Conditions: Anesthesia
Keywords: Ketamine Propofol Children Pediatrics Upper endoscopy
Allocation: RANDOMIZED | Intervention model: PARALLEL
Enrollment: 56
Healthy volunteers: no

Brief summary:
The purpose of this study is to examine the dose-response relationship of ketamine in combination with propofol.

Detailed description:
Direct visualization of the esophagus, stomach and small intestine is performed using a scope that is inserted while the patient is under under deep sedation or general anesthesia. The most common method of providing general anesthesia for upper endoscopy is intravenous administration of medications such as propofol, often in combination with other medications such as fentanyl, midazolam, remifentanil or ketamine. One study found that the combination of propofol and ketamine provides better conditions (less patient movement, more stable heart and breathing) but more side effects afterwards compared to propofol and fentanyl.

Arms:
arm 1: Ketamine dose will be 0 mg/kg. Propofol dose for the first patient will be 4 mg/kg. Doses for the subsequent patients will increase or decrease by 1.6 mg/kg using the Dixon Up and Down method. arm 2: Ketamine dose will be 0.25 mg/kg. Propofol dose for the first patient will be 3 mg/kg. Doses for the subsequent patients will increase or decrease by 1.2 mg/kg using the Dixon Up and Down method. arm 3: Ketamine dose will be 0.5 mg/kg. Propofol dose for the first patient will be 2.5 mg/kg. Doses for the subsequent patients will increase or decrease by 0.8 mg/kg using the Dixon Up and Down method. arm 4: Ketamine dose will be 1.0 mg/kg. Propofol dose for the first patient will be 2 mg/kg. Doses for the subsequent patients will increase or decrease by 0.4 mg/kg using the Dixon Up and Down method.

Interventions: intervention 1: Ketamine intervention 2: Propofol
Intervention descriptions: intervention 1: None intervention 2: None

Protocol document: