Conditions: HIV-1
Allocation: RANDOMIZED | Intervention model: PARALLEL
Enrollment: 30
Healthy volunteers: no

Brief summary:
This study will evaluate the safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics, and anti-retroviral therapy (ART) activity of islatravir (MK-8591) monotherapy in ART-naive, human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) infected participants. The primary hypothesis is that at a safe and tolerable dose of islatravir, the true mean difference in the plasma HIV-1 ribonucleic acid (RNA) reduction from baseline between islatravir and placebo is at least 0.5 log (base10) copies/mL.

Detailed description:

Arms:
arm 1: Single oral dose of islatravir 1 mg arm 2: Single oral dose of islatravir 2 mg arm 3: Single oral dose of islatravir 10 mg arm 4: Single oral dose of islatravir 30 mg arm 5: Single oral dose of islatravir 0.5 mg arm 6: Single oral dose of islatravir 0.25 mg arm 7: Single oral dose of 30 mg islatravir administered following \>8 hour fast. Participants will be closely monitored for viral load for up to approximately 21 days prior to starting standard of care ART.

Interventions: intervention 1: 1 mg islatravir intervention 2: 2 mg islatravir intervention 3: 10 mg islatravir intervention 4: 30 mg islatravir intervention 5: 0.5 mg islatravir intervention 6: 0.25 mg islatravir
Intervention descriptions: intervention 1: Single oral dose of 1 mg islatravir administered following ≥8 hour fast intervention 2: Single oral dose of 2 mg islatravir administered following ≥8 hour fast intervention 3: Single oral dose of 10 mg islatravir administered following ≥8 hour fast intervention 4: Single oral dose of 30 mg islatravir administered following ≥8 hour fast intervention 5: Single oral dose of 0.5 mg islatravir administered following ≥8 hour fast intervention 6: Single oral dose of 0.25 mg islatravir administered following ≥8 hour fast

Protocol document:
Prot_SAP_000.pdf: 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Official Protocol Title: A Single-Dose Clinical Trial to Study the Safety, Tolerability, 
Pharmacokinetics, and Anti- Retroviral Activity of MK-8591 
Monotherapy in Anti-Retroviral Therapy (ART)-Naïve, HIV-1 
Infected Patients 
NCT number: 
NCT02217904 
Document Date: 
21-Dec-2016 


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THIS PROTOCOL AMENDMENT AND ALL OF THE INFORMATION RELATING 
TO IT ARE CONFIDENTIAL AND PROPRIETARY PROPERTY OF MERCK 
SHARP & DOHME CORP., A SUBSIDIARY OF MERCK & CO., INC., 
WHITEHOUSE STATION, NJ, U.S.A.
SPONSOR:
Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp., a subsidiary of Merck & Co., Inc. 
(hereafter referred to as the Sponsor or Merck)
One Merck Drive
P.O. Box 100
Whitehouse Station, NJ 08889-0100, U.S.A.
Protocol-specific Sponsor Contact information can be found in the Investigator Trial File
Binder (or equivalent).
TITLE:
A Single-Dose Clinical Trial to Study the Safety, Tolerability, Pharmacokinetics, and Anti-
Retroviral Activity of MK-8591 Monotherapy in Anti-Retroviral Therapy (ART)-Naïve, 
HIV-1 Infected Patients
IND NUMBER:  128,595
EudraCT NUMBER:  [2014-002192-28]


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TABLE OF CONTENTS
SUMMARY OF CHANGES.................................................................................................. 9
1.0
TRIAL SUMMARY.................................................................................................. 13
2.0
TRIAL DESIGN........................................................................................................ 13
Trial Design ........................................................................................................... 13
2.1
Trial Diagram........................................................................................................ 14
2.2
3.0
OBJECTIVE(S) & HYPOTHESIS(ES).................................................................. 14
Primary Objective(s) & Hypothesis(es) .............................................................. 14
3.1
Secondary Objective(s) & Hypothesis(es)........................................................... 15
3.2
Exploratory Objectives......................................................................................... 15
3.3
4.0
BACKGROUND & RATIONALE.......................................................................... 15
Background ........................................................................................................... 15
4.1
Pharmaceutical and Therapeutic Background .................................................... 15
4.1.1
Completed Clinical Trials ................................................................................... 16
4.1.2
Rationale................................................................................................................ 16
4.2
Rationale for the Trial and Selected Subject Population .................................... 16
4.2.1
Rationale for Dose Selection/Regimen............................................................... 17
4.2.2
4.2.2.1
Rationale for Dose Interval and Trial Design .............................................. 25
Rationale for Endpoints ...................................................................................... 25
4.2.3
4.2.3.1
Viral Pharmacodynamic Endpoints ............................................................. 25
4.2.3.2
Safety Endpoints .......................................................................................... 26
4.2.3.3
Pharmacokinetic Endpoints ......................................................................... 26
4.2.3.4
Future Biomedical Research........................................................................ 27
Benefit/Risk ........................................................................................................... 27
4.3
5.0
METHODOLOGY ................................................................................................... 27
Entry Criteria........................................................................................................ 27
5.1
Diagnosis/Condition for Entry into the Trial ...................................................... 27
5.1.1
Subject Inclusion Criteria.................................................................................... 28
5.1.2
Subject Exclusion Criteria .................................................................................. 30
5.1.3
Trial Treatment(s) ................................................................................................ 31
5.2


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Dose Selection/Modification .............................................................................. 32
5.2.1
5.2.1.1
Dose Selection (Preparation) ....................................................................... 32
5.2.1.2
Dose Modification (Escalation/Titration/Other).......................................... 32
Trial Blinding/Masking....................................................................................... 33
5.2.2
Randomization or Allocation............................................................................... 33
5.3
Stratification.......................................................................................................... 33
5.4
Concomitant Medications/Vaccinations (Allowed & Prohibited).................... 33
5.5
Rescue Medications & Supportive Care............................................................. 33
5.6
Diet/Activity/Other Considerations..................................................................... 34
5.7
Diet...................................................................................................................... 34
5.7.1
Alcohol, Caffeine, Tobacco, Activity ................................................................. 34
5.7.2
5.7.2.1
Alcohol Restrictions..................................................................................... 34
5.7.2.2
Caffeine Restrictions.................................................................................... 34
5.7.2.3
Smoking Restrictions................................................................................... 34
5.7.2.4
Activity Restrictions .................................................................................... 34
5.7.2.5
Contraception and Pregnancy Testing ......................................................... 35
5.7.2.5.1
Contraception........................................................................................ 35
5.7.2.5.2
Pregnancy Testing................................................................................. 35
Subject Withdrawal/Discontinuation Criteria................................................... 35
5.8
Timing of Dose Administration .......................................................................... 36
5.8.1
Subject Replacement Strategy............................................................................. 36
5.9
Beginning and End of the Trial ........................................................................... 36
5.10
Clinical Criteria for Early Trial Termination ................................................... 36
5.11
6.0
TRIAL FLOW CHART ........................................................................................... 38
7.0
TRIAL PROCEDURES ........................................................................................... 42
Trial Procedures ................................................................................................... 42
7.1
Administrative Procedures.................................................................................. 42
7.1.1
7.1.1.1
Informed Consent......................................................................................... 42
7.1.1.1.1
General Informed Consent.................................................................... 42
7.1.1.1.2
Consent and Collection of Specimens for Future Biomedical 
Research................................................................................................ 43
7.1.1.2
Inclusion/Exclusion Criteria ........................................................................ 43


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7.1.1.3
Subject Identification Card .......................................................................... 43
7.1.1.4
Medical History ........................................................................................... 43
7.1.1.5
Prior and Concomitant Medications Review ............................................... 43
7.1.1.5.1
Prior Medications.................................................................................. 43
7.1.1.5.2
Concomitant Medications..................................................................... 43
7.1.1.6
Assignment of Screening Number............................................................... 43
7.1.1.7
Assignment of Treatment/Randomization Number..................................... 44
7.1.1.8
Trial Compliance (Medication/Diet/Activity/Other) ................................... 44
Clinical Procedures/Assessments........................................................................ 44
7.1.2
Laboratory Procedures/Assessments .................................................................. 46
7.1.3
7.1.3.1
Laboratory Safety Evaluations (Hematology, Chemistry and Urinalysis) .. 46
7.1.3.2
Pharmacokinetic/Pharmacodynamic Evaluations ........................................ 47
7.1.3.2.1
Blood Collection for Plasma MK-8591................................................ 48
7.1.3.2.2
Urine Collection for Urinary MK-8591................................................ 48
7.1.3.3
Blood Collection for PBMC ........................................................................ 48
7.1.3.4
Future Biomedical Research........................................................................ 48
Other Procedures................................................................................................. 48
7.1.4
7.1.4.1
Withdrawal/Discontinuation........................................................................ 48
7.1.4.1.1
Withdrawal From Future Biomedical Research ................................... 49
7.1.4.2
Blinding/Unblinding .................................................................................... 49
7.1.4.3
Domiciling ................................................................................................... 49
7.1.4.4
Calibration of Critical Equipment................................................................ 49
Visit Requirements.............................................................................................. 50
7.1.5
7.1.5.1
Screening...................................................................................................... 50
7.1.5.2
Treatment Period/Vaccination Visit ............................................................ 50
7.1.5.2.1
Predose Procedures (All Panels)........................................................... 50
7.1.5.2.2
Treatment Procedures (All Panels)....................................................... 50
7.1.5.3
Post-Trial...................................................................................................... 50
7.1.5.4
Critical Procedures Based on Trial Objectives: Timing of Procedure......... 51
7.1.5.5
Trial 
Design/Dosing/Procedures Modifications Permitted 
within 
Protocol Parameters ..................................................................................... 51
Assessing and Recording Adverse Events .......................................................... 52
7.2


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Definition of an Overdose for This Protocol and Reporting of Overdose to 
7.2.1
the Sponsor.......................................................................................................... 53
Reporting of Pregnancy and Lactation to the Sponsor ....................................... 53
7.2.2
Immediate Reporting of Adverse Events to the Sponsor.................................... 54
7.2.3
7.2.3.1
Serious Adverse Events ............................................................................... 54
7.2.3.2
Events of Clinical Interest............................................................................ 55
7.2.3.3
Protocol-Specific Exceptions to Serious Adverse Event Reporting ............ 56
Evaluating Adverse Events................................................................................. 56
7.2.4
Sponsor Responsibility for Reporting Adverse Events ...................................... 59
7.2.5
8.0
STATISTICAL ANALYSIS PLAN ........................................................................ 59
Statistical Analysis Plan Summary ..................................................................... 59
8.1
Statistical Analysis Plan ....................................................................................... 60
8.2
Hypotheses.......................................................................................................... 60
8.2.1
Analysis Endpoints ............................................................................................. 60
8.2.2
Approaches to Analyses...................................................................................... 61
8.2.3
Statistical Methods.............................................................................................. 61
8.2.4
Multiplicity ......................................................................................................... 63
8.2.5
Power .................................................................................................................. 63
8.2.6
9.0
LABELING, PACKAGING, STORAGE AND RETURN OF CLINICAL 
SUPPLIES ................................................................................................................. 63
Investigational Product ........................................................................................ 63
9.1
Packaging and Labeling Information ................................................................. 64
9.2
Clinical Supplies Disclosure................................................................................. 64
9.3
Storage and Handling Requirements.................................................................. 64
9.4
Returns and Reconciliation.................................................................................. 64
9.5
10.0
ADMINISTRATIVE AND REGULATORY DETAILS....................................... 65
Confidentiality....................................................................................................... 65
10.1
Confidentiality of Data ....................................................................................... 65
10.1.1
Confidentiality of Subject Records ..................................................................... 65
10.1.2
Confidentiality of Investigator Information........................................................ 65
10.1.3
Confidentiality of IRB/IEC Information............................................................. 66
10.1.4
Compliance with Financial Disclosure Requirements....................................... 66
10.2


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Compliance with Law, Audit and Debarment ................................................... 66
10.3
Compliance with Trial Registration and Results Posting Requirements ........ 68
10.4
Quality Management System............................................................................... 69
10.5
Data Management................................................................................................. 69
10.6
Publications ........................................................................................................... 69
10.7
11.0
LIST OF REFERENCES......................................................................................... 70
12.0
APPENDICES........................................................................................................... 71
Merck Code of Conduct for Clinical Trials........................................................ 71
12.1
Collection and Management of Specimens for Future Biomedical 
12.2
Research................................................................................................................. 73
Understanding the Intent, Scope and Public Health Benefits of 
12.3
Exploratory Biomarker Research: A Guide for IRBs/IECs and 
Investigational Site Staff ...................................................................................... 79
Approximate Blood Volumes Collected by Trial Visit and by Sample 
12.4
Types ...................................................................................................................... 90
Division of AIDS Table for Grading Severity of Adult and Pediatric 
12.5
Adverse .................................................................................................................. 91
13.0
SIGNATURES......................................................................................................... 112
Sponsor's Representative ................................................................................... 112
13.1
Investigator.......................................................................................................... 112
13.2


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LIST OF TABLES
Table 1  MK-8591 Dosing Scheme ........................................................................................ 14
Table 2:  Summary Pharmacokinetic Parameter Values of Plasma MK-8591 Following 
Administration of Single Oral Doses of 1mg, 2mg, 10mg and 30mg to Anti-
Retroviral Therapy (ART)-Naive, HIV-1 Infected Patients in Fasted State............... 22
Table 3:  Summary Pharmacokinetic Parameter Values of MK-8591 triphosphate (TP) in 
PBMC Following Administration of Single Oral Doses of 1mg, 2mg,10mg and 
30mg to Anti-Retroviral Therapy (ART)-Naive, HIV-1 Infected Patients in 
Fasted State................................................................................................................. 23
Table 4  Trial Treatment ......................................................................................................... 32
Table 5  Sample Allocation Schedule..................................................................................... 33
Table 6  Laboratory Tests ....................................................................................................... 47
Table 7  Evaluating Adverse Events....................................................................................... 57
Table 8  Product Descriptions................................................................................................. 64




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SUMMARY OF CHANGES
PRIMARY REASON(S) FOR THIS AMENDMENT:
Section Number (s)
Section Title(s)
Description of Change (s)
Rationale
1.0, 2.0 4.2.2
Trial Summary, Trial Design;
Rationale for Dose 
Selection/Regimen
Addition of 3 Panels (E, F, and 
G).  In Panel E, subjects will be 
given 0.5mg MK-8591 and in 
Panel F, subjects will be given 
0.25mg after review of safety, 
tolerability, pharmacokinetics, 
and antiretroviral 
pharmacodynamics of MK-
8591 from Panel E.  In Panel G, 
subjects will be given 30 mg 
MK-8591 and initiated on ART 
at the end of monotherapy time 
point of 21 days or when viral 
load becomes detectable after 
having fallen below the limit of 
detection.
A lower dose of MK-8591 will 
be assessed in Panels E and F
to further refine the dose 
response curve for MK-8591.   
In Panel G, 30 mg MK-8591
will be assessed to evaluate the 
duration of antiretroviral 
suppression after a single dose 
of 30 mg MK-8591.


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ADDITIONAL CHANGE(S) FOR THIS AMENDMENT:
Section Number (s)
Section Title (s)
Description of Change (s)
Rationale
3.1
Primary Objectives
Addition of Panels E, F and G
to primary objectives
See rationale above in “primary 
reason for this amendment”
3.2, 8.2.2, 8.2.4
Exploratory Objectives; 
Analysis Endpoints; Statistical 
Methods
Modification of exploratory 
objective for Panel G, 30mg
To determine whether the 
duration of antiretroviral 
suppression after a single dose 
of 30 mg MK-8591 can extend 
to at least three weeks 
postdose. 
4.2.2
Rationale for Dose 
Selection/Regimen
Addition of food effect data 
from MK-8591 P001
Food effect data from MK-
8591 P001 has been provided
since this section previously 
stated that the effect of food on 
MK-8591 was not known.
Results provided from Panel D, 
1 mg MK-8591
Data from Panel D, 1 mg MK-
8591, has been provided to help 
inform the decision to 
administer lower doses in 
Panels E and F


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Criteria added for the initiation 
of ART in Panel G
Criteria for the initiation of 
ART has been added for Panel 
G, based on a subject’s VL 
starting at 10 days post-dose.
For HIV-1 RNA blood samples 
taken at 336, 408, 456, and 504 
(post-trial visit) hours post 
dose, two samples will be taken 
per timepoint.
To reduce the likelihood that 
ART initiation would occur 
because of random fluctuations 
in VL, two samples will be 
obtained at every timepoint 
starting after 10 days post-dose.
For subjects that have VL 
below the LLOD at 21 days, 
semiweekly assessment of VL 
will occur after the post-trial 
visit. 
Subjects that have not initiated 
ART at the post-trial visit will 
need to be closely monitored.
5.1.2
Subject Inclusion Criteria
Criteria added for screening 
plasma HIV-1 RNA for 
inclusion in Panel G, 30mg
For inclusion in Panel G, 
subjects must also have a 
screening plasma HIV-1 RNA 
≤ 25,000 copies/mL within 30 
days prior to the treatment 
phase.  Additional rationale for 
this inclusion criteria is 
provided in 4.2.1.
6.0
Trial Flow Chart
Panels E and F added to trial 
flow chart and a second flow 
chart added for Panel G only
Additional panels included in 
trial flow chart and a separate 
flow chart added for Panel G 
since additional sampling for 
viral load and PBMCs will be 
collected


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9.1
Investigational Product
Addition of MK-8591 0.25 mg, 
Capsule
Clarification added for the 
sourcing of ART
Addition of MK-8591 0.25 mg 
for Panels E and F
Following statement inserted: 
“Additionally, ART that is 
initiated during the study will 
be sourced locally by the 
clinical site.”
Appendix 12.4
Approximate Blood Volumes 
Collected by Trial Visit and by 
Sample Types
Addition of Panels E and F to 
existing blood volume chart 
and a separate blood volume 
chart added for Panel G
Additional samples will be 
taken in Panel G for PBMC and 
HIV-1 viral RNA and viral 
resistance during the treatment 
period 


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1.0 TRIAL SUMMARY
Abbreviated Title
MK-8591 Phase IB Study
Sponsor Product Identifiers
Trial Phase
Phase IB
Clinical Indication
Treatment of HIV-1 Infection
Trial Type
Interventional
Type of control
No treatment control
Route of administration
Oral
Trial Blinding
Unblinded Open-label
Treatment Groups
Seven panels (Panel A, B, C, D, E, F and G) of 6 subjects each will 
receive a single dose of MK-8591. 
Number of trial subjects
Approximately up to 42 subjects will be enrolled.
Estimated duration of trial
The sponsor estimates that the trial will require approximately 24 months
from the time the first subject signs the informed consent until the last 
subject’s last visit.
Duration of Participation
Each subject will participate in the trial for approximately 7 weeks from 
the time the subject signs the Informed Consent Form (ICF) through the 
final contact.  After a screening phase of ~4 weeks, each subject will be 
receiving assigned treatment for 1 day.  After the end of treatment each 
subject will be followed for 21 days, or longer, if ART is not initiated.
2.0 TRIAL DESIGN
Trial Design
2.1
This is an open-label, single dose, multiple panel trial to evaluate the safety, tolerability, 
pharmacokinetics, and anti-retroviral therapy (ART) activity of MK-8591 monotherapy in 
ART-naïve, HIV-1 infected subjects. The primary study endpoints are the safety and 
tolerability of MK-8591 and the change in plasma HIV-1 RNA (log10 copies/mL) compared 
with historical placebo data.  This study will be conducted in conformance with Good 
Clinical Practices.
Seven panels of 6 subjects each will be enrolled in a sequential manner. In each panel, 
subjects will receive a single dose of MK-8591 between 0.25 mg and 30 mg. The exact dose 
administered will be selected following review of the safety, pharmacokinetic, and viral 
dynamic data from prior panels.  All doses of study drug will be administered following at 
least an 8-hour fast.
Subjects will be encouraged to initiate a tenofovir containing ART regimen at a prespecified 
time following administration of study drug. Follow-on ART should be administered for ~30 
days to account for the long half-life of MK-8591 triphosphate. The initiation of follow-on 
ART is not a requirement for participation in the study and is ultimately a decision of the 
patient in consultation with the PI/physician.


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Specific procedures to be performed during the trial, as well as their prescribed times and 
associated visit windows, are outlined in the Trial Flow Chart - Section 6.0. Details of each 
procedure are provided in Section 7.0 – Trial Procedures.
Because this is a Phase I assessment of MK-8591 in humans, the pharmacokinetic, 
pharmacodynamic and safety profiles of the compound are still being elucidated. This 
protocol is therefore written with some flexibility to accommodate the inherent dynamic 
nature of Phase I clinical trials. Please refer to Section 7.1.5 – Visit Requirements for 
examples of modifications permitted within the protocol parameters.
Trial Diagram
2.2
The trial design is depicted in Table 1.
Table 1 MK-8591 Dosing Scheme
Panel
Dose 
A
10 mg MK-8591
B
2 mg MK-8591
C
30 mg MK-8591
D
1 mg MK-8591
E
0.5 mg MK-8591
F
0.25 mg MK-8591
G
30 mg MK-8591
3.0 OBJECTIVE(S) & HYPOTHESIS(ES)
Primary Objective(s) & Hypothesis(es)
3.1
1) Objective (Panels A, B, C, D, E, F, and G):  To evaluate the antiretroviral activity 
of MK-8591 in HIV-1 infected subjects relative to historical subjects receiving 
placebo.
Hypothesis (Panels A, B, C, D, E, F, and G):  At a dose that is sufficiently safe and 
generally well tolerated, MK-8591 has superior antiretroviral activity compared to 
placebo, as measured by change from baseline in plasma HIV-1 RNA (log10 copies/mL) 
at 168 hours postdose. That is, the true mean difference in the plasma HIV-1 RNA 
reduction from baseline between MK-8591 and placebo is at least 0.5 log10 copies/mL.
2) Objective:  To evaluate the safety and tolerability of MK-8591 in HIV-1 infected 
subjects.


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Secondary Objective(s) & Hypothesis(es)
3.2
1) Objective:  To evaluate the intracellular PK profile of MK-8591 triphosphate and to 
determine PK parameter values (including AUC0-168, Tmax, Cmax, C168hr, and 
apparent terminal t1/2) in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) after 
administration of single oral doses to HIV-1 infected subjects.
2) Objective:  To evaluate plasma PK profile of MK-8591 and to determine PK 
parameter values (including AUC0-168, Tmax, Cmax, C168hr, and apparent terminal 
t1/2) after administration of single oral doses to HIV-1 infected subjects.
3) Objective:  To evaluate the pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic association of 
MK-8591 and MK-8591 triphosphate with viral load reduction to refine the clinical 
dose range.
Exploratory Objectives
3.3
1) To evaluate the relationship between dose and antiretroviral activity of MK-8591
2) To determine whether the duration of antiretroviral suppression after a single dose of 
30 mg MK-8591 can extend to at least three weeks postdose.
4.0 BACKGROUND & RATIONALE
Background
4.1
Refer to the Investigator’s Brochure (IB) for detailed background information on MK-8591.

Physical, Chemical, and Pharmaceutical Properties and Formulation

Nonclinical Pharmacology

Safety Pharmacology and Supplemental Safety Pharmacology Studies

Pharmacokinetics and Product Metabolism in Animals

Toxicology (Preclinical Safety Assessment)

Effects in Humans
Pharmaceutical and Therapeutic Background
4.1.1
MK-8591 is a novel, potent human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) nucleoside 
reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI). MK-8591 is an inactive nucleoside prodrug that is 
converted to the pharmacologically active triphosphate form via endogenous intracellular 
kinases. MK-8591-triphosphate is a potent and specific inhibitor of HIV-1 reverse 
transcriptase activity in vitro. Currently marketed NRTIs include tenofovir disproxil 
fumarate, lamivudine, emtricitabine, abacavir, didanosine, stavudine, and zidovudine. The 
currently preferred recommendation for first-line treatment of HIV infection in naïve subjects
calls for 3 agents and always includes 2 NRTIs in combination with either an integrase strand 


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transfer inhibitor, a protease inhibitor, or a non -nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor. 
While the currently approved NRTIs represent a cornerstone of modern anti–retroviral 
therapy there are significant class associated toxicities including loss of bone mineral density, 
new or worsening renal impairment, severe lactic acidosis, and serious hypersensitivity 
reactions. Because tolerability issues are one of the most common reasons for lack of 
adherence and subsequent viral failure, a need exists for new NRTIs like MK-8591 that 
possess a high barrier to resistance with an improved safety and tolerability profile.
Completed Clinical Trials
4.1.2
Protocol 001
MK-8591 Protocol 001 was a randomized, placebo-controlled, single-site, double-blind trial 
evaluating the safety and pharmacokinetics of single doses of MK-8591 in healthy adult 
subjects. Overall, single doses of MK-8591 up to 400 mg were generally safe and well-
tolerated by the subjects. No serious adverse experiences were reported and no subject was 
discontinued. The most common adverse experiences reported (seen in ≥ 2 subjects) were 
headache, nasopharyngitis, and oral herpes. Adverse experiences were mild to moderate in 
intensity and transient in duration.
Protocol 002
MK-8591 Protocol 002 was a randomized, placebo-controlled, single-site, double-blind trial 
evaluating the safety and pharmacokinetics of multiple doses of MK-8591 in healthy adult 
subjects. Three serial panels consisting of 8 subjects each were administered three once 
weekly doses of MK-8591 (n=6) or placebo (n=2). Overall, multiple doses of MK-8591 up 
to 100 mg were generally well tolerated by the subjects. No serious adverse experiences were 
reported and no subject was discontinued. The most common adverse experiences reported 
(seen in ≥ 2 subjects) were headache and nasopharyngitis. Adverse experiences were mild to
moderate in intensity and transient in duration.
Detailed safety and pharmacokinetic data on Protocol 001 and 002 can be found in the 
Investigator Brochure.
Rationale
4.2
Rationale for the Trial and Selected Subject Population
4.2.1
The primary objective of this study is to assess the single dose activity of MK-8591 in 
ART-naïve HIV-1 infected subjects.  This study will assess the short-term antiretroviral 
activity of MK-8591 monotherapy, and data from this study will aid dose selection in future 
HIV-1 patient studies. The goals of this study will be achieved by enrolling a minimum 
number of subjects using the shortest treatment duration possible.  The study objectives 
conform to the EMA guideline describing appropriate clinical development for antitretroviral 
agents as monotherapy and in combination with established therapy (Guideline on the 
Clinical Development of Medicinal Products for the Treatment of HIV Infection). In Panels 
A through G, the single dose safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics, and antiretroviral 


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pharmacodynamics of MK-8591 will be explored at doses projected to be within, below and  
on the plateau of the efficacious range.  
The reduction in viral load for each dose level will be compared to historical placebo data 
from clinical trials previously conducted by the Sponsor. Given the overall clean safety 
profile of MK-8591 in preclinical and clinical testing to date the need for a placebo control to 
minimize investigator and patient bias with respect to adverse experiences was deemed not 
necessary. Additionally, the doses to be tested in this study are below the maximum dose 
assessed in Protocol 001 and the plasma MK-8591 AUC0-168 is anticipated to be below those
established from preclinical toxicity studies. 
This study will evaluate the efficacy and kinetics by which MK-8591 reduces HIV-1 RNA 
viral load over time. The doses tested in this study will evaluate the effectiveness of MK-
8591 in suppressing viral replication and to assess any potential for differentiation with 
respect to safety, tolerability, and efficacy. The study is specifically designed with an 
emphasis on collecting single dose viral dynamic data. Because MK-8591 is intended for the 
treatment of subjects with wild-type strains of HIV-1, infected subjects who are therapy-
naïve will be enrolled in this study. Although antiretroviral agents are usually administered in 
combination to minimize the risk for resistance, MK-8591 will be given as monotherapy in 
order to evaluate the effect of this agent alone on HIV-1 viral load. Since only a single dose 
will be administered, risk of resistant strain emergence is minimal. Prior to enrollment 
subjects will be screened for the presence of common NRTI resistance mutations 
(International AIDS Society - USA (IASUSA) [1]) to set a baseline standard for MK-8591-
sensitivity to the viral variants present in each patient. Subjects identified with a common 
NRTI mutation (e.g., M184V or M184I) will be excluded from the study.  Blood samples 
will be collected on Day 1 and potentially up to Day 21 or longer for HIV viral RNA 
quantitation and to assess the potential for resistant variants in those samples showing 
significant treatment-related reductions in HIV-1 viral RNA. Should unanticipated non-
responders or viral breakthrough be observed despite this pre-screening process a portion of 
the screening blood sample will be archived for phenotyping and/or genotyping of an y 
previously unidentified clinically meaningful resistance variants.  
Subjects enrolling in Panel G will be limited to VL of <25,000 copies/mL.  Starting at a 
relatively lower level will increase the likelihood that treatment will reduce the VL to a low 
enough level such that ongoing replication of HIV is minimal.  This will in turn reduce the 
likelihood of selection for mutant strains such as M184V.
Rationale for Dose Selection/Regimen
4.2.2
A single dose of MK-8591 is thought to be sufficient to provide antiviral assessment while at 
the same time minimizing the development of resistance mutations. A design that includes a 
single dose of MK-8591, equivalent to 7 days of exposure, is based on previous clinical short 
term studies with other HIV antiretrovirals including NRTIs (BMS-986001, emtracitabine,
lamivudine and emtracitabine, tenofovir alafenamide (TAF) and tenofovir disoproxil 
fumarate (TDF), and abacavir). Each of these studies employed a monotherapy arm that 
included 7 to 10 days of dosing for the respective investigative agent.


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In preclinical monkey efficacy studies with MK-8591, M184V viral breakthrough occurred.  
Based on these data combined with the observation of viral resistance from the emtricitabine 
clinical study and that the M184V mutation has high level of resistance to lamivudine, 
subjects enrolled in Protocol 003 are recommended to begin treatment with a tenofovir based 
ART when MK-8591 triphosphate levels fall below the predicted efficacy target. Tenofovir 
has favorable efficacy on this particular variant. ART began 10 days after dosing in Panel A 
(10 mg dose), 7 days after dosing in Panel B (2 mg dose), 10 days after dosing in Panel C (30 
mg), and 7 days after dosing in Panel D (1 mg dose) when intracellular levels of MK-8591 
triphosphate may fall below target efficacious concentrations.   The timing of ART initiation 
for Panels E and F will be 7 days after dosing.  
Subjects recruited for Panel G would be closely monitored with semiweekly assessment 
started after the 10 day timepoint, consisting of two separate samples (hours 336, 408, 456, 
and post-trial visit).  In Panel G, ART will be initiated based on the following: 
1.  ART will be initiated at the “end of monotherapy” timepoint (VL as determined at 456 
hours postdose) for those subjects with detectable VL (i.e., >20 copies/mL).  This timepoint 
is derived based on available data.  MK-8591 concentrations following the 30 mg dose are 
expected to be efficacious through 21 days post dose, based on PK data from the 1 mg dose.  
Thus, subjects with detectable VL at 21 days will be offered ART at that time.  
2. If VL is below the lower limit of detection (LLOD; see 4.2.3.1) at the end of monotherapy 
timepoint (VL as determined at 456 hours postdose), subjects will not immediately initiate 
ART.  Subjects will be followed closely after the post-trial visit, with semiweekly assessment 
of two measurements of VL/timepoint.  ART will be initiated when VL increases above 
LLOD in both samples.  However, subjects may request ART at any time during the study.
3.  Subjects will initiate ART no earlier than 10 days post-dose.  For those subjects who 
achieve a VL nadir prior to the end of monotherapy timepoint (Day 21), an increase in VL in 
both samples will result in initiation of ART, even if occurring prior to the end of 
monotherapy timepoint defined in (1) above, at the discretion of the investigator and in 
consultation with the sponsor.      
As detailed below, final VL samples prior to initiation of ART will be submitted for Sanger 
mutation analysis.
The duration of suppressive ART should be ~30 days, or 5 half-lives. The Sponsor will 
provide this therapy, but it will not be mandated for participation in the study. After 
completion of the treatment phase of this study, subjects will be encouraged to initiate a non-
NRTI containing ART regimen according to local guidelines.
The effect of food on MK-8591 PK has been studied at 30 mg.  Plasma PK had a reduction in 
Cmax of 49% and a 10% increase in AUC0-inf.  Intracellular MK-8591 PK was largely 
unaffected.  All doses will be administered following an overnight fast to reduce potential 
pharmacokinetic variability that could occur with food.  


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This study will assess a solid capsule formulation of MK-8591.  Dose potencies of 0.25, 1, 10 
and 100 mg are currently available. Please refer to Section 9.0 for more details.
Panel A and Panel B Dose Selection
The originally proposed doses for Panels A and B were 10 mg and 100 mg, respectively, and 
were selected for pharmacokinetic, safety, and expected viral pharmacodynamic 
considerations.  Furthermore, these doses are anticipated to bracket the projected doses used 
in future clinical studies.  Because MK-8591 plasma and intracellular triphosphate 
pharmacokinetic data from healthy volunteers are expected to be similar to that of HIV-1 
infected subjects, data from Protocol 001 were used to aid in the selection of doses for the 
present study.  
Available pharmacokinetic data from Protocol 001 indicate that MK-8591 plasma and 
intracellular triphosphate pharmacokinetics are approximately and slightly less than dose 
proportional across the explored range of 2-400 mg, respectively. However, the nonlinearity 
observed with the triphosphate is somewhat confounded by issues with the sample 
preparation at the 15, 30, and 100 mg doses. Corrective action was employed for all
subsequent doses in Protocol 001. The C168hr intracellular triphosphate target of 0.53 
pmol/10^6 cells was achieved in all subjects at the 15 mg dose. This intracellular trough 
concentration is predicted to correspond to clinical efficacy. The geometric mean C168hr 
following a 15 mg dose was 1.24 pmol/10^6 cells, which is ~2.3-fold higher than the current 
0.53 pmol/10^6 cells target (see Section 4.2.3.3.).  Using the data from Protocol 001, a 10-
mg dose is predicted to result in a mean intracellular triphosphate C168hr of ~1.1 pmol/10^6 
cells. This value is ~2.0-fold higher than the PK target. While 10 mg is considered to be on 
the lower end of the efficacious range, all subjects are expected to exceed the target 0.53 
pmol/10^6 cells target.
A 100 mg dose will explore the safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics, and the potential for 
viral pharmacodynamic differentiation at higher exposures. Inclusion of this dose will also 
help to assess MK-8591’s viral reduction durability along with its ability to remain above the 
0.53 pmol/10^6 cells target for an extended period of time (e.g., 14 days). If the MK-8591
plasma and triphosphate pharmacokinetics remain proportional across formulations, a 100-
mg dose is projected to result in a mean MK-8591 triphosphate C168hr of 4.80 pmol/10^6 
cells which is ~9-fold higher than the target concentration and is intended to cover the shift in 
MK-8591 potency due to the M184V variant. The predicted mean MK-8591 triphosphate 
C336 hr concentration will be ~2.1 pmol/10^6 cells, and is ~4-fold above the PK target. 
Collection of viral load data through 21 days in Panel B is supported by the prediction that 
MK-8591 triphosphate levels will remain above the 0.53 pmol/10^6 cells target for ~25 days 
postdose.  Administration of a 100 mg dose is supported by preclinical safety studies and 
available clinical safety data from Protocol 001 where single doses up to 400 mg were tested 
and well tolerated.  The projected MK-8591 plasma AUC0-168 hr following a 100 mg dose 
is 11.0 uM*hr and is ~2-2.3 fold below the NOEL observed in preclinical safety studies. The 
projected Cmax of a single 100 mg dose is 3.23 uM and is expected to exceed that of the 
preclinical NOEL by ~2-2.2-fold.  While the Cmax is higher than what was observed at the 








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Table 3:  Summary Pharmacokinetic Parameter Values of MK-8591 triphosphate (TP) in 
PBMC Following Administration of Single Oral Doses of 1mg, 2mg,10mg and 30mg to 
Anti-Retroviral Therapy (ART)-Naive, HIV-1 Infected Patients in Fasted State
Dose 
(mg)
N
Geometric Mean (%GCV)
AUC0-
(hr*pmol/106 
cells)
AUC0-last 
(hr*pmol/10
6 cells)
AUC0-168hr 
(hr*pmol/106 
cells)
Cmax
(pmol/106 
cells)
C168hr
(pmol/106 
cells)
Apparent 
Terminal t1/2
(hr)
1
6
60 (33.9)
56.5 (32.4)
35.9 (27.6)
0.408 (49.3)
0.164 (31.4)
118 (16.1)
2
6
76.2 (33)
71.9 (34.7)
46.9 (38.1)
0.495 (62.9)
0.188 (39.2)
120 (14.7)
10
6
445a (31.9)
398 (25.3)
227 (33.3)
2.81 (49.9)
0.983 (26)
128a (42.2)
30
6
1380 (40.3)
1360 (41.4)
926 (47.7)
8.9 (60.3)
4.83 (85.9)
78.5 (31.4)
a not calculated for one patient due to insufficient terminal phase data
Panels E and F
Following single doses of 1 mg (Panel D), 2 mg (Panel B), 10 mg (Panel A), and 30 mg  
(Panel C) the respective baseline corrected HIV viral load reductions at Day 7 were 1.30 
log10, 1.35 log10, 1.67 log10, and 1.60 log10.  As noted for Panel D, in order to best 
characterize the dose response curve for MK-8591, assessing a dose that falls on the linear 
region of the efficacy-response curve relative to those already tested is critical to establish a 
clear understanding of MK-8591’s dose response.  In order to do this, a dose of 0.5 mg will 
be given in Panel E and a dose of 0.25 mg will be given in Panel F upon review of available 
safety, PK, and PD data in Panel E.  Modeling & simulation experiments with available viral 
load and pharmacokinetic data predict that a 0.5 mg dose of MK-8591 will result in a Day 7 
mean change from baseline reduction in viral load between 0.7-1.1log10 (see Figure 2).  
Figure 2:  Simulated Viral Load Change from Baseline (log10 copies/mL) versus MK-8591 
Dose predicts that a dose of 0.5 mg MK-8591 will result in a baseline reduction in viral load 
between 0.7-1.1log10




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For all Panels: As this is a Phase I assessment of MK-8591 in humans, and the 
pharmacokinetic, pharmacodynamic and safety profiles of the compound are still being 
evaluated,  modifications to the dose or dosing regimen may be required to achieve the 
scientific goals of the trial objectives and/or to ensure appropriate safety monitoring of the 
trial subjects.  Details of allowed modifications are provided in Section 7.1.5.5 - Trial 
Design/Dosing/Procedures Modifications Permitted within Protocol Parameters.
4.2.2.1
Rationale for Dose Interval and Trial Design
MK-8591, a highly potent NRTI, is not considered a compound with higher potential for risk 
of harm to volunteers according to the publication "Guideline on Strategies to Identify and 
Mitigate Risks for First-in-Human Clinical Trials with Investigational Medicinal Products" 
(European Medicine Agency guidance released July 2007). It is not a biological molecule, 
does not exhibit highly species-specific action, nor is it directed towards immune system 
targets. Furthermore, it acts via a well-established mechanism, allosteric inhibition of HIV-1 
reverse transcriptase, for which multiple marketed agents act similarly. Safety assessment 
toxicity trials and ancillary pharmacology trials with MK-8591 provide no contraindications 
to the initiation of clinical trials in people with this compound via the oral route. Although 
dose-limiting toxicities were observed in preclinical rat and dog toxicity trials (described 
above) preclinical safety margins were obtained to allow for assessment of the doses outlined
in this trial. 
Rationale for Endpoints
4.2.3
4.2.3.1
Viral Pharmacodynamic Endpoints
A pharmacodynamic endpoint of a ≥0.5 log10 suppression of HIV-1 RNA from baseline on 
Day 7, relative to historical placebo data, will be used.  This target is consistent with prior 
NRTI monotherapy studies and with past feedback from regulatory agencies that limit NRTI 
monotherapy studies to 7-10 days in duration.  
Assays of HIV-1 viral RNA are well established. This study will utilize the Roche COBAS 
Ampliprep/COBAS TaqMan HIV-1 test v.2.0 which has a linear range from 20 to 
10,000,000 copies/mL. The lower limit of detection has 100% specificity at 20 copies/mL. 
Additionally, the test increases the probability of detection and expands coverage by 
targeting two highly conserved regions of the HIV-1 genome to compensate for the 
possibility of mutations or mismatches.   Subjects with a baseline HIV RNA load of ≥10,000 
copies/mL will be enrolled to ensure an adequate dynamic range by which changes in HIV 
RNA can be quantified.  Periodic blood samples will be collected to assess MK-8591 
associated changes in absolute viral load over time and will be compared relative to historical 
placebo data. Based on the long half-life of MK-8591 triphosphate changes in viral load may 
be assessed through 21 days for subjects who do not initiate follow-on ART. For these 
patients, any viral load data that are further collected as part of patient routine follow-up may 
be transmitted to the sponsor, provided the subject gave appropriate consent. This extra data 
would only be reviewed to determine when the patient’s viral load returned to baseline to 
provide an exploratory and preliminary understanding of MK-8591’s long term effect. 


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Additionally, the kinetics of viral load reduction vs. dose and exposure will also be 
determined.
4.2.3.2
Safety Endpoints
This will be the first introduction of MK-8591 to HIV-1 infected subjects. Based on the clean 
preclinical toxicity profile (refer to IB) along with the preliminary safety data from Protocol 
001, single doses of MK-8591 are expected to be well tolerated by subjects. To date, 
preclinical and clinical testing have demonstrated that MK-8591 has had no significant 
effects on vital sign measurements, laboratory safety studies and on measures of cardiac 
conduction or ventricular repolarization (including QTc).  Therefore, standard safety 
assessment measurements will be utilized in this study.   
4.2.3.3
Pharmacokinetic Endpoints
While the pharmacokinetic parameter most closely linked to NRTI efficacy has not been 
rigorously determined, there is a reasonable association between antiviral activities with 
doses that achieve a Ctrough value above the IC95 determined in the HIV spread assay 
(performed in 100% human serum). These PK/PD relationships have been most critically 
developed using an in vitro hollow-fiber assay where exposure to HIV-infected cells to an 
inhibitor can be carefully controlled.  
One objective of this study is to evaluate the initial plasma and intracellular triphosphate PK 
profile of MK-8591 in HIV-1 infected males and females. This study will establish if the 
anticipated target concentration can be achieved safely following single doses of MK-8591 to 
HIV-1 infected subjects. Preclinical studies in rhesus monkeys showed that antiviral efficacy 
of MK-8591 is related to the trough concentration (Ctrough) of the active triphosphate moiety 
in PBMCs, rather than in plasma. PK/PD modeling was performed and predicted a target a 
geometric mean intracellular C168hr (i.e., Ctrough for weekly dosing) of 1.1 pmol/106 cells (90% 
CI: 0.53 - 2.5).
To account for the overall uncertainty in the translation of the PK/PD relationship from 
monkeys to humans the lower bound of the 90% CI (0.53 pmol/106 cells) is the MK-8591 PK 
target. For the PK assessment, active triphosphate in PBMCs may be determined for up to 21
days following single dose administration. Plasma concentrations of unchanged MK-8591 
will be determined for up to 7 days. To evaluate the excretion of MK- 8591 by the kidneys, 
urine will also be collected for potential determination of MK-8591 concentrations.
This study will establish whether achieving the efficacy target is associated with a 
commensurate viral load reduction worthy of continued clinical development.  Hence, 
assessment of this primary pharmacokinetic parameter will be conducted 7 days after 
administration of the MK-8591 dose. Additional assessments beyond 7 days (e.g., 14 or 21 
days) may be also be performed. 


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4.2.3.4
Future Biomedical Research
The Sponsor will conduct Future Biomedical Research on specimens routinely and 
specifically collected during this clinical trial. This research may include genetic analyses 
(DNA), gene expression profiling (RNA), proteomics, metabolomics (serum, plasma) and/or 
the measurement of other analytes.
Such research is for biomarker testing to address emergent questions not described elsewhere 
in the protocol (as part of the main trial) and will only be conducted on specimens from 
appropriately consented subjects. The objective of collecting specimens for Future 
Biomedical Research is to explore and identify biomarkers that inform the scientific 
understanding of diseases and/or their therapeutic treatments. For instance, exploratory 
pharmacogenetic 
(PGt) 
studies 
may 
be 
performed 
if 
significant 
Pharmacokinetic/Pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) relationships are observed or adverse events 
are identified.  Genomic markers of disease may also be investigated.  Such retrospective 
pharmacogenetic studies will be conducted with appropriate biostatistical design and analysis 
and compared to PK/PD results or clinical outcomes. Any significant PGt relationships to 
outcome would require validation in future clinical trials. The overarching goal is to use such 
information to develop safer, more effective drugs/vaccines, and/or to ensure that subjects 
receive the correct dose of the correct drug/vaccine at the correct time.  The details of this 
Future Biomedical Research sub-trial are presented in Section 12.2 - Collection and 
Management of Specimens for Future Biomedical Research.  Additional informational 
material for institutional review boards/ethics committees (IRBs/ERCs) and investigational 
site staff is provided in Section 12.3.
Benefit/Risk
4.3
Subjects in clinical trials generally cannot expect to receive direct
benefit from 
treatment/vaccination during participation, as clinical trials are designed to provide 
information about the safety and effectiveness of an investigational medicine.
Additional details regarding specific benefits and risks for subjects participating in this 
clinical trial may be found in the accompanying Investigators Brochure (IB) and Informed 
Consent documents.
5.0 METHODOLOGY
Entry Criteria
5.1
Diagnosis/Condition for Entry into the Trial
5.1.1
Male/Female subjects with HIV-1 infection who are naïve to ART between the ages of 18
and 60 years (inclusive) will be enrolled in this trial.


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Subject Inclusion Criteria
5.1.2
In order to be eligible for participation in this trial, the subject must:
1. Provide written informed consent. The subject may also provide consent/assent for 
Future Biomedical Research.  However, the subject may participate in the main trial 
without participating in Future Biomedical Research. 
2. Be a male or non-pregnant and non-breast feeding female, 18 to 60 years of age at the 
pretrial (screening) visit; further:
a.
if female with reproductive potential: subject must demonstrate a serum β-human 
chorionic gonadotropin (β –hCG) level consistent with the nongravid state at the 
pretrial (screening) visit and agree to use (and/or have their partner use) two (2) 
acceptable methods of birth control beginning at the pretrial (screening) visit, 
throughout the trial  and until the post-trial visit.  Acceptable methods of birth 
control are defined in Section 5.7.2.5.1
b. if postmenopausal female:  subject is without menses for at least 1 year and have 
a documented follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) level in the postmenopausal 
range at pretrial (screening),
AND/OR
c.
if surgically sterile female:  subject is status post hysterectomy, oophorectomy, or
tubal ligation. 
d. NOTE: These procedures must be confirmed with medical records. In the absence 
of documentation, hysterectomy may be confirmed by pelvic exam or if necessary 
by ultrasound; oophorectomy may be confirmed by hormone levels, particularly 
FSH in the post-menopausal range, but tubal ligation subjects without records 
should be excluded.  Information must be captured appropriately within the site's 
source documents
e.
Male subjects with female partner(s) of childbearing potential must agree to use a 
medically acceptable method of contraception (refer to Section 5.7.2.5.1) during 
the study and for 90 days after the last dose of trial drug. Males should use a 
condom and their partner, if of child-bearing potential, must additionally be 
using one of the following methods: hormonal contraception, intrauterine device, 
diaphragm, or cervical cap. Males should use a condom if their partner is 
pregnant.  
3. Have a Body Mass Index (BMI) ≤35 kg/m2. BMI = weight(kg)/height (m)2.


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4. Other than HIV infection, have baseline health judged to be stable based on medical 
history, physical examination, vital sign measurements, and laboratory safety test(see 
Section 7.1.3)
performed at the prestudy (screening) visit and/or prior to 
administration of the initial dose of study drug.
5. Have no clinically significant abnormality on the electrocardiogram (ECG) performed 
at the prestudy (screening) visit and/or prior to administration of the initial dose of 
study drug.
6. Be documented HIV-1 positive as determined by a positive ELISA or QT-PCR with 
confirmation (e.g., Western Blot).
7. Have a screening plasma CD4+ T-cell count of >200/mm3.
8. Have a screening plasma HIV-1 RNA ≥ 10,000 copies/mL within 30 days prior to the 
treatment phase of this study. For inclusion in Panel G, subjects must also have a 
screening plasma HIV-1 RNA ≤25,000 copies/mL within 30 days prior to the 
treatment phase.
9. Be ART-naïve which is defined as having never received any antiretroviral agent OR
the following:
≤30 consecutive days of an investigational antiretroviral agent, excluding an 
NRTI,
OR
≤60 consecutive days of combination ART not including an NRTI
10. Have not received an investigational agent or marketed ART within 30 days of study 
drug administration.  
11. Be diagnosed with HIV-1 infection ≥ 3 months prior to screening. 
12. Be willing to receive no other ART for the duration of the treatment phase of this 
study.  
13. Have no evidence at screening for mutations conferring resistance to NRTIs (e.g., 
M184V, M184I, etc.) as previously defined [1].
14. Have the following laboratory values at screening as defined by Division of AIDS 
Table for Grading the Severity of Adult and Pediatric Adverse Events (“DAIDS AE 
grading table” see attached document in Appendix 12.5) and in accordance with the 
normal ranges of the clinical laboratory:
a.
INR ≤ 1.6
b. Hemoglobin ≥ 10.0 g/dL


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c.
Absolute neutrophil count ≥ 1000/mm3
d. Platelet count ≥ 100,000/mm3
e.
Direct bilirubin ≤ 1.0 mg/dL
f.
Alkaline phosphatase ≤ 1.5 x upper limit of normal
g. AST (SGOT) and ALT (SGPT) ≤ 2 x upper limit of normal
15. Be willing to comply with the trial restrictions (see Section 5.7 for a complete 
summary of trial restrictions).
Subject Exclusion Criteria
5.1.3
The subject must be excluded from participating in the trial if the subject:
1. Is under the age of legal consent.
2. Is mentally or legally institutionalized / incapacitated, has significant emotional 
problems at the time of pretrial (screening) visit or expected during the conduct of the 
trial or has a history of clinically significant psychiatric disorder of the last 5 years. 
Subjects who have had situational depression may be enrolled in the trial at the 
discretion of the investigator.
3. Has a history of clinically significant endocrine, gastrointestinal, cardiovascular,
hematological, hepatic, immunological
(outside of HIV-1 infection), renal, 
respiratory, genitourinary or major neurological (including stroke and chronic 
seizures) abnormalities or diseases. Subjects with a history of uncomplicated kidney 
stones, as defined as spontaneous passage and no recurrence in the last 5 years, or 
childhood asthma may be enrolled in the trial at the discretion of the investigator.
4. Has a history of cancer (malignancy).
Exceptions: (1) Subjects with adequately treated non-melanomatous skin carcinoma 
or carcinoma in situ of the cervix may participate in the trial; (2) Subjects with other 
malignancies which have been successfully treated ≥10 years prior to the pretrial 
(screening) visit where, in the judgment of both the investigator and treating 
physician, appropriate follow-up has revealed no evidence of recurrence from the 
time of treatment through the time of the pretrial (screening) visit (except those 
cancers identified at the beginning of exclusion criterion 4); or, (3) Subjects, who, in 
the opinion of the trial investigator, are highly unlikely to sustain a recurrence for the 
duration of the trial.  
5. Has a history of significant multiple and/or severe allergies (e.g. food, drug, latex
allergy), or has had an anaphylactic reaction or significant intolerability to
prescription or non-prescription drugs or food.
6. Is positive for hepatitis B surface antigen 


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7. Patient has a history of chronic Hepatitis C unless there has been documented cure
and/or patient  with a positive serologic test for HCV has a negative HCV viral load
8. Had major surgery, donated or lost 1 unit of blood (approximately 500 mL) within 4
weeks prior to the pretrial (screening) visit.
9. Has participated in another investigational trial within 4 weeks or 5 half-lives
whichever is greater prior to the Day 1 Dosing visit. The 4 week window will be 
derived from the date of the last trial medication and / or blood collection in a 
previous trial and/or AE related to trial drug to the Day 1 Dosing visit of the current 
trial.
10. Is unable to refrain from or anticipates the use of any medication, including
prescription and non-prescription drugs or herbal remedies beginning approximately 
2 weeks (or 5 half-lives) prior to administration of the initial dose of trial drug, 
throughout the trial, until the post-trial visit. There may be certain medications that 
are permitted, see Section 5.5.
11. Consumes greater than 3 glasses of alcoholic beverages (1 glass is approximately
equivalent to: beer [354 mL/12 ounces], wine [118 mL/4 ounces], or distilled spirits
[29.5 mL/1 ounce]) per day. Subjects who consume 4 glasses of alcoholic beverages
per day may be enrolled at the discretion of the investigator.
12. Consumes excessive amounts, defined as greater than 6 servings (1 serving is
approximately equivalent to 120 mg of caffeine) of coffee, tea, cola, energy-drinks, or
other caffeinated beverages per day.
13. Is an excessive smoker (i.e., more than 10 cigarettes/day) and is unwilling to restrict 
smoking to ≤10 cigarettes per day.
14. Is currently a regular user of any illicit drugs (excluding cannabis) or has a history of 
drug (including alcohol) abuse within approximately 2 years.
15. Is any concern to the investigator regarding the safe participation of the subject in the 
trial or if, for any other reason; the investigator considers the subject inappropriate for 
participation in the trial (e.g. prior NRTI exposure).
16. is or has an immediate family member (e.g., spouse, parent, sibling or child) who is 
investigational site or sponsor staff directly involved with this trial.
Trial Treatment(s)
5.2
The treatment to be used in this trial is outlined below in Table 4.


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Table 4 Trial Treatment
Panel
Subjects
Dose/Potency
Dose Frequency
Route of 
Administration
A
N=6
10 mg
Single Dose
Oral
B
N=6
2 mg
Single Dose
Oral
C
N=6
30 mg
Single Dose
Oral
D
N=6
1 mg
Single Dose
Oral
E
N=6
0.5 mg
Single Dose
Oral
F
N=6
0.25 mg
Single Dose
Oral
G
N=6
30 mg
Single Dose
Oral
Trial treatment should begin on the day of randomization or as close as possible to the date 
on which the subject is allocated/assigned.
The investigator shall take responsibility for and shall take all steps to maintain appropriate 
records and ensure appropriate supply, storage, handling, distribution and usage of trial 
treatments in accordance with the protocol and any applicable laws and regulations.
Dose Selection/Modification
5.2.1
5.2.1.1
Dose Selection (Preparation)
The rationale for selection of doses to be used in this trial is provided in Section 4.0 –
Background & Rationale.  There are no specific calculations or evaluations required to be 
performed in order to administer the proper dose to each subject.
5.2.1.2
Dose Modification (Escalation/Titration/Other)
Dose selection will be based on key safety variables including, vital signs, 12-lead ECG, 
laboratory safety tests, adverse events from the previous dose levels up to at least 24 hours 
(or longer depending on the compound). Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic data may 
be included in the dose escalation decisions.  See Background & Rationale - Section 4.0.
If, as judged by the Sponsor and principal investigator, the safety and tolerability data do not 
justify dose escalation, the dose will not be increased as planned.  Instead, subjects may:
●
receive the same dose level to further explore safety and tolerability at that level;
●
receive a lower dose of the trial drug;
●
receive the same or lower dose as a divided dose; or
●
receive a lower dose with or without food.
Or, dosing may be stopped. Subject discontinuation criteria are outlined in Section 5.8.


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Prior to each treatment, the clinical and laboratory safety parameters from the previous dose 
level will be reviewed by the principal investigator and discussed with the Sponsor to permit 
a decision on whether to advance to the next higher dose level.  No dose escalation will occur 
without the joint agreement of the principal investigator and the Sponsor.
Trial Blinding/Masking
5.2.2
This is an open-label trial; therefore, the Sponsor, investigator and subject will know the 
treatment administered.
Randomization or Allocation
5.3
Subjects will be assigned randomly according to a computer-generated allocation schedule
(Table 5).
Table 5 Sample Allocation Schedule
Subjects
Panel A
Panel B
Panel C Panel D
Panel E
Panel F
Panel G
N=6
10 mg
2 mg
30 mg
1 mg
0.5 mg
0.25 mg
30 mg
Subjects will only participate in one Panel.
Stratification
5.4
No stratification based on age, sex or other characteristics will be used in this trial.
Concomitant Medications/Vaccinations (Allowed & Prohibited)
5.5
If a subject does not discontinue all prior medications within 14 days or 5 half-lives of 
starting the trial, he/she may be included in the study if the investigator can rationalize that 
the specific use of a prior medication is not clinically relevant within the context of the trial.
Concurrent use of any prescription or non-prescription medication, or concurrent vaccination, 
during the course of the trial (i.e., after randomization or treatment allocation) must first be 
discussed between the investigator and Sponsor prior to administration, unless appropriate 
medical care necessitates that therapy or vaccination should begin before the investigator and 
Sponsor can consult. The subject will be allowed to continue in the trial if both the Sponsor 
and the investigator agree.
Paracetamol/acetaminophen may be used for minor ailments without prior consultation with 
the Sponsor Clinical Director.
Rescue Medications & Supportive Care
5.6
No rescue or supportive medications are specified to be used in this trial.


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Diet/Activity/Other Considerations
5.7
Diet 
5.7.1
Subjects will fast from all food and drinks, except water, for at least 8 hours prior to trial 
drug administration (and laboratory safety tests).  Subjects will fast from all food and drinks
except water between trial drug administration and the first scheduled meal.  Meals and 
snack(s) will be provided by the investigator at timepoints indicated in the trial flowchart.  
Subjects will fast from all food and drinks except water between meals and snacks.  The 
caloric content and composition of meals will be the same for all subjects. After the 24-hour 
postdose procedures have been completed, subsequent meals and snacks will be unrestricted 
in caloric content, composition and timing.
Water will be provided during trial drug administration.  Water will be restricted 1 hour prior 
to and 1 hour after trial drug administration. 
Instructions on whether to take MK-8591 with or without food and/or drink may be modified 
during the trial based on newly available data.
Alcohol, Caffeine, Tobacco, Activity
5.7.2
5.7.2.1
Alcohol Restrictions 
Subjects will refrain from consumption of alcohol 24 hours prior to the pre- and post-trial
visits and from 24 hours prior to and after trial drug administration. At all other times, 
alcohol consumption is limited to no more than approximately 3 alcoholic beverages or 
equivalent (1 glass is approximately equivalent to: beer [354 mL/12 ounces], wine [118 mL/4 
ounces], or distilled spirits [29.5 mL/1 ounce]) per day.
5.7.2.2
Caffeine Restrictions 
Subjects will refrain from consumption of caffeinated beverages from 12 hours prior to and 
after trial drug administration. At all other times, caffeinated beverages or xanthine-
containing products will be limited to no more than 6 units per day amounts (>6 units: 1 
unit=120 mg of caffeine).  
5.7.2.3
Smoking Restrictions 
Smoking should be limited to ≤10 cigarettes per day and follow the smoking restrictions 
defined by the CRU while on site.
5.7.2.4
Activity Restrictions
Subjects will avoid unaccustomed strenuous physical activity (i.e., weight lifting, running, 
bicycling, etc.) from the pre-trial (screening) visit until the post-trial visit.


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5.7.2.5
Contraception and Pregnancy Testing 
5.7.2.5.1 Contraception
Women of childbearing potential can be enrolled.  However, two (2) acceptable methods of 
barrier contraception must be used beginning at the pretrial visit, throughout the trial and 
until 4 weeks after the last dose of trial drug in the last treatment period.  Acceptable methods 
of birth control are two (2) of the following:  intrauterine device (IUD-with or without local 
hormone release), diaphragm, spermicides, cervical cap, contraceptive sponge, and/or 
condoms.  Abstinence is an alternative life style and subjects practicing abstinence may be 
included in the trial.
Oral contraceptives are not allowed as a method of birth control in this trial.
Subjects must be completely informed of the unknown risks of pregnancy and agree not to 
become pregnant during the time they are participating in this trial.  
If there is any question that a subject will not be reliable in the use of appropriate 
contraceptive methods, they should not be entered into the trial.
5.7.2.5.2 Pregnancy Testing 
Female subjects of childbearing potential will be tested for serum β-human chorionic 
gonadotropin (hCG) at pretrial, for urine and/or serum β-human chorionic gonadotropin 
(hCG) predose and at the last trial visit.  In the case of a positive or borderline serum β-hCG 
pregnancy test at the pretrial visit, the subject must not enter the trial; in the case of a positive 
or borderline serum β-hCG pregnancy test during the trial, the pregnancy test should be 
repeated and confirmed positive.  If the pregnancy has been confirmed the subject must be 
discontinued from the trial immediately and the pregnancy must be reported the Sponsor as 
outlined in Section 7.2.2.    
Subject Withdrawal/Discontinuation Criteria
5.8
Subjects may withdraw consent at any time for any reason or be dropped from the trial at the 
discretion of the investigator should any untoward effect occur.  In addition, a subject may be 
withdrawn by the investigator or the Sponsor if enrollment into the trial is inappropriate, the 
trial plan is violated, or for administrative and/or other safety reasons.  Specific details 
regarding discontinuation or withdrawal procedures; including specific details regarding 
withdrawal from Future Biomedical Research, are provided in Section 7.1.4 – Other 
Procedures.
A subject must be discontinued from the trial for any of the following reasons:
●
The subject withdraws consent.

The subject has a medical condition or personal circumstance which, in the opinion of 
the Investigator and/or Sponsor, places the subject at unnecessary risk through 
continued participation in the trial or does not allow the subject to adhere to the 
requirements of the protocol.


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Timing of Dose Administration
5.8.1
Subjects will receive a single dose of MK-8591. The dose will be given in the morning. The 
trial treatment will be administered in the fasted state with approximately 240mL water. 
Instructions on whether to take MK-8591 with or without food and/or drink may be modified 
during the study based on newly available data.
Subject Replacement Strategy
5.9
If a subject discontinues from the trial, a replacement subject may be enrolled if deemed 
appropriate by the investigator and Sponsor. The replacement subject will generally receive 
the same treatment or treatment sequence (as appropriate) as the subject being replaced. The 
replacement subject will be assigned a unique treatment/randomization number. The trial site 
should contact the Sponsor for the replacement subject’s treatment/randomization number.
Beginning and End of the Trial
5.10
The overall trial begins when the first subject signs the informed consent form.  The overall 
trial ends when the last subject completes the last trial visit, discontinues from the trial or is 
lost to follow-up (i.e. the subject is unable to be contacted by the investigator).
A trial may be paused during review of newly available preclinical/clinical safety, 
pharmacokinetic, pharmacodynamic, efficacy or biologic data or other items of interest, prior 
to a final decision on continuation or termination of the trial. It may be necessary to keep the 
trial open for gathering/reviewing of additional supportive data to optimally complete the 
objective(s) of the trial. If necessary, the appropriate amendment(s) to the protocol and/or 
appropriate communication(s) will be generated. The overall trial end will then not be 
identified until the Sponsor has made the decision to end the trial following this review 
period. The Competent Authority(ies) and Institutional Review Board(s)/Independent Ethics 
Committee(s) [IRB(s)/IEC(s)] will be appraised of the maximum duration of the trial beyond 
the last subject out and the justification for keeping the trial open.
Clinical Criteria for Early Trial Termination
5.11
There are no pre-specified criteria for terminating the trial early.
A primary objective of this early Phase I trial is to identify the maximum safe and well-
tolerated dose and/or dosing regimen that achieve pharmacokinetic, pharmacodynamic and/or 
biologic targets in humans based on preclinical or early clinical data. Therefore, it is possible 
that trial subjects may not receive all doses specified in the protocol if this objective is 
achieved at lesser dose levels in this trial. This would not be defined as early termination of 
the trial, but rather an earlier than anticipated achievement of the trial objective(s). If a 
finding (e.g., pharmacokinetic, pharmacodynamic, efficacy, biologic targets, etc.) from 
another preclinical or clinical trial using the trial treatment(s), comparator(s), drug(s) of the 
same class, or methodology(ies) used in this trial, results in the trial(s) or program being 
stopped for non-safety reasons, this also does not meet the definition of early trial 
termination. 


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Early trial termination is defined as a permanent discontinuation of the trial due to 
unanticipated concerns of safety to the trial subjects arising from clinical or preclinical trials 
with the trial treatment(s), comparator(s), drug(s) of the same class or methodology(ies) used 
in this trial. 
Enrollment of the trial will be halted in the following circumstances:
1. Two (2) subjects per panel report severe adverse events with a potential causal 
relationship to study drug.
2. Three (3) or more of the enrolled subjects experience the same adverse event 
requiring withdrawal from the study, or the same severe adverse event assessed as 
having a potential causal relationship to study drug.
3. Two (2) severe but not life threatening adverse experiences or severe clinically 
significant laboratory abnormalities that are similar in nature OR one (1) severe and 
life threatening adverse experience laboratory abnormality OR participant death 
thought to be potentially related to the investigational product.
4. Two (2) or more of the enrolled subjects experience confirmed QTcB > 500 ms or 
QTcB change from baseline >60ms in a given panel.
If one or more of the above conditions are met, enrollment will be halted and all available 
safety data will be reviewed prior to making a decision about terminating the study. The 
safety of subjects will be assessed on an ongoing basis, and while conditions that could 
warrant early trial termination are not limited to those noted above, these criteria are meant to 
pre-specify circumstances under which the trial may be terminated early.




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Panels A, B, C, D, E, and F a
Scheduled Time
Hours Postdose
Prestudy 
Pre-dose
0
0.25 0.5
1
2
4
6
8
12
24
48 96
120
144
168
240
336
Post-
trialm
Urine for MK-8591 Assayk
X
X-------------------------------------------X
Blood for HIV RNA, viral resistancel o
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
CD-4 cell count
X
a.
Panel C will occur after completion and review of safety, pharmacokinetic, and viral dynamic data from Panels A and B. Panel D will occur after completion and review of 
safety, pharmacokinetic, and viral dynamic data from Panel C.  Panels E and F will occur after completion and review of safety, pharmacokinetic and viral dynamic data from 
Panels D and E, respectively. 
b.
Informed consent for future biomedical research samples must be obtained before the FBR sample. FBR sample for analysis should be obtained on Day 1 (or with the next 
scheduled blood draw), as the last sample drawn, on randomized subjects only, if the subject agrees to participate in the FBR sub-study.
c.
The pre-dose PE may be performed within 24 hour prior to dosing.
d.
Pre-dose ECG will be performed within 2 hours prior to study drug administration and will consist of 3 repeat measurements with at least 1 minute intervals between ECG 
measurements. Recording may commence after the subject has remained in a semi-recumbent position for at least 10 minutes. (See Section 7.1.2 for additional details).
e.
Pre-dose semi-recumbent HR and BP will be duplicate measurements obtained at least 1-2 minutes apart. Subjects should be resting in the semi-recumbent position for 10 
minutes prior to obtaining HR and BP. Following duplicate measurements of the semi-recumbent HR and BP subjects assume a standing position for 2 minutes and then 
orthostatic HR and BP will be obtained. See Section 7.1.2 for additional details.
f.
Standardized meals will be provided at ~4 and ~10 hours post-dose. A snack will be offered at ~ 7 and 13 hours post-dose. After the 24 hour postdose procedures have been 
completed, subsequent meal and snacks will be unrestricted in terms of caloric content, composition and timing.
g.
Can be conducted on admission (within 24 hours of dosing).
h.
For female subjects of childbearing potential only. Urine pregnancy test can be performed at predose.
i.
For postmenopausal women only
j.
Leftover plasma samples will be stored for future biomedical research at the end of the study, if the subject signs the Future Biomedical Research consent.
k.
Urine samples for MK-8591 assay will be collected and archived. Urine will be collected pre-dose and during the 0-24 interval postdose.
l.
For all panels blood for HIV-1 viral RNA and viral resistance may be collected up to the post-trial visit if subjects do not start ART. 
m.
The post-trial visit will occur approximately 21 days following administration of the study drug. Follow up for any clinical or laboratory adverse experiences should occur by 
phone or in person if the post-trial visit occurs prior to 21 days following the last dose of study drug. For confirmation of viral load return to baseline, additional data from 
viral load samples collected during routine follow-up visits may be transmitted to the sponsor for those patients who do not begin ART and who provide appropriate informed 
consent.
n.
For all panels PBMC samples may be collected up to the post-trial visit regardless of initiation of ART.   
o.
For blood collection at 120, 144, 168, 240, and 336 hour timepoints, a window of +/- 4 hrs is acceptable. The 504 hour sample may be collected at the post-trial visit.




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Panel G a
Scheduled Time
Hours Postdose 
Prestudy 
Pre-dose
0
0.25 0.5 1
2
4
6
8
12 24 48 96 120 144
168
240
336
408
456
Post-
triall, 
n
Blood for MK-8591 PBMC Assaym
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
Urine for MK-8591 Assayk
X
X-----------------------------------X
Blood for HIV RNA, viral resistancem, o
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
Xo
Xo
Xo
Xo
CD-4 cell count
X
X
a.
Panel G will occur after completion and review of safety, pharmacokinetic, and viral dynamic data from Panels A-D.
b.
Informed consent for future biomedical research samples must be obtained before the FBR sample. FBR sample for analysis should be obtained on Day 1 (or with the next 
scheduled blood draw), as the last sample drawn, on randomized subjects only, if the subject agrees to participate in the FBR sub-study.
c.
The pre-dose PE may be performed within 24 hour prior to dosing.
d.
Pre-dose ECG will be performed within 2 hours prior to study drug administration and will consist of 3 repeat measurements with at least 1 minute intervals between ECG 
measurements. Recording may commence after the subject has remained in a semi-recumbent position for at least 10 minutes. (See Section 7.1.2 for additional details).
e.
Pre-dose semi-recumbent HR and BP will be duplicate measurements obtained at least 1-2 minutes apart. Subjects should be resting in the semi-recumbent position for 10 
minutes prior to obtaining HR and BP. Following duplicate measurements of the semi-recumbent HR and BP subjects assume a standing position for 2 minutes and then 
orthostatic HR and BP will be obtained. See Section 7.1.2 for additional details.
f.
Standardized meals will be provided at ~4 and ~10 hours post-dose. A snack will be offered at ~ 7 and 13 hours post-dose. After the 24 hour postdose procedures have been 
completed, subsequent meal and snacks will be unrestricted in terms of caloric content, composition and timing.
g.
Can be conducted on admission (within 24 hours of dosing).
h.
For female subjects of childbearing potential only. Urine pregnancy test can be performed at predose.
i.
For postmenopausal women only
j.
Leftover plasma samples will be stored for future biomedical research at the end of the study, if the subject signs the Future Biomedical Research consent.
k.
Urine samples for MK-8591 assay will be collected and archived. Urine will be collected pre-dose and during the 0-24 interval postdose.
l.
The post-trial visit will occur approximately 21 days following administration of the study drug. Follow up for any clinical or laboratory adverse experiences should occur by 
phone or in person if the post-trial visit occurs prior to 21 days following the last dose of study drug. For confirmation of viral load return to baseline, additional data from 
viral load samples collected during routine follow-up visits may be transmitted to the sponsor for those patients who do not wish to begin ART and who provide appropriate 
informed consent.
m.
For blood collection at 120, 144, 168, 240, 336 and 408, and 456 hour timepoints, a window of +/- 4 hrs is acceptable. The 504 hour sample may be collected at the post-trial 
visit.
n.
If HIV-1 RNA levels remain below the lower limit of detection (LLOD) at the post-trial visit (VL as determined at 456 hours postdose), subjects will withhold from ART 
initiation and followed closely, additional semiweekly assessment of two measurements of VL/timepoint beyond the post-trial visit until levels go above the LLOD, at which 
point ART will be initiated.
o.
For HIV-1 RNA blood samples taken at 336, 408, 456, and 504 (post-trial visit) hours post dose, two samples will be taken per timepoint.


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7.0 TRIAL PROCEDURES
Trial Procedures
7.1
The Trial Flow Chart - Section 6.0 summarizes the trial procedures to be performed at each 
visit.  Individual trial procedures are described in detail below.  It may be necessary to 
perform these procedures at unscheduled time points if deemed clinically necessary by the 
investigator.
Furthermore, additional evaluations/testing may be deemed necessary by the investigator and 
or the Sponsor for reasons related to subject safety. In some cases, such evaluation/testing 
may be potentially sensitive in nature (e.g., HIV, Hepatitis C, etc.), and thus local regulations 
may require that additional informed consent be obtained from the subject.  In these cases, 
such evaluations/testing will be performed in accordance with those regulations.
Administrative Procedures
7.1.1
7.1.1.1
Informed Consent
The investigator or qualified designee must obtain documented consent from each potential 
subject prior to participating in a clinical trial or Future Biomedical Research.
7.1.1.1.1 General Informed Consent
Consent must be documented by the subject’s dated signature on a consent form along with 
the dated signature of the person conducting the consent discussion. 
A copy of the signed and dated consent form should be given to the subject before 
participation in the trial.
The initial informed consent form, any subsequent revised written informed consent form 
and any written information provided to the subject must receive the IRB/ERC’s 
approval/favorable opinion in advance of use.  The subject should be informed in a timely 
manner if new information becomes available that may be relevant to the subject’s 
willingness to continue participation in the trial.  The communication of this information will 
be provided and documented via a revised consent form or addendum to the original consent 
form that captures the subject’s dated signature.
Specifics about a trial and the trial population will be added to the consent form template at 
the protocol level.  
The informed consent will adhere to IRB/ERC requirements, applicable laws and regulations 
and Sponsor requirements.


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7.1.1.1.2 Consent and Collection of Specimens for Future Biomedical Research
The investigator or qualified designee will explain the Future Biomedical Research consent 
to the subject, answer all of his/her questions, and obtain written informed consent before 
performing any procedure related to the Future Biomedical Research sub-trial.  A copy of the 
informed consent will be given to the subject.
7.1.1.2
Inclusion/Exclusion Criteria
All inclusion and exclusion criteria will be reviewed by the investigator or qualified designee 
to ensure that the subject qualifies for the trial.
7.1.1.3
Subject Identification Card
All subjects will be given a Subject Identification Card identifying them as participants in a 
research trial.  The card will contain trial site contact information (including direct telephone 
numbers) to be utilized in the event of an emergency.  The investigator or qualified designee 
will provide the subject with a Subject Identification Card immediately after the subject 
provides written informed consent.
7.1.1.4
Medical History
A medical history will be obtained by the investigator or qualified designee.
7.1.1.5
Prior and Concomitant Medications Review
7.1.1.5.1 Prior Medications
The investigator or qualified designee will review prior medication use, including any 
protocol-specified washout requirement, and record prior medication taken by the subject 
within 28 days before starting the trial.
7.1.1.5.2 Concomitant Medications
The investigator or qualified designee will record medication, if any, taken by the subject 
during the trial.
7.1.1.6
Assignment of Screening Number
All consented subjects will be given a unique screening number that will be used to identify 
the subject for all procedures that occur prior to randomization or allocation.  Each subject 
will be assigned only one screening number.  Screening numbers must not be re-used for 
different subjects.


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7.1.1.7
Assignment of Treatment/Randomization Number
All eligible subjects will be randomly allocated and will receive a randomization number.  
The randomization number identifies the subject for all procedures occurring after 
randomization.  Once a randomization number is assigned to a subject, it can never be re-
assigned to another subject.
A single subject cannot be assigned more than 1 randomization number.
7.1.1.8
Trial Compliance (Medication/Diet/Activity/Other)
Administration of trial medication will be witnessed by the investigator and/or trial staff.
Clinical Procedures/Assessments
7.1.2
Physical Exam:
The physical exam assessments will be defined and conducted per the site SOP.
Body Weight and Height
Body weight and height will be obtained with the patient’s shoes off, jacket or coat removed.
Body Mass Index (BMI)
BMI equals a person's weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared. 
(BMI=kg/m2).  
12-Lead ECG
Special care must be taken for proper lead placement by qualified personnel. Skin should be 
clean and dry prior to lead placement.  Subjects may need to be shaved to ensure proper lead 
placement.  Female subjects may need to remove interfering undergarments.  
Subjects should be resting in the semi-recumbent position for at least 10 minutes prior to 
each ECG measurement.  The position during ECG collection should be consistent 
throughout the study.  
The correction formula to be used for QTc is Bazett’s.
If repeat ECGs are required the clinical site will decide whether to leave the electrodes in 
place or mark the position of the electrodes for subsequent ECGs.  To mark the position of 
the electrodes, 12-lead electrode sites will be marked on the skin of each subject with an 
ECG skin marker pen to ensure reproducible electrode placement.


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Prior to dose, ECGs will be obtained in triplicate at least 1-2 minutes apart within 1-2 hours 
prior to dosing MK-8591.  The average of these measurements will be used as the baseline.  
Post-dose ECG measurements will be single measurements.  
If a patient demonstrates an increase in QTc interval ≥60 msec compared with mean predose 
baseline measurement, the ECG will be repeated twice within 5 minutes.  The average value 
of the QTc interval from the 3 ECGs will represent the value at that time point.  If the 
average QTc interval increase from baseline for any postdose time point is ≥60 msec, the 
patient will continue to be monitored by repeat 12-lead ECGs every 15 minutes for at least 1 
hour or until the QTc is within 60 msec of baseline.  If prolongation of the QTc interval ≥60 
msec persists, a consultation with a study cardiologist may be appropriate and the Sponsor 
should be notified.
If the QTc interval is ≥500 msec, the Sponsor should be notified and the ECGs should be 
reviewed by a cardiologist. The patient should be telemetry-monitored (until the QTc is <500 
msec) or should be considered for transfer to a location where closer monitoring and 
definitive care (e.g., a Cardiac or Intensive Care Unit) is available.
If the patient has unstable hemodynamics, or has any clinically significant dysrhythmias 
noted on telemetry, the subject should be immediately transferred to an acute care setting for 
definitive therapy.  
If prolongation of the QTc is noted, concomitant medications that prolong QTc should be 
held until the QTc is within 60 msec of baseline and the QTc is <500 msec.
A study cardiologist should be arranged by the Principal Investigator to be available as 
needed to review ECG tracings with abnormalities.
Body Temperature
Body temperature will be measured with an oral, temporal artery, or tympanic thermometer.  
The same method must be used for all measurements for each individual subject and should 
be the same for all subjects.
Vital Sign Measurements (Heart Rate and Blood Pressure)
Subjects should be resting in a semi-recumbent position for at least 10 minutes prior to 
having vital sign measurements obtained.  Semi-recumbent signs will include heart rate (HR) 
and blood pressure (BP).  The correct size of the blood pressure cuff and the correct 
positioning on the pateints' arm is essential to increase the accuracy of blood pressure 
measurements.  The same method (e.g., manual or automated) must be used for all 
measurements for each individual subject and should be same for all subjects.
Prior to dosing, HR and BP will be duplicate measurements obtained at least 1-2 minutes 
apart within 2 hrs of dosing MK-8591.  The average of these measurements will be used as 
the baseline.  Post-dose vital sign measurements will be single measurements.


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Orthostatic vital signs (HR and BP) will also be obtained.  Subjects should be semi-
recumbent for at least 10 minutes and then stand upright for 2 minutes prior to measurement 
of orthostatic vital signs. 
Subjects will continue to rest semi-recumbent from dosing until 4 hours postdose except to 
stand for the measurement of orthostatic vital signs or other trial related procedure. Predose 
vital signs can be obtained up to 2 hours prior to dosing.
Laboratory Procedures/Assessments
7.1.3
Details regarding specific laboratory procedures/assessments to be performed in this trial are 
provided below. The total amount of blood/tissue to be drawn/collected over the course of 
the trial (from pre-trial to post-trial visits), including approximate blood/tissue volumes 
drawn/collected by visit and by sample type per subject can be found in Section 12.4.
7.1.3.1
Laboratory Safety Evaluations (Hematology, Chemistry and Urinalysis)
Laboratory tests for hematology, chemistry and urinalysis are specified in Table 6.


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Table 6 Laboratory Tests
Hematology
Chemistry
Urinalysis
Other
Hematocrit
Albumin
Glucose
Hepatitis B surface antigen, 
Hemoglobin
Alkaline phosphatase
Protein
Hepatitis C antibodies
Platelet count
Alanine aminotransferase (ALT)
RBC
HIV-1 RNA (prestudy)
Plasma for HIV genotype 
(resistance testing)
WBC:total and 
differentials 
including:
Absolute 
neutrophils
Absolute 
Lymphocytes
Absolute 
Monocytes
Absolute 
Eosinophils
Absolute Basophils
Aspartate aminotransferase 
(AST)
WBC 
Urine/blood Drug Screen
Bicarbonate
Microscopic exam, if 
abnormal results are 
noted
Follicle Stimulating 
Hormone (FSH)
Calcium
Urine / Serum β-hCG
Chloride
CD4 T cell count at 
screening for all Panels and 
post-trial for Panel G only 
Creatinine
INR at screening
Glucose
Lactic Acid
Phosphorus
Potassium
Sodium
Total Bilirubin  
Direct Bilirubin
Total protein
Urea
Laboratory safety tests will be performed after at least an 8-hour fast.  Pre-dose laboratory 
procedures can be conducted up to 24 hours prior to dosing.
7.1.3.2
Pharmacokinetic/Pharmacodynamic Evaluations
The decision as to which plasma and/or urine samples collected will be assayed for 
evaluation of pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics will be collaboratively determined by the 
Departments of Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics & Drug Metabolism and the 
appropriate department within Early-Stage Development, (e.g., samples at lower doses may 
not be assayed if samples at higher doses reveal undetectable drug concentrations).  If 
indicated, these samples may also be assayed and/or pooled for assay in an exploratory 
manner for metabolites and/or additional pharmacodynamic markers.


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7.1.3.2.1 Blood Collection for Plasma MK-8591
Sample collection, storage and shipment instructions for plasma samples will be provided in 
a Study Specific Procedure Manual.
7.1.3.2.2 Urine Collection for Urinary MK-8591
Sample collection, storage and shipment instructions for urine samples will be provided in a 
Study Specific Procedure Manual.
7.1.3.3
Blood Collection for PBMC
Sample collection and processing for PBMC samples will be provided in a Study Specific 
Procedure Manual.
7.1.3.4
Future Biomedical Research
The following specimens are to be obtained as part of Future Biomedical Research:

Blood for genomics use

Leftover main study plasma for future use
Other Procedures
7.1.4
7.1.4.1
Withdrawal/Discontinuation
The investigator or trial coordinator must notify the Sponsor when a subject has been 
discontinued/withdrawn from the trial.  If a subject discontinues for any reason at any time 
during the course of the trial, the subject may be asked to return to the clinic (or be 
contacted) for a post-trial visit (approximately 21 days after the last dose of trial drug is 
given) to have the applicable procedures conducted.  However, the investigator may decide 
to perform the post-trial procedures at the time of discontinuation or as soon as possible after 
discontinuation.  If the post-trial visit occurs prior to 21 days after the last dose of trial drug
is given, the investigator should perform a follow-up phone call 21 days after the last dose of 
trial drug to determine if any adverse events have occurred since the post-trial clinic visit.  
Any adverse events which are present at the time of discontinuation/withdrawal should be 
followed in accordance with the safety requirements outlined in Section 7.2 - Assessing and 
Recording Adverse Events.


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7.1.4.1.1 Withdrawal From Future Biomedical Research
Subjects may withdraw their consent for Future Biomedical Research and have their 
specimens and all derivatives destroyed.   Subjects may withdraw consent at any time by 
contacting the principal investigator for the main trial.  If medical records for the main trial 
are still available, the investigator will contact the Sponsor using the designated mailbox 
(
 and a form will be provided by the Sponsor to 
obtain appropriate information to complete specimen withdrawal.  Subsequently, the 
subject's specimens will be removed from the biorepository and be destroyed.  A letter will 
be sent from the Sponsor to the investigator confirming the destruction. It is the 
responsibility of the investigator to inform the subject of completion of destruction.  Any 
analyses in progress at the time of request for destruction or already performed prior to the 
request being received by the Sponsor will continue to be used as part of the overall research 
trial data and results.   No new analyses would be generated after the request is received.
In the event that the medical records for the main trial are no longer available (e.g., if the 
investigator is no longer required by regulatory authorities to retain the main trial records) or 
the specimens have been completely anonymized, there will no longer be a link between the 
subject’s personal information and their specimens.  In this situation, the request for 
specimen destruction cannot be processed.
7.1.4.2
Blinding/Unblinding
This is an open label trial; there is no blinding for this trial.
7.1.4.3
Domiciling
Subjects will report to the clinical research unit (CRU) the evening prior to the scheduled day 
of trial drug administration and will remain in the unit until 24 hours post-dose.  At the 
discretion of the investigator, subjects may be requested to remain in the CRU longer.
7.1.4.4
Calibration of Critical Equipment
The investigator or qualified designee has the responsibility to ensure that any critical device
or instrument used for a clinical evaluation/test during a clinical trial that provides important 
information about inclusion/exclusion criteria and/or safety or efficacy parameters shall be 
suitably calibrated and maintained to ensure that the data obtained is reliable and/or 
reproducible.  Documentation of equipment calibration must be retained as source 
documentation at the trial site.
Critical Equipment for this trial includes:
Vital sign and ECG machines
PPD


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Visit Requirements
7.1.5
Visit requirements are outlined in Section 6.0 - Trial Flow Chart.   Specific procedure-related 
details are provided above in Section 7.1 - Trial Procedures.
7.1.5.1
Screening
Approximately 4 weeks prior to randomization, potential subjects will be evaluated to 
determine that they fulfill the entry requirements as set forth in Section 5.1.  Screening 
procedures may be repeated after consultation with the Sponsor.
7.1.5.2
Treatment Period/Vaccination Visit
7.1.5.2.1 Predose Procedures (All Panels)
Prior to each treatment, the clinical and laboratory safety parameters from the previous dose 
level and previous treatment panel will be reviewed by the Investigator and the Clinical 
Team and a mutual decision on whether to advance to the next higher dose level will be 
made. No dose escalation will occur without agreement of the Investigator and the 
SPONSOR.
Subjects will report to the CRU the day prior to the scheduled day of administration of the 
study drug or time specified by the investigator. Subjects will fast from all food and drink, 
except for water, for a minimum of 8 hours prior to study drug administration and prior to 
obtaining samples for laboratory safety tests (refer to Section 5.7.1.1).  
After the Day 1 predose procedures have been completed, subjects will be assigned a unique 
randomization/allocation number associated with a specific treatment sequence as defined by 
a computer-generated allocation schedule.  For details on procedures, please refer to the 
Study Flow Chart (Section 6.0), Procedures (Section 7.1.2) and/or corresponding appendices.  
7.1.5.2.2 Treatment Procedures (All Panels)
Procedures for study drug administration and postdose procedures are listed in the Study 
Flow Chart, Section 6.0 of this protocol.
Subjects will be administered a single dose of MK-8591 in the morning. The exact clock time 
of dosing should be recorded. 
7.1.5.3
Post-Trial
Post-trial procedures are listed in the Study Flow Chart, Section 6.0 of this protocol.
Subjects will be required to return to clinic approximately 21 days after the last dose of trial 
drug for the post-trial visit.  If the post-trial visit occurs less than 21 days after the last dose 
of trial drug, a subsequent follow-up phone call should be made at 21 days post the last dose 
of trial drug to determine if any adverse events have occurred since the post-trial clinic visit.


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7.1.5.4
Critical Procedures Based on Trial Objectives: Timing of Procedure 
For this trial, the blood sample for viral load and the blood sample for MK-8591 PBMC are 
considered the critical procedures. 
At any post-dose timepoint, the blood sample for MK-8591 PBMC needs to be collected as 
close to the exact timepoint as possible.  All other procedures should be completed as close 
to the prescribed/scheduled time as possible. Trial procedures can be performed prior or after 
the prescribed/scheduled time.  
The order of priority can be changed during the trial with joint agreement of the investigator 
and the Sponsor Clinical Director.  
Any nonscheduled procedures required for urgent evaluation of safety concerns take 
precedence over all routine scheduled procedures.  
7.1.5.5
Trial Design/Dosing/Procedures Modifications Permitted within Protocol 
Parameters
This is a Phase I assessment of MK-8591 in humans, and the pharmacokinetic, 
pharmacodynamic and safety profiles of the compound is still being elucidated.  This 
protocol is written with some flexibility to accommodate the inherent dynamic nature of 
Phase I clinical trials.  Modifications to the dose, dosing regimen and/or clinical or laboratory 
procedures currently outlined below may be required to achieve the scientific goals of the 
trial objectives and/or to ensure appropriate safety monitoring of the trial subjects.  
As such, some alterations from the currently outlined dose and/or dosing regimen may be 
permitted based on newly available data, but the maximum daily dose may not exceed those 
currently outlined in the protocol.

Repeat of or decrease in the dose of the trial drug administered 

Interchange of doses between panels

Entire panel(s) may be omitted

Instructions to take trial drug with or without food or drink may also be modified based 
on newly available data

Decrease in the length of postdose pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic sample collection
The pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic sampling scheme currently outlined in the protocol 
may be modified during the trial based on newly available pharmacokinetic or 
pharmacodynamic data (e.g., to obtain data closer to the time of peak plasma concentrations).  
If indicated, these collected samples may also be assayed in an exploratory manner for 
metabolites and/or additional pharmacodynamic markers.


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Up to additional 50 mL of blood may be drawn for safety, pharmacokinetic, and/or 
pharmacodynamic analyses.  The total blood volume withdrawn from any single subject will 
not exceed the maximum allowable volume during his/her participation in the entire trial 
(Section 12.4). 
The timing of procedures for assessment of safety procedures (e.g., vital signs, ECG, safety 
laboratory tests, etc.) currently outlined in the protocol may be modified during the trial 
based on newly available safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetic or pharmacodynamic data 
(e.g., to obtain data closer to the time of peak plasma concentrations).  Additional laboratory 
safety tests may be added to blood samples previously drawn to obtain additional safety 
information. These changes will not increase the number of trial procedures for a given 
subject during his/her participation in the entire trial. 
It is understood that the current trial may employ some or none of the alterations described 
above.  Any alteration made to this protocol to meet the trial objectives must be detailed by 
the Sponsor in a letter to the Trial File and forwarded to the investigator for retention.  The 
letter may be forwarded to the IRB/ERC at the discretion of the investigator.
Assessing and Recording Adverse Events
7.2
An adverse event is defined as any untoward medical occurrence in a patient or clinical 
investigation subject administered a pharmaceutical product and which does not necessarily 
have to have a causal relationship with this treatment. An adverse event can therefore be any 
unfavourable and unintended sign (including an abnormal laboratory finding, for example), 
symptom, or disease temporally associated with the use of a medicinal product or protocol-
specified procedure, whether or not considered related to the medicinal product or protocol-
specified procedure.  Any worsening (i.e., any clinically significant adverse change in 
frequency and/or intensity) of a preexisting condition that is temporally associated with the 
use of the Sponsor’s product, is also an adverse event.
Changes resulting from normal growth and development that do not vary significantly in 
frequency or severity from expected levels are not to be considered adverse events.  
Examples of this may include, but are not limited to, teething, typical crying in infants and 
children and onset of menses or menopause occurring at a physiologically appropriate time.
Sponsor's product includes any pharmaceutical product, biological product, device, 
diagnostic agent or protocol-specified procedure, whether investigational (including placebo 
or active comparator medication) or marketed, manufactured by, licensed by, provided by or 
distributed by the Sponsor for human use.
Adverse events may occur during clinical trials, or as prescribed in clinical practice, from 
overdose (whether accidental or intentional), from abuse and from withdrawal.
For randomized subjects only, all adverse events that occur after the consent form is signed 
but before treatment allocation/randomization must be reported by investigator if they are the 
result of a protocol-specified intervention, including but not limited to washout or 


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discontinuation of usual therapy, diet, placebo treatment or a procedure. From the time of 
treatment allocation/randomization through 21 days following cessation of treatment, all 
adverse events must be reported by the investigator. Such events will be recorded at each 
examination on the Adverse Event case report forms/worksheets.  The reporting timeframe 
for adverse events meeting any serious criteria is described in section 7.2.3.1. The 
investigator will make every attempt to follow all subjects with non-serious adverse events 
for outcome.
Electronic reporting procedures can be found in the Electronic Data Capture (EDC) data 
entry guidelines. Paper reporting procedures can be found in the Investigator Trial File 
Binder (or equivalent).
Definition of an Overdose for This Protocol and Reporting of Overdose to the 
7.2.1
Sponsor
The subject has taken (accidentally or intentionally) any drug administered as part of the 
protocol and exceeding the dose as prescribed by the protocol. It is up to the investigator or 
the reporting physician to decide whether a dose is to be considered an overdose, in 
consultation with the Sponsor.
If an adverse event(s) is associated with (“results from”) the overdose of Sponsor's product or 
vaccine, the adverse event(s) is reported as a serious adverse event, even if no other 
seriousness criteria are met.
If a dose of Sponsor's product or vaccine meeting the protocol definition of overdose is taken 
without any associated clinical symptoms or abnormal laboratory results, the overdose is 
reported as a non-serious Event of Clinical Interest (ECI), using the terminology “accidental 
or intentional overdose without adverse effect.”
All reports of overdose with and without an adverse event must be reported by the 
investigator within 24 hours to the Sponsor either by electronic media or paper. Electronic 
reporting procedures can be found in the EDC data entry guidelines. Paper reporting 
procedures can be found in the Investigator Trial File Binder (or equivalent).
Reporting of Pregnancy and Lactation to the Sponsor
7.2.2
Although pregnancy and lactation are not considered adverse events, it is the responsibility of 
investigators or their designees to report any pregnancy or lactation in a subject 
(spontaneously reported to them) that occurs during the trial.
Pregnancies and lactations that occur after the consent form is signed but before treatment 
allocation/randomization must be reported by the investigator if they cause the subject to be 
excluded from the trial, or are the result of a protocol-specified intervention, including but 
not limited to washout or discontinuation of usual therapy, diet, placebo treatment or a 
procedure.  Pregnancies and lactations that occur from the time of treatment 
allocation/randomization through 21 days following cessation of Sponsor’s product must be 
reported by the investigator.  All reported pregnancies must be followed to the 


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completion/termination of the pregnancy. Pregnancy outcomes of spontaneous abortion, 
missed abortion, benign hydatidiform mole, blighted ovum, fetal death, intrauterine death, 
miscarriage and stillbirth must be reported as serious events (Important Medical Events). If 
the pregnancy continues to term, the outcome (health of infant) must also be reported.
Such events must be reported within 24 hours to the Sponsor either by electronic media or 
paper. Electronic reporting procedures can be found in the EDC data entry guidelines. Paper 
reporting procedures can be found in the Investigator Trial File Binder (or equivalent).
Immediate Reporting of Adverse Events to the Sponsor
7.2.3
7.2.3.1
Serious Adverse Events
A serious adverse event is any adverse event occurring at any dose or during any use of 
Sponsor's product that:
●
Results in death;
●
Is life threatening;
●
Results in persistent or significant disability/incapacity;
●
Results in or prolongs an existing inpatient hospitalization;
●
Is a congenital anomaly/birth defect;
●
Is an other important medical event. 
Note: In addition to the above criteria, adverse events meeting either of the below criteria, 
although not serious per ICH definition, are reportable to the Sponsor in the same timeframe 
as SAEs to meet certain local requirements. Therefore, these events are considered serious by 
the Sponsor for collection purposes.
●
Is a cancer;
●
Is associated with an overdose.
Refer to Table 7 for additional details regarding each of the above criteria.
For the time period beginning when the consent form is signed until treatment 
allocation/randomization, any serious adverse event, or follow up to a serious adverse event, 
including death due to any cause, that occurs to any subject must be reported within 24 hours 
to the Sponsor if it causes the subject to be excluded from the trial, or is the result of a 
protocol-specified intervention, including but not limited to washout or discontinuation of 
usual therapy, diet, placebo treatment or a procedure.
For the time period beginning at treatment allocation/randomization through 21 days 
following cessation of treatment, any serious adverse event, or follow up to a serious adverse 
event, including death due to any cause, whether or not related to the Sponsor's product, must 
be reported within 24 hours to the Sponsor either by electronic media or paper. Electronic 
reporting procedures can be found in the EDC data entry guidelines. Paper reporting 
procedures can be found in the Investigator Trial File Binder (or equivalent).


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Additionally, any serious adverse event, considered by an investigator who is a qualified 
physician to be related to the Sponsor's product that is brought to the attention of the 
investigator at any time outside of the time period specified in the previous paragraph also 
must be reported immediately to the Sponsor. 
All subjects with serious adverse events must be followed up for outcome.
7.2.3.2
Events of Clinical Interest
Selected non-serious and serious adverse events are also known as Events of Clinical Interest 
(ECI)  and must be reported to the Sponsor.
For the time period beginning when the consent form is signed until treatment 
allocation/randomization, any ECI, or follow up to an ECI, that occurs to any subject must be 
reported within 24 hours to the Sponsor if it causes the subject to be excluded from the trial, 
or is the result of a protocol-specified intervention, including but not limited to washout or 
discontinuation of usual therapy, diet, placebo treatment or a procedure.
For the time period beginning at treatment allocation/randomization through 21 days 
following cessation of treatment, any ECI, or follow up to an ECI, whether or not related to 
the Sponsor’s product, must be reported within 24 hours to the Sponsor, either by electronic 
media or paper.  Electronic reporting procedures can be found in the EDC data entry 
guidelines.  Paper reporting procedures can be found in the Investigator Trial File Binder (or 
equivalent).
Events of clinical interest for this trial include:
1. an overdose of Sponsor's product, as defined in Section 7.2.1 - Definition of an Overdose 
for This Protocol and Reporting of Overdose to the Sponsor, that is not associated with 
clinical symptoms or abnormal laboratory results. 
2. an elevated AST or ALT lab value that is greater than or equal to 3X the upper limit of 
normal and an elevated total bilirubin lab value that is greater than or equal to 2X the 
upper limit of normal and, at the same time, an alkaline phosphatase lab value that is less 
than 2X the upper limit of normal, as determined by way of protocol-specified laboratory 
testing or unscheduled laboratory testing.*
*Note:  These criteria are based upon available regulatory guidance documents. The 
purpose of the criteria is to specify a threshold of abnormal hepatic tests that must trigger 
an additional evaluation for an underlying etiology. The trial site guidance for assessment 
and follow up of these criteria can be found in the Investigator Trial File Binder (or 
equivalent).
It may also be appropriate to conduct additional evaluation for an underlying etiology in 
the setting of abnormalities of liver blood tests including AST, ALT, bilirubin, and 
alkaline phosphatase that do not meet the criteria noted above. In these cases, the decision 
to proceed with additional evaluation will be made through consultation between the 


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study investigators and the Sponsor Clinical Director. However, abnormalities of liver 
blood tests that do not meet the criteria noted above are not ECIs for this trial).
7.2.3.3
Protocol-Specific Exceptions to Serious Adverse Event Reporting
Evaluating Adverse Events
7.2.4
An investigator who is a qualified physician will evaluate all adverse events with respect to 
the elements outlined in Table 7. The investigator’s assessment of causality is required for 
each adverse event.  Refer to Table 7 for instructions in evaluating adverse events.


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Table 7  Evaluating Adverse Events
Maximum
Mild
awareness of sign or symptom, but easily tolerated  (for pediatric trials, awareness of symptom, but easily tolerated)
Intensity
Moderate
discomfort enough to cause interference with usual activity (for pediatric trials, definitely acting like something is wrong)
Severe
incapacitating with inability to work or do usual activity (for pediatric trials, extremely distressed or unable to do usual activities)
Seriousness
A serious adverse event (AE) is any adverse event occurring at any dose or during any use of Sponsor's product that:
†Results in death; or
†Is life threatening; or places the subject, in the view of the investigator, at immediate risk of death from the event as it occurred [Note: This does not include an 
adverse event  that, had it occurred in a more severe form, might have caused death.]; or
†Results in a persistent or significant disability/incapacity (substantial disruption of one’s ability to conduct normal life functions); or
†Results in or prolongs an existing inpatient hospitalization (hospitalization is defined as an inpatient admission, regardless of length of stay, even if the 
hospitalization is a precautionary measure for continued observation.   (Note: Hospitalization for an elective procedure to treat a pre-existing condition that has not 
worsened is not a serious adverse event.  A pre-existing condition is a clinical condition that is diagnosed prior to the use of a Merck product and is documented in the 
patient’s medical history.); or
†Is a congenital anomaly/birth defect  (in offspring of subject taking the product regardless of time to diagnosis); or
Is a cancer (although not serious per ICH definition, is reportable to the Sponsor within 24 hours to meet certain local requirements); or
Is associated with an overdose (whether accidental or intentional).  Any adverse event associated with an overdose is considered a serious adverse event for
collection purposes. An overdose that is not associated with an adverse event is considered a non-serious event of clinical interest and must be reported within 24 
hours.
Other important medical events that may not result in death, not be life threatening, or not require hospitalization may be considered a serious adverse event when, 
based upon appropriate medical judgment, the event may jeopardize the subject and may require medical or surgical intervention to prevent one of the outcomes listed 
previously (designated above by a †).
Duration
Record the start and stop dates of the adverse event.  If less than 1 day, indicate the appropriate length of time and units
Action taken 
Did the adverse event cause the Sponsor's product to be discontinued?
Relationship to 
Sponsor's 
Product
Did the Sponsor's product cause the adverse event?   The determination of the likelihood that the Sponsor's product caused the adverse event will be provided by an 
investigator who is a qualified physician.  The investigator’s signed/dated initials on the source document or worksheet that supports the causality noted on the AE 
form, ensures that a medically qualified assessment of causality was done.  This initialed document must be retained for the required regulatory time frame.  The 
criteria below are intended as reference guidelines to assist the investigator in assessing the likelihood of a relationship between the test drug and the adverse event 
based upon the available information
The following components are to be used to assess the relationship between the Sponsor's product and the AE; the greater the correlation with the components 
and their respective elements (in number and/or intensity), the more likely the Sponsor's product caused the adverse event:
Exposure
Is there evidence that the subject was actually exposed to the Sponsor's product such as:  reliable history, acceptable compliance assessment (pill 
count, diary, etc.), expected pharmacologic effect, or measurement of drug/metabolite in bodily specimen?
Time Course
Did the AE follow in a reasonable temporal sequence from administration of the Sponsor's product?
Is the time of onset of the AE compatible with a drug-induced effect (applies to trials with investigational medicinal product)?
Likely Cause
Is the AE not reasonably explained by another etiology such as underlying disease, other drug(s)/vaccine(s), or other host or environmental 
factors


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Relationship
The following components are to be used to assess the relationship between the Sponsor's product and the AE:  (continued)
to Sponsor's 
Product
(continued) 
Dechallenge
Was the Sponsor's product discontinued or dose/exposure/frequency reduced?
      If yes, did the AE resolve or improve?
           If yes, this is a positive dechallenge.    If no, this is a negative dechallenge.
(Note:  This criterion is not applicable if:  (1) the AE resulted in death or permanent disability; (2) the AE resolved/improved despite 
continuation of the Sponsor's product; (3) the trial is a single-dose drug trial); or (4) Sponsor's product(s) is/are only used one time.)
Rechallenge
Was the subject re-exposed to the Sponsor's product in this trial?
      If yes, did the AE recur or worsen?
          If yes, this is a positive rechallenge.    If no, this is a negative rechallenge.
(Note:  This criterion is not applicable if:  (1) the initial AE resulted in death or permanent disability, or (2) the trial is a single-dose drug trial); 
or (3) Sponsor's product(s) is/are used only one time.)
NOTE:  IF A RECHALLENGE IS PLANNED FOR AN ADVERSE EVENT WHICH WAS SERIOUS AND WHICH MAY HAVE BEEN 
CAUSED BY THE SPONSOR'S PRODUCT, OR IF RE-EXPOSURE TO THE SPONSOR'S PRODUCT POSES ADDITIONAL POTENTIAL 
SIGNIFICANT RISK TO THE SUBJECT THEN THE RECHALLENGE MUST BE APPROVED IN ADVANCE BY THE SPONSOR
CLINICAL DIRECTOR AND THE INSTITUTIONAL REVIEW BOARD/INDEPENDENT ETHICS COMMITTEE.
Consistency 
with Trial 
Treatment 
Profile
Is the clinical/pathological presentation of the AE consistent with previous knowledge regarding the Sponsor's product or drug class 
pharmacology or toxicology?
The assessment of relationship will be reported on the case report forms /worksheets by an investigator who is a qualified physician according to his/her best clinical judgment, including 
consideration of the above elements.
Record one of the following:
Use the following scale of criteria as guidance (not all criteria must be present to be indicative of a Sponsor's product relationship).
Yes, there is a reasonable 
possibility of Sponsor's product 
relationship.
There is evidence of exposure to the Sponsor's product.  The temporal sequence of the AE onset relative to the administration of the Sponsor's 
product is reasonable.  The AE is more likely explained by the Sponsor's product than by another cause. 
No, there is not a reasonable 
possibility of Sponsor's product 
relationship
Subject did not receive the Sponsor's product OR temporal sequence of the AE onset relative to administration of the Sponsor's product is not 
reasonable OR the AE is more likely explained by another cause than the Sponsor’s product.  (Also entered for a subject with overdose without 
an associated AE.)




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Power
Pharmacodynamic (Primary):  If the true SD of the log10 reduction from baseline in plasma 
HIV-RNA at 168 hours postdose is 0.4 (0.5), there is ~80% power to yield at least 80% 
posterior probability if the true mean log10 reduction is at least 1.0 log10 (1.1 log10) with 
N=6 subjects in a Panel.
Statistical Analysis Plan
8.2
The statistical analysis of the data obtained from this study will be conducted by, or under the 
direct auspices of, the Clinical Pharmacology Statistics Department in collaboration with the 
Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics, and Drug Metabolism (PPDM) and Clinical 
Pharmacology Departments of the Sponsor.
If, after the study has begun, changes are made to the statistical analysis plan stated below, 
then these deviations to the plan will be listed, along with an explanation as to why they 
occurred, in the Clinical Study Report.
Hypotheses
8.2.1
Primary
At a dose that is sufficiently safe and generally well tolerated, MK-8591 has superior 
antiretroviral activity compared to placebo, as measured by change from baseline in plasma 
HIV-1 RNA (log10 copies/mL) at 168 hours postdose. That is, the true mean difference in the 
plasma HIV-1 RNA reduction from baseline between MK-8591 and placebo is at least 0.5
log10 copies/mL.
Analysis Endpoints
8.2.2
Primary Pharmacodynamic
The primary pharmacodynamic variables in this study include plasma HIV-1 RNA pre-dose 
and 4, 24, 96, 120, 144, 168, 240 and 336 hours post-dose.
Primary Safety
The primary safety endpoints in this study include all types of adverse experiences, in 
addition to laboratory safety assessments, ECGs, and vital signs.
Secondary Endpoints
The secondary endpoints in this study include MK-8591 plasma and intracellular 
triphosphate in PBMC AUC0-168hr, Tmax, Cmax, C168hr, C336hr, and apparent terminal t1/2 after 
administration of single oral doses following dosing on Day 1.




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longitudinal data analysis model containing fixed effects for study and time (pre-dose, 168 
hrs post-dose), and a random effect for patient.  The change from baseline for placebo at 
168 hours post-baseline will be estimated from this model, and a posterior distribution for 
the true mean change from baseline at 168 hours will be generated using flat priors under a 
normal likelihood assumption.  Using the posterior distributions for each dose level and 
placebo, the posterior distribution of the true mean difference between each dose level and 
placebo will be generated, and the posterior probability that the true mean difference in the 
log10 plasma HIV-1 RNA reduction from baseline between MK-8507 and placebo is at 
least 0.5 log10 copies/mL will be calculated. An 80% posterior probability for at least one 
dose level that also exhibits an acceptable safety and tolerability profile will satisfy the 
primary pharmacodynamics hypothesis.  For each dose level, the posterior probability that 
the true mean log10 plasma HIV-1 RNA reduction from baseline is at least 0.5 log10 
copies/mL will also be calculated.  To address the exploratory objective related to 
antiretroviral activity at 336 hours post-baseline, a similar analysis will be performed using 
viral load measurements at baseline and 336 hours post-baseline.  Similar exploratory 
analyses may be performed at timepoints earlier than 168 hours post-baseline.
Secondary (Pharmacokinetic)
MK-8591 plasma and intracellular triphosphate in PBMC pharmacokinetic parameters
C168hr, C336hr, AUC0-168hr, and Cmax from subjects in all panels will be pooled, log-
transformed and analyzed based on a linear model containing a fixed effect for dose level.  
The 95% confidence intervals for the means will be constructed on the natural log scale and 
will reference the t-distribution.  Exponentiating the means will yield estimates for the 
population geometric means on the original scale.  The posterior probability that the true 
GM C168hr triphosphate in PBMC is at least 0.53 pmol/106 cells will be calculated for each 
dose level using flat priors under a normal likelihood assumption.  Data will be examined 
for departures from the assumptions of the statistical model(s) as appropriate; e.g., 
heteroscedasticity, nonnormality of the error terms.  Distribution-free methods may be used 
if a serious departure from the assumptions of the model(s) is observed, or suitable data 
transformation may be applied.
Individual values will be listed for each MK-8591 plasma and intracellular triphosphate in 
PBMC PK parameter (C168hr, C336hr, AUC0-168hr, Cmax, Tmax, and apparent terminal t1/2) by 
dose level, and the following (non-model-based) descriptive statistics will be provided:  N 
(number of subjects with non-missing data), arithmetic mean, standard deviation, arithmetic 
percent CV (calculated as 100 x standard deviation/arithmetic mean), median, minimum, 
maximum, geometric mean, and geometric percent CV (calculated as 100 x sqrt(exp(s2) -
1), where s2 is the observed variance on the natural log-scale).


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Secondary and Exploratory (Pharmacokinetic/Pharmacodynamic)
The pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic and dose-pharmacodynamic association of MK-
8591will be explored.  Graphs to visualize the association of the reduction in log10 plasma 
HIV-1 RNA levels with various plasma and intracellular triphosphate in PBMC parameters 
(e.g., C168hr, C336hr, AUC0-168hr, and Cmax) and dose will be generated.  Exploratory linear 
and/or non-linear model fits may be considered, as appropriate.  Exposure levels and doses 
that result in various proportions of the population (e.g., 80%, 90%) that have at least 0.5 
log10 reduction from baseline in plasma HIV-1 RNA levels with high confidence may be 
estimated.
The duration of antiretroviral suppression after a single dose of 30 mg MK-8591 in Panel G 
will be evaluated with individual plots across time.
Multiplicity
8.2.5
Since there is only one primary pharmacodynamic hypothesis, no multiplicity adjustment will
be made.
Power
8.2.6
Pharmacodynamic (Primary):  If the true SD of the log10 reduction from baseline in plasma 
HIV-RNA at 168 hours postdose is 0.4 (0.5), there is ~80% power to yield at least 80% 
posterior probability if the true mean log10 reduction is at least 1.0 log10 (1.1 log10) with 
N=6 subjects in a Panel.
9.0 LABELING, PACKAGING,
STORAGE AND RETURN OF CLINICAL 
SUPPLIES
Investigational Product
9.1
The investigator shall take responsibility for and shall take all steps to maintain appropriate 
records and ensure appropriate supply, storage, handling, distribution and usage of 
investigational product in accordance with the protocol and any applicable laws and 
regulations.
Clinical Supplies will be provided by the Sponsor as summarized in Table 8.
.
Clinical supplies will be packaged to support enrollment and replacement subjects as 
required.  When a replacement subject is required, the Sponsor or designee needs to be 
contacted prior to dosing the replacement supplies.


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Table 8 Product Descriptions
Product Name & Potency
Dosage Form
MK-8591 1mg
Capsule
MK-8591 10mg
Capsule
MK-8591 100mg
Capsule
MK-8591 0.25 mg
Capsule
Note: Sponsor may provide MK-8591 0.25mg capsule for dose selection 
flexibility, if it is required.
Additionally, ART that is initiated during the study will be sourced locally by 
the clinical site.
Packaging and Labeling Information
9.2
Clinical supplies will be affixed with a clinical label in accordance with regulatory 
requirements.
Subjects will receive open label supply. No kitting is required.
Clinical Supplies Disclosure
9.3
This trial is open-label; therefore, the subject, the trial site personnel, the Sponsor and/or 
designee are not blinded. Treatment name and strength (name, strength or potency) is 
included in the label text; random code/disclosure envelopes or lists are not provided.
Storage and Handling Requirements
9.4
Clinical supplies must be stored in a secure, limited-access location under the storage 
conditions specified on the label.  
Receipt and dispensing of trial medication must be recorded by an authorized person at the
trial site.
Clinical supplies may not be used for any purpose other than that stated in the protocol.
Returns and Reconciliation
9.5
The investigator is responsible for keeping accurate records of the clinical supplies received 
from the Sponsor or designee, the amount dispensed to and returned by the subjects and the
amount remaining at the conclusion of the trial. For all trial sites, the local country Sponsor 
personnel or designee will provide appropriate documentation that must be completed for 
drug accountability and return, or local discard and destruction if appropriate. Where local 
discard and destruction is appropriate, the investigator is responsible for ensuring that a local 
discard/destruction procedure is documented.


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10.0 ADMINISTRATIVE AND REGULATORY DETAILS
Confidentiality
10.1
Confidentiality of Data
10.1.1
By signing this protocol, the investigator affirms to the Sponsor that information furnished to 
the investigator by the Sponsor will be maintained in confidence, and such information will 
be divulged to the institutional review board, ethics review committee (IRB/ERC) or similar 
or expert committee; affiliated institution and employees, only under an appropriate 
understanding of confidentiality with such board or committee, affiliated institution and 
employees.  Data generated by this trial will be considered confidential by the investigator, 
except to the extent that it is included in a publication as provided in the Publications section 
of this protocol.
Confidentiality of Subject Records
10.1.2
By signing this protocol, the investigator agrees that the Sponsor (or Sponsor representative), 
IRB/ERC, or regulatory authority representatives may consult and/or copy trial documents in 
order to verify worksheet/case report form data.  By signing the consent form, the subject 
agrees to this process.  If trial documents will be photocopied during the process of verifying 
worksheet/case report form information, the subject will be identified by unique code only; 
full names/initials will be masked prior to transmission to the Sponsor.
By signing this protocol, the investigator agrees to treat all subject data used and disclosed in 
connection with this trial in accordance with all applicable privacy laws, rules and 
regulations.
Confidentiality of Investigator Information
10.1.3
By signing this protocol, the investigator recognizes that certain personal identifying 
information with respect to the investigator, and all subinvestigators and trial site personnel, 
may be used and disclosed for trial management purposes, as part of a regulatory 
submissions, and as required by law.  This information may include:
1. name, address, telephone number and e-mail address;
2. hospital or clinic address and telephone number;
3. curriculum vitae or other summary of qualifications and credentials; and
4. other professional documentation.
Consistent with the purposes described above, this information may be transmitted to the 
Sponsor, and subsidiaries, affiliates and agents of the Sponsor, in your country and other 
countries, including countries that do
not have laws protecting such information.  
Additionally, the investigator’s name and business contact information may be included 


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when reporting certain serious adverse events to regulatory authorities or to other 
investigators.  By signing this protocol, the investigator expressly consents to these uses and 
disclosures.
If this is a multicenter trial, in order to facilitate contact between investigators, the Sponsor 
may share an investigator’s name and contact information with other participating 
investigators upon request.
Confidentiality of IRB/IEC Information
10.1.4
The Sponsor is required to record the name and address of each IRB/IEC member that 
reviews and approves this trial.  The Sponsor is also required to document that each IRB/IEC 
meets regulatory and ICH GCP requirements by requesting and maintaining records of the 
names and qualifications of the IRB/IEC members and to make these records available for 
regulatory agency review upon request by those agencies.
Compliance with Financial Disclosure Requirements
10.2
Financial Disclosure requirements are outlined in the US Food and Drug Administration 
Regulations, Financial Disclosure by Clinical Investigators (21 CFR Part 54).  It is the 
Sponsor's responsibility to determine, based on these regulations, whether a request for 
Financial Disclosure information is required.  It is the investigator's/subinvestigator's 
responsibility to comply with any such request.  
The investigator/subinvestigator(s) agree, if requested by the Sponsor in accordance with 21 
CFR Part 54, to provide his/her financial interests in and/or arrangements with the Sponsor to 
allow for the submission of complete and accurate certification and disclosure statements.  
The investigator/subinvestigator(s) further agree to provide this information on a 
Certification/Disclosure Form, commonly known as a financial disclosure form, provided by 
the Sponsor or through a secure password-protected electronic portal provided by the 
Sponsor.  The investigator/subinvestigator(s) also consent to the transmission of this 
information to the Sponsor in the United States for these purposes.  This may involve the 
transmission of information to countries that do not have laws protecting personal data.
Compliance with Law, Audit and Debarment
10.3
By signing this protocol, the investigator agrees to conduct the trial in an efficient and 
diligent manner and in conformance with this protocol; generally accepted standards of Good 
Clinical Practice (e.g., International Conference on Harmonization of Technical 
Requirements for Registration of Pharmaceuticals for Human Use Good Clinical Practice: 
Consolidated Guideline and other generally accepted standards of good clinical practice); and 
all applicable federal, state and local laws, rules and regulations relating to the conduct of the 
clinical trial.
The Code of Conduct, a collection of goals and considerations that govern the ethical and 
scientific conduct of clinical investigations sponsored by Merck, is provided in Section 12.1 -
Merck Code of Conduct for Clinical Trials.


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The investigator also agrees to allow monitoring, audits, IRB/ERC review and regulatory 
authority inspection of trial-related documents and procedures and provide for direct access 
to all trial-related source data and documents.
The investigator agrees not to seek reimbursement from subjects, their insurance providers or 
from government programs for procedures included as part of the trial reimbursed to the 
investigator by the Sponsor.
The investigator shall prepare and maintain complete and accurate trial documentation in 
compliance with Good Clinical Practice standards and applicable federal, state and local 
laws, rules and regulations; and, for each subject participating in the trial, provide all data, 
and, upon completion or termination of the clinical trial, submit any other reports to the 
Sponsor as required by this protocol or as otherwise required pursuant to any agreement with 
the Sponsor.
Trial documentation will be promptly and fully disclosed to the Sponsor by the investigator 
upon request and also shall be made available at the trial site upon request for inspection, 
copying, review and audit at reasonable times by representatives of the Sponsor or any 
regulatory authorities.  The investigator agrees to promptly take any reasonable steps that are 
requested by the Sponsor as a result of an audit to cure deficiencies in the trial documentation 
and worksheets/case report forms.
The investigator must maintain copies of all documentation and records relating to the 
conduct of the trial in compliance with all applicable legal and regulatory requirements.  This 
documentation includes, but is not limited to, the protocol, worksheets/case report forms, 
advertising for subject participation, adverse event reports, subject source data, 
correspondence with regulatory authorities and IRBs/ERCs, consent forms, investigator’s 
curricula vitae, monitor visit logs, laboratory reference ranges, laboratory certification or 
quality control procedures and laboratory director curriculum vitae.  By signing this protocol, 
the investigator agrees that documentation shall be retained until at least 2 years after the last 
approval of a marketing application in an ICH region or until there are no pending or 
contemplated marketing applications in an ICH region or until at least 2 years have elapsed 
since the formal discontinuation of clinical development of the investigational product.  
Because the clinical development and marketing application process is variable, it is 
anticipated that the retention period can be up to 15 years or longer after protocol database 
lock. The Sponsor will determine the minimum retention period and notify the investigator 
when documents may be destroyed.  The Sponsor will determine the minimum retention 
period and upon request, will provide guidance to the investigator when documents no longer 
need to be retained.  The sponsor also recognizes that documents may need to be retained for 
a longer period if required by local regulatory requirements. All trial documents shall be 
made available if required by relevant regulatory authorities. The investigator must consult 
with and obtain written approval by the Sponsor prior to destroying trial and/or subject files.  
ICH Good Clinical Practice guidelines recommend that the investigator inform the subject’s 
primary physician about the subject’s participation in the trial if the subject has a primary 
physician and if the subject agrees to the primary physician being informed.


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The investigator will promptly inform the Sponsor of any regulatory authority inspection 
conducted for this trial.
Persons debarred from conducting or working on clinical trials by any court or regulatory 
authority will not be allowed to conduct or work on this Sponsor’s trials.  The investigator 
will immediately disclose in writing to the Sponsor if any person who is involved in 
conducting the trial is debarred or if any proceeding for debarment is pending or, to the best 
of the investigator’s knowledge, threatened.
In the event the Sponsor prematurely terminates a particular trial site, the Sponsor will 
promptly notify that trial site’s IRB/IEC.
According to European legislation, a Sponsor must designate an overall coordinating 
investigator for a multi-center trial (including multinational).  When more than one trial site 
is open in an EU country, Merck, as the Sponsor, will designate, per country, a national 
principal coordinator (Protocol CI), responsible for coordinating the work of the principal 
investigators at the different trial sites in that Member State, according to national 
regulations.  For a single-center trial, the Protocol CI is the principal investigator.  In 
addition, the Sponsor must designate a principal or coordinating investigator to review the 
trial report that summarizes the trial results and confirm that, to the best of his/her 
knowledge, the report accurately describes the conduct and results of the trial [Clinical Study 
Report (CSR) CI].  The Sponsor may consider one or more factors in the selection of the 
individual to serve as the Protocol CI and or CSR CI (e.g., availability of the CI during the 
anticipated review process, thorough understanding of clinical trial methods, appropriate 
enrollment of subject cohort, timely achievement of trial milestones).  The Protocol CI must 
be a participating trial investigator.
Compliance with Trial Registration and Results Posting Requirements
10.4
Under the terms of the Food and Drug Administration Modernization Act (FDAMA) and the 
Food and Drug Administration Amendments Act (FDAAA), the Sponsor of the trial is solely 
responsible for determining whether the trial and its results are subject to the requirements 
for submission to the Clinical Trials Data Bank, http://www.clinicaltrials.gov.  Merck, as 
Sponsor of this trial, will review this protocol and submit the information necessary to fulfill 
these requirements.  Merck entries are not limited to FDAMA/FDAAA mandated trials. 
Information posted will allow subjects to identify potentially appropriate trials for their 
disease conditions and pursue participation by calling a central contact number for further 
information on appropriate trial locations and trial site contact information.    
By signing this protocol, the investigator acknowledges that the statutory obligations under 
FDAMA/FDAAA are that of the Sponsor and agrees not to submit any information about this 
trial or its results to the Clinical Trials Data Bank.


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Quality Management System
10.5
By signing this protocol, the Sponsor agrees to be responsible for implementing and 
maintaining a quality management system with written development procedures and 
functional area standard operating procedures (SOPs) to ensure that trials are conducted and 
data are generated, documented, and reported in compliance with the protocol, accepted 
standards of Good Clinical Practice, and all applicable federal, state, and local laws, rules and 
regulations relating to the conduct of the clinical trial.
Data Management
10.6
The investigator or qualified designee is responsible for recording and verifying the accuracy 
of subject data.  By signing this protocol, the investigator acknowledges that his/her 
electronic signature is the legally binding equivalent of a written signature.  By entering 
his/her electronic signature, the investigator confirms that all recorded data have been 
verified as accurate.
Detailed information regarding Data Management procedures for this protocol will be 
provided separately.
Publications
10.7
This trial is intended for publication, even if terminated prematurely. Publication may include 
any or all of the following: posting of a synopsis online, abstract and/or presentation at a 
scientific conference, or publication of a full manuscript.  The Sponsor will work with the 
authors to submit a manuscript describing trial results within 12 months after the last data 
become available, which may take up to several months after the last subject visit in some 
cases such as vaccine trials.  However, manuscript submission timelines may be extended on 
OTC trials.  For trials intended for pediatric-related regulatory filings, the investigator agrees 
to delay publication of the trial results until the Sponsor notifies the investigator that all 
relevant regulatory authority decisions on the trial drug have been made with regard to 
pediatric-related regulatory filings. Merck will post a synopsis of trial results for approved 
products on www.clinicaltrials.gov by 12 months after the last subject's last visit for the 
primary outcome, 12 months after the decision to discontinue development, or product 
marketing (dispensed, administered, delivered or promoted), whichever is later.
These timelines may be extended for products that are not yet marketed, if additional time is 
needed for analysis, to protect intellectual property, or to comply with confidentiality 
agreements with other parties.  Authors of the primary results manuscript will be provided 
the complete results from the Clinical Study Report, subject to the confidentiality agreement. 
When a manuscript is submitted to a biomedical journal, the Sponsor's policy is to also 
include the protocol and statistical analysis plan to facilitate the peer and editorial review of 
the manuscript.  If the manuscript is subsequently accepted for publication, the Sponsor will 
allow the journal, if it so desires, to post on its website the key sections of the protocol that 
are relevant to evaluating the trial, specifically those sections describing the trial objectives 
and hypotheses, the subject inclusion and exclusion criteria, the trial design and procedures, 


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the efficacy and safety measures, the statistical analysis plan, and any amendments relating to 
those sections.  The Sponsor reserves the right to redact proprietary information.
For multicenter trials, subsequent to the multicenter publication (or after public disclosure of 
the results online at www.clinicaltrials.gov if a multicenter manuscript is not planned), an 
investigator and his/her colleagues may publish their data independently.  In most cases, 
publication of individual trial site data does not add value to complete multicenter results, 
due to statistical concerns.  In rare cases, publication of single trial site data prior to the main 
paper may be of value.  Limitations of single trial site observations in a multicenter trial 
should always be described in such a manuscript.
Authorship credit should be based on 1) substantial contributions to conception and design, 
or acquisition of data, or analysis and interpretation of data; 2) drafting the article or revising 
it critically for important intellectual content; and 3) final approval of the version to be 
published. Authors must meet conditions 1, 2 and 3.  Significant contributions to trial 
execution may also be taken into account to determine authorship, provided that 
contributions have also been made to all three of the preceding authorship criteria.  Although 
publication planning may begin before conducting the trial, final decisions on authorship and 
the order of authors’ names will be made based on participation and actual contributions to 
the trial and writing, as discussed above. The first author is responsible for defending the 
integrity of the data, method(s) of data analysis and the scientific content of the manuscript.
The Sponsor must have the opportunity to review all proposed abstracts, manuscripts or 
presentations regarding this trial 45 days prior to submission for publication/presentation. 
Any information identified by the Sponsor as confidential must be deleted prior to 
submission; this confidentiality does not include efficacy and safety results. Sponsor review 
can be expedited to meet publication timelines.
11.0 LIST OF REFERENCES
No references listed.


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12.0 APPENDICES
Merck Code of Conduct for Clinical Trials
12.1
Merck*
Code of Conduct for Clinical Trials
I.
Introduction
A. Purpose
Merck, through its subsidiaries, conducts clinical trials worldwide to evaluate the safety and effectiveness of our 
products. As such, we are committed to designing, implementing, conducting, analyzing and reporting these trials in 
compliance with the highest ethical and scientific standards. Protection of subject safety is the overriding concern in 
the design of clinical trials. In all cases, Merck clinical trials will be conducted in compliance with local and/or 
national regulations and in accordance with the ethical principles that have their origin in the Declaration of Helsinki. 
B. Scope
Such standards shall be endorsed for all clinical interventional investigations sponsored by Merck irrespective of the 
party (parties) employed for their execution (e.g., contract research organizations, collaborative research efforts). This 
Code is not intended to apply to trials which are observational in nature, or which are retrospective. Further, this Code 
does not apply to investigator-initiated trials which are not under the control of Merck.
II. Scientific Issues
A. Trial Conduct
1. Trial Design
Except for pilot or estimation trials, clinical trial protocols will be hypothesis-driven to assess safety, efficacy 
and/or pharmacokinetic or pharmacodynamic indices of Merck or comparator products.  Alternatively, Merck may 
conduct outcomes research trials, trials to assess or validate various endpoint measures, or trials to determine 
subject preferences, etc.  
The design (i.e., subject population, duration, statistical power) must be adequate to address the specific purpose 
of the trial.  Research subjects must meet protocol entry criteria to be enrolled in the trial. 
2. Site Selection
Merck selects investigative sites based on medical expertise, access to appropriate subjects, adequacy of facilities 
and staff, previous performance in Merck trials, as well as budgetary considerations.  Prior to trial initiation, sites 
are evaluated by Merck personnel to assess the ability to successfully conduct the trial.
3. Site Monitoring/Scientific Integrity
Trial sites are monitored to assess compliance with the trial protocol and general principles of Good Clinical 
Practice.  Merck reviews clinical data for accuracy, completeness and consistency. Data are verified versus source 
documentation according to standard operating procedures.  Per Merck policies and procedures, if fraud, 
misconduct or serious GCP-non-Compliance are suspected, the issues are promptly investigated. When necessary, 
the clinical site will be closed, the responsible regulatory authorities and ethics review committees notified and
data disclosed accordingly. 
B. Publication and Authorship
To the extent scientifically appropriate, Merck seeks to publish the results of trials it conducts.  Some early phase or 
pilot trials are intended to be hypothesis-generating rather than hypothesis testing.  In such cases, publication of 
results may not be appropriate since the trial may be underpowered and the analyses complicated by statistical issues 
of multiplicity.
Merck’s policy on authorship is consistent with the requirements outlined in the ICH-Good Clinical Practice 
guidelines. In summary, authorship should reflect significant contribution to the design and conduct of the trial, 
performance or interpretation of the analysis, and/or writing of the manuscript.  All named authors must be able to 
defend the trial results and conclusions.  Merck funding of a trial will be acknowledged in publications. 


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III. Subject Protection
A. IRB/ERC review
All clinical trials will be reviewed and approved by an independent IRB/ERC before being initiated at each site.  
Significant changes or revisions to the protocol will be approved by the IRB/ERC prior to implementation, except that 
changes required urgently to protect subject safety and well-being may be enacted in anticipation of IRB/ERC 
approval. For each site, the IRB/ERC and Merck will approve the subject informed consent form. 
B. Safety
The guiding principle in decision-making in clinical trials is that subject welfare is of primary importance.  Potential 
subjects will be informed of the risks and benefits of, as well as alternatives to, trial participation. At a minimum, trial
designs will take into account the local standard of care.  Subjects are never denied access to appropriate medical care 
based on participation in a Merck clinical trial. 
All participation in Merck clinical trials is voluntary.  Subjects are enrolled only after providing informed consent for 
participation.  Subjects may withdraw from a Merck trial at any time, without any influence on their access to, or 
receipt of, medical care that may otherwise be available to them.
C. Confidentiality
Merck is committed to safeguarding subject confidentiality, to the greatest extent possible.  Unless required by law, 
only the investigator, sponsor (or representative) and/or regulatory authorities will have access to confidential medical 
records that might identify the research subject by name.  
D. Genomic Research
Genomic Research will only be conducted in accordance with informed consent and/or as specifically authorized by 
an Ethics Committee.
IV. Financial Considerations
A. Payments to Investigators
Clinical trials are time- and labor-intensive.  It is Merck’s policy to compensate investigators (or the sponsoring 
institution) in a fair manner for the work performed in support of Merck trials.   Merck does not pay incentives to 
enroll subjects in its trials.  However, when enrollment is particularly challenging, additional payments may be made 
to compensate for the time spent in extra recruiting efforts.
Merck does not pay for subject referrals.  However, Merck may compensate referring physicians for time spent on 
chart review to identify potentially eligible subjects.
B. Clinical Research Funding 
Informed consent forms will disclose that the trial is sponsored by Merck, and that the investigator or sponsoring 
institution is being paid or provided a grant for performing the trial.  However, the local IRB/ERC may wish to alter 
the wording of the disclosure statement to be consistent with financial practices at that institution.  As noted above, 
publications resulting from Merck trials will indicate Merck as a source of funding.
C. Funding for Travel and Other Requests
Funding of travel by investigators and support staff (e.g., to scientific meetings, investigator meetings, etc.) will be 
consistent with local guidelines and practices including, in the U.S., those established by the American Medical 
Association (AMA). 
V. Investigator Commitment
Investigators will be expected to review Merck’s Code of Conduct as an appendix to the trial protocol, and in signing 
the protocol, agree to support these ethical and scientific standards.
* In this document, "Merck" refers to Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp. and Schering Corporation, each of which is a 
subsidiary of Merck & Co., Inc.  Merck is known as MSD outside of the United States and Canada.  As warranted by 
context, Merck also includes affiliates and subsidiaries of Merck & Co., Inc."


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Collection and Management of Specimens for Future Biomedical Research
12.2
1. Definitions
a.
Biomarker:  A biological molecule found in blood, other body fluids, or tissues that is 
a sign of a normal or abnormal process or of a condition or disease.  A biomarker may 
be used to see how well the body responds to a treatment for a disease or condition.1
b. Pharmacogenomics:  The investigation of variations of DNA and RNA characteristics 
as related to drug/vaccine response.2
c.
Pharmacogenetics:  A subset of pharmacogenomics, pharmacogenetics is the 
influence of variations in DNA sequence on drug/vaccine response.2
d. DNA:  Deoxyribonucleic acid.
e.
RNA:  Ribonucleic acid.
2. Scope of Future Biomedical Research
The DNA and leftover plasma specimen(s) collected in the current trial will be used to 
study various causes for how subjects may respond to a drug/vaccine.  The DNA and
leftover plasma specimen(s) will be stored to provide a resource for future trials 
conducted by Merck focused on the study of biomarkers responsible for how a 
drug/vaccine enters and is removed by the body, how a drug/vaccine works, other 
pathways a drug/vaccine may interact with, or other aspects of disease.  The specimen(s) 
may be used for future assay development and/or drug/vaccine development.
It is now well recognized that information obtained from studying and testing clinical 
specimens offers unique opportunities to enhance our understanding of how individuals 
respond to drugs/vaccines, enhance our understanding of human disease and ultimately 
improve public health through development of novel treatments targeted to populations 
with the greatest need.  All specimens will be used by Merck or designees and research 
will be monitored and reviewed by a committee of our scientists and clinicians.
3. Summary of Procedures for Future Biomedical Research
a.
Subjects for Enrollment
All subjects enrolled in the clinical trial will be considered for enrollment in the 
Future Biomedical Research sub-trial.
b. Informed Consent
Informed consent for specimens (i.e., DNA, RNA, protein, etc.) will be obtained 
during screening for protocol enrollment from all subjects, at a trial visit by the 
investigator or his or her designate.  Informed consent for Future Biomedical 
Research should be presented to the subjects on Visit 1.  If delayed, present consent at 
next possible Subject Visit. Informed consent must be obtained prior to collection of 
all Future Biomedical Research specimens.  Consent forms signed by the subject will 
be kept at the clinical trial site under secure storage for regulatory reasons.  
Information contained on the consent form alone cannot be traced to any specimens, 


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test results, or medical information once the specimens have been rendered de-
identified.
A template of each trial site’s approved informed consent will be stored in the 
Sponsor’s clinical document repository.  Each consent will be assessed for 
appropriate specimen permissions.  
Each informed consent approved by an ethics committee is assigned a unique tracking 
number.  The tracking number on this document will be used to assign specimen 
permissions for each specimen into the Entrusted Keyholder’s Specimen Database.
c.
eCRF Documentation for Future Biomedical Research Specimens
Documentation of both consent and acquisition of Future Biomedical Research 
specimens will be captured in the electronic Case Report Forms (eCRFs).  
Reconciliation of both forms will be performed to assure that only appropriately-
consented specimens are used for this sub-trial's research purposes. Any specimens 
for which such an informed consent cannot be verified will be destroyed.
d. Future Biomedical Research Specimen Collections
Blood specimens for DNA or RNA isolation will usually be obtained at a time when 
the subject is having blood drawn for other trial purposes. Specimens like tissue and 
bone marrow will usually be obtained at a time when the subject is having such a 
procedure for clinical purposes.
Specimens will be collected and sent to the laboratory designated for the trial where 
they will be processed (e.g., DNA or RNA extraction, etc) following the Merck 
approved policies and procedures for specimen handling and preparation.
If specimens are collected for a specific genotype or expression analysis as an 
objective to the main trial, this analysis is detailed in the main body of this protocol 
(Section 8.0 – Statistical Analysis Plan).  These specimens will be processed, 
analyzed, and the remainder of the specimen will be destroyed.  The results of these 
analyses will be reported along with the other trial results.  A separate specimen will 
be obtained from properly-consented subjects in this protocol for storage in the 
biorepository for Future Biomedical Research.
4. Confidential Subject Information for Future Biomedical Research 
In order to optimize the research that can be conducted with Future Biomedical Research 
specimens, it is critical to link subject' clinical information with future test results. In fact 
little or no research can be conducted without connecting the clinical trial data to the 
specimen. The clinical data allow specific analyses to be conducted. Knowing subject 
characteristics like gender, age, medical history and treatment outcomes are critical to 
understanding clinical context of analytical results.
To maintain privacy of information collected from specimens obtained for Future 
Biomedical Research, Merck has developed secure policies and procedures.  All 
specimens will be de-identified as described below. 


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At the clinical trial site, unique codes will be placed on the Future Biomedical Research 
specimens for transfer to the storage facility.  This first code is a random number which 
does not contain any personally identifying information embedded within it. The link (or 
key) between subject identifiers and this first unique code will be held at the trial site.  No 
personal identifiers will appear on the specimen tube.  
This first code will be replaced with a second code at a Merck designated storage/lab 
facility.  The second code is linked to the first code via a second key. The specimen is 
now double coded.  Specimens with the second code are sometimes referred to as de-
identified specimens. The use of the second code provides additional confidentiality and 
privacy protection for subjects over the use of a single code.  Access to both keys would 
be needed to link any data or specimens back to the subject's identification.
The second code is stored separately from the first code and all associated personal 
specimen identifiers.  A secure link, the second key, will be utilized to match the second 
code to the first code to allow clinical information collected during the course of the trial 
to be associated with the specimen.  This second key will be transferred under secure 
procedures by the Merck designated facility to an Entrusted Keyholder at Merck.  The 
second code will be logged into the primary biorepository database at Merck and, in this 
database, this identifier will not have identifying demographic data or identifying clinical 
information (i.e., race, sex, age, diagnosis, lab values) associated with it. The specimen 
will be stored in a designated biorepository site with secure policies and procedures for 
specimen storage and usage.
The second key can be utilized to reconstruct the link between the results of future 
biomedical research and the clinical information, at the time of analysis.  This linkage 
would not be possible for the scientist conducting the analysis, but can only be done by 
the Merck Entrusted Keyholder under strict security policies and procedures.  The Merck 
Entrusted Keyholder will link the information and then issue a de-identified data set for 
analysis.  The only other circumstance by which future biomedical research data would 
be directly linked to the full clinical data set would be those situations mandated by 
regulatory authorities (e.g., EMEA, FDA), whereby this information would be directly 
transferred to the regulatory authority.
5. Biorepository Specimen Usage
Specimens obtained for the Merck Biorepository will be used for analyses using good 
scientific practices.  However, exploratory analyses will not be conducted under the 
highly validated conditions usually associated with regulatory approval of diagnostics.  
The scope of research performed on these specimens is limited to the investigation of the 
variability in biomarkers that may correlate with a clinical phenotype in subjects.
Analyses utilizing the Future Biomedical Research specimens may be performed by 
Merck, or an additional third party (e.g., a university investigator) designated by Merck.  
The investigator conducting the analysis will be provided with double coded specimens.  
Re-association of analysis results with corresponding clinical data will only be conducted 
by the Merck Entrusted Keyholder.  Any contracted third party analyses will conform to 
the specific scope of analysis outlined in this sub-trial.  Future Biomedical Research 
specimens remaining with the third party after the specific analysis is performed will be 


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returned to the sponsor or destroyed and documentation of destruction will be reported to 
Merck.
6. Withdrawal From Future Biomedical Research 
Subjects may withdraw their consent for Future Biomedical Research and have their 
specimens and all derivatives destroyed.   Subjects may withdraw consent at any time by 
contacting the principal investigator for the main trial.  If medical records for the main 
trial are still available, the investigator will contact Merck using the designated mailbox 
(
 and a form will be provided by Merck to 
obtain appropriate information to complete specimen withdrawal.  Subsequently, the 
subject's specimens will be removed from the biorepository and be destroyed. A letter 
will be sent from Merck to the investigator confirming the destruction. It is the 
responsibility of the investigator to inform the subject of completion of destruction.  Any 
analyses in progress at the time of request for destruction or already performed prior to 
the request being received by the Sponsor will continue to be used as part of the overall 
research trial data and results. No new analyses would be generated after the request is 
received.
In the event that the medical records for the main trial are no longer available (e.g., if the 
investigator is no longer required by regulatory authorities to retain the main trial 
records) or the specimens have been completely anonymized, there will no longer be a 
link between the subject’s personal information and their specimens. In this situation, the 
request for specimen destruction can not be processed. 
7. Retention of Specimens 
Future Biomedical Research specimens will be stored in the biorepository for potential 
analysis for up to 20 years from acquisition.  Specimens may be stored for longer if a 
regulatory or governmental authority has active questions that are being answered.  In 
this special circumstance, specimens will be stored until these questions have been 
adequately addressed.
Specimens from the trial site will be shipped to a central laboratory and then shipped to 
the Merck designated biorepository.  The specimens will be stored under strict 
supervision in a limited access facility which operates to assure the integrity of the 
specimens.  Specimens will be destroyed according to Merck policies and procedures and 
this destruction will be documented in the biorepository database.
8. Data Security
Separate databases for specimen information and for results from the Future Biomedical 
Research sub-trial will be maintained by Merck.  This is done to separate the future 
exploratory test results (which include genetic data) from the clinical trial database 
thereby maintaining a separation of subject number and these results.  The separate 
databases are accessible only to the authorized Sponsor and the designated trial 
administrator research personnel and/or collaborators.  Database user authentication is 
highly secure, and is accomplished using network security policies and practices based in 
international standards (e.g., ISO17799) to protect against unauthorized access.  The 
Merck Entrusted Keyholder maintains control over access to all specimen data.  These 
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data are collected for future biomedical research purposes only as specified in this sub-
trial will not be used for any other purpose.
9. Reporting of Future Biomedical Research Data to Subjects
There is no definitive requirement in either authoritative ethical guidelines or in relevant 
laws/regulations globally that research results have to be, in all circumstances, returned to 
the trial participant.  Some guidelines advocate a proactive return of data in certain 
instances.  No information obtained from exploratory laboratory studies will be reported 
to the subject or family, and this information will not be entered into the clinical database 
maintained by Merck on subjects.  Principle reasons not to inform or return results to the 
subject include: lack of relevance to subject health, limitations of predictive capability, 
concerns of misinterpretation and absence of good clinical practice standards in 
exploratory research typically used for diagnostic testing.
If any exploratory results are definitively associated with clinical significance for subjects 
while the clinical trial is still ongoing, investigators will be contacted with information as 
to how to offer clinical diagnostic  testing (paid for by Merck) to subjects enrolled and 
will be advised that counseling should be made available for all who choose to participate 
in this diagnostic testing. 
If any exploratory results are definitively associated with clinical significance after 
completion of a clinical trial, Merck will publish the results without revealing specific 
subject information, inform all trial sites who participated in the Merck clinical trial and 
post anonymized results on our website or other accredited website(s) that allow for 
public access (e.g., disease societies who have primary interest in the results) in order that 
physicians and patients may pursue clinical diagnostic testing if they wish to do so.
10. Gender, Ethnicity and Minorities
Although many diagnoses differ in terms of frequency by ethnic population and gender, 
every effort will be made to recruit all subjects diagnosed and treated on Merck clinical 
trials for future biomedical research.  When trials with specimens are conducted and 
subjects identified to serve as controls, every effort will be made to group specimens 
from subjects and controls to represent the ethnic and gender population representative of 
the disease under current investigation.
11. Risks Versus Benefits of Future Biomedical Research 
For future biomedical research, risks to the subject have been minimized. Risks include 
those associated with venipuncture to obtain the whole blood specimen.  This specimen 
will be obtained at the time of routine blood specimens drawn in the main trial. 
Merck has developed strict security, policies and procedures to address subject data 
privacy concerns.  Data privacy risks are largely limited to rare situations involving 
possible breach of confidentiality.  In this highly unlikely situation there is risk that the 
information, like all medical information, may be misused.
It is necessary for subject-related data (i.e., ethnicity, diagnosis, drug therapy and dosage, 
age, toxicities, etc.) to be re-associated to double coded specimens at the time of data 
analysis.  These subject data will be kept in a separate, secure Merck database, and all 


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specimens will be stripped of subject identifiers.  No information concerning results 
obtained from future biomedical research will be entered into clinical records, nor will it 
be released to outside persons or agencies, in any way that could be tied to an individual 
subject.
12. Self-Reported Ethnicity
Subjects who participate in future biomedical research will be asked to provide self-
reported ethnicity.  Subjects who do not wish to provide this data may still participate in 
future biomedical research.
13. Questions
Any questions related to the future biomedical research should be e-mailed directly to 
14. References
1. National Cancer Institute: http://www.cancer.gov/dictionary/?searchTxt=biomarker
2. International Conference on Harmonization: DEFINITIONS FOR GENOMIC 
BIOMARKERS, PHARMACOGENOMICS, PHARMACOGENETICS, GENOMIC 
DATA 
AND 
SAMPLE 
CODING 
CATEGORIES 
-
E15; 
http://www.ich.org/LOB/media/MEDIA3383.pdf
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Understanding the Intent, Scope and Public Health Benefits of Exploratory Biomarker Research: A Guide for 
12.3
IRBs/IECs and Investigational Site Staff


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Division of AIDS Table for Grading Severity of Adult and Pediatric Adverse
12.5


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13.0 SIGNATURES
Sponsor's Representative
13.1
TYPED NAME
TITLE
SIGNATURE
DATE SIGNED
Investigator
13.2
I agree to conduct this clinical trial in accordance with the design outlined in this protocol 
and to abide by all provisions of this protocol (including other manuals and documents 
referenced from this protocol).  I agree to conduct the trial in accordance with generally 
accepted standards of Good Clinical Practice.  I also agree to report all information or data in 
accordance with the protocol and, in particular, I agree to report any serious adverse events 
as defined in Section 7.0 – Assessing and Recording Adverse Events.  I also agree to handle 
all clinical supplies provided by the Sponsor and collect and handle all clinical specimens in 
accordance with the protocol.  I understand that information that identifies me will be used 
and disclosed as described in the protocol, and that such information may be transferred to 
countries that do not have laws protecting such information.  Since the information in this 
protocol and the referenced Investigator’s Brochure is confidential, I understand that its 
disclosure to any third parties, other than those involved in approval, supervision, or conduct 
of the trial is prohibited.  I will ensure that the necessary precautions are taken to protect such 
information from loss, inadvertent disclosure or access by third parties.
TYPED NAME
TITLE
SIGNATURE
DATE SIGNED