Conditions: Renal Cell Carcinoma
Keywords: RCC Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma ccRCC Metastatic RCC Recurrent RCC Kidney Cancer Kidney Neoplasms Axitinib AG-013736 Tyrosine Kinase Inhibition TKI
Allocation: NA | Intervention model: SINGLE_GROUP
Enrollment: 3
Healthy volunteers: no

Brief summary:
The purpose of this study is to see how well the study drug, axitinib, helps control renal (kidney) cancer that has come back (recurrent) or spread (metastatic). Patients must have already been treated as a participant in a clinical trial with sunitinib, sorafenib, pazopanib or placebo (sugar pill) after their initial surgery.

This study will examine the effect of adjuvant tyrosine kinase inhibition (TKI) therapy (sorafenib, sunitinib or pazopanib) on subsequent exposure to TKI with axitinib in the first-line recurrent or metastatic setting.

Detailed description:
Approximately 64,770 cases of cancer involving the kidney and renal pelvis were diagnosed in the United States in 2012 and 13,570 deaths occurred from these tumors. The rate of Renal Cell Carcinoma (RCC) has increased by 2% per year for the past 65 years. The reason for this increase in unknown but smoking and obesity are risk factors for the development of RCC. Early stage disease is typically treated with resection with definitive intent with partial or radical nephrectomy. Patients with metastatic disease are often treated with systemic therapy with palliative intent. Systemic therapeutic options include so-called targeted therapies, and less often chemotherapy and immunomodulatory therapies (interferon alpha and interleukin-2).

The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has approved six targeted agents for the treatment of advanced and metastatic renal cell carcinoma that fall into two general classes - vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) inhibitors and inhibitors of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR). On the basis of several randomized phase III studies, vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 (VEGFR2) inhibitor therapy has become the generally preferred treatment for recurrent and metastatic ccRCC (clear cell Renal Cell Carcinoma) in the first-line setting. Treatment of ccRCC with VEGF-inhibition in the first-line metastatic setting, is associated with a progression-free survival of approximately 11 months. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) inhibitor therapy in the second-line remains active, but to a lesser degree - progression-free survival (PFS) has been reported to be between 5 and 7 months.

Adjuvant treatment of high-risk, early-stage ccRCC with VEGFR2 TKI therapy following definitive resection has become an area of active investigation. The ASSURE trial (ECOG 2805) recently completed accrual, and other adjuvant trials - i.) SORCE (sorafenib for 3 or 1 year versus placebo), ii.) S-Trac (sunitinib versus placebo) - are in accrual.

Axitinib (AG-013736, Pfizer Inc.), a receptor-tyrosine kinase inhibitor that is selective for VEGFR1, 2, and 3, is an important new agent for use in metastatic RCC. Axitinib has been examined extensively in RCC, and it has been shown to be safe, well-tolerated, and highly active. On January 27, 2012, the FDA approved axitinib for the treatment of advanced RCC after failure of one prior systemic therapy.

Arms:
arm 1: Axitinib will be given orally and will continue until progression of disease.

Interventions: intervention 1: Axitinib
Intervention descriptions: intervention 1: Axitinib 5 mg orally with food every 12 hours. One cycle=28 days.

Protocol document: