Conditions: Acute Myeloid Leukemia With Multilineage Dysplasia Following Myelodysplastic Syndrome Adult Acute Minimally Differentiated Myeloid Leukemia (M0) Adult Acute Monoblastic Leukemia (M5a) Adult Acute Monocytic Leukemia (M5b) Adult Acute Myeloblastic Leukemia With Maturation (M2) Adult Acute Myeloblastic Leukemia Without Maturation (M1) Adult Acute Myeloid Leukemia With 11q23 (MLL) Abnormalities Adult Acute Myeloid Leukemia With Del(5q) Adult Acute Myeloid Leukemia With Inv(16)(p13;q22) Adult Acute Myeloid Leukemia With t(16;16)(p13;q22) Adult Acute Myeloid Leukemia With t(8;21)(q22;q22) Adult Acute Myelomonocytic Leukemia (M4) Adult Erythroleukemia (M6a) Adult Pure Erythroid Leukemia (M6b) Secondary Acute Myeloid Leukemia Untreated Adult Acute Myeloid Leukemia
Allocation: RANDOMIZED | Intervention model: PARALLEL
Enrollment: 172
Healthy volunteers: no

Brief summary:
This randomized phase II trial is studying how alvocidib, cytarabine, and mitoxantrone hydrochloride work compared to cytarabine and daunorubicin hydrochloride in treating patients with newly diagnosed acute myeloid leukemia. Alvocidib may stop the growth of cancer cells by blocking some of the enzymes needed for cell growth. Drugs used in chemotherapy, such as cytarabine, mitoxantrone hydrochloride, and daunorubicin hydrochloride work in different ways to stop the growth of cancer cells, either by killing the cells or by stopping them from dividing. It is not yet known whether giving alvocidib, cytarabine, and mitoxantrone hydrochloride is more effective than giving cytarabine and daunorubicin hydrochloride in treating patients with acute myeloid leukemia.

Detailed description:
PRIMARY OBJECTIVES:

I. To compare the rate of complete remission (CR) after 1 course of induction therapy with the timed-sequential combination of alvocidib (flavopiridol), cytarabine (cytosine arabinoside \[ara-C\]), and mitoxantrone hydrochloride (FLAM) vs traditional "7+3" cytarabine and daunorubicin hydrochloride (ara-C + Daunorubicin) for adults (age 18 to 70) with newly diagnosed, previously untreated, intermediate-risk or poor-risk acute myelogenous leukemia (AML).

SECONDARY OBJECTIVES:

I. To evaluate and compare the toxicities of FLAM vs 7+3. II. To compare the 2-year disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) in response to FLAM vs 7+3.

III. To detect and compare the presence of minimal-residual disease (MRD) remaining after FLAM vs 7+3.

IV. To determine the expression of ABC transport proteins multidrug resistance 1 (MDR1, ABCB1) and breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP, ABCG2) on AML blasts pretreatment and correlate the expressions of one or both proteins with CR and DFS in response to FLAM vs 7+3.

OUTLINE: This is a multicenter study. Patients are stratified according to risk features: age (\< 50 vs \>= 50), secondary AML (pre-existing myelodysplatic syndrome \[MDS\], myeloproliferative diseases \[MPD\], treatment-related \[t\]-AML, or severe multi-lineage dysplasia) and/or known adverse cytogenetics, and hyperleukocytosis (white blood cells \[WBC\] \>= 50,000/mm\^3). Patients are randomized to 1 of 2 treatment arms.

ARM I: Patients receive alvocidib intravenously (IV) over 1 hour on days 1-3, cytarabine IV over 72 hours on days 6-8, and mitoxantrone hydrochloride IV over 1-2 hours on day 9. Patients who achieve complete or partial response to the first course (completion of all doses) may receive a second course of treatment or high-dose cytarabine after 21-63 days following blood count recovery, and/or undergo allogeneic bone marrow transplant.

ARM II: Patients receive cytarabine IV continuously on days 1-7 and daunorubicin hydrochloride IV on days 1-3. Patients who have residual disease on day 14 may receive additional cytarabine for 5 days and daunorubicin hydrochloride for 2 days. Patients may undergo blood and bone marrow collection for correlative studies.

After completion of study therapy, patients are followed up every 3 months for 2 years, every 6 months for 5 years, and then annually thereafter.

Arms:
arm 1: Patients receive alvocidib IV over 1 hour on days 1-3, cytarabine IV over 72 hours on days 6-8, and mitoxantrone hydrochloride IV over 1-2 hours on day 9. Patients who achieve complete or partial response to the first course (completion of all doses) may receive a second course of treatment or high-dose cytarabine after 21-63 days following blood count recovery, and/or undergo allogeneic bone marrow transplant. arm 2: Patients receive cytarabine IV continuously on days 1-7 and daunorubicin hydrochloride IV on days 1-3. Patients who have residual disease on day 14 may receive additional cytarabine for 5 days and daunorubicin hydrochloride for 2 days.

Interventions: intervention 1: alvocidib intervention 2: daunorubicin hydrochloride intervention 3: mitoxantrone hydrochloride intervention 4: cytarabine
Intervention descriptions: intervention 1: Given IV intervention 2: Given IV intervention 3: Given IV intervention 4: Given IV

Protocol document: