Conditions: Childhood Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia in Remission Childhood Acute Myeloid Leukemia in Remission Childhood Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia Childhood Myelodysplastic Syndromes Chronic Eosinophilic Leukemia Chronic Myelomonocytic Leukemia Chronic Neutrophilic Leukemia de Novo Myelodysplastic Syndromes Disseminated Neuroblastoma Juvenile Myelomonocytic Leukemia Mucositis Myelodysplastic/Myeloproliferative Neoplasm, Unclassifiable Previously Treated Childhood Rhabdomyosarcoma Previously Treated Myelodysplastic Syndromes Recurrent Childhood Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Recurrent Childhood Acute Myeloid Leukemia Recurrent Childhood Large Cell Lymphoma Recurrent Childhood Lymphoblastic Lymphoma Recurrent Childhood Rhabdomyosarcoma Recurrent Childhood Small Noncleaved Cell Lymphoma Recurrent Malignant Testicular Germ Cell Tumor Recurrent Wilms Tumor and Other Childhood Kidney Tumors Recurrent/Refractory Childhood Hodgkin Lymphoma Relapsing Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia Secondary Acute Myeloid Leukemia Secondary Myelodysplastic Syndromes Unspecified Childhood Solid Tumor, Protocol Specific
Allocation: RANDOMIZED | Intervention model: PARALLEL
Enrollment: 226
Healthy volunteers: no

Brief summary:
This randomized phase III trial is studying how well Caphosol rinse works in preventing mucositis in young patients undergoing autologous or donor stem cell transplant. Supersaturated calcium phosphate (Caphosol) rinse may be able to prevent mucositis, or mouth sores, in patients undergoing stem cell transplant.

Detailed description:
PRIMARY OBJECTIVES:

I. To determine if topically administered supersaturated calcium phosphate (Caphosol), rinsed orally four times daily at the initiation of conditioning for hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), reduces oral mucositis as demonstrated by a decrease in duration of severe oral mucositis (World Health Organization \[WHO\] grade 3 or 4), compared to placebo.

SECONDARY OBJECTIVES:

I. To determine whether Caphosol administration, when compared to placebo, reduces oral mucositis as demonstrated by a decrease in incidence of severe oral mucositis (WHO grade 3 or 4); severity of mucositis according to mouth pain categorical rating scale and Oral Mucositis Daily Questionnaire (OMDQ); incidence, total dose, and duration of parenteral opioid analgesic use (morphine equivalents); and incidence and duration of total parenteral nutrition (TPN) administration.

II. To determine whether Caphosol administration, when compared to placebo, reduces the incidence of febrile neutropenia and invasive bacterial infections.

III. To validate a new pediatric measure of oral mucositis termed the Children's International Mucositis Evaluation Scale (ChIMES).

OUTLINE: This is a multicenter study. Patients are stratified according to conditioning regimen (total-body irradiation (TBI) or melphalan vs neither TBI nor melphalan) and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) (autologous vs allogeneic). Patients are randomized to 1 of 2 treatment arms.

ARM I: Patients rinse and gargle with supersaturated calcium phosphate rinse over 1 minute four\* times daily (QID) beginning on the first day (about day -7) of the conditioning regimen.

ARM II: Patients rinse and gargle with placebo over 1 minute QID\* beginning the first day (about day -7) of the conditioning regimen.

NOTE: \* Patients who reach WHO grade 3 or 4 mucositis have the option to request a total of 6 rinses daily.

In both arms, treatment continues until day 20 post-transplantation OR until mucositis resolves to WHO grade =\< 2 for two consecutive days OR on day 12 in patients who do not experience oral mucositis of at least WHO grade \>= 1. Patients are assessed daily by trained healthcare professionals using the Oral Mucositis Daily Questionnaire (OMDQ), the Pain Rating Scale, the WHO Mucositis Scale, and the Children's International Mucositis Evaluation Scale (ChIMES) from day -1 and continuing until day 20. Patients are also observed for the incidence of total dose and duration of parenteral opioid analgesic use, duration of total parenteral nutrition (TPN) administration, febrile neutropenia, and invasive bacterial infections.

After completion of study therapy, patients are followed up for 30 days.

Arms:
arm 1: Patients rinse and gargle with placebo over 1 minute QID beginning the first day (about day -7) of the conditioning regimen. Treatment continues until day 20 post-transplantation. arm 2: Patients rinse and gargle with supersaturated calcium phosphate rinse over 1 minute QID beginning on the first day (about day -7) of the conditioning regimen. Treatment continues until day 20 post-transplantation.

Interventions: intervention 1: supersaturated calcium phosphate rinse intervention 2: placebo intervention 3: questionnaire administration intervention 4: quality-of-life assessment
Intervention descriptions: intervention 1: Mouth rinse intervention 2: Mouth rinse intervention 3: Ancillary studies intervention 4: Ancillary studies

Protocol document: