Conditions: Covid19
Keywords: COVID-19 SARS-CoV Aggrenox Dipyridamole Aspirin
Allocation: RANDOMIZED | Intervention model: PARALLEL
Enrollment: 98
Healthy volunteers: no

Brief summary:
The purpose of this study is to explore the efficacy of Aggrenox in patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection with symptoms consistent with COVID-19. An anticipated total of 132 participants will be randomly divided almost equally into 2 groups: one group will receive Dipyridamole ER 200mg/ Aspirin 25mg orally/enterally along with the standard of care and the other group with receive the standard of care only but no Dipyridamole ER 200mg/ Aspirin 25mg. Participants will be screened, enrolled, receive treatment, and followed for 28 days. The clinical and laboratory outcomes of all the participants enrolled in the study will be evaluated at the end of the study to explore if there is any difference in the outcomes between 2 groups.

Detailed description:
Purpose/Specific Aims: The purpose of this study is to explore the efficacy of Aggrenox in patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection with symptoms consistent with COVID-19.

Among 132 SARS-CoV-2 patients (66 patients in each randomized arm), we will determine the efficacy of Aggrenox on clinical outcomes.

Hypotheses / Research Question(s) Compared to standard care, the addition of Aggrenox (Dipyridamole ER 200mg/ Aspirin 25mg), to standard care will result in improvement in the composite COVID ordinal scale at day 15. Additionally, combined Aggrenox (Dipyridamole ER 200mg/ Aspirin 25mg orally/enterally), and standard care will reduce the need for ventilation, length of mechanical ventilation, hospital length of stay, ICU length of stay, decrease risk of thromboembolic complications and improve survival more than standard care alone in SARS-CoV-2 patients.

Research Design and Methods Randomized design. Participants will be randomized 1:1 to Aggrenox or standard treatment. Arm 1: Active Comparator: (Aggrenox (Dipyridamole ER 200mg/ Aspirin 25mg orally/enterally).

Participants will receive Aggrenox (Dipyridamole ER 200mg/ Aspirin 25mg orally/enterally), 2 times daily (FDA-recommended dose) starting on the day of enrollment for a total of 2 weeks + standard care.

Arm 2: Standard care Comparator: Participants will receive standard care starting on the day of enrollment for a total of 2 weeks.

The investigators will perform a randomized, 2-arm, open-label single-site pilot study to evaluate the effect of oral Aggrenox (Dipyridamole ER 200mg/ Aspirin 25mg orally/enterally), on clinical outcomes in patients with SARS-CoV-2. In this research proposal, investigators will randomly assign 132 consenting participants with diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 to two treatment groups: 1) Aggrenox (Dipyridamole ER 200mg/ Aspirin 25mg orally/enterally) + standard care and 2) standard care alone. Participants will be screened, enrolled, receive treatment and followed for 28 days. The study aim and procedure will be explained to every eligible subject and informed consent will be obtained from interested subjects or authorized proxy to participate in the study. The investigators will collect demographic, clinical, laboratory and radiological data. The patients would be followed daily for 2 weeks after enrollment while the patient is in the hospital and once discharged, they will be called every 3rd day to follow up on the symptoms.

Arms:
arm 1: Dipyridamole ER 200mg/ Aspirin 25mg orally/enterally plus standard care. Participants will receive Dipyridamole ER 200mg/ Aspirin 25mg orally/enterally), 2 times daily starting on the day of enrollment for a total of 2 weeks. arm 2: Participants will receive standard care starting on the day of enrollment for a total of 2 weeks. Standard of care treatment consist of an intravenous Remidesivir 200 mg loading dose and then 100 mg/daily for a total of 4 days for non-intubated patients and 10 days for intubated patients, intravenous/oral decadron 6 mg/daily for 10 days and prophylactic subcutaneous LMWH daily, started on the day of enrollment and for the duration of hospitalization. If the patients are discharged before 10 days, they are prescribed oral decadron 6 mg daily to complete the course of 10 days.

Interventions: intervention 1: Dipyridamole ER 200mg/ Aspirin 25mg orally/enterally AND Standard of care intervention 2: Standard of care
Intervention descriptions: intervention 1: Participants in the experimental group will receive Dipyridamole ER 200mg/ Aspirin 25mg orally/enterally (if they have a feeding tube), 2 times daily starting on the day of enrollment for a total of 2 weeks. intervention 2: Participants will receive standard care starting on the day of enrollment for a total of 2 weeks. Standard of care treatment consist of an intravenous Remidesivir 200 mg loading dose and then 100 mg/daily for a total of 4 days for non-intubated patients and 10 days for intubated patients, intravenous/oral decadron 6 mg/daily for 10 days and prophylactic subcutaneous LMWH daily, started on the day of enrollment and for the duration of hospitalization. If the patients are discharged before 10 days, they are prescribed oral decadron 6 mg daily to complete the course of 10 days.

Protocol document:
Prot_SAP_003.pdf: 
Aggrenox To Treat Acute Covid-19 
NCT04410328 
Study Protocol and Statistical Analysis Plan 
Document Date May 25, 2021 


Protocol Title: ATTAC-19 – Aggrenox To Treat Acute Covid-19 
Pro#2020001469
Protocol Version 6 Date: 4/18/2021
Page 0 of 37
Department of Neurological Surgery
Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey
90 Bergen Street, Suite 8100
Newark, NJ 07103
INTERVENTIONAL
RESEARCH PROTOCOL TEMPLATE
(HRP-503a)
STUDY INFORMATION
• Title of Project:
A randomized controlled trial to evaluate the outcomes with Aggrenox in patients with 
SARS-CoV-2 infection 
• Principal Investigators Name
Amit Singla, MD, FAANS
• Principal Investigator Div. & Dept.
Neurosurgery
• Principal Investigator Contact Info: 
E mail: As3321@njms.rutgers.edu
Address: DOC 8th Floor, 90 Bergen Street, Newark, NJ 07013
Phone: 9739725633
• Protocol Version and Date:
Version 6, 4/8/2021
Pro#2020001469
• Co-Investigators:
• Steven Libutti, MD
• Anil Nanda, MD
• Anne Sutherland, MD
• Ana Natale, MD
• Sunil Patel, MD
• Yingda Xie, MD
• Dorothy Castro, MD
• Diana Finkel, MD
• Reena Khianey MD
• Amee Patrawala, MD
• Padmapriya Banada, PhD
• Maninder Pal Kaur, MD
• Enoc Fernandez, MD
• Sanna Bdiiwi, MD
• Nipun Suri, MD
• Ivo Bach, MD
• Htay Htay Kyi, MD
• Hala Boktor, MD
• Joseph Koziol, MD
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Protocol Title: ATTAC-19 – Aggrenox To Treat Acute Covid-19 
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Protocol Version 6 Date: 4/18/2021
Page 1 of 37
Department of Neurological Surgery
Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey
90 Bergen Street, Suite 8100
Newark, NJ 07103
Table of Contents
Skip To Section: Hold CTRL + Click (Below) To Follow Link in Blue
1.0
Research Design
1.1
Purpose/Specific Aims
1.2
Research Significance
1.3
Research Design and Methods
1.4
Preliminary Data
1.5
Sample Size Justification
1.6
Study Variables
1.7
Drugs/Devices/Biologics
1.8
Specimen Collection
1.9
Data Collection
1.10
Timetable/Schedule of Events
2.0
Project Management
2.1
Research Staff and Qualifications
2.2
Research Staff Training
2.3
Resources Available
2.4
Research Sites
3.0
Multi-Center Research
4.0
Subject Considerations
4.1
Subject Selection and Enrollment Considerations
4.2
Secondary Subjects
4.3
Number of Subjects
4.4
Consent Procedures
4.5
Special Consent Populations
4.6
Economic Burden and/or Compensation For Subjects
4.7
Risks of Harm/Potential for Benefits to Subjects to Subjects
5.0
Special Considerations
5.1
Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA)
5.2
Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act (FERPA)
5.3
Code of Federal Regulations Title 45 Part 46 (Vulnerable Populations)
5.4
General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR)
5.5
 NJ Access to Medical Research Act (Surrogate Consent) 
6.0
Data Management Plan
6.1
Data Analysis
6.2
Data Security
6.3
Data Safety And Monitoring
6.4
Reporting Results
6.5
Secondary Use of the Data
7.0
Research Repositories – Specimens and/or Data
8.0
Approvals/Authorizations
9.0
Bibliography
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Page 2 of 37
Department of Neurological Surgery
Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey
90 Bergen Street, Suite 8100
Newark, NJ 07103
1.0 Research Design
1.1 Purpose/Specific Aims
The purpose of this study is to explore the efficacy of Aggrenox (Dipyridamole ER 200mg 
and Aspirin 25mg), in brand or generic formulation, in patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection 
with symptoms consistent with COVID-19. For ease, we will identify the drug as Aggrenox, 
regardless of the formulation.
Among 132 SARS-CoV-2 patients (66 patients in each randomized arm), we will 
determine the efficacy of Aggrenox on clinical outcomes.
A.  Endpoints:
      Primary Endpoint:
Change in composite COVID ordinal scale at day 15. Ordinal scale: 1) not hospitalized with 
resumption of normal activities; 2) not hospitalized, but unable to resume normal activities; 
3) hospitalized, not requiring oxygen; 4) hospitalized, requiring oxygen; 5) hospitalized, 
requiring high-flow oxygen therapy, or noninvasive ventilation; 6) hospitalized, requiring 
invasive ventilation; 7) ventilation plus additional organ support such as vasopressors, renal 
replacement therapy and ECMO and 8) death.
Secondary Endpoints:
1) all-cause mortality assessed on day 15 and day 28. 
2) oxygen-free days through day 28. 
3) invasive-ventilator-free days through day 28. 
4) ICU-free days through day 28.
5) hospital-free days through day 28. 
6) increase in cycle threshold (Ct) of SARS-CoV-2 PCR test as an approximation of decline 
in viral load at days 7 and 15. 
7) decrease in the markers D-dimer/ ferritin/ c-reactive protein at days 7 and 15.
8) thromboembolic complications including stroke at day 28.
9) Change in COVID ordinal scale at day 28.
10) When feasible urine will be analyzed for markers of tubular injury IL-18, kidney injury 
molecule-1 [KIM-1], neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin [NGAL]), inflammation 
(monocyte 
chemoattractant 
protein-1 
[MCP-1]), 
and 
repair 
(human 
cartilage 
glycoprotein-40 [YKL-40]
B.  Hypotheses / Research Question(s)
Compared to standard care, addition of Aggrenox (Dipyridamole ER 200mg/ Aspirin 25mg), 
to standard care will result in improvement in composite COVID ordinal scale at day 15. 
Additionally, combined Aggrenox (Dipyridamole ER 200mg/ Aspirin 25mg orally/enterally), 
and standard care will reduce need for ventilation, length of mechanical ventilation, hospital 
length of stay, ICU length of stay and improve survival more than standard care alone in 
SARS-CoV-2 patients.
1.2 Research Significance
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome 
coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and which has recently evolved into a pandemic posing a serious 
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Department of Neurological Surgery
Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey
90 Bergen Street, Suite 8100
Newark, NJ 07103
threat to public health worldwide.1,2. Thus, development of effective preventative and therapeutic 
interventions is paramount.
     Despite its importance, information about pathologic mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2 remains 
incomplete. Recent data suggests the role of exaggerated immune/inflammatory response and 
hypercoagulability as pathogenic mechanisms leading to clinical manifestations such as acute 
respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), stroke and extrapulmonary multiorgan dysfunction.3 Due 
to the significant activation of coagulation system, the coagulopathy associated with COVID-19 
may result in thromboembolic complications such as deep venous thrombosis, pulmonary 
embolism and strokes.4 
Prophylactic anti-coagulation therapies have become the standard of care in the management 
of these patients.4 The International society of thrombosis and hemostasis has recommended 
that all COVID-19 patients admitted to the hospital, irrespective of the severity of their illness, 
should be started on prophylactic dose of low molecular weight heparin (LMWH).5 The Society 
of thrombosis and haemostasis research also recommended that all hospitalized COVID-19 
patients should receive pharmacological venous thromboembolism (VTE) prophylaxis unless 
contraindicated.6 Recent literature shows that the risk of thromboembolism is higher in patients 
admitted to the ICU. For the patients admitted to the ICU or having additional risk factors for 
VTE such as BMI> 30mkg/m2, history of VTE or rapidly rising D-dimer levels, high-risk 
prophylactic LMWH dosages twice daily should be considered.6 The therapeutic doses of either 
UFH or LMWH should be considered for those who have confirmed thrombosis including filter 
thrombosis.7 The anti-inflammatory properties of LMWH have been suggested to provide 
additional benefits in COVID-19 patients.4 
Utilization of a therapeutic that can simultaneously intervene along multiple pathways (viral 
replication, inflammation, vasoconstriction, and coagulation) can dramatically improve patient 
outcomes.    
Adenosine is a highly potent immunoregulatory nucleoside that interferes with inflammatory 
processes by modulating the biosynthesis and release of proinflammatory cytokines, slowing 
down the oxidative activity, preventing platelet aggregation, and reducing neutrophils adhesion 
and degranulation.8,9 One mechanism to increase extracellular adenosine is to inhibit 
intracellular uptake of adenosine and thereby capitalize on its anti-inflammatory properties. It 
has a wide-ranging effects on multiple organ systems by interacting with different adenosine 
receptors.9 Equilibrative nucleoside transporters (ENTs) are nucleoside transporters that 
regulate the flux of endogenous nucleosides, nucleobases and therapeutic analogs.10 Given the 
critical nature of regulating nucleosides in a number of pathological processes, ENTs have 
emerged as a druggable target. ENT inhibitors are used to modulate nucleosides in a number of 
disease states including viral infections such as HIV11, and tumors12.
     Dipyridamole (DIP) is one such ENT inhibitor (specific for the major and ubiquitous 
nucleoside transporter ENT-1), that inhibits nucleoside (adenosine) uptake into the endothelial 
and other cells and has been shown to enhance the anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory 
effect of adenosine.13 A recent study has shown that DIP increases extracellular adenosine 
levels and thereby provides a significant decrease in CD8+T-cell activation and decreased 
macrophage activation among persons with HIV-1 infection on antiviral  therapy.11 
DIP may have additional therapeutic advantages to SARS-CoV-2 patients. DIP is a widely 
known phosphodiesterase (PDE) inhibitor with antiplatelet14 and vasodilatoratory15 effects. Of 
particular note, a recent screen of FDA approved drugs identified the ability of DIP to effectively 
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Department of Neurological Surgery
Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey
90 Bergen Street, Suite 8100
Newark, NJ 07103
suppress SARS-CoV-2 replication with a therapeutically achievable EC50 concentration of 100 
nM.16 Moreover, a small study of 22 COVID-19 patients suggested improved outcomes 
including reduction in coagulation markers.17 These antiviral data are not without precedent as 
DIP has also been shown to have powerful antiviral activity against single-stranded RNA viruses 
in vitro, and in a VSV-induced viral pneumonia model in vivo.18-20 Additional possible benefits 
could include the anti-inflammatory action and promotion of mucosal healing.21 It may also 
prevent acute injury and progressive fibrosis of the lung, heart, liver, and kidney.22 In one small 
clinical series of 12 patients (pre-print, not peer-reviewed data), the authors used DIP as a 
prophylactic anti-coagulation therapy and reported significantly increased platelet and 
lymphocyte counts and decreased D-dimer levels in comparison to control patients. Two weeks 
after initiation of DIP therapy 60% of their severe patients and all patients with mild disease 
were discharged from the hospital.17 
     Aspirin is a well-known anti-platelet drug with anti-inflammatory properties. Aspirin inhibits 
platelet cyclooxygenase-1 activity that is essential for generation of thromboxane A2. 
Thromboxane A2 is a potent vasoconstrictor that also induces platelet aggregation and release 
of proinflammatory proteins from platelet storage granules. The literature evidence suggests 
that aspirin plus extended-release dipyridamole may be more suitable for preventing secondary 
stroke because, in addition to their antiplatelet actions, these drugs possess complementary 
anti-inflammatory properties.23
     Thus, we hypothesize that Aggrenox (Dipyridamole ER 200mg/ Aspirin 25mg 
orally/enterally), adjunctive therapy can be useful for SARS-CoV-2 infected patients through 
enhancing immune recovery, antiviral properties, and correcting the coagulation profile. 
     We propose a randomized, 2-arm, open-label single-site pilot study to evaluate the effect of 
oral/enteral Aggrenox on clinical outcomes in patients with SARS-CoV. We will randomly assign 
132 consenting participants to two treatment groups: 1) Aggrenox (Dipyridamole ER 200mg/ 
Aspirin 25mg orally/enterally), + standard care and 2) standard care alone. We will collect 
demographic, clinical, laboratory and radiological data. The patients would be followed daily for 
2 weeks after enrollment while the patient is in the hospital and once discharged, they will be 
called every 3rd day to follow up on the symptoms. 
1.2 Research Design and Methods
1: 1 Randomized design.
Arm 1: Aggrenox plus standard care. Participants will receive Aggrenox (Dipyridamole ER 
200mg/ Aspirin 25mg orally/enterally), 2 times daily (FDA–recommended dose) starting on the 
day of enrollment for a total of 2 weeks along with standard care.
Arm 2: Standard care. Participants will receive standard care starting on the day of enrollment 
for a total of 2 weeks. 
We will perform a randomized, 2-arm, open-label single-site pilot study to evaluate the effect of 
oral Aggrenox (Dipyridamole ER 200mg/ Aspirin 25mg orally/enterally), on clinical outcomes in 
patients with SARS-CoV-2. In this research proposal, we will randomly assign 132 consenting 
participants with diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 to two treatment groups: 1) Aggrenox (Dipyridamole 
ER 200mg/ Aspirin 25mg orally/enterally) + standard care and 2) standard care alone. 
Participants will be screened, enrolled, receive treatment and followed for 28 days. The study 
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Department of Neurological Surgery
Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey
90 Bergen Street, Suite 8100
Newark, NJ 07103
aim and procedure will be explained to every eligible subject and informed consent will be 
obtained from interested subjects or authorized proxy to participate in the study. We do not 
anticipate problems with enrollment as sufficient number of COVID-19 patients are admitted at 
Rutgers-NJMS (approximately 2-5 new COVID-19 admissions daily, and total 18-20 patients 
who are currently admitted at Rutgers-NJMS with 5-6 patients in intensive care units).
Randomization. The P.I. or study coordinator will review the screening and enroll participants 
in the randomization. Once a participant has been randomized, we will conduct all evaluations 
irrespective of whether the participant starts the treatment, and how long the participants 
continues on the treatment or not. SARS-CoV-2 patients will be allocated in a 1:1 randomized 
fashion using computer generated random sequence to one of two groups: the Aggrenox 
(Dipyridamole ER 200mg/ Aspirin 25mg orally/enterally), plus standard care or the standard 
care. Data collection will end after 28 days, or the patient dies or withdraws consent.
A. Research Procedures
Study Procedures: 
Day 0 – Screening Visit: (Complete baseline COVID Case report form – Appendix B: Module 1)
o Review eligibility criteria 
o Obtain informed consent for trial enrollment
o Demographic data
o Medical history
o Physical examination – will be performed as part of the routine care and will be 
abstracted from the medical record
o Vital signs (blood pressure, heart rate, temperature) -  will be abstracted from the 
medical record
o Electrocardiogram - will be performed as part of the routine care and will be abstracted 
from the medical record
o Labs: CBC, BMP, Coagulation profile, Ferritin, D-Dimer, CRP. will be collected as part 
of the routine care and will be abstracted from the medical record
o Concomitant medications (starting from the time the patient signs the informed 
consent)
o Collection of research samples: 
•
Saliva, oral, nasal, and pharyngeal swabs, and sputum (if spontaneously 
producing sputum or intubated) for SARS-CoV-2 RNA will be collected at 
baseline day 0
o
Randomize study participant through RedCap. 
Treatment Period –Days 1 - 14 (Complete daily COVID Case report form – Appendix B: 
Module 2)
 Clinical assessment completed by Research Nurse. May be conducted by phone if the 
patient is discharged before 14 days. 
•  Review of daily temperatures 
•  Review of medication compliance 
•  Adverse events 
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Department of Neurological Surgery
Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey
90 Bergen Street, Suite 8100
Newark, NJ 07103
•  Record standard of care treatments and/or procedures prescribed 
o
Labs: At day 7 and day 14: we will abstract CBC, BMP, Coagulation profile, Ferritin, D-
Dimer, CRP results from the medical record.
o
Collect research specimens: 
o
Saliva, oral, nasal, and pharyngeal swabs, and sputum (if spontaneously producing 
sputum or intubated) for SARS-CoV-2 RNA will be collected at day 7 and day 14 in a 
subset of patients. 
o
Urine samples will be collected on day 1 and day 14.
Treatment Period –Days 15 - 28 (Complete daily COVID Case report form – Appendix B: 
Module 2)
 Clinical assessment completed by Research Nurse. May be conducted by phone if the 
patient is discharged before 14 days. 
•  Review of daily temperatures 
•  Adverse events 
•  Record standard of care treatments and/or procedures prescribed
•
COVID ordinal outcomes scale on day 28.
Discharge/ Death: Complete COVID Case report form –(Appendix B: Module 3)
Treatment Plan: 
Participants will be randomized 1:1 to Aggrenox or standard treatment. 
•
Active Comparator: (Aggrenox (Dipyridamole ER 200mg/ Aspirin 25mg orally/enterally). 
Participants will receive Aggrenox (Dipyridamole ER 200mg/ Aspirin 25mg 
orally/enterally), 2 times daily (FDA–recommended dose) starting on the day of 
enrollment for a total of 2 weeks + standard care. 
•
Standard care Comparator: Participants will receive standard care starting on the day of 
enrollment for a total of 2 weeks. 
2.
Subject Enrollment 
1.
Patients who are eligible for the study will be enrolled in the clinical trial after they or their 
authorized proxy provide informed consent for study participation. A copy of the institution’s 
IRB approved informed consent will be on file RedCap. The patients will be enrolled through 
RedCap, the Clinical Trials Management System for this study. Contact the Rutgers Clinical 
Trials Unit, if you have any questions about the Registration/Enrollment process. 
•  Registration: Any subject that has signed the consent will be entered into RedCap. A Copy of 
the consent will be uploaded into the Documents section. 
•  Enrollment: Once eligibility has been confirmed, the completed, signed and dated eligibility 
checklist will be uploaded into the Documents section. RedCap will randomize the patient and a 
sequence number (subject study ID) will be generated at the time of enrollment, this is the point 
the patient is considered on study. 
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Department of Neurological Surgery
Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey
90 Bergen Street, Suite 8100
Newark, NJ 07103
Patients will not start protocol treatment prior to registration. 
3.
Study Safety Assessments 
The Principal Investigator is responsible for ensuring that all staff involved in the study are 
familiar with the content of this section. 
Definitions: 
• Adverse Events: 
An adverse event is the development of an undesirable medical condition or the deterioration of 
a pre-existing medical condition following or during exposure to a pharmaceutical product, 
whether considered causally related to the product. An undesirable medical condition can be 
symptoms (e.g. nausea, chest pain), signs (e.g. tachycardia, enlarged liver) or the abnormal 
results of an investigation (e.g. laboratory findings, electrocardiogram). In clinical studies, an AE 
can include an undesirable medical condition occurring at any time, including run-in or washout 
periods, even if no study treatment has been administered. The term AE is used to include both 
serious and non- serious AEs. 
• Serious Adverse Events: 
A serious adverse event is an AE occurring during any study phase (i.e., screening, run- in, 
treatment, wash-out, follow-up), at any dose of the study drugs that fulfills one or more of the 
following criteria and deemed secondary to the use of study drug: 

Results in death

Is immediately life-threatening

Requires in-patient hospitalization or prolongation of existing hospitalization

Results in persistent or significant disability or incapacity

Is a congenital abnormality or birth defect

Is an important medical event that may jeopardize the patient or may require medical   
intervention to prevent one of the outcomes listed above.
1.1.1
The causality of SAEs (their relationship to all study treatment/procedures) will be 
assessed by the investigator(s) and communicated to Boehringer Ingelheim (BI) via BI 
SAE form and the FDA via MedWatch form, if applicable. 
      Causality will be reported as either “Yes” or “No”.

Yes:
There is a reasonable causal relationship between the investigational product 
administered and the AE. 

No:
There is no reasonable causal relationship between the investigational product 
administered and the AE.
2.
Recording of Adverse Events
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Department of Neurological Surgery
Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey
90 Bergen Street, Suite 8100
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Non-serious adverse events and SAEs will be determined from the time the patient is enrolled 
into the study and up to and including the 2 weeks follow-up period (after the completion of 2 
weeks of treatment with Aggrenox) for a total of 28 days . All grade 3 or higher AEs will be 
recorded. Grade 1-2 AEs do not need to be recorded. After withdrawal from treatment, subjects 
must be followed-up for all existing and new AEs for 14 calendar days after the last dose of trial 
drug and/or until event resolution. All new AEs occurring during that period must be recorded (if 
SAEs, they must be reported to the DSMB and Rutgers IRB as per SOPs.). AEs will be 
recorded per Rutgers IRB SOPs. The common terminology criteria for adverse events (CTCAE) 
will be used as a reference to grade the adverse events. 
(https://ctep.cancer.gov/protocoldevelopment/electronic_applications/docs/CTCAE_v5_Quick_R
eference_8.5x11.pdf (Accessed on March 09, 2018)
All study-related adverse events/ SAEs must be followed until resolution, unless in the Treating 
Investigator’s opinion, the condition is unlikely to resolve due to the patient’s underlying disease. 
3.
Reporting of Serious Adverse Events
Investigators and other site personnel must inform the Rutgers IRB per the SOPs on the 
required forms. FDA will be informed per SOP, via a MedWatch, of any serious or unexpected 
adverse events that occur in accordance with the reporting obligations of 21 CFR 312.32. It is 
the responsibility of the principal investigator to compile all necessary information and ensure 
that the FDA receives a report according to the FDA reporting requirement timelines. 
In addition to FDA, the Sponsor shall report all SAEs and non-serious AEs that occur 
,throughout the treatment period and up to and including the 2 weeks follow-up period (after the 
completion of 2 weeks of treatment with Aggrenox) for a total of 28 days which are relevant for a 
reported SAEs and any AEs relevant to a reported SAE  by fax or other secure method using BI 
IIS SAE form to the BI Unique Entry Point in accordance with timeline specified in the safety 
data exchange agreement . 
For each adverse event, the investigator will provide the onset date, end date, causality, 
intensity,treatment required, outcome, seriousness, and action taken with the investigational 
drug. 
The investigator does not need to actively monitor patients for adverse events once the clinical 
trial has ended. However, if the investigator becomes aware of an SAE(s) that occurred after the 
patient has completed the clinical trial (including any protocol specified follow-up period), it 
should be reported to BI if investigator considers it as relevant to the BI study drug.
All SAEs meeting the criteria for expedited reporting will be reported to the Rutgers IRB within 
the mandated time frames. All SAEs within the safety follow-up window (e.g., within 14 days 
after the last dose of study medications) established in the protocol will be reported. 
Non-serious adverse events and SAEs will be collected from the time the patient is enrolled into 
the study, throughout the treatment period and up to and including the 2 weeks follow-up period 
(after the completion of 2 weeks of treatment with Aggrenox) for a total of 28 days. After 
withdrawal from treatment, subjects must be followed-up for all existing and new AEs for 14 
calendar days after the last dose of trial drug and/or until event resolution. All new AEs 
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Department of Neurological Surgery
Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey
90 Bergen Street, Suite 8100
Newark, NJ 07103
occurring during that period must be recorded (if SAEs, then they must be reported to the FDA 
as per their reporting criteria). All study-related toxicities/ SAEs must be followed until resolution, 
unless in the Treating Investigator’s opinion, the condition is unlikely to resolve due to the 
patient’s underlying disease. 
Clinical Safety Assessments 
•  Recording of Adverse Events 
Non-serious adverse events and SAEs will be determined from the time the study drug is given, 
throughout the treatment period and up to and including the 2 weeks follow up period. All grade 
3 or higher AEs will be recorded. Grade 1-2 AEs do not need to be recorded. After withdrawal 
from treatment, subjects must be followed-up for all existing and new AEs for 14 calendar days 
after the last dose of trial drug and/or until event resolution. All new AEs occurring during that 
period must be recorded (if SAEs, they must be reported to the DSMB and Rutgers IRB as per 
SOPs.). AEs will be recorded per Rutgers IRB SOPs. 
•  Adverse Events Based on Signs and Symptoms
When collecting AEs, the recording of diagnoses is preferred (when possible) to recording a list 
of signs and symptoms. However, if a diagnosis is known and there are other signs or 
symptoms that are not generally part of the diagnosis, the diagnosis and each sign or symptom 
will be recorded separately. 
•  Vital Signs
Temperature will be obtained at least two times a day (AM and PM). Nursing staff will record the 
temperature while the patient is in the hospital. Body temperature will be measured in degrees 
Fahrenheit using an automated thermometer. An automated thermometer will be provided to the 
patient once discharged from the hospital for checking the temperature at least once a day for 
the study duration (28 days total from the enrollment day). 
Study Efficacy/Response Assessments 
Change in composite COVID ordinal scale at day 15. Ordinal scale: 1) not hospitalized with 
resumption of normal activities; 2) not hospitalized, but unable to resume normal activities; 3) 
hospitalized, not requiring oxygen; 4) hospitalized, requiring oxygen; 5) hospitalized, requiring 
high-flow oxygen therapy, or noninvasive ventilation; 6) hospitalized, requiring invasive 
ventilation; 7) ventilation plus additional organ support such as pressors, renal replacement 
therapy and ECMO and 8) death.
Other response criteria used as secondary endpoints include the need of invasive ventilation, 
the days dependent on ventilator, hospital free days, thromboembolic complications, COVID 
ordinal scale at day 28 and mortality. 
Data Points
Case Report Forms24 
Completion of the electronic case report forms (eCRFs) will be done in accordance with the 
instructions outlined in the study specific data capture plan. All eCRFs are considered the 
primary data collection document for the study and are stored in RedCap in a confidential 
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Department of Neurological Surgery
Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey
90 Bergen Street, Suite 8100
Newark, NJ 07103
format. Only key personnel who are delegated in the delegation of authority log are permitted to 
make entries, changes, or corrections in the eCRF. All users of RedCap will complete user 
training, as required or appropriate per regulations. An audit trail will be maintained 
automatically by the electronic CRF management system. 
Data Points to be collected: 
•  Baseline medical history 
•  Treatment compliance 
•  Daily temperatures 
•  Symptoms of disease 
•
Adverse events 
•
Concomitant medications 
•
Any standard of care treatments or procedures to manage COVID-19 
Data Submission Timeline and Forms 
Completion of eCRFs will occur within 72 hours of study time point unless otherwise indicated. 
Baseline (pre-study) eCRFs (e.g., enrollment, medical history, concomitant medications, etc.) 
will be completed no later than 24 hours after the start of treatment. 
Study Duration: Study participants will be treated for fourteen (14) days and will then remain 
on follow-up for up to 4 weeks (28 days) total from their enrollment. The study will end for each 
subject upon the completion of their day 28 post enrollment follow-up interview. 
The study will be conducted over approximately 24 months: 6-8 months for enrollment and 
follow-up/data collection and 18 months for specimen processing and analysis, and data 
analysis.
We will account for all the patients registered in the study. The number of patients who were not 
evaluable, who died or withdrew before treatment was completed will be specified. The 
distribution of follow-up time will be described and the number of patients lost to follow-up will be 
given. 
B. Endpoints
Primary endpoint:
Change (as compared to baseline on day 0) in composite COVID ordinal scale at day 15 
Ordinal scale: 1) not hospitalized with resumption of normal activities; 2) not hospitalized, but 
unable to resume normal activities; 3) hospitalized, not requiring oxygen; 4) hospitalized, 
requiring oxygen; 5) hospitalized, requiring high-flow oxygen therapy, or noninvasive ventilation; 
6) hospitalized, requiring invasive ventilation; 7) ventilation plus additional organ support such 
as vasopressors, renal replacement therapy and ECMO and 8) death.
Secondary endpoints:
1) all-cause mortality assessed on day 15 and day 28. 
2) oxygen-free days through day 28. 
3) invasive-ventilator-free days through day 28. 
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Department of Neurological Surgery
Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey
90 Bergen Street, Suite 8100
Newark, NJ 07103
4) ICU-free days through day 28.
5) hospital-free days through day 28. 
6) increase in cycle threshold (Ct) of SARS-CoV-2 PCR test as an approximation of decline in 
viral load at days 7 and 15. 
7) Change in the inflammatory markers D-dimer/ ferritin/ c-reactive protein at days 7 and 15 as 
compared to baseline on day 0.
8) thromboembolic complications including stroke at day 28.
9) Change (as compared to baseline on day 0) in COVID ordinal scale at day 28.
10) if feasible urine will be analysed for markers of tubular injury IL-18, kidney injury molecule-1 
[KIM-1], 
neutrophil 
gelatinase-associated 
lipocalin 
[NGAL]), 
inflammation 
(monocyte 
chemoattractant protein-1 [MCP-1]), and repair (human cartilage glycoprotein-40 [YKL-40]
1.4 Preliminary Data
This is the first study of its kind. No preliminary data is available with the use of Aggrenox in 
patients with COVID-19. The use of Dipyridamole in a small unpublished study from China 
showed better outcomes in patients with COVID-19.17 
1.5 Sample Size Justification
The sample size of 132 patients (66 patients in each arm) was estimated to provide 90% power 
to detect a relative between-group difference of 20% reduction in composite ordinal scale (from 
day 0 to day 15) with assumption of mean composite ordinal scale value of 4.5 ± 1.6 (yes- this is 
SD) at baseline (day 0) and two-sided P value of 0.05.25 For primary efficacy, we will do an 
intention-to-treat analysis and include all patients who have undergone randomization and will 
adjust for the minimization variables. We will analyze continuous measures by means of linear 
regression and present as mean differences. For binary outcomes, we will present data as risk 
ratios from a binomial regression model.
1.6 Study Variables
A.   Independent Variables, Interventions, or Predictor Variables 
The following variables will be examined for treatment outcomes of efficacy and/or predict 
outcomes: 
•  Treatment 
•  Baseline temperature 
•  Baseline SARS-CoV test 
•  Baseline measure of inflammatory markers 
B.  Dependent Variables or Outcome Measures 
The following variables will be examined for changed as result of treatment or as predictors 
•  Treatment Compliance 
•  Change in the fever curve 
•  Improvement in vital signs 
•  Time to discharge (if hospitalized) 
•  Adverse Events (number/percentage/grade) 
•  Inpatient versus Outpatient  
•  Change from baseline SARS-CoV test
•  Change from baseline inflammatory markers 
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Department of Neurological Surgery
Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey
90 Bergen Street, Suite 8100
Newark, NJ 07103
1.7 Drugs/Devices/Biologics 
Generic name: Dipyridamole and Aspirin 
Commercial name: Aggrenox 
Aggrenox is a combination antiplatelet agent intended for oral administration. Each hard gelatin 
capsule contains 200 mg dipyridamole in an extended-release form and 25 mg aspirin, as an 
immediate- release sugar-coated tablet. In addition, each capsule contains the following inactive 
ingredients: acacia, aluminum stearate, colloidal silicon dioxide, corn starch, dimethicone, 
hypromellose, hypromellose phthalate, lactose monohydrate, methacrylic acid copolymer, 
microcrystalline cellulose, povidone, stearic acid, sucrose, talc, tartaric acid, titanium dioxide, 
and triacetin. Each capsule shell contains gelatin, red iron oxide and yellow iron oxide, titanium 
dioxide, and water. 
Source: Commercially available 
For complete information please refer to the package inserts at 
https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/search.cfm?labeltype=all&query=aggrenox
Dipyridamole 
Dipyridamole is an antiplatelet agent chemically described as 2,2',2'',2'''-[(4,8- 
Dipiperidinopyrimido[5,4-d]pyrimidine-2,6-diyl)dinitrilo]-tetraethanol. It has the following 
structural formula: 
C24H40N8O4 Mol. Wt. 504.63 
Dipyridamole is an odorless yellow crystalline substance, having a bitter taste. It is soluble in 
dilute acids, methanol and chloroform, and is practically insoluble in water. 
Aspirin 
The antiplatelet agent aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid) is chemically known as benzoic acid, 2- 
(acetyloxy)-, and has the following structural formula: 
C9H8O4 Mol. Wt. 180.16 
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Department of Neurological Surgery
Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey
90 Bergen Street, Suite 8100
Newark, NJ 07103
Aspirin is an odorless white needle-like crystalline or powdery substance. When exposed to 
moisture, aspirin hydrolyzes into salicylic and acetic acids, and gives off a vinegary odor. It is 
highly lipid soluble and slightly soluble in water. 
12 CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY 12.1 Mechanism of Action 
The antithrombotic action of AGGRENOX is the result of the additive antiplatelet effects of 
dipyridamole and aspirin. 
Dipyridamole 
Dipyridamole inhibits the uptake of adenosine into platelets, endothelial cells and erythrocytes in 
vitro and in vivo; the inhibition occurs in a dose-dependent manner at therapeutic concentrations 
(0.5–1.9 μg/mL). This inhibition results in an increase in local concentrations of adenosine which 
acts on the platelet A2-receptor thereby stimulating platelet adenylate cyclase and increasing 
platelet cyclic-3',5'- adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) levels. Via this mechanism, platelet 
aggregation is inhibited in response to various stimuli such as platelet activating factor (PAF), 
collagen and adenosine diphosphate (ADP). 
Dipyridamole inhibits phosphodiesterase (PDE) in various tissues. While the inhibition of cAMP-
PDE 
is weak, therapeutic levels of dipyridamole inhibit cyclic-3',5'-guanosine monophosphate-PDE 
(cGMP- PDE), thereby augmenting the increase in cGMP produced by EDRF (endothelium-
derived relaxing factor, now identified as nitric oxide). 
Aspirin 
Aspirin inhibits platelet aggregation by irreversible inhibition of platelet cyclooxygenase and thus 
inhibits the generation of thromboxane A2, a powerful inducer of platelet aggregation and 
vasoconstriction. 
Pharmacodynamics 
The effect of either agent on the other's inhibition of platelet reactivity has not been evaluated. 
Pharmacokinetics 
There are no significant interactions between aspirin and dipyridamole. The kinetics of the 
components are unchanged by their co-administration as AGGRENOX. 
Absorption 
Dipyridamole: 
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Department of Neurological Surgery
Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey
90 Bergen Street, Suite 8100
Newark, NJ 07103
Peak plasma levels of dipyridamole are achieved 2 hours (range 1–6 hours) after administration 
of a daily dose of 400 mg AGGRENOX (given as 200 mg BID). The peak plasma concentration 
at steady- state is 1.98 μg/mL (1.01–3.99 μg/mL) and the steady-state trough concentration is 
0.53 μg/mL (0.18– 1.01 μg/mL). 
Aspirin: 
Peak plasma levels of aspirin are achieved 0.63 hours (0.5–1 hour) after administration of a 50 
mg aspirin daily dose from AGGRENOX (given as 25 mg BID). The peak plasma concentration 
at steady- state is 319 ng/mL (175–463 ng/mL). Aspirin undergoes moderate hydrolysis to 
salicylic acid in the liver and the gastrointestinal wall, with 50%–75% of an administered dose 
reaching the systemic circulation as intact aspirin. 
Effect of Food 
Dipyridamole: 
When AGGRENOX capsules were taken with a high fat meal, dipyridamole peak plasma levels 
(Cmax) and total absorption (AUC) were decreased at steady-state by 20-30% compared to 
fasting. Due to the similar degree of inhibition of adenosine uptake at these plasma 
concentrations, this food effect is not considered clinically relevant. 
Aspirin: 
When AGGRENOX capsules were taken with a high fat meal, there was no difference for 
aspirin in AUC at steady-state, and the approximately 50% decrease in Cmax was not 
considered clinically relevant based on a similar degree of cyclooxygenase inhibition comparing 
the fed and fasted state. 
Distribution 
Dipyridamole: 
Dipyridamole is highly lipophilic (log P=3.71, pH=7); however, it has been shown that the drug 
does not cross the blood-brain barrier to any significant extent in animals. The steady-state 
volume of distribution of dipyridamole is about 92 L. Approximately 99% of dipyridamole is 
bound to plasma proteins, predominantly to alpha 1-acid glycoprotein and albumin. 
Aspirin: 
Aspirin is poorly bound to plasma proteins and its apparent volume of distribution is low (10 L). 
Its metabolite, salicylic acid, is highly bound to plasma proteins, but its binding is concentration-
dependent (nonlinear). At low concentrations (<100 mcg/mL), approximately 90% of salicylic 
acid is bound to albumin. Salicylic acid is widely distributed to all tissues and fluids in the body, 
including the central nervous system, breast milk, and fetal tissues. Early signs of salicylate 
overdose (salicylism), including tinnitus (ringing in the ears), occur at plasma concentrations 
approximating 200 mcg/mL. 
Metabolism and Elimination 
Dipyridamole: 
Dipyridamole is metabolized in the liver, primarily by conjugation with glucuronic acid, of which 
monoglucuronide which has low pharmacodynamic activity is the primary metabolite. In plasma, 
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Department of Neurological Surgery
Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey
90 Bergen Street, Suite 8100
Newark, NJ 07103
about 80% of the total amount is present as parent compound and 20% as monoglucuronide. 
Most of the glucuronide metabolite (about 95%) is excreted via bile into the feces, with some 
evidence of enterohepatic circulation. Renal excretion of parent compound is negligible and 
urinary excretion of the glucuronide metabolite is low (about 5%). With intravenous (i.v.) 
treatment of dipyridamole, a triphasic profile is obtained: a rapid alpha phase, with a half-life of 
about 3.4 minutes, a beta phase, with a half- life of about 39 minutes, (which, together with the 
alpha phase accounts for about 70% of the total area under the curve, AUC) and a prolonged 
elimination phase λz with a half-life of about 15.5 hours. Because of the extended absorption
phase of the dipyridamole component, only the terminal phase is apparent from oral treatment 
with AGGRENOX which was 13.6 hours. 
Aspirin: 
Aspirin is rapidly hydrolyzed in plasma to salicylic acid, with a half-life of 20 minutes. Plasma 
levels of aspirin are essentially undetectable 2–2.5 hours after dosing and peak salicylic acid 
concentrations occur 1 hour (range: 0.5–2 hours) after administration of aspirin. Salicylic acid is 
primarily conjugated in the liver to form salicyluric acid, a phenolic glucuronide, an acyl 
glucuronide, and a number of minor metabolites. Salicylate metabolism is saturable and total 
body clearance decreases at higher serum concentrations due to the limited ability of the liver to 
form both salicyluric acid and phenolic glucuronide. Following toxic doses (10–20 g), the plasma 
half-life may be increased to over 20 hours. 
The elimination of acetylsalicylic acid follows first-order kinetics with AGGRENOX and has a 
half- life of 0.33 hours. The half-life of salicylic acid is 1.71 hours. Both values correspond well 
with data from the literature at lower doses which state a resultant half-life of approximately 2–3 
hours. At higher doses, the elimination of salicylic acid follows zero-order kinetics (i.e., the rate 
of elimination is constant in relation to plasma concentration), with an apparent half-life of 6 
hours or higher. Renal excretion of unchanged drug depends upon urinary pH. As urinary pH 
rises above 6.5, the renal clearance of free salicylate increases from <5% to >80%. 
Alkalinization of the urine is a key concept in the management of salicylate overdose [see 
Overdosage (10)]. Following therapeutic doses, about 10% is excreted as salicylic acid and 
75% as salicyluric acid, as the phenolic and acyl glucuronides, in urine. 
Specific Populations 
Geriatric Patients: 
Dipyridamole: 
In ESPS2 [see Clinical Studies (14)], plasma concentrations (determined as AUC) of 
dipyridamole in healthy elderly subjects (>65 years) were about 40% higher than in subjects 
younger than 55 years receiving treatment with AGGRENOX. 
Hepatic Dysfunction: 
No study has been conducted with AGGRENOX in patients with hepatic dysfunction. 
Dipyridamole: 
In a study conducted with an intravenous formulation of dipyridamole, patients with mild to 
severe hepatic insufficiency showed no change in plasma concentrations of dipyridamole but 
showed an increase in the pharmacologically inactive monoglucuronide metabolite. 
Dipyridamole can be dosed without restriction as long as there is no evidence of hepatic failure. 
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Department of Neurological Surgery
Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey
90 Bergen Street, Suite 8100
Newark, NJ 07103
Aspirin: 
Avoid aspirin in patients with severe hepatic insufficiency. 
Renal Dysfunction: 
Dipyridamole: 
In ESPS2 patients [see Clinical Studies (14)], with creatinine clearances ranging from about 15 
mL/min to >100 mL/min, no changes were observed in the pharmacokinetics of dipyridamole or 
its glucuronide metabolite if data were corrected for differences in age. 
Aspirin: 
Avoid aspirin in patients with severe renal failure (glomerular filtration rate <10 mL/min). Drug 
Interaction Studies 
A dedicated drug interaction study was conducted in 60 healthy volunteers to evaluate the 
effects of omeprazole 80 mg administered once daily on the pharmacokinetics (PK) of 
dipyridamole and the pharmacodynamics (PD) of acetylsalicylic acid when co-administered with 
AGGRENOX twice daily. Dipyridamole exposure (Cmax and AUC) at steady-state were similar 
with or without omeprazole co- administration. The pharmacokinetics of acetylsalicylic acid was 
not characterized. However, the antiplatelet activity as measured by arachidonic acid induced 
platelet aggregation was similar between the treatment arms at steady-state. 
NONCLINICAL TOXICOLOGY
Carcinogenesis, Mutagenesis, Impairment of Fertility 
In studies in which dipyridamole was administered in the feed to mice (up to 111 weeks in males 
and females) and rats (up to 128 weeks in males and up to 142 weeks in females), there was no 
evidence of drug-related carcinogenesis. The highest dose administered in these studies (75 
mg/kg/day) was, on a 2 mg/m basis, about equivalent to the maximum recommended daily 
human oral dose(MRHD )in mice and about twice the MRHD in rats. 
Combinations of dipyridamole and aspirin (1:5 ratio) tested negative in the Ames test, in vivo 
chromosome aberration tests (in mice and hamsters), oral micronucleus tests (in mice and 
hamsters) and oral dominant lethal test (in mice). Aspirin, alone, induced chromosome 
aberrations in cultured human fibroblasts. Mutagenicity tests of dipyridamole alone with bacterial 
and mammalian cell systems were negative. 
Combinations of dipyridamole and aspirin have not been evaluated for effects on fertility and 
reproductive performance. There was no evidence of impaired fertility when dipyridamole was 
administered to male and female rats at oral doses up to 500 mg/kg/day (about 12 times the 
MRHD on a mg/m2 basis). A significant reduction in number of corpora lutea with consequent 
reduction in implantations and live fetuses was, however, observed at 1250 mg/kg (more than 
30 times the MRHD on a mg/m2 basis). Aspirin inhibits ovulation in rats. 
A. Drug/Device Accountability and Storage Methods
Drug accountability logs and pharmacy records must be maintained at the hospital pharmacy 
and must be available for review upon request. Drug accountability logs and pharmacy records 
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Department of Neurological Surgery
Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey
90 Bergen Street, Suite 8100
Newark, NJ 07103
will be reviewed during monitoring visits and by the Research Pharmacy Shared Resource of 
Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey. 
B. Treatment Compliance 
The study medication will be given in accordance with the protocol and the instructions of the 
treating investigator. For those subjects who will be discharged from the hospital before 14 
days, the study drugs will be provided to patients to be self-administered together with the 
current Aggrenox product information. They will be requested to keep pill diary. During the 
telephone visits with the patients every 3rd day after discharge, the patients will be enquired 
about their compliance with the medications. A pill diary will be provided and must be completed 
by the patient to document treatment course.
1.8 Specimen Collection
Primary Specimen Collection 
The research samples collected will be studied using standard laboratory assays for: 
1.
SARs-CoV-2 RNA 
o
 Types of Specimens: 
o
Saliva, oral, nasal, and pharyngeal swabs, and sputum (if spontaneously producing 
sputum or intubated) for SARS-CoV-2 RNA will be collected at baseline day 0, day 7 
and day 14 in a subset of patients. 
o
Urine samples will be collected on day 1 and day 14.
o
Annotation: Data to be annotated or associated with each specimen include participant ID 
(PID), date and time of collection, and specimen type. A PID will be assigned at the time of 
screening; at the time of specimen collection, all specimens collected will be labelled with 
the PID, date/time of collection, study timepoint, and specimen type.  No identifiers will be 
included on the labels. These PIDs will be used to link the specimens with REDCap 
database containing the data collected from the EHR.  All identifiers include name and date 
of birth matched to PID will be kept in a separate encrypted, password-protected electronic 
file that is accessible only by designated study personnel.
o
Transport: All samples will be collected into sealed container(s) with de-identified PID-
encoded labels and placed in a cooler. Samples will be transported to the hospital 
hematology and microbiology labs by trained personnel. The respiratory samples (saliva, 
swabs, sputum) will be processed in the Banada laboratory. Urine specimens will be 
transported by the study coordinator to a -80C freezer in the MSB A900 unit for temporary 
storage until analysis.
o
Processing: Specimen processing will occur in accordance with approved Rutgers NJMS 
Institutional Biosafety Committee protocols.
o
Storage: Urine will be stored at -80C in freezers in the MSB until processing and accessible 
by the study investigators and their laboratory personnel.  Respiratory samples will be stored 
at -80C in the RBL, accessible by Dr. Xie and their laboratory personnel.
o
Disposition:  Analysis will occur at the end of the study/accrual period. Any unused 
specimens will be discarded upon study completion following appropriate biohazard disposal 
procedures by Xie laboratory personnel for the respective specimens.
B. Secondary Specimen Collection 
N/A 
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Department of Neurological Surgery
Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey
90 Bergen Street, Suite 8100
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1.9 Data Collection
1.
Primary Data Collection 
Electronic COVID case report forms (eCRFs)24 have been designed to collect the data 
points outlined in section 1.3 (D). Completion of the electronic CRFs (eCRFs) will be done in 
accordance with the instructions in a study specific data capture plan. All eCRFs will be 
completed by the research staff of the Clinical research unit. The eCRFs will be maintained 
in a confidential format in the RedCap database. 
2.
Secondary Data Collection 
N/A 
1.10 Timetable/Schedule of Events 
Please refer to Appendix A. All study procedures will be performed according to the schedule 
outlined in the Study Flow Table 
2.0 Project Management
2.1 Research Staff and Qualifications 
Researchers and research Staff are part of the Rutgers- New Jersey Medical School, and/or 
Clinical Research Unit (CRU) Rutgers University. The Investigators and staff are qualified by 
training and experience for their research roles, including knowledge of applicable laws, 
regulations, codes, guidance, and relevant professional standards. 
2.2 Research Staff Training 
All research team members will complete the required Human Subject Protection training 
through the Collaborative Institutional Training Initiative (CITI) Program prior to being approved 
to take part on this study. All study members will attend the site initiation visit for training about 
the study specific protocol. 
The Principal Investigator will provide oversight and ensure that the study is conducted 
according to the investigational plan and applicable regulations in accordance with 21 CFR 312. 
2.3 Resources Available 
Aggrenox Capsule (25 mg aspirin/200 mg extended-release dipyridamole) will be provided at no 
charge to the study participants. 
2.4 Research Sites 
University Hospital – 150 Bergen Street
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Department of Neurological Surgery
Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey
90 Bergen Street, Suite 8100
Newark, NJ 07103
Rutgers New Jersey Medical School:
Doctors Office Center, 90 Bergen Street
Medical Science Building, 185 South Orange Ave 
St. Barnabas Medical Center
Livingston Hospital
94 Old Short Hills Rd, Livingston, NJ 07039
3.0 Multi-Center Research
NA
4.0 Subject Considerations
4.1 Subject Selection and Enrollment Considerations 
1.
Method to Identify Potential Subjects 
An IRB approved press release will be distributed to Rutgers physicians through the Rutgers 
Communications Office. Press release will have a phone number for the Rutgers physicians 
to call the research team about the hospitalized patient as a potential study participant. 
Potential study participants will also be identified by the research team members. 
Screening will be conducted by to be named Advanced Practice Nurse and Research 
Nurse. All research personnel will wear appropriate PPE as outlined.
2.
Recruitment Details 
The subjects will be adults age 18 years and older with a diagnosis of COVID-19 and a 
confirmed positive test for SARS-CoV-2 by any accepted method. Potential study 
participants will be recruited by the research team members. The research team will also 
review each page of the informed consent document with the patient or authorized proxy. 
This study will be available to all patients who meet the eligibility criteria. There will be no 
limitation to access with regards to race or gender. Patients will be required to sign/ verbal 
consent on an IRB- approved informed consent form prior to commencing any research 
related activity. 
Subject Screening
If the patient lacks decision-making capacity, then authorized proxy will be approached for the 
consent for the patient to participate in this study. The treating investigator and research team 
will interview the patient/ proxy and review the chart to determine if the patient is a potential 
candidate for the study. Screening tests to confirm whether subjects are eligible for inclusion in 
this study will be conducted including SARS-CoV-2 test if not already confirmed to be positive. 
The Principal Investigator, or designee, will be responsible for reviewing and confirming subject 
eligibility prior to enrollment to the study. 
Subjects who do not meet all inclusion criteria will be recorded as screen failures in RedCap. 
Inclusion Criteria: 
1.
Age ≥18 years.
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2.
Hospitalization. 
3.
SARS-CoV-2 viral nucleic acid positive within 3 days.
4.
Lab test result pending plus a high clinical suspicion for SARS-CoV-2 (fever and cough 
for ≤ 7 days, bilateral pulmonary infiltrates on imaging or new hypoxemia with spO2 
≤94% on room air or no alternative explanation for respiratory symptoms).
5.
Willing and able to provide consent or by authorized proxy.
Exclusion Criteria:
1.
Pregnancy.
2.
History of G-6PD deficiency.
3.
Use of antiplatelet agents including inhibitor of P2Y12 ADP platelet receptors, 
phosphodiesterase inhibitors, and Glycoprotein IIB/IIIA inhibitors.
4.
On therapeutic anticoagulation with coumadin, unfractionated heparin, enoxaparin 
(lovenox) and direct oral anticoagulants. (prophylactic anticoagulation is now standard of 
care and patients on prophylactic anticoagulation such as enoxaparin or unfractionated 
heparin, will be included in the study) 
5.
Vasodilatory shock.
6.
Patient with known ongoing angina, recent myocardial infarction and sub-valvular aortic 
stenosis. 
7.
Active gastric or duodenal ulcer or any bleeding disorder or creatinine clearance < 10. 
8.
Hemoglobin <9 mg/dL, platelet count of <30,000 /mm3.
9.
Acute respiratory infection for >10 days.
10. Known allergy/hypersensitivity to Dipyridamole and/or Aspirin. 
11. Severe hepatic or renal insufficiency.
12. Uncontrolled hypertension defined as systolic > 180 mm Hg or diastolic > 100 mm Hg.
13. Patients with known allergy to NSAIDs
14. Patients enrolled in other non-standard of care clinical trials. 
4.2 Secondary Subjects 
N/A 
4.3 Number of Subjects 
A. Total Number of Subjects 
New Jersey Medical School, University Hospital in Newark will enroll approximately 132 
subjects. 
B. Total Number of Subjects If Multicenter Study 
N/A. 
C. Feasibility 
Given the current incident rate, it is anticipated that enrollment will be completed within 6-8 
months. 
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Department of Neurological Surgery
Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey
90 Bergen Street, Suite 8100
Newark, NJ 07103
 4.4 Consent Procedures
A. Consent Process
Provision of written or verbal Informed Consent will be obtained prior to any study-related 
procedures. The Investigator will ensure that the study participant is given full and adequate oral 
and written information about the nature, purpose, possible risk and benefit of the study. Study 
participants will also be notified that they are free to discontinue from the study at any time. The 
study participant will be given the opportunity to ask questions and allowed time to consider the 
information provided. The original Informed Consent Form will be given to the study participant. 
Current FDA, OHRP, NIH, state and institutional regulations concerning informed consent will 
be followed. An IRB approved written informed consent document that embodies the elements 
of informed consent is required 45CFR46.116. 
1.
The investigator shall explain participation is voluntary and all aspects of the study, purpose 
of the study, treatment plan, procedures, risks, benefits, alternatives, and the right to refuse 
and withdraw at any time without penalty in lay language. 
2.
The investigator will answer all the patient’s questions regarding the study. 
3.
The investigator shall give the patient adequate opportunity to read the consent form and to 
discuss with family and friends. 
4.
If the patient/ authorized proxy decides to participate in the study, he/she will be asked to 
sign the Informed Consent Document. A copy of the signed Informed Consent Document 
will be given to the subject and this will be documented in the patient’s medical record. 
5.
The investigator shall inform all patients they have the right to refuse study participation and 
withdraw their participation at any time without penalty and will be treated without prejudice. 
•
Location of Consent Process
The consent form will be reviewed by the investigator, or a delegated study member, in the 
hospital room. Study participants must sign the consent in person at the participating 
institution. If the patient wishes to enroll on the study, he or she will sign the informed 
consent in the presence of a physician or nurse on the study team.
•
Ongoing Consent
If there are any changes to the protocol, these changes will have to be first reviewed and 
approved by the Rutgers IRB via an amendment before any change is implemented. Once 
approved, study participants will be notified of the protocol changes and will be provided 
with the updated informed consent form (ICF) for their signature, if necessary. Study 
participants will also be provided with a copy of the updated ICF for their records whenever 
re-consent is required. 
•
Individual Roles for Researchers Involved in Consent
Only a treating investigator or research nurse listed within the IRB application will consent 
study participants to this study. 
•
Consent Discussion Duration
It is anticipated that the informed consent process will take 30-60 minutes.
•
Coercion or Undue Influence
This study requires study participants to provide consent. Adults unable to consent due to 
their current condition in the absence of authorized proxy, will not be eligible for this study. 
The treating physician and/or research nurse will explain to the study participant that 
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Department of Neurological Surgery
Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey
90 Bergen Street, Suite 8100
Newark, NJ 07103
participation in this study is completely voluntary and the study participant can withdraw at 
any time. 
 Subject Understanding
The treating investigators will seek consent only under circumstances that provide the 
prospective study participant the opportunity to consider whether to participate and that 
minimizes the possibility of coercion or undue influence. The information given to the patient will 
be in a language understandable to the patient. Sufficient time will be allowed for questions to 
be asked and answered, both by the patient and the individual obtaining consent to ensure the 
patient comprehends the consent information. 
2.
Waiver or Alteration of Consent Process 
N/A 
3.
Documentation of Consent 
Documenting Consent 
Written or telephone informed consent is required. Informed consent must be obtained prior to 
commencing any research procedures. Informed consent will be documented in accordance 
with 21CFR50.27; it shall be documented by the use of a written consent form approved by the 
IRB and signed and dated by the study participant at the time of consent. A copy shall be given 
to the person signing the form. 
Waiver of Documentation Of Consent (i.e., will not obtain subject’s signature) 
N/A 
4.5 Special Consent/Populations
1.
Minors-Subjects Who Are Not Yet Adults 
N/A 
2.
Wards of the State 
N/A 
3.
Non-English-Speaking Subjects 
Both men and women and members of all ethnic groups are eligible for this trial. No special 
recruitment will be performed based on gender or minority status. 
Where informed consent is documented in accordance with 46 CFR117 (b) (1), the written 
consent document should embody, in language understandable to the study participant, all the 
elements necessary for legally effective informed consent. 
Process for Non-English-Speaking Subjects 
1.
An IRB approved short form written document shall be presented in a language 
understandable to the study participant. 
2.
The IRB approved English informed consent document may serve as a summary. 
3.
An interpreter fluent in English and the patient’s language shall present the English IRB 
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Department of Neurological Surgery
Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey
90 Bergen Street, Suite 8100
Newark, NJ 07103
consent form offered, read it and orally present it to the patient. 
4.
Through the interpreter, the investigator will explain participation is voluntary and all 
aspects of the study, the purpose of the study, treatment plan, procedures, risks, benefits, 
alternatives, and the right to refuse and withdraw at any time without penalty in lay 
language. 
5.
Through the interpreter, the investigator will answer any questions the patient may have. 
6.
The investigator shall give the study participant adequate opportunity to take the IRB 
approved English informed consent document home for review by family and/or friends 
who are fluent in English and the language understandable to the patient. 
7.
If the patient decides to participate in the study, he/she will be asked to sign the short form 
document. 
8.
The IRB approved informed consent document will be signed by the person obtaining 
consent for authorized under the protocol. 
9.
The written short form document and the English informed consent document will be signed 
by the witness. 
10. When the person obtaining consent is assisted by a translator, the translator may serve as a 
witness. 
11. A copy of the signed IRB approved short form document and the English informed consent 
document will be given to the study participant and this will be documented in the patient’s 
medical record. 
12. Through the interpreter, the investigator shall inform all patients they have the right to refuse 
study participation and withdraw their participation at any time without penalty and will be 
treated without prejudice. 
Short Form Consent for Non-English Speakers
Study participants who do not speak English will be presented with a short form consent 
document written in a language understandable to them. 
C. Adults Unable to Consent / Decisionally Impaired Adults 
 Surrogate consent will be utilized if patients are not able to consent themselves. If and 
when patients are able to provide consent, they will be re-consented.
4.6 Economic Burden and/or Compensation for Subjects
1.
Expenses 
The study drugs will be provided at no charge by the Sponsor of the study. Study participants 
will not be charged for the cost of any research procedures which are conducted as part of this 
study. Patients and/or their insurance carriers (or Charity Care in the absence of insurance) will 
be expected to pay for the standard of care costs related to COVID-19 treatment and follow-up. 
2.
Compensation/Incentives 
Study participants will not receive compensation for participation. 
C. Compensation Documentation 
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Department of Neurological Surgery
Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey
90 Bergen Street, Suite 8100
Newark, NJ 07103
N/A 
4.7 Risks of Harm/Potential for Benefits to Subjects
A. Description of Risks of Harm to Subjects
Reasonably Foreseeable Risks of Harm (this data I got from Aggrenox product 
information available online- Appendix is attached for your review)) 
Risk of Bleeding
AGGRENOX increases the risk of bleeding. 
Risk factors for bleeding include the use of other drugs that increase the risk of bleeding (e.g., 
anticoagulants, antiplatelet agents, heparin, anagrelide, fibrinolytic therapy, and chronic use of 
NSAIDs). 
Intracranial Hemorrhage In European Stroke Prevention Study-2 (ESPS2), the annualized event 
rate for intracranial hemorrhage was 0.39%/year in the AGGRENOX group, 0.26%/year in the 
extended-release dipyridamole (ER-DP) group, 0.24%/year in the aspirin (ASA) group, and 
0.29%/year in the placebo groups. 
Gastrointestinal (GI) Side Effects 
GI side effects include stomach pain, heartburn, nausea, vomiting, and gross GI bleeding. 
Although minor upper GI symptoms, such as dyspepsia, are common and can occur anytime 
during therapy, physicians should remain alert for signs of ulceration and bleeding, even in the 
absence of previous GI symptoms. Inform patients about the signs and symptoms of GI side 
effects and what steps to take if they occur. In ESPS2, the annualized event rate for 
gastrointestinal bleeding was 2.97%/year in the AGGRENOX group, 1.58%/year in the 
extended-release dipyridamole group, 2.06%/year in the aspirin group, and 1.40%/year in the 
placebo groups. 
Peptic Ulcer Disease 
Avoid using aspirin in patients with a history of active peptic ulcer disease, which can cause 
gastric mucosal irritation and bleeding. 
Alcohol Warning 
Because AGGRENOX contains aspirin, counsel patients who consume three or more alcoholic 
drinks every day about the bleeding risks involved with chronic, heavy alcohol use while taking 
aspirin. 
Renal Failure 
Avoid aspirin in patients with severe renal failure (glomerular filtration rate less than 10 
mL/minute) [see Use in Specific Populations. 
Hepatic Insufficiency 
Elevations of hepatic enzymes and hepatic failure have been reported in association with 
dipyridamole administration.
Coronary Artery Disease 
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Department of Neurological Surgery
Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey
90 Bergen Street, Suite 8100
Newark, NJ 07103
Dipyridamole has a vasodilatory effect. Chest pain may be precipitated or aggravated in patients 
with underlying coronary artery disease who are receiving dipyridamole. For stroke or TIA 
patients for whom aspirin is indicated to prevent recurrent myocardial infarction (MI) or angina 
pectoris, the aspirin in this product may not provide adequate treatment for the cardiac 
indications. 
Hypotension 
Dipyridamole produces peripheral vasodilation, which can exacerbate pre-existing hypotension.
Stress Testing with Intravenous Dipyridamole and Other Adenosinergic Agents 
Clinical experience suggests that patients being treated with AGGRENOX capsules who also 
require pharmacological stress testing with intravenous dipyridamole or other adenosinergic 
agents (e.g. adenosine, regadenoson) should interrupt AGGRENOX capsules for 48 hours prior 
to stress testing. 
Intake of AGGRENOX capsules within 48 hours prior to stress testing with intravenous 
dipyridamole or other adenosinergic agents may increase the risk for cardiovascular side effects 
of these agents and may impair the sensitivity of the test. 
Drug Interaction Study Information Obtained From Literature
Adenosinergic agents (e.g. adenosine, regadenoson)
Dipyridamole has been reported to increase the plasma levels and cardiovascular effects of 
adenosine. Adjustment of adenosine dosage may be necessary. Dipyridamole also increases 
the cardiovascular effects of regadenoson, an adenosine A2A-receptor agonist. The potential 
risk of cardiovascular side effects with intravenous adenosinergic agents may be increased 
during the testing period when dipyridamole is not held 48 hours prior to stress testing. 
Angiotensin Converting Enzyme (ACE) Inhibitors 
Because of the indirect effect of aspirin on the renin-angiotensin conversion pathway, the 
hyponatremic and hypotensive effects of ACE inhibitors may be diminished by concomitant 
administration of aspirin. 
Acetazolamide 
Concurrent use of aspirin and acetazolamide can lead to high serum concentrations of 
acetazolamide (and toxicity) due to competition at the renal tubule for secretion. 
Anticoagulants and Antiplatelets 
Patients taking AGGRENOX in combination with anticoagulants, antiplatelets, or any substance 
impacting coagulation are at increased risk for bleeding. Aspirin can displace warfarin from 
protein binding sites, leading to prolongation of both the prothrombin time and the bleeding time. 
Aspirin can increase the anticoagulant activity of heparin, increasing bleeding risk. 
Anagrelide 
Patients taking aspirin in combination with anagrelide are at an increased risk of bleeding. 
Anticonvulsants 
Salicylic acid can displace protein-bound phenytoin and valproic acid, leading to a decrease in 
the total concentration of phenytoin and an increase in serum valproic acid levels. 
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Department of Neurological Surgery
Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey
90 Bergen Street, Suite 8100
Newark, NJ 07103
Beta Blockers 
The hypotensive effects of beta blockers may be diminished by the concomitant administration 
of aspirin due to inhibition of renal prostaglandins, leading to decreased renal blood flow and 
salt and fluid retention. 
Cholinesterase Inhibitors 
Dipyridamole may counteract the anticholinesterase effect of cholinesterase inhibitors, thereby 
potentially aggravating myasthenia gravis. 
Diuretics 
The effectiveness of diuretics in patients with underlying renal or cardiovascular disease may be 
diminished by the concomitant administration of aspirin due to inhibition of renal prostaglandins, 
leading to decreased renal blood flow and salt and fluid retention. 
Methotrexate 
Salicylate can inhibit renal clearance of methotrexate, leading to bone marrow toxicity, 
especially in the elderly or renal impaired. 
Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs) 
The concurrent use of aspirin with other NSAIDs may increase bleeding or lead to decreased 
renal function. 
Oral Hypoglycemics 
Moderate doses of aspirin may increase the effectiveness of oral hypoglycemic drugs, leading 
to hypoglycemia. 
Uricosuric Agents (probenecid and sulfinpyrazone) 
Salicylates antagonize the uricosuric action of uricosuric agents. 
ADVERSE REACTIONS (please see Appendix C for further details)
Clinical Trials Experience 
Table.1 Incidence of Adverse Events in ESPS2a 
                                             Individual Treatment Group 
Body System/Preferred Term: 
AGGRENOX 
n (%/year)b
ER-DP Alone 
n (%/year)b
ASA Alone n 
(%/year)b
Placebo n 
(%/year)b
Total Number of Patients    1650               1654
1649
1649
Central and Peripheral 
Nervous System 
Disorders
Headache
647 (28.25) 
634 (27.91) 
558 (22.10) 
543 (22.29)
Gastrointestinal System 
Disorders
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Department of Neurological Surgery
Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey
90 Bergen Street, Suite 8100
Newark, NJ 07103
Dyspepsia
303 (13.23)
288 (12.68) 
299 (11.84) 
275 (11.29)
Abdominal Pain
289 (12.62)
255 (11.22) 
262 (10.38) 
239 (9.81) 
Nausea
264 (11.53)
254 (11.18) 
210 (8.32)
232 (9.53)
Diarrhea
210 (9.17)
257 (11.31) 
112 (4.44) 
161 (6.61) 
Vomiting
138 (6.03)
129 (5.68) 
101 (4.00)
118 (4.84)
Platelet, Bleeding and 
Clotting Disorders 
Hemorrhage NOS
52 (2.27) 24 
24 (1.06) 
46 (1.82) 
24 (0.99)
a Reported by ≥1%/year of patients during AGGRENOX treatment where the incidence was at 
least 1%/year greater than in those treated with placebo. 
b Annual event rate per 100 pt-years = 100* number of subjects with event/subject-years. 
Subject-years is defined as cumulative number of days on treatment divided by 365.25. Note: 
ER-DP = extended-release dipyridamole 200 mg; ASA = aspirin 25 mg. The dosage regimen for 
all treatment groups is BID. NOS = not otherwise specified. Discontinuation due to adverse 
events in ESPS2 was 25% for AGGRENOX, 25% for extended-release dipyridamole, 19% for 
aspirin, and 21% for placebo (refer to Table 2). 
Table 2 Incidence of Adverse Events that Led to the Discontinuation of Treatment
a Treatment Groups 
AGGRENOX 
n (%/year)b
ER-DP Alone 
n (%/year)b
ASA Alone n 
(%/year)b
Placebo n 
(%/year)b
Total Number of Patients    1650               1654
1649
1649
Patients with at least one 
Adverse Event that led to 
treatment discontinuation
417 (18.21) 
419 (18.44) 
318 (12.59) 
352 (14.45) 
Headache
165 (7.20) 
166 (7.31) 
57 (2.26) 
69 (2.83)
Gastrointestinal System 
Disorders
Abdominal Pain
74 (3.23) 
64 (2.82) 
56 (2.22) 
52 (2.13)
Nausea
91 (3.97) 
95 (4.18) 
51 (2.02) 
53 (2.18)
Vomiting
53 (2.31) 
52 (2.29) 
28 (1.11) 
24 (0.99)
aReported by ≥1%/year of patients during AGGRENOX treatment where the incidence was at 
least 1%/year greater than in those treated with placebo. 
b Annual event rate per 100 pt-years = 100* number of subjects with event/subject-years. 
Subject-years is defined as cumulative number of days on treatment divided
Risk of Harm from an Intervention on a Subject with an Existing Condition 
•
Renal Failure 
Avoid aspirin in patients with severe renal failure (glomerular filtration rate less than 10 
mL/minute) [see Use in Specific Populations. 
•
Hepatic Insufficiency 
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Department of Neurological Surgery
Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey
90 Bergen Street, Suite 8100
Newark, NJ 07103
Elevations of hepatic enzymes and hepatic failure have been reported in association with 
dipyridamole administration.
•
Coronary Artery Disease 
Dipyridamole has a vasodilatory effect. Chest pain may be precipitated or aggravated in 
patients with underlying coronary artery disease who are receiving dipyridamole. For stroke 
or TIA patients for whom aspirin is indicated to prevent recurrent myocardial infarction (MI) 
or angina pectoris, the aspirin in this product may not provide adequate treatment for the 
cardiac indications. 
•
Peptic Ulcer Disease 
Avoid using aspirin in patients with a history of active peptic ulcer disease, which can cause 
gastric mucosal irritation and bleeding. 
•
Other Foreseeable Risks of Harm
One potential risk is loss of confidentiality. We have taken several steps to minimize the 
probability of this risk. 
•
Observation and Sensitive Information 
      N/A 
Procedures which Risk Harm to Embryo, Fetus, and/or Pregnant Subjects
Pregnancy 
Risk Summary 
Available data from published studies and postmarketing experience with AGGRENOX use 
during pregnancy have not identified a clear association between AGGRENOX use and major 
birth defects, miscarriage, or adverse maternal or fetal outcomes (see Data). AGGRENOX 
contains low-dose aspirin which is an NSAID (see Clinical Considerations). In animal 
reproduction studies, there were adverse developmental effects with administration of aspirin in 
rats and rabbits at doses about 66 and 44 times, respectively, the human exposure at the 
maximum recommended daily dose of aspirin-dipyridamole. Reproduction studies with 
dipyridamole in mice, rabbits, and rats have revealed no evidence of harm to the fetus up to 
doses about 25 times the maximum recommended daily human dose of aspirin/dipyridamole. 
Nonclinical data are suggestive of a possible potentiation of aspirin-related fetal toxicity when 
combined with dipyridamole (see Data). 
The estimated background risk of major birth defects and miscarriage for the indicated 
population is unknown. All pregnancies have a background risk of birth defect, loss, or other 
adverse outcomes. In the U.S. general population, the estimated background risk of major birth 
defects and miscarriage in clinically recognized pregnancies is 2-4 and 15-20%, respectively. 
Clinical Considerations 
Labor and Delivery 
AGGRENOX, which contains dipyridamole and low-dose aspirin, increases the risk for bleeding. 
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Department of Neurological Surgery
Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey
90 Bergen Street, Suite 8100
Newark, NJ 07103
Maternal use of high-dose aspirin can result in excessive blood loss at delivery, prolonged 
gestation, prolonged labor, intracranial hemorrhage in premature infants, low birth weight, 
stillbirth, and neonatal death. Data Human Data Published data from clinical trials, observational 
studies, case series, and case reports over several decades have not identified a clear 
association between aspirin-dipyridamole use in pregnancy and major birth defects, 
miscarriage, or adverse maternal or fetal outcomes. However, these studies cannot definitively 
establish the absence of any aspirin-dipyridamole associated risks. Methodological limitations of 
these studies include variability in the timing and dose of drug exposure (e.g., most exposures 
occurred beyond the first trimester) and the small sample sizes of individual studies. 
Animal Data 
Aspirin has been shown to be teratogenic in rats (spina bifida, exencephaly, microphthalmia and 
coelosomia) and rabbits (congested fetuses, agenesis of skull and upper jaw, generalized 
edema with malformation of the head, and diaphanous skin) at oral doses of 330 mg/kg/day and 
110 mg/kg/day, respectively. These doses, which also resulted in a high resorption rate in rats 
(63% of implantations versus 5% in controls), are, on a mg/m basis, about 66 and 44 times, 
respectively, the dose of aspirin contained in the maximum recommended daily human dose of 
aspirin-dipyridamole. Reproduction studies with dipyridamole have been performed in mice, 
rabbits and rats at oral doses of up to 125 mg/kg, 40 mg/kg, and 1000 mg/kg, respectively 
(about 1½, 2, and 25 times the maximum recommended daily human oral dose, respectively, on 
a mg/m basis) and have revealed no evidence of harm to the fetus due to dipyridamole. When 
330 mg aspirin/kg/day was combined with 75 mg dipyridamole/kg/day in the rat at doses about 
66 and 2 times, respectively, the maximum recommended daily human dose, the resorption rate 
approached 100%. 
Lactation 
Risk Summary 
Based on data from a clinical lactation study in breastfeeding women taking low-dose aspirin, 
the metabolite salicylic acid is present in human milk in low levels (see Data). Dipyridamole is 
also present in human milk. There is no information on the effects of AGGRENOX or 
dipyridamole on the breastfed infant or on milk production. There is insufficient information to 
determine the effects of aspirin on the breastfed infant and no information on the effects of 
aspirin on milk production. The developmental and health benefits of breastfeeding should be 
considered along with the mother's clinical need for AGGRENOX and any potential adverse 
effects on the breastfed child from AGGRENOX or from the underlying maternal condition. 
Data 
A published clinical study involved six exclusively breastfeeding women at 1 to 8 months 
postpartum who were taking 81 mg aspirin daily. Milk samples were collected at steady state, at 
0, 1, 2, 4, 8, 12, and 24 hours after taking a dose of aspirin. Aspirin was undetectable in human 
milk. Salicylic acid was present in milk at low levels (average concentration of 24 ng/mL). Based 
on an average milk consumption of 150 mL/kg/day, the calculated relative infant dose was 
0.4%. No adverse effects on the breastfed infants were noted. 
Geriatric Use
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Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey
90 Bergen Street, Suite 8100
Newark, NJ 07103
Of the total number of subjects in ESPS2, 61% were 65 and over, while 27% were 75 and over. 
No overall differences in safety or effectiveness were observed between these subjects and 
younger subjects, and other reported clinical experience has not identified differences in 
responses between the elderly and younger patients, but greater sensitivity of some older 
individuals cannot be ruled out.  
Patients with Severe Hepatic or Severe Renal Dysfunction 
AGGRENOX has not been studied in patients with hepatic or renal impairment. Avoid using 
aspirin containing products, such as AGGRENOX, in patients with severe hepatic or severe 
renal (glomerular filtration rate). 
C. Risks of Harm to Non-Subjects 
The patient will be given a mask immediately upon arrival and escorted to a private room with a 
closed door. When evaluating the patient during the visit, research personnel will wear 
appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE) as recommended by the CDC. This includes 
the following: 
•  Gown 
•  Gloves 
•  Eye/face protection (I.e., goggles, face shield) 
•  If available, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)-certified 
disposable N95 or better respirator. The CDC has stated that surgical (face) masks have been 
determined to be an acceptable alternative to N95 or better respirators, when the supply chain 
of respirators cannot meet the demand so long as procedures that are likely to generate 
respiratory aerosols are not being performed. **The use of a nasopharyngeal swab to collect 
viral load specimens during this study is not considered an aerosolizing procedure. 
4.
Assessment of Social Behavior Considerations 
N/A 
5.
Minimizing Risks of Harm
Certificate of Confidentiality 
N/A 
Provisions to Protect the Privacy Interests of Subjects
The risk associated with breach of privacy and loss of confidentiality is low. All data is located in 
RedCap which is password-protected and limited to authorized users. 
Every effort will be made to maintain patient confidentiality. Research and hospital records are 
confidential. Patient’s name or any other personally identifying information will not be used in 
reports or publications resulting from this study. The Food and Drug Administration or other 
authorized agencies (e.g., qualified monitors from Rutgers), may review patients records and as 
required. 
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Department of Neurological Surgery
Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey
90 Bergen Street, Suite 8100
Newark, NJ 07103
Patients will be required to sign a HIPAA authorization, providing permission to use identifiable 
health information to be used and/or disclosed for research purposes. Provisions for protecting 
the privacy interests of include: 
•
Ensuring that the conditions under which a procedure is performed or information is 
collected (e.g., physical locations, telephone contact, mail or email solicitations) afford 
protections against interactions with participants being witnessed, overheard or 
inadvertently intercepted or viewed. 
•
Limiting the information being collected to only the minimum amount of data necessary 
to accomplish the research purposes. 
The research team will make all efforts to ensure confidentiality is maintained by: 
•
Protecting PHI against public viewing; 
•
Proper storage and disposal of documents that contain PHI; 
•
Safeguarding computer workstations and databases that access PHI. 
F. Potential Benefits to Subjects 
There may be direct benefit to the patient for participation in this study because the study 
participant will receive Aggrenox, which is FDA approved and Dipyridamole has been shown to 
have some benefit in a small series of COVID-19 patients in an unpublished study from China. 
Although this does not guarantee that each individual patient will benefit. 
Data gathered from this study may allow us to identify an effective treatment for COVID-19 that 
could result in benefit to the patient or society as whole in the future. 
5.0 Special Considerations
5.1 Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA)
It is necessary that PHI be accessed to achieve the goals of this study. All research personnel 
are trained in HIPAA and routine protections of PHI will apply. 
The Informed Consent Form will incorporate wording that complies with relevant data protection 
and privacy legislation. In accordance with the Health Information Portability and Accountability 
Act (HIPAA), the written Informed Consent Form must include a subject authorization to release 
medical information to a regulatory authority, or Institutional Review Board (IRB), to grant 
access to subject’s medical information that includes all hospital records relevant to the study, 
including subjects’ medical history. 
The core elements included in the HIPAA authorization are: 
•  A description of the information to be used or disclosed that identifies the information in a 
specific and meaningful fashion; 
•  The name or other specific identification of the person(s), or class of persons, authorized to 
make the requested use or disclosure; 
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•  The name or other specific identification of the person(s), or class of persons, to whom the 
covered entity may make the requested use or disclosure; 
•  A description of each purpose of the requested use or disclosure; 
•  An expiration date or an expiration event that relates to the individual or the purpose of the 
use or disclosure;
• Signature of the individual and date. 
5.2 Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act (FERPA)
N/A 
5.3 Code of Federal Regulations Title 45 Part 46 (Vulnerable Populations)
N/A 
5.4 General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR)
N/A 
5.5 NJ Access to Medical Research Act (Surrogate Consent)
N/A 
6.0 Data Management Plan
6.1 Data Analysis
The sample size of 132 patients (66 patients in each arm) was estimated to provide 90% power 
to detect a relative between-group difference of 20% reduction in composite ordinal scale (from 
day 0 to day 15) with assumption of mean composite ordinal scale value of 4.5 ± 1.6 (yes) at 
baseline (day 0) and two-sided P value of 0.05.20 For primary efficacy, we will do an intention-to-
treat analysis and include all patients who have undergone randomization and will adjust for the 
minimization variables. We will analyze continuous measures by means of linear regression and 
present as mean differences. For binary outcomes, we will present data as risk ratios from a 
binomial regression model.
6.2 Data Security
1.
The Human Research Oversight Committee (HROC) is responsible for oversight of protocol 
progress, conduct, and compliance. The Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey’s Data 
Safety Monitoring Plan (DSMP) activities fall under the purview of HROC. In order to ensure 
the execution of the protocol with a minimum number of obstacles, the HROC focuses on 
the following objectives: 
•  Monitor data and safety of CINJ investigator-initiated trials, including serious adverse   
events (SAE), enrollment progress, stopping rules, etc. 
•  Review the safety of all trials conducted at CINJ. 
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Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey
90 Bergen Street, Suite 8100
Newark, NJ 07103
•  Review enrollment to cooperative group and industry-sponsored studies. 
•  Review study compliance through deviation reports of all trials, Quality Assurance (QA) 
audit reports of CINJ investigator-initiated trials and external monitoring reports of all 
trials. 
•  Conduct response review for investigator-initiated trials. 
6.3 Data and Safety Monitoring
A. Data/Safety Monitoring Plan
The Principal Investigators will be responsible for monitoring the data, assuring protocol 
compliance, and conducting the safety reviews at the specified frequency, which must be 
conducted at a minimum of once a month (including when re-approval of the protocol is sought). 
The Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey’s Human Research Oversight Committee (HROC) 
will be the DSMB of record. During the review process, the principal investigators (serving as 
monitor) will evaluate whether the study should continue unchanged, require 
modification/amendment, or close to enrollment. Either principal investigator, IRB or either Data 
or Safety Monitoring Committee have the authority to stop or suspend the study or require 
modifications at each institution. The PIs will be responsible for sharing this information in a 
timely fashion and coordinating appropriate parallel actions at the other institution. 
An audit will be conducted following enrollment of the first two (2) or three (3) patients. 
Subsequent audits will occur dependent on the rate of enrollment. More frequent audits of 
patient data and study conduct will occur if necessary. Prior audit findings and/or situations that 
may arise during the study will determine the need for more frequent auditing. All audit findings 
will be discussed with the principal investigator and the Rutgers University IRB. 
B. Data/Safety Monitoring Board Details
The Human Research Oversight Committee (HROC) is responsible for oversight of protocol 
progress, conduct, and compliance. The Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey’s Data Safety 
Monitoring Plan (DSMP) activities fall under the purview of HROC. In order to ensure the 
execution of the protocol with a minimum number of obstacles, the HROC focuses on the 
following objectives: 
•  Monitor data and safety of CINJ investigator-initiated trials, including serious adverse events 
(SAE), enrollment progress, stopping rules, etc. 
•  Review the safety of all trials conducted at CINJ. 
•  Review enrollment to cooperative group and industry-sponsored studies. 
•  Review study compliance through deviation reports of all trials, Quality Assurance (QA) 
audit reports of CINJ investigator-initiated trials and external monitoring reports of all trials. 
•  Conduct response review for investigator-initiated trials. 
6.4 Reporting Results
A. Individual Subjects’ Results 
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Newark, NJ 07103
Results of individual patient assessments will be shared with the individual patient as these are 
part of the medical record and impact medical care. These results are part of routine care 
(safety labs, routine radiology procedures, and physical examinations). 
B. Aggregate Results
Aggregate research results will not be shared with the study participants. 
C. Professional Reporting
The policies and procedures of Rutgers University’s legal department (see: Investigator’s 
Handbook) will govern publication of the trial. It is expected that the results of this trial will be 
submitted for publication in a timely manner following the conclusion. The PI and all co-authors 
prior to submission or use must review any abstract or manuscript. 
D. Clinical Trials Registration, Results Reporting and Consent Posting
ClinicalTrials.Gov Registration and Data Reporting: Under the terms of the Food and Drug 
Administration Modernization Act (FDAMA) and the Food and Drug Administration Amendments 
Act (FDAA), the Sponsor of the trial is solely responsible for determining whether the trial and its 
results are subject to the requirements for submission to the Clinical Trials Data Bank, 
http://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Information posted will allow subjects to identify potentially 
appropriate trials for their disease conditions and pursue participation by calling a central 
contact number for further information on appropriate trial locations and trial site contact 
information. 
This is a research study which prospectively assigns human participants to health related 
interventions. The study has been registered on clinicaltrials.gov per FDA Regulations and will 
be updated at least every 6 months. 
6.5 Secondary Use of the Data   
N/A 
7.0 Research Repositories – Specimens and/or Data
Not applicable – all specimens will be used to address the study objectives.  Any unused 
specimens will be discarded at the conclusion of the study. 
8.0 Approvals/Authorizations
Approval will be obtained from the Rutgers University Biosafety Committee. 
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Department of Neurological Surgery
Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey
90 Bergen Street, Suite 8100
Newark, NJ 07103
9.0 Bibliography
1.
Cucinotta D, Vanelli M. WHO Declares COVID-19 a Pandemic. Acta Biomed. 
2020;91(1):157-160.
2.
Fauci AS, Lane HC, Redfield RR. Covid-19 - Navigating the Uncharted. N Engl J Med. 
2020;382(13):1268-1269.
3.
Weiss P, Murdoch DR. Clinical course and mortality risk of severe COVID-19. Lancet. 
2020;395(10229):1014-1015.
4.
Terpos E, Ntanasis-Stathopoulos I, Elalamy I, et al. Hematological findings and 
complications of COVID-19. Am J Hematol. 2020.
5.
Thachil J, Tang N, Gando S, et al. ISTH interim guidance on recognition and 
management of coagulopathy in COVID-19. J Thromb Haemost. 2020;18(5):1023-1026.
6.
Langer F, Kluge S, Klamroth R, Oldenburg J. Coagulopathy in COVID-19 and Its 
Implication for Safe and Efficacious Thromboprophylaxis. Hamostaseologie. 2020.
7.
Thachil J, Tang N, Gando S, et al. Type and dose of heparin in Covid-19: Reply. J 
Thromb Haemost. 2020.
8.
McPherson JA, Barringhaus KG, Bishop GG, et al. Adenosine A(2A) receptor 
stimulation reduces inflammation and neointimal growth in a murine carotid ligation 
model. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2001;21(5):791-796.
9.
Ralevic V, Burnstock G. Receptors for purines and pyrimidines. Pharmacol Rev. 
1998;50(3):413-492.
10.
Wang C, Lin W, Playa H, Sun S, Cameron K, Buolamwini JK. Dipyridamole analogs as 
pharmacological inhibitors of equilibrative nucleoside transporters. Identification of 
novel potent and selective inhibitors of the adenosine transporter function of human 
equilibrative nucleoside transporter 4 (hENT4). Biochem Pharmacol. 2013;86(11):1531-
1540.
11.
Macatangay BJC, Jackson EK, Abebe KZ, et al. A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled, 
Pilot Clinical Trial of Dipyridamole to Decrease Hiv-Associated Chronic Inflammation. J 
Infect Dis. 2019.
12.
Parkinson FE, Ferguson J, Zamzow CR, Xiong W. Gene expression for enzymes and 
transporters involved in regulating adenosine and inosine levels in rat forebrain neurons, 
astrocytes and C6 glioma cells. J Neurosci Res. 2006;84(4):801-808.
13.
Boswell-Casteel RC, Hays FA. Equilibrative nucleoside transporters-A review. 
Nucleosides Nucleotides Nucleic Acids. 2017;36(1):7-30.
14.
Chakrabarti S, Freedman JE. Dipyridamole, cerebrovascular disease, and the vasculature. 
Vascul Pharmacol. 2008;48(4-6):143-149.
15.
Mustafa SJ. Effects of coronary vasodilator drugs on the uptake and release of adenosine 
in cardiac cells. Biochem Pharmacol. 1979;28(17):2617-2624.
16.
Li Z LX, Huang Yi-Y et al. . FEP-based screening prompts drug repositioning against 
COVID-19. 2020.
17.
Liu X LZ, Liu S et al. . Therapeutic effects of dipyridamole on COVID-19 patients with 2 
coagulation dysfunction. 2020.
18.
Adedeji AO, Sarafianos SG. Antiviral drugs specific for coronaviruses in preclinical 
development. Curr Opin Virol. 2014;8:45-53.
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Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey
90 Bergen Street, Suite 8100
Newark, NJ 07103
19.
Fata-Hartley CL, Palmenberg AC. Dipyridamole reversibly inhibits mengovirus RNA 
replication. J Virol. 2005;79(17):11062-11070.
20.
Kohler D, Streienberger A, Morote-Garcia JC, et al. Inhibition of Adenosine Kinase 
Attenuates Acute Lung Injury. Crit Care Med. 2016;44(4):e181-189.
21.
Huang B, Chen Z, Geng L, et al. Mucosal Profiling of Pediatric-Onset Colitis and IBD 
Reveals Common Pathogenics and Therapeutic Pathways. Cell. 2019;179(5):1160-1176 
e1124.
22.
Insel PA, Murray F, Yokoyama U, et al. cAMP and Epac in the regulation of tissue 
fibrosis. Br J Pharmacol. 2012;166(2):447-456.
23.
Weyrich AS, Skalabrin EJ, Kraiss LW. Targeting the inflammatory response in 
secondary stroke prevention: a role for combining aspirin and extended-release 
dipyridamole. Am J Ther. 2009;16(2):164-170.
24.
International Severe Acute Respiratory and Emerging Infections Consortium (ISARIC) 
home page.
25.
Cao B, Wang Y, Wen D, et al. A Trial of Lopinavir-Ritonavir in Adults Hospitalized 
with Severe Covid-19. N Engl J Med. 2020.
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ICF_004.pdf: 
Aggrenox To Treat Acute Covid-19 
NCT04410328 
Informed Consent Form 
Document Date March 17, 2021 


Protocol Title: ATTAC-19 – Aggrenox To Treat Acute Covid-19
Pro#2020001469 Protocol Version Date: 3/8/2021
Page 1 of 11
Department of Neurological Surgery
Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey
90 Bergen Street, Suite 8100
Newark, NJ 07103
CONSENT TO TAKE PART IN A RESEARCH STUDY
Title of Study: Aggrenox in Treatment of Patients with COVID-19: A Randomized Controlled 
Trial.
Principal Investigator: Amit Singla, MD, FAANS
STUDY SUMMARY: This consent form is part of an informed consent process for a research 
study and it will provide information that will help you decide whether you want to take part in 
this study.  It is your choice to take part or not. 
The purpose of the research is to: explore the efficacy of Aggrenox (Aspirin-Dipyridamole) 
in patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection with symptoms consistent with COVID-19.
If you take part in the research, you will be asked to be a part of one of the 2 groups based on 
randomization; one group, the treatment group, will be given Aggrenox capsule twice a day in 
addition to standard care for COVID treatment and other group, the Standard care 
Comparator group will not be getting any additional drug apart from the standard care for 
COVID infection. 
The patients in the treatment group will receive Aggrenox (Dipyridamole ER 200mg/ Aspirin 
25mg orally), 2 times daily (FDA–recommended dose) starting on the day of enrollment for a 
total of 2 weeks + standard care. You will be given this medication for a total of 2 weeks after 
enrollment. During the hospital stay, you will be checked by the research coordinator to follow 
your symptoms and will get the labs and swabs done, which are part of your care for COVID 
infection. Once discharged, you will be called on day 15 and day 28 by the research 
coordinator to follow up on your symptoms.  This intervention for COVID patients is 
experimental, based on the literature evidence that COVID patients have higher tendency to 
form clots in blood vessels, and can also have an overblown response to the COVID infection 
call an inflammatory response. This medication is designed to prevent inflammation and 
blood clots.
Patients in the Standard care Comparator group will receive standard care starting on the day 
of enrollment for a total of 2 weeks. 
Possible harms or burdens of taking part in the study may be increased risk of bleeding, 
Gastrointestinal (GI) Side Effects such as nausea, vomiting, painful or difficult digestion, ulcer, 
GI bleeding. Chest pain could occur in patients with existing diseases of the blood vessels of 
the heart, low blood pressure, or an allergy to the drug You may feel discomfort and/or pain 
during some of the tests or procedures in the study. Your condition may not improve and 
could even worsen if you take part in this study. 
Possible benefits of taking part may be that the group that receives Aggrenox (Aspirin-
Dipyridamole) could do better, such as having a decreased risk of death, cut down the 
chance of needing the ventilator, a machine that helps you breathe, and less time in the 
hospital.  
Information learned from the study may help other people in the future. However, it is possible 
that you will not receive any direct personal benefit from taking part in this study. 
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Department of Neurological Surgery
Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey
90 Bergen Street, Suite 8100
Newark, NJ 07103
An alternative to taking part in the research study: Your alternative to taking part in the 
research study is not to take part in it.
The information in this consent form will provide more details about the research study and what 
will be asked of you if you choose to take part in it. If you have any questions now or during the 
study, if you choose to take part, you should feel free to ask them and should expect to be given 
answers you completely understand.  After your questions have been answered and you wish to 
take part in the research study, you will be asked to sign this consent form. You are not giving 
up any of your legal rights by agreeing to take part in this research or by signing this consent 
form.
Who is conducting this study?
Amit Singla, MD is the Principal Investigator of this research study.  A Principal Investigator has 
the overall responsibility for the conduct of the research. However, there are often other 
individuals who are part of the research team.
Amit Singla, MD may be reached at
Address:
DOC 8th Floor
90 Bergen Street, Newark, NJ 
07013
Phone: 9739725633
The Principal investigator or another member of the study team will also be asked to sign this 
informed consent.  You will be given a copy of the signed consent form to keep.
Sponsor of the Study: Amit Singla, MD is the sponsor-investigator (the physician in charge) of 
this research study. He works at the New Jersey Medical School. Boehringer Ingelheim
Pharmaceuticals Inc. (BIPI) is the funding source for the study and supplying Aggrenox 
(Aspirin-Dipyridamole) (study drug) for this study and may request access to study records. 
Why is this study being done?
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a lung illness that can spread from person to person. 
The virus that causes COVID-19 is a novel coronavirus that was first identified during an 
investigation into an outbreak in Wuhan, China.  There is currently no FDA approved treatment 
for COVID-19.
The purpose of the research is to determine if the addition of Aggrenox (Aspirin-Dipyridamole) 
to your standard of care treatment can improve symptoms in patients with COVID-19. The use 
of Aggrenox (Aspirin-Dipyridamole) has not been approved by the FDA for treatment of COVID-
19 and is experimental in this study.
Since we do not know which study treatment is better, we will compare the study groups.  A 
computer will assign you to one of two groups in the study.  This is called randomization and is 
done by chance like the flipping of a coin.  One group will receive Aggrenox (Aspirin-
Dipyridamole) and the other will not.  Neither you nor the study doctor will choose the group you 
get.
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Department of Neurological Surgery
Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey
90 Bergen Street, Suite 8100
Newark, NJ 07103
Aggrenox (Aspirin-Dipyridamole) is approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to 
reduce the risk of having a stroke in people who have already had a “mini-stroke” or a stroke 
because of a blood clot.  
Who may take part in this study and who may not?
Inclusion Criteria: 
1.
You are 18 years of age or older
2.
You are hospitalized for SARS-CoV-2 infection and exhibiting symptoms of COVID-19
3.
Positive lab test for SARS-CoV-2 infection within 3 days of hospitalization.
4.
Lab test results that are pending along with a high suspicion for SARS-CoV-2, such as 
having a fever and cough, an abnormal chest x-ray, or suffering from a lack of oxygen.
5.
Willing and able to provide consent.
Exclusion Criteria:
1.
Pregnancy.
2.
History of G-6PD deficiency (an inherited disorder in which a person does not have 
enough of an enzyme called G6PD that helps red blood cells work the way they should). 
3.
Use of medicines that prevent blood clots from forming.
4.
Extremely low blood pressure.
5.
Patient with known ongoing chest pain, recent heart attached and defects of the heart. 
6.
Active ulcers or any bleeding disorder or kidney problems
7.
Lab results the show low red blood cells, or low that your blood does not clot quickly.
8.
A lung infection that has lasted more than 10 days.
9.
Known allergy to medications that make-up Aggrenox, Dipyridamole and/or Aspirin. 
10. Severe liver problems
11. Uncontrolled high blood pressure.
12. History of chronic, heavy alcohol use
13. Patients with known allergy to Advil or Motrin or similar medication
14. Patients enrolled in other COVID treatment clinical trials. 
Why have I been asked to take part in this study?
You have been asked to participate in this study because you have been diagnosed with 
COVID-19 infection or are highly suspicious for COVID-19 infection while the swab test results 
are pending. 
How long will the study take and how many subjects will take part?
Participants will be screened, enrolled, receive treatment and followed for 28 days. Study 
participants in the treatment group will be treated for fourteen (14) days and will then remain on 
follow-up for up to 4 weeks (28 days) after the completion of treatment. 
The study will be conducted over approximately 24 months: 6-8 months for enrollment 
(anticipated) and follow-up/data collection (anticipated) and 18 months for specimen processing 
and analysis, and data analysis.
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Department of Neurological Surgery
Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey
90 Bergen Street, Suite 8100
Newark, NJ 07103
What will I be asked to do if I take part in this study?
Study Procedures: 
Day 0 – Screening Visit – many of the screening procedures will have been performed as part 
of your regular hospital inpatient care:
•
Obtain informed consent for trial enrollment
•
From your medical record we will obtain:
•
Information about you, such as race, ethnicity, gender, age
•
Medical history
•
Physical examination
•
Vital signs (blood pressure, heart rate, temperature)
•
An Electrocardiogram (ECG) (An ECG is a test which activity of your heart to 
show whether or not it is working normally) 
•
Labs: including complete blood count, chemistry, clotting time, and blood tests 
that indicate how your heart is functioning 
•
If the “Screening Visit Procedures” show you are eligible to enter this study and you 
agree to take part, you will be randomized (like the flipping of a coin) to one of 
two of the Arms (groups). Either the treatment group to receive Aggrenox 
(Aspirin-Dipyridamole) plus the standard COVID treatment, or the standard care 
comparator group which will receive the standard COVID treatment.
•
For research purposes we will collect samples for SARS-CoV-2 PCR laboratory testing, 
including saliva, an oral swab, a nasal swab, and a pharyngeal swab, and 
sputum, which is mucus coughed up from your lungs 
Treatment Period –Days 1 - 14 
Treatment Group:
•
You will receive Aggrenox (Aspirin-Dipyridamole) twice per day, one capsule in the 
morning and one capsule in the evening, for 14 days
•
During this period, we will meet with you to discuss any side-effects that you might 
experience from taking Aggrenox (Aspirin-Dipyridamole)
Treatment and Standard care comparator groups: 
•
We will meet with you to discuss how you are doing.
•
From your medical record we will obtain:
•
Review of daily temperatures
•
Review of medications and treatments
•
Labs: including complete blood count, chemistry, clotting time, and blood tests 
that indicate how your heart is functioning
•
For research purposes we will collect samples for SARS-CoV-2 PCR laboratory test on 
Day 7 and Day 14; including 
o
saliva, an oral swab, a nasal swab, and a pharyngeal swab, and sputum
o
Urine samples will be collected on day 1 and day 14.
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Department of Neurological Surgery
Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey
90 Bergen Street, Suite 8100
Newark, NJ 07103
Follow-up Period Days 15 - 28 
•
If you are still in the hospital, we will:
o
Meet with you to discuss how you are doing.
o
We will collect from your medical record:
•
Review of daily temperatures 
•
Review of medications and treatments
•
If you have been discharged, we will call you throughout the period to ask how you are 
doing.
What are the risks of harm or discomforts I might experience if I take part in this study?
You may have side effects while on this study. Everyone taking part in the study will be watched 
carefully for any side effects. However, doctors do not know all the side effect that may happen. 
Side effects may be mild or very serious. Your study doctor may give you medicines to help 
lessen side effects. Your study doctor may also decide that it is necessary to delay or stop the 
study treatment. Many side effects go away soon after you stop taking the drugs. In some 
cases, side effects can be serious, long lasting, or never go away. You should talk with your 
study doctor about any side affects you may have while taking part in the study. 
•
Risk of Bleeding
AGGRENOX (Aspirin-Dipyridamole) (the study drug) increases the risk of bleeding. 
If you are on other blood thinner drugs such as Coumadin/Warfarin, therapeutic Heparin, 
Plavix/Clopidogrel, Brilinta, Eliquis, the risk of bleeding from Aggrenox (Aspirin-
Dipyridamole) increases. This risk is less than 5% based on the studies. 
•
Gastrointestinal (GI) Side Effects 
You can have GI side effects such as stomach pain, heartburn, nausea, vomiting, and gross 
GI bleeding. Minor upper GI symptoms, such as dyspepsia, are common and can occur 
anytime during therapy; if they happen and can be tolerated with or without the addition of 
anti-acidity medications such as Pepcid, you will be requested to continue to be in the study 
group. You will be monitored closely for signs of ulceration and bleeding, even in the 
absence of previous GI symptoms. If the serious GI bleeding happens or the GI ulcer is 
diagnosed during the study, the study drug will be discontinued. This risk is less than 5% 
based on the studies.
•
Peptic Ulcer Disease 
If you have a history of gastric/ intestinal ulcer, please let the study team know and you will 
not be included in the study due to a higher risk of bleeding. 
•
Alcohol Warning 
Due to the bleeding risk involved, if you have a history of chronic, heavy alcohol use, you 
will not be included in the study as a study participant. 
•
Coronary Artery Disease 
The study drug component Dipyridamole has a vasodilatory effect and it may precipitate 
chest pain if you have an underlying disease of the blood vessels of the heart. If you have a 
recent/recurrent heart attack or unstable angina (recurrent chest pains related to heart), you 
will not be included in the study as a study participant.  
•
Hypotension 
If you have a history of low blood pressure, the study drug may worsen pre-existing 
hypotension (low blood pressure). You will be closely watched for the change in blood 
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Department of Neurological Surgery
Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey
90 Bergen Street, Suite 8100
Newark, NJ 07103
pressure after starting the study drug and if your blood pressure becomes too low and if 
deemed significant by the study team, you will be removed from the study as a study 
participant. 
•
Stress Testing with Intravenous Dipyridamole and Other Adenosinergic Agents  
(e.g. adenosine, regadenoson)
If while you are taking Aggrenox (Aspirin-Dipyridamole), you should need to have a stress 
test, we will temporarily stop your Aggrenox (Aspirin-Dipyridamole) treatment 48 hours prior 
to your scheduled stress test. 
Risk of Harm from an Intervention on a Subject with an Existing Condition 
•
Renal Failure 
If you have a history of severe kidney failure you will not be included in the study as a study 
participant. 
•
Liver Insufficiency 
If you have a history of severe liver failure you will not be included in the study as a study 
participant. 
Other Foreseeable Risks of Harm
One potential risk from being a study participant is loss of confidentiality of your health 
information. We have taken several steps to minimize the probability of this risk to you. 
Reproductive Risks of Harm
Available data from published studies and post marketing experience with AGGRENOX 
(Aspirin-Dipyridamole) use during pregnancy have not identified a clear association between 
AGGRENOX (Aspirin-Dipyridamole) use and major birth defects, miscarriage, or adverse 
maternal or fetal outcomes.
All women of child bearing potential involved in the study must use one of the approved 
methods of contraception or be abstinent from sexual intercourse for the duration of study. 
Likewise, for men with partners of child bearing potential should notify their partners about 
taking study drug and either be abstinent from sexual intercourse for the duration of study or 
use one of the approved methods of contraception.
Other risks/ cautions: 
You should not take any new over-the-counter medicines, herbal products, vitamins or food 
supplements while taking part in this study, unless you tell the study doctor and get permission 
from the study doctor to go on taking these medicines.  You will follow the instructions of the 
study doctor about the use of any of these products.
You should also tell the study doctor about all medicines that other doctors may have prescribed 
for you to take.
Are there any benefits to me if I choose to take part in this study?
The benefits of taking part in this study may be better clinical outcomes in the group which 
receive Aggrenox (Aspirin-Dipyridamole) such as decreased risk of mortality, decreased risk of 
needing the ventilator, reduced hospital stay. Dipyridamole has been shown to have some 
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Department of Neurological Surgery
Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey
90 Bergen Street, Suite 8100
Newark, NJ 07103
benefit in a small series of COVID-19 patients in an unpublished study from China. However, it 
is possible that you may not receive any direct benefit from taking part in this study.
Data gathered from this study may allow us to identify an effective treatment for COVID-19 that 
could result in benefit to the patients or society as whole in the future. 
What are my alternatives if I do not want to take part in this study?
There are no alternative treatments available. Your alternative is not to take part in this study. 
You may receive supportive care outside of this study.
How will I know if new information is learned that may affect whether I am willing to stay 
in the study?
During the study, you will be updated about any new information that may affect whether you 
are willing to continue taking part in the study.  If new information is learned that may affect you 
after the study or your follow-up is completed, you will be contacted.
Will I receive the results of the research?
In general, we will not give you any individual results from the study except the details that 
pertain to your condition. You will receive the COVID-19 results. If we find something of urgent 
medical importance to you, we will inform you, although we expect that this will be a very rare 
occurrence. For example, ‘unusual findings on the blood test that we think you should discuss 
with your doctor. 
Will there be any cost to me to take Part in this study?
The drugs used in this study are commercially available. The study drugs will be provided at no 
charge by the BI pharmaceutical company. You and/or your health insurance company will not 
be billed for the cost of any research procedures, which are conducted as part of this study. 
If you are hospitalized and being treated for COVID-19 symptoms, this is standard of care. You 
and/or your health insurance will be responsible for the cost of the hospitalization, standard of 
care tests and/or procedures and any co-pays related to your hospitalization or emergency 
department visit. 
Will I be paid to take part in this study?
You will not be paid to take part in this study.
How will information about me be kept private or confidential?
All efforts will be made to keep your personal information in your research record confidential, 
but total confidentiality cannot be guaranteed. 
Information about your condition and treatment will be collected from your medical record for the 
study. The information will be with a study identification number and stored in a secured 
electronic file. The electronic file is password protected and accessible only to authorized study 
personnel. 
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Department of Neurological Surgery
Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey
90 Bergen Street, Suite 8100
Newark, NJ 07103
If information from this study is published or presented at scientific meetings, your name and 
other personal information will not be used. 
A description of this clinical trial will be available on ClinicalTrials.gov, as required by U.S. law. 
This website will not include information that can identify you. At most, the website will include a 
summary of the results. You can search this website at any time.
What will happen to my information or biospecimens collected for this research after the 
study is over?
All specimens including oral-nasopharyngeal swabs, saliva, sputum and urine will be 
used to address the study objectives. The specimens will be collected and analyzed 
during your treatment, and some samples will be stored for the duration of the study. 
The study will be conducted over approximately 24 months: 6-8 months for enrollment 
(anticipated) and follow-up/data collection (anticipated) and 18 months for specimen 
processing and analysis, and data analysis. 
Any unused specimens will be discarded at the conclusion of the study. 
If you decide to withdraw from the study, your specimens will be discarded as per the 
laboratory policy. 
What will happen if I am injured during this study?
Subjects in this study may be exposed to certain risks of personal injury in addition to those 
associated with standard forms of treatment.  In addition, it is possible that during the course of 
this study, new adverse effects that result in personal injury may be discovered. 
If you get ill or are injured as the direct result of being in this study inform your study doctor as 
soon as possible.  The Institution will make appropriate referrals for treatment.   The Study 
Sponsor shall reimburse all the reasonable and necessary costs of diagnosis and treatment of 
any Study subject injury, including hospitalization, if it:
(a)
Is not a medical condition that you had before you started the study;
(b)
Is not the result of the natural progression of your disease or condition; 
(c)
Is not caused by your failure to follow the study plan; and 
(d)
Is not proved to be directly caused by the Institution’s negligence or 
misconduct. 
There are no other plans for the University to provide other forms of compensation (such as lost 
wages) to you for research related illnesses or injuries.  
What will happen if I do not wish to take part in the study or if I later decide not to stay in 
the study?
It is your choice whether to take part in the research. You may choose to take part, not to take 
part or you may change your mind and withdraw from the study at any time.
If you do not want to enter the study or decide to stop taking part, your relationship with the 
study staff will not change, and you may do so without penalty and without loss of benefits to 
which you are otherwise entitled.
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Department of Neurological Surgery
Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey
90 Bergen Street, Suite 8100
Newark, NJ 07103
You may also withdraw your consent for the use of data already collected about you, but you 
must do this in writing to 
Amit Singla, MD 
Address:
DOC 8th Floor
90 Bergen Street, Newark, NJ 
07013
Phone: 9739725633
Any data that has already been sent to the Data Coordinating Center cannot be withdrawn 
because there may not be any identifiers with the data.
If you decide to withdraw from the study for any reason, you may be asked to return for at least 
one additional visit for safety reasons.
If you decide to withdraw from the study, with your permission, your specimens will be 
discarded as per the laboratory policy. 
Who can I contact if I have questions?
If you have questions about taking part in this study or if you feel you may have suffered a 
research related injury, you can contact the Principal Investigator: 
Amit Singla, MD 
Address:
DOC 8th Floor
90 Bergen Street, Newark, NJ 
07013
Phone: 9739725633
If you have questions about your rights as a research subject, you can contact the Rutgers IRB 
Director at Newark HealthSci IRB, 65 Bergen St., SSB 511, Newark, NJ 07107, (973)-972-3608.
PERMISSION (AUTHORIZATION) TO USE OR SHARE HEALTH 
INFORMATION THAT IDENTIFIES YOU FOR A RESEARCH STUDY
The next few paragraphs tell you about how investigators want to use and share identifiable 
health information from your medical record in this research. Your information will only be used 
as described here or as allowed or required by law. If you sign this consent form, you agree to 
let the investigators use your identifiable health information in the research and share it with 
others as described below. Ask questions if there is something you do not understand.
What Is The Purpose Of The Research And How Will My Information Be Used?
You are being invited to take part in this research study which is described at the beginning of 
this form. The purpose of collecting and using your health information for this study is to help 
investigators answer the questions that are being asked in the research.
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Department of Neurological Surgery
Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey
90 Bergen Street, Suite 8100
Newark, NJ 07103
What Information About Me Will Be Used? 
•
All information in your medical record
•
Hospital discharge summaries
•
Medical history or treatment
•
Medications and their effects
•
Consultations
•
Laboratory/diagnostic tests or imaging
•
EKG/ echocardiogram reports
•
Pathology/ Microbiology reports
•
Emergency Medicine reports
Who May Use, Share or Receive My Information?
The research team may use or share your information collected or created for this study with the 
following people and institutions:
•
Rutgers University Investigators Involved In The Study
•
The Rutgers University Institutional Review Board and Compliance Boards
•
The Office for Human Research Protections in the U.S. Dept. of Health and Human Services
•
Hospital Personnel as Necessary For Clinical Care:
o
University Hospital
•
Non-Rutgers Investigators On the Study Team: Your protected health information will not be 
shared with someone outside of Rutgers. However, the data of the study will be shared with 
the sponsor of the study and with the other investigators of the study team. 
•
The Food and Drug Administration— (For studies involving drugs or biologics, etc.) 
Other organizations not affiliated with Rutgers University:
•
Boehringer Ingelheim- the sponsor of the study:  No protected health information will be
     shared with them.
•
Data safety monitoring board.
•
National Institutes of Health.
Those persons or organizations that receive your information may not be required by Federal 
privacy laws to protect it and may share your information with others without your permission, if 
permitted by the laws governing them.  
Will I Be Able To Review My Research Record While The Research Is Ongoing?
No. We are not able to share information in the research records with you until the study is over. 
To ask for this information, please contact the Principal Investigator, the person in charge of this 
research study.  
Do I Have To Give My Permission?
No. You do not have to permit use of your information. But, if you do not give permission, you 
cannot take part in this study. (Saying no does not stop you from getting medical care or other 
benefits you are eligible for outside of this study.) 
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Department of Neurological Surgery
Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey
90 Bergen Street, Suite 8100
Newark, NJ 07103
If I Say Yes Now, Can I Change My Mind And Take Away My Permission Later?
Yes. You may change your mind and not allow the continued use of your information (and to 
stop taking part in the study) at any time. If you take away permission, your information will no 
longer be used or shared in the study, but we will not be able to take back information that has 
already been used or shared with others. If you say yes now but change your mind later for use 
of your information in the research, you must write to the researcher and tell him or her of your 
decision:
Amit Singla, MD may be reached at
Address:
DOC 8th Floor
90 Bergen Street, Newark, NJ 
07013
Phone: 9739725633
How Long Will My Permission Last?
Your permission for the use and sharing of your health information will last until: “There is no set 
date when your permission will end. Your health information may be studied for many years.”
AGREEMENT TO PARTICIPATE
Subject:
I have read this entire consent form, or it has been read to me, and I believe that I understand what 
has been discussed.  All of my questions about this form and this study have been answered.  I agree 
to take part in this study.
Subject Name (Print):
Subject Signature:
 Date:
Signature of Investigator/Individual Obtaining Consent:
To the best of my ability, I have explained and discussed all the important details about the study 
including all of the information contained in this consent form.  
Investigator/Person Obtaining Consent (Print):
Signature:
 Date: 
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