Conditions: Depression Bipolar Disorder Insulin Resistance
Allocation: NA | Intervention model: SINGLE_GROUP
Enrollment: 12
Healthy volunteers: no

Brief summary:
Insulin resistance is known to be associated with mood disorders and cognitive difficulties. The purpose of this study is to treat depressed patients with rosiglitazone (also known as \[AKA\] Avandia), therefore improving glucose sensitivity, which in turn has the potential to affect mood and thinking. We, the researchers at Stanford University, are recruiting men and women who have been diagnosed with depression, and are willing to participate in this 3 month study. Participation involves neuropsychological testing, 2 blood draws called an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), which tests for glucose and insulin levels, and the medication, rosiglitazone. Participants are allowed to continue on their current psychiatric medication.

Detailed description:
An association between insulin resistance (IR) and affective disorders has been postulated in a number of cross-sectional studies. Limited data exist on potential changes in IR associated with improvement in depressive symptoms and/or depression remission resolution - two studies reported decreased IR after successful antidepressant treatment, while another study reported persisting IR even after successful treatment.

We have postulated that IR is a part of the pathophysiology of affective disorders, and its improvement (via pharmacological or nonpharmacological treatments) may significantly reduce the severity of depressive symptoms. In support of this hypothesis, we previously reported increased IR in women with bipolar disorder, as well as a significant association between IR and depressive symptoms in women with primary IR syndrome (polycystic ovary syndrome \[PCOS\]). In the current pilot study, we attempted a more direct testing of the hypothesis that improvement of IR will result in improvement in mood in patients with depressive disorders. The aim of the study was to evaluate whether addition of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPAR) agonist rosiglitazone to the treatment as usual (TAU) of nondiabetic patients with unipolar or bipolar depression would result in improvement in depression severity and clinical global impression (CGI). Insulin sensitizing agents have proven efficacious in nondiabetic IR, or "prediabetic", individuals. All subjects in this pilot study had elevated fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and ratios of high density lipoproteins (HDL) to triglycerides (TG), which are established surrogate markers of IR.

In the current pilot study, we attempted a more direct testing of the hypothesis that improvement of IR will result in improvement in mood in patients with depressive disorders. The aim of the study was to evaluate whether addition of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPAR) agonist rosiglitazone to the treatment as usual (TAU) of nondiabetic patients with unipolar or bipolar depression would result in improvement in depression severity and clinical global impression (CGI). Insulin sensitizing agents have proven efficacious in nondiabetic IR, or "prediabetic", individuals. All subjects in this pilot study had elevated fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and ratios of high density lipoproteins (HDL) to triglycerides (TG), which are established surrogate markers of IR.

Arms:
arm 1: This group includes all 12 subjects who received rosiglitazone. Rosiglitazone was administered in addition to current antidepressant and/or mood-stabilizing medication at a dose of 4 mg/day for the first 4 weeks, with subsequent increase in dose to 9 mg/day for the remaining 8 weeks of the 12-week trial.

Interventions: intervention 1: rosiglitazone
Intervention descriptions: intervention 1: Rosiglitazone was administered at two different doses over the 12-week period.

Protocol document: