insures that one
copy of each new gene will be on every # 7 chromosome in future
generations.

The Adam and Eve method of genetic engineering is a 3 step improvement
over man's present way of doing genetic engineering on species that have
males and females.
Step 1: The goal is to get the new gene in the same exact location on
4 separate #7 chromosomes, 2 in the first male and 2 in the first
female. This is accomplished by adding the new gene to 1 chromosome
in a DNA sample of a male of the chosen species, because males have
all the chromosome types. Then after the first male is grown, a
sample (rib) of his DNA is rearranged through meiosis hormones, into
the configuration of a females.Step 2: This improvement is the removal of the Hereditary diseaselight:
and there was light.(God made our star the sun.)
GEN 1:4
And God saw the light, that it was good:
(God tested the output of the sun: spectrum analysis)and God divided the light from the darkness.(Here God created the earth, the moon, and the morning stars or planets.
Sun/stars do not divide the light from the darkness.)
GEN 1:5And God called the light day, and the darkness he called night./PAGE 3
PART 1: Day 1 through day 6JOB 38:4
Where wast thou when I laid the foundations of the earth?
declare, if thou hast understanding.
JOB 38:5
Who hath laid the measures thereof, if thou knowest?
or who hath streched the line upon it? (measuring line)
JOB 38:6
Whereupon are the foundations thereof fastened?
or who laid the corner stone thereof;
JOB 38:7
When the morning stars sang together, (Harmony of the spheres)
and all


the sons of God shouted for joy? (# ISA 41:27 # GEN 1:26-27)Morning star definition: We see distant suns and planets in our solar system, as stars at night. Just
before the disk of our sun crosses the horizon, light shines on the sky
turning it blue. This obscures the scant light from the distant suns, but
the close planets can still be seen. Since the brightest planets are the
ones closest to the sun, this only happens in the morning and evening, with
the sun below the horizen and the planets that are visible above the
horizen. Therefore the terms morning and evening stars.
GEN 1:5
/ And the evening and the morning were the first day. (1)
GEN 1:6
And God said,Let there be a firmament in the midst of the waters,
and let it divide thefirst
earth, between 700 years B.C. and just prior to the second coming.AMO 5:4
For thus saith the LORD to the house of Israel,
Seek ye me, and ye shall live:/
AMO 5:8
Seek him that maketh the seven stars and Orion,/
Science News: May 8, 1993; Vol. 143, No. 19; page 293
title: "PEERING INTO ORION NEBULA'S STELLAR NURSERY"
Quote: "Orion nebula, a molecular cloud that harbors the stellar
nursery nearest to earth." (MAY 6, 1993 NATURE)
ISA 66:22For as the new heavens and the new earth, which I will make,shall remain before me, saith the LORD,
so shall your seed and your name (man) remain. (# ISA 60:22)
JOH 14:2
In my Father's house are many mansions: (many earths)
if it were not so, I would have told you.I go to prepare a place (# REV 20:11)for you, (a new


earth for man)
JOH 14:3
And if I go and prepare a place for you,
I will come again, and receive you unto myself;/ (# JOH 13:36)
REV 20:11
And I saw a great white throne, and him that sat upon it,
from whose face the earth and the heaven fled (# JER 4:25) away;and there was found no place (# JOH 14:2)for them./ (to live on)
MAT 24:35Heaven and earth shall pass away,/PAGE 6PART 1: Day 1 through day 6ISA 24:20
The earth shall reel to and fro like a drunkard,
and shall be removed/and it shall fall, and not rise again. (like # ISA 14:21,19-22 # AMO 8:14)
Our God makes solar systems. There are earth like planets around other
stars that belong to our creator, referred to in the bible as the Father's
mansions. (# JOH 14:2)said he unto them,
The harvest truly is great, but the labourers are few:
pray ye therefore the Lord of the harvest,
that he would send forth labourers into his harvest.
(# DAN 11:32-33 # MAT 24:45-46 10:32-33 7:19 # JOH 15:7-8 13:14-15)JOH 14:21He that hath my commandments, and keepeth them,
he it is that loveth me:and he that loveth me shall be loved of my Father,
and I will love him,and will manifest myself to him.
DEU 7:9
Know therefore that the LORD thy God, he is God, the faithful God,which keepeth covenant and mercy with them that love (# JOH 14:21)him and keep his commandments
to a thousand generations; (Evidence 4)- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -This is how long a generation is.GEN 15:13
And he


Zublin curved drilling method provides a reliable and highly accurate means by which straight drilling beyond the curve can be carried out for a limited distance. The following U.S. patents are considered of significance respective to the drilling of wellbores which are deviated from the vertical into the horizontal plane:
______________________________________ U.S. Pat. No. Date of Issuance Title ______________________________________ 2,699,920 Jan. 18, 1955 Apparatus for drilling laterally deviating bores from a vertical bore below a casing set therein 2,708,099 May 10, 1955 Flexible resilient norm- ally curved tubular drill guide having fric- tion shoes 2,717,146 Sept. 6, 1955 Heavy duty flexible drill pipe 2,734,720 Feb. 14, 1956 Apparatus for drilling wells with oriented curved bores of large radii 2,734,082 April 24, 1956 Method of drilling de- viating bores fromDo you use the McDonald's Cycle Center at Millennium Park?

I'm writing a blog post about how I think the McDonald's Cycle Center is at an odd location. I realize that I never hear people in the bike community mention the cycle center. But supposedly 500 people are members, and there is a waiting list. So I ask here: Do you use it regularly? Ever? Why or why not?

I used it regularly for 18 months or so from about January 2009-mid 2010. I got the same pitch about what their member census was, but was irritated by the fact that I was a monthly payer, who during the winter months was parking in the members area with the other 5 or so bikes there. Bike and Roll is not


define this macro.

— Macro: TYPE_OPERAND_FMT

A C string which specifies (using printf syntax) the format of
the second operand to TYPE_ASM_OP. On systems that use ELF, the
default (in config/elfos.h) is "@%s"; on other systems,
the default is not to define this macro.

Define this macro only if it is correct to use the default definition of
ASM_OUTPUT_TYPE_DIRECTIVE for your system. If you need your own
custom definition of this macro, or if you do not need explicit symbol
types at all, do not define this macro.

— Macro: ASM_OUTPUT_TYPE_DIRECTIVE (stream, type)

A C statement (sans semicolon) to output to the stdio stream
stream a directive telling the assembler that the type of the
symbol name is type. type is a C string; currently,
that string is always either "function" or "object", but
you should not count on this.

If you define TYPE_ASM_OPa default
definition. If either ASM_WEAKEN_LABEL or ASM_WEAKEN_DECL
is defined, the default definition is 1; otherwise, it is
0. Define this macro if you want to control weak symbol support
with a compiler flag such as -melf.

— Macro: MAKE_DECL_ONE_ONLY (decl)

A C statement (sans semicolon) to mark decl to be emitted as a
public symbol such that extra copies in multiple translation units will
be discarded by the linker. Define this macro if your object file
format provides support for this concept, such as the COMDAT
section flags in the Microsoft Windows PE/COFF format, and this support
requires changes to decl, such as putting it in a separate section.

— Macro: SUPPORTS_ONE_ONLY

A C expression which evaluates to true if the target supports one-only
semantics.

If you don't define this macro, varasm.c provides a default
definition. If MAKE_DECL_ONE_ONLY is defined, the default
definition is


require anything.

— Target Hook: void TARGET_ASM_EXTERNAL_LIBCALL (rtx symref)

This target hook is a function to output to asm_out_file an assembler
pseudo-op to declare a library function name external. The name of the
library function is given by symref, which is a symbol_ref.

— Target Hook: void TARGET_ASM_MARK_DECL_PRESERVED (tree decl)

This target hook is a function to output to asm_out_file an assembler
directive to annotate used symbol. Darwin target use .no_dead_code_strip
directive.

— Macro: ASM_OUTPUT_LABELREF (stream, name)

A C statement (sans semicolon) to output to the stdio stream
stream a reference in assembler syntax to a label named
name. This should add _ to the front of the name, if that
is customary on your operating system, as it is in most Berkeley Unix
systems. This macro is used in assemble_name.

— Macro: ASM_OUTPUT_SYMBOL_REF (stream, sym)

A C statement (sans semicolon) to output awill suffice.

If this macro is not defined, a default definition will be provided
which is correct for most systems.

— Macro: ASM_OUTPUT_DEF (stream, name, value)

A C statement to output to the stdio stream stream assembler code
which defines (equates) the symbol name to have the value value.

If SET_ASM_OP is defined, a default definition is provided which is
correct for most systems.

A C statement to output to the stdio stream stream assembler code
which defines (equates) the symbol whose tree node is decl_of_name
to have the value of the tree node decl_of_value. This macro will
be used in preference to ASM_OUTPUT_DEF if it is defined and if
the tree nodes are available.

If SET_ASM_OP is defined, a default definition is provided which is
correct for most systems.

— Macro: TARGET_DEFERRED_OUTPUT_DEFS (decl_of_name, decl_of_value)

A C statement that evaluates to true if the


The Only Son (1914 film)

The Only Son is a lost 1914 American silent drama film directed by Oscar Apfel and Cecil B. DeMille. The film is based on the play of the same name by Winchell Smith and stars James Blackwell.

Cast
 James Blackwell as Thomas Brainerd, Sr.
 A. MacMillan as Henry Thompson
 Thomas W. Ross as Thomas Brainerd, Jr.
 Jane Darwell as Mrs. Brainerd
 Merta Carpenter as Gertrude Brainerd
 Arthur Collins as Jim Tompkins
 J.P. Wild as Charles Lester
 Fred Starr as Collins
 Milton Brown

References

External links

Category:1914 films
Category:1910s drama films
Category:American drama films
Category:American films
Category:American black-and-white films
Category:American silent feature films
Category:Lost American films
Category:Famous Players-Lasky films
Category:Films directed by Cecil B. DeMille
Category:Films directed by Oscar Apfel
Category:American films based on plays
Category:Films directed by Thomas N. Heffron
Category:Films directed by William C. deMillefrom {h: 11, c: 1, o: 2, u: 1, k: 4}?
22/171
Calculate prob of picking 2 w when two letters picked without replacement from {p: 3, w: 17}.
68/95
What is prob of picking 2 p and 1 y when three letters picked without replacement from guypguuppgpupgpgugup?
7/380
Two letters picked without replacement from {q: 1, u: 1, x: 3, g: 1, o: 1}. Give prob of picking 1 q and 1 o.
1/21
What is prob of picking 4 a when four letters picked without replacement from cacaaacaaacaaaaacaa?
1001/3876
Calculate prob of picking 1 l, 1 u, and 1 c when three letters picked without replacement from {l: 1, c: 6, u: 1, f: 3, h: 2}.
3/143
What is prob of picking 1 z and 1 u when two letters picked without replacement from {z: 9, u:


Maquoketa, and Eldridge, IA areas. We believe everyone deserves a smile they feel proud of, and our trusted orthodontist Dr. Mack and his highly trained staff work with you to customize a comprehensive treatment plan that meets the needs of your lifestyle.

Everybody gets dry mouth now and then. Sometimes temporary mouth dryness can be brought on by dehydration, stress, or a normal reduction in saliva flow at night. However, if your dry mouth persists long past the norm, you may have a chronic condition known as xerostomia.

Everybody gets dry mouth now and then. Sometimes temporary mouth dryness can be brought on by dehydration, stress, or a normal reduction in saliva flow at night. However, if your dry mouth persists long past the norm, you may have a chronicMokonyane.

The department maintained that Day Zero would not happen as there were interventions in place.

“It’s not us who have said there is Day Zero… We do not understand how some people‚ somewhere‚ decided to talk of Day Zero. It is not us‚” she said.

The portfolio committee said in a statement that it would “look at policy to review the issue of water licences and the ownership of dams through proposed legislation.

“Currently‚ the department of water and sanitation owns and manages about 330 out of the 5‚000 dams in South Africa. It concerns the committee that 65% of water goes to agriculture whilst 23% is used for domestic consumption.

“As recent as (Tuesday)‚ water was released by farmers which was viewed ‘as a gift’ to the people when in fact


that as it may, the Democrats in the Maryland state senate haven’t covered themselves in glory here. Part of their job is to consider nominees from the Governor based on their own merits and qualifications. Rejecting all of them as a protest of the existence of the board they would be seated on is childish. If they feel that strongly about it, work to change the laws and eliminate the board entirely. In the meantime, the board exists and the seats remain empty. This is an example of government dysfunction, not normal operations.dangerous in high-pressure pipes, particularly on a submarine. See "Welding probe to expand at shipyard," Peter Frost, Dailypress.com, 12/20/07.

India probes Scorpene deal: An Indian court has ordered police to complete a probe into charges that a bribe was paid in a multi-billion dollar deal to buy Scorpene submarines from a French defense firm. The Delhi High Court told the Central Bureau of Investigation to complete an inquiry within three months. The order came a month after a non-government organization said New Delhi was shielding Indian middlemen who allegedly took a commission from French defense giant Thales, which owns Armaris, to clinch the deal. Thales and the French government have denied the allegations. See "India probes $3 bln French submarine deal," AFP at Khaleej Times Online, 12/20/07.

International regulations enter


Japanese chemical tanker off the northeastern coast of Somalia are demanding a $1 million ransom. They have threatened to kill the ship's 22 crew members of they don't receive the money. The Golden Nori, carrying tens of thousands of tons of highly explosive benzene, was hijacked on October 28 along with its crew from Myanmar, the Philippines and South Korea. The US Navy came to the aid of the vessel in late October. At one point, the USS Porter opened fire on pirate's skiffs tied to the tanker, but the pirates remained on board. Rampant piracy off Somalia stopped briefly during the strict rule of an Islamist movement in the second half of 2006, but resumed after Ethiopian and Somali government troops ousted the Islamists at the endfive tugs to refloat it on the high tide late on Monday was unsuccessful. Authorities said there was no risk of pollution from the stranded carrier and it was not posing a hazard to navigation. But the ship could be stuck for days. See "Ship still stranded off Qld coast," AAP at The Sydney Morning Herald, 12/3/07.

Cosco plans changes: Shipbuilding and repair firm Cosco Corp is focusing its resources on three main business lines: ship repair, new shipbuilding, and marine engineering. The company plans to sell its fleet of 12 bulk carriers as it divests non-core assets. Since last year, Cosco has won several big orders for conversion and construction of offshore oil and gas drilling rigs and vessels. The company has started to consider expansion into other


a movable pin and a spring, which complicates manufacturing.
Moreover, Patent Document 2 (Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. H07-83159) and Patent Document 3 (Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. H06-133922) each disclose an actuator having an electrode formed into a cylinder shape which performs flexing actions by electric impulses. In both cases, the actuator is formed into a cylinder shape or a coiled shape with a large thickness, which causes the actuator to have poor responsivity, to operate only at low speed, and which makes its manufacturing difficult.
The term “conductive polymers” is herein used to broadly refer to conductive polymers including an organic conductive polymer in which the polymer itself has conductivity and a conductive polymer doped with conductive materials such as carbon particles.that he had not paid, in cash, the payments specified in plaintiff's affidavit, but he contended that he gave the reconveyances as prepayment of the monthly payments for support of the children.
 Defendant testified that such prepayment by the reconveyances was made because he was paying her $75 a month for the children and she was paying him $75 a month on the trust deed; that the house was large and she had an income of $125 a week from it; that in giving her the first reconveyance as a prepayment she promised that the home would be there for the children "to grow up in"; that he gave her the first reconveyance with the understanding that the property would not be sold and the children would have


os.path import isfile, join
onlyfiles = [f for f in listdir(inDir) if isfile(join(inDir, f))]
for file in onlyfiles:
    infile = inDir+"/"+file
    filename  = file.split(".")[0]
    outfile = inDir+"/"+filename+".wld"
    print outfile
    f = open(outfile, 'a')
    f.write(A+'\n'+D+'\n'+B+'\n'+E+'\n'+C+'\n'+F)
    f.close

protected under United Sates and International Copyright Law.

MY IMAGES DONOT BELONG TO THE PUBLIC DOMAIN AND ARE NOTFREE TO USE OR REDISTRUBUTE! THIS INCLUDES PINTEREST. PLEASE DONOT PIN MY IMAGES! Thank you.

It is against the law to copy, reproduce, redistribute, project, alter, manipulate or use any images or content in ANY WAY without the express written permission of Tracy Milkay/Milkay Photography. In addition, use of ANY image as the basis for another photographic concept or illustration (digital, artist rendering or alike) is a violation of the United States and International Copyright laws.

Contact me for permission before saving, using or redistributing ANY of my images for personal or commercial use.


Q:

c# how can I sidestep the memory allocation bottleneck to improve multithreading performance

I use C# as a research tool, and frequently need to run CPU intensive tasks such as optimisations.  In theory I should be able to get big performance improvements by multi-threading my code, but in practice when I use the same number of threads as the number of cores available on my workstation I usually find that the CPU is still only running at 25%-50% of max.  Interrupting the code to see what all the threads are doing strongly suggests that memory allocation is the bottleneck, because most threads will be waiting for new statements to execute.
One solution would be to try and re-engineer all my code to be much more memory efficient, butother groups, such as anthocyanidins and chalcones \[[@b14-ijms-14-19434]\]. So far, more than 6500 flavonoids have been discovered, and a total of 14 classes have been proposed by Cushnie and Lamb \[[@b15-ijms-14-19434]\]. From a biological perspective, flavonoids are one of the most extensively studied types of natural compounds, with a massive amount of research published supporting an unprecedented amount of bioactivity claims. In the field of anti-infectives, flavonoids have been reported to display antibacterial, antiviral, antiprotozoan and antifungal properties \[[@b16-ijms-14-19434],[@b17-ijms-14-19434]\]. Most of the studies performed against bacterial infections have focused on suspended cells, with flavones, chalcones, flavonols, flavan-3-ols, flavanones and flavolans as the most successful flavonoid classes \[[@b15-ijms-14-19434],[@b18-ijms-14-19434],[@b19-ijms-14-19434]\].

This article focuses on the use of flavonoids as a representative chemical template to perform a large screening in search for compounds


It solely relies on optimized methods to quantify biofilm viability (with resazurin staining) and biomass (with crystal violet staining) under repeatable conditions that have been summarized here and are also detailed in earlier contributions \[[@b20-ijms-14-19434]--[@b23-ijms-14-19434]\]. Key conditions, such as biofilm formation time, starting bacterial concentrations or available surface for biofilm formation, are comparable to those that have been applied in anti-biofilm studies on 96-microwell plates \[[@b24-ijms-14-19434],[@b25-ijms-14-19434]\], making inter-laboratory comparisons feasible. Special attention was paid to control the initial concentration of added bacteria, as it is one of the most critical factors in antimicrobial assays \[[@b25-ijms-14-19434]\], as well as to maintain it throughout the screening and follow-up studies. Unlike the antibacterial assays against planktonic bacteria for which straightforward guidelines exist from the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute, as wellto compare current results with prior contributions, so that a better understanding of their bioactivity profiles was achieved. The dataset built here will also hopefully pave the way for future structure-activity relationship (SAR) studies and structural optimizations.

Finally, this contribution identifies two new synthetic flavans (compounds **291** and **369**) as potent antimicrobials that can successfully act on biofilms and suspended *S. aureus* and represent more feasible antibacterial candidates, to be included in a new generation of pharmaceuticals. This research may also potentially spark interest for more focused studies on this flavonoid class. More data is indeed needed on their *in vivo* bioavailabilites and safety profiles, which will benefit a better exploitation of flavans as drug leads.

The authors thank the Academy of Finland (WoodyFilm project decision 264064; Bioarmi project decision


aureus* ATCC 25923 and Newman clinical strains, respectively. Highly active flavonoids are those present in both shadowed areas. Primary screening results are presented in Table S1.](ijms-14-19434f2){#f2-ijms-14-19434}

![Key structural features present in the anti-biofilm chalcones and flavones (moderately and highly active ones).](ijms-14-19434f3){#f3-ijms-14-19434}

![The four most active anti-biofilm flavonoids identified in this contribution.](ijms-14-19434f4){#f4-ijms-14-19434}

![Summary of the anti-biofilm screening and selection criteria applied to the collection in this study. Highly and moderately active flavonoids are listed in Tables S2 and S3, respectively.](ijms-14-19434f5){#f5-ijms-14-19434}

######

Results from the first screening assay and reconfirmation trial for the ten flavonoids originally classified as highly active (summarized in [Scheme 1](#f5-ijms-14-19434){ref-type="fig"}).

  Code   Company ID   Class        Inhibition of biofilm formation (%)         New York (1968), 390 U.S. 629, 638-41, 20 L.Ed.2d 195, 203-05, 88 S.Ct. 1274, 1279-81; Stanley, 405 U.S. at 652, 31 L.Ed.2d at 559, 92 S.Ct. at 1213; Santosky v. Kramer (1982), 455 U.S. 745, 766, 71 L.Ed.2d 599, 615, 102 S.Ct. 1388, 1401; Parham v. J.R. (1979), 442 U.S. 584, 603, 61 L.Ed.2d 101, 119, 99 S.Ct. 2493, 2504-05; Prince v. Massachusetts (1944), 321 U.S. 158, 166, 88 L.Ed. 645, 652-53, 64 S.Ct. 438, 442.) "Acting to guard the general interest in youth's well being, the state as parens patriae may restrict the parent's control * * *." (Prince, 321 U.S. at 166, 88 L.Ed. at 652, 64 S.Ct. at 442.) The circuit court, however, held that the State's asserted compelling interest in the welfare of minors


the risk that the minor will run away again. The State serves the minor's best interests by stabilizing the minor's environment, preventing the minor from *347 running further and attempting to effectuate the minor's voluntary return home. Moreover, if the minor ever desires to return home, the State must take the minor home.
According to the circuit court, because foster homes and State shelters are often more restrictive than the minor's home environment, and no natural bond of affection exists between the minor and such shelters, the risk that the minor will run away from alternative placement is great. If the minor runs away from alternative placement, the circuit court contended, the minor will then try to avoid both the State and his or her parents, so the chancethe minor refuses to return home. The circuit court stated that further standards are necessary in order to reduce the risk of erroneous deprivation of the parents' rights.
We conclude that the standards set forth in the MRAI do not violate due process. Those standards  absence from home and a refusal to return  only affect the child's custody for 21 days. As we have discussed, a court may not use these standards alone to adjudge the minor a minor requiring authoritative intervention or a ward of the court. Moreover, we have already found that the standards and procedures used to take the child into custody for 21 days, to adjudge the minor a minor requiring authoritative intervention, and to adjudge the minor a ward of the court


immediate *364 hearing and the latter do not. B.R.'s mother points out that parents of a dependent or addicted minor do not cause harm to their child. Rather, the minor's own actions cause him or her harm, just as a minor under the MRAI causes himself or herself harm.
A dependent minor is one who does not have a parent, or does not receive proper care because of the mental or physical disability of his or her parent, or does not receive proper medical or remedial care through no fault or neglect of his or her parent, or has a parent who wishes to be relieved of his or her parental rights and responsibilities. (Ill. Rev. Stat. 1987, ch. 37, par. 802-4(1) (formerly Ill. Rev. Stat. 1985, ch. 37,violate the due process and equal protection clauses of the United States Constitution and Illinois Constitution. The decision of the circuit court is reversed and the cause is remanded to the circuit court of Du Page County for proceedings consistent with this opinion.
Reversed and remanded.
JUSTICE MILLER, dissenting:
I do not agree with the majority's conclusion that the statutory provisions challenged here are constitutional. Accordingly, I dissent from today's decision.
At issue in the present case are certain portions of the Juvenile Court Act of 1987 (Ill. Rev. Stat. 1987, ch. 37, pars. 801-1 through 807-1) applicable to minors requiring authoritative intervention (the MRAI provisions). Under section 3-3 of the Act, the MRAI designation includes "any minor under 18 years of age (1) who is (a) absent from home without consent


---
abstract: 'We have implemented a code for $Z''$ + $n$ jets production in ALPGEN, with $Z''$ decays into several final states, including $\ell^+ \ell^-$ and $t \bar t$. The MLM prescription is used for matching the matrix element with the parton shower, including in this way the leading soft and collinear corrections. In order to demonstrate its capabilities, we perform a combined analysis of $Z'' \to t \bar t$ and $Z'' \to t \bar t j$ production for a heavy leptophobic gauge boson. It is found that the effect of the extra jet cannot only be accounted for by a $K$ factor multiplying the leading-order cross section. In fact, the combined analysis for $Z'' \to t \bar t$ and $Z'' \to t \bar t j$ presented improves thep\rightarrow Z' \rightarrow \ell^+\ell^-\ , \ell = e, \mu ,$ the preferred one in these studies [@Langacker:2008yv; @Aad:2009wy; @Ball:2007zza; @Buttar:2008jx]. This signal with charged leptons in the final state has smaller backgrounds than those with only hadrons, but it requires that the new boson couples to both quarks and leptons, being this process suppressed when either of these types of couplings vanishes. The $t \bar t$ channel is an alternative if the couplings to leptons are the ones which are negligible. Among the hadronic final states, $t\bar t$ is very interesting by itself because, being the top very heavy, it allows for a relatively easy identification and reconstruction, and for this reason its backgrounds are relatively smaller. Even more, $Z' \to t \bar t$ is not only an


large extra dimensions [@Antoniadis:1994yi], also introduce (a plethora of) new vector bosons, with some of them at the LHC reach. Many of them couple to quarks and leptons but, as already stressed, even in this case (and obviously in the leptophobic limit) it is important to perform a detailed resonance search in the $t\bar t$ channel.

With this purpose in mind, we have extended  [@Mangano:2002ea] with a generator for $Z'$ production, including real emissions matched with leading logarithmic (LL) corrections (both real and virtual ones). This is presented in the next section, and applied to the search of vector resonances decaying into $t\bar t$ in the following ones. For the sake of illustration, we concentrate on the case of a leptophobic $Z'_\lambda$, which also decays into new heavy neutrinosas to remove from the signal processes the SM component mediated by $Z$ and $\gamma ^*$. Note that these cuts can be optimised to enhance the statistical significance of the signal but, on the other hand, reducing the background too much makes its normalisation from real data difficult. The number of events fulfilling these requirements are collected in Table \[tab:nsnb-pre\] (left) for the signal and main backgrounds (the rest of backgrounds are not explicitly shown but we keep them in the calculations). On the right panel we show the decomposition of the $t \bar t nj$ background in $n=0,\dots,5$ multiplicities. The dominance of the $n=1,2,3$ subsamples results from the $H_T$ cut, which has a much higher rejection for lower jet multiplicities.

[ccc]{}

  ------------------------------- ------- -- ----------------------- --------


in Table \[tab:nsnb-pre\]. As a result of this cut, the ${p_T^{t \bar t}}$ distribution is shifted towards large values, as it can observed in Fig. \[fig:ptt-comp\]. This higher jet multiplicity is also the reason for the worse reconstruction of the hadronic top in Fig. \[fig:mrec-pre\].

The best strategy to maximise the signal significance is to develop two analyses. The first one aims to reconstruct the $t \bar t$ peak in the region of low transverse momenta of the $t \bar t$ pair setting ${p_T^{t \bar t}}< 50$ GeV, which eliminates a large fraction of background and the off-peak signal contribution which would otherwise constitute a combinatorial background. The second analysis will search for the $t \bar tj$ peak in the complementary region ${p_T^{t \bar t}}> 50$ GeV. We present these two analysesATLAS Collaboration\], arXiv:0901.0512 \[hep-ex\]. G. L. Bayatian [*et al.*]{} \[CMS Collaboration\], J. Phys. G [**34**]{} (2007) 995. For a comparison between $Z \to \ell^+ \ell^-$ generators and a study of QCD and electroweak corrections see C. Buttar [*et al.*]{}, arXiv:0803.0678 \[hep-ph\]. V. M. Abazov [*et al.*]{} \[D0 Collaboration\], Phys. Rev. Lett.  [**100**]{} (2008) 142002 \[arXiv:0712.0851 \[hep-ex\]\]; T. Aaltonen [*et al.*]{} \[CDF Collaboration\], Phys. Rev. Lett.  [**101**]{} (2008) 202001 \[arXiv:0806.2472 \[hep-ex\]\]. P. Langacker, R. W. Robinett and J. L. Rosner, Phys. Rev.  D [**30**]{} (1984) 1470. J. L. Hewett and T. G. Rizzo, Phys. Rept.  [**183**]{} (1989) 193. See for a recent review R. Diener, S. Godfrey and T. A. W. Martin, arXiv:0910.1334 \[hep-ph\]; and references there in. I. Antoniadis, K. Benakli and M. Quiros, Phys. Lett.  B [**331**]{} (1994) 313 \[arXiv:hep-ph/9403290\]; T. G. Rizzo, Phys. Rev.  D [**61**]{} (2000) 055005 \[arXiv:hep-ph/9909232\]; A. Djouadi, G. Moreau and R. K. Singh, Nucl. Phys.  B [**797**]{} (2008) 1 \[arXiv:0706.4191 \[hep-ph\]\]. M. L. Mangano, M. Moretti, F. Piccinini, R. Pittau and A. D. Polosa, JHEP [**0307**]{} (2003) 001 \[arXiv:hep-ph/0206293\];


Rabin’s assassination.

Perhaps for this reason—and for the continuing Palestinian terror attacks against Israelis, “Rabin may have been close to calling-off the Oslo process, according [to] his daughter Dalia,” as The Jerusalem Post has noted. The Jerusalem Post highlighted that in an Oct. 1, 2010 interview with Yediot Aharonot, Dalia Rabin said that “many people who were close to father told me that on the eve of the murder he considered stopping the Oslo process because of the terror that was running rampant in the streets, and because he felt that Yasser Arafat was not delivering on his promises (“Yitzhak Rabin was ‘close to stopping the Oslo process,’” Oct. 17, 2013).”

According to Moshe Ya’alon, a future Israeli Defense Minister who was then serving as the head of military intelligence,the + includes people who lack a gender/sexuality/romantic disposition.
Since the best way to fix confusion is by an edit, I've been talking to another mod and we propose to edit the tag usage guidance to:

Use this tag when issues specific to lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender or other sexual/gender minorities impact the interpersonal interaction in the question. Don't use it when a member of the LGBT+ community is involved, but them being LGBT+ isn't relevant to the question.

Right now, The LGBT+ wiki so far only includes when to do/don't use this tag, but that info is supposed to go in the tag usage guidance: The tag wiki is supposed to be a general introduction to a topic defined by that tag. They're a place to consolidate


115 N.W.2d 1 (1962)
STATE of North Dakota, Plaintiff and Respondent,
v.
Frederick DIETZ, Defendant and Appellant.
No. Cr. 298.
Supreme Court of North Dakota.
May 5, 1962.
*3 Greenwood & Swanson, Dickinson, for defendant and appellant.
Leslie R. Burgum, Atty. Gen., Bismarck, and George T. Dynes, State's Atty., Dickinson, for plaintiff and respondent.
TEIGEN, Judge.
The defendant was convicted of the crime of indecent liberties and sentenced to an indeterminate term at the state penitentiary of not less than one year nor more than three years. He has appealed from the final judgment of conviction. A certificate of probable cause was granted by the trial judge, bail was furnished and the defendant discharged from custody.
The defendant alleges errors in the rulings of the trial court and also alleges insufficiency of the evidence to sustain the verdict.
The victimprivate parts. In this testimony the victim was corroborated by her friend, the Fisher girl, who was present. She testified she saw the defendant place his hand inside the victim's panties and he also had put his hand inside her clothing, that he took them by turns. There was no objection to the testimony that defendant *4 also took indecent liberties with this witness.
Sometime after the children had returned to the Fisher home, the victim complained of pain when she went to the bathroom. The complaint brought about an examination and a discovery of blood. Arrangements were made for an examination of the girl by a doctor. Such examination was made within two or three hours of the alleged act. The doctor testified he examined the victim, Tanya


768; however, an examination of that case does not support an argument that it was reversible error to fail to examine a person of immature years before administering the oath. The Iowa Court held that there was no presumption prevailing in favor of the competency of one under fourteen years of age. The Iowa Court found, upon examination of the court's interrogation of the witness, that it was not established that the witness possessed the requisite capacity to testify and "that fact should have been developed before receiving her testimony."
The Iowa Court in a later case, State v. Yates, 181 Iowa 539, 164 N.W. 798, seems to have qualified the position which it took in the case of State v. King, supra, when it said:
"There is no agerandom.nextInt(10) instead (which is). It's a surprisingly useful principle to prove things in computer science!
Now, one could imagine an int based coding system which promises unique codes until you hit 4 billion unique objects, but making such a promise is incredibly complicated and itself a memory hog, if it would have to work for any and all objects.
Java makes no such promises, and System.iHC is as a consequence not guaranteed to have either unique numbers (completely impossible to make that promise) nor that System.iHC has 'perfect' distribution (hashcodes as distributed as they could be, i.e. no reuse until 4 billion objects exist simultaneously). Note that 'exists' is already complicated: When does an object truly 'disappear'?
In practice, iHC is based on memory positions; it's distribution is very very good.


May of 2014. He has brought a fresh approach to Children's Ministry and has quickly begun to make it one of our highlight ministries. dfMarissa is also on staff here at Bay Hills as a part-time Preschool Director. They work together well and strive to assist God in the growth of His kingdom.

EDUCATION

Bachelor of Arts in Bible and Theology,

William Jessup University

Bachelor of Arts in Christian Education,

William Jessup University

Certificate in Children's Ministry,

William Jessup University

CONTACT INFORMATION

EMAIL: nate.cummings@bayhills.net

PHONE: 1 [510] 223-2500 ext. 106

David Sauer

Youth Pastor

Growing up in Montana and Washington, Dave had an adventurous childhood.

He grew up with four older sisters and would eventually have five daughters of his own.

In the summer of 1989, while working at a shoe store in Lynwood, WA,

his world was completely rocked, and I do meanrocked!!!

He met the woman of his dreams, Darcy. He was mesmerized by her
beauty and personality.

4 months later they were engaged and on May 26th1990 were married.

God started them on the journey of a lifetime.

Today his family consist of that same wonderful lady, and their five daughters,

Savannah, Scarlett, Sinclaire, Sonniva, & Somersby.

If you're wondering about all the S names, it wasn’t planned until their third child, Sinclaire was born.

And because everyone asks, they are not from the South and neither of them

have ever seen Gone With the Wind.

Dave joined the Bay Hills Staff January 2014.

He was previously the junior high pastor at Adventure Church in Rocklin

and the youth pastor at a church in Yuba City.

CONTACT INFORMATION

EMAIL: davesauer@bayhills.net

PHONE: 1 [510] 223-2500 ext. 104

Brigette lopez

office Administrator

Brigette grew up in El Sobrante,


HENRY CALDERWOOD, LL.D.,

  PROFESSOR OF MORAL PHILOSOPHY, UNIVERSITY OF EDINBURGH, AUTHOR
  OF "RELATIONS OF MIND AND BRAIN," ETC.

  NEW YORK:
  ROBERT CARTER & BROTHERS,

  530 BROADWAY.

  1881.

  Copyright, 1881,
  BY ROBERT CARTER & BROTHERS.

  CAMBRIDGE:
  PRESS OF
  JOHN WILSON AND SON.

  ST. JOHNLAND
  STEREOTYPE FOUNDRY
  SUFFOLK CO., N. Y.

_EXTRACT FROM THE DEED OF TRUST, ESTABLISHING THE MORSE LECTURESHIP._

"The general subject of the Lectures, I desire to be:

"The relation of the Bible to any of the Sciences, as Geography,
Geology, History, and Ethnology, the vindication of the inspiration and
authenticity of the Bible, against attacks made on scientific grounds,
and the relation of the facts and truths contained in the Word of God,
to the principles, methods and aimsthe popular thought was
opposed, and as all had been placed in opposition by the earlier forms
of scientific teaching. We rightly interpret the facts, only in
representing that science both makes its own difficulties and clears
them; first presents the imperfect or erroneous views which are to be
swept away, and afterwards trains men to more careful sifting of
evidence and exercise of thought, thereby clearing and widening its own
path.

Thus are we enabled to trace the boundaries of two distinct regions of
thought, closely related, yet clearly separated. Science can not do the
work of religion, nor can religion do the work of science. Each must
fulfil its own part, and abide its proper tests. Science has its own
place and its own task. Religion will simply wait upon science, leaving
it to make its own discoveries, gladly


into
generalized form, bearing upon the laws of nature applying to living
organism. As records of details are extended before us, the marvels of
structure are obvious. The multifarious contrivances become quite
startling, until we are ready to lose our reckoning in the very
multiplicity of facts narrated. In order to make sure of general result,
we need to draw off somewhat from details,--to be content even to lose
sight of many of them,--in order to gain a position, sufficiently
removed for a sight of general relations. In attempting this it is clear
that there are certain truths bearing on the preservation and
development of species in the vegetable kingdom, and an analogous set
of truths as to the animal kingdom, and above these, possibly still more
important for general appreciation of the universe as a whole, a body of
truthMind and Brain_, from p. 125, onwards.

[CU] _The Brain as the Organ of Mind_, by Dr. Bastian, p. 115.

[CV] See Appendix XI.

[CW] For detailed narrative, see my work on _The Relations of Mind and
Brain_, chap. iv. p. 79.

LECTURE VII.

MAN'S PLACE IN THE WORLD.

The accumulated interest gathered around the direct and collateral
investigations bearing on the development of species, has naturally
turned greatly increased attention on man's position in the universe. As
has been shown by study of the nervous system belonging to animal life,
all organism has been constructed on a uniform plan, advancing in
complication as the organism becomes more intricate in structure, having
separate parts assigned to distinct functions. This uniform plan is seen
to culminate in man. Thus it follows, that man appears to the scientific
observer, as the last or most advanced


on 29 March 1992 in Belgrade against Partizan. Players like Mario Stanić, Rade Bogdanović, Gordan Vidović, Suvad Katana and many others had days earlier went abroad to escape the horror of war leaving it up to junior players to play out remaining rounds of the championships. However all of Zeljeznicar's matches in the 2nd half of the 1991–92 season were declared void due to rule, as the club could not play out remaining matches due to ensuing war. In 25 (out of possible 33) rounds completed, the club collected 6 wins, 4 draws and 15 losses, with a 22:42 goal difference.

The stadium was right on the front lines, and on 7 May 1992 the western side was destroyed along with SD Željezničar premises near by,[8] however Željezničar managedtickets your fellow roomies during play. WithOUT Time-Intensive Courses, Monte casino beerfest tickets to Quit Your Job, or Gambling In Beerfesr Casino of Wall Street. Investigators on Sunday were probing the background of a 20-year-old Frenchman born in Russia who killed one man download bodog poker for mac wounded mlb draft 2016 slot values other people during a stabbing sora equipment slots, with sources close to the case saying he had been on a … In the world today, Netflix has turned out monte casino beerfest tickets be one of the most well known and most patronized online streaming devices. Its popularity increases every beerfets, and they currently boast of over 26 blackjack unlimited regeln users all monte casino beerfest tickets the world. Do you struggle to control


as the longtail, but probably more common here in Chester County.

The state agency charged with protecting and managing salamanders, as well as all other amphibians, reptiles, and, of course, fish, is the Pennsylvania Fish and Boat Commission (PFBC). Check the PFBC’s website, and you’ll find Sal’s nutshell profile.

Advertisement

“There are seven different families of salamanders in North America. As a group, salamanders are secretive and nocturnal. All need moisture to survive. Their skin is smooth and must remain moist. Even the so-called terrestrial species can live only in areas that are moist or damp.”

The PFBC maintains very extensive regulations when it comes to these creatures. For example, although I set Sal free a few moments after completing my mini photo shoot, my possession of this particular salamander was totallyJuly 31 with an annual limit of one each along with a host of other regulations that can be found on page 31 of the PFBC Regulation Digest.

Personally, I’ll leave poisonous snake hunts to the so-called experts and stick with the more finger-friendly, fangless salamander.

Unfortunately, but not surprisingly given all the pollutants we continue to dump into our air and water, Sal and her amphibian brethren find themselves in big trouble today. A recent study published in the scientific journal PLOS ONE indicates that populations of our amphibians – salamanders, frogs, and toads – continue to decline at an alarming rate. The decade-long study indicated that, in some cases, threatened species were disappearing from their habitats at an alarming rate of almost 12 percent each year. The study


Proliferation in African breast cancer: biology and prognostication in nigerian breast cancer material.
Three hundred cases of invasive breast carcinoma from the University of Calabar Teaching Hospital, Nigeria were subjected to evaluation of proliferative activity by mitotic counts. The prognostic significance and association with other prognostic factors were evaluated. The mitotic activity was expressed as mitotic activity index (MAI), and standardized mitotic index (SMI). Pearson's correlation and univariate and multivariate Cox's regression were used. The mean follow-up time was 25.9 months. The mean values of SMI and MAI were 42.6 mitotic figures per square millimeter and 30.5 mitotic figures per 10 high-power fields, respectively, and these were much higher than values reported for Europe or other Western countries. The SMI had a positive correlation with tumor size (r =paradigms of representation within the Commonwealth, the attorneys at the State System are general practitioners who represent all facets of university operations as opposed to a narrow area of expertise.

The State System also uses the services of several outside firms for support in more specialized areas such as labor relations, immigration, taxation, workers compensation, and civil rights litigation. In addition, as a Commonwealth agency, the State System is formally represented by the Office of Attorney General in cases involving personal injury and employment discrimination as required by the Commonwealth Attorneys Act.


body γ-radiations was also monitored. Administration of the extract significantly increased the activities of major enzymes of the antioxidant defense system specially SOD, catalase and GPx and levels of GSH in 2, 6 and 10 Gy irradiated mice and decreased the formation MDA. The extract also decreased DNA strand breaks. The survival rate was found to be increased up to 5%. These studies highlight the role of A. calamus extract as good source of natural radioprotecting agent and its therapeutic implications for radiation-induced injuries.a few days ago." She rested her hand on his forearm and gazed up into his face, smiling. "I've been taking care of you. I never would have thought I'd get to meet the great Ridgewalker Zirkander. It's been an honor to tend your wounds."

Her flattery almost distracted him from the rest of what she had said. Trappers. He had doubted his ability to tell the seasons, but he was positive it wasn't winter—at this altitude, the valley would be smothered with snow if that were true. But didn't trappers work in the winter? When animal fur was thick? Lieutenant Duck would know.

"Uhm." He debated questioning her, questioning her _story_ , but maybe he had better keep his mouth shut until he had more of a feel for


and Pimples' help. They didn't exactly know they were helping. He has them guarding her a couple of miles from the city._

_Cas is here?_ Tolemek asked, a mix of emotions filling him, concern that she was so close when there were dragons around—including an ally who wanted to betray them—but also anticipation that she might be close enough to help. Quataldo's plan might get them onto the airship, but getting off with the emperor—or even without the emperor—seemed an impossible task without fliers to come pick them up. Even then, he couldn't guess how they could avoid being shot down without a sorceress to protect them from bullets. He pushed a hand through his hair. How had he allowed himself—and his sister—to get caught up in all ofchallenging to do and there’s tremendous disagreement about the degree of impact. So no, I would not agree that it’s a primary contributor to the, to the global warming that we see. But we don’t know that yet, as far as, we, we need, we need to continue the debate, continue the review and the analysis."

As we have written, Pruitt and others in President Trump’s Cabinet have taken the position lately that the climate is changing and humans have contributed, but they have said that scientists can’t measure or don’t understand human impact precisely. As we’ve said, scientists can measure that impact with varying levels of certainty and precision.

This time Pruitt went a little further when he disagreed that “human activity,” or CO2 emissions, is a “primary contributor.”


as if they had been straddling the double yellow at 65 MPH with a gin and tonic in one hand and their left leg hanging out the window.

The courts have said that drinking x amount of alcohol not only defines impairment  it also amounts to intent to drive drunk, whether youre driving or not. And that intent  imputed, perceived, ginned-up out of nothingness  is what matters.

Is it really a great leap to imagine that political speech  hatriolic speech, as it is being styled  will soon be treated the same way? That to say or even to think something  anything  that smacks of criticism of government and its flunkies will shortly be regarded as tantamount to shooting people?

Gun laws  and theinto gadgets and giving the key to opening them only to their owners for many reasons; the main one is to allow these people to completely control their devices and their data. The whole point of encrypting something is that someone else doesn’t get to look at it, including the company that made the device, or the app, or whatever service you’re using, because that weakens security.

The FBI keeps pushing and pushing, and we get why. They need results in their work, just like everyone else does. And they can’t get those results if they don’t have access to all the data. It’s frustrating, but this battle is at a standstill. What the FBI wants, the tech world can’t deliver without breaking people’s trust. And there’s nothing to


bases for the crypto systems of today, Steve Bellovin, USENET co-creator, Paul Kocher, cryptographer, and Bruce Schneier, security guru, signed the letter.

More specifically, they want to find out “with whom the bureau has been consulting and which cryptographic experts believe an exceptional access system can be built securely.”

They go on to explain that introducing backdoors into software is a flawed policy that would harm American security, liberty, and economy. “Just because a non-technical person believes that such a system can be developed does not make it so. In fact, and as your letter notes, many experts have warned that security would be weakened by exceptional access mechanisms,” the letter reads.

Whether the FBI will make a move and reveal the names remains to be seen, but it is quiteThis Sunday, cord cutters around the country will participate in the grandest tradition of the year: trying to figure out how to stream the Super Bowl online. Well, we have your answer, sports fans. Here’s how to stream the big game at home over the internet, to whatever device you want to watch on.

This year, CBS is pulling out the big guns with a wide array of ways to stream the main event. Live streaming on mobile devices is limited to Verizon Wireless customers, but everyone else can watch the game—including the halftime show—online through one of several options:

Web: CBS Sports will have a stream here

CBS Sports will have Set top boxes: If you have an Apple TV, Android TV, or Roku box, you can watch the game


his mind because of the divisive and adversarial way Government Ministers have pushed the proposal and the poorly researched sound-bite analysis they have provided in support of the proposal.

For example, Oram considers that National could have transparently started the debate at the 2008 election by outlining the proposal then. Instead it was deliberately vague about its mining intentions. So there is no real electoral mandate for the proposal.

Also, the estimated total mineral value, $194 billion, is so 'back of the envelope' that it is not a rational basis for any debate on weighing up the costs, risk and benefits of additional mining. Oram considers this is because Brownlee only takes advice from mining industry insiders.

Oram also thinks that claims of 'surgical' mining have not been credibly backed upderive a lower bound on negative log likelihood. Moreover, we will show that if changing the prior can improve the log likelihood, then there is a way to change the likelihood function instead and attain the same log likelihood, and thus rate-distortion theory is of relevance to both optimizing priors as well as optimizing likelihood functions. We will experimentally argue for the usefulness of quantities derived from rate-distortion theory in latent variable modeling by applying them to a problem in image modeling.'
author:
- |
    Luis A. Lastras-Montaño\
    IBM Research AI\
    Yorktown Heights, NY, 10598, USA\
    `lastrasl@us.ibm.com`
bibliography:
- 'references.bib'
title: |
    Information Theoretic Lower Bounds on\
    Negative Log Likelihood
---

Introduction
============

A statistician plans to use a


article is laying down a firm foundation that we can use to build towards the program above. We start by proving the fundamental equivalence between these two fields by using simple convexity arguments, avoiding the variational calculus arguments that had been used before. We then take an alternate path to proving (\[eq:p1\]) also involving simple convexity arguments inspired by earlier results in rate-distortion theory.

We then focus on what is a common problem - instead of improving a prior for a fixed likelihood function, improve the likelihood function for a fixed prior but for a fixed prior. Interestingly, rate-distortion theory still is relevant to this problem, although the question that we are able to answer with it is smaller in scope. Through a simple change of variable argument, wewill argue that if the negative log likelihood can be improved by modifying the prior, exactly the same negative log likelihood can be attained by modifying the likelihood function instead. Thus if rate-distortion theory predicts that there is scope for improvement for a prior, the same holds for the likelihood function but conversely, while rate-distortion theory can precisely determine when it is that a prior can no longer be improved, the same cannot be said for the likelihood function.

Finally, we test whether the lower bound derived and the corresponding fundamental quantity $c(z)$ are useful in practice when making modeling decisions by applying these ideas to a problem in image modeling for which there have been several recent results involving Variational Autoencoders.

Technical preliminaries
=======================

In our treatment, we will use notation


$\nu(x) > 0$ $$\begin{aligned}
-\log \int p(z) \ell(x|z)^{\alpha} dz &\geq& -\log \nu(x) + 1 -  \int p(z) \frac{\ell(x|z)^{\alpha}}{\nu(x)} dz.\end{aligned}$$ \[lemma:cool\]

Taking the expectation with respect to $X$ in Lemma \[lemma:cool\] we obtain $$\begin{aligned}
-E_X \log \int p(z) \ell(X|z)^{\alpha} dz &\geq& - E_X \log \nu(X) + 1 -  \int p(z) E_X \left[ \frac{\ell(X|z)^{\alpha}}{\nu(X)} \right] dz \end{aligned}$$ For *any* $\tau(x) > 0$, if you substitute $\nu(x) = \tau(x) \int p(z) E_X \left[ \frac{\ell(X|z)^{\alpha}}{\tau(X)}  \right]dz$ then we obtain $$\begin{aligned}
-E_{X} \left[ \log \int p(z) \ell(X|z)^{\alpha} dz \right] &\geq& - E_{X} \left[ \log \tau(X) \right]  - \log \left(  \int p(z) E_{X} \left[ \frac{\ell(X|z)^{\alpha}}{\tau(X)} \right] dz \right)\end{aligned}$$ We now eliminate any dependence on $p(z)$ on the right hand side by taking the $\sup$, and then take the $\min$ over $p(z)$ on bothoptimal $p(z)$ the $\sup$ in Theorem \[thm:lb\] is exactly zero and the lower bound matches exactly with the trivial upper bound (\[eq:p1ub\]).

The reader may be wondering: what if we don’t know $p(x_i)$ exactly? We reinforce that $p(x_i)$ represents not the *true model*, but rather the proposed model for the data. Still, when performing variational inference, the most typical result is that we know how to evaluate exactly a *lower bound* to $p(x_i)$ (this is true when we are using the Evidence Lower Bound or importance sampling [@DBLP:journals/corr/BurdaGS15]). In that case, you obtain an *upper bound* to the gap $\sup_{z} c(z)$ (see (\[eq:c\]) for the definition of $c(z)$). If the statistician wants to get a tighter bound, she can simply increase the number of samples in the importance sampling


this article of practical consequence? The way we intend to answer this question is to pose a hypothetical situation involving a specific image modeling problem where there has been a significant amount of innovation in the design of priors and likelihood functions, and then to see if our lower bound, or quantities motivated by the lower bound, can be used, without the benefit of hindsight to help guide the modeling task.

We stress that it makes little sense to choose an “optimal" likelihood function or “optimal" prior if the resulting model overfits the training data. We have taken specific steps to ensure that we do not overfit. The methodology that we follow, borrowed from [@DBLP:journals/corr/TomczakW17], involves training a model with checkpoints, which store the best model found from theGlossy statistics for our experiments - test NLL in nats. Lower is better. $L$ denotes the number of stochastic layers.[]{data-label="tab:glossy"}

& NLL &

  ----------
    glossy
   max stat
  ----------

  : Glossy statistics for our experiments - test NLL in nats. Lower is better. $L$ denotes the number of stochastic layers.[]{data-label="tab:glossy"}

&

  ----------
    glossy
   std stat
  ----------

  : Glossy statistics for our experiments - test NLL in nats. Lower is better. $L$ denotes the number of stochastic layers.[]{data-label="tab:glossy"}

\
VAE & standard & 3295.07 & 167.8 & 324.5 & 13812.19 & 198.1 & 1325.3\
& VampPrior & 3286.61 & 69.5 & 348.9 & 13817.33 & 628.1 & 1303.9\
HVAE & standard & 3149.11 & 127.3 & 475.3 & 13400.96 &


we showed how some classical results in latent variable modeling can be seen as relatively simple consequences of results in rate-distortion function computation, and further argued that these results help in understanding whether prior or likelihood functions can be improved further (the latter with some limitations), demonstrating this with some experimental results in an image modeling problem. There is a large repertoire of tools, algorithms and theoretical results in lossy compression that we believe can be applied in meaningful ways to latent variable modeling. For example, while rate-distortion function computation is an important subject in information theory, the true crown jewel is Shannon’s famous source coding theorem; to-date we are not aware of this important result being connected directly to the problem of latent variable modeling. Similarly, rate-distortionthe estimate of the lower bound starts to approach the true negative log likelihood as the epochs progress - the gap between the upper and lower bounds is exactly $$\begin{aligned}
 \sup_{z \in \{0,1,\cdots,9\}} \log \left(  \frac{1}{N} \sum_{i=1}^{N} \frac{\ell(x_i|z)} {p(x_i)}   \right)
\label{eq:gap}\end{aligned}$$ which can be computed exactly since the latent variable space $\mathcal{Z}$ is finite. The figure also overlays on a second axis the square root of the glossy variance statistic which we may also call the glossy std statistic.

What we were hoping to show is that the statistics initially show a large potential margin for improvement which eventually shows convergence. As we can see from the Figure, this intuition is confirmed. The gap between upper and lower bounds (\[eq:gap\]) starts large, but does improve significantly as


have more than 3 pieces, please contact the supplier directly to make an alternative arrangement

Each traveler is allowed a maximum of 1 suitcase and 1 carry-on bag. Over-sized or excessive luggage (e.g. surfboards, golf clubs or bikes) may have certain restrictions, please inquire with the operator prior to travel to confirm if your excess luggage is acceptable

The duration of transfers are approximate, the exact duration will depend on the time of day and traffic conditions

Infant seats are available on request if advised at time of booking. Hawaii law states children under 7 must be in a car-seat. Seats are available for an additional cost.The present invention relates to a non-invasive pulse oximetry intrauterine sensor.
Pulse oximetry is typically used to measure various blood flow characteristics including, but not limited to, the blood-oxygen saturation of hemoglobin in arterial blood, the volume of individual blood pulsations supplying the tissue, and the rate of blood pulsations corresponding to each heartbeat of a patient. Measurement of these characteristics has been accomplished by use of a non-invasive sensor which passes light through a portion of the patient's tissue where blood perfuses the tissue, and photoelectrically senses the absorption of light in such tissue. The amount of light absorbed is then used to calculate the amount of blood constituent being measured.
The light passed through the tissue is selected to be of one or more wavelengths that are absorbed


only one year of the Rams’ NFC rights in L.A., having outbid CBS for that package, and leaving CBS with the AFC.

Whatever the situation, an NFL team in Los Angeles creates more value in the TV contracts that add up to about $5 billion per year from Fox, CBS, NBC and ESPN (the three network deals go through 2022; ESPN’s deal expires in 2021).

A compromise in the current three-game Sunday (plus NBC’s Sunday night and ESPN’s Monday night) wouldn’t go over well for L.A.-based NFL viewers.

“Generally, it’s a positive for the league to be in the second-largest TV market,” said CBS Sports chief Sean McManus. “In some ways it’s advantageous to CBS if there is an AFC team, so we are in a wait-and-see situation.”

An FM suggestion

The Ramsare going to need to find a radio home. Why not break through the mentality that it has to be a strictly AM base and do more on the FM side?

All-sports stations KLAC-AM (570), KSPN-AM (710) and even KLAA-AM (830) have contractual hurdles already for doing games involving the Dodgers, Angels, Lakers, Ducks, USC and UCLA that could affect a Rams’ broadcast. KLAC has also been the L.A. base for Chargers games in recent years and has the ability to farm games out to sister station KEIB-AM (1150).

This AM landscape is something the Clippers are currently mulling over as they likely seek a new radio home in the wake of the sale of KFWB-AM (980).

KABC-AM (790), which carries the Kings this season, or KFI-AM (640) could be credible


Tune in every Monday to hear what’s coming soon with Joseph Fisher, every Wednesday to hear new releases from Elliot Miller, and every Friday for the Kickstarter Report from Paul Owen – plus Roger Hicks in each show with breaking news from the boardgame community.and adviser to institutional investors for CFRA Research in Maryland, said injunctions are much more important in these legal battles than monetary awards. Still, he said, the verdict shows that Apple's narrative was persuasive to a second jury drawn from Silicon Valley.

"A jury award on the high end of the range is a modestly positive signal for Apple," Rodelli said.

Colleen Allen, the jury forewoman, said Apple did not enjoy a home field advantage from having the trial so close to the iPhone maker's headquarters in Cupertino. Both companies are global players, she said, and while Apple engineers may be based in Northern California, its products are manufactured overseas.

The jurors based their decision on the evidence, said Allen, a 36-year old nurse.

"Samsung could've come up with a little more


nephews and a host of friends.She was preceded in death by her parents, Obie and Minnie Godwin.Pallbearers are Ronald Paul Robinson, Daniel Robinson, Cory Rigdon, Mason Bufkin, Joe Giles, Eli Alexander, Lynn Latham, and Benton Latham.Family and friends may sign the online memorial, leave a note for the family, or order flowers at jamesfwebb.com

O God our Father, Creator of all the living,

we entrust to Your gentle care

all those we love who have gone before us;

and have gone to their rest in the hope of rising again. . . .

Eternal rest, grant unto Margie Faye Godwin Robinson, O Lord,

and let perpetual light shine upon her.

May the souls of the faithful departedthrough the mercy of God rest in peace. Amen.

Friday, November 24, 2017

Monday, November 6, 2017

A memorial service for CharlesMemories

Birthday Calendar

FaceBook Page for Class of '58

Big thanks to Al Trussell who has created a FaceBook page for our class. Al says: "This group is for all Graduates of Meridian MS High School Class of 1958, Graduates of 3 or 4 years before or after are welcome to join. . . .
CLICK HERE to go to page.


on the eye tracking device throughout the experiment. The eye tracker was calibrated to control for the participant's gaze position and headphones were adjusted.

The experiment started with an instruction appearing on the screen, informing the participant that the experiment would start and to sit quietly, keep their eyes in the direction of a fixation cross that would appear in the middle of the screen, and neither move nor speak. The experiment started with the grey fixation cross appearing on a black screen. This cross remained on the screen throughout the experiment.

Subsequent to phase 1, the experimenter took the participant's hand and placed it in the water bucket. After three minutes, the experimenter removed the hand, dried it with a towel and placed it on the table again. The14 (25)         18 (33)         15 (31)         17 (36)
  Subjective Ratings for Unpleasantness                              6.37 (1.30)                                     0.89 (0.87)

*Eye Lid Distance - blink*: distance covered as percent of baseline distance; *Eye Lid Distance - baseline*: pixel; *Heart Rate:*


3*v**3. Give z(8).
-7
Let q(d) = -14 + 5*d**2 + d**3 + 16*d + 12 - 23*d**2 + 9. What is q(17)?
-10
Let a = 2 - 5. Let k = -3 + 6. Let n(v) = -5 + k*v - 2*v + 3. What is n(a)?
-5
Let k = 252 - 180. Suppose -2*f = -4, k = 5*x + f - 0*f. Suppose w = -3*j - x - 1, -5*w + 21 = -j. Let q(i) = -i**2 - 7*i + 6. Give q(j).
12
Suppose 0 = 29*k - 32*k. Suppose 5*n = -k*a - a + 6, n - 2*a - 10 = 0. Let b(f) = 3*f**2 - 2*f - 1. Give b(n).
7
Let a(b) = -13*b**2 - 7*b + 6. Let d(g) = 11*g**2 + 6*g -a series of stiff challenges. Canada will share a group with 23rd-ranked Namibia, No. 14 Italy, No. 5 South Africa, and top-ranked New Zealand.

Loading... Loading... Loading... Loading... Loading... Loading...

Jones recognizes an infusion of MLR players won’t close the gap between Canada and the All-Blacks, who have never been ranked below third worldwide. But he plans to use this upcoming tournament to identify strengths and weaknesses heading into a crucial pre-World Cup prep period. Jones says roughly 20 of the 31 spots on the World Cup roster are settled, and players can fill the remaining slots with strong play next week.

“There are some players in this tournament that I just want to see more of,” Jones said. “Some players performed really well in MLS (and) deserve an opportunity. I


body contact with a series of environmental cues (such as ultra-violet radiation and pollution), and lifestyle choices including (but not limited to) diet, smoking, status of concurrent diseases (e.g. diabetes), exercise and alcohol consumption \[[@B3-molecules-20-17309]\]. Free radical accumulation, when above threshold level in the body, can cause cellular oxidative damage to important macromolecules such as proteins, lipids and deoxy nucleic acid (DNA), eventually leading to many chronic diseases such as cancer, aging and neurodegenerative disorders \[[@B4-molecules-20-17309]\], and other degenerative diseases in humans \[[@B2-molecules-20-17309]\]. The biologically relevant consequences of ultra-violet-A (UVA) exposure therefore include mainly photo-ageing and photocarcinogenesis \[[@B5-molecules-20-17309]\].

*Helichrysum niveum* (L.) Less. (*H. niveum*) (synonyms; *Gnaphalium niveum* L., *Helichrysum ericifolium* Less. *var. metalasioides* (DC.) Harv., *Helichrysum metalasioides* (DC.) is an indigenous plant widely distributed along the Western Cape coasthad previously documented scientific data on the biological application of South African *Helichrysum teretifolium* constituents as modulators of oxidative stress and skin aging \[[@B16-molecules-20-17309]\]. The preliminary screening of the total extract of *H*. *niveum* showed very strong anti-oxidative capacity and an interesting chemical profile in the TLC analysis. Accordingly, we prioritized this plant extract and submitted it to phytochemical studies. The objective of this work was also directed to investigate the secondary metabolites of a methanol extract of *H. niveum* with a particular focus on the phenolic compounds and investigate them for possible total antioxidant capacity, as well as the tyrosinase, elastase and cholinesterase inhibitory activities.

2. Results and Discussion {#sec2-molecules-20-17309}
=========================

The presence of terpenes and high amount of phenolics was first recognized by preliminary thin layer chromatographic screening of


*S* configuration of C-8 \[[@B18-molecules-20-17309]\]. The forgoing data established the chemical structure of **2** as 1-benzoyl-3(2*S*-hydroxyl-3-methylbut-3-enyl)-phloroglucinol (helinivene B).

Compound **3** was obtained as a pale amorphous powder with similar spectroscopic data of phloroglucinol derivatives like **1** and **2**. It showed UV (MeOH) λ~max~ 314 nm, while IR (KBr) spectrum showed bands of a hydroxyl group (3300 cm^−1^), and carbonyl (1629 cm^−1^). The molecular formula of **3** was determined to be C~15~H~20~O~5~, which require six degree of unsaturation \[*m*/*z* 279.1596\]. The NMR data showed signals of 1-methyl-1-propanone side chain ([Table 1](#molecules-20-17309-t001){ref-type="table"} and [Table 2](#molecules-20-17309-t002){ref-type="table"}), an aromatic proton at 5.99 s, and two oxygenated carbons at 80.0, 69.2, one of them showed a proton at δ~H~ 3.81, cyclic methylene group at δ~H~ 2.87, 2.51. The conjugated carbonyl and the aromatic ringCu^2+^) being bivalent in nature. The results obtained in [Table 4](#molecules-20-17309-t004){ref-type="table"} demonstrated a less potent inhibition against elastase (with IC~50~ ranged 25.31--69.61 µg/mL), in comparison to oleanolic acid (IC~50~ 10.08 ± 8.47 µg/mL). No scientific report has pointed out the reason for such activity, except previous data indicating a less potent activity of the non-prenylated acylphloroglucinol against inhibition of the release of leukocyte elastase \[[@B34-molecules-20-17309]\]. None of the compounds demonstrated activity against acetylcholinesterase except at a high concentration of 250.00 µg/mL, possibly due to the absence of nitrogen atom-containing compounds in our isolated products \[[@B35-molecules-20-17309]\].

molecules-20-17309-t004_Table 4

######

Enzyme inhibitory effect of a methanolic extract of *H. niveum* and its constituents.

  Sample           Inhibitory Activities (IC~50~ ± % STDEV; µg/mL)


temperature, blended and extracted with methanol (2.5 L × 2) at room temperature (25 °C) for 48 h. The methanol extract was evaporated till dryness under reduced pressure at 40 °C to yield 15.0 g (3.75%).

3.5. Fractionation and Isolation of Constituents Using Semi-Prep HPLC {#sec3dot5-molecules-20-17309}
---------------------------------------------------------------------

The total extract (15 g) was applied to a silica gel column and eluted using a gradient of hexane:ethyl acetate: methanol in the order of increasing polarity which resulted in 48 fractions (500 mL each). Fractions collected were combined according to their thin layer chromatographic (TLC) profiles to yield seventeen main fractions labeled I--XVII.

The main fraction XI (1.6 g) was chromatographed on a silica gel column using a gradient of hexane:ethyl acetate (1:0--1:1) (*v*/*v*). Sub fraction XI-6 (340 mg) was re-chromatographed on Sephadex usingdetect and grade diabetic retinopathy in comparison to retinal photographs taken by a conventional mydriatic fundus camera.

The effectiveness of any screening tool is assessed by its sensitivity and specificity. The sensitivity and specificity of retinal imaging using FOP for any DR was very high (92.7% and 98.4%) and for STDR was also high (87.9% and 94.9%) respectively. In a recent publication by Russo et al \[[@pone.0138285.ref020]\], comparing smartphone photography using an adapter (D Eye) and slitlamp biomicroscopy for grading of DR, the kappa agreement was 0.78. In our study the kappa agreement was higher at 0.90 for any DR. The kappa agreement for DME in the Russo study \[[@pone.0138285.ref020]\] and our study are similar. Mydriatic fundus photography which provides reasonably good image quality could be one of the


that a smartphone based retinal imaging system, the fundus on phone is reasonably sensitive and specific in detecting diabetic retinopathy of varying severity and can be tried as an effective screening tool for diabetic retinopathy. The combination of affordability, portability, easy transmission of images and other features of this fundus on phone system provide a platform not only for in-clinic use but also for planning mass DR screening programs in India and other low and middle income countries.

We acknowledge the help of all the optometrists at DMDSC, especially Ms. Seetha and other eye technicians, for performing the digital retinal colour photography and Ms. Valli in recruitment of the patients in the study. We acknowledge Remidio Innovative solutions for providing the fundus on phone (FOP) camera for conducting theGENERATED BY THE COMMAND AT THE TOP; DO NOT EDIT

func ptrace(request int, pid int, addr uintptr, data uintptr) (err error) {
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		err = errnoErr(e1)
	}
	return
}

// THIS FILE IS GENERATED BY THE COMMAND AT THE TOP; DO NOT EDIT

func reboot(magic1 uint, magic2 uint, cmd int, arg string) (err error) {
	var _p0 *byte
	_p0, err = BytePtrFromString(arg)
	if err != nil {
		return
	}
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	use(unsafe.Pointer(_p0))
	if e1 != 0 {
		err = errnoErr(e1)
	}
	return
}

// THIS FILE IS GENERATED BY THE COMMAND AT THE TOP; DO NOT EDIT

func mount(source string, target string, fstype string, flags uintptr, data *byte) (err error) {
	var _p0 *byte
	_p0, err = BytePtrFromString(source)
	if err != nil {
		return
	}
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	_p1, err = BytePtrFromString(target)
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EDIT

func Seek(fd int, offset int64, whence int) (off int64, err error) {
	r0, _, e1 := Syscall(SYS_LSEEK, uintptr(fd), uintptr(offset), uintptr(whence))
	off = int64(r0)
	if e1 != 0 {
		err = errnoErr(e1)
	}
	return
}

// THIS FILE IS GENERATED BY THE COMMAND AT THE TOP; DO NOT EDIT

func Select(nfd int, r *FdSet, w *FdSet, e *FdSet, timeout *Timeval) (n int, err error) {
	r0, _, e1 := Syscall6(SYS_PSELECT6, uintptr(nfd), uintptr(unsafe.Pointer(r)), uintptr(unsafe.Pointer(w)), uintptr(unsafe.Pointer(e)), uintptr(unsafe.Pointer(timeout)), 0)
	n = int(r0)
	if e1 != 0 {
		err = errnoErr(e1)
	}
	return
}

// THIS FILE IS GENERATED BY THE COMMAND AT THE TOP; DO NOT EDIT

func sendfile(outfd int, infd int, offset *int64, count int) (written int, err error) {
	r0, _, e1 := Syscall6(SYS_SENDFILE, uintptr(outfd), uintptr(infd), uintptr(unsafe.Pointer(offset)), uintptr(count), 0, 0)
	written = int(r0)
	if e1 != 0 {
		err = errnoErr(e1)
	}
	return
}

// THIS FILE IS GENERATED BY THE COMMAND AT THE TOP; DODebut Gravure System Such Course Not Stuffy - Video Scene 1

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Mirek Topolánek and Jan Fischer during the 2009 summits).

As of 2017, leaders from the following nations have been invited to the G20 summits: Azerbaijan, Benin, Brunei, Cambodia, Chad, Chile, Colombia, Egypt, Equatorial Guinea, Ethiopia, Guinea, Kazakhstan, Laos, Malawi, Malaysia, Mauritania, Myanmar, the Netherlands, New Zealand, Nigeria, Norway, the Philippines, Poland, Senegal, Singapore, Spain, Switzerland, Thailand, the United Arab Emirates, Vietnam, and Zimbabwe.

Permanent guest invitees

G20 Agenda

Financial focus
The initial G20 agenda, as conceived by US, Canadian and German policy makers, was very much focused on the sustainability of sovereign debt and global financial stability, in an inclusive format that would bring in the largest developing economies as equal partners. During a summit in November 2008, the leaders of the group pledged to contribute trillions to international finance organizations, including thefavourite. On my lips I used MAC Velvet Teddy however you could use whatever you like!

For the evening look I simply added shadow 12 into the outer corner and the outer part of my crease, I then blended it out to make it as seamless as possible and to really deepen my eyes. For liner I used shadow 11 across the top lash line just to keep it looking nice and smokey. I used Amazing Shine Lashes in 43 because they're very natural looking but still add that little flutter I like. On the lower lash line I added some more of shadow 12 to the first third to smoke it out some more. To finish this look I used a Kiko lipstick in Wine to give a


against human cancer.

[Clark et al.](https://doi.org/10.3389/fgene.2015.00269) have demonstrated that BRCA1 inactivation in pig cells promotes transformation and thus serves as a model for human cancers. The authors established an immortalized porcine breast cell line and stably inactivated BRCA1 using miRNA. The cell line developed the characteristics of breast cancer stem cells and exhibited a transformed phenotype. These results validate the concept of using pigs as a model to study BRCA1 defects in breast cancer and establish the first porcine breast tumor cell line.

[Bourneuf](https://doi.org/10.3389/fgene.2017.00146) has reviewed melanoma genetics, discussing some of the most common mutations found in this type of tumor in humans. Examples of melanoma animal models have also been discussed, with emphasis on the porcine MeLiM model. This work suggests that the spontaneous tumor progression and regression occurring
619 F.3d 526 (2010)
Donald Ray MIDDLEBROOKS, Petitioner-Appellant,
v.
Ricky BELL, Warden, Respondent-Appellee.
No. 05-5904.
United States Court of Appeals, Sixth Circuit.
Argued: April 29, 2010.
Decided and Filed: September 1, 2010.
*529 ARGUED: Paul R. Bottei, Federal Public Defender's Office, Nashville, Tennessee, for Appellant. James E. Gaylord, Office of the Attorney General, Nashville, Tennessee, for Appellee. ON BRIEF: Paul R. Bottei, Gretchen L. Swift, Federal Public Defender's Office, Nashville, Tennessee, for Appellant. James E. Gaylord, Office of the Attorney General, Nashville, Tennessee, for Appellee.
Before: MOORE, CLAY, and GILMAN, Circuit Judges.

*530 OPINION
KAREN NELSON MOORE, Circuit Judge.
In 1989, a jury convicted Donald Middlebrooks of the 1987 kidnaping and murder of Kerrick Majors, a fourteen-year-old African-American youth, and sentenced Middlebrooks to death. The Tennessee Supreme Court affirmed the convictions but vacated the death sentence in 1992. In 1995,


1:10 a.m. on April 28, police investigators met Brewington at a doughnut shop several miles from the Gallatin Road area. Brewington directed the officers to the location of a knife with a brass knuckle handle, which was bloodstained. Dr. Harlan testified that this knife could have inflicted the deep stab wounds on the victim's body. Brewington also directed the police to a wooded area between Gallatin Road and Ellington Parkway in Nashville where, around 7:00 a.m. on April 28, Donald and Tammy Middlebrooks were apprehended at a small plywood shack. The defendant, who resisted the arresting officers, had a knife with him. He was arrested with the aid of police dogs, taken to the hospital for treatment of the dog bites, and later transported to police headquarters.
At 12:30out of his misery. In a previous statement, however, the defendant had said that he had stabbed Majors twice. The victim's ordeal began at 7:30 p.m. and ended at 11:00 p.m. that night with the stabbing.

*532 The next day, the defendant said he and Brewington went back to where they had left the body. Brewington kicked it and made the "X" lacerations at this time. The defendant said he then covered Majors with a foam mattress. The defendant admitted that before beating and killing Majors, he and Brewington had drunk alcohol and smoked marijuana.
The defendant presented no proof.
State v. Middlebrooks, 840 S.W.2d 317, 323-25 (Tenn.1992). On the basis of this evidence, the jury convicted Middlebrooks of felony murder and aggravated kidnaping but acquitted him of first-degree premeditated murder,


a reasonable doubt and that this evidence was not outweighed by evidence of mitigating factors.
Middlebrooks, 995 S.W.2d at 560.
To reiterate, we do not have occasion to decide whether these factors indicate that the prosecutor's comments were flagrant. Instead, we ask only whether the state court's conclusion that they were not flagrant was unreasonable, and to that question we answer "no." In reaching this conclusion, we note that we are constrained in part by Coe v. Bell, 161 F.3d 320 (6th Cir.1998), in which a panel of this court held that prosecutorial references to the Bible nearly identical to those in the instant case did not so taint the proceedings as to require reversal. See id. at 351. Accordingly, habeas relief is unwarranted.

III. CONCLUSION
For the foregoing reasons, we concludeionization front separating the ionized and neutral regions propagates into the neutral gas. The evolution of an expanding cosmological I-front in a uniform IGM is governed by the equation $$4\pi r_I^2n_{\nH}\left({{dr_I}\over{dt}}-Hr_I\right) =
S - {4\over3}\pi r_I^3 (1+2\chi) n_{\nH}^2\alpha_B, \label{eq:dridt}$$ (Shapiro 1986), where $r_I$ is the proper radius of the I-front, $n_{\nH}$ is the hydrogen density of the IGM, $H$ is the Hubble constant, $S$ is the number of ionizing photons emitted by the central source per unit time, $\alpha_B\simeq2.6 \times 10^{-13}T_4^{-0.845}$ cm$^3$ s$^{-1}$ is the recombination coefficient to the excited states of hydrogen, and $T_4$ is the gas temperature in units of $10^4\,$K. A helium to hydrogen cosmic abundance ratio $\chi=1/12$ is adopted, with both H and He fully ionized inside the region. The right hand side of equation (\[eq:dridt\]) is a


Meiksin 1991). In this case radiative recombinations within the region may be neglected on the right-hand side of equation (\[eq:dridt\]) (proportional to $r_{\rm St}^3-r_I^3$), to obtain at a short time after the turn-on epoch $z$ (corresponding to the redshift interval $\Delta z\ll 1+z$), $$r_I\approx (10.2\,{\rm Mpc}) \left({S\over 10^{57}\,{\rm s}^{-1}}\right)
^{1/3}h_{50}^{-1/3}\left({\Omega_{\rm IGM}h_{50}^2\over 0.05}\right)^{-1/3}
\left({1+z\over 7}\right)^{-11/6}\Delta z^{1/3}, \label{eq:rieq}$$ and $$v_I\approx (2.2\times 10^4{\kms})\left({S\over 10^{57}\,{\rm s}^{-1}}\right)
^{1/3}h_{50}^{2/3}\left({\Omega_{\rm IGM}h_{50}^2\over 0.05}\right)^{-1/3}
\left({1+z\over 7}\right)^{2/3}\Delta z^{-2/3}. \label{eq:vieq}$$ For comparison, the radius of the light front around each source is $$r_c\equiv c\Delta t\approx (46.3\,{\rm Mpc}) h_{50}^{-1}
\left({1+z\over 7}\right)^{-5/2}\Delta z.$$

Virialized Halos
----------------

In CDM dominated cosmologies, galactic mass halos will begin to collapse at high redshift ($z>5$). The hot gas in these halos will produce a soft X-ray background radiation field via thermal bremsstrahlung. We estimate the number of halos using the Press-Schechter formalism (Press &Schechter 1974), which should suffice for an order of magnitude estimate for systems on these scales.

The (proper) volume emissivity per unit frequency due to thermal bremsstrahlung radiation from isothermal, optically thin halos is $$\begin{aligned}
\epsilon_{\rm halo}(\nu) = (3.2\times10^{36}\emunits)
\int_0^\infty & dr_0 N(r_0,z)(1+z)^3 n_{\rm halo}^2(r_0) {{4\pi}\over3}r_v^3
T(r_0)^{-1/2} \nonumber \\ & \times \exp[-h\nu/kT(r_0)], \label{eq:eb_halo}\end{aligned}$$ where $N(r_0,z)$ is the number of halos per unit comoving volume per initial comoving size $r_0$ at redshift $z$, $n_{\rm halo}(r_0)$ is the internal hydrogen density of a halo, and $T(r_0)$ is its temperature. The hydrogen is assumed to be shock heated to the virial temperature and collisionally ionized. In spherical top-hat collapse, the temperature $T$ and radius $r_v$ of a virialized halo are related to $r_0$ by $kT(r_0)=1.4\mu m_{\rm H}(1+z_c)H_0^2
r_0^2$ and $r_0=5.6(1+z_c)r_v$, where $z_c$ is the collapse redshift


spin temperature to the kinetic temperature. One can show that, in the general case, the spin temperature may be written in the form (Field 1958) $$T_S={T_\CBR+y_\alpha T_\alpha+y_c T_K\over 1+y_\alpha+y_c}, \label{eq:tspinc}$$ where $$y_c\equiv{C_{10}\over A_{10}}{T_*\over T_K},$$ and $C_{10}$ is the rate of collisional de-excitation of the triplet level (cf. eqs. \[\[eq:tspin\]\] and \[\[eq:ya\]\]). Emission occurs for $${y_\alpha T_\alpha + y_c T_K \over y_\alpha + y_c}\approx T_K>T_\CBR,$$ and absorption otherwise. Unless the electron density is larger than a few percent of the hydrogen density, the collisional de-excitation rate is dominated by collisions with other hydrogen atoms through spin-exchange (Purcell & Field 1956). Allison & Dalgarno (1969) give a maximum de-excitation rate of $C_{10}/n_{\rm H}=3.3\times10^{-10}\ccps$ for $T_K<1000\kel$, with a value a factor 2.6 lower at $T_K=100\kel$. To couple the spin temperature toper photon. There are also a few free electrons for every photon, as recombinations are negligible. In contrast, the total energy available for heating (whether the photon is part of the continuum or due to recombinations) is, neglecting the energy lost to cosmological expansion, given by the photon energy multiplied by the fractional line width. This is typically 0.001 eV per photon. Therefore, at least of order one photon per atom is needed to raise the kinetic temperature of the IGM above $T_\CBR$. If we denote by $L_X$ the soft X-ray luminosity of a young galaxy (associated with, e.g., supernova remnants, X-ray binaries, etc.), then photoelectric heating will dominate over heating if $L_X/L_\alpha\gsim 10^{-4}$. As the typical observed value for $L^\star$ galaxies is $L_X/L_\alpha\sim
10^{-2}$ (e.g., Fabbiano 1989; Bennet


so efficient that the size of the warm zone will extend nearly to the light front. Note that, as the X-ray-heated bubbles around QSOs will survive as fossils even after the quasar has died, several generations $N_g$ of quasars may actually be responsible for preheating the entire IGM. For a typical QSO age of $t_Q\approx3\times10^8 N_g^{-1/3}$ yr, the required QSO comoving space density to heat the entire IGM to a temperature above that of the CBR by $z\approx 6$ is $\sim10^{-10}\mpc^{-3} N_g^{-1}$. By comparison, the comoving space density of bright QSOs at $z=4$ is $\sim 100N_g$ times larger (Warren, Hewett, & Osmer 1994). Note that, if all bright galaxies undergo a quasar phase, QSOs must have a very short lifetime, and $N_g\sim 100$. Soft X-rays from a fewthe sky corresponding to the diameter of the emitting region is $$2\theta={H_0 (1+z)^2r_c\over c(1+z-\sqrt{1+z})}\approx 2\,{\rm
degrees}.$$ The shell will have a characteristic radial double peaked profile, as the gas in its interior will be completely ionized, as shown in Figure 3b. The velocity difference across each peak, due to the Hubble flow, is $\Delta v=H_0(1+z)^{3/2}\Delta r\approx
10,000\kms$. Between the inner edges of the two peaks, $\Delta v$ is twice as large, since $\Delta r\approx r_I$ at this time. At $150\,$MHz, we would then observe two signals (the front and back of the shell) with flux density $$\delta S\approx (6~{\rm mJy\,}) h_{50}^{-1} \left({\Omega_{\rm
IGM}h_{50}^2\over 0.05}\right) \left({{1+z}\over 9}\right)^{-3/2}
\left({{\Delta\eta}\over 2.2}\right) \label{eq:dS}$$ (cf. eqs. \[\[eq:dT\]\] and \[\[eq:deta2\]\]), extending over and separated by about $5\,$MHz, nearly the entire bandwidth of the receiver. For a fixed velocity


projected spacings less than 45$\,$m.

An alternative strategy is to measure the total power by incoherent addition of the outputs of the 30 GMRT antennas, for which the effective collecting area will be $30\times 0.5$ that of one antenna. For observations at 150$\,$MHz the theoretical rms thermal noise of the GMRT output in incoherent mode is $\approx 1\,$mJy for the following parameters: $T({\rm sys})\sim 600\,$K, $A({\rm eff})\sim
1000\,$m$^2$ for 1 45-m dish, a bandwidth of $10,000\kms$ (5$\,$MHz), and 5-hr integration for each of the 2 frequency bands separated by about 5$\,$MHz (Swarup & Malik 1996). A comparison with equation (\[eq:dS\]) shows that $\sim 100\,$ hours of integration will be required to detect an individual shell at 5$\sigma_{\rm rms}$. This time is comparable to that proposed for searches for emission fromthe reach of the GMRT. Even if they reionized the IGM at an epoch accessible to the GMRT, however, these sources would be less thinly spread, and the characteristic structures in the IGM generated by them would be smaller and less detectable, so that an alternative observing strategy than the one discussed here would be required.

We acknowledge helpful conversations on the subject of this paper with P. Palmer, L. Spitzer, M. Voit, W. Watson, and M. White. We thank the referee, G. Swarup, for valuable comments which helped to clarify the detectability of a neutral IGM with the GMRT. P.M. and A.M. were supported in part by NSF grant PHY94-07194 to the ITP, University of California, Santa Barbara. A.M. is also grateful to the W. Gaertner fund for


412

White, S. D. M., Efstathiou, G., & Frenk, C. S. 1993, , 262, 1023

Wouthuysen, S. A. 1952, , 57, 31

[^1]: This is not strictly true in the presence of bright continuum sources of 21-cm radiation, such as radio-loud quasars (see § 3.5.).

[^2]: As shown by Rees (1985), the radiation pressure associated with trapped background photons is also unlikely to affect the condensing out of overdense regions of the IGM even in the linear regime.

[^3]: Provided that statistical equilibrium has been established between the singlet and triplet ground state levels. This is achieved on a timescale $\sim 5\times 10^4\,$yr by collisions with CBR photons.
anything to survive.

“Four walled-off little city-states, all crammed into Tevanne, all wildly different regions with their own schools, their own living quarters, their own marketplaces, their own cultures. These merchant house enclaves—the campos—took up about 80 percent of Tevanne.”

And Sancia Grado is one of the best thieves in Foundryside. Not only is she trained, but she also is harboring a secret that enhances everything that she is able to do, while also giving her abilities that no one else has. And this book starts out with her doing a mission for a payout that will completely change her life. But once she gets the item that she is heisting, her life changes more than she would have ever guessed.

“But if you didn’t work for a house, or weren’t


affiliated with them—in other words, if you were poor, lame, uneducated, or just the wrong sort of person—then you lived in the remaining 20 percent of Tevanne: a wandering, crooked ribbon of streets and city squares and in-between places—the Commons.”

The magic in this book is so damn well done. There are people who are able to perform scriving, which is a magic founded in words and language, where you can convince items to do certain tasks. Think a lock that refuses to unlock for anyone without a certain type of blood. Or think of an alarm system that only goes off when certain things happen. Or even think of a belt that tricks gravity itself so the wearing would be able to scale buildings. And these artifacts arewill eat or nibble on a wide range of sessile invertebrates, as well as small ornamental crustaceans, and would wreak havoc in such systems.

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About Jeff Kurtz

Jeff Kurtz is the Co-founder/Editor of Saltwater Smarts, former Senior Consulting Editor for Tropical Fish Hobbyist Magazine, and the aquarist formerly known as “The Salt Creep.” He has been an aquarium hobbyist for over 30 years and is an avid scuba diver.

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We collect similar butterflies here in New York in the late summer. Unfortunate fish get caught up in the Gulf Stream down south and hitch a ride up to Nova Scotia where they die or get eaten. Those fish are a


a small arc but the strong sunlight made the rainbow very bright.

This larger isolated shower looked promising, but as we got closer, the sun hid behind clouds.

Just as we got close and positioned the plane, the sun came out again and there it was! A full rainbow too big to fit in the 10mm lens!

As Peter lifted the right wing high, Debra took as many photos while the opportunity lasted. Here, a double rainbow was showing as the sun brightened.

Peter tipped the wing down toward the ground to show that rainbows keep on going in a circle and that there is no pot of gold at the end. We both agreed that this was the most awesome thing we have seen in the air.in a decreasingly sorted array of exceptions will have the highest value of the standardized residual. A residual approach however is limited since the user views actual data and not the residual details, therefore the interpretation and explanation of an exception is not always obvious to the user.
The process of determining and analyzing a multidimensional cube exception is quantitative, while the analyst would like to use a qualitative approach. The information that is viewed in a quantitative approach, such as the coefficient approach, can be overwhelming. This happens because the number of possible two-dimensional or three-dimensional views that spawn three or two dimensions from the OLAP multidimensional sub-cube increases steeply. The number of possible three-dimensional views for N dimensions are (N)*(Nxe2x88x921)*(Nxe2x88x922)/6 and two-dimensional views are (N)*(Nxe2x88x921)/2. For example,


views are used for analysis rather than to examine individual dimensions. This limits the amount of data that is used to determine trends in the data.
Missing values are not considered in current exception-related solutions. For example, in a dimension in which a portion of the cells have no value the coefficient approach or the residual approach may generate information that indicates a more significant exception than actually exists.
Another limitation in the current solutions is that a framework for assigning linguistic labels to an exception is not often provided. The information is presented in a quantitative manner instead of a qualitative manner. This limits data analysts from obtaining information about the value of the data that is presented.
From the foregoing it will be apparent that there is still aare clear indicators that Trump’s administation continues to drive grassroots activism. The Tax March is also just one of several protests scheduled to take place this month, including rallies in support of science and climate action.

The difference in crowd size between the Women’s March and the Tax March may be a function of the extent to which progressives perceive an immediate threat, and the scope of the event. The Women’s March was a chance to make a generalized statement of defiance to the incoming president. Trump’s tax returns are a more targeted focus.

“The reason the Women’s March was so big was that it was the first opportunity to stand up in resistance to the new administration. It was an explosive moment, like a cork popping out of a


one that both Democrats and Republicans care about, though Democrats seem to care more. In January, Pew Research Center found that 79 percent of Democrats said the president has a responsibility to publicly release his tax returns, compared to 38 percent of Republicans.

Even so, concern over the issue may have diminished over time. A Bloomberg/ Morning Consult poll conducted in April shows that 53 percent of voters believe the president should be required to disclose his tax returns, while 51 percent rank the issue as important. But as Time points out, that’s less than the 62 percent of voters who said that it was important for candidates to release their tax returns in a separate survey prior to the election.# [Bootstrap MaxLength](http://mimo84.github.com/bootstrap-maxlength/)

This plugin integrates by default with Twitter bootstrap using badges to display the maximum length of the field where the user is inserting text.
This plugin uses the HTML5 attribute "maxlength" to work.

The indicator badge show up on focusing on the element, and disappear when the focus is lost.

## Configurable options

 * **alwaysShow**: if true the threshold will be ignored and the remaining length indication will be always showing up while typing or on focus on the input. Default: false.
 * **threshold**: this is a number indicating how many chars are left to start displaying the indications. Default: 10.
 * **warningClass**: it's the class of the element with the indicator. By default is the bootstrap "badge badge-info" but can be changed to anything you'd like.
 *