Conditions: Pain
Keywords: Postoperative Pain
Allocation: RANDOMIZED | Intervention model: PARALLEL
Enrollment: 250
Healthy volunteers: no

Brief summary:
The primary purpose of this study was to evaluate analgesic efficacy and safety of hydrocodone/acetaminophen extended release compared to placebo in moderate to severe pain following primary unilateral first metatarsal bunionectomy.

Detailed description:
The bunionectomy was performed under regional anesthesia and propofol sedation. Perioperative anesthesia was standardized for all participants. Upon completion of surgery, designated study personnel ensured continued eligibility per the selection criteria of the protocol.

After an appropriate period of time following bunionectomy, participants who had a pain intensity score of ≥ 40 mm on a 100 mm visual analog scale (VAS) and moderate or severe pain intensity per the categorical pain intensity scale were eligible for randomization, in equal numbers, into 1 of 5 treatment arms. In order to maintain the single-blind nature of the study, all participants were dosed with study drug (active and/or placebo) every 6 hours.

Arms:
arm 1: 1 dose of 1 placebo tablet (for hydrocodone/acetaminophen extended release) plus 1 placebo capsule (for morphine extended release), administered once every 12 hours, and 1 dose of 1 placebo tablet (for hydrocodone/acetaminophen extended release), administered once every 6 hours (for a total of 8 doses). arm 2: 1 dose of 1 placebo capsule (for morphine extended release) plus 1 acetaminophen tablet, administered once every 12 hours, and 1 dose of 1 acetaminophen tablet, administered once every 6 hours (for a total of 8 doses). arm 3: 1 dose of 1 placebo tablet (for hydrocodone/acetaminophen extended release) plus 1 morphine extended release capsule, administered once every 12 hours, and 1 dose of 1 placebo tablet (for hydrocodone/acetaminophen extended release), administered once every 6 hours (for a total of 8 doses). arm 4: 1 dose of 1 morphine extended release capsule plus 1 acetaminophen tablet, administered once every 12 hours, and 1 dose of 1 acetaminophen tablet, administered once every 6 hours (for a total of 8 doses). arm 5: 1 dose of 1 hydrocodone/acetaminophen extended release tablet plus 1 placebo capsule (for morphine extended release), administered once every 12 hours, and 1 dose of 1 placebo tablet (for hydrocodone/acetaminophen extended release), administered once every 6 hours (for a total of 8 doses).

Interventions: intervention 1: Hydrocodone/Acetaminophen Extended Release intervention 2: Acetaminophen intervention 3: Morphine Extended Release intervention 4: Placebo
Intervention descriptions: intervention 1: None intervention 2: None intervention 3: None intervention 4: None

Protocol document: