Conditions: Heart Disease Myocardial Infarction Acute Myocardial Infarction
Keywords: Heart Disease Heart Attack Myocardial Infarction Thrombolytic Therapy Emergency Medicine
Allocation: RANDOMIZED | Intervention model: PARALLEL
Enrollment: 390
Healthy volunteers: no

Brief summary:
The PATCAR study has been designed to test the hypothesis that the strategy of pre-hospital use of a "clot busting" (thrombolytic) drug followed with emergent heart catheterization including stenting of the problematic coronary artery, will result in a lower mortality and reduced repeat heart attack rates.

Early identifying and treating heart attacks patients prior to the arriving at the hospital, in those patients who qualify for the "clot busting" drugs will lower the size of the heart attack damage. This smaller heart attack will lead to fewer problems with less repeat heart attacks and death in the future.

Detailed description:
To demonstrate feasibility of the project in a pilot trial we plan to enroll up to 500 patients to pre-hospital thrombolysis/clot busting followed by emergent catheterization and stenting of the problematic or culprit artery.

This will comprise an EMS system capable of performing pre-hospital ECGs followed by emergent transportation to a Level I Cardiovascular Center where the patients will be taken to urgent cardiac catheterization and emergent stenting of the culprit artery.

Patients identified as having typical symptoms of acute MI and an ECG consistent with acute ST elevation MI will be screened in the field by paramedics or in the spoke hospitals by the ED attending physicians using the screening form. Verbal Consent will be obtained for receiving acute therapy for their MI as outlined in the protocol. After therapy is initiated in the field or at the spoke hospital, the patients will be transported as quickly as possible to the receiving Level I Cardiovascular Center (Hub Hospital). The ED personnel in the Level I Cardiovascular Center will have activated the Interventional Cardiovascular Team and the Cath Lab personnel after having received the initial qualifying transmitted ECG.

Once the patient arrives, informed consent will be obtained by the ED investigator and/or in-house Cardiology fellow for enrollment in the PATCAR Trial. Thrombolytic ineligible patients will also be collect for this study and also go directly to the Cath Lab for PCI. Study coordinators will enter the data into the Case Report Forms and forward the completed forms to Westat-ALA for data capture in the database. In addition to the qualifying ECG, ECG's will be obtained at hospital discharge/transfer. All patients will follow the current standard of care for STEMI/heart attacks patients. Patients will have a Cardiac MRI done on day 3 or 5 of their hospital stay, to measure the size and amount of damage the heart suffered as a result of their Heart attack.

Arms:
arm 1: Patients transported by participating EMS units and that were fibrinolytic eligible and treated with full dose, pre-hospital fibrinolysis with reteplase (treated in the ambulance with 10 units reteplase and randomized to a second 10-unit dose of reteplase). arm 2: Patients transported by participating EMS units and that were fibrinolytic eligible and treated with a half dose pre-hospital fibrinolysis with reteplase (treated in the ambulance with 10 units reteplase) and randomized to urgent catheterization with percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). arm 3: Patients transported by participating EMS units and that were fibrinolytic ineligible and treated with primary PCI alone and that were prospectively analyzed for comparison. arm 4: Patients not transported by participating EMS units but were transferred in and treated with primary PCI alone and that were prospectively analyzed for comparison.

Interventions: intervention 1: Reteplase 10 Units (U) plus a second dose of reteplase 10 U intervention 2: Reteplase 10 U intervention 3: Urgent Percutaneous Coronary Intervention (PCI) intervention 4: Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention (PCI)
Intervention descriptions: intervention 1: Thrombolytic-clot busting drug Retavase IV Bolus, 10 U followed by a second 10U dose intervention 2: Thrombolytic-clot busting drug Retavase IV Bolus in one 10U dose intervention 3: None intervention 4: None

Protocol document: