Conditions: Constipation
Allocation: RANDOMIZED | Intervention model: PARALLEL
Enrollment: 175
Healthy volunteers: no

Brief summary:
Functional constipation is a condition when it is very hard to pass a stool that is not due to any other health problem or to medicines being taken. This condition is more common in children and teenagers.

This study has 2 parts:

The main aim of the 1st part of the study is to learn if a medicine called prucalopride can improve bowel movements in children and teenagers with functional constipation. Another aim is to check for side effects from 2 different doses of prucalopride. The main aim of the 2nd part of the study is to continue to check for side effects from 2 different doses of prucalopride.

In the 1st part, at the first visit, the study doctor will check who can take part. Participants who take part will be picked for 1 of 3 treatments by chance.

* A low dose of prucalopride once a day.
* A higher dose of prucalopride once a day.
* A placebo once a day. In this study, a placebo will look like prucalopride but will not have any medicine in it. Participants will be treated with prucalopride or a placebo for 12 weeks.

Participants who took prucalopride will continue to the 2nd part of the study. They will have the same treatment as they did in the 1st part of the study. They will continue with their treatment for another 36 weeks. Participants who took placebo in the 1st part of the study will receive prucalopride in the 2nd part of the study. They will be picked for a low dose or a high dose of prucalopride by chance.

Participants will visit the clinic a few times during treatment. The clinic staff will also telephone the participants, or their parents or caregivers throughout treatment for a check-up 4 weeks after last treatment, the clinic staff will telephone the participants, or their parents or caregivers for a final check-up.

Detailed description:
This study consists of a 12-week double-blind, placebo-controlled part (Part A) followed by a 36-week double-blind safety extension part (Part B). Participants aged 3 to 17 years are planned for randomization in a 1:1:1 ratio to the Low Dose Group, High Dose Group, or matching placebo (placebo-controlled part \[Part A\]). After completion of Part A, participants in the placebo group will be re-randomized in a 1:1 ratio to the Low Dose Group or the High Dose Group (safety extension part \[Part B\]). Randomization at study entry will be stratified by toilet-trained status.

Arms:
arm 1: Participants weighing \<50 kilograms (kg) will draw equal volumes from two bottles of placebo oral solution to account for the daily dose assigned or participants weighing ≥ 50 kg will receive two placebo oral tablets, once daily (QD), during 12 weeks in Part A. Prucalopride matching placebo (oral solution or tablet) will be dosed depending on the participant's body weight (BW) at the randomization visit. arm 2: Participants weighing \<50 kg will receive 0.04 milligrams per kilogram (mg/kg) of prucalopride oral solution (will draw the required volume from one bottle of 0.4 milligram per milliliter \[mg/mL\] and one bottle of placebo oral solution), QD or participants weighing ≥50 kg will receive one 2 milligram (mg) of prucalopride oral tablet and one placebo oral tablet, QD, during 12 weeks in Part A. Prucalopride (oral solution or tablet) will be dosed depending on the participant's BW at the randomization visit. arm 3: Participants weighing \<50 kg will receive 0.08 mg/kg of prucalopride oral solution (will draw the required volume from two bottles of 0.4 mg/mL to account for the daily dose assigned), QD or participants weighing ≥50 kg will receive two 2 mg of prucalopride oral tablets, QD, during 12 weeks of treatment period in Part A. Prucalopride (oral solution or tablet) will be dosed depending on the participant's BW at the randomization visit. arm 4: Participants weighing \<50 kg will receive 0.04 mg/kg of prucalopride oral solution (will draw the required volume from one bottle of 0.4 mg/mL and one bottle of placebo oral solution to account for the daily dose assigned), QD or participants weighing ≥50 kg will receive one 2 mg of prucalopride oral tablet and one placebo oral tablet, QD, for 36 weeks during the 40-week Part B Period. Prucalopride (oral solution or tablet) will be dosed depending on the participant's BW at the randomization visit. arm 5: Participants weighing \<50 kg will receive 0.08 mg/kg of prucalopride oral solution (will draw the required volume from two bottles of 0.4 mg/mL to account for the daily dose assigned), QD or participants weighing ≥50 kg will receive two 2 mg of prucalopride oral tablets, QD, for 36 weeks during the 40-week Part B Period. Prucalopride (oral solution or tablet) will be dosed depending on the participant's BW at the randomization visit.

Interventions: intervention 1: Prucalopride intervention 2: Placebo
Intervention descriptions: intervention 1: Prucalopride oral solution or oral tablets. intervention 2: Prucalopride-matching placebo oral solution or oral tablets.

Protocol document:
Prot_000.pdf: 
For non-commercial use only


TAKEDA PHARMACEUTICALS
PROTOCOL: TAK-555-3010
TITLE:
Phase 3, Multicenter, Randomized Study with 2 Different Doses of 
Prucalopride Administered to Male and Female Pediatric Subjects Aged 
6 Months to 17 years with Functional Constipation, Consisting of a 
12-week Double-blind, Placebo-controlled Part (Part A) to Evaluate
Efficacy and Safety Followed by a 36-week Double-blind Extension Part
(Part B) to Document Long-term Safety up to Week 48
SHORT TITLE:
Double-blind, Placebo-controlled and Long-term Study Evaluating the 
Efficacy and Safety of Prucalopride in Pediatric Subjects with Functional 
Constipation
STUDY PHASE:
3
DRUG:
TAK-555, prucalopride succinate
IND NUMBER:
55078
EUDRACT 
NUMBER:
2022-003221-22
NCT NUMBER:
NCT04759833
SPONSOR:
Takeda Development Center Americas, Inc. (TDC Americas)
95 Hayden Avenue
Lexington, MA 02421
617-349-0200
PRINCIPAL/
COORDINATING
INVESTIGATOR:
, MD
Children’s National
Washington, District of Columbia 20010
United States (US)
AMENDMENT HISTORY: 
Date
Amendment Number
Type
Region
27 October 2022
Amendment 3
Substantial
Global
20 October 2021
Amendment 2
Non-Substantial
Global
18 December 2020
Amendment 1
Substantial 
Global
21 October 2020
Original Protocol
Not applicable
Global
This document contains confidential and proprietary information of Takeda and is disclosed pursuant to 
confidentiality and non-disclosure obligations. This information should be used solely for the purposes for which it 
was provided and should not be copied, shared with, or disclosed to any third party without the express written 
consent of Takeda.
For non-commercial use only


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CONFIDENTIAL
Page 3
TAK-555-3010 Protocol Amendment 3
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27 Oct 2022
SUMMARY OF CHANGES FROM PREVIOUS PROTOCOL VERSION
Protocol Amendment 3 Summary and Rationale:
This section describes the changes in reference to the protocol incorporating amendment 3. The 
primary reason for this amendment is to:

Incorporate changes based on the Food and Drug Administration Advice Letter dated 
22 Jan 2022.
In this amendment, minor grammatical, editorial, formatting, and administrative changes not 
affecting the conduct of the study are included for clarification and administrative purposes only.
Protocol Amendment 3
Summary of Changes Since the Last Version of the Approved Protocol
Change 
Number
Sections Affected by Change
Description of Each Change and Rationale
Location
Description
Rationale
1
Protocol title page
The EudraCT number was added 
to the protocol title page
Not applicable
2
Protocol Signature Page
Correction of the study title to 
match the title page of the 
protocol
Correction
3
Emergency Contact 
Information
Update of the medical monitor’s 
name and contact details and 
addition of SAE reporting 
contact information (as well as 
removal of language that contact 
information is located on the 
forms)
Update after another medical 
monitor was appointed to the 
study; addition of safety 
contact information
4
Section 1.1 Synopsis
Section 4.5 Sites and Regions
Update of the number of US 
sites estimated to participate 
from 50-60 to 40-45
Update based on more recent 
projection
5
Section 1.1 Synopsis
Section 3.2.4 Exploratory 
Endpoints
Section 9.6.5 Exploratory 
Efficacy Endpoints
Update of the exploratory 
endpoints on “proportion of 
subjects with an average of 
≥3 (S)BMs per week and 
increase of ≥1 (S)BM compared 
to baseline during a 12-week 
double-blind, placebo-controlled 
treatment phase” and 
“proportion of subjects with an 
average of ≤1 (S)BMs per week 
during the 12-week double-
blind, placebo-controlled 
treatment phase” to only 
evaluate SBMs, not BMs.
As spontaneous bowel 
movement only accounts for 
bowel movements without 
use of rescue medications 
within the past 24 hours, 
updating this language in the 
exploratory endpoints will 
provide more clinically 
meaningful results while 
controlling for the variable 
“use of rescue medications” 
as a confounding factor in 
these analyses.
6
Section 1.1 Synopsis
Section 4.4 Duration of Subject 
Participation and Study 
Completion Definition
Update of the duration of the 
study from approximately 60 to 
approximately 52 months (or 
from 3-4 to 4-4.5 years)
Update based on more recent 
projection
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CONFIDENTIAL
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27 Oct 2022
Protocol Amendment 3
Summary of Changes Since the Last Version of the Approved Protocol
Change 
Number
Sections Affected by Change
Description of Each Change and Rationale
Location
Description
Rationale
7
Section 1.1 Synopsis
Section 1.2 Schema
Section 4.1 Overall Design
Section 4.2 Scientific Rationale 
for Study Design
Section 4.4 Duration of Subject 
Participation and Study 
Completion Definition 
Section 8.1.1.1 Screening Visit 
(Visit 1)
Correction of the duration of the 
screening period from 
approximately 21 to 33 days 
(and maximum duration of 
participation, where mentioned, 
from 55 to 56 weeks)
Correction to be in line with 
the current Schedule of 
Activities
8
Section 1.1 Synopsis
Section 5.2 Exclusion Criteria
Clarification of the definition of 
“current use” to be within 5 days 
rather than within 5 days prior to 
the screening visit
Clarification to give subjects 
the ability to washout during 
screening following consent
9
Section 1.2 Schema
Addition of information on the 
dose groups to the study schema
Clarification
10
Section 1.3 Schedule of 
Activities
Addition of a reminder to check 
whether the subject has 
experienced any psychiatric 
changes throughout the study
Addition reflecting 
agreement with the FDA on 
increased SI/SIB monitoring 
throughout the study.
11
Section 1.3 Schedule of 
Activities
Removal of the X for targeted 
physical examination at 
screening
Correction
12
Section 1.3 Schedule of 
Activities
Addition of “CBT” (ie, cognitive 
behavioral therapy) to the line 
including concomitant surgery 
and procedures
Addition of a therapy check 
this is added to the eCRF to 
capture cognitive behavioral 
therapy.
13
Section 1.3 Schedule of 
Activities (schedule and 
footnote “r”)
Addition of the word “optional” 
for sparse PK sampling
Clarification
14
Section 1.3 Schedule of 
Activities (footnotes “h” and 
“i”)
Section 8.1.1.2 Baseline Visit 
(Visit 2)
Section 8.2.3.1 Physical 
Examination
The digital rectal, anal and 
cremasteric reflex, and perianal 
examinations were made 
optional
Increasing site flexibility to 
make these examinations 
optional at the discretion of 
the investigator
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CONFIDENTIAL
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27 Oct 2022
Protocol Amendment 3
Summary of Changes Since the Last Version of the Approved Protocol
Change 
Number
Sections Affected by Change
Description of Each Change and Rationale
Location
Description
Rationale
15
Section 1.3 Schedule of 
Activities (footnote “r”)
Addition of footnote “c” and text 
to footnote “t” (Table 1) and 
footnote “a” (Table 2) to make it 
clear that all subjects should be 
instructed to withhold dosing on 
in-clinic visit days (Part A and 
Part B) until after their visit. If a 
subject does take their daily dose 
of IP prior to the on-site visit, 
this will not result in a protocol 
deviation unless the subject is 
participating in PK sampling at 
Week 4 (Visit 6), Week 8 
(Visit 10), and Week 12 
(Visit 14).
Clarification
16
Section 1.3 Schedule of 
Activities
Section 8.1.3.1 Visit 15a, 16, 
18, 20, 22 (Weeks 14, 20, 28, 
26, and 44)
Section 8.1.3.2 Visit 15b, 17, 
19, and 21 (Weeks 16, 24, 32, 
and 40)
Addition of a telephone visit at 
Week 14. This visit is referred to 
as Visit 15a; the Week 16 Visit 
is referred to as Visit 15b
Addition reflecting 
agreement with the FDA on 
increased SI/SIB monitoring 
throughout the study.
17
Section 2.2 Product 
Background and Clinical 
Information
Update of the number of 
countries where prucalopride is 
authorized and the estimated 
worldwide patient exposure 
Update with the most recent 
information
18
Section 2.4 Benefit/Risk 
Assessment
Replacement of the referral to 
the US package insert was by 
referral to the prescribing 
information in general
Update for consistency 
19
Section 4.1 Overall Design
Section 6.2.3 Dosing
Addition of a reference to the 
Pharmacy Manual for a table of 
weight-adjusted dosing 
clarification
20
Section 4.1 Overall Design
Section 6.2.3 Dosing
Correction of the word 
“re-randomization” to 
“randomization” as dose 
calculation based on body 
weight is at randomization
Correction
21
Section 5.2 Exclusion Criteria
Addition of a reference to 
Appendix 7 (Bedside Schwartz 
Equation) in criterion 8, which 
mentions the Schwartz equation
Addition for completeness 
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CONFIDENTIAL
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27 Oct 2022
Protocol Amendment 3
Summary of Changes Since the Last Version of the Approved Protocol
Change 
Number
Sections Affected by Change
Description of Each Change and Rationale
Location
Description
Rationale
22
Section 5.3 Restrictions
Correction of Criterion 2 to 
indicate that restrictions related 
to lifestyle modifications 
(including dietary changes) are 
applicable from randomization 
onwards and to include the 
specification that study-allowed 
rescue medication is not 
restricted 
Clarification and correction 
to reflect study practices
23
Section 6.2.3 Dosing
Addition of a sentence to make it 
clear that on in-clinic visit days 
(Part A and Part B), all subjects 
should be instructed to withhold 
dosing until after the visit.
Clarification
24
Section 6.2.3 Dosing
Addition of a sentence to make it 
clear that on the day of Visit 14 
(Week 12 / End of Part A), IP 
dose should be withheld until 
after the visit so the subject will 
take their first Part B dose on the 
day of their Week 12 visit
Clarification
25
Section 6.3.1 Labeling
Addition of flexible language 
related to additional labels (Sites 
can add information that 
identifies the study subject by 
name if allowed per local
regulations.)
Increase of flexibility 
26
Section 6.3.3 Storage
Clarification of storage 
information (addition of 
temperature range for storage)
Clarification 
27
Section 6.7.3.1 Rescue 
Medication
Clarification that rescue 
medication for children aged 6 
months to ≤4 years was at the 
discretion of the investigator
Clarification 
28
Section 6.7.3.1 Rescue 
Medication
Section 5.3 Restrictions
Appendix 5 Rescue Medication 
Algorithm
Addition of a note to clarify that 
the rescue medication guidelines 
remain subject to clinical 
discretion; If the subject has a 
BM but does not experience 
relief, additional rescue 
medication may be warranted.
Clarification 
29
Section 6.7.3.1 Rescue 
Medication
Clarification that rescue 
medication will be made 
available throughout the study, 
but after Baseline Visit 2
Clarification
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Protocol Amendment 3
Summary of Changes Since the Last Version of the Approved Protocol
Change 
Number
Sections Affected by Change
Description of Each Change and Rationale
Location
Description
Rationale
30
Section 6.7.3.2 Disimpaction 
Procedure During Screening 
Period
Clarification that instructions 
follow the North American 
Society for Pediatric 
Gastroenterology, Hepatology, 
and Nutrition Recommendation 
2014; reference to prescribing 
information for the respective 
medications was removed
Clarification
31
Section 6.7.3.3 Standard of 
Care: Behavioral Therapy
Clarification that children are 
allowed to (re)start toilet training 
during Part B and that when a 
child becomes toilet-trained, the 
site should document the change 
Clarification
32
Section 7.6.4 Guidelines for 
Monitoring/Interruption for 
Suicidal Ideation/ Suicidal 
Behavior
Addition of a new section 
describing what actions should 
be taken in case of an SI/SIB.
Addition reflecting 
agreement with the FDA on 
increased SI/SIB monitoring 
throughout the study.
33
Section 8.2.2.1 E-Diary
Addition of a statement to 
indicate that subjects should start 
completing evening diaries once 
the 5-day washout period for 
prohibited therapies has been 
completed.
Clarification of the start of 
diary completion
34
Section 8.2.2.2 Impression of 
Severity Assessment
Addition of a recommendation to 
complete the PGI-S and CGI-S 
prior to any other clinical 
assessments 
Clarification of preferred 
order of assessments
35
Section 9.2.1 DMC
Addition of a reference to 
Section 7.6.4 Guidelines for 
Monitoring/Interruption for 
Suicidal Ideation/ Suicidal 
Behavior was added as 
information on referral of SI/SIB 
to the DMC 
Addition reflecting 
agreement with the FDA on 
increased SI/SIB monitoring 
throughout the study.
36
Appendix 3.1 AESI
Clarification that all AESIs, 
regardless of if they are serious 
or non-serious are to be reported 
to Takeda safety
Update to reflect correct 
practices 
37
Appendix 3.2 Collection of 
Adverse Events
Clarification of the AE 
follow-up period
Clarification 
38
Appendix 3.4 Safety Reporting
Update of report form name; 
addition of language to refer to 
the emergency contact 
information
Update to reflect correct 
practices and nomenclature
39
Appendix 3.5 SAE Collection 
Time Frame
Update of report form name; 
addition of language to refer to 
the emergency contact 
information
Update to reflect correct 
practices and nomenclature
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Protocol Amendment 3
Summary of Changes Since the Last Version of the Approved Protocol
Change 
Number
Sections Affected by Change
Description of Each Change and Rationale
Location
Description
Rationale
40
Appendix 3.8 Pregnancy
Update of pregnancy report form 
name; addition of language to 
refer to the emergency contact 
information
Update to reflect correct 
practices and nomenclature
41
Appendix 3.9 Abuse, Misuse, 
Overdose and Medication Error
Addition of requirement to 
submit an SSR form; addition of 
language to refer to the 
emergency contact information
Update to reflect correct 
practices and nomenclature
42
Appendix 8 Site Workflow in 
Case of SI/SIB Assessment
Addition reflecting 
agreement with the FDA on 
increased SI/SIB monitoring 
throughout the study.
AE=adverse event; AESI=adverse event of special interest; BM=bowel movement; CBT=cognitive behavioral therapy; 
CGI-S=caregiver global impression of severity; DMC=data monitoring committee; eCRF=electronic case report form; 
EudraCT=European Union Drug Regulating Authorities Clinical Trials Database; FDA=Food and Drug Administration; 
IP=investigational product; PGI-S=patient global impression of severity (PGI-S); PK=pharmacokinetic(s); SAE=serious 
adverse event; SI=suicidal ideation; SIB=suicidal behavior; SSR=Special Situation Report; US=United States
See Appendix 19 for protocol history.
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PRODUCT QUALITY COMPLAINTS
Investigators are required to report investigational product (IP) quality complaints or 
non-medical complaints to Takeda within 24 hours. If requested, defective product(s) will be 
returned to the sponsor for inspection and analysis.
A product quality complaint includes any instances where there is an allegation or report relating 
to Takeda licensed or IPs, received in writing, electronically, or orally, which indicates an impact 
to a product’s strength, identity, safety, purity, or quality, or which suggests that a product did 
not meet the criteria defined in the regulatory applications, licenses, or marketing authorizations 
for the product. Examples of IP quality complaints include, but are not limited to, the following:
Unit issues
Capsule fill empty or overage
Bottle/vial fill shortage or overage
Capsule/tablet damaged/broken
Syringe/vial cracked/broken
Syringe leakage
Missing components
Product discoloration
Device malfunction
Labeling
Label missing
Leaflet or Instructions For Use 
(IFU) missing 
Label illegible
Incomplete, inaccurate, or 
misleading labeling
Lot number or serial number 
missing
Packaging
Damaged packaging (eg, 
secondary, primary, bag/pouch)
Tampered seals
Inadequate or faulty closure
Missing components within 
package
Foreign 
material
Contaminated product
Particulate in bottle/vial
Particulate in packaging
Please report the product quality complaint via email:
ctmcomplaint@takeda.com
Telephone number (provided for reference if needed): 1-800-828-2088 (US Toll Free)
For instructions on reporting adverse events (AEs) related to product complaints, see 
Appendix 3.4.
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
PROTOCOL SIGNATURE PAGE .................................................................................................2
SUMMARY OF CHANGES FROM PREVIOUS PROTOCOL VERSION..................................3
EMERGENCY CONTACT INFORMATION................................................................................9
PRODUCT QUALITY COMPLAINTS........................................................................................10
LIST OF TABLES.........................................................................................................................16
LIST OF FIGURES .......................................................................................................................16
LIST OF APPENDICES................................................................................................................16
1.
PROTOCOL SUMMARY......................................................................................................17
1.1
Synopsis ...................................................................................................................17
1.2
Schema .....................................................................................................................26
1.3
Schedule of Activities ..............................................................................................27
2.
INTRODUCTION..................................................................................................................33
2.1
Indication and Current Treatment Options...............................................................33
2.2
Product Background and Clinical Information ........................................................33
2.3
Study Rationale ........................................................................................................34
2.4
Benefit/Risk Assessment..........................................................................................34
2.5
Compliance Statement..............................................................................................34
3.
OBJECTIVES AND ENDPOINTS........................................................................................35
3.1
Study Objectives ......................................................................................................35
3.1.1
Primary Objectives.................................................................................................35
3.1.2
Key Secondary Objectives.....................................................................................35
3.1.3
Other Secondary Objectives ..................................................................................35
3.1.4
Exploratory Objectives ..........................................................................................35
3.2
Study Endpoints .......................................................................................................36
3.2.1
Primary Endpoint...................................................................................................36
3.2.2
Key Secondary Endpoints......................................................................................36
3.2.3
Other Secondary Endpoint.....................................................................................36
3.2.4
Exploratory Endpoints ...........................................................................................36
3.2.5
Safety Endpoint......................................................................................................37
3.2.6
PK Endpoint...........................................................................................................38
4.
STUDY DESIGN ...................................................................................................................39
4.1
Overall Design..........................................................................................................39
4.2
Scientific Rationale for Study Design......................................................................41
4.3
Justification for Dose ...............................................................................................42
4.4
Duration of Subject Participation and Study Completion Definition ......................43
4.5
Sites and Regions .....................................................................................................44
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5.
STUDY POPULATION.........................................................................................................45
5.1
Inclusion Criteria......................................................................................................45
5.2
Exclusion Criteria.....................................................................................................46
5.3
Restrictions...............................................................................................................49
5.4
Reproductive Potential .............................................................................................50
5.4.1
Female Contraception............................................................................................50
5.4.2
Male contraception.................................................................................................50
6.
STUDY INTERVENTION ....................................................................................................52
6.1
IP ..............................................................................................................................52
6.1.1
Identity of IP ..........................................................................................................52
6.1.2
Blinding the Treatment Assignment......................................................................52
6.2
Administration of IP.................................................................................................52
6.2.1
Interactive Response Technology for Investigational Product Management ........52
6.2.2
Allocation of Subjects to Treatment ......................................................................53
6.2.3
Dosing....................................................................................................................53
6.2.4
Unblinding the Treatment Assignment..................................................................55
6.2.5
Dose Modification .................................................................................................55
6.3
Labeling, Packaging, Storage, and Handling of Investigational Product.................56
6.3.1
Labeling .................................................................................................................56
6.3.2
Packaging...............................................................................................................56
6.3.3
Storage ...................................................................................................................56
6.4
Labeling, Packaging, Storage, and Handling of Rescue Medication.......................57
6.5
Drug Accountability.................................................................................................57
6.6
Subject Compliance..................................................................................................58
6.7
Prior and Concomitant Treatment............................................................................58
6.7.1
Prior Treatment ......................................................................................................58
6.7.2
Concomitant Treatment .........................................................................................59
6.7.3
Permitted Treatment...............................................................................................59
6.7.3.1
Rescue Medication .................................................................................59
6.7.3.2
Disimpaction Procedure During Screening Period ................................61
6.7.3.3
Standard of Care: Behavioral Therapy...................................................61
6.7.3.4
Other.......................................................................................................62
6.7.4
Prohibited Treatment .............................................................................................62
7.
DISCONTINUATION OF STUDY INTERVENTION AND SUBJECT 
DISCONTINUATION/WITHDRAWAL..........................................................................64
7.1
Discontinuation of Study Treatment ........................................................................64
7.2
Discontinuation of Study IP .....................................................................................64
7.3
Reasons for Discontinuation ....................................................................................64
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7.4
Withdrawal from the Study......................................................................................65
7.5
Subjects Lost to Follow-up Prior to the Last Scheduled Visit .................................65
7.6
Safety-related Stopping Rules..................................................................................65
7.6.1
Guidelines for Monitoring/Interruption for Clinically Significant Findings 
in Laboratory Parameters.......................................................................................66
7.6.2
Guidelines for Monitoring/Interruption for Clinically Significant Findings 
on ECG from Baseline, Cardiac-related Findings in Signs and Symptoms ..........67
7.6.3
Guidelines for Monitoring/Interruption for Clinically Significant Findings 
from Gastrointestinal AEs......................................................................................67
7.6.4
Guidelines for Monitoring/Interruption for Suicidal Ideation/Suicidal 
Behavior.................................................................................................................67
8.
STUDY ASSESSMENTS AND PROCEDURES..................................................................69
8.1
Study Periods............................................................................................................69
8.1.1
Screening Period....................................................................................................69
8.1.1.1
Screening Visit (Visit 1).........................................................................69
8.1.1.2
Baseline Visit (Visit 2)...........................................................................70
8.1.2
Placebo-controlled Part (Part A)............................................................................70
8.1.2.1
Visits 3-5, 7-9, and 11-13 (Weeks 1-3, 5-7, and 9-11) ..........................70
8.1.2.2
Visits 6, 10, and 14 (Weeks 4, 8, and 12) ..............................................71
8.1.3
Safety Extension Part (Part B) ...............................................................................71
8.1.3.1
Visits 15a, 16, 18, 20, 22 (Weeks 14, 20, 28, 36, and 44) .....................71
8.1.3.2
Visits 15b, 17, 19, and 21 (Weeks 16, 24, 32, and 40) ..........................71
8.1.3.3
Visit 23 (Week 48): Final Visit or Early Termination ...........................72
8.1.4
Follow-up Period ...................................................................................................72
8.1.5
Unscheduled Visits ................................................................................................72
8.1.6
Additional Care of Subjects after the Study ..........................................................72
8.2
Study Assessments ...................................................................................................73
8.2.1
Demographic and Other Baseline Characteristics .................................................73
8.2.1.1
Height and Weight .................................................................................73
8.2.1.2
Medical and Medication History............................................................73
8.2.2
Efficacy..................................................................................................................73
8.2.2.1
E-Diary...................................................................................................73
8.2.2.2
Impression of Severity Assessment........................................................76
8.2.2.3
Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory Gastrointestinal Symptom Scales 
(PedsQL GI; Gas and Bloating Module)................................................76
8.2.2.4
Retentive Posturing ................................................................................77
8.2.2.5
Fecal Incontinence..................................................................................77
8.2.3
Safety .....................................................................................................................77
8.2.3.1
Physical Examination.............................................................................77
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8.2.3.2
Adverse Events.......................................................................................78
8.2.3.3
Vital Signs..............................................................................................78
8.2.3.4
Clinical Laboratory Tests.......................................................................79
8.2.3.5
Pregnancy Test .......................................................................................79
8.2.3.6
12-Lead Electrocardiogram....................................................................79
8.2.4
Clinical Pharmacology...........................................................................................79
8.2.4.1
Blood Sample Collection and Handling Procedures..............................80
8.2.4.2
Plasma Drug Assay Methodology..........................................................80
8.2.5
Volume of Blood to Be Drawn from Each Subject ...............................................80
8.3
Changes to Study Procedures Due to COVID-19 or Similar Pandemic ..................81
9.
STATISTICAL CONSIDERATIONS ...................................................................................83
9.1
Statistical Analysis Process......................................................................................83
9.2
Planned Interim Analysis and DMC ........................................................................83
9.2.1
DMC ......................................................................................................................83
9.2.2
Interim Analyses ....................................................................................................84
9.3
Sample Size and Power Considerations...................................................................84
9.4
Estimands .................................................................................................................86
9.5
Statistical Analysis Sets ...........................................................................................87
9.6
Efficacy Analyses.....................................................................................................89
9.6.1
Primary Efficacy Endpoint ....................................................................................89
9.6.2
Primary Endpoint Hypothesis................................................................................89
9.6.2.1
Primary Efficacy Analysis .....................................................................89
9.6.3
Key Secondary Efficacy Endpoints .......................................................................90
9.6.3.1
Key Secondary Efficacy Analysis..........................................................90
9.6.4
Other Secondary Efficacy Endpoints.....................................................................91
9.6.5
Exploratory Efficacy Endpoints.............................................................................91
9.6.5.1
Other Secondary and Exploratory Efficacy Analyses............................92
9.6.5.2
Exploratory Efficacy Analysis for non-toilet-trained subjects...............92
9.6.6
Multiplicity Adjustment for Primary and Secondary Endpoints ...........................93
9.6.7
Missing Data and Sensitivity Analyses..................................................................93
9.7
Safety Analysis.........................................................................................................95
9.7.1
AEs.........................................................................................................................95
9.7.2
Vital Signs (Blood Pressure, Heart Rate) and Body Weight .................................95
9.7.3
ECG........................................................................................................................96
9.7.4
Clinical Laboratory Tests.......................................................................................96
9.7.5
Safety Analyses (Non-Toilet-trained Subjects) .....................................................97
9.8
PK and PK/Pharmacodynamic Analyses .................................................................97
9.8.1
Health-related Quality of Life Analyses (Toilet-trained Subjects)........................97
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9.8.2
Subgroup Analyses ................................................................................................98
10. REFERENCES .......................................................................................................................99
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LIST OF TABLES
Table 1
Schedule of Activities – Placebo-controlled Part (Part A)............................27
Table 2
Schedule of Activities – Safety Extension Part (Part B) ...............................31
Table 3
Volume of Blood to Be Drawn from Each Subject.......................................81
LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 1
Study Schematic Diagram .............................................................................26
Figure 2
Average Change from Baseline in Spontaneous Bowel Movements 
(Study SPD555-C303)...................................................................................85
LIST OF APPENDICES
Appendix 1
Regulatory, Ethical, and Study Oversight Considerations ..........................100
Appendix 2
Clinical Laboratory Tests ............................................................................108
Appendix 3
AEs: Definitions and Procedures for Recording, Evaluating, Follow-
Up, and Reporting .......................................................................................109
Appendix 4
Contraceptive Guidance ..............................................................................118
Appendix 5
Rescue Medication Algorithm.....................................................................120
Appendix 6
Scales and Assessments...............................................................................121
Appendix 7
Bedside Schwartz Equation.........................................................................122
Appendix 8
Site Workflow in Case of SI/SIB Assessment ............................................123
Appendix 9
e-Diary Text for Completion by Caregivers of Non-Toilet-Trained 
Subjects at Least 6 Months of Age..............................................................124
Appendix 10
e-Diary Text for Completion by Caregivers of Toilet-Trained Subjects 
3 to <8 Years of Age ...................................................................................126
Appendix 11
e-Diary Text for Self-Completion by Toilet-Trained Subjects at Least 
8 Years of Age.............................................................................................130
Appendix 12
PedsQL Gastrointestinal Symptoms: Overview of Questionnaires.............134
Appendix 13
PedsQL Gastrointestinal Symptoms Modules.............................................135
Appendix 14
Wong-Baker Faces Scale.............................................................................139
Appendix 15
NRS .............................................................................................................140
Appendix 16
BSFS............................................................................................................141
Appendix 17
Global Impression of Severity.....................................................................142
Appendix 18
Abbreviations ..............................................................................................143
Appendix 19
Protocol History...........................................................................................146
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1.
PROTOCOL SUMMARY
1.1
Synopsis
Protocol number: TAK-555-3010
Drug: Prucalopride succinate
Title of the study: Phase 3, Multicenter, Randomized Study with 2 Different Doses of Prucalopride 
Administered to Male and Female Pediatric Subjects Aged 6 Months to 17 Years with Functional Constipation, 
Consisting of a 12 week Double-blind, Placebo-controlled Part (Part A) to Evaluate Efficacy and Safety Followed 
by a 36-week Double-blind Extension Part (Part B) to Document Long-term Safety up to Week 48
Short title: Double-blind, Placebo-controlled and Long-term Study Evaluating the Efficacy and Safety of 
Prucalopride in Pediatric Subjects with Functional Constipation
Study phase: 3
Number of subjects (total and per treatment arm):
Approximately 240 toilet-trained subjects (~80 subjects per treatment arm) are planned to be included. In 
addition, for exploratory purposes, up to 15 non-toilet-trained subjects (~5 subjects per treatment arm) are 
planned to be included.
Investigator(s): to be determined
Site(s) and Region(s): It is anticipated that the study will be conducted at approximately 40-45 sites in the United 
States (US). Other countries/regions may be added if needed.
Study period (planned):
Approximately 52 months
Clinical phase:
3
Objectives:
Primary: 

To evaluate the efficacy of prucalopride during the 12-week double-blind, placebo-controlled treatment 
phase in toilet-trained subjects with functional constipation who are at least 3 years of age.

To evaluate the long-term (48 weeks) safety and tolerability of prucalopride in toilet-trained subjects with 
functional constipation who are at least 3 years of age. 
Key Secondary:

To evaluate the efficacy of prucalopride on signs and symptoms of functional constipation (stool consistency, 
straining, and stool frequency responder index), during the 12-week double-blind, placebo-controlled 
treatment phase in toilet-trained subjects with functional constipation who are at least 3 years of age.
Other Secondary:

To evaluate the effect of prucalopride on the frequency of fecal incontinence.

To evaluate safety and tolerability of prucalopride over 12 weeks of treatment in toilet-trained subjects who 
are at least 3 years of age.

To evaluate the pharmacokinetics (PK) of prucalopride by combining sparse PK blood sampling that will be 
conducted during the 12-week double-blind, placebo-controlled phase together with the data from previous 
pediatric studies for further population PK analysis (separate reporting).
Exploratory:

To further explore the efficacy of prucalopride on signs and symptoms of functional constipation during the 
12-week double-blind, placebo-controlled treatment phase in toilet-trained subjects with functional 
constipation who are at least 3 years of age.

To explore the efficacy of prucalopride during the 12-week double-blind, placebo-controlled treatment phase 
in non-toilet-trained subjects with functional constipation who are at least 6 months of age.
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
To evaluate the long-term (48 weeks) safety and tolerability of prucalopride in non-toilet-trained subjects 
with functional constipation who are at least 6 months of age.

To evaluate safety and tolerability of prucalopride over 12 weeks of treatment in non-toilet-trained subjects 
with functional constipation who are at least 6 months of age.

To explore the relationship between PK data and efficacy/safety endpoints of interest.
Rationale:
This study is designed to satisfy the 2 post marketing requirements (PMR 3529-1 and PMR 3529-2/6) as 
mandated in the new drug application (NDA) approval letter of December 2018 for prucalopride (indicated for 
the treatment of chronic idiopathic constipation in adults) and to fulfill the Pediatric Research Equity Act 
(PREA). The FDA agreed to the combination of these 2 PMRs in a post-approval interaction.
Investigational product, dose, and mode of administration:
Dose of prucalopride (oral solution or tablet) or placebo (oral solution or tablet) is dependent on the subject’s 
body weight (BW) at the randomization visit. The investigational product will be provided as oral solution 
(prucalopride 0.4 mg/mL or placebo) or as tablets (prucalopride 2 mg or placebo).

Low Dose Group: each subject weighing <50 kg will receive a daily dose of 0.04 mg/kg with the volume of 
the oral solution based on their individual BW at the randomization visit. These subjects will draw equal 
volumes from one bottle of 0.4 mg/mL prucalopride oral solution and one bottle of placebo oral solution to 
account for the daily dose assigned. Subjects weighing ≥50 kg will be dosed with one 2-mg tablet of 
prucalopride and 1 placebo tablet.

High Dose Group: each subject weighing <50 kg will receive a daily dose of 0.08 mg/kg with the volume of 
the oral solution based on their individual BW at the randomization visit. These subjects will draw equal 
volumes from 2 bottles of 0.4 mg/mL prucalopride oral solution to account for the daily dose assigned. 
Subjects weighing ≥50 kg will be dosed daily with two 2-mg tablets of prucalopride.

Matching placebo: Subjects weighing <50 kg will draw equal volumes from 2 bottles of placebo oral solution 
to account for the daily dose assigned. Subjects weighing ≥50 kg will be dosed daily with 2 tablets of 
placebo. 
Each subject weighing <50 kg at baseline can undergo a dose adjustment for oral solution based on weight at 
Week 24. In case the subject has crossed the 50-kg threshold, he/she will be switched from oral solution to tablet, 
provided he/she can swallow the tablet. If the subject cannot swallow the tablet, he/she can receive the tablet dose 
as oral solution. Depending on the treatment group, subjects cannot exceed the maximum dose of 2 or 4 mg. 
More detailed information will be provided in study materials.
The color, size, and shape of the prucalopride and placebo tablets are identical, as are the color and taste of 
prucalopride and placebo bottles and oral solution.
Methodology:
This is a Phase 3, multicenter, randomized study consisting of a 12-week double-blind, placebo-controlled part 
(Part A) followed by a 36-week double-blind safety extension part (Part B) to document safety and tolerability up 
to 48 weeks in male and female pediatric and adolescent subjects with functional constipation as defined by the
modified Rome IV criteria for child/adolescent Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders (FGID).
The study will start with a 10- to 33-day screening period, including a disimpaction for all subjects, a 12-week 
double-blind Placebo-controlled Part (Part A) followed by a 36-week long-term double-blind (for dose) Safety 
Extension Part (Part B), and a follow-up call approximately 4 weeks after the last administration of the IP.
Approximately 240 toilet-trained pediatric/adolescent subjects, ages 3 to 17 years with functional constipation are 
planned for randomization in a 1:1:1 ratio to the Low Dose Group, High Dose Group, or matching placebo 
(placebo-controlled part [Part A]). After completion of the 12-week placebo-controlled Part A, subjects in the 
placebo group will be re-randomized in a 1:1 ratio to the Low Dose Group or the High Dose Group (safety 
extension part [Part B]). For exploratory purposes, in addition to the 240 toilet-trained pediatric/adolescent 
subjects who are at least 3 years of age, the study is targeted to enroll a maximum of 15 non-toilet-trained 
subjects who are at least 6 months of age. These subjects will not be included in the primary analyses; they will 
be part of the exploratory analyses for descriptive purposes. 
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The Enrolled Analysis Set will include both toilet-trained and non-toilet-trained subjects. Study enrollment of 
toilet-trained subjects will be stopped as soon as 240 subjects who are at least 3 years of age are included. If, at 
that point, less than 15 non-toilet trained subjects who are at least 6 months of age have been included, enrollment 
in that group will continue.
Randomization at study entry will be stratified by toilet-trained status. Toilet-trained subjects will be additionally 
stratified by age group (<12 years, 12 to 17 years) and average number of spontaneous bowel movements 
(SBM)/week (≤1; >1) during the screening period. Non-toilet-trained subjects will be additionally stratified by 
SBM/week (≤1; >1) during the screening period.
The study completion date is defined as the date the last subject, across all sites, completes his/her final 
protocol-defined assessment (ie, the follow-up call or end of study visit). The study completion date is used to 
ascertain timing for study results posting and reporting. 
Inclusion and Exclusion Criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:
The subject will be eligible for the study when meeting all of the criteria below:
To be verified at screening:
1.
Subjects and/or their parent(s)/caregiver(s)/legally authorized representative(s) have an understanding, 
ability, and willingness to fully comply with study procedures and restrictions.
2.
Ability to voluntarily provide written, signed, and dated (personally or via parent[s]/caregiver[s]/legally 
authorized representative[s]) informed consent/assent as applicable to participate in the study.
Note: Subjects and/or parent(s)/caregiver(s)/legally authorized representative(s) (where appropriate 
depending on age and local regulation) can also provide consent/assent to the PK sparse sampling in this 
study.
3.
Toilet-trained subjects 3 years to 17 years of age, inclusive, or non-toilet-trained subjects 6 months to 
17 years of age, inclusive.
4.
Subject weighs ≥5.5 kg (12 lbs).
5.
Male, or non-pregnant, non-lactating female subjects who are sexually active and agree to comply with the 
applicable contraceptive requirements of the protocol or females of non-childbearing potential.
Note: All female subjects ≥12 years and/or female subjects <12 years who have started menarche must have 
a negative serum pregnancy test at screening.
6.
Subject meets modified Rome IV criteria: 

For child/adolescent (aged >4 years) functional constipation (H3a):
Subjects must have ≤2 defecations per week and 1 or more of the following occurring at least once per 
week for a minimum of 1 month:
a. ≥1 episode of fecal incontinence per week (only for subjects after the acquisition of toileting skills).
b. History of retentive posturing* or excessive volitional stool retention.
c. History of painful or hard bowel movements (BMs).
d. Presence of large fecal mass in rectum.
e. History of large diameter stools which can obstruct the toilet.
In addition, the subject does not satisfy sufficient criteria for a diagnosis of irritable bowel syndrome 
(IBS) and, after appropriate evaluation, the subject’s symptoms cannot be fully explained by another 
medical condition.

For infants/toddler (aged 6 months to ≤4 years) functional constipation (G7):
Subjects must have ≤2 defecations per week and ≥1 month of at least 1 of the following:
a. History of excessive stool retention
b. History of painful or hard BMs
c. History of large-diameter stools (in the diaper)
d. Presence of a large fecal mass in the rectum
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In toilet-trained children, the following additional criteria may be used:
e. At least 1 episode/week of incontinence** after the acquisition of toileting skills
f. History of large-diameter stools which may obstruct the toilet
7.
Subject and/or parent(s)/caregiver(s)/legally authorized representative(s) is willing to discontinue any 
laxatives during the screening period up to disimpaction and agrees to adhere to the protocol-specified 
disimpaction and rescue medication rules, if applicable.
To be evaluated prior to randomization:
8.
Subject has an average of <3 SBMs (defecations) per week during the screening period and prior to the 
disimpaction.
9.
Subject or legally authorized representative (dependent on subject age) is compliant with completing the 
electronic diary for at least 7 consecutive days preceding the disimpaction. 
Exclusion Criteria:
The subject will not be eligible for participation in the study if any of the following exclusion criteria are met. 
To be evaluated during the screening period:
1.
Current or recurrent disease that could affect the action, absorption, or disposition of the IP, or clinical or
laboratory assessments.
2.
Any clinically significant abnormal findings on the electrocardiogram (ECG) that indicates a dysrhythmia or 
conduction abnormalities (such as abnormal heart rate, PR, QRS, or QT).
3.
Major cardiovascular disease such as: cardiomyopathy, cardiac insufficiency, uncorrected congenital heart 
disease, symptomatic valve disorders, or septal defects.
4.
Current or relevant history of physical or psychiatric illness (eg, severe autism, depression, etc), any medical 
disorder that may require treatment or make the subject unlikely to fully complete the study, or any 
condition that presents undue risk from the IP or procedures.
5.
Non-retentive fecal incontinence*.
6.
Intestinal perforation or obstruction due to structural or functional disorder of the gut wall, obstructive ileus, 
severe inflammatory conditions of the intestinal tract such as Crohn’s disease, ulcerative colitis, and toxic 
megacolon/megarectum.
7.
Current use of any medication (including over the counter, herbal, or homeopathic preparations) that could 
affect (improve or worsen) the condition being studied (eg, opioids), or could affect the action, absorption, 
or disposition of the IP, or clinical or laboratory assessment. (Current use is defined as use within 5 days.) 
8.
Subjects with renal impairment: 
a. Subjects ≤2 years of age with serum creatinine greater than normal (screening sample results using 
central laboratory pediatric reference ranges).
b. Subjects >2 years of age with severe renal impairment or end stage renal disease (estimated glomerular 
filtration rate (eGFR) <30 mL/min/1.73 m²) 
9.
Known or suspected intolerance or hypersensitivity to the IP(s), closely related compounds, or any of the 
stated ingredients.
10. Known history of alcohol or other substance abuse within the last year.
11. Within 30 days prior to the first dose of the IP in the current study:

Have used any IP.

Have been enrolled in a clinical study (including vaccine studies) that may or may not include the 
administration of an IP that, in the investigator’s opinion, may impact this study.
12. Subject used prucalopride within 10 days prior to the first dose of the IP or has been unsuccessfully treated 
with prucalopride before.
13. Subject meets Rome IV criteria for other Child/Adolescent FGID (H1 – H2 and H3b).
14. Subject with secondary causes of constipation, eg:
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
Endocrine disorders (eg, hypopituitarism, hypothyroidism, hypercalcemia, pheochromocytoma, 
glucagon-producing tumors) unless these are controlled by appropriate medical therapy. Subject with 
uncontrolled diabetes mellitus is to be excluded

Metabolic disorders (eg, porphyria, uremia, hypokalemia, hypothyroidism, amyloid neuropathy), unless 
controlled by appropriate medical therapy

Neurological disorders (eg, cerebral tumors, cerebrovascular accidents, multiple sclerosis, meningocele, 
aganglionosis, hypoganglionosis, hyperganglionosis, autonomic neuropathy, spinal cord injury, Chagas 
disease)

Organic disorders (known or suspected) of the large bowel (eg, obstruction from any cause including 
biliary obstruction, malignancy, intestinal perforation, obstructive ileus, pseudo-obstruction, history of 
or current anorectal malformations, severe inflammation of the intestinal tract, such as Crohn’s disease, 
ulcerative colitis or toxic megacolon/megarectum, Hirschsprung’s disease)

Celiac disease, cowmilk allergy

Surgery: history of gastrointestinal surgery related or possibly related to the presence of constipation

Lactose intolerance
15. Any of the following clinically significant abnormalities of serum biochemistry:

Serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST) >1.5 times upper limit of normal (ULN) at screening.

Serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) >1.5 times ULN at screening.

Total bilirubin outside the age-adjusted normal range, except for subjects with Gilbert’s syndrome.
16. Any significant underlying liver disease. 
17. Subject is not able to swallow the IP (liquid or tablet).
18. Subject is pregnant or planning to get pregnant during the study period.
To be evaluated prior to randomization:
19. Subject has used other disimpaction medication in lieu of the protocol-provided medication.
20. Subject has used non-protocol approved medications to induce BMs during the screening period or 
disimpaction.
21. The subject has failed the disimpaction based on the investigator’s assessment.
22. Worsening of depression and emergence of suicidal thoughts.
* Fecal incontinence is defined as unintentional smear or liquid stool in the underwear that is not due to poor 
wiping. Fecal incontinence can only occur in toilet-trained subjects. Non-retentive fecal incontinence is 
diagnosed (must include at least a 1-month history in a child with a developmental age older than 4 years for all 
the following): (i) defecation in places inappropriate to the sociocultural context, (ii) no evidence of fecal 
retention, and (iii) after appropriate evaluation, the fecal incontinence cannot be explained by another medical 
condition.
** Retentive posturing is defined as the attempt to preserve continence by vigorous contraction of the gluteal 
muscles. Children with retentive posturing will be typically tight legged, tiptoed, and/or will have a back-arching 
posture.
Maximum duration of subject participation in the study:

Planned duration of screening period: 10 to 33 days 

Planned duration of Placebo-controlled Part (Part A): 12 weeks

Planned duration of Safety Extension Part (Part B): 36 weeks

Planned duration of follow-up: 4 weeks
Statistical analysis:
Analysis Sets

Toilet-trained subjects who are at least 3 years of age
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
Screened Set: The screened set will consist of all toilet-trained subjects who are at least 3 years of age 
and who have signed an informed consent form.

Enrolled Set: The enrolled set will consist of all toilet-trained subjects who are at least 3 years of age 
and who have signed informed consent and also passed inclusion/exclusion criteria.

Intent-to-treat (ITT) Analysis Set: The ITT analysis set will consist of all toilet-trained randomized 
subjects who are at least 3 years of age. 

Modified Intent-to-treat (mITT) Analysis Set: The mITT analysis set will consist of all toilet-trained 
randomized subjects who are at least 3 years of age and who receive at least 1 dose of investigational 
product. The treatment arm will be the arm to which they were randomized, regardless of what 
treatment they received.

Safety Analysis Set: The safety analysis set will consist of all toilet-trained randomized subjects who 
are at least 3 years of age and who receive at least 1 dose of investigational product. Subjects will be 
analyzed according to treatment received.

Per-protocol (PP) Analysis Set: The PP analysis set will consist of all toilet-trained randomized 
subjects who are at least 3 years of age and who do not have major protocol deviations that may affect 
the primary efficacy endpoint.

Completers Analysis Set: The Completers Analysis Set will consist of all toilet-trained subjects who 
are at least 3 years of age and in the mITT Analysis Set who have completed the daily diary for at least 
12 weeks during Part A of the study.

Non-toilet-trained subjects

Non-toilet-trained Enrolled Set: The enrolled set will consist of all non-toilet-trained subjects who 
have signed informed consent and also passed inclusion/exclusion criteria.

Non-toilet-trained Intent-to-treat (NTTITT) Analysis Set: The ITT analysis set will consist of all 
non-toilet-trained randomized subjects.

Non-toilet-trained Modified Intent-to-treat (NTTmITT) Analysis Set: The mITT analysis set will 
consist of all non-toilet-trained randomized subjects who receive at least 1 dose of IP. The treatment 
arm will be the arm to which they were randomized, regardless of what treatment they received.

Non-toilet-trained Safety Analysis Set (NTTSAF): The safety analysis set will consist of all 
non-toilet-trained randomized subjects who receive at least 1 dose of IP. Subjects will be analyzed 
according to treatment received.

PK analysis Set

Pharmacokinetic Analysis Set: The Pharmacokinetic Analysis Set is defined as all subjects regardless 
of age in the Safety Analysis Set and for whom at least 1 PK sample is evaluable.
Study endpoints:

Primary Endpoint (toilet-trained subjects who are at least 3 years of age):

The average change from baseline in number of SBMs per week derived from the (diary) data over 
12 weeks, collected during the placebo-controlled part (Part A).

Key Secondary Endpoint (toilet-trained subjects who are at least 3 years of age):

The average change from baseline in stool consistency (based on BSFS score), assessed as the weekly 
average during the 12-week double-blind, placebo-controlled treatment phase.

The average change from baseline in straining (based on a 3-point Likert scale, assessed as the weekly 
average during the 12-week double-blind, placebo-controlled treatment phase.

The proportion of responders with a responder defined as a subject having an increase of 
≥1 SBM/week compared to baseline and ≥3 SBMs/week for at least 9 out of the 12 weeks of 
placebo-controlled part (Part A), including 3 of the last 4 weeks.

Other Secondary Endpoints (toilet-trained subjects who are at least 3 years of age):

Proportion of subjects with fecal incontinence per week during the 12-week treatment Period.
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
Exploratory Efficacy Endpoints:

Exploratory efficacy endpoints in toilet-trained subjects who are at least 3 years of age:
o
The average change in worst abdominal pain score over the past 24 hours (based on a 
Wong-Baker faces scale in subjects <8 years and the 11-point NRS in subjects ≥8 years), 
assessed as the weekly average during the 12-week double-blind, placebo-controlled treatment 
phase.
o
Proportion of subjects with an average of ≥3 SBMs per week and increase of ≥1 SBM compared 
to baseline during the 12-week double-blind, placebo-controlled treatment phase.
o
Proportion of subjects with an average of ≤1 SBMs per week during the 12-week double-blind, 
placebo-controlled treatment phase.
o
Proportion of subjects with an average of ≥1 day(s) with rescue medication intakes per week.
o
Proportion of subjects assessed with retentive posturing at monthly visits during the 12-week 
treatment Period.
o
Global evaluation and QoL Health economics and outcomes research endpoints: patient global 
impression of severity (PGI-S), caregiver global impression of severity (CGI-S), and Pediatric 
Quality of Life Inventory (PedsQL) Gas and Bloating Domain Gastrointestinal Symptoms Scale 
(Placebo-controlled Part [Part A]):
Absolute values and change from baseline.
For PedQL Gas and Bloating Domain GI Symptoms Scale-SRM: classified as no, small, moderate, and 
large effect.
o
Proportion of subjects with ≤2 signs/symptoms from the Rome IV Criteria following the 12-week
double-blind, placebo-controlled treatment phase

Efficacy endpoints in non-toilet-trained subjects who are at least 6 months of age:
o
Proportion of subjects with an average of ≥3 SBMs per week and increase of ≥1 SBM compared 
to baseline during the 12-week double-blind, placebo-controlled treatment phase.
o
Number of SBMs per week in categories ≤1 and >1 during the 12-week double-blind, placebo-
controlled treatment phase.
o
The average change from baseline in stool consistency (based on BSFS score), assessed as the 
weekly average during the 12-week double-blind, placebo-controlled treatment phase.

Safety Endpoint: The proportion of subjects with treatment Emergent Adverse Events (TEAEs) (serious, 
non-serious, related, non-related) and the proportion of subjects with clinically relevant laboratory test 
abnormalities, ECG findings, vital signs findings, or new findings in physical examination over 12 and 
48 weeks of treatment.
Note: An AE (classified by preferred term) that occurs during this study will be considered a TEAE if it has a 
start date on or after the first dose of double-blind investigational product or if it has a start date before the 
date of the first dose of double-blind investigational product, but increases in severity on or after the date of 
the first dose of double-blind investigational product. An AE that occurs more than 5 days (5x half-life of 24
hours) after the date of the last dose of double-blind investigational product will not be counted as a TEAE.

Pharmacokinetic Endpoint: For all subjects who consent, regardless of toilet-training and age, sparse PK 
blood sampling will be conducted during the 12-week double-blind, placebo-controlled phase. The obtained 
plasma concentrations, together with the data from previous pediatric studies (PRU-USA-12, PRU-USA-24 
and SHP555-303), will be used for further population PK analysis and the refined model will be used to 
characterize prucalopride's PK properties and the relationship between PK and efficacy/safety endpoints of 
interest may be explored (separate reporting). Individual plasma concentrations with corresponding sampling 
times post-dose will be tabulated per visit. A graphical presentation will be used to visualize the plasma 
concentration-time relationship. Descriptive statistics will be calculated per visit and at specific post dose 
time intervals.
Statistical methodology for primary efficacy endpoint(s):
The primary endpoint will be derived as follows:
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
For each subject, the number of SBMs will be calculated (using the formula below) for each of the 12 weeks 
in the Placebo-controlled Part (Part A) of the study and for baseline:
The (average) number of SBMs during the screening period (baseline) will be calculated as follows: 
	 
  () =
7 ∗(
 	 
  	 ℎ 	  	
)
(	 
  !ℎ
	"
 	 ℎ 	  	
)

: $ ℎ  
 ℎ  
  	
	 (3 
 12 )

For the calculation of weekly number of SBM, it is required that there are at least 4 days with completed 
diary data (ie, evaluable days). A day is considered evaluable (day with diary information) when at least some 
information on BM was recorded (ie, “no BM today” or the time of at least 1 BM was recorded). A minimum 
of 4 days each week are necessary to perform a weekly evaluation.

If there is no completed diary data available for at least 4 days, then weekly number of SBM will be set to 
missing and the missing weekly number of SBMs per week up to Week 12 will be imputed using hybrid 
imputation approach.

The (average) number of SBM per week post-baseline will be calculated as:
	 
  (() ) =
7 ∗(
 	 
   () )
(	 
  !ℎ
	"
  () )

The change from baseline in number of SBM/week can be derived at each week during the Placebo-
controlled Part (Part A) of the study. The average change from baseline in number of SBM/week over the 
12-week placebo-controlled Part A will be estimated through statistical modeling. 
Note that BMs during the disimpaction period(s) which can take 3 to 12 days during the screening period and 
BMs within 24 hours after rescue medication intake during Part A, will not be counted. 
Missing data will be imputed using a hybrid imputation approach prior to analysis of primary efficacy endpoint. 
The primary efficacy endpoint will be analyzed using a mixed model for repeated measures (MMRM). The 
MMRM will include treatment group, age groups, study week, treatment-group-by-study-week interaction as 
fixed effects, baseline number of SBM/week as a covariate and subject as a random effect. An unstructured 
variance-covariance matrix will be used to model the within-subject errors for both treatment groups. The average 
change from baseline over 12 weeks will be estimated (LS means) by the above MMRM. The treatment 
difference in LS means between active treatment group versus placebo will be estimated. P-value, treatment 
difference in LS means and associated 95% confidence interval from the multiple imputed datasets will be 
combined using Rubin’s rules, as implemented in the PROC MIANALYZE procedure of SASÒ Version 9.4 or 
higher (SAS Institute, Cary, NC 27513). The restricted maximum likelihood method will be used, with an 
unstructured covariance structure (UN). If the UN covariance structure fails to converge, as an alternative, the 
Compound symmetry (CS) covariance matrix will be applied. For purpose of convergence, pooling of smaller 
centers might be needed, decisions on pooling will be made before unblinding.
Statistical methodology for key secondary efficacy endpoints
Missing data will be imputed using a hybrid imputation approach prior to analyses of key secondary efficacy 
endpoints.
The continuous endpoints using the MMRM with the same covariates and factors as for the primary endpoint.
The binary endpoints using Cochran Mantel Haenszel test, controlling for the stratification variables age and 
baseline number of SBMs/week. An overall combined p-value, response rates and difference in response rates 
plus 95% confidence interval will be derived using Rubin’s rules, as implemented in the PROC MIANALYZE 
procedure. The CMH test statistic will be normalized using the Wilson-Hilferty transformation before combining.
Statistical methodology for other and exploratory efficacy endpoints
For the other and exploratory efficacy endpoints based on diary data, the weekly number of SBMs scores will be 
derived in a same way as for the primary endpoint.
The other and exploratory efficacy endpoints will be summarized descriptively by treatment group and evaluated 
over the mITT analysis set. Where possible data will be presented graphically (over time) to support the 
interpretation of the results.
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For binary endpoints, treatment arms will be compared using the Cochran Mantel Haenszel test controlling for 
the stratification variables age and baseline number of SBMs/week. The difference in proportions will be 
presented with a 95% confidence interval.
For continuous endpoints, treatment arms will be compared using the same MMRM as used for primary endpoint 
analysis. No multiplicity adjustment will be performed for the analysis of other and exploratory efficacy 
endpoints.
Additional details are described in the Statistical Analysis Plan.
Safety Analysis 
The safety analysis will be performed using the Safety Analysis Set, according to the investigational 
product/treatment the subject received. 
All safety data will be summarized for the whole study (Part A and Part B combined), and also separately for the 
double-blind treatment part A.
Safety variables include AEs, clinical laboratory variables, vital signs, and ECG variables. For each safety 
variable, the last value collected before the first dose of investigational product will be used as baseline for all 
analyses of that safety variable. Last Value on Treatment will be defined as the last valid assessment obtained 
after Baseline and whilst on investigational product. Last Observed Value will be defined as the last valid 
assessment obtained after Baseline.
Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacokinetic/Pharmacodynamic Analyses
For subjects who consent to the sparse PK sampling, individual plasma concentrations with corresponding 
sampling times post-dose will be tabulated per visit. A graphical presentation will be used to visualize the plasma 
concentration-time relationship. Descriptive statistics will be calculated per visit and at specific post-dose time 
intervals. Plasma levels below the limit of quantification will be flagged.
Plasma concentrations measured in this study will be combined with the results from previous trials in pediatric 
subjects and a population PK analysis will be performed on the pooled data. This analysis will be subject of a 
separate report.
Interim Analysis
Two interim analyses (IA) will be conducted during the study.
The primary objective of the first IA is to evaluate stopping the study for futility.
The first IA will be conducted when 50% the target number of toilet-trained subjects (ie, 120 subjects) are 
randomized into the study and have either completed or had withdrawn from the Placebo-controlled Part (Part A). 
Futility evaluation will be based on the conditional power using a stopping threshold of 20% for each dose arm.
A second IA will be performed when all randomized subjects have completed or had withdrawn from the 
Placebo-controlled Part (Part A). At this IA, the primary endpoint will be analyzed as planned. The data 
monitoring committee (DMC) will then make a recommendation to the sponsor to stop or continue the remainder 
of the study (part B) based on the statistical comparisons of the primary endpoint between both the low and high 
dose prucalopride arms with placebo.
If one of the doses shows a statistically significant difference (based on the Hochberg step-up procedure adjusted 
p-values) with placebo the study will be continued.
To maintain data integrity, the results from the IAs based on unblinded data will be accessible only to an external 
DMC to make a recommendation to the sponsor. At all points, the study team directly involved in the conduct of 
the study will remain blinded to maintain the double-blind nature of the study.
Sample size and power considerations:
With 80 toilet-trained subjects who are at least 3 years of age per treatment arm, Part A of the study will have at 
least 90% power to detect a treatment difference of 1.40 SBMs/week in primary efficacy endpoint between at 
least one active dose versus placebo assuming a pooled standard deviation [SD] of 2.5, using a two-sided 
two-sample t-test at a significance level of 5% based on the Hochberg step-up procedure to control the type I 
error rate for primary efficacy endpoint.
In addition, for exploratory purposes, a maximum of 15 non-toilet-trained subjects is targeted to be enrolled.
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2.
INTRODUCTION
2.1
Indication and Current Treatment Options 
Functional defecation disorders are among the most common complaints that bring a child to the 
attention of a pediatric gastroenterologist. It is rare to find an underlying organic disease as the 
cause, and most children with these symptoms are eventually diagnosed with functional 
constipation (Drossman et al. 2016). A systematic review reported a mean and median 
prevalence of 14% and 12%, respectively (Mugie et al. 2011). 
In the majority of children, constipation is successfully treated with osmotic laxatives and intake 
of a diet rich in fiber (Tabbers et al. 2014); however, in approximately one third of children, 
symptoms persist and cannot be fully resolved with regular enemas and maximum laxative 
intake (Bongers et al. 2009). The constipation may even be severe enough to result in complete 
cessation of spontaneous bowel movements (SBMs) (Wong and Lubowski 2007). 
2.2
Product Background and Clinical Information
Prucalopride (also referenced as TAK-555, SPD555, SHP555, M0001, R093877, and R108512 
in countries where the drug is approved) is a drug that stimulates gastrointestinal motility. 
Prucalopride was first approved in the EU in October 2009 (centralized procedure) for use in 
women only, and approval for use in both adult men and women was received in June 2015. The 
drug was approved in the US (2018) for adult patients with chronic idiopathic constipation. 
Overall, as of 06 Sep 2022, prucalopride has been approved in 74 countries, has active marketing 
authorizations in 65 countries, and is marketed in 54 of these countries as MOTEGRITY®, 
RESOLOR®, RESOTRAN®, RESOTRANS®, and RESOLORTM. The estimated worldwide patient 
exposure to prucalopride as of 31 Aug 2022 is over 707,113 person-years of treatment since 
launch.
Prucalopride belongs to a chemical class of dihydrobenzofuran-carboxamide derivatives with 
strong enterokinetic activity. In fasted awake dogs, the compound induces giant migrating 
contractions, stimulates proximal colonic motility, enhances gastro-pyloric-duodenal motility, 
and accelerates gastric emptying (Briejer et al. 1997b; Wellens and Schuurkes 1996).
It is the first selective high affinity 5-hydroxytryptamine type 4 (5-HT4) receptor agonist, which 
is likely to explain its enterokinetic effects in dogs as well as in humans (Briejer et al. 1997a; 
Briejer et al. 1997b; Briejer et al. 1995). Prucalopride is highly selective when compared to other 
drugs with 5-HT4 receptor agonistic properties: tegaserod and cisapride are non-selective 5-HT4
receptor agonists that interact with other receptors in a concentration range relevant for their 
interaction with 5-HT4 receptors.
The most accurate and current information regarding the drug metabolism, pharmacokinetics 
(PK), efficacy, and safety of prucalopride as well as the overall benefit/risk assessment in adults 
can be found in the investigator’s brochure (IB) and in the prescribing information 
(MOTEGRITY [prucalopride] tablets, for oral use; initial US approval: 2018). 
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2.3
Study Rationale
The safety (both adults and pediatrics) and efficacy (adults only) of prucalopride in 
gastrointestinal motility disorders such as chronic constipation was confirmed in an extensive 
clinical development program consisting of 93 studies (ie, 52 Phase 1, 25 Phase 2, 14 Phase 3, 
and 2 Phase 4 studies). To date, 1 Phase 3 study in pediatric subjects with functional constipation 
has been completed (Study SPD555-303; part of the European Pediatric Investigational Plan for 
prucalopride). Prucalopride was well tolerated in this study; however, the primary efficacy 
endpoint did not reach statistical significance. 
2.4
Benefit/Risk Assessment 
The benefit of prucalopride was established in multiple clinical studies with the following 
outcomes: improvement in the frequency of bowel movements (BMs), bowel symptoms 
(eg, stool symptoms, abdominal symptoms, rectal symptoms), and quality of life (QoL) in adults 
with chronic idiopathic constipation. The post marketing safety experience is consistent with the 
safety data from clinical studies. The safety data collected so far from worldwide sources are in 
accordance with the safety profile described in the IB. The most frequently reported adverse drug 
reactions (ADRs) associated with administration of prucalopride are headache and 
gastrointestinal symptoms (nausea, diarrhea, and abdominal pain). These ADRs occur 
predominantly in the first few days after initiation of treatment and wane with continued 
treatment. They are generally mild to moderate in severity and the proportion of patients who 
discontinue treatment due to these events is low (ie, 13.9%). 
Prucalopride benefits/risk profile remains favorable and provides a new treatment option for 
patients with chronic constipation.
Always refer to the latest version of the prucalopride IB and the prescribing information for the 
overall benefit/risk assessment and the most accurate and current information regarding drug 
metabolism, PK, efficacy, and safety of prucalopride. 
The safety measures in this study are considered standard for a study of an IP in pediatric 
subjects. These include an evaluation of AEs, physical examinations, vital signs measurements, 
clinical laboratory tests (eg, biochemistry, hematology, and urinalysis), and electrocardiograms 
(ECG).
2.5
Compliance Statement
This study will be conducted in accordance with this protocol, the International Council for 
Harmonisation Guideline for Good Clinical Practice E6 (International Council for Harmonisation 
[ICH] Good Clinical Practice [GCP], 1996; E6 R2, 2017), Title 21 of the US Code of Federal 
Regulations (CFR), and applicable national and local regulatory requirements.
The responsibilities of the study sponsor and investigator(s) are described fully in Appendix 1.
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3.
OBJECTIVES AND ENDPOINTS
3.1
Study Objectives
3.1.1
Primary Objectives

To evaluate the efficacy of prucalopride during the 12-week double-blind, 
placebo-controlled treatment phase in toilet-trained subjects with functional constipation 
who are at least 3 years of age.

To evaluate the long-term (48 weeks) safety and tolerability of prucalopride in 
toilet-trained subjects with functional constipation who are at least 3 years of age. 
3.1.2
Key Secondary Objectives

To evaluate the efficacy of prucalopride on signs and symptoms of functional 
constipation (stool consistency, straining, and stool frequency responder index), during 
the 12-week double-blind, placebo-controlled treatment phase in toilet-trained subjects 
with functional constipation who are at least 3 years of age.
3.1.3
Other Secondary Objectives

To evaluate the effect of prucalopride on the frequency of fecal incontinence.

To evaluate safety and tolerability of prucalopride over 12 weeks of treatment in 
toilet-trained subjects who are at least 3 years of age.

To evaluate the PK of prucalopride by combining sparse PK blood sampling that will be 
conducted during the 12-week double-blind, placebo-controlled phase together with the 
data from previous pediatric studies for further population PK analysis (separate 
reporting).
3.1.4
Exploratory Objectives

To further explore the efficacy of prucalopride on signs and symptoms of functional 
constipation during the 12-week double-blind, placebo-controlled treatment phase in 
toilet-trained subjects with functional constipation who are at least 3 years of age.

To explore the efficacy of prucalopride during the 12-week double-blind, 
placebo-controlled treatment phase in non-toilet-trained subjects with functional 
constipation who are at least 6 months of age.

To evaluate the long-term (48 weeks) safety and tolerability of prucalopride in 
non-toilet-trained subjects with functional constipation who are at least 6 months of age.

To evaluate safety and tolerability of prucalopride over 12 and 48 weeks of treatment in 
non-toilet-trained subjects with functional constipation who are at least 6 months of age. 

To explore the relationship between PK and efficacy/safety endpoints of interest.
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3.2
Study Endpoints
3.2.1
Primary Endpoint 
The primary endpoint (in toilet-trained subjects who are at least 3 years of age) is as follows:

The average change from baseline in number of SBMs1 per week derived from the (diary) 
data over 12 weeks, collected during the placebo-controlled part (Part A).
3.2.2
Key Secondary Endpoints 

Efficacy endpoints in toilet-trained subjects who are at least 3 years of age:

The average change from baseline in stool consistency (based on Bristol Stool Form 
Scale [BSFS] score), assessed as the weekly average during the 12-week double-
blind, placebo-controlled treatment phase.

The average change from baseline in straining (based on a 3-point Likert scale), 
assessed as the weekly average during the 12-week double-blind, placebo-controlled 
treatment phase.

The proportion of responders with a responder defined as a subject having an 
increase of ≥1 SBM/week compared to baseline and ≥3 SBMs/week for at least 9 out 
of the 12 weeks of placebo-controlled part (Part A), including 3 of the last 4 weeks.
3.2.3
Other Secondary Endpoint

Efficacy endpoints in toilet-trained subjects who are at least 3 years of age:

Proportion of subjects with fecal incontinence per week during the 12-week 
treatment Period.
3.2.4
Exploratory Endpoints 

Efficacy endpoints in toilet-trained subjects who are at least 3 years of age:

The average change in worst abdominal pain score over the past 24 hours (based on a 
Wong-Baker faces scale in subjects <8 years and the 11-point numeric rating scale 
[NRS] in subjects ≥8 years), assessed as the weekly average during the 12-week 
double-blind, placebo-controlled treatment phase.

Proportion of subjects with an average of ≥3 SBMs per week and increase of 
≥1 SBM compared to baseline during a 12-week double-blind, placebo-controlled 
treatment phase.

Proportion of subjects with an average of ≤1 SBMs per week during the 12-week 
double-blind, placebo-controlled treatment phase.
1 A BM is defined as spontaneous (SBM) if not preceded within a period of 24 hours by the intake of rescue 
medication.
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
Proportion of subjects with an average of ≥1 day(s) with rescue medication intakes 
per week.

Proportion of subjects assessed with retentive posturing at monthly visits during the 
12-week treatment Period.
Retentive posturing is defined as the attempt to preserve continence by vigorous 
contraction of the gluteal muscles. Children with retentive posturing will be typically 
tight legged, tiptoed, and/or will have a back-arching posture.

Global evaluation and QoL Health economics and outcomes research endpoints: 
Patient Global Impression of Severity (PGI-S), Caregiver Global Impression of 
Severity (CGI-S), and Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory™ (PedsQL) Gas and 
Bloating Domain Gastrointestinal Symptoms Scale (Placebo-controlled Part 
[Part A]):
o
Absolute values and change from baseline. 
o
For PedsQL Gas and Bloating Domain Gastrointestinal Symptoms 
Scale-standardized response mean (SRM): classified as no, small, moderate, and 
large effect.

Proportion of subjects with ≤2 signs/symptoms from the Rome IV Criteria following 
the 12-week double-blind, placebo-controlled treatment phase

Efficacy endpoints in non-toilet-trained subjects who are at least 6 months of age:

Proportion of subjects with an average of ≥3 SBMs per week and increase of 
≥1 SBM compared to baseline during the 12-week double-blind, placebo-controlled 
treatment phase.

Number of SBMs per week in categories ≤1 and >1 during the 12-week double-
blind, placebo-controlled treatment phase.

The average change from baseline in stool consistency (based on BSFS score), 
assessed as the weekly average during the 12-week double-blind, placebo-controlled 
treatment phase.
3.2.5
Safety Endpoint 

The proportion of subjects with treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs) (serious, 
non-serious, related, non-related) and the proportion of subjects with clinically relevant 
laboratory test abnormalities, ECG findings, vital signs findings, or new findings in 
physical examination over 12 and 48 weeks of treatment.
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3.2.6
PK Endpoint

For all subjects who consent, regardless of toilet-training and age, sparse PK blood 
sampling will be conducted during the 12-week double-blind, placebo-controlled phase. 
The obtained plasma concentrations, together with the data from previous pediatric 
studies (PRU-USA-12, PRU-USA-24, and SHP555-303), will be used for further 
population PK analysis (see Section 9.8 PK Analyses) and the refined model will be used 
to characterize prucalopride's PK properties and the relationship between PK and 
efficacy/safety endpoints of interest may be explored (separate reporting). Individual 
plasma concentrations with corresponding sampling times post-dose will be tabulated per 
visit. A graphical presentation will be used to visualize the plasma concentration-time 
relationship. Descriptive statistics will be calculated per visit and at specific post dose 
time intervals.
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4.
STUDY DESIGN
4.1
Overall Design 
This is a Phase 3, multicenter, randomized study consisting of a 12-week double-blind, 
placebo-controlled part (Part A) followed by a 36-week double-blind safety extension part 
(Part B) to document safety and tolerability up to 48 weeks in male and female pediatric and 
adolescent subjects with functional constipation as defined by the modified Rome IV criteria for 
child/adolescent Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders (FGID).
The study will start with a 10- to 33-day screening period, including a disimpaction for all 
subjects, a 12-week double-blind placebo-controlled Part (Part A) followed by a 36-week long-
term double-blind (for dose) safety extension part (Part B), and a follow-up call approximately 
4 weeks after the last administration of the IP.
Approximately 240 toilet-trained pediatric/adolescent subjects, ages 3 to 17 years with functional 
constipation are planned for randomization in a 1:1:1 ratio to the Low Dose Group, High Dose 
Group, or matching placebo (placebo-controlled part [Part A]). After completion of the 12-week 
placebo-controlled Part A, subjects in the placebo group will be re-randomized in a 1:1 ratio to 
the Low Dose Group or the High Dose Group (safety extension part [Part B]). For exploratory 
purposes, in addition to the 240 toilet-trained pediatric/adolescent subjects, the study is targeted 
to enroll a maximum of 15 subjects who are not toilet-trained and at least 6 months of age. These 
subjects will not be included in the primary analyses; they will be part of the exploratory 
analyses for descriptive purposes.
The Enrolled Analysis Set will include both toilet-trained and non-toilet-trained subjects. Study 
enrollment of toilet-trained subjects will be stopped as soon as 240 subjects who are at least 
3 years of age are included. If, at that point, less than 15 non-toilet trained subjects who are at 
least 6 months of age have been included, enrollment in that group will continue.
Prucalopride once daily (QD) (0.4 mg/mL oral solution or 2-mg tablet) or placebo QD (oral 
solution or tablet):

Low Dose Group: 

Placebo-controlled Part A: 
o
Subjects weighing <50 kg will receive a daily dose of 0.04 mg/kg and will draw 
equal volumes from one bottle of 0.4 mg/mL prucalopride oral solution and 
one bottle of placebo oral solution to account for the daily dose assigned. 
The volume of the oral solution will be based on the subject’s body weight (BW) 
at the randomization visit.
o
Subjects weighing ≥50 kg will be dosed with one 2-mg tablet of prucalopride 
and one placebo tablet.
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
Safety Extension Part B:
o
Subjects weighing <50 kg will receive a daily dose of 0.04 mg/kg and will draw 
the required volume from one bottle of 0.4 mg/mL prucalopride oral solution 
and one bottle of placebo oral solution to account for the daily dose assigned. 
The volume of the oral solution will be based on the subject’s BW at the 
randomization visit.
o
Subjects weighing ≥50 kg will be dosed with one 2-mg tablet of prucalopride 
and 1 placebo tablet.

High Dose Group: 

Placebo-controlled Part A: 
o
Subjects weighing <50 kg will receive a daily dose of 0.08 mg/kg and will draw 
equal volumes from two bottles of 0.4 mg/mL prucalopride oral solution to 
account for the daily dose assigned. 
The volume of the oral solution will be based on the subject’s BW at the 
randomization visit.
o
Subjects weighing ≥50 kg will be dosed with two 2-mg tablets of prucalopride.

Safety Extension Part B: 
o
Subjects weighing <50 kg will receive a daily dose of 0.08 mg/kg and will draw 
the required volume from two bottles of 0.4 mg/mL prucalopride oral solution to 
account for the daily dose assigned. 
The volume of the oral solution will be based on the subject’s BW at the 
randomization visit.
o
Subjects weighing ≥50 kg will be dosed with two 2-mg tablets of prucalopride.

Matching placebo (Placebo-controlled Part A only): 

Subjects weighing <50 kg will draw equal volumes from two bottles of placebo oral 
solution to account for the daily dose assigned.

Subjects weighing ≥50 kg will be dosed daily with 2 tablets of placebo.
Each subject weighing <50 kg at baseline can undergo a dose adjustment for oral solution based 
on weight at Week 24. In case the subject has crossed the 50-kg threshold, he/she will be 
switched from oral solution to tablet, provided he/she can swallow the tablet. If the subject 
cannot swallow the tablet, he/she can receive the tablet dose as oral solution. Depending on the 
treatment group, subjects cannot exceed the maximum dose of 2 or 4 mg. More detailed 
information will be provided in study materials.
A table of weight adjusted dosing is provided in the Pharmacy Manual.
Randomization at study entry will be stratified by toilet-trained status. Toilet-trained subjects 
will be additionally stratified by age group (<12 years, 12 to 17 years) and average number of 
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SBMs/week (≤1; >1) during the screening period. Non-toilet-trained subjects will be additionally 
stratified by SBM/week (≤1; >1) during the screening period.
The study completion date is defined as the date the last subject, across all sites, completes 
his/her final protocol-defined assessment (ie, the follow-up call or end of study visit). The study 
completion date is used to ascertain timing for study results posting and reporting.
When approximately 50% of toilet-trained subjects (ie, 120 subjects) are randomized into 
the study and have completed the 12-week placebo-controlled part (Part A), an interim 
analysis (IA) will be performed to compare the efficacy of both prucalopride doses with 
placebo. The main purpose of the IA is to decide to continue or stop the study for futility, ie, to 
stop the study when none of the two prucalopride treatment arms show a meaningful difference 
in the change from baseline of the number of SBM/week (see to Section 9.2 for additional 
details).
4.2
Scientific Rationale for Study Design
This study is designed to satisfy the 2 post marketing requirements (PMR 3529-1 and 
PMR 3529-2/6) as mandated in the new drug application (NDA) approval letter of 
December 2018, for prucalopride (indicated for the treatment of chronic idiopathic constipation 
in adults) and to fulfill the Pediatric Research Equity Act (PREA). Agreement has been reached 
with the US Food and Drug Agency (FDA) that both PMRs can be combined in one study 
protocol. 
Prucalopride has been developed for the treatment of chronic idiopathic constipation in adults. 
To date, 1 Phase 3 study in pediatric subjects has been completed (SPD555-C303); however, no 
efficacy was demonstrated. The study was a multicenter, randomized, placebo-controlled, 
double-blind, study to evaluate the efficacy and safety of prucalopride in 213 children (6 months 
to 18 years old) with functional constipation. Children with functional constipation, based on the 
Rome III criteria, were given prucalopride (N=106) or placebo (N=107) QD for 8 weeks. 
Subjects received either prucalopride or placebo at dose of 0.04 mg/kg QD using a liquid 
formulation or at a dose of 2 mg QD using a tablet formulation. After 4 weeks of treatment, a 
dose adjustment to 0.06 mg/kg or 0.02 mg/kg could occur for subjects on the liquid formulation 
only. The primary efficacy endpoint was the proportion of children with toileting skills who had 
a mean of ≥3 SBMs/week and ≤1 episode of fecal incontinence/2 weeks (responders). The 
results showed that the proportion of responders was similar between treatment groups 
(prucalopride, 17.0% and placebo, 17.8%) and the incidence of TEAEs was similar in the 
prucalopride (69.8%) and placebo (60.7%) groups (Mugie et al. 2014).
The explanations offered for the results (Nurko and Saps 2014) were (i) functional constipation 
in children is considered a heterogeneous disorder with a complex pathophysiology that is not 
necessarily related to an abnormal transit, (ii) common pathophysiologic feature in functional 
constipation in children is withholding behavior. Therefore, the influence of behavioral factors 
may also explain some of the results, (iii) the primary endpoints differ from the endpoints used in 
studies in the adult population in which fecal incontinence is not included, and (iv) whether the 
short length of the trial might have contributed to the results.
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The current study will address several of the possible issues of the previous study: the study 
duration will be 12 weeks instead of 8 weeks, the study population will have the same starting 
point for their colon content with all subjects undergoing a fecal disimpaction procedure prior to 
randomization, the primary efficacy endpoint will be different from the endpoint used in studies 
with adults, and there will be a standardized continuous behavior therapy procedure applied to all 
subjects. 
The current study will evaluate the efficacy and safety of prucalopride in pediatric subjects aged 
6 months to 17 years. Non-toilet-trained subjects who are at least 6 months of age will be 
included in an exploratory group since the instruments used to evaluate the different efficacy 
parameters have not been validated in subjects <3 years. The study will consist of a 10- to 33-day 
screening period, including a disimpaction for all subjects, a 12-week double-blind
placebo-controlled part (Part A) followed by a 36-week long-term safety extension part (Part B), 
and a follow-up call approximately 4 weeks after the last administration of the IP. 
The primary efficacy will be evaluated by comparing the average change from baseline in 
number of SBMs in each prucalopride (high dose and low dose) versus (vs) the placebo arm over 
12 weeks of double-blind, placebo-controlled treatment in toilet-trained subjects who are at least 
3 years of age.
Safety will be evaluated over the combined 48-week treatment period.
Further, though prucalopride exhibits a linear PK profile across a broad dose range in adult and 
pediatric subjects, the sponsor will incorporate PK sparse sampling in this pediatric study to 
provide additional plasma concentration data from higher exposures in pediatric subjects.
Subjects with a history of large fecal mass will be included in the study. Disimpaction will be 
performed for all subjects within the screening period. 
Non-toilet-trained subjects are analyzed separately from the toilet-trained group as the 
assessment of BMs from the content of a diaper is considered difficult. Therefore, this study will 
primarily evaluate the effect of the IP in toilet-trained subjects.
4.3
Justification for Dose
Prucalopride exhibited linear PK in adults receiving daily doses up to 20 mg 
(Study PRU-GBR-10) and pediatric subjects receiving daily doses up to 0.06 mg/kg (to a 
maximum of 2 mg, SPD555-303). Exposure was similar between adults receiving 2 mg and 
children and adolescents receiving 0.04 mg/kg up to a maximum of 2 mg and is projected to be 
similar between a dose of 0.08 mg/kg in children and adolescents and a 4-mg dose in adults.
A population PK analysis was conducted based on pooled data from Study PRU-USA-12 
(0.03 mg/kg single-dose with robust PK sampling in 38 children), Study PRU-USA-24 
(extension study to PRU-USA-12; 0.03 mg/kg QD, with sparse PK sampling in children), and 
Study SPD555-303 (0.04 mg/kg up to a maximum of 2 mg vs placebo QD; one-step titration 
after 4 weeks when subjects could decrease to 0.02 mg/kg or increase to 0.06 mg/kg up to a 
maximum of 2 mg with sparse PK sampling in children and adolescents). 
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In summary, the final updated model was used to simulate concentration-time profiles following 
single and q.d. multiple doses of 0.02 mg/kg, 0.04 mg/kg and 0.06 mg/kg with a maximal daily 
dose of 2 mg. The simulated concentrations and 90% prediction intervals in pediatrics were 
compared to simulations in adults following a 2-mg dose and suggested the following:

QD dosing of 0.02 mg/kg would result in concentrations at the low end of the adult 
prediction interval in all pediatric age groups and can potentially impact on efficacy. 

A dose of 0.04 mg/kg can be considered an acceptable but conservative dose to treat 
children, as it is predicted to result in maximal concentrations that remain within the range 
predicted for adults. However, the predicted area under the plasma concentration-time curve 
(AUC) will be lower than the predicted AUC for a 2-mg dose in adults, and well under the 
values seen with a 4-mg dose. 

The dose of 0.06 mg/kg results in a predicted higher maximum observed plasma 
concentration (Cmax) than those observed at 2-mg in adults. Simulations with this dose, 
however, suggest that trough concentrations will be similar to those observed in adults at the 
2-mg dose. By extrapolation the Cmax for a 4-mg dose in children will be similar to or 
slightly higher than that seen in upon multiple dosing in adults and with similar total 
exposure (AUC) over the dosing interval.
Four mg is the highest dose tested in adult safety and efficacy studies of greater than 4 weeks 
dosing. The incidence of AEs in adult subjects receiving the 4-mg dose daily for 12 weeks was 
only slightly greater than in those adult subjects receiving the 2-mg daily dose, and the AE 
profile was similar between the two treatment regimens. Pediatric subjects receiving the oral 
solution had a lower percentage of TEAE incidence than those pediatric subjects receiving the 
tablet dosage form.
No efficacy was observed in the pediatric safety and efficacy Study SPD555-303 with a starting 
dose of 0.04 mg/kg, although most subjects (52 of 79) increased the dose to 0.06 mg/kg at 
4 weeks (range from 0.02 to 0.06 mg/kg). 
Therefore, the sponsor plans to study the efficacy and safety of a prucalopride therapy using 
two dose regimens that approximate the adult 2-mg and 4-mg doses in comparison to placebo 
therapy. 
4.4
Duration of Subject Participation and Study Completion Definition
The subject’s maximum duration of participation is expected to be 56 weeks (consisting of a 
10- to 33-day screening period, a 12-week placebo-controlled part A, a 36-week safety extension 
part B, and a follow-up call 4 weeks after the last intake of IP. 
The study is expected to be completed in approximately 4 to 4.5 years. 
The study completion date is defined as the date the last subject in the study completes the final 
protocol-defined assessment(s). This includes the follow-up visit or contact, whichever is later 
(refer to Section 4.1 for the defined follow-up period for this protocol).
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4.5
Sites and Regions
It is anticipated that the study will be conducted at approximately 40-45 sites in the US.
Other countries/regions may be added if needed.
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5.
STUDY POPULATION
Approximately 240 toilet-trained subjects (~80 subjects per treatment arm) who are at least 
3 years of age and up to 15 non-toilet-trained subjects (~5 per treatment arm) who are at least 
6 months of age are planned to be randomized.
Each subject and/or parent(s)/caregiver(s)/legally authorized representative(s) (where appropriate 
depending on age and local regulation) must participate in the informed consent process and 
provide written informed consent/assent before any procedures specified in the protocol are 
performed. Subjects and/or parent(s)/caregiver(s)/legally authorized representative(s) (where 
appropriate depending on age and local regulation) can also provide consent/assent to the sparse 
PK sampling in this study.
5.1
Inclusion Criteria
The subject will be eligible for the study when meeting all of the criteria below:
To be verified at screening:
1.
Subjects and/or their parent(s)/caregiver(s)/legally authorized representative(s) have an 
understanding, ability, and willingness to fully comply with study procedures and 
restrictions.
2.
Ability to voluntarily provide written, signed, and dated (personally or via 
parent[s]/caregiver[s]/legally authorized representative[s]) informed consent/assent as 
applicable to participate in the study.
Note: Subjects and/or parent(s)/caregiver(s)/legally authorized representative(s) (where 
appropriate depending on age and local regulation) can also provide consent/assent to the 
sparse PK sampling in this study.
3.
Toilet-trained subjects 3 years to 17 years of age, inclusive, or non-toilet-trained subjects 
6 months to 17 years of age, inclusive. 
4.
Subject weighs ≥5.5 kg (12 lbs).
5.
Male, or non-pregnant, non-lactating female subjects who are sexually active and agree to 
comply with the applicable contraceptive requirements of the protocol or females of 
non-childbearing potential.
Note: All female subjects ≥12 years and/or female subjects <12 years who have started 
menarche must have a negative serum pregnancy test at screening.
6. Subject meets modified Rome IV criteria: 

For child/adolescent (aged >4 years) functional constipation (H3a):
Subjects must have ≤2 defecations per week and 1 or more of the following occurring at 
least once per week for a minimum of 1 month:

≥1 episode of fecal incontinence per week (only for subjects after the acquisition of 
toileting skills).
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
History of retentive posturing or excessive volitional stool retention.

History of painful or hard BMs.

Presence of large fecal mass in rectum.

History of large diameter stools which can obstruct the toilet.
In addition, the subject does not satisfy sufficient criteria for a diagnosis of irritable 
bowel syndrome (IBS) and, after appropriate evaluation, the subject’s symptoms 
cannot be fully explained by another medical condition.
Retentive posturing is defined as the attempt to preserve continence by vigorous 
contraction of the gluteal muscles. Children with retentive posturing will be 
typically tight legged, tiptoed, and/or will have a back-arching posture.

For infant/toddler (aged 6 months to ≤4 years) functional constipation (G7):
Subjects must have ≤2 defecations per week and ≥1 month of at least 1 of the following:

History of excessive stool retention.

History of painful or hard BMs.

History of large-diameter stools (in the diaper).

Presence of a large fecal mass in the rectum.
In toilet-trained children, the following additional criteria may be used:

At least 1 episode/week of incontinence after the acquisition of toileting skills.

History of large-diameter stools which may obstruct the toilet.
7. Subject and/or parent(s)/caregiver(s)/legally authorized representative(s) is willing to 
discontinue any laxatives during the screening period up to disimpaction and agrees to adhere 
to the protocol-specified disimpaction and rescue medication rules, if applicable.
To be evaluated prior to randomization:
8. Subject has an average of <3 SBMs (defecations) per week during the screening period and 
prior to the disimpaction.
9. Subject or legally authorized representative (dependent on subject age) is compliant with 
completing the electronic diary for at least 7 consecutive days preceding the disimpaction.
5.2
Exclusion Criteria
The subject will not be eligible for participation in the study if any of the following exclusion 
criteria are met: 
To be evaluated during the screening period:
1. Current or recurrent disease that could affect the action, absorption, or disposition of the IP, 
or clinical or laboratory assessments.
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2. Any clinically significant abnormal findings on the ECG that indicates a dysrhythmia or 
conduction abnormalities (such as abnormal heart rate, PR, QRS, or QT).
3. Major cardiovascular disease such as: cardiomyopathy, cardiac insufficiency, uncorrected 
congenital heart disease, symptomatic valve disorders, or septal defects.
4. Current or relevant history of physical or psychiatric illness (eg, severe autism, depression, 
etc.), any medical disorder that may require treatment or make the subject unlikely to fully 
complete the study, or any condition that presents undue risk from the IP or procedures.
5. Non-retentive fecal incontinence.
Fecal incontinence is defined as unintentional smear or liquid stool in the underwear that is 
not due to poor wiping. Fecal incontinence can only occur in toilet-trained subjects. 
Non-retentive fecal incontinence is diagnosed (must include at least a 1-month history in a 
child with a developmental age older than 4 years for all the following): (i) defecation in 
places inappropriate to the sociocultural context, (ii) no evidence of fecal retention, and (iii) 
after appropriate evaluation, the fecal incontinence cannot be explained by another medical 
condition. 
6. Intestinal perforation or obstruction due to structural or functional disorder of the gut wall, 
obstructive ileus, severe inflammatory conditions of the intestinal tract such as Crohn’s 
disease, ulcerative colitis, and toxic megacolon/megarectum.
7. Current use of any medication (including over-the-counter, herbal, or homeopathic 
preparations) that could affect (improve or worsen) the condition being studied (eg, opioids), 
or could affect the action, absorption, or disposition of the IP, or clinical or laboratory 
assessment. (Current use is defined as use within the past 5 days.) See Section 6.7 (Prior and 
Concomitant Treatment) for a list of prohibited and restricted medications.
8. Subjects with renal impairment: 

Subjects ≤2 years of age with serum creatinine greater than normal (screening sample 
results using central laboratory pediatric reference ranges).

Subjects >2 years of age with severe renal impairment or end stage renal disease 
(estimated glomerular filtration rate [eGFR] <30 mL/min/1.73 m²)
The Bedside Schwartz equation should be used if the serum creatinine is being assayed 
using enzymatic methodology. [Bedside Schwartz equation: eGFR=0.413 x height (cm)/ 
standardized serum creatinine (SCr) (mg/dL)]
The original Schwartz equation should be used if the serum creatinine is being assayed 
using the Jaffe methodology. (Original Schwartz equation: creatinine clearance 
[CrCl]=[k*height/serum creatinine]; see Appendix 7)
9. Known or suspected intolerance or hypersensitivity to the IP(s), closely-related compounds, 
or any of the stated ingredients.
10. Known history of alcohol or other substance abuse within the last year.
11. Within 30 days prior to the first dose of the IP in the current study:

Have used any IP.
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
Have been enrolled in a clinical study (including vaccine studies) that may or may not 
include the administration of an IP that, in the investigator’s opinion, may impact this 
study.
12. Subject used prucalopride within 10 days prior to the first dose of the IP or has been 
unsuccessfully treated with prucalopride before.
13. Subject meets Rome IV criteria for other Child/Adolescent FGID (H1 – H2 and H3b).
14. Subject with secondary causes of constipation, eg:

Endocrine disorders (eg, hypopituitarism, hypothyroidism, hypercalcemia, 
pheochromocytoma, glucagon-producing tumors) unless these are controlled by 
appropriate medical therapy. Subject with uncontrolled diabetes mellitus is to be 
excluded

Metabolic disorders (eg, porphyria, uremia, hypokalemia, hypothyroidism, amyloid 
neuropathy), unless controlled by appropriate medical therapy

Neurological disorders (eg, cerebral tumors, cerebrovascular accidents, multiple sclerosis,
meningocele, aganglionosis, hypoganglionosis, hyperganglionosis, autonomic 
neuropathy, spinal cord injury, Chagas disease 

Organic disorders (known or suspected) of the large bowel (eg, obstruction from any 
cause including biliary obstruction, malignancy, intestinal perforation, obstructive ileus, 
pseudo-obstruction, history of or current anorectal malformations, severe inflammation of 
the intestinal tract, such as Crohn’s disease, ulcerative colitis or toxic 
megacolon/megarectum, Hirschsprung’s disease)

Celiac disease, cow milk allergy

Surgery: history of gastrointestinal surgery related or possibly related to the presence of 
constipation

Lactose intolerance
15. Any of the following clinically significant abnormalities of serum biochemistry:

Serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST) >1.5 times upper limit of normal (ULN) at 
screening.

Serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) >1.5 times ULN at screening.

Total bilirubin outside the age-adjusted normal range, except for subjects with Gilbert’s 
syndrome.
16. Any significant underlying liver disease. 
17. Subject is not able to swallow the IP (liquid or tablet).
18. Subject is pregnant or planning to get pregnant during study period.
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To be evaluated prior to randomization:
19. Subject has used other disimpaction medication in lieu of the protocol-provided medication.
20. Subject has used non-protocol approved medications to induce BMs during the screening 
period or disimpaction.
21. The subject has failed the disimpaction based on the investigator’s assessment.
22. Worsening of depression and emergence of suicidal thoughts.
5.3
Restrictions 
All subjects must be willing to adhere to the following prohibitions and restrictions during the 
course of the study:
1.
Prohibited medications (as described in Section 6.7.4) are not allowed during the entire 
period of the study.
2.
The subject and/or parent(s)/caregiver(s)/legally authorized representative(s) have to be 
instructed not to change the lifestyle or diet of the subject, including exercise, and fiber 
intake from randomization onwards. No other over-the-counter medications for constipation 
are permitted other than the study-allowed rescue medications (see Section 6.7.3).
3.
The subject should refrain from donating blood for the entire period during the study until 
30 days after the last intake of IP. 
4.
Female subject and/or parent(s)/caregiver(s)/legally authorized representative(s) should be 
instructed that in case of severe diarrhea, the efficacy of oral contraceptives may be reduced 
and the use of an additional contraceptive method is recommended to prevent possible 
failure of oral contraceptives (see the prescribing information of the oral contraceptive).
5.
All subjects will be disimpacted within the screening period. 
6.
Subjects who are being toilet-trained at the start of the study, should suspend toilet-training 
for the duration of the placebo-controlled part (Part A) of the study. Subjects who are not 
toilet-trained, should not start toilet-training during the placebo-controlled part (Part A) of 
the study.
Note: A child is considered toilet-trained if, during the day, he/she uses the toilet to defecate 
(even if the child continues to have episodes of fecal incontinence). Children who use the 
toilet during the day to defecate, but wear a diaper at night for nocturnal bedwetting, are 
considered toilet-trained.
Note: Children are allowed to (re)start toilet training during the safety extension part 
(Part B). When a child becomes toilet-trained, the site should document the change.
7.
Subject or legally authorized representative(s) (dependent on subject age) is compliant with 
completing the e-Diary for at least 5 out of the 7 days during each week of the double-blind 
treatment phase.
8.
If after one dose increase of treatment with rescue medication the treatment is still 
ineffective, the investigator may consider other protocol-approved treatment options allowed 
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per Section 6.7.3.1 of the protocol. Contact the study monitor if use of rescue medications, 
dose escalations and other alternative treatments remain ineffective to assess the subject’s 
continued participation in the study.
5.4
Reproductive Potential
5.4.1
Female Contraception
Sexually active females of childbearing potential should use an acceptable form of contraception. 
Females of childbearing potential must be advised to use acceptable contraceptives throughout 
the study period and for 30 days following the last dose of IP. If used, hormonal contraceptives 
should be administered according to the package insert. Any female of childbearing potential 
who is not currently sexually active must agree to use acceptable contraception, as defined 
below, if she becomes sexually active during the study and for 30 days following the last dose of 
IP. 
Female children and adolescent subjects should be either:

Premenarchal, or

Have a negative urine pregnancy test at the time points indicated in the study Schedule of 
Activities (Table 1; for subjects aged ≥12 years and/or subjects <12 years who have 
started menarche). Female subjects of childbearing potential must agree to abstain from 
sexual activity that could result in pregnancy or agree to use acceptable methods of 
contraception. 
Acceptable methods of contraception include the following:

Intrauterine devices plus condoms.

Double-barrier methods (eg, condoms and diaphragms with spermicidal gel or foam).

Hormonal contraceptives (oral, depot, patch, injectable, or vaginal ring), stabilized for at 
least 30 days prior to the screening visit (Visit 1), plus condoms. 
Note: If a subject becomes sexually active during the study, they should use one of the other 
acceptable methods noted above in addition to the hormonal contraceptive until it has been 
stabilized for 30 days.
In case of severe diarrhea, use of additional contraceptive methods should be considered.
5.4.2
Male contraception
Male participants with female partners of childbearing potential are eligible to participate if they 
agree to ONE of the following throughout the study:

Are abstinent from penile-vaginal intercourse as their usual and preferred lifestyle 
(abstinent on a long term and persistent basis) and agree to remain abstinent
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
Agree to use a male condom plus partner use of a contraceptive method with a failure rate 
of <1% per year as described when having penile-vaginal intercourse with a partner of 
childbearing potential who is not currently pregnant
Men with a pregnant or breastfeeding partner must agree to remain abstinent from penile-vaginal 
intercourse or use a male condom during each episode of penile penetration throughout the 
study.
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6.
STUDY INTERVENTION
6.1
IP
6.1.1
Identity of IP
The IP is prucalopride (TAK-555), which will be provided as an oral solution (for subjects 
weighing <50 kg) or as a tablet (for subjects weighing ≥50 kg). Additional information is 
provided in the current IB. 
The reference product is placebo which will be provided in a matching oral solution or tablet 
form. 
6.1.2
Blinding the Treatment Assignment 
Matching placebo solution/tablets will be available such that the blinding can be assured in 
identical packaging.
The subject, investigator, study coordinator, sponsor, and the entire study processing team will 
remain blinded to the treatment assignment. The set-up of the randomization system will ensure 
that the blind is maintained and will not reveal treatment allocation to any unauthorized 
personnel.
Note that the IA will be conducted by an independent data monitoring committee (DMC) (see 
Section 9.2) and the unblinded data will be visible to the DMC only to ensure the study remains 
blinded to the sponsor, the investigator, and the study subjects.
6.2
Administration of IP
6.2.1
Interactive Response Technology for Investigational Product Management
Randomization will be implemented by interactive response technology (IRT) and individual 
subject treatment is automatically assigned by the IRT.

Placebo-controlled Part (Part A):
The IRT system will apply a minimization algorithm to ensure an appropriate 1:1:1 balance 
between the 3 treatment groups (prucalopride low dose, prucalopride high dose, and placebo) in 
each stratum. 
Randomization will be performed with the permuted blocks and will be stratified by toilet-
trained status, age group (<12 years, 12 to 17 years) for those toilet-trained, and average number 
of SBM/week (≤1; >1) during the screening period. The block size in randomization will be kept 
unknown to the investigator sites as well as the study team.

Safety Extension Part (Part B):
The IRT system will apply a minimization algorithm to ensure an appropriate 1:1 balance 
between the 2 treatment groups (prucalopride low dose and prucalopride high dose. 
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Re-randomization of the placebo treatment group at the end of the Placebo-controlled Part will 
be performed with the permuted blocks and will not be stratified. The block size in 
randomization will be kept unknown to the investigator sites as well as the study team.
Drug accountability will be collected using IRT (see Section 6.5). 
6.2.2
Allocation of Subjects to Treatment 
This study consists of a 12-week double-blind randomized treatment part (placebo-controlled 
Part A) followed by a 36-week double-blind long-term safety extension (safety extension 
Part B).
At the start of the safety extension Part B, subjects on placebo will all be re-randomized to high 
or low dose prucalopride. This re-randomization will ensure that subject who were treated with 
prucalopride will remain on their double-blind dose and subjects who were treated with placebo 
will be equally split (ratio 1:1) to the high or low dose of prucalopride. 
Subject numbers are assigned to all subjects as they consent to take part in the study. Within each 
site (numbered uniquely within a protocol), the subject number is assigned to subjects according 
to the sequence of presentation for study participation. Screen failure subject numbers cannot be 
reassigned.
The randomization number represents a unique number corresponding to IP allocated to the 
subject, once eligibility has been determined.
Individual subject treatment and corresponding medication kit numbers will be assigned by the 
IRT.
6.2.3
Dosing
Following initial randomization, subjects will enter the 12-week Placebo-controlled Part (Part A) 
where they will receive either prucalopride at a low dose, prucalopride at a high dose, or placebo. 
Upon completion of the Placebo-controlled Part (Part A), all subject who were on placebo in the 
Placebo-controlled Part (Part A) will be re-randomized into the Safety Extension Part (Part B) 
where they will receive prucalopride at either a low dose or a high dose.
Prucalopride (oral solution or tablet) or placebo (oral solution or tablet) will be dosed depending 
on the subject’s BW at the randomization visit. The IP will be provided as oral solution 
(prucalopride 0.4 mg/mL or placebo) or as tablets (prucalopride 2 mg or placebo).

Low Dose Group: 

Subjects weighing <50 kg will receive a daily dose of 0.04 mg/kg and will draw the 
required volume from one bottle of 0.4 mg/mL prucalopride oral solution and 
one bottle of placebo oral solution to account for the daily dose assigned. 
The volume of the oral solution will be based on the subject’s BW at the 
randomization visit.
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
Subjects weighing ≥50 kg will be dosed with one 2-mg tablet of prucalopride and 
one placebo tablet.

High Dose Group: 

Subjects weighing <50 kg will receive a daily dose of 0.08 mg/kg and will draw the 
required volume from 2 bottles of 0.4 mg/mL prucalopride oral solution to account 
for the daily dose assigned. 
The volume of the oral solution will be based on the subject’s BW at the 
randomization visit.

Subjects weighing ≥50 kg will be dosed with two 2-mg tablets of prucalopride.

Matching placebo (Part A only): 

Subjects weighing <50 kg will draw equal volumes from 2 bottles of placebo oral 
solution to account for the daily dose assigned. 

Subjects weighing ≥50 kg will be dosed daily with 2 tablets of placebo.
Each subject weighing <50 kg at baseline can undergo a dose adjustment for oral solution based 
on weight at Week 24. In case the subject has crossed the 50-kg threshold, he/she will be 
switched from oral solution to tablet, provided he/she can swallow the tablet. If the subject 
cannot swallow the tablet, he/she can receive the tablet dose as oral solution.
At any point following the baseline visit, if a subject weighing ≥50 kg cannot tolerate the tablets, 
they can be switched to oral solution for the duration of study participation. Switching from oral 
solution to tablets is not allowed unless the subject crosses the 50-kg weight barrier at Week 24. 
Depending on the treatment group, subjects cannot exceed the maximum dose of 2 or 4 mg. 
More detailed information will be provided in study materials.
A table of weight adjusted dosing is provided in the Pharmacy Manual.
The color, size, and shape of the prucalopride and placebo tablets are identical as are the color 
and taste of prucalopride and placebo bottles and oral solution.
The tablet has to be taken as a whole, ie, cannot be chewed or crushed. 
The prucalopride oral solution will be administered in an at-home setting by lay caregivers for 
subjects less than 13 years old or by self-administration for subjects 13-17 years old using an oral 
syringe. The proposed devices to be used for the dosing are all off-the-shelf devices and are 
intended for a single use. The required number of syringes will be provided to the subjects. The 
size of the dosing syringe will be selected based on the subject’s prescribed dose based on the 
BW. Pediatric subjects should be supervised by the parent(s)/legally authorized 
representative(s)/caregiver(s). Subjects/caregivers will be trained to use the oral syringe using the 
Oral Syringe Training Guide and Instructions for Use included in the Pharmacy Manual. Oral 
solution should not be mixed with orange juice or any other beverage and must be administered 
through an oral syringe as instructed. 
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Subjects should take the IP at the same time each day, 1 to 3 hours before either the morning or
evening meal. Subjects should not take more than one dose in a day if they miss a dose. If a dose 
is missed at the normally scheduled time, the subject can make up the dose within 12 hours after 
the normally scheduled dosing time. 
Subjects will be instructed to administer the first dose of IP in the study center on the day of 
randomization. The last dosing will occur on the day prior to Visit 23. 
All subjects should be instructed to withhold dosing on in-clinic visit days (Part A and Part B) 
until after their visit. This includes Baseline (Week 0), Week 4 (Visit 6), Week 8 (Visit 10), 
Week 12 (Visit 14), Week 16 (Visit 15), Week 24 (Visit 17), Week 32 (Visit 19), Week 40 
(Visit 21), and Week 48 (Visit 23/ET). Note that if a subject does take their daily dose of IP prior 
to the on-site visit, this will not result in a protocol deviation unless the subject is participating in 
PK sampling at Week 4 (Visit 6), Week 8 (Visit 10), and Week 12 (Visit 14). Subjects will be 
dosed on site on Baseline (Visit 0).
The exact timing of dosing has to be documented in the e-Diary (see Section 8.2.2.1).
6.2.4
Unblinding the Treatment Assignment 
The treatment assignment must not be unblinded during the study except in emergency situations 
where the identification of the IP is required for medical management of the subject. The 
investigator should contact the study medical monitor immediately after the treatment code has 
been broken and the investigator is unblinded.
In the event that the treatment assignment code is broken, the date and the signature of the person 
who broke the code are recorded on the IRT and the source documents, as applicable. Upon 
breaking the blind, the subject is withdrawn from the study, but should be followed up for safety 
purposes. Any code breaks that occur must be reported to the sponsor immediately. 
Note that the IAs will be conducted by an independent DMC (see Section 9.2) and the unblinded 
data will be visible to the DMC only to ensure the study remains blinded to the sponsor, the 
investigator, and the study subjects.
6.2.5
Dose Modification
Each subject weighing <50 kg at baseline can undergo a dose adjustment for oral solution based 
on weight at Week 24. In case the subject has crossed the 50-kg threshold, he/she will be 
switched from oral solution to tablet, provided he/she can swallow the tablet. If the subject 
cannot swallow the tablet, he/she can receive the tablet dose as oral solution. Depending on the 
treatment group, subjects cannot exceed the maximum dose of 2 or 4 mg. More detailed 
information will be provided in study materials. 
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6.3
Labeling, Packaging, Storage, and Handling of Investigational Product
6.3.1
Labeling
Labels containing study information and pack identification are applied to the IP container. 
All IP is labeled at a minimum with the following: protocol number, product identification 
number, dosage form, directions for use, storage conditions, expiry date (if applicable), batch 
number and/or packaging reference, the statements “For clinical trial use only” and/or 
“CAUTION: New Drug – Limited by Federal (or US) Law to Investigational Use”. Any 
additional requirements for participating countries will also be included on the label. 
Space is allocated on the label so that the site representative can record a unique subject 
identifier.
Additional labels (eg, those used when dispensing marketed product) may, on a case-by-case 
basis, be applied to the IP in order to satisfy local or institutional requirements, but must not:

Contradict the clinical study label.

Obscure the clinical study label.

Identify the study subject by name if not allowed per local regulations.
Additional labels may not be added without the sponsor’s prior full agreement.
6.3.2
Packaging
IP is packaged in labeled containers. Prucalopride 2-mg and placebo tablets will be primary 
packaged in blisters and these blisters will be contained within a 64-tablet Low-dose, High-dose, 
or Placebo wallet. All IP will be packaged with a unique medication ID number.
For the liquid formulation, the active prucalopride and matching placebo will be packaged in 
bottles with child-resistant closures.
Changes to sponsor-supplied packaging prior to dosing may not occur without full agreement in 
advance by the sponsor.
6.3.3
Storage
The investigator has overall responsibility for ensuring that IP is stored in a secure, limited-
access location. Limited responsibility may be delegated to the pharmacy or member of the study 
team, but this delegation must be documented. IP is distributed by the pharmacy or nominated 
member of the study team. The pharmacist/nominated team member will enter the unique subject 
identifier on the IP bottle/carton labels as they are distributed.
Prior to dispensing at the site, IP must be stored in accordance with labeled storage conditions. 
The study IP oral solution is to be stored at 20° to 25°C (68° to 77°F)
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The study IP tablets are to be stored at 20° to 25°C (68° to 77°F).
NOTE: excursions are permitted between 15° to 30°C (59°F to 86°F) (see US Pharmacopeia
Controlled Room Temperature) but must be reported via Temperature Excursion process defined 
in the pharmacy manual.
The investigator is responsible for ensuring that the storage temperature is monitored throughout 
the duration of the study and that records are maintained; the temperature should be monitored 
continuously by using either an in-house system, a mechanical recording device such as a 
calibrated chart recorder, or by manual means, such that both minimum and maximum 
thermometric values over a specific period can be recorded and retrieved as required. Such a 
device (ie, certified min/max thermometer) would require manual resetting upon each recording. 
The sponsor must be notified immediately upon discovery of any excursion from the established 
range. Temperature excursions will require site investigation as to cause and remediation. The 
sponsor will determine the ultimate impact of excursions on the IP and will provide supportive 
documentation as necessary. Under no circumstances should the IP be dispensed to subjects until 
the impact has been determined and the product is deemed appropriate for use by the sponsor.
The sponsor should be notified immediately if there are any changes to the storage area of the IP 
that could affect the integrity of the product(s), eg, fumigation of a storage room.
6.4
Labeling, Packaging, Storage, and Handling of Rescue Medication
Rescue medication will be provided to the subject or parent (caregiver). All medication should 
be stored as per the labeled instructions.
6.5
Drug Accountability
Investigators will be provided with sufficient IP to carry out this protocol for the agreed number 
of subjects. The investigator or designee will acknowledge receipt of the IP, documenting 
shipment content and condition. Accurate records of all IP dispensed, used, returned, and/or 
destroyed must be maintained as detailed further in this section.
The investigator has overall responsibility for dispensing IP. Where permissible, tasks may be 
delegated to a qualified designee (eg, a pharmacist) who is adequately trained in the protocol and 
who works under the direct supervision of the investigator. This delegation must be documented 
in the applicable study delegation of authority form.
The investigator or his/her designee (as documented by the investigator in the applicable study 
delegation of authority form) will dispense the IP only to subjects included in this study 
following the procedures set out in the study protocol or applicable study manual. Each subject 
will be given only the IP carrying his/her treatment assignment. All dispensed medication will be 
documented in the subject’s source and the IRT system. The investigator is responsible for 
ensuring the retrieval of all study supplies from subjects including empty vials or bottles that 
contained IP (see Section 6.6). Due to the health/safety concerns with returning the IP container, 
the investigator must request that subjects keep the empty IP packaging after use and return it to 
the site for drug accountability purposes.
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No IP stock or returned inventory from this study may be removed from the site where originally 
shipped without prior knowledge and consent by the sponsor. If such transfer is authorized by the 
sponsor, all applicable local, state, and national laws must be adhered to for the transfer.
The sponsor or its representatives must be permitted access to review the supplies storage and 
distribution procedures and records provided that the blind of the study is not compromised.
With the written agreement of the sponsor, at the end of the study all unused stock, 
subject-returned IP, and empty/used IP packaging may be destroyed at the site or a local facility. 
In this case, destruction records identifying what was destroyed, when and how, must be 
documented in the IRT. Destruction of IP must be in accordance with local, state, and national 
laws.
Based on entries in the site drug accountability module in IRT, it must be possible to reconcile 
IPs delivered with those used and returned. All IP must be accounted for and all discrepancies 
investigated and documented to the sponsor’s satisfaction.
6.6
Subject Compliance
Subjects must be instructed to bring unused IP and empty/used IP packaging as well as rescue 
medication to every visit. Drug accountability must be assessed at the container/packaging level 
for unused IP that is contained within the original tamper-evident sealed container (eg, bottles, 
trays, vials) or at the individual count level for opened containers/packaging. The 
pharmacist/nominated person will record details in the site drug accountability module in IRT.
6.7
Prior and Concomitant Treatment
All non-study treatment (ie, all medications besides the IP including but not limited to herbal 
treatments, vitamins, etc.) received within 30 days prior to the screening visit (Visit 1) (or PK 
equivalent of 5 half-lives, whichever is longer) and through the final study contact (including 
protocol-defined follow-up period) must be recorded in the subject’s source document.
All behavioral and non-pharmacological treatment (such as psychotherapy, as appropriate) 
received within 30 days prior to the screening visit (Visit 1) and through the final study contact 
(including protocol defined follow-up period) must be recorded in the subject’s source document 
and on the eCRF.
6.7.1
Prior Treatment
Prior treatment is defined as any treatment with the start date prior to the date of the first dose of 
IP and includes all treatment including but not limited to: herbal treatments, vitamins, received as 
well as all behavioral and non-pharmacological treatment (such as psychotherapy, as 
appropriate).
Prior treatment information must be recorded in the subject’s source documents.
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6.7.2
Concomitant Treatment 
Concomitant treatment refers to all treatment with a start date prior to the date of the first dose of 
IP and continuing after the first dose of IP or with a start date between the dates of the first and 
last doses of IP, inclusive. Concomitant treatment information must be recorded in the subject’s 
source document.
6.7.3
Permitted Treatment
6.7.3.1
Rescue Medication 
If necessary, rescue medication may be used to help induce (a) BM(s). In the event that no BM 
has occurred within a 72-hour (3-day) period, the use of rescue medications is permitted per the 
investigator's instructions as described below. The instructions follow the North American 
Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition (NASPGHAN) 
Recommendation 2014 (Tabbers et al. 2014). 
The investigator will write a prescription (including clear instructions for use) for the rescue 
medication. Note that only use of the rescue medications listed below are allowed to be 
prescribed by the investigator during the study, with the exception of children aged 6 months to 
<4 years where investigator discretion can be exercised.
The following rescue medication will be provided to the subject: 

bisacodyl tablets (5 mg) or suppositories (10 mg)

polyethylene glycol (PEG) 3350 (oral) for the safety extension part (Part B) only 
Dosing instructions for the double-blind placebo-controlled part (Part A):

Subjects aged 6 months to <4 years at screening: at the discretion of the investigator to 
acknowledge different treatment protocols in each clinic. However, the investigator is 
encouraged using bisacodyl as first choice.

Subjects 4-10 years at screening: 1 tablet or ½ suppository (=5 mg bisacodyl) per day. If 
ineffective within 12 hours, the dose can be increased once to 2 tablets or 1 suppository 
(=10 mg bisacodyl).

Subjects >10 years at screening: 2 tablets or 1 suppository (=10 mg bisacodyl). If 
ineffective within 12 hours, the dose can be increased once to 3 tablets or 1½ suppository 
(=15 mg bisacodyl). 

The use of PEG 3350 as rescue medication is not allowed in the placebo-controlled Part 
(Part A).
If after one dose increase, treatment with rescue medication is still ineffective within an 
additional 12 hours, the study medical monitor should be contacted to assess continued study 
participation. 
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The dosing recommendations for the double-blind part (Part B) in the rescue medication 
algorithm are as follows:

Subjects aged 6 months to <4 years at screening: at the discretion of the investigator.

Subjects aged 4 to 10 years at screening: 1 tablet or ½ suppository (=5 mg bisacodyl) per 
day or PEG 3350 (oral) dosed at 0.2-0.8 g/kg/day. 

Subjects aged >10 years at screening: 2 tablets or 1 suppository (=10 mg bisacodyl) or 
PEG 3350 (oral) dosed at 0.2-0.8 g/kg/day. 
If rescue medication is ineffective after a period of 12 hours, the rescue medication dose may be 
increased at the discretion of the investigator. The recommended dose increases are as follows:

Subjects aged 6 months to <4 years at screening: at the discretion of the investigator.

Subjects aged 4 to 10 years at screening: 2 tablets or 1 suppository (=10 mg bisacodyl) or 
a higher dose of PEG 3350 (oral) at 1-1.5 g/kg/day if already on PEG.

Subjects aged >10 years at screening: 3 tablets or 1½ suppositories (=15 mg bisacodyl) or 
a higher dose of PEG 3350 (oral) at 1-1.5 g/kg/day if already on PEG.
If after 12 hours following a dose increase treatment with bisacodyl (oral or suppository) is still 
ineffective, the investigator may consider shifting to PEG 3350 (oral) dosed at 0.2-0.8 g/kg/day.
If after 12 hours following initiation with PEG 3350 treatment remains ineffective, the 
investigator, at his discretion, may consider a higher dose of PEG:

Subjects aged 6 months to <4 years at screening: at the discretion of the investigator.

Subjects aged 4 to 10 years at screening: Consider a higher dose of PEG 3350 at 
1-1.5 g/kg/day.

Subjects aged >10 years at screening: Consider a higher dose of PEG 3350 at 
1-1.5g/kg/day.
If after a dose increase with PEG 3350 and after 6 consecutive days of use treatment is still 
ineffective, the investigator should contact the study monitor to assess if the subject should 
continue with the study.
A rescue medication algorithm is provided in Appendix 5. If the subject has a BM after taking 
rescue medication but does not experience relief of symptoms, an additional dose(s)/escalated 
dose(s) of rescue medication may be recommended based on investigator discretion.
Rescue medication will be made available throughout the study (after Baseline Visit 2). 
If use of rescue medication is required, the exact timing of the dosing has to be documented in 
the e-Diary (see Section 8.2.2.1).
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6.7.3.2
Disimpaction Procedure During Screening Period
The disimpaction will be performed prior to the baseline visit (Visit 2). All subjects will be 
supplied with the appropriate dose of PEG. 
Staff at the study site will call the subject/parent(s)/caregiver(s)/legally authorized 
representative(s) to decide on the initiation of the disimpaction procedure, remind him/her when 
and how to perform the disimpaction and to check on the success or failure of the procedure 1 to 
2 days thereafter. The call will be recorded in the eCRF.
The instructions follow the NASPGHAN Recommendation 2014 (Tabbers et al. 2014) and the 
Prescribing Information for the respective medications. However, it is allowed to follow the 
respective hospital or office treatment protocols. 
It is recommended to follow the disimpaction protocol below:

PEG 3350 with or without electrolytes 1-1.5 g/kg/day divided into 2 doses for 3 to 
6 consecutive days until watery stool is passed with confirmation that the stool has 
cleared from the rectum.

If watery stool is not passed, Step 1 may be repeated once or – for subjects aged ≥2 years 
– sodium phosphate enemas may be given once per day for up to three days.

For subjects aged ≥2 years with difficulties to swallow or unsuccessful initial 
disimpaction therapy - sodium phosphate enemas may be given once per day for up to 
three days. The recommended dose for subjects up to 18 years is 2.5 mL/kg with a max 
of 133 mL/dose.
Note: The enema dose for subjects up to 18 years is 2.5 mL/kg with a max of 133 mL/dose.
6.7.3.3
Standard of Care: Behavioral Therapy
Behavioral therapy will be applied throughout the study. 
At a minimum, parents and subjects aged 3 years at randomization should be educated on the 
following:

Parent education.
It is equally important to teach parents to ignore or to neutrally react to the inappropriate 
behavior of stool-withholding behavior and pant soiling. Positive reinforcement is also a 
powerful technique in shaping adequate toileting behavior. Parents must stop mainly negatively 
reinforcing the subject for inappropriate behavior.

The importance of positive reinforcement: 
Successful BMs in the toilet should be rewarded. For example, subjects could be rewarded with a 
sticker/token (eg, when enough stickers/tokens, they can be exchanged for social or material 
rewards, ie, helping to prepare dinner, inviting friends for a sleepover, buying a [small] toy, 
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staying up late, etc). Adequate timing and quality of reinforcement carried out by parents is 
crucial in contingency management. 

The importance of a toilet routine:
When the urge to defecate occurs, it must become a habit for the subject to use the toilet to 
evacuate sufficient feces instead of withholding it. Subjects in particular should visit the toilet 
3 times per day for 5 minutes after each meal in a silent and relaxed atmosphere.

The importance of a correct toilet position:
The subject has to sit in a relaxed position, feet should touch the ground and knees should be at 
the same height or slightly above the hip (a step for the feet should be used if needed). Subjects 
who are not using active straining should use straining by blowing on their hand.
Note that during the placebo-controlled part (Part A), subjects who are being toilet-trained at the 
start of the study should discontinue toilet-training for the duration of the study. Subjects who are 
not toilet-trained should not start toilet-training during Part A of the study. Children are allowed 
to (re)start toilet training during the safety extension part (Part B). When a child becomes toilet-
trained, the site should document the change.
6.7.3.4
Other
Subjects who are on a stable regimen of over-the-counter constipation medicine such as fiber 
supplements or probiotics may continue to receive the same stable regimen during the study. 
Subjects not on a stable regimen cannot start using these medicines during the study. 
6.7.4
Prohibited Treatment
The following medication is not allowed during the placebo-controlled part (Part A) of the study:

Agents that influence bowel habits, including, but not limited to:

Opiates (eg, codeine), antacids containing calcium carbonate or aluminum 
hydroxide, magnesium containing drugs, beta-blockers, clonidine, diuretics 
(nonpotassium-sparing), ganglionic blockers, muscle blockers (D-tubocurarine, 
succinylcholine, botulinum toxin), phenytoin, serotonin (5-HT3) antagonists, 
loperamide, sucralfate, antispasmodics (eg, dicyclomine), metoclopramide, and 
erythromycin are not allowed during the entire study and the use of these medications 
must be stopped at the start of the screening period.

Chronic use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents is not allowed. Occasional use 
of acetaminophen is allowed. 

Anticholinergics are not allowed, apart from occasional use of diphenhydramine or 
second generation oral antihistamines such as desloratadine for allergic rhinitis or 
urticaria.

Sympathomimetics are not allowed, with the exception of inhaled sympathomimetics.

For subjects aged >1 year, iron preparations are not allowed.
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
Treatment with antidepressants, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) 
medication, inhaled sympathomimetics or Ca2+ blockers, taken at start of the study, can 
be continued if the subject is on a stable dose of antidepressant/ADHD 
medication/inhaled sympathomimetics/Ca2+ blockers for at least 4 weeks prior to Visit 1 
(screening) and if this same regimen will be used for the entire study.
The following medication is not allowed during the entire study (placebo-controlled part [Part A] 
and safety extension part [Part B]):

Antibiotics (except for erythromycin) are only allowed for as long as appropriate to treat 
the condition requiring the antibiotics. Care should be taken to avoid dehydration if 
diarrhea would occur.
Use of probiotics is allowed, if prescribed in addition to the antibiotic treatment.

Subject should stop their current laxative regiment from Visit 1 (screening) onwards. 
During the study, subjects and/or parent(s)/caregiver(s)/legally authorized 
representative(s) have to agree to only use the protocol-allowed rescue medication (see 
Section 6.7.3).
All medications (prescriptions or over-the-counter medications) taken during the course of the 
study must be documented on the Concomitant Medication page of the electronic case report 
form (eCRF).
The investigator must contact the study medical monitor to discuss any changes to concomitant 
medications that may impact the study; the outcome of such discussions should be documented 
in detail in the subject’s source documentation. Any prohibited treatments taken during the 
course of the study will be recorded as protocol deviations.
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7.
DISCONTINUATION OF STUDY INTERVENTION AND SUBJECT 
DISCONTINUATION/WITHDRAWAL
7.1
Discontinuation of Study Treatment
Any medically important event that in the opinion of the investigator, study medical monitor, or 
sponsor compromises a subject’s safety may require discontinuation of IP and/or withdrawal of 
the subject from the study. 
7.2
Discontinuation of Study IP
If IP is discontinued, regardless of the reason, the evaluations listed for Visit 23 (early 
termination [ET]) will be performed as completely as possible. Whenever possible, all 
discontinued subjects should also undergo the protocol-specified evaluations at Visit 24 
(follow-up). Comments (spontaneous or elicited) or complaints made by the subject must be 
recorded in the source documents. The reason for discontinuation, date of discontinuation of the 
IP, and the total amount of IP administered must be recorded in the source documents.
Subjects who withdraw from the study are not to be replaced. 
7.3
Reasons for Discontinuation 
The reason for withdrawal must be determined by the investigator and recorded in the subject’s 
source document. If a subject is discontinued for more than 1 reason, each reason should be 
documented in the source document and the most clinically relevant reason should be indicated.
Reasons for discontinuation include but are not limited to:

AE.

Withdrawal of consent by subject.
Note: All attempts should be made to determine the underlying reason for the withdrawal and, 
where possible, the primary underlying reason should be recorded (ie, withdrawal due to an AE 
should not be recorded in the “voluntary withdrawal” category). If a subject chooses to withdraw 
from study participation due to personal concerns related to the Coronavirus Disease 2019 
(COVID-19) pandemic (other than a COVID-19–related AE), this should be specified as the 
reason for subject withdrawal in the eCRF.

Lost to follow-up (see Section 7.4).

Death.

Screen failure.

Noncompliance with IP.

Physician decision.

Pregnancy.
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
Study terminated by sponsor.

Disease worsening.

Other.
Note: The specific reasons should be recorded in the “specify” field of the eCRF. The reason for 
discontinuation should be entered into the eCRF including such unavoidable circumstances as 
the COVID-19 pandemic. Subjects may withdraw from the study at any time at the discretion of 
the investigator or sponsor for safety reasons, which should be entered into the eCRF.
7.4
Withdrawal from the Study
A subject may withdraw from the study at any time and for any reason without prejudice to 
his/her future medical care by the physician or at the institution or may be withdrawn at any time 
at the discretion of the investigator or sponsor (eg, in the interest of subject safety). The 
investigator is encouraged to discuss withdrawal of a subject with the study medical monitor 
when possible.
7.5
Subjects Lost to Follow-up Prior to the Last Scheduled Visit
A minimum of 3 documented attempts must be made to contact any subject who is lost to 
follow-up at any time point prior to the last scheduled contact (office visit or telephone contact). 
At least 1 of these documented attempts must include a written communication sent to the 
subject’s last known address via courier or mail (with an acknowledgement of receipt request) 
asking that they return to the site for final safety evaluations and return any unused IP.
7.6
Safety-related Stopping Rules
If any of the stopping criteria outlined in Section 7.6.1, Section 7.6.2, and Section 7.6.3 and 
described in detail in the DMC charter are confirmed, the investigator, in consultation with the 
study medical monitor or appropriately qualified designee, will withhold IP or permanently 
discontinue the subject from further treatment with IP. Specific stopping rules related to diarrhea 
are discussed in Section 7.6.3.
Administration of IP must initially be suspended until retest for the results are available and an
assessment is made by the investigator and communicated to the study medical monitor. 
Alternatively, interruption in the administration of IP may be required to assess the effect of and 
resolution of an intercurrent illness.
Should the investigator and sponsor decide that IP is to be permanently discontinued, the subject 
is encouraged to complete the study withdrawal procedures and the termination visit. Subjects 
who do not meet the stopping rules based on retest may continue dosing and the investigator with 
the study medical monitor should consult if additional close monitoring of the subject is 
appropriate.
If the administration of IP is suspended on 2 different occasions for the same AE, the subject 
shall be permanently discontinued from the IP. 
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Baseline values for safety monitoring are the average between the value obtained during the 
screening visit and the baseline visit, unless a confounder (eg, intercurrent illness) causes 
variability outside of what is expected based on the investigator's judgment (in which case a third 
value may need to be obtained).
7.6.1
Guidelines for Monitoring/Interruption for Clinically Significant Findings in 
Laboratory Parameters
For the monitoring rules, the ULN and lower limit of normal (LLN) range in children based on 
the reference range used by the central laboratory will be used. 
If at any time during the study, a laboratory result the exceeds the ULN or LLN (for age) or the 
predefined ULN or LLN or there is a sustained doubling compared with the subject's baseline 
level, the measurement(s) should be re-confirmed 48 to 72 hours after the availability of the 
initial finding of potential concern. 
Frequency of Repeat Measurements for Safety Monitoring: 
Subjects with a confirmed test level that is continuing to rise should have it repeated according to 
standard of care until levels stabilize or trends towards recovery.
Guidance for Discontinuation of IP for Increased Laboratory Levels:
If a laboratory test result level (eg, prolactin, liver associated enzymes ALT, AST, total bilirubin, 
and renal function tests) shows a clinically significant increase compared with the baseline or if 
at any time during the study the ALT and AST exceeds >3x the ULN and the total bilirubin level 
>2x the ULN, the IP should be discontinued/withheld temporarily. Other criteria resulting in 
discontinuation of the IP and causality assessment are:

A single ALT or AST value >8 × ULN.

ALT or AST >5 × ULN at least twice over a 2-week period.

AST or ALT >3 × ULN along with the appearance of symptoms of fatigue, nausea, 
vomiting, right upper quadrant pain, rash, fever, or eosinophilia (>5%). 
A new blood draw should be performed 48 to 72 hours after the availability of the initial finding 
during an unscheduled visit. If the initial finding is confirmed, the IP should be permanently 
discontinued and a causality assessment should be completed. The subject should then be closely 
monitored until levels stabilize or trends towards recovery. 
Other potential causes should be evaluated where there is a combined increased AST or ALT and 
total bilirubin, such as viral hepatitis A, B, or C; pre-existing or acute liver disease; or another 
potential interaction or insult caused by a concomitant medication leading to the observed injury.
Re-introduction of the IP (re-challenge) should be discussed by the investigator with the study 
medical monitor after consideration of the benefit/risk to the subject and will only be done after 
the subject signs an informed consent.
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7.6.2
Guidelines for Monitoring/Interruption for Clinically Significant Findings on 
ECG from Baseline, Cardiac-related Findings in Signs and Symptoms 
In the event of a confirmed clinically significant change on ECG related to heart rhythm, rate, or 
any other findings, the investigator and the study medical monitor should consider a temporary 
interruption of IP. Dosing may resume after the subject’s status and ECG as well, as other 
relevant parameters, stabilize or trend towards recovery (at the discretion of the investigator and 
in consultation with the study medical monitor). 
If the subject reports as having palpitations (an unpleasant sensation of irregular and/or forceful 
beating of the heart) and/or has syncope (including vasovagal syncope, orthostatic syncope), the
subject needs to be carefully examined (ECG, physical examination, etc). 
If a coexisting clinically important finding is confirmed, the investigator and the study medical 
monitor should consider a temporary interruption of IP and decide if re-administration of the 
product is appropriate. 
In the event of any clinically important changes in ECG parameters, IP should be temporarily 
discontinued, the findings should be investigated, and the investigator should inform the study 
medical monitor. If the subject (or investigator) wishes to withdraw consent the termination visit 
should be scheduled and completed.
Re-introduction of the IP (re-challenge) should be discussed by the investigator with the study 
medical monitor after consideration of the benefit/risk to the subject and will only be done after 
the subject signs an informed consent. If another clinically important change in ECG parameters 
is subsequently observed for the same subject, he/she should be permanently withdrawn from the 
study.
7.6.3
Guidelines for Monitoring/Interruption for Clinically Significant Findings from 
Gastrointestinal AEs
IP should be discontinued if a subject sustains severe gastrointestinal disorders that require 
hospitalization and/or other interventions.
Diarrhea:
IP should be discontinued if a subject reports sustained and severe diarrhea that requires 
hospitalization and/or an intravenous or nutritional supplementation or leads to severe electrolyte 
disturbances.
7.6.4
Guidelines for Monitoring/Interruption for Suicidal Ideation/Suicidal Behavior 
Throughout the study, subjects and caregivers will be reminded to be aware of any emerging 
psychiatric changes.
In case a suicidal ideation (SI)/suicidal behavior (SIB), defined as an adverse event of special 
interest (AESI) in this study (see Appendix 3), is identified by the investigator, subjects will 
temporarily discontinue IP and will be referred to a mental health professional (MHP) and/or 
sent to the emergency room (ER). The MHP identified by the site will provide initial psychiatric 
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management and/or continuing cognitive behavioral therapy, per standard of care. These 
healthcare visits including any emergency room visits for urgent cases will be documented in the 
eCRF. A detailed site workflow in case of SI/SIB is provided in Appendix 8. 
The site will report the event on the AE eCRF page and the Safety Report Form within 24 hours. 
The MHP will complete his or her evaluation of the subject and will provide an assessment to the 
site with recommendations that may include continuing psychiatric management per standard of 
care. The investigator will then assess the AESI for causality (relatedness to the IP) and will 
update the information on the AE eCRF page and the Safety Report Form. The investigator will 
also send his or her redacted notes on the case to the sponsor. If the AESI is confirmed as a case 
of SIB, the subject will be permanently discontinued from the IP and the study. The subject will 
be followed up for 28 days or until closure of the AE. If the AESI is not confirmed as a case of 
SIB, the investigator should consult with the sponsor to assess the benefits and risks of 
re-initiating IP in the subject. If the investigator and sponsor agree to restart the IP, the subject 
will continue in the study with routine safety assessments as planned in the Schedule of 
Activities. If the investigator and sponsor think it is not in the best interest for the subject to 
restart IP, despite assessment of causality being unrelated to IP, the subject will be permanently 
discontinued from the IP and the study. The subject will be followed up for 28 days or until 
closure of the AE.
Further, SI/SIB cases will be reported to and reviewed by the DMC. 
Note that other psychiatric events should be captured as regular AE/SAE and followed per 
protocol (see Appendix 3).
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8.
STUDY ASSESSMENTS AND PROCEDURES
8.1
Study Periods
Refer to Table 1 (Placebo-controlled Part [Part A]) and Table 2 (Safety Extension Part [Part B]) 
for the schedule of study activities. Study assessments are detailed in Section 8.2.
8.1.1
Screening Period 
8.1.1.1
Screening Visit (Visit 1)
The screening visit(s) (Visit 1) will be performed between 10 to 33 days before Visit 2. (The 
screening period can be as short as 10 days, if 7 consecutive days of diary data have been 
recorded prior to disimpaction and disimpaction takes as little as 3 days.) The assessments and 
procedures specified in Table 1 will be performed. The screening visit will result in a screen 
success or a screen failure.

A screen success is a subject and/or their parent(s)/caregiver(s)/legally authorized 
representative(s) who has given informed consent/assent and met all inclusion criteria 
and none of the exclusion criteria. 

A screen failure is a subject who has given informed consent and failed to meet all 
inclusion criteria and/or met at least 1 of the exclusion criteria and has not been 
randomized or administered IP. A subject who has been designated as a screen failure 
may be rescreened – after an appropriate break (7-28 days) – up to 1 time. However, 
rescreened subjects must begin the screening procedure again, must be re-consented, and 
will be assigned a new subject number. Additionally, a subject’s abnormal screening 
laboratory results may be repeated once for confirmation before designating a subject as a 
screen failure if the repeated assessment is conducted during the screening window.
All successfully screened subjects will enter the screening period. During the screening period it 
will be checked whether the subjects can fulfill the entry criteria for randomization into the 
study. Subject and/or parent(s)/caregiver(s)/legally authorized representative(s) will discontinue 
any laxatives and complete the required e-Diary entries. 
All subjects need to undergo the fecal disimpaction procedure during the screening period (see 
Section 6.7.3.2). All subjects will be supplied with the appropriate fecal disimpaction medication 
at the screening visit (Visit 1). 
The screening period includes at least 3 telephone contacts (and can include an unscheduled 
visit) to check the subject’s symptoms and to decide when to start the fecal disimpaction 
procedure. 

The first telephone contact should occur approximately 7 days after the screening visit 
(Visit 1) to check the subject’s symptoms. If the subject has <3 BMs during the previous 
7 days (confirmed by the e-Diary entries), the disimpaction procedure can be planned for 
the following 7 days. In case the subject has ≥3 BMs during the previous 7 days 
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(confirmed by the e-Diary entries), the screening will continue. A follow-up call will be 
planned within 3-7 days. The call will be recorded in the eCRF.

The second telephone contact should occur at the day of the fecal disimpaction 
procedure. The call will be recorded in the eCRF.

The third telephone contact should occur within 2 days after the fecal disimpaction 
procedure to check if the procedure was successful. Subject/parent(s)/caregiver(s) may be 
invited for an on-site visit to discuss further disimpaction procedures with the investigator 
(unscheduled visit). If the disimpaction was successful, the subject can proceed to the 
baseline visit (Visit 2). If the disimpaction was not successful (or fecal impaction is still 
detected at the unscheduled visit), the subject is allowed to repeat disimpaction once, as 
long as within the screening window (up to 33 days), and the subject may receive a 
second round of disimpaction medication (see Section 6.7.3.2). The call will be recorded 
in the eCRF. 
A successful disimpaction is a prerequisite for randomization. 
8.1.1.2
Baseline Visit (Visit 2)
The baseline visit (Visit 2) will be scheduled within 7 days of the successful disimpaction. Note 
that the physical examination at Visit 2 may also include a rectal examination to confirm the 
presence or absence of fecal impaction (optional; if clinically warranted). If fecal impaction is 
still detected and repeating assessment would occur outside of screening window, subject will be 
allowed to rescreen (starting with the screening visit - Visit 1) with 1 remaining attempt for 
disimpaction.
After eligibility has been confirmed and all baseline procedures and assessments have been 
completed, a subject will be randomized to 1 of the 3 treatment arms as described in Section 4.1
and the first dose of IP will be administered.
Results of the baseline laboratory tests are not required for IP administration, but must be 
reviewed as soon as possible thereafter.
The assessments and procedures specified in Table 1 will be performed.
8.1.2
Placebo-controlled Part (Part A)
8.1.2.1
Visits 3-5, 7-9, and 11-13 (Weeks 1-3, 5-7, and 9-11)
Visits 3-5, 7-9, and 11-13 are telephone contacts (not on-site visits). These visits will be 
scheduled:

on Day 7 (targeted to occur ±3 days) (Week 1).

on Day 14 (targeted to occur ±3 days) (Week 2).

on Day 21 (targeted to occur ±3 days) (Week 3).

on Day 35 (targeted to occur ±3 days) (Week 5).
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
on Day 42 (targeted to occur ±3 days) (Week 6).

on Day 49 (targeted to occur ±3 days) (Week 7).

on Day 63 (targeted to occur ±3 days) (Week 9).

on Day 70 (targeted to occur ±3 days) (Week 10).

on Day 77 (targeted to occur ±3 days) (Week 11). 
At the investigator's discretion, an on-site visit may be scheduled instead of a telephone contact. 
The assessments and procedures specified in Table 1 will be performed.
8.1.2.2
Visits 6, 10, and 14 (Weeks 4, 8, and 12)
Visits 6, 10, and 14 are on-site visits. These visits are scheduled will be scheduled:

on Day 28 (targeted to occur ±3 days) (Week 4).

on Day 56 (targeted to occur ±3 days) (Week 8).

on Day 84 (targeted to occur ±3 days) (Week 12).
8.1.3
Safety Extension Part (Part B)
8.1.3.1
Visits 15a, 16, 18, 20, 22 (Weeks 14, 20, 28, 36, and 44)
Visits 15a, 16, 18, 20 and 22 are telephone contacts (not on-site visits). These visits will be 
scheduled:

on Day 98 (targeted to occur ±3 days) (Week 14).

on Day 140 (targeted to occur ±3 days) (Week 20).

on Day 196 (targeted to occur ±3 days) (Week 28).

on Day 252 (targeted to occur ±3 days) (Week 36).

on Day 308 (targeted to occur ±3 days) (Week 44).
At the investigator's discretion, an on-site visit may be scheduled instead of a telephone contact. 
The assessments and procedures specified in Table 2 will be performed.
8.1.3.2
Visits 15b, 17, 19, and 21 (Weeks 16, 24, 32, and 40)
Visits 15b, 17, 19, and 21 are on-site visits. These visits will be scheduled:

on Day 112 (targeted to occur ±3 days) (Week 16).

on Day 168 (targeted to occur ±3 days) (Week 24).

on Day 224 (targeted to occur ±3 days) (Week 32).

on Day 280 (targeted to occur ±3 days) (Week 40).
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8.1.3.3
Visit 23 (Week 48): Final Visit or Early Termination 
Visit 23 is scheduled to take place on Day 336 (targeted to occur ±3 days) (Week 48). The 
assessments and procedures specified in Table 2 will be performed. The Week 48 assessments 
and procedures will also form the ET assessments for any subject who is withdrawn early or 
discontinued from the study. 
A subject’s status for study completion will be collected in the eCRF. The subject is considered 
to have completed the study if IP was administered without discontinuation of study treatment 
(see Section 7) prior to Visit 23.
8.1.4
Follow-up Period
The follow-up period for this protocol is 4 weeks (28 days). The follow-up period starts after 
Visit 23 or the ET visit. No additional data will be collected after subject completes the 
follow-up period. Subjects can return to standard of care.
At the end of this period there will be a logged telephone call or email (with confirmation 
receipt) initiated by the site staff to query for SAEs, AEs, and concomitant and prohibited 
medications. All AEs and SAEs that are not resolved at the time of this contact will be followed
to closure (see Appendix 3).
8.1.5
Unscheduled Visits
An unscheduled visit may occur when the subject returns to the clinic at any time during the 
treatment period for additional evaluation of symptoms or side effects, study medication 
resupply, or additional laboratory sample redraws. An unscheduled visit may also occur for other 
reasons (eg, technical issues with the e-Diary), in consultation with the sponsor/CRO. The date 
and reason for the unscheduled visit will be recorded in the source documents and the eCRF.
If an unscheduled visit occurs, at a minimum, the following procedures are to be performed:

Concomitant medications.

AE monitoring.

Access IRT, if replacement IP is needed.

e-Diary compliance.
Additional procedures described in Table 1 and Table 2 may be performed at the investigator’s 
discretion. If required per protocol based on subject’s laboratory results during the study, 
additional procedures may be performed at this visit. Repeated laboratory assessments may be 
performed, as appropriate (refer to separate laboratory manual). If the visit results in premature 
discontinuation, ET assessments should be performed.
8.1.6
Additional Care of Subjects after the Study
No aftercare is planned for this study.
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8.2
Study Assessments 
Every effort should be made to ensure that the protocol-required tests and procedures are 
completed as described. However, it is anticipated that from time to time there may be 
circumstances outside the control of the investigator which may make it unfeasible to perform 
the tests and procedures. In these cases, the investigator will take all steps necessary to ensure the 
safety and wellbeing of the subject.
All clinical outcome or patient-reported questionnaires should be completed before completing 
any other visit assessments. 
8.2.1
Demographic and Other Baseline Characteristics
Subject demographic information including sex, age, ethnicity, country/region, and race will be 
collected prior to the subject receiving the first dose of IP. 
8.2.1.1
Height and Weight
A subject should have weight and height or length, as age appropriate, measured while wearing 
indoor clothing and with shoes off. Care should be taken to ensure accurate height and weight 
measurements are obtained and the same method of measurement (same measuring device/scale) 
is used at required visits.
8.2.1.2
Medical and Medication History
Medical and medication history will be collected and recorded in the subject’s source documents.
The severity of constipation will be recorded, and baseline characteristics of the functional 
constipation (current symptoms) will be documented, including a history of retentive posturing 
or excessive volitional stool retention and other symptoms included in the Rome IV criteria. A 
repeat assessment of the Rome IV criteria will be completed at the Week 12 visit or at the study 
visit associated with an early termination in Part A.
In addition, in order to assess transit time, specific questions will be included on night or daytime 
soiling and absent urge to defecate. To assess IBS with constipation (IBS-C), specific questions 
will be included on IBS-C diagnosis.
8.2.2
Efficacy
To record efficacy, the subject and/or parent(s)/caregiver(s)/legally authorized representative(s) 
must be able to read and/or complete the e-Diary and questionnaires. 
8.2.2.1
E-Diary 
All subjects and/or parent(s)/caregiver(s)/legally authorized representative(s) who are to 
complete the e-Diary during the course of the study, must be trained on its use and interpretation. 
The e-Diary will be administered electronically and in the event of technical device failure a 
web-based back-up system will be used. 
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There will be 3 versions of the e-diary: 

self-completed for toilet-trained subjects ≥8 years of age

caregiver completed for toilet-trained subjects ≥3 but <8 years of age, with subject input, 
as appropriate

caregiver completed for non-toilet-trained subjects ≥6 months years of age
Each version will address only those signs and symptoms that are essential for daily data capture 
in each subpopulation. Note that the use of the e-Diary and included questionnaires will be based 
on age at consent.
The end user completing the e-Diary should preferably remain the same throughout the duration 
of the study. Should a backup be required, this person must also be trained on the use of the 
e-Diary.
Efficacy will be assessed based on variables recorded in the e-Diary. 
A summary of the items that will be recorded daily during the screening, Part A, and Part B parts 
of the study is provided below.

e-Diary items to be recorded during screening for toilet-trained subjects: 

for each bowel movement: date and time, consistency (using the BSFS), level of 
straining needed (using a 3-level Likert scale), worst abdominal pain (using 
Wong-Baker for subjects ≥3 to <8 years of age and the 11-point NRS for subjects 
≥8 years of age)

e-Diary items to be recorded during screening for non-toilet-trained subjects:

for each bowel movement: date and time, consistency (using the BSFS), level of 
straining needed (using a 3-level Likert scale)

e-Diary items to be recorded during Part A for toilet-trained subjects:

date and time of IP intake

for each bowel movement: date and time, consistency (using the BSFS), level of 
straining needed (using a 3-level Likert scale), worst abdominal pain (using 
Wong-Baker for subjects ≥3 to <8 years of age and the 11-point NRS for subjects 
≥8 years of age)

rescue medication: date and time

e-Diary items to be recorded during Part A for non-toilet-trained subjects:

date and time of IP intake

for each bowel movement: date and time, consistency (using the BSFS), level of 
straining needed (using a 3-level Likert scale),

rescue medication: date and time
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
e-Diary items to be recorded during Part B for all subjects:

date and time of IP intake

rescue medication: date and time
Paper outlines of the e-Dairy including all items (ie, those for Part A) are provided in 
Appendix 9, Appendix 10, and Appendix 11 for non-toilet-trained subjects who are at least 
6 months of age, for toilet-trained subjects ≥3 but <8 years, and for subjects ≥8 years, 
respectively.
Subjects should be instructed to start completing daily evening diaries once the 5-day washout 
period for prohibited therapies has been completed at the start or during the screening period.
Additional information on different outcome measurements included in the e-Diary 
(Wong-Baker faces scale, NRS, and BSFS) are provided in the sections below.
Wong-Baker Faces Scale
In toilet-trained subjects aged ≥3 to <8 years at baseline, worst abdominal pain will be measured 
using the Wong-Baker self-assessment faces scale within the e-Diary. Although the caregiver 
should complete other e-Diary assessments for this age group, the Wong-Baker faces Scale 
should be completed with subject input (ie, subjects need to select the face they feel illustrates 
the pain they are experiencing). 
Assessments performed by caregivers and subjects will be analyzed separately.
The Wong-Baker Faces Scale is provided in Appendix 14. 
Numerical Response Scale
In subjects aged ≥8 years, worst abdominal pain will be measured within the e-Diary using an 
11-point NRS where 0 presents no pain and 10 presents the worst pain imaginable. Subjects will 
only be able to select whole numbers on the NRS. 
A screenshot of the planned NRS within the e-Diary is provided in Appendix 15.
Bristol Stool Form Scale (BSFS)
Stool consistency will be scored using the BSFS scale. 
Subjects aged ≥8 years (at screening) need to complete the e-Diary using the BSFS themselves. 
For subjects <8 years, who are toilet-trained the parent(s)/caregiver(s)/legally authorized 
representative(s) should complete the e-Diary using the BSFS based on their interactions and 
observations. For subjects at least 6 months of age who are not toilet-trained, the 
parent(s)/caregiver(s)/legally authorized representative(s) should complete the e-Diary using the 
BSFS.
Assessments performed by caregivers and subjects will be analyzed separately.
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The standard BSFS is provided in Appendix 16.
8.2.2.2
Impression of Severity Assessment
The PGI-S and CGI-S will only be used during Part A of the study and should be administered 
prior to the PedsQL Gas and Bloating questionnaire discussed in Section 8.2.2.3. It is also 
recommended to be completed prior to any other clinical assessments or procedures.
PGI-S
The PGI-S is a single question that will be administered to toilet-trained subjects aged ≥8 years 
(at screening) as outlined in the Schedule of Activities (Table 1) and Appendix 6. Subjects will 
self-complete the questionnaire. 
The PGI-S is a global index that is used to capture the patient’s overall perception of their 
constipation severity (a single-state scale) and will be completed electronically. 
The PGI-S is provided in Appendix 17.
CGI-S
The CGI-S is a single question that will be administered to caregivers of toilet-trained subjects 
3 to <8 years as outlined in the Schedule of Activities (Table 1) and Appendix 6.
The CGI-S is designed for caregivers to evaluate the severity of their child’s condition and will 
be completed electronically.
The CGI-S is provided in Appendix 17.
8.2.2.3
Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory Gastrointestinal Symptom Scales 
(PedsQL GI; Gas and Bloating Module)
At the times indicated in the Schedule of Activities (Table 1 [Part A only]) the subject and/or 
parent(s)/caregiver(s)/or legally authorized representative(s) will be asked to electronically 
complete the PedsQL GI Acute version 3.0 Module on gas and bloating. 
The PedsQL GI score is a series of validated independent questionnaire modules to assess the 
quality of life in subjects with gastrointestinal symptoms. The modules to be used in this study 
include the parent report form for toilet-trained toddlers (2-4 years) and young children 
(5-7 years) and the self-report form for children (8-12 years) and for teens (13-18 years). Only 
the gas and bloating (7 questions) module of the PedsQL GI will be used and symptoms will be 
assessed over the previous 7 days. 
All questioned items are rated on a 5-point scale for “problems with” (0=never, 1=almost never, 
2=sometimes, 3=often, 4=almost always).
Subjects aged ≥8 years (at screening) need to complete the questionnaire themselves. For 
younger toilet-trained subjects (≥3 to <8), parent(s)/caregiver(s)/legally authorized 
representative(s) should complete the questionnaire based on their interactions and observations. 
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Assessments performed by caregivers and subjects will be analyzed separately. The assessments 
will not be completed for non-toilet-trained subjects.
A listing of PedsQL GI Gas and Bloating instrument is provided in Appendix 12. An excerpt of 
the PedsQL GI including the only the Gas and Bloating Module for each age group is provided 
in Appendix 13 (Copyright© 1998 JW Varni, Ph.D. All Rights Reserved. Not to be reproduced 
without permission). 
8.2.2.4
Retentive Posturing
Retentive posturing is defined as the attempt to preserve continence by vigorous contraction of 
the gluteal muscles. Children with retentive posturing will be typically tight legged, tiptoed, 
and/or will have a back-arching posture.
At the times indicated in the Schedule of Activities (Table 1 [Part A only]) the subject and/or 
parent(s)/caregiver(s)/or legally authorized representative(s) will be asked whether retentive 
posturing has occurred during the previous 4 weeks by the clinical investigator. This assessment 
is applicable only to toilet-trained subjects at least 3 years of age. The investigator will log 
responses in source notes and eCRF.
8.2.2.5
Fecal Incontinence
Fecal incontinence is defined as unintentional smear or liquid stool in the underwear that is not 
due to poor wiping. Fecal incontinence can only occur in toilet-trained subjects. Non-retentive 
fecal incontinence is diagnosed (must include at least a 1-month history in a child with a 
developmental age older than 4 years for all the following): (i) defecation in places inappropriate 
to the sociocultural context, (ii) No evidence of fecal retention, and (iii) after appropriate 
evaluation, the fecal incontinence cannot be explained by another medical condition. 
At the times indicated in the Schedule of Activities (Table 1 [Part A only]) the subject and/or 
parent(s)/caregiver(s)/or legally authorized representative(s) will be asked whether fecal 
incontinence has occurred during the previous 7 days by the clinical investigator. This 
assessment is applicable only to toilet-trained subjects at least 3 years of age. The investigator 
will log responses in source notes and eCRF.
8.2.3
Safety
8.2.3.1
Physical Examination
A physical examination will be performed by the investigator. The initial physical examination 
(conducted during screening) will include the following:

Height, weight, and body mass index (BMI).

Inspection and palpation of thyroid.

Respiratory and cardiovascular exams.

Abdominal exam (muscle tone, distension, palpable abdominal mass, fecal mass).
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
Exam of perianal region (anal position, stool staining around anus or on undergarments, 
erythema, skin tags, anal fissure).

Exam of lumbosacral region (dimple, tuft of hair, gluteal cleft deviation, sacral agenesis, 
flat buttocks).

Lower limb neuromuscular examination including tone, strength, and deep tendons 
reflexes.

Optional: Digital rectal exam if clinically indicated or at the discretion of the investigator.

Optional: Anal and cremasteric reflex if clinically indicated or at the discretion of the 
investigator.
Subsequent physical examinations, conducted during the Placebo-controlled Part (Part A) and 
the Safety Extension Part (Part B) will include the following:

Respiratory and cardiovascular exams.

Abdominal exam (muscle tone, distension, fecal mass).

Optional: exam of perianal region (anal position, stool staining around anus or on 
undergarments, erythema, skin tags, anal fissure) if clinically indicated or at the 
discretion of the investigator.
Abnormalities identified at the screening visit (Visit 1) and at subsequent study visits will be 
recorded in the subject’s source documents. 
8.2.3.2
Adverse Events
At each study visit, subjects will be questioned in a general way to ascertain if AEs have 
occurred since the previous visit (eg, “Have you had any health problems since your last visit?”). 
Adverse events are collected from the time informed consent is signed. Refer to Appendix 3 for 
AE definitions, assessment, collection time frame, and reporting procedures. 
8.2.3.3
Vital Signs
Vital signs include blood pressure and pulse rate. Blood pressure should be determined by cuff 
(using the same method, the same arm, and the same position throughout the study). 
Vital signs should be taken supine after at least 5 minutes of rest and every attempt should be 
made to assure that the subject is calm (ie, not crying). 
Vital signs measurements will be recorded in the eCRF. Any clinically significant deviations 
from baseline (Visit 2) vital signs that are deemed clinically significant in the opinion of the 
investigator are to be recorded as an AE.
The investigator will assess whether a change from baseline (Visit 2) in vital signs may be 
deemed clinically significant and whether the change should be considered and recorded as an 
AE.
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8.2.3.4
Clinical Laboratory Tests
All clinical laboratory tests will be performed according to the laboratory’s standard procedures. 
Reference ranges will be supplied by the laboratory and used to assess the results for clinical 
significance and out-of-range changes which may be associated with, or constitute, an AE. The 
investigator should assess out-of-range clinical laboratory values for clinical significance, 
indicating if the value(s) is/are not clinically significant or clinically significant. 
Abnormal clinical laboratory values which are unexpected or not explained by the subject’s 
clinical condition, may, at the discretion of the investigator or sponsor, be repeated as soon as 
possible until confirmed, explained, or resolved.
A complete list of the clinical laboratory tests to be performed is provided in Appendix 2.
In addition, in subjects up to the age of approximately 6 years, a venipuncture will occur with a 
small or standard butterfly needle. For subjects above the age of approximately 6 years, a 
venipuncture will occur with a standard butterfly needle or a small standard needle. 
The use of local anesthetic creams is allowed to minimize the pain during blood draw. 
8.2.3.5
Pregnancy Test 
A serum (at screening) or urine (at all other time points indicated in Table 1) pregnancy test will 
be performed on all female subjects aged 12 years and/or subjects <12 years who have started 
menarche at the times indicated in the study Schedule of Activities (Table 1), or if pregnancy is 
suspected. 
A positive urine pregnancy test must be followed with a serum beta-human chorionic 
gonadotropin (β-hCG) pregnancy test performed by the central laboratory. Additional testing can 
be performed at the investigator’s discretion. Also, refer to Appendix 3.8, Pregnancy.
8.2.3.6
12-Lead Electrocardiogram
The ECG should be performed before laboratory blood collection. 
The eligibility of the subject will be based on the assessment of the ECG by the investigator at 
screening (Visit 1). 
If abnormal results are observed, the investigator, in consultation with the sponsor, will 
reconfirm the subject’s eligibility to continue. 
8.2.4
Clinical Pharmacology
For subjects who consent to the sparse PK sampling, their plasma prucalopride concentrations 
will be pooled with existing data and that data will be analyzed using population PK modeling 
approach. 
One blood sample will be collected after the first dose of prucalopride (Baseline/Visit 3) around 
the time to maximum observed plasma concentration (tmax) (between 1 to 3 hours post-dose). 
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Three additional samples will be taken, once each at Weeks 4, 8, and 12, near trough 
concentrations (between 14 and 26 hours post-dose) once steady state conditions have been 
established. Blood samples (1 mL) for drug analysis will be obtained at each visit or at premature 
discontinuation, simultaneously with the blood sample for clinical laboratory tests. The date, 
time, and dose of the last two intakes of trial medication and the exact time of blood sampling 
are to be recorded on the laboratory sample requisition form.
8.2.4.1
Blood Sample Collection and Handling Procedures
Blood samples will be collected at the time specified in study Schedule of Activities (Table 1 and 
Table 2) to measure plasma concentrations of prucalopride. Details of sample collection
(including recording the exact time of blood sampling), handling, shipment, and bioanalysis will 
be provided in the laboratory manual.
8.2.4.2
Plasma Drug Assay Methodology
Plasma sample analysis will be performed according to GCP and Organization for Economic 
Co-operation and Development regulations and applicable bioanalytical CRO Standard 
Operating Procedures. 
Plasma concentrations will be measured using a validated bioanalytical method. In addition, 
selected plasma samples may be used to assess incurred sample reproducibility. The presence of 
other metabolites or artifacts may be monitored or quantified as appropriate. Raw data will be 
stored in the archive of the designated bioanalytical contract laboratory.
8.2.5
Volume of Blood to Be Drawn from Each Subject
The volume of blood drawn will be approximately 7.0 mL per visit in subjects >6 years, 
approximately 4.5 mL per visit in subjects 2-6 years, and approximately 2.8 mL per visit in 
subjects <2 years.
For subjects who consent to the sparse PK sampling, an additional 4 mL may be added to the 
total volumes of each subject, regardless of age group.
Efforts will be made to optimize the use of available blood samples (specialized laboratories 
which are familiar with lowering the amount of blood volume taken will be used). The use of 
local anesthetic creams is allowed to minimize the pain during blood draw.
Note: The amount of blood to be drawn for each assessment is an estimate. The amount of blood 
to be drawn may vary according to the instructions provided by the manufacturer or laboratory 
for an individual assessment. When more than 1 blood assessment is to be done at the time 
point/period, if they require the same type of tube, the assessments may be combined. 
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Table 3
Volume of Blood to Be Drawn from Each Subject
Assessment
Sample Volume (mL)
Number of 
Samples
Total Volume (mL)
Subjects aged >6 years
Clinical pharmacology (optional a)
1
4
4
Safety b
Biochemistry
5.0
6
30
Hematology
2
6
12
Total mL
42-46
Subjects aged 2-6 years
Clinical pharmacology (optional)
1
4
4
Safety
Biochemistry
3.3
6
19.8
Hematology
1.2
6
7.2
Total mL
27-31
Subjects aged <2 years
Clinical pharmacology (optional)
1
4
4
Safety
Biochemistry
2.2
6
13.2
Hematology
0.6
6
3.6
Total mL
16.8-20.8
a For subjects and/or their parent(s)/caregiver(s)/legally authorized representative(s) who consent to PK sampling.
b Screening serum pregnancy is included in these volumes, as required for all female subjects aged ≥12 years and/or subjects 
<12 years who have started menarche
8.3
Changes to Study Procedures Due to COVID-19 or Similar Pandemic 
The following information provides guidance regarding changes to the study procedures that 
could be implemented for study participants or study sites affected by the COVID-19 Public 
Health Emergency. This guidance takes references from the FDA Guidance on Conduct of 
Clinical Trials of Medical Products during COVID-19 Public Health Emergency - Guidance for 
Industry, Investigators, and Institutional Review Boards, March 2020, updated 03 June 2020, and 
the EMA Guidance on the Management of Clinical Trials During the COVID 19 (Coronavirus) 
Pandemic, Version 3 (28 April 2020).
As the COVID-19 pandemic may peak in different regions at different times and restrictions 
implemented by local laws and recommendations may vary, any decision on procedural changes 
should be made on a case-by-case basis by the principal investigator in consultation with the 
study team and the medical team as needed, while maintaining patient safety and confidentiality 
as the priority.
Procedural changes due to COVID-19 may include the following:

Visits at Weeks 4 and 8 in Part A and visits at Weeks 16, 32, and 40 in Part B may be 
converted to home healthcare visits or phone calls to extend flexibility to subjects during 
the COVID-19 public health emergency. Home healthcare visits/phone calls will be 
documented in the study records and eCRF. The data collected from home healthcare 
visits/phone calls may be handled differently in the final data analysis, with this 
documented in the statistical analysis plan. All other planned in-clinic visits must be done 
with the subject present at the site. Any conversion of visits must be approved by the 
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sponsor. If it is not possible to perform an on-site or a home-based visit due to local 
restrictions related to COVID-19, the site staff will contact the subject by phone to assess 
for AEs, concomitant medication use and any additional assessments that are possible to 
assess over the phone (e.g. fecal incontinence assessment).

For home healthcare visits, collection of scheduled clinical laboratory samples (blood 
specimen collection or other diagnostic tests) will be performed by the investigator, 
qualified site staff, or a contracted qualified home health care professional who can visit 
the subject at home. All laboratory samples should still be sent to the designated 
laboratory as outlined in the laboratory manual. 

Sites may seek approval to extend a visit window in order to conduct an on-site visit. 
Assessments that cannot be completed during the protocol-specified window or within 
the visit window granted by the sponsor or designee will be considered missing data and 
such departures will be recorded in the study records. 

Missed clinic visits or subject withdrawals due to COVID-19 must be recorded on the 
eCRF (see Section 7.3). Subjects who discontinued from screening or run-in period due 
to COVID-19-related factors but were otherwise qualified to participate in the study may 
be rescreened. Any rescreening must be approved by the Takeda medical monitor.

ECG procedures: For home healthcare visits, ECGs may be performed by a qualified 
health care professional who is authorized/certified to perform such tests routinely.

Allow the use of a web-based back-up system on electronic devices. Allow Weeks 4, 8, 
16, 32, and 40 electronic clinical outcomes assessments (eCOAs) typically scheduled for 
completion at the clinic to be completed at home if a site visit cannot occur. 

In specific circumstances and with sponsor approval, it may be allowed to transfer 
subjects to sites away from risk zones or closer to their homes (either to new sites or sites 
already participating in the study).

Deviations from the protocol-specified procedures (eg, laboratory assessments) due to 
COVID-19 will be recorded as related to COVID-19.

During the COVID-19 public health emergency, alternative IP delivery to study 
participants may be necessary to avoid unnecessary visits to sites while providing needed 
IP. If there is a high risk that an upcoming visit may be converted from an on-site to off-
site visit, additional IP may be dispensed during a scheduled study visit. If needed, IP 
may also be shipped directly from investigational sites to participants’ residences by a 
contracted logistics provider or distributor (direct-to-patient [DTP] shipment) in 
compliance with national laws or temporary national emergency measures and Takeda 
processes. IP should continue to be assigned by IRT in all cases. IRT may be accessed in 
advance of scheduled administration to allow time for DTP shipment or to allow for the 
dispensation of additional IP.
All subject discontinuations and alternative approaches to study procedures (ie, procedures not 
conducted per the Schedule of Activities) due to the COVID-19 pandemic must be documented 
in the study records. Data collected using alternative methods may be handled differently in the 
final data analyses. This will be documented in the Statistical Analysis Plan.
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9.
STATISTICAL CONSIDERATIONS
9.1
Statistical Analysis Process
The study will be analyzed by the sponsor or its agent. 
The statistical analysis plan (SAP) will provide the statistical methods and definitions for the 
analysis of the efficacy and safety data, as well as describe the approaches to be taken for 
summarizing other study information such as subject disposition, demographics and baseline 
characteristics, IP exposure, and prior and concomitant medications. The SAP will also include a 
description of how missing, unused, and spurious data will be addressed.
The SAP will be finalized prior to the database lock, to preserve the integrity of the statistical 
analysis and study conclusions. Statistical issues related to the impact of the COVID-19 
pandemic will be more fully developed in the SAP. Unless otherwise specified, the primary 
analysis will include all subjects with usable data in the respective analysis datasets. Subjects 
identified as being affected by COVID-19 will be classified prior to treatment unbinding.
All statistical analyses will be performed using SASVersion 9.4 or higher (SAS Institute, Cary, 
NC 27513). 
9.2
Planned Interim Analysis and DMC
9.2.1
DMC
An independent DMC will be installed to monitor accumulating safety data in this study 
including SI/SIBs to detect evidence of possible safety issues. (Additional information on the 
referral of SI/SIB to the DMC is provided in Section 7.6.4.) The DMC will also be involved in 
both planned interim analyses to assess if efficacy is sufficient to continue the study. The DMC 
is independent and will give recommendation to the sponsor with regards to the termination of 
study. Ideally, the DMC will include 3 clinicians (of which at least one is a pediatrician), a PK 
expert, and a statistician. The exact composition will be described in the DMC charter. 
Unblinded data will be at the disposal of the DMC. The DMC review will consist of a closed 
session and an open session. During the closed session, the DMC will look at the data (blinded 
and if needed unblinded) and come to a recommendation for the sponsor. During the open 
session, the DMC recommendation is discussed with the sponsor (blinded). The sponsor remains 
blinded. The composition of the DMC, the responsibilities of all DMC members, and the relation 
between DMC and sponsor will be described in more detail in a separate DMC charter. The 
DMC chair or sponsor can request additional analyses or meetings. The DMC chair can invite 
additional internal or external experts to discuss specific issues.
For safety monitoring, the DMC will meet every 6 months. A DMC meeting can be cancelled 
when, compared to the previous DMC meeting, less than 15 additional subjects are randomized.
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9.2.2
Interim Analyses
Two IA will be conducted during the study.
The primary objective of the first IA is to evaluate stopping the study for futility. The first IA 
will be conducted when 50% of target number of toilet-trained subjects who are at least 3 years 
of age (ie, 120 subjects) are randomized into the study and have either completed or had 
withdrawn from the Placebo-controlled part (Part A). Futility evaluation will be based on the 
conditional power (Lan and Wittes 1988) using a stopping threshold of 20% for each dose arm. 
Only if both comparisons, low dose and high dose versus placebo, based on the primary endpoint 
have a conditional power (probability) of less than 20% the study will be stopped for futility. In 
all other situations the study will continue as planned, with both high and low dosing arms and 
the placebo arms.
A second IA will be performed when all randomized and toilet-trained subjects have completed 
or have withdrawn from the Placebo-controlled Part (Part A). At this IA, the primary endpoint 
will be analyzed as planned. The DMC will then make a recommendation to the sponsor to stop 
or continue the remainder of the study (Part B). If one of the doses shows a statistically 
significant difference (using the Hochberg step-up procedure for adjustment of multiplicity) with 
placebo, the study will be continued.
To maintain data integrity, the results from the IAs based on unblinded data will be accessible 
only to the independent statistician and external DMC, such that they can make a 
recommendation to the sponsor. At all points, the study team directly involved in the conduct of 
the study will remain blinded to maintain the double-blind nature of the study (see Section 6.1.2). 
All outputs for the interim analysis will be prepared by an independent analysis team. More 
details will be explained in the charter for the DMC.
9.3
Sample Size and Power Considerations
There is limited literature available with information of efficacy measures in children with 
functional constipation. For that reason, the data from a previous pediatric study with 
prucalopride (SPD555-C303) was used to estimate current primary endpoint - change from 
baseline in the average number of SBMs per week derived from the (diary) data over 12 weeks. 
In that 8-week study only the last 4 weeks (Weeks 5-8) of the treatment phase were used for 
evaluation of primary efficacy1 and over this period the average change in SBMs/week was 
approximately 1.40 SBM/week for placebo and 1.52 SBM/week for prucalopride. The overall 
average change in SBMs/week was 1.5 with a pooled standard deviation of 2.30 (standard 
deviation in placebo arm was 2.02 and in prucalopride treatment arm 2.57). This change is based 
on a selection of subjects with <3 SBM/week at baseline, corresponding to the inclusion criteria 
of the current study.
1 In study SPD555-C303, the first two weeks of the double-blind treatment phase were not used for the primary 
efficacy analysis because of a possible effect from the use of an enema or oral laxative agent during the screening 
phase to remove an impaction. Weeks 3 and 4 were used to evaluate the efficacy for a possible dose adjustment after 
4 weeks of treatment. Therefore, the primary endpoint was evaluated over Weeks 5 to 8.
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An attempt was made to get an estimate of the minimum clinically important difference (MCID) 
in average change from baseline of number of SBM/week, based on the data of the previous 
pediatric study with prucalopride (SPD555-C303). 
For this, the change from baseline in number of SBM/week was estimated per outcome score of 
the global evaluation of efficacy of treatment scale (the anchor) after 8 weeks of treatment. This 
scale had 5 outcome scores: not at all -, a little bit -, moderately - quite a bit- and extremely 
effective). 
Figure 2 presents the presents the average change from baseline over all subjects, per outcome of 
the global evaluation of efficacy of treatment.
Figure 2
Average Change from Baseline in Spontaneous Bowel Movements 
(Study SPD555-C303)
If we consider a moderate efficacy of treatment as a minimum clinically important difference, 
then it can be seen that those subjects have an average change from baseline of 1.37 SBM/week.
The 6 key efficacy studies with prucalopride in adults, showed a treatment difference of 
1.66 SBM/week for the subgroup of patients with <3 SBM/week at baseline.
Based on all this information and since this is a pediatric study, a difference of 1.40 SBM/week 
between a prucalopride treatment arm and placebo was chosen as a (clinically meaningful) 
treatment effect for the sample size estimation.
As we expect to observe a higher treatment effect with one of the doses of prucalopride in 
current study, as compared to the previous pediatric study SPD555-C303, this might result in 
more variability and therefore a slightly higher value for the pooled standard deviation of the 
change from baseline will be assumed to be 2.50.
The sample size was estimated through statistical simulations based on the Hochberg step-up 
procedure to control the type I error rate for primary efficacy endpoint. These simulations 
showed that with 80 toilet-trained subjects who are at least 3 years of age per treatment arm, 
Part A of the study will have at least 90% power to detect a treatment difference of 1.40 in 
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primary efficacy endpoint between at least one active dose versus placebo assuming pooled SD 
of 2.5, using a two-sided two-sample t-test at a significance level of 5% based on the Hochberg 
step-up procedure to control the type I error rate for primary efficacy endpoint.
In addition, for exploratory purposes, it is targeted to enroll a maximum of 15 non-toilet-trained 
subjects.
9.4
Estimands
The primary estimand of interest will be composite estimand and corresponding analysis 
methods are described below. Additional details will be provided in the SAP.

Population: modified intent-to-treat (mITT) (see Section 9.5 for population definitions).

Primary efficacy endpoint: the average change from baseline in number of SBMs per 
week derived from the (e-Diary) data over 12 weeks.

Any BM that occurs within 24 hours after intake of the rescue medication will not be 
considered as spontaneous.

Intercurrent events (ICEs): Discontinuation of treatment due of lack of efficacy and/or 
AE is considered an ICE in this study. Usage of rescue medication is the other ICE and is 
captured through the variable definition.
The “composite strategy” will be utilized to address the ICEs, where discontinuation due to lack 
of efficacy or AE will be considered as undesired treatment outcome in the analysis. We will 
continue to collect data for subjects while on rescue medication.

Population-level summary: 12-week average of the weekly average change from baseline 
in number of SBMs/week. 

Missing Data Handling: Missing data will be imputed using a hybrid imputation approach 
prior to analyses of primary and key secondary efficacy endpoints.
Subjects who discontinued due to lack of efficacy or AE during the course of the study will be 
considered as having undesired treatment outcome in the primary analysis. Subsequently, their 
missing data will be imputed using the worst observation carried forward (WOCF) under the 
missing not at random (MNAR) assumption. All other discontinuation/intermittent missingness 
will be imputed using multiple imputation under the missing at random (MAR) assumption. For 
multiple imputation, the weekly number of SBMs will be imputed by treatment group using a 
multivariate stepwise approach using a fully conditional specification regression method 
(Ratitch et al. 2013). Missing baseline weekly number of SBMs, if any, will be imputed using 
age and baseline global severity score. Missing post-baseline weekly number of SBMs will be 
imputed using all previous weeks in a stepwise fashion. Twenty multiply imputed datasets will 
be generated. Lastly, the imputed data under MNAR and MAR will be combined to obtain a 
complete dataset containing all subjects in the analysis population, and will be used to perform 
the pre-specified statistical modeling for primary and key secondary efficacy endpoints using 
mixed effects model for repeated measures (MMRM) for continuous endpoints and Cochran 
Mantel-Haenzel (CMH) test for binary endpoint.
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
Primary Analysis: The primary estimand will be estimated from a MMRM based on 
restricted maximum likelihood using the imputed data from the hybrid imputation 
approach. The MMRM will include treatment group, age groups, study week, 
treatment-group-by-study-week interaction as fixed effects, baseline number of 
SBM/week as a covariate and subject as a random effect. An unstructured variance-
covariance matrix will be used to model the within-subject errors for both treatment 
groups. The average change from baseline over 12 weeks will be estimated (LS means) 
by the above MMRM. The treatment difference in LS means between active treatment 
group versus placebo will be estimated. P-value, treatment difference in LS means and 
associated 95% confidence interval from the multiple imputed datasets will be combined 
using Rubin’s rules, as implemented in the PROC MIANALYZE procedure. 
Sensitivity analyses are discussed in Section 9.6.7.
Additional details regarding Tipping Point Analysis will be presented in the SAP.
9.5
Statistical Analysis Sets
Toilet-trained subjects who are at least 3 years of age

Screened Set: The screened set will consist of all toilet-trained subjects who are at least 
3 years of age and who have signed an informed consent form.

Enrolled Set: The enrolled set will consist of all toilet-trained subjects who are at least 
3 years of age and who have signed informed consent and also passed inclusion/exclusion 
criteria.

Intent-to-treat (ITT) Analysis Set: The ITT analysis set will consist of all toilet-trained 
randomized subjects who are at least 3 years of age. 

mITT Analysis Set: The mITT analysis set will consist of all toilet-trained randomized 
subjects who are at least 3 years of age and who receive at least 1 dose of IP. The 
treatment arm will be the arm to which they were randomized, regardless of what 
treatment they received.

Safety Analysis Set: The safety analysis set will consist of all toilet-trained randomized 
subjects who are at least 3 years of age and who receive at least 1 dose of IP. Subjects 
will be analyzed according to treatment received.

Per-protocol (PP) Analysis Set: The PP analysis set will consist of all toilet-trained 
randomized subjects who are at least 3 years of age and who do not have major protocol 
deviations that may affect the primary efficacy endpoint. Subjects with the following 
deviations (including, but not limited to), will be excluded from the PP Analysis Set:

Violations of inclusion and/or exclusion criteria: A subject who violated any 
inclusion and/or exclusion criteria will be excluded from the PP Analyses Set.
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
Compliance with study medication: A subject, who was less than 80% or more than 
120% compliant (can occur when the subject/caregiver intentionally or 
unintentionally overdoses) with his/her assigned treatment, as assessed by tablet 
count or liquid volume from the date of first dispensing to the date of last dose, will 
be excluded.

Incorrect timing of assessments: A primary/key secondary endpoint assessment 
performed outside a ±3 day window for the nominal visit time will be classified as a 
major protocol deviation.

Prohibited concomitant medications that could have a potential effect on efficacy 
endpoints. Protocol violations based on prohibited concomitant medications will be 
defined at the at the final data review meeting before database lock.

Taking wrong IP, ie, not the IP as randomized.

Based on the deviations as determined at database closure subjects with other major 
protocol deviations might be excluded from the per-protocol set. All subjects 
excluded will be listed with the reason for exclusion.

Completers Analysis Set: The Completers Analysis Set will consist of all toilet-trained 
subjects who are at least 3 years of age in the mITT Analysis Set who have completed the 
daily diary for at least 12 weeks during Part A of the study.
Non-toilet-trained Subjects 

Non-toilet-trained Enrolled Set: The enrolled set will consist of all non-toilet-trained 
subjects who have signed informed consent and also passed inclusion/exclusion criteria.

Non-toilet-Trained Intent-to-treat (NTTITT) Analysis Set: The ITT analysis set will 
consist of all non-toilet-trained randomized subjects. The treatment arm will be the arm to 
which they were randomized, regardless of what treatment they received.

Non-toilet-trained Modified Intent-to-treat (NTTmITT) Analysis Set: The mITT analysis 
set will consist of all non-toilet-trained randomized subjects who receive at least 1 dose 
of IP. The treatment arm will be the arm to which they were randomized, regardless of 
what treatment they received.

Non-toilet-trained Safety Analysis Set (NTTSAF): The safety analysis set will consist of 
all non-toilet-trained randomized subjects who receive at least 1 dose of IP. Subjects will 
be analyzed according to treatment received.
PK analysis Set

PK Analysis Set: The PK Analysis Set is defined as all subjects regardless of age in the 
Safety Analysis Sets and for whom at least 1 PK sample is evaluable.
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9.6
Efficacy Analyses
9.6.1
Primary Efficacy Endpoint
The primary efficacy endpoint is defined as the average change from baseline in number of 
SBMs per week derived from the (diary) data over 12 weeks, collected during the 
placebo-controlled part (Part A). 
A BM is defined as spontaneous (SBM) if not preceded within a period of 24 hours by the intake 
of rescue medication.
9.6.2
Primary Endpoint Hypothesis
The null and alternative hypotheses for the primary efficacy analysis are:

Null hypothesis 1: There is no difference in mean change from baseline in number of 
SBMs/week over 12 weeks between the low dose and placebo.

Alternative hypothesis 1: There is a difference in mean change from baseline in number 
of SBMs/week over 12 weeks between the low dose and placebo.

Null hypothesis 2: There is no difference in mean change from baseline in number of 
SBMs/week over 12 weeks between the high dose and placebo.

Alternative hypothesis 2: There is a difference in mean change from baseline in number 
of SBMs/week over 12 weeks between the high dose and placebo.
9.6.2.1
Primary Efficacy Analysis
The primary endpoint will be derived as described below:

For each subject, the number of SBMs will be calculated (using the formula below) for 
each of the 12 weeks in the Placebo-controlled Part (Part A) of the study and for baseline.

The (average) number of SBMs during the screening period (baseline) will be calculated 
as follows: 
	 
  () =
7 ∗(
 	 
  	 ℎ 	  	
)
(	 
  !ℎ
	"
 	 ℎ 	  	
)

: $ ℎ  
 ℎ  
  	
	 (3 
 12 )

For the calculation of weekly number of SBM, it is required that there are at least 4 days 
with completed diary data (ie, evaluable days). A day is considered evaluable (day with 
diary information) if at least some information on BM was recorded (ie, “no BM today” 
or the time of at least 1 BM was recorded). A minimum of 4 days each week are 
necessary to perform a weekly evaluation.
If there is no completed diary data available for at least 4 days, then weekly number of SBM will 
be set to missing and the missing weekly number of SBMs per week up to Week 12 will be 
imputed using hybrid imputation approach.
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
The (average) number of SBMs per week post-baseline will be calculated as follows:
	 
  (() ) =
7 ∗(
 	 
   () )
(	 
  !ℎ
	"
  () )

The change from baseline in number of SBM/week can be derived at each week during 
Placebo-controlled Part (Part A) of the study. The average change from baseline in 
number of SBM/week over the 12-week placebo-controlled Part A will be estimated 
through statistical modeling.
Note that BMs during the disimpaction period(s) which can take 3 to 12 days during the 
screening period and BMs within 24 hours after rescue medication intake during Part A, will not 
be counted.
Missing data will be imputed using a hybrid imputation approach prior to the analysis of the 
primary efficacy endpoint. The primary efficacy endpoint will be analyzed using a MMRM. The 
MMRM will include treatment group, age groups, study week, treatment-group-by-study-week 
interaction as fixed effects, baseline number of SBM/week as a covariate and subject as a 
random effect. An unstructured variance-covariance matrix will be used to model the within-
subject errors for both treatment groups. The average change from baseline over 12 weeks will 
be estimated (LS means) by the above MMRM. The treatment difference in LS means between 
active treatment group versus placebo will be estimated. P-value, treatment difference in LS 
means and associated 95% confidence interval from the multiple imputed datasets will be 
combined using Rubin’s rules, as implemented in the PROC MIANALYZE procedure. The 
restricted maximum likelihood method will be used, with an unstructured covariance structure 
(UN). If the UN covariance structure fails to converge, as an alternative, the Compound 
symmetry (CS) covariance matrix will be applied. For purpose of convergence, pooling of 
smaller centers might be needed, decisions on pooling will be made before unblinding.
The mITT will be used for efficacy analyses.
9.6.3
Key Secondary Efficacy Endpoints

The average change from baseline in stool consistency (based on BSFS score), assessed 
as the weekly average during the 12-week double-blind, placebo-controlled treatment 
phase.

The average change from baseline in straining (based on a 3-point Likert scale, assessed 
as the weekly average during the 12-week double-blind, placebo-controlled treatment 
phase.

The proportion of responders with a responder defined as a subject having an increase of 
≥1 SBM/week compared to baseline and ≥3 SBMs/week for at least 9 out of the 12 weeks 
of placebo-controlled part (Part A), including 3 of the last 4 weeks.
9.6.3.1
Key Secondary Efficacy Analysis
Missing data will be imputed using a hybrid imputation approach prior to analyses of key 
secondary efficacy endpoints.
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The continuous endpoints using the MMRM with the same covariates and factors as for the 
primary endpoint.
The binary endpoints using CMH test, controlling for the stratification variables age and baseline 
number of SBMs/week. An overall combined p-value, response rates and difference in response 
rates plus 95% confidence interval will be derived using Rubin’s rules, as implemented in the 
PROC MIANALYZE procedure. The CMH test statistic will be normalized using the Wilson-
Hilferty transformation before combining.
Additional details will be described in the Statistical Analysis Plan (SAP).
9.6.4
Other Secondary Efficacy Endpoints

Other secondary efficacy endpoint in toilet-trained subjects who are at least 3 years of 
age:

Proportion of subjects with fecal incontinence per week during the 12-week 
treatment Period.
9.6.5
Exploratory Efficacy Endpoints

Exploratory efficacy endpoints in toilet-trained subjects who are at least 3 years of age:

The average change in worst abdominal pain score over the past 24 hours (based on a 
Wong-Baker faces scale in subjects <8 years and the 11-point NRS in subjects 
≥8 years), assessed as the weekly average during the 12-week double-blind, 
placebo-controlled treatment phase.

Proportion of subjects with an average of ≥3 SBMs per week and increase of 
≥1 SBM compared to baseline during the 12-week double-blind, placebo-controlled 
treatment phase.

Proportions of subjects with an average of ≤1 SBMs per week during the 12-week 
double-blind, placebo-controlled treatment phase.

Proportion of subjects with an average of ≥1 day(s) with rescue medication intakes 
per week.

Proportion of subjects assessed with retentive posturing at monthly visits during the
12-week treatment period.
Retentive posturing is defined as the attempt to preserve continence by vigorous 
contraction of the gluteal muscles. Children with retentive posturing will be typically 
tight legged, tiptoed, and/or will have a back-arching posture.

Global evaluation and QoL Health economics and outcomes research endpoints: 
PGI-S, CGI-S, and PedsQL Gas and Bloating Domain GI Symptoms Scale 
(Placebo-controlled Part [Part A]):
o
Absolute values and change from baseline.
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o
For PedsQL Gas and Bloating Domain GI Symptoms Scale-SRM: classified 
as no, small, moderate, and large effect.

Proportion of subjects with ≤2 signs/symptoms from the Rome IV Criteria following 
the 12-week double-blind, placebo-controlled treatment phase

Exploratory efficacy endpoints in non-toilet-trained subjects who are at least 6 months of 
age:

Proportion of subjects with an average of ≥3 SBMs per week and increase of 
≥1 SBM compared to baseline during the 12-week double-blind, placebo-controlled 
treatment phase.

Number of SBMs per week in categories ≤1 and >1 during the 12-week double-blind, 
placebo-controlled treatment phase.

The average change from baseline in stool consistency (based on BSFS score), 
assessed as the weekly average during the 12-week double-blind, placebo-controlled 
treatment phase.
9.6.5.1
Other Secondary and Exploratory Efficacy Analyses
For the other secondary and exploratory efficacy endpoints based on diary data, the weekly 
number of SBMs scores will be derived in a same way as for the primary endpoint.
The other and exploratory efficacy endpoints will be summarized descriptively by treatment 
group and evaluated over the mITT analysis set. Where possible data will be presented 
graphically (over time) to support the interpretation of the results.
For binary endpoints, treatment arms will be compared using the Cochran Mantel Haenszel test 
controlling for the stratification variables age and baseline number of SBMs/week. The 
difference in proportions will be presented with a 95% confidence interval.
For continuous endpoints, treatment arms will be compared using the same MMRM as used for 
primary endpoint analysis. No multiplicity adjustment will be performed for the analysis of other 
and exploratory efficacy endpoints.
Additional details will be described in the Statistical Analysis Plan (SAP).
9.6.5.2
Exploratory Efficacy Analysis for non-toilet-trained subjects
All the efficacy analyses will be descriptive with no formal hypothesis testing.
For exploratory and descriptive purposes, efficacy endpoint will be summarized by each 
treatment group. Frequency and percentage for each treatment group will be presented.
The NTTmITT Analysis Set will be used for efficacy analysis.
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9.6.6
Multiplicity Adjustment for Primary and Secondary Endpoints
The global family-wise error rate will be controlled at an alpha of 0.05 for the 8 hypotheses 
resulting from comparing each prucalopride dose group (low dose and high dose) with placebo 
for the primary endpoint and the 3 key secondary endpoints using a Hochberg-step-up procedure 
[(Dmitrienko et al. 2016); FDA 2017, Guidance for Industry: Multiple Endpoints in Clinical 
Trials. US Department of Health and Human Services, FDA, CDER, CBER.]
This approach will use the Hochberg-step-up procedure for the primary endpoint 
dose-comparisons vs placebo and the truncated Hochberg step-up procedure for each of the 
three key secondary endpoint dose comparisons vs placebo, in a stepwise manner in the order 
below. Specifically, the truncation parameter will take the value 1 for the primary endpoint and 
the value 0.8 for the first and second key secondary endpoints. The first key secondary endpoint 
will be tested only if both comparisons for high dose vs placebo and low dose vs placebo for 
primary efficacy endpoint have demonstrated statistical significance. 
Primary Endpoint: 
The average change from baseline in number of SBMs1 per week derived from the (e-Diary) data 
over 12 weeks, collected during the placebo-controlled part (Part A).
Key Secondary Endpoints: 
1. The average change from baseline in stool consistency 
2. The average change from baseline in straining 
3. The proportion of responders with a responder defined as a subject having an increase of
≥1 SBM/week compared to baseline and ≥3 SBMs/week for at least 9 out of the 12 weeks of 
placebo-controlled part (Part A), including 3 of the last 4 weeks.
Details will be provided in the SAP.
Since the first IA is for futility only and the second IA will be based on complete data from 
Part A, there will be no alpha level adjustment for the final analysis in the presence of two IAs.
9.6.7
Missing Data and Sensitivity Analyses
The primary method for missing data handling will be based on a hybrid imputation approach 
under a composite estimand. Refer to Section 9.4 for details. 
Missing Diary Days
For the calculation of weekly number of SBM, it is required that there are at least 4 days with 
completed diary data (ie, evaluable days), otherwise the weekly number of SBM will be set to 
1 A BM is defined as spontaneous (SBM) if not preceded within a period of 24 hours by the intake of rescue 
medication.
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missing. In the case when there are at least 4 days with diary data, the (average) number of SBM 
per week will be calculated as follows:
Number of SBMs (week i) = 7 ∗

 	 
   !) 
	 
  !ℎ
	"
  !) 
Sensitivity Analyses:

Sensitivity Analyses: The following sensitivity analysis for missing data handling will be 
conducted to examine the robustness of the primary efficacy analysis results:

On treatment multiple imputation: For any subject with missing values, the estimates 
for the missing weekly frequencies will be based on the treatment group of that 
subject (ie, on-treatment multiple imputation). In other words, for a prucalopride 
subject, data from the placebo group will not be used to impute missing weekly 
frequencies. This is the difference between this method and the placebo multiple 
imputation method (see below). Twenty imputations will be performed.

Placebo multiple imputation: For any subject with missing values, the estimates for 
the missing weekly frequencies will be based on data of the placebo group. In other 
words, for a prucalopride subject, data from the placebo arm will be used to impute 
the missing weekly frequencies. Twenty imputations will be performed.

Completer analysis: This analysis will include only subjects who have an average 
number of SBMs available for all 12 weeks in the Placebo-controlled Part (Part A) of 
the study (the completers analysis set).

PP analysis: This analysis will include only subjects from the PP analysis set.

MMRM analysis with additional covariate and factors: The proposed MMRM model 
for primary efficacy analysis, including additional factors (center, tablet vs oral 
solution, global severity score) and covariate age. Note: When age is analyzed as a 
covariate, age group will not be included as a factor in the MMRM. 

Tipping-point analysis: A tipping-point multiple imputation analysis will be 
conducted to assess the robustness of the missing data handling for primary efficacy 
endpoint. The tipping point is defined as the difference in the average number of 
SBM/week between a treatment arm and placebo arm at which the study conclusion 
(ie, the statistical significance) changes. To find this tipping point a systematic shift 
will be applied to the imputed values (for weeks with missing number of SBM/week) 
in each of the TAK-555 treatment arms respectively, assuming that the tipping point 
that reverses the study conclusion is between –3 and 0 with a step size of -0.2 (or 
adapt as appropriate). 
The multiple imputation under MNAR assumption will be performed by searching for the 
tipping point that reverses the study conclusion.
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9.7
Safety Analysis 
The safety analysis will be performed using the Safety Analysis Set, according to the treatment 
the subject actually received. 
All safety data will be summarized for the whole study (Part A and Part B combined), and also 
separately for the double-blind treatment part A.
Safety variables include AEs, clinical laboratory variables, vital signs, and ECG variables. For 
each safety variable, the last value collected before the first dose of investigational product will 
be used as baseline for all analyses of that safety variable. Last Value on Treatment will be 
defined as the last valid assessment obtained after Baseline and whilst on investigational product. 
Last Observed Value will be defined as the last valid assessment obtained after Baseline.
9.7.1
AEs
An AE (classified by preferred term) that occurs during this study will be considered a TEAE if 
it has a start date on or after the first dose of double-blind IP or if it has a start date before the 
date of the first dose of double-blind IP, but increases in severity on or after the date of the first 
dose of double-blind IP. An AE that occurs more than 5 days (5 x half-life of 24 hours) after the 
date of the last dose of double-blind IP will not be counted as a TEAE.
A summary of the number of subjects with TEAEs will be presented, including the number and 
percentage of subjects with any TEAEs, serious TEAEs, TEAEs related to IP and TEAEs leading 
to discontinuation of IP.
The number and percentage of subjects reporting TEAEs in each treatment group will be 
tabulated by system organ class (SOC) and preferred term; by SOC, preferred term, and 
maximum severity. Treatment-emergent adverse events considered related to investigational 
product will also be summarized by SOC and preferred term. If more than 1 AE occurs with the 
same preferred term for the same subject, then the subject will be counted only once for that 
preferred term using the most severe and most related occurrence for the summarization by 
severity and by relationship to investigational product. The number and percentage of subjects 
reporting TEAEs in each treatment group will also be tabulated by week (the TEAEs that start in 
that week).
The incidence of common TEAEs (≥2% of subjects in any treatment group) will be summarized 
by preferred term. Serious TEAEs, TEAEs leading to discontinuation of investigational product 
and serious TEAEs leading to death, will be summarized by SOC, preferred term and treatment 
group.
9.7.2
Vital Signs (Blood Pressure, Heart Rate) and Body Weight
Descriptive statistics for vital signs (blood pressure and pulse rate) and their changes from 
baseline at each post-baseline visit and at the end of study will be presented by treatment group.
The number and percentage of subjects with potentially clinically significant (PCS) post-baseline 
values will be tabulated by treatment group. The percentages will be calculated relative to the 
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number of subjects with baseline and at least 1 post-baseline assessment. The numerator is the 
total number of subjects with at least 1 PCS post-baseline vital sign value. A supportive listing of 
subjects with postbaseline PCS values will be provided including the subject number, site, 
baseline, and postbaseline PCS values. 
9.7.3
ECG
Descriptive statistics for ECG variables (eg, heart rate, PR interval, QRS interval, QT interval, 
and QTc interval) and their changes from baseline at each assessment time point will be 
presented by treatment group. QTc interval will be calculated using both Bazett 
(QTcB=QT/(RR)1/2) and Fridericia (QTcF=QT/(RR)1/3) corrections; and if RR is not available, 
it will be replaced with 60/h in the correction formula. ECG interpretation will be summarized by 
visit. A shift table from baseline to each visit for qualitative ECG results will be presented. 
The number and percentage of subjects with post-baseline PCS values will be tabulated by 
treatment group. The percentages will be calculated relative to the number of subjects with 
available non-PCS baseline and at least 1 post-baseline assessment. The numerator is the total 
number of subjects with at least 1 PCS post-baseline ECG value. A listing of all subjects with 
post-baseline PCS value will be provided including the subject number, site, baseline, and 
post-baseline PCS values. Frequencies of normal, clinically significant abnormal, and not 
clinically significant abnormal ECGs will be presented for each relevant visit.
A subject data listing containing all abnormal ECG observations will be provided. 
9.7.4
Clinical Laboratory Tests
Laboratory data will be subjected to both a quantitative analysis (descriptive summary statistics) 
and qualitative analysis where frequencies of normal, above normal, and below normal values 
will be computed.
The following analyses will be performed:

Standard descriptive summary statistics at each scheduled measuring time point and the 
last individual measuring time point.

Standard descriptive summary statistics for the absolute change from baseline to each 
scheduled measuring time point after baseline and the last individual measuring time 
point.

The number and percentage of subjects with post-baseline PCS values will be tabulated 
by treatment group. The percentages will be calculated relative to the number of subjects 
with available baseline values and at least 1 post-baseline assessment. The numerator is 
the total number of subjects with at least 1 post-baseline PCS value. 

Shift tables displaying shifts from baseline with respect to the PCS limits between 
baseline and each scheduled measuring time point after baseline and the last individual 
measuring time point will be provided.
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A supportive listing of subjects with post-baseline PCS values will be provided including the 
subject number, site, baseline, and post-baseline values.
9.7.5
Safety Analyses (Non-Toilet-trained Subjects)
The safety analysis for non-toilet-trained subjects will be performed in the same way as for 
toilet-trained subjects as explained in Section 9.7.
The NTTSAF will be used for safety analysis
9.8
PK and PK/Pharmacodynamic Analyses
For subjects who consent to the sparse PK sampling, individual plasma concentrations with 
corresponding sampling times post-dose will be tabulated per visit. A graphical presentation will 
be used to visualize the plasma concentration-time relationship. Descriptive statistics will be 
calculated per visit and at specific post-dose time intervals. Plasma levels below the lower limit 
of quantification will be flagged.
Plasma concentrations measured in this study will be combined with the PK data from previous 
trials in pediatric subjects and a population PK analysis will be performed on the pooled data. 
The relationship between PK and efficacy/safety endpoints of interest may be explored. This 
analysis will be subject of a separate report.
9.8.1
Health-related Quality of Life Analyses (Toilet-trained Subjects)
During the Placebo-controlled Part [Part A] of the study, global evaluations and QoL Health 
economics and outcomes research endpoints, will be assessed. These include:

PGI-S.

CGI-S. 

PedsQL™ Gas and Bloating Module for subjects with functional gastrointestinal 
disorders.
The PGI-S and CGI-S will jointly be used in an anchor-based analysis to determine a clinically 
meaningful within-patient change threshold for change in the number of SBMs. Baseline will be 
defined as the PGI-S/CGI-S from screening (ie, prior to disimpaction). Subjects with assessments 
at both baseline and Week 12 will be classified, regardless of treatment assignment, by the 
magnitude of the change categories between baseline and Week 12; specifically, the categories 
will be (- indicating improvement and + indicating deterioration): -3 categorical shift, -2 
categorical shift, -1 categorical shift, 0 categorical shift, +1 categorical shift, +2 categorical shift, 
+3 categorical shift. Shift tables from baseline to Week 12 will be presented to show the changes 
for PGI-S and CGI-S, respectively. In the event categories on the extreme (eg, -3 or +3) have 
zero or <10 subjects then those categories will be collapsed or pooled with the neighboring 
categories. 
Once classified the following anchor-based empirical cumulative distribution function (eCDF) 
and probability density function (PDF; many times estimated using kernel density estimation) 
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curves, including the sample size and median score for each eCDF and PDF anchor curve for the 
primary endpoint; along with the sample size, and the 10th, the 25th, the 50th (median), the 75th, 
and the 90th percentile of the primary endpoint. In the event categories are collapsed then 
supplemental eCDF and PDF will be provided using the un collapsed categories.
Baseline for the PedsQL Gas and Bloating Module will be the screening assessment prior to 
disimpaction. For both baseline and postbaseline the total scale score is calculated as the sum of 
all items divided by the total number of nonmissing items. The subscale score is calculated as the 
sum of subscale items divided by the total number of non-missing subscale items. If more than 
50% of the items in the (sub)scale are missing, the score for this (sub)scale will be set to 
“missing”. 
PedsQL Gas and Bloating module will be summarized as follows:

Absolute values and change from baseline.

SRM.
The SRM is defined as the mean change from baseline divided by the SD of the change. 
Assessments performed

The SRM will also be presented classified: <0.2, 0.2-<0.5, 0.5-<0.8, and ≥0.8, with 
classes regarded as no effect, small, moderate, and large, respectively.

Absolute values.
All global evaluations and QoL Health economics and outcomes research endpoints will 
be analyzed by each scheduled visit (ie, baseline, post disimpaction, Week 8, Week 24). 
In addition, the final on treatment assessment, defined as either the final scheduled time 
point for completers or the early discontinuation visit for early terminators, will be 
summarized. Descriptive statistics for the total scale, each subscale and each global 
evaluation scale, will be tabulated per treatment group over the mITT analysis set. For 
continuous endpoints, treatment arms will be compared using the analysis of covariance 
with the age and baseline number of SBMs/week as covariates. For categorical endpoint 
(only classification of the SRM), treatment arms will be compared using the CMH test 
adjusted for age and baseline number of SBMs/week.
9.8.2
Subgroup Analyses 
For explorative and descriptive purposes, the primary and selected secondary endpoints 
(endpoints based on number of BMs and SBMs per week and endpoints based on consistency 
scoring) will also be summarized and compared between treatment groups within each subgroup 
as defined by the stratification variables: age group (<12 years, 12 to 17 years) and average 
number of SBM/week (≤1; >1) during the screening period.
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10.
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Schwartz, G. J. and Work, D. F. 2009. Measurement and estimation of GFR in children and 
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based recommendations from ESPGHAN and NASPHGAN. J Pediatr Gastroenterol 
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Appendix 1
Regulatory, Ethical, and Study Oversight Considerations
Appendix 1.1 Regulatory and Ethical Considerations
This study is conducted in accordance with current applicable regulations including ICH E6 and 
all updates, as well as local ethical and legal requirements. 
Compliance with these regulations and guidelines also constitutes compliance with the ethical 
principles described in the Declaration of Helsinki.
The name and address of each third-party vendor (eg, CRO) used in this study will be maintained 
in the investigator’s and sponsor’s files, as appropriate.
Appendix 1.2 Sponsor’s Responsibilities
Good Clinical Practice Compliance
The study sponsor and any third party to whom aspects of the study management or monitoring 
have been delegated will undertake their assigned roles for this study in compliance with all 
applicable industry regulations, current ICH GCP Guidelines, as well as all applicable national 
and local laws and regulations.
Visits to sites are conducted by representatives of the study sponsor and/or the company 
organizing/managing the research on behalf of the sponsor to inspect study data, subjects’ 
medical records, and eCRFs in accordance with current GCP and the respective local and 
(inter)national government regulations and guidelines. Records and data may additionally be 
reviewed by auditors or by regulatory authorities.
The sponsor ensures that local regulatory authority requirements are met before the start of the 
study. The sponsor (or a nominated designee) is responsible for the preparation, submission, and 
confirmation of receipt of any regulatory authority approvals required prior to release of IP for 
shipment to the site.
Indemnity/Liability and Insurance
The sponsor of this research adheres to the recommendations of the Association of British 
Pharmaceutical Industry Guidelines. If appropriate, a copy of the indemnity document is 
supplied to the investigator before study initiation, per local country guidelines.
The sponsor ensures that suitable clinical study insurance coverage is in place prior to the start of 
the study. An insurance certificate is supplied to the CRO and investigator as necessary.
Public Posting of Study Information
The sponsor is responsible for posting appropriate study information on applicable websites. 
Information included in clinical study registries may include participating investigators’ names 
and contact information.
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The timing for study registration and results summary posting must be in accordance with 
applicable local and national requirements.
Submission of Summary of Clinical Study Report to Competent Authorities of Member 
States Concerned and Ethics Committees
The sponsor will provide a summary of the clinical study report to the competent authority of the 
member state(s) concerned as required by regulatory requirement(s) and to comply with the 
Community guideline on GCP. This requirement will be fulfilled within 6 months of study 
completion date for pediatric studies and within 1 year for non-pediatric studies as per guidance.
Study Suspension, Termination, and Completion
The sponsor may suspend or terminate the study, or part of the study, at any time for any reason. 
If the study is suspended or terminated, the sponsor will ensure that applicable sites, regulatory 
agencies and Institutional Review Boards (IRBs)/Ethics Committees (ECs) are notified as 
appropriate. Additionally, the discontinuation of a registered clinical study which has been 
posted to a designated public website will be updated accordingly.
Appendix 1.3 Investigator’s Responsibilities
Good Clinical Practice Compliance
The investigator must undertake to perform the study in accordance with ICH GCP E6 R2 
(2016), and applicable regulatory requirements and guidelines.
It is the investigator’s responsibility to ensure that adequate time and appropriately trained 
resources are available at the site prior to commitment to participate in this study. The 
investigator should also be able to estimate or demonstrate a potential for recruiting the required 
number of suitable subjects within the agreed recruitment period.
The investigator will maintain a list of appropriately qualified persons to whom the investigator 
has delegated significant study-related tasks, and shall, upon request of the sponsor, provide 
documented evidence of any licenses and certifications necessary to demonstrate such 
qualification. Curriculum vitae for investigators and sub-investigators are provided to the study 
sponsor (or designee) before starting the study.
If a potential research subject has a primary care physician, the investigator should, with the 
subject’s consent, inform them of the subject’s participation in the study.
A coordinating principal investigator is appointed to review the final clinical study report for 
multicenter studies. Agreement with the final clinical study report is documented by the signed 
and dated signature of the principal investigator (single-site study) or coordinating principal 
investigator (multicenter study), in compliance with Directive 2001/83/EC as amended by 
Directive 2003/63/EC and ICH Guidance E3 (1995). 
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Protocol Adherence and Investigator Agreement
The investigator and any sub-investigators must adhere to the protocol as detailed in this 
document. The investigator is responsible for enrolling only those subjects who have met 
protocol eligibility criteria. Investigators are required to sign an investigator agreement to 
confirm acceptance and willingness to comply with the study protocol.
If the investigator suspends or terminates the study at their site, the investigator will promptly 
inform the sponsor and the IRB/EC and provide them with a detailed written explanation. The 
investigator will also return all IP, containers, and other study materials to the sponsor. Upon 
study completion, the investigator will provide the sponsor, IRB/EC, and regulatory agency with 
final reports and summaries as required by (inter)national regulations.
If the site closure is due to COVID-19, this should be captured on the CRF or eCRF.
Communication with local IRBs/ECs, to ensure accurate and timely information is provided at 
all phases during the study, may be done by the sponsor, applicable CRO, investigator, or for 
multicenter studies, the coordinating principal investigator according to national provisions and 
will be documented in the investigator agreement.
Documentation and Retention of Records
Case Report Forms
CRFs are supplied by the CRO and should be handled in accordance with instructions from the 
sponsor.
The investigator is responsible for maintaining adequate and accurate medical records from 
which accurate information is recorded onto eCRFs, which have been designed to record all 
observations and other data pertinent to the clinical investigation. Case report forms must be 
completed by the investigator or designee as stated in the site delegation log.
All data will have separate source documentation; no data will be recorded directly onto the 
eCRF.
The clinical research associate (CRA)/study monitor will verify the contents against the source 
data per the monitoring plan. If the data are unclear or contradictory, queries are sent for 
corrections or verification of data.
The eCRFs should be approved by the investigator per study specifications and the sponsor’s 
data delivery requirements. 
Recording, Access, and Retention of Source Data and Study Documents
Original source data to be reviewed during this study will include, but are not limited to subject’s 
medical file, original clinical laboratory reports, and ECG conducted by site.
All key data must be recorded in the subject’s source documents.
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The investigator must permit authorized representatives of the sponsor; the respective national, 
local, or foreign regulatory authorities; the IRB/EC; and auditors to inspect facilities and to have 
direct access to original source records relevant to this study, regardless of media.
The CRA/study monitor (and auditors, IRB/EC or regulatory inspectors) may check the eCRF 
entries against the source documents. The consent form includes a statement by which the 
subject agrees to the monitor/auditor from the sponsor or its representatives, national or local 
regulatory authorities, or the IRB/EC, having access to source data (eg, subject’s medical file, 
appointment books, original laboratory reports, X-rays etc). 
These records must be made available within reasonable times for inspection and duplication, if 
required, by a properly authorized representative of any regulatory agency (eg, the US FDA, 
European Medicines Agency (EMA), United Kingdom [UK] Medicines and Healthcare products 
Regulatory Agency) or an auditor.
Essential documents must be maintained according to ICH GCP requirements and may not be 
destroyed without written permission from the sponsor.
Audit/Inspection
To ensure compliance with relevant regulations, data generated by this study must be available 
for inspection upon request by representatives of, for example, the US FDA (as well as other US 
national and local regulatory authorities), the EMA, the Medicines and Healthcare products 
Regulatory Agency, other regulatory authorities, the sponsor or its representatives, and the 
IRB/EC for each site.
Financial Disclosure
The investigator is required to disclose any financial arrangement during the study and for 1 year 
after, whereby the outcome of the study could be influenced by the value of the compensation for 
conducting the study, or other payments the investigator received from the sponsor. The 
following information is collected: any significant payments from the sponsor or subsidiaries 
such as a grant to fund ongoing research, compensation in the form of equipment, retainer for 
ongoing consultation or honoraria; any proprietary interest in IP; any significant equity interest 
in the sponsor or subsidiaries as defined in 21 CFR 54 2(b) (1998).
Appendix 1.4 Data Management Considerations
Data Collection
The study will be monitored according to GCP.
The investigators’ authorized site personnel must enter the information required by the study 
eCRF Completion Guidelines or similar for all data requiring transcription of the source. 
A study monitor will visit each site in accordance with the monitoring plan and review the eCRF 
data against the source data for completeness and accuracy. Discrepancies between source data 
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and data entered on the eCRF will be addressed by qualified site personnel. When a data
discrepancy warrants correction, the correction will be made by authorized site personnel. Data 
collection procedures will be discussed with the site at the site initiation visit and/or at the 
investigator’s meeting. 
In the event an on-site monitoring visit cannot be accommodated, other monitoring methods such 
as remote monitoring may occur in accordance with the Monitoring Plan.
Data Management
Data are to be entered into a clinical database as specified in the CRO data management plan or 
similar. Quality control and data validation procedures are applied to ensure the validity and 
accuracy of the clinical database.
Data are to be reviewed and checked for omissions, errors, and values requiring further 
clarification using computerized and manual procedures. Data queries requiring clarification are 
to be communicated to the site for resolution. Only authorized personnel will make corrections to 
the clinical database, and all corrections are documented in an auditable manner.
Data Handling
Data that may potentially unblind the treatment assignment (ie, IP serum concentrations, 
treatment allocation, and IP preparation/accountability data) will be handled with special care 
during the data cleaning and review process. These data will be handled in such a way that, prior 
to unblinding, any data that may unblind study team personnel will be presented as blinded 
information or otherwise will not be made available. If applicable, unblinded data may be made 
available to quality assurance representatives for the purposes of conducting independent drug 
audits. 
Appendix 1.5
Ethical Considerations
Informed Consent
It is the responsibility of the investigator to obtain written informed consent and assent from all 
study subjects prior to any study-related procedures including screening assessments. All consent 
and assent documentation must be in accordance with applicable regulations and GCP. Each 
subject or the subject’s legally authorized representative, as applicable, is requested to sign and 
date the subject informed consent form or a certified translation if applicable, after the subject 
has received and read (or been read) the written subject information and received an explanation 
of what the study involves, including but not limited to: the objectives, potential benefits and 
risk, inconveniences, and the subject’s rights and responsibilities. A copy of the informed 
consent and assent documentation (ie, a complete set of subject information sheets and fully 
executed signature pages) must be given to the subject or the subject’s legally authorized 
representative, as applicable. This document may require translation into the local language. 
Signed consent forms must remain in each subject’s study file and must be available for 
verification at any time.
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Within the source documents, site personnel should document instruction of and understanding 
by the parent(s)/legally authorized representative(s)/caregiver(s) of the safe, responsible storage 
and administration of IP to the study subject.
The principal investigator provides the sponsor with a copy of the consent form (and assent form 
where applicable) that was reviewed by the IRB/EC and received their favorable 
opinion/approval. A copy of the IRB/EC’s written favorable opinion/approval of these 
documents must be provided to the sponsor prior to the start of the study unless it is agreed to 
and documented (abiding by regulatory guidelines and national provisions) prior to study start 
that another party (ie, sponsor or coordinating principal investigator) is responsible for this 
action. Additionally, if the IRB/EC requires modification of the sample subject information and 
consent document provided by the sponsor, the documentation supporting this requirement must 
be provided to the sponsor.
Note that additional consent/assent is required for subjects agreeing to provide sparse PK 
samples.
Institutional Review Board or Ethics Committee
For sites outside the EU, it is the responsibility of the investigator to submit this protocol, the 
informed consent document (approved by the sponsor or their designee), relevant supporting 
information and all types of subject recruitment information to the IRB/EC for review, and all 
must be approved prior to site initiation.
The applicant for an EC opinion can be the sponsor or investigator for sites within the EU; for 
multicenter studies, the applicant can be the coordinating principal investigator or sponsor, 
according to national provisions.
Responsibility for coordinating with IRBs/ECs is defined in the investigator agreement. IP 
supplies will not be released until the sponsor/CRO has received written IRB/EC approval.
Prior to implementing changes in the study, the sponsor and the IRB/EC must approve any 
revisions of all informed consent documents and amendments to the protocol unless there is a 
subject safety issue. If required by local law, substantial amendments to the protocol must also 
be approved by the appropriate regulatory agency prior to implementation.
For sites outside the EU, the investigator is responsible for keeping the IRB/EC apprised of the 
progress of the study and of any changes made to the protocol at least annually or more 
frequently in accordance with the requirements, policies, and procedures established by the 
IRB/EC. This can be the responsibility of the sponsor or investigator for sites within the EU; or 
for multicenter studies, the coordinating principal investigator, according to national provisions. 
The investigator must also keep the local IRB/EC informed of any serious and significant AEs as 
required by IRB/EC procedures.
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Privacy and Confidentiality
All US-based sites and laboratories or entities providing support for this study, must, where 
applicable, comply with the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) of 
1996. A site that is not a covered entity as defined by HIPAA must provide documentation of 
this fact to the CRO/sponsor.
The confidentiality of records that may be able to identify subjects will be protected in 
accordance with applicable laws, regulations, and guidelines.
After subjects have consented to take part in the study, the sponsor and/or its representatives 
reviews their medical records and data collected during the study. These records and data may, in 
addition, be reviewed by others including the following: independent auditors who validate the 
data on behalf of the sponsor; third parties with whom the sponsor may develop, register, or 
market prucalopride; national or local regulatory authorities; and the IRB(s)/EC(s) which gave 
approval for the study to proceed. The sponsor and/or its representatives accessing the records 
and data will take all reasonable precautions in accordance with applicable laws, regulations, and 
guidelines to maintain the confidentiality of subjects’ identities. Subjects are assigned a unique 
identifying number; however, their initials and date of birth may also be collected, if permitted 
under local laws governing privacy. 
The results of studies containing subjects’ unique identifying number, relevant medical records, 
and possibly initials and dates of birth, where allowed per local law, may be transferred to, and 
used in, other countries which may not afford the same level of protection that applies within the 
countries where this study is conducted. The purpose of any such transfer would include: to 
support regulatory submissions, to conduct new data analyses to publish or present the study 
results, or to answer questions asked by regulatory or health authorities.
Study Results/Publication Policy
The term “Publication” shall mean any paper, article, manuscript, report, poster, internet posting, 
presentation slides, abstract, outline, video, instructional material, presentation (in the form of a 
written summary), or other public disclosure of the study results, in printed, electronic, oral, or 
other form. The parties understand and agree that participation in the study may involve a 
commitment to publish the data from all sites participating in the study in a cooperative 
publication with other investigators prior to publication or oral presentations of the study results 
on an individual basis. The site agrees not to publish or present the site’s study results until such 
time as either the aggregate multisite study results are published in a cooperative publication or 
for a period of one (1) year after termination or completion of the study at all participating sites, 
whichever shall first occur. After that time, the site may publish the site’s study results in 
scientific journals or present the study results at symposia or other professional meetings in 
accordance with the following provisions:
If the study is part of a multicenter study, the first publication of the study results shall be made 
by the sponsor in conjunction with the sponsor’s presentation of a joint, multicenter publication 
of the compiled and analyzed study results. 
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If such a multicenter publication is not submitted to a journal for publication by the sponsor 
within an 18-month period after conclusion, abandonment, or termination of the study at all sites, 
or after the sponsor confirms there shall be no multicenter study publication of the study results, 
an investigator may individually publish the study results from the specific site in accordance 
with this section. The investigator must, however, acknowledge in the publication the limitations 
of the single site data being presented.
At least sixty (60) days prior to submitting an abstract, manuscript, or other document for 
publication, a copy of the proposed publication will be provided to the sponsor by the site for 
review. Upon the sponsor’s request, the site agrees to remove any and all confidential 
information (expressly excluding study results) identified in the publication and to delay such 
submission or presentation for an additional sixty (60) day period in order to allow the sponsor 
time to file any patent application(s). All publications of the study results shall appropriately 
reference the multi-site study publication, if any, or the fact that the study results are a subset of 
data resulting from a larger multi-site study.
The sponsor is committed to transparent dissemination of all scientific, technical and medical 
manuscripts generated from sponsor-supported research. Therefore, after January 1, 2018, the 
sponsor will require the submission of all sponsor-supported research manuscripts to journals 
that offer public availability via Open Access (including publisher platforms/repositories and 
self-archiving). Open Access refers to the free at point of entry, online availability of published 
research output with, where available, rights of re-use according to an End User License.
Unless otherwise required by the journal in which the publication appears, or the forum in which 
it is made, authorship will comply with the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors 
Recommendation for the Conduct, Reporting, Editing and Publication of Scholarly Work in 
Medical Journals. Participation as an investigator does not confer any rights to authorship of 
publications.
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Appendix 2
Clinical Laboratory Tests
The following clinical laboratory assessments will be performed: 
Chemistry
Albumin
Total protein
Creatinine
Creatine kinase
alkaline phosphatase
AST
ALT
Gamma glutamyltransferase
Total bilirubin
Direct bilirubin
Lactate dehydrogenase
Total cholesterol
Triglycerides
Glucose
Chloride
Calcium
Potassium
Prolactin
Sodium
Magnesium
Bicarbonate
Phosphorus
Urea
Uric acid
Hematology
Hemoglobin
Hematocrit
Red blood cell (RBC) count
White blood cell (WBC) count
Differential WBC count
Platelet count
Urinalysis
Protein
Glucose
Blood
pH
If abnormal, microscopic examination for 
WBC, RBC, and casts will be performed
Serum pregnancy test
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Appendix 3
AEs: Definitions and Procedures for Recording, Evaluating, Follow-Up, and 
Reporting
Appendix 3.1 AE Definitions
An AE is any untoward medical occurrence in a clinical investigation subject administered a 
pharmaceutical product and that does not necessarily have a causal relationship with this IP or 
medicinal product. An AE can therefore be any unfavorable and unintended sign (including a 
clinically significant laboratory finding), symptom, or disease temporally associated with the use
of a medicinal (investigational) product, whether or not causality is suspected (ICH Guidance 
E2A 1995).
TEAE
A TEAE is defined as any event emerging or manifesting at or after the initiation of treatment 
with an IP or medicinal product or any existing event that worsens in either intensity or 
frequency following exposure to the IP or medicinal product.
SAE
An SAE is any untoward clinical manifestation of signs, symptoms or outcomes (whether 
considered related to IP or not) and at any dose:

Results in death

Is life-threatening. Note: The term “life-threatening” in the definition of “serious” refers 
to an event in which the subject was at risk of death at the time of the event; it does not 
refer to an event which hypothetically might have caused death if it was more severe.

Requires inpatient hospitalization or prolongation of hospitalization. Note: 
Hospitalizations that are the result of elective or previously scheduled investigations 
procedures or surgery for pre-existing conditions and have not worsened after initiation 
of treatment should not be classified as SAEs. 
For example, an admission for a previously scheduled ventral hernia repair would not be 
classified as an SAE; however, complication(s) resulting from a hospitalization for an 
elective or previously scheduled surgery that meet(s) serious criteria must be reported as 
SAE(s).

Results in persistent or significant disability/incapacity

Results in a congenital abnormality/birth defect

Is an important medical event. Note: Important medical events that may not result in 
death, be life-threatening, or require hospitalization may be considered SAEs when, 
based upon appropriate medical judgment, they may jeopardize the subject and may 
require medical or surgical intervention to prevent 1 of the outcomes listed in this 
definition. Examples of such medical events include:
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
Bronchospasm associated with anaphylaxis requiring intensive treatment in an 
emergency room or at home; blood dyscrasias or convulsions that do not result in 
inpatient hospitalization; or the development of drug dependency or drug abuse.

Reviewed and confirmed seroconversion for human immunodeficiency virus, 
hepatitis A virus, hepatitis B virus, hepatitis C virus, hepatitis E virus, or parvovirus 
B19.
Unexpected Adverse Event
An unexpected AE is an AE whose nature, severity, specificity, or outcome is not consistent with 
the term, representation, or description used in the Reference Safety Information (RSI). 
“Unexpected” also refers to the AEs that are mentioned in the IB and/or prescribing information 
as occurring with a class of drugs or as anticipated from the pharmacological properties of the 
product, but are not specifically mentioned as occurring with the particular product under 
investigation. 
The expectedness of AEs will be determined by the sponsor using the IB and/or prescribing 
information as the RSI. This determination will include considerations such as the number of 
AEs previously observed, but not on the basis of what might be anticipated form the 
pharmacological properties of a product.
Suspected Unexpected Serious Adverse Reaction 
A Suspected Unexpected Serious Adverse Reaction (SUSAR) is defined as any suspected 
adverse reaction to study treatment (ie, including active comparators) that is both serious and 
unexpected. 
The event(s) must meet all of the following criteria:

Suspected adverse reaction

Serious

Unexpected

Assessed as related to study treatment
The sponsor will be responsible for reporting all SUSARs and any other applicable SAEs to 
regulatory authorities, investigators, and IRBs or IECs, as applicable, in accordance with national 
regulations in the countries where the study is conducted. Relative to the first awareness of the 
event by/or further provision to the sponsor or sponsor’s designee, SUSARs will be submitted 
within 7 days for fatal and life-threatening events and 15 days for other serious events, unless 
otherwise required by national regulations. The sponsor will also prepare an expedited report for 
other safety issues where these might materially alter the current benefit-risk assessment of an 
investigational medicinal product or that would be sufficient to consider changes in 
investigational medicinal product administration or in the overall conduct of the study. The 
investigational site will also forward a copy of all expedited reports to his or her IRB or IEC in 
accordance with national regulations.
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AESI
An AESI (serious or non-serious) is one of scientific and medical concern specific to the 
compound or program, for which ongoing monitoring and rapid communication by the 
investigator to Takeda may be appropriate. Such events may require further investigation in 
order to characterize and understand them and would be described in protocols and instructions 
provided for investigators as to how and when they should be reported to Takeda.
The clinical database will be searched using the Standardized Medical Dictionary for Regulatory 
Activities Query Suicide/Self-injury (Narrow) to identify all suicide-related events.
Further, all identified AESIs will be recorded in the AE eCRF and additional details will be 
provided by the site using the “Safety Report Form”. Any cases of suicide or suicide attempts are 
expected to be reported as an SAE and the site should complete both the “Safety Report Form”
and the Suicide Questionnaire. All AESIs (serious and nonserious) will follow a similar reporting 
plan as is in place for SAEs. Non-serious and serious AESIs will be reported to Takeda on the 
“Safety Report Form” within 24 hours. The investigator will discontinue the IP for all identified 
cases of SI/SIB and the subjects will be referred to either a MHP or the ER per investigator 
discretion. The MHP completes an assessment and provides a recommendation to the site 
investigator which may include but is not limited to continuing psychiatric management per 
standard of care. Following this recommendation, the site investigator is expected to assess for 
causality, to send redacted clinical notes and to provide updated medical information on the 
AESI using the “Safety Report Form”. All confirmed cases of SIB are to be discontinued from 
the study. The evaluations listed for Visit 23/ET will be performed as completely as possible. For 
confirmed cases of suicidal ideation, the site investigator should contact the sponsor before any 
planned rechallenge of IP. The subject should not be re-started on IP until confirmation with the 
study sponsor is obtained. All cases of SI/SIB are to be followed to closure (the subject’s health 
has returned to his/her baseline status or all variables have returned to baseline), regardless of 
whether the subject is still participating in the study.
All AESIs will be reported to the DMC for further review within 7 business days of the AESI 
being reported to the sponsor on the “Safety Report Form”. Important case details will be shared 
with the DMC within 30 days. The DMC, following its receipt of the cases, reserves the right to 
call for an ad hoc DMC meeting at any time and will provide recommendations to the sponsor 
which may include temporarily pausing the study or continuing the study as planned.
Additional details are provided in the DMC charter.
Symptoms of the Disease under Study
Symptoms of the disease under study should not be classed as AEs as long as they are within the 
normal day-to-day fluctuation or expected disease progression and are part of the efficacy or 
effectiveness data collected in the study. Significant worsening of symptoms should be recorded 
as an AE.
Pre-existing conditions prior to randomization or initiation of study medication are described 
in the medical history, and those that manifest with the same severity, frequency, or duration 
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after drug exposure, are not to be recorded as AEs. However, when there is an increase in the 
severity, duration or frequency of a pre-existing condition, the event must be described on the 
AE eCRF.
Clinical Laboratory and Other Safety Assessment
A change in the value of a clinical laboratory parameter, vital sign measure, or ECG assessment 
can represent an AE if the change is clinically relevant or if, during administration of IP, a shift 
of a parameter is observed from a value in the normative range to a value that is outside the 
normal range and considered clinically significant, or a further waning of an already clinically 
significant value. When evaluating such changes, the extent of deviation from the reference 
range, the duration until return to the reference range, either while continuing administration or 
after the end of administration with the IP, and the range of variation of the respective parameter 
within its reference range, should also be considered.
If, at the end of the treatment phase, there are abnormal clinical laboratory (such as hematology 
panel or clinical chemistry panel), vital sign, or ECG values which were not present at the 
pretreatment evaluation observed closest to the start of study treatment, further investigations 
should be performed until the values return to within the reference range or until a plausible 
explanation (eg, concomitant disease or expected disease evolution) is found for the abnormal 
values.
The investigator should assess, based on the above criteria and the clinical condition of the 
subject, whether a change in a clinical laboratory value, vital sign, or ECG parameter is clinically 
significant and represents an AE.
Appendix 3.2 Collection of Adverse Events 
All AEs/SAEs are collected from the time the informed consent document is signed 
until the defined follow-up period stated in Section 8.1.4. This includes events 
occurring during the screening phase of the study, regardless of whether or not IP is 
administered. 
All AEs must be monitored until the end of the study or until the event resolves, stabilizes, is 
otherwise explained, or the participant is lost to follow-up. The sponsor may request relevant
additional information on reported adverse events that may include but are not limited to the 
following: redacted medical records, redacted admission/discharge notes, clinical notes, 
completed targeted questionnaire and/or clinical study adverse event form by the site 
investigators.
Appendix 3.3 Assessment of Adverse Events
Severity Categorization
The severity of AEs must be recorded during the course of the event including the start and stop 
dates for each change in severity. An event that changes in severity is captured as a new event. 
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Worsening medical conditions, signs or symptoms present prior to initiation of IP, must be 
recorded as new AEs.
For example, if a subject reports mild intermittent dyspepsia prior to initiation of dosing with the 
IP, and the dyspepsia becomes severe and more frequent after first dose a new AE of severe 
dyspepsia (with the appropriate date of onset) should be documented in the source.
The medical assessment of severity is determined by using the following definitions:

Mild: A type of AE that is usually transient and may require only minimal treatment or 
therapeutic intervention. The event does not generally interfere with usual activities of 
daily living.

Moderate: A type of AE that is usually alleviated with specific therapeutic intervention. 
The event interferes with usual activities of daily living, causing discomfort but poses no 
significant or permanent risk of harm to the research subject.

Severe: A type of AE that interrupts usual activities of daily living, or significantly 
affects clinical status, or may require intensive therapeutic intervention.
Relationship Categorization
A physician/investigator must make the assessment of relationship to IP/rescue 
medication/disimpaction medication for each AE. The investigator should decide whether, in his 
or her medical judgment, there is a reasonable possibility that the event may have been caused by 
the IP/rescue medication/disimpaction medication. If there is no valid reason for suggesting a 
relationship, then the AE should be classified as “not related”. Otherwise, if there is any valid 
reason, even if undetermined or untested, for suspecting a possible cause-and-effect relationship 
between the IP/rescue medication/disimpaction medication and the occurrence of the AE, then 
the AE should be considered “related”. The causality assessment must be documented in the 
source.
The following additional guidance may be helpful:
Table A1
Adverse Event Relationship Categorization
Related
The temporal relationship between the event and the administration of 
the IP/rescue medication/disimpaction medication is compelling 
enough and/or follows a known or suspected response pattern to that 
product, and the event cannot be explained by the subject’s medical 
condition, other therapies, or accident.
Not related
The event can be readily explained by other factors such as the 
subject’s underlying medical condition, concomitant therapy, or 
accident and no plausible temporal or biologic relationship exists 
between the IP/rescue medication/disimpaction medication and the 
event.
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Outcome Categorization
The outcome of AEs must be documented in the source during the course of the study. Outcomes 
are as follows:

Fatal

Not Recovered/Not Resolved

Recovered/Resolved

Recovered/Resolved With Sequelae

Recovering/Resolving

Unknown
If applicable, action taken (ie, dose increased, dose not changed, drug interrupted by investigator, 
drug withdrawn, not applicable, or unknown) will also be recorded on the AE eCRF. 
Appendix 3.4 Safety Reporting
Reference Safety Information
The RSI for this study is the IB which the sponsor has provided under separate cover to all 
investigators.
Reporting Procedures
All initial and follow-up SAE reports must be reported by the investigator to the Takeda Global 
Patient Safety Evaluation Department and the study medical monitor within 24 hours of 
becoming aware of the event. Note: The 24-hour reporting requirement for SAEs does not apply 
to reports of abuse, misuse, overdose, or medication errors (see Appendix 3.9) unless they result 
in an SAE.
The investigator must complete, sign, and date the “Safety Report Form”, verify the accuracy of 
the information recorded on the form with the corresponding source documents (Note: Source 
documents are not to be sent unless requested), and fax or e-mail the form to the Takeda Global 
Patient Safety Evaluation Department using the details specified in the emergency contact 
information section of the protocol. A copy of the “Safety Report Form” (and any applicable 
follow-up reports) must also be sent to the study medical monitor using the details specified in 
the emergency contact information section of the protocol.
Appendix 3.5 SAE Collection Time Frame
All SAEs (regardless of relationship to IP) are collected from the time the subject signs the 
informed consent until the defined follow-up period stated in Section 8.1.4 and must be reported 
to the Takeda Global Patient Safety Evaluation Department and the study medical monitor 
within 24 hours of the first awareness of the event.
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In addition, any SAE(s) considered “related” to the IP and discovered by the investigator at any 
interval after the study has completed must be reported to the Takeda Global Patient Safety 
Evaluation Department within 24 hours of the reported first becoming aware of the event.
Appendix 3.6 Serious Adverse Event Onset and Resolution Dates
The onset date of the SAE is defined as the date the event meets serious criteria. The resolution 
date is the date the event no longer meets serious criteria, the date the symptoms resolve, or the 
event is considered chronic. In the case of hospitalizations, the hospital admission and discharge 
dates are considered the onset and resolution dates, respectively.
In addition, any signs or symptoms reported by the subject after signing the informed consent 
form or leading up to the onset date of the SAE, or following the resolution date of the SAE, 
must be recorded as an AE, if appropriate.
Appendix 3.7 Fatal Outcome
Any SAE that results in the subject’s death (eg, the SAE was noted as the primary cause of 
death) must have “fatal” checked as an outcome with the date of death recorded as the resolution 
date. For all other events ongoing at the time of death that did not contribute to the subject’s 
death, the outcome should be considered not resolved, without a resolution date recorded.
For any SAE that results in the subject’s death or any ongoing events at the time of death, unless 
another IP action was previously taken (eg, drug interrupted, reduced, withdrawn), the action 
taken with the IP should be recorded as “dose not changed” or “not applicable” (if the subject 
never received IP). The IP action of “withdrawn” should not be selected solely as a result of the 
subject’s death.
Appendix 3.8 Pregnancy 
All pregnancies are reported from the time informed consent is signed until the defined 
follow-up period stated in Section 8.1.4.
Any report of pregnancy for any female study participant must be reported within 24 hours to the 
sponsor using the “Pregnancy Report Form” using the details specified in the emergency contact 
information section of the protocol. 
A copy of the sponsor's “Pregnancy Report Form” (and any applicable follow-up reports) must 
also be sent to the study medical monitor using the details specified in the emergency contact 
information section of the protocol. The pregnant female study participant must be withdrawn 
from the study.
Every effort should be made to gather information regarding the pregnancy outcome and 
condition of the infant. It is the responsibility of the investigator to obtain this information within 
30 calendar days after the initial notification and approximately 30 calendar days and 1 year 
post-partum.
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Pregnancy complications such as spontaneous abortion/miscarriage, elective abortion, or 
congenital abnormality are considered SAEs and must be reported using the “Safety Report
Form”. 
In addition to the above, if the investigator determines that the pregnancy meets serious criteria, 
it must be reported as an SAE using the “Safety Report Form” as well as the “Pregnancy Report 
Form”. The test date of the first positive serum/urine β-hCG test or ultrasound result will 
determine the pregnancy onset date.
Appendix 3.9 Abuse, Misuse, Overdose and Medication Error
Abuse, misuse, overdose, or medication error (as defined below) must be reported to the sponsor 
according to the SAE reporting procedure whether or not they result in an AE/SAE using the 
“Special Situation Report Form” as described in Appendix 3.4. 
Any dosing error that results in an AE should be recorded on the eCRF as an AE.
Note: The 24-hour reporting requirement for SAEs does not apply to reports of abuse, misuse, 
overdose, or medication errors unless these result in an SAE.
The categories below are not mutually exclusive; the event can meet more than 1 category.

Abuse – Persistent or sporadic intentional intake of IP when used for a non-medical 
purpose (eg, to alter one’s state of consciousness or get high) in a manner that may be 
detrimental to the individual and/or society

Misuse – Intentional use of IP other than as directed or indicated at any dose (Note: this 
includes a situation where the IP is not used as directed at the dose prescribed by the 
protocol.)

Overdose – Intentional or unintentional intake of a dose of IP higher than the 
protocol-prescribed dose

Medication Error – An error made in prescribing, dispensing, administration, and/or use 
of an IP. For studies, medication errors are reportable to the sponsor only as defined 
below.
Cases of subjects missing doses of the IP are not considered reportable as medication errors.
Medication errors should be collected/reported for all products under investigation.
The administration and/or use of the unassigned treatment is/are always reportable as a 
medication error.
The administration and/or use of an expired IP should be considered as a reportable medication 
error.
All IP provided to pediatric subjects should be supervised by the parent(s)/legally authorized 
representative(s)/caregiver(s).
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Appendix 3.10 Urgent Safety Measures 
An urgent safety measure is an immediate action taken, which is not defined by the protocol, in 
order to protect subjects participating in a clinical trial from immediate harm; these do not 
constitute de facto deviation from the protocol. Urgent safety measures may be taken by the 
sponsor or clinical investigator, and may include any of the following:

Immediate change in study design or study procedures

Temporary or permanent halt of a given clinical trial or trials

Any other immediate action taken in order to protect clinical trial participants from 
immediate hazard to their health and safety
The investigator may implement urgent safety measures to protect study subjects from 
immediate hazard to their health or safety. The measures should implement immediately and 
does not require prior authorization from the sponsor. In the event(s) of an apparent direct hazard 
to the subject, the investigator will notify the sponsor immediately by phone and confirm 
notification to the sponsor in writing as soon as possible, and within 1 calendar day after the 
change is implemented. The sponsor will also ensure the responsible EC(s) and relevant 
competent authority(s) are notified of the urgent safety measures taken in such cases according to 
local regulations.
Appendix 3.11 Regulatory Agency, Institutional Review Board, Ethics Committee and Site 
Reporting
The sponsor and/or CRO is responsible for notifying the relevant regulatory authorities (US 
FDA, central IRBs/EU central ECs) of related, unexpected SAEs.
In addition, the sponsor is responsible for notifying active sites of all related, unexpected SAEs 
occurring during all interventional studies across the TAK-555 program.
The investigator is responsible for notifying the local IRB/EC of SAEs or significant safety 
findings that occur at his or her site as required by IRB/EC procedures (see Appendix 1.5).
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Appendix 4
Contraceptive Guidance 
Female participants:
Female participants of childbearing potential are eligible to participate if they agree to use a 
highly effective method of contraception consistently and correctly as described below.
Highly Effective Contraceptive Methods That Are User Dependent a
Failure rate of <1% per year when used consistently and correctly.
Combined (estrogen and progestogen containing) hormonal contraception associated with 
inhibition of ovulationb
Oral 
Intravaginal 
Transdermal 
Progestogen only hormonal contraception associated with inhibition of ovulation
Oral 
Injectable 
Highly Effective Methods That Are User Independent a
Implantable progestogen only hormonal contraception associated with inhibition of ovulationb
Intrauterine device (IUD)
Intrauterine hormone-releasing system (IUS)
Bilateral tubal occlusion
Vasectomized partner 
A vasectomized partner is a highly effective contraception method provided that the partner is 
the sole male sexual partner of the woman of child-bearing potential (WOCBP) and the 
absence of sperm has been confirmed. If not, an additional highly effective method of 
contraception should be used.
Sexual abstinence 
Sexual abstinence is considered a highly effective method only if defined as refraining from 
heterosexual intercourse during the entire period of risk associated with the study treatment. 
The reliability of sexual abstinence needs to be evaluated in relation to the duration of the 
study and the preferred and usual lifestyle of the participant.
NOTES: 
a) Typical use failure rates may differ from those when used consistently and correctly. Use 
should be consistent with local regulations regarding the use of contraceptive methods for 
participants participating in clinical studies. 
b) Hormonal contraception may be susceptible to interaction with the study treatment, which 
may reduce the efficacy of the contraceptive method. In this case, two highly effective 
methods of contraception should be utilized during the treatment period and for at least [X, 
corresponding to time needed to eliminate study treatment plus 30 days for study treatments 
with genotoxic potential]  after the last dose of study treatment 
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Male participants:
Male participants with female partners of childbearing potential are eligible to participate if they 
agree to ONE of the following throughout the study:

Are abstinent from penile-vaginal intercourse as their usual and preferred lifestyle 
(abstinent on a long term and persistent basis) and agree to remain abstinent

Agree to use a male condom plus partner use of a contraceptive method with a failure rate 
of <1% per year when having penile-vaginal intercourse with a partner of childbearing 
potential who is not currently pregnant
Men with a pregnant or breastfeeding partner must agree to remain abstinent from penile-vaginal 
intercourse or use a male condom during each episode of penile penetration throughout the 
study. 
Refrain from donating sperm for the duration of the study.
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Appendix 5
Rescue Medication Algorithm
Note: It should be noted that the above guidelines on rescue medication remain subject to clinical 
discretion. If the subject has a BM after taking rescue medication but does not experience relief 
of symptoms, an additional dose(s)/escalated dose(s) of rescue medication may be recommended 
based on investigator discretion.
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Appendix 6
Scales and Assessments
The following scales/assessments will be utilized in this study:
Study Part
Full Title of Scale/Assessment
Completed By
Screening
e-Diary assessments:
General e-diary questions: record 
bowel movements (all subjects) and 
abdominal pain (toilet-trained 
subjects only)
Self-completed for toilet-trained subjects ≥8 years of age, 
caregiver completed for toilet-trained subjects ≥3 but 
<8 years of age with subject input, where appropriate, and 
caregiver completed for non-toilet-trained subjects at least 
6 months of age
A
e-Diary assessments:
General e-diary questions
Self-completed for toilet-trained subjects ≥8 years of age,
caregiver completed for toilet-trained subjects ≥3 but 
<8 years of age with subject input, where appropriate, and 
caregiver completed for non-toilet-trained subjects at least 
6 months in age
Wong-Baker Faces Scale
Subjects aged 3 to <years or parent(s)/caregiver(s)/ 
legally authorized representative(s) (with subject input) 
Numerical Response Scale
Subjects aged ≥8 years 
BSFS
Self-completed for toilet-trained subjects ≥8 years of age, 
caregiver completed for toilet-trained subjects ≥3 but 
<8 years of age with subject input, where appropriate, and 
caregiver completed for non-toilet-trained subject at least 
6 months in age
In-clinic assessments:
PGI-S (toilet-trained subjects)
Subjects aged years 
CGI-S (toilet-trained subjects)
Parent/caregiver/legally authorized representative for 
toilet-trained subjects 3 to <8 years
PedsQL GI (Gas and Bloating 
Module Only) (toilet-trained 
subjects)
Parent report form for toddlers (2-4 years)a or young 
children (5-7 years) will be used for toilet-trained subjects 
≥3 and <8 years, child-report for children (8-12 years) or 
the teen report form (13-18 years) will be used for toilet-
trained subjects >8. 
B
e-Diary assessments:
General e-diary questions: Use 
of study medication, use of 
other medication
Self-completed for toilet-trained subjects ≥8 years of age, 
caregiver completed for toilet-trained subjects ≥3 but 
<8 years of age with subject input, where appropriate, and 
caregiver completed for non-toilet-trained subjects at least 
6 months of age
BSFS=Bristol Stool Form Scale; CGI-S=Caregiver Global Impression of Severity; PGI-S=Patient Global Impression of 
Severity; PedsQL GI=Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory (PedsQL™) Gastrointestinal Symptoms Scales™ Acute version 3.0
Note that all ages are ages at signing of informed consent.
a The parent report form for toddlers will only be applicable for toilet-trained children ≥3 years of age.
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Appendix 7
Bedside Schwartz Equation
eGFR=40.7 x [height (m)/ SCr (mg/dL)]0.640 x [30/BUN (mg/dL)]0.202
or
eGFR=0.41 x height (cm)/SCr (mg/dL)
Where:
eGFR=mL/min/1.73 m²
SCr=mg/dL
Note The National Kidney Disease Education presently recommends reporting eGFR values for 
children greater than or equal to 75 mL/min/1.73 m² simply as “≥75 mL/min/1.73 m²,” not as an 
exact number.
Source: (Schwartz and Work 2009)
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Appendix 8
Site Workflow in Case of SI/SIB Assessment
Orange diamond: decision point; red box: subject disruption on study; green box: start/continue; grey box ; instructional; red-outlined box: forms
AESI = Adverse Event of Special Interest; DMC = Data Monitoring Committee; ER = Emergency Room; MHP = Mental Health Professional; SI/SIB = Suicidal Ideation/Suicidal 
Ideation Behavior
*SI cases continue with assessment
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Appendix 9
e-Diary Text for Completion by Caregivers of Non-Toilet-Trained Subjects 
at Least 6 Months of Age 
Design elements:
1) This diary will be completed once every evening.
2) Caregivers will answer all questions based on their own observations. For this reason, 
pain will not be assessed. 
3) Training will be provided to the caregivers to cover navigation of the diary, as well as 
content to make sure the caregiver understands each question. 
4) The full e-Diary will be used in Part A. Specific elements will be used for the e-Diary 
during screening (record bowel movement [date and time, consistency, and straining]) 
and Part B e-Diary (use of study medication and use of other medication). 
Questions within the e-Diary:

“When did the child take the Study Medication today?”
[Capture time]

Provide a checkbox under the time field:
“The child did not take the Study Medication today.”
[If no bowel movements have been recorded within the past 24 hours]

“No bowel movements have been recorded in the past 24 hours. Has the child had 
any bowel movements in the last 24 hours (since this time last evening)?” 
Response options: Yes, No
[If response = “yes”, continue with below; if response = “no”, skip to rescue 
medication question]
[If at least one bowel movement has been recorded within the past 24 hours, show the 
caregiver the dates and times of this/these bowel movements.]

“You have recorded the following bowel movements. Has the child had any bowel 
movements in the last 24 hours that are not listed here?” 
Response options: Yes, No
[If response = “yes”, continue with below; if response = “no”, skip to rescue 
medication question]
[Loop as many times as necessary to capture information for all bowel movements. Note 
that the date and time of the bowel movement will be populated on the BSFS and 
straining question screens during the loop.]

“When did the child have a bowel movement (in the last 24 hours)? 
[Capture date and time]
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
“Which of these choices most closely resembles the child’s bowel movement?” 
Response options: BSFS

“How much did the child strain (push hard) during the bowel movement?” 
Response options: Not at all, A little, A lot
Reminder text: 
Unless it has been recommended by the child’s study doctor, medication to help the child have a 
bowel movement (other than the study medication) should only be given if he or she has not had 
a bowel movement within the past 72 hours (3 days) or longer. 
Only medications discussed with the study doctor should be given. 
Please call the study doctor for further instructions if you are not sure what medications can be 
given to help the child have a bowel movement.

Other than the Study Medication, did the child receive any medication to help 
produce a bowel movement in the last 24 hours (since this time last evening)? 
Response options: Yes, No
[If response = “yes”, continue with below; if response = “no”, skip to completion 
screen]

When did the child receive a medication (other than the Study Medication) to help 
produce a bowel movement? 
[Capture date and time] 
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Appendix 10 e-Diary Text for Completion by Caregivers of Toilet-Trained Subjects 3 to 
<8 Years of Age 
Design elements:
1) The design will allow for real-time data collection but also allow for all data to be 
recorded once per evening to capture the most accurate data with built-in flexibility.
2) A home screen will offer four options. Selection of the first three will allow for real-time 
entry of information related to medication intake and bowel movements. Selection of the 
fourth option will be required once every evening to ensure that all data pertaining to that 
diary day are captured. 

Record Use of Study Medication

Record a Bowel Movement

Record Use of Other Medication

Complete Evening Diary
3) Caregivers will do all data entry based on their own observations and information 
provided by the subject. Importantly, only subjects should provide the response for the 
abdominal pain item. 
4) Training will be provided to the caregivers to cover navigation of the diary, as well as 
content to make sure the caregiver (and subject who will assist) understand each question. 
5) The full e-Diary will be used in Part A. Specific elements will be used for the e-Diary 
during screening (record bowel movement [date and time, consistency, straining], 
abdominal pain) and Part B e-Diary (use of study medication and use of other 
medication). 
Questions within each section of the e-Diary:
Record Use of Study Medication 

“When did the child take the Study Medication today?”
[Capture time]
Default to current time. Training will be provided on confirming or changing the 
time as needed. 
Record a Bowel Movement

“When did the child have a bowel movement?”
[Capture date and time]
Default to current date and time. Training will be provided on confirming or 
changing the date and time as needed.

“Which of these choices most closely resembles the child’s bowel movement?”
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Response scale: BSFS

“How much did the child strain (push hard) during the bowel movement?” 
Response options: Not at all, A little, A lot
Record Use of Other Medication 
Reminder text: 
Unless it has been recommended by the child’s study doctor, other medication to help the child 
have a bowel movement (other than the study medication) should only be given if he or she has 
not had a bowel movement within the past 72 hours (3 days) or longer. 
Only medications discussed with the study doctor should be given. 
Please call the study doctor for further instructions if you are not sure what medications can be 
given to help the child have a bowel movement.

When did the child receive a medication (other than the Study Medication) to help 
produce a bowel movement? 
[Capture date and time]
Default to current date and time. Training will be provided on confirming or 
changing the date and time as needed, as well as the types of medications that 
should be recorded here.
Complete Evening Diary
[If date and time the subject took the Study Medication has not been provided since last 
completion of the evening diary.]

“When did the child take the Study Medication today?”
[Capture time]

Provide a checkbox under the date and time fields:
“The child did not take the Study Medication today.”
[If no bowel movements have been recorded within the past 24 hours.]

“You have not recorded any bowel movements for your child in the past 24 hours. 
Has the child had any bowel movements in the last 24 hours (since this time last 
night)?” 
Response options: Yes, No
[If response = “yes”, continue with below; if response = “no”, skip to abdominal 
pain assessment]
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[Loop the next three questions as many times as necessary to capture information for all 
bowel movements. Note that the date and time of the bowel movement will be populated 
on the BSFS and straining question screens during the loop.]

“When did the child have a bowel movement ? 
[Capture date and time]

“Which of these choices most closely resembles the child’s bowel movement?”
Response scale: BSFS

“How much did the child strain (push hard) during the bowel movement?” 
Response options: Not at all, A little, A lot
[If at least one bowel movement has been recorded within the past 24 hours, show the caregiver 
the dates and times of this/these bowel movements.]

“You have recorded the following bowel movements. Did the child have any bowel 
movements in the last 24 hours that are not listed here?” 
Response options: Yes, No
[If response = “yes”, continue with below; if response = “no”, skip to abdominal 
pain assessment]

“When did the child have a bowel movement?”
[Capture date and time]

“Which of these choices most closely resembles the child’s bowel movement?”
Response scale: BSFS

“How much did the child strain (push hard) during the bowel movement?” 
Response options: Not at all, A little, A lot
[Loop back to screen with bowel movement list until the caregiver answers “no”.]

Please ask you child the following question: How has your tummy felt today? 
Response scale: Wong-Baker Faces Scale 
[If no rescue medication use was recorded within the past 24 hours.]
Reminder text: 
Unless it has been recommended by the child’s study doctor, medication to help the child have a 
bowel movement (other than the study medication) should only be given if he or she has not had 
a bowel movement within the past 72 hours (3 days) or longer. 
Only medications discussed with the study doctor should be given. 
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Please call the study doctor for further instructions if you are not sure what medications can be 
given to help the child have a bowel movement.

Other than the Study Medication, did the child receive any medication to help 
produce a bowel movement in the last 24 hours (since this time last night)? 
Response options: Yes, No
[If response = “yes”, continue with below; if response = “no”, skip to completion 
screen]

When did the child receive a medication (other than the Study Medication) to help 
produce a bowel movement? 
[Capture date and time]
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Appendix 11 e-Diary Text for Self-Completion by Toilet-Trained Subjects at Least 8 Years 
of Age 
Design elements:
1) The design will allow for real-time data collection but also allow for all data to be 
recorded once per evening to capture the most accurate data with built-in flexibility.
2) A home screen will offer four options. Selection of the first three will allow for real-time 
entry of information related to medication intake and bowel movements. Selection of the 
fourth option will be required once every evening to ensure that all data pertaining to that 
diary day are captured. 

Record Use of Study Medication

Record a Bowel Movement (Poop)

Record Use of Other Medication

Complete Evening Diary
3) Training will cover navigation of the diary, as well as content to make sure the subject 
(and caregiver who may assist) understand each question. 
4) It is anticipated that caregivers may help with data entry, particularly medication-related 
information for younger children. Caregivers will be trained that the subject should 
answer all symptom-related questions (without influencing subjective responses).
5) The full e-Diary will be used in Part A. Specific elements will be used for the e-Diary 
during screening (record bowel movement [date and time, consistency, straining], 
abdominal pain) and Part B e-Diary (use of study medication and use of other 
medication). 
Questions within each section of the e-Diary:
Record Use of Study Medication

“When did you take your Study Medication today?”
[Capture time]
Default to current time. Training will be provided on confirming or changing the 
time as needed. 
Record a Bowel Movement

“When did you poop?”
[Capture date and time]
Default to current date and time. Training will be provided on confirming or 
changing the date and time as needed.
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
“Which of these choices looks most like your poop?”
Response scale: BSFS

“How much did you strain (push hard) when you pooped?” 
Response options: Not at all, A little, A lot
Record Use of Other Medication 
Reminder text: 
Unless it has been recommended by the study doctor, you should only take a medication to help 
you poop (other than the Study Medication) if you have not pooped in the last 72 hours (3 days) 
or longer. 
You should only take medications that have been talked about with your study doctor. 
Please call (or ask someone else, such as a parent, to call) your study doctor for further 
instructions if you are not sure what medications you can take to help you poop.

When did you take a medication (other than the Study Medication) to help you poop? 
[Capture date and time]
Default to current date and time. Training will be provided on confirming or 
changing the date and time as needed, as well as the types of medications that 
should be recorded here.
Complete Evening Diary
[If date and time the subject took the Study Medication has not been provided since last 
completion of the evening diary.]

“When did you take your Study Medication today?”
[Capture time] 

Provide a checkbox under the time field:
“I did not take my Study Medication today.”
[If no bowel movements have been recorded within the past 24 hours.]

“Have you pooped in the last 24 hours (since this time last night)?” 
Response options: Yes, No
[If response = “yes”, continue with below; if response = “no”, skip to abdominal 
pain assessment]
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[Loop through the next 3 questions as many times as necessary to capture information for 
all bowel movements. Note that the date and time of the bowel movement will be 
populated on the BSFS and straining question screens during the loop.]

“When did you poop ? 
[Capture date and time]

“Which of these choices looks most like your poop?”
Response scale: BSFS

“How much did you strain (push hard) when you pooped?” 
Response options: Not at all, A little, A lot
[If at least 1 bowel movement has been recorded within the past 24 hours, show the subject the 
dates and times of this/these bowel movements.]

“You have recorded the following poops. Did you have any poops in the last 24 hours 
(since this time last evening) that are not listed here?” 
Response options: Yes, No
[If response = “yes”, continue with below; if response = “no”, skip to abdominal 
pain assessment]

“When did you poop?”
[Capture date and time]

“Which of these choices looks most like your poop?”
Response scale: BSFS

“How much did you strain (push hard) when you pooped?” 
Response options: Not at all, A little, A lot
[Loop back to screen with bowel movement list until the subject answers “no”.]

How would you rate the worst belly pain you felt in the last 24 hours? 
Response scale: 0-to-10 numeric rating scale with 0 = no belly pain and 
10 = worst possible belly pain
[If no rescue medication use was recorded within the past 24 hours.] 
Reminder text: 
Unless it has been recommended by the study doctor, you should only take a medication to help 
you poop (other than the Study Medication) if you have not pooped in the last 72 hours (3 days) 
or longer. 
You should only take medications that have been talked about with your study doctor. 
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Please call (or ask someone else, such as a parent, to call) your study doctor for further 
instructions if you are not sure what medications you can take to help you poop.

Other than the Study Medication, have you taken any medication to help you poop in 
the last 24 hours (since this time last evening)? 
Response options: Yes, No
[If response = “yes”, continue with below; if response = “no”, skip to completion 
screen]

When did you last take a medication (other than the Study Medication) to help you 
poop? 
[Capture date and time]
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For non-commercial use only


For non-commercial use only


For non-commercial use only


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Appendix 14 Wong-Baker Faces Scale
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Appendix 15 NRS
Note: Subjects will only be able to select whole numbers on the NRS.
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Appendix 16 BSFS
Source: (Lewis and Heaton 1997)
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Appendix 17 Global Impression of Severity
Caregiver Global Impression of Severity (CGI-S)
Based on what you have observed and heard from your child, overall, how would you rate the 
severity of his or her constipation over the past 7 days?

None

Mild

Moderate

Severe
Patient Global Impression of Severity (PGI-S)
Overall, how would you rate the severity of your constipation over the past 7 days?

None

Mild

Moderate

Severe
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Appendix 18 Abbreviations 
Abbreviation
Definition
5-HT4
5-hydroxytryptamine type 4
ADHD
attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder
ADR
adverse drug reaction
AE 
adverse event
AESI
adverse event of special interest
ALT
alanine aminotransferase (synonymous with SGPT)
AST
aspartate aminotransferase (synonymous with SGOT)
AUC
area under the curve
-hCG
beta-human chorionic gonadotropin
BM
bowel movement
BMI
body mass index
BSFS
Bristol Stool Form Scale
BUN
blood urea nitrogen
BW
body weight
CGI-S
Caregiver Global Impression of Severity
Cmax
maximum observed plasma concentration
CMH
Cochrane Mantel Haenszel
COVID-19
Coronavirus Disease 2019
CRA
clinical research associate
CrCl
creatinine clearance
CRF
case report form
CRO
contract research organization
CS
compound symmetry
DMC
data monitoring committee
DTP
direct-to-patient
EC
ethics committee
eCDF
empirical cumulative distribution function
ECG
electrocardiogram
eCOA
electronic clinical outcome assessment
eCRF
electronic case report form 
eGFR
estimated glomerular filtration rate
EMA
European Medicines Agency
ESPGHAN
European Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition
EU
European Union
ER
emergency room
ET
early termination
FDA
Food and Drug Administration 
FGID
Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders
GCP
Good Clinical Practice
GFR
glomerular filtration rate
HIPAA
Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act
IA
interim analysis/analyses
IB
investigator’s brochure
IBS
irritable bowel syndrome
IBS-C
irritable bowel syndrome with constipation
ICE
intercurrent event
ICH
International Council for Harmonisation of Technical Requirements for 
Registration of Pharmaceuticals for Human Use
IDMC
independent data monitoring committee
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Abbreviation
Definition
IP
investigational product
IRB
institutional review board
IRT
interactive response technology
ITT
intent-to-treat
IUD
intrauterine device
IUS
intrauterine hormone-releasing system
LLN
lower limit of normal
MAR
missing at random
MCID
minimal clinically important difference
MHP
mental health professional
mITT
modified intent-to-treat
MMRM
mixed-effects model for repeated measures
MNAR
missing not at random
NASPGHAN
North American Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and 
Nutrition
NDA
new drug application
NRS
numerical rating scale
NTTITT
non-toilet-trained intent-to-treat
NTTmITT
non-toilet-trained modified intent-to-treat
NTTSAF
non-toilet-trained safety
PCS
potentially clinically significant
PDF
probability density function
PedsQL™
Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory™
PedsQL GI
Gastrointestinal Symptoms Scales
PEG
polyethylene glycol
PGI-S
Patient Global Impression of Severity
PI
prediction interval
PK
pharmacokinetic(s)
PMR
post-marketing requirement
PP
per-protocol
PREA
Pediatric Research Equity Act
QD
once a day
QoL
quality of life
QTcB
QT interval corrected for heart rate using Bazett’s formula
QTcF
QT interval corrected for heart rate using Fridericia’s formula
RBC
red blood cell
RSI
reference safety information
SAE
serious adverse event 
SAP
statistical analysis plan
SBM
spontaneous bowel movement
SD
standard deviation
SI
suicidal ideation
SIB
suicidal behavior
SOC
system organ class
SRM
standardized response mean
SUSAR
suspected unexpected serious adverse reaction
TEAE
treatment-emergent adverse events
tmax
time to maximum observed plasma concentration
UADE
unanticipated adverse device effect
UK
United Kingdom
ULN
upper limit of normal
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Abbreviation
Definition
UN
unstructured
US
United States
vs
versus
WBC
white blood cell 
WOCBP
woman of child-bearing potential
WOCF
worst observation carried forward
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Appendix 19 Protocol History 
Document
Date
Global/Country/Site Specific
Amendment 3
27 October 2022
Global
Amendment 2 
20 October 2021
Global
Amendment 1
18 December 2020
Global 
Original protocol
21 October 2020
Global
Protocol Amendment 2
Summary of Changes Since the Last Version of the Approved Protocol
Change 
Number
Sections Affected by Change
Description of Each Change and Rationale
Location
Description
Rationale
1
Section 1.1 Synopsis
Section 5.2 Exclusion Criteria
It was clarified that exclusion 
criterion #11 discusses any 
investigational product.
Clarification.
2
Section 1.3 Schedule of 
Activities
Section 8.1.1.1 Screening Visit 
(Visit 1)
The screening visit window was 
aligned with wording in the 
protocol.
Correction.
3
Section 1.3 Schedule of 
Activities
Time points when visits should 
be confirmed on the electronic 
clinical outcomes assessments 
(eCOA) device.
Clarification.
4
Section 1.3 Schedule of 
Activities
Section 6.7.3.1 Rescue 
Medication
The frequency for providing 
rescue medications was revised 
to align with operational 
processes. Further, rescue 
medications will not be 
collected. Accountability will be 
limited to diary data where 
subjects are instructed to record 
rescue medications use.
Alignment with vendor 
process.
5
Section 1.3 Schedule of 
Activities
PGI-S and CGI-S assessments 
were added at screening.
Addition to have predose 
baseline data.
6
Section 6.2.3 Dosing
It was added that if a subject 
weighing ≥50 kg cannot tolerate 
the tablets, they can be switched 
to oral solution for the duration 
of study participation. Further, 
switching from oral solution to 
tablets is not allowed.
Clarification of study 
process.
7
Section 6.2.3 Dosing
Additional instructions were 
added to make it clear that the 
oral dose cannot be mixed with 
orange juice or any other 
beverage and should be 
administered through an oral 
syringe as instructed.
Clarification of study 
process.
8
Section 6.5 Drug 
Accountability
Section 6.7.3.1 Rescue 
Medication
Updates were made to reflect the 
drug accountability process 
followed.
Alignment with vendor 
process.
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Protocol Amendment 2
Summary of Changes Since the Last Version of the Approved Protocol
Change 
Number
Sections Affected by Change
Description of Each Change and Rationale
Location
Description
Rationale
9
Section 7.3 Reasons for 
Discontinuation
It was specified that If a subject 
chooses to withdraw from study 
participation due to personal 
concerns or unavoidable 
circumstances related to the 
COVID-19 pandemic (other than 
a COVID-19–related AE), this 
should be specified as the reason 
for subject withdrawal in the 
eCRF.
Clarification.
10
Section 8.2.2.4 Retentive 
Posturing
Section 8.2.2.5 Fecal 
Incontinence
It was clarified that retentive 
posturing and fecal incontinence 
assessments only apply to toilet-
trained subjects at least 3 years 
of age and that responses will be 
logged in the source notes and 
electronic case report form.
Clarification.
11
Section 9.8.1 Health-related 
Quality of Life Analyses 
(Toilet-trained Subjects)
Additional details on the anchor-
based analysis were added.
Clarification and update of 
the statistical analysis. 
Missing details for the 
analysis for the anchor-based 
analysis of the PGI-S/CGI-S 
were added.
12
Throughout protocol
Coronavirus disease-2019 
(COVID-19)-related flexibility 
in study conduct has been added.
The sponsor allows 
flexibility in the conduct of 
the study to reduce burden on 
the subject and the site that is 
impacted by COVID-19.
13
Appendix 12
An excerpt of the PedsQL GI 
including the only the Gas and 
Bloating Module for each age 
group has been included.
Protocol Amendment 1
Summary of Changes Since the Last Version of the Approved Protocol
Amendment Number
1
Amendment Date
18 Dec 2020
Global
Protocol Amendment Summary and Rationale: 
The primary reasons for this amendment are to update the protocol implementing the comments and suggestions 
made by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in their administrative letter dated 03 December 2020.
In this amendment, minor grammatical, editorial, formatting, and administrative changes not affecting the 
conduct of the study are included for clarification and administrative purposes only.
Description of Each Change and Rationale
Sections Affected by Change
Description 
Rationale
Location
Clarification that the primary endpoint 
is based on data collected during the 
Minor clarification 
based on an FDA 
Section 1.1 Synopsis
Section 3.2.1 Primary Endpoint
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Protocol Amendment 1
Summary of Changes Since the Last Version of the Approved Protocol
Amendment Number
1
Amendment Date
18 Dec 2020
Global
placebo-controlled part (Part A)
comment.
Section 9.6.1 Primary Efficacy Endpoint
Section 9.6.6 Multiplicity Adjustment for 
Primary and Secondary Endpoints
Addition of a sub header to clearly 
distinguish between other and 
exploratory efficacy endpoints.
Minor clarification 
based on an FDA 
comment.
Section 1.1 Synopsis
Section 9.6.5 Exploratory Efficacy Endpoints
Clarification that no paper 
administration will be implemented in 
this study.
Minor clarification 
based on an FDA 
comment.
Section 8.2.2.1 E-Diary
Update of the NRS figure provided in 
appendix and to the NRS description 
to clarify that only whole numbers can 
be selected on this scale.
Minor clarification 
based on an FDA 
comment.
Section 8.2.2.1 E-Diary
Appendix 14
Correction of text describing Part B of 
the study as placebo controlled.
Correction based on an 
FDA comment.
Section 6.7.3.1 Rescue Medication
Correction of the population used for 
the primary estimand of interest from 
ITT to mITT.
Correction based on an 
FDA comment.
Section 9.4 Estimands
The description of the PK endpoint 
was slightly changed to make it 
consistent with the language used in 
the SAP.
Minor update for 
consistency with the 
SAP.
Section 1.1 Synopsis
Section 3.2.6 PK Endpoint
Correction of the timing of the call 
and number of BMs from >3 to ≥3 
and in the description of the first 
telephone contact of the screening 
period.
Minor correction for 
consistency.
Section 8.1.1.1 Screening Visit (Visit 1)
Clarification that the ages used will be 
those as the signing of informed 
consent.
Minor clarification.
Section 8.2.2.1 E-Diary
Appendix 6
Correction to the description of the 
NRS where a score of 10 rather than 
11 presents the worst pain imaginable.
Minor correction.
Section 8.2.2.1 E-Diary
Description of Each Change and Rationale
Sections Affected by Change
Description 
Rationale
Location
Update the description of the PedsQL 
GI to make it clear that these 
questionnaire modules will be 
assessed over the previous 7 days.
Minor clarification.
Section 8.2.2.3 Pediatric Quality of Life 
Inventory Gastrointestinal Symptom Scales 
(PedsQL GI; Gas and Bloating Module)
Appendix 11
Correction to the younger toilet-
trained subject lower limit in the 
PedsQL GI from >3 to ≥3.
Minor correction.
Section 8.2.2.3 Pediatric Quality of Life 
Inventory Gastrointestinal Symptom Scales 
(PedsQL GI; Gas and Bloating Module)
Appendix 6
Correction of the blood volumes based 
on information from the clinical 
Update with most 
Section 8.2.5 Volume of Blood to Be Drawn 
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Protocol Amendment 1
Summary of Changes Since the Last Version of the Approved Protocol
Amendment Number
1
Amendment Date
18 Dec 2020
Global
laboratory.
recent information.
from Each Subject
Update of the interval in between 
DMC meetings from 3 to 6 months.
Update with most 
recent information.
Section 9.2.1 Data Monitoring Committee
Correction of the incorrect timing 
definition for exclusion from the PP 
Analysis Set.
Minor correction.
Section 9.5 Statistical Analysis Sets
Updates (flow changes and improved 
streamlining) to the e-Diary questions 
to reflect the most recent study 
materials.
Update with most 
recent information.
Appendix 8
Appendix 9
Appendix10
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SAP_001.pdf: 
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This document contains confidential and proprietary information of Takeda and is disclosed pursuant to 
confidentiality and non-disclosure obligations. This information should be used solely for the purposes for which it 
was provided and should not be copied, shared with or disclosed to any third party without the express written 
consent of Takeda.
TAKEDA PHARMACEUTICALS
STATISTICAL ANALYSIS PLAN
TAK-555, prucalopride succinate
PHASE 3
Phase 3, Multicenter, Randomized Study with 2 Different Doses of Prucalopride Administered to 
Male and Female Pediatric Subjects Aged 6 Months to 17 years with Functional Constipation, 
Consisting of a 12-week Double-blind, Placebo-controlled Part (Part A) to Evaluate Efficacy and 
Safety Followed by a 36-week Double-blind Extension Part (Part B) to Document Long-term 
Safety up to week 48 
Protocol Identifier
TAK-555-3010
Study Sponsor(s)
Takeda Development Center Americas, Inc. (TDC Americas)
95 Hayden Avenue
Lexington, MA 02421
617-349-0200
Authors
 and 
Protocol
Amendment 3 27 Oct 2022
SAP Version #
5.0
SAP Date
24 Nov 2023
Status
Final
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Statistical Analysis Plan V5.0
24 Nov 2023
TABLE OF CONTENTS
REVISION HISTORY ............................................................................................................2
SIGNATURE PAGE................................................................................................................3
TABLE OF CONTENTS ........................................................................................................4
LIST OF TABLES...................................................................................................................7
LIST OF FIGURES.................................................................................................................7
LIST OF APPENDICES .........................................................................................................7
ABBREVIATIONS..................................................................................................................8
1. INTRODUCTION..............................................................................................................10
2. OBJECTIVES, ESTIMANDS, AND ENDPOINTS .......................................................11
2.1 Study Objectives..........................................................................................................11
2.1.1 Primary Objective ................................................................................................11
2.1.2 Key Secondary Objectives ...................................................................................11
2.1.3 Other Secondary Objectives................................................................................11
2.1.4 Exploratory Objectives ........................................................................................11
2.2 Estimands.....................................................................................................................12
2.3 Study Endpoints ..........................................................................................................14
2.3.1 Primary Endpoint.................................................................................................14
2.3.2 Key Secondary Endpoints....................................................................................14
2.3.3 Other Secondary Endpoint..................................................................................14
2.3.4 Exploratory Endpoints.........................................................................................14
2.3.5 Safety Endpoints...................................................................................................16
2.3.6 PK Endpoint..........................................................................................................16
3. STUDY DESIGN................................................................................................................17
3.1 Overall Design .............................................................................................................17
3.2 Randomization ............................................................................................................17
3.3 Blinding........................................................................................................................18
3.4 Sample Size and Power Consideration (Toilet-trained Subjects)...........................18
4. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS SETS...................................................................................21
4.1 Statistical Analysis Sets (Toilet-trained subjects who are at least 3 years of age) 21
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4.1.1 Screened Set ..........................................................................................................21
4.1.2 Enrolled Set...........................................................................................................21
4.1.3 ITT Analysis Set ...................................................................................................21
4.1.4 Modified Intent-to-treat Analysis Set.................................................................21
4.1.5 Safety Analysis Set................................................................................................21
4.1.6 Per-protocol Analysis Set.....................................................................................21
4.1.7 Completers Analysis Set.......................................................................................22
4.1.8 PK Analysis Set.....................................................................................................22
5. STUDY SUBJECTS (TOILET-TRAINED SUBJECTS)...............................................23
5.1 Disposition of Subjects................................................................................................23
5.2 Demographic and Other Baseline Characteristics...................................................23
5.3 Medical History...........................................................................................................24
5.4 Prior Medication .........................................................................................................24
5.5 Concomitant Medication ............................................................................................24
5.6 Exposure to IP .............................................................................................................25
5.7 Measurements of Treatment Compliance.................................................................25
5.8 Protocol deviations......................................................................................................25
6. EFFICACY ANALYSIS (TOILET-TRAINED SUBJECTS)........................................26
6.1 Derivation and Analyses of Primary Efficacy Endpoint .........................................26
6.1.1 Missing Data and Sensitivity Analyses of Primary Efficacy Endpoint ...........28
6.2 Analyses of Key Secondary Efficacy Endpoints.......................................................30
6.3 Analyses of Other Secondary Efficacy Endpoints....................................................32
6.4 Multiplicity Adjustment and Decision Rules............................................................33
6.5 Analyses of Exploratory Efficacy Endpoints............................................................36
6.5.1 Toilet-trained subjects who are at least 3 years of age......................................36
6.5.2 Analysis of Efficacy Endpoints for Non-toilet-trained Subjects ......................37
6.6 Subgroup Analyses......................................................................................................38
7. SAFETY ANALYSIS (TOILET-TRAINED SUBJECTS AND NON-TOILET 
TRAINED SUBJECTS)....................................................................................................39
7.1 Adverse Events ............................................................................................................39
7.2 Adverse Events of Special Interest ............................................................................40
7.3 Clinical Laboratory Variables ...................................................................................40
7.4 Vital Signs ....................................................................................................................43
7.5 Electrocardiogram (ECG)..........................................................................................44
8. PHARMACOKINETIC ANALYSIS...............................................................................46
9. PHARMACODYNAMICS ANALYSIS ..........................................................................46
10. OTHER ANALYSES.......................................................................................................47
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11. INTERIM ANALYSIS/DATA MONITORING COMMITTEE.................................49
11.1 Data Monitoring Committee....................................................................................51
12. DATA HANDLING CONVENTION.............................................................................52
12.1 Definition of Baseline................................................................................................52
12.2 Analysis Time Points.................................................................................................52
12.2.1 Relative Number of Days ...................................................................................52
12.2.2 Algorithm of Allocating Visits to Time Windows............................................52
12.2.3 Analysis Periods..................................................................................................53
12.3 General Data Reporting Conventions.....................................................................53
12.4 Repeated or Unscheduled Assessments of Safety Parameters..............................53
12.5 Missing Date of IP.....................................................................................................53
12.6 Missing Date Information for Prior or Concomitant Medications ......................53
12.6.1 Incomplete Start Date ........................................................................................54
12.6.2 Missing Day and Month.....................................................................................54
12.6.3 Missing Month Only...........................................................................................54
12.6.4 Missing Day Only ...............................................................................................54
12.6.5 Incomplete Stop Date .........................................................................................54
12.6.6 Missing Day and Month.....................................................................................55
12.6.7 Missing Month Only...........................................................................................55
12.6.8 Missing Day Only ...............................................................................................55
12.7 Missing Date Information for Adverse Events.......................................................55
12.7.1 Incomplete Start Date ........................................................................................55
12.7.2 Incomplete Stop Date .........................................................................................55
12.8 Missing Severity Assessment for Adverse Events ..................................................56
12.9 Missing Relationship to Investigation Product for Adverse Events.....................56
13. ANALYSIS SOFTWARE ...............................................................................................56
14. CHANGES TO ANALYSIS SPECIFIED IN PROTOCOL........................................57
14.1 Changes from Protocol .............................................................................................57
14.2 Changes from Version 1 of SAP ..............................................................................57
14.3 Changes in Version 4 of SAP ...................................................................................59
14.4 Changes in Version 5 of SAP ...................................................................................62
15. REFERENCES.................................................................................................................64
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Statistical Analysis Plan V5.0
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LIST OF TABLES
Table 1. Criteria for Potentially Clinically Significant Laboratory Tests........................41
Table 2. Criteria for Potentially Clinically Significant Vital Signs...................................43
Table 3. Upper and Lower Limits for Blood Pressure Levels by Age and Sex................44
Table 4. Criteria for Potentially Clinically Significant ECG Values ................................45
Table 5. Algorithm of Allocating Visits to Double-blind Time Windows.........................52
Table 6. Changes Made in Version 2 of SAP.......................................................................57
Table 7. Changes Made in Version 4 of SAP.......................................................................59
Table 8. Changes Made in Version 5 Of SAP......................................................................62
LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 1. Average Change from Baseline in SBMs (Study SPD555-C303) ......................19
Figure 2. Flowchart of Testing Primary Endpoint and Key Secondary Endpoints 
Sequentially........................................................................................................................34
LIST OF APPENDICES
Appendix 1 Schedule of Activities ........................................................................................65
Appendix 2 Sample SAS Codes ............................................................................................72
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ABBREVIATIONS
AE
adverse event
BM
bowel movement
BSFS
Bristol Stool Form Scale (BSFS)
CGI-S
caregiver global impression of severity
CI
confidence interval
CMH
Cochran-Mantel-Haenszel
CRO
contract research organization
CSR
clinical study report
DMC
data monitoring committee
ECG
electrocardiogram
eCRF
electronic case report form
FDA
Food and Drug Administration
FGID
functional gastrointestinal disorders
FoTA
final on treatment assessment
GI
gastrointestinal
IA
interim analysis
ICE
intercurrent event
IRT
interactive response technology
ITT
intention-to-treat
IP
investigational product
LOV
last observed value
LS
least square
LVOT
last value on treatment
MAR
missing at random
MCID
minimum clinically important difference
MedDRA
Medical Dictionary for Regulatory Activities
mITT
modified intent-to-treat
MMRM
mixed model for repeated measures
MNAR
missing not at random
NRS
numerical response scale
NTTIIT
non-toilet trained intent-to-treat
NTTmITT
non-toilet trained modified intent-to-treat
NTTSAF
non-toilet trained safety analysis set
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PCS
potentially clinically significant 
PedsQL
pediatric quality of life
PGI-S
patient global impression of severity
PK
pharmacokinetic
PP
per-protocol
PT
preferred term
REML
restricted maximum likelihood
QoL
quality of life
SAP
statistical analysis plan
SBM
Spontaneous bowel movement
SD
standard deviation
SRM
standardized response mean
SOC
system organ class
TEAE
treatment-emergent adverse event
WHO
World Health Organization 
WOCF
worst observation carried forward
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1. INTRODUCTION
This statistical analysis plan (SAP) provides a technical and detailed description of the statistical 
analyses of efficacy and safety data for Study TAK-555-3010.
Details of the statistical methods stated in the protocol (Version 3.0, Amendment 3, dated 
27 Oct 2022) are provided and, where applicable, significant changes from the protocol-specified 
analyses will be documented, prior to database lock, through a SAP amendment. If additional 
analyses are required to supplement the planned analyses described in this SAP after the database 
lock, they may be completed and will be described in the clinical study report (CSR).
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2. OBJECTIVES, ESTIMANDS, AND ENDPOINTS
2.1 Study Objectives
2.1.1 Primary Objective 

To evaluate the efficacy of prucalopride during the 12-week double-blind, placebo-controlled 
treatment phase in toilet-trained subjects with functional constipation who are at least 3 years 
of age.

To evaluate the long-term (48 weeks) safety and tolerability of prucalopride in toilet-trained 
subjects with functional constipation who are at least 3 years of age. 
2.1.2 Key Secondary Objectives

To evaluate the efficacy of prucalopride on signs and symptoms of functional constipation 
(stool consistency, straining, and stool frequency responder index), during the 12-week 
double-blind, placebo-controlled treatment phase in toilet-trained subjects with functional 
constipation who are at least 3 years of age.
2.1.3 Other Secondary Objectives

To evaluate the effect of prucalopride on the frequency of fecal incontinence.

To evaluate safety and tolerability of prucalopride over 12 weeks of treatment in toilet 
trained subjects who are at least 3 years of age.

To evaluate the pharmacokinetics (PK) of prucalopride by combining sparse PK blood 
sampling that will be conducted during the 12-week double-blind, placebo-controlled phase 
together with the data from previous pediatric studies for further population PK analysis 
(separate reporting).
2.1.4 Exploratory Objectives 

To further explore the efficacy of prucalopride on signs and symptoms of functional 
constipation during the 12-week double-blind, placebo-controlled treatment phase in 
toilet-trained subjects with functional constipation who are at least 3 years of age.

To explore the efficacy of prucalopride during the 12-week double-blind, placebo-controlled 
treatment phase in non-toilet-trained subjects with functional constipation who are at least 
6 months of age.

To evaluate the long-term (48 weeks) safety and tolerability of prucalopride in 
non-toilet-trained subjects with functional constipation who are at least 6 months of age.

To evaluate safety and tolerability of prucalopride over 12 and 48 weeks of treatment in 
non-toilet-trained subjects with functional constipation who are at least 6 months of age. 
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
To explore the relationship between PK and efficacy/safety endpoints of interest.
2.2 Estimands
The alignment of the study objectives, study design, data collection, study conduct, data analysis 
and data interpretation are contained within the framework of the estimands, which is described 
in this section. The estimand framework for the primary objective consists of several 
components, ie, the estimand type, the population, variable/endpoint, intercurrent events, and 
population summary.
The primary estimand is a composite type estimand which accounts for treatment discontinuation 
due to lack of efficacy as an intercurrent event.
The estimand population is the modified intent-to-treat (ITT) set, which includes toilet-trained 
randomized subjects who are at least 3 years of age.
The primary endpoint is the average change from baseline in number of spontaneous bowel 
movements (SBMs) per week derived from the (diary) data over 12 weeks, collected during the 
placebo-controlled part (Part A). Any bowel movement (BM) that occurs within 24 hours after 
intake of the rescue medication or within 24 hours after disimpaction period will not be 
considered as spontaneous.
Intercurrent events (ICEs) with influence on the estimand are identified as follows:

Discontinuation of treatment due of lack of efficacy and/or adverse event (AE). The 
“composite strategy” will be utilized to address the ICEs where discontinuation due to lack of 
efficacy or AE will be considered as undesired treatment outcome in the analysis.

Usage of rescue medication.

This ICE is captured through the endpoint definition. Data will continue to be collected for 
subjects on rescue medication.
The population summary of the estimand framework includes missing data, primary analysis 
methodology, and assessment of robustness through sensitivity analyses.
Missing data will be imputed using a hybrid imputation approach prior to analyses of primary 
and key secondary efficacy endpoints. Subjects who discontinued due to lack of efficacy or AE 
during the study will be considered as having undesired treatment outcome in the primary 
analysis. Subsequently, their missing data will be imputed using the worst observation carried 
forward (WOCF) under the missing not at random (MNAR) assumption. All other 
discontinuation/intermittent missingness will be imputed using multiple imputation under the 
missing at random (MAR) assumption. For multiple imputation, the weekly number of SBMs 
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will be imputed by treatment group using a multivariate stepwise approach using a fully 
conditional specification regression method with predictive mean matching method due to the 
non-negative nature of the imputed values, which is similar to the regression method except that
it imputes a value randomly from a set of observed values whose predicted values are closest to 
the predicted value for the missing value from the simulated regression model (Heitjan and Little 
1991; Schenker and Taylor 1996). A minimum threshold of zero for the weeks with missing 
values will also be set. The number of k observations to be used for the mean matching will be 
set to 5. Missing baseline weekly number of SBMs, if any, will be imputed using age and 
baseline global severity score. Missing post-baseline weekly number of SBMs will be imputed 
using all previous weeks in a stepwise fashion. Twenty multiply imputed datasets will be 
generated. Lastly, the imputed data under MNAR and MAR will be combined to obtain a 
complete dataset containing all subjects in the analysis population and will be used to perform 
the pre-specified statistical modeling for primary and key secondary efficacy endpoints using 
mixed effects model for repeated measures (MMRM) for continuous endpoints and Cochran 
Mantel-Haenzel (CMH) test for binary endpoint.
The primary estimand will be estimated from a MMRM based on restricted maximum likelihood 
(REML) using the imputed data from the hybrid imputation approach. The MMRM will include 
treatment group, age groups, study week, treatment-group-by-study-week interaction as fixed 
effects, baseline number of SBM/week as a covariate and subject as a random effect. An 
unstructured variance-covariance matrix will be used to model the within-subject errors for both 
treatment groups. The average change from baseline over 12 weeks will be estimated least 
square (LS) means by the above MMRM. The treatment difference in LS means between active 
treatment group versus placebo will be estimated. P-value, treatment difference in LS means and 
associated 95% confidence interval (CI) from the multiple imputed datasets will be combined 
using Rubin’s rules, as implemented in the PROC MIANALYZE procedure (Rubin 1987). 
Several sensitivity analyses, see Section 6.1.1, will be executed to demonstrate the robustness of 
the primary analysis.
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2.3 Study Endpoints
2.3.1 Primary Endpoint
The primary endpoint (in toilet-trained subjects who are at least 3 years of age) is as follows:

The average change from baseline in number of SBMs1 per week derived from the (diary) 
data over 12 weeks, collected during the placebo-controlled part (Part A).
2.3.2 Key Secondary Endpoints 

Efficacy endpoints in toilet-trained subjects who are at least 3 years of age:

The average change from baseline in stool consistency (based on Bristol Stool Form 
Scale [BSFS] score), assessed as the weekly average during the 12-week double-blind, 
placebo-controlled treatment phase. Summaries will be reported separately for subjects 
aged <8 years and 8 to 17 years based on reporter status (parent/child). The average will 
be calculated as sum of all scores divided by the number of evaluable days in a 7-day 
period.

The average change from baseline in straining (based on a 3-point Likert scale, assessed 
as the weekly average during the 12-week double-blind, placebo-controlled treatment 
phase. The average will be calculated as sum of all scores divided by the number of 
evaluable days in a 7-day period.

The proportion of responders with a responder defined as a subject having an increase of 
≥1 SBM/week compared to baseline and ≥3 SBMs/week for at least 9 out of the 12 weeks 
of placebo-controlled part (Part A), including 3 of the last 4 weeks.
2.3.3 Other Secondary Endpoint

Efficacy endpoints in toilet-trained subjects who are at least 3 years of age:

Proportion of subjects with fecal incontinence per week during the 12-week treatment 
period.
2.3.4 Exploratory Endpoints

Efficacy endpoints in toilet-trained subjects who are at least 3 years of age:

The average change in worst abdominal pain score over the past 24 hours (based on a 
Wong-Baker faces scale in subjects <8 years and the 11-point Numerical Response Scale 
                                                          
1 A BM is defined as spontaneous (SBM) if not preceded within a period of 24 hours by the intake of rescue 
medication or within 24 hours after disimpaction period.
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[NRS] in subjects ≥8 years), assessed as the weekly average during the 12-week 
double-blind, placebo-controlled treatment phase.

Proportion of subjects with an average of ≥3 SBMs per week and increase of ≥1 SBM 
compared to baseline during a 12-week double-blind, placebo-controlled treatment phase.

Proportions of subjects with an average of ≤1 SBMs per week during the 12-week 
double-blind, placebo-controlled treatment phase.

Proportion of subjects with an average of ≥1 day(s) with rescue medication intake
per week.

Proportion of subjects assessed with retentive posturing at monthly visits during the 
12-week treatment period.

Retentive posturing is defined as the attempt to preserve continence by vigorous 
contraction of the gluteal muscles. Children with retentive posturing will be typically 
tight legged, tiptoed, and/or will have a back-arching posture.

Global evaluation and quality of life (QoL) health economics and outcomes research 
endpoints: Patient Global Impression of Severity (PGI-S), Caregiver Global Impression 
of Severity (CGI-S), and Pediatric Quality of Life InventoryTM (PedsQL) Gas and 
Bloating Domain Gastrointestinal (GI) Symptoms Scale (Placebo-controlled Part 
[Part A]):
o
Absolute values and change from baseline.
o
For PedsQL Gas and Bloating Domain GI Symptoms Scale Standardized response 
mean (SRM): classified as no, small, moderate, and large effect.

Proportion of subjects with ≤2 signs/symptoms from the Rome IV Criteria following the 
12-week double-blind, placebo-controlled treatment phase

Efficacy endpoints in non-toilet-trained subjects who are at least 6 months of age:

Proportion of subjects with an average of ≥3 SBMs per week and increase of ≥1 SBM 
compared to baseline during the 12-week double-blind, placebo-controlled treatment 
phase.

Number of SBMs per week in categories ≤1 and >1 during the 12-week double-blind, 
placebo-controlled treatment phase.

The average change from baseline in stool consistency (based on BSFS score), assessed 
as the weekly average during the 12-week double-blind, placebo-controlled treatment 
phase.
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2.3.5 Safety Endpoints

The proportion of subjects with treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs) (serious, 
non-serious, related, non-related) and the proportion of subjects with clinically relevant 
laboratory test abnormalities, electrocardiogram (ECG) findings, vital signs findings, or new 
findings in physical examination over 12 and 48 weeks of treatment.
2.3.6 PK Endpoint

For all subjects who consent, regardless of toilet-training and age, sparse PK blood sampling 
will be conducted during the 12-week double-blind, placebo-controlled phase. The obtained 
plasma concentrations, together with the data from previous pediatric studies (PRU-USA-12, 
PRU-USA-24 and SHP555-303), will be used for further population PK analysis (see 
protocol Section 9.8 Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacokinetic/Pharmacodynamic Analyses) and 
the refined model will be used to characterize prucalopride's PK properties, and the 
relationship between PK and efficacy/safety endpoints of interest may be explored (separate 
reporting). Individual plasma concentrations with corresponding sampling times post-dose 
will be tabulated per visit. A graphical presentation will be used to visualize the plasma 
concentration-time relationship. Descriptive statistics will be calculated per visit and at 
specific post dose time intervals.
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3. STUDY DESIGN 
3.1 Overall Design
This is a Phase 3, multicenter, randomized study consisting of a 12-week double-blind, 
placebo-controlled Part (Part A) followed by a 36-week double-blind safety extension part 
(Part B) to document safety and tolerability up to 48 weeks in male and female pediatric and 
adolescent subjects with functional constipation as defined by the modified Rome IV criteria for 
child/adolescent Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders (FGID).
The study will start with a 10- to 33-day screening period, including a disimpaction for all 
subjects, a 12-week double-blind placebo-controlled part (Part A) followed by a 36-week 
long-term double-blind (for dose) safety extension Part (Part B), and a follow-up call 
approximately 4 weeks after the last administration of the investigational product (IP).
3.2 Randomization
Randomization will be implemented by interactive response technology (IRT) and individual 
subject treatment is automatically assigned by the IRT. Subject randomization, by means of the 
IRT, occurs at 2 time points, at the beginning of study parts A and B as described below. 

Placebo-controlled Part (Part A):

The IRT system will ensure an approximately 1:1:1 balance between the 3 treatment groups 
(prucalopride low dose, prucalopride high dose, and placebo) in each stratum. 

Randomization will be performed with the permuted blocks and will be stratified by 
toilet-trained status, age group (<12 years, 12 to 17 years) for those toilet-trained, and 
average number of SBM/week (≤1; >1) during the screening period. The randomization 
block size(s) will remain unknown to the investigator sites as well as the study team.

Safety Extension Part (Part B):

The IRT system will ensure an approximately 1:1 balance between the 2 treatment groups 
(prucalopride low dose and prucalopride high dose). 

Re-randomization of the placebo treatment group at the end of the placebo-controlled Part A
will be performed with the permuted blocks and will not be stratified. The randomization 
block size will remain unknown to the investigator sites as well as the study team.
Drug accountability will be collected using IRT and completed in the site drug accountability 
logs. 
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3.3 Blinding
Matching placebo solution/tablets will be available such that the blinding can be assured in 
identical packaging.
The subject, investigator, study coordinator, sponsor, and the entire study processing team will 
remain blinded to the treatment assignment. The set-up of the randomization system will ensure 
that the blind is maintained and will not reveal treatment allocation to any unauthorized 
personnel.
The interim analysis (IA) will be conducted by an unblinded statistics/programming team at the 
contract research organization (CRO) and this team is independent from the study team in that 
the unblinded team will have no other study oversight or inputs into analysis planning. To ensure 
study integrity, the unblinded IA results will be reviewed by an external data monitoring 
committee (DMC) who will make recommendations to the study sponsor.
3.4 Sample Size and Power Consideration (Toilet-trained Subjects)
There is limited literature available with information of efficacy measures in children with 
functional constipation. For that reason, the data from a previous pediatric study with 
prucalopride (SPD555-C303) was used to estimate current primary endpoint - change from 
baseline in the average number of SBMs per week derived from the (diary) data over 12 weeks. 
In that 8-week study only the last 4 weeks (Weeks 5-8) of the treatment phase were used for 
evaluation of primary efficacy2 and over this period the average change in SBMs/week was 
approximately 1.40 SBM/week for placebo and 1.52 SBM/week for prucalopride. The overall 
average change in SBMs/week was 1.5 with a pooled standard deviation (SD) of 2.30 (SD in 
placebo arm was 2.02 and in prucalopride treatment arm 2.57). This change is based on a 
selection of subjects with <3 SBM/week at baseline, corresponding to the inclusion criteria of the 
current study.
An attempt was made to get an estimate of the minimum clinically important difference (MCID) 
in average change from baseline of number of SBM/week, based on the data of the previous 
pediatric study with prucalopride (SPD555-C303). 
For this, the change from baseline in number of SBM/week was estimated per outcome score of 
the global evaluation of efficacy of treatment scale (the anchor) after 8 weeks of treatment. This 
                                                          
2 In study SPD555-C303, the first two weeks of the double-blind treatment phase were not used for the primary 
efficacy analysis because of a possible effect from the use of an enema or oral laxative agent during the screening 
phase to remove an impaction. weeks 3 and 4 were used to evaluate the efficacy for a possible dose adjustment after 
4 weeks of treatment. Therefore, the primary endpoint was evaluated over weeks 5 to 8.
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scale had 5 outcome scores: not at all -, a little bit -, moderately - quite a bit- and extremely 
effective). 
Figure 1 presents the average change from baseline over all subjects, per outcome of the global 
evaluation of efficacy of treatment.
Figure 1. Average Change from Baseline in SBMs (Study SPD555-C303)
SBM: spontaneous bowel movement
If we consider a moderate efficacy of treatment as a MCID, then it can be seen that those 
subjects have an average change from baseline of 1.37 SBM/week.
The 6 key efficacy studies with prucalopride in adults, showed a treatment difference of 
1.66 SBM/week for the subgroup of patients with <3 SBM/week at baseline.
Based on all this information and since this is a pediatric study, a difference of 1.40 SBM/week 
between a prucalopride treatment arm and placebo was chosen as a (clinically meaningful) 
treatment effect for the sample size estimation.
As we expect to observe a higher treatment effect with one of the doses of prucalopride in 
current study, as compared to the previous pediatric study SPD555-C303, this might result in 
more variability and therefore a slightly higher value for the pooled SD of the change from 
baseline will be assumed to be 2.50.
The sample size was estimated through statistical simulations based on the Hochberg step-up 
procedure to control the type I error rate for primary efficacy endpoint. These simulations 
showed that with 80 toilet-trained subjects who are at least 3 years of age per treatment arm, 
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Part A of the study will have at least 90% power to detect a treatment difference of 1.40 in 
primary efficacy endpoint between at least one active dose versus placebo assuming pooled SD 
of 2.5, using a two-sided two-sample t-test at a significance level of 5% based on the Hochberg 
step-up procedure to control the type I error rate for primary efficacy endpoint.
In addition, for exploratory purposes, it is targeted to enroll a maximum of 15 non-toilet-trained 
subjects.
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4. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS SETS
4.1 Statistical Analysis Sets (Toilet-trained subjects who are at least 3 years of age)
4.1.1 Screened Set
The screened set will consist of all subjects who have signed an informed consent form.
4.1.2 Enrolled Set
The enrolled set will consist of all subjects who have signed informed consent and also either 
passed inclusion/exclusion criteria or were randomized.
4.1.3 ITT Analysis Set 
The ITT analysis set will consist of all randomized subjects.
4.1.4 Modified Intent-to-treat Analysis Set
The modified intent-to-treat (mITT) analysis set is applicable to Study Part A and will consist of 
all randomized subjects who receive at least 1 dose of IP. The treatment arm will be the arm to 
which they were randomized, regardless of what treatment they received.
4.1.5 Safety Analysis Set 
For Study Part A, the safety analysis set will consist of randomized subjects receiving at least 
1 dose of IP from Study Part A. Subjects will be analyzed according to treatment received.
For Study Part B, the safety analysis set will consist of all randomized who receive at least 
1 dose of IP from Study Part B. Subjects will be analyzed according to the treatment received.
4.1.6 Per-protocol Analysis Set 
The per-protocol (PP) analysis set is applicable to Study Part A and will consist of all 
toilet-trained randomized subjects who are at least 3 years of age and who do not have major 
protocol deviations that may affect the primary efficacy endpoint. These major protocol 
deviations will be finalized and documented prior to study unblinding. 
Examples of such deviations are provided below:

Violations of inclusion and/or exclusion criteria: A subject who violated any inclusion and/or 
exclusion criteria will be excluded from the PP Analyses Set.

Compliance with IP: A subject, who was less than 80% or more than 120% compliant (can 
occur when the subject/caregiver intentionally or unintentionally overdoses) with his/her 
assigned treatment, as assessed by tablet count or liquid volume from the date of first 
dispensing to the date of last dose, will be excluded.
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
Incorrect timing of assessments: A primary/key secondary endpoint assessment performed 
outside a ±3 day window for the nominal visit time will be classified as a major protocol 
deviation. Note that this rule does not apply to ediary data, which are collected daily, and 
endpoint are averages over each week.

Prohibited concomitant medications that could have a potential effect on efficacy endpoints. 
Protocol violations based on prohibited concomitant medications will be defined at the at the 
final data review meeting before database lock.

Taking wrong IP, ie, not the IP as randomized.

Based on the deviations as determined at database closure subjects with other major protocol 
deviations might be excluded from the per-protocol set. All subjects excluded will be listed 
with the reason for exclusion.
4.1.7 Completers Analysis Set
The Completers Analysis Set is applicable to Study Part A and will consist of all toilet-trained 
subjects who are at least 3 years of age in the mITT Analysis Set who have an average number of
SBM available for all 12 weeks in the Placebo-controlled Part (Part A) of the study. The subject 
in this set must have at least 4 days with completed diary data in each of the 12 weeks to 
calculate the average number of SBMs.
4.1.8 PK Analysis Set 
PK Analysis Set: The PK Analysis Set is defined as all subjects regardless of age in the Safety 
Analysis Sets and for whom at least 1 PK sample is evaluable.
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5. STUDY SUBJECTS (TOILET-TRAINED SUBJECTS)
5.1 Disposition of Subjects
A listing of all screen failures (ie, subjects who were screened but not randomized) will be 
presented along with reasons for screen fail; where applicable details of any AEs will be 
available in the data listings. Subject disposition will be presented separately by study part 
(A and B). 
For Study Part A, subject disposition will be summarized for the Screened Set. The number of 
subjects who were included in and excluded from each defined analysis set (ie, Screened, 
Enrolled, ITT, mITT, Safety, and PP Analysis Set) will be summarized by treatment group and 
overall, except for the Screened Set and the Enrolled set, which will be summarized only overall.
The number and percentage of subjects who completed and prematurely discontinued will be 
presented for each treatment group and overall, for the Safety Analysis Set. Reasons for 
premature discontinuation as recorded on the termination page of the electronic case report form 
(eCRF) will be summarized (number and percentage) by treatment group and overall, for the 
Safety Analysis Set. All subjects who prematurely discontinued will be listed by discontinuation 
reason for Enrolled Set.
The duration of enrollment, in days, will be summarized for each site, country, and overall.
Duration of enrollment will be calculated as (last date of contact for any subject at that site - the 
first date of informed consent for any subject at that site +1).
For Study Part B subject disposition will be summarized similarly as above except as explained 
below. Rather than the screened set the initial set will consist of all subjects that complete Study 
Part A. The only analysis set to be tallied is the safety analysis set, as all other sets are not 
applicable to Part B. Subject tallies will also be summarized based on Part A treatment 
assignment (ie, placebo or prucalopride).
5.2 Demographic and Other Baseline Characteristics
The description below will apply to each Study Part.
Descriptive summaries of demographic and baseline characteristics will be presented by 
treatment group and overall Safety Analysis Set.
The following demographic characteristics will be summarized: age (years), age (categorical), 
sex, ethnicity, country/region, race, body weight (kg), height (cm), and body mass index (kg/m²), 
removal of fecal impaction (yes/no), duration of constipation and for Study Part B summary 
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prior treatment assignment in Study Part A. For continuous characteristics, the mean, SD, 
median, Q1 and Q3, minimum and maximum values will be presented. For categorical 
characteristics, the number of subjects and percentage will be presented. 
5.3 Medical History
Medical history will be collected at the Screening Visit and will be coded using the Medical 
Dictionary for Regulatory Activities (MedDRA) Version 23.1 or newer. A listing will be 
provided using the Safety Analysis Set. The description below will be applied to subjects in the 
Part A safety set separately for each the toilet-trained and non-toilet-trained subjects.
The medical history will be summarized (number of subjects and percentage) by system organ 
class (SOC) and preferred term (PT) for each treatment group and overall, for the Safety 
Analysis Set.
5.4 Prior Medication
Prior medication is defined as any medication with the start date and end date prior to the date of 
the first dose of IP. Prior medications will be coded using the World Health Organization (WHO) 
Drug Dictionary. The description below will be applied to subjects in the Part A safety analysis 
set.
Prior medication information must be recorded in the subject’s source documents. The prior 
medication usage will be summarized by the number and proportion of subjects in each treatment 
group and in overall subjects within each therapeutic class and preferred term for the Safety 
Analysis Set. Multiple medication usage by a subject in the same category will be counted only 
once. All prior treatment will be listed for the Safety Analysis Set.
5.5 Concomitant Medication
Concomitant medication will be coded using the WHO Drug Dictionary. The description below 
will be applied to subjects in the safety analysis set.
Concomitant medication is defined as any medication with a start date prior to the date of the 
first dose of IP and continuing (ongoing) after the first dose of IP or with a start date between the 
dates of the first and last doses of IP, inclusive.
Any medication with a start date after the date of the last dose of IP will not be considered a 
concomitant medication.
The concomitant medication usage will be summarized by the number and proportion of subjects 
in each treatment group receiving each medication and in overall subjects within each 
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therapeutic class and preferred term for the Safety Analysis Set. Multiple medication usage by a 
subject in the same category will be counted only once.
All concomitant medication will be listed for the Safety Analysis Set.
5.6 Exposure to IP
Exposure to IP for the Safety Analysis Set will be summarized in terms of treatment duration, 
which is calculated as the number of days from the date of first dose of IP taken to the date of the 
last dose of IP taken, inclusively. Descriptive statistics (n, mean, SD, minimum, median, and 
maximum) will be presented to describe the exposure to IP by treatment group and overall. The 
above summary will be produced for each Study Part.
If two sources of the end date are available the date collected on site will be used to determine 
last dose of IP. See Section 12.5 for missing last dose date.
5.7 Measurements of Treatment Compliance 
IP dosing compliance for a specified period is defined as the total number of days that the subject 
or caregiver report in the e-diary that the medication was taken by a subject during that period
divided by the expected number of days medication to be taken in the same time period 
(difference in days as reported on the eCRF dosing form) multiplied by 100. Descriptive 
statistics for IP compliance will be presented by treatment group for each period between 
2 consecutive visits as well as for the whole double-blind evaluation phase for the study for the 
Safety Analysis Set. These will include summary statistics (n, mean median, std, min and max) 
as well as categorization in appropriate categories (eg, <80%, 80-120%, >120%). The above 
summary will be produced for each Study Part.
5.8 Protocol deviations
Protocol deviations will be captured and classified (eg, critical, major, minor) by the CRO as 
documented in the Protocol Deviation Management Plan. The Takeda study team will review the 
protocol deviations and their classification throughout the study and before treatment unblinding 
and database lock. Decisions of the review will include accuracy of protocol deviations 
categorization.
Protocol deviations will be summarized by classification and site for each treatment group and 
overall, for the Safety Analysis Set. Protocol deviations will be listed for the ITT Analysis Set.
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6. EFFICACY ANALYSIS (TOILET-TRAINED SUBJECTS)
All efficacy analyses will be based on the mITT for toilet trained subjects who are at least 
3 years of age unless otherwise specified. Baseline for efficacy endpoints, that are assessed at 
study visits, is defined as the last observed value prior to taking the first dose of IP (based on 
dates). Baseline for efficacy endpoints derived from the daily diary data, is defined as the 
average value over all diary days observed prior to taking the first dose of IP, excluding the 
disimpaction period. Baseline for the PedsQL Gas and Bloating Module will be the screening 
assessment prior to disimpaction. All efficacy analyses will be conducted according to the 
treatment assigned.
All statistical tests will be 2-sided hypothesis tests performed at the 5% level of significance for 
main effects. All confidence intervals will be 2-sided 95% confidence intervals, unless stated 
otherwise. Control of Type I error is discussed in Section 6.4. 
6.1 Derivation and Analyses of Primary Efficacy Endpoint
The primary efficacy endpoint is defined as the average change from baseline in number of 
SBMs per week derived from the (diary) data over 12 weeks. 
A BM is defined as spontaneous (SBM) if not preceded within a period of 24 hours by the intake 
of rescue medication or within 24 hours after disimpaction period.
The null and alternative hypotheses for the primary efficacy analysis are:

Null hypothesis1 (H10): There is no difference in average change from baseline in number of 
SBMs/week derived from the (diary) data over 12 weeks between the low dose and placebo.

Alternative hypothesis1 (H1A): There is a difference in average change from baseline in 
number of SBMs/week derived from the (diary) data over 12 weeks between the low dose 
and placebo.

Null hypothesis2 (H20): There is no difference in average change from baseline in number of 
SBMs/week derived from the (diary) data over 12 weeks between the high dose and placebo.

Alternative hypothesis2 (H2A): There is a difference in average change from baseline in 
number of SBMs/week derived from the (diary) data over 12 weeks between the high dose 
and placebo.
The primary endpoint will be derived as follows:
1. For each subject, the number of SBMs will be calculated (using the formula below) for each 
of the 12 weeks in the placebo-controlled part (Part A) of the study and for baseline.
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2. The (average) number of SBMs during the screening period (baseline) will be calculated as 
follows: 

	 
  () =
∗(  !"#$  %&'( )!*"+ , (#"*"+ -*) ϯ)
("!/0  )$( 1*, 0(2*" )!*"+ , (#"*"+ -*) ϯ)

ϯ Excluding the days of the disimpaction procedure (3 to 12 days).
3. For the calculation of weekly number of SBM, it is required that there are at least 4 days with 
completed diary data (ie, evaluable days), otherwise the weekly number of SBM will be set 
to missing. A day is considered evaluable (day with diary information) if at least some 
information on BM was recorded (ie, ‘no BM today’ or the time of at least 1 BM was 
recorded).
4. The (average) number of SBM per week will be calculated as follows, where  is a 
study week within 1 to 12, inclusively:

	 
  (34 ) =
∗(  !"#$  %&'( *" 56 *)
("!/0  )$( 1*, 0(2*" *" 56 *)
5. The (average) change from baseline in number of SBM/week can be derived for all weeks 
during Placebo-controlled Part of the study.
6. Data from Step 5 will be used in an MMRM model for the estimation and analysis of the 
primary endpoint (average change in SBM/week over 12 weeks).
Note that BMs during the disimpaction period(s), which can take 3 to 12 days during the 
screening period and BMs within 24 hours after rescue medication intake during 
Placebo-controlled Part of the study, will not be counted.
Missing data will be imputed using a hybrid imputation approach prior to the analysis of the 
primary efficacy endpoint. The primary efficacy endpoint will be analyzed using a MMRM. The 
MMRM will include treatment group, age groups, study week, treatment-group-by-study-week 
interaction as fixed effects, baseline number of SBM/week as a covariate and subject as a 
random effect. An unstructured variance-covariance matrix will be used to model the 
within-subject errors for both treatment groups. The average change from baseline over 12 weeks 
will be estimated (LS means) by the above MMRM. The treatment difference in LS means 
between active treatment group versus placebo will be estimated. P-value for treatment 
difference in LS means and associated 95% CI from the multiple imputed datasets will be 
combined using Rubin’s rules, as implemented in the PROC MIANALYZE procedure. Both 
unadjusted and Hochberg’s adjusted p-values will be presented. For multiplicity adjustment and 
decision rules, see Section 6.4. The restricted maximum likelihood method will be used, with an 
unstructured (UN) covariance structure. If the UN covariance structure fails to converge, as an 
alternative, the Compound symmetry covariance matrix will be applied. The primary endpoint 
will be summarized per treatment group and evaluated over the mITT analysis set.
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Sample SAS codes are provided in Appendix 2.
6.1.1 Missing Data and Sensitivity Analyses of Primary Efficacy Endpoint
The primary method for missing data handling will be based on a hybrid imputation approach 
under a composite estimand, with details shown in Section 2.2.
Missing Diary Days
For the calculation of weekly number of SBM, it is required that there are at least 4 days with 
completed diary data (ie, evaluable days), otherwise the weekly number of SBM will be set to 
missing. In the case when there are at least 4 days with diary data, the (average) number of SBM 
per week will be calculated as follows, where  is a study week within 1 to 12, inclusively:
Number of SBMs (week ) = 7 ∗
F
F 	GHI 
   J4 
	 
 KI JFℎ
	MF
  J4 
Sensitivity Analyses

Sensitivity Analyses: The following sensitivity analysis for missing data handling will be 
conducted to examine the robustness of the primary efficacy analysis results:

On treatment multiple imputation: For any subject with missing values, the estimates for 
the missing weekly frequencies will be based on the treatment group of that subject (ie, 
on-treatment multiple imputation). In other words, for a prucalopride subject, data from 
the placebo group will not be used to impute missing weekly frequencies. This is the 
difference between this method and the placebo multiple imputation method (see below). 
Twenty imputations will be performed.

Placebo multiple imputation: For any subject with missing values, the estimates for the 
missing weekly frequencies will be based on data of the placebo group. In other words, 
for a prucalopride subject, data from the placebo arm will be used to impute the 
missing weekly frequencies. Twenty imputations will be performed.

Completer analysis: This analysis will include only subjects who have an average number 
of SBMs available for all 12 weeks in the Placebo-controlled Part (Part A) of the study 
(the completers analysis set). See Section 4.1.7 for more details.

PP analysis: This analysis will include only subjects from the PP analysis set.

MMRM analysis with additional covariate and factors: The proposed MMRM model for 
primary efficacy analysis, including additional factors (center, tablet vs oral solution, 
global severity score) and covariate age. Note: When age is analyzed as a covariate, age 
group will not be included as a factor in the MMRM; for purpose of convergence, 
pooling of smaller centers might be needed. Centers with fewer than 5 subjects in the Full 
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Analysis Set will be pooled into 1 of 4 regional pools. The pooling strategy will be 
reassessed and documented prior to unblinding to ensure that the regional pools are not 
over representative, ie, contain more subjects than the large enrolling centers, wherein 
large regional pools will be divided with centers being selected at random.

Tipping-point analysis: A tipping-point multiple imputation analysis will be conducted to 
assess the robustness of the missing data handling for primary efficacy endpoint if the 
primary analyses conclude statistical significance. The tipping point is defined as the 
difference in the average number of SBM/week between a treatment arm and placebo 
arm at which the study conclusion (ie, the statistical significance) changes. To find this 
tipping point a systematic shift will be applied to the imputed values (for weeks with 
missing number of SBM/week) in each of the TAK-555 treatment arms respectively, 
assuming that the tipping point that reverses the study conclusion is between –3 and 0 
with a step size of -0.2 (or adapt as appropriate). The multiple imputation under MNAR 
assumption will be performed by searching for the tipping point that reverses the study 
conclusion.
A tipping point analysis will be performed as described below.
The steps to be used for tipping point analysis are as follows:
Step 1: Specify the shift parameter = 0.0, -0.2, -0.4, -0.6,…,-3.0 (0 to -3 with a step size of -0.2, 
or adapt as appropriate)
Step 2: Impute the missing average number of SBM/week (for weeks with missing number of 
SBM/week) on TAK-555 treatment arms using PROC MI under the MNAR assumption with the 
shift parameter to be applied to the TAK-555 arms only. Generate n=20 imputed datasets for 
each of the shift parameters.
Step 3: Perform the same MMRM analysis model as specified for the primary endpoint analysis 
for each imputed dataset. 
Step 4: Obtain the point estimate of treatment difference, 95% CI and p-value using Rubin’s 
combination rules via PROC MIANALYZE procedure.
Step 5: The tipping point can be identified while the result is no longer statistically significant 
(ie, p-value >0.05).
The mITT analysis set for subjects who are at least three years of age and toilet-trained will be 
used for all sensitivity analyses except for the completer and PP analyses. 
Sample SAS codes for these sensitivity analyses are provided in Appendix 2.
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6.2 Analyses of Key Secondary Efficacy Endpoints 
Key secondary efficacy endpoints are:

Efficacy endpoints in toilet-trained subjects who are at least 3 years of age:

The average change from baseline in stool consistency (based on BSFS score), assessed 
as the weekly average during the 12-week double-blind, placebo-controlled treatment 
phase. Summaries will be reported separately for subjects aged <8 years and 8 to 17 years 
based on reporter status (parent/child). The average will be calculated as sum of all scores 
divided by the number of evaluable days in a 7-day period.

The average change from baseline in straining (based on a 3-point Likert scale), assessed 
as the weekly average during the 12-week double-blind, placebo-controlled treatment 
phase. The average will be calculated as sum of all scores divided by the number of 
evaluable days in a 7-day period.

The proportion of responders with a responder defined as a subject having an increase of 
≥1 SBM/week compared to baseline and ≥3 SBMs/week for at least 9 out of the 12 weeks 
of placebo-controlled part (Part A), including 3 of the last 4 weeks
The null and alternative hypotheses for the key secondary efficacy analysis are:

Null hypothesis 3 (H30): There is no difference in average change from baseline in stool 
consistency (based on BSFS score) assessed as the weekly average during the 12-week 
double-blind, placebo-controlled treatment phase between the low dose and placebo.

Alternative hypothesis 3 (H3A): There is a difference in average change from baseline in 
stool consistency (based on BSFS score) assessed as the weekly average during the 12-week 
double-blind, placebo-controlled treatment phase between the low dose and placebo.

Null hypothesis 4 (H40): There is no difference in average change from baseline in stool 
consistency (based on BSFS score) assessed as the weekly average during the 12-week 
double-blind, placebo-controlled treatment phase between the high dose and placebo.

Alternative hypothesis 4 (H4A): There is a difference in average change from baseline in 
stool consistency (based on BSFS score) assessed as the weekly average during the 12-week 
double-blind, placebo-controlled treatment phase between the high dose and placebo.

Null hypothesis 5 (H50): There is no difference in average change from baseline in straining 
(based on a 3-point Likert scale) assessed as the weekly average during the 12-week 
double-blind, placebo-controlled treatment phase between the low dose and placebo.

Alternative hypothesis 5 (H5A): There is a difference in average change from baseline in 
straining (based on a 3-point Likert scale) assessed as the weekly average during the 12-week 
double-blind, placebo-controlled treatment phase between the low dose and placebo.
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
Null hypothesis 6 (H60): There is no difference in average change from baseline in straining 
(based on a 3-point Likert scale) assessed as the weekly average over 12 weeks during the 
12-week double-blind, placebo-controlled treatment phase between the high dose and 
placebo.

Alternative hypothesis 6 (H6A): There is a difference in average change from baseline in 
straining (based on a 3-point Likert scale) assessed as the weekly average during the 12-week 
double-blind, placebo-controlled treatment phase between the high dose and placebo.

Null hypothesis 7 (H70): There is no difference in proportion of responders having an 
increase of ≥1 SBM/week compared to baseline and ≥3 SBMs/week for at least 9 out 
of 12 weeks between the low dose and placebo.

Alternative hypothesis 7 (H7A): There is a difference in proportion of responders having an 
increase of ≥1 SBM/week compared to baseline and ≥3 SBMs/week for at least 9 out 
of 12 weeks between the low dose and placebo.

Null hypothesis 8 (H80): There is no difference in proportion of responders having an 
increase of ≥1 SBM/week compared to baseline and ≥3 SBMs/week for at least 9 out 
of 12 weeks between the high dose and placebo.

Alternative hypothesis 8 (H8A): There is a difference in proportion of responders having an 
increase of ≥1 SBM/week compared to baseline and ≥3 SBMs/week for at least 9 out 
of 12 weeks between the high dose and placebo.
The key secondary efficacy endpoints will be analyzed as follows:
Missing data will be imputed using a hybrid imputation approach prior to analyses of key 
secondary efficacy endpoints.
The continuous endpoints using MMRM with the same covariates and factors as for the primary 
endpoint.

Similar to the primary endpoint analysis, the average change from baseline in stool 
consistency (based on BSFS score), and in straining (based on a 3-point Likert scale) 
assessed as the weekly average during the 12-week double-blind, placebo-controlled 
treatment phase, will be analyzed using MMRM. The MMRM will include treatment group, 
age groups, study week, treatment-group-by-study-week interaction as fixed effects, baseline 
number of SBM/week as a covariate and subject as a random effect.

For the proportion of responders, treatment arms will be compared using CMH test, 
controlling for the stratification variables age and baseline number of SBMs/week. An 
overall combined p-value, response rates and difference in response rates plus 95% CI will 
be derived using Rubin’s rules, as implemented in the PROC MIANALYZE procedure. The 
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CMH test statistic will be normalized using the Wilson-Hilferty transformation before 
combining.

The overall CMH test statistic and p-value (which are based on a chi-square distributed 
statistic) will be derived using the Wilson-Hilferty transformation (to normalize a chi-square 
distributed statistic).
The methodology for all derivation is described in a PharmaSUG 2013 paper (SP03): Combining 
Analysis Results from Multiply Imputed Categorical Data by Bohdana Ratitch, Ilya Lipkovich 
and Michael O’Kelly.
For multiplicity adjustment and decision rules, see Section 6.4.
The secondary endpoint will be summarized per treatment group and evaluated over the mITT 
analysis set.
6.3 Analyses of Other Secondary Efficacy Endpoints

Other secondary efficacy endpoints in toilet-trained subjects who are at least 3 years of age:

Proportion of subjects with fecal incontinence per week during the 12-week treatment 
Period.
The other efficacy endpoints will be analyzed as follows:
For the other efficacy endpoints based on diary data, the weekly number of SBMs scores will be 
derived in a same way as for the primary endpoint. Missing data will be imputed using a hybrid 
imputation approach prior to analyses of key secondary efficacy endpoints.
The other secondary and exploratory efficacy endpoints will be summarized descriptively by 
treatment arm and evaluated over the mITT analysis set for those subjects who are at least 
3 years of age and toilet-trained. 
The treatment arms will be compared per week (Weeks 1 to 12) using CMH test, controlling for 
the stratification variables age and baseline number of SBMs/week. An overall combined 
p-value, response rates and difference in response rates plus 95% CI will be derived using 
Rubin’s rules, as implemented in the PROC MIANALYZE procedure. The CMH test statistic 
will be normalized using the Wilson-Hilferty transformation before combining.
The methodology for all derivation is described in a PharmaSUG 2013 paper (SP03): Combining 
Analysis Results from Multiply Imputed Categorical Data by Bohdana Ratitch, Ilya Lipkovich 
and Michael O’Kelly.
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No multiplicity adjustment will be performed for the analysis of other secondary or exploratory 
efficacy endpoints.
6.4 Multiplicity Adjustment and Decision Rules
The global family-wise error rate will be controlled at an alpha of 0.05 for the 8 hypotheses 
resulting from comparing each prucalopride dose group (low dose and high dose) with placebo 
for the primary endpoint and the three key secondary endpoints using a Hochberg-step-up 
procedure [(Dmitrienko et al. 2016); FDA 2017, Guidance for Industry: Multiple Endpoints in 
Clinical Trials. US Department of Health and Human Services, FDA, CDER, CBER].
This approach will use the Hochberg step-up procedure for the primary endpoint 
dose-comparisons vs. placebo and the truncated Hochberg step-up procedure for each of the 
three key secondary endpoint dose comparisons vs. placebo, in a stepwise manner in the order 
below:

Endpoint P [primary efficacy endpoint is defined as the average change from baseline in 
number of SBMs per week derived from the (diary) data over 12 weeks]. 

Endpoint S1 [The average change from baseline in stool consistency (based on BSFS score), 
assessed as the weekly average during the 12-week double-blind, placebo-controlled 
treatment phase] 

Endpoint S2 [The average change from baseline in straining (based on a 3-point Likert 
scale), assessed as the weekly average during the 12-week double-blind, placebo-controlled 
treatment phase]

Endpoint S3 [The proportion of responders with a responder defined as a subject having an 
increase of ≥1 SBM/week compared to baseline and ≥3 SBMs/week for at least 9 out of the 
12 weeks of placebo-controlled part (Part A), including 3 of the last 4 weeks]
The resulting eight null hypotheses of no treatment effect are denoted by H10 through H80 and 
are grouped into four families corresponding to the four endpoints and families are tested 
sequentially beginning with first one: 
Family1 (F1) = {H10, H20} (Endpoint P)
Family2 (F2) = {H30, H40} (Endpoint S1)
Family3 (F3) = {H50, H60} ((Endpoint S2)
Family4 (F4) = {H70, H80} (Endpoint S3)
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The testing algorithm is based on regular Hochberg-step-up procedure for F1 and truncated 
Hochberg procedure with pre-specified truncation parameters γ1= γ2=0.8 for F2 and F3 
respectively. The first key secondary endpoint will be tested only if both comparisons for high 
dose vs. placebo and low dose vs. placebo for primary efficacy endpoint have demonstrated 
statistical significance. 
The testing algorithm is described as follows:
Step 1: The null hypotheses H10 and H20 are tested using the regular Hochberg at α=0.05
Let p(1), p(2) denote the ordered p-values corresponding to the null hypotheses H10 and H20 in 
the Family 1, where p(1) < p(2).
The regular Hochberg procedure uses the following decision rules:

Both null hypotheses in Family 1 are rejected if p(2) < α=0.05

Only the null hypothesis corresponding to p(1) is rejected if p(1) < α/2=0.025 and p(2)
≥α=0.05
Step 2: If both hypotheses H10 and H20 in Family 1 are rejected in Step 1, then the null 
hypotheses H30 and H40 in Family 2 are tested using truncated Hochberg (γ1=0.8) at α=0.05. 
Otherwise, hypothesis testing is stopped.
Let p(3), p(4) denote the ordered p-values corresponding to the null hypotheses H30 and H40 in 
the Family 2, where p(3) < p(4).
The truncated Hochberg procedure uses the following decision rules:

Both null hypotheses in Family2 are rejected if p(4) < (1+γ1)α/2=(1+0.8)*(0.05/2)=0.045

Only the null hypothesis corresponding to p(3) is rejected if p(3) < α/2 =0.025, and p(4)
≥(1+γ1)α/2=0.045
Step 3: The logical restrictions are applied to the null hypotheses H50 and H60 in Family F3, ie,
H50 is testable only if H30 is rejected and, similarly, H60 is testable only if H40 is rejected. The 
overall significance level used in F3 is determined by the number of hypotheses rejected in F2:

If both null hypotheses H30 and H40 in Family 2 are rejected in F2, Hochberg (γ2=0.8) is 
applied to both null hypotheses H50 and H60 in Family F3 at α=0.05. To be specific and 
clear: with p(5) < p(6), reject both H50 and H60 in Family 3 if p(6)<(1+γ2)α/2; only reject 
H05 if p(5)<α/2=0.025 and p(6) ≥ (1+γ2)α/2=0.045.

If only one of null hypothesis H30 and H40 is rejected in F2, the corresponding null 
hypothesis H50 or H60 in F3 is tested using a univariate at α (1-γ1)/2=0.05(1-0.8)/2=0.005.
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Step 4: The logical restrictions are applied to the null hypotheses H70 and H80 in Family F4. 
The overall significance level used in F4 is determined by the number of null hypotheses rejected 
in Families F2 and F3:

If null hypotheses H30, H40, H50 and H60 are rejected in Families F2 and F3, then null 
hypotheses H70 and H80 in Family 4 are tested using regular Hochberg procedure at α=0.05. 
To be specific and clear: with p(7) < p(8), reject both H70 and H80 in Family 4 if p(8)<α; 
only reject H07 if p(7)<α/2 and p(8) ≥α.

If both null hypotheses H30 and H40 are rejected in F2, and only one of null hypothesis H50 
and H60 is rejected in F3, the corresponding null hypothesis of either H70 or H80 in family 
F4 is tested using a univariate test at α (1- γ2)/2=0.05(1-0.8)/2=0.005.

If only one of null hypothesis H30 and H40 is rejected in family F2, and only one of null 
hypothesis H50 and H60 is rejected in family F3, the corresponding null hypothesis of either 
H7 or H8 is tested using a univariate test at α (1-max(γ1,γ2))/2=0.05(1-0.8))/2=0.005
6.5 Analyses of Exploratory Efficacy Endpoints
6.5.1 Toilet-trained subjects who are at least 3 years of age
Exploratory efficacy endpoints in toilet-trained subjects who are at least 3 years of age include 
the following:

The average change in worst abdominal pain score over the past 24 hours (based on a 
Wong-Baker faces scale in subjects <8 years and the 11-point NRS in subjects ≥8 years), 
assessed as the weekly average during the 12-week double-blind, placebo-controlled 
treatment phase.

Proportion of subjects with an average of ≥3 SBMs per week and increase of ≥1 SBM 
compared to baseline during the 12-week double-blind, placebo-controlled treatment phase.

Proportions of subjects with an average of ≤1 SBMs per week during the 12-week double-
blind, placebo-controlled treatment phase.

Proportion of subjects with an average of ≥1 day(s) with rescue medication intake per week.

Proportion of subjects assessed with retentive posturing at monthly visits during the 12-week 
treatment period.

Retentive posturing is defined as the attempt to preserve continence by vigorous contraction 
of the gluteal muscles. Children with retentive posturing will be typically tight legged, 
tiptoed, and/or will have a back-arching posture.

Proportion of subjects with ≤2 signs/symptoms from the Rome IV Criteria following the 
12-week double-blind, placebo-controlled treatment phase
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The exploratory efficacy endpoints will be analyzed as follows:
For the exploratory efficacy endpoints based on diary data, the weekly number of SBMs scores 
will be derived in the same way as for the primary endpoint. Missing data will be imputed using 
a hybrid imputation approach prior to analyses of key secondary efficacy endpoints.
The other secondary and exploratory efficacy endpoints will be summarized descriptively by 
treatment arm and evaluated over the mITT analysis set. Where possible data will be presented 
graphically (over time) to support the interpretation of the results.

For continuous endpoints, treatment arms will be compared per week (Weeks 1 to 12) using 
the same MMRM as used for primary endpoint analysis.

For binary endpoints, treatment arms will be compared per week (Weeks 1 to 12) using CMH
test, controlling for the stratification variables age and baseline number of SBMs/week. An 
overall combined p-value, response rates and difference in response rates plus 95% 
confidence interval will be derived using Rubin’s rules, as implemented in the PROC 
MIANALYZE procedure. The CMH test statistic will be normalized using the 
Wilson-Hilferty transformation before combining.
The methodology for all derivation is described in a PharmaSUG 2013 paper (SP03): Combining 
Analysis Results from Multiply Imputed Categorical Data by Bohdana Ratitch, Ilya Lipkovich 
and Michael O’Kelly.
No multiplicity adjustment will be performed for the analysis of other and exploratory efficacy 
endpoints.
6.5.2 Analysis of Efficacy Endpoints for Non-toilet-trained Subjects
Efficacy endpoints in non-toilet-trained subjects who are at least 6 months of age include the 
following:

Proportion of subjects with an average of ≥3 SBMs per week and increase of ≥1 SBM 
compared to baseline during the 12-week double-blind, placebo-controlled treatment phase.

Number of SBMs per week in categories ≤1 and >1 during the 12-week double-blind, 
placebo-controlled treatment phase.

The average change from baseline in stool consistency (based on BSFS score), assessed as 
the weekly average during the 12-week double-blind, placebo-controlled treatment phase.
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The efficacy endpoints in non-toilet-trained subjects will be analyzed as follows:
For exploratory and descriptive purposes, all the efficacy analyses will be descriptive with no 
formal hypothesis testing. For binary endpoints, frequency and percentage, and for continuous 
endpoints, descriptive statistics (mean, SD, minimum and maximum) will be presented by each 
treatment group.
The mITT Analysis Set will be used for efficacy analysis.
6.6 Subgroup Analyses
For explorative and descriptive purposes, the primary and selected secondary endpoints 
(endpoints based on number of SBMs per week and endpoints based on consistency scoring) will 
also be summarized and compared between treatment groups within each subgroup as defined by 
the stratification variables: age group (<12 years, 12 to 17 years) and average number of 
SBM/week (≤1; >1) during the screening period.
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7. SAFETY ANALYSIS (TOILET-TRAINED SUBJECTS AND NON-TOILET TRAINED 
SUBJECTS)
Safety Analysis of toilet-trained subjects:
The safety analysis will be performed using the Safety Analysis Set. Safety variables include 
AEs, clinical laboratory variables, vital signs, and ECG variables. For each safety variable, the 
last value collected before the first dose of IP will be used as baseline for all analyses of that 
safety variable. Last Value on Treatment (LVOT) will be defined as the last valid assessment 
obtained after Baseline and whilst on IP. Last Observed Value (LOV) will be defined as the last 
valid assessment obtained after Baseline.
All safety analyses will be conducted according to the treatment the subject actually received.
All safety data will be summarized for the whole study (Part A and Part B combined), and also 
separately for Part A and Part B, unless otherwise specified. Part A will be summarized using the 
placebo, low dose, high dose and Prucalopride overall. Part B will be summarized using the 
groupings of low dose, high dose and overall. Summaries of Part A and Part B are combined 
using the groupings placebo, placebo-low dose, placebo-high dose, low dose-low dose, high 
dose-high dose and Prucalopride overall, unless otherwise specified. Subjects randomized to 
Placebo in Part A who discontinued from the study prior to starting Part B will also be included 
in placebo-low dose or placebo-high dose. Subjects that did not reach Part B or did not 
participate in Part B and received low dose in part A will be included the low/low group. 
Subjects that did not reach Part B or did not participate in Part B and received high dose in part 
A will be included the high/high group. If a subject is in the safety set for Part A or Part B they 
will be included in the combined analyses.
7.1 Adverse Events 
An AE (classified by preferred term) that occurs during this study will be considered a TEAE if 
it has a start date on or after the first dose of double-blind IP or if it has a start date before the 
date of the first dose of double-blind IP but increases in severity on or after the date of the first 
dose of double-blind IP. An AE that occurs more than 5 days (5 x half-life of 24 hours) after the 
date of the last dose of double-blind IP will not be counted as a TEAE. If two sources of the end 
date of treatment are available, the date collected on site will be used to determine last dose of 
IP.
A summary of the number of subjects with TEAEs will be presented, including the number and 
percentage of subjects with any TEAEs, serious TEAEs, TEAEs related to IP and TEAEs leading 
to discontinuation of IP.
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The number and percentage of subjects reporting TEAEs in each treatment group will be 
tabulated by SOC and preferred term; by SOC, preferred term, and maximum severity. TEAEs 
considered related to IP will also be summarized by SOC and preferred term. If more than 1 AE 
occurs with the same preferred term for the same subject, then the subject will be counted only 
once for that preferred term using the most severe and most related occurrence for the 
summarization by severity and by relationship to IP. 
The incidence of common TEAEs (for example, ≥2% of subjects in any treatment group) will be 
summarized by preferred term. Serious TEAEs, TEAEs leading to discontinuation of IP and 
serious TEAEs leading to death, will be summarized by SOC, preferred term and treatment 
group. 
For the summaries in parts A and B combined, patient-year exposure adjusted adverse event 
tables will be provided. Patient-year exposure will be calculated as (last day on treatment minus 
first day on treatment)/365.25.
Data for Part A includes all data with an onset date between date of first dose of IP up to last 
dose of Part A IP, inclusive, or 5 days, inclusive of last dose of IP for subjects that do not
participate in Part B. Data for Part B includes all data with an onset date from first dose of Part B
IP up to the last dose of Part B IP plus 5 days, inclusive. This rule is also applicable to 
Section 7.3, Section 7.4 and Section 7.5.
7.2 Adverse Events of Special Interest
Suicidal ideation (SI) and suicidal behavior (SIB) are the Adverse Events of Special Interest for 
this study.
7.3 Clinical Laboratory Variables
Laboratory data will be subjected to both a quantitative analysis (descriptive summary statistics) 
and qualitative analysis where frequencies of normal, above normal and below normal values 
will be computed.
Assessments will be included only when the subject is on treatment. All assessments will be used 
for listings. Data for Part A includes all data with an assessment date between date of first dose 
of Part A IP through last dose of last dose of Part A IP. Data for Part B includes all data with an 
assessment date from the first dose of Part B IP up to the last dose of Part B IP.
Hematology: Hemoglobin, hematocrit, red blood cell (RBC) count, white blood cell (WBC) 
count, differential WBC count, and platelet count
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7.4 Vital Signs
Descriptive statistics for vital signs (eg., systolic and diastolic blood pressure, pulse rate, and 
body weight) and their changes from baseline at each post-baseline visit and at the end of study 
will be presented by treatment group.
Vital sign values will be considered PCS if they meet both the observed value criteria and the 
change from baseline criteria listed in Table 2. 
Table 2. Criteria for Potentially Clinically Significant Vital Signs
Vital Sign Parameter
Subject Age
Flag
Criteriaa
Observed Value
Change from Baseline
Systolic blood pressure (mmHg)
High
>110 (0 to 5 years)
>120 (>5 to 10 years)
>130 (>=11 years)
Increase of 20
Low
90
Decrease of 20
Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg)
High
>75 (0 to 5 years)
>80 (>5 to 10 years)
>90 (>=11 years)
Increase of 15
Low
50
Decrease of 15
Pulse rate
(beats per minute)
<1 year
1-2 years
3-6 years
>=7 years
High
>190
>160
>150
>140
Increase of 15
<=4 years
>=5 years
Low
<50 
<40 
Decrease of 15
Weight (kg)
High
-
Increase of 7%
Low
-
Decrease of 7%
a A post-baseline value is considered as a PCS value if its meets either criteria for observed value or change from baseline.
The number and percentage of subjects with PCS post-baseline values will be tabulated by 
treatment group. The percentages will be calculated relative to the number of subjects with 
baseline and at least 1 post-baseline assessment. The numerator is the total number of subjects 
with at least 1 PCS post-baseline vital sign value. A supportive listing of subjects with
post-baseline PCS values will be provided including the subject number, site, baseline, and 
post-baseline PCS values.
The SBP and DBP normal ranges for children are provided in Table 3. The variable ‘AGE’ from 
the DM domain can be used in defining the normal ranges.
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Table 4. Criteria for Potentially Clinically Significant ECG Values
ECG Parameter
Subject Age
Unit
Higher Limit
QRS Interval
<4 years
msec
>90
QRS Interval
4-17 years
msec
>100
QRS Interval
<4-17 years
msec change from 
baseline
>=60
PR Interval
<4-17 years
msec
200
QTcF Interval
<4-17 years
msec
450
QTcF Interval
<4-17 years
msec change from 
baseline
>=60
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8. PHARMACOKINETIC ANALYSIS
For subjects who consent to the sparse PK sampling, individual plasma concentrations with 
corresponding sampling times post-dose will be tabulated per visit. A graphical presentation of 
the average concentration over time by dose will be used to visualize the plasma 
concentration-time relationship. Descriptive statistics will be calculated per visit by dose at 
specific post-dose time intervals. Plasma levels below the limit of quantification will be flagged.
Plasma concentrations measured in this study will be combined with the PK data from previous 
trials in pediatric subjects and a population PK analysis will be performed on the pooled data. 
The relationship between PK and efficacy/safety endpoints of interest may be explored. This 
analysis will be subject of a separate report.
9. PHARMACODYNAMICS ANALYSIS
Not applicable
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10. OTHER ANALYSES
During the Placebo-controlled Part [Part A] of the study, global evaluations and QoL Health 
economics and outcomes research endpoints will be assessed. These include:

PGI-S.

CGI-S. 

PedsQL™ Gas and Bloating Module for subjects with functional gastrointestinal disorders.
The PGI-S and CGI-S will jointly be used in an anchor-based analysis to determine a clinically 
meaningful within-patient change threshold for change in the number of SBMs. Baseline will be 
defined as the PGI-S/CGI-S from screening (ie, prior to disimpaction). Subjects with assessments 
at both baseline and Week 12 will be classified, regardless of treatment assignment, by the 
magnitude of the change categories between baseline and Week 12; specifically, the categories 
will be (- indicating improvement and + indicating deterioration): -3 categorical shift, 
-2 categorical shift, -1 categorical shift, 0 categorical shift, +1 categorical shift, +2 categorical 
shift, +3 categorical shift. Shift tables from baseline to Week 12 will be presented to show the 
changes for PGI-S and CGI-S, respectively. In the event categories on the extreme (eg, -3 or +3) 
have zero or <10 subjects then those categories will be collapsed or pooled with the neighboring 
categories.
Once classified the following anchor-based empirical cumulative distribution function (eCDF) 
and probability density function (PDF; many times estimated using kernel density estimation) 
curves, including the sample size and median score for each eCDF and PDF anchor curve for the 
primary endpoint; along with the sample size, and the 10th, the 25th, the 50th (median), the 75th, 
and the 90th percentile of the primary endpoint. In the event categories are collapsed then 
supplemental eCDF and PDF will be provided using the un collapsed categories.
Baseline for the PedsQL Gas and Bloating Module will be the screening assessment prior to 
disimpaction. For both baseline and postbaseline the total scale score is calculated as the sum of 
all items divided by the total number of nonmissing items. The subscale score is calculated as the 
sum of subscale items divided by the total number of non-missing subscale items. If more than 
50% of the items in the (sub)scale are missing, the score for this (sub)scale will be set to 
“missing”.
PedsQL Gas and Bloating Module will be summarized as follows:

Absolute values and change from baseline.

Standardized Response Mean (SRM).
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
The SRM is defined as the mean change from baseline divided by the SD of the change. 
Assessments performed

The SRM will also be presented classified: <0.2, 0.2-<0.5, 0.5-<0.8, and ≥0.8, with classes 
regarded as no effect, small, moderate, and large, respectively.

Absolute values.

All global evaluations and QoL Health economics and outcomes research endpoints will be 
analyzed by each scheduled visit (ie, baseline, week 8, week 24). In addition, the final 
on-treatment assessment, defined as either the final scheduled time point for completers or 
the early discontinuation visit for early terminators, will be summarized. Descriptive 
statistics for each subscale, will be tabulated per treatment group over the mITT analysis set. 
For continuous endpoints, each of the two treatment arms will be compared with placebo 
using the analysis of covariance with the age and baseline number of SBMs/week as 
covariates. For categorical endpoint (only classification of the SRM), treatment arms will be 
compared using the CMH test adjusted for age and baseline number of SBMs/week.
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11. INTERIM ANALYSIS/DATA MONITORING COMMITTEE
Two IA will be conducted during the study.
The primary objective of the first IA is to evaluate stopping the study for futility. The first IA 
will be conducted when 50% of target number of toilet-trained subjects who are at least 3 years 
of age (ie, 120 subjects) are randomized into the study and have either completed or had 
withdrawn from the Placebo-controlled part (Part A). Futility evaluation will be based on the 
conditional power (Lan and Wittes 1988) using a stopping threshold of 20% for each dose arm. 
Only if both comparisons, low dose and high dose versus placebo, based on the primary endpoint 
have a conditional power (probability) of less than 20% the study will be stopped for futility. In 
case of study termination due to futility, no further inferential efficacy analysis will be conducted 
since the original power calculation was based on 240 subjects (80 per each arm of placebo, low 
dose and high dose) who should have either completed or withdrawn from part A. Inferential 
analyses on partial data of patients at varying time spent in part A is not meaningful anymore.
Instead, all efficacy endpoints including primary, secondary and exploratory endpoints stated in 
Section 2 and Section 6 will be reported in a descriptive manner. Health economics and 
outcomes research endpoints stated in Section 10 will be reported descriptively excluding 
analyses for anchor-based distributions.
In all other situations the study will continue as planned, with both high and low dosing arms and 
the placebo arms.
Without loss of generality, the conditional power for low dose is calculated based on B-value 
(Lan and Wittes 1988). The formula for conditional power is expressed as:
NO(P) = Q −S TUV −W(P)/P
√Q −P
Z
The B-value is shown as:
W(P) = U[√P
t = n/N represent the proportion of the information observed at the time of IA.
n is the sample size observed at the time of IA, N is the planned total sample size.
Zn is the test statistic observed at the time of IA.
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U[ =
\]^ −_]`
a[√^bQ + `bQ
\]^ the means of response after imputation and k is the sample size for low dose treatment group 
at time of IA.
_]` the means of response after imputation and m is the sample size for placebo group at time of 
IA,
Sn is the pooled estimate of σ.
To make the first IA be representative of the primary analysis, twenty imputations will be 
performed. The average of those twenty U[ obtained from each imputed dataset is used for 
calculating W(P) and then the conditional power NO(P).
In the case where one treatment arm has less than 19 subjects with week 12 data, each day with 
missingness in the weeks where the subject has less than 4 diary days will be imputed as 0 so 
that we have 7 days for those weeks after imputation. In such case, we assume that subjects who 
are not filling out the edairy data daily are often not filling out the diary due to not having a 
bowel movement, therefore, imputing missing days as 0 will provide the most conservative 
approach. After being imputed with 0, the calculation of average number of SBM would follow 
the same steps shown in Section 6.1.
A second IA will be performed when all randomized and toilet-trained subjects have completed 
or have withdrawn from the Placebo-controlled Part A. At this IA, the primary endpoint will be 
analyzed as planned. The DMC will then make a recommendation to the sponsor to stop or 
continue the remainder of the study. If one of the doses shows a statistically significant 
difference (using the Hochberg step-up procedure for adjustment of multiplicity) with placebo in 
primary endpoints (H1 or H2), the study will be continued.
To maintain data integrity, the results from the IAs based on unblinded data will be accessible 
only to the independent and external DMC, such that they can make a recommendation to the 
sponsor. At all points, the study team directly involved in the conduct of the study will remain 
blinded to maintain the double-blind nature of the study. All outputs for the interim analysis will 
be prepared by an independent analysis team. More details will be explained in the charter for 
the DMC.
More details will be explained in the charter for the DMC.
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11.1 Data Monitoring Committee 
An independent DMC will be installed to monitor accumulating safety data in this study
including SI/SIBs to detect evidence of possible safety issues. (Additional information on the 
referral of SI/SIB to the DMC is provided in Section 7.2). The DMC will also be involved in 
both planned interim analyses to assess if efficacy is sufficient to continue the study. The DMC 
is independent and will give recommendation to the sponsor with regards to the termination of 
study. Ideally, the DMC will include 3 clinicians (of which at least one is a pediatrician), a PK 
expert, and a statistician. The exact composition will be described in the DMC charter. 
Unblinded data will be at the disposal of the DMC. The DMC review will consist of a closed 
session and an open session. During the closed session, the DMC will look at the data (blinded 
and if needed unblinded) and come to a recommendation for the sponsor. During the open 
session, the DMC recommendation is discussed with the sponsor (blinded). The sponsor remains 
blinded. The composition of the DMC, the responsibilities of all DMC members, and the relation 
between DMC and sponsor will be described in more detail in a separate DMC charter. The 
DMC chair or sponsor can request additional analyses or meetings. The DMC chair can invite 
additional internal or external experts to discuss specific issues.
For safety monitoring, the DMC will meet every 6 months. A DMC meeting can be cancelled 
when, compared to the previous DMC meeting, less than 15 additional subjects are randomized.
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12.6.1 Incomplete Start Date 
The following rules will be applied to impute the missing numerical fields. If the stop date is 
complete and the imputed start date is after the stop date, then the start date will be imputed 
using the stop date.
12.6.2 Missing Day and Month

If the year of the incomplete start date is the same as the year of the date of the first dose of 
IP, then the day and month of the date of the first dose of IP will be assigned to the missing 
fields.

If the year of the incomplete start date is before the year of the date of the first dose of IP, 
then December 31 will be assigned to the missing fields.

If the year of the incomplete start date is after the year of the date of the first dose of IP, then 
01 January will be assigned to the missing fields.
12.6.3 Missing Month Only

The day will be treated as missing and both month and day will be replaced according to the 
above procedure.
12.6.4 Missing Day Only

If the month and year of the incomplete start date are the same as the month and year of the 
date of the first dose of IP, then the day of the date of the first dose of IP will be assigned to 
the missing day.

If either the year is before the year of the date of the first dose of IP or if both years are the 
same, but the month is before the month of the date of the first dose of IP, then the last day of 
the month will be assigned to the missing day.

If either the year is after the year of the date of the first dose of IP or if both years are the 
same, but the month is after the month of the date of the first dose of IP, then the first day of 
the month will be assigned to the missing day. 
12.6.5 Incomplete Stop Date 
The following rules will be applied to impute the missing numerical fields. If the date of the last 
dose of IP is missing, then replace it with the last visit date. If the imputed stop date is before the 
start date (imputed or non-imputed start date), then the imputed stop date will be equal to the 
start date.
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12.6.6 Missing Day and Month

If the year of the incomplete stop date is the same as the year as of the date of the last dose of 
IP, then the day and month of the date of the last dose of IP will be assigned to the missing 
fields.

If the year of the incomplete stop date is before the year of the date of the last dose of IP, 
then 31 December will be assigned to the missing fields.

If the year of the incomplete stop date is after the year of the date of the last dose of IP, then 
01 January will be assigned to the missing fields.
12.6.7 Missing Month Only

The day will be treated as missing and both month and day will be replaced according to the 
above procedure.
12.6.8 Missing Day Only

If the month and year of the incomplete stop date are the same as the month and year of the 
date of the last dose of IP, then the day of the date of the last dose of IP will be assigned to 
the missing day.

If either the year is before the year of the date of the last dose of IP or if both years are the 
same, but the month is before the month of the date of the last dose of IP, then the last day of 
the month will be assigned to the missing day.

If either the year is after the year of the last dose of IP or if both years are the same, but the 
month is after the month of the date of the last dose of IP, then the first day of the month will 
be assigned to the missing day.
12.7 Missing Date Information for Adverse Events 
For AEs, the default is to only impute incomplete (ie, partially missing) start dates. Incomplete 
stop dates may also be imputed when calculation of the duration of an AE is required per the 
protocol. If imputation of an incomplete stop date is required, and both the start date and the stop 
date are incomplete for a subject, impute the start date first.
12.7.1 Incomplete Start Date 
Follow same rules as in Section 12.6.1.
12.7.2 Incomplete Stop Date 
When required per the protocol, follow the same rules as in Section 12.6.5. 
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12.8 Missing Severity Assessment for Adverse Events
If severity is missing for an AE starting prior to the date of the first dose of IP, then a severity of 
“Mild” will be assigned. If the severity is missing for an AE starting on or after the date of the 
first dose of IP, then a severity of “Severe” will be assigned. The imputed values for severity 
assessment will be used for incidence summaries, while the actual values will be used in data 
listings.
12.9 Missing Relationship to Investigation Product for Adverse Events
If the relationship to IP is missing for an AE starting on or after the date of the first dose of IP, a 
causality of “Related” will be assigned. The imputed values for relationship to double-blind IP
will be used for incidence summaries, while the actual values will be presented in data listings.
13. ANALYSIS SOFTWARE
Statistical analyses will be performed using Version 9.3 (or newer) of SAS in a suitably qualified 
environment.
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14. CHANGES TO ANALYSIS SPECIFIED IN PROTOCOL
14.1 Changes from Protocol
Not applicable.
14.2 Changes from Version 1 of SAP
Changes from version 1 to version 2 of the SAP are provided here, removed text is indicated 
using strikeout font, additions with bold fond. Editorial type changes, ie, spelling, grammar and 
formatting are not included.
Table 6. Changes Made in Version 2 of SAP
Section
Description of Change
Reason for Change
4.1.6
Incorrect timing of assessments: A primary/key secondary endpoint assessment 
performed outside a ±3 day window for the nominal visit date will be 
classified as a major protocol deviation.
This criteria will not 
apply, as for these 
endpoints, data is 
collected daily, and 
endpoint are 
averages over 
each week.
5.7
Investigational product dosing compliance for a specified period is defined as 
the total number of days that the subject or caregiver report in the e-diary 
that the medication was taken by a subject during that period divided by 
the expected number of days medication to be taken in the same time 
period total number of tablets or liquid volume actually taken during the same 
period multiplied by 100. The total number of tablets or liquid volume actually 
taken is calculated by the total number of tablets or liquid volume dispensed 
minus the number of tablets or liquid volume returned. Descriptive statistics 
for IP compliance will be presented by treatment group for each period 
between 2 consecutive visits as well as for the whole double-blind evaluation 
phase for the study for the Safety Analysis Set. These will include summary 
statistics (n, mean median, std, min and max) as well as categorization in 
appropriate categories (eg, <80%, 80-120%, > 120%). The above summary 
will be produced for each Study Part and toilet-trained status.
The calculation was 
changed to reflect 
the data collected.
6.1
If the UN covariance structure fails to converge, as an alternative, the 
Compound symmetry (CS) covariance matrix will be applied. Degrees of 
freedom will be estimated using the Kenward Roger approximation. For 
purpose of convergence, pooling of smaller centers might be needed, decisions 
on pooling will be made before unblinding.
6.1.1
MMRM analysis with additional covariate and factors: The proposed MMRM 
model for primary efficacy analysis, including additional factors (center, tablet 
vs oral solution, global severity score) and covariate age. Note: When age is 
analyzed as a covariate, age group will not be included as a factor in the 
MMRM; for purpose of convergence, pooling of smaller centers might be 
needed. Centers with fewer than 5 subjects in the Full Analysis Set will be 
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Table 6. Changes Made in Version 2 of SAP
Section
Description of Change
Reason for Change
pooled into 1 of 4 regional pools. The pooling strategy will be reassessed 
and documented prior to unblinding to ensure that the regional pools are 
not over representative, ie, contain more subjects than the large enrolling 
centers, wherein large regional pools will be divided with centers being 
selected at random.
7
For toilet-trained subjects, all safety data will be summarized for the whole 
study (Part A and Part B combined), and also separately for each Part A and 
Part B, unless otherwise specified. Part A will be summarized using the 
placebo, low dose, high dose and Motegrity overall. Part B will be summarized 
using the groupings of low dose, high dose and overall. Summaries of Part A
and Part B are combined using the groupings placebo, placebo-low dose, 
placebo-high dose, low dose-low dose, high dose-high dose and Motegrity 
overall, unless otherwise specified. Subjects randomized to Placebo in 
Part A who discontinued from the study prior to starting Part B will also 
be included in placebo-low dose or placebo-high dose.
Clarification of 
planned analyses.
7.1
Data for Part A includes all data with an onset date between date of first 
dose of IP up to last dose of Part A IP, inclusive, or 5 days, inclusive of last
dose of IP for subjects that do not participate in Part B. Data for Part B
includes all data with an onset date from first dose of Part B IP up to the 
last dose of Part B IP plus 5 days, inclusive. If subject is missing first dose 
of Part A from EC_ORAL form, it will be assumed that Part A first dose 
is baseline visit date. If subject has reached visit 14 and is missing last dose 
date of Part A on EC_ORAL form then Part A last dose will be assumed 
to be visit 14 date. If subject has reached visit 14 and is missing first dose 
of Part B it will be assumed that first dose Part B date is Visit 14 date + 1.
If subject is missing Part B last dose date from EC_ORAL form and study 
day is greater than visit 14 date then it will be assumed that subject is still 
on Part B drug. The rules in this paragraph also apply to vital signs and 
ECG.
Clarify the reporting 
of AEs between 
study Parts
0
Assessments will be included only when subject is on treatment. All 
assessments will be used for listings. Data for Part A includes all data with 
an assessment date between date of first dose of Part A IP through last 
dose of last dose of Part A IP. Data for Part B includes all data with an 
assessment date from first dose of Part B IP up to the last dose of Part B
IP.
12.2.2
Corrections to table 5 entries.
Entries in table 5 
were corrected to 
reflect that first day 
of IP is counted as 
study day 0, 
previously it was 
counted as day 1. 
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Table 6. Changes Made in Version 2 of SAP
Section
Description of Change
Reason for Change
4.1
Combined Toilet-trained and Non-toilet-trained populations
Non-toilet-trained 
subjects will be 
pooled with 
toilet-trained for 
demographic and 
safety summary 
tables. It has been 
explicitly noted 
throughout where 
they will be shown 
separately.
14.3 Changes in Version 4 of SAP
Changes from version 3 to version 4 of the SAP are provided here, removed text is indicated 
using strikeout font, additions with bold font. Editorial type changes, ie, spelling, grammar and 
formatting are not included.
Table 7. Changes Made in Version 4 of SAP
Section
Description of Change
Reason for Change
2.2
The primary endpoint is the average change from baseline in number of 
spontaneous bowel movements (SBMs) per week derived from the (diary) data 
over 12 weeks, collected during the placebo-controlled part (Part A). Any 
bowel movement (BM) that occurs within 24 hours after intake of the rescue 
medication or within 24 hours after disimpaction period will not be 
considered as spontaneous.
Clarify for the in the 
case of baseline
4.1.6
Incorrect timing of assessments: A primary/key secondary endpoint assessment 
performed outside a ±3 day window for the nominal visit time will be 
classified as a major protocol deviation. Note that this rule does not apply to 
ediary data, which are collected daily, and endpoint are averages over 
each week.
Clarification
4.1.7
The Completers Analysis Set is applicable to Study Part A and will consist of 
all toilet-trained subjects who are at least 3 years of age in the mITT Analysis 
Set who have an average number of an average number of SBMs available 
for all 12 weeks in the Placebo-controlled Part (Part A) completed the daily 
diary for at least 12 weeks during Part A of the study. The subject in this set 
must have at least 4 days with completed diary data in each of the 
12 weeks to have availability to calculate the of average  number of SBMs.
Clarification 
5.6
If two sources of the end date are available the date collected on site will 
be used to determine last dose of IP. The last dose of IP will be determined 
for both Part A and Part B using drug accountability eCRF page along with the 
records within eDiary. See Section 12.5 for missing last dose date.
Change to reflect 
actual eCRF
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Table 7. Changes Made in Version 4 of SAP
Section
Description of Change
Reason for Change
5.7
…(difference in days as reported on the eCRF dosing form)…
Clarification
6.1
…or within 24 hours after disimpaction period…
Clarification
7
Subjects that did not reach Part B or did not participate in Part B and 
received low dose in part A will be included the low/low group. Subjects 
that did not reach Part B or did not participate in Part B and received 
high dose in part A will be included the high/high group. If a subject is in 
the safety set for Part A or Part B they will be included in the combined 
analyses.
Non toilet-trained subjects will be summarized similarly where data permit
together with toilet-trained subjects, unless specified otherwise.
Clarification
Non toilet-trained 
will be pooled with 
toilet-trained for 
majority of 
summary tables.
7.1
An AE (classified by preferred term) that occurs during this study will be 
considered a TEAE if it has a start date on or after the first dose of double-
blind IP or if it has a start date before the date of the first dose of double-blind 
IP but increases in severity on or after the date of the first dose of double-blind 
IP. An AE that occurs more than 5 days (5 x half-life of 24 hours) after the 
date of the last dose of double-blind IP will not be counted as a TEAE. If 
two sources of the end date of  treatment are available, the date collected 
on site will be used to determine last dose of IP.
Clarification
7.1
Data for Part A includes all data with an onset date between date of first dose 
of IP up to last dose of Part A IP, inclusive, or 5 days, inclusive of last dose of 
IP for subjects that do not participate in Part B. Data for Part B includes all 
data with an onset date from first dose of Part B IP up to the last dose of Part B 
IP plus 5 days, inclusive. This rule is also applicable to Sections 7.3, 7.4 and 
7.5. If subject is missing first dose of Part A from EC_ORAL form, it will be 
assumed that Part A first dose is baseline visit date. If subject has reached visit 
14 and is missing last dose date of Part A on EC_ORAL form then Part A last 
dose will be assumed to be Visit 14 date. If subject has reached visit 14 and is 
missing first dose of Part B it will be assumed that first dose Part B date is 
Visit 14 date +1. If subject is missing Part B last dose date from EC_ORAL 
form and study day is greater than Visit 14 date then it will be assumed that 
subject is still on Part B drug. The rules in this paragraph also apply to vital 
signs and ECG.
Clarification
7.3
Assessments will be included only when subject is on treatment. All 
assessments will be used for listings. Data for Part A includes all data with an 
assessment date between date of first dose of Part A IP through last dose of last 
dose of Part A IP. Data for Part B includes all data with an assessment date 
from first dose of Part B IP up to the last dose of Part B IP. If subject is 
missing first dose of Part A from EC_ORAL form, it will be assumed that Part 
A first dose is baseline visit date. If subject has reached visit 14 and is missing 
last dose date of Part A on EC_ORAL form then Part A last dose will be 
assumed to be Visit 14 date. If subject has reached visit 14 and is missing first 
This has been 
replace.
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Table 7. Changes Made in Version 4 of SAP
Section
Description of Change
Reason for Change
dose of Part B it will be assumed that first dose Part B date is Visit 14 date +1. 
If subject is missing Part B last dose date from EC_ORAL form and study day 
is greater than Visit 14 date then it will be assumed that subject is still on Part 
B drug. The rules in this paragraph also apply to vital signs and ECG.
7.4
Lower values added to Table 3
Lower values were 
missing
7.5
All safety analyses for non-toilet-trained subjects will be performed same as 
for toilet-trained subjects and summarized together with those for toilet-
trained subjects.
Only selected TEAEs tables will be generated for non toilet trained subjects. 
The NTTSAF will be used for safety analysis
Reflect change to 
pool non toilet-
trained with toilet 
trained.
10

Anchor-based empirical cumulative distribution function 
(eCDF) with percentiles and probability density function 
(PDF) curves will be provided for each outcome endpoint, 
with the sample size included in each figure’s legend. Note 
that eCDF and PDF are only applicable for those 
endpoints (PGI-S, CGI-S and PedsQL) in this Section.
Clarification
11

\]^ the observed means of response after imputation and k 
is the sample size for low dose treatment group at time of IA.

_]` the observed means of response after imputation and m 
is the sample size for placebo group at time of IA,

Sn is the pooled estimate of σ.
To make the first IA be representative of the primary analysis, twenty 
imputations will be performed. The average of those twenty U[ obtained 
from each imputed dataset is used for calculating W(P) and then the 
conditional power NO(P).
In  the case where one treatment arm has less than 19 subjects with 
week 12 data, each day with missingness in the weeks where the subject 
has less than 4 diary days will be imputed as 0 so that we have 7 days for 
those weeks after imputation. In such case, we assume that subjects who 
are not filling out the edairy data daily are often not filling out the diary 
due to not having a bowel movement, therefore, imputing missing days as 
0 will provide the most conservative approach.. After being imputed with 
0, the calculation of average number of SBM would follow the same steps 
shown in Section 6.1.
12.2.2
Table 5
Days in table 5 were 
shifted to correct 
that first day of 
study is called 0 
rather than 1.
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Table 7. Changes Made in Version 4 of SAP
Section
Description of Change
Reason for Change
12.5
When the date of the last dose of IP is missing for a subject in the Safety 
Analysis Set, all efforts should be made to obtain the date from the 
investigator. See section 12.6.5 for more information. If it is still missing 
after all efforts, then the latter of the last dispensing date or the last visit date 
when IP was returned will be used in the calculation of treatment duration.
14.4 Changes in Version 5 of SAP
Changes from version 4 to version 5 of the SAP are provided here, removed text is indicated 
using strikeout font, additions with bold font. Editorial type changes, ie, spelling, grammar and 
formatting are not included.
Table 8. Changes Made in Version 5 Of SAP
Section
Description of Change
Reason for Change
2.3.2, 6.2
Update secondary endpoints to describe subgroups by reporter status as 
per protocol 
Made consistent 
with Protocol
4.1
Combined Toilet-trained and Non-toilet-trained populations
Non-toilet-trained 
subjects will be 
pooled with toilet-
trained for 
demographic and 
safety summary 
tables. It has been 
explicitly noted 
throughout where 
they will be shown 
separately.
5.2, 5.4, 5.5,
7.5
All safety analyses for non-toilet-trained subjects will be performed 
same as for toilet-trained subjects and summarized together with those 
for toilet-trained subjects.
Non-toilet-trained 
subjects will be 
pooled with 
toilet-trained for 
demographic and 
safety summary 
tables. It has been 
explicitly noted 
throughout where 
they will be shown 
separately.
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Table 8. Changes Made in Version 5 Of SAP
Section
Description of Change
Reason for Change
11
Only if both comparisons, low dose and high dose versus placebo, 
based on the primary endpoint have a conditional power 
(probability) of less than 20% the study will be stopped for futility. 
In case of study termination due to futility, no further inferential 
efficacy analysis will be conducted since the original power 
calculation was based on 240 subjects (80 per each arm of placebo, 
low dose and high dose) who should have either completed or
withdrawn from part A. Inferential analyses on partial data of 
patients at varying time spent in part A is not meaningful anymore. 
Instead, all efficacy endpoints including primary, secondary and 
exploratory endpoints stated in Section 2 and Section 6 will be 
reported in a descriptive manner. Health economics and outcomes 
research endpoints stated in Section 10 will be reported descriptively 
excluding analyses for anchor-based distributions.
Update to show 
analyses not being 
done due to futility.
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15. REFERENCES
Dmitrienko, A., Kordzakhia, G. and Brechenmacher, T. 2016. Mixture-based gatekeeping 
procedures for multiplicity problems with multiple sequences of hypotheses. J Biopharm 
Stat, 26(4), 758-80.
Heitjan, D. F. and Little, R. J. A. 1991. Multiple imputation for the fatal accident reporting 
system. Appl Statist, 40(1), 13-29.
Lan, K. K. and Wittes, J. 1988. The B-value: a tool for monitoring data. Biometrics, 44(2), 579-
85.
Rubin, D. B. 1987. Multiple imputation for nonresponse in surveys. New York: John Wiley & 
Sons, Inc.
Schenker, N. and Taylor, J. M. G. 1996. Partially parametric techniques for multiple imputation. 
Comput Stat Data Anal, 22(4), 425-46.
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For non-commercial use only


For non-commercial use only


For non-commercial use only


For non-commercial use only


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Table A3 Analysis Window for E-dairy Data for Primary Efficacy Endpoint
Visit
Week
Study Day
Assessment window (in days)
lower limit
upper limit
2 - Baseline
0
0
-33
0
3
1
4
1
7
4
2
11
8
14
5
3
18
15
21
6
4
25
22
28
7
5
32
29
35
8
6
39
36
42
9
7
46
43
49
10
8
53
50
56
11
9
60
57
63
12
10
67
64
70
13
11
74
71
77
14
12
81
78
84
Note: Baseline values do not include the disimpaction period or 24 hours after the end of disimpaction 
period.
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Appendix 2 Sample SAS Codes
*************************************************************************;
********** hybrid approach for imputation for primary efficacy******************;
*************************************************************************;
     proc sort DATA=sbm12weeks;
      by treat subjid age reason basesev week;
     run;
    proc transpose data =sbm12weeks out=xweeks(drop=_name_ _label_) prefix=wk;
     var chg;
      by treat subjid age reason basesev week;
      id week;
    run;
            
    proc mi data=xweeks out=impothers nimpute=20 seed=1010 noprint minimum = . . 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 
0 0 0  k=5;
       where reason NOT IN ('ADVERSE EVENT','INEFFECTIVE');
        by treat ;
       VAR age basesev wk0-wk12;
         FCS REGPMM (wk0  = age basesev);
         FCS REGPMM (wk1  = wk0 );
         FCS REGPMM (wk2  = wk1 wk0 );
         FCS REGPMM (wk3  = wk2 wk1 wk0 );
         FCS REGPMM (wk4  = wk3 wk2 wk1 wk0 );
         FCS REGPMM (wk5  = wk4 wk3 wk2 wk1 wk0 );
         FCS REGPMM (wk6  = wk5 wk4 wk3 wk2 wk1 wk0 );
         FCS REGPMM (wk7  = wk6 wk5 wk4 wk3 wk2 wk1 wk0 );
         FCS REGPMM (wk8  = wk7 wk6 wk5 wk4 wk3 wk2 wk1 wk0 );
         FCS REGPMM (wk9  = wk8 wk7 wk6 wk5 wk4 wk3 wk2 wk1 wk0 );
         FCS REGPMM (wk10 = wk9 wk8 wk7 wk6 wk5 wk4 wk3 wk2 wk1 wk0 );
         FCS REGPMM (wk11 = wk10 wk9 wk8 wk7 wk6 wk5 wk4 wk3 wk2 wk1 wk0 );
         FCS REGPMM (wk12 = wk11 wk10 wk9 wk8 wk7 wk6 wk5 wk4 wk3 wk2 wk1 wk0 );
      run;
**** use WOCF for subjects dropping out due to AE or lack of efficacy;
    data IMPAE;
     set xweeks;
     where reason in ('ADVERSE EVENT', 'INEFFECTIVE');     
     array week[12] wk1-wk12;
** Set worst value to 0;
       WOCF=0
       ** Set Worst value to min for that subject.
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      if week[1] ne . then WOCF= max(WOCF,week[1]);
      do i=2 to 12;
         if week[i] ne . then WOCF=min(week[1],week[i]);
      end;
     do i=1 to 12;
      if week[i] = .  then week[i]= WOCF;
     end;
     do _imputation_=1 to 20; output; end;
     drop i WOCF;
    run;
**** combine;
    data xweeksimp;
     set impothers impae;
    run;
    proc sort data=xweeksimp;
      by _imputation_ treat subjid age basesev ;
    run;
**** transpose back so MMRM can be applied;;
    proc transpose data=xweeksimp out=weeksimp(rename=(col1=chg)) name=visit ;
     var wk1-wk12;
      by _imputation_ treat subjid age  basesev ;
    run;
    data weeksimp;
     set weeksimp;
    week=1*substr(visit,3,1);
    run;
*************************************************************************;
********** Calculate Primary Efficacy Endpoint After Hybrid Imputation*********;
*************************************************************************;
**** apply MMRM per imputation set;
    ods output diffs=diffs lsmeans=lsmeans ;
    PROC MIXED DATA=weeksimp noinfo noclprint;
     class treat subjid week ;
     model chg = base treat week treat*week age;
     repeated week /subject=subjid type=un;
     lsmeans treat/pdiff=control('_PLA') cl adjust=dunnett;
     by _imputation_;
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    run;
    *** Combine results;
    PROC MIANALYZE DATA=diffs;
     ODS OUTPUT PARAMETERESTIMATES=mi_mixed;
     MODELEFFECTS estimate;
     STDERR;
    RUN; 
*************************************************************************;
********** Calculating Conditional Power After Hybrid Imputation *********************;
*************************************************************************;
Step 1: Calculate the mean and standard deviations by treatment groups within each 
imputation dataset.
proc sort data=weeksimp;
by impnum trt USUBJID;
run;
/*calculate the average change in SBM across visit by Subject*/
proc means data=weeksimp;
by impnum trt USUBJID;
var chg;
output out=imp_means mean=meanchg stddev = sdchg;
run;
/*calculate the average change and standard deviation across Subject by treatment 
group*/
proc means data=imp_means;
by impnum trt;
var meanchg;
output out=imp_means_all mean=meanchg stddev = sdchg;
run;
Step 2:Use the means, std deviations and sample size from each treatment group within 
each imputation dataset to calculate the zn for each imputation dataset using the Lan 
and Wittes (1988) method.
Step 2a: Calculate the change in means(delta).
Step 2b: Calculate the pooled standard deviation (psd) 
Step 3b: Calculate Zn.
/*compute zn for each imputation dataset*/
data zn_scores;
merge placebo PrucaloprideLowDose PrucaloprideHighDose;
/* compute overall sample size*/
n=n_placebo+n_low+n_high;
/*calculate zn for low dose versus placebo*/
deltalow=meanchg_low-meanchg_placebo; /*compute x-bar1 - x-bar2*/
psdlow=sqrt (( (n_low-1)*(sdchg_low**2)+ (n_placebo-
1)*(sdchg_placebo**2))/(n_low+n_placebo-2)); /*compute pooled standard deviation*/
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zn_low=(meanchg_low-meanchg_placebo) / ( psdlow*(sqrt(n_low**-1 + n_placebo**-1))); 
/*compute zn*/
/*calculate zn for high dose versus placebo*/
deltahigh=meanchg_high-meanchg_placebo;
psdhigh=sqrt (( (n_high-1)*(sdchg_high**2)+ (n_placebo-
1)*(sdchg_placebo**2))/(n_high+n_placebo-2));
zn_high=(meanchg_high-meanchg_placebo) / ( psdhigh*(sqrt(n_high**-1 + n_placebo**-
1)));
run;
Step 3: Calculate the average Zn across all imputations by group (high versus low). 
*Note: could use proc mi to do this, however because we are only interested in the 
average and not in the variance we can also take an average.
/*Calculate the average zn across all imputation datasets for each zn group(low and 
high)*/
proc means data=zn_scores;
var zn_high zn_low n;
output out=average_zn ;
run;
Step 4: Calculate the conditional probability per Lan and Wittes (1988).
/*calculate conditional power*/
data cp_stats;
set average_zn ;
where _STAT_="MEAN";
t=n/240; /* Information time*/
bt_high=zn_high*sqrt(t); /*compute parameter B(t)/sqrt(t)*/
bt_low=zn_low*sqrt(t);
cp_high=1-probnorm((1.96 - (bt_high /t))/ (sqrt(1-t))) ; /*compute conditional power*/
cp_low=1-probnorm((1.96 - (bt_low /t))/ (sqrt(1-t))) ;
run;
Code For Sensitivity Analyses:
************************************************************************;
**************** placebo multiple imputation****************************;
************************************************************************;
       
    proc mi data=xweeks out=impothers nimpute=40 seed=2019 noprint;
     where treat='_PLA';
     var wk1-wk8;
     mcmc outest=posteriors_pla; * Here we save the placebo posteriors;
    run;
    data posteriors_pla(type=est); * Here we assign the placebo posteriors;
        set posteriors_pla;
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        if  0 < _imputation_ <= 20 then      treat='_PLA';
        if 20 < _imputation_ <= 40 then do;  treat='PRU ';
            _imputation_=_imputation_- 20;
        end;
    run;
    proc sort;
     by treat;
    run;
    proc mi data=xweeks out=im_placebo ;
        by treat;
        var wk1-wk8;
        mcmc inest=posteriors_pla; * Here we use the placebo posteriors;
    run;
    proc sort data=im_placebo;
      by _imputation_ base treat week age center sex formulation basesev race ;
    run;
**** transpose back so MMRM can be applied;;
    proc transpose data=im_placebo out=weeksimppla(rename=(col1=chg)) name=visit ;
     var wk1-wk8;
      by _imputation_ base treat week age center sex formulation basesev race;
    run;
    data weeksimppla;
     set weeksimppla;
    week=1*substr(visit,3,1);
    run;
**** apply MMRM per imputation set;
    ods output diffs=diffs_impla ;
    ods trace off;
    PROC MIXED DATA=weeksimppla noinfo noclprint;
     class treat subjid sex week race center formulation basesev ;
     model chg = base treat week age treat*week;
     repeated week /subject=subjid type=un;
     lsmeans treat/pdiff=control('_PLA') cl adjust=dunnett;
     by _imputation_;
    run;
    *** Combine results;
    PROC MIANALYZE DATA=diffs;
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     ODS OUTPUT PARAMETERESTIMATES=mi_mixed;
     MODELEFFECTS estimate;
     STDERR;
    RUN;
*************************************************************************;
********************* on-treatment multple imputation *******************;
*************************************************************************;
       
    proc mi data=xweeks out=mi_ontreat nimpute=20 seed=2019 noprint;
     var wk1-wk8;
     by treat;
     mcmc;
    run;
    proc sort data=mi_ontreat;
      by _imputation_ base treat week age center sex formulation basesev race;
    run;
**** transpose back so MMRM can be applied;;
    proc transpose data=mi_ontreat out=weeksimp_ot(rename=(col1=chg)) name=visit ;
     var wk1-wk8;
      by _imputation_ base treat week age center sex formulation basesev race;
    run;
    data weeksimp_ot;
     set weeksimp_ot;
    week=1*substr(visit,3,1);
    run;
**** apply MMRM per imputation set;
    ods output diffs=diffs_ot ;
    ods trace off;
    PROC MIXED DATA=weeksimp_ot noinfo noclprint;
     class treat subjid sex week race center formulation basesev ;
     model chg = base treat week age treat*week;
     repeated week /subject=subjid type=un;
     lsmeans treat/pdiff=control('_PLA') cl adjust=dunnett;
     by _imputation_;
    run;
    *** Combine results;
    PROC MIANALYZE DATA=diffs_ot;
     ODS OUTPUT PARAMETERESTIMATES=mi_mixed;
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     MODELEFFECTS estimate;
     STDERR;
    RUN;
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