $K\in C^N$. Using the natural action of $G$ on these posets, we can assume that $K \in {\ensuremath{\mathcal{H}}}^N$. By definition of the join, the fibre $F$ can be written as $$F=C_N \cup C_{\leq K}.$$ The intersection $C'\coloneqq C_N\cap C_{\leq K}$ is equal to $(C_N)_{\leq K}$, i.e. it is given by all cosets $gH\subseteq K$ such thatneed for this article is the following special case of the Solomon–Tits Theorem:

\[Solomon-Tits\] The building associated to ${\ensuremath{\operatorname{GL}_{n}(\mathbb Q)}}$ is homotopy equivalent to a wedge of $(n-2)$-spheres.

It is well-known that this building can equivalently be described as the coset complex of ${\ensuremath{\operatorname{GL}_{n}(\mathbb Q)}}$ with respect to the family of maximal standard parabolic subgroups. We will now show that it can also be described as a coset complex of ${\ensuremath{\operatorname{GL}_{n}(\mathbb Z)}} = {\ensuremath{\operatorname{Out}(\mathbb{Z}^n)}}$, an outer automorphism group of a RAAG.

A subgroup $A\leq \mathbb{Z}^n$ is called a *direct summand* if there is $B\leq \mathbb{Z}^n$ such that $\mathbb{Z}^n = A \oplus B$. We say that a direct summand $A$ is *proper* if it is neither trivial nor equal to $\mathbb{Z}^n$. Let ${\ensuremath{\mathcal{Z}}}$ be the poset of all proper direct summands of


we can apply induction.

If on the other hand $e$ is not a separating edge, $G-e$ is a connected graph having the same number of vertices as $G$ and one edge less. This implies that $rk(\pi_1(G-e))={n}-1$. Collapsing edges adjacent to valence-one vertices and using Lemma \[lemma valence-1 homotopies\], we see that ${\operatorname{X}}(G-e, l)\simeq {\operatorname{X}}(G',l)$ where $G'$ has the same rank as $G-e$, at most as many edges and such that every vertex in $G'$ has valence at least two. Hence, ${\operatorname{X}}(G-e,l)\simeq {\operatorname{X}}(G',l)$ is by induction homotopy equivalent to a wedge of $({n}-3)$-spheres.

${\ensuremath{\left\lVert {\operatorname{X}}(G,l)\right\rVert}}$ is obtained from ${\ensuremath{\left\lVert {\operatorname{X}}(G,l){\ensuremath{\setminus}}{\ensuremath{ \left\lbrace G-e \right\rbrace}}\right\rVert}}$ by attaching the star of $G-\nolinebreak e$ along its link. The link of $G-e$ in ${\ensuremath{\left\lVert {\operatorname{X}}(G,l)\right\rVert}}$ is isomorphic to ${\ensuremath{\left\lVert {\operatorname{X}}(G-e,l)\right\rVert}}$ and its star is contractible. Gluingis contained in $B_2$.

Let ${\mathcal{F}}= {\ensuremath{\mathcal{F}}}(A;{\ensuremath{\mathcal{A}}})$ denote the poset of all conjugacy classes of proper free factors $B\subset A$ such that there is a free factor $B'$ of $A$ with $[A_i] \leq [B']$ for all $i$ and $B'$ is a proper subgroup of $B$. (In particular, $[A_1 \ast \cdots \ast A_k]\not \in {\mathcal{F}}$.) We call the order complex of ${\mathcal{F}}$ the *free factor complex of $A$ relative to ${\ensuremath{\mathcal{A}}}$*. It carries a natural, simplicial action of $O$.

If $k=0$, the poset ${\mathcal{F}}$ consists of *all* conjugacy classes of proper free factors of $F_n$, so we recover the free factor complex of $F_n$. More generally, the free factor complex of $A$ relative to ${\ensuremath{\mathcal{A}}}$ is a subcomplex of the *complex of free factor systems of $A$ relative to ${\ensuremath{\mathcal{A}}}$* as


for every chain $[B_0] \leq \ldots \leq  [B_l]$ with $[B_i] \in {\mathcal{F}}$, the poset $X([B_0], \ldots , [B_l] : A)$ consisting of all $S\in {\mathcal{FS}^1}$ with ${\ensuremath{\mathcal{V}}}(S) = [B_i]$ for some $i$, is contractible.

To see this, first consider the poset $X({\ensuremath{\mathcal{A}}}: [B])$ consisting of all $G\in L$ such that $H\coloneqq [B]|G$ is a subgraph of $G$. As explained in \[subgraphs as elements of relative Outer space\], $H$ can be seen as an element of $L(B,{\ensuremath{\mathcal{A}}}')$, where ${\ensuremath{\mathcal{A}}}' = {\ensuremath{ \left\lbrace A_1^{x_1} , \ldots , A_k^{x_k} \right\rbrace}}$. This allows us to define a poset map $$\Psi \colon X({\ensuremath{\mathcal{A}}}: [B]) \to L(A, {\ensuremath{ \left\lbrace B \right\rbrace}}) \times L(B,{\ensuremath{\mathcal{A}}}')$$ by setting $\Psi(G) \coloneqq (G/H, H)$. Using the *blow-up construction* described in [@BG:Homotopytypecomplex Lemma 5.12.1 and Lemma 5.6], one can show$P_\Delta$ denote the projection map $O\to {\ensuremath{\operatorname{Out}^0(A_\Delta)}}$. Then for every $\Theta\subset \Gamma$ one has $$P_\Delta ({\operatorname{Stab}}_O(A_{\Theta}))= {\operatorname{Stab}}_{{\operatorname{im}}P_\Delta}(A_{\Theta\cap \Delta}).$$

The stabiliser ${\operatorname{Stab}}_{O}(A_{\Theta})$ is the same as the relative automorphism group ${\ensuremath{\operatorname{Out}^0(A_\Gamma;\, {\ensuremath{\mathcal{G}}}\cup {\ensuremath{ \left\lbrace A_\Theta \right\rbrace}}, {\ensuremath{\mathcal{H}}}^t)}}$. By \[image of projection map\], the image of this group is equal to $$\label{equation stabilisers under projection maps}
P_\Delta ({\operatorname{Stab}}_O(A_{\Theta})) = {\ensuremath{\operatorname{Out}^0(A_\Delta;\, {\ensuremath{\mathcal{G}}}_\Delta\cup {\ensuremath{ \left\lbrace A_{\Theta\cap \Delta} \right\rbrace}}, {\ensuremath{\mathcal{H}}}_\Delta^t)}}.$$

On the other hand, we have ${\operatorname{im}}P_\Delta = {\ensuremath{\operatorname{Out}^0(A_\Delta;\, {\ensuremath{\mathcal{G}}}_\Delta, {\ensuremath{\mathcal{H}}}_\Delta^t)}}$, so the right hand side of \[equation stabilisers under projection maps\] is also equal to ${\operatorname{Stab}}_{{\operatorname{im}}P_\Delta}(A_{\Theta\cap \Delta})$ and the claim follows.

Restrictions to conical subgroups
---------------------------------

In this section, we define a family of special subgroups that will play an important role in our inductive arguments later on and study some properties of these special subgroups.

For a vertex


generator stabilise criterion\].

For inversions, there is nothing to show as they always stabilise every special subgroup. If we have a transvection $\rho_x^y\in O$, we must have $x\preceq y$. The set $\Gamma_{\succeq v}$ is upwards-closed with respect to $\preceq$, hence $x\in \Gamma_{\succeq v}$ implies $y\in \Gamma_{\succeq v}$. It follows that $\rho_x^y$ stabilises $A_{\succeq v}$. Given a partial conjugation $\pi_K^x\in O$, we either have $v\npreceq x$, in which case \[trivial action of partial conjugation\] implies that $\pi_K^x$ even acts trivially on $A_{\succeq v}$, or we have $x\in \Gamma_{\succeq v}$ which implies that $\pi_K^x$ stabilises $A_{\succeq v}$.

A consequence of this is that for every equivalence class $[v]_{\ensuremath{\mathcal{G}}}$ of vertices of $\Gamma$, we have a restriction map $$R_{\succeq v}= R_{A_{\succeq v}}\colon  O \to {\ensuremath{\operatorname{Out}^0(A_{\succeq v})}}.$$

\[strongly divided for ROARs\] Let $v\in V(\Gamma)$case that remains is that $x$ is greater than both $v$ and $w$, i.e. $x\in \Gamma_{\succeq v}\cap \Gamma_{\succeq w}$. As we assumed that $\Gamma_{\succeq v}\cap \Gamma_{\succeq w}\subseteq \Delta$, this implies that $x\in \Delta$, so again $\pi_K^x\in {\operatorname{Stab}}_O(A_\Delta)$.

A spherical complex for ${\ensuremath{\operatorname{Out}(A_\Gamma)}}$ {#section spherical complex for Out(RAAG)}
=====================================================================

In this section, we define maximal parabolic subgroups of ${\ensuremath{\operatorname{Out}^0(A_\Gamma)}}$ in the general case. We then prove Theorem \[introduction homotopy type\] which states that the coset complex associated to these parabolic subgroups is homotopy equivalent to a wedge of spheres.

#### Notation and standing assumptions {#notation-and-standing-assumptions}

As before, let $\Gamma$ be a graph, ${\ensuremath{\mathcal{G}}}$ and ${\ensuremath{\mathcal{H}}}$ families of special subgroups of ${A_\Gamma}$ such that ${\ensuremath{\mathcal{G}}}$ is saturated with respect to $({\ensuremath{\mathcal{G}}}, {\ensuremath{\mathcal{H}}})$, define $O\coloneqq {\ensuremath{\operatorname{Out}^0(A_\Gamma; {\ensuremath{\mathcal{G}}}, {\ensuremath{\mathcal{H}}}^t)}}$ and set $\preceq\coloneqq \leq_{\ensuremath{\mathcal{G}}}$ to be the ${\ensuremath{\mathcal{G}}}$-ordering


order in image and kernel\] together with the third hypothesis of our induction imply that for all $w\in \Theta$, either $\ker R$ acts trivially on $A_{\succeq w}$ or $\Theta_{\geq_{{\ensuremath{\mathcal{E}}}_{\ker}} w} = \Theta_{\succeq w}$. It follows that ${\ensuremath{\operatorname{CC}( \ker R ,\, {\ensuremath{\mathcal{P}}}(\ker R))}}$ satisfies the hypotheses of our induction.

Again using \[image and kernel of restriction homomorphism\], we can write $${\operatorname{im}}R = {\ensuremath{\operatorname{Out}^0(A_{\succeq w};\, {\ensuremath{\mathcal{E}}}_{{\operatorname{im}}}, {\ensuremath{\mathcal{F}}}_{{\operatorname{im}}}^t)}}$$ where ${\ensuremath{\mathcal{E}}}_{{\operatorname{im}}}$ is saturated with respect to $({\ensuremath{\mathcal{E}}}_{{\operatorname{im}}},{\ensuremath{\mathcal{F}}}_{{\operatorname{im}}})$ and the elements of ${\ensuremath{\mathcal{F}}}_{{\operatorname{im}}}$ are the special subgroups generated by the vertices of $\Delta\cap \Gamma_{\succeq w}$ for some $\Delta \in {\ensuremath{\mathcal{F}}}$. This implies that ${\ensuremath{\operatorname{CC}( {\operatorname{im}}R ,\, {\ensuremath{\mathcal{P}}}({\operatorname{im}}R))}}$ satisfies the first hypotheses of our induction. The third one is an immediate consequence of \[partial order in image and kernel\].

Now apply induction to these coset complexes.$Z \subseteq {\operatorname{lk}}(v) {\ensuremath{\setminus}}[v]_{\ensuremath{\mathcal{G}}}$. As every vertex of $\Gamma$ is greater than or equal to $v$ with respect to $\preceq$, this implies that $Z$ is a complete graph and we can write $\Gamma= \nolinebreak Z\ast\Delta$.

Using the assumption that $O$ acts trivially on $A_{{\ensuremath{ \left\lbrace w \right\rbrace}}}$ for all $w\succ v$, \[Laurence generator containment criterion\] and \[Laurence generator stabilise criterion\] imply that $O$ acts trivially on the normal subgroup $A_Z \triangleleft \nolinebreak {A_\Gamma}$. Consequently, we have a well-defined projection map $P_\Delta\colon O \to {\ensuremath{\operatorname{Out}(A_\Delta)}}$. By \[image of projection map\] the image of this map is equal to ${\ensuremath{\operatorname{Out}^0(A_\Delta;\, {\ensuremath{\mathcal{G}}}_\Delta, {\ensuremath{\mathcal{H}}}_\Delta^t)}}$.

The description of the kernel $\ker P_\Delta$ as the free abelian group $T$ generated by the transvection $\rho_x^z$ with $x\in [v]_{\ensuremath{\mathcal{G}}}$ and $z\in Z$ follows from [@CV:Finitenesspropertiesautomorphism Proposition 4.4] because


,\, {\mkern 2mu\overline{\mkern-2mu{\ensuremath{\mathcal{P}}}(O)\mkern-2mu}\mkern 2mu})}} \ast \emptyset = {\ensuremath{\operatorname{CC}( {\operatorname{im}}P_\Delta ,\, {\mkern 2mu\overline{\mkern-2mu{\ensuremath{\mathcal{P}}}(O)\mkern-2mu}\mkern 2mu})}}$$ The ordering $\leq_{{\ensuremath{\mathcal{G}}}_\Delta}$ is just the restriction of $\preceq$ to $\Delta$, so \[projection of parabolics\] implies that ${\mkern 2mu\overline{\mkern-2mu{\ensuremath{\mathcal{P}}}(O)\mkern-2mu}\mkern 2mu} = {\ensuremath{\mathcal{P}}}({\operatorname{im}}P_\Delta)$.

We now distinguish between the case where $[v]_{\ensuremath{\mathcal{G}}}$ is an abelian and the case where it is a free equivalence class.

\[coset complex of abelian equivalence class\] Assume that $\Gamma= \Gamma_{\succeq v}$ where $[v]_{{\ensuremath{\mathcal{G}}}}$ is an abelian equivalence class of size $n\coloneqq |[v]_{{\ensuremath{\mathcal{G}}}}| \geq 2$. Then the coset complex $${\ensuremath{\operatorname{CC}( O ,\, {\ensuremath{\mathcal{P}}}(O))}}$$ is homotopy equivalent to the Tits building associated to ${\ensuremath{\operatorname{GL}_{n}(\mathbb{Q})}}$.

By \[parabolics after projection map\], we have a homotopy equivalence $${\ensuremath{\operatorname{CC}( O ,\, {\ensuremath{\mathcal{P}}}(O))}} \simeq {\ensuremath{\operatorname{CC}( {\operatorname{im}}P_\Delta ,\, {\ensuremath{\mathcal{P}}}({\operatorname{im}}P_\Delta))}},$$ where $\Delta = \Gamma {\ensuremath{\setminus}}Z$ and ${\operatorname{im}}P_\Delta = {\ensuremath{\operatorname{Out}^0(A_\Delta;\, {\ensuremath{\mathcal{G}}}_\Delta, {\ensuremath{\mathcal{H}}}_\Delta^t)}}$.

By assumption, the abelianclass of size $n\geq 2$, then the image of $P_\Delta$ is given by ${\ensuremath{\operatorname{Out}(A_{[v]})}} \cong {\ensuremath{\operatorname{GL}_{n}(\mathbb{Z})}}$. If this is not the case, we proceed with Step 3.

#### Step 3

If $[v]$ is a free equivalence class, the graph $\Delta$ decomposes as a disjoint union $\Delta=[v] \sqcup \bigsqcup \Delta_i$ where each $\Delta_i$ is a relative connected component of ${\operatorname{im}}(P_\Delta)$. One can show that the $\Delta_i$ are precisely the non-empty intersections $\Delta_i \nolinebreak= (\Delta{\ensuremath{\setminus}}[v] ) \cap \Gamma_i$ where $\Gamma_i$ is a connected component of $\Gamma{\ensuremath{\setminus}}{\operatorname{lk}}(v)$. We now iteratively apply the restriction maps $R_{\Delta_i}$. This yields two kinds of base cases: The first one is given by the intersection of the kernels of all the $R_{\Delta_i}$ and can be described as the Fouxe-Rabinovitch group ${\ensuremath{\operatorname{Out}(A_\Delta, {\ensuremath{ \left\lbrace A_{\Delta_i} \right\rbrace}}_i^t)}}$. The second one


let $\Gamma\coloneqq \Gamma_1 \ast \Gamma_2$ be their join. On the level of RAAGs, this means that $A_{\Gamma}=A_{\Gamma_1}\times A_{\Gamma_2}$. Let $\leq , \leq_1\nolinebreak, \leq_2$ be the standard orderings and $[\cdot], [\cdot]_1, [\cdot]_2$ the corresponding equivalence classes of $\Gamma, \Gamma_1, \Gamma_2$, respectively. Let $Z,Z_1, Z_2$ be the (possibly trivial) subgraphs of $\Gamma, \Gamma_1, \Gamma_2$ consisting of all vertices that are adjacent to every vertex of the corresponding graph; clearly, $Z=Z_1\ast Z_2$. It is easy to see that for $v_i\in \Gamma_i$, one has $$\begin{aligned}
[v_i]=  \begin{cases}
            Z &, v_i\in Z_i;\\
            [v_i]_i &, v_i\not\in Z_i;
        \end{cases}
&& \text{ and } &&
\Gamma_{\geq v_i} = (\Gamma_i)_{\geq_ito well-suited families of parabolic subgroups in all those “components” of ${\ensuremath{\operatorname{Out}^0(A_\Gamma)}}$ that closely resemble general linear groups and automorphism groups of free groups; i.e. the base cases that are given by ${\ensuremath{\operatorname{GL}_{n}(\mathbb{Z})}}$, $n\geq 2$, and Fouxe-Rabinovitch groups containing transvections (\[item base case GLn\] and \[item FR with transvections\] in \[section summary inductive procedure\]).

However, our construction is rather transvection-based in the sense that the standard ordering of $V(\Gamma)$ — which in turn is used to define the parabolic subgroups — is entirely determined by the transvections that ${\ensuremath{\operatorname{Out}({A_\Gamma})}}$ contains. This makes our definition of parabolic subgroups quite *local*: Whether or not we have $v\leq w$ can be read off from the one-balls around these vertices. This is also reflected by the fact that the conical subgraphs $\Gamma_{\geq v}$,


ctx.errDrain()
		log.Printf("gl.TexSubImage2D(%v, %v, %v, %v, %v, %v, %v, %v, len(%d)) %v", target, level, x, y, width, height, format, ty, len(data), errstr)
	}()
	ctx.enqueueDebug(call{
		args: fnargs{
			fn: glfnTexSubImage2D,

			a0: target.c(),
			a1: uintptr(level),
			a2: uintptr(x),
			a3: uintptr(y),
			a4: uintptr(width),
			a5: uintptr(height),
			a6: format.c(),
			a7: ty.c(),
		},
		parg:     unsafe.Pointer(&data[0]),
		blocking: true,
	})
}

func (ctx *context) TexParameterf(target, pname Enum, param float32) {
	defer func() {
		errstr := ctx.errDrain()
		log.Printf("gl.TexParameterf(%v, %v, %v) %v", target, pname, param, errstr)
	}()
	ctx.enqueueDebug(call{
		args: fnargs{
			fn: glfnTexParameterf,
			a0: target.c(),
			a1: pname.c(),
			a2: uintptr(math.Float32bits(param)),
		},
		blocking: true})
}

func (ctx *context) TexParameterfv(target, pname Enum, params []float32) {
	defer func() {
		errstr := ctx.errDrain()
		log.Printf("gl.TexParameterfv(%v, %v, len(%d)) %v", target, pname, len(params), errstr)
	}()
	ctx.enqueueDebug(call{
		args: fnargs{
			fn: glfnTexParameterfv,
			a0: target.c(),
			a1: pname.c(),
		},
		parg:     unsafe.Pointer(&params[0]),
		blocking: true,
	})
}

func (ctx *context) TexParameteri(target, pname Enum, param int) {
	defer func() {
		errstr := ctx.errDrain()
		log.Printf("gl.TexParameteri(%v, %v, %v) %v", target, pname, param, errstr)
	}()
	ctx.enqueueDebug(call{
		args: fnargs{
			fn: glfnTexParameteri,
			a0: target.c(),
			a1: pname.c(),
			a2: uintptr(param),
		},
		blocking: true})
}

func (ctx *context) TexParameteriv(target, pname Enum, params []int32) {
	defer func() {
		errstr := ctx.errDrain()
		log.Printf("gl.TexParameteriv(%v, %v,infarct-related epicardial artery was assessed by TIMI flow grade.[@B17]

Statistical analyses
--------------------

Continuous variables were expressed as mean±standard deviation (SD) and were compared using the unpaired t-test. Categorical variables were expressed as the frequency and were compared using Fisher\'s exact or Chi-square tests. To identify the independent factors that could predict incomplete STR, multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed for the following parameters: hypertension, duration of the chest pain, location of myocardial infarction, Killip Class, ischemia grade on ECG at the admission, initial level of troponine I and brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) and TIMI flow grade before PCI.

Statistical analysis was performed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS)-PC 12.0 (SPSS, Chicago, IL, USA). A value of p\<0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results
=======

Clinical factors
----------------

Between the two groups, there were no significant differences


led to a severe cash crunch, forcing millions of people to line up at banks and ATM kiosks for more than a month. Cash withdrawals have been restricted, but most banks are unable to provide even that. The Opposition’s protests over the demonetisation move have washed out the winter session of Parliament.

The Reserve Bank of India Act, 1934, empowers the Union government to demonetise any series of banknotes. The government, however, cannot take this decision on its own, but only on the recommendation of the RBI’s central board.

In response to a right to information request, which Hindustan Times has sought, the RBI said the bank’s central board of directors made the recommendation at its meeting in New Delhi on November 8. Only eight of the 10 board membersrat gastric mucosa. In addition, in normal rat gastric mucosa, PTEN, total Akt and FoxO1 were found mainly in the cell cytoplasm of fundic glands in the lamina propria close to the muscularis mucosa. In addition, strong staining of IGF-1, FoxO3a and FoxO4 in the gastric mucosa was primarily concentrated in the cell cytoplasm of the fundic glands in whole lamina propria. However, in rat gastric ulcers, IGF-1, total Akt, FoxO3a and FoxO4 were localized in proximity to the base of the ulcer margin and were also present in the granulation tissues of the gastric ulcers. Moreover, in the rat gastric ulcers, the mRNA transcript levels of IGF-1, PTEN, Akt-1, Akt-2, FoxO3 and FoxO4 were upregulated in the gastric ulcer margin, with a peak between Days 4 and


// ES5 ISO 8601 dates:
  //   [('-'|'+')yy]yyyy[-MM[-DD]][THH:mm[:ss[.sss]][Z|(+|-)hh:mm]]
  //   where yyyy is in the range 0000..9999 and
  //         +/-yyyyyy is in the range -999999..+999999 -
  //           but -000000 is invalid (year zero must be positive),
  //         MM is in the range 01..12,
  //         DD is in the range 01..31,
  //         MM and DD defaults to 01 if missing,,
  //         HH is generally in the range 00..23, but   time.AddFinal(n);
        // Require end, white space, "Z", "+" or "-" immediately after
        // finalizing time.
        DateToken peek = scanner.Peek();
        if (!peek.IsEndOfInput() &&
            !peek.IsWhiteSpace() &&
            !peek.IsKeywordZ() &&
            !peek.IsAsciiSign()) return false;
      } else {
        if (!day.Add(n)) return false;
        scanner.SkipSymbol('-');
      }


return scanner->Next();
    day->Add(scanner->Next().number());
    if (scanner->SkipSymbol('-')) {
      if (!scanner->Peek().IsFixedLengthNumber(2) ||
          !DayComposer::IsDay(scanner->Peek().number())) return scanner->Next();
      day->Add(scanner->Next().number());
    }
  }
  // Check for optional time string: 'T'HH':'mm[':'ss['.'sss]]Z
  if (!scanner->Peek().IsKeywordType(TIME_SEPARATOR)) {
    if (!scanner->Peek().IsEndOfInput()) return scanner->Next();
  } else {
    // ES5 Date Time String time part is present.
    scanner->Next();
    if (!scanner->Peek().IsFixedLengthNumber(2) ||
        !Between(scanner->Peek().number(), 0, 24)) {
      return DateToken::Invalid();
    }
    // Allow 24:00[:00[.000]], but no other time starting with 24.
    boolto insist on all the rights it might have, such a result would be unusual and extreme. The record shows a case to which the Act of 1908 did not apply, Winfree v. Northern Pacific Ry., 227 U.S. 296, and which the earlier Act of 1906 probably could not affect. Employers' Liability Cases, 207 U.S. 463, 489. It also shows that the action was brought too late, and that the defendant insisted upon that point, although it had not pleaded what was apparent on the allegations of the declaration and the admissions of the answer.
*201 In dealing with the enactments of a paramount authority, such as Congress is, within its sphere, over the States, we are not to be curious in nomenclature if Congress has made its will


duty. Detectives perhaps? One officer in particular seemed to be at the focus of the managers complaint.She was female.

It is cold this time of year in Illinois. So we could assume that that the officers had doffed their jackets and exposed their handguns.

We do understand that a lot of women find waistband concealed carry awkward. Could this lady have have been carrying with a shoulder carry? Were customers uncomfortable because they were staring down the business end of a .40 cal Glock?

There was a thread here a while ago where some forum members were uncomfortable because they at a barbeque joint and they found themselves looking down the barrel of Border Patrol Officers handgun While the officers having lunch. The poster understood he was not in any particularsplits the video signal, and one copy is shown to the experimental subject, and the other is viewed on a separate monitor by the experimenter. However, the two displays have slightly different CLUTs, allowing the experimenter's display (but not the subject's) to also animate the online eye position, target windows, and other semantics. This is accomplished by setting the corresponding CLUT entries for the subject to be the same as the background color, and also by drawing the experimenter-specific elements first, and letting the "real" stimuli be drawn over them. This ensures that the actual stimulus never shows the experimenter-specific elements, nor is ever occluded by the experimenter elements. Furthermore, this trick is computationally efficient: the Macintosh simply generates one copy of the stimulus (including experimenter-view elements), and


this difference can be treated as negligible. However, the Datapixx peripheral's clock ran 0.015% faster, a difference that is much larger than between the other two clocks. So, in the course of a typical 3--4 h experiment, the timing between the two systems could be as much as 2--3 s. For this reason, special care was taken to measure both neural and behavioral information from a clock register at the start of each trial (for each respective clock). In doing so, the timing differences between the Datapixx and the MAP processor are minimized to a mean of 0.134 ms, with a SD of 2 ms and an upper limit of 1 ms. Of course this variability is dependent upon each trial running an average of 7.75 s (SD = 3.1 s) with longer trials assumed to createeither on an experimental subject's behavior, or on ongoing neurophysiological measures. Several other systems are available in this line of work, and here we briefly describe the relation of PLDAPS to these other valuable resources.

Historically, one of the most prevalent systems for awake, behaving neurophysiology is the REX system (Hays et al., [@B3]). Prior to developing PLDAPS, this was our lab's primary system. REX involves a PC running the QNX operating system, executing a set of integrated c-code that controls the experimental state logic. The PC also relies on A/D and DIO cards to allow it to record co-registered spike times, and to interrogate the eye position on-the-fly. It then commands a "slave" Macintosh computer, whose sole responsibility is stimulus presentation. The REX system is remarkable in having


code "runs fast" is their responsibility. It is certainly possible that large amounts of on-the-fly computational demands on the Mac can cause critical loops to be delayed relative to intended event timings. We advise performing standard timing checks (e.g., recording elapsed times between key events, checking for missed video frames) when developing new experiments using the PLDAPS tools.

Possible extensions
-------------------

A major benefit to building a system out of popular and well-maintained components is the possibility for extensions of PLDAPS's functionality. Virtually any hardware input or output device can be controlled by the Datapixx box and the Mac running MATLAB. Likewise, because the experiments themselves are designed in MATLAB and Psychophysics Toolbox, future additions and capabilities will be inherited by PLDAPS. For example, as Psychophysics Toolbox adds additional support for0;
				AppendMenu(g_CluiData.hMenuNotify, MF_BYCOMMAND | MF_STRING, g_CluiData.wNextMenuID, szBuffer);
				mii.hbmpItem = HBMMENU_CALLBACK;
				nmi->hContact = p->hContact;
				nmi->iIcon = p->imlIconIndex;
				nmi->hIcon = p->hIcon;
				nmi->hDbEvent = p->hDbEvent;
				mii.dwItemData = (ULONG_PTR)nmi;
				mii.wID = g_CluiData.wNextMenuID;
				SetMenuItemInfo(g_CluiData.hMenuNotify, g_CluiData.wNextMenuID, FALSE, &mii);
				p->menuId = g_CluiData.wNextMenuID;
				g_CluiData.wNextMenuID++;
				if (g_CluiData.wNextMenuID > 0x7fff)
					g_CluiData.wNextMenuID = 1;
				g_CluiData.iIconNotify = p->imlIconIndex;
			}
		}
	}
	else if (p->hContact != 0 && (p->flags & CLEF_ONLYAFEW)) {
		g_CluiData.iIconNotify = p->imlIconIndex;
		g_CluiData.hUpdateContact = p->hContact;
	}

	if (g_clistApi.events->getCount() > 0) {
		g_CluiData.bEventAreaEnabled = true;
		if (g_CluiData.bNotifyActive == false) {
			g_CluiData.bNotifyActive = true;
			EventArea_HideShowNotifyFrame();
		}
	}

	cliInvalidateRect(g_CluiData.hwndEventFrame, nullptr, FALSE);
	return p;
}

int cli_RemoveEvent(MCONTACT hContact, MEVENT hDbEvent)
{
	// Find the event that should be removed
	CListEvent *pEvent = nullptr;
	for (auto &it : *g_clistApi.events)
		if (it->hContact == hContact && it->hDbEvent == hDbEvent) {
			pEvent = it;
			break;
		}

	// Event was not found
	if (pEvent == nullptr)
		return 1;

	// remove event from the notify menu
	int iMenuId = pEvent->menuId;
	if (iMenuId > 0) {
		MENUITEMINFO mii = { 0 };
		mii.cbSize = sizeof(mii);
		mii.fMask = MIIM_DATA;
		if (GetMenuItemInfo(g_CluiData.hMenuNotify, iMenuId, FALSE, &mii) != 0) {
			struct NotifyMenuItemExData *nmi =


timely and disturbing chapter in the original, terrible atrocity."

Film adaptation
Imperative Entertainment is said to have paid $5 million for the rights to adapt the book for filming, with Eric Roth set to write the screenplay. As of July 14, 2017, Martin Scorsese and Leonardo DiCaprio are developing a film adaptation of the book. Filming was expected to start in spring 2019, though it ultimately did not take place by the end of 2019. Robert De Niro and DiCaprio are also rumored to be in talks for roles in the film.

In December 2019, Scorsese's recurring cinematographer Rodrigo Prieto announced that the shooting schedule for Killers of the Flower Moon would begin in March 2020. Variety magazine confirmed that DiCaprio and De Niro are set to star, with Dante FerrettiThe use of MRI in the diagnosis of benign and malignant bone and soft tissue tumours.
Two hundred and thirty four suspected primary bone and soft tissue tumours were investigated using plain films and MRI. The MR appearance of 200 of these tumours was assessed with respect to the intensity of the lesion, the homogeneity of the tumour, the presence or absence of a capsule or lobulation, whether the tumour was whorled or not and whether it contained either fluid or blood. Apart from benign lipomas and some malignant myxoid liposarcomas, however, it seemed virtually impossible to tell one tumour from another and in many cases to differentiate a benign lesion from a malignant tumour using MRI alone. We recommend that the workup of a suspected soft tissue tumour


contents

Comments

Variables and basic types

Operators

Object variables

A note on prefixes and namespaces

Branching and decisions

Relational and logical operators

Loops

Comments

Comments in Objective-C come directly from C and are similar to what you find in other languages. One line comments are written like this:

// This is a single line comment.

Everything after the // is ignored by the compiler until the end of the line. They also work after instructions:

int counter = 0 ; // This is a counter.

C allows also multiline comments, which some languages don’t have

/* This is a multiline comment which spans more than one line. */

Variables and basic types

As in many other languages, you need to store your values and object inside variables. In some languages you can just use variables freely when you need them. Moreover you can change theDescription Syntax == equal to a == b != not equal to a != b > greater than a > b >= greater than or equal to a >= b < less than a < b <= less than or equal to a <= b

Pay attention to the == operator. A very common mistake, especially when coming from other languages where this would not be allowed, is to use = in comparisons instead, which is the assignment operator. This is perfectly legal in C, as any assignment also returns a value that is checked by the if-else statement, which checks for 0 and non zero values. So, the program will compile and run perfectly, but probably not behave as you expect. This is a mistake that costs many


executed before entering the loop. It’s most commonly used to declare and/or initialize an integer variable used to count through the loop.

The loop-condition is a boolean condition used to check when to terminate the loop. It is evaluated before each pass through the loop. When the loop condition is false, the loop is terminated. This is usually used to check if the counter declared in the initialization-expression is over or under a certain value.

The update-expression is an expression that is evaluated at the end of each pass through the loop, after the loop body has been executed, and just before looping back to evaluate the condition-expression again. It’s usually used to update the value of the counter variable declared in the initialization-expression.

In it’s most common incarnation, the for/*
 * IBM Power Virtual Ethernet Device Driver
 *
 * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
 * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
 * the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
 * (at your option) any later version.
 *
 * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
 * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
 * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
 * GNU General Public License for more details.
 *
 * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
 * along with this program; if not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
 *
 * Copyright (C) IBM Corporation, 2003,


2010
 *
 * Authors: Dave Larson <larson1@us.ibm.com>
 *	    Santiago Leon <santil@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
 *	    Brian King <brking@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
 *	    Robert Jennings <rcj@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
 *	    Anton Blanchard <anton@au.ibm.com>
 */

#ifndef _IBMVETH_H
#define _IBMVETH_H

/* constants for H_MULTICAST_CTRL */
#define IbmVethMcastReceptionModifyBit     0x80000UL
#define IbmVethMcastReceptionEnableBit     0x20000UL
#define IbmVethMcastFilterModifyBit        0x40000UL
#define IbmVethMcastFilterEnableBit        0x10000UL

#define IbmVethMcastEnableRecv       (IbmVethMcastReceptionModifyBit | IbmVethMcastReceptionEnableBit)
#define IbmVethMcastDisableRecv      (IbmVethMcastReceptionModifyBit)
#define IbmVethMcastEnableFiltering  (IbmVethMcastFilterModifyBit | IbmVethMcastFilterEnableBit)
#define IbmVethMcastDisableFiltering (IbmVethMcastFilterModifyBit)
#define IbmVethMcastAddFilter        0x1UL
#define IbmVethMcastRemoveFilter     0x2UL
#define IbmVethMcastClearFilterTable 0x3UL

#define IBMVETH_ILLAN_LRG_SR_ENABLED	0x0000000000010000UL
#define IBMVETH_ILLAN_LRG_SND_SUPPORT	0x0000000000008000UL
#define IBMVETH_ILLAN_PADDED_PKT_CSUM	0x0000000000002000UL
#define IBMVETH_ILLAN_TRUNK_PRI_MASK	0x0000000000000F00UL
#define IBMVETH_ILLAN_IPV6_TCP_CSUM		0x0000000000000004UL
#define IBMVETH_ILLAN_IPV4_TCP_CSUM		0x0000000000000002UL
#define IBMVETH_ILLAN_ACTIVE_TRUNK		0x0000000000000001UL

/* hcall macros */
#define h_register_logical_lan(ua, buflst, rxq, fltlst, mac)Error Correction is (Still) a Waste of Time

To make them easier to find, several items originally included in the now-defunct ‘This Week in Language Education’ series are being reposted over the next few weeks.

Dlaska and Krekeler (2017) looked at a group of students preparing to enter a German university (N=225) who were taking a German as a Second Language course. The study examined (1) whether giving students a grade on a writing assignment would make a difference in the way they responded to “corrective feedback” (CF) (error correction) and (2) whether CF made any difference on the grammatical accuracy of student writing. Not surprisingly, the answers were “no” and “no.”

Three groups wrote a series of three in-class essays, one per week. Two of the groups got CF on