Conditions: Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Keywords: Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Allocation: RANDOMIZED | Intervention model: CROSSOVER
Enrollment: 26
Healthy volunteers: no

Brief summary:
The purpose of this study is to investigate the acute effects of the thiazolidinedione agent pioglitazone (which has combined PPAR alpha and gamma stimulation) on insulin's ability to suppress glucose production, stimulated glucose uptake, and impact a number of other metabolically important endpoints, including production of adiponectin (a protein hormone which regulates sugar levels and fatty acid breakdown) in subjects with type 2 diabetes.

Detailed description:
Participants in this study were given a supply of either pioglitazone (a medication used to treat diabetes) or matched placebo for a duration of 10 days or 21 days. Changes to the body's response to insulin in the liver and in peripheral tissues (eg, muscle and fat) will be measured using a procedure called a pancreatic clamp. During the clamp procedure, glucose (a sugar) and insulin were infused with an intravenous catheter, and blood samples were collected periodically throughout the procedure to measure blood sugar levels and the levels of several hormones that are found in the body and are related to glucose metabolism. Small amounts of muscle and fat tissue were also taken during this study to measure changes in gene expression after taking the medication/placebo.

Arms:
arm 1: Participants received Pioglitazone 45 mg via oral capsule daily for 10 or 21 days in randomized, placebo-controlled crossover fashion, separated by a wash-out period.

The investigators used a research procedure called a "pancreatic clamp" study to study the effects of the pioglitazone. During the clamp procedure, glucose (a sugar) and insulin (a hormone produced in the pancreas that regulates the amount of glucose in the blood) were infused with an intravenous catheter, and blood samples were collected periodically throughout the procedure to measure blood sugar levels and the levels of several hormones that are related to glucose metabolism. arm 2: Participants received matched placebo via oral capsule daily for 10 or 21 days in randomized, placebo-controlled crossover fashion, separated by a wash-out period.

The investigators used a research procedure called a "pancreatic clamp" study to study the effects of the pioglitazone. During the clamp procedure, glucose (a sugar) and insulin (a hormone produced in the pancreas that regulates the amount of glucose in the blood) were infused with an intravenous catheter, and blood samples were collected periodically throughout the procedure to measure blood sugar levels and the levels of several hormones that are related to glucose metabolism.

Interventions: intervention 1: Pioglitazone intervention 2: Placebo intervention 3: Pancreatic Clamp Study
Intervention descriptions: intervention 1: This was a randomized placebo-controlled crossover study in which subjects received both agents in random order, separated by a wash-out period. Following 10 or 21 days' intervention, subjects underwent a pancreatic clamp study. intervention 2: This was a randomized placebo-controlled crossover study in which subjects received both agents in random order, separated by a wash-out period. Following 10 or 21 days' intervention, subjects underwent a pancreatic clamp study. intervention 3: During the clamp procedure, glucose (a sugar) and insulin were infused with an IV catheter, and blood samples were collected periodically throughout the procedure to measure blood sugar levels and the levels of several hormones that are found in the body and are related to glucose metabolism.

Protocol document: