Conditions: End-stage Renal Failure Graft Rejection
Keywords: Kidney transplant Rejection Adherence Quality of life
Allocation: RANDOMIZED | Intervention model: PARALLEL
Enrollment: 102
Healthy volunteers: no

Brief summary:
The current anti-rejection drug regime for kidney transplant recipients in use at the West London Renal \& Transplant Centre (WLRaTC) consists of induction therapy with the very potent monoclonal antibody Campath 1-H (Alemtuzumab) followed by long-term maintenance with the Calcineurin inhibitor Tacrolimus

The recent development (and licensing in the UK) of an extended-release, once daily formulation of Tacrolimus holds out the promise of simpler drug regimes for our patients. In the context of our current successful use of Tacrolimus monotherapy maintenance after Campath 1-H induction, the extended-release Tacrolimus formulation will enable us to offer a regime where the only long-term immunosuppressive treatment that most of our patients need will be a single drug, taken once a day.

The investigators wish to assess the efficacy of such a regime in a structured comparison with our current protocol.

Detailed description:
1. Purpose of Study:

   The current immunosuppressive regime used as anti-rejection therapy after kidney transplantation in the West London Renal \& Transplant Centre at Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust consists of induction therapy with Campath 1-H(Alemtuzumab) and a 1 week course of steroids followed by maintenance mono-therapy with standard-release (twice daily) Tacrolimus (Prograf). This study is designed to compare the costs and outcomes of this regime with one in which extended-release (once daily) Tacrolimus (Advagraf) is used in place of the standard-release Tacrolimus.
2. Study Type: Phase IV
3. Study Design: Prospective, randomised, controlled, open study. Patients will be randomized 1:1 between the standard and extended-release Tacrolimus arms.

   Study entry will be stratified by live donor vs deceased donor transplants. The total recruitment target is 100 patients (50 standard release/50 extended release).
4. Study Description:

Patients will be randomised to receive either Prograf or Advagraf prior to transplantation.

Other than through the taking of extra blood samples at the time of routine clinical visits, participants will receive identical in-patient and out-patient management to patients undergoing kidney transplantation under our standard protocol.

Patients in the study will be asked to complete a short Health-Related Quality of Life questionnaire (SF-36) before transplantation and at 1 year post transplant. They will also be asked to complete a Medication Adherence Rating Score at 3, 6, and 12 months post-transplant.

Arms:
arm 1: Transplant maintenance immunosuppression with Prolonged-release Tacrolimus monotherapy arm 2: Transplant maintenance immunosuppression with Standard-release Tacrolimus monotherapy

Interventions: intervention 1: Tacrolimus (Kidney transplant maintenance immunosuppression) intervention 2: Kidney transplant maintenance immunosuppression
Intervention descriptions: intervention 1: Standard-release Tacrolimus 1 to 20mg daily in two divided doses to maintain trough drug levels 6-9ng/ml intervention 2: Prolonged-release Tacrolimus 1 to 20mg daily in a single am dose adjusted to trough drug levels 6-9ng/ml

Protocol document: