Conditions: Sleep Disorder, Shift-Work
Allocation: RANDOMIZED | Intervention model: PARALLEL
Enrollment: 19
Healthy volunteers: yes

Brief summary:
The purpose of this study is to test the hypothesis that ingestion of the wake-inhibiting drug suvorexant 30 minutes prior to daytime sleep initiation in individuals working overnight shifts will significantly improve both objective (total sleep time, sleep efficiency, wake after sleep onset) and subjective (sleep quality) measures of daytime sleep.

Detailed description:

Arms:
arm 1: 10 mg of suvorexant 30 minutes prior to daytime sleep opportunity arm 2: Placebo pill 30 minutes prior to daytime sleep opportunity

Interventions: intervention 1: Suvorexant intervention 2: Placebo
Intervention descriptions: intervention 1: None intervention 2: None

Protocol document:
Prot_SAP_001.pdf: 
Examination of the Effectiveness of Suvorexant in Improving Daytime Sleep in Shift 
Workers 
 
NCT# NCT02491788 
 
August 21, 2015 


 
 
2.7 Statistical Analysis 
and Sample Size 
Justification 
The PI, Dr. Jamie Zeitzer, will be responsible for analyzing all 
study data. The blind will be held at the local site by the 
VAPAHCS research pharmacist. Once all data has been cleaned 
and locked, Dr. Zeitzer will be unblinded to conduct the final 
analyses. 
 
Variables/Time Points of Interest 
Objective and subjective sleep variables (total sleep time, sleep 
efficiency, wake after sleep onset, sleep quality) will be collected 
continuously during the 2-week baseline and the three-week 
intervention. Subjective alertness assessment will also be 
collected continuously over the five-week protocol. All of these 
will be used in the study analyses. 
 
Statistical Methods 
The purpose of this study is to test the hypothesis that ingestion 
of 10 mg of suvorexant 30 minutes prior to daytime sleep 
initiation in individuals working overnight shifts will significantly 
improve both objective (total sleep time, sleep efficiency, wake 
after sleep onset) and subjective (sleep quality) measures of sleep. 
A secondary goal is to test the hypothesis that ingestion of 10 mg 
of suvorexant 30 minutes prior to daytime sleep initiation will (1) 
increase subjective measures of alertness during the night shift 
and (2) decrease total sleep time during nocturnal sleep episodes 
on off-days. To accommodate the nested nature of the data (days 
nested within persons), analyses will be conducted in a multilevel 
modeling framework (19). Specifically, the total sleep time 
(TST), as an example, will be modeled as: TST#it = γ00 + 
γ01*groupi + u0i + eit,, where the TST obtained above for person i 
on day t, TST#it, are modeled separately as a function of between-
person and within-person differences. Specifically, γ00, indicates 
the expected TST score for a prototypical participant on a 
prototypical day (the reference category); γ01 captures between-
group differences in sleep (placebo group vs. drug group); and u0i 
and eit capture additional between-person and occasion-specific 
differences not otherwise explained. All models will be fit using 
SAS 9.4 (proc mixed) with restricted maximum likelihood 
estimation. Effect size will be evaluated with respect to 
proportional reduction in unexplained variance from an 
informative baseline model (pseudo-R2, see (19)). 
 
Exploratory measures: 
While the primary measures in this study will examine 
prospective changes in sleep, we will also collect data that will 


examine retrospective changes in sleep. These include examining 
changes in subjective measures of sleep quality that are captured 
in the BSWSQ, ISI, and FOSQ-10 questionnaires. Changes on 
these questionnaires will be examined with repeated measure 
ANOVA. Another exploratory measure to be analyzed in the 
same manner will be a change in depressive symptom severity as 
captured on the CES-D. A final exploratory measure will be to 
examine the change in the number of caffeinated beverages 
during work shifts. Given that there is tremendous variability in 
the caffeine content of caffeinated beverages, within subject 
changes will be examined with multilevel modeling. 
 
Power/Sample Size: 
For estimation of sample size, we have reduced our aim to the 
single, most important outcome measure - will sleep efficiency 
improve in the drug condition - and reduced the statistical testing 
to a t-test. In previously published work (20), a variance of 3.62% 
- 3.87% was observed following use of 10 mg of suvorexant or 
placebo. For purposes of this sample size estimation, we can 
estimate  = 5.55% (average variance * 150%, with the increase 
due to our use of actigraphy instead of polysomnography as a 
reporter). Setting  = 0.05 and power = 80%, we would be able to 
detect a difference of 5.2% in sleep efficiency (i.e., that which 
was observed in a previous trial of 10 mg suvorexant in those 
with insomnia (21)) with 19 participants in each group (n=38 
total). 
 






• Is this a multi-site study? A multi-site study is generally a study that involves one or more
medical or research institutions in which one site takes a lead role.(e.g., multi-site clinical
trial)
N
Collaborating Institution(s)
Yes/No
• Are there any collaborating institution(s)? A collaborating institution is generally an
institution that collaborates equally on a research endeavor with one or more institutions.
N
Cancer Institute
Yes/No
• Cancer-Related Studies (studies with cancer endpoints), Cancer Subjects (e.g., clinical
trials, behavior/prevention) or Cancer Specimens (e.g., blood, tissue, cells, body fluids with
a scientific hypothesis stated in the protocol).
N
Clinical Trials
Yes/No
• Investigational drugs, biologics, reagents, or chemicals?
N
• Commercially available drugs, reagents, or other chemicals administered to subjects (even
if they are not being studied)?
Y
• Investigational Device / Commercial Device used off-label?
N
• IDE Exempt Device (Commercial Device used according to label, Investigational In Vitro
Device or Assay, or Consumer Preference/Modifications/Combinations of Approved
Devices)
Y
• Will this study be registered on# clinicaltrials.gov? ( See Stanford decision tree )
Y
• Is Stanford responsible for ClinicalTrials.gov registration? (See Stanford decision tree)
NCT#
Tissues and Specimens
Yes/No
• Human blood, cells, tissues, or body fluids (tissues)?
Y
• Tissues to be stored for future research projects?
N
• Tissues to be sent out of this institution as part of a research agreement? For guidelines,
please see https://sites.stanford.edu/ico/mtas
N
Biosafety (APB)
Yes/No
• Are you submitting a recombinant DNA vector or Human Gene Transfer investigation
using biological agents? If yes, please complete and attach the Gene Transfer Protocol
Application Supplemental Questions to section 16 of the eProtocol application.
N
• Are you submitting a Human study using biohazardous/infectious agents? If yes, refer to
the http://www.stanford.edu/dept/EHS/prod/researchlab/bio/index.html Administrative
Panel on BioSafety website prior to performing studies.
N
Protocol # 34778 ( New )
PROTOCOL
PD: Jamie Marc Zeitzer
APPLICATION FORM
Page 3 of 21
Review Type: Regular
Human Subjects Research
Medical
Stanford University
Title :
A double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized, parallel design study to examine the effectiveness of 10 mg suvorexant in improving daytime sleep in shift
workers
Approval Period:
Draft


• Are you submitting a Human study using samples from subjects that are known or likely to
contain biohazardous/infectious agents? If yes, refer to the
http://web.stanford.edu/dept/EHS/prod/researchlab/bio/index.html Administrative Panel on
BioSafety website prior to performing studies.
N
Human Embryos or Stem Cells
Yes/No
• Human Embryos or Gametes?
N
• Human Stem Cells (including hESC, iPSC, cancer stem cells, progenitor cells)
N
Veterans Affairs (VA)
Yes/No
• The research recruits participants at the Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care
System(VAPAHCS).
N
• The research involves the use of VAPAHCS non-public information to identify or contact
human research participants or prospective subjects or to use such data for research
purposes.
N
• The research is sponsored (i.e., funded) by VAPAHCS.
N
• The research is conducted by or under the direction of any employee or agent of
VAPAHCS (full-time, part-time, intermittent, consultant, without compensation (WOC),
on-station fee-basis, on-station contract, or on-station sharing agreement basis) in
connection with her/his VAPAHCS responsibilities.
Y
• The research is conducted using any property or facility of VAPAHCS.
Y
Equipment
Yes/No
• Use of Patient related equipment? If Yes, equipment must meet the standards established by
Hospital Instrumentation and Electrical Safety Committee (650-725-5000)
N
• Medical equipment used for human patients/subjects also used on animals?
N
• Radioisotopes/radiation-producing machines, even if standard of care?
http://www.stanford.edu/dept/EHS/prod/researchlab/radlaser/Human_use_guide.pdf More
Info
N
Payment
Yes/No
• Subjects will be paid/reimbursed for participation? See payment considerations.
Y
Funding
Yes/No
• Training Grant?
N
• Program Project Grant?
N
• Federally Sponsored Project?
N
• Industry Sponsored Clinical Trial?
Y
Funding
Protocol # 34778 ( New )
PROTOCOL
PD: Jamie Marc Zeitzer
APPLICATION FORM
Page 4 of 21
Review Type: Regular
Human Subjects Research
Medical
Stanford University
Title :
A double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized, parallel design study to examine the effectiveness of 10 mg suvorexant in improving daytime sleep in shift
workers
Approval Period:
Draft


Funding - Grants/Contracts
Funding Administered By :
PAVIR
SPO # (if available) :
Grant # (if available) :
Funded By (include pending) :
Merck
Pharmaceuticals
Principal Investigator :
Jamie Zeitzer
Grant/Contract Title if different from Protocol Title :
Y
For Federal projects, are contents of this protocol consistent with the Federal proposal?
N
Is this a Multiple Project Protocol (MPP)?
N
Is this protocol under a MPP?
Funding - Fellowships
Gift Funding
Dept. Funding
Other Funding
Resources :
a)
Qualified staff.
Please state and justify the number and qualifications of your study staff.
Dr. Zeitzer is the PI of this study and has conducted studies on human sleep and circadian rhythms for the
past 20 years, including clinical trial studies such as this. Drs. Holty and Sullivan are board-certified sleep
physicians and have conducted clinical research projects with Dr. Zeitzer in the past. Ms. Quevedo has
extensive experience working with clinical trials and been working on such studies with Dr. Zeitzer for the
past several years.
b)
Training.
Describe the training you will provide to ensure that all persons assisting with the research are
informed about the protocol and their research-related duties and functions.
Dr. Zeitzer will ensure the proper conduct and training of all individuals associated with this project.
c)
Facilities.
Please describe and justify.
This is primarily an out-patient study. Dr. Zeitzer has assigned office space at VAPAHCS that will be used
for recruiting and interviewing participants. The Clinical Studies Unit at VAPAHCS will be used for
participant clinical exams.
d)
Sufficient time.
Explain whether you will have sufficient time to conduct and complete the research. Include how much
time is required.
All staff will have sufficient time to conduct and complete the research. Ms. Quevedo, the study
Protocol # 34778 ( New )
PROTOCOL
PD: Jamie Marc Zeitzer
APPLICATION FORM
Page 5 of 21
Review Type: Regular
Human Subjects Research
Medical
Stanford University
Title :
A double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized, parallel design study to examine the effectiveness of 10 mg suvorexant in improving daytime sleep in shift
workers
Approval Period:
Draft


coordinator, will spend the majority of her time on this study. Dr. Zeitzer will spend approximately 10% of
his time supervising this study, Dr. Sullivan will spend approximately 5% of her time advising for this
study, and Dr. Holty will spend approximately 5% of his time doing participant exams in this study.
e)
Access to target population.
Explain and justify whether you will have access to a population that will allow recruitment of the
required number of participants.
Healthy volunteers who do shift work will be recruited from the community. Given the prevalence of shift
work in the catchment area of this study, we believe that there will be sufficient numbers of participants for
recruitment.
f)
Access to resources if needed as a consequence of the research.
State whether you have medical or psychological resources available that participants might require as
a consequence of the research when applicable. Please describe these resources.
Drs. Sullivan and Holty will be on 24-hour call in case of medical issues arising during this study.
g)
Lead Investigator or Coordinating Institution in Multi-site Study.
Please explain (i) your role in coordinating the studies, (ii) procedures for routine communication with
other sites, (iii) documentation of routine communications with other sites, (iv) planned management of
communication of adverse outcomes, unexpected problems involving risk to participants or others,
protocol modifications or interim findings.
1. Purpose
a)
In layperson's language state the purpose of the study in 3-5 sentences.
The purpose of this study is to determine if suvorexant, a drug that inhibits a wake-promoting
(hypocretin/orexin) system in the brain, is able to improve day time sleep and night time alertness in
individuals who work night shifts.
b)
State what the Investigator(s) hope to learn from the study. Include an assessment of the importance of
this new knowledge.
There are currently no acceptable therapies to treat day time sleep difficulties in individuals who work night
shifts (Shift Work Sleep Disorder). Current pharmacotherapies involve use of benzodiazepines or other
sleep medications that put a person into an unnatural state of sleep. The medication being tested in this study
blocks a very specific wake-promoting system in the brain that will enable individuals to achieve normal
sleep during the daytime.
c)
Explain why human subjects must be used for this project. (i.e. purpose of study is to test efficacy of
investigational device in individuals with specific condition; purpose of study is to examine specific
behavioral traits in humans in classroom or other environment)
The physiology of the drug-targeted system (hypocretin/orexin) being examined in this study is distinct in
primates as compared with rodents and other non-mammalian species. The medical condition being
examined (Shift Work Sleep Disorder) is uniquely human.
2. Study Procedures
a)
Please SUMMARIZE the research procedures, screening through closeout, which the human subject
Protocol # 34778 ( New )
PROTOCOL
PD: Jamie Marc Zeitzer
APPLICATION FORM
Page 6 of 21
Review Type: Regular
Human Subjects Research
Medical
Stanford University
Title :
A double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized, parallel design study to examine the effectiveness of 10 mg suvorexant in improving daytime sleep in shift
workers
Approval Period:
Draft


will undergo. Refer to sections in the protocol attached in section 16, BUT do not copy the clinical
protocol. Be clear on what is to be done for research and what is part of standard of care.
All procedures are done for research-purposes only.
Baseline visit (3 hours): Consent process followed by baseline assessments using questionnaires, blood
draw, urinalysis, electrocardiogram, and physical exam
Week 1-2: Sleep will be monitored with a wrist-worn device that monitors movement as well as
participant-completed logs. No changes in behavior.
Weeks 3-5: Sleep will be continued to monitored as during baseline. Subjects will also take a pill 30
minutes prior to day time sleep attempts. This pill will have either drug or placebo (randomized)
End of study visit (2 hour): Same procedures as baseline visit.
b)
Explain how the above research procedures are the least risky that can be performed consistent with
sound research design.
All procedures in this study were designed with the goal of minimizing exposure to risk balanced with
gaining a greater understanding of whether this treatment would help the individuals who participate in this
study and for whom there is no currently available FDA-approved therapy.
c)
State if deception will be used. If so, provide the rationale and describe debriefing procedures. Since
you will not be fully informing the participant in your consent process and form, complete an
alteration of consent (in section 13). Submit a debriefing script (in section 16).
Deception will not be used.
d)
State if audio or video recording will occur. Describe what will become of the recording after use, e.g.,
shown at scientific meetings, erased. Describe the final disposition of the recordings.
Audio and video recordings will not occur.
e)
Describe alternative procedures or courses of treatment, if any, that might be advantageous to the
participant. Describe potential risks and benefits associated with these. Any standard treatment that is
being withheld must be disclosed in the consent process and form. (i.e. standard-of-care drug, different
interventional procedure, no procedure or treatment, palliative care, other research studies).
Instead of participating, individuals who work night shifts can use any one of a number of behaviors or
medications to help them sleep during the day time. None of the available pharmacotherapies induce natural
sleep and the behavioral therapies have efficacy in only a subset of individuals.
f)
Will it be possible to continue the more (most) appropriate therapy for the participant(s) after the
conclusion of the study?
After conclusion of the study, participants would be able to contact their physicians to obtain a prescription
for the medication used in this study.
g)
Study Endpoint. What are the guidelines or end points by which you can evaluate the different
treatments (i.e. study drug, device, procedure) during the study? If one proves to be clearly more
effective than another (or others) during the course of a study, will the study be terminated before the
projected total participant population has been enrolled? When will the study end if no important
differences are detected?
The primary endpoint of this study is a change in total sleep time during day time sleep episodes. Given the
blinding of the study and the relatively small population being studied, we do not intend to examine the
primary outcome prior to study completion (38 total subjects).
3. Background
a)
Describe past experimental and/or clinical findings leading to the formulation of the study.
The hypocretins (orexins) are a pair of neuropeptides produced by a small group of hypothalamic neurons
Protocol # 34778 ( New )
PROTOCOL
PD: Jamie Marc Zeitzer
APPLICATION FORM
Page 7 of 21
Review Type: Regular
Human Subjects Research
Medical
Stanford University
Title :
A double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized, parallel design study to examine the effectiveness of 10 mg suvorexant in improving daytime sleep in shift
workers
Approval Period:
Draft


that are involved in the regulation of the wake state. As hypocretins are only consistently found in neural
tissue and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), examination of their normal physiologic role in humans has been
limited. This is problematic in that the regulation of hypocretins appears to be highly species dependent and
related to the manner by which the species consolidates the timing of their sleep and wake. Data from my
laboratory, obtained in a series of experiments using the wake-consolidating squirrel monkey (Saimiri
sciureus), indicate that hypocretin-1 is likely to be the physiologic representation of the mathematically
modeled circadian alertness signal. This alerting signal increases in the afternoon and reaches a peak just
before habitual bedtime. This signal offsets the increase in homeostatic sleep pressure that accumulates with
time spent awake and allows for the consolidation of wake. Importantly, the circadian alertness signal is, as
the name indicates, controlled by the central circadian pacemaker located in the hypothalamic
suprachiasmatic nucleus. As such, its rise - and the rise of hypocretin-1 in wake-consolidating species such
as humans - is determined by internal circadian clock time and is little affected by behavior such as
sleep/wake patterns.
While this circadian alerting signal as mediated by hypocretins is indispensible for consolidation of sleep
and wake (c.f., sleep and wake fragmentation in those with hypocretin-deficient narcolepsy), it is in direct
conflict with obtaining sleep during the daytime, when the circadian alertness signal is working in direct
opposition to obtaining sleep. One group of individuals who consistently try to sleep during the biological
daytime, when hypocretin-1 concentrations are elevated and opposing sleep, are those who work shifts.
According to a survey in 2004 by the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, there are at least 15 million
Americans who participate in shift work. While we have the scientific capacity to "flip" the circadian
rhythms of individuals working at night and trying to sleep during the daytime, it is a slow process and
cannot synchronize individuals who switch between working nights and being awake during the daytime on
days off. This leaves two unpalatable options: get poor sleep that is both difficult to initiate and maintain, or
take medications such as diphenhydramine (H1 receptor antagonist) or benzodiazepine receptor agonists
that induce an artificial and not particularly restful sleep-like state.
Suvorexant provides an ideal solution for improving sleep in shift workers. Histamine H1 receptor
antagonists and benzodiazepine receptor agonists force the brain into a state of non-wake. As a dual
hypocretin receptor antagonist, suvorexant would suppress the potent circadian drive for wake, thereby
creating a permissive state in which natural sleep would be allowed to occur.
b)
Describe any animal experimentation and findings leading to the formulation of the study.
see 3a
4. Radioisotopes or Radiation Machines
a)
List all standard of care procedures using ionizing radiation (radiation dose received by a subject that
is considered part of their normal medical care). List all research procedures using ionizing radiation
(procedures performed due to participation in this study that is not considered part of their normal
medical care). List each potential procedure in the sequence that it would normally occur during the
entire study. More Info
Identify Week/Month of study
Name of Exam
Identify if SOC or Research
b)
For research radioisotope projects, provide the following radiation-related information:
Identify the radionuclide(s) and chemical form(s).
For the typical subject, provide the total number of times the radioisotope and activity will be
administered (mCi) and the route of administration.
If not FDA approved provide dosimetry information and reference the source documents (package
insert, MIRD calculation, peer reviewed literature).
Protocol # 34778 ( New )
PROTOCOL
PD: Jamie Marc Zeitzer
APPLICATION FORM
Page 8 of 21
Review Type: Regular
Human Subjects Research
Medical
Stanford University
Title :
A double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized, parallel design study to examine the effectiveness of 10 mg suvorexant in improving daytime sleep in shift
workers
Approval Period:
Draft


c)
For research radiation machine projects, provide the following diagnostic procedures:
For well-established radiographic procedures describe the exam.
For the typical subject, identify the total number of times each will be performed on a single
research subject.
For each radiographic procedure, provide the setup and technique sufficient to permit research
subject dose modeling. The chief technologist can usually provide this information.
For radiographic procedures not well-established, provide FDA status of the machine, and
information sufficient to permit research subject dose modeling.
d)
For research radiation machine projects, provide the following therapeutic procedures:
For a well-established therapeutic procedure, identify the area treated, dose per fraction and
number of fractions. State whether the therapeutic procedure is being performed as a normal part of
clinical management for the research participants's medical condition or whether it is being
performed because the research participant is participating in this project.
For a therapeutic procedure that is not well-established, provide FDA status of the machine, basis
for dosimetry, area treated, dose per fraction and number of fractions.
5. Devices
a) Please list in the table below all Investigational Devices (including Commercial Devices used off-label) to
be used on participants.
b) Please list in the table below all IDE Exempt Devices (Commercial Device used according to label,
Investigational In Vitro Device or Assay, or Consumer Preference/Modifications/Combinations of
Approved Devices) to be used on participants.
5. 1
Device Name :
Actiwatch2
Describe the device to be used.
Gross motor activity monitor (similar to a FitBit)
Manufacturer
Respironics
IDE Exemption
Y
This is a legally marketed device being used in accordance with its labeling.
5. 2
Device Name :
ApneaLink
Describe the device to be used.
This device monitors breathing (nasal cannula) and blood oxygenation and heart rate (finger pulse
oximetry)
Manufacturer
Resmed
IDE Exemption
Y
This is a legally marketed device being used in accordance with its labeling.
Protocol # 34778 ( New )
PROTOCOL
PD: Jamie Marc Zeitzer
APPLICATION FORM
Page 9 of 21
Review Type: Regular
Human Subjects Research
Medical
Stanford University
Title :
A double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized, parallel design study to examine the effectiveness of 10 mg suvorexant in improving daytime sleep in shift
workers
Approval Period:
Draft


6. Drugs, Reagents, or Chemicals
a) Please list in the table below all investigational drugs, reagents or chemicals to be administered to
participants.
b) Please list in the table below all commercial drugs, reagents or chemicals to be administered to
participants.
6. 1
Drug Name :
Suvorexant
Source (i.e. Pharmacy, Sponsor,
etc.) :
Merck Pharmaceuticals
If not pre-mixed, where will the material be mixed and by whom:
Manufacturer :
Merck Pharmaceuticals
IND# (if available) :
Dosage :
10 or 20 mg
Administration Route:
oral
IND Exemption
N
Is this new and different uses of this commercially available drug, reagent or chemical?
Y
Are all of these IND Statements true?
Investigational New Drug (IND) Regulations
The IND Regulations [21 CFR 312.2(b)] state that clinical investigation of a drug product is exempt from the
requirements for an IND if all of the following apply:
•
The Drug used in the investigations is lawfully marketed in the United States.
•
The investigation is not intended to be reported to FDA in support of new indication for use or to support any
other significant change in the labeling for the drug.
•
The investigation is not intended to support a significant change in the advertising of the product.
•
The investigation does not involve a route of administration or dosage level, use in a participant population, or
other factor that significantly increases the risks (or decreases the acceptability of the risks) associated with the
use of the drug product.
•
The investigation is conducted in compliance with the requirements for IRB review and informed consent [21
CFR parts 56 and 50].
•
The investigation is conducted in compliance with the requirements concerning the promotion and sale of drugs
[21 CFR part 312.7], e.g., the drug may not be represented as safe or effective for the purposes for which it is
under investigation, nor may it be commercially distributed or sold.
7. Medical Equipment for Human Subjects and Laboratory Animals
Protocol # 34778 ( New )
PROTOCOL
PD: Jamie Marc Zeitzer
APPLICATION FORM
Page 10 of 21
Review Type: Regular
Human Subjects Research
Medical
Stanford University
Title :
A double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized, parallel design study to examine the effectiveness of 10 mg suvorexant in improving daytime sleep in shift
workers
Approval Period:
Draft


If medical equipment used for human patients/participants is also used on animals, describe such
equipment and disinfection procedures.
n/a
8. Participant Population
a)
State the following: (i) the number of participants expected to be enrolled at Stanford-affiliated site(s);
(ii)the total number of participants expected to enroll at all sites; (iii) the type of participants (i.e.
students, patients with certain cancer, patients with certain cardiac condition) and the reasons for
using such participants.
(i) We anticipate that we will enroll 38 participants to completion. We estimate that this will require 50
participants beginning the study (i.e., at least signing a consent form).
(ii) This is a single-site investigation
(iii) This study will examine healthy individuals who work at night and have difficulty initiating or
maintaining sleep during the day. We are specifically studying the effectiveness of this medication on this
condition.
b)
State the age range, gender, and ethnic background of the participant population being recruited.
Age: 20-60 years
Gender: all
Ethnicity: all with recruitment targeting the ethnicity distribution of individuals involved in night work in
the catchment area
c)
State the number and rationale for involvement of potentially vulnerable subjects in the study
(including children, pregnant women, economically and educationally disadvantaged, decisionally
impaired, homeless people, employees and students). Specify the measures being taken to minimize the
risks and the chance of harm to the potentially vulnerable subjects and the additional safeguards that
have been included in the protocol to protect their rights and welfare.
Vulnerable subjects will not be specifically recruited.
d)
If women, minorities, or children are not included, a clear compelling rationale must be provided (e.g.,
disease does not occur in children, drug or device would interfere with normal growth and
development, etc.).
Children are not included as they do not typically work night shifts and the effect of this drug on their
developing brain is unknown.
e)
State the number, if any, of participants who are laboratory personnel, employees, and/or students.
They should render the same written informed consent. If payment is allowed, they should also receive
it. Please see Stanford University policy.
We are not specifically targeting laboratory personnel, employees, or students, though they are not explicitly
excluded. Should they be recruited, they will sign the same consent as all subjects and receive payment as
allowed.
f)
State the number, if any, of participants who are healthy volunteers. Provide rationale for the
inclusion of healthy volunteers in this study. Specify any risks to which participants may possibly be
exposed. Specify the measures being taken to minimize the risks and the chance of harm to the
volunteers and the additional safeguards that have been included in the protocol to protect their rights
and welfare.
All participants will be healthy volunteers. The main risk to which they are exposed, over the risks they
normally encounter in their lives, is taking a prescription medication. There is a favorable side-effect profile
with minimal risk reported in taking this medication. The medication being prescribed is being used to
specifically treat a sleep disorder in these volunteers.
g)
How will you identify and recruit potential participants about the research study? (E.g., by: chart
Protocol # 34778 ( New )
PROTOCOL
PD: Jamie Marc Zeitzer
APPLICATION FORM
Page 11 of 21
Review Type: Regular
Human Subjects Research
Medical
Stanford University
Title :
A double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized, parallel design study to examine the effectiveness of 10 mg suvorexant in improving daytime sleep in shift
workers
Approval Period:
Draft


review; notified by treating physician; response to ad). All final or revised recruitment materials,
flyers, etc. must be submitted to the IRB for review and approval before use. You may not contact
potential participants prior to IRB approval. See Advertisements: Appropriate Language for
Recruitment Material.
Participants will be recruited by flyers and online advertising.
h)
Inclusion and Exclusion Criteria.
Identify inclusion criteria.
• Aged 20-60 (older individuals excluded due to altered sleep-related circadian signaling)
• Males and females
• Shift worker
# Minimum of three months of prior shift work
# Will work minimum of four nights per week or 32 hours of night shift per week during study
# "Night work" defined as having at least six hours of work occurring between 8 PM and 8 AM and no
longer than 12 hours on shift
• Presence of DSM-5 defined Circadian Rhythm Sleep-Wake Disorder: Shift Work Type
# Insomnia (SE < 88%) during attempted daytime sleep or excessive sleepiness during nocturnal wake
Identify exclusion criteria.
• Currently or planning to become pregnant
• Currently breastfeeding
• Inadequate opportunity (<7 hours) for daytime sleep after shift work
• Use of sleep aids during the study period. Includes as needed or continuous use of prescription,
non-prescription, and naturopathic pharmacotherapies
• Diagnosis or detection (during study) of sleep disordered breathing (AHI>10) on home sleep testing;
referral to clinical sleep program will be offered
• Diagnosis of narcolepsy
• Restless Legs Syndrome
• >600 mg caffeine intake per night shift or use of prescription stimulant medication during night shift
• Rotational or irregular work shifts during study
• Use of digoxin for six months prior to or during study
• Use of strong (e.g., etoconazole, itraconazole, posaconazole, clarithromycin, nefazodone, ritonavir,
saquinavir, nelfinavir, indinavir, boceprevir, telaprevir, telithromycin, conivaptan) or moderate (e.g.,
amprenavir, aprepitant, atazanavir, ciprofloxacin, diltiazem, erythromycin, fluconazole, fosamprenavir,
grapefruit juice, imatinib, verapamil) CYP3A inhibitors or CYP3A inducers (e.g., rifampin, carbamazepine,
phenytoin) for six months prior to or during study
• Severe hepatic impairment
• Unstable or severe medical or psychiatric condition
i)
Describe your screening procedures, including how qualifying laboratory values will be obtained. If
you are collecting personal health information prior to enrollment (e.g., telephone screening), please
request a waiver of authorization for recruitment (in section 15).
Screening procedures will be done in a private room at VAPAHCS. Laboratory values will be obtained after
a nurse draws blood and collects urine from the participant at the VAPAHCS Clinical Studies Unit.
j)
Describe how you will be cognizant of other protocols in which participants might be enrolled. Please
explain if participants will be enrolled in more than one study.
We will ask subjects during the recruitment and screening process whether they are enrolled in any other
study. Participants enrolled in other studies will not be empaneled in this study.
k)
Payment/reimbursement. Explain the amount and schedule of payment or reimbursement, if any, that
will be paid for participation in the study. Substantiate that proposed payments are reasonable and
commensurate with the expected contributions of participants and that they do not constitute undue
pressure on participants to volunteer for the research study. Include provisions for prorating payment.
See payment considerations
Protocol # 34778 ( New )
PROTOCOL
PD: Jamie Marc Zeitzer
APPLICATION FORM
Page 12 of 21
Review Type: Regular
Human Subjects Research
Medical
Stanford University
Title :
A double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized, parallel design study to examine the effectiveness of 10 mg suvorexant in improving daytime sleep in shift
workers
Approval Period:
Draft




There is no likely risk to economic well-being.
The risks of the Social well-being.
There is no likely risk to social well-being.
Overall evaluation of Risk.
Low - innocuous procedures such as phlebotomy, urine or stool collection, no therapeutic agent, or safe
therapeutic agent such as the use of an FDA approved drug or device.
b)
If you are conducting international research, describe the qualifications/preparations that enable you
to both estimate and minimize risks to participants. Provide an explanation as to why the research
must be completed at this location and complete the
[LINKFORINTERNATIONALREASEARCHFORM] International Research Form. If not applicable,
enter N/A.
n/a
c)
Describe the planned procedures for protecting against and minimizing all potential risks. Include the
means for monitoring to detect hazards to the participant (and/or to a potential fetus if applicable).
Include steps to minimize risks to the confidentiality of identifiable information.
Two weeks after initiating the baseline portion of the study, participants will return to the lab and be
monitored for risk exposure. One week after initiating medication, subjects will again return to the lab and
be monitored for risk exposure.
d)
Explain the point at which the experiment will terminate. If appropriate, include the standards for the
termination of the participation of the individual participant Also discuss plans for ensuring necessary
medical or professional intervention in the event of adverse effects to the participants.
The experiment will terminate at the end of the three weeks of drug administration. In case of an adverse
event during the protocol, Drs. Holty and Sullivan will be able to advise a proper course of action.
e)
Data Safety and Monitoring Plan (DSMP). See guidance on Data Safety and Monitoring.
A Data and Safety Monitoring Plan (DSMP) is required for studies that present Medium or High risk
to participants. (See Overall Evaluation of Risk above). If Low Risk, a DSMP may not be necessary.
Multi-site Phase III clinical trials funded by NIH require the DSM Plan to have a Data Safety
Monitoring Board or Committee (DSMC or DSMB). The FDA recommends that all multi-site clinical
trials that involve interventions that have potential for greater than minimal risk to study participants
also have a DSMB or DSMC.
The role of the DSMC or DSMB is to ensure the safety of participants by analyzing pooled data from
all sites, and to oversee the validity and integrity of the data. Depending on the degree of risk and the
complexity of the protocol, monitoring may be performed by an independent committee, a board
(DSMC/DSMB), a sponsor's Data Safety Committee (DSC), a Medical Monitor, a sponsor's safety
officer, or by the Protocol Director (PD).
Describe the following:
What type of data and/or events will be reviewed under the monitoring plan, e.g. adverse events,
protocol deviations, aggregate data?
Adverse events, consent forms, and protocol deviations will be monitored.
Identify who will be responsible for Data and Safety Monitoring for this study, e.g. Stanford
Cancer Institute DSMC, an independent monitoring committee, the sponsor, Stanford investigators
independent of the study, the PD, or other person(s).
The PD in collaboration with Drs. Holty and Sullivan will be the responsible entity.
Provide the scope and composition of the monitoring board, committee, or safety monitor, e.g.,
information about each member's relevant experience or area of expertise. If the Monitor is the
Protocol # 34778 ( New )
PROTOCOL
PD: Jamie Marc Zeitzer
APPLICATION FORM
Page 14 of 21
Review Type: Regular
Human Subjects Research
Medical
Stanford University
Title :
A double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized, parallel design study to examine the effectiveness of 10 mg suvorexant in improving daytime sleep in shift
workers
Approval Period:
Draft


Stanford Cancer Center DSMC or the PD, enter N/A.
In addition to the PD, Drs. Holty and Sullivan will consult on all medically-related issues. Both are
board-certified sleep clinicians.
Confirm that you will report Serious Adverse Events (SAEs), Suspected Unexpected Serious
Adverse Reactions (SUSARs), or Unanticipated Problems (UPs) to the person or committee
monitoring the study in accordance with Sponsor requirements and FDA regulations.
SAE, SUSAR, and UP will each be reported to the IRB and Merck (sponsor) in accordance with the
Sponsor's requirements and FDA regulations.
If applicable, how frequently will the Monitoring Committee meet? Will the Monitoring Committee
provide written recommendations about continuing the study to the Sponsor and IRB?
Dr. Zeitzer will monitor all data continuously and will meet with the other members of the Monitoring
Committee as needed.
Specify triggers or stopping rules that will dictate when the study will end, or when some action is
required. If you specified this in Section 2g [Study Endpoints], earlier in this application enter 'See
2g'.
Any SAE or SUSAR will result in the immediate termination of the study.
Indicate to whom the data and safety monitoring person, board, or committee will disseminate the
outcome of the review(s), e.g., to the IRB, the study sponsor, the investigator, or other officials, as
appropriate.
The PD will disseminate the outcomes of all discussion to the IRB, study sponsor, and FDA, as
appropriate.
Select One:
The Protocol Director will be the only monitoring entity for this study.
Y
This protocol will utilize a board, committee, or safety monitor as identified in question #2 above.
10. Benefits
a)
Describe the potential benefit(s) to be gained by the participants or by the acquisition of important
knowledge which may benefit future participants, etc.
Participants may find the medication helpful for treating their shift work sleep disorder and would be able to
speak with their primary care physician about the appropriateness of a prescription. This study would
increase our knowledge about how to appropriately treat shift work sleep disorders.
11. Privacy and Confidentiality
Privacy Protections
a)
Describe how the conditions under which interactions will occur are adequate to protect the privacy
interests of participants (e.g., privacy of physical setting for interviews or data collection, protections
for follow-up interactions such as telephone, email and mail communications).
Direct interactions will occur in a private room at VAPAHCS as well as at the Clinical Studies Unit at
VAPAHCS. We will primarily use the telephone to communicate issues of scheduling with the participants.
Confidentiality Protections
Protocol # 34778 ( New )
PROTOCOL
PD: Jamie Marc Zeitzer
APPLICATION FORM
Page 15 of 21
Review Type: Regular
Human Subjects Research
Medical
Stanford University
Title :
A double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized, parallel design study to examine the effectiveness of 10 mg suvorexant in improving daytime sleep in shift
workers
Approval Period:
Draft


b)
Specify PHI (Protected Health Information). PHI is health information linked to HIPAA identifiers
(see above). List BOTH health information AND HIPAA identifiers. If you are using STARR, use the
Data Privacy Attestation to ensure that your request will match your IRB-approved protocol. Be
consistent with information entered in section 15a.
We will obtain the following PHI:
Name
Social Security number
Telephone number
Local address
Birth date
Electronic mail addresses
c)
You are required to comply with University Policy that states that ALL electronic devices: computers
(laptops and desktops; OFFICE or HOME); smart phones; tablets; external hard disks, USB drives,
etc. that may hold identifiable participant data will be password protected, backed up, and encrypted.
See http://med.stanford.edu/datasecurity/ for more information on the Data Security Policy and links
to encrypt your devices.
Provide any additional information on ALL data security measures you are taking. You must use
secure databases such as https://researchcompliance.stanford.edu/panels/hs/redcap RedCap. If you are
unsure of the security of the system, check with your Department IT representative. Please see
http://med.stanford.edu/irt/security/ for more information on IRT Information Security Services and
http://www.stanford.edu/group/security/securecomputing/mobile_devices.html for more information
for securing mobile computing devices. Additionally,any PHI data on paper must be secured in an
locked environment.
By checking this box, You affirm the aforementioned. Y
PHI will be stored on paper in a locked cabinet in a locked room in a locked wing of Building 4 at
VAPAHCS. Deidentified data will be stored on encrypted Stanford desktop computers backed up with
Crash Plan Pro.
d)
Describe how data or specimens will be labeled (e.g. name, medical record number, study number,
linked coding system) or de-identified. If you are de-identifying data or specimens, who will be
responsible for the de-identification? If x-rays or other digital images are used, explain how and by
whom the images will be de-identified.
All data are de-identified. The subject coordinator assigns a sequential random code (e.g., SUV001) each
participant once the participant signs a consent form.
e)
Indicate who will have access to the data or specimens (e.g., research team, sponsors, consultants) and
describe levels of access control (e.g., restricted access for certain persons or groups, access to linked
data or specimens).
All members of the research team will have access to all data.
f)
If data or specimens will be coded, describe the method in which they will be coded so that study
participants' identities cannot be readily ascertained from the code.
Our lab assigns a random code with the first part indicating the study in which the individual is participating
and the second the sequential number of the participant.
g)
If data or specimens will be coded, indicate who will maintain the key to the code and describe how it
will be protected against unauthorized access.
The key to the code is kept on paper in a locked file cabinet in a locked room in a locked wing of Building 4
at VAPAHCS. All team members have access to this information.
h)
If you will be sharing data with others, describe how data will be transferred (e.g., courier, mail) or
transmitted (e.g., file transfer software, file sharing, email). If transmitted via electronic networks,
describe how you will secure the data while in transit.See
http://www.stanford.edu/group/security/securecomputing/
Protocol # 34778 ( New )
PROTOCOL
PD: Jamie Marc Zeitzer
APPLICATION FORM
Page 16 of 21
Review Type: Regular
Human Subjects Research
Medical
Stanford University
Title :
A double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized, parallel design study to examine the effectiveness of 10 mg suvorexant in improving daytime sleep in shift
workers
Approval Period:
Draft




b)
What is the Procedure to assess understanding of the information contained in the consent? How will
the information be provided to participants if they do not understand English or if they have a hearing
impairment? See HRPP Chapter12.2 for guidance.
All subjects will need to be able to comprehend English and have normal hearing. One-on-one interviewing
will ensure that potential participants understand what they are being asked to do.
c)
What steps are you taking to determine that potential participants are competent to participate in the
decision-making process? If your study may enroll adults who are unable to consent, describe (i) how
you will assess the capacity to consent, (ii) what provisions will be taken if the participant regains the
capacity to consent,(iii) who will be used as a legally authorized representative, and (iv) what
provisions will be made for the assent of the participant.
We will not be enrolling any decisionally impaired individuals in this study.
Additional VA questions:
i)
List the people to whom you have formally delegated responsibility to obtain informed consent, and
state whether they have the appropriate training to perform this activity.
Dr. Jon-Erik Holty and Ms. Yvonne Quevedo have been delegated responsibility to obtain informed
consent. They are both experienced at such and are properly trained to review consent forms with subjects.
ii)
Will legally effective informed consent be obtained from the participant or the participant's legally
authorized representative (LAR) or both? If LAR, is it clear who can serve as LAR?
LAR will not be used.
iii)
Will the circumstances of the consent process minimize the possibility of coercion or undue influence
and provide the prospective participant or their representative sufficient opportunity to consider
whether to participate?
The circumstances of the consent process will minimize the possibility of coercion or undue influence and
provide the prospective participant or their representative sufficient opportunity to consider whether to
participate.
iv)
Will the circumstances of the consent process minimize the possibility of coercion or undue influence?
Discussion of the consent form will occur in a private room and able time for questions will be made
available. Subjects will make the appointment for the consenting process on their own time and we do not
foresee that the subject will feel, either perceived or real, any undue influence.
v)
Will the information being communicated to the participant or the representative during the consent
process exclude any exculpatory language through which the participant or the representative is made
to waive or appear to waive the participant's legal rights, or release or appear to release the
investigator, the sponsor, the institution, or its agent from liability for negligence (e.g. I give up any
property rights I may have in bodily fluids or tissue samples obtained in the course of the research)?
No exculpatory language is used in the consent form.
vi)
Please confirm the following:
a. A witness to the participant's signature or the participant's legally authorized representative's
signature will sign and date the consent document.
b. If the sponsor or the IRB requires a witness to the consenting process in addition to the witness to
the participant's signature and if the same person is needed to serve both capacities, a note to that
effect is placed under the witness's signature line.
c. A copy of the signed and dated consent document will be given to the person signing the consent
document.
d. The consent form is on the VA Form 10-1086.
14. Assent Background (less than 18 years of age)
15. HIPAA Background
Protocol # 34778 ( New )
PROTOCOL
PD: Jamie Marc Zeitzer
APPLICATION FORM
Page 18 of 21
Review Type: Regular
Human Subjects Research
Medical
Stanford University
Title :
A double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized, parallel design study to examine the effectiveness of 10 mg suvorexant in improving daytime sleep in shift
workers
Approval Period:
Draft


15. 1
Waiver of Authorization for
Recruitment
limited waiver for phone screen
a)
Describe the protected health information (PHI) needed to conduct screening or recruitment. PHI is
health information linked to HIPAA identifiers. List BOTH health information AND HIPAA
identifiers. If you are using STARR, use the Data Privacy Attestation to ensure that your request will
match your IRB-approved protocol.
PHI collected during the phone screen includes the potential participant's name and contact information
(phone number and address).
b)
Please Answer:
Y
Do you certify that the use or disclosure of protected health information involves no more than a
minimal risk to the privacy of individuals?
Y
Do you certify that the research could not practically be conducted with out the waiver?
Y
Do you certify that you have adequate written assurances that the protected health information will
not be reused or disclosed to any other person or entity, except as required by law, for authorized
oversight of the research project, or for other research for which the use or disclosure of protected
health information would be permitted?
Y
Do you certify that the research could not practically be conducted with out access to and use of the
protected health information?
c)
Please describe an adequate plan to protect any identifiers from improper use and disclosure.
Phone screens will be kept in a binder separate from other study information. The binder will be kept in a
locked drawer in a locked room.
d)
Please describe an adequate plan to destroy the identifiers at the earliest opportunity consistent with
conduct of the research, unless there is a health or research justification for retaining the identifiers
or such retention is otherwise required by law.
Once the study has been completed, PHI information will be destroyed.
16. Attachments
Attachment Name
Attached Date
Attached By
Submitted Date
belsomra package insert
06/26/2015
jzeitzer
Bergen Shift Work Sleep
Questionnaire
06/26/2015
jzeitzer
RLS question
06/26/2015
jzeitzer
CES-D subject form
06/26/2015
jzeitzer
Morningness Eveningness
Questionnaire
06/26/2015
jzeitzer
Duke Sleep interview - CRSD
module
06/26/2015
jzeitzer
Insomnia Severity Index
(night sleep)
06/26/2015
jzeitzer
Insomnia Severity Index (day
sleep)
06/26/2015
jzeitzer
Protocol # 34778 ( New )
PROTOCOL
PD: Jamie Marc Zeitzer
APPLICATION FORM
Page 19 of 21
Review Type: Regular
Human Subjects Research
Medical
Stanford University
Title :
A double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized, parallel design study to examine the effectiveness of 10 mg suvorexant in improving daytime sleep in shift
workers
Approval Period:
Draft


CGI-S and -I
06/26/2015
jzeitzer
Fosq98 short version
06/29/2015
jzeitzer
demographics-r063015
06/30/2015
jzeitzer
Modified CSD_Core Day
Sleep
07/01/2015
jzeitzer
Modified CSD_Core Night
Sleep
07/01/2015
jzeitzer
VARQs_APP1m
07/02/2015
jzeitzer
Obligations
The Protocol Director agrees to:
•
Adhere to principles of sound scientific research designed to yield valid results
•
Conduct the study according to the protocol approved by the IRB
•
Be appropriately qualified to conduct the research and be trained in Human Research protection, ethical
principles, regulations, policies and procedures
•
Ensure all Stanford research personnel are adequately trained and supervised
•
Ensure that the rights and welfare of participants are protected including privacy and confidentiality of data
•
Ensure that, when de-identified materials are obtained for research purposes, no attempt will be made to
re-identify them.
•
Disclose to the appropriate entities any potential conflict of interest
•
Report promptly any new information, modification, or unanticipated problems that raise risks to
participants or others
•
Apply relevant professional standards.
Any change in the research protocol must be submitted to the IRB for review prior to the implementation of
such change. Any complications in participants or evidence of increase in the original estimate of risk should
be reported at once to the IRB before continuing with the project. Inasmuch as the Institutional Review
Board (IRB) includes faculty, staff, legal counsel, public members, and students, protocols should be written
in language that can be understood by all Panel members. The investigators must inform the participants of
any significant new knowledge obtained during the course of the research.
IRB approval of any project is for a maximum period of one year. For continuing projects and activities, it is
the responsibility of the investigator(s) to resubmit the project to the IRB for review and re-approval prior to
the end of the approval period. A Notice to Renew Protocol is sent to the Protocol Director 7 weeks prior to
the expiration date of the protocol.
Department Chair must approve faculty and staff research that is not part of a sponsored project. VA
applicants must have Division Chief or Ward Supervisor approval. E-mail the Department Chair approval to
IRBCoordinator@lists.stanford.edu.
All data including signed consent form documents must be retained for a minimum of three years past the
completion of the research. Additional requirements may be imposed by your funding agency, your
department, or other entities. (Policy on Retention of and Access to Research Data, Research Policy
Handbook,
Protocol # 34778 ( New )
PROTOCOL
PD: Jamie Marc Zeitzer
APPLICATION FORM
Page 20 of 21
Review Type: Regular
Human Subjects Research
Medical
Stanford University
Title :
A double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized, parallel design study to examine the effectiveness of 10 mg suvorexant in improving daytime sleep in shift
workers
Approval Period:
Draft


http://doresearch.stanford.edu/policies/research-policy-handbook/conduct-research/retention-and-access-research-data)
PLEASE NOTE: List all items (verbatim) that you want to be reflected in your approval letter (e.g.,
Amendment, Investigator's Brochure, consent form(s), advertisement, etc.) in the box below. Include number
and date when appropriate.
Y
By checking this box, I verify that I, as the Protocol Director (PD) responsible for this research protocol,
have read and agree to abide by the above obligations, or that I have been delegated authority by the PD to
certify that the PD has read and agrees to abide by the above obligations.
Protocol # 34778 ( New )
PROTOCOL
PD: Jamie Marc Zeitzer
APPLICATION FORM
Page 21 of 21
Review Type: Regular
Human Subjects Research
Medical
Stanford University
Title :
A double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized, parallel design study to examine the effectiveness of 10 mg suvorexant in improving daytime sleep in shift
workers
Approval Period:
Draft