with my dick." "Oh, Shapiro, don't worry about it." "It's okay." "I've done it, like, a hundred times." " I can teach you." " I'm down." "You sober yet?" " Probably." " Okay." "I think it's time for our first lesson." "Okay, now." "Just put it in." "Ow." "Ow..." "Slower, okay?" "Slower." "Yeah." "Now just move in..." "No fucking way." "Did you just come?" "You fucking came." "Oh, fuck." " Are you crying?" " No." "Oh, God." "We haven't stayed up all night in 10 years." "Yeah, we did." "We did?" "Yeah, we did." "New Year's Eve, four years ago." "Remember that coke that you found that we hid, from the '80s?" "Mmm?" "We did it." "We fucked like little bunny rabbits on the balcony." "Oh!" "We wokeschool year is rapidly approaching, as you know." "And..." "I miss you." " But I love you." " No, you don't." "Please, Kristen." "Don't leave me all alone." "I can't be all alone." "Cut the crap, Jeffrey." "You asked for it." "Stephanie?" "Are you leaving, too?" "No." "Stephie will be here for the next few weeks." "I'll deal with all the details when I'm back." "Details?" "Please, say something to your mother, Steph." "Jeffrey, leave her out of this." "Sweetheart, go to your fucking room." "It would be really cool to hang out or whatever before I go to school." "The school year is rapidly approaching, as you know." "I miss you." " Shapiro?" " What?" " Justin?" " Yo, why you calling me Shapiro?" "No reason." "How


Medical diagnostic imaging employing silver halide emulsions for X-radiation imaging can be divided into two categories: (1) direct X-ray imaging and (2) indirect X-ray imaging.
In the first approach a radiographic element is constructed with a silver halide emulsion layer coated on a support. The ability of the silver halide grains to absorb X-radiation during exposure is relied upon for imaging. When a single emulsion layer is employed for X-radiation capture, only about 1 percent of the exposing radiation is absorbed. The absorption can be doubled by coating two emulsion layers, one on each major face of a film support. Such elements are term "dual-coated" and are sold by the Eastman Kodak Company under the trademark "Duplitized".
In the second approach an intensifying screen is used in conjunction with aThe Best Im Blog Out There

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Methods To Produce A Lot Much more Money Using Facebook.

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        uint64
	Uninterruptible uint64
	Io_wait         uint64
}

const (
	CGROUPSTATS_CMD_UNSPEC        = 0x3
	CGROUPSTATS_CMD_GET           = 0x4
	CGROUPSTATS_CMD_NEW           = 0x5
	CGROUPSTATS_TYPE_UNSPEC       = 0x0
	CGROUPSTATS_TYPE_CGROUP_STATS = 0x1
	CGROUPSTATS_CMD_ATTR_UNSPEC   = 0x0
	CGROUPSTATS_CMD_ATTR_FD       = 0x1
)

type Genlmsghdr struct {
	Cmd      uint8
	Version  uint8
	Reserved uint16
}

const (
	CTRL_CMD_UNSPEC            = 0x0
	CTRL_CMD_NEWFAMILY         = 0x1
	CTRL_CMD_DELFAMILY         = 0x2
	CTRL_CMD_GETFAMILY       border on
the unclassifiable.
One of the good things about ‘Home Fries’ overall is that it’s tough to
describe without blowing some of the plot surprises right off the bat.
Suffice to say that Sally Jackson (Drew Barrymore), a resident of a
small Texas town, is all set for life as a young, unwed mother. Sally
simply cannot trust the daddy of her soon-to-be-born baby to be a
responsible parent, even before the father-to-be -- an older, married
man -- dies of a heart ...


create about a dozen user scenarios for a product I'm working on. These keep a high-level focus on user behaviors, rather than a detailed, granular, and technical focus on 350 small use cases.

"But where's the site map?"

One of the deliverables on a project was a site map that documented the navigation of the website, showing the top level all the way down to the third or fourth level. Our documentation was about five pages long, with about 10 to 30 "boxes" per page designating certain content categories. "This is a great diagram of the navigation," said the client, "but where is the site map?" For him, a site map meant a detailed description of every page in the site. For me it meant the high-level navigation.

Top 10 Ways
        OSType pixelFormatType = kCVPixelFormatType_32BGRA;

        CFNumberRef pixelFormatNumberRef = CFNumberCreate(kCFAllocatorDefault, kCFNumberSInt32Type, &pixelFormatType);

        CFDictionarySetValue(pixelBufferOptions, kCVPixelBufferCGImageCompatibilityKey, kCFBooleanFalse);
        CFDictionarySetValue(pixelBufferOptions, kCVPixelBufferCGBitmapContextCompatibilityKey, kCFBooleanFalse);
        CFDictionarySetValue(pixelBufferOptions, kCVPixelBufferPixelFormatTypeKey, pixelFormatNumberRef);

        CFRelease(pixelFormatNumberRef);

        _pixelBufferOptions = pixelBufferOptions;
    }

    return _pixelBufferOptions;
}

#pragma mark Helpers
+ (NSArray *)sdl_extractNalUnitsFromSampleBuffer:(CMSampleBufferRef)sampleBuffer {


CMBlockBufferGetDataPointer(blockBufferRef, 0, NULL, &blockBufferLength, &bufferDataPointer);

    // Loop through all the NAL units in the block buffer and write them to the elementary stream with start codes instead of AVCC length headers
    size_t bufferOffset = 0;
    static const int AVCCHeaderLength = 4;
    while (bufferOffset < blockBufferLength - AVCCHeaderLength) {
        // Read the NAL unit length
        uint32_t NALUnitLength = 0;
        memcpy(&NALUnitLength, bufferDataPointer + bufferOffset, AVCCHeaderLength);

        // Convert the length value from Big-endian to Little-endian
    Friday, March 25, 2011

Total Armor Kryptonite Collision Battle Pack

I found this Mattel Total Armor Kryptonite Collision Battle Pack at Toys 'R Us this morning- I was so thrilled wuth the Total Armor Batman & Joker I scored last night, that I pulled out my wallet for some more Brave & The Bold. And this one had a Superman! Joy!

I bought this set for the Superman & Batman in it, which I really like- Batman with a giant sword is hilarious in my opinion! I love the whimsical nature of these toys- they are made for play and are FUN, like a toy should be!

Two of the greatest- two of my favorites! This Batman is a little more conventional that my Stealth Wing Batman, but shares a similiar armored


1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, etc.).
In vitro, the enzyme can utilize a limited number of other RNA molecules besides the Q.beta. genome as templates. One such RNA template which has been relatively well studied is termed midivariant (MDV). MDV is significantly smaller than the Q.beta. RNA genome and was discovered as a naturally occurring product in Q.beta. replicase reactions. Significant effort has been invested in designing variants of MDV RNA which can serve as amplifiable reporter probes in nucleic acid hybridization assays.
In general terms, a reporter probe will serve two functions. It will contain a nucleotide sequence which permits it to hybridize specifically with a predetermined target nucleic acid, and it will contain a ligand of some sort which permits its detection in an assay. Common detectionseq.end()); \
  return out; \
}

OUTPUT_THREE_ARG_CONTAINER(std::set)
OUTPUT_THREE_ARG_CONTAINER(std::multiset)

#undef OUTPUT_THREE_ARG_CONTAINER

#define OUTPUT_FOUR_ARG_CONTAINER(Sequence) \
template<class T1, class T2, class T3, class T4> \
inline std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& out, \
                                const Sequence<T1, T2, T3, T4>& seq) { \
  @ac_google_namespace@::PrintSequence(out, seq.begin(), seq.end()); \
  return out; \
}

OUTPUT_FOUR_ARG_CONTAINER(std::map)
OUTPUT_FOUR_ARG_CONTAINER(std::multimap)
#ifdef GLOG_STL_LOGGING_FOR_UNORDERED
OUTPUT_FOUR_ARG_CONTAINER(std::unordered_set)
OUTPUT_FOUR_ARG_CONTAINER(std::unordered_multiset)
#endif
#ifdef GLOG_STL_LOGGING_FOR_TR1_UNORDERED
OUTPUT_FOUR_ARG_CONTAINER(std::tr1::unordered_set)
OUTPUT_FOUR_ARG_CONTAINER(std::tr1::unordered_multiset)
#endif
#ifdef GLOG_STL_LOGGING_FOR_EXT_HASH
OUTPUT_FOUR_ARG_CONTAINER(__gnu_cxx::hash_set)
OUTPUT_FOUR_ARG_CONTAINER(__gnu_cxx::hash_multiset)
#endif

#undef OUTPUT_FOUR_ARG_CONTAINER

#define OUTPUT_FIVE_ARG_CONTAINER(Sequence) \
template<class T1, class T2, class T3, class T4, class T5> \
inline std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& out, \
                                const Sequence<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5>& seq) {


can be based on the worst-case hardness of approximation the smoothing parameter to within $\tilde{O}(\sqrt{n})$. We also mention an easy implication to the complexity of the problem of approximating the covering radius.

#### Evidence for the conjecture.

First, as we show in Section \[sec:sanity\], the conjecture passes some basic sanity checks. For instance, it is true for natural families of lattices including “rectangular” lattices (or more generally, direct sum of lattices for which the conjecture holds) as well as random lattices. We also show there that a weaker bound on the number of lattice points is true (namely, with ${\mathrm{poly}}\log n$ replaced by $\sqrt{n}$).

Second, as we describe in Section \[sec:pisier\], the conjecture has a certain “continuous relaxation” which talks about volumes of sections instead of determinants of lattice subspaces. Somewhat surprisingly, thatrelaxation is known to be true and follows from a celebrated theorem by Milman and Pisier. This is the most non-trivial implication of the main conjecture that we know is true.

Finally, we believe that there are several approaches for proving the main conjecture itself that are worth exploring in more detail, including one based on additive combinatorics. We also tried exploring whether there are natural weaker variants of the conjecture that might be easier to prove. Those variants are described in Section \[sec:variants\], and some are quite natural in their own right. The variant described in Section \[sec:musmoothtight\] is particularly appealing, and we believe that it can be attacked using a Fourier analytic approach.

#### Related work.

There has been considerable work on the problem of bounding or counting the number of


main conjecture (and even more so when comparing the formal definitions, see Conjecture \[con:maineta\] and Conjecture \[conj:kl-l2\]). The difference is that our conjecture tries to capture the number of points in a ball (or to be precise, the smoothing parameter), whereas $\ell_2$ KL tries to capture the covering radius.

The first step in our proof is to bound from above the covering radius by a convex program we call $\mu_{\textnormal{sm}}$. Intuitively and informally, the convex program tries to find the “smallest” covariance matrix $A$ such that the distribution obtained by picking a random lattice point and adding a Gaussian random variable with covariance $A$ is close to uniform over ${\ensuremath{\mathbb{R}}}^n$. Here by smallest we mean the expected squared norm of a Gaussian with that covariance, which is simply $\operatorname*{\mathrm{tr}}(A)$. A Gaussianhis green caregiver's polo shirt. “Nothing I do satisfies her.”

Cam had seen him in the halls of the residence, but he wasn't one of the caregivers who tended to her great-uncle, Albert St. Pierre. The man glanced around the kitchen, which was empty except for the two of them.

“Where's Rosemary?” he snapped.

“The cook?” Cam asked. If Rosemary was who he wanted to kill, this could get dicey. Cam took a couple of steps back, until she neared the doorway.

The door next to Cam swung open, nearly whacking her. She stuck out her hand at the last minute. “Whoa.”

Ellie Kosloski sauntered into the room, her red Moran Manor polo shirt tucked into skinny jeans. “Oh, hey, Cam. Sorry about that.” The slender ninth grader hadn't gained any weight since


Cam met her last June, when Ellie had shown up to volunteer on Cam's farm, but her legs seemed to get longer every time Cam saw her.

He slapped his hand on the stainless-steel island. “She's been here only a month, and she's driving me nuts. It's no Happy New Year for me so far.” He threw his large hands into the air.

Ellie frowned at the clatter but didn't recoil. “Mrs. Montgomery?”

Cam raised her eyebrows.Uh-oh.So Bev Montgomery was making trouble again.

He nodded. “I wish she'd never come here.”

“What's she doing now?” Ellie asked.

“Well, for one thing, she's some kind of ethnophobe.” He clenched and unclenched huge fists. “Telling me because I'm Eritrean, I can't do my job right.”

“She has a history with that kind of opinion,” Cam offered, stayinghave to pay LMI on the new mortgage and you would be taking on a lot of extra risk, especially if interest rates rise (as they are likely to in 12 to 18 months time), you lost your job or some other emergency came up.
You are better off waiting some time before purchasing a second property, allowing your equity to grow further and for you to save up a bit more. You may want to open up an offset account linked to your loan account (if you haven't already) so that any additional savings you have in the offset account reduces the interest payable on your mortgage.
When you are ready to purchase a second property allow an additional 2-3% in your serviceability calculations on top of the mortgage


1808. Even during the Cold War. the Romans had to confront “the peculiarly wearing and expensive character of guerrilla tactics. The United States itself lent assistance to insurgencies in Tibet. John Mosby. Its venerable record includes the brilliant exploits of Judas Maccabeus against the Syrians in the decade after 170 B. is well known. To a lack of numbers the invaders add atrocious conduct. Thomas Sumter. it is.Prologue
3
has not been exclusively nor even mainly Communist. and Afghanistan. Throughout history. and contributes to its eventual collapse. This behavior provokes a fierce popular resistance. As the nineteenth century was turning into the twentieth. Indeed some notable guerrilla chieftains have been Americans. Peru. much less Mao. or Ho Chi Minh. and Nicaragua. its morale sustained by religious fervor and outside support.and the Philippines.C. out of which conflict comes our word guerrilla. Castro. looting. including Francis Marion. This protracted and bitter conflict has very damaging effects on the superpower. these Spanish tactics were remarkably similar to those used in the same country two thousand years later against Napoleon. Angola. bearer of a universalistic ideology. nationalist. William Clarke Quantrill. royalist. Cuba. as in Malaya. in a different category altogether. Is this a serviceable summary of the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan? Yes. long before the world had heard of Lenin. invades an underdeveloped country right across its border. including widespread rape.

It is of more than passing interest that no Communist party ever came to power on its own except through identification with a nationalist struggle. these conflicts include the Vendée. and


conduct counterinsurgency. “peacemaking operations” that will look very much like traditional counterinsurgency. Wars to control drugs or diamonds will not disappear. In any case. there is still much truth in Bertrand Russell’s observation that it has “been customary to accept economic power without analysis. Chechens. to an undue emphasis upon economics. a national state of their own. Kashmiris. in the causal interpretation of history. Some of these ethnic. Other groups. but guerrilla wars flared from Colombia to Algeria. and others—continue to demand. and this had led. in modern times.

”18 In other words. requires almost the diametrically opposite approach: patience. for memories on this subject seem always to be peculiarly short. opinion display little clear understanding of what happened in Vietnam.S. the French. Even so. This has been ina political phenomenon. perhaps not infrequently. based on interpretation and synthesis of the extant literature.Prologue
7
The search for answers to these questions will range across five continents. role conflict. in the role of counterinsurgents. there can be no doubt that in the twenty-first century. This is certainly not because of any generalized lack of sympathy with insurgents per se (as the reader will soon discern). The structure of power.S. military personnel will find themselves cast. Rather. the emphasis on counterinsurgency arises from two other reasons. as well as discussions with individuals who had or have a personal involvement with the subject. Analysis will usually be from the perspective of the counterinsurgents. alienation. Second. if any. political ones. on the whole. the factors which hold up under close scrutiny are.


“revolution” neatly captures the general orientation of the present volume. what is the essential aim of any intelligent counterinsurgency policy? That essential aim is peace.”30 Charles Freeman: “A peace based on the humiliation of the vanquished contains the germs of renewed warfare. than to subordinate the military point of view to the political. If insurgency and counterinsurgency are fundamentally political.” that “war is only a branch of political activity.”28 Michael Howard: “[A] war. Fuller: “A military victory is not in itself equivalent to success in war.”25 C.” and that “no other possibility exists.”27 General Sir Gerald Templer: “The shooting side of the business is only 25% of the trouble and the other 75% lies in getting the people of this country behind us. the interests. . fought forBut tactically—in terms of particular combats—guerrillas must strive to be the superior force at the point of contact with the enemy. He meant that strategically—in terms of the conflict viewed as a whole— guerrillas are by definition the inferior force.9 The constant guerrilla aim will therefore be to concentrate strength against weakness by carrying out surprise attacks.12 The favorite tactical operation of guerrillas is the ambush. or in the rain. who were. and then he would pull his forces together at a suitable opportunity and like a tiger make a
. undermining morale. And not only of guerrillas. quite bold enough to lay an ambush and surround any of our men who strayed from the main body of our army. but the tactics are to pit ten men against


guerrillas in Cape Colony never exceeded three
. under winter rains. and over roads that had become all but impassable.24 Guerrilla annals are full of examples of this phenomenon. Consider Francisco Espoz y Mina. since he was wearing out a French force fives times his own strength in fruitless marches. From this unlikely apprenticeship he emerged as one of the great guerrilla chiefs in the Boer war. They captured several British posts in the western area of Cape Colony and managed to maintain themselves right up until the peace negotiations. then be the attacker. a reader of Plutarch and Byron. As such “his exploits are not surpassed in daring and enterprise by those of petite guerre in any age. “If you are going to fight.Guerrilla Strategy and Tactics
15
Some villagemodern guerrilla movements have been led to a large extent by middle class. as distinguished students of the phenomenon labored to illustrate during the Cold War.

is not necessary to explain even a successful armed insurgency. has long impressed students of revolutionary conflict. On the contrary.S. But in recent times—actually for some considerable period—a new constituency is available to support elite-driven violence: what Ralph Peters has called the “new warrior class. In the Philippines. humanity. revolutionary elites sought to enlist oppressed or disrespected elements in the country. The power of well-organized minorities under determined leaders. from Columbia University and was a professor of chemistry at the University of the Philippines. occupation after 1898 was to play the card of class war. liberty. Emilio Aguinaldo’s best chance to defeat the


French reestablished their control first in the Saigon area.66 Even in their stronghold of the countryside. An assertively pro-Viet Cong source estimates that in Saigon. militia. Communist activists in 1974 numbered perhaps 500. members of the Cao Dai and Hoa Hao sects. made up fully 50 percent in some provinces. The Saigon government’s sweeping land reform in the early 1970s also dimmed the luster of Communist revolution. After the Japanese surrender. The ARVN and the territorial (militia) forces numbered over a million men. soldiers. By the middle 1970s outside observers estimated Viet Cong support at less than a third of the South Vietnamese population.65 Neither was the Viet Cong insurgency able to develop much support in the cities. ARVN (South Vietnamese regular army) officers and their extended families.000million. but casualty rates in the territorial forces were higher than in ARVN. In return for this promise of social advancement. and a willingness to face the very real prospect of death. the Viet Cong were able to mobilize considerable strength. whether or not the party had the support of the majority of the peasants made little real difference. if unsurprising. counted an additional halfmillion members.38
RESISTING REBELLION
young or too old for the army or militia. by promising to redistribute wealth and especially status in the countryside. or if they could have been sure they had someplace to go.. ARVN has been much criticized for its desertion rates (which had nothing at all to do with political loyalties). North Vietnamese premier Pham Van Dong estimated that between 50 percent


because of the death of a widely esteemed leader but more so because
. the Vendeans could have reached Paris and “the white flag [of the Catholic and Royal Army] would have flown over the towers of Notre Dame before it was possible for the armies on the Rhine to come to the aid of the government.47 They established no strict authority. It was this fact that saved the republic. They allowed their personal rivalries to impede coordination. they lacked strategic vision: nothing demonstrates this more clearly than their decision to turn back to their own country. writes Paret. they neither entered neighboring provinces.52 Most of the Vendean chiefs were brave and clever. the insurgent forces were not an army but a sort of home guard: the Vendean “foughthands of the loyalists.90 Later.92 plans were adopted for poisoning wells and spreading infection. Upon capturing them a subsequent time. . as well as they could. were loaded onto boats. All this burning and raping and killing undermined the discipline and morale of the republican troops. usually the older ones who could not or would not escape. The Paris regime was responsible for
. along with its women and children . in the full light of day. which supplied grain to several departments and meat to Paris and horses for the army. Generally.97 But rebel wrongdoing is quite beside the point: it is inadmissible to equate rebel and governmental acts of criminality in order to excuse or lessen the guilt of the latter. all suspicious persons.86 Another negative consequence


and four-fifths of the male population killed or chased out. The war reduced the permanent population of the Vendée by one-third.121 “Historians agree that this insanity cost the lives of one hundred and fifty thousand victims.”122 More French died in the Vendée than in Napoleon’s Russian campaign.123 Indeed, in relation to the total population of the time, the number of Frenchmen, soldiers and civilians, killed as a result of the Revolution—before the Napoleonic wars began—represents a greater loss than France suffered during all of World War I.124 (The equivalent figure in the United States in the year 2000 would be twenty times the total American military losses in World War II.)125 And within the lifetime of some of those who had been at Waterloo, the victorious armies ofpillaged and burned whole cities. They made little effort to distinguish the peaceful from the resistant. Most disastrously for themselves, they looted and gutted cathedrals and churches, murdered priests, and committed public sacrilege of the grossest sort. When Saragossa fell after a heroic resistance, the French made a point of desecrating the city’s churches. Spain had sixty thousand parish priests and many thousands more in religious orders. “It was they, in close touch with the people . . . who instilled the spirit of revolt.”136 Under the leadership of their priests, great numbers of humble folk, who might otherwise have remained passive, took up arms against the French, in a popular resistance movement that took on the aspects of a holy war.137 Thus, “the war in Spain [became]


true strength of the guerrillas.”142 Eventually even columns of two thousand soldiers were not safe from severe guerrilla mauling.143 The day came when the French controlled “only the ground upon which the soles of their shoes rested.”144 The French learned little from this hellish experience, and thus plodded on to another disaster in Russia. From the beginning of the occupation, the French and Imperial forces had only a very marginal technological superiority over the guerrillas. French advantages lay in their superior tactics and numbers, and these proved to be waning assets. Guerrilla tactics notably improved during the course of the conflict (all guerrillas have a self-activating, Darwinian merit system: incompetently-led guerrillas soon die). Besides, Napoleon opposed static defense; hence the French relied very heavily upon sweep maneuvers. Ofa coup and assassinations, the minuscule and inexperienced PDPA unexpectedly found itself in power, and it began imposing Leninist reforms. The urban membership and Soviet orientation of the PDPA had incubated a fierce hatred both of Islam and of the peasantry. The PDPA regime launched an all-out assault on the customs of the population, aiming in effect for a latter-day, full-scale Central Asian Stalinism. Forcible and arbitrary land reform offended Muslim concepts of legality.1 As part of the PDPA literacy campaign, women were dragged from their homes to listen to antireligious lectures. The regime admitted to killing without trial 12,000 political prisoners and religious teachers in its first two years of power; the actual number was probably much larger. The regime appeared as “repulsively anti-Islamic.”2 Such egregious behavior,


free elections. The constitution had been imposed by a small minority of revolutionaries and had never been submitted to a vote for popular approval or rejection.”13 The regime desired not the separation of Church and state but rather the control of the Church by the state. Elections became fraudulent to the point of tragicomedy. The semi-sacred battle cry of the Madero revolution of 1910—“No reelection!”—was crudely cast aside by President Obregón.14 Members of the Mexican Congress who dared to object to this power grab were expelled.15 General Venustiano Carranza, “Mexico’s last [L]iberal,”16 organized the convention that produced the constitution of 1917. Only his followers were allowed to vote for or be elected to this convention.17 The new constitution was far more hostile to the Church than the Juárezshare of the political spoils. Many led or joined the revolution for personal or political gain: revolution was the only way to make room at the top or the middle for new men. During the succession of civil wars that wracked Mexico after 1910, officers quickly improved their rank by switching again and again from one side to another. As the years of fighting went on, the leaders of the different revolutionary currents enriched themselves. “Palatial homes, fine estates, prosperous ranches, flourishing businesses—these were the fruits of revolution.”23 More importantly, the revolutionary men of the North “were the enemies of the Indian, of the peasant, of the priest of that Old Mexico which they never understood because they never belonged to it.” They “hated the Old Mexico and


especially in Jalisco. and were deeply divided about what to do. Both portraits are grotesque. sheltered by humble folk. especially in western states. or as a White Guard paid by the great landlords.52 By 1928 the army desertion rate may have reached 35 percent annually. “it was a colonial war. the Mexican army’s main task was to suppress internal opposition.56 Others have since tried to paint the Cristeros as small landowners threatened by land reform. The regime also fought the rebellion by population removal. still others thought that engaging in violence would make Catholics morally indistinguishable from the Calles forces. Generals like Manuel Ávila Camacho made a fortune out of the anti-Cristero campaigns. in fear of their lives. kill. and move on.53 Consequently the Calles regime emptied theyoung.69 In that same year in all Mexico there were only 322 priests functioning legally. a fight broke out in the Chamber of Deputies between supporters of President Cárdenas and former president Calles. despite being a Mexican citizen. The conflict went on. two deputies were killed and several wounded. this move clearly aimed at the extinction of the priesthood and ultimately of the Church. killing and wounding many. and a group of paramilitaries from Tabasco fired pistols at civilians coming out of a church in the Coyoacan district of Mexico City. police shot women and priests in the streets. In July 1934 former president Calles announced that “we must enter into and take possession of the minds of the children.70 The Mexican hierarchy allowed Catholics to fulfill their


defeat the Cristeros. This was a recipe for stalemate. Mekong. what prevented a Cristero victory was the lack of both sufficient arms and the unambiguous endorsement of the episcopate. the convergence zone of Russian. Rich Mexican Catholics. it needed the endorsement of the bishops. The Plateau of Tibet. its predatory tactics toward civilians were self-destructive.87
. the political unreliability of many of its officers was notorious. is surrounded by forbidding mountains. twelve thousand feet high. as well as the all-important recognition of the U. and Portugal combined.

before the Chinese invasion there were three hundred thousand monks of various grades. was traditionally selected from Tibet. thirty thousand Chinese troops crossed the borders of Kham. conquering horsemen had several times swept eastward deep into China. the Tibet-Nepal War of 1857. hadformed the National Volunteer Defense Army (NVDA). and or-
.”117 They had never before been bombed. Chinese Foreign Minister Chou En-Lai promised the Dalai Lama a new policy of moderation in Tibet and urged him to return home. The Tibetans of Kham and Amdo provinces were familiar since childhood with guns. and Chinese propaganda indirectly admitted the popular character of the resistance. with headquarters in Lhoka province on the Indian frontier. ten times the size of Pennsylvania. Their wounds could quickly become gangrenous.000 Chinese troops in eastern Tibet trying to suppress the revolt.111 The absence of any outside help for the Tibetans. isolating the Chinese garrison in the capital). Indian prime minister Jawaharlal Nehru also wished the Dalai Lama to leave his country. the overwhelming power of the Chinese.


Tibet could not survive if it resisted.114 In fact. In contrast.”115 By the end of 1957 there were at least 150. “the last cavaliers of the fierce warrior tribes of Central Asia. Under these circumstances the Dalai Lama reentered Tibet.

across some of the most rugged terrain on earth.123 The standard formula for counterinsurgency suggests that the Chinese needed eight hundred thousand troops to quell this revolt. swollen with refugees from the East. and elsewhere.120 In Katmandu the NVDA had contact with the CIA and Chiang Kai-shek’s Taiwan regime and received training in communication and parachuting from both. in the thin air of Tibet. They summoned up as well “their fearless fighting qualities.)125 Besides.127 The outraged population of Lhasa. thus death at the hands of Chinese soldiers would bethe same time Tibetan refugees in India were turning popular and elite opinion there strongly against the Chinese. and India now allowed supplies to go across its borders to the Tibetans there.139 Furthermore. including Chinese foreign minister Chou En-lai’s deep personal distaste for Nehru. and also to the Soviets (who had been stirring up anti-Chinese rebellion in Sinkiang). long-standing suspicions between newly independent India and newly Communist China. even at the cost of dissembling about what was happening in Tibet and suppressing Lhasa’s efforts to communicate with the outside world. the Dalai Lama’s friendly reception in India placed an immediate strain on that country’s relations with China. helped make a clash between the two Asian giants inevitable.86
RESISTING REBELLION
India and China Clash Indian prime minister Nehru had long pursued


that global ideological struggle. precisely because of outside interference. a struggle whose duration dwarfs that of the Cold War. Afghanistan. The Soviets in Afghanistan learned some “major lessons of mod94
. second. to recall that outside intervention was not unique to the Cold War era. and Eritrea. Machiavelli observed that “when once the people have taken up arms against you. preventing outside assistance from reaching the guerrillas. French Indochina.94
RESISTING REBELLION
CHAPTER 5
FOREIGN INVOLVEMENT WITH INSURGENCY
The fundamental method of guerrilla war-making is to attack the enemy’s lines of communication. On the contrary. was especially notable in Greece. South Vietnam. It is the latter effort that this present chapter examines.”1 During the Cold War. This in itself is a powerful argument against the proposition that. direct or by proxies. and. there willclaim to want. or diminish supplies coming into a country to help insurgents. fundamentally. which the media often portray as their stronghold. from their base. to little avail. have fought the Spanish. assistance to South Vietnam resulted in the defeat of the guerrilla insurgents there. but were ultimately unsuccessful. the Americans. in the defeat of guerrilla insurgencies in those countries. assisted the regime in Khartoum against southern rebels. and to the Kabul regime in Afghanistan after 1979. a city inconceivably remote. Since the 1930s. South Vietnam later succumbed to a conventional invasion from North Vietnam. along with Iran. Indeed the evidence suggests that outside aid actually hurt the guerrillas in Greece.
PREVENTING OUTSIDE HELP
Counterinsurgent forces have employed several means to deter. another primary
. cut off.12 And even on the


of sanitation.S. forces began in February 1899.Establishing Civilian Security
107
course of the entire war. mainly of the Tagalog ethnic group. they carried off supplies. however. The latter had proclaimed himself provisional president of a Philippine Republic. and the latter turned to guerrilla tactics. who had lived their entire lives on the spacious veld. had no concept of the hygienic necessities of camp life. leader of the opposition Liberal party. and the death rates plummeted.11 In the Philippines Fighting between the Spanish and the Americans in the Philippines had not yet been concluded when tensions developed between U.S. And—incredibly—by the conclusion of this long and often bitter struggle. Henry Campbell-Bannerman. rule. declared that British forces in South Africa were employing “methods of barbarism.S. for the latter would have been anof these groups were operative. . “perhaps there has not been sufficient emphasis on the fact that the accelerated growth of the paramilitary groups coincides with the period following the declaration of the illegality of self-defense and all private justice groups [in April 1989]. The absence of the state from much of Colombia has left the rural population exposed to FARC violence (a similar situation once existed in Peru).”76 The attitude of governments in Bogotá toward self-defense has been inconsistent and ambiguous. only pistols. . and much wringing of hands and raising of alarms in Washington and elsewhere. the AUC. replicate guerrilla methods step by step.

The question of the success or failure of resettlement has a great deal to do with who is being resettled. A landmark study


provoked ferocious counterviolence. in spite of all this British mistrust and mismanagement.Loyalists: Indigenous Anti-Insurgency
123
the American colonies. Few in London wished to understand that political loyalty to the crown did not necessarily indicate a willingness. but over sixty thousand left for British territory.6 Worst of all.5 In contrast to the patriot party. especially in the cities. when British forces retreated out of or evacuated an area. armed Tory bands were very active. the Tories never produced any national leaders. South Carolina. loyalism seems to have been above average among non-English minorities. The exaggerated belief in southern Loyalist strength undermined the British war effort and prepared the road to Yorktown. All the other colonies furnished as many more.9 Tories composed a substantial portion of St. a thousand-man Loyalist force sufferedmany others have followed their example. A republican guerrilla group declared war on the Dutch.Loyalists: Indigenous Anti-Insurgency
131
occupation both the Dutch and the Ambonese suffered much from the Japanese. as Ambonese soldiers had always done. including attacks on families. Instead they entered into negotiations with the republican nationalists for an Indonesian federation united with the Kingdom of the Netherlands. the returning Dutch did not prosecute those who had collaborated with the Japanese.36 When Dutch troops returned. Except for a few cases. Ambonese everywhere openly rejoiced. 1945. In subsequent years the increasingly centralized and dictatorial regimes in Jakarta have provoked other revolts in various parts of Indonesia. These experiences served to bind the Ambonese all the more closely in their loyalty to the Dutch. In particular. The outlook for the


an error. sometimes producing violent internal clashes. This event radically disorganized the Sendero movement. Because it can have such lasting effects on intelligence gathering and the potential for future insurgencies. indeed. irregular British forces in the Carolinas often shot captured or surrendered American prisoners on the spot. Various fissures beset any insurgent movement. founder of Sendero Luminoso. In the Malayan Emergency. especially regarding food and women. This was the experience. while he was visiting his girlfriend’s house in Lima. With some help from the U. commanders of South Vietnamese Army units gave little attention to interrogating prisoners.5 By revealing the nature and extent of such divisions. or other cleavage lines. This principle is not always self-evident: in the early 1960s. the increasingly effective intelligence work of the Policeguerrilla chief De Wet wrote: “The English. and then collect these items by means of a suitable box. and spies. Insurgents often succeed in infiltrating the police forces. such data is best gathered and handled by the police. One authority on the Malayan conflict concluded that the police—whose intelligence often identified targets for operations by the security forces—were “the decisive element” in defeating the insurgents. At the same time. and to use them against us. had a perfect right to hire such sweepings. (In spite of this. distribute paper and pencils to every house.12 (In addition.”15 A simple and effective method for providing assurance of anonymity to civilian informants is for security forces to enter a village or a neighborhood. and gain valuable intelligence for their own side.S.


Communist victory: Catholics. forces inside Saigon were reinforced. they would have to overcome probably the toughest problem that can confront intelligence analysts: they would have to recognize that the plan for the Tet Offensive rested on a Communist mistake. especially Saigon. they interpreted Communist calls for such an uprising as an elaborate deception. U. But in addition to these military preparations. Indeed it is right not to rest our hopes on a belief in his blunders. we dismissed the possibility of an attack on the population centers as not being a viable option.”38 Thucydides observed that “in practice we always base our preparations against an enemy on the assumption that his plans are good. Nevertheless. Consequently. captured documents. Northern refugees.”37 This problem is not new. Clausewitz wrote thatthe civilian population. the more bitter you will make your opponents. greatly reduced the economic value of the occupied territories. “Wherever the British Army went between 1775 and 1781. Lee warned his soldiers that “perpetration of barbarous outrages upon the unarmed and the defenseless and the wanton destruction of private property .158
RESISTING REBELLION
THE PRICE OF MISCONDUCT
The strategist Basil Liddell Hart once observed that “the more brutal your methods. quite predictably led to insubordination and acts of violence by soldiers against their officers. the neutrals.” a quaint circumlocution for looting civilians. and caused Russian troops to fight to the death rather than be taken prisoner. it invariably alienated the people whose support it needed. . .

”14 In the 1790s the French Revolutionary regime—which had come into power through terror.


interests of the violators. increasing Huk terrorism and brutality turned many peasants toward the government. and deliberately provoked reprisals by the Peruvian army against Indian villages. nevertheless. kidnapped children. During the Greek civil war. some of Aguinaldo’s followers made assassination of members of the pro-peace Federal Party a specialty. they forced young persons to join them. Taruc admitted that during the conflict’s latter stages. the principal military leader of the Huk insurrection. All of these movements flagrantly violated the norms of their own societies.

Boer guerrillas as a rule did not fear to abandon a wounded man to the British. But it is certain that allowing all to see that prisoners receive humane treatment is a weapon of great value. First. Mao Tse-tung wrote that “the most effective methodpopulation to support their side.The Question of Sufficient Force Levels
171
CHAPTER 11
THE QUESTION OF SUFFICIENT FORCE LEVELS
Everyone knows that mere numbers do not win wars. The counterinsurgents require such a seemingly great preponderance of manpower for several reasons. one cannot successfully wage counterinsurgency on the cheap. the Soviets in Afghanistan in 1980. The record is replete with examples of disaster descending upon counterinsurgencies that would not or could not observe this fundamental principle. On the other hand. and finance are crucial. and nothing accomplishes that aim quite like an abundance of well-turned-out troops. the next-best situation is for the civilian population to believe that the counterinsurgent side is going to win.

and to fight or not.3 The Revolutionary regime eventually committed great numbers to suppress the uprisings: in October 1794


attain the quite insufficient ratio of three to one would have required 900.000 in the Catholic and Sect militias. Kennedy entered the White House fewer than 1. forces in Vietnam amounted to less than one-third of 1 percent of the U. population. upon his death less than three years later. they had lost their tactical superiority as well. 20.) This growing Americanization of the conflict in Vietnam was just one of the poisoned fruits of the assassination of President Diem. fewer than half of them French. there were 16. commitment of forces in its Vietnam involvement was massive without being efficacious.The Question of Sufficient Force Levels
175
ment after regiment out of Spain. in the ominous words of one French officer. service people were in Vietnam. Under the standard ratio.”13of 6.000 Germans along with 160.24 (4) the Americans and their South Vietnamese and other allies never had much more than a 1. One may. but then. presumably.8 to 1. (2) the French army sent plenty of troops to Algeria and defeated the guerrillas there. In summer 1943. one must recall that (1) even after the Castro guerrilla movement had successfully established itself as a fighting force on the island.000 by German estimate. Tito’s Partisans numbered 110. but the Axis forces could never reduce them to the level of a minor threat. defeated the guerrillas. In Tibet. The Soviets in Afghanistan. the Colombian government as of 2003 managed to field an army of about 140. By 1957. but then saw independence granted to that country by the politicians


matter of numerical ratios. 200.

The Question of Sufficient Force Levels
179
quest of Saigon required one of the largest conventional military invasions since World War II. women.25 A last cautionary example: as late as 2003. the Russians were maintaining troops in Chechnya equal to one soldier for every six inhabitants—men.
. and children—and still could not control that unhappy land.

lasting—success in a political rubbish dump. must be extremely selective in committing its troops to waging counterinsurgency in a foreign environment.S. experience in Vietnam—rightly or wrongly—it seems to be this: the U. U.S.S. Washington policymakers will need to provide clear answers to questions such as the following:
• What are the origin and nature of the insurgency in question? • What is the clear and direct U. TROOPS IN A COUNTERINSURGENT ROLE
A POLITICALLYmajor insurgency.S. Hence if the U. interest in the conflict? • What evidence exists that U. When confronting the possibility of involvement in such a conflict.S. This is not of course to repeat the fatuous insistence by some Americans on instant democracy in South Vietnam.

the U. then intervention will probably be frustrating and frustrated because cultures are slow to change. especially under foreign pressure. Portuguese forces waged largely successful counterinsurgencies in their African
. which will provide sensational pictures for the media and disturb the U. during the height of the Communist-led Huk rebellion in the Philippines. electorate. intervention under consideration? Clearly. however benign. These and other considerations help explain why in some key crises during the Cold War.” The U.S. To accomplish all these ends would seem to


operational defensive. Thailand. probably the soundest military and safest political course for it to follow would be to encourage regional powers and/or the former colonial power to shoulder the main responsibility.3 Moreover. to enter into a counterinsurgency in the company of allies. and auxiliaries. however. or instead of it if necessary. when an American administration faces an insurgency against a government whose survival is deemed important to the U. Yet that does not mean that American troops should never be used against any insurgents anywhere.. and especially of at least one ally with key cultural characteristics (language.S.4 Thus.5 In addition to this course. Much depends on political and geographic factors. Indonesia.7
. and the Marines in Haiti and Nicaragua in the inter-war period.S.S. committed many errors in South Vietnamof the South Vietnamese. representing the largest such commitment in the history of warfare.Deploying U. Most U. to attain fluency in Vietnamese. Despite General William Westmoreland’s plans to upgrade their status.S. and this seems indeed to have been the case. advisory effort] had grown to about ten thousand a decade or so later. In July 1967 General Creighton Abrams stated that U. The adviser was
. therefore.9 Aside from the question of how the U. one that became and remains profoundly controversial. and “it was no secret that the most successful and popular advisers were those who came back for a second or third tour and spoke the native language well. “Beginning almost unnoticed with a few hundred individuals in 1954. largely because the adviser program was part of


Army was in perhaps its weakest condition. however. near the Yugoslavian border. close to Albania. began on December 25.” the insurgents attacked the town of Florina. A major insurgent assault on the town of Konitsa. In November 1948 Zachariades succeeded in ousting Vafiades from military command. Churchill himself arrived on Christmas Day 1944 to hearten the defenders of the besieged capital. Fighting soon broke out anew.

But in fact one could argue that the change happened much too late: the Communists’ best opportunity to seize power in Greece was probably between late 1944 and the spring of 1945. in which superior French discipline. and prisoners. aid to the Greek government. Nevertheless. After heavy fighting and severe casualties. beginning another big siege of Florina in February 1949. and equipment wouldViet Cong and North Vietnamese forces were suffering casualties at a rate that could not be sustained. From 1960 to 1967, thirteen thousand Americans lost their lives in Vietnam. In every one of those years, a greater number of Americans died in the U.S. by falling off the roofs of their houses than died in Vietnam. In contrast, General Giap, victor of Dien Bien Phu, told a journalist that between 1965 and 1968 the Communist side had lost six hundred thousand men. There is no good reason to believe Giap was exaggerating.12 The North Vietnamese regime was requiring its popu-

Guerrillas and Conventional Tactics

189

lation to endure casualty rates higher than those sustained by the Japanese during World War II. (In all of World War II, in all theaters, U.S.


the Viet Minh, the Hanoi politburo regarding ARVN. In the Greek case, the change to conventional war resulted as much from internecine Communist party jealousies as from military analysis. Adopting conventional warfare undeniably hurt the guerrillas. Nevertheless, their error affected the final outcome only marginally, since the insurgents had already been defeated strategically, due to U.S. economic assistance, improvements in the Greek National Army, and the rebels’ alienation of much of the rural population. Thus, the outcome of the war was clear before the guerrillas changed their tactics. In 1954, the French set up Dien Bien Phu as an enticement for their guerrilla enemies, whose war-making capabilities they had consistently—and unaccountably—disparaged, to the extent of setting their “trap” for the Viet Minh in a place that was bothof Maoist People’s War

191

CHAPTER 14

THE MYTH OF MAOIST PEOPLE’S WAR
Out of China came one of the great myths of the twentieth century, the myth of guerrilla invincibility. During the 1930s and 1940s, Mao Tse-tung worked out methods of peasant-based revolutionary guerrilla warfare, linking guerrilla tactics to political organization. He then wielded this type of warfare to checkmate the Japanese and defeat the Kuomintang. That, at any rate, is the myth, which throughout the second half of the twentieth century exerted incredible power over revolutionaries and counterrevolutionaries alike.1 In order to evaluate the Maoist myth, one needs to review both the genesis and nature of Maoist revolutionary guerrilla warfare, and the strategy and tactics it employed against the Chinese Nationalists and the Japanese army. Contemporary Chinese politics begins with


party’s base was in Canton, but it received crucial financial support from the great business houses in Shanghai, and also from China’s numerous and prosperous diaspora—the Overseas Chinese. “The Kuomintang was the

The Myth of Maoist People’s War

193

party of the bourgeoisie,” the party of maritime China.5 As such, it never understood the desires of the peasantry. Neither was the KMT the party of the rural elite, the landowners and magistrates of the countryside. Yet the KMT mistook this rural elite for a stabilizing influence, rather than the profoundly destabilizing force that, because of its exploitation and illegitimacy, it actually was. It is not Sun Yat-sen but rather Chiang Kai-shek who personifies, at least to the West, the aspirations and frailties of the KMT. The militarization of politics in ChinaKorean War. But. Second. the Philippines (the New People’s Army [NPA]). three aspects of the Maoist victory stand out as both essential and nonreplicable. treat prisoners humanely—they were neither original82 nor arcane nor infallible. and Great Britain.
AN ACCOUNTING
No one can know how differently history would have played out if the KMT had defeated or stalemated the CCP after 1945. It would be impossible to overemphasize the importance of this latter point: Mao’s movement presented itself as one of national resistance. Mao’s enemies exhibited peculiar weaknesses that played directly into his strategy. Mao played with consummate skill the cards that had been dealt him. take advantage of interior lines to defeat the enemy piecemeal. the Japanese.S. Cambodia. explain the political framework of the struggle to the troops. Maoist-style insurgencies


fortunate peoples. for all his exalted rhetoric. in Spain. Making peace with the Viet Minh would have involved either cutting a deal to preserve French interests in return for recognizing Vietnamese independence under the Viet Minh. To these fundamental failures one must add two venerable practices of French counterinsurgency—easily visible as well in its earlier efforts in the Vendée. a classic. after the conflict had been going on for almost three years. the French adopted none of these courses. if unwilling either to send enough French forces or to build a real native army. But the Chinese did not become a direct factor in the Vietnam war until 1949. and withdrawing French forces. or offering to share power with the Viet Minh until French withdrawal at some futureCHINESE
An impressive continuity characterizes Chinese counterinsurgency strategy from 1850 to 1950. indeed Malaya became a textbook example of successful counterinsurgency. and (7) identify and ameliorate major sociocultural irritants. (2) emphasize the central role of police measures and civil administration in counterinsurgency. and the civil government. In these campaigns the KMT deliberately sought to imitate the techniques employed by the Ch’ing Dynasty against the Taiping rebellion (1850– 1864) and the Nien rebellion (1853–1868). Perhaps the most salient of those peculiarities was Malayan geography. and to the American reliance in Vietnam on indiscriminantly destructive technology). During the 1930s. Another was the reflex hostility of the ethnic Malay majority to the essentially Chinese insurgency. (3) establish the closest cooperation among the military. (4) regroup exposed civilian settlements into more secure and


Central Asia. long before the Bolshevik Revolution. Only a lack of troops and time prevented the campaign from being even more savagely destructive than it actually was.

as well as the position that anti-Bolshevik rebellions must have been fomented by foreign agents and “kulaks. the Soviets failed—in contravention of tried-and-true Czarist and Communist practice—to isolate Afghanistan from the outside world. It also deported 600. and directing campaigns of mass terror against civilians. Soviet ideology nevertheless severely hampered the application of these sound concepts by requiring Tukhachevsky to endorse collective guilt and mass deportation. Yet. and permanent mass deportation of civilians. During the counterinsurgency in the Ukraine after 1918. Tukhachevsky died in one of Stalin’s purges. the principal aspects of Soviet counterinsurgency style included committing great numbers of soldiers andbecause once the insurgents began receiving sophisti-
.23 Toward the end of World War II. these uprisings were suffocated by Soviet troops and hordes of the dreaded political police.000 Chechens aboard cattle trains without sanitation. Up to 1979. At least in part because of this numerical inadequacy. the Soviets deployed troops in numbers quite inadequate to deal with the massive popular uprising that confronted them. Between 1944 and 1952 the Stalinist regime deported 350. the Soviet army and its successors were unable to derive and preserve much of value from the experience of these conflicts.25 But since serious revolts against the Communist regime by Soviet peoples were officially unthinkable.226
RESISTING REBELLION
of insurgent leaders. shutting off the rebellious area from the outside world. isolated from and ignored by the outside world.


of every seven hundred. and most of all because of internecine ethnic conflicts. education. while decent treatment of prisoners yielded the predictable intelligence harvests. in proportion to population. Portuguese forces suffered only four thousand combat deaths. a powerful morale-builder. Africans comprised over 50 percent of total Portuguese military forces. and Portugal’s limited industrial base combined to shape these conflicts into low-tech wars of small infantry or cavalry units. These small numbers in a combined area of over eight hundred thousand square miles (four times the size of France). and because the Portuguese believed that the willingness of numerous Africans to serve under the flag of Portugal increased the legitimacy of their African presence. At the end. low-tech.

they effected notable improvements in the courts and penal institutions. For example.in Algeria. among other things. perhaps especially so for the United States. A peaceful path for the redress of grievances need not mean Western-style elections. the Hanoi regime. but even the simplest thing is very difficult. a recognized method of seeking redress of grievances. having come to power by means of guerrilla insurgency.4 On the other side of the ledger were entire regimes. As an additional example. Skillfully led guerrillas present a grave challenge even to countries with impressive military power. (Of course. and its allies. offering amnesty. All that is required is a method of representation that the affected society views as legitimate. The first presents courses of action that establish the strategic environment for victory: providing a peaceful path to change. that found themselves cast unsuccessfully


force multiplier. the counterinsurgent side needs a ratio of at least ten-to-one over their opponents.8 Of course. sufficient numbers do not have to mean vast numbers. however obtained. and many neutrals will shift toward the government. it must give the appearance of strength. and unshakable permanency. The Chinese employed road building as an anti-guerrilla tactic. the most obvious way to achieve it—deploying sufficient numbers—may be impossible. and popular support. even the counterinsurgent forces themselves—that the guerrillas cannot win. without a well-developed strategy of counterinsurgency based on sound political and military analysis.

A decade later. Therefore. forces and their South Vietnamese allies were negated and then obliterated by unwillingness to block the Ho Chi Minh Trail through Laos. which stopped the passage of supplies and men from Tunisia and henceof access roads over which rescue forces were likely to pass was a major problem in Vietnam. one moves the civilians. forces in Vietnam. This sort of mobilization of the civilian population prevents the reentry of guerrillas into a cleared area.S. In Algeria.17 Nevertheless. Protecting the civilian population therefore requires a rapid response capability to counter guerrilla mobility. Moreover.S.S. In the countryside. Besides. as the U. enabling a relatively few soldiers to do the work of many. But even with its own militia unit.

20 It is doubtful. in the form of civilian sympathizers who supply them with intelligence and food. guerrillas are strangers to the civilians among whom they operate. A distinguished student of the U.”19 To settle the Vendean insurgency. In the post-1898 Philippines.240
RESISTING REBELLION
forts to reenter


guerrillas on the move and uncovered many food caches. We were always encircled and always came through. in any country and any conflict. Sweeps provide all the circumstances for frustrated soldiers to abuse civilians. Sweeps carried out by conventional forces can be heard coming from far away. and setting up outposts that are hard to defend or supply. “it was vital to impress upon our men that they must never allow the fact of being surrounded to demoralize them.27 After the Spanish-American War.”28 The other side of this coin is taking care of one’s own troops. Encirclements too have a notable record of failure. but must regard it as the normal situation in our kind of war. By concentrating our efforts against one point. The food-denial campaign seriouslyas that one illustrate that outposts only make sense if they can be supplied. literally. convoys went forth to supply outposts that had been erected to protect the convoys. These convoys. Our
. And as the expectation of early victory ebbs. the outpost to end all outposts. in turn. And they must never leave a village or district undefended after they have entered it and allowed their sympathizers to reveal themselves. During the Boer conflict (as in others) guerrillas were often mere lads. Seasonal conditions can make their search more successful. French airpower was weak.36 One of these was Deneys Reitz. and of the less glamorous aspects of guerrilla life: “The night that followed was the most terrible of all.”33 Dien Bien Phu was. harsh winter weather cuts down


just some of the central myths about Vietnam that continue to befog debate in the U. Perhaps South Vietnam would have fallen to invasion in 1976 or 1980 or 1985. The war ended when North Vietnamese tanks rolled into Saigon. And that attempt in turn was provoked by the increasingly open abandonment of the South Vietnamese by the Americans.Elements of a Counterinsurgent Strategy
247
insurgency. military incompetence and cowardice. From that conviction came the Tet Offensive. any effort to conceive a more viable strategy in South Vietnam has important implications for present and future insurgencies.S. as well as pernicious.S. despite the classically conventional nature of the war after 1968.S. then why did the North have to mount a massive conventional invasion—the largest movement of regular troops since the Korean War—towas essential to redefine the shape of South Vietnam: if you can’t isolate the battlefield.250
RESISTING REBELLION
by their principal exponent. and auxiliaries. too poorly configured. because the guerrillas were only one aspect of the conflict. In South Vietnam.56 clear-and-hold means systematically driving the guerrillas out of first one designated area and then another. and too exposed to invasion to be defended in its entirety.
. without going into Laos themselves (although a Laotian defense line would certainly have been the optimal choice). That is. therefore. the other was the slow-motion invasion of South Vietnam from the North by way of Laos (which became fastmotion in 1972 and 1975). Too big. however. Approaches to the Vietnam War TACTICS Offensive Offensive Defensive
Invade North Vietnam
Close Ho Chi Minh Trail by a Line Across


end of the disastrous one-year tour policy. no more “search and destroy. and sea (producing “attrition” to end all attrition). That was the key to the final debacle. That ARVN soldiers wished to prevent their families from falling into Communist hands is perfectly understandable. Second. But the 1975 retrenchment turned into a catastrophe for two main reasons. no more booby-trap casualties. Third. President Thieu’s decision to remove the bulk of these forces to positions closer to Saigon was a very good one and should have been carried out years earlier. the effort that produced the final disaster. confronted by a true front line.Elements of a Counterinsurgent Strategy
253
The conflict in South Vietnam would now have true front lines. with allied firepower directed toward the enemy and away from civilians.those in Israel. eds. The Art of War. 20. CT: Greenwood. Charles W. Samuel B. Sutherland. 247. Intervention in Threatened Democratic States (Westport. as in Greece. Caesar. 1957). Charles Tilly. 163.S. and Burma. “The Strategy of Innocence? The United States. 1994). 10. “The Resource Curse: Are Civil Wars Driven by Rapacity or Paucity. Bertrand Russell. p.

From People’s War to People’s Rule: Insurgency. however. p. Art of War. IN: Indiana University press. p. Callwell. ed. 4. p. 1996). Chapter XXVI. 341. “A Strategy of Attrition: George Washington. but rather a fast dash into the capital city. “Regular Armies and Insurgency. For much of the American War of Independence. 9. 135.” 3. Lomperis. p. so many states are such in name only that it may not be necessary or even


And when we do we will not frighten or torture or kill you. Liddell Hart.

and Byron. 32. Mosby wrote his wife to send him his copies of Macauley. 1974). Unless we have regular armed forces of adequate strength. Byron Farwell. Scott. 34. 29. 2. 40. 2. . 26. (2) It must not be decided by a single stroke. Jeb Stuart. p. v. (3) The theater of operations must be fairly large. Lovett.S. G. and annual reports of the U. 27. Smuts served as prime minister of the Union of South Africa from 1919 to 1924. . p.W. or the local methods of cultivation. 126. 95. Wert. While on campaign in December 1862. John S. Charles Oman. 1990). 1902– 1930). 41. Jeffrey D. Robert D. p. The Fatal Knot:Spain (New York: New York University. NJ: Transaction.” 25. 489. p. Mosby (Nashville: J. Bass.” Geoffrey Fairbairn. 1995). and again from 1939 to 1948. 332. Sanders. p. p.S. 270. John Lawrence Tone. 709. Christopher Ward. DEA. 1959). 38. MA: Hurd and Houghton. 1962). p. vol.

1967. 54. both articles in Charles Bergquist. CO: Westview. CA: University of California. 53. Fernando Cubides. The French Army: A Military-Political History (New York: George Braziller.” in David Scott Palmer. From the Barrel of a Gun: Armies and Revolution (Washington. CO: Westview. Saigon. 408. 1992). DE: Scholarly Resources. 1972). 12–13. Penaranda and G. 1967). See Anthony James Joes. A1. 55.” Washington Post. 50. November 25. Brian McAlister Linn. The Philippine War. p. Eric M. The Communist Road to Power in Viet Nam (Boulder. Bergerud.


PA: Strategic Studies Institute. Michael L. 47. 44. “Colombia’s Other Army. “Taking the High Ground: Shining Path and the Andes. 171. 1977). like the Cambodians to the Viet Cong. Bernard Fall. DC: Pergamon-Brassey’s. p.” Gordon H. America and Guerrilla Warfare (Lexington. Viet Nam: A Dragon Embattled. 52. 2001. Mao Tse-tung. McCormick. to its great cost. 180. “Rightist Squads in Colombia Beating the Rebels. kidnapping and terror brought forth a ruthless paramilitary right that . the Viet Cong abandoned guerrilla for conventional tactics. ed. R. 49. Martin’s. p. 48. 408–12.. 2000. 1899–1902 (Lawrence. pp. 2000). The Counterinsurgency Era: United States Doctrine and Performance 1950 to the Present (New York: Free Press. Anthony James Joes. Paul-Marie De La Gorce. A13. 56. Colombian Army Adaptation to FARC Insurgency (Carlisle. . andand Revolutions in Latin America. In 1990. p. Manwaring and Court Prisk. PA: Strategic Studies Institute.” in Comparative Studies in Society and History. XVI (Fall 1996). attempting a return to power. Revolutionary War in World Strategy 1945–1969 (New York: Taplinger.S. Counterinsurgency Efforts in Colombia 1955–1965. p.S. (Winter 1999). 71. See Also Robert Thompson. vol. vol. He continues: “This illusion operates also on the [incumbent] elite. .S. Latin America. “France. Charles Bergquist et al. 41. Rempe. See also Jeff Goodwin and Theda Skocpol. “Explaining Revolutions in the Contemporary Third World.” Journal of Conflict Studies. 1998). 48. “The New Warrior Class. Guerrillas and Revolution in Latin America: A Comparative Study of Insurgents and Regimes Since 1956 (Princeton. “Colombia and the Drug Barons: Conflict and Containment. DC: U. v. Autopsy on


called for votes for women. Meyer. Cristero Rebellion. 54. Yesterday in Mexico. Mecham. Cristero Rebellion. Ibid. Holy War in Los Altos: A Regional Analysis of Mexico’s Cristero Rebellion (Tucson.000 in June 1929. 58. Cumberland. Meyer. Gorostieta was a northerner and possibly at one time a Freemason. Holy War in Los Altos. p. Cristero Rebellion. See Harold Nicolson. 41. 128. 404–5. 280. p. Cristero Rebellion. 14. 181ff. 403. p. 42. Walter Lippmann. p. “The Church and State in Mexico: The American Mediation.. The peasant often appears to the city man as stupid. Meyer. 69. 46. See estimates in Meyer. Ibid. Dulles.

99. p.S. 136. A secret Aide-Memoire from the Department to the British Embassy in Washington dated December 30.” U. 59. Dreyer. 107. 110. The International Commission of Jurists isdeeply affected guerrillas in Malaya. Guerrilla Communism.100 (500 casualties). vi. Edgar O’Ballance. Pacification: The American Struggle for Viet Nam’s Hearts and Minds (Boulder. Dynamics of Defeat. 9. p. 7. Tranie and Carmigniani.. p. Ibid.” 2. 1939). War Without Fronts: The American Experience in Viet Nam (Boulder. because it convinced the French to give open aid to the Americans. 6. A Viet Cong Memoir (New York: Harcourt. p.. passim. p. pp. even though Cornwallis’s trapped army numbered but 7. in which guerrilla chieftains such as the Swamp Fox (Francis Marion) and the Game Cock (Thomas Sumter) achieved deserved fame. Donnell. the Battle of Saratoga was one of the most decisive in history. Truong Nhu Tang. p. 33. 1995). 1963). Ramsay Weston Phipps. 101–2. 1966). pp. CT: Greenwood. CO: Westview.


294. pp.. 17.. Ibid. Army Field Manual 100–20. In 1994. 497.. Nothing about government is done as incompetently as the reporting of it. On Indian counterinsurgency. then-U. pp. 11. no. For opposition on the part of U. 510 11. Advice and Support. War for South Viet Nam. October 1. 1994. military leaders to large-scale American ground commitment in the Greek civil war. “Illustrations of Learning in Counterinsurgency Warfare.” Small Wars and Insurgencies. reputation. 511. Gerald C. America and Guerrilla Warfare. See Hickey. Allan R. 2–45 and 2–47. The Sword and the Olive: A Critical History of the Israeli Defense Force (New York: Public Affairs. The U. The Development and Training of the South Vietnamese Army. DC: U. 10. and America and Guerrilla Warfare.. 1980). See James L. chapterSouth Carolina Loyalists in the American Revolution (Columbia. Thomas H.W. A Better War: The Unexamined Victories and Final Tragedy of America’s Last Years in Viet Nam (New York: Harcourt. 1899–1902 (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina. The literature on the U. Army War College. Quantrill’s War (New York: St. The Army and Viet Nam (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University. Gamecock: The Life and Times of General Thomas Sumter (New York: Holt. Albert Castel. Robert D. Bass. G. SC: University of South Carolina.S. May. NY: Doubleday. CT: Yale University. William Clarke Quantrill: His Life and Times (New York: Frederick Fell. Battle for Batangas: A Philippine Province at War (New Haven. Hugh F. Max G. 1985). 1996). Gray Ghost. Duane Schultz. 34. 1989). CT: Greenwood. Schoolbooks and Krags: The United States


War Was Different: Marine Combined Action Platoons in Viet Nam (Annapolis. 653. 50.

1996). January 4. 1985). 129. and in the U. The Modern History of Iraq (Boulder. 2003. British Counterinsurgency in the Post-Imperial Era (Manchester. CO: Westview. 4. Huntington. 5.S. From the end of World War II until the overthrow of the monarchy in 1958. 2. See Phebe Marr. p. Iraq did have a quasi-parliamentary system.” in The Wall Street Journal. chapters 4 and 5. in Spain in 1936. 1995). also R. Samuel P. Free elections brought the German National Socialists to power. in 1861. Free elections have served as an effective path to peaceful change. 2004.318
Notes to Page 257
EPILOGUE: CONFLICT IN IRAQ
1. and may install a militant fundamentalist regime in Iraq.
. UK: University of Manchester. James Woolsey.leave the area. He already was spending time at the VanBennekom household, where he'd made friends with Panthers classmate Chris VanBennekom.

The year was 1981, Nime's sophomore year, and the same year Nime began working for what then was a Brann's restaurant on Alpine Avenue NE, within walking distance of the home the VanBennekoms kept in the Westgate development, just a mile off.

Thirty-two years later, he's still living there, although Chris and his three siblings – and their father – have moved on.

Now, it's just the matriarch, Carol VanBennekom, who's in her late 60s, and Nime, who's 49.

"It's always been kind of a family joke," says Carol. "Chris brought him home from school one day, and he just never left."

Turning serious, she emphasizes how much she now leans on


a distinct value judgment. Fahima was arrested in 2004, after one of her recurrent jaunts to Jenin, and held in administrative detention for four-and-a-half months. Her frequent hobnobbing with terrorists, most notably Zubeidi, to whom she took a special shine – he even let her pose with his gun and fire it – raised suspicion that the then-28-year-old was his active collaborator.

An eventual plea bargain led to her conviction on the “lesser” charges of translating and elucidating a classified military document for Zubeidi, proscribed contact with a foreign agent and violation of legal prohibitions against travel to Palestinian-controlled areas. She served two-thirds of her three-year sentence. During that time, the Palestinian Authority regularly deposited funds into her bank account, as the PA does for all its own apprehended }
    return ESP_OK;
err:
    return ret;
}

static esp_err_t emac_esp32_set_promiscuous(esp_eth_mac_t *mac, bool enable)
{
    emac_esp32_t *emac = __containerof(mac, emac_esp32_t, parent);
    emac_hal_set_promiscuous(&emac->hal, enable);
    return ESP_OK;
}

static esp_err_t emac_esp32_enable_flow_ctrl(esp_eth_mac_t *mac, bool enable)
{
    emac_esp32_t *emac = __containerof(mac, emac_esp32_t, parent);
    emac->flow_ctrl_enabled = enable;
    return ESP_OK;
}

static esp_err_t emac_esp32_set_peer_pause_ability(esp_eth_mac_t *mac, uint32_t ability)
{
    emac_esp32_t *emac = __containerof(mac, emac_esp32_t, parent);
    // we want to enable flow control, and peer does support pause function
    // then configure the MAC layer to enable flow control feature
    if (emac->flow_ctrl_enabled && ability) {
        emac_hal_enable_flow_ctrl(&emac->hal, true);


for (i = 0; i < CONFIG_ETH_DMA_RX_BUFFER_NUM; i++) {
        free(emac->hal.rx_buf[i]);
    }
    for (i = 0; i < CONFIG_ETH_DMA_TX_BUFFER_NUM; i++) {
        free(emac->hal.tx_buf[i]);
    }
    free(emac->hal.descriptors);
    free(emac);
    return ESP_OK;
}

// To achieve a better performance, we put the ISR always in IRAM
IRAM_ATTR void emac_esp32_isr_handler(void *args)
{
    emac_hal_context_t *hal = (emac_hal_context_t *)args;
    emac_esp32_t *emac = __containerof(hal, emac_esp32_t, hal);
    emac_hal_isr(args);
    if (emac->isr_need_yield) {
        emac->isr_need_yield = false;
        portYIELD_FROM_ISR();
    }
}

esp_eth_mac_t *esp_eth_mac_new_esp32(const eth_mac_config_t *config)
{
   has never been squarely before a Pennsylvania appellate court for determination, it has been discussed in several cases. The Superior Court of Pennsylvania in Hefferin, supra, held that § 303(b) of the Act made it a complete substitute for the common law tort actions by an employee against his or her employer. The court went on to state, "the intention of the amendments to Section 303 was to grant the employer total immunity from third party actions," and later stating this "bars its [employers] joinder as an additional defendant in this action. The employer's right to subrogation remains unchanged." Id. at 372 A.2d 871 (emphasis added). In a concurring opinion, Judge Van der Voort indicated that while the "amended act does not expressly provide that the employer cannot


keep people from defacing it, I suppose).

I exited the north side of the park and went to have a burrito for lunch. I then, as a couple times in the past, rode up Springfield’s riverside bikeway, though that path currently has a discontinuity. The portion of it that traveled on a bridge over railroad tracks is closed and under construction – part of the larger reconstruction being done on Interstate 91. So I had to ride on downtown streets for a ways, then go back to the path.

After reaching the northern end of the bikeway, I headed through Chicopee and back to home.

Another post involving pictures from this past spring – this time from early May. Around that time, a few bird nests got built on and aroundit meets in a building in Reykjavik – this building, to be exact:

It’s labeled on this side section:

As are the spaces on the street in front of it:

That third letter is the letter thorn, by the way, which has a soft ‘th’ sound. I’ve been transliterating it to ‘th’ in Althing and Thingvellir, among other words.

I thought this fountain was neat looking:

And yes, that is a hot dog stand in the background – it’s supposedly quite popular.

I came across some interesting sculptures on my way east through the city:

Not sure what to make of these folks:

or these polar bears:

I saw similar stuffed bears in chains in front of other stores. It’s some kind of thing…

At the far end of the street was one sight I wanted to make


turned off on a side road that goes west along the north side of the lake. There I was able to get close to the lake, as at this parking area:

The lake, complete with a fisherman off to the left:

I walked along the water a bit, and observed some interesting seaweed, which was very brightly colored:

It was also very stringy:

The plant life on the ground was mostly low-growing stuff, and not all of it green:

Continuing along toward the center of the park, I soon came to the odder parts of the landscape. Namely, various geologic fissures:

Iceland, and the national park in particular, sits on the divide between the North American and European tectonic plates, which are moving apart very slightly each year. It’s this action that causes muchof the ground breakage there.

Around these fissures, I also saw my first view of this long rock wall:

That wall borders the parliament plain (the Althing Vellir) itself. This is where the world’s first parliament met, established in the 10th century by the Viking settlers of Iceland.

When I got to the plain, I locked up the bike in a picnic area, and headed up some steps toward the rock wall. Here are some views of the plain from most of the way up:

There was a path in front of the rock wall, which went slightly downhill to the north:

And uphill to the south:

I followed the line of people uphill, and came to the top of the wall, with a viewing platform, and a good view of the lake and


to hold shut the side pocket. I then covered the top bag with a plastic trash bag and wrapped the borrowed bungee cord around it. This held it closed nice and tightly. I made a few holes for the buckles that would clip it on top of the panniers, and attached it. I then put over the whole array the rain fly that came with the bike luggage set. That would keep things dry and have the added benefit of holding the bags together.

I got going on the bike around 11:00am. I headed east, following a bike/walking path that paralleled the main road out of the city (Route 49). On the way, I encountered a river with an island of ducks (click on any image to see theQ:

inserting into mysql with php

I am trying my hand at inserting into a mysql db via a php form and im running into an issue where only the second form field is being entered but not the first.
EDIT
Here is the code after rewrite.
HTML
<form action="submit.php" method="post">
First Name: <input name="first_name" type="text" size="20" maxlength="25">

Last Name: <input name="last_name" type="text" size="20" maxlength="25">

</form>

PHP
$dbhost  = 'xx';
$dbname  = 'xx';
$dbuser  = 'xx';
$dbpass  = 'xx';
$con = mysqli_connect($dbhost, $dbuser, $dbpass);

$first_name = mysqli_real_escape_string($con, $_POST['first_name']);
$last_name = mysqli_real_escape_string($con, $_POST['last_name']);

$query = "INSERT INTO tbl_customerinfotest VALUES ('$first_name','$last_name');";
echo $query;

mysqli_close($con)

The database is connecting fine.. but still the same issue.  First name is giving a null value. Doing a print on the $post gives me:
Array ( [first_name] => [last_name] => collingwood
EDIT I changed the form name to firstname without


Q:

Browser autocomplete not allowing copy/keyup function to work

I am having an issue with some code I wrote. What I am doing is, I am creating an eCommerce checkout page and I have three different sections.
1. Shipping info
2. Billing info
3. Order confirmation info
The code I wrote is to basically to copy what was written in the shipping info section and show it in the order confirmation section farther down the page, so they can confirm that before ordering. The way I have it, it works great if the information in the shipping info form was typed in normally. But, if the customer double clicks in one of the input fields and allows the browsers auto-complete fill in the information, then this disables my code and it will not showpension plan.

The Conservatives make no secret of the fact that they are out to sabotage the project.

Setting up a provincial pension plan without federal co-operation would be fraught with bureaucratic difficulties and doable only at an even greater cost to the public purse.

Provinces such as Quebec and Saskatchewan that have introduced provincial variations of the Canada Pension Plan did so with full federal co-operation.

In Wynne’s place, any premier would likely have taken the bait.

The pension plan was part of the platform she was re-elected on a year ago. The Ontario Tories campaigned against it and finished with only 31 per cent of the vote on election night. That is less than the level of Ontario support Harper will need in October if he is to emerge with another


lives of the residents of Ramat Beit Shemesh and the entire area.”Lipman said that rioters “cannot be released to their homes but must experience the full strictness of the law,” as must “those who sent them – the rabbis who incite them.”The residential apartments project has been stalled for over two years, due to claims by the haredi Atra Kadisha organization that there may be Jewish graves at the site, something that might prohibit construction according to Jewish law.Kanievsky, perhaps the most authoritative haredi rabbi after current acknowledged haredi leader Rabbi Aharon Leib Shteinman, was approached on Monday night by the leaders of Atra Kadisha at his home, according to haredi news website Kikar Hashabbat.Following a lengthy discussion on the issue, Kanievsky decided to appoint a panel ofat the site as well as the physical attack he suffered last week in which he was beaten at his home, apparently in connection to the controversy.Goloventzitz and the Binyan Shalem company, which is overseeing the building project, say they are acting in accordance with the ruling of Eda Haredit second-in-command Rabbi Moshe Sternbuch, who ruled that it was permitted to build at the site.Hiddush, a religious freedom campaigning group, said that rioting committed by extremists connected to Eda Haredi were becoming an annual phenomenon during the summer.“It seems like its not so important what they’re protesting about and why they’re throwing stones, the most important thing is that the stones are thrown and donors receive the pictures,” said Hiddush’s director, attorney and Reform Rabbi Uri Regev. “The


Last updated on .From the section Rugby Union

Israel Folau is one of the Australia team's star players

Australia full-back Israel Folau will not be punished by Rugby Australia (RA) for anti-gay comments on social media.

Earlier this month, Folau, 29, suggested gay people would end up in hell and the governing body said it did not support his view.

In a Players Voice column external-link titled "I'm a sinner too" on Monday, he offered to "walk away" from his contract "if the situation had become untenable" for RA.

He also tried to explain his remarks and RA says it accepted his "position".

Chief executive Raelene Castle said: "Israel clearly articulated his religious beliefs and why his faith is important to him, and has provided context behind his social media comment.

"In his own words,Richard Stallman also presented the Award for Projects of Social Benefit, an award that focuses on the use of free software in the service of humanity, to Luis Falcon president of GNU Solidario for GNU Health, a free software project that works with health professionals around the world to improve the lives of the underprivileged.


AS t0_r7, "songs"."created_at" AS t0_r8, "songs"."updated_at" AS t0_r9, "songs"."position" AS t0_r10, "songs"."services" AS t0_r11, "songs"."moved_id" AS t0_r12, "songs"."details_updated_at" AS t0_r13, "songs"."genres_updated_at" AS t0_r14, "urls"."id" AS t1_r0, "urls"."url" AS t1_r1, "urls"."service_id" AS t1_r2, "urls"."media_id" AS t1_r3, "urls"."media_type" AS t1_r4, "urls"."extra" AS t1_r5 FROM "songs" INNER JOIN "artists" ON "artists"."id" = "songs"."artist_id" LEFT OUTER JOIN "url_bridges" ON "url_bridges"."media_bridge_id" = "songs"."id" AND "url_bridges"."media_bridge_type" = 'Song' LEFT OUTER JOIN "urls" ON "urls"."id" = "url_bridges"."url_id" WHERE (artists.active = 't') AND "songs"."id" IN (944) GROUP BY songs.id
PG::GroupingError: ERROR:  column "urls.id" must appear in the GROUP BY clause or be used in an aggregate function
LINE 1: ...AS t0_r13, "songs"."genres_updated_at" AS t0_r14, "urls"."id...
                      front *533 of the store and saw Lindsey standing next to a neighboring building. After Deputy Bachelor explained the circumstances to him, Carroll approached Lindsey, identified himself, and asked him "what was going on." Lindsey told him about the suspect $100 bill, and, in response to a direct question from Carroll, stated that he had driven himself, Turvin, and Johnson to the store in his truck. When Carroll asked whether Lindsey had any drugs or weapons in his truck, Lindsey responded: "Drugs? There ain't no drugs in there."
Carroll found the response unusual and, given the other circumstances Carroll regarded as suspicious, Lindsey's statement prompted Carroll to ask him for permission to search his truck. Lindsey consented, and during his search of the truck Carroll found a snuff can


up such a school.

Back then the police department had proposed that a plot measuring 14 kanals in Kotha Kalan (Morgah area) be used to construct the school building, but since Mr Anwar’s transfer in 2008 the project seems to have been shelved.

Recently, City Police Officer Rawalpindi Azhar Hameed Khokhar tried to revive the project, but was shocked to know that now it would cost Rs20 million.

After much negotiation with the management of the Educators in June this year, it has appeared that the police department would bear 50 per cent of the total cost of the project.

When Dawn spoke to Superintendent of Police Waheedur Rehman Khattak on the issue, he replied: “It would be of great benefit to the Rawalpindi police that the school was built on policethe sound of the track felt more like someone wanted to start a bar fight.

As a result we wrote about the inner struggle of excessive drinkers and self-destructive party animals that never rest, that hardly ever sleep, that suck up every last bit of energy as if they where on the run.

RYL: Which is the most important thing for you while doing music?

Smile and Burn: Obviously I cannot give a one-dimensional answer to this one. The fame, the money, the jacuzzis and the girls … champagne. So many reasons.

RYL: Which is the best verse you ever wrote?

Smile and Burn: This is an easy one and I guess the crown goes to our singer Phil for writing the verse of „Apologies And Alibis“.

We’ve always wanted to try something rap-ish


1 to 0 respectively. Therefore, the initial Hamiltonian is $\mathcal{H}_q$, which is the local transverse field, and the ground state is a superposition of all possible states. The final Hamiltonian is $\mathcal{H}_c$ at the end of the dynamics, and the ground state realizes the solution of the QUBO problem. The actual curves of the parameters in this study are depicted in Fig. \[fig\_schedule\_curves\]. $A$ and $B$ are functions of not $t$ directly but indirectly through $s(t)$, where $0 \le s \le 1$. We can design the shape of $s(t)$.

![ \[fig\_schedule\_curves\] (Color online) The scheduling parameters $A(s)$ and $B(s)$ as a function of $s$ in the D-Wave 2000Q. For a standard annealing schedule we choose $s(t) = t/\tau$, where $\tau$ is a total annealing period. In general, $s(t)$ can befrom Eq. (\[eq\_shrodinger\]) and $P_i(t+dt) = P_i(t) + \sum_j \mathcal{L}_{ij} P_j(t) dt$ from Eq. (\[eq\_master\]) for Eq. (\[eq\_interploate\_psi\]), and applying the assumption, i.e, replacing $\ket{\tilde{\psi}(t+dt)} \to \ket{\psi(t+dt)}$ and $P_i(t) \to |c_i(t)|^2$. Then, we have $$\begin{gathered}
    \label{eq_new_state}
    \ket{\psi(t+dt)} = \\
    \sum_i \sqrt{(1-\alpha)\bigl|c_i(t) - i \sum_j \mathcal{H}(t)_{ij} c_j(t) dt\bigr|^2 + \alpha \Bigl(|c_i(t)|^2 + \sum_j \mathcal{L}_{ij} |c_j(t)|^2 dt \Bigr)} \\
    \times \frac{c_i(t) - i \sum_j \mathcal{H}(t)_{ij} c_j(t) dt}{|c_i(t) - i \sum_j \mathcal{H}(t)_{ij} c_j(t) dt|} \ket{i} .\end{gathered}$$ A series expansion for $dt$ of this equation is $$\ket{\psi(t+dt)} = \sum_i c_i(t) \ket{i} + \mathcal{F}\big(\{c_i(t)\}, \mathcal{H}(t), \mathcal{L}, \alpha\big) dt + O(dt^2) ,$$ where $\mathcal{F}(\cdots)$ is the first order coefficient. This can be written as a difference equation, $$\ket{\psi(t+dt)} - \ket{\psi(t)} = \mathcal{F}\big(\{c_i(t)\}, \mathcal{H}(t), \mathcal{L}, \alpha\big)


P_c$ ratio data, we eliminated 33 ($\sim$0.17%) data located outside 6 median absolute deviations (about 4 $\sigma$). ](Fig4.eps){width="85mm"}

Numerical simulations {#sec_simulations}
=====================

In our previous paper, we developed a method that represents open quantum systems by interpolating between quantum mechanics and thermodynamics. Energy in the system dissipates not through an external thermal bath, but via the incorporated dynamics governed by the master equation. We reported the dynamics of a single-spin system and larger systems by analytical and numerical expressions, respectively. In the latter approach, we did not take a continuous-time limit to obtain final merged differential equations. In the present paper, we expand our method to the analytical expression of larger systems. The nonlinear differential equations of the quantum-signature Hamiltonian are symbolically obtained using Mathematica (version 11.3).

The RHS of Eq. (\[eq\_differential\]) isof different models found that the classical ground state tends to accumulate more probabilities when the number of free spins is increased[@Matsuda2009]. The same conclusion was reached in our current analysis. Thus, we expect that fair sampling will emerge in the models[@Matsuda2009] and in more general cases. The biased sampling problem and possible performance improvements using thermal fluctuations have also been discussed[@Mandra2017]. The authors suggested hybrid architectures that encourage thermal fluctuations, as also supported by our findings.

Our method is not only limited to simulate quantum annealers but also can be applied to enhance the understanding of quantum devices, such as noisy intermediate-scale quantum devices. Such further applications would reveal the usefulness and limitations of the method.

Acknowledgment {#acknowledgment .unnumbered}
==============

We are grateful to S. Tanaka, M. J. Miyama, H. Irie


and S. Okada and D-Wave support team for their helpful discussions and suggestions. We are also grateful to the reviewer for pointing out the relation between our proposed method and stochastic Schrödinger equation. Part of the work is financially supported by MEXT KAKENHI Grant No. 15H03699 and 16H04382, and by ImPACT and JST START.

Derivation for a two-level system
=================================

We demonstrate to derive differential equations of ID for a two-level system. The system consists of a spin interacting with the virtical field $\mathcal{H}_c = -h \sigma^z$ and the transverse field $\mathcal{H}_q = -\Gamma \sigma^x$. Thus, a matrix representation of the Hamiltonian is, $$\mathcal{H} = \mathcal{H}_c + \mathcal{H}_q = \left(
  \begin{matrix}
    -h & -\Gamma \\
    -\Gamma & h
  \end{matrix}
  \right)$$ Using theteenager I was enthusiastic about chess. I'd always been fascinated by the game, and felt frustrated at age 6 or 7 when my father refused to teach it to me.

"You should learn checkers first," he said.

I was initiated into the game at age 8, I think, by my classmate Bill. I'm not sure whether he knew the game properly himself, but he got me started.

In 1972, when I was 13, the world was on fire over the apocalyptic (so the press would have had us think) world-championship match between Boris Spassky and Bobby Fischer in Reykjavik. Incredible though it may seem, each game in the 24-game series was front-page news worldwide. Now my father taught me how to read chess notation, and we would examine the games together--some


my mind. Recently it rose to the surface again, but not regarding chess, which I haven't played for years, but in regard to--you guessed it--my opus in progress. Trying to nap after lunch, or lying awake in the dark of night, the words haunt me: "turtle-paced inanity".

True, this is hare-speak. The turtle's pace suits the turtle. For the Preacher in Ecclesiastes it's a matter of painful irony that the race is not always to the swift, but Aesop provided a reason for that apparent anomaly in his fable of the tortoise and the hare. Hares are cocky and goof off.

But maybe that's just turtle-speak. No doubt turtles (or tortoises) have copies of Aesop tucked in their shells: consoling words for when the hares are sopping up the glory.

Turtle-paceda chilling tale of poverty, crime, and punishment that is all the more gripping because it's his own life-story.

One interesting problem, which I noticed for the first time yesterday, is that memoir-writers, in addition to falling prey to the usual flaws of gimmicky openers and window-dressing prologues, tend to overdo description. As I thought about it, I realized the cause.

The memoir-writer in some ways has the opposite difficulty of the fiction-writer: while the fiction-writer is often in the situation of trying to pump from a dry well--coming up with enough details to make a scene vivid--the memoir-writer has a superabundance of material to choose from. If you have a good memory, any scene from your life is full of details: the specific, life-giving touches that make an image


as processors from the Intel(copyright) 64-bit Itanium(trademark) family of processors (available from Intel Corporation, Santa Clara, Calif. U.S.A.), can produce a significant amount of heat, which can be in the order of several hundred watts of heat. To compound the problem, when a server at this performance level is packaged in an industry-standard xe2x80x9c1Uxe2x80x9d height server (i.e. only 1.75 inches (4.445 cm) in height), heat dissipation can become a significant concern. If the heat is not adequately dissipated, the server equipment could be damaged, or the processors could be automatically throttled down to operate at a slower speed than their nominal rating.
Many air-cooled systems have been used to cool electronics equipment, including computer equipment, in the past. In the past, relatively high performance electronic equipment generally required larger,see employment and social protection as simply outcomes affected by the new macroeconomic monitoring framework, the impact of which would have to be studied, but also as factors stimulating macroeconomic and fiscal growth in the short and medium term. This is important if we want to avoid an unbalanced macroeconomic framework and preserve the institutional balance sought by the treaties.
The Council's willingness to promote Article 9 in practice is also evident in the European Semester, which has to reflect, in an integrated approach, a balanced position between the Europe 2020 Strategy and the Stability and Growth Pact. The principles contained in Article 9 must therefore apply across all these documents and legislative measures so that they become an integrated whole.
With this in mind, the Council carried out its


that growth could decline slightly. The number of people unemployed in the European Union is currently 23 million. This crisis has opened up a significant social gap, and, moreover, it has put pressure on public finances and even threatened the future of the euro.
It is essential that we strengthen the economic governance of the European Union in order to respond to the crisis and ensure the future of the EU project. In order to tackle these common challenges, we need to restore growth and employment, change the economic model and promote global sustainable development, and we must do so while ensuring the future of the European social model.
From the first economic crisis in 1929, we learnt that the public authorities have a commitment to restoring growth and employment;from the second economic crisis, which was the rebuilding of Europe following the Second World War, that the new Europe should be built on foundations of social justice. Neither of those lessons must be forgotten, and both of them must play an integral role in the future of a sustainable Europe.
Article 9 of our Treaty on the Functioning of the EU states that 'In defining and implementing its policies and activities, the Union shall take into account requirements linked to the promotion of a high level of employment, the guarantee of adequate social protection, the fight against social exclusion, and a high level of education, training and protection of human health.'
It is not, therefore, just a question of austerity. Austerity could cause the economy to contract. We need