Conditions: Pain Morphine Adverse Reaction
Keywords: Post-cesarean analgesia Second dose of epidural morphine after surgery Post-operative analgesia Self-administered epidural morphine Pain management after cesarean
Allocation: RANDOMIZED | Intervention model: PARALLEL
Enrollment: 5
Healthy volunteers: no

Brief summary:
The investigators aim to assess the analgesic effect of a two-dose epidural morphine regimen for 2nd day post-cesarean pain, as part of a multimodal analgesia regimen, which includes scheduled Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). The investigators hypothesize that administration of a second dose of epidural morphine 3 mg, 24 hours after an initial intraoperative dose, will provide superior post-cesarean analgesia during the 2nd 24 hours after surgery, compared to a single epidural morphine dose regimen. The primary outcome will be the amount of intravenous morphine patients self-administer during the 2nd 24 hours post-surgery.

Detailed description:
This will be a randomized, double-blinded placebo-controlled study. In this study, women who underwent cesarean section with epidural anesthesia will receive 3 mg of epidural morphine intraoperatively, and have the epidural catheter left in place. Patients will be randomized to receive either epidural saline or epidural morphine 3 mg at 18 - 24 hours after the first dose of epidural morphine, following which the epidural catheter will be removed. It is standard of care at our institution for women undergoing cesarean section with epidural anesthesia to receive epidural morphine 3 mg. What is not typically carried out is to give a second dose of epidural morphine 3mg.

The randomization will be carried out by a computerized block randomization table; the proportion for the 2 groups will be 1:1. The primary outcome will be the amount of intravenous morphine patients self-administer in the second 24 hours after surgery. Secondary outcomes will include pain scores every 6 hours, satisfaction with analgesia, side effects (itching, nausea/vomiting).

Arms:
arm 1: Group receiving 3mg epidural morphine, 24 hours after the initial dose arm 2: Group receiving epidural saline 6ml, 24 hours after receiving epidural morphine 3mg.

Interventions: intervention 1: Epidural Morphine intervention 2: Epidural Saline
Intervention descriptions: intervention 1: Patients will be given 3mg epidural morphine, 24 hours after the initial dose. intervention 2: Patients will be given epidural saline 6ml, 24 hours after receiving epidural morphine 3 mg.

Protocol document: