Conditions: Postoperative Pain Management Urolithiasis
Keywords: Sprix Intranasal ketoralac Ketoralac Urolithiasis Kidney stone Uretal stone Ureteroscopic removal of stones URS Pain management Pain
Allocation: RANDOMIZED | Intervention model: PARALLEL
Enrollment: 50
Healthy volunteers: no

Brief summary:
Despite an overall reduction in the perioperative complication rate, post operative pain management after ureteroscopic removal of stones (URS) remains a major factor delaying discharge of patients. The investigators hypothesize that perioperative usage of intranasal ketorolac will provide a reduction in post operative opioid requirements, better post operative pain control, higher anesthesia satisfaction and faster recovery.

Detailed description:
The prevalence and incidence of urolithiasis, or kidney stone disease, are increasing in the general population. Life-time incidence of urolithiasis is estimated to be between 5%- 12%. The treatment of kidney stones depends on stone type and size, symptom severity, and the presence of obstruction.

URS is a common ambulatory procedure as improved technological advances and increased clinical utilization have helped decrease postoperative complications. Despite an overall reduction in the perioperative complication rate, post operative pain management after URS remains a major factor delaying discharge of patients.

Post operative pain after URS is usually treated with opioids and non steroidal anti inflammatory drugs. Intranasal ketorolac (SprixTM) is an FDA approved pain formulation for short term management (5 days) of moderate to moderately severe pain that requires analgesia at the opioid level. The efficacy of intranasal ketorolac formulation was demonstrated in placebo-controlled studies in patients following major surgeries.

The primary objective of the study is to evaluate the role perioperative usage of single-dose of intranasal ketorolac on immediate post operative opioid requirements. Secondary objectives of the study are to (a) evaluate the post operative pain score 30 minutes after surgery, 1 hour after surgery, and 2 hours after surgery, (b) find the incidence of immediate (until discharge) and 24hrs post operative side effects in the target population, (c) find the level of anesthesia satisfaction in the target population, (d) find the time to discharge in the target population, (e) compare the two groups post anesthesia discharge score.

Arms:
arm 1: A single dose of Sprix (31.5 mg) will be administered to patients 20 minutes before the end of surgery. 15.75 mg of Sprix will be sprayed in each nostril. arm 2: A single dose of placebo will be administered 20 minutes before the end of surgery. 15.75 mg of the placebo will be sprayed in each nostril.

Interventions: intervention 1: Intranasal Ketoralac intervention 2: Placebo
Intervention descriptions: intervention 1: 15.75 mg of Sprix in each nostril 20 minutes before end of surgery intervention 2: 15.75 mg of placebo will be administered in each nostril 20 minutes before the end of surgery

Protocol document: