Conditions: Insulin Resistance Diabetes Obesity
Keywords: obesity insulin resistance type II diabetes
Allocation: RANDOMIZED | Intervention model: PARALLEL
Enrollment: 101
Healthy volunteers: yes

Brief summary:
Normally, the hormone insulin works to help keep blood sugar normal. However, as a person gains weight, insulin does not work as well and blood sugar tends to be a little higher than normal. This is called "insulin resistance".

Two investigational drugs (not approved by the Food and Drug Administration) for the treatment of high lipid levels or insulin resistance are being examined in this study: one drug is called tauroursodeoxycholic acid (TUDCA), the other is called sodium phenylbutyrate (PBA). This study is designed to test if TUDCA and/or PBA is effective in people who are obese with insulin resistance and high lipids. We hypothesize that pharmacologically-induced decreases in ER stress will improve insulin action and hepatic lipid metabolism in obese subjects.

Detailed description:
A 4-week randomized, controlled trial will be conducted to evaluate the following specific aims in obese subjects:

Determine the effect of treatment with TUDCA or PBA on:

1. Body fat distribution: a) intrahepatic triglyceride (IHTG) content, b) intramyocellular triglyceride (IMTG) content, and c) intra-abdominal fat content, assessed by using magnetic resonance spectroscopy and magnetic resonance imaging.
2. In vivo insulin sensitivity in adipose tissue (suppression of lipolysis), liver (suppression of glucose production), and skeletal muscle (stimulation of glucose uptake), assessed by using the hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp procedure in conjunction with stable isotope tracer infusion.
3. VLDL-triglyceride (TG) and VLDL-apolipoprotein-B100 (apoB-100) secretion rates, assessed by stable isotopically labeled tracer infusion methods.
4. Skeletal muscle intracellular insulin signaling, fatty acid oxidation, and markers of inflammation, assessed by evaluating skeletal muscle biopsies ex vivo.
5. Adipose tissue insulin signaling, ER stress, and inflammation, assessed by evaluating adipose tissue biopsies ex vivo.

Arms:
arm 1: Subjects will be given a placebo rather than tauroursodeoxycholic acid. arm 2: Subjects will receive tauroursodeoxycholic acid for four weeks. arm 3: Subjects will receive sodium phenylbutyrate for four weeks.

Interventions: intervention 1: tauroursodeoxycholic acid intervention 2: placebo intervention 3: sodium phenylbutyrate
Intervention descriptions: intervention 1: 1750 mg/day for four weeks. Seven pills daily, 2 with breakfast, 2 with lunch, and 3 with dinner. intervention 2: 7 pills daily for 4 weeks intervention 3: 20g/day for four weeks.

Protocol document: