Conditions: Posterior Knee Infiltration
Keywords: Infiltration between popliteal artery and capsule of knee (iPACK)
Allocation: RANDOMIZED | Intervention model: PARALLEL
Enrollment: 80
Healthy volunteers: no

Brief summary:
To assess pain control after total knee replacement surgery using two different nerve block techniques. The 2 methods are:

1. Continuous femoral nerve block with ultrasound guided posterior capsular injection
2. Continuous femoral nerve block with ultrasound selective tibial nerve block.

Detailed description:
Patients undergoing total knee replacement surgery experience severe post-operative pain. Continuous femoral nerve block combined with selective tibial nerve block provides optimal pain control in the anterior and posterior aspect of the knee respectively. However, in patients with pre-existing neuropathy of the sciatic nerve, the blockade of tibial nerve is contraindicated because of increased risk of nerve damage that may lead to exacerbation of neurologic symptoms. In such patients where selective tibial nerve block cannot be offered, ultrasound guided posterior knee capsular injection may be an alternative technique for controlling posterior knee pain after surgery. Posterior capsular injection by surgeons intraoperatively, when combined with femoral nerve block has been shown to provide pain control after total knee replacement. With posterior capsular injection, the main trunk of the tibial nerve is spared and only the terminal nerve endings innervating the posterior knee joint is blocked providing effective pain control. In this study, the efficacy of ultrasound guided posterior capsular injections performed pre-operatively will be compared to tibial nerve block in controlling knee pain after surgery.

The results of this study may help establish the efficacy of ultrasound guided posterior capsular injection as an alternative to tibial nerve block in patients undergoing total knee arthroplasty.

Arms:
arm 1: Ultrasound guided posterior capsular injection of ropivacaine with epinephrine arm 2: Ultrasound selective tibial nerve block of ropivacaine

Interventions: intervention 1: Ropivacaine with Epinephrine intervention 2: Ropivacaine
Intervention descriptions: intervention 1: Posterior capsular injection - ultrasound guided infiltration of Ropivacaine with Epinephrine between popliteal artery and capsule of knee above the femoral condyles intervention 2: Tibial nerve block - ultrasound selective Ropivacaine tibial nerve block in the popliteal fossa

Protocol document: