Conditions: Kidney Transplantation Diabetes Hyperglycemia
Keywords: Kidney Transplantation Diabetes Hyperglycemia
Allocation: RANDOMIZED | Intervention model: PARALLEL
Enrollment: 104
Healthy volunteers: no

Brief summary:
Purpose: The purpose of this study is to provide tight blood sugar control using insulin given through the veins at the time of kidney transplantation and up to 3 days after surgery. After release from the hospital, the patient will control blood sugar with subcutaneous insulin injections or pills. With this approach, outcomes should improve for diabetic transplant patients such as longer life of the new kidney, fewer hospital readmissions, decreased associated infections, and other advantages.

Hypothesis: It is hypothesized that intensive glycemic control will lead to better clinical and biochemical outcomes and improved long-term graft survival.

Detailed description:
Research Design: A randomized control trial comparing intensive intravenous insulin (IVI) for use in the hospital followed by intensive subcutaneous (sc) insulin use for in-patient and out-patient glycemic control will be conducted.

Arms:
arm 1: The experimental group will receive the intravenous regular insulin infusion protocol for the maintenance of blood sugar levels 70-110 mg/dL while hospitalized up to 7 am post operative day #3 and after hospitalization will receive subcutaneous insulin to maintain blood sugar levels 70-140 mg/dL. arm 2: The control group will receive subcutaneous insulin injections (NPH or glargine and aspartame) to maintain a blood sugar level between 70-180 mg/dL while hospitalized and after hospitalization subcutaneous insulin to maintain blood sugar levels 90-180 mg/dL.

Interventions: intervention 1: insulin intervention 2: NPH Insulin or glargine insulin and aspartame insulin
Intervention descriptions: intervention 1: The intravenous regular insulin infusion will be delivered continuously during the transplant surgery and after surgery for a total of three days. While receiving the insulin infusion, the dose will be calculated to keep the blood sugar levels between 70-110 mg/dL.

After the regular insulin infusion is discontinued, the blood sugar levels will be measured by a finger stick blood glucose up to 5-6 times per day and the blood sugar levels will be corrected by a subcutaneous basal-bolus insulin injection for a blood sugar goal 70-110 mg/dL.

Upon discharge from the hospital, the patient will be placed on a basal-bolus regimen consisting of 3-4 insulin injections to maintain a blood sugar between 70-140. intervention 2: The NPH or glargine and aspartame insulin will be given subcutaneously using a small-short needle to administer the insulin.

The blood sugar level will be checked every 1 hour while in the operating room and treated with rapid-acting insulin as needed to keep the blood sugar levels 70-180 mg/dL. The blood sugar level will be checked every 4 hours when in the recovery room and on the 6 East transplant unit. Once the patient is able to eat, the blood sugar will be checked five times a day (before meals, at bedtime, and at 3:00 am). Long-acting and rapid-acting insulin will be used to maintain the target blood sugar level.

Upon discharge from the hospital, the patient will be placed on a minimum of one to two insulin injections to maintain a blood sugar between 90-180 mg/dL

Protocol document: