Conditions: Perioperative Chest Pain
Allocation: RANDOMIZED | Intervention model: PARALLEL
Enrollment: 80
Healthy volunteers: no

Brief summary:
The post-thoracotomy pain (PTP) has been defined as persistent or recurrent pain that lasts for at least 2 month after thoracotomy and is associated with surgical incision or its intercostal nerve cutaneous distribution. The latter has a prevalence of about 15% to 20%. In about 80% of the patients such pain is moderate to severe in intensity and is associated with depression and insomnia. According to its characteristics and possible etiology, PTP is part of the neuropathic pain syndromes. Patients describe their chest wall pain as shooting, burning and numbness which are descriptors often seen in other neuropathic pain syndromes. PTP occurs most likely after partial or complete intercostal nerve damage secondary mechanical trauma (nerve traction or compression) during surgery. The concern is that when robotic surgery for minimally invasive approach to the heart valves or vessels such compression and consequent damage may happen to intercostal nerves.

Therapeutic use for a lidocaine patch include post-herpetic neuralgia postthoracotomy pain, stump neuroma pain, intercostal neuralgia, diabetic polyneuropathy, meralgia paresthetica, complex regional pain syndrome, radiculopathy, postmastectomy pain and some other focal peripheral neuropathic pain syndromes. It is an effective and safe topical treatment. Its efficacy demonstrated previously in treatment of intercostal neuralgia and some patients with post-thoracotomy syndrome can be used in treatment of perioperative chest pain related to robotic cardiac surgery. Hypothesis is that the use of topical lidocaine will decrease pain in acute phase after the surgery and decrease intensity of post-thoracotomy pain 6 months after such procedure.

The effect of topical 5% lidocaine will be clinically evaluated through prospective, randomized, placebo, double-blind study. Each patient will be assessed at admission and then, one week after Valve Replacement (Recommended surgical procedures do not included harvesting of leg vessels as this could be a potential confounder). Then, one month, three and six month follow-up for all patients by mailing questionnaires and phone calls.

Upon admission, as well as 1 week, 1month, 3months and 6 months following surgical procedure, the following tests will be performed:

* Pain Disability Index (PDI)
* DASS
* VAS Pain Score
* Opioid use (in MSO4 mg equivalents)
* Global Perceived Effect (GPE) or patient satisfaction

Detailed description:

Arms:
arm 1: 1\) Group I: Patients will receive topical 5% lidocaine patches. Those will be placed to affected area up to three patches as needed for pain 12 hours on and 12 hours off. They will also receive opioids as needed after the surgery. Initially, they may receive IV fentanyl repeated clinician boluses, later oxycodone will be given 5-10 mg q4-6 hours as needed for pain. arm 2: 2\) Group II: Patients will receive placebo patches. Those will be placed to affected area at dose up to three patches as needed for pain 12 hours on and 12 hours off. They will also receive opioids as needed after the surgery. Initially, they may receive IV fentanyl clinician boluses, later oxycodone will be given in doses from 5-10 mg q4-6 hours as needed for pain.

Interventions: intervention 1: Lidoderm 5 % Topical Patch intervention 2: Placebo patch
Intervention descriptions: intervention 1: Patients will receive Lidoderm topical 5% lidocaine patches. Those will be placed to affected area up to three patches as needed for pain 12 hours on and 12 hours off intervention 2: 2\) Group II: Patients will receive placebo patches. Those will be placed to affected area at dose up to three patches as needed for pain 12 hours on and 12 hours off

Protocol document: