Conditions: Abscess Pain
Keywords: Abscess Pain Administration intranasal Infusions intravenous
Allocation: RANDOMIZED | Intervention model: PARALLEL
Enrollment: 20
Healthy volunteers: no

Brief summary:
Children can develop abscesses (a collection of pus under their skin) that require a physician to cut it open to let the pus drain out. This is a painful procedure. Most medical professionals will use numbing cream and inject numbing medicine into the skin, just like at the dentist, to help reduce the pain. While this helps minimize the pain of cutting the skin, it doesn't help the pain associated with draining out the pus.

There are many strategies and medications available to physicians to help decrease the pain of this procedure. Most of the medications available to treat the pain require the placement of an intravenous (IV) catheter through the patient's skin, which itself is a painful procedure. In the investigators emergency department, many patients with abscesses that need a procedure to drain the pus receive a medicine called morphine through an IV.

Some pain medicines, however, can be sprayed into a patient's nose, and have been shown to be helpful at reducing the pain of a broken bone or a burn. These medicines do not require the placement of an IV.

The purpose of this research study is to determine whether a medicine called fentanyl, when sprayed into the nose of patients aged 4 to 18 years undergoing abscess drainage, is not worse than IV morphine in decreasing the pain of the procedure.

After the risks and benefits of the study are explained to patients and their parents, written informed consent will be obtained. Written informed assent will be obtained for patients older than 8 years of age. Like the flipping of a coin, a computer program will decide randomly which half of the patients will receive fentanyl nose spray and which half will receive morphine by IV.

The patients assigned to receive fentanyl nose spray will not have an IV placed. The patients assigned to receive morphine will have an IV placed. Both groups of patients will have the abscess drainage procedure done the same way. All patients will be videotaped in order to score their pain by a trained observer. This score is the main outcome (measurement) in the study.

Detailed description:

Arms:
arm 1: Patients in this arm will receive intranasal Fentanyl (50 micrograms/mL) as their pre-I\&D analgesic. The one time total dose to be used is 2 micrograms / kilogram, to a maximum of 100 micrograms. The medication will be delivered intranasally via an atomizer in 4 equally divided aliquots (2 per nare).

The abscess I\&D will be followed according to protocol using topical and local anesthetic. arm 2: Patients in this arm will receive intravenous morphine as their pre-I\&D analgesic. The one time total dose to be used is 0.1 milligrams / kilogram, to a maximum of 8 milligrams. The medication will be delivered via slow IV push.

The abscess I\&D will be followed according to protocol using topical and local anesthetic.

Interventions: intervention 1: Intranasal Fentanyl intervention 2: Intravenous Morphine
Intervention descriptions: intervention 1: Drug: Fentanyl 50 micrograms/mL Dosage: 2 micrograms per kilogram (maximum 100 micrograms) Drug delivery: Intranasal via mucosal atomization device (MAD® Nasal, Wolfe Tory Medical Inc., Salt Lake City, UT) Frequency: one-time dose intervention 2: Drug: Morphine Dosage: 0.1 milligrams/kilogram (maximum 8 milligrams) Drug delivery: Slow IV push Frequency: one-time dose

Protocol document: