Conditions: Schizophrenia
Keywords: Schizoaffective Disorder, Depressed Type Schizophreniform Disorder First-Episode Schizophrenia Supported Employment Cognitive Remediation Health Behavior Training Antipsychotic Medication
Allocation: RANDOMIZED | Intervention model: PARALLEL
Enrollment: 92
Healthy volunteers: yes

Brief summary:
This study will determine the effectiveness of various combinations of psychosocial therapy and risperidone treatment in improving work or school performance in people with first-episode schizophrenia.

Detailed description:
Schizophrenia is a chronic, severe, and disabling brain disorder. People with schizophrenia often experience hallucinations, delusions, thought disorders, and movement disorders. These symptoms make it difficult to maintain a job, participate in school, and keep up self-care. Proper treatment of first-episode schizophrenia may increase the chances of controlling disease progression on a long-term basis. Antipsychotic medications, such as risperidone, and psychosocial treatments, such as cognitive enhancement training and health behavior training, are common, effective treatments for schizophrenia. This study will determine the effectiveness of various combinations of psychosocial therapy and risperidone treatment in improving work or school performance in people with first-episode schizophrenia.

Participants in this open label study will be randomly assigned to receive one of the following four combinations of an antipsychotic medication and a psychosocial treatment: cognitive enhancement training plus oral risperidone; cognitive enhancement training plus long-acting injectable risperidone; health behavior training plus oral risperidone; or health behavior training plus long-acting injectable risperidone. Cognitive enhancement training will entail 2 hours per week of computer-assisted training targeted at improving attention, memory, and problem-solving skills. Additionally, participants will attend a weekly 1-hour group meeting to learn how to apply these skills to work and school situations. Health behavior training will involve 3 hours per week of relaxation training, nutrition education, and physical exercise to enhance wellness. Participants assigned to receive oral risperidone will receive their medication in pill form at the dosage determined to be optimal by the study psychiatrist. Participants assigned to receive injectable risperidone will be given one injection every 2 weeks. Dosages will start at 25 mg per injection and will be adjusted as needed.

Treatment will continue for 1 year following dosage stabilization, which typically occurs 2 to 3 months following study entry. For the first 6 months, participants assigned to receive health behavior training will attend study visits once a week and participants assigned to receive cognitive enhancement training will attend study visits once a week. For the final 6 months, all participants will attend study visits twice weekly. At each visit, participants will receive their assigned psychosocial treatment; attend group therapy; meet with a case manager for counseling and assessment of symptoms, work functioning, and social functioning; and meet with a psychiatrist to monitor medication response. Additional cognitive and health behavior measures will be taken every 6 months to assess treatment effectiveness.

Arms:
arm 1: Participants will receive cognitive remediation training plus risperidone, administered via injection. arm 2: Participants will receive health behavior training plus risperidone, administered via injection. arm 3: Participants will receive cognitive remediation training plus risperidone administered orally. arm 4: Participants will receive health behavior training plus risperidone administered orally.

Interventions: intervention 1: Cognitive remediation training (CT) intervention 2: Healthy behavior training (HBT) intervention 3: Risperidone, administered orally (Oral Ris) intervention 4: Risperidone, administered via injection (RLAI)
Intervention descriptions: intervention 1: Cognitive remediation training includes computerized cognitive training plus learning skills group. intervention 2: Healthy behavior training includes group skills training in nutrition, exercise, and relaxation. intervention 3: Oral risperidone at dosage judged optimal by treating psychiatrist intervention 4: Risperidone in injectable form every 2 weeks, starting with 25 mg and adjusted as needed

Protocol document: